text:
Q: Converting numeric variable into character variable in group by id in data.table I have following two datasets and, I am trying to find out the first observation of each group. In the following example, you can see that grouping by "id" in the first dataset ("df1") worked as expected (case1). It also worked when I grouped by "id2" in the second dataset (df2) (case2a). However, it didn't work (as expected) when I group by "id1" in the second dataset (case2b). Surprisingly, I got the expected output when I converted "id1" into character vector.
#case1
df1<- structure(list(id = c(1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3), stopId = structure(c(1L,
2L, 3L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 2L, 3L), .Label = c("a", "b", "c"), class = "factor"),
    stopSequence = c(1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 4, 3, 1, 2)), .Names = c("id",
"stopId", "stopSequence"), row.names = c(NA, -9L), class = "data.frame")

# first observation of each id:

setDT(df)[,.SD[1,],by=.(id)] #worked

#df2
df2<-structure(list(id1 = c(201601072952201, 201601072952201, 201601072952201,
201601072952213, 201601072952213, 201601072952213, 201601072952212,
201601072952212, 201601072952212, 201601072952176), id2 = c("TXT",
"TXT", "TXT", "TXT", "TXT", "TXT", "PLP", "PLP", "PLP", "KYK"
), sb = c(32L, 32L, 32L, 32L, 32L, 32L, 58L, 58L, 58L, 6L), bb = c(7L,
7L, 7L, 56L, 56L, 56L, 28L, 28L, 28L, 47L), qt = c(21, 21, 21,
420, 420, 420, 1000, 1000, 1000, 13), amt = c(301, 301, 301,
306, 306, 306, 515, 515, 515, 368), rate = c(6321, 6321, 6321,
128520, 128520, 128520, 515000, 515000, 515000, 4784)), .Names = c("id1",
"id2", "sb", "bb", "qt", "amt", "rate"), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA,
-10L))
#case2a
setDT(df2)[,.SD[1,],by=.(id2)] #worked
   id2             id1 sb bb   qt amt   rate
1: TXT 201601072952201 32  7   21 301   6321
2: PLP 201601072952212 58 28 1000 515 515000
3: KYK 201601072952176  6 47   13 368   4784

#case2b
 setDT(df2)[,.SD[1,],by=.(id1)] #not worked as expected
               id1 id2 sb bb qt amt rate
1: 201601072952201 TXT 32  7 21 301 6321

df2$id1<-as.character(df2$id1)
 setDT(df2)[,.SD[1,],by=.(id1)] # worked

So my question is why I need to convert numeric variable into character variable in case 2b but not in case1.

A: Try using standard functions in base. For example:
df2[!duplicated(df2$id1),]

Output:
           id1 id2 sb bb   qt amt   rate
1: 2.016011e+14 TXT 32  7   21 301   6321
2: 2.016011e+14 TXT 32 56  420 306 128520
3: 2.016011e+14 PLP 58 28 1000 515 515000
4: 2.016011e+14 KYK  6 47   13 368   4784

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Both Northern Ireland and Scotland have been shown to be more deprived and to suffer higher levels of morbidity and mortality than other regions in the UK. Previous work comparing Scotland to England and Wales showed that even after controlling for deprivation, Scotland still experienced an excess of mortality, a phenomenon which has become known as the "Scottish effect". To date, no detailed comparisons of the relationship between deprivation and health in Northern Ireland and Scotland have been conducted. However, the recent introduction of longitudinal studies, based on the censuses, in both Northern Ireland and Scotland allow such comparisons to be made.
Such comparisons will increase understanding of the associations between deprivation and health status along a number of fronts. Firstly, they will identify similarities and variations in the relationship between deprivation and health status in Northern Ireland and Scotland. Secondly, they will show if the "Scottish effect" continues to hold when Northern Ireland is used as the comparison and after suitable adjustment for any differences in levels of deprivation. Finally, by reference to respective health surveys, see what other factors (such as life style or behavioural factors) might explain any excess poor health in Scotland.


Hip Hop culture has been making a Social, Political & Economical impact on North American soil since it's inception in the 1970's and now we're beginning to see the impact it can have on our home turf, India.
From having the FBI chase down racially charged artists in 1988 to being paid homage in a Democratic Primary Speech in 2008 to being invited to the white house in 2018 – the culture is making it's way across Politics and into Sports, Technology and Venture Capitalism.
Hip Hop empowers the lone voice in the corner to stand up and speak out about their present day situation. Without need for extensive training, professional equipment, overbearing resources – the lone voice can captivate audiences and create change. How many underrepresented and disenfranchised voices do you think are yearning to speak out in a population of over half a billion youth? A lot. We can already begin to see various Social, Political & Religious groups leveraging this medium to drive their agendas and connect with the youth.
India's Menstrual Hygiene Day 2018 was kicked off with a message brought to you by DeeMC. Might be an uncomfortable topic to talk about, but so was the color of your skin back in 1970's. Check out #NoMoreLimits.
An initiative to promote the 'Skilled in Odisha' campaign of the State Government, the video starring actress Prakruti Mishra has been directed by award-winning director Nila Madhab Panda and sung by popular Odia rapper Samir Rishu Mohanty aka Big Deal who also penned the lyrics.
The 2019 elections are around the corner, and most parties are gearing up for election campaigns. In fact, political parties are going out of their way to promote their leaders. The Bhartiya Janata Party dropped a rap song to support the #ModiOnceMore campaign.
The Warli Revolt was a collaboration with Mumbai based Hip-Hop group Swadesi and tribal leader Prakash Bhoir to speak against the government threatening to cut down the forest and disturb the natural ecosystem and tribes living there.
As Brands and Platforms kick off projects & campaigns to spread their message, local up and coming artists should take a first-mover advantage and start pushing a Hip-Hop agenda. Create your own economy.


text:
14 April 2021 — Cover
Issue 61: By Shane Cluskey
by Shane Cluskey
T his piece was inspired by the many hairstyles emerging because of Covid. Some are trying to restore their look with DIY haircuts while others are simply letting it grow. Either way, it's adding much-needed colour to an otherwise dull time.
I'm an illustrator and designer. After completing an illustration residency in New York, I moved to London for several years and am now based in the West of Ireland. My work has appeared on editorial articles, book covers, posters, murals and album covers. I'm always up for collaborating. Feel free to get in touch at www.shanecluskey.com or @shanecluskey on Instagram.
Shane Cluskey:
14 April 2021 issue
Remembering Liberties Icon Paddy Alldritt
Plans for Council Site in Rathmines Would See Primary Care Centre, Housing, and More
Council Teases Out New Policy to Manage Anti-Social Behaviour in Its Housing
Would "In-Your-Face" Signs Make Dog Owners Think Twice About Leaving Poo Behind?

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GetHuman2595806's next move: call Twitter.
Hi, I keyed in my birthdate and I was suspended because at the time of creation I was not ** years old. However, when I was redirected to a plea page I accidentally selected the wrong option (I entered my date of birth incorrectly). My elder sister (who was over ** at the time) and parents were informed and gave me their consent to create the account. Is it possible to restore access to my account (@s*sxbrina) as I am currently ** years old now? Please and thank you!
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We are waiting for GetHuman2595806 to fix the problem and share the solution with the rest of us customers.
See how GetHuman2595806 fixes it.


The January-February issue of Krytyka opens with an article by Vsevolod Rechytskyi on "The Simple Values of Constitutionalism" where the author examines the constitutional process of independent Ukraine and especially the flaws that underlie it and suggests some fundamental changes that would make it more organic and similar to Western practice. "A Ballad About a Window," a poem by Oleksandr Irvanets, may be taken as a literary commentary on the preceding. In "The Belorusian Tiananmen" the Belorusian opposition journalist Andrei Dynko discusses the events in Minsk during the Presidential elections of last December and the light they cast on the Lukashenko regime.
The Kyiv historian Andrii Portnov devotes his article on "The New Eastern Europe as Russia's Near Abroad" to the results of Europe's appeasement of Russia's "soft" expansionism, specifically its "gas war" and its projection of the notion of "The Russian World (russkiy mir)." A major result of this is the transformation of Ukraine, Moldova and Belarus into a buffer zone of Russian influence, which the Kremlin authorities use both for applying external, international pressure and for solidifying their internal authoritarian tendencies – as well as a convenient mechanism for contrasting this "chaotic and unpredictable" "near abroad" with Russia's own "stability." In "Beyond Resentment," a review of Vasyl Kuchabsky's Western Ukraine in Conflict with Poland and Bolshevism, 1918–1923, published by the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies (CIUS), Mykola Riabchuk discusses the historical antecedents of today's state of affairs as he addresses the western indifference in the wake of WW I to the independence of Russia's former colonies, which in the Ukrainian case was compounded by the political inexperience and clumsiness of Ukraine's leadership. The subject of Ukrainian and European, as well as Ukrainian-Polish relations is also discussed in Olena Betlii's "The Final Issue" which is devoted to the last, 2010, issue of the Zeszyty historyczne originally founded by Jerzy Giedroyc.
In "The Holocaust and the Holodomor as Challenges to Collective Memory" the Lviv historian Yarolsav Hrytsak does not set out to compare these genocides or even to question whether such comparisons are useful, but instead focuses on the way in which both came to be juxtaposed as intellectual and ideological constructs and what this says about historical memory in Ukraine and in other countries. His basic question devolves on whether Ukraine, Russia and Europe share at this time a common memory about both Hitlerite and Stalinist terror. His short answer is no, they do not. A commentary by Yuri Shapoval, "On Accepting and Knowing," which concludes a discussion held on the pages of Krytyka (see Nos. 3–5, 5–6, 9–10 and 11–12 for 2010) on Ukrainian attitudes toward the ideological legacy of the OUN, the UPA and Stepan Bandera, may also serve as an illustration of Hrytsak's argument.
In "Femen on a Background of Breasts" the Kyiv sociolinguist Maria Dmytrieva takes sharp issue with the article by Maria Maierchyk and Olha Plakhotnik, "Radical Femen and the New Women's Activism" (Krytyka, No. 11–12, 2010) which had attempted to see these activists as true feminists. This oposition between "true" and "simulated" feminist discourse is also examined by Tamara Zlobina in her "Dressing up Feminine as Successful Art Strategy" which focuses on the rhetoric and ideology of Maria Shubina and Alevtyna Kakhidze, both representing contemporary Ukrainian art, but differing in that Shubina expresses expectations of women that are characteristic of Ukrainian society while Kakhidze turns these expectations upside down. Kyiv art critics Olesia Ostrovska-Liuta ("The Artist in the Agora") and Lesia Prokopenko ("The Political Economy of Ukrainian Art") look at the way political topics are presented in Ukrainian art and the Ukrainian art market. In "Art Studies in the Anthropological Mode" Mariana Musii examines the art of Matvii Vaisberg and provides examples of his work.
In "A Broad Panorama of Small Prose" Marko Robert Stech of CIUS, drawing on his own experience as editor of an anthology of Ukrainian small prose in translation, ponders the question of what are anthologies, as indeed also questions as to what is "Ukrainian" and "contemporary" and in the process compares such younger writers as Oleh Lysheha, Serhii Zhadan and Yuri Izdryk with such older ones as Ihor Kostetsky, Emma Andijevska and Yuriy Tarnawsky.


We are back by popular demand with our brewery of the month NEW BELGIUM BREWERY! this month we're bringing you some New Belgium taps and Apps pairings like never before.
OH YEEA Ben and Jerry's beer! See you there!


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According to the letter, a 2014-15 House Oversight Committee investigation into the OPM data breaches found that the government needs to strengthen its cybersecurity requirements for Federal contractors. Though OMB released proposed guidance for feedback in September 2015, a finalized guidance has not been released.
The letter calls for OMB's response to the request by April 10, 2017.


preventive maintenance checklist. for cement plants - BINQ Mining . cement plant electrical preventive maintenance of ... daily regular maintenance of the milling machine; preventive maintenance activities in power plants ppt.
Erlangen – December 26, 2007 - The Siemens Industrial Solutions and Services Group (I&S) has received an order from Orascom Construction Industries, Egypt, to engineer and supply all the electrical equipment for the new cement works of the Al Safwa Cement Company, Saudi-Arabia.
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Wear appropriate protective equipment to avoid silica exposure when removing concrete residues from inside truck mixer drums. Vehicles Hazard: Poorly maintained or improperly handled vehicles can lead to crushing injuries at the plant site or other injuries for truck drivers.
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A new movie will be hitting cinemas in February of 2012 called Premium Rush. The trailer above gives plenty of the story line away. Do you think you'll be watching?
Oh I will most definitely be wathcing this movie. It stars my two favourite things: Bikes and Joseph Gordon-Levitt! Just try and stop me.
Maybe, If there is nothing much else on, perhaps the trailer does not do the film justice or maybe I just watched the film in the trailer!
Yes, I think I will go to see it as I really enjoy pacey action movies and that's what this looks like. Trouble is trailers often contain the best bits and give most of the story away, which seems to be the case here!
Must say the trailer had my adrenalin going.
I am not a courier, I don't jump reds or cut up traffic nor pedestrians, but TBH I stopped judging other cyclists recently even if they do so, because after commuting in London you realise cars are, after all, the number one reason we have traffic lights and pollution (air and noise).
So I am more willing to forgive a cyclist than a car driver for acts of random madness.
To answer your question, YES I will go and see the film.
I think I have an important appointment with something far more interesting that night….
Lots of film of NYC, a bit of drama, and possibly an answer to why people think bikes without gears or brakes are so cool? Yes, I'll watch it on Lovefilm or DVD. Let's face it, it won't get to many cinemas.
This is a rip off of the French movie "2 Seconds" or "Deux Secondes" in French about a female bicycle messenger which takes place in Quebec Canada. It was one of my favorite movies. I highly recommend it. The movie is in English. On DVD.Made in 1998.
Steve again-re movie Deux Secondes. I made a mistake. The movie takes place in Montreal Canada, not Quebec. And the actress is Charlotte Laurier.
It just made me think of Streetwise, transplanted to New York and turned up a few notches.
Oh crap. While I have a lot of respect for skilled fixie riders, this will just bring the fashionistas out in full force.


text:
Live With Carnegie Hall Series Continues in December with Episodes Curated by Marin Alsop & Michael Feinstein, A Musical Tribute to Members of the Medical Community, and a Celebration of the New York String Orchestra
Learn with Carnegie Hall Continues Wednesdays with Two Programs Featuring the Hall's National Youth Ensembles: NYO-USA, NYO2, and NYO Jazz
(New York, NY, November 19, 2020)— Carnegie Hall's free streaming series continues on Thursday evenings throughout December with new original Live with Carnegie Hall episodes curated by leading artists and Learn with Carnegie Hall programs on Wednesday afternoons featuring highlights from Carnegie Hall's three acclaimed national youth ensembles: the National Youth Orchestra of the United States of America (NYO-USA), NYO2, and NYO Jazz.
Tonight, Thursday, November 19 at 7:30 PM EST, Live with Carnegie Hall presents a tribute to the late Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Hosted by mezzo-soprano Isabel Leonard and including interviews with Justice Ginsburg's children, the episode celebrates and honors the groundbreaking justice who famously loved opera and classical music. The episode includes remarks and performances by vocalists Joyce DiDonato, Renée Fleming, Denyce Graves, and Patrice Michaels.
On Thursday, December 3 at 7:30 PM EST Carnegie Hall invites viewers to a celebration of Beethoven's 250th birthday in a program focusing on the "Ode to Joy" from the composer's Ninth Symphony. Originally scheduled to lead a yearlong project with performances of the Ninth Symphony across six continents, conductor Marin Alsop has transformed this celebration into the digital Global Ode to Joy, inviting organizations, artists, and people worldwide to share videos that inspire joy online. Along with Alsop, this special Live with Carnegie Hall program includes violinist and president of Beethoven-Haus Bonn Daniel Hope and former US poet laureate Tracy K. Smith, plus performances by Joyce DiDonato with Yannick Nézet-Séguin, and the Stay At Home Choir with the Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra.
On Thursday, December 10 at 7:30 PM EST, Michael Feinstein hosts an evening of classic crooner songs. Filmed at Vitello's—his 1940s-style club in California—Feinstein performs favorites from the Great American Songbook and jazz standards made famous by the likes of Frank Sinatra, Nat King Cole, Mel Tormé, and others.
On Thursday, December 17 at 7:30 PM EST, Carnegie Hall pays tribute to the medical community working on the frontlines in the fight against COVID-19, doing everything possible to keep the world healthy. When they are not in hospitals or research labs, many medical professionals find creative outlet as gifted musicians, longing for the day when we can all enjoy live concerts together again. This episode provides a platform for these modern-day heroes to showcase their musical talents, including a special performance by the National Virtual Medical Orchestra and a guest appearance by violinist Joshua Bell.
For more than 50 years, performances by the New York String Orchestra have been a Christmas Eve tradition at Carnegie Hall. In keeping with that legacy, on Thursday, December 24 at 7:30 PM EST, pianist Emanuel Ax hosts a tribute to the New York String Orchestra seminar which annually brings together talented young string players from across the country under the direction of Jaime Laredo. The episode revisits past performances and goes behind the scenes as this year's seminar goes online.
Throughout this fall, online audiences have had the opportunity each Wednesday to hear musical insights directly from some of the world's leading artists through a new video series highlighting excerpts from the rich catalogue of master classes for emerging artists presented by Carnegie Hall's Weill Music Institute (WMI). These programs are part of Learn with Carnegie Hall, a collection of online series that shares a range of WMI programming created for families, educators, and young musicians, exploring the power of music to spark growth, curiosity, and connection.
Rounding out the fall master class series, four-time Grammy Award-nominated jazz pianist Gerald Clayton hosts and leads an episode devoted to jazz piano on Wednesday, December 2 at 2PM EDT. The program will feature clips from the virtual workshop in which Clayton works with Seth Finch, Miles Lennox, and Hannah Mayer, three alumni from NYO Jazz, Carnegie Hall's premier summer program for gifted young jazz musicians. As part of the program, Clayton will work with the musicians on a mix of jazz standards and original compositions. For more information on workshops and masterclasses, please click here.
In December, viewers will also hear from musicians who have been a part of Carnegie Hall's three top-notch musical ensembles: the National Youth Orchestra of the United States of America (NYO-USA), NYO2, and NYO Jazz. In summer 2020, the annual summer training residency of the Hall's three national youth ensembles shifted to an all-digital format during which these outstanding teen musicians—hailing from 41 states across the US—recorded a range of lively virtual performances, directed by Emmy Award-winner Habib Azar.
On Wednesday, December 16 at 2PM EST Sean Jones, Artistic Director and Bandleader of NYO Jazz, hosts a virtual concert, featuring interviews with NYO Jazz alumni and performances from 2020. The episode will feature John Beasley's Fête dans la Tête—commissioned especially for the ensemble, which premiered the piece virtually earlier this year—Thad Jones's Cherry Juice, and Wycliffe Gordon's We're Still Here / He's Alright.
The series continues on Wednesday, December 23 at 2PM EST with an episode featuring performances from the musicians of NYO-USA and NYO2, hosted by Sarah Willis, horn player from the Berliner Philharmoniker, who will be joined by alumni from each ensemble. The concert will feature musical masterworks performed by the NYO-USA musicians including selections from Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring and Valerie Coleman's Umoja as well as a unique adaptation of Grieg's Morning Mood from Peer Gynt Suite No. 1 and excerpts from Rachmaninoff's Symphonic Dances performed by the musicians of by NYO2. Ms. Willis joined Learn with Carnegie Hall earlier this year, hosting a brass orchestral master class, now available for on-demand viewing.
Both Live with Carnegie Hall and Learn with Carnegie Hall stream for free on Carnegie Hall's webpage, as well as the Hall's Facebook and YouTube pages. A schedule of upcoming episodes as well as archived programs available for free on-demand viewing can be found on carnegiehall.org/live and carnegiehall.org/learn.
Live with Carnegie Hall features new original online programs that connect world-class artists with music lovers everywhere. The series features musical performances, storytelling, and conversations that offer deeper insights into great music and behind-the-scenes personal perspectives. Live with Carnegie Hall launched in April 2020 and has included episodes hosted by Joshua Bell, Tituss Burgess, Rosanne Cash, Judy Collins, Michael Feinstein, Renée Fleming, Angélique Kidjo, Kronos Quartet, Ute Lemper, Audra McDonald, Yannick Nézet-Séguin, Alisa Weilerstein, and more. A schedule of upcoming episodes as well as archived programs that are available for on-demand viewing can be found on carnegiehall.org/live.
"Through the reach of technology, Live with Carnegie Hall offers us the opportunity to bring people together to enjoy unique musical experiences at a time when we all need the uplifting inspiration of the arts more than ever," said Clive Gillinson, Executive and Artistic Director of Carnegie Hall. "We are excited to be able to share our virtual stage with some of the world's most extraordinary artists—representing the full range of music that is featured on Carnegie Hall's stages every day of the week. They will be joining us to personally curate these episodes, sharing their artistry, personal musical perspectives, and captivating stories."
In addition to live conversation and performance, Live with Carnegie Hall programming integrates historical or recent audio/video content drawn from concerts, master classes, and recordings. In most of the programs, artists engage with viewers in real time via social media, building an inspired sense of community.
Past Learn with Carnegie Hall programs have included master classes, Musical Explorers for families, and concerts featuring the Hall's Lullaby Project and Musical Connections programs. Throughout the COVID pandemic, the Hall has also continued to serve hundreds of thousands of people around the globe by pivoting most of its extensive music education and social impact programs to digital platforms, creating innovative initiatives designed to engage with families, educators, community members, and aspiring young musicians at home.
For a full list of free WMI online resources, please visit: carnegiehall.org/Explore/Learn.
Live with Carnegie Hall is made possible by Hope and Robert F. Smith.
Brought to you by: Bank of America.
Additional support has been provided by the Siegel Family Endowment.
Support for Learn with Carnegie Hall is provided by Hope and Robert F. Smith, and the Siegel Family Endowment.
Carnegie Hall also thanks generous supporters of the wide range of music education and social impact programs created by the Weill Music Institute.
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Read about concerts, education and social impact programs, and special events.
In-depth press kits are available for a number of programs.
We provide artist, hall, and performance images to the media upon request.
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Are you a journalist seeking press tickets or an interview? Get answers.
People and History
Read more information about our storied history.
Then and Now: Carnegie Hall History (PDF)
Clive Gillinson Biography


2020 Honda Insight EX CVT, Review, Interior – The historical past of hybrid motor vehicles is noted by creatively specific or, some could possibly say, bizarre-appearing patterns. The 2020 Honda Insight wants to money that style. Delivered through the cherished Honda Civic, the Honda Insight merges an excellent looking sedan body with extraordinary hybrid proficiency.


text:
Gold Mount��s ascent could continue in G1 Standard Chartered Champions & Chater Cup
Gold Mount has an air of mystique about him as he goes into Sunday's (28 May) HK$10 million G1 Standard Chartered Champions & Chater Cup (2400m); a Royal Ascot winner, no less, the four-year-old's fledgling Hong Kong career is already hinting at big days ahead.
"He's a horse with really good potential," trainer Tony Cruz said. "He'll need to take another step forward on Sunday, no doubt about it, but I do think he can finish in the frame."
The bay sealed his first G1 assignment with a smart effort at the end of April, running on from the tail to finish third in the G3 Queen Mother Memorial Cup Handicap at the course and distance. He had already impressed with a scything Sha Tin debut win over a mile back in late February, and, according to Cruz, his between-times failure in March's BMW Hong Kong Derby (2000m) should be forgiven.
"In the Derby, he got injured during the race when a horse seems to have crossed him and contacted his front cannon bone and cut him, so he was sore and lame and that's why he didn't perform," Cruz revealed.
"All in all, I'm pleased with his progression since he arrived here: he won his first race, which was at a mile, so I had to be very happy with that. Since then, he's finished third in the Queen Mother at the mile and a half and I was very happy with that, he ran on well."
Gold Mount's first-up win in a 1600m Class 2 showed that last year's impressive King George V Handicap (2400m) victor possesses smart toe to complement the stamina that carried him to a three and a quarter-length score in that Royal Ascot event.
Owner Pan Sutong was prompted to open his cheque book after that regal performance: Primitivo, as he was then known, departed Alan King's Barbury Castle yard, arrived at Sha Tin last September and was renamed Gold Mount.
Although lightly-raced on the Hong Kong circuit, Gold Mount stepped out eight times in Britain as he matured from an unremarkable debut for King in a low-key 1400m Wolverhampton maiden back in June, 2015. The British-bred finished sixth of 11 on the Tapeta at odds of 33/1.
But that juvenile season was all about education and development, and a gentle upward curve saw him end the term with a breakthrough win at start five, a mile nursery handicap at Windsor as the 6/4 favourite. A brace of handicap successes at 2200m and 2000m kicked off his three-year-old campaign, and then came the Ascot romp.
Gold Mount has certainly come a long way, in more ways than one, but Cruz appreciates that for all of his charge's burgeoning talent, Sunday's task is a stiff one. Werther, last year's Horse of the Year, leads the opposition, which also features Gold Mount's stablemate Blazing Speed, a two-time (2014 & 2016) Champions & Chater Cup hero, as well as the Queen Mother Memorial Cup one-two, the G1 winners Eagle Way and Helene Charisma.
"It's a Group 1 race, set-weights, so it's going to be difficult for him, but it's a small field, he likes the mile and a half and the owner is keen for him to take his chance," Cruz said.
And the trainer, who is chasing a fifth consecutive Standard Chartered Champions & Chater Cup, would be happy if the prevailing rain continued to fall over the coming days.
"If there's give in the ground on Sunday, he'll love it. He goes on anything but on Sunday I'd prefer him on a slower track," he said. Gold Mount's Ascot win was achieved on ground officially rated soft but he has also triumphed on good and good to firm.
"He's a small horse but, it's like I've said before, he's a Mini Cooper with a Porsche engine and he stays the trip, so he definitely goes there with a chance," Cruz added.
Multiple G1 winner Designs On Rome and Basic Trilogy complete the seven-runner line-up for this year's Standard Chartered Champions & Chater Cup.
Gold Mount opens his Hong Kong account over a mile at Sha Tin in February.
The Standard Chartered Champions & Chater Cup


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text:
import { logger } from "matrix-js-sdk/src/logger";

import { IConfigOptions } from "../IConfigOptions";
import { getEmbeddedPagesWellKnown } from '../utils/WellKnownUtils';
import { SnakedObject } from "./SnakedObject";

export function getHomePageUrl(appConfig: IConfigOptions): string | null {
    const config = new SnakedObject(appConfig);

    const pagesConfig = config.get("embedded_pages");
    let pageUrl = pagesConfig ? (new SnakedObject(pagesConfig).get("home_url")) : null;

    if (!pageUrl) {
        // This is a deprecated config option for the home page
        // (despite the name, given we also now have a welcome
        // page, which is not the same).
        pageUrl = (<any>appConfig).welcomePageUrl;
        if (pageUrl) {
            logger.warn(
                "You are using a deprecated config option: `welcomePageUrl`. Please use " +
                "`embedded_pages.home_url` instead, per https://github.com/vector-im/element-web/issues/21428",
            );
        }
    }

    if (!pageUrl) {
        pageUrl = getEmbeddedPagesWellKnown()?.home_url;
    }

    return pageUrl;
}

export function shouldUseLoginForWelcome(appConfig: IConfigOptions): boolean {
    const config = new SnakedObject(appConfig);
    const pagesConfig = config.get("embedded_pages");
    return pagesConfig
        ? ((new SnakedObject(pagesConfig).get("login_for_welcome")) === true)
        : false;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The middle school ministry team would like to invite you and your future middle school student(s) to attend our Open House on April 28 from 8:30-10:15am. We'll eat donuts, drink some coffee (for parents anyway), and then invite you all to stay for the remainder of our service to see what it looks like to be in one of our actual services. This Open House will replace their normal kid's class.
We are excited to meet you and walk with you through this next phase in your students life!


text:
Foreign Militaries
A Navy pilot's take: The Air Force doesn't have a pilot crisis, it has...
Thread starter dimsum
Start date 25 Apr 2017
The fact that aircrew junior officers don't have any leadership experience isn't unique to the USAF. On the Aurora fleet, until you're a Crew Commander (which isn't until your last year or so on your first operational tour, and even that's been very quick compared to "the old days"), generally you don't have any leadership role at all on squadron.
The United States Air Force is facing a crisis, seemingly a recent one, which will define the service for decades to come.
This "Dear Boss" letter is instructive for describing exactly why so many pilots are choosing not to stay in the Air Force, and are instead leaving to go to the airlines. There is a deep lack of faith in leadership at all levels of the Air Force, but especially at the Squadron Commander and above levels, and, from within, it seems that the organization is promoting toxic managers (not leaders) who are not promoted on their merits, but instead on how well they toe the party line.
Complaints range, but highlights are; a lack of accountability, protection of the deficient leaders at all costs, overemphasis on promotion versus performance, and too much "queep" (an Air Force term for paperwork). There is no single root cause for pilots bailing out in such large numbers, and the issue contains much more nuance than simple bad leadership, but there is a glaring problem that is a significant contributor, and helps illuminate the distinct lack of Air Force leadership: In the USAF pilots are not provided the opportunity for meaningful leader development. I will explain.
First, I need to lend some context. While I am a naval aviator, I have spent as much time with the Air Force as I have the Navy. I went to Air Force pilot training, known as UPT, I spent my operational tour in the only navy unit on Andersen Air Force base, and I am even married to an Air Force Officer, which gives me a slightly more in-depth view of the flying branch, and has allowed me to juxtapose some of my experiences against those of my Air Force compatriots. In the Air Force, junior officers, majors, and even higher ranking officers are pilots and only pilots. The Air Force values tactical and technical expertise, and therefore the center of an Air Force pilot's world until he or she, with rare exception, is put in command of a squadron honing the skill of employing their weapon system. The Navy, however, out of necessity does things very differently.
To explain, let me summarize some of my experiences as an operational junior officer.
After my third deployment, I had come home and been put into the role Search and Rescue Officer. This was my "ground job," one of many collateral duties assigned to every pilot. As SAR-O I was responsible for writing policy, maintaining pilot currencies, tracking missions launched and lives saved, and ensuring that all of my roughly 75 rescue swimmers were receiving the right training and qualifications, were on career progression, had all of their various paperwork in-order, and that their personal lives were copacetic enough for them to continue flying.
To do all this required daily interaction with pilots, enlisted aircrew, maintenance personnel, and every other office in the squadron. While this was not my first leadership role, (on my first deployment, only a few weeks in the squadron I was put in charge of some 30 maintenance personnel) I still made many mistakes, and to keep me on track I had a senior enlisted Master Chief, and several Petty Officers. My Master Chief had been in nearly 30 years, and mentored me, kept me out of trouble, and in a few instances gave stern and needed course corrections. I carried the lessons, both my mistakes and triumphs, into every consecutive leadership role, and forward to this day.
As you can see, Navy flying squadrons are structured differently from those of the Air Force. Everything that is needed to function away from home on deployment is included within maintenance, admin, etc, because of the shipboard environment. While this system is imperfect, it allows for leader development for its pilots from day one.
In the Air Force, pilots do none of this. Leadership, like strategic thought, is not something that can be taught in a short Command and Staff course, or a few weeks of Squadron Officer's School. Leadership is a continuous development process that requires making mistakes, and assuming increased responsibility over a long period of time, and it cannot occur by "just doing what the last guy did."
The first time most Air Force pilots are in real leadership roles, they are usually assuming command of a squadron, where instead of simple tactical proficiency being what matters, it is now leading and managing people that is crucial, a skill they have not had time to hone in the same way they have employing their weapon system. The Air Force does not have a pilot crisis, it has a leader development crisis, one in which leaders are not enabled to succeed because they are never given the tools to do so. You can't learn leadership by osmosis or entirely from a book, you learn it through experience.
To be fair, this answer may be unsatisfying to most Air Force personnel, because there is no easy fix, as current career tracks are well worn, and squadron composition is unlikely to change any time soon. The argument also does not address many of the cultural problems within the organization, notably that the only means to the highest levels of command is by being a pilot, which constitute a minority of personnel. It does not address the fact that expecting every leader to be Robin Olds is not a recipe for success. And it does not fix the queep.
But to begin fixing a problem, you have to be honest about the realities of the problem you face. The Navy also has its share of issues. In fact, my alma mater is one of the most fraught squadrons in the whole fleet, proving that not all leaders in the Navy are good. We also have a pilot shortage, albeit a less severe one, much of which derives from fatigue in pilots and aircraft due to significantly longer and more frequent deployments. However, at the end of the day, the fundamental mechanics and experiences that make an effective military leader can be found in the career of a Navy pilot, from day one. To build trust in leadership you have to have leaders who understand what it means to lead, not just to fly and fight.
https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/04/24/a-navy-pilots-take-the-air-force-doesnt-have-a-pilot-crisis-it-has-a-leadership-crisis/
So the follow-on question becomes: Is there a leadership problem in the RCAF? If so, are root causes the same? And what's the solution?
Since the RCAF is in love with USAF doctrine, methods and organizations (regardless if it makes sense for a country like Canada), I invite you to draw your own conclusions.
The USN, on the other hand (and in my own personal dealings) tends to get business done in a much more...down to earth down to earth fashion.
That was my experience as well, on both counts.
My personal pet peeve, which draws straight from the USAF, is calling our Maritime Assets ISR Assets instead, and then the path from that which had a Comd RCAF asking a small group of us in the back of a Sea King (Majs and Capts all) how it could better support ISR, targeting, and in effect his Air Force which revolves around one type of aircraft; the person in question didn't know or care how we supported the RCN.
That has been my continual experience, too.
I have been on exercises where the RCAF has attempted to remove the Sea Kings from the ASW serial, in order to haul VIPs ashore.
I see an annual effort to send Sea Kings to Ex Maple Flag in Cold Lake to do...?
The ATF concept is an absolute C2 disaster for embarked helos. When CFAWC did a site visit, they were not even aware of the NATO/USN Maritime Air Doctrine Structure. In effect, they were (are) trying to shoe horn MH and Auroras into a USAF-centric structure. The USAF does not do ASW, so there is not really a way of effectively handling that mission set. You then see absurdities at places like RIMPAC where all of the coalition MPAs and MHs are tasked/employed similarity- except Canada, who overlays a bloated national Comd structure that does not understand the mission and yet feels qualified to meddle in tactical details.
Part of this is our (12 Wing's) fault. The Wing does a terrible job of telling the RCAF about our caps/lims. When new, bright ideas are trotted out by the RCAF, the Wing tends to ignore them until it is too late, rather than try to effect them early, hoping it will just go away. A lot of the blame goes to the intellectual/doctrinal rigidity of the RCAF, which is so fighter/USAF/NORAD centric, it smothers everything else.
IMHO, of course.
Infanteer
Simple solution. Fleet Air Arm.
Infanteer said:
Will never happen again. Just like the army will never get back aviation.
You would be surprised what a good war can manage to throw in the dustbins of history ... or resuscitate. [
P.s.: Not that I am wishing for one, though.
Never say never. I bet you 30 years ago, people were saying we'd never have separate Army, Navy and Air Force organizations with distinctive uniforms and rank insignia!
But this is 2017...... >
(One can never know.)
FWIW, based on a few sets of orders, and subsequent activities, I've seen recently from our Junior Officers and SNCOs, all Class A reservists, the Army is doing something right with its leadership training.
Now of we Senior Officers could only get our thumbs out
http://www.rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca/en/cf-aerospace-warfare-centre/elibrary/journal/2014-vol3-iss4-03-letters-to-the-editor.page ... was also discussed amongst parts of the Command Team. Unfortunately, just another noise in the orchestra of problems known as 12 Wing... (well, at the time, I have no visibility anymore).
USAF does not do ASW, so there is not really a way of effectively handling that mission set. You then see absurdities at places like RIMPAC where all of the coalition MPAs and MHs are tasked/employed similarity- except Canada, who overlays a bloated national Comd structure that does not understand the mission and yet feels qualified to meddle in tactical details.
I wonder how the Aussies and Kiwis do it in RIMPAC, etc? Their MPRAs are under the Air Force and from what I saw of the Aussies, they have a very USAF-like structure as well.
I don't have experience on the West Coast outside of NORAD/NORTHCOM, so I can't ay directly. I would expect that, given that the USN owns PACOM (for example, every Commander has been an Admiral), and the PACAF AOC being right at Hickham, I would think that it has a distinctive Navy spin... I would also think that view of the world pervades the RIMPAC area???
MPRA's are a different beast again obviously. For some things they rightfully belong to the ACC (think Libya overland, Syria), as part of the ISRD's laydown. For other's, the need to be in direct support of the MCC. This can easily be accomplished by giving the MCC dedicated ATO lines, but often the ISRD pushed back because they want to be in control, even though they often don't consider MRPA's core assets. (By the way, ISRD's hate SCAR and Battlefield Interdiction missions, they think it is a waste of ordinance and strikers.) It is far less often that it is appropriate to task embarked air that way, although they should be tasked as available to support the ISRD. Strikers are different, but even then ACC's don't always understand that the MCC is going to hold back some embarked to keep his carrier from having a hole blown in the side...
When during a NATO exercise I saw an ACC task an MRPA line in the Baltic, that had plenty of friendly surface in area, as Maritime ISR with no indication if they were in Direct Support, Indirect Support, or Area Ops I realized that at least that ISRD had no clue how Maritime Warfare is conucted...
The ATF concept is an absolute C2 disaster for embarked helos.
"D4T, de CX, we've got small fast movers closing the HVU from the disengaged side and CS has requested you take position to cover them. Break dip and proceed to that location.
CX, de D4T, are you asking us to get within small arms range of these fast attack craft?
D4T, de CX, that is correct.
D4T, CX, de mother, concur all; D4T proceed to that location and cover the tanker.
All, de D4T, standby, this sounds dangerous, I'm just going to need to call 1 Wing in Winnipeg for permission..."
Lumber, it is actually the JFACC (played by the Air Div Comd, wearing his other hat) in Winnipeg,wrt deployed ops, but you are frighteningly close to the truth....
You should have seen the looks I got when I asked, "I know that our CAP has no Anti-Ship missiles, but if we were really desperate, who would I talk to about getting our CAP to close those enemy destroyers to within FBA range and strafe them with their guns, aiming to take our their radars?"
That does ignore one fact, though; 12 Wing and the RCN haven't been very good at times ensuring the Command relationship is correct.
The chain of Full Command for a HelAirDet is CDS, Comd RCAF, Comd 1 Cdn Air Div, Comd 12 Wing, Squadron Commander, Det Commander; the ship's CO is never in that Chain. This is because the Ship CO is not an aviation expert, and is a normal thing (not just for aviation).
This is also not solely a Cdn thing, it is true in the RN, and USN, and I would hazard a guess most properly functioning Naval Air Forces; the Canadian peculiarity is that it is an Air Force Chain of Command, not Naval Air. For instance, the full chain of Command for a Carrier Fighter Squadron is Squadron, Commander CVW (Carrier Air Wing, an embarked formation), Commander Naval Air Forces, CNO. When embarked the Wing is chopped over to the Commander Carrier Strike Group (but *not* the CO of the Carrier), and provides lines to and coordination with one (or more) ACC's as appropriate.
The HelAirDet should be chopped (OpCom and/or OpCon) to the Ship and/or the Task Group, and then further chopped as appropriate to coalition Command; the JFACC should normally have nothing to do with it except enabling the chop. However, the chop should be formal; the Command relationships should be sorted then and the situation Lumber said should never happen. That may need intervention from the next highest common Commander, which in the case of a HelAirDet would be the CDS. But once that formal chop is made and ordered, it's the final word. If the Commander 1 Cdn Air Div has withheld a risk level and the CDS has concurred then the Ship's CO doesn't get to change it. It is then the *responsibility* of the Crew Commander to inform the ship and the fleet the aircraft is not authorized to do that. If then given a formal order to do so anyway all bet's are off, but that would inherently mean the CO has disobeyed an order from the CDS; this is why you pay Commander's the big bucks.
However, I know you know all this. The JFACC enabling a proper chop is not what has been happening more and more, which is the JFACC trying to act like an ACC with a deployed HelAirDet on a day to day basis; I personally think this is leading to bad things. Enable them, prepare them, give them their formal restrictions, have them report what you need to know for fleet planning (hence why we always had to send back a message everyday), and let them get on with it getting their operational direction from the naval force.
... and in all this clean up the relationship between the Ship's CO and the larger Naval Force; they also need to understand that it is not simply "part of the ship's weapon system," and that sometimes it is better to employ them at the Task Group level. It's *not* the CO's personal helicopter...
... oh, and why does the Canadian model *continue* to perpetuate the confusion between Force Generators, and Force Employers, and all the associated dual hatting writ large??? If the JFACC inherently understood that there job was to task air forces on behalf of the JFC (ie CJOC) and not to exploit the Full Command relationship of 1 Cdn Air Div, these things might be easier.
What I really need to wrap my head around is why in any way I care anymore...
Lumber said:
That should be easy:
- ask the Force Anti Air Warfare Coordinator what the line number in the ATO says, it may already be authorized
- if no, is it a Force CAP, ie locally tasked. If so, contact the Carrier Strike Group Commander (and given it is locally tasked there is an assumption you are part of that CSG) and ask for retasking; if he agrees he'll tell the FAAWC to give it to you.
- if not locally tasked (which is unlikely in the Canadian context), contact the CAOC (Combined Air Operations Center; the one for the op, not the Canadian one, unless it is a Canadian op; for example for Unified Protector in Libya it was CAOC Poggio Renatico), and ask for re-task. They'll check whether or not they are allowed to be retasked. Although that should also be up through your Task Group and Task Force as well...
The reason for this is obvious; it may make perfect sense to you or even your ship's CO that is what they should be doing, but it is up to people that own them to determine if that is the best use for them and their capability to do so.
Baz said:
It make sense. I have to ask these questions, because when we're taught naval warfare, we're taught from the perspective that we (meaning individual warfare directors aboard ship) have to make all recommendations and request everything form the PWCs. The PWCs otherwise just sit there and watch us get shot at. In reality, I imagine (I hope) if shit was hitting the fan, there would be a very competent fleet staff of PWCs who would make these decisions for me. I shouldn't have to "recommend" to the ASuWC that something is or isn't a hostile warship, based on ISAR/VisID from the LRPA; the LRPA saw and reported them first. Either the LRPA should just finish his report with a recommendation, or the PWC should just say "roger report, I make..."
No, this KC-135's call sign is not 'T******,' Air Force says
Air Force to test enlisted airmen on good judgment and decision-making skills for 2022 promotions
USAF pins RQ-4B loss on crew error, control logic ignorance
Executive Officer of HMCS Kingston relieved of her duties
dangerboy
NY National Guard deploys for Christmas snow storm response
lenaitch


text:
Q: 12 volt connection globes and buzzer How do you connect 3 x 12V globes together with a buzzer. The 3 globes must work separately with its own switch, but each globe must work together with only one buzzer, eg if I switch on globe 1, the buzzer must also sound (without the other globes working) ,the same if I switch on globe 2, the buzzer must sound....,

A: The easy way is to use double-pole switches.
One pole of each switch would control one globe, while the second pole of all switches would be connected in parallel to control the buzzer.

A: You use diodes in a diode-OR configuration. The basic idea is that closing SW1 will feed voltage to lamp L1, and at the same time feed voltage to the buzzer through D1. Diodes D2 and D3 block this voltage from reaching L2 and L3 so they don't turn on at the same time.

simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab


text:
<?php

/**
 * WURFL Storage
 * @package	WURFL_Storage
 */
class WURFL_Storage_File extends WURFL_Storage_Base {

	private $defaultParams = array(
		"dir" => "/tmp",
		"expiration" => 0,
		"readonly" => 'false',
	);

	private $expire;
	private $root;
	private $readonly;

	const DIR = "dir";

	protected $supports_secondary_caching = true;

	public function __construct($params) {
		$currentParams = is_array($params)? array_merge($this->defaultParams, $params): $this->defaultParams;
		$this->initialize($currentParams);
	}

	public function initialize($params) {
		$this->root = $params[self::DIR];
		$this->expire = $params['expiration'];
		$this->readonly = ($params['readonly'] == 'true' || $params['readonly'] === true);
		$this->createRootDirIfNotExist();
	}

	private function createRootDirIfNotExist() {
		if (!is_dir($this->root)) {
			@mkdir ($this->root, 0777, true);
			if(!is_dir($this->root)){
				throw new WURFL_Storage_Exception("The file storage directory does not exist and could not be created. Please make sure the directory is writeable: ".$this->root);
			}
		}
		if(!$this->readonly && !is_writeable($this->root)){
			throw new WURFL_Storage_Exception("The file storage directory is not writeable: ".$this->root);
		}
	}

	public function load($key) {
		if (($data = $this->cacheLoad($key)) !== null) {
			return $data->value();
		} else {
			$path = $this->keyPath($key);
			$value = WURFL_FileUtils::read($path);
			if ($value === null) {
				return null;
			}
			$this->cacheSave($key, $value);
			return $this->unwrap($value, $path);
		}
	}

	private function unwrap($value, $path) {
		if ($value->isExpired()) {
			@unlink($path);
			return null;
		}
		return $value->value();
	}

	public function save($key, $value, $expiration=null) {
		$value = new StorageObject($value, (($expiration === null)? $this->expire: $expiration));
		$path = $this->keyPath($key);
		WURFL_FileUtils::write($path, $value);
	}

	public function clear() {
		$this->cacheClear();
		WURFL_FileUtils::rmdirContents($this->root);
	}

	private function keyPath($key) {
		return WURFL_FileUtils::join(array($this->root, $this->spread(md5($key))));
	}

	function spread($md5, $n = 2) {
		$path = "";
		for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) {
			$path .= $md5 [$i] . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
		}
		$path .= substr($md5, $n);
		return $path;
	}

}


text:
Q: Not able to register through frontend. Keeps saying Bad Request I am trying to build a basic authentication website using DJANGO and REACT. But there seems to be a problem in communication between frontend and backend. I have built a Rest API using DJANGO REST FRAMEWORK and authentication using KNOX whose code is as follows:
# api.py

from rest_framework import generics, permissions
from rest_framework.response import Response
from knox.models import AuthToken
from .serializers import UserSerializer, RegisterSerializer, LoginSerializer

# Register API
class RegisterAPI(generics.GenericAPIView):
    serializer_class = RegisterSerializer

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        user = serializer.save()
        return Response({
            "user": UserSerializer(user, context=self.get_serializer_context()).data,
            "token": AuthToken.objects.create(user)[1]
        })

# Login API
class LoginAPI(generics.GenericAPIView):
    serializer_class = LoginSerializer

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        user = serializer.validated_data
        return Response({
            "user": UserSerializer(user, context=self.get_serializer_context()).data,
            "token": AuthToken.objects.create(user)[1]
        })

# Get User API
class UserAPI(generics.RetrieveAPIView):
    permission_classes = [
        permissions.IsAuthenticated,
    ]
    serializer_class = UserSerializer

    def get_object(self):
        return self.request.user

# serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate

# User serializer
class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ('id', 'username', 'email')

# Register serializer
class RegisterSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ('id', 'username', 'email', 'password')
        extra_kwargs = {'password': {'write_only': True}}

    def create(self, validated_data):
        user = User.objects.create_user(
            validated_data['username'],
            validated_data['email'],
            validated_data['password']
            )
        return user

# Login serializer
class LoginSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    username = serializers.CharField()
    password = serializers.CharField()

    def validate(self, data):
        user = authenticate(**data)
        if user and user.is_active:
            return user
        raise serializers.ValidationError("Incorrect Credentials")

I have tried and tested all the REST API urls using the django rest framework and Postman. They work fine. Here is my frontend code:
// Register.js

import React, { Component } from 'react';

class Register extends Component{
    constructor(props){
        super(props);
        this.state={
            email:'',
            password:'',
            username:''
        }
    }
    onNameChange = (event) => {
        this.setState({username:event.target.value})
    }
    onEmailChange = (event) => {
        this.setState({email:event.target.value})
    }
    onPasswordChange = (event) => {
        this.setState({password:event.target.value})
    }
    onSubmitSignin = () => {
        fetch('http://localhost:8000/api1/auth/register',{
            method: 'post',
            headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
            body: JSON.stringify({
                email: this.state.email,
                password: this.state.password,
                name: this.state.username
            })
        })
        .then(resp => resp.json())
        .then(user=>{
            if(user.id){
                this.props.loadUser(user);
                this.props.onRouteChange('home');
            }
        })
    }
    render(){
        return (

                        <fieldset id="sign_up" className="ba b--transparent ph0 mh0">
                            <legend className="f1 fw6 ph0 mh0">Register</legend>

                                Name
                                <input className="pa2 input-reset ba bg-transparent hover-bg-black hover-white w-100" type="email" name="name"
                                id="name"
                                onChange={this.onNameChange} />

                                Email
                                <input className="pa2 input-reset ba bg-transparent hover-bg-black hover-white w-100" type="email" name="email-address"  id="email-address"
                                onChange={this.onEmailChange}
                                />

                                Password
                                <input className="b pa2 input-reset ba bg-transparent hover-bg-black hover-white w-100" type="password" name="password"  id="password"
                                onChange={this.onPasswordChange}
                                />

                        </fieldset>

                            <input onClick={this.onSubmitSignin} className="b ph3 pv2 input-reset ba b--black bg-transparent grow pointer f6 dib" type="submit" value="Register" />

        );
    }

}

export default Register;

Now, everytime I click on the Register button, there is no response from the site and on the terminal it shows:
Bad Request: /api1/auth/register
"POST /api1/auth/register HTTP/1.1" 400 40

I have searched alot related to this error but not able to find any solution.

A: The bad request means that probably there is something wrong with data send to the server.
What you are sending:
onSubmitSignin = () => {
        fetch('http://localhost:8000/api1/auth/register',{
            method: 'post',
            headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
            body: JSON.stringify({
                email: this.state.email,
                password: this.state.password,
                name: this.state.username
            })
        })

So your POST data has email, password, name. In the serializer you have:
user = User.objects.create_user(
            validated_data['username'],
            validated_data['email'],
            validated_data['password']
            )

So it looks that username is missing. Please try to send data in React:
onSubmitSignin = () => {
        fetch('http://localhost:8000/api1/auth/register',{
            method: 'post',
            headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
            body: JSON.stringify({
                email: this.state.email,
                password: this.state.password,
                username: this.state.username
            })
        })


text:
USA/Africa: Sign-On Letter to Treasury Secretary
Africa Action Document
Africa Policy Electronic Distribution List: an information service provided by AFRICA ACTION (incorporating the Africa Policy Information Center, The Africa Fund, and the American Committee on Africa). Find more information for action for Africa at http://www.africaaction.org
Issue Areas: +economy/development+ +US policy focus+
SUMMARY CONTENTS:
This posting contains a letter initiated by Africa Action and TransAfrica Forum to U.S. Treasury Secretary Paul O'Neill, in advance of his trip to Africa later this month. As the cover note below explains, we are inviting additional signatures from organizations in the U.S. and Africa, to be included when the letter is sent to Secretary O'Neill. See the note below for the deadline and e-mail address to use to sign on. Signatories already include ActionAid USA and Fifty Years is Enough. After the letter is sent, the full list of signatories will be made available on the Africa Action and TransAfrica Forum web sites. TransAfrica Forum's web site is http://www.transafricaforum.org
[May 20: The names of 110 groups signing before delivery of the letter on May 17 are listed below at the end of the letter.]
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Please consider signing on to the following letter to Paul O'Neill, Secretary of the U.S. Treasury, in advance of his upcoming trip to Africa. He leaves next Monday, May 20, for an 11-day trip that includes stops in Ghana, South Africa, Uganda and Ethiopia.
This letter, initiated by Africa Action and TransAfrica Forum, urges a new U.S. policy approach to Africa's development challenges, based on the cancellation of Africa's illegitimate external debt and increased U.S. public investment in social development, particularly in responding to Africa's health crisis. It is very important that these critical issues be raised by as many groups as possible as the Secretary travels to Africa for the first time.
The letter will be sent to the U.S. Treasury on Friday, May 17, and will be released to the press on Monday, May 20, as the Secretary leaves for Ghana on the first leg of his trip.
To sign on, please send your name, title and organization to alcolgan@africaaction.org by 5pm on Thursday, May 16. Please send organizational signatures only. Signatories already include ActionAid USA and Fifty Years is Enough.
Please circulate this letter widely for maximum sign-ons.
Ann-Louise Colgan, Africa Action
Mr. Paul O'Neill
Secretary of the U.S. Treasury
Dear Secretary O'Neill,
As you prepare to travel to Africa for the first time at the end of this month, we write to urge a new U.S. policy approach to Africa's development challenges. We believe that U.S. efforts to support Africa's development should focus on the priority concerns of African countries. The Bush Administration should begin by removing the most obvious impediment to reducing poverty in Africa: the burden of illegitimate foreign debt. The U.S. should also support African initiatives with increased public investment in social development.
The Millennium Challenge Account, proposed by President Bush as a new vehicle for delivering U.S. bilateral aid to poor countries, is inappropriately designed for promoting development in Africa. An over-emphasis on the exaggerated benefits of free trade and the private sector as the engine of economic growth is flawed. A successful development agenda should be based on human development. Greater investment in people through health and education is proven to reduce poverty and promote economic growth. What is required is a significant commitment of resources from donors and creditors alike, and a new approach to partnership between rich and poor countries. A true partnership would not attempt to place the burden for sustaining health and education services on the shoulders of the poor through cost recovery measures such as user fees and the privatization of public utilities.
While we agree that both rich and poor countries should be held accountable, we strongly oppose the principle of tying aid to specific criteria, including economic policies and governance conditions, defined by Washington. It is correct to demand that resources be used effectively to achieve their intended purposes, but the monitoring mechanisms should be independent rather than unilaterally imposed by donors. The performance of both recipient countries and donor agencies should be evaluated in open and transparent processes, including participation by independent experts and representatives of civil society. For development to be successful, it will require a paradigm shift away from dictating policy to poor countries, toward supporting the poverty reduction initiatives defined by these countries.
We certainly welcome moves towards more realistic levels of development assistance, but the increase proposed by President Bush is still too little, too late. These sums are considerably less than what the U.S. -- in terms of its wealth and its share of the world economy -- should provide. Unless the world's single richest country increases its investment in poverty reduction, meeting the Millennium Development Goals will be impossible. Moreover, the two year delay in instituting the proposed increase in aid is unacceptable when the need for greater resources is immediate.
Most crucially of all, the Millennium Challenge Initiative fails to address Africa's debt crisis. Unconditional debt cancellation must be central to any effort to promote Africa's development. So long as African countries are forced to spend almost $15 billion per year repaying debts to rich foreign creditors, their efforts to address urgent domestic needs will be undermined. Increased development assistance from foreign donors will achieve little when this trickle of additional resources is more than offset by the unconscionable outward flow of debt repayments. Africa's debt is not only unsustainable, it is fundamentally illegitimate. As you well know, most loans were given for strategic purposes, to prop up repressive and corrupt regimes in the context of the Cold War. Now, Africa's people are repaying huge debts which were mainly incurred before their time and which did not benefit them.
The current international debt relief framework, the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative, has failed to provide a solution to Africa's debt crisis. Even by the World Bank's own criteria, this initiative is not even reducing debt to "sustainable levels." Most African countries still spend many times more on debt repayments than on health care for their own people. The hemorrhaging of resources from African countries to repay foreign debts is the single largest impediment to the continent's development and economic independence.
Debt cancellation should be the very first priority of any U.S. initiative that seeks to promote Africa's growth. The U.S. should use its powerful position at the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) to move these institutions in this direction.
African efforts to respond to the continent's devastating health crisis and related economic and social challenges are crucial to the continent's future. U.S. assistance in support of these efforts is an appropriate form of public investment. This is not charity, but rather an obligation and a responsibility of all rich countries.
Moreover, increased investment in addressing the spread and impact of the HIV/AIDS crisis in Africa will prove highly effective in promoting sustainable growth. The pandemic has already cost millions of African lives, and the social and economic effects of the health crisis are undermining development across the continent. African governments do not command sufficient resources to tackle this global challenge alone. The U.S., as the richest country in human history, must provide far greater leadership and resources in combating the worst plague ever faced by humankind.
Mr. Secretary, your trip to Ghana, South Africa, Uganda and Ethiopia will afford you the opportunity to experience conditions in these countries first-hand. You must meet with African civil society groups in these countries, as well as with government agencies, to truly gain an understanding of the concerns they share and the challenges they face. You will, no doubt, learn about the official African initiative called the New Partnership for African Development (NEPAD). It is the most ambitious self-driven African development plan for a generation. But it is still an emerging initiative that is not yet fully informed by the participation of African civil society. It cannot become the basis for a partnership between African governments and rich country governments until it has first become a partnership between African governments and their own people, in which there is shared ownership reflected through the active engagement of African trade unions and civil society organizations. NEPAD will be at the top of the agenda of the G8 Summit in Canada next month. We will share our concerns with all of the Finance Ministers of the G8 countries in advance of that meeting.
In the meantime, we urge you to use your influence within the U.S. government and the World Bank and IMF to call for a new approach to the development challenges of Africa, based on the priorities outlined in this letter.
U.S. Groups:
Rev. Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker, President, Religious Action Network (RAN)
James M. McGee, National President, National Alliance of Postal and Federal Employees
Irungu Houghton, ActionAid USA
Njoki Njoroge Njehu, Director, 50 Years is Enough Network
The Rev'd Canon Benjamin Musoke-Lubega, The Episcopal Church Office of the Anglican and Global Relations
Dr. Hilbert D. Stanley, Executive Director, National Black Catholic Congress
Marie Clarke, Director, Jubilee USA Network
Rev. Elenora Giddings Ivory, Director, Washington Office, Presbyterian Church (USA)
Dr. Valora Washington, Executive Director, Unitarian Universalist Service Committee
Naina Dhingra, Student Global AIDS Campaign
Deborah James, Fair Trade Director, Global Exchange
Fr. Phil Reed, Coordinator, Justice & Peace Office, Society of Missionaries of Africa
Leon Spencer, Executive Director, Washington Office on Africa
Asfaha Hadera, Executive Director, African Services Committee, Inc.
Lonnie Turner, Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, Washington office
Claire Slattery, Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era (DAWN)
Neil Watkins, Center for Economic Justice
Tony Vento, Program Director, Pax Christi, USA
Kris Hermes, Health GAP
Kathleen McNeely, Program Associate, Maryknoll Office for Global Concerns
Marie Saint Cyr, Executive Director, Iris House, Inc.
Tom Barry, Co-Director, Foreign Policy in Focus
Dr. Paul Zeitz, Executive Director, Global AIDS Alliance
Darryl Fagin, Legislative Director, Americans for Democratic Action (ADA)
Bernard N. Somdah, Co-Chair, Oregon Africa Council
Steve Hellinger, President, The Development GAP
Paul Tennessee, World Confederation of Labor
Heeten Kalan, Director, South African Exchange Program on Environmental Justice, Boston
Nancy Alexander, Director, Citizens' Network on Essential Services
Wenonah Hauter, Director, Critical Mass Energy and Environment Project, Public Citizen
Sara Grusky, U.S. Coordinator, International Water Working Group
Marjorie Van Cleef, Coordinator, CT Peace Coalition/New Haven
Mary Turgi, Director, Holy Cross International Justice Office
Diana Bohn, Treasurer, San Francisco Bay Area Jubilee Debt Cancellation Coalition
Maura Browne, Justice & Peace Coordinator, Sisters of Notre Dame
Nancy McLaughlin PBVM, Chair, Conference of Social Justice Coordinators of Northern CA
John Iversen, ACT UP/East Bay, Oakland, CA
Elaine Hickman, Coordinator, Jubilee Northwest Coalition
Barbara Lubin, Middle East Childrens Alliance, Berkeley, CA
Lou Merle, Elders for Survival, Berkeley, CA
Marion Irvine, OP, Promoter of Social Justice, Dominican Sisters of San Rafael
Peter J. Davies, U.S. Representative, Saferworld
Dr. Bruce Roberts, Organizer, the Africa Interest Group, Minnesota
Rosemary Everett, snjm, Sisters of the Holy Names, CA Province Justice and Peace Committee
Dr. Marcia E. Sutherland, Co-Chair, Save Africa From AIDS (SAFA) Campaign
Christina M. Vogt, Executive Director, Genderwatchers
Fr. James E. Hug, Center of Concern
Stephanie Alston, Executive Director, West Africa Rainforest Network
Bob Kinsey, Peace and Justice Task Force, Rocky Mountain Conference, United Church of Christ
Dena Montague, Research Associate, World Policy Institute
Mike Prokosch, Global Program Coordinator, United for a Fair Economy
Chike C. Nwoffiah, Executive Director, Oriki Theater, CA
Rev. Elizabeth A. Braddon, Pastor, Park Slope United Methodist Church, Brooklyn, NY
Christine Vladimiroff, OSB, Prioress, Benedictine Sisters of Erie, PA
Lindsey T. Allard, Caribbean Education Forum student organization, Harvard University
Jacqueline Rose, MPH, Health Planner, New Orleans Regional AIDS Planning Council
Janet Gottschalk, Director, Alliance for Justice; Medical Mission Sisters
William J. Appel, Director, Metro Justice of Rochester
Ann Oestreich, IHM, Congregation Justice Coordinator, Sisters of the Holy Cross, Notre Dame
Cathy Arata, SHALOM: Justice, Peace Integrity of Creation Network of the School Sisters of Notre Dame
Tina Geiger, RSM, Institute Justice Office, Sisters of Mercy of the Americas
Clare Nolan, Congregation of the Sisters of the Good Shepherd
Sharon Altendorf PBVM, Executive Director, International Presentation Association of the Sisters of the Presentation
Mary Rose Kaczorowski, Plight of the Redwoods Campaign, CA
Chuks D. Eleonu, Secretary, African Alliance Foundation
Manna Jo Greene, Hudson Valley Sustainable Communities Network
Mwariama Kamau, 2nd Vice President, Universal Negro Improvement Association - African Communities League (UNIA-ACL) Division #330
Leslie Reindl, Administrator, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, Minnesota Metro Branch
Marie Catherine Rabbitt, SL, President, Sisters of Loretto and Loretto Community
Rev. Paul J. Ewers, Comboni Missionaries of New Jersey
Sr. Maria Hornung, North American Assembly of Medical Mission Sisters
Tom Ricker, Policy Coordinator, Quixote Center/Quest for Peace
Steve Watrous, Coordinator, Wisconsin Fair Trade Campaign
Africa Groups:
Zackie Achmat, Chairperson, Treatment Action Campaign (South Africa)
Mary Kusambiza, Executive Director, Uganda Association of Women Lawyers (FIDA Uganda)
William Ahadzie, Coordinator, Center for Budget Advocacy (Ghana)
Lorato Banda, Institute for Democracy in South Africa
Dr. Willy Mutunga, Executive Director, Kenya Human Rights Commission
Dede Bedu-Addo, Regional Gender Coordinator, ActionAid Regional Office, Ghana
Florence Kaddu Mulumba, Secretary, Lungujja Women's Association, Uganda
L. Muthoni Wanyeki, Executive Director, African Women's Development and Communications Network (FEMNET)
Ngunga Tepani, Information Technology Officer, Tanzania Association of Non-Governmental Organizations (TANGO)
Kagqiria Mbogori, Executive Director, International Commission of Jurists (Kenya Section)
Dr. Omofolabo Ajayi, Nigerian Alliance for Democracy
Janet Feldman, Director, Kenya AIDS Intervention/Prevention Project Group (KAIPPG/International)
Christine Mukamazimpaka, Education and Gender Officer, ActionAid Rwanda
Demba Moussa Dembele, Director, Forum for African Alternatives (Senegal)
Njoki S. Ndungu, Director, Center for Legal Information and Communication in Kenya
Dr. Abdel-Fatau Musah, Senior Program Officer, Open Society Initiative for West Africa
Dr. Mobolaji E. Aluko, Nigerian Democratic Movement (NDM)
Andy Mensah, President, Ghana Union
Akin Amaka-Ojomo, Executive Secretary, Continental Africa Network, US
David Ugolor, President, African Network for Environmental and Economic Justice (Nigeria)
Esther Chege, Executive Director, Young Women's Institute, Kenya
Dr. Meto Edgar Onwuamaegbu, Group Moderator, Flashpoint-Nigeria
Dr. John Dada, Program Director, Fantsuam Foundation, Nigeria
Hoteph Osiris, Chief Elder, The Pan-Afrikan International Movement
Dr. Henry Uro-chukwu, President, International Association of Nigerian Students
Ms Nneka Uchenna Ifeka, Women Economic Empowerment Action
Saba Berhane, Ethiopian Community Development Council, Inc. (ECDC)
Other Groups:
Jeff Powell, Communications and Research Officer, Bretton Woods Project, UK
Diana Bohn, Nicaragua Center for Community Action
Toyin, Director, Ligali.org
Betty Nicolaisen, Vice President, Norwegian Peace Society
Leif John Fosse, Environment & Development Adviser, WWF-Norway
Gunhild Ørstavik, Coordinator, The Norwegian Forum for Environment and Development
Elsie Dean, Corresponding Secretary, Women's International League for Peace & Freedom, (British Columbia Branch, Canadian Section)
Arne Kjell Raustøl, Adviser, Norwegian Interdenominational Ofc for Development Cooperation
Albert Gyan, Jr., Coordinator, Kairos Europa
Oddvar Espegren, Stromme Foundation, Norway
Rita A. Clark, Director, Nicaragua-U.S. Friendship Office
Additional Signatures received after May 20
Elder Ron Gross, Chairman, Passaic County (NJ) Reparations Coalition
Arthur Haywood, Africa AIDS Action Committee, Philadelphia, PA
Beverly Keene, Coordinator, Jubilee South
Marchel Smiley, National President, African American Caucus, SEIU
This material is distributed by Africa Action (incorporating the Africa Policy Information Center, The Africa Fund, and the American Committee on Africa). Africa Action's information services provide accessible information and analysis in order to promote U.S. and international policies toward Africa that advance economic, political and social justice and the full spectrum of human rights.
URL for this file: http://www.africafocus.org/docs02/us0205.php


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