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The multiple threats of biometric technology at European borders
Michela Pugliese
Migration and Asylum Researcher at Euro-Med Monitor
@MichelaPuglies5
A woman passing biometric check at Eurostar passenger rail service linking the UK with Europe - (Photo: Business Wire)
16 Feb 2022 Europe
Biometric identifiers are measurable characteristics used to label individuals, covering a range of different physical, physiological, or behavioral elements linked to the body, from fingerprints, voice, face recognition and iris scan to DNA, earlobe, gait, vein patterns and even heart rhythm. These tools have the capacity to single out, target and track people everywhere they go, undermining several fundamental rights and basic freedoms and disproportionately affecting already discriminated groups, like unaccompanied children, women of color and all people on the move, adding an additional layer of harm.
The collection of biometric data has been primarily reserved for criminal residents, to prevent, detect and investigate terrorist or other serious criminal offences, but now it has increasingly become central in EU borders and migration management, reflecting the idea that migration and crime are the same phenomenon.
In 2016, the EU Commission proposed to enlarge the scope of Eurodac to regain control of migration flows to the EU with "stronger and smarter borders", mainly increasing automation at border-controls, facilitating the identification and deportation of undocumented migrants, allowing the collection of biometric data, and extending their storage period. With the 2020 New Pact on Migration and Asylum, the Commission made new proposals to amend the Eurodac Regulation, as well as the Screening Regulation and the Regulation on Asylum and Migration Management, making the collection of biometric data a mandatory step in the asylum procedures of Member States and lowering the age of migrants whose biometric data can be collected to children as young as six.
Currently, there is already an alarming surge in the use of biometric technologies all over Europe. Greece is planning a new program where the police would use hand-held devices to gather biometric information from people on a vast scale and cross-check it with police, immigration, and private sector databases, primarily for immigration purposes. In France, 73 out of 101 districts have started using a biometric system to identify migrants and determine their age, rather than the usual approach with a social worker, leading to the erroneous detention of numerous unaccompanied child migrants. Also in Spain, the government plans to invest 4.1 million euro in biometric technologies to build "smart borders" in the North African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla.
All the wide-ranging implications that the collection, storage and use of biometric data in the area of asylum and migration pose to migrants' fundamental rights are not fully known yet, but they include:
Incorrect data and discrimination. There is high trust in biometric precision but, as it relies on probability and algorithms, there is still a certain rate of false matches, inaccuracy, and biases. Two persons may have the same identity details in the IT system, such as name, date and place of birth, a person may have multiple registered identities due to data entry errors, transcription mistakes or weak civil registries in the country of origin. The accuracy of some biometric data, like fingerprints, is dependent on the age of the individual, and it is demonstrated that even the biometric resemblance between siblings or relatives has confused biometric systems. Some people may be unable to provide fingerprints due to their physical characteristics, such as injuries, disabilities, or health conditions, which are not recognized by the system. Other inaccuracies may depend on the data capture equipment itself or the environmental conditions, like the room luminosity or the sensor cleanliness. Moreover, facial recognition algorithms and biometric technologies have often shown gender and race biases, resulting to be less accurate for women and people of color than for white men. All these potential mistakes can be devastating for a person's asylum claim, placing an additional burden to prove he/she is not who the system identifies him/her to be.
Racial profiling. The untargeted and mandatory processing of biometric data for international protection will have a disproportionate impact on a group already subjected to structural racism, increased surveillance, and policing. It could exacerbate the risks of racial profiling, allowing the police to increasingly target and criminalize people based on their physical appearance or perceived nationality or ethnicity, and subject them to stops, detailed searches, identity checks and investigations without any objective reason. When used by law enforcement guards on already discriminated people, the experimental use of biometric surveillance technology can perpetuate an already dangerous and racist system, expanding and exacerbating police powers and abuses.
Lack of information and transparency. Biometric data at the EU's borders are usually obtained without the person's knowledge, consent, or free choice, as asylum seekers are often not fully informed of all aspects of the data processing and how these elements will influence their asylum claim or entry process. Normally biometric identifiers, recognized as "sensitive personal data" under the EU General Data Protection Regulation, require appropriate legal bases, additional guarantees, and impact assessments before the decision to collect and store them is taken. On the contrary, these IT systems operate outside public scrutiny, as the algorithms employed are not publicly available nor it is clear how they are reviewed, meaning that the data stored may be used for purposes which were not initially envisaged, in an experimental way.
Ri-victimization. The compulsory sharing of biometric and personal data in an increasingly opaque European asylum system may lead to particular risks for rejected asylum seekers upon return or for their families in the country of origin, from retaliation measures and criminal sanctions to persecution and even death. EU law generally prohibits IT systems from sharing information with third countries revealing that a person is an applicant for international protection but such safeguards are not always and systematically followed, instead they are typically shared for return purposes or interoperability.
Culture of disbelief. The idea at the core of biometrics is that the individual is not trusted. The self-identified existence, the narrative own by the person, are no longer enough, without an algorithm certifying the identification of the person and compressing it into a governmental-fit representation. In case of inaccurate data, difficulties in taking fingerprints or refusal to give personal details, an asylum seeker is easily suspected of trying to avoid the Dublin procedures or of hiding criminal acts, fueling misconceptions on a link between asylum, crime and even terrorism. Within these labels, migrants registered in the IT systems face more probabilities of being subjected to criminal investigations than ordinary citizens whose personal data is not collected and stored on a systematic basis.
Despite questionable claims at the EU-level that these technologies may improve identification, public security and family reunifications, any benefits will always be vastly outweighed by these and other risks, with little to no transparency. Eventually, the privacy, equality, non-discrimination, freedom to choose residence, and liberty of movement of people on the move will be even more curtailed.
The EU Commission is aware that to take fingerprints Member States have also resorted to violence and detention, as none of the legal instruments regulating the IT systems at the EU-level explicitly prohibit the use of such coercive measures. It is even aware that people seeking international protection may resort to self-harm and to destroy their fingerprints with acid or silicone to avoid being registered in Eurodac and transferred to an EU Member State in which they don't want to be. But instead of changing the Dublin Regulation that obstructs migrants' own desires and free choices on who to join, what to do and where to settle, the EU is tightening the whole Dublin package with technological "smarter" walls.
The suggestion of biometric identifiers moves from the universal principle that all individuals are equal, to an unacceptable concept of rights linked to racial profiling, engraved in the body, the face, the place of birth.
The most significant effect of collecting migrants' biometric is that irregular migration, including secondary movement to another EU Member State, is easier and faster to control and limit. The use of biometrics in border and migration management may reduce the invisibility of people migrating but only to make them more governable, to force them to return to the first country of entry, to identify unaccompanied children as adults, to detain them in case of inaccuracy or suspects, to share life-threatening data with their countries of origin. The EU Commission wants migrants to be seen, identified, and tracked, but only as deportable bodies.


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DEER PARK, Texas — A Texas man faces charges of child abandonment and endangerment after a photo of him on a motorcycle with a small child went viral on Facebook.
A phone tip eventually helped investigators identify Anthony Braddick Welsh, 31, as the motorcyclist. Welsh was arrested on Tuesday at his home on an outstanding traffic warrant.
Within days, investigators gathered enough evidence to file child endangerment charges against Welsh. However, this time, he was nowhere to be found.
The sheriff's office said numerous calls suggested Welsh had been hiding out at a friend's house. Welsh, accompanied by his attorney, surrendered himself to deputies on Thursday. He was jailed on a $5,000 bond.
"Under Texas law, no child under five (5) years old shall be a passenger on a motorcycle and any passenger that does ride as a second person on the motorcycle must be seated in a secured seat to the back of the motorcycle with secure hand grips and two foot pegs."


I left orienteering when I was 12. Without Colin, I probably would never have returned to Orienteering 15 years later. the sport has become my passion.
When I started orienteering in 1973 in Ontario, there were two giants in our sport – Sass Peepre and Colin Kirk. Sass unfortunately passed away a few years later, but Colin continued to make huge contributions to Canadian orienteering for more years than I can remember. He could be found at virtually every meet in eastern North America, but while he often competed, it was Colin's hilarious and salty story-telling that really stayed with you. His dedication to junior development in our sport, especially in the Ottawa area, was second to none. However, he was also a strong supporter of our little band of elite runners, and nothing thrilled him more than seeing how well they were performing on the world stage. I'm afraid that we've lost one of orienteering's genuine characters.
I will always remember the Thanksgiving weekend in Ottawa (before kids!)when Colin set out some flags in the Buckingham area for a couple of newbies from Toronto to train on. Bill & I enjoyed our day training in the forest and then we were treated to Colin's numerous stories of the early days. We laughed as he told us of orienteering map making "drive bys" and the black and white original maps they competed on. Colin was our history and our sport progressed because of his hard work. Rest in peace Colin!
Reading other people's memories of Colin, it is his stories, his passion and his memory for details stand out for everyone. I can't agree more!
When our family started orienteering, and we were ready to try thumb compasses, we were directed to Colin and his collection of Moscompasses that he always had on hand to sell to anyone who needed one. We bought one, then another then another then another, until all 5 of us had one.
In 2009 we headed out to Manitoba for the Canadian Champs. Colin couldn't make it out to the meet, and so we arranged with him to take his compasses and sell them on his behalf. After the first weekend we had sold out and so contacted Colin to send more for weekend number two. He did,and they sold too. And six months later we were setting up the O-Store. Thank you Colin, for believing in us, and for getting us started!
The Teutsch Family – Eric, Anne, Jeff, Alex, Laura.
Colin and my dad were always together at (and usually after!!) large O events in MB and elsewhere. As a young lad it would always be a thrill to listen to him tell stories in that Scottish accent. When I was 13 or so, about 3 of my O teammates from MB and myself stayed at his place in Ottawa and were treated to the show "Gregory's girl" which made us laugh. We had the run of the house for a couple days and didn't break any of his royal doulton so he was happy!
Unfortunately my parents were in Ottawa the day he passed away and were planning on seeing him the next day. Someone I will never forget.
Canadian Orienteering was very well respected internationally thanks to your work at home and abroad. Avid mapper, Junior development coach, mentor, official, clinician, raconteur. Your friends all over the world respected you, enjoyed your company and welcomed you and anyone associated with you. They were known as "The Canadian Club". You opened the doors for so many Canadians everywhere.
COF's phone bills were a hot topic at any COF board meeting but you had the answer to any question, a solution to any problem. The go to guy. Your maps were a challenge which is what we loved and kept us coming back for more. Your courses took us through some of Canada's most spectacular forests. Your stories entertained us long into the night.
I met Colin Kirk the first time when he was one of the organisers of the Canadian 5-days ol in 1976. The second time was when I was on an orienteering travel in Winnipeg after the WMOC in Minnesota (1998 ?). I remember him as a positive person with always a smile in his face. I will remember him like that.
Colin was a second Dad to me as a teenager. I spent so many weekends with him and the Loup Garou or Ontario juniors in a van, singing along to Simon and Garfunkel (Cecilia!) and Colin's favourite Jennifer Warnes/Leonard Cohen cover album. He may have called me sunshine but it was really Colin who put some sunshine in my life. I feel lucky to have had him in my life. I truly loved that man.
Colin opened up a whole new world to us as teenagers – from being agroup of athletes with perhaps more heart than talent, we were transformed, under his guidance and with his endless encouragement, into a team of budding "elite" athletes who competed under flashy sounding names like Ontario Junior O-Team and National Development Squad. Of course, we happily overlooked the fact that there were no other teenagers vying for spaces on these "elite" squads…..We had so much fun together. I remember him telling me I was ready to go off trail for the first time, and so at the age of 12 or 13 I bounded hopefully off trail in Gatineau Park, looking for a control. After 15 minutes of intense panic and turning myself around and around, I heard the happiest sound of my life (cars on the parkway), headed that way, stopped a car, and asked them if they knew where I might be! I loped back to the start where Colin gave me a hug and told me I would do better next time……I also remember him managing my fear of bears (I came face to face with one at a Lac Philippe Score-O, thankfully with my two sisters beside me, and ran so hard I tore my shoelaces half off and left part of my backside behind skinning down a cliff)…He used to tell me, "no, there are no bears on this map". In hindsight, I know that there definitely were bears on those maps – but I am glad he told me otherwise and that I trusted him that much! As I said to my kids last night, very tearfully, in toasting Colin – I wish for each of you a Colin in your lives.
I was shown a video of Colin doing a park event in my early teens. His easy way of explaining the sport (not to mention the great accent) inspired me to keep orienteering…which I do to this day. I had the privilege to meet him at my first COC event in Ottawa in 2000…a wonderful friend of Orienteering!
I knew Collin through my brother Alain when I was a teenager in Montreal. Colin and Alain were working buddies at IBM. Very quickly I also met Chris and Pam Skeene along with Gloria and John Charlow who dragged me into the sport. Collin was a total keener and had a hand in everything orienteering. My best moments were when he would take me with him to plan courses near Mount Orford. That is, he planned and I got lost in the rather thick forest up there. After a few episodes I improved and actually became useful. I met him often at meets after than as I moved from Montreal to Hamilton to Ottawa. The sport grew around him.
Most of us love this sport because of the challenge it offers to body and mind. But it also brings together all sort of dedicated people to keep it going. In the end, orienteering is a great sport in large part because there are, and were, some great people in it.
This past July 31st marked the 25th anniversary of the tornado that struck the eastern part of Edmonton. I remember that event well, since at the time the tornado struck I was in a van just east of there, travelling with Colin and several other juniors to participate in the meets leading up to that year's COCs. The torrential downpour and strong winds forced us to pull over and wait out the storm, since Colin could no longer see the road. Colin wasn't phased by any of this and he eventually got us to our destination, safe and sound with a good story to tell.
I was only 14 and I barely knew Colin the first time he took me to the COCs, along with his sons Jonathan and Christopher. Each year after that, he organized transportation and lodging for a growing group of young orienteerers, so we would all have a chance to travel and compete in Canada's biggest orienteering events. Beyond acting as coach and mentor, he went out of his way to ensure that we took in whatever sights there were to see along the way and those were some of the happiest days of my young life. I owe him a tremendous debt of gratitude for all of the life-changing experiences that I surely would not have had were it not for him.
Many of us met Colin as an older man with notoriously bad knees, but not many know that in his youth he was quite athletic. I believe he once ran a marathon under 2 ½ hours, in a time when running shoes could easily be mistaken for medieval torture devices. In spite of the chronic pain his knees caused him later in life, he tirelessly traipsed through the woods setting up courses so that others would have a chance to compete as he had, and I never heard him complain.
It saddens me that I did not have a chance to say goodbye and let him know just how much he did for me. I'm sure if I had, he would have shrugged it off anyway, and then entertained me with another story from his archives.
So thanks Colin, for all that you have done for us. We will remember you fondly.
I am Colin's grand-daughter, and it brings tears to my eyes with a smile on my face at the same time to know that my grandpa touched so many people's lives. I loved reading all your stories and memories about him :) it makes me so happy to know that he made a difference in so many people's lives, and so many people will remember him for all that he did for them :) he was such a great man, father, grandpa and great grandpa and he will be greatly missed by us all. I will miss his stories most of all. He always had something interesting to talk about and had some very interesting stories to tell :) I just wish he would have been around longer to be able to tell some stories to my two daughters, but I know that even though they won't remember him, I will continue to tell his stories to them both so that he lives on not only in my heart, but theirs as well.
The older I get the more I realize how lucky I was to have had Colin in my life. When I think back to my Loup Garou days it brings back memories of Captain Kirk at the helm of a large rental van full of teenagers. He not only brought us together as a group or "team" he also cared for us all as individuals making all of us feel special in some way.
I still remember meeting up with Colin in the middle of my first Canadians race in Brandon Manitoba, I think I was 15 years old at the time. I had been out for about an hour on the course and had managed to find 2 controls. With me on the verge of tears he put his arm around me and said that I was doing great and then proceeded to tell me that I should just do the course backwards and not tell anyone he said so :) I think I finished in just under 3 hours, the finish line had already been taken down but Colin (and Pippa) were still there to cheer me on.
I never really got much better at orienteering but due to Colin's patience and dedication to all of us I continued for many years and learned to love it.
Thank you Colin for all you did for us, we will miss you and never forget you.
The first time I met Colin is when my son Andrew and I had actually missed his meet by showing up a day late! (which he changed at the last minute so as not to interfere with another meet that evening) Not one to let someone be left out he invited us to help him pick up controls which we enjoyed thoroughly as he recounted tales of Ottawa orienteering history.
We both remember that day fondly..
Thereafter he always remembered me, the discussion of our common acquaintances and he always made time for a little chat.
Your passion for the sport will be sorely missed.
and flair immediately attracted me to the sport. He was the driving force in the Montreal Orienteering Club at that time. I'm sure he is now introducing the sport to a few souls upstairs. Bravo Colin!
I am very very sorry to hear of Colin's passing. Colin was a wonderful man and he was always fun to talk to. I know he is going to be missed by many many people in the orienteering community. I wish I could have been at Ottawa's memorial meet yesterday.
Thank you Colin for all you've done in the orienteering world!
My first experience with orienteering was with you, Colin, in one of the countless meets you have organized in Ottawa and Gatineau Park. I appreciate the passion you were able to transfer to myself and to many many other orienters of all ages.
You will be missed. Au revoir Colin et merci.
Back in 1975 no less a paper than the Toronto Globe and Mail devoted a lot of coverage to the Ontario and the Canadian Orienteering Championships, half a page for each event. Colin Kirk featured prominently in the report on the Ontarios. The account is so Colin; I was a small part of it. "Colin Kirk, the jovial director of the Quebec Orienteering Association could be heard giving a running commentary of the elite action- as he competed on the Red course.
That was Colin – more interested in the success and well-being of others than of himself.
From a sports perspective, Colin was a great coach with just the right attitude. Back in grade 10, I was a horrible runner, with just a few months of orienteering experience, but Colin slated me in with my friends from Loup Garou for the Ontario Relays in Sudbury. To him, orienteering was not about winning, it was a sport that you did because it was a blast to participate in. Disastrous races could be just as fun as a good race; the underlying challenge isn't against other athletes, it's against your inner self: your ability to push your physical self to your limits, your ability to push your mental self to observe the world around you, and combining the two for the perfect race. I still remember that run in the hills near Sudbury, from the first half where I was moving as fast as my legs could take me, to the midpoint where I knew I had fallen behind, and struggled exhausted up a hill that still remains fixed in my mind as one of the most desperate and hilarious climbs of my life, to that moment where I suddenly knew I was back in the lead, and that if I just did not give up, I could win this thing. That personal struggle, pushing myself when I should be losing, is how I've gotten through life until now, and I credit Colin as the one who taught it to me.
Of course, Colin's example was one where humour and joy at the small things in life were the actual goal of all this work and effort. Whether it was baking up fresh muffins in Banff, or talking about a 'good book', or telling us his old joke that 'if you want to get ahead, get a hat', Colin always seemed to be in a jovial mood. Others have talked about his stories, and indeed he was a great storyteller. The main character in most of his stories was Colin himself, always portrayed with a personal irreverence, where his victories or failures in life were honestly told. Again, Colin taught me that not everything went as planned, but you had to enjoy the ride, and admit to your mistakes when you made them.
Colin, you were a great friend, and will be sorely missed. Giving you a call at Christmas was something I've looked forward to every year since I left Ottawa, and moved on in life from orienteering. I can only hope to try to bring a bit of Colin to those around me in my work and life. Thanks for everything.
So sad to hear of Colin's passing. He was a true ambassador of orienteering for old and young, experienced and well, people like me. I really enjoyed the challenge of orienteering because of good people like Colin. R.I.P. Colin.
I can not remeber when I first met Colin; probably at a Toronto area orienteering meet in the early 70's. As I became more and more involved in orienteering in New Brunswick I had more and more interaction with him as a orienteering organizer, coach and athlete. He preached and practiced what orienteering should be; above all FUN.
It saddens me to find he is no longer with us. Just reading the other eulogies produces tears. What a fine man he was.
Thank you, Colin, for what you did for so many of us.
Although we lost a super friend and story teller in Captain Kirk, we have all gained significantly from knowing a person who didn't need a compass to stay orientated. We met at the sports centre (CSFAC) and grew into "Safety Meeting" and more friends who shared the finer things in life with the frugality of the salvation army and value village shopper!
I worked for Colin for 14 years as the Secretary for the National Office of the Canadian Orienteering Federation. He was a super person to work for. Even after my retirement in 1993 we kept in touch and always got together for lunch and a "gab fest" when Herb and I made our annual visits to Ottawa. I lunched with Colin in August, just weeks before he passed away – I am still in shock at the sudden passing. We knew he was ill but did not think his time would be so short. Orienteering has lost a great person.


If you're looking for Chicko, he can most likely be found canvassing ideas, collecting votes, serving on an Advisory Committee, or educating community members – all for Participatory Budgeting in Red Hook, Brooklyn.
After moving to Red Hook from Miami three years ago, Chicko found himself coming to Red Hook Initiative (RHI) daily. As a high school student in RHI's Youth Leaders program, Chicko joined the Youth Organizers group and emerged as a leader of Participating Budgeting in his community. He felt empowered by the ability to spark and effect positive change in Red Hook, all the while working alongside District 38's Council Member Carlos Menchaca.
With support from RHI's staff, Chicko recently earned his high school diploma, and assumed a new role as Co-Facilitator for the RHI Youth Organizers, a group of 10 high school youth leading the PB process in Red Hook. He sees himself beginning college in the fall with the goal of majoring in psychology.
Chicko views himself as an, "expert on Participatory Budgeting." Even though RHI collected more votes than any other site in Red Hook last year, Chicko and his group ambitiously want to increase this year's goal to 850. Hear from Chicko and his fellow Youth Organizers and find out if they reached their goal at the Particiaptory Budgeting Project's NYC PBParty Benefit on April 20th, 6-9:30 pm at BRIC BRIC (647 Fulton St, Brooklyn, NY 11217). Chicko will be accepting the Community Activist Award on behalf of RHI at the PBParty. Join RHI and Chicko to celebrate PB and all those who make it possible. Tickets are still available, buy your ticket today!
As the 4 year anniversary of Hurricane Sandy approaches, we are shifting our focus to a long standing issue highlighted by the storm, the impact of mold on public housing residents in Red Hook. While Sandy brought to light mold problems in deteriorating NYCHA buildings, exposure to mold and its harmful effect on health have plagued residents in Red Hook Houses for years. We are calling for immediate and long term solutions.
With the support of resident led research and conversations with nearly 150 community members attending input sessions, we've released a report today entitled: The Impact of Mold on Red Hook NYCHA Tenants: A Health Crisis in Public Housing. Read our Press Release here.


The future of the Mideast peace process could rest in the hands of one very undiplomatic man: an outspoken 90-year-old rabbi who recently sparked an uproar by saying the Palestinian president should "perish from the world."
The ultra-Orthodox Shas Party is expected to hold the swing vote when Cabinet ministers decide on a U.S. proposal to resume Mideast peace talks. The two Shas ministers participating in the decision are waiting for instructions from the party's spiritual leader, Rabbi Ovadia Yosef.
"All decisions go through the rabbi," said Roi Lachmanovitch, a spokesman for the Shas interior minister.
The drama has once again turned the enigmatic rabbi, who has managed to offend Arabs, secular Jews, Holocaust survivors, women and gays with fiery comments over the years, into the familiar role of kingmaker. Politicians from outside his party, including Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, are now lobbying for his support.
Officials in Netanyahu's office said Wednesday that his 15-member Security Cabinet -- a group of senior government ministers -- remains closely divided, with the outcome of the vote hinging on the two Shas members. Amid the uncertainty, Israeli officials said a planned vote for Wednesday had been put on hold.
Netanyahu spokesman Gidi Schmerling said the Israelis were still waiting for a formal U.S. written proposal outlining the assurances before voting.
Netanyahu is under heavy American pressure to accept the U.S. proposal to freeze most West Bank settlement construction for 90 days in order to persuade the Palestinians to resume peace talks. The goal would be to lead to critical negotiations on Israel's final borders with a future Palestinian state.
In exchange, the U.S. is promising Israel a list of assurances, including a gift of 20 next-generation stealth warplanes and critical diplomatic support at the United Nations, according to Israeli officials.
Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erekat said there would be no formal reaction to the plan until it is formally presented during a meeting scheduled Wednesday with a senior U.S. envoy.
Palestinians say they will not resume peace talks until Israel stops building in the West Bank and east Jerusalem -- territory they claim as parts of their future state.
They agreed to join peace talks just weeks before an earlier, 10-month Israeli slowdown on settlement construction expired on Sept. 26. Those building limits were also intended to promote negotiations.
State Department spokesman P.J. Crowley refused to comment on whether the U.S. was willing to give Israel assurances in writing.
According to people in Netanyahu's office, seven ministers are in favor of the new three-month building freeze, and six oppose it. Just two ministers haven't indicated how they will vote. Both are from Shas.
Lachmanovitch, the Shas spokesman, said the ministers would only abstain if the U.S. provides a written guarantee that Israel can continue building in east Jerusalem during the proposed 90-day moratorium, and that after the freeze, Israel will be permitted to resume settlement activity in the West Bank.
The final word rests with their spiritual leader, Yosef, whose followers consider his decisions as binding religious law.
Yosef, who wears sunglasses on his bearded face and dons a turban and gold-embroidered robes, has turned Shas into a formidable political force over the past decade by appealing to the country's sizable population of working-class Jews of Middle Eastern descent.
A highly respected religious scholar, he is also a polarizing figure in Israeli politics, lashing out against both Palestinians and Israelis in his religious sermons and often leaving Israeli leaders scrambling to apologize for his outrageous remarks.
The rabbi said during a sermon in August that Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas should "perish from the world" and described Palestinians as "evil, bitter enemies of Israel." He later apologized for the remarks.
In 2007, he said that Israeli soldiers died in battle because they were not religious enough and said the victims of Hurricane Katrina in the U.S. suffered "because they have no God."
Despite his often hawkish political stances, Yosef has signaled he would support a withdrawal from the West Bank if it saves lives.
Yosef has exerted his influence before. In late 2008, Shas forced new elections by turning down an offer to remain in the government after then-Prime Minister Ehud Olmert resigned.
Recognizing the rabbi's influence, Danny Danon, a member of Netanyahu's Likud Party, sent a letter to Yosef on Tuesday imploring him to seek written assurances from the Americans that the 90-day building freeze would be the last.
Another Israeli official confirmed the prime minister's office has been communicating with Yosef. "Of course information has been shared with the Shas leadership," the official said.
Shas spokesman Lachmanovitch denied that the rabbi was approached by the prime minister's staff, or that he was at the center of a lobbying campaign.
"No one pressures the rabbi," Lachmanovitch said. "He doesn't listen to anyone."


Ministry professional Allan Taylor writes to all church leaders about the crucial role that Sunday School must play in producing healthy Christians who in turn produce healthy churches. He emphasizes the value of the Sunday School model to the total church ministry for its superior ability to nurture relationships and more personally stir passion for the Great Commission across every age group.
Taylor presents the sharply focused idea that all Sunday School programs are either imploding (through directionless ineffectiveness) or exploding (thanks to visionary leadership and practicing some fundamental disciplines). As such, he guides the reader toward growth principles that must be operative for any church to begin or continue a transformational Sunday School boom.
Allan Taylor is the minister of education at First Baptist Church in Woodstock, Georgia, where Sunday School attendance has grown from 2,500 to 5,000 under his leadership. He is also the founder of Ember to Blaze Ministries and writes Sunday School, leadership, and training materials including his previous book, The Six Core Values of Sunday School. Allan and his wife, Linda, have three children and two grandchildren.


Time is money, and nowhere is that more evident than in financial management.
With easy access to accurate, real-time information using business accounting software, you can eliminate unnecessary delays and focus on your core business and growth. Using business accounting software from Rand Group, your complete solution will optimize AR/AP management, reporting and analytics, and compliance so you get the critical data you need to make the right decisions, lower costs, and improve your cash flow.
The financial management software you choose depends on your size, needs, and industry. As a professional services firm committed to helping clients improve overall business success, we focus on leveraging the best technology platform(s) for each unique situation. By actively working with products and solutions from multiple software vendors, we are positioned to provide unbiased recommendations that are in your best interest.
Microsoft's newest cloud platform, bringing together ERP, CRM, productivity tools in one custom system.
Sales contract management, project planning, resource management, team collaboration, time and expenses, analytics and integration.
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Proven, reliable business solution that helps your business achieve financial accountability and compliance security.
Not sure what ERP solution is the best fit for your company? We provide complete software assessment services, which evaluate your current management solution and help you understand the full business impact of making a change.


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The Bega Vet Clinic opened its doors way back in the 1950's when brothers Struan and Peter Royle started the first veterinary clinic in the Bega valley. The type of work and treatments available have changed a lot since these first days, however there has always been a strong emphasis on doing the best job possible for our clients and their animals.
In the early 1950's, the brothers were directly employed by the local dairy farmers. As a result, the veterinary work at that time mostly involved dairy production. When they were not visiting farms they were working out of a shed near the corner of Auckland and Gibbs Street in Bega. Cats were kept at the shed and sold as micers. There was not much clinical work to be done on cats at that time!
In 1956 the clinic moved to Tarraganda Road. After this time, the Royle brothers started employing more staff (including Peter Alexander) and providing veterinary care for local dogs including vaccinations and surgeries. This site was soon outgrown and around 1960 they started building the clinic on Auckland street which was worked out of for over 40 years and is now the NRMA building.
Most of the veterinary work was still dairy work, with the introduction of our monthly 'Herd Health' visits which some farms are still continuing to this day. Horse work was an infrequent but important part of the growing business. The national TB and Brucellosis testing programs in the late 1960s created more work and allowed the clinic to keep growing.
With the retirement of the Royle Brothers Peter Alexander and John Bowers took the reins of the clinic. John moved on greener pastures however, leaving Peter as the backbone of the clinic, building a great reputation in the community for his dedication to our clients and their animals. Over this time there has been a significant change of the role of dogs and cats as vital parts of the family and the clinic has continually changed to accommodate this growth.
The Bega Vet Clinic was honoured to have had Bruce Adams in partnership with Peter until his untimely death in 2007. Bruce was originally the local government Veterinarian before joining the clinic and assisting in its growth. Bruce's passion was to be out working hard in the field either with cattle or horses and was well respected by all the clients he worked with. Many farmers still have fond memories and great stories of his time with the clinic. During this time Peter and Bruce opened the clinic in Cobargo to better service our clients in the north of the Bega Valley.
The late 2000's brought big changes to Bega and Cobargo Veterinary Hospitals with Jane Woolacott joining Peter and the clinic making the move to its current site in North Bega. This modern clinic has created an inviting environment for your pets and plenty of space to keep up with the now vitally important work of looking after our client's pets. The move also provided us the space to allow horse consultations at the clinic as more pleasure and competition horses take up residence in the Bega Valley. This consistent growth in the clinic led to Luke Dawson joining the partnership in 2015.
Bega and Cobargo Veterinary Hospitals now employs a large number of veterinarians of varying skills and interests in its modern, well-equipped veterinary facilities, which cater to production, competition and companion animals, servicing the entire Bega valley.
©2021 Bega Cobarg Veterinary Hospitals. All rights reserved. Website design, development and hosting by 2pi Software.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The education sector is unique and its schools face ever evolving challenges. Our education teams specialise in the sector and understand your drivers. We can help you realise your ambitions.
Schools and academies – and their owners, proprietors and sponsors – are tasked with providing a leading education in a legal framework that can feel extremely fluid. Our lawyers are education sector experts and are able to advise all types of schools on the full spectrum of legal challenges.
Whether you are a charitable trust seeking charity or governance advice, an academy dealing with a SEN or admissions challenge, an independent school raising finance or setting up overseas, or a school group expanding acquisitively or streamlining through sale, we can guide you through the legal issues.
Whatever your K-12 needs, our team of 140 education specialists will guide you through the legal complexities.
We have a wealth of experience from many years working in the education sector that we can apply to help you achieve your ambitions.
We have acted for Academies Enterprise Trust and London Academies Enterprise Trust in respect of every one of their conversions and rebrokerages.
We represented the University of Brighton Academies Trust and Hastings Academies Trust on their merger, including advising on governance and funding structures, and the creation of the enlarged schools estate.
We have advised King's School, Ely on a wide range of legal issues, including its acquisition of the long leasehold interest in a Grade II listed building to be refurbished for a sixth form centre and its international expansion to the UAE.
We have advised a number of schools on the establishment of overseas campuses, including in the UAE and China.
We advised the sellers of Knightsbridge School on the sale of their school to the Dukes Education Group.
We advised a significant Chinese group in relation to its acquisition of a group of English schools.
We have advised a large number of leading schools on a range of financing facilities, including development loans, public bonds and private placements.
This workshop, the second in our 2019 series, will focus on topical issues to be confirmed nearer the date.
Contact our Academies and schools team.


This is a tea bowl of the Haikatsugi (ash-covered) type, called by this name from its iron glaze which makes the bowl look as if covered with ash. Also characteristic of this type vessels is the application of two different glazes. In this bowl, the yellow glaze which was applied beneath the black glaze is visible around the hip just above the unglazed clay body. The tea bowl was handed down in the Date family, and according to records, was displayed when the Tokugawa Shogun Iemitsu and the former Tokugawa Shogun Hidetada visited the Edo residence of the Date clan on April 6 and 11th respectively in 1630.


I am going to use this blog to post photos which I hope you will enjoy. Go to my photo albums and see! Just click on the name of the photo album you'd like to see on the right-hand side of this page.
Scroll down the page to see more photo albums to choose from.
Once in a photo album, click on the pictures to see a larger image.
Wow I am loving this. You have some great photos to share and this is such a quick and easy way to do it. Thanks so much!!!
Dave, Tae Guk Gi is pure violence, but the story must be told. Obviously this film is inappropriate for your audience. I'll view once more, and we'll discuss Monday. Thanks, Darryl.


Basketball is a sport that has become very popular in recent times. Many people, especially youths, opt to play this sport. Some people go to institutions to learn how to play or to polish their techniques or skills in a particular direction of this sport. The fees for these schools and institutes vary according to the courses opted for and many other options. Depending upon the courses and your overall talent, you can also get a scholarship for playing and learning. You should be aware of all options available for you if you wish to learn basketball seriously.
Any Basketball camps for boys or lessons have approximate flat rate depending upon the package you choose for yourself and the number of classes it has. The fees structure varies from online to classroom programs. The classroom programs have a higher fee than the online courses. The fees are also determined on the basis of the number of classes you opt for. The entire package is responsible for the expenditure. Personal trainers may also charge you on an hourly basis. There are various other payment and expenditure options that you can avail of depending upon your needs.
Scholarships are awarded to meritorious students by Basketball Instruction Houston institutes. It depends upon your talents and skills regarding this sport. You may have to sit for a test that could be written or practical. You will be judged on your skills and given a scholarship accordingly. Only merit based scholarships are available.
For more information about Basketball camps for boys and Basketball Instruction Houston, please visit the website.


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Questions about example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "Highest"
The meaning of "Highest" in various phrases and sentences
What does The National Medal of Science is the.....given by the United States government. A. highest science award B. highest award for scientific C. highest, and awarding scientists right answer? why? mean?
The correct answer would be: A. highest science award. Option B is not the right answer because it ends with 'scientific' which is an adjective (word used to describe something else) and would be followed by a subject/object in order to be grammatically correct. Option C simply makes no sense and does not fit the sentence structure.
What does The I-Pace will be sold from Jan. 23 with a starting price of 110.4 million won ($98,300) that cl... mean?
"Trim" is a type of product. A car might be sold in several different "trims". One might be a simple model, and one might be a luxury model. So, the most expensive model of "I-Pace" is 128 million won.
What does It looks like the calibration showed an out of tolerance condition at 1000 ft lbs. We have been u... mean?
Or vice versa? I dont know tools
Similar words to "Highest" and their differences
What is the difference between South Korea's suicide rate remained highest among members of the OECD. and South Korea's suicide rate stayed highest among members of the OECD. ?
Remained is more formal - that's the only difference - they have the exact same meaning
Translations of "Highest"
How do you say this in English (UK)? lowerest, highest and shortest(pronunciation)
Correction on lowerest, you probably know this already but it's lower and not lowerest ! hope this helped!!
Other questions about "Highest"
Please show me how to pronounce what is highest building of world.
Today, I joined a festival "tenkuu no fuyajou" in noshiro, Akita prefecture, Japan. tenkuu no fuy... does this sound natural?
This would be more natural: Today, I joined the "Tenkuu No Fuyajou" festival in Noshiro, Akita prefecture, Japan. Tenkuu No Fuyajou is a festival where you can see many beautiful festival cars. The festival cars are the best in the world. It was so fun! I felt happy there.
What does "been held up" of "uture munitions sales have been held up." mean?? Context>>>>>>>...
will be delayed, will not happen until further notice
color of belt means grade of karate. highest color is black. does this sound natural?
Could be: Karate is graded using belt colors. Black represents the highest level.
The given pie chart provides a comprehensive overview of the causes of deforestation in the Brazilian amazon, from 2000 to 2005 Upon closer examination we can see that there are five parts such as, cattle ra... does this sound natural?
@Leo_G10002 The given pie chart provides a comprehensive overview of the causes of deforestation in the Brazilian amazon, from years 2000 to 2005 Upon closer examination, we can see that there are five parts such as cattle ranching, small-scale agriculture, logging, large-scale agriculture and others. According to the pie chart, the highest part is cattle ranching with the figure showing a percentage of 65 to 70% with the highest part being small scaled agriculture. In order of size, the former ones are followed by large-scale agriculture, logging and others. In conclusion, the main causes of deforestation in the Brazilian amazon is cattle ranching and small scale agriculture. Very well written, only a few mistakes :)
The chart show information about the change of money spend on the Fairtrade coffee and bananas in...
"The chart *shows* information about the change *in* money *spent* on the Fairtrade coffee and bananas *during* two separate *time periods* in *the* UK, Switzerland, Denmark, Belgium and Sweden. "It is clear that sales of Fairtrade coffee rose in all five *areas* from 1999 to 2004, while the sales of bananas rose in *just* three areas. Overall, the UK saw the highest sales in both products. "In 1999, Switzerland had the highest sales of Fairtrade coffee, at 3¥*million*, while the revenue from Fairtrade bananas was highest in the UK, at 15¥ *million*. In 2004, the sales of Fairtrade coffee in *the* UK *had* soared to 20¥*million*, but in Switzerland *it had* climbed to *only* 6¥*million*, and this was over three times higher than Switzerland's sales figure for Fairtrade coffee in that year. The year 2004 *also* saw the *growth in* sales of Fairtrade bananas in *the* UK and Switzerland, *rising to* 32 *million* and 4.5 *million respectively*. Sales of Fairtrade coffee in Denmark, Belgium *and* Sweden were far lower. Small increases of sales of Fairtrade bananas can be seen and the final sales were all *lower* than 2 *million*. *Finally*, it was noticeable that the sales of Fairtrade bananas in Sweden and Denmark *had* declined; however, in Belgium, *there was a clear rise* from 0.6 *million* to 4 *million*." Note: In English the singular 'million' is used after specific numbers.
Please rewrite the following paragraph. (Looking the date of household in the U.K) One of the first thing to note is that the type of the family which has dependent children has remained stable through ...
One of the first things to note is that the families who have dependent children has remained stable through approximately 40 years. Each year the category accounted the highest percentage.
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "car"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "change"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "chart"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "climb"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "color"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "figure"
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Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "give"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "information"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "Korea"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "lowerest"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "mean"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "member"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "OECD"
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Words similar to highest
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "higest"
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Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "Higgs"
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Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "highjaker"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "highkey"


Reduced Tillage enhances plant diversity and improves soil health, fertility, and microbial activity. These benefits provide the backbone upon which biological control of insect pests and disease suppression occurs naturally at economically practical levels. The challenges are figuring out new methods and equipement to farm with so much plant residue in the system and balancing competition with the crop. This webinar will take you along on my 25 year journey to develop a reduced tillage organic vegetable production system.
Helen Atthowe has been farming on her own and consulting for other organic vegetable and fruit farms for 25 years. She was also a horticulture extension agent for 15 years, owned and operated Biodesign Farm (30 acre diverse, Organic fruit and vegetable farm) in western Montana for 17 years and recently spent 6 months as consulting vegetable grower on a 2000 acre organic vegetable and fruit farm in northern Colorado with a 5000 member CSA.
This 75 minute event took place 2:00 PM, December 13, 2011 EST.


text:
Q: buscar fecha en lista de fechas Tengo una lista de fechas que tiene formato datetime.date(año,mes,día).
quiero saber la posición que tiene una fechax (que tambien tiene el formato datetime.date(año,mes,día) en la lista con el siguiente código: posicion = lista.index(fechax).
python me arroja el error:

ValueError: datetime.date(año, mes, dia) is not in list

El tema es que tanto la lista como la fecha buscada tienen el mismo formato y me aseguré que esa fechax estuviera en la lista por supuesto.
¿Qué puede estar pasando? o ¿la función el método index no funciona con fechas?
EDIT:
Wb = load_workbook(filename = 'C:\ICP.xlsx')
sheet_ranges = wb["Simple"]
fecha_icp=[(c.value).date() for c in sheet_ranges['A'][3:3804]]#.date() no agrega tiempo solo la fecha.

Con este codigo obtengo fechas d eun excel en donde estan con formato de fecha. para armar la lista leo el valor con .date() para no agregar horas ni minutos.

así como se ve en la imagen es como se ve la lista en python. luego ocupo este codigo:v = icp_value.index(valuation_date).
la variable valuation_date la ingreso así :
valuation_date= input('ingrese la fecha de valorizacion en formato yyyy-mm-dd')# ingresar fecha de contrato

valuation_date= dt.datetime.strptime(valuation_date.rstrip(), "%Y-%m-%d").date()

y en python se ve así:
.
como ven, la fecha buscada y la lista tienen el mismo formato y la formula no funciona.
les dejo el excel:https://www.dropbox.com/s/1762eowf6gs91q9/ICP.xlsx?dl=0
saludos,

A: En principo no haces nada incorrecto, si usas Openpyxl para caragar el xlsx no debes tener ningún problema mientras la fecha exista:
import datetime as dt
from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook(filename = 'C:\ICP.xlsx')
sheet_ranges = wb["Simple"]
fecha_icp=[(c.value).date() for c in sheet_ranges['A'][3:3804]]
valuation_date= input('ingrese la fecha de valorizacion en formato yyyy-mm-dd')
valuation_date= dt.datetime.strptime(valuation_date.rstrip(), "%Y-%m-%d").date()
posicion = fecha_icp.index(valuation_date)
print(posicion)

Ante la posibilidad de que se ingrese una fecha que realmente no esté en la lista puedes tratar la excepción de forma adecuada a tus necesidades:
try:
    posicion = fecha_icp.index(valuation_date)
except ValueError:
    position = None

Ten en cuenta que esto es válido si solo quieres el indice del primer elemento que encuentre, ya que si tienes una fecha repetida solo retornará el índice de la primera. En estos casos se puede recurrir a enumerate y compresión de listas para obtener un iterable con los indice de todas las ocurrencias:
posicion = [i for i, fecha in enumerate(fecha_icp) if fecha == valuation_date]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
CURRENT SERVICES PROVIDED
The North Kingstown Fire Department responds to a broad range of emergency incidents as well as provides a number of specialized services — e.g., fire prevention, emergency preparedness — for the North Kingstown community. Services that the Fire Department provides to the North Kingstown community are outlined below.
Fire suppression personnel provide emergency response to a range of fire suppression-related incidents involving structures, wildland areas, vehicles and dumpsters/trash. The Department staffs five engine companies, two Advanced Life Support rescue units, a fire alarm operator, and a Deputy Chief Command vehicle to protect the Town. The Ladder Truck, Special Hazards, Marine units, Truck 4 and the DECON Trailer, and Brush Trucks are unstaffed apparatus. These apparatus are manned by the engine companies when they are available. A three-platoon/shift configuration with 17 personnel assigned to each shift is utilized in order to provide the community with around-the-clock service.
The Department provides first responder medical care and transportation services at the basic life support (BLS) and advanced life support (ALS) service levels. All uniformed staff of the Department are certified Emergency Medical Technicians – Cardiac (EMT-C), and approximately 6% percent are certified Paramedics. Currently, the Department staffs two ALS rescues with a total of four Firefighter/EMT-C/ Paramedics. The department is a regional Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) Team designed to distribute, and dispense medical countermeasures and supplies from the SNS during a public health emergency, bioterrorism, chemical nerve agent, or points of dispensing immunizations for Tdap and flu vaccine, water distribution during hurricanes, to rapidly dispense medication to the towns' entire population within 48 hours.
The Department responds to a variety of hazardous materials issues. Some common issues are reports of hazardous materials dumping, carbon monoxide incidents and gas leaks. The department is one of four regional Decontamination Teams for the state supporting five regional Hazardous Materials Response Teams and RIEMA. Please visit our HAZMAT Decon page for more information.
The Department provides vehicle accident response, natural disaster response, confined space rescue, low and high angle rope rescue, and structural collapse rescue. All firefighters are trained in technical rescue response skills.
Coverage and Response Structure
The Town is divided into five fire districts and two rescue/emergency medical services (EMS) districts. There are four fire stations, a maintenance facility, Fire Department Headquarters which houses Fire Alarm Operations, Fire Administration and Fire Prevention. The Department utilizes a three-shift schedule, staffing each shift for a 24- hour period, 7 days a week, and 365 days a year. A minimum on-duty staffing level of 17 personnel has been established for around-the-clock delivery of emergency services. During business hours, administrativepersonnel are available to the public for fire prevention services.
Engine Companies
ALS Rescue Companies
Ladder Company
Deputy Chief Command Vehicle
The primary emergency response unit for the North Kingstown Fire Department is the engine company. There is oneengine company at each of the four stations with the exception of station 3 which houses two Engine companies.Engine companies are staffed with a minimum of two personnel: a supervising officer, and a firefighter. All fire personnel are required to be certified at the emergency medicaltechnician (EMT-C) Cardiac level. However, approximately 6 percent of all personnel maintain a paramedic ALScertification. The role of the engine company is vital to our emergency medical service delivery, engine companies arrive first in many cases and provide additional staffing to support the rescue's mission.
The primary purpose of an engine company is to provide personnel with equipment and water to sustain an initialattack on a structure, wildland or other fire. Each engine company is also equipped with a variety of emergency equipment such as: basic life support medical equipment, emergency scene lighting, basic tools for defensivehazardous materials mitigation, basic water rescue equipment and supplies for firefighter rehabilitation (Rehab).Each engine company is also equipped with 50 feet of ground ladders, specialized wildland firefighting equipment,forcible entry tools, and auto extrication equipment.
Two stations are equipped with ALS rescues—Station 1 and 3. Each rescue is staffed with a minimum of two firefighter/EMTC/Paramedics, each having Advanced Life Support (ALS) certification. The rescues carry both Advanced Life Support (ALS) and Basic Life Support (BLS) equipment and provide a high level of emergency medical care. Some of the items carried on the rescues are: advanced airway and ventilation equipment, vascular therapy supplies, and portable battery-operated monitor/defibrillator's. Firefighter/EMTC/Paramedics are able to supply immediate life savingmeasures and transport patients to the appropriate facilities.
From routine medical problems to the most critically ill or injured patient, rescues fill a significant role in NorthKingstown—considering the high frequency of EMS service demands in the area. Though their primary role is EMS,these units are staffed by firefighters equipped with structural firefighting protective equipment, extricationequipment, and self- contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Rescue personnel are also part of the Effective Response Force (ERF).
The North Kingstown Fire Department has one ladder company located at Station 3. The ladder company is unstaffed. The apparatus is cross-staffed by personnel from Engine 3 or 6. The ladder is a 105-foot rear mounted aerial ladder, which is able to reach above normal ground ladders. This allows firefighters to access or egress abuilding from a significant height and also to attack a firefrom above. The aerial ladder is capable of allowing firefighters to direct an elevated master water stream from thetip of the ladder. Because the truck does not have a pump or water tank, a pumper/engine must supply the water tofight the fire. In addition to the aerial ladder, the truck is also equipped with over 200 feet of ground ladders, heavyrescue and auto extrication equipment and many other types of rescue equipment to handle a variety of calls throughout the town.
This Heavy Rescue is single specialty piece of apparatus located at Station 1 inthe center of the town. The Special Hazards is unstaffed. The apparatus is cross-staffed by personnel from an available Engine Company. Equipment such as air bags,hydraulic jacks, shears, or air quality monitors will be deployed as needed. Special Hazards responds to a wide array of calls such as rope rescue (use of ropes and harnesses to remove patients from elevated or below grade positions),extrications, hazardous materials incidents, confined space incidents, trenchrescue, and industrial accidents.
One Deputy Chief is responsible for overall field operations from a command vehicle. The command vehicle, located at Station 1, is equipped with advanced communication equipment, a mobile data computer, and a pull out command desk. From this command vehicle, a Deputy Chief is able to direct emergency scene operations and command all firefighting, lifesaving, and fire prevention operations. Some additional equipment carried in the command vehicle includes: SCBA and suppression equipment, command worksheets and reference materials.
The North Kingstown Fire Department utilizes other specialty vehicles. Information coming soon.
Fire Stations and Apparatus
HAZMAT Decon
Tier II Submission
Live Scanner Feed
Thank a NKFD Employee
Hours: M-F: 8:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.
Report a Natural Gas Outage
NK Flood Zone Map
NK Hurricane Evacuation Map (PDF)


The POGO Stools by Joel Escalona – these super cute fiberglass pig stools are the perfect perch for posh tots. The rainbow of colour options and durable finish provide endless possibilities for this line that includes the stool above and two small tables. Suitable for indoors and out; the combinations are never-ending for these colorful little piglets. Stay tuned to see if they make an appearance at a kid's space near you.


text:
Camera IconCommunity News - providing readers with the very latest in local news, sport, entertainment and more. Credit: Community News
Wanneroo Times
Swans shade the Falcons at Bassendean
Bryce LuffWanneroo Times
Email Bryce Luff
The match was in the balance all day, with the hosts able to scramble home 9.11 (65) to 8.15 (63).
Shane Nelson had 33 disposals for the Falcons and Michael Lourey booted two goals.
South Fremantle is just one win and percentage from second spot after a come-from-behind eight-point win over cross-town rivals East Fremantle on Sunday.
The Bulldogs trailed by 11 points heading into the final term but were able to blast past their opposition, with league debutant and AFL draft prospect Callum Ah Chee bagging two of his three goals in the last stanza.
The first of those was a drop punt from about 35m out, tucked in on the boundary, to level the scores, the second a neat snap from closer in on the same left forward pocket to put his side 14 points up.
Josh Pullman also bagged three goals in the 10.12 (72) to 9.10 (64) win.
The Hams brothers went about their business as usual, with Ashton notching up 37 disposals, nine marks and six inside-50s and Kyle tallying 32 disposals, five tackles and one goal for the Bulldogs.
For East Fremantle, BrockO'Brien was a handful for defenders with four goals, a couple of strong marks and 21 disposals.
Liam Anthony led the Shark for disposals with 35, supported by Boston Williamson (25 disposals and a goal) and RoryO'Brien (24 disposals and one goal).
Peel kept in touch with second spot after a 22-point win over Claremont at the Claremont Showgrounds.
Clancee Pearce responded to being dropped by the Dockers with a 40-possession game that included one goal and 11 marks, as the Thunder sprinted home 13.11 (89) to 9.13 (67).
Kepler Bradley booted four goals for the Tigers.
East Perth kept its hunt for a finals berth alive with a 20-point win over Perth at Leederville Oval.
The 13.9 (87) to 9.13 (67) result was Perth's 14th loss of the season.
Garry Moss recorded 30 disposals and Kyle Anderson and Jarrad Oakley-Nicholls both booted three goals for the Royals.
Aidan Tropiano had 34 disposals in a losing effort.


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text:
Theodore J. O'Keefe
Theodore J. O'Keefe, born in 1949, grew up in Rutherford, New Jersey, and graduated from Regis, a Jesuit high school in Manhattan, New York City. He went on to study at Harvard, where he majored in history. He is a skilled editor and the author of numerous published articles, essays, and reviews on a range of historical and political subjects. He is also a man of considerable linguistic aptitude ...
Journal of Historical Review
Vol. 20 (2001)
The Mufti and the Holocaust
By Theodore J. O'Keefe
This document is part of a periodical (Journal of Historical Review).
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Among the many tart insights in Robert Novick's Holocaust in American Life (reviewed in JHR 20, no. 1 [January-February, 2001]) is his brief consideration of the part that Haj Amin al Husseini, the mufti of Jerusalem, has played in Zionist and Holocaust propaganda. As Novick notes, Husseini, the leading Palestinian nationalist leader from the 1920s through the 1940s, plays a "starring role" in the four-volume Encyclopedia of the Holocaust (edited under the auspices of Yad Vashem by Yisrael Gutman):
The article on the Mufti is more than twice as long as the articles on Goebbels and Göring, longer than the articles on Himmler and Heydrich combined, longer than the article on Eichmann – of all the biographical articles, it is exceeded in length, but only slightly, by the entry on Hitler.
There is much more to Zionist distortions of the mufti's wartime role than its vast overemphasis in the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. In fact, accusations that the mufti (the title given a judge of Islamic law) was not only privy to, but deeply involved in the alleged genocide of the Jews have been a staple of Zionist propaganda since 1945.
To be sure, Husseini was no friend of Israel. Of a prominent Palestinian family, the young ex-Ottoman officer was appointed mufti of Jerusalem, at British behest, early in their mandate over Palestine. Any hopes that Husseini would prove a colonial tool were dashed when he led the resistance to Britain's pro-Jewish policies, culminating in the Arab revolt of 1936-1939. After he fled Palestine, the onset of war and his role in an unsuccessful rising against the British in Iraq drove Husseini to Axis Europe in 1941.
There, according to objective historians, the mufti helped the Germans with propaganda and recruiting among his fellow Muslims, steadfastly opposing any German actions that would facilitate Jewish emigration to Palestine (which National Socialist policy had earlier supported).
Those verifiable grievances have never been enough for Zionist publicists, however. The earliest accusations seem to stem from the circle of Rudolf Kastner, whose Zionist "rescue" operation dickered with Adolf Eichmann for Jewish emigration in return for trucks and other supplies in Budapest in 1944. Shortly after the war Kastner submitted an affidavit to British authorities in which he claimed that Eichmann's subordinate Dieter Wisliceny had told Kastner he was convinced that the mufti had "played a central role in the decision to exterminate the Jews." Rather than indict Husseini at Nuremberg, the British dismissed this and other charges as Zionist propaganda. (Philip Mattar, The Mufti of Jerusalem [NY: Columbia University Press, 1988], pp. 105–107)
In another early postwar smear effort, Simon Wiesenthal, in his 1947 Grand Mufti – Grossagent der Achse (Grand Mufti – Axis Agent Extraordinary), related that Husseini had visited Auschwitz and Majdanek, paying close attention in both camps to the efficiency of the crematoria, and praising personnel particularly conscientious at their grisly work. (Joseph Schechtman, The Mufti and the Führer [NY: Thomas Yoseloff, 1965], p. 160)
Shortly after Israeli agents kidnapped Adolf Eichmann and spirited him to his show trial in Israel, the once prominent journalist Quentin Reynolds was hired by the Israelis to do a hatchet job on Eichmann. Based on material supplied by the Zionists, Reynolds's Minister of Death claimed that the mufti had been a close confidante of Eichmann, and had displayed an avid interest in the extermination machinery. Reynolds quoted the mufti as telling friends "the Palestine problem will not be solved in a diplomatic conference but by other means – simple and radical like the gas chambers," and reported that "[h]is green turban was seen many times in Auschwitz, Treblinka, and Majdanek." Yet the author offered no sources for any of these claims, which were published by Harold Guinzburg's respected Viking Press in 1960.
Following the deaths of Kastner (in 1957) and Eichmann (in 1961), the need to displace the charge of collaboration from Zionists to Palestinians grew less urgent, and Zionist writers retreated from the more brazen charges to innuendo. Thus Joseph Schechtman's 1965 Mufti and the Führer: "It is hardly accidental that the beginning of the systematic physical destruction of European Jewry by Hitler's Third Reich roughly coincided with the Mufti's arrival in the Axis camp," and Zvi Elpeleg: "It is impossible to estimate the extent of the consequences of Haj Amin's efforts to prevent the exit of the Jews from countries under Nazi occupation, nor the number of those whose rescue was foiled and who consequently perished in the Holocaust." (The Grand Mufti, London: Frank Cass, 1993, p. 72)
While the more scrupulous Zionist writers have fallen back on weasel words, and the mufti goes unmentioned in such orthodox versions of the Holocaust as Hilberg's and Reitlinger's, the diabolization of the Palestinian freedon fighter by the Holocaust lobby continues. The website of the tax-supported Simon Wiesenthal Center's, carrying on its namesake's libels, profiles the mufti as follows: "He supported the Nazis, and especially their program for the mass murder of the Jews. He visited numerous death camps[,] encouraged Hitler do [sic] the extend the 'Final Solution' to the Jews of North Africa and Palestine." (at http://motlc.wiesenthal org/pages/t031/t03148.html) Any search of the Internet will reveal many similar accusations.
As Palestinians and other Arabs discover the revisionist challenge to orthodoxy on the alleged Jewish Holocaust, they are taxed by Zionists with wielding "denial" as a weapon against Israel. Yet long before most Palestinians had ever heard of the Holocaust, they were being smeared for complicity in it, thanks to lies about one of their greatest leaders, Haj Amin al Husseini, mufti of Jerusalem.
Additional information about this document
Author(s): Theodore J. O'Keefe
Title: The Mufti and the Holocaust
Sources: The Journal of Historical Review, vol. 20, no. 4 (July/August 2001), pp. 11f.
First posted on CODOH: April 19, 2013, 7 p.m.
Europe, West
www.ihr.org


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text:
"Yawning abyss", "Gap of ginnungs." In Norse cosmology, the primordial void that existed before the creation of the cosmos. It is mentioned in Völuspá:
Of old was the age when Ymir lived;
Sea nor cool waves nor sand there were;
Earth had not been, nor heaven above,
But a yawning gap, and grass nowhere.
— Bellows trans.
Snorri Sturluson expands upon this. He says that in the beginning, before the worlds of men and gods existed, the spring Hvergelmir, deep in the frozen wastes of Niflheimr, gave rise to eleven rivers known as the Élivágar. The poison from these rivers turned to ice, and the drizzling rain which arose from it froze into frost, which spilled into the Ginnungagap. There it mingled with the hot air coming from Múspell and began to melt. And from those drops of poison life emerged:
The streams called Ice-waves, those which were so long come from the fountain-heads that the yeasty venom upon them had hardened like the slag that runs out of the fire, — these then became ice; and when the ice halted and ceased to run, then it froze over above. But the drizzling rain that rose from the venom congealed to rime, and the rime increased, frost over frost, each over the other, even into Ginnungagap, the Yawning Void. [...] Ginnungagap, which faced toward the northern quarter, became filled with heaviness, and masses of ice and rime, and from within, drizzling rain and gusts; but the southern part of the Yawning Void was lighted by those sparks and glowing masses which flew out of Múspellheim. [...] Just as cold arose out of Niflheim, and all terrible things, so also all that looked toward Múspellheim became hot and glowing; but Ginnungagap was as mild as windless air, and when the breath of heat met the rime, so that it melted and dripped, life was quickened from the yeast-drops, by the power of that which sent the heat, and became a man's form. And that man is named Ymir, but the Rime-Giants call him Aurgelmir.
This Aurgelmir, better known as Ymir, was killed by the sons Borr, who took the giant's body to the middle of Ginnungagap and made of him the earth, the sky, the seas, etc. They then took the glowing embers and sparks that burst forth and had been cast out of Múspell, and set them in the midst of Ginnungagap, in the heaven, both above and below, to illumine heaven and earth.
Snorri later says that one of the roots of Yggdrasil stands among the Rime-Giants, in that place where aforetime was the Yawning Void.
Gylfaginning, 5, 8, 15.
Völuspá, 3.
Variations Ginnunga gap
Etymology Yawning abyss, Gap of ginnungs
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text:
Pflanzen werden nach ihrem Laubrhythmus oder der Blattausdauer unterschieden. Die Lebensdauer der Blätter hat wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Stoffproduktion und damit auf die Konkurrenzkraft der Pflanze. Manche Autoren differenzieren zwischen Saisongrünen und Immergrünen und unterscheiden bei den Immergrünen dauer-, wechsel- und teilimmergrüne Pflanzen. Andere Autoren nehmen eine Einteilung nach vorsommergrün, sommergrün, überwinternd-grün und immergrün vor. Daneben gibt es abhängig von Verbreitungsgebiet und Standort von Pflanzen weitere Begriffe, die die Anpassung des Laubrhythmus an spezifische Umweltbedingungen beschreiben.

Saisongrüne oder Wechselgrüne Pflanzen

Die Bezeichnungen für die Arten des Laubwechsels sind uneinheitlich. Die von Jäger & Werner bezeichneten Frühjahrsgrünen werden von Klotz & Kühn vorsommergrün genannt. Auch stellen Klotz & Kühn im Unterschied zu Jäger & Werner die herbst-frühjahrsgrünen Arten zu den überwinternd grünen Arten. Grund hierfür ist, dass der Laubrhythmus vergleichbar ist. Unterschiede bestehen nach den Autoren nur hinsichtlich der Gesamtlebensdauer als einjährig überwinternde oder ausdauernde Arten.

Frühjahrsgrüne, vorsommergrüne Pflanzen kennzeichnet eine Belaubung vom Vorfrühling bis zum Frühsommer mit einer unbelaubten Sommer- bis Winterruhe. Erst im Herbst werden neue Wurzeln und unterirdische Triebe gebildet. Typische Pflanzen sind Frühblüher wie Schneeglöckchen und Krokus.

Sommergrüne, kältekahle oder winter-laubabwerfende, winterruhende Pflanzen bilden erst in der wärmeren Jahreszeit, im Frühjahr oder erst Anfang Sommer frisches Laub und verlieren es im Spätherbst wieder, unabhängig davon, ob Frost auftritt. Einige hiervon, wie beispielsweise das Tränende Herz werfen ihr Laub bereits im Frühsommer ab (Frühling-Sommergrün).

Überwinternd grüne, sommerkahle oder sommer-laubabwerfende, sommerruhende Pflanzen treiben im Herbst aus und das Laub verbleibt bis zum Ende des Frühling oder Frühsommers (herbst-frühjahrsgrün oder -frühsommergrün). Sie bleiben also den Winter über grün (wintergrün). Zum Beispiel das Herbst-Alpenveilchen (Cyclamen hederifolium) oder der krokusartige Herbst-Goldbecher (Sternbergia lutea). Zu den herbst-früjahrsgrünen gehören einige Traubenhyazinthen oder auch der Italienische Aronstab, zu den herbst-frühsommergrünen gehört der Orientalische Mohn.

Überwinternd grüne Pflanzen sind in nord- und mitteleuropäischen Breiten meist Geophyten, deren Erneuerungsknospen als Überdauerungsorgane unter der Erde verborgen liegen, und weisen einen Wuchsrhythmus auf der für mediterrane Pflanzen charakteristisch ist.

Möglich sind auch regengrüne, trockenkahle Pflanzen die auf die Regenperiode abgestimmt sind und periodisch das Laub abwerfen, so dass sie während der Trockenzeit kahl sind.

Andere Kombinationen

Es kommen auch verschiedene andere Kombinationen vor:
 nur im Frühling, Pflanzen die nur im bzw. teilweise im Frühling grün sind
 Frühling-frühsommergrüne, Frühjahr bis zum Frühsommer
 Frühling-sommergrün, Frühjahr bis zum Spätsommer
 Frühling-sommer-herbstgrüne Pflanzen welche im Herbst, Winter absterben
 Frühling-herbst-wintergrüne mit einer Sommer-Ruheperiode
 Sommer-herbstgrün, mit einer Belaubung im Spätsommer bis Ende Herbst
 Sommer-wintergrüne Pflanzen, mit einer kurzen sommerlichen und winterlichen Ruheperiode, im Spätherbst, Winter erscheinende Blätter sterben im Frühling, Frühsommer ab, hier sind nur basale Blattteile oder die ganzen, späten Blätter bis im Winter grün. Dies kann fakultativ oder obligat sein.
 Herbstgrün hier sind die Pflanzen nur im Herbst grün
 Halbwintergrüne spät- oder winterlaubabwerfende Pflanzen, sie sind bis in den Hochwinter belaubt.

Es gibt auch Pflanzen die zwei unterschiedliche Triebe ausbilden, z. B. sommer- und immergrüne (heteroptosis).

Immergrüne Pflanzen

Immergrüne Pflanzen sind zu allen Jahreszeiten belaubt und tragen grüne Blätter. Die meisten immergrünen Pflanzen werfen ihr vorjähriges Laub nach dem Neuaustrieb ab. Beispiel für diesen ganzjahres-immergrünen Laubrhythmus ist das Leberblümchen, dessen altes Laub kurz nach dem Austrieb der neuen Laubblätter abstirbt.

Wechsel-immergrüne Pflanzen, wie zum Beispiel das Gänseblümchen, sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ihr Laub ständig neu bilden.

Als  teil- bzw. halbimmergrüne Pflanzen bezeichnet man solche die abhängig von Umwelteinflüssen ihr Laub teilweise oder ganz abwerfen. Hierbei kann der Blattverlust unterschiedlich lang ausgeprägt sein. Ein Beispiel sind Pflanzen die Spätherbstblätter in milden Wintern behalten, jedoch unter dem Einfluss starker Fröste oberirdisch ganz absterben (fakultativ Wintergrüne). Zu dieser Gruppe zählt der Gold-Lerchensporn.Dauer-immergrüne Pflanzen, wie das Kleine Immergrün behalten ihr Laub zwei oder mehrere Jahre.

Ganzjahres-immergrüne Pflanzen werden auch gelegentlich als teilimmergrüne bezeichnet, weil sie ihr Laub nach dem Winter beim Neuaustrieb abwerfen werden sie, wie im Prinzip auch die dauergrünen Pflanzen als (wintergrüne) bezeichnet.

Literatur
 Eckehardt J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (Hrsg.): Rothmaler Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Band 5: Krautige Zier- und Nutzpflanzen, Springer, 2016, ISBN 978-3-662-50419-2, S. 33 f.
 Eckehart J. Jäger u. a. (Hrsg.): Rothmaler – Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. 21. Auflage, Springer, 2017, ISBN 978-3-662-49707-4, S. 20.

Einzelnachweise

Pflanzentyp

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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