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Is Office Space a Thing of the Past?
By Sam Chandan	March 27, 2013 9:00 am
Is the office obsolete?
SEE ALSO: WeWork Expands Lease to 154K SF in Tysons, Va. Office
The argument has been going on since before the Internet, when its antecedents were limited to connecting university research labs to the Department of Defense. The adoption of new technologies may afford smaller server rooms and fewer filing cabinets, but the location of people dominates everything else when it comes to office space utilization. At least on the margins, the data show we are using less office space for every employee. We cannot assume that reflects the impact of technology, but it's not an unreasonable hypothesis.
The notion of telecommuting can be traced back 40 years, to prophecy of a more decentralized work force driven by new computer technologies and rising transportation costs. Our office buildings have not emptied out, in part because technology remains—at least for the time being—an imperfect substitute for face-to-face collaboration.
If it was at risk of falling into the background, Marissa Mayer's decree that Yahoo employees present themselves has rekindled the debate about the future of the office. She has been variously applauded for undertaking badly needed reforms and derided for outmoded thinking. As a means to strategic and operating goals, the rationale was not unsound. From an operating perspective, remote employees were underperforming. From a strategic perspective, employees' lack of motivation could be framed in terms of the company's loss of momentum.
Ms. Mayer is betting that by bringing her staff together, she can re-energize them. By all accounts, the execution of the policy shift was short on tact and too rigid. Abstracting away from the organizational and market challenges facing Yahoo!, there is a broader conjecture that may hold merit: we generate more and better ideas in groups.
Imagine a world that bears an uncanny resemblance to a stylized economic model. In this very odd and two-dimensional place, there are two types of people. Creative types are highly productive, but even more productive when collocated with others of their type. Less creative types are productive as well, but their productivity is unaffected by their location—as long as they are monitored.
If the available technology means that what I'll describe as regular types can be equally productive from any location—and if that technology also supports monitoring—we should observe spatial dispersion in this subset of the work force.
For the creative types, who are more productive when they are located together, there may still be a host of reasons why they will want to remain separate. Perhaps most important, at home you can work in your underwear. It can get a little lonely during the day, but you know how to socialize on your own time. Your perspective may change if you learn that your office-bound friends are earning more.
From the firm's perspective, higher productivity in this simplified world translates into higher profits. If market mechanisms are functioning reasonably well, management will compensate collocated employees more highly to reflect their higher economic value. Responding to that incentive, we should observe spatial convergence among creatives, even if the occasional day from home is part of the routine.
Things are not static, of course. The available technology may change, producing more effective substitutes for collocation. But until then, there is a productivity advantage to the firm that will bring its creative types together.
dsc@chandan.com
Sam Chandan, Ph.D., is president and chief economist of Chandan Economics and an adjunct professor at the Wharton School.
Keywords: lead indicator, Marissa Mayer, Sam Chandan, Yahoo!
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: React Hide/Show Component by Key n React Js I have rendered a lot of Photos component.
class PhotoList extends Component {
render() {
    return (

            { _.map(this.props.photos, function(photo) { return ([<Photo key={photo.Id} data={photo} />, ' ']); }) }

    );
}};

class Photo extends Component {
selectPhoto() {

}
EditPhoto() {

}
DetachPhoto() {

}
stopPropagation(e) {

}

dragStart() {

}

render () {
    var tooltip = (
        <Tooltip>

                 {createdAt} / {this.props.data.CreatedBy}

                 {modifiedAt} / {this.props.data.ModifiedBy}

        </Tooltip>
    );
    return (

                        <OverlayTrigger placement='bottom' overlay={tooltip}>

                        </OverlayTrigger>

    );
}

};
I want to hide Photo component after a click on it and show component after click a button.
I tried use React.unmountComponentAtNode() function, but I don't know how to select Photo compontnet with proper Key.

A: I have prepared one Demo for you to achieve your goal you can refer below mentioned URL
http://plnkr.co/edit/wFUtCfOYqTYfUFTn1sBk?p=preview
 var HideMe=React.createClass({
  Hide:function(event)
  {
    var Selected=$(event.target)[0].id;
     $("#"+Selected).removeClass('show');
    $("#"+Selected).addClass('hide');
  },
  Show:function(event)
  {
    var Selected=$(event.target)[0].id;
     $("#"+Selected).removeClass('hide');
    $("#"+Selected).addClass('show');
  },
  render:function()
  {
    return(

       Click me to Hide
        <input type="button" id="1" value="Show" onClick={this.Show}/>

      Click me to Hide
        <input type="button" id="2" value="Show" onClick={this.Show} />

      )
  }
});
React.render(
  <HideMe />,
  document.getElementById('example')
);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Category: ICC Cricket World Cup 2011
Cricket World Cup 2011 Quiz No. 1
Posted on July 17, 2017 November 1, 2020 by Vincent Augustine D'Souza
1) When was the opening ceremony of Cricket World Cup 2011?
a) 1 January 2011
b) 17 February 2011
c) 15 January 2011
d) 12 February 2011
2) Where was the opening ceremony of Cricket World Cup 2011?
a) Bangabandhu Stadium
b) Ferozeshah Kotla
c) VCA Stadium
d) Wankhede Stadium
3) Who scored 175 runs against Bangladesh on 19/2/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
a) Gautam Gambhir
b) Sachin Tendulkar
c) Viral Kohli
d) Virender Sehwag
4) What was the India's margin of victory over Bangladesh on 19/2/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
a) 100 runs
b) 87 runs
c) 6 wickets
d) 10 wickets
Posted on March 26, 2017 November 1, 2020 by Vincent Augustine D'Souza
1) Who was reprimanded by ICC for damaging a TV set after being run out on 21/2/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
a) Ricky Ponting
b) Michael Clarke
c) Brett Lee
d) Simon Katich
2) Who scored 119 runs against England on 22/2/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
a) Tom Cooper
b) Ryan ten Doeschate
c) Tom de Grooth
d) Peter Borren
3) What was England's margin of victory over Holland on 22/2/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
d) 4 wickets
1) How many runs did Holland score against Bangladesh on 14/3/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
2) What was Pakistan's margin of victory over Zimbabwe on 14/3/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
a) 52 runs
d) 1 wicket
3) Who was out on 99 runs against Ireland on 15/3/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
a) Graeme Smith
b) J. P. Duminy
c) Jacques Kallis
d) Robin Peterson
1) How many runs did New Zealand score against Australia on 25/2/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
2) What was the result of New Zealand versus Australia match on 25/2/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
a) New Zealand won by 20 runs
b) New Zealand won by 5 wickets
c) Australia won by 1 run
d) Australia won by 7 wickets
3) How many runs did Bangladesh score against Ireland on 25/2/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
Posted on February 24, 2017 November 1, 2020 by Vincent Augustine D'Souza
1) How many runs did Zimbabwe score against Canada on 28/2/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
2) How many runs did Canada score Zimbabwe against on 28/2/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
3) Who had a hat-trick against Holland on 28/2/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
a) Devon Smith
b) Suleiman Benn
c) Kemar Roach
d) Norman Miller
1) What was Pakistan's margin of victory over Canada on 3/3/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
2) Who took 5 wickets for 23 runs against Canada on 3/3/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
a) Abdul Razzak
b) Umar Gul
c) Shahid Afridi
d) Saeed Ajmal
3) How many runs did South Africa score against Holland on 3/3/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
Posted on July 1, 2016 by Vincent Augustine D'Souza
1) How many runs did New Zealand score against Sri Lanka on 29/3/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
2) What was the result of New Zealand versus Sri Lanka match on 29/3/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
c) Sri Lanka won by 48 runs
d) Sri Lanka won by 5 wickets
3) Who took 5 wickets for 46 runs against India on 30/3/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
a) Umar Gul
b) Shahid Afridi
c) Wahab Riaz
Posted on June 14, 2016 November 1, 2020 by Vincent Augustine D'Souza
1) How many runs did West Indies score against Pakistan on 23/3/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
2) What was the result of Pakistan versus West Indies match on 23/3/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
a) Pakistan won by 28 runs
b) Pakistan won by 10 wickets
c) West Indies won by 36 runs
d) West Indies won by 7 wickets
3) Who scored 104 runs against India on 24/3/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
a) Shane Watson
b) Brad Haddin
c) Ricky Ponting
d) Michael Clarke
1) What was Canada's margin of victory over Kenya on 7/3/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
2) What was the result of New Zealand versus Pakistan match on 8/3/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?
b) Pakistan won by 4 wickets
c) New Zealand won by 2 wickets
d) New Zealand won by 110 runs
3) What was India's margin of victory over Holland on 9/3/2011 in Cricket World Cup 2011?


text:
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License.
// Code generated by Microsoft (R) AutoRest Code Generator.

package com.azure.resourcemanager.digitaltwins.models;

import com.azure.core.annotation.Fluent;
import com.azure.core.management.Resource;
import com.azure.core.management.SystemData;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import java.util.Map;

/** The common properties of a DigitalTwinsInstance. */
@Fluent
public class DigitalTwinsResource extends Resource {
    /*
     * The managed identity for the DigitalTwinsInstance.
     */
    @JsonProperty(value = "identity")
    private DigitalTwinsIdentity identity;

    /*
     * Metadata pertaining to creation and last modification of the
     * DigitalTwinsInstance.
     */
    @JsonProperty(value = "systemData", access = JsonProperty.Access.WRITE_ONLY)
    private SystemData systemData;

    /**
     * Get the identity property: The managed identity for the DigitalTwinsInstance.
     *
     * @return the identity value.
     */
    public DigitalTwinsIdentity identity() {
        return this.identity;
    }

    /**
     * Set the identity property: The managed identity for the DigitalTwinsInstance.
     *
     * @param identity the identity value to set.
     * @return the DigitalTwinsResource object itself.
     */
    public DigitalTwinsResource withIdentity(DigitalTwinsIdentity identity) {
        this.identity = identity;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Get the systemData property: Metadata pertaining to creation and last modification of the DigitalTwinsInstance.
     *
     * @return the systemData value.
     */
    public SystemData systemData() {
        return this.systemData;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    @Override
    public DigitalTwinsResource withLocation(String location) {
        super.withLocation(location);
        return this;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    @Override
    public DigitalTwinsResource withTags(Map<String, String> tags) {
        super.withTags(tags);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Validates the instance.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException thrown if the instance is not valid.
     */
    public void validate() {
        if (identity() != null) {
            identity().validate();
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Global Initiatives Foundation
Building Community Builders
About Global Initiatives Foundation
Activities and Approach
Something More
Jewish Business Secrets Videos
Jewish Business Secrets – Membership
Joseph-Daniel Calling – Membership
Membership Blogs
Founders:
Morris E. Ruddick: Morris Ruddick is the founder of Global Initiatives Foundation. As an entrepreneur, consultant and business owner, he has led development of entrepreneurial activities in critical needy areas and brought together combined business-charity initiatives across the globe, with a focus on facilitating economic community development in challenging economic environments.
Since 1995, he has been at the forefront of encouraging and mobilizing spiritually-minded business leaders to step out in faith by employing their talents to build their communities. In recent years, Mr. Ruddick's agendas have included hands-on activities in Russia, Belarus, Ethiopia, Botswana, Benin, Nigeria, South Africa, The Bahamas, Afghanistan, India, Hong Kong, China, Indonesia, Vietnam and Israel. His initiatives have included biblical business startup programs, entrepreneurial workshops and conference talks to acquaint the West with the realities and strategies to bring change to the parts of the world living on less than $2 a day. He also has helped organize and launch an international consortium of humanitarian aid that assists Israeli immigrants.
He is the author of seven marketplace books which include The Joseph-Daniel Calling and God's Economy, Israel and the Nations. His writings include numerous articles on marketplace agendas, entrepreneurship and spiritual gifts, the dynamics of markets undergoing change, as well as blogs on Jewish Business Secrets and the Joseph-Daniel Calling. Mr. Ruddick has been a board member of several international charitable and humanitarian organizations. He served as Corporate Secretary of the segment of the International Christian Chamber of Commerce that produced the popular Chinese television series "You Can Start a Business ." Mr. Ruddick has been a keynote speaker and workshop leader for numerous national and international leadership summits, CEO forums and marketplace conferences; and is a member of the editorial advisory board of the Journal of Ministry Marketing and Management.
Over the years, he has served executive-suite management with his planning and strategy development talents in a diversity of progressive mid-sized operations, charitable organizations, and a diversity of well-known multi-national companies. He was at the helm of designing and implementing two successful corporate turnarounds, one being for the second-largest financial institution in its state. His specialty for both the business and charity spheres is in evaluating the dynamics impacting changing and emerging markets.
Carol Ruddick: Carol Ruddick is co-founder of Global Initiatives. She has served as a business owner, entrepreneur, medical case manager and has retired as a licensed psychotherapist with a specialty in trauma counseling. She has served as a member of the Red Cross mental health team. With specialties in disaster relief, she has applied her expertise from war-torn regions of Eastern Europe, to Israel, Asia and Africa. Ms. Ruddick holds two graduate degrees in counseling and has served as a counselor at the university level, working with young believers intent on mapping out a course for their lives that makes a difference. Her business acumen includes establishing a successful practice of medical case management.
Tom Bayless. Tom Bayless has spent almost 50 years in banking including establishing a national bank charter, president of a bank consulting company and forming a Christian Credit Union. Currently COO of RCB Bank a $3 billion community bank with 60 branches. His passion is for a great awakening in America that will spread throughout the world and in encouraging and assisting businesses as catalysts and progenitors in meaningful philanthropic and wealth transfer agendas.
David Cerullo: David Cerullo is CEO of Inspiration Ministries and a corporate businessman. Under his leadership the Inspiration Television Networks have reached more than 150 million households around the globe. He and his wife Barbara are sought-after speakers whose influence is impacting the values and cultures of our society.
Dusty Rubeck:
Leader and innovator within Christian circles, Dusty Rubeck has most recently served as CEO of CDF Capital, a church development fund. He served in a key role in the setup of the founding of the American Center for Law and Justice, before becoming CEO of the Worship and Praise TV Channels. He then spent seven years as President of Dallas Christian College before assuming his position with CDF Capital.
Board of Advisors:
John Barden. Mr. Barden is an entrepreneur/ business owner. His firm Digital Adrenalin provides creative strategy, storyline development and digital content through scripts, storyboards, digital films, visualization renderings, animations, designs and illustrations. His practical grasp of spiritual gifts translate into his being in demand as a teacher.
Chung Bach: Having served in a senior executive positions in various multinational corporations in Hanoi, Chung Bach is now project manager for a technology company. She has been a key part of a number of Kingdom initiatives that have ranged from investment opportunities to an active role with entrepreneurial training for Vietnamese youth. Ms. Chung has played a significant leadership role in establishing alliances between Israel and Vietnam.
Jasper Cloete: Mr. Cloete is an entrepreneur, consultant, author and community builder in South Africa. His very innovative Kingdom marketplace initiatives include Eagle's Nest Lodge and Convention Centre in Jonhannesburg, leadership roles in the International Christian Chamber of Commerce, initiator of the Generational Inheritance movement (GIG), establishment of GIG Cooperative Financial Institution (www.gig.coop and www.gig-institute.com), GIG Wealth-Fund Manager Institution, and the Virtual Trade Fair and Virtual Mall (www.virtualtradefair.africa). His book, Legacy, is a must Kingdom read.
Michael Johnston: Mr. Johnston is founder of M&R Associates Construction Consulting, LLC a residential exterior construction company. He also serves as founder of Mansion Builders International a non-profit organization that has overseen several humanitarian building projects in Nigeria, West Africa. He and his wife serve as marketplace ministry leaders to channel resources for Kingdom initiatives, as well as hosting support groups, functions and tours tied to agendas in Israel.
Minh Tai: With an extensive background as a partner in a Saigon-based construction firm, Minh Tai, along with his wife Phuoc are founders of a successful bi-lingual school/ orphanage. Their operation serves not only the children attending the school, but as true community-builders in their neighborhood with English classes for teenagers, as well as special family functions for parents and members of the neighborhood.
Jason Grieser: Mr. Grieser is the President and owner of Grieser Transportation, a national commercial trucking shipping operation. In a sector of industry with high-levels of turnover, most Grieser employees have been a part of their team for years. Jason is one of the visionaries and founders of the Zebulon Group a Kingdom trading operation. Jason and his wife Amy have long been active with their outreaches to young people.
Emeritus Board:
Jon Grieser (In Memorium 1958-2021) : Entrepreneur and business owner, Jon Grieser served as a wealth management and investment advisor for almost four decades. His activities included stewarding J. Grieser & Company LLC, an asset development company specializing in Kingdom initiatives. He was also founder and Managing Director of Armor and Light, LLC an operation guiding its clients to higher dimensions in using their businesses to actuate Kingdom influence in their markets.
William Bartlett: Bill Bartlett is founder and retired CEO of Callidus Technologies, a global
designer and manufacturer of equipment used in the petrochemical industry. Mr. Bartlett's impressive track record an entrepreneur and community builder has included many agendas that have brought change and vitality into a wide-range of Kingdom initiatives.
Judith Haynes: Judy Haynes has served in senior positions as a specialist in grass roots change in both the business and political arenas. Ms. Haynes was a founding member of the Christian Coalition and has served in key roles in national U.S election campaigns. Her wisdom and agendas have released ripples of change across the US and internationally.
Bill Bolton: Dr. Bolton is the founder and first Director of Cambridge University's St. John Technology Innovation Centre. As a recognized international business consultant, and author, his business models are considered a global standard for entrepreneurship.
Barry Harper: Mr. Harper is one of the two original founders of Opportunity International, the world's largest micro-lending institution. As a renowned business consultant, his efforts over the years have made a major impact on mobilizing entrepreneurs in a way that brings change to lands of poverty and oppression.
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text:
Feed In Tariff Speech to Parliament
Ms SANDELL (Melbourne) — It is my pleasure to contribute to the debate on the Energy Legislation Amendment (Feed-in Tariffs and Improving Safety and Markets) Bill 2016. I have been listening to the debate quite intently. I must say I have been quite confused listening to the shadow minister for energy and resources from the Liberal Party, who in one breath seems to be for solar power and in the next seems to be staunchly against it. I hope that before the election he does clarify his position with the voters, who I am sure will be able to see through his cynical posturing that seems to be trying to be everything to everyone but in fact is just offering nothing.
This bill enacts recommendations from the first stage of the Essential Services Commission's distributed generation inquiry, and the Greens welcome many of these recommendations, especially the recommendation that a fair price for rooftop solar energy should include consideration of its contribution to offsetting climate change. But we do not feel that this bill does it in a way that includes a truly fair mechanism for achieving this. The Greens will be supporting the bill, but, as with a lot of the bills that this government is bringing forward on climate change and renewable energy, we do need to go a lot further than this bill does. Put simply, the current regulations governing rooftop solar do not look after the interests of everyday Victorian households. Instead they protect the big power companies and their monopoly over our energy market.
On 1 January this year people with solar panels were hit by a 20 per cent cut to the amount that they are paid for the energy they feed back into the grid, and it is about to get worse for those households. Next January there will be an even bigger cut. According to a report commissioned by the Total Environment Centre, over 67 000 households will be affected by the closure of the Victorian transitional feed-in tariff at the end of 2016. Currently these households are being paid a minimum of 25 cents per kilowatt hour for the excess solar electricity they feed from their solar panels back into the grid. As of 1 January 2017, this will drop to between 5 cents and 7 cents per kilowatt hour, which does not seem to be very fair. A fair feed-in tariff for solar power would be the same amount that it costs to buy the energy from an electricity company — a one-for-one unit price. Otherwise what happens is power companies can buy a household's excess solar energy for between 5 cents and 7 cents and sell it to their next-door neighbour for the retail price, which might be around 25 cents.
A feed-in tariff should really be set at what a small-scale generator such as a household could make by selling power to a neighbour after allowing for the cost of independent supplier infrastructure or the marginal cost use of the network. The household has done the hard work to stump up the capital to buy the solar panels. It has saved our community money by not needing extra grid infrastructure, as the power just goes straight to the neighbour from the household. It uses very little grid infrastructure and has also made a contribution to mitigating climate change. So why should an energy company be the one to make a huge profit from this household's investment, and why should the household be forced to pay huge amounts for grid infrastructure, which we know has been overinvested in in many places?
Why is the government proposing this approach? Currently the discussion on feed-in tariffs has been held within the context of the existing energy market structure and rules created from the perspective of the existing energy supply industry. This has led to a debate about the appropriate level of a feed-in tariff which reflects its impact on costs within the existing market framework. But the present electricity market is actually distorted in many ways, so this is really not the way that we should be looking at feed-in tariffs.
In the present electricity market the electricity network operators have monopoly power, and this distorts the role of distributed energy systems. Unfortunately this bill does not adequately deal with this distortion. It actually upholds the status quo. This status quo is really only of benefit to the big energy companies; it is not of benefit to consumers and certainly not of benefit to our climate. If we do want to get serious about tackling climate change, we should be striving to reward and incentivise people who install solar power on their roofs as much as we can here in Victoria. This is especially true given that we know that the people who have put solar panels on their homes often live in rural, regional and outer suburban areas. We also know that these households are not in the high income brackets. Typically solar owners earn less than the average Australian household. So the last thing we should be doing to households on limited incomes in regional areas that have taken the initiative to invest in clean energy for their communities is to rip them off. The changes proposed in this bill may provide some modest gains for some solar energy owners, but they also demonstrate the need for a fairer reflection of the benefits that rooftop solar brings to our electricity grid because it will mean that it is not of benefit to a lot of households.
Household rooftop solar provides cheaper, cleaner and more efficient energy, and coupled with battery storage rooftop solar it would also provide a decentralised supplier for Victoria. This is what we should be moving towards because it has broader societal benefits such as energy security, particularly in areas that are prone to bushfires. What we need to do in Victoria is to step back and start thinking about the systemic change that we want to our energy markets. This systemic change must result in people being able to take more control of their energy creation and their energy consumption.
Such a change must mean that people are incentivised to contribute to clean energy, which they want to do.
Thirdly, we need to make changes that mean our grid is robust and smart enough to deal with not only extreme weather events, which are becoming more prevalent with climate change, but also with the coming clean energy transformation, which is inevitable.
Thousands of people have written to the Greens and to my office upset that their feed-in tariffs were cut last January and will be cut again this coming January. I know this government talks a big game on renewables. They are very keen to advertise their modest investment in renewable energy projects, particularly in marginal seats and particularly in Greens marginal seats. There is no doubt that they have done some good things — and I commend the minister on that — such as looking into how to incentivise community-owned energy and partly rolling back the restrictions put in place by the previous coalition government on wind farms, although that did not go as far as we would have liked.
The government has also introduced a Victorian renewable energy target, which is great, but I would note that that was after a strong campaign from the Greens and community groups like Yes2Renewables. These are good steps, and they are good steps in the right direction, but if we truly want to mitigate climate change, small steps are simply not enough. We must take giant leaps. We are fast running out of time. Perhaps we may have already run out of time to avoid the very worst impacts of climate change. After this speech I will be attending a briefing hosted by Environment Victoria and a member of the government, talking about the latest science on climate change. I hope that everyone from the government attends that climate science briefing to learn what we need to do to avoid the worst impacts of climate change.
Here in Victoria we have some of the worst culprits in the entire world when it comes to creating climate change. That is largely due to our huge emissions-intensive brown coal industry. If we have any hope of avoiding dangerous climate change, we need a comprehensive plan to phase out coal, to phase it out quickly and to phase it out in a way that actually supports communities through that transition and does not leave them on the scrap heap at the last minute. We have places like Sunraysia, which is where I grew up, that have more sun than the Sunshine Coast. If Germany can incentivise rooftop solar in their cold, cloudy country, why is it that we cannot?
It is time for us to look at this issue differently instead of just trying to make small changes, such as a couple of cents to the feed-in tariff within the existing energy market rules and regulations, which are outdated. We actually need to look at how to truly reform our energy market at a state level. We need to show leadership and advocacy at a federal level as well. We need to seriously look at how solar is incentivised in this state as part of that. Unfortunately this bill does not go far enough in those directions, but I hope that the government will bring forward more bills before it is too late to look at some of the concerns that I have raised.


Informed by his research, Pauly is a rare defender of the insurance industry in academia. I recall attending a class by Pauly a few years ago. Two things struck me about the soft-spoken economist. The first was his reluctance to prescribe solutions without explaining the tradeoffs. Pauly is unlikely to appeal to demagogues or policy makers seeking inexpensive balms for complex problems. The second was his penchant for stating the counterintuitive. I met Pauly on a rainy day in Philadelphia in the Library Bar at the Inn at Penn. I remembered from my class how painful ignorance can be when speaking to Pauly. So, I read up as much as I could during the New Year's weekend. It didn't help much. I was still beseeched by facts unbeknownst to me.
MVP: Let's back up. The lemons problem, described by George Akerloff, is related to the used car market because of asymmetric information. The sellers know more about the quality of the car than the buyers, and because of that the buyers will underprice the high quality cars, which the sellers will remove because they're underpriced, and the market will be full of low quality cars. The analogy with healthcare is partial. Buyers of health insurance do know more about their health status than sellers – to be clear, this is relevant in the individual market (IM), not employer sponsored insurance (ESI). Regardless, asymmetric information is not unique to healthcare. For example, drivers know much more about their driving abilities than sellers of car insurance. The insurance for automobile collision hasn't gone into a death spiral.
However, the information can be symmetric. The sellers of health insurance can roughly risk rate the buyers by asking questions about their health, recent visits to doctors, family history and tobacco and alcohol use. What historically led to adverse selection – the sick disproportionately purchasing health insurance – wasn't the lemons problem per se but that insurers weren't allowed to risk rate.
SJ: That's an early counterintuitive fact. What you're saying is that community rating – charging everyone the same premium regardless of their risk is what led to adverse selection. If I may restate, community rating made it more likely that sick, rather than healthy people, purchased insurance. Or to put it bluntly, the prescription to prevent adverse selection caused adverse selection. This was a policy own goal. I must admit it doesn't make sense.
MVP: The reason it doesn't make sense is because we forget there are tradeoffs. So, when you prevent the insurer from risk rating what do they do?
SJ: They raise the premiums for everyone to compensate.
MVP: What effect does that have?
SJ: It makes insurance more expensive for the healthy.
MVP: Sure, but what effect does that have?
SJ: The healthy are less likely to buy insurance.
MVP: Right. And not just that, people with co-morbidities are more likely to buy insurance. You can see that community rating entices the high-risk and discourages the low-risk. What's that called?
MVP: And in the IM, it's more significant than people think. We found that when insurers changed to community rating, while the probability that the high-risk were covered increased, it was overwhelmed by the probability that the low-risk, the healthy, didn't buy insurance. This is not good for the IM. Another example I have – one of my PhD students has studied the Medigap insurance. She found that adverse selection is greater when there's community rating than risk rating.
Insurers are good at risk rating. The only thing they miss is when a couple is planning to start a family. As you can imagine, the intent for pregnancy can't be captured in a questionnaire – you can plausibly deny it. Aside from that, insurers can adequately risk rate – so the lemons problem in healthcare is contrived.
SJ: I can see how one can be poetic with the truth with pregnancy. But this does mean that you endorse risk rating. This means that the sick pay more, a lot more. My residual liberal sentiments can't abide that. What's your prescription so that the high-risk aren't financially fleeced?
MVP: If insurers are permitted to risk rate, the premiums for the healthy will fall and more healthy people will voluntarily buy insurance – let's agree that's a healthy outcome. The premiums for the high-risk will surely rise. My proposal– let the insurers risk rate but let us subsidize the premiums for the high-risk.
Money must come from somewhere. What is happening now is that the low-risk are subsidizing the high-risk. Make no mistake – this is a transfer of wealth, but not a very equitable transfer of wealth. In essence, community rating is an excise tax on the low-risk.
SJ: You just used the "T" word which, politically, is more offensive than the "F" word. It seems that you don't want the high-risk to be thrown under the bus. What you're suggesting is that the high-risk should be subsidized explicitly by general taxation.
MVP: Taxation is a political problem. Politicians favor hidden taxes over explicit taxes – excise tax on the low-risk, imposed by community rating, is not counted as tax and does not show up on the budget. Even the low-risks are likely to blame the insurers, not the regulators, for the high premiums. The high-risk should be helped by general taxes. The market can't function without taxation of some form.
SJ: A related question – how significant is the problem of high-risk purchasing insurance in the individual market?
MVP: The numbers quoted about the prevalence of high-risk vary and some say it's as low as 1 %, but I believe a more correct number is 4 %.
SJ: Many believe that the problem of pre-existing conditions is much higher – around 30 %.
MVP: Most people can't be "high-risk", most must be average or below-average risk, unless the country is a perverse Lake Wobegon, where everyone is above-average. This is common sense. In fact, the distribution of risk is skewed to the right, meaning that the average is driven by relatively few high-risks. The probability that someone becomes high-risk precisely when they buy insurance should be even lower than the prevalence of the high-risk – this is simple probability. Yes, we are still talking about many thousands of people and we must help these people, but you do not need drastic changes in the market and heavy regulations to help this small group. Specialized interventions targeted at the small minority of high-risk would be more efficient, more transparent and more feasible.
SJ: Does what you've just said not contradict the 80:20 rule – that 80 % of healthcare costs are incurred by 20 % of people? Surely, the high-risk must be at least 20 %.
MVP: Ok, I can see the confusion.
Let's first define "risk" in insurance parlance. Risk is the expected medical spending. High-risk have a higher expected medical spending and the low-risk have a lower expected medical spending.
The confusion lies in the definition of high-risk. By high-risk, I do not mean low-risk people who have a medical event and then become a higher risk. I mean people who are high-risk when they first purchase insurance – the former is far more common than the latter and is often mistaken for the latter.
Though there are some real cases where insurers misbehave with the low-risk who become high-risk, by dropping coverage, this problem has been exaggerated and can be easily mitigated by guaranteed renewability, which was a common feature in the IM even before it became mandated by regulations.
Thus, the common misunderstanding leads to confusion about the 80-20 rule which is that 80 % of healthcare spending is on 20 % of the population. We confuse this for the magnitude of the problem of the high-risk. Rather, this number refers to the spending distribution of the low-risk who become high-risk in their lifetime. It's important to maintain this distinction. The major purpose of insurance is financial protection for uncertain events – i.e. the low-risk turning to high-risk. Insurance achieves this by pooling risk, and pooling risk means pooling the people who have similar risks of an uncertain future. Pooling risk pools the unknown. Pooling risk does not work if you pool people with a known future (high-risk) with people with an uncertain future (low-risk).
To emphasize, there are truly more low-risks and fewer high-risks than suggested by the 80-20 rule. This rule merely tells you that even if you start off with a group of people with same (low) risk, the future spending is unevenly distributed.
SJ: This is a very nuanced distinction and I can see how unfettered zeal can conflate the two groups of risk. If I may summarize. What you're saying is that the market should be allowed to work with risk – the known unknowns (to borrow a Rumsfeldian aphorism) – and the government should help with certainty, the high risk, the known knowns.
I'm going to bring up another point you mentioned in our class, something which stuck with me – see I was paying attention! You said that one of the reasons entities don't discriminate, and I think you were quoting Milton Friedman, is that the costs of obtaining information to discriminate are so prohibitive that the benefits of discrimination aren't worth the transaction costs of getting the information to discriminate. Surely, the insurers can't actuarially price (perfectly risk rate) the high-risk even if they wanted to.
MVP: No they can't perfectly risk rate, that's correct. I did a study with David Asch where we asked insurers if they would use genetic information if available. Most said they won't. Why do you think that is?
SJ: Well, it's not from the goodness of their hearts. I suspect the added information has diminishing returns.
MVP: That's certainly one reason. Insurers don't feel that genetic information adds much more to family history, and it's easy getting family history. The other reason is that insurers feel that if they mandated genetic testing, people would be even less inclined to buy insurance. Remember, insurers need people buying insurance to survive.
SJ: So, in the individual market there's a tradeoff between healthy voluntarily buying insurance and community rating?
MVP: Yes, there's a tradeoff – community rating in the individual market increased premiums making it less likely that healthy purchased insurance, and more likely that the high-risk bought insurance, but the net effect, and this has been empirically shown repeatedly, is that the net uninsured increased.
Once you started community ratings you ran into other problems. Insurers avoided or underserved high-risks. Insurers tried gaming the system with clever insurance design and regulators responded with more regulations. Rules were put in place to risk-adjust revenues insurers collected. Risk adjustments are imperfect. One bad policy led to several regulations.
SJ: This sounds like some game theory going on, like a game of chicken, or something, between insurers and regulators. And we threw bad regulations to chase bad regulations.
You once said that blaming the individual market for high premiums is like blaming Cinderella for poor fashion. Two questions. Why, other than community rating, is the premium so high in the individual market? And does that mean ESI is one of the ugly stepsisters?
MVP: The premiums are high for many reasons. The administrative costs in the individual market are high. I did the calculations once. The administrative costs, as a percentage of claims, are 27 % for group size of 1-20, 12 % for group size of 100-500 and 4-6 % for group size exceeding 10, 000. This is partly because the selling costs for insurance in the individual market are high.
But taking the Cinderella analogy further, the ESI is like a spoilt stepsister because of the tax subsidies. My wife and I receive a tax subsidy of $10, 000, and my administrative assistant, in a much lower income bracket, doesn't have the same luxury. This is moral inversion. The tax subsidy for ESI is regressive taxation. The individual market can't compete with that.
Although politically unpopular, the tax subsidies of the ESI should be abolished to level the playing field. I think it'll make some people choose insurance from the individual market, but overall I don't think the ESI will be destabilized.
SJ: Continuing with the Cinderella analogy, Cinderella had many redeeming qualities (not related to fashion). Does the individual market have redeeming qualities?
MVP: First, I must emphasize that the markets for insurance for non-poor are easy to mess up.
SJ: Can you expand on the second point?
MVP: "Risk reclassification" is when the low-risk have an unexpected medical event changing their risk profile. What then happens is that the insurer drops coverage or raises their premium. The risk of risk reclassification is when there is annual risk-rating of health insurance. Fortunately, most insurers in the individual market before the ACA avoided this problem by "guaranteed renewability" where the insurer didn't raise the premiums of people who started and remained with the individual market so long, as they kept paying their premiums.
Paradoxically, those at-risk of risk reclassification were people who lost their employer-based coverage and moved to the individual market as high-risks. Even more paradoxically, it was the insurers in the individual market who were blamed for not picking up the slack, rather than the job-based insurers for creating the slack.
The knee jerk policy reaction to risk-reclassification has been community rating which, as I've alluded to, is the worst possible way to do a good thing. A better policy prescription, which I believe is in the Ryan plan, is to allow people who leave the employer market to the individual market, to carry their premiums with them.
Online Rankings For Hospital Executives?
You mean a person living in a $1,000,000 home and has tax free bonds as his only source of income should be subsidized by a working family?
Hayek might say that is OK to an extent as long as it doesn't significantly interfere with the free marketplace (the least interference).
I've always thought the solution for the individual insurance market (pre-ACA) was for Wharton Professors (and members of congress too) to have to buy their insurance in it. Pauly once made a statement that individual insurance worked fine other than for 20% of the people in it — he didn't point out that they were the ones who needed it….
How much less in percentage terms did the 55-64 year old age group pay under your subsidized approach than they would have paid with full age rating? Just curious about how far you could go without pushing the young, healthy folks away..
Can you share some evidence for the above claim?
What would be the administrative costs for a group size of say… I don't know… 300 million or so?
A while ago (over 20 years) I was on the Board of a Blue that operated with only 7% admin…..they have raised that now up to around 12%. They like to travel by company plane now and they like to fund all kinds of "do good" programs. And they have little or no competitive pressure to reduce the admin take because they have market share approaching 70%. Also, as Jim Purcell has noted….the politicians of the served cities and towns like to have jobs and rented offices….so the pressure on the insurance execs is NOT to cut expenses.
Seeing as experience rating with hi risk pools adequately funded from general tax revenues serves more as a theoretical ideal (I think that's the message), is what we have now second best? I sense you find community rating unacceptable, period.
Moreover, is the use of hidden over explicit taxation, an issue more rooted in politics than policy, the real barrier to getting where you want to go?
I hope the above article explains your confusion about high risk patients and risk management along with the magnitude of high risk. It even tells you where the blame lies when there is risk reclassification in job-based insurers.
You seem to magnify high risk costs that are not affordable to the patient ending up severely damaging those low risk persons that become high risk while insured.


You stand to gain by learning more about web page design now. If you are interested in this topic then you should definitely read. The following advice can help make it easier for you to become a pro at web page design.
Look at the site in many different browsers. What you're seeing on your end may not be what others are seeing on other browsers. Research all the different browsers and design accordingly. You should also check your site to someone that's using a variety of different operating system so you can see that their browser is compatible with yours.
This will reduce visitor confusion and search engine crawlers.
In the 1990s, many designers used frames when creating their websites. Don't do that. While frames were helpful in the field of web design back then, they were also problematic. Visitors are bookmark junkies and frames make that task extremely difficult and a simple scroll an annoying effort. Use other ways to make your site easier to navigate instead.
Understand what you want your purpose is.If you are using the site for blogs, you need to have a firm grasp of your subject matter. You can lose your readers if you give them false or unclear information. Knowing your subject is important when having a good blog.
Use Photoshop to create stellar websites. If you don't use such a program, you may find that it will take you a long time to be able to gain the knowledge needed to make a nice website.
Make user needs are a priority. This includes user experience, level of usability, accessibility, and experience of the user. These are essential elements you must factor in. Try looking at the websites from your visitor's perspective when you design.
Your website needs to function properly for visitors who use any kind of browser, so be sure to test out your site for browser compatibility. Your content may show up fine in Internet Explorer, but it may be unreadable or badly displayed in Chrome, Firefox or Safari. Prior to going live with your website, see how your pages look on every popular browser.
Navigation links are very important for visitors to stay on your site. You must build a site that is neat and clean and easy navigation to create the right experience.
Hosting your own site is not be a good choice. Design as much as you can yourself, but have someone else host it, allowing you to work on other things.
Your site should be able to be scanned easily. Studies have shown that people usually quickly scan a website rather than thoroughly read it over, as they try to find the stuff that might be interesting to them. That's why it is smart to break your information into smaller, more easily comprehended chunks. Keep the most pertinent information near the top of the page. This all leads to an experience that is more satisfying to your visitors as they can always find what they are looking for quickly and easily.
When you are choosing a website hosting service, do your research and be 100% sure of what is included within the cost. You need to know about disk space, disk space, CPU usage, and any other items that are part of the package price. Find out exactly what you make a decision.
Keep in mind that everyone visiting your content.
Try to manage your time wisely when you build websites to get work completed on time. If you procrastinate, all these tasks can pile up and overwhelm you.
This is quite helpful if you're operating a forum or a forum. The best web designers are consistently removing trash from their sites to improve visitor experience.
Learn from different people to expand your knowledge of website development. You want to do this so that you can create a website of any type for just about anyone.
Try to avoid using Flash when developing your website. Flash can slow down visitors' computers, but some visitors will have a poor experience if their machine or connection is not capable of handling the resources being passed to them. In addition, some tablets and cell phones are not Flash-enabled, which can negatively impact your site experience for them.
To help design an attractive looking website, use interesting photos that you have taken. Having pictures on your website gives off a more user-friendly approach to your site. The visitors will want to stay on your site for a longer period of time.
Now you can understand that designing websites is a viable income source, as long as you do your homework. Continue to grow your knowledge for best success.
You will soon be an expert on social sites toronto. Use all of this information to help you understand that this does not have to be a difficult topic. Take things one day at a time and you'll soon find success.


Self-care can be really nice. It leaves you feeling relaxed, happy and in an overall better mindset. But what happens when those feelings disappear almost as soon as they come? Here's something you may not know: all the self-care in the world won't work if you don't also practice self-love. And yes, there is a huge difference between the two. Learning to love yourself is a difficult journey that requires you to get deep down to the root of the problem and put in a lot of work to help fix it.
I'm going to get personal here and share a little of my own experience. Because I may have family/friends who read this blog, I want to make a disclaimer before I do: what I'm about to say is MY truth and I am allowed to speak it. If that creates a problem for you, maybe you should sit this blog post out. Okay, moving on.
I was one of those people who would only feel the happiest when I was practicing self-care. Not before, not after. I was constantly beating myself up over my looks, my ability to do things, my parenting, etc. I doubted that my husband, or my kids, or anyone loved me because who could ever love me? I was this or that…or I wasn't this or that. Never enough, never satisfied with myself, never perfect.
Until I sat down and started wondering why I was SO self-deprecating. It was a serious issue. The more I reflected, the more I realized my childhood and the relationship I had with my mom directly affected how I thought about myself. My mom wasn't your typical hands on, lovey dovey, involved mom. I always sought her approval thinking it would make her love me and when that didn't work I rebelled thinking I would get her love that way. I was stuck in this cycle of trying to improve myself to be loveable. So duh, how could I love myself if I was doing that?!
I choose not to blame my mom because I 100% believe that you are in charge of you and how you deal with the things that happen to you. And my story is proof of that. Figuring out what was affecting me was like the missing piece to the puzzle and now that I knew I could start trying to build myself up. There's no one size fits all when it comes to learning to love yourself. The bad habits are tough to break and it requires so much effort but the reward is satisfying. Keep reading for some general steps that worked for me and can easily fit into your own self-love routine.
Recognize how unique you are.
Sometimes it is difficult for us to look at all the good things about ourselves because we are more focused on our problems and our insecurities. Write down all the things that make you feel good about yourself and keep it tucked away. Seeing the physical list and it's growth will remind you of your magic and make it learning to love yourself that much easier.
Drown out that negative inner voice.
Every time that little voice inside your head tells you you're not enough, counter it with "Actually, I am enough. I am worthy. I can do this." You may not believe it at first but eventually that pesky inner voice will be so quiet, you won't be able to hear it anymore.
Earlier I said that I choose not to blame my mom for how she treated me growing up. It was one of the hardest decisions to make but once I accepted that I couldn't change the past, I was able to be in a better space mentally and emotionally. Holding on to the past weighs us down and blocks us from loving ourselves fully. When all that weight is lifted off of you, you have more room to really shine and be who you want to be.
Take some time to make your soul happy by doing something you're good at. When you're doing something you're good at, it gives you a major confidence boost. Tell yourself how proud you are and how great what you did was. Praising yourself is great practice for squashing that inner voice we talked about earlier.
Energy transfers, both negative and positive. Ironically, self-love isn't just about the love you give yourself. It's also about the love you surround yourself with. Having positive people around you who genuinely love and care about you will help you be positive too. It also makes it safe to reach out and get support when you're being hard on yourself.


text:
Preventing the spread of malaria
Tuesday, Dec 17, 2019, 01:15 AM | Source: Pursuit
By Justin Boddey, Brad Sleebs
Associate Professor Justin Boddey, Dr Brad Sleebs and Professor Vicky Avery
The malaria parasite is a mutation expert.
This enables it to become resistant to all known antimalarial treatments. So far, the only option has been controlling the mosquito populations that spread the parasite between humans.
Plasmodium falciparum is the most lethal of all malaria parasites. Picture: Getty Images
Riding in the salivary glands of pregnant mosquitoes, the Plasmodium falciparum parasite is injected into our skin when we are bitten.
From there the parasite undergoes a series of transformations – adapting to grow in liver tissue where it adjusts to avoid our immune systems by invading and growing in our red blood cells, which eventually burst, spreading even more parasites.
If a victim is bitten by another mosquito, that mosquito will become infectious and the cycle goes on and on.
What malaria can tell us about 'switching off' diseases like HIV
But researchers have developed small molecule compounds that stop the parasite itself from being spread by mosquitoes.
The malaria parasite only develops male and female forms, the so-called gametocytes, once inside the human body, but these don't fertilise until they are in a mosquito's stomach.
What the new study shows is that compounds can block a key enzyme that the parasite needs to develop into gametocytes. And without gametocytes the parasite will simply be digested in the mosquito's stomach and die there, preventing it from infecting the insect in the first place.
Published today in Cell Reports, researchers at the University of Melbourne and Walter and Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI), in collaboration with Griffith University in Queensland, have developed small molecule compounds that acts as an "inhibitor", knocking out the plasmepsin V enzyme, without which the gametocytes dies.
Compounds can block a key enzyme the parasite needs to develop into gametocytes. Picture: Qike Wang and Julie Healer/ WEHI
Associate Professor Justin Boddey from WEHI and the University of Melbourne says the discovery breaks new ground towards helping malaria elimination.
"It's exciting to find that our inhibitors can target plasmepsin V in gametocytes and block transmission to the mosquito from occurring," he says.
"Blocking the parasite from transmitting itself to mosquitoes is important for developing preventative therapies that stop the spread of disease."
The genes that turn malaria into a killer
More than half a million people die from malaria every year. Plasmodium falciparum – the most lethal of all malaria parasites – is responsible for 90 per cent of infection cases and deaths.
In Africa – which accounts for 94 per cent of malaria deaths – P. falciparum is responsible for 99.7 per cent of malaria infections.
New preventions and treatments are required that act across different stages of the malaria parasite's complicated lifecycle – liver, blood and gametocyte - the final transmission step back to the mosquito.
Using high-containment facilities at WEHI, researchers bred malaria mosquitoes and were able to study how gametocytes transmit from human blood to mosquito.
More than half a million people die from malaria every year. Picture: Malaria Consortium
They used gametocyte-specific fluorescent 'tags' to observe how gametocytes hijack their host cell and develop inside by exporting effector proteins.
It was this technique that enabled them to identify the critical role played by plasmepsin V in gametocytes.
This highlighted the key part that plasmepsin V plays in export of gametocyte proteins and malaria parasite transmission, making this protease an effective drug target for killing the malaria parasite in both the asexual blood stage of its lifecycle, which is when malaria symptoms – fever, chills, muscle pain and nausea – occur, and in gametocytes that spread disease via mosquitoes.
Using bacteria to control mosquitoes
In collaboration with Professor Vicky Avery at Griffith University, the team used plasmepsin V inhibitors developed in 2015 to show that an optimal concentration killed young gametocytes.
However, a lower dose that allowed gametocytes to completely develop still blocked infection of mosquitoes at the WEHI Insectary.
"This shows that plasmepsin V is a target for transmission-blocking drugs," says Associate Professor Boddey.
Double whammy for disease
WEHI and University of Melbourne chemical biologist Dr Brad Sleebs, who was involved in both the current and previous studies, says the enzyme was proving to be an ideal drug target because of its importance for parasite survival at different stages of the malaria lifecycle.
An infected mosquito feeding on human blood vessels through the skin. Picture: WEHI
"It's encouraging to observe inhibitors that target plasmepsin V are effective against both the asexual blood and sexual transmission stages of the parasite's lifecycle," he says.
"Our research demonstrates that an antimalarial treatment targeting plasmepsin V has potential, not only in treatment of the disease, but also as a preventative population control measure."
Associate Professor Boddey says the research had been a great example of how basic and translational knowledge was established from new studies building on the last.
Waiting for the Tiger mosquito
"It's been a rewarding journey from identifying the function of plasmepsin V, to developing inhibitors that block it and kill asexual malaria parasites, to now validating this enzyme's dual function as an effective blood stage and transmission-blocking drug target," he says.
Sights set on the final pillar
Researchers are now turning their attention to the role of plasmepsin V in the remaining pillar of the malaria lifecycle: the liver stage.
"Our aim is to assess plasmepsin V as a multi-stage drug target for treating, as well as preventing, the spread of malaria; and to understand the unique biology occurring during liver infection," says Associate Professor Boddey.
Researchers studied how gametocytes transmit from human blood to mosquito. Picture: UNICEF
Researchers are collaborating with pharmaceutical company Merck and the Wellcome Trust to develop drugs targeting plasmepsin V in multiple parasite species.
This research was supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, the CASS Foundation and the Victorian Government.
Banner: Shutterstock
Justin Boddey Medical Biology (W.E.H.I.)
Brad Sleebs Veterinary Biosciences


text:
<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Models\Level;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Auth;
use App\Http\Requests;

class LevelController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * LevelController constructor.
     */
    public function __construct()
    {
        //$this->middleware('permission:manage.levels', ['except' => ['index','show']]);
    }

    /**
     * Display a listing of the resource.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function index()
    {
        $levels = Level::with('author')->get();
        return response()->success(compact('levels'));
    }

    public function LevelPoints(){
      $mapee = Level::with(['points','author','points.icon','points.icon.image'])->get();
      return response()->success(compact('mapee'));
    }

    /**
     * Show the form for creating a new resource.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function create()
    {
        //
    }

    /**
     * Store a newly created resource in storage.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $this->validate($request,Level::rules());
        $obj = new Level();
        $obj->title = $request->title;
        $obj->description = $request->description;
        $obj->level_start = $request->level_start;
        $obj->level_end = $request->level_end;
        $obj->type = $request->type;
        $obj->user_id = Auth::user()->id;
        $obj->save();
        return response()->success(compact('obj'));
    }

    /**
     * Display the specified resource.
     *
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function show($id)
    {
        $obj = Level::with('author')->find($id);
        $obj->audit = $this->logs($obj->logs);
        unset($obj->logs);
        return response()->success($obj);
    }

    /**
     * Show the form for editing the specified resource.
     *
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function edit($id)
    {
        //
    }

    /**
     * Update the specified resource in storage.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function update(Request $request, $id)
    {
        $obj = Level::find($id);
        $this->validate($request,Level::rules());
        $obj->title = $request->title;
        $obj->description = $request->description;
        $obj->description = $request->description;
        $obj->level_start = $request->level_start;
        $obj->level_end = $request->level_end;
        $obj->user_id = $request->user_id;
        $obj->save();
        $obj = Level::with('author')->find($id);
        $obj->audit = $this->logs($obj->logs);
        unset($obj->logs);
        return response()->success($obj);
    }

    /**
     * Remove the specified resource from storage.
     *
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function destroy($id)
    {
        Level::destroy($id);

        return response()->success('success');
    }
}


text:
Questa voce raccoglie le informazioni riguardanti la  Società Ginnastica Andrea Doria - Sezione Pallanuoto nelle competizioni ufficiali della stagione 1922.

Stagione
Nella stagione 1922 l'Andrea Doria ottenne il suo secondo titolo consecutivo, battendo nuovamente nella finale la Partenope.

Rosa

Risultati

Campionato

Bibliografia

 Maria Carla Italia, S.G. Andrea Doria. Cent'anni di sport, Pirella editore, 1995

Stagione 1922 delle squadre di pallanuoto

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A pet is pouring back, especially to cast up partially digested food. Regurgitating food is characterized by the expulsion of undigested food without retching. It can occur in both dogs and cats when the esophagus is blocked or lacks peristaltic activity. Food will then accumulate until the esophagus cannot hold anymore, which will cause regurgitation. Regurgitating food can be caused by such issues as megaesophagus, tumors or other blockages, stricture, or aspiration pneumonia.
Regurgitating food occurs when a pet expels partially digested content from their stomach or upper small intestine without retching. Content can be in the form of food, foreign objects, a yellowish fluid or foam.


Last week Swindon Borough Council's Highways team closed the Wellington Street footpath so the entire length was able to be excavated. Tactile paving and granite have been installed along Milford Street and a new kerb installed along Wellington Street.
Once the project is complete, cyclists, pedestrians and motorists will have a much safer and more pleasurable experience as they move between the railway station and town centre.


We are pleased to present the group show "Je est un autre", featuring works by the six contemporary artists Heike Aumüller, Uwe Henneken, Jamie Isenstein, Eva Kotatkova, Ján Mancusca and Jonathan Monk who work in different media with a surrealist appropriation of figuration. Painting, installation art, film and performance included in the exhibition will be further complimented by a concert by the group Kammerflimmer Kollektief (Heike Aumüller, Johannes Frisch and Thomas Weber) which will occur in our gallery space on Friday, the 25.9.2009 at 8 pm. Parallel to this exhibition we will be presenting two further artistic stances at our fair stand at the Art Forum Berlin: Daniel Roth and Ján Mančuška, whose assemblage-like installation pieces there fall into line with the concept of the group show. This open curatorial form allows correlations among the featured positions that shift between visual arts, music and film to develop, and guarantees freedom beyond the specific medium for an encounter with each of the very individual formal languages.
Based on self-reflection, the pieces that are juxtaposed within the show deal with perception, formation and breakage of identity, sometimes in a humorous way. The title "Je est un autre" leads back to a letter written in the year 1871 by the poet Arthur Rimbaud addressed to the littérateur Paul Demeny, wherein Rimbaud discloses his idea of the new function of the poet as a creator, magician and seer. The phrase drafted in this letter "Car je est un autre – For I is another" characterises his concept of a self through the dissolution of all senses, a magnitude composed of fragments, which resembles an oscillation between form and formlessness. Arthur Rimbaud sees this shattered self embodied in poetic articulation as a melodic-rhythmic scoring of thought, which – as an overcoming of a self-image cleaving to the merely physical – warrants the recognition of social reality.
Jamie Isenstein shows how the body itself can become a part and the object of an artistic work in her performance "Rug Rug Rug Rug Rug". Intermittently during the complete duration of the exhibition the artist lies face-down on a rug, for an amount of time defined by herself, her body covered with a series of animal skins – wolf, sheep, bear. Along the lines of Aesop´s fable "The Wolf in Sheep´s Clothing" or also in reference to the quote made popular by Thomas Hobbes "Homo Homini Lupus Est – Man is a wolf to man.", Isenstein not only caricatures the fluctuation of truth and deception in an outward gesture, she also simultaneously masks and demasks. With the addition of a sign reading "Will return" as is used to announce shop opening hours that proclaims the artist´s absence, Jamie Isenstein´s work shifts between performance, still life and sculpture.
The paintings by Uwe Henneken form a series of self-portraits ranging from figurative to abstract, in which he personifies himself through the appropriation of foreign poses and roles. The painter draws on cultural and political, literary and art-historical contexts, which serve him as fictive templates and synonyms and encompass a morphology of personality and history. The figures (such as the Schlemihl) that appear in an altered context, are cited – sometimes from his own paintings – and refer to innovators, outsiders or rebels who resist categorisation and were occupied with the constitution of imperial structures and the renunciation of limitations in an conceptual, idealising way. In the painting "Reite den Tiger", which refers to Julius Evola´s book "Cavalcare la Tigre – Ride the Tiger", Henneken not only transforms the metaphor inherent to the book for a model of thought that disregards the self, but also counteracts the ambivalent thought structure of the anti-modernist Dadaist Evola as an antagonism of the self.
The drawing-, sculpture-, and performance-based "House Arrest" piece by the artist Eva Kotatkova handles possible forms of self-cognition: In testing and performing diffuse poses and gestures the artist generated a series of objects - enhanced by sketches – which developed into surrealist apparatuses and installations. Books, furniture, as well as constructions out of wood and metal form a body of sculptural work, which react with an abundance of free-hanging caricatured drawings, conveying subtle instructions to the viewer. Kototkava exposes the self as a model-like husk that – girthed by the corset of her installation – questions a subject-affirmative positioning of the self.
While Rimbaud ascribes musical attributes to mere language, in Heike Aumüller´s video pieces "Absence" and "Blindlings" the acoustics of a wordless improvised action form the composition of the portrayed scene. The silently acting, usually masked protagonists – whose bodies serve as instruments for the respective sequence of action – do not let any individual traits become visible outside of the grotesque events. The interior in which Aumüller places the figures, however, is unique: The given field of view shows a temporarily appropriated room from which ultimately the partially improvised performance emerges, and that dissolves in its function as a stage after the implementation of an abstruse scene.