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Alexandru Averescu (; 9 March 1859 – 2 October 1938) was a Romanian marshal, diplomat and populist politician. A Romanian Armed Forces Commander during World War I, he served as Prime Minister of three separate cabinets (as well as being interim Foreign Minister in January–March 1918 and Minister without portfolio in 1938). He first rose to prominence during the peasants' revolt of 1907, which he helped repress with violence. Credited with engineering the defense of Moldavia in the 1916–1917 Campaign, he built on his popularity to found and lead the successful People's Party, which he brought to power in 1920–1921, with backing from King Ferdinand I and the National Liberal Party (PNL), and with the notable participation of Constantin Argetoianu and Take Ionescu.

His controversial first mandate, marked by a political crisis and oscillating support from the PNL's leader Ion I. C. Brătianu, played a part in legislating land reform and repressed communist activities, before being brought down by the rally of opposition forces. His second term of 1926–1927 brought a much-debated treaty with Fascist Italy, and fell after Averescu gave clandestine backing to the ousted Prince Carol. Faced with the People Party's decline, Averescu closed deals with various right-wing forces and was instrumental in bringing Carol back to the throne in 1930. Relations between the two soured over the following years, and Averescu clashed with his fellow party member Octavian Goga over the king's attitudes. Shortly before his death, he and Carol reconciled, and Averescu joined the Crown Council.

Averescu, who authored over 12 works on various military topics (including his memoirs from the frontline), was also an honorary member of the Romanian Academy and an Order of Michael the Brave recipient. He became a Marshal of Romania in 1930.

Early life and career
Averescu was born in Babele, United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (later renamed to Alexandru Averescu, today Ozerne, a village northwest of Izmail, Ukraine). The son of Constantin Averescu, who held the rank of sluger, he studied at the Romanian Orthodox seminary in Izmail, then at the School of Arts and Crafts in Bucharest (intending to become an engineer). In 1876, he decided to join the Gendarmes in Izmail.

Seeing action as a cavalry sergeant with the Romanian troops engaged in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878, he was decorated on several occasions, but was later moved to reserve (after failing his medical examination due to the effects of frostbite). He was, however, reinstated later in 1878, and subsequently received a military education in Romania, at the military school of Târgoviște (Dealu Monastery), and in Italy, at the Military Academy of Turin. Averescu married an Italian opera singer, Clotilda Caligaris, who had been the prima donna of La Scala. His future collaborator and rival Constantin Argetoianu stated that Averescu "chose Mrs. Clotilda at random".

Upon his return, Averescu steadily climbed through the ranks. He was head of the Bucharest Military Academy (1894–1895), and, in 1895–1898, Romania's military attaché in the German Empire; a colonel in 1901, he was advanced to the rank of brigadier general and became head of the Tecuci regional Army Command Center in 1906.

Before the World War, he led the troops in crushing the 1907 peasants' revolt — where he engaged in using very harsh means of repression, especially when dealing with soldiers who refused to fight against the rebels — and was subsequently Minister of War in Dimitrie Sturdza's National Liberal Party (PNL) cabinet (1907–1909). According to the recollections of Eliza Brătianu, a split occurred between him and the PNL after Averescu attempted to advance various political goals — the conflict erupted when he sought support with King Carol I and then, as the National Liberals deeply resented Romania's alliance with the Central Powers, he approached the Germans for backing.

Subsequently, he was commander of the First Infantry Division (stationed in Turnu Severin) and, later, of the Second Army Corps in Craiova. In 1912, he became a major general, and, in 1911–1913, he was Chief of the General Staff. In the latter capacity, Averescu organized the actions of Romanian troops operating south of the Danube in the Second Balkan War (the campaign against Bulgaria, during which his troops met no resistance).

World War and first cabinet

During the World War (which Romania entered in 1916), General Alexandru Averescu led the Second Romanian Army in the successful defense of the Predeal Pass, and was then moved to the head of the Third Army (following the latter's defeat in the Battle of Turtucaia). He commanded Army Group South in the Flămânda operation against the Third Bulgarian Army and other forces of the Central Powers, ultimately stopped by the German offensive (Averescu's forces did not register important losses, and orderly retreated to Moldavia, where Romanian authorities had taken refuge from the successful German operations).

Averescu again led the Second Army to victory in the Battle of Mărăști (August 1917); his achievements, including his brief breakthrough at Mărăști, were considered impressive by public opinion and his officers. However, several military historians rate Averescu and his fellow Romanian generals very poorly, arguing that, overall, their direction of the war "could not have been worse". Despite controlling an army of 500,000 plus 100,000 Russian reinforcements, they were defeated by a German-Austrian-Bulgarian army of 910,000 in less than four months of combat.

Averescu was widely seen as the person behind a relatively successful resistance to further offensives on Moldavia (the single piece of territory still held by the Romanian state), and he was considered by many of his contemporaries to have stood in contrast to what was seen as endemic corruption and incompetence. The state of affairs, together with the October Revolution in Russia, was to be blamed for the eventual Romanian surrender to the Central Powers; promoted Premier by King Ferdinand I during the period of crisis, Averescu began armistice talks with August von Mackensen in Buftea and Focșani, but was vehemently opposed to the terms — he resigned, leaving the Alexandru Marghiloman cabinet when it signed the Treaty of Bucharest. Despite Averescu's talks yielding no result, he was repeatedly attacked by his political adversaries for having initiated them.

During the period, he also faced a Russian Bolshevik military action: just before Averescu came to power, as Russia's Leon Trotsky negotiated the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany, the Rumcherod administrative body in Odessa, led by Christian Rakovsky, ordered an offensive from the east into Romania. In order to prevent further losses, Averescu signed his name to a much-criticized temporary armistice with the Rumcherod; eventually, Rakovsky was himself faced with a German offensive (sparked by the temporary breakdown of negotiations at Brest-Litovsk), and had to abandon both his command and the base in Odessa.

People's Party

Character
Averescu quit the army in the spring of 1918, aiming for a career in politics — initially, with a message that was hostile to the National Liberal Party (PNL) and its leader Ion I. C. Brătianu.

He presided over the People's Party (initially named People's League), and he was immensely popular especially among peasants after the end of the war. His force had an appealing populist message, translated into vague promises and relying on the image of the General: peasants had been promised land at the beginning of the war (and they were being rewarded with it at the very moment, through an agrarian reform that reached its full scope in 1923); they had formed the larger part of the Army, and had come to see Averescu as the one to fulfill their expectations, as well as a figure who was still commanding their allegiance. Eliza Brătianu, the PNL leader's wife, placed Averescu's ascension in the context of Greater Romania's creation through the addition of Bessarabia, Bukovina, and Transylvania (while making use of the condescending National Liberal tone towards the Romanian National Party that was emerging triumphant in previously Austro-Hungarian Transylvania):
"[The] so very harsh losses [during the war], the defeats suffered by the Old Kingdom, the traces of foreign domination in the newly acquired provinces, but most of all the state of unhealthy euphoria that had taken hold of Transylvania, who had begun, in all good faith, to believe that only she had made the union happen, all of these have created a sort of insecurity within the borders of [Greater Romania]."

As the movement initially tended to describe itself as a social trend rather than a political party, it also attracted former members of the Conservative Party (such as Constantin Argetoianu, Constantin Garoflid, and Take Ionescu), military men such as Constantin Coandă, the Democratic Nationalist Party leader A. C. Cuza, the notorious supporters of dirigisme Mihail Manoilescu and Ştefan Zeletin, the moderate nationalist Duiliu Zamfirescu, the future diplomat Citta Davila, the journalist D. R. Ioaniţescu, the left-wing agrarianist Petru Groza, the Bukovinian leader Iancu Flondor, and the lawyer Petre Papacostea. Additional support came from Transylvanian activists such as Octavian Goga and Teodor Mihali, who had previously left the Romanian National Party there in protest over the policies of its president Iuliu Maniu. Nevertheless, the People's Party did attempt to approach Maniu for an alliance at various intervals after summer 1919 (according to Argetoianu, their attempts were frustrated by King Ferdinand I, whose relationship with Maniu was cordial at the time, and who allegedly stated "Maniu is no one else's! Maniu is mine!").

The grouping also established close links with Garda Conștiinței Naționale (GCN, "The National Awareness Guard"), a reactionary group formed by the electrician Constantin Pancu, engaged in violence against communist activists in Iași (the latter were feared by Averescu as well). Nevertheless, in late 1919, Averescu and Argetoianu approached the Socialist Party of Romania and its associate, the Social Democratic Party of Transylvania and Banat, with an offer for collaboration, negotiating the matter with the parties' reformist leaders — Ioan Flueraş, Ilie Moscovici, and Iosif Jumanca. At the time, Argetoianu claimed, his conversations with Moscovici revealed the fact that the latter was growing suspicious of the party's far left wing, where "the blanket-maker Cristescu and others were agitating". Averescu proposed merging the two parties, as a distinct section, into the People's Party; he was refused, and talks broke down when the general expected the Socialists to support his electoral platform.

Impact
According to Eliza Brătianu (who was comparing Averescu with the French rebel soldier Georges Boulanger), several voices inside his movement called on Averescu to lead a republican coup d'état against King Ferdinand and her husband — a move allegedly prevented only by the general's loyalism. Argetoianu, who admitted that "I shook hands with Averescu [...] expecting a dictatorial regime", claimed that, during his stay in Italy, the general had been decisively influenced by Radicalism and the Risorgimento movement. This, in Argetoianu's view, was the cause for his repeated involvement in conspiracies; he recalled that, in 1919, Davila's house was the scene of regular reunion of officers, who plotted Brătianu's ousting and pondered dethroning the king (in this version of events, Averescu initially accepted to be proclaimed dictator, but, around October of that year, called on conspirators to renounce their plan).

Aiming to answer most of Romania's social and political issues, the League's founding document called for:
"A land reform, with the passage of the land which is at the moment expropriated only on principle [ - a reference to the 1917 promise for a land reform] into the effective and immediate ownership of villagers through the means of communes; an electoral reform, through universal suffrage, direct election, secret ballot, and compulsory voting, with representation given to ethnic minorities, since the latter would not hinder the free manifestation of political individualities; administrative decentralization."

According to Argetoianu,
"in the autumn of 1919, [Averescu's] popularity had reached its peak. In the villages, people would dream of him, some swore that they had seen him descending from an airplane into their midst, others, who had fought in the war, told that they had lived by his side in the trenches, it was through him that hopes were solidified, and he was expected of to provide a miracle for people to live a carefree and fulfilling life. His popularity was something mystical, something supernatural, and all sorts of legends had begun to surround this Messiah of the Romanian people."

Although he was also Prime Minister of Romania for three mandates (1918, 1920–1921, 1926–1927), his political success is not as spectacular as the military one. Averescu ended up as one of the pawns maneuvered by Brătianu. Argetoianu later repeatedly expressed his distaste for Averescu's hesitant stance and openness to compromise.

Second cabinet

Establishment
Initially, Brătianu approached Averescu using their shared displeasure over the Alexandru Vaida-Voevod Romanian National Party (PNR)-Peasants' Party (PȚ) cabinet; the National Liberals managed to obtain the general's renunciation of his goal to prosecute their party for alleged mis-management of Romania before and during the war, as well as his promise to respect the 1866 Constitution of Romania when carrying out the planned land reform. At the same time, Brătianu kept a tight relationship with King Ferdinand.

On March 13, 1920, he gave news of the Vaida-Voevod cabinet's dissolution, and was widely expected to call for early elections as soon as this had happened. Instead, he read a document convened with King Ferdinand, which suspended Parliament (the first legislative body in Greater Romania) for ten days — the measure was intended to give Averescu the time to negotiate a new majority in the chambers. These moves caused a vocal response from the opposition: Nicolae Iorga, who was president of the Chamber of Deputies and sided with the National Party, called for a motion of no confidence to be passed on March 26; in return, Averescu obtained the support of the monarch in dissolving the Parliament, and invested his cabinet's energies into winning the early elections by enlisting the help of county-level officials (local administration came to be dominated by People's Party officials). It carried the vote with 206 seats (223 together with Take Ionescu's Conservative-Democratic Party).

As agreements between the PNR and PȚ broke down (with the PNR awaiting for new developments), the PȚ joined Iorga's party, the Democratic Nationalists, in creating the Federation of National-Social Democracy (which also drew support from the group around Nicolae L. Lupu).

Policies
His mandate was marked by the signing of the Treaty of Trianon with Hungary, and initial steps leading to the creation of the Little Entente—formed by Romania with Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. It was also at this stage that Romania and the Second Polish Republic inaugurated their military alliance (see Polish–Romanian alliance). The goal to create a cordon sanitaire against Bolshevist Russia also brought him and his Minister of the Interior Argetoianu to oversee repression measures against the group of Socialist Party of Romania members who voted in favor of joining the Comintern (arrested on suspicion of "attempt against the state's security" on May 12, 1921). This came after a long debate in Parliament over the imprisonment of Mihai Gheorghiu Bujor, a Romanian citizen who had joined the Russian Red Army in Bessarabia during the later stages of the October Revolution, and who had been tried for treason. Argetoianu, who proclaimed communism to be "over in Romania", later indicated that Averescu and other members of the cabinet were hesitant about the crackdown, and that he ultimately resorted to taking initiative for the arrests — thus presenting his fellow politicians with a fait accompli.

The regions coming under Romania's administration at the end of the war still maintained their ad hoc administrative structures, including the Transylvanian Directory Council, set up and dominated by the PNR; Averescu ordered these dissolved in April, facing protest from local notabilities. At the same time, he ordered all troops to be demobilized. He unified currency around the Romanian leu, and imposed a land reform in the form in which it was to be carried out by the new Brătianu executive. In fact, the latter measure had been imposed by the outgoing PNL cabinet through the order of Ion G. Duca, in a manner which Argetoianu described as "destructive". As an initial step, Averescu's government appointed the noted activist Vasile Kogălniceanu, a deputy for Ilfov County, as rapporteur; Kogălniceanu used this position to give an account of the agrarian situation in Romania, stressing the role played by his ancestor, Constantin, in abolishing Moldavian serfdom, as well as that of his father, Mihail Kogălniceanu, in eliminating corvées throughout Romania.

The People's Party found itself hard pressed to limit the effects of the reform as promised by Duca — reason why Constantin Garoflid, seen by Argetoianu as "the Conservative and theorist of large-scale landed property", was promoted as Minister of Agriculture. Argetoianu also accused the Premier of endorsing reform in an even more radical shape, and contended that:
"[...] peasants blessed «father Averescu», who gave them land, and rallied around him even tighter. Brătianu, Duca, they were nowhere mentioned except in curses. O, human gratitude!"

In October 1920, Averescu reached an agreement with the Allied Powers, recognizing Bessarabia's union with Romania — expressing a hope for the Bolshevik government to be overthrown, it also imposed the region's cession on a projected democratic government in Russia (while calling for further negotiations between it and Romania); throughout the interwar period, the Soviet Union refused to bind itself to the provisions of the agreement. Italy also refused to ratify the document, citing, alongside various foreign interests (including its friendship with the Soviet Union), the 250 million Italian lire owed to Italian investors in Romanian state bonds.

Scandals and fall
In March 1921, Argetoianu became implicated in a scandal involving the actions of his associate Aron Schuller, who had attempted to contract a 20 million lire loan with a bank in Italy, using as collateral Romanian war bonds that he had illegally obtained from the Finance Ministry reserve.

With Nicolae Titulescu as Finance Minister, Averescu resumed the interventionist course in economic policies, but broke with tradition when he attempted to legislate a major increase in taxes and proposed nationalizations — with potential negative effects on the PNL-voting middle class. The National Liberals, through the voice of Alexandru Constantinescu-Porcu, helped exploit the rivalry between the Peasants' Party and Iorga, using the latter's rejection of Constantin Stere (a conflict sparked by Stere's support for Germany during the World War); Stere won partial elections for the deputy seat in Soroca, Bessarabia, causing a political scandal which saw all parties (including the PNR) declare their dissatisfaction. The conflict worsened during a prolonged parliamentary debate over Averescu's proposal to nationalize enterprises in Reșița (an initiative the opposition mistrusted, alleging that the new owners were to be People's Party members), when Argetoianu addressed a mumbled insult to the Peasant Party's Virgil Madgearu. Ion G. Duca of the PNL expressed his sympathies to Madgearu (who had repeated out an obscene word whispered by Argetoianu), and all opposition groups appealed to Ferdinand, asking for Averescu's recall (July 14, 1921).

Ferdinand then attempted to facilitate a fusion between the Romanian National Party and the National Liberals, but negotiations broke down after disagreements over the possible leadership. Eventually, Brătianu convened with Ferdinand his return to power, and the king called on Foreign Minister Take Ionescu to resign, thus causing a political crisis that profited the PNL and put an end to the Averescu cabinet.

Shows of popular support in Bucharest were called of by Averescu himself, after he had negotiated with Brătianu for a People's Party cabinet to be formed "at a proper time". Ionescu took over as premier until late January 1922, when he was replaced by Brătianu.

Third cabinet

New political alliances
In early 1926, the general was again named Premier, and approached the PNR and its close ally, the Peasants' Party, proposing a merger around his leadership. This met with a stiff refusal, as it seemed that the two were about to win the elections with additional support, but the king, suspicious of the left-wing credentials of the Peasants' Party, used his Royal Prerogative and nominated Averescu as premier (with PNL support).

Averescu's party was instead joined by PNR dissidents, Vasile Goldiș and Ioan Lupaș, who represented a Romanian Orthodox segment of the Transylvanian voters (rather than the Greek Catholics supporting Iuliu Maniu). The 1926 elections, which Averescu's cabinet organized in March and won with a landslide (269 mandates) also brought a massive defeat for the PNL, who held just 16 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.

Italian-Romanian Treaty
Although not fascist itself, the new government he formed displayed gestures of friendship towards Benito Mussolini's Fascist Italy, a state which advertised itself as a rising force — The Nation called Averescu "Romania's Mussolini", as "an epithet which the new premier of Rumania bestowed upon himself". Contacts established (as early as a June 1926, when Mihail Manoilescu had negotiated a loan in Rome) were one of the major points of divergence between the policies of Averescu and those of Brătianu: the former attempted to overcome the embarrassment provoked by Mussolini when, due to Romania's debt, the Italian government had recalled the ambassador and had refused to permit King Ferdinand's pre-convened visit.

The loan convened by Manoilescu and Mussolini made important concessions to Italy in return for a clarification of Romania's debt status; it also led to the signing of a five-year Friendship Treaty (September 16), widely condemned by Romanian public opinion for not having called on Italy to state its support for Romanian rule in Bessarabia, and created tension inside the Little Entente (Yugoslavia feared that Italy had attempted to gain Romania's neutrality in case of a potential irredentist conflict). Writing at the time, Constantin Vișoianu also criticized the vague terms in which the sections of the document dealing with mutual defense had been drafted:
"What have we gained from Italy through this pact? Nothing. In truth, article 3 — which does not [even] refer to Bessarabia — makes provisions for the eventuality of a violent incursion and organizes a mutual assistance system [that is] original through its Platonic love-like character."

The treaty expired in 1932, and, after being prolonged by six months, it was not renewed. Overall, the political impact of contacts was minor, given that the Italians mistrusted the Romanian movement for its traditional role as instrument for Brătianu. Referring to the parallel project to marry Princess Ileana to Prince Umberto of Italy, Averescu himself allegedly stated: "I didn't get much from Italy except a throne for a Princess of Rumania".

Averescu's controversial projects
Averescu continued to offer his support to far right groups (especially to the National-Christian Defense League formed by A. C. Cuza, his early collaborator), and probably considered assuming dictatorial powers.

The cabinet clashed with Brătianu when it was discovered that it had been negotiating in secret with the disinherited Prince Carol (a traditional adversary of the PNL) as Ferdinand's health was taking a turn for the worse (Averescu later claimed that he had been asked by Brătianu: "So, after I have brought you to power, you wish to rise and dominate?"). The PNL withdrew its support, and, through an order signed by Constantin Hiott, Averescu's was replaced by the broad coalition government of Barbu Știrbey, Brătianu's brother-in-law. The general's deposition, confirmed by King Ferdinand on his deathbed, created a vacuum on the Right, soon filled by the Iron Guard, a fascist movement formed by Corneliu Zelea Codreanu (formerly an associate of Cuza's).

Late 1920s politics

The People's Party involved itself in solving the dynastic crisis after Ferdinand's death in July 1927, again approaching Carol to replace the child-king Michael and Prince Nicholas' regency. In November 1927, Averescu took the stand in the trial of his supporter Mihail Manoilescu, who was arrested after having incited pro-Carol sentiment; in his testimony, he backed the notion that, despite his initial anger, Ferdinand had ultimately planned to have Carol return to the throne.

His grouping lost much of its supporters to the newly formed National Peasants' Party, and scored under 2% in the 1927 elections. Around 1930, Averescu began opposing the universal suffrage he had endorsed earlier, and issued an appeal to the intellectuals in order to have it discarded from legislation on the basis that it was easily influenced by the parties in power. He and his supporter, the pro-authoritarian poet Octavian Goga, received criticism from the left-wing Poporanist journal Viața Românească, who claimed that Averescu had in fact provoked and encouraged widespread electoral irregularities during his time in office.

In November 1930, he filed a complaint against the poet and journalist Bazil Gruia, claiming that the latter had libeled him by publishing, in January, an article in Chemarea which began by questioning the People's Party claim that Averescu was "the only honest comrade of the Romanian peasant" and contrasted it with the general's activities during the 1907 Revolt. The trial was held in Cluj, and Gruia was represented in court by Radu R. Rosetti. On December 1, Gruia was found guilty and sentenced to 15 days in a correctional facility with reprieve, and to a fine of 3,000 lei (soon after, Gruia benefited from a pardon).

Averescu was promoted to Marshal of Romania in the same year, during the time when Carol returned to rule as King — the appointment was attributed by Time to his political support for the latter's return. According to the same source, by the end of 1930, Averescu was again at the center of Romanian politics, owing to Carol's favor, to the deaths of Ion I. C. and Vintilă Brătianu, and to the unexpected support he gained from the PNL dissident Gheorghe I. Brătianu.

Final years

He ultimately showed himself hostile to Carol's inner circle, and especially to the king's lover Magda Lupescu; consequently, Goga was instigated by Carol to take over as leader of the People's Party, and the latter attacked Averescu for "subverting [...] the traditional respect enjoyed by the Crown". The clash led to Goga's creation of the splinter National Agrarian Party, which, although never an important force, obtained more of the vote in the 1932 elections (approx. 3% compared to Averescu's 2%).

Around 1934, as the Guard proclaimed its allegiance to Nazi Germany, the Italians (still rivals of Adolf Hitler), approached Averescu (as well as Manoilescu, Nicolae Iorga, Nichifor Crainic, Cuza, Goga, and other non-Guardist reactionaries), with an offer for collaboration (see Comitati d'azione per l'universalità di Roma). This apparent alliance was, in fact, marked by major dissensions — Averescu and Iorga were routinely attacked by Crainic's Calendarul. Eventually, Averescu's group formed, in 1934, the Constitutional Front, a nationalist electoral alliance with the National Liberal Party-Brătianu, which was joined by Mihai Stelescu's Crusade of Romanianism (an Iron Guard offshoot), and the minor party created by Grigore Forțu (the Citizen Bloc); after the latter two parties disappeared, the Front survived in its original form until 1936, when it disbanded.

In 1937, despite his ongoing feud with Carol, Averescu was appointed a member of the Crown Council. Argetoianu recalled that he and the Marshal had reconciled — at a time when Argetoianu pondered rallying all opposition forces, including the National Peasants' Party, the National Liberal Party-Brătianu, and the Iron Guard, in a single electoral bloc (before the general election of December, the various groups successfully negotiated an electoral pact against the government of Gheorghe Tătărescu). Averescu, who, according to Argetoianu, declared was more interested in convincing Carol to allow his estranged wife Elena of Greece to return to Romania, remained opposed to the deal.

The following year, he was briefly minister without portfolio in the cabinet of Premier Miron Cristea, created by Carol to combat the ascension of the Iron Guard, and opposed the monarch's option to renounce the 1923 Constitution and proclaim his dictatorship (the latter move signaled the end of the People's Party), but was among the figures displayed by Carol's regime. He died soon after in Bucharest, and was buried in the World War I heroes' crypt in Mărăști. In December, the king created the National Renaissance Front as the political instrument of his authoritarian rule.

References

38. Durchleuchtung eines Verrats. Der Fall des Oberst Alexandru D. Sturdza, von Petre Otu und Maria Georgescu. Lektor Verlag. 2022. Hainburg. ISBN 9783941866089
39. Alexandru Averescu - Marschall, Politiker, Legende, von Petre Otu. Lektor Verlag. Hainburg. 2012. ISBN 9783941866027

External links
FirstWorldWar.com Biography

1859 births
1938 deaths
People from Odesa Oblast
People from Bessarabia Governorate
Members of the Romanian Orthodox Church
Eastern Orthodox Christians from Romania
People's Party (interwar Romania) politicians
Prime Ministers of Romania
Romanian Ministers of Defence
Romanian Ministers of Finance
Romanian Ministers of Foreign Affairs
Romanian Ministers of Industry and Commerce
Romanian Ministers of Interior
Members of the Senate of Romania
Field marshals of Romania
Chiefs of the General Staff of Romania
Romanian diplomats
Romanian military attachés
Leaders of political parties in Romania
Romanian Gendarmerie personnel
Romanian essayists
Romanian memoirists
Romanian anti-communists
Honorary members of the Romanian Academy
Romanian military personnel of the Second Balkan War
Romanian Army World War I generals
Recipients of the Order of Michael the Brave


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With regards to the expense of this one hour face lift, despite the fact that the installment is not the same as nation to nation, a normal of $4,000 is assessed to be the general expense of this treatment. Contrasted with other face lift costs, this records for over half off the ordinary costs of different strategies. In spite of the fact that there are specialists who have been confirmed by the American Board of Plastic Surgery and who have officially enough involvement in performing face revival techniques, the hazard for activity issues still can't be decreased. Despite the fact that this sort of face lift is less expensive contrasted with different sorts of face lifts, enlisting somebody who just has enough involvement on one methodology uplifts the hazard for activity issues. A portion of the normal issues that happen amid the task technique of face lifting incorporate the unfavorably susceptible responses of patients from the anesthesia utilized. Since this hour long face lift's system is additionally significantly shorter contrasted with the conventional face lifts, specialists have higher probabilities of submitting botches as a result of the restricted time given to them to play out the technique. Other task dangers are disease, dying, and hematoma.


Deciding to make a career change can bring up more questions, uncertainties, and doubts than we'd like. What do I want to do next? When should I leave my current role? Will I be able to make as much money as before? A lot of us who are unhappy in our current role, or have reached a career plateau will hold out for as long as possible before having to face these uncertainties. Getting advice on your career change can help answer these questions, and create more certainty and confidence about the change you want to make. Our career change advice builds a solid strategy around your career change, and supports you in creating a systematic, step-by-step plan to achieve your desired outcomes. We also run a risk assessment on your current situation, taking into account the professional, personal, and financial implications of your career change, so you have all the information you need to make an informed decision. This also involves creating a Plan A, B, and C for your career change, so that you can feel secure in your career change strategy.
91% of us expect to stay in our jobs for fewer than 3 years. And over half of us are looking for a new job. The truth is that most of us aren't being fulfilled by our careers, or finding meaning in the work we are doing. The onus on finding a career that gives you purpose, and understanding what career best suits you, becomes all the more important, then. Speaking with a career expert about your career change can help you understand your career options, and which career moves best suit you based on your personality and work preferences. We use best-in-class psychometrics designed to pinpoint which work environments suit you best, how to play up your strengths, and where your real areas of interest and motivation lie.
Job searches are notoriously exhausting and de-motivating, particularly if you've just left a difficult job. We support you every step of the way with advice on specific job opportunities and support to refine your approach. If you decide to leave your current role before securing new employment, we also provide recommendations on how to leverage the time in between jobs to your advantage.
Once you know what career change you want to make, it can be hard to know how to achieve it. Career change is a step into the unknown and it raises many questions, including: Where do I want to work? What skill gaps should I fill? How do I grow my income in my new profession? If you're making a career change at 30 or a career change at 40, this will only raise further questions about family, finances, and legacy. Career change advice answers these questions, and provides you with a plan for your career transition.
Hitting a ceiling in your career or realising you're in a career cul-de-sac can be very demotivating. When you find yourself in a career plateau, it can feel like you're trapped and there's nowhere to go. If you're unhappy at work or not challenged enough by it, every day can add to your ennui or unhappiness. It can be difficult to know what your options are and to find the energy to work out what to do next. Career change advice will provide you with a space to re-imagine your options, work out what to do next, and take those pivotal steps forward. We help you re-create your career, to make sure that it is giving you the challenge, excitement, and prospects you want.
What are you driving towards? Between the daily routine of emails and back-to-back meetings, you're likely getting things done. You're working to a high standard; you're making things happen. What for? Our career advice and career guidance explores meaning and impact in your career. Where you feel, "I want a career where I can make a difference", we help you identify what career change you need to make. Finding purpose in work is all about creating alignment between what matters to you and practical steps to realise it. Our career change advice provides you with your career strategy for personal fulfilment in what you do.
"The coaching I got provided knowledge and confidence I needed to find something more closely aligned with my values. It's turned out to be the best decision I've made in a long time."
Our career change advice involves one-to-one sessions in-person or via phone/video conference, tailored to your busy schedule. When you sign up, we match you to a coach from our international network of world-class coaches.
A 75-minute consultation with a career coach. Get advice on an urgent problem, or get to know us before committing to a longer programme. Explore how to kickstart a new chapter in your career.
Ongoing weekly/monthly career change sessions focusing on career management. Ideal for those looking to solve longer-term challenges, or want regular advice.
A basic guide to setting up your plan B.


December 7, 2013 – TURKEY – Turkey is facing potential eruption hazard from 14 active volcanoes. Armenpress reports quoting the Turkish Haberler news website, that the population of the country has been warned about the danger by the Turkish volcano experts. According to them, the data of only one volcano out of 14 active ones has been monitored and collected.


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Tricia Duryee
Airbnb Raises $112 Million for Vacation Rental Business
July 24, 2011 at 10:36 pm PT
Airbnb, the site that lets you rent everything from spare rooms in apartments and homes to cabins, tree houses, boats, parking spaces and even the country of Liechtenstein, has raised a significant sum of money to rival major online travel sites.
The San Francisco-based company has received $112 million in a second round of funding from well-known Silicon Valley investor Andreessen Horowitz. Other investors participating include DST Global and General Catalyst.
Andreessen Horowitz contributed about half of the round. Jeff Jordan, one of the newest general partners at the firm (and who recently left OpenTable), wrote about the investment in a blog post.
TechCrunch previously reported that the company was seeking more than $100 million at a $1 billion-plus valuation.
The second round of funding for the company is astonishing, given that its first round totaled $7.8 million.
The company said the capital will be used to generate new growth and hire additional employees.
The vacation rental start-up was recently featured in a WSJ story as having some of the most enticing job perks, such as wine and cheese mixers, rooftop barbecues and an air-guitar contest.
Airbnb has experienced extremely strong growth over the past year, and now has booked more than two million nights. It also receives more than 30 million page views per month.
The company expects to grow internationally, including in markets such as Germany, the U.K., France and Brazil, where it is already seeing some traffic.
Earlier this month, HomeAway, which owns several vacation home rental property sites around the world, raised $231 million in stock from its IPO.
Tagged with: Airbnb, Andreessen Horowitz, DST Global, General Catalyst, HomeAway, Jeff Jordan, OpenTable, travel, venture capital
There was a worry before I started this that I was going to burn every bridge I had. But I realize now that there are some bridges that are worth burning.
— Valleywag editor Sam Biddle

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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A Day in the Life of a Delivery Driver
3 Min Read	 6.3.2020
At the moment, delivery and takeout are the lifeblood of the restaurant industry. Chinese restaurants were one of the hardest-hit categories in the early phase of Covid-19 and then slowly returned. The team at Chowbus connected Modern Restaurnt Management (MRM) magazine with Mr. Pan, a 36-year-old living delivery driver in Chicago, to learn more about what his daily life is like now during this pandemic.
What is a typical shift like now and then?
Before Covid-19, I used to do 30 orders per day on average and socialize a lot. Now I do 35-40 orders per day. Because of the contactless delivery, I don't need to knock on every door but instead put the order in the lobby. It saves me a lot of time, so now I can deliver more orders a day. There are also fewer cars on the streets, which means faster commute.
When I finish my shift, I would go straight back home and relax. I live with my parents, but I have moved to the basement for their safety.
I love my job: I work with Chowbus. They give me masks and gloves, so I feel safe delivering food. They also provide hand sanitizers to all the restaurant partners. They even re-divided the space for restaurants to function more like logistics for speedy and secure takeouts. Also, because the situation has changed so much, customers have more questions now. Chowbus' customer service agents answer the questions. In contrast, other apps only have AI customer service, so customers' complaints don't usually get solved on the spot.
Have there been negative things or hard times that happened around you as a Chinese delivery worker, and how did you go through it?
No. People are friendly toward us. They are even nicer than before because they know our job is hard. I haven't encountered any unfair treatment because I'm a Chinese delivery worker. I have lovely customers: People give more tips than before — they used to tip $5-$10, but now because people buy large quantities and some of them live far away, they tip generously, like $20 or more.
Sometimes they text me to leave the food at the doorstep and don't need to knock — this saves me a lot of time, so I really appreciate it.
I have a few experiences where customers left a bag of masks on the outside doorknob for me with notes that say, "please stay healthy. Here are a couple of masks for you." I was touched.
What do you want to say to people or anyone who might not know your day-to-day work very well?
For people who might not know our day-to-day work very well, I would say that it's tough to describe since one has to really do this job to understand the logistics. Food delivery is also very different than car service — you have to be extra careful with the food to make sure it doesn't leak or get contaminated from departure to arrival. But luckily our customers have been very understanding. They tip well and say kind things to me.
Have you facilitated food delivery to hospitals? If so, could you describe your experience?
Yes. I have participated in two of the contactless food deliveries that Chowbus organized with US-China Restaurant Alliance — to Mercy Hospital & Medical Center on April 14 and John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County on May 15. Both hospitals are in Chicago. I was glad to help the healthcare workers in my own way.
How has people's behavior changed throughout the pandemic?
Because we also handle grocery deliveries for people, I saw that people were stock-piling in the beginning. Now there's almost no panic-buying. There were also a lot of people who didn't wear masks going out. Now almost everyone on the street wears one.
What are some changes you expect to see?
This pandemic made some people who had never ordered delivery begin to use this service, and some of them will continue to use it because it's so convenient. Food and grocery delivery will be a new norm.


3-Stage reduction gear unit and Movable rear blade guard provide larger capacities of cutting Crown moulding and Baseboard (Skirting board). Double Sliding Mechanism By using 4 short steel poles instead of the usual 2 long poles, a DXT Mitre Saw is vibration free and has improved portability.
Double Sliding Guide Fence Upper and lower sections slide independently for added convenience; Each upper fence slides outwards for a bevel cut and each lower fence slides inwards to allow a more secure hold on smaller workpieces. Quick and Accurate Mitre Lock Mitre angle can be locked/unlocked simply by turning the knob 90 degrees.
EXact cutting: (Precise and exact cutting obtained by employing): Double sliding mechanism. Quick and accurate mitre angle lock, etc. Makita LS1016 User Benefits: - Soft start - Electric brake - Double Insulation - Bevel cutting 45 degrees left and right SPECIFICATION: Blade Diameter: 260 mm Max mitre range: 52 - 60 º Max mitre cut at 90º: 91 x 279 mm Max mitre cut at 45º: 91 x 197 mm Bore Diameter: 30 mm Max bevel range: 45 - 45 º Input wattage: 1.510 w No Load Speed: 3,200 rpm Vibration K factor: 1.5 m/sec² Vibration no load: 2.5 m/sec² Net weight: 24.1 kg ------------------- Makita DEAWST05 Portable Mitre Saw Stand with Trolley Function WST05 The WST05 from Makita is a highly durable mitre saw stand which folds away flat for easy storage. It has a trolley function which allows easy transportation of the attached mitre saw around the jobsite. FEATURES Material support extensions (extend 9) with adjustable leg supports for increased cutting accuracy Spring-loaded mechanism engineered for quick and easy jobsite set up Durable aluminum feed roller and adjustable material stop engineered for increased speed on repetitive cuts Compact design (46 folded) for convenient transportation to and from the jobsite, and easy vertical or horizontal storage, without disassembling the machine 2-Position adjustable stand provides additional height set up for increased comfort Adjustable non-marring rubberized feet provide additional support when leveling stand on uneven surfaces "Tool-less" adjustable mitre saw bracket holders for easier installation/removal of saw Portability and adjustment features are ideal for range cutting application including crown molding, baseboard, case and base, and long wood materials Weighs only 26.3 Kg Fits all Makita mitre saws SPECIFICATION Dimensions (L x W x H): 406 x 1118 x 229 mm Weight: 26.3 Kg Part no.
The item "MAKITA 110V MITRE/CHOP SAW 260MM/10 LS1016 SALE INCLUDES STAND-3X BLADES-LEAD" is in sale since Wednesday, January 23, 2019. This item is in the category "Business, Office & Industrial\Power Tools\Saws\Saws\Mitre Saws". The seller is "damosweb" and is located in Sittingbourne.


Dr. Rajaraman Iyer, MD is a pediatrics specialist in East Chicago, IN and has been practicing for 37 years. He graduated from Topiwala National Medical College, Maharashtra University Of Health Sciences in 1982 and specializes in pediatrics.
How was your experience with Dr. Iyer?


The biggest myth around hospice care is that it means giving up on your older adult.
Many people think that hospice care is only for people who are expected to pass away within days or weeks. That's not true at all.
The fact is that hospice is a type of medical care where the goal is to maintain or improve quality of life for someone whose illness, disease, or condition is unlikely to be cured.
Hospice addresses all symptoms of a disease, but has a special focus on controlling pain and discomfort. It's also focused on providing comfort and support to both patients and families.
We explain why using hospice services shouldn't be viewed as speeding up death or giving someone a death sentence.
We also describe who might benefit from hospice, how it helps caregivers, and how to speak with your older adult's doctor about it.
It's important to know that people who use hospice care don't die faster.
In some cases, patients in hospice may actually live longer because their quality of life has improved.
The main difference between hospice and "regular" medical care is that the focus is no longer on "curing" your senior.
But realistically, many curative treatments carry high risks for older adults, aren't as likely to succeed, and simply cause unnecessary suffering.
To be eligible for hospice, a doctor certifies that the patient may not live beyond 6 months.
That may sound scary, but it's absolutely not the same as the doctor saying they'll definitely die within 6 months.
Qualifying for hospice is NOT a 6 month death sentence. It just means that every 6 months, your older adult will need to be reevaluated to see if they're still eligible to continue with hospice care.
In some cases, seniors aren't able to continue hospice care because their health improves too much to re-qualify.
Who might benefit from hospice care?
Hospice programs are great for seniors in advanced stages of non-curable illness, very frail, or extremely aged. For example, someone with advanced dementia might qualify.
Under hospice, medical professionals visit the older adult. This is a huge relief for people who are too frail or ill to go to the doctor's office.
Doctors also coordinate treatments so your older adult can feel as good as possible.
What many people don't know is that hospice care offers families much more support than they get under traditional medical care.
Talk with your older adult's doctor to find out if hospice could benefit them.
If it's not a good option for your older adult at this time, let the doctor know that you're open to discussing it when the time is right. That way, they'll know that it's something you'd like to learn about and consider in the future.


Common-standards devotees have had a long, dry stretch. Last summer was chocked full of adoptions of the new standards, and we got to run our pretty little map a lot.
I know you guys are dealing nobly with the withdrawal symptoms, and I commend you. I can't offer a fix at this point, but I do have one tidbit of news: Montana has edged one step closer to adoption.
Denise Juneau, the state superintendent of schools, recommended yesterday that the state board adopt the standards. The board, however, is not expected to make a decision right away. We'll keep you posted.
Since it's been a while, I'm including the map to soothe my common-standards addicts and remind the rest of you where things stand. All but six states have adopted.


St. Monica Parish has a wonderful tradition of the Children's Christmas Eve Pageant. Please complete the form below to have your child participate in this year's pageant.
Pageant begins at 4:45pm. Participants need to arrive by 4pm.


Equestria Daily - MLP Stuff!: EQLA Welcomes Gabe Brown!
Equestria LA brings you Gabriel Brown AKA BlackGryphon! Gabe has lent his fantastic voice to songs from Equestria Girls - Friendship Games and My Little Pony Friendship is Magic Season 5. Aside from My Little Pony Gabe has numerous other credits with which you may be familiar - now where do we start? Chronologically? Greatest hits to total misses? How about we just throw everything out there and you pick your favorite? Sounds good! Here we go!
Gabe is a Navy veteran who spent three years touring with the 7th Fleet Band Orient Express. He sang everything from the Singapore & U.S. Anthems to Gangnam Style. No really! Follow the links to the 7th Fleet Band videos. After separating with an honorable discharge Gabe began several personal and collaborative projects.
Alright, time for a list because Gabe's collaborations are numerous. He is a regular on the Bronies React Series. Worked on "No Mercy" with TheLivingTombstone. Gabe contributed to "asdfmovie10" by TomSka which led to his team up with LilDeuceDeuce for the song "Beep Beep I'm a Sheep" which currently, as of this writing, has 17 million views. On top of that TheLivingTombstone remixed the aforementioned song. That remix is sitting at 5 million views. Talk about a viral hit!
On the topic of viral hits let's transition into Gabe's personal music missions. In 2014 Gabe, along with his brother Nate (Baasik), released "IMmortal". At present the author of this presser can't decide what's better about this album: Gabe's powerful lyrical composition or his feeble attempt at rapping. We'll get back to you on that. Moving on. Following the success of IMmortal Gabe teamed up with Michelle Creber to put out "Getting Stronger." The album released in 2016, and fun fact - the title track was premiered at EQLA 2015!
On top of all of this Gabe had the time to pursue voice acting landing him a role on Geronimo Stilton and the squawks of everyone's favorite Loon: Becky from Pixar's Finding Dory.


If you're in the market for a Windows tablet then you can't go wrong with the MeeGo. Its amazing value for money and has stunning performance with a Quad Core Processor, 2GB or RAM and 64GB of memory which is presented in a strong ultra thin 9.5 mm case and at under 650 grams it's exceptionally light when compared to other tablets of this caliber.
With Windows 8.1 Pro you get all the usual Microsoft offerings and with a 10-point capacitive touch screen windows has never been easier to use. If you find yourself needing a keyboard then you will be happy to learn that one is included. It's simple and elegant design takes up very little room and can be attached in seconds, the magnetic folding case provides support for the screen so you can type away as though you was on a standard laptop which is ideal for responding to your e-mails when out of the office or away from home.
The 10.1 inch 1280x800 screen is superb for watching HD videos and the contrast can quickly be adjusted for different lighting conditions so with 7 hours of battery life you have plenty of time to relax and watch a film or two and even the most ardent film view will have plenty of room with the 64GB of memory and micro SD expansion slot allowing that to be doubled to a whooping 128GB.
The BCM 43241 (2x2abgn/BT) is a dual-band combo chip providing a complete wireless connectivity system with high-speed Wi-Fi and Bluetooth at fantastic speeds helping you get online wherever you may be so you can use the built in video camera to Skype your friends and upload your favorite holiday pics. Users can connect to a 1900 / 2100 3G network via a Huawei Ultrastick 3G card.
-Create an ISO image file from the Windows 8 installation DVD. If you already have ISO file, go to the next step. The ISO file is a single file which contains the whole DVD. There are several free software available to create ISO files such as BurnAware Free, ISODisk, ImgBurn, ISO Recorder, etc. These software are easy to use, just select option copy to Image.
-Start the software, browse for the ISO file, chose USB mode and select the actual USB drive. Click 'Begin copy' to start creating your Bootable Windows 8 USB drive.
A 30 day trial version of Windows is pre-installed.


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Founded in 1960, the Society for the Study of Labour History (SSLH) is the UK's principal organisation dedicated to the study of labour history. The Constitution of the SSLH and its Code of Governance can be downloaded here.
Membership is open to everyone who would like to learn more about labour history and heritage whether on a professional or amateur basis.
The Society organises regular meetings and conferences and publishes the highly-regarded journal Labour History Review.
Members receive 3 copies of the Labour History Review per year.
Members get online access to all digitised back copies back to 1960.
Members get advance notice of events and conferences.
Members of the Society are entitled to apply for a range of grants and bursaries. These include grants to offset the cost of presenting papers at conferences hosted by the SSLH or related to the field of labour history; research trips and for financial assistance for those hosting conference and public history events. We are keen to support students interested in labour history, women, in particular, are encouraged to apply.
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Charlie Staniforth - Endsor: CROSSING THE SULU SEA TO THE ISLAND OF "YOU WILL ENJOY"
The next stage of the BRUV project for the LAMAVE team was to survey a small group of islands in the center of the Sulu Sea under the Cagayancillo municipality. The islands consist of Cagayancillo, where we are based and the largest of the three, Calusa and Cawilli.
Who does not enjoy a good nature documentary? Nobody! At least this is the case on Saturday nights at the project site of LAMAVE's Bohol fisheries project. Every Saturday we erect our home-made screen and set up a projector to show a documentary to the local community and thank them for their kind assistance in our fieldwork. Documentary themes range from coral reefs and open oceans to forests or the Poles. We hope to inspire an appreciation of the environment and it's an opportunity to broaden horizons by seeing far off locations and amazing species, providing an escape from typical daily life in a small fishing village.
I joined the LAMAVE BRUV Project sometime near the end of March after a friend (out here on the Otter Project) messaged me on Facebook telling me of a last minute space on the project if I was interested, it took all of 2 seconds to make up my mind so I quit my job and in 2 weeks just about managed to get myself ready for the biggest and most spontaneous trip of my life so far.
Of all the places that I have lived the most, loved the most, the Philippines holds a special place in my heart. In a provincial seaside town in Southern Visayas, I spent 2 months as a volunteer studying whale sharks with LAMAVE.


In this poor housing market, Quonset huts are in style with new owners in addition to with retirees on the lookout for an reasonably priced strategy to move to a warmer local weather. My buddy had an company put a dehumidifier in his room for every week in a unique house with much less severe stain and moulding, but then he had his walls ripped and reinstalled anyway! Jo Jo's Seasonal Selections will right here Saturday & Sunday 10am to 3pm with an excellent collection of fresh vegetables and beautiful mums. Rightmove is the most important UK homes for sale web site – with over ninety% of all homes for sale being listed, it is the one place where most people are almost definitely to be wanting.
The story of a roundwood timber cruck body straw bale home build in Pensilva, Cornwall. The Olsen's mother virtually made them stop after the first season because she wanted them to have a standard childhood. It is 45 X eighty X 17. We initially deliberate to build a home at a later date, but have lately decided to just tear out what we've got executed and re-do it and are in search of design concepts. The properties referred to as the Painted Ladies are seen in the opening credits of Full House.


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Reading: Sēd Communications Strengthens Its Focus on the Startup Community With the Launch of the Greenhouse
Cannabis News > Cannabis Press Releases > Sēd Communications Strengthens Its Focus on the Startup Community With the Launch of the Greenhouse
Sēd Communications Strengthens Its Focus on the Startup Community With the Launch of the Greenhouse
Business Wire Published September 15, 2022
New in-house startup incubator will create an ecosystem of brands and products that propel the startup community
SAN DIEGO–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Sēd Communications, a female-run, first-of-its-kind marketing agency founded by advertising and PR industry veteran Loretta Markevics, is proud to officially launch The Greenhouse, an in-house incubator within Sēd that invents brands and products to directly support the startup community. Brands created in The Greenhouse are also used as testing grounds for trying out new marketing innovations, tactics and technologies before they are recommended to the agency's current startup clients.
"Through the addition of The Greenhouse within Sēd we are able to provide an ecosystem of support for the startup community beyond marketing services. The brands we are developing in The Greenhouse will benefit startups in a variety of ways, from creating platforms that give startups more visibility to potential customers, to helping startup companies recruit new talent or providing specialized access to wellness for founders," says Loretta Markevics, Founder of Sēd Communications.
The plan for the Greenhouse is to launch one new brand per year and any profits to be invested back into marketing those brands. Sēd's agency team supplies all marketing support for the Greenhouse brands and as the owners of the brands they launch, the agency will use Greenhouse brands as a testing ground to experiment with new marketing tactics, technologies, and approaches.
"I've always loved startup brands because they're willing to take risks – but they have to be smart and can't afford to make mistakes given the stage they're in. The Greenhouse allows us to pressure-test emerging tactics and technologies on the brands we create, like the metaverse or AI, and see proven success before recommending that our current agency clients invest in them to market their own brands. When every dollar counts for startups and digital marketing tactics and algorithms change every other week, it is more valuable than ever to know something works before recommending our clients invest in a new or unproven marketing approach," says Markevics.
The Farmers Finds
The first brand launched by The Greenhouse is The Farmers Finds, a subscription service that provides a platform for farmers market-born brands to expand beyond their local footprint. Launched in late 2021, The Farmers Finds has grown to more than 1,000 subscribers in under six months of operating in stealth mode.
The idea for The Farmers Finds was born while Markevics was traveling across the country from 2020 until 2021, living in growing startup cities. During more than a year on the road, she visited farmers markets all over the United States to get to know the communities she was visiting and to speak to founders like herself to gain some insights about startup food and wellness brands. She quickly found that the non-produce farmers market brands did not have a unifying platform to promote themselves. Markevics put her marketing agency to work to create one and Sēd test-launched the first subscription box to give these farmers-market-born startups national exposure.
"It's been an absolute joy working with Farmers Finds. They are great communicators and clearly in it to support US, the small business suppliers. In six months, they have gotten our products into over one thousand new households across the country." – Caleb Mangum, Nutty Novelties
"With the marketplace the way it is today and with digital changes that happen so quickly, it's harder than ever to sell. As a small business owner, being a part of The Farmers Finds has been very rewarding. I am able to connect with customers from across the country with more speed and ease than I could develop on my own. I am passionate about supporting other small businesses like mine, and The Farmers Finds allows me to be associated with other high-quality purveyors to enrich consumers each month in a fun and easy way." – Monica Cutillo-Cody, Farmstead 1868
Supercharging Startup Growth
As a young startup agency, Sēd is also proud to announce that it is currently supporting ten startup brands, doubling its growth year over year since launch. The agency has added brands across categories including beauty, wellness, technology, solar, healthcare, cannabis and nonalcoholic spirits.
The Sēd name and brand come from the premise of supercharging small seeds of ideas into high-yield, differentiated yellow seeds capable of exponential growth. In her previous life as an award-winning, C-suite PR and advertising executive for some of the biggest agencies in the world, Markevics frequently used startups as a source of inspiration or put them on her competitive watch list for clients and decided in September of 2020 to use her over twenty years of experience providing strategic counsel to big global legacy brands to help startup brands win against them.
About Sēd Communications/Loretta Markevics
Loretta Markevics is a marketing visionary triggering hypergrowth for startup brands as the founder of integrated marketing agency Sēd. Loretta is using her previous experience as a global PR and advertising agency C-suite executive providing strategic counsel to the biggest brands in the world, to help startup brands win against them. Sēd's approach helps startups differentiate themselves through category eruption: a reordering of category leadership by redefining the codes and conventions that define it. An understanding of the vulnerabilities of big brands, a passion for the underdog, a reputation for bold marketing ideas, and an innovative spirit enables the agency to deliver against this promise.
Brittany Eisenberg
brittany@sedcommunications.com
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Over the past several months, we have been following "Dave" and his evaluation team as they reviewed business management solutions to support the growth of their specialty industrial machinery company. With about 200 employees in seven North American locations, the Microsoft-centric organization has plans for growth that include multinational expansion.
In Part 4, I described the evaluation team's review of a vertical solution that serves the equipment dealer and rental industry. A "best-of- breed" solution, the custom-built application uses Microsoft Dynamics CRM and Infor to deliver an end-to-end solution. The Web site and marketing approach is 100 percent focused on the dealership and rental industry vertical.
After a day-long demonstration and a proposal from the vendor, the evaluation team was interested enough to follow up with a reference account site visit. That visit, with a much larger global company in a similar but non-competitive market, went very well.
Dave described the meeting with the reference account project manager: "The project manager told us that even though it's a higher cost option, it's a lower risk option. The vendor knows the business, they understand how it works."
As Dave's company's evaluation process has progressed, one of the biggest concerns in finding the best solution is establishment of better data governance. Governance, the processes to ensure that data is accurate and complete, is the foundation of the system's value -- no matter what choice is made.
Since output of the system is only as good as the users make it, a new system must support business processes that will be readily adopted and maintained. Workarounds, and subsequent data loss, will resurface if the system is too hard to use.
That subject was a key part of the discussions with the reference account. "The whole idea of building better processes was a big part of the vendor's implementation approach," Dave noted. "They are not just implementing what you're doing today on a different software package. They spend a lot of time on your processes."
Dave added, "The ringing endorsement was that the reference company was able to come out of the recession growing at a substantial rate without adding headcount. They have seen real productivity gains."
The evaluation team believes in this vertical solution strongly enough to place a deposit with the vendor as they complete due diligence. Between now and mid-August, the team will work to determine if the return on cost of capital justifies the investment -- for a final decision.
As this real-life example demonstrates, the value of the services that your implementation team delivers is what wins deals. The visit to the reference site confirmed what Dave's team had been told by the vendor sales team. No surprises, just validation.
Your company's messaging should be built on the verifiable outcomes that customers have experienced. Content that helps prospects understand the practical value of your services will be much more compelling than a generic description of your methodology. As we move to a cloud-based application world, service value becomes even more important to fully explain.
Case studies that focus not just on ROI but on the improvements in process.
Getting specific with benefits of implementations to post on your Web site's services page. Bullet-list specific problems that your team overcame to improve productivity.
Content for a report or whitepaper like, "20 Process Changes that Save Companies Money."
How does your implementation team help marketing build messaging and content? Add a comment below or send me a note and let's share the knowledge.


Guitarist and singer/songwriter; He is famous from Your Body Is a Wonderland.
American baseball player; He is famous from First Overall Pick in 2010 MLB Draft.
Right-handed batsman, most recognized as one of the greatest all-rounders in the history of Cricket.
Indian singer and film composer best known for songs like Why This Kolaveri Di, which earned more than 70 million views on YouTube.
CAnadian actor; She is famous from Mr. Dressup.
Grammy Award-winning jazz trumpeter and bandleader of the RH Factor.
Canadian bassist and vocalist best known for co-founding the rock band Bachman–Turner Overdrive (where he was credited as C.F. Turner).
Basketball player; He is famous from Miami Heat.
American singer; She is famous from Wilson Phillips.
Ice hockey player; He is famous from Captain of NHL hockey team Anaheim Mighty Ducks.
Born Ehtesham Idrees, he is a singer-songwriter, MC, and record producer known for singles such as "Bolo Na," "Pyar Hoa," and "Fame and a Girl."
American actress; She is famous from In Living Color.
Australian MotoGP rider; He is famous from 2007 MotoGP World.
Scottish disco singer who released the number one UK hit song Feels Like I'm in Love in 1980.
Popular icon in radio who became known as The Cat and disc jockeys on BBC Radio shows.
British singer; He is famous from X-Factor 2005.
English, Singer; She is famous from The X Factor.
American actor; She is famous from Meet the Browns.


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require 'aws-sdk-iotjobsdataplane'

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


We had a lovely afternoon with our mummies.
We are ready for our mummies to come for tea! Happy Mother's Day!
We went for a walk in the village to see Janie's lambs.
This week we planted some broad beans-Many thanks to Courtens Garden Centre for donating the beans and soil.
We will be watering them every day and keeping a close watch for any changes.
Our beans have grown! time to take them home and plant them.


text:
Caleb Ewan sprints to second stage win at Giro d'Italia
Ireland's Eddie Dunbar (Team Ineos) also finished in the main bunch, placing 88th
Wed, May 22, 2019, 20:10
Shane Stokes
Australian rider Caleb Ewan (C) of Lotto Soudal team celebrates winning the 11th stage of the Giro d'Italia. Photo: Alessandro Di Meo/EPA
Australian sprinter Caleb Ewan clocked up his second stage win in this year's Giro d'Italia on Wednesday, with the Lotto Soudal rider proving fastest at the end of stage 11 to Novi Ligure. He beat Tuesday's winner Arnaud Demare (Groupama-FDJ), Pascal Ackermann (Bora-Hansgrohe) and Elia Viviani (Deceuninck-QuickStep) to the line, timing things perfectly into the headwind at the finish.
"A longer stage today suited me a bit better than yesterday with the other sprinters having sore legs," he said. "I followed Pascal Ackermann's wheel because I knew he'd still be good [despite his crash yesterday]. He had a good lead out so it was a good wheel to sit on. I timed it right. I always considered myself one of the top sprinters. Two stage wins prove that I am really one of them."
Ireland's Eddie Dunbar (Team Ineos) also finished in the main bunch, placing 88th, while Conor Dunne (Israel Cycling Academy) did important work inside the final two kilometres to lead out team sprinter Davide Cimolai, who got fifth. Dunne sat up after his effort and rolled in 136th.
Valerio Conti (UAE Team Emirates) continues to lead his closest rival Primoz Roglic (Team Jumbo-Visma) by one minute 50 seconds. Dunbar is 49th overall and 11th in the best young rider standings, with Dunne 151st.
Giro d'Italia, Italy (WorldTour) Stage 11, Carpi to Novi Ligure
1, Caleb Ewan (Lotto Soudal) 221 kilometres in 5 hours 17 mins 26 secs; 2, A. Demare (Groupama-FDJ); 3, P. Ackermann (Bora-Hansgrohe); 4, E. Viviani (Deceuninck-QuickStep); 5, D. Cimolai (Israel Cycling Academy); 6, S. Consonni (UAE Team Emirates) all same time
Irish: 88, E. Dunbar (Team Ineos) same time; 136, C. Dunne (Israel Cycling Academy) at 48 secs
Points: 1, Caleb Ewan (Lotto Soudal) 50 pts; 2, A. Demare (Groupama-FDJ) 40; 3, P. Ackermann (Bora-Hansgrohe) 28
General classification after stage 11
1, Valerio Conti (UAE Team Emirates) 45 hours 2 mins 5 secs; 2, P. Roglic (Team Jumbo-Visma) at 1 min 50 secs; 3, N. Peters (AG2R La Mondiale) at 2 mins 21 secs; 4, J. Rojas (Movistar Team) at 2 mins 33 secs; 5, F. Masnada (Androni Giocattoli-Sidermec) at 2 mins 36 secs; 6, A. Amador (Movistar Team) at 2 mins 39 secs
Irish: 49, E. Dunbar (Team Ineos) at 16 mins 1 secs; 151, C. Dunne (Israel Cycling Academy) at 1 hours 20 mins 44 secs
Points classification: 1, Arnaud Demare (Groupama-FDJ) 194 pts; 2, P. Ackermann (Bora-Hansgrohe) 183; 3, C. Ewan (Lotto Soudal) 159
Mountains classification: 1, Giulio Ciccone (Trek-Segafredo) 32 pts; 2, P. Roglic (Team Jumbo-Visma) 22; 3, F. Masnada (Androni Giocattoli-Sidermec) 18
Young riders classification: 1, Nans Peters (AG2R La Mondiale 4) at 4 mins 26 secs; 2, V. Madouas (Groupama-FDJ) at 1 min 6 secs; 3, G. Carboni (Bardiani CSF) at 1 min 9 secs
Irish: 11, E. Dunbar (Team Ineos) at 13 mins 40 secs
Sonia O'Sullivan: Female athletes must remember that sponsorships are a privilege
From Bettystown to Tokyo: Irish beach volleyball dares to dream
Boxing at Tokyo 2020 Olympics still facing uncertainty
Jenny Egan and Ronan Foley ready for canoe sprint World Cup
Three-time FI world champion Niki Lauda dies aged 70
Arnaud Demare claims his first stage win of 2019 Giro d'Italia
Afghanistan thrash Ireland in Stormont to level ODI series
Ireland junior crew secure European silver in Germany
Niall Moyna hits out at DCU over Enda Fitzpatrick's exit
Sean Dancer plots Ireland's first steps on the road to Tokyo
3 GAA weekend previews: Throw-in times, TV details and team news
5 Connacht looking to add to historic Champions Cup progress with win in Paris
GAA weekend previews: Throw-in times, TV details and team news 18:31
Leinster determined to deliver more of the same against Bath 18:12
Connacht looking to add to historic Champions Cup progress with win in Paris 17:28


text:
A Quick Guide to 'Bidenomics'
By Michael Rainey
President Joe Biden is proposing an array of policies that mark a dramatic shift away from decades of conventional wisdom about economics and politics in the U.S., Greg Ip of The Wall Street Journal wrote this week.
Known as the "Washington consensus" or "neoliberalism," the conventional wisdom holds that private markets provide the best solutions to most problems, and that governments should avoid interfering in the economy as much as possible – a prohibition that includes a strong aversion to deficit spending and running up the national debt. With some variations in emphasis, that consensus basically held from Ronald Reagan to Barack Obama, a roughly forty-year reign of free-market liberalism tempered by moderate redistribution and regulation.
But Biden is offering something new, Ip says. In the wake of Donald Trump, who ignored the conventional wisdom by attacking free trade and failing to pay even lip service to the virtues of fiscal constraint, Biden has turned to a new generation of advisors who believe that neoliberalism has run its course.
What does that mean for economic policy in the Biden administration? Here's a summary of Ip's brief but insightful analysis:
* Growth: Grounded in scarcity, the old economic model is more concerned with supply than demand, focusing on incentives to produce more work and investment to drive growth. The new 'Bidenomic' model, grounded in the work of John Maynard Keynes during the Great Depression, assumes that insufficient demand is a constant drag on the modern economy, and extensive government intervention is required to push growth closer to its potential.
* Fiscal policy: Inflation is a defining problem for neoliberal policymakers and worries about sparking an inflationary spiral serve as a brake on running the economy "hot," which would require the Federal Reserve to slow things down by raising interest rates. Influenced by years of disappointing growth, Biden's advisers are far less concerned about inflation and see increased government spending as a crucial tool for boosting growth rates, reducing unemployment and raising wages.
* Deficit spending: Conventional economic models assume excess government spending "crowds out" private investment, pushing interest rates higher while reducing investment and long-term growth. The new view is that low interest rates betray no shortage of investment capital, so deficits have little effect on rates and are not necessarily harmful – and may even be necessary.
* Social programs: Tightly linked with conservative social views, the old economic model sees government-funded aid as inherently problematic and links most public assistance to participation in the labor market. Biden's economic policies move toward universal assistance regardless of employment status, with an emphasis on essential activities such as caregiving that are undersupplied by the private economy.
The bottom line: Although he is concerned that "Bidenomics is more a political movement than a school of economic thought," Ip says that the new view simply "reflects what economists have observed in the past 20 years: government debt rose sharply while interest rates fell and unemployment hit historic lows without unleashing inflation." The main question is whether those conditions will continue to hold, boosting Biden's attempt to rework the American political economy, or if the problems predicted by the old models reemerge, forcing yet another course change for Biden and his successors.
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text:
Aemilian (1)
Home > Catalog > Books & Supplies > Periodicals & Journals > BK11647
American Numismatic Society Museum Notes 28 (1983)
Includes the following notes:
Martin, Thomas R. The chronology of the fourth-century B.C. facing-head coinage of Larissa
Troxell, Hyla A. Arsinoe's Non-Era
Bedoukian, Paul Z. Coinage of the Armenian kingdoms of Sophene and Commagene
Mørkholm, O. The autonomous tetradrachms of Laodicea ad Mare
Burnett, A. and P. Craddock. Rome and Alexandria: the minting of Egyptian tetradrachms under Severus Alexander
Russell, J. A coin hoard of Maurice Tiberius from Anemurium, Isauria
Kuntz, R., Warden, B. William B. A gold dinar of the Sasanian Queen Buran
Bikhazi, R. The struggle for Syria and Mesopotamia (330-58/941-69) as reflected on Hamdanid and Ikhshidid coins
Lowick, Nicholas M. The wandering die of Nisabur: a sequel
Carter, Giles F. A simplified method for calculating the original numbers of dies from die link statistics
BK11647. Museum Notes 28, American Numismatic Society (ANSMN 28), 1983, paperback, 206 pages, 22 plates, very good condition, only one copy available; $7.00
Babelon, E. Les Rois de Syrie, d'Arménie, et de Commagène, Catlogue de monnaies grecques de la Bibliothèque Nacionale. (Paris, 1890).
Langlois, V. Numismatique de l'Arménie. (Paris, 1859).
Bedoukian, P. "Coinage of the Armenian Kingdoms of Sophene and Commagene" in ANSMN 28 (New York, 1983).
Bedoukian, P. Coinage of the Artaxiads of Armenia. RNS Special Publication Number 10. (London, 1978).
Gardner, P. Catalogue of Greek Coins in the British Museum, The Seleucid Kings of Syria. (Forni reprint, 1963).
Kovacs, F. "Additions and corrections to Armenian coins and their values" in Armenian Numismatic Journal 30/3 (2004).
Kovacs, F. Armenian Coinage in the Classical Period. CNS 10. (Lancaster, PA, 2016).
Kovacs, F. "Tigranes IV, V, and VI: New Attributions" in AJN 20 (2008).
Mousheghian, A. & G. Depeyrot. Hellenistic and Roman Armenian Coinage (1st c. BC - 1st c. AD). Moneta 15. (Wettern, 1999).
Mousheghian, K., et al. History and Coin Finds in Armenia: Coins from Duin, Capital of Armenia. Moneta 18. (Wetteren, 2000).
Nercessian, Y. Armenian Coins and Their Values. Armenian Numismatic Society, Special Publication No. 8. (Los Angeles, 1995).
Nercessian, Y. "Coinage of the Armenian Kingdom of Sophene (ca. 260-70 B.C.)" in Armenian Numismatic Journal 37.3 (Sep 2011).
Nercessian, Y. Silver Coinage of the Artaxiad Dynasty of Armenia. (Los Angeles, 2006).
Nercessian, Y. "Silver Coins of Artavasdes II of Armenia" in Armenian Numismatic Journal 29-1 (March 2003).
Nercessian, Y. "Silver Coins of Tigranes II of Armenia" in Armenian Numismatic Journal 26-3 & 4. (December 2000).
Nercessian, Y. "Tigranes the Great of Armenia and the Mint of Damascus" in Armenian Numismatic Journal 22-1 (March 1996).
Vardanyan, R. "A Dated Copper Coin of Artaxias II: Evidence on the Use of the Pompeyan Era in Artaxata" in Armenian Numismatic Journal XXVII (2001).


Welcome to our Corfu 2002 Travel Journal !!
As long as we have telephone connections we will update this site with impressions and pictures of our trip.
August 2nd 2002 Moving on to the "Barbecue Bay"
August 3rd 2002 Last stop on the Greek mainland, "Sayiadha"
August 4th 2002 Heading back to our starting point, "Gouvia"


Perfect getaway in Tahoe. Prepare a meal in the fully equipped kitchen and cozy up to the gas stove or stroll to nearby restaurants, market, and Tahoe Park HOA Beach area. Want to bring the whole family? Add Karley's Lake Lodge to your reservation!
This charming cabin is close to Sunnyside and walking distance to Ward Creek. The quiet street and large level lot welcome you to the fully equipped cabin. Spend the nights enjoying the wood burning fireplace and collection of DVD's.
Get here to get away! This fully equipped cottage welcomes you with a gas woodstove and open floorplan with views of the landscaped backyard. Great location walking distance to Tahoe Park HOA beach area, restaurants and markets. Close to town and skiing.
Treasure in Timberland! Just the right size for a small family and fully equipped for an enjoyable vacation. Hot tub on the back deck and Ward Creek State Park just around the corner. Central location between Tahoe City and Homewood.
Thompson's Landing has recently been remodeled and has everything you'll need to enjoy the most wonderful vacation in Tahoe! It boasts 3 full bedrooms, 2.5 bathrooms and is an easy stroll to the common area swimming pool (summer only) and much more!
This charming 1 bedroom plus loft, 1 bathroom Old Tahoe style cabin has all the amenities you need to enjoy a perfect vacation in Tahoe. It's fully equipped with washer, dryer, dishwasher, microwave, television with cable, and WIFI internet.
Single story perfection offering an open floorplan and 2 spacious bedrooms. Wood burning fireplace and an outside hot tub top the amenity list! Fully equipped and ready to make your vacation easy!
This charming 2 bedroom, 1.5 bathroom 'Old Tahoe' style cabin offers a great location that is close to Tahoe City and an easy walk to the Tahoe Park HOA beach area and nearby markets and restaurants. This fully equipped cabin offers a private Hot Tub too!
This remodeled cabin offers 'old Tahoe' charm and modern amenities. South facing deck faces the trees so you can enjoy the nature. Quiet street and convenient location that is close to Tahoe City and walking distance to lake.
This mountain cabin is welcomes you with it's open floorplan accented by vaulted ceilings and stone fireplace. The upstairs living offers nice separation from the downstairs bedrooms. All in a quiet, yet convenient, location!
This fully equipped Tahoe cabin is located on a quiet street in Tahoe Park. Enjoy single story living in this updated and open floorplan. Sunny front deck and river rock fireplace. Plenty of parking and walking distance to private HOA beach area.


The answer to how to be successful at crowdfunding lies in the way consumers evaluate the trustworthiness of a campaign. We share four tips to fast-track your innovation efforts using the power of the crowd.
Southeast Asia is a burgeoning global powerhouse, but for companies looking to grow by embracing its digital opportunities, the key to success lies in understanding the cultural complexities of the region.
It's no secret that the financial industry is facing disruption and pressure from many angles. But that doesn't mean they can't or shouldn't reinvent themselves, and look to what's happening in places like China to anticipate the future.
The threats of economic crime and fraud are always present. But in Australia, those threats come from an unexpected place. For business, it's time to keep your friends close and your frenemies closer.


Students learn about the planning behind the three runway system at the Hong Kong International Airport.
As a leading aviation hub, Hong Kong is well positioned to offer students planning a career in the field all kinds of opportunities to meet and interact with industry experts.
Indeed, a group taking the aviation management course at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) had the chance to learn all about the Three Runway System (3RS) project during a recent airport visit.
They met Sean Cheong, principal manager for civil engineering projects at HKIA, who explained the master plan and management structure. He also covered key aspects relating to environmental conservation and safety, commercial and contract management, coordination and reporting.
On completion, the expanded facilities and extra runway will make it possible to handle an additional 30 million passengers annually. Estimates suggest this will provide 123,000 jobs by 2030.
Cheong's presentation was followed by a wide-ranging Q&A session about the major challenges HKIA has to face. The questions showed the students to be engaged and insightful.
PolyU aviation management students lead by Associate Professor, Dr. Achim Czerny, watches airplanes taking off up-close and learn about the 3RS project, during a visit to a restricted area within HKIA.
According to Dr Achim Czerny, PolyU associate professor and director of BBA (Hons) in Aviation Management and Logistics, the 3RS project helps to highlight the many job opportunities now available in the industry.
"By giving students a chance to learn more about this massive project, we are drawing attention to the importance of aviation in Hong Kong and the kind of jobs on offer," he said.
Correll Li, a Year 3 student, was one of the first to sign up for the airport visit and was duly impressed by the scale of the 3RS project.
"Ideally, I'd like to be management trainee with HKIA after graduation, which hopefully could lead to a position as a dispatcher," she said.
In essence, a dispatcher plans aircraft flight paths, taking account of variables like the aircraft's specifications and load, weather conditions, airspace restrictions, and the current situation at the airport.
Walter Chui, another Year 3 student, has previously done internships with companies like DHL and has a keen interest in the operations side.
Construction work for the 3RS project at HKIA began in 2016 and is expected to be completed in 2024.
Before starting the BBA programme, Ann Tsang, who is now in Year 3, was not aware of the immense size and scope of the aviation sector. What initially attracted her was the possibility of becoming a flight attendant.
Mads Groenli, an accounting and finance student from Norway, is taking an elective course on airport management. He has done internships in the airline industry and has studied Chinese since junior high school. He plans to complete a master's degree in Hong Kong before returning to Norway.
For Daveena Haditanojo, a Year 1 student from Indonesia who is taking a degree in international shipping and transport logistics, the course on aviation management has made her consider studying that subject in more detail.
Czerny added that it is important for students to get ideas about future careers by learning about the inner workings of organisations and meeting people who are passionate about and active in the sector.
The 3RS project session was organised by PolyU and the Aviation Academy at HKIA to educate, inform and inspire more people to consider careers in the industry in Hong Kong and around the world.


Denver, CO - Our Mutual Friend Brewing Company, who assisted in coordinating and hosting the Denver Beers Made By Walking festival in 2015, will be releasing a Beers Made By Walking cross-country collaboration beer for Collaboration Fest in conjunction with Fullsteam Brewery (Durham, NC), Scratch Brewing Company (Ava, IL) and Hopworks Urban Brewery (Portland, OR). Beers Made By Walking invites brewers to create place-based beers inspired by native plants identified on trails and all four breweries involved in this project have taken part in its programming and creative process. These four breweries are some of the most innovative and place-based epicenters of local culture in the brewing scene across the entire country.
This particular beer, named Golden Fang, is a barrel-fermented sour golden ale with persimmons, bittering roots, rose hips and all Colorado base ingredients. The inspiration for this beer came from the idea to connect all four continental US time zones into a single undertaking. The persimmons are from North Carolina (Fullsteam), the Rose Hips from Oregon (Hopworks) and the bittering roots from Illinois (Scratch). The interplay of these ingredients and the sour yeast provides a stone fruit forward flavor and tart finish, balanced by the tannic acidity of the bittering roots and tea-like bitterness from the rose hips.
Fullsteam Brewery has developed a community foraging program in Durham, offering market price for persimmons to patrons of the brewery. The end product has resulted in a foraging community and the beer First Frost, a persimmon winter ale, among various other beers with foraged ingredients. Scratch Brewing Company has been featured in national magazines in regards to its expansive foraging program, as the brewery is located on a farm that yields a plethora of wonderful ingredients to use in beers. Notably, this brewery brought five different "single tree" beers to Great American Beer Festival in 2015, crafting different beers based on ingredients from different types of arboreal products. Hopworks Urban Brewery recently became the first B Corporation brewery in the Pacific Northwest as well as the first Salmon-Safe Certified brewing site in the world. It also happens to be the largest contributor to BMBW in the PNW. Our Mutual Friend recently garnered national attention by earning a silver medal in the wood and barrel aged sour beer category at GABF in 2015 and has striven to cultivate local practices by brewing all Colorado ingredient beers as well as other innovative offerings.
Golden Fang will be released at Collaboration Fest on March 19th at Sports Authority Field at Mile High along with more than 85 other collaborative projects and will subsequently be available on tap at Our Mutual Friend's Tap Room starting Thursday, March 24th.