text:
Haemosporidians from a Neglected Group of Terrestrial Wild Birds in the Peruvian Amazonia
Merit González-Olvera, Arturo Hernandez-Colina, Jocelyn G. Pérez, Gabriela M. Ulloa, Stephanie Montero, Jorge L. Maguiña, Andrés G. Lescano, Meddly L. Santolalla, Matthew Baylis, Pedro Mayor
Haemosporidians are a widespread group of blood parasites transmitted by vectors. Despite their relevance for bird conservation, few studies have been conducted in the Amazonia and even less in terrestrial wild birds. We analysed blood samples from 168 game birds, collected from 2008 to 2015 by subsistence hunters of an indigenous rural community in the Peruvian Amazonia. DNA was tested for Haemoproteus spp., Plasmodium spp. and Leucocytozoon spp. and positive amplicons were sequenced and curated for phylogenetic analysis. Haemosporidian prevalence was 72% overall, 66.7% for Haemoproteus spp. and 5.4% for Plasmodium spp. and respectively by bird species: Spix's Guan (Penelope jacquacu,n = 72) 87.5% and 0%, Razor-billed Curassow (Mitu tuberosum,n = 45) 77.8% and 6.7%, White-winged Trumpeter (Psophia leucoptera,n = 20) 6.3% and 12.5%, Blue-throated Piping-guan (Pipile cumanensis,n = 16) 73.3% and 6.7%, and Great Tinamou (Tinamus major,n = 15) 10% and 15%. Leucocytozoon spp. was not found. P. leucoptera and T. major were less likely to be infected with Haemoproteus spp. Fruit abundance had a negative association with Haemoproteus spp. prevalence and precipitation was negatively associated with Plasmodium spp. prevalence. The 106 sequences examined represented 29 lineages, 82.8% of them were new lineages (Plasmodiumn = 3, Haemoproteusn = 21). Novel host-parasite associations and lineages were unveiled, including probably new species of Plasmodium spp. Our results highlight the scientific value of alternative sampling methods and the collaboration with local communities.
EcoHealth
Haemoproteus
Haemosporidia
Subsistence hunting
Terrestrial birds
Dive into the research topics of 'Haemosporidians from a Neglected Group of Terrestrial Wild Birds in the Peruvian Amazonia'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Haemoproteus Agriculture & Biology 100%
Plasmodium Medicine & Life Sciences 85%
wild birds Agriculture & Biology 80%
Amazonia Agriculture & Biology 79%
Birds Medicine & Life Sciences 76%
bird Earth & Environmental Sciences 59%
Sampling Chemical Compounds 58%
Leucoptera Agriculture & Biology 58%
González-Olvera, M., Hernandez-Colina, A., Pérez, J. G., Ulloa, G. M., Montero, S., Maguiña, J. L., Lescano, A. G., Santolalla, M. L., Baylis, M., & Mayor, P. (2022). Haemosporidians from a Neglected Group of Terrestrial Wild Birds in the Peruvian Amazonia. EcoHealth, 19(3), 402-416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-022-01612-9
González-Olvera, Merit ; Hernandez-Colina, Arturo ; Pérez, Jocelyn G. et al. / Haemosporidians from a Neglected Group of Terrestrial Wild Birds in the Peruvian Amazonia. In: EcoHealth. 2022 ; Vol. 19, No. 3. pp. 402-416.
@article{2afdc5fa83744674ac4da575fc6b97bd,
title = "Haemosporidians from a Neglected Group of Terrestrial Wild Birds in the Peruvian Amazonia",
abstract = "Haemosporidians are a widespread group of blood parasites transmitted by vectors. Despite their relevance for bird conservation, few studies have been conducted in the Amazonia and even less in terrestrial wild birds. We analysed blood samples from 168 game birds, collected from 2008 to 2015 by subsistence hunters of an indigenous rural community in the Peruvian Amazonia. DNA was tested for Haemoproteus spp., Plasmodium spp. and Leucocytozoon spp. and positive amplicons were sequenced and curated for phylogenetic analysis. Haemosporidian prevalence was 72% overall, 66.7% for Haemoproteus spp. and 5.4% for Plasmodium spp. and respectively by bird species: Spix{\textquoteright}s Guan (Penelope jacquacu,n = 72) 87.5% and 0%, Razor-billed Curassow (Mitu tuberosum,n = 45) 77.8% and 6.7%, White-winged Trumpeter (Psophia leucoptera,n = 20) 6.3% and 12.5%, Blue-throated Piping-guan (Pipile cumanensis,n = 16) 73.3% and 6.7%, and Great Tinamou (Tinamus major,n = 15) 10% and 15%. Leucocytozoon spp. was not found. P. leucoptera and T. major were less likely to be infected with Haemoproteus spp. Fruit abundance had a negative association with Haemoproteus spp. prevalence and precipitation was negatively associated with Plasmodium spp. prevalence. The 106 sequences examined represented 29 lineages, 82.8% of them were new lineages (Plasmodiumn = 3, Haemoproteusn = 21). Novel host-parasite associations and lineages were unveiled, including probably new species of Plasmodium spp. Our results highlight the scientific value of alternative sampling methods and the collaboration with local communities.",
keywords = "Amazonia, Haemoproteus, Haemosporidia, Plasmodium, Subsistence hunting, Terrestrial birds",
author = "Merit Gonz{\'a}lez-Olvera and Arturo Hernandez-Colina and P{\'e}rez, {Jocelyn G.} and Ulloa, {Gabriela M.} and Stephanie Montero and Magui{\~n}a, {Jorge L.} and Lescano, {Andr{\'e}s G.} and Santolalla, {Meddly L.} and Matthew Baylis and Pedro Mayor",
journal = "EcoHealth",
González-Olvera, M, Hernandez-Colina, A, Pérez, JG, Ulloa, GM, Montero, S, Maguiña, JL, Lescano, AG, Santolalla, ML, Baylis, M & Mayor, P 2022, 'Haemosporidians from a Neglected Group of Terrestrial Wild Birds in the Peruvian Amazonia', EcoHealth, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 402-416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-022-01612-9
Haemosporidians from a Neglected Group of Terrestrial Wild Birds in the Peruvian Amazonia. / González-Olvera, Merit; Hernandez-Colina, Arturo; Pérez, Jocelyn G. et al.
In: EcoHealth, Vol. 19, No. 3, 09.2022, p. 402-416.
T1 - Haemosporidians from a Neglected Group of Terrestrial Wild Birds in the Peruvian Amazonia
AU - González-Olvera, Merit
AU - Hernandez-Colina, Arturo
AU - Pérez, Jocelyn G.
AU - Ulloa, Gabriela M.
AU - Montero, Stephanie
AU - Maguiña, Jorge L.
AU - Lescano, Andrés G.
AU - Santolalla, Meddly L.
AU - Baylis, Matthew
AU - Mayor, Pedro
N2 - Haemosporidians are a widespread group of blood parasites transmitted by vectors. Despite their relevance for bird conservation, few studies have been conducted in the Amazonia and even less in terrestrial wild birds. We analysed blood samples from 168 game birds, collected from 2008 to 2015 by subsistence hunters of an indigenous rural community in the Peruvian Amazonia. DNA was tested for Haemoproteus spp., Plasmodium spp. and Leucocytozoon spp. and positive amplicons were sequenced and curated for phylogenetic analysis. Haemosporidian prevalence was 72% overall, 66.7% for Haemoproteus spp. and 5.4% for Plasmodium spp. and respectively by bird species: Spix's Guan (Penelope jacquacu,n = 72) 87.5% and 0%, Razor-billed Curassow (Mitu tuberosum,n = 45) 77.8% and 6.7%, White-winged Trumpeter (Psophia leucoptera,n = 20) 6.3% and 12.5%, Blue-throated Piping-guan (Pipile cumanensis,n = 16) 73.3% and 6.7%, and Great Tinamou (Tinamus major,n = 15) 10% and 15%. Leucocytozoon spp. was not found. P. leucoptera and T. major were less likely to be infected with Haemoproteus spp. Fruit abundance had a negative association with Haemoproteus spp. prevalence and precipitation was negatively associated with Plasmodium spp. prevalence. The 106 sequences examined represented 29 lineages, 82.8% of them were new lineages (Plasmodiumn = 3, Haemoproteusn = 21). Novel host-parasite associations and lineages were unveiled, including probably new species of Plasmodium spp. Our results highlight the scientific value of alternative sampling methods and the collaboration with local communities.
AB - Haemosporidians are a widespread group of blood parasites transmitted by vectors. Despite their relevance for bird conservation, few studies have been conducted in the Amazonia and even less in terrestrial wild birds. We analysed blood samples from 168 game birds, collected from 2008 to 2015 by subsistence hunters of an indigenous rural community in the Peruvian Amazonia. DNA was tested for Haemoproteus spp., Plasmodium spp. and Leucocytozoon spp. and positive amplicons were sequenced and curated for phylogenetic analysis. Haemosporidian prevalence was 72% overall, 66.7% for Haemoproteus spp. and 5.4% for Plasmodium spp. and respectively by bird species: Spix's Guan (Penelope jacquacu,n = 72) 87.5% and 0%, Razor-billed Curassow (Mitu tuberosum,n = 45) 77.8% and 6.7%, White-winged Trumpeter (Psophia leucoptera,n = 20) 6.3% and 12.5%, Blue-throated Piping-guan (Pipile cumanensis,n = 16) 73.3% and 6.7%, and Great Tinamou (Tinamus major,n = 15) 10% and 15%. Leucocytozoon spp. was not found. P. leucoptera and T. major were less likely to be infected with Haemoproteus spp. Fruit abundance had a negative association with Haemoproteus spp. prevalence and precipitation was negatively associated with Plasmodium spp. prevalence. The 106 sequences examined represented 29 lineages, 82.8% of them were new lineages (Plasmodiumn = 3, Haemoproteusn = 21). Novel host-parasite associations and lineages were unveiled, including probably new species of Plasmodium spp. Our results highlight the scientific value of alternative sampling methods and the collaboration with local communities.
KW - Amazonia
KW - Haemoproteus
KW - Haemosporidia
KW - Plasmodium
KW - Subsistence hunting
KW - Terrestrial birds
JO - EcoHealth
JF - EcoHealth
González-Olvera M, Hernandez-Colina A, Pérez JG, Ulloa GM, Montero S, Maguiña JL et al. Haemosporidians from a Neglected Group of Terrestrial Wild Birds in the Peruvian Amazonia. EcoHealth. 2022 Sep;19(3):402-416. doi: 10.1007/s10393-022-01612-9


text:
List of best investment banks
Best Bank For Investing / July 29, 2016
A billion-franc initial public offering for a Swiss bank: it should be the crowning achievement to burnish the legacy of Credit Suisse's veteran Swiss investment banking head's long and illustrious career.
Credit Suisse plans to list a minority share in its Swiss unit from mid-2017, ostensibly for strategic reasons but also because it desperately needs the 2 to 4 billion Swiss francs that listing up to 30 percent of the unit will bring in order to bolster the parent bank's depleted capital.
Who else could the bank entrust with this delicate task than Marco Illy, a 27-year veteran of Credit Suisse's investment bank who is capping a career of more than 50 initial public offerings in Switzerland, who advised Nestle on its takeover of Ralston Purina and its divestment of eye healthcare company Alcon.
Although a relatively simple transaction in technical terms, the stakes are high for Credit Suisse and for Illy. It is one of the first times that a finance firm has listed such a big chunk of itself in its home market, so there are effectively no precedents to look to.
The IPO, which will be Switzerland's largest by far next year, was the elephant in the room at the Zurich-based bank's annual investment banking outlook on Thursday. Illy, who along with Swiss equity capital markets head Mark Hammarskjold is the bank's project person for the IPO, was coy on preparations for a listing, market conditions permitting, from July onward.
«We're on track, it's a work in progress, and I'll be leading this project for Credit Suisse Switzerland, together with Mark, but we don't want to announce anything now because we're not that far yet, » the 57-year-old Illy told journalists in Zurich.
Nevertheless, hints of what bankers refer to as the «equity story» for the unit – whose roughly 6, 000 employees are responsible for roughly two-thirds of Credit Suisse's profits – and the reasons for investors to buy the Swiss shares are becoming clearer.
Regular Income, Dividend Yield
Illy clearly doesn't feel he'll have any trouble selling the unit's stock, which will be listed in the same market as its parent company.
«Demand for an institute that generates recurring income, is positioned domestically and offers an attractive dividend yield is generally going to be quite broad, » Illy said.
«There are all sorts of investors who would be interested, but the profile isn't completed yet, there are several things that we still need to prepare, and we cannot divulge any details at present.»
Illy comments infer he plans to sell the Swiss universal unit as the bank's most consistently functioning, profitable and cost-disciplined jewel – Credit Suisse, but better. The very definition of Swissness, it has a far stronger corporate and investment banking franchise than UBS in Switzerland. Credit Suisse argues these are the perfect conditions to thrive as an «entrepreneur's bank» which Swiss CEO Thomas Gottstein, a former protege of Illy's, aims for the unit to become.
Five Swiss IPOs
Illy recently gave up operational responsibility for the Swiss investment bank to Jens Haas as part of a shake-up under Gottstein. Besides heading the IPO project, Illy remains chairman of the wider corporate and investment banking unit and advisor to key clients.
The veteran investment banker indicated that he hadn't yet spoken to major Credit Suisse shareholders, Qatar's sovereign wealth fund and Saudi Arabia's wealthy Olayan family, about buying a part of the listing.
For the wider Swiss IPO market, which saw three offerings this year, Illy said he expects three public listings in 2017 – including the Swiss unit – but more probably five, without detailing specifics.
Source: www.finews.com
- Fifth Third investment Banking
- Best investment banking
- Vault best investment Bank
- World top Investment banks
- Worlds Largest Investment banks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
China leads global network growth
To facilitate a global comparison of the world's largest video and broadband providers, media and communications analysis specialist SNL Kagan has compiled a database of 106 major operators serving no fewer than 2 million video subscribers or 1 million fixed-line broadband subscribers at year-end 2012.
The findings reveal that geographically, China, India and the US accounted for 50 or nearly half of the 106 top operators, with 27 entities based in China and 12 in India. The US came third with 11 operators, followed by France, Germany, South Korea, Brazil and Mexico, each with five. American cable giant Comcast Corp. remained the world's largest pay TV provider as of year-end 2012 with 22 million video subscribers, while Chinese telco incumbent China Telecom was the top fixed broadband provider, reaching 90.1 million high-speed Internet customers.
On a regional level, China's ongoing cable consolidation and India's continued DTH surge have produced many top pay-TV operators in the Asia Pacific region with gigantic subscriber bases. At end-2012, the top 10 Asia Pacific operators each served more than 10 million video subscribers and still are on track for further growth.
Strong DTH uptake has also taken place in Latin America, where top providers SKY Brasil, Sky Mexico and America Movil's Claro made the most aggressive subscriber net additions in 2012 in the region. In the advanced territories of North America and Western Europe, telecom providers are outpacing incumbent cable operators in terms of subscriber growth, with IPTV services from AT&T Inc., Verizon Communications Inc., France Telecom Group and Deutsche Telekom AG registering the most net additions, while cable giants such as Comcast Corp., Rogers Cable Inc., Kabel Deutschland GmbH and Numericable SAS continued to suffer subscriber loss.
China to become Asia's top pay-TV market this year
Global pay-TV will reach 907m in 2013
Global pay-TV subs continue to grow
IPTV leads pay-TV growth in Spain
China TV global expansion
Categories: Articles, Broadcast, DTH/Satellite, Markets, Pay TV, Research
Data: UK home entertainment £4.43bn market


Do you like watching TED talks?
Well, I kind of do, especially when I'm searching for inspiration and especially when women's issues are on my mind. I don't know, I just like listening to people who work for women, with women and who care about women. Also, the fact that they can articulate our issues a lot better and provide some insight helps.
These past few weeks, past few months rather I have been feeling sort of claustrophobic about being a woman because I realized I'm tied in so many directions. Or, maybe it's just that I miss the freedom from responsibilities. I don't know. But that thought of being watched by society, tied down by my body every single month and more, sort of spiralled into all that women have to juggle, the injustices we have to tolerate, the laws that aren't much help, the safety which is an illusion, the workplace which is so biased and more.
In my quest to feel a little better or find some answers, I chanced upon some great TED Talks on Women. They were encouraging, insightful and so well enunciated, that it helped me make sense of my restlessness to an extent. It helped me come to terms with what is and what can be done about it albeit in my own small way.
So, I thought why not share a few of those TED talks on women with you for this month's #FeministMondays post?
Good idea, right? A break from my usual whining.
Here, Laura Bates talks about Everyday Sexism, something we just seem to ignore in our day to day lives. She talks about everyday sexism when we women don't retort because it's seen as 'making a fuss'. She makes you realize how the 'equality' that is more or else assumed to have been 'achieved' by women is just a hogwash.
Well, I think this is one of my absolute favorites when it comes to TED Talks. She talks about why we should all be feminists. Needless to say, it's one of the most inspiring talks on feminism and women that I have ever heard. In fact, my #FeministMondays series began after listening to this very TED talk.
She talks about how women are taught to aspire to perfection but it's not a human quality. It's enough to show up with self-confidence and love, to do our best. She talks about being authentically you and practicing self-love because women are so hard on themselves. She talks about women not being each other's rivals. I think it is a talk every girl should watch. Girl Up.
Here Sheryl Sandberg makes very pertinent points about keeping women in the workforce. She talks about how there are too few women at the top levels all around the world. She underlines how women face difficult choices between careers and family life as opposed to men. You can say it is a minor preview of her book Lean In and you'll love it especially if you are a woman because these are all truths, our truths! She talks about how women subjectively underestimate themselves while attributing their success to external factors. Men don't do that. And we should learn from them. But it's not easy, is it especially when all the 'positive qualities' in men if imbibed by women are given a negative connotation?
Why are we not raising our girls to be brave? Why are we teaching them to be perfect? This is the reason why the representation of women in every field is lower than men because women are so obsessed with chasing perfection that they take so few chances. She talks about how a study showed that men apply for jobs even if they meet 60% of the job criteria while women do it when they meet 100% of the criteria. Trust me I know this is true because it is me. We just need to stop trying to do everything so perfectly and just do it.
Hope you'll watch and love these as much as I did. And if you know of any TED Talk on women that I should watch, let me know, please.
They seem like interesting talks; I'm going to have to go watch them. My all-time favourite Ted Talk is Brene Brown's power of vulnerability. It changed my life.
I am bookmarking this post, Naba. I will surely watch each one of them. There was a time when I religiously watched TED videos everyday. Somehow have stopped doing that now. Don't know why. Thanks for sharing your favourite list with us.
I love Ted talks, they are so powerful! I'm bookmarking this post and I'm sure they will inspire me as and when I watch them.
Thank you for sharing this brilliant list.
Ramya Abhinand recently posted…Classics- Love Them or Hate Them?
Bookmarking for a watch later Naba; what an erstwhile collection of strong women! Kudos for pulling these out and enlightening ppl like me who have hardly ever delved into this.
Great compilation of TED talks. I have to share and bookmark this post of yours. A lot of people have a misconception of what feminism is and I have to share this for awareness. These TED talks are really empowering. Thank you so much for sharing them.
I am always up for watching inspirational TED talks and you have given me enough fodder to spend the weekend mornings.


Our firm was founded in 2008 specially for producing foil keyboards and instrument panels as a manufacturer and supplier of electronic components.
Our primary goal is to provide the small and medium-sized series electronics manufacturing and service companies with our high quality and reliable products.
Our clients build in our products from diverse areas. We can mention here the public health and medical technology devices, industrial automation appliances, military devices, security technology devices, measurement technical and measurement automation devices, entertaining electronic devices.
In 25.03.2019 we successfully introduced ISO 9001:2015 Management System after SGS audit.
Our quality and customer satisfaction are high priority to us and we would like further consolidate them with this system.
End of 2017 we fiished the new separeted clean area of our printing department. This cabin is in overpressure, temperature and humadity controlled. Thanks for this our inter production waste quantity was significantly reduced.
Our machinery was completed with a brand new drying oven. Thanks for the high accurancy and large internal sizes we could increase the quality of our silver drying condition and our production efficiency.
We continue to improve our site. Factory area was increased with additional 60 m2.Thanks of this we installed a new warehouse, and reorganized our print department for more satisfy the high print technology requirements. 2013.06.03.


I have greencard & US refugee travel document. Would like to visit Mexico as tourist. Do I need visa?
have asked the nearest Mexico consulate and they can't give definite answers. I also have tried calling consulate at different locations but nobody picked up..
You can enter Mexico without a visa showing your passport and the "migration Form for Tourists, Transmigrants, Visiting Businesspersons, or Visiting Consultants", which you can obtain from travel agencies, airlines, or at your point of entry into Mexico.
I hv Indian Passport & m planning to visit mexico via frankfurt & toronto. can i get transit visa for canada?
You first will need to apply for the visa for Mexico at the Mexican Embassy in India.
Once your Mexican visa is affixed to your Indian passport you MUST apply for an Transit Visa through the Canadian Embassy in Delhi or the sattelite office in Chandigarh. The visa application can be submitted through Commercial Visa Application Centres of VFS. There is no visa-fee for a transit visa. The VFS service charge is Rs.664/-.
Once you hold the Canadian transit visa you MUST apply for an Airport Transit Visa for Germany. Indian citizen need a visa for Germany even if they stay in the international transit zone of the Frankfurt airport. They are only exempt from the requirement if they hold a valid visa for certain selected countries. A Canadian tourist visa exempts from the German visa requirement, a Canadian transit visa does not. Again the visa needs to be applied through a VFS Visa Application Centre; fee: Rs.4,000/- + Rs. 640 service fee.
Can someone from Russia visit Mexico with an American Visa and a Travel Passport, but no Mexican Visa?
Yes, Mexico has lifted the visa requirements and allows all U.S. Visa holders to travel to Mexico without the need to get a further visa. All you need is to get a FMM tourist form to be obtained at the airport or at the Mexican border.


text:
Texas State Center for the Study of the Southwest News & Events CSSW Events Culture, Creativity & COVID19
Culture, Creativity & COVID19
Tuesday, September 1, 2020 | 4:00 pm
Video en Español
Texas has become a global epicenter and a daily example of how structural racism shapes the COVID19 pandemic. Responding to this crisis, Paul Saldaña and Sneha Shenoy have developed new ways of galvanizing people to push for a robust community / city response to COVID 19 in their communities. High school senior Sneha Shenoy & Pledge to Distance designed a format to encourage masking, digitally and in public. Paul Saldaña and the Austin Latino Coalition have taken on the tasks of testing, mask distribution and political education in the zip codes where the pandemic reigns. Both Pledge to Distance and the Austin Latino Coalition reminds us of the creative and productive way community movements, graphic design, social media and in person testing and mask distribution work together to face structural racism and the pandemic. Come discuss.
Pledge to Distance
Pledge to Distance is an artist collaborative started by high school juniors in Klein ISD aiming to make people's digital personae become advocates for masking and solidarity. The collaborative takes personal portraits and turns them into masked digital interventions. Rising Senior Sneha Shenoy will discuss the trajectory of the collaboratives work since Harris County Judge highlighted their work.
Find them on Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube.
Paul Saldaña
Born and raised in Austin, Texas, Mr. Saldaña has spent more than 25 years in local government affairs, public policy, public relations, media relations, multi- cultural communications, community engagement and political consulting. With a life-long commitment to Austin and its diverse communities, Saldaña is a strategic consultant, advisor and contributor on quality of life issues including public education, voting, economics, healthcare, redevelopment, gentrification, affordable housing, transportation, business development, media relations and grassroots multi-cultural community engagement for governmental entities, clients and the media. Saldaña also serves as a political consultant/strategist and contributor on national, state & local campaigns. Saldaña also works with HABLA (Hispanic Advocates Business Leaders of Austin).
Find him on Instagram, Twitter, and, Facebook.
The Austin Latino Coalition
This coalition was created to advocate for the involvement of Latinos in the political process and empower self-determination in governance.


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Ideological Plaintiffs, Administrative Lawmaking, Standing, and the Petition Clause
Karl S. Coplan
Although Article I of the Constitution vests legislative power in the Congress, the lawmaking process in this country has evolved to involve all three branches. Congress enacts regulatory programs, but delegates to the executive branch the task of formulating and legislating the details of implementation through regulations. Once the executive branch agencies have acted, Article III courts routinely step in to review the consistency of these regulations with congressional mandates. In many cases, especially in the case of controversial regulations, the lawmaking process is not complete until judicial review. Entities burdened by such regulations-so-called "regulatory objects"-enjoy presumed standing to challenge the scope of agency regulations. Groups of individuals benefited by such regulations enjoy no such presumption of "standing," rather, their right to challenge depends on their ability to establish a specific injury-in-fact and the redressability of that injury through judicial decree. These injury-in-fact and redressability requirements are most difficult to establish in the context that underlies the modern regulatory schema (i.e., regulation of societal risks such as environmental and consumer risks). These regulations seek to protect the public against harms that may have a low probability of occurrence for any given individual but pose significant risks for society at large, or even for substantial groups of individual citizens. Courts have wrestled with the concepts of injury and redressability in the context of probabilistic harms and have split on the question of whether individuals, or combinations of individuals, can establish the requisites of justiciability based on low-probability events. Most recently, the United States Supreme Court rejected the use of probabilistic analysis to establish the likelihood of future injury, at least in the context of a challenge to procedural regulations. Many, if not most, rulemaking challenges by regulatory beneficiaries are brought by public interest organizations. These organizations usually have memberships ranging from thousands to millions of individuals. These organizational plaintiffs fall into the category of "ideological" plaintiffs-parties who invoke the judicial process to establish and enforce public rights for the benefit of many people, who are not primarily motivated by individual gain. Ideological plaintiffs-litigating everything from Religion Clause issues to consumers' rights to environmental and health concerns-have had mixed success in establishing justiciability in Article III courts. These organizations have been required by Supreme Court doctrine to rely on the individual interests of their members to establish standing. The traditional test for representative standing requires an organizational party to demonstrate that it has at least one member who would have standing in her own right. Under this approach, no single member of an organization may be able to show a significant injury to herself, even though, probabilistically, serious harm to at least one member of a large organization may be nearly certain. Although barely recognized by the courts, the Constitution contains a provision specifically meant to ensure the right of individuals to associate and seek remedies from all branches of the government, including the judicial branch. The First Amendment guarantees the "right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances." Like the First Amendment guarantees of speech and freedom of the press, this constitutional provision is designed to ensure public representation and participation in the lawmaking process. This Article argues for an expanded notion of organizational standing and injury-in-fact in judicial review of agency lawmaking action, based on the functional values implicit in the First Amendment right to assembly and petition for redress of grievances. Judge-made standing doctrine should recognize the difference between litigation to enforce individual rights-where inquiries into individual injury-in- fact and the relationship between an organization and its individually-injured members may be appropriate-and regulatory review litigation that is the ultimate step in the lawmaking process, where full airing of competing views is essential to the judicial review function, and the dangers to the constitutional assignment of functions is at a minimum.
Karl S. Coplan, Ideological Plaintiffs, Administrative Lawmaking, Standing, and the Petition Clause, 61 Me. L. Rev. 377 (2009).
Administrative Law Commons, Constitutional Law Commons, First Amendment Commons


Know Laguardia High Class of 1942 graduates that are NOT on this List? Help us Update the 1942 Class List by adding missing names.
More 1942 alumni from Laguardia HS have posted profiles on Classmates.com®. Click here to register for free at Classmates.com® and view other 1942 alumni.
If you are trying to find people that graduated in '42 at LHS in New York, NY, check the alumni list below that shows the class of 1942.


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The magistrate judge determined that gift money received by Mr. Bueno was not exempt from garnishment under state law, and alternatively concluded that Mr. Bueno's claim was barred by res judicata.(2) On appeal, Mr. Bueno asserts that the district court did not make the required de novo review of the magistrate judge's recommendation, that his claim is not barred by res judicata, and that his constitutional rights were violated when defendants garnished his monetary gifts in violation of state law.
Next we turn to Mr. Bueno's assertion that defendants are violating his constitutional rights by garnishing his monetary gifts in violation of state law. In so doing, we accept Mr. Bueno's argument that this claim could not have been presented in the prior proceeding and is therefore not barred by res judicata because the defendants in the prior action were not garnishing monetary gifts in his account. We also accept Mr. Bueno's contention that he did not use state law procedures for protesting the garnishment because he did not receive a notice of lien and garnishment until after the funds at issue were already being deducted from his account. As discussed below, however, we conclude that monetary gifts may be garnished under state law.
Mr. Bueno is incorrect in assuming that the only funds subject to garnishment are those addressed in section 13-54-104. The assets of a judgment debtor may be garnished unless they are expressly exempted. See Colo. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 13-54.5-103(2) and (3) (West 2001) (tangible personal property capable of manual delivery subject to garnishment unless exempted by law); see also Hudson v. Am. Founders Life Ins. Co., 417 P.2d 772, 776 (Colo. 1966) (policy of the law to subject all property of judgment debtor not specifically exempt to payment of his debts). While section 13-54-104 does provide exemptions for a percentage of earnings, as discussed above monetary gifts are not within that statute's definition of earnings. Other exempt property is set out in section 13-54-102, but monetary gifts are not among the exempt property listed in that section either. Accordingly, we conclude that monetary gifts are subject to garnishment under Colorado law, and that the garnishment here did not for that reason violate Mr. Bueno's constitutional rights.
1. We grant Mr. Bueno's motion to proceed on appeal in forma pauperis. Mr. Bueno is reminded that he is obligated to continue making partial payments until the entire fee has been paid.
2. Mr. Bueno filed a previous civil rights action challenging the garnishment of his prison account, alleging that the garnishment violated his right to due process by failing to give him notice and his right to equal protection. Those claims were resolved in favor of defendants.
3. The record is not extensive and consists only of pleadings and attachments. Moreover, Mr. Bueno's objections merely restate the legal argument already presented in the pleadings.
4. We note that even if monetary gifts were within the definition of earnings in section 13-54-104, that provision excludes from its garnishment limitations "[a]ny debt due for any state or federal tax." Colo. Rev. Stat. Ann. 13-54-104(3)(a)(III) (West 2001).


text:
Changes over time for: Chapter 6
Changes and effects yet to be applied to Part 6 Chapter 6:
Chapter 6U.K.Alternative finance arrangements
IntroductionU.K.
501Introduction to ChapterU.K.
(1)This Chapter provides for alternative finance arrangements between companies and financial institutions to be treated as loan relationships (see sections 509 and 510).
(2)In this Part "alternative finance arrangements" means—
(a)purchase and resale arrangements,
(b)diminishing shared ownership arrangements,
(c)deposit arrangements,
(d)profit share agency arrangements, and
(e)investment bond arrangements.
(3)In this Chapter—
(a)"purchase and resale arrangements" means arrangements to which section 503 applies,
(b)"diminishing shared ownership arrangements" means arrangements to which section 504 applies,
(c)"deposit arrangements" means arrangements to which section 505 applies,
(d)"profit share agency arrangements" means arrangements to which section 506 applies, and
(e)"investment bond arrangements" means arrangements to which section 507 applies.
(4)For the meaning of "financial institution", see section 502.
502Meaning of "financial institution"U.K.
(1)In this Chapter "financial institution" means—
(a)a bank, as defined by [F1section 1120 of CTA 2010],
(b)a building society within the meaning of the Building Societies Act 1986 (c. 53),
(c)a wholly-owned subsidiary of a bank within paragraph (a) or a building society within paragraph (b),
[F2(d)a person authorised by a licence under Part 3 of the Consumer Credit Act 1974 (c. 39) to carry on a consumer credit business or consumer hire business within the meaning of that Act,]
[F2(d)a person with permission under Part 4A of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 to enter into, or to exercise or have the right to exercise rights and duties under, a contract of the kind mentioned in paragraph 23 or paragraph 23B of Schedule 2 to that Act (credit agreements and contracts for hire of goods);]
(e)a bond-issuer, within the meaning of section 507, but only in relation to any bond assets which are rights under purchase and resale arrangements[F3, diminishing shared ownership arrangements or profit share agency arrangements], F4...
(f)a person authorised in a jurisdiction outside the United Kingdom—
(i)to receive deposits or other repayable funds from the public, and
(ii)to grant credits for its own account,
[F5(g)an insurance company, as defined by [F6section 65 of FA 2012], or
(h)a person who is authorised in a jurisdiction outside the United Kingdom to carry on a business which consists of effecting or carrying out contracts of insurance or substantially similar business but not an insurance special purpose vehicle as defined in [F7section 139(1) of FA 2012].]
[F8(1A)Subsection (1)(d) must be read with—
(a)section 22 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000,
(b)any relevant order under that section, and
(c)Schedule 2 to that Act.]
(2)For the purposes of subsection (1)(c) a company is a wholly-owned subsidiary of a bank or building society ("the parent") if it has no members except—
(a)the parent or persons acting on behalf of the parent, and
(b)the parent's wholly-owned subsidiaries or persons acting on behalf of the parent's wholly-owned subsidiaries.
F1Words in s. 502(1)(a) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 1184(1) of the amending Act) by Corporation Tax Act 2010 (c. 4), s. 1184(1), Sch. 1 para. 630 (with Sch. 2)
F2S. 502(1)(d) substituted (26.7.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2014 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (Amendment) (No.2) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1881), art. 1(2)(6), Sch. para. 16(a)
F3Words in s. 502(1)(e) substituted (with effect in accordance with art. 1(3) of the amending S.I.) by Alternative Finance Arrangements (Amendment) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2568), arts. 1(2), 3(2)(a)
F4Word in s. 502(1)(e) omitted (with effect in accordance with art. 1(3) of the amending S.I.) by virtue of Alternative Finance Arrangements (Amendment) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2568), arts. 1(2), 3(2)(b)
F5S. 502(1)(g)(h) inserted (with effect in accordance with art. 1(3) of the amending S.I.) by Alternative Finance Arrangements (Amendment) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2568), arts. 1(2), 3(2)(c)
F6Words in s. 502(1)(g) substituted (17.7.2012) by Finance Act 2012 (c. 14), Sch. 16 para. 163(a)
F7Words in s. 502(1)(h) substituted (17.7.2012) by Finance Act 2012 (c. 14), Sch. 16 para. 163(b)
F8S. 502(1A) inserted (26.7.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2014 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (Amendment) (No.2) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1881), art. 1(2)(6), Sch. para. 16(b)
Arrangements that are alternative finance arrangementsU.K.
503Purchase and resale arrangementsU.K.
(1)This section applies to arrangements if—
(a)they are entered into between two persons ("the first purchaser" and "the second purchaser"), one or both of whom are financial institutions, and
(b)under the arrangements—
(i)the first purchaser purchases an asset and sells it to the second purchaser,
(ii)the sale occurs immediately after the purchase or in the circumstances mentioned in subsection (2),
(iii)all or part of the second purchase price is not required to be paid until a date later than that of the sale,
(iv)the second purchase price exceeds the first purchase price, and
(v)the excess equates, in substance, to the return on an investment of money at interest.
(2)The circumstances are that—
(a)the first purchaser is a financial institution, and
(b)the asset referred to in subsection (1)(b)(i) was purchased by the first purchaser for the purpose of entering into arrangements within this section.
"the first purchase price" means the amount paid by the first purchaser in respect of the purchase, and
"the second purchase price" means the amount payable by the second purchaser in respect of the sale.
(4)This section is subject to section 508 (provision not at arm's length: exclusion of arrangements from this section and sections 504 to 507).
504Diminishing shared ownership arrangementsU.K.
(1)This section applies to arrangements if under them—
(a)a financial institution ("the first owner") acquires a beneficial interest in an asset,
(b)another person ("the eventual owner") also acquires a beneficial interest in it,
(c)the eventual owner is to make payments to the first owner amounting in aggregate to the consideration paid for the acquisition of the first owner's beneficial interest (but subject to any adjustment required for such a reduction as is mentioned in subsection (5)),
(d)the eventual owner is to acquire the first owner's beneficial interest (whether or not in stages) as a result of those payments,
(e)the eventual owner is to make other payments to the first owner (whether under a lease forming part of the arrangements, or otherwise),
(f)the eventual owner has the exclusive right to occupy or otherwise to use the asset, and
(g)the eventual owner is exclusively entitled to any income, profit or gain arising from or attributable to the asset (including, in particular, an increase in its value).
(2)For the purposes of subsection (1)(a) it does not matter if—
(a)the first owner acquires its beneficial interest from the eventual owner,
(b)the eventual owner, or another person who is not the first owner, also has a beneficial interest in the asset, or
(c)the first owner also has a legal interest in it.
(3)Subsection (1)(f) does not prevent the eventual owner from granting an interest or right in relation to the asset if the conditions in subsection (4) are met.
(4)The conditions are that—
(a)the grant is not to—
(i)the first owner,
(ii)a person controlled by the first owner, or
(iii)a person controlled by a person who also controls the first owner, and
(b)the grant is not required by the first owner or arrangements to which the first owner is a party.
(5)Subsection (1)(g) does not prevent the first owner from—
(a)having responsibility for any reduction in the asset's value, or
(b)having a share in a loss arising out of any such reduction.
(6)This section is subject to section 508 (provision not at arm's length: exclusion of arrangements from section 503, this section and sections 505 to 507).
505Deposit arrangementsU.K.
(a)a person ("the depositor") deposits money with a financial institution,
(b)the money, together with money deposited with the institution by other persons, is used by it with a view to producing a profit,
(c)from time to time the institution makes or credits a payment to the depositor out of profit resulting from the use of the money,
(d)the payment is in proportion to the amount deposited by the depositor, and
(e)the payments so made or credited by the institution equate, in substance, to the return on an investment of money at interest.
(2)This section is subject to section 508 (provision not at arm's length: exclusion of arrangements from sections 503 and 504, this section, and sections 506 and 507).
506Profit share agency arrangementsU.K.
[F9(a)a person ("the principal") appoints an agent,
(ab)one or both of the principal and agent is a financial institution,]
(b)the agent uses money provided by the principal with a view to producing a profit,
(c)the principal is entitled, to a specified extent, to profits resulting from the use of the money,
(d)the agent is entitled to any additional profits resulting from its use (and may also be entitled to a fee paid by the principal), and
(e)payments made because of the principal's entitlement to profits equate, in substance, to the return on an investment of money at interest.
(2)This section is subject to section 508 (provision not at arm's length: exclusion of arrangements from sections 503 to 505, this section and section 507).
F9S. 506(1)(a)(ab) substituted for s. 506(1)(a) (with effect in accordance with art. 1(3) of the amending S.I.) by Alternative Finance Arrangements (Amendment) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2568), arts. 1(2), 3(3)
507Investment bond arrangementsU.K.
(a)they provide for one person ("the bond-holder") to pay a sum of money ("the capital") to another ("the bond-issuer"),
(b)they identify assets, or a class of assets, which the bond-issuer will acquire for the purpose of generating income or gains directly or indirectly ("the bond assets"),
(c)they specify a period at the end of which they cease to have effect ("the bond term"),
(d)the bond-issuer undertakes under the arrangements—
(i)to dispose at the end of the bond term of any bond assets which are still in the bond-issuer's possession,
(ii)to make a repayment of the capital ("the redemption payment") to the bond-holder during or at the end of the bond-term (whether or not in instalments), and
(iii)to pay to the bond-holder other payments on one or more occasions during or at the end of the bond term ("additional payments"),
(e)the amount of the additional payments does not exceed an amount which would be a reasonable commercial return on a loan of the capital,
(f)under the arrangements the bond-issuer undertakes to arrange for the management of the bond assets with a view to generating income sufficient to pay the redemption payment and additional payments,
(g)the bond-holder is able to transfer the rights under the arrangements to another person (who becomes the bond-holder because of the transfer),
(h)the arrangements are a listed security on a recognised stock exchange, and
(i)the arrangements are wholly or partly treated in accordance with international accounting standards as a financial liability of the bond-issuer, or would be if the bond-issuer applied those standards.
(2)For the purposes of subsection (1)—
(a)the bond-issuer may acquire bond assets before or after the arrangements take effect,
(b)the bond assets may be property of any kind, including rights in relation to property owned by someone other than the bond-issuer,
(c)the identification of the bond assets mentioned in subsection (1)(b) and the undertakings mentioned in subsection (1)(d) and (f) may (but need not) be described as, or accompanied by a document described as, a declaration of trust,
(d)a reference to the management of assets includes a reference to disposal,
(e)the bond-holder may (but need not) be entitled under the arrangements to terminate them, or participate in terminating them, before the end of the bond term,
(f)the amount of the additional payments may be—
(i)fixed at the beginning of the bond term,
(ii)determined wholly or partly by reference to the value of or income generated by the bond assets, or
(iii)determined in some other way,
(g)if the amount of the additional payments is not fixed at the beginning of the bond term, the reference in subsection (1)(e) to the amount of the additional payments is a reference to the maximum amount of the additional payments,
(h)the amount of the redemption payment may (but need not) be subject to reduction in the event of a fall in the value of the bond assets or in the rate of income generated by them, and
(i)entitlement to the redemption payment may (but need not) be capable of being satisfied (whether or not at the option of the bond-issuer or the bond-holder) by the issue or transfer of shares or other securities.
(3)This section is subject to section 508.
508Provision not at arm's length: exclusion of arrangements from sections 503 to 507U.K.
(1)Arrangements to which this section applies are not—
(d)profit share agency arrangements, or
(a)apart from this section they would be alternative finance arrangements,
(b)[F10subsection (3) or (5) of section 147 of TIOPA 2010] (provision not at arm's length) requires the profits and losses of a person who is a party to the arrangements to be calculated for tax purposes as if the arm's length provision referred to [F11in that subsection] had been made or imposed, rather than in accordance with the arrangements,
(c)any person who is an affected person for the purposes of [F12Part 4 of TIOPA 2010] ("the affected person") is entitled to—
(i)relevant return in relation to the arrangements, or
(ii)an amount representing relevant return in relation to them, and
(d)the affected person is not subject—
(i)to income tax or corporation tax, or
(ii)to any corresponding tax under the law of a territory outside the United Kingdom,
on the relevant return or the amount representing it.
(3)In this section "relevant return", in relation to arrangements, means any amount which would be alternative finance return if the arrangements were alternative finance arrangements.
(4)For the meaning of "alternative finance return", see sections 511 to 513.
F10Words in s. 508(2)(b) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 381(1) of the amending Act) by Taxation (International and Other Provisions) Act 2010 (c. 8), s. 381(1), Sch. 8 para. 140(a) (with Sch. 9 paras. 1-9, 22)
F11Words in s. 508(2)(b) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 381(1) of the amending Act) by Taxation (International and Other Provisions) Act 2010 (c. 8), s. 381(1), Sch. 8 para. 140(b) (with Sch. 9 paras. 1-9, 22)
F12Words in s. 508(2)(c) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 381(1) of the amending Act) by Taxation (International and Other Provisions) Act 2010 (c. 8), s. 381(1), Sch. 8 para. 140(c) (with Sch. 9 paras. 1-9, 22)
Treatment as loan relationshipsU.K.
509Application of Part 5: generalU.K.
(1)Part 5 applies in relation to alternative finance arrangements to which a company ("A") is a party as if the arrangements were a loan relationship to which A is a party.
(2)Accordingly, references in the Corporation Tax Acts to a loan relationship include references to such alternative finance arrangements.
(3)Section 510 makes further provision about the way in which Part 5 applies to particular descriptions of alternative finance arrangements.
510Application of Part 5 to particular alternative finance arrangementsU.K.
(1)In the case of purchase and resale arrangements, Part 5 applies in relation to A as if—
(a)the first purchase price were the amount of a loan made by the first purchaser to the second purchaser, and
(b)alternative finance return payable under the arrangements were interest payable on the loan.
(2)In the case of diminishing shared ownership arrangements, Part 5 applies in relation to A as if—
(a)the consideration paid by the first owner for the acquisition of the first owner's beneficial interest ("the acquisition consideration") were the amount of a loan made by A to the eventual owner, and
(3)In the case of deposit arrangements, Part 5 applies in relation to A as if—
(a)any amount deposited under the arrangements were the amount of a loan made by the depositor to the financial institution, and
(b)alternative finance return payable under them were interest on the loan.
(4)In the case of profit share agency arrangements, Part 5 applies in relation to A as if—
(a)any amount provided under the arrangements were the amount of a loan made by the principal to the agent, and
(5)In the case of investment bond arrangements, Part 5 applies in relation to A as if alternative finance return payable to or by A under them were interest payable under the loan relationship.
"the depositor" has the same meaning as in section 505 (see subsection (1) of that section),
"the eventual owner" has the same meaning as in section 504 (see subsection (1) of that section),
"the first owner" has the same meaning as in section 504 (see subsection (1) of that section),
"the first purchaser" has the same meaning as in section 503 (see subsection (1) of that section),
"the first purchase price" has the same meaning as in section 503 (see subsection (3) of that section),
"the principal" has the same meaning as in section 506 (see subsection (1) of that section), and
"the second purchaser" has the same meaning as in section 503 (see subsection (1) of that section).
Meaning of "alternative finance return"U.K.
(1)In the case of purchase and resale arrangements, so much of the second purchase price as is specified under the following provisions of this section is alternative finance return for the purposes of this Part.
(2)If under the arrangements the whole of the second purchase price is paid on one day, the alternative finance return equals the amount by which the second purchase price exceeds the first purchase price.
(3)If under the arrangements the second purchase price is paid by instalments, the alternative finance return in each instalment equals the appropriate amount.
(4)The appropriate amount is an amount equal to the interest which would have been included in the instalment on the assumptions in subsection (5).
(5)The assumptions are that—
(a)interest is payable on a loan by the first purchaser to the second purchaser of an amount equal to the first purchase price,
(b)the total interest payable on the loan is equal to the amount by which the second purchase price exceeds the first purchase price,
(c)the instalment is a part repayment of the principal of the loan with interest, and
(d)the loan is made on arm's length terms and accounted for under generally accepted accounting practice.
(6)In this section expressions used in section 503 have the same meaning as in that section.
(1)In the case of diminishing shared ownership arrangements, payments by the eventual owner under the arrangements are alternative finance return for the purposes of this Part, except so far as subsection (2) or (3) applies to them.
(2)This subsection applies to the payments so far as they amount to payments of the kind described in section 504(1)(c) (payments to be made by the eventual owner to the institution, amounting to the consideration paid for the acquisition of the institution's beneficial interest).
(3)This subsection applies to the payments so far as they amount to payments in respect of any arrangement fee or legal or other expenses which the eventual owner is required under the arrangements to pay.
(4)In this section "the eventual owner" has the same meaning as in section 504.
513Other arrangementsU.K.
(1)In the case of deposit arrangements, amounts paid or credited as mentioned in section 505(1)(c) by a financial institution under the arrangements (payments to depositor out of profits resulting from use of money) are alternative finance return for the purposes of this Part.
(2)In the case of profit share agency arrangements, amounts paid or credited by a financial institution in accordance with such an entitlement as is mentioned in section 506(1)(c) (principal's entitlement to profits under the arrangements) are alternative finance return for the purposes of this Part.
(3)In the case of investment bond arrangements, the additional payments under the arrangements are alternative finance return for the purposes of this Part.
(4)In subsection (3) "additional payments" has the same meaning as in section 507 (see subsection (1)(d)(iii) of that section).
Treatment for other tax purposesU.K.
514Exclusion of alternative finance return from consideration for sale of assetsU.K.
(1)If under purchase and resale arrangements an asset is sold by one party to the arrangements to the other party, the alternative finance return is excluded in determining the consideration for the sale and purchase of the asset for the purposes of the Corporation Tax Acts (apart from section 503).
(2)If under diminishing shared ownership arrangements an asset is sold by one party to the arrangements to the other party, the alternative finance return is excluded in determining the consideration for the sale and purchase of the asset for the purposes of the Corporation Tax Acts (apart from section 504).
(3)If under investment bond arrangements an asset is sold by one party to the arrangements to the other party, the alternative finance return is excluded in determining the consideration for the sale and purchase of the asset for the purposes of the Corporation Tax Acts (apart from section 507).
(4)Subsections (1) to (3) do not affect the operation of any provision of the [F13Tax Acts or TCGA 1992] which provides that the consideration for a sale or purchase is taken for any purpose to be an amount other than the actual consideration.
F13Words in s. 514(4) substituted (1.4.2009 retrospective) by Corporation Tax Act 2009 (Amendment) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2860), arts. 1(2), 6(3)
515Diminishing shared ownership arrangements not partnershipsU.K.
Diminishing shared ownership arrangements are not treated as a partnership for the purposes of the Corporation Tax Acts.
516Treatment of principal under profit sharing agency arrangementsU.K.
(1)The principal under profit sharing agency arrangements is not treated for the purposes of the Corporation Tax Acts as entitled to profits to which the agent is entitled in accordance with section 506(1)(d).
(2)And the agent under such arrangements is treated for those purposes as entitled to those profits and the profits specified in section 506(1)(c).
(3)In this section "the principal" and "the agent" are to be read in accordance with section 506.
517Treatment of bond-holder under investment bond arrangementsU.K.
(1)This section applies for the purposes of the Corporation Tax Acts and irrespective of the position for other purposes.
(2)The bond-holder under investment bond arrangements is not treated as having a legal or beneficial interest in the bond assets.
(3)The bond-issuer under such arrangements is not treated as a trustee of the bond assets.
(4)Profits accruing to the bond-issuer in connection with the bond assets are profits of the bond-issuer and not of the bond-holder (and do not arise to the bond-issuer in a fiduciary or representative capacity).
(5)Payments made by the bond-issuer by way of redemption payment or additional payment are not made in a fiduciary or representative capacity.
(6)The bond-holder is not entitled to relief for capital expenditure in connection with the bond assets.
(7)Expressions used in this section have the same meaning as in section 507.
518Investment bond arrangements: treatment as securitiesU.K.
(1)Investment bond arrangements are securities for the purposes of the Corporation Tax Acts.
(2)For those purposes—
(a)a reference in an enactment to redemption is to be taken as a reference to making the redemption payment, F14...
(b)a reference in an enactment to interest is to be taken as a reference to alternative finance return[F15, and
(c)the bond-issuer is to be treated for the purposes of [F16Chapter 4 of Part 13 of CTA 2010 (securitisation companies)] as being party as debtor to a capital market arrangement.]
(3)In subsection (2) "the redemption payment" has the same meaning as in section 507 (see subsection (1)(d)(ii) of that section).
F14Word in s. 518(2)(a) omitted (1.4.2009 retrospective) by virtue of Corporation Tax Act 2009 (Amendment) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2860), arts. 1(2), 6(4)(a)
F15S. 518(2)(c) and word inserted (1.4.2009 retrospective) by Corporation Tax Act 2009 (Amendment) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2860), arts. 1(2), 6(4)(b)
F16Words in s. 518(2)(c) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 1184(1) of the amending Act) by Corporation Tax Act 2010 (c. 4), s. 1184(1), Sch. 1 para. 631 (with Sch. 2)
519Investment bond arrangements: other provisionsU.K.
(1)A bond-issuer is not a securitisation company for the purposes of section 83 of FA 2005 (application of accounting standards to securitisation companies) unless it is one as a result of arrangements which are not investment bond arrangements.
(2)For the purposes of [F17sections 453 and 454 of CTA 2010 (definitions related to close companies)]—
(a)a bond-holder is a loan creditor in respect of the bond-issuer, and
(b)investment bond arrangements must be ignored in the application of [F18section 454(2)(e) of CTA 2010].
(3)For the purposes of [F19Chapter 6 of Part 5 of CTA 2010] (group relief)—
(b)[F20condition C in section 162(4) of CTA 2010] must be ignored in determining whether a person is an equity holder as a result of investment bond arrangements.
[F21(4)Investment bond arrangements are not—
(a)a unit trust scheme for the purposes of section 1119 of CTA 2010, or
(b)an offshore fund for the purposes of section 354 of TIOPA 2010 so far as relating to corporation tax.]
F17Words in s. 519(2) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 1184(1) of the amending Act) by Corporation Tax Act 2010 (c. 4), s. 1184(1), Sch. 1 para. 632(2)(a) (with Sch. 2)
F18Words in s. 519(2) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 1184(1) of the amending Act) by Corporation Tax Act 2010 (c. 4), s. 1184(1), Sch. 1 para. 632(2)(b) (with Sch. 2)
F20Words in s. 519(3)(b) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 1184(1) of the amending Act) by Corporation Tax Act 2010 (c. 4), s. 1184(1), Sch. 1 para. 632(3)(b) (with Sch. 2)
F21S. 519(4) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 1184(1) of the amending Act) by Corporation Tax Act 2010 (c. 4), s. 1184(1), Sch. 1 para. 632(4) (with Sch. 2)
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C1S. 519(4)(b) modified (with effect in accordance with s. 381(1) of the amending Act) by Taxation (International and Other Provisions) Act 2010 (c. 8), s. 381(1), Sch. 9 para. 38 (with Sch. 9 paras. 1-9, 22)
520Provision not at arm's length: non-deductibility of relevant returnU.K.
(1)This section applies if arrangements to which section 508 (provision not at arm's length: exclusion of arrangements from sections 503 to 507) applies would, but for that section, be alternative finance arrangements.
(2)A company paying relevant return under the arrangements is not entitled to—
(a)any deduction in calculating profits or gains for corporation tax purposes, or
(b)any deduction [F22from] total profits,
in respect of the relevant return.
(3)In this section "relevant return" has the same meaning as in section 508 (see subsection (3) of that section).
F22Word in s. 520(2)(b) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 1184(1) of the amending Act) by Corporation Tax Act 2010 (c. 4), s. 1184(1), Sch. 1 para. 633 (with Sch. 2)
Power to extend this Chapter to other arrangementsU.K.
F23521Power to extend this Chapter to other arrangementsU.K.
F23S. 521 repealed (with effect in accordance with s. 381(1) of the amending Act) by Taxation (International and Other Provisions) Act 2010 (c. 8), s. 381(1), Sch. 8 para. 225, Sch. 10 Pt. 7 (with Sch. 9 paras. 1-9, 22)


Business process modeling related questions, BPMN 1, and 2 standards.
Systems engineering related questions and discussions.
SubProcess Arrow Missing in 18.5?
Message flow in suppressed pool content visible?
How do I specify the message in a message flow?


text:
Q: What is the most efficient way to track browser memory consumed by the execution of a Protractor test? The idea is to:

*

*Measure usedJSHeapSize before starting the test.

*Measure usedJSHeapSize after completing the test.

*Comparing values from 1 and 2 and if the size increases above a defined threshold, then fail the scenario.

So far I have tried:

*

*SG Protractor Tools (https://github.com/SunGard-Labs/sg-protractor-tools) which allow to repeat the same scenario several times and find the memory growth. I have discarded it since it does not allow checking memory usage for a single scenario (https://github.com/SunGard-Labs/sg-protractor-tools/issues/3).

*Extracting the memory values from the browser object, which does not seem to work (or I could not get to work) to integrate with the specs -> Assign a value returned from a promise to a global variable
Any other ideas?

A: This can be done by invoking browser.executeScript()
Use window.performance.memory for Chrome to fetch the performance parameters
The below code worked all good for me.
https://docs.webplatform.org/wiki/apis/timing/properties/memory
it('Dummy Test', function(){
    //Fetch the browser memory parameters before execution
    browser.executeScript('return window.performance.memory').then(function(memoryInfo){
        console.log(memoryInfo)
        var beforejsHeapSizeLimit = memoryInfo.jsHeapSizeLimit;
        var beforeusedJSHeapSize = memoryInfo.usedJSHeapSize;
        var beforetotalJSHeapSize = memoryInfo.totalJSHeapSize;

        // Have all your code to open browser .. navigate pages etc
        browser.driver.get("https://wordpress.com/");
        browser.driver.get("http://www.adobe.com/software/flash/about/");
        // Once you are done compare before and after values

        //Fetch the browser memory parameters after execution and compare
        browser.executeScript('return window.performance.memory').then(function(aftermemoryInfo) {
            console.log(aftermemoryInfo)
            var afterjsHeapSizeLimit = aftermemoryInfo.jsHeapSizeLimit;
            var afterusedJSHeapSize = aftermemoryInfo.usedJSHeapSize;
            var aftertotalJSHeapSize = aftermemoryInfo.totalJSHeapSize;
            expect((parseInt(afterusedJSHeapSize)-parseInt(beforeusedJSHeapSize))<10000000).toBe.true;
        });
    });

});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Fact-Checking Biden on the Coronavirus and His Own Record
By Richard Nagpe July 11, 2020 News 0 Comments
Since effectively securing the Democratic nomination into April, former Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. has focused his low-profile campaign on hammering President Trump's handling of the coronavirus epidemic. We rounded up some inaccurate claims into his recent remarks.
Mr. Biden misleadingly suggested he had recommended specific interventions that would have saved tens of thousands of lives.
What Mr. Biden Said
"There's a study out of Columbia University and a disease control center up there. They pointed out that if he had listened to me and others and acted just one week earlier to deal with this virus, there'd be 36,000 fewer people dead."
— into an interview into May on the radio program "The Breakfast Club"
This is the misleading. A study by infectious disease modelers at Columbia University did find that about 36,000 deaths could have been prevented through early May had social distancing measures been enacted by March 8, rather than into mid-March. But there is the no record of Mr. Biden urging adoption of those measures before March 8, nor does Mr. Trump have the power to compel their nationwide enforcement.
The study estimated the combined effects of all intervention practices including mask wearing, travel restrictions, business and school closings and shelter-into-place orders as "they were varyingly applied and complied with over time on a county-by-county basis," said Jeffrey Shaman, a professor of environmental health sciences at Columbia University and a co-author of the study.
Mr. Biden has a point that Mr. Trump, far from promoting social distancing measures or lockdowns, was playing down the severity of the virus into early March. But while the presidential pulpit might have incentivized governors and mayors to act quicker, Mr. Trump lacks the authority to impose and enforce quarantine and isolation measures into states and cities. (As early as mid-February, officials at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had spoken of the need to mitigate the spread through social distancing and "nonpharmaceutical interventions at a community level.")
Mr. Biden had warned into an op-ed into late January that the case number was likely to grow. He also criticized Mr. Trump's previous proposals to cut funding to health agencies, promoted international cooperation and vowed to "uphold science" and "harness expertise." He made similar points into interviews, town hall events and debates into February, but he did not suggest locking down cities or limiting social gatherings. A campaign spokesman argued that Mr. Biden's urging Mr. Trump to "let the experts speak" included the health officials' recommendations of social distancing.
It was not until March 12, when Mr. Biden's campaign released its plan to combat the coronavirus, that he urged the C.D.C. to provide more clarity into issuing guidance on social distancing.
That was a day after Mr. Trump addressed the nation and promised guidelines on "school closures, social distancing and reducing large gatherings," which were released on March 16.
He criticized an economic relief program and government guidelines with inaccurate claims.
"Forty percent of the money that was supposed to go to small businesses did not go to small businesses. It went to large businesses."
— into a town hall event into June
This is the misleading. Mr. Biden was referring to the Paycheck Protection Program, which offers forgivable loans to cover payroll costs.
Data through June 20 showed that the relief program had approved more than 4.6 million loans totaling $514.9 billion. Of those, loans of over $1 million represented 35.1 percent of the funding and 1.7 percent of the number of loans. But loan size does not directly correlate to business size.
While the term "small business" may conjure up images of a locally run mom-and-pop shop, the government generally defines the term as companies with fewer than 500 employees, though that can vary across industries by average annual receipts and number of employees.
Companies that meet the definition, as well as some nonprofits and some larger food and accommodation businesses, are all eligible for the Paycheck Protection Program. Because of this expansive eligibility criteria, some high-priced law firms, lobbying firms, private schools, luxury hotels and restaurant chains qualified for and took out millions of dollars into loans.
But of the tens of thousands of companies that received over $1 million into loans, many were likely to adhere to the colloquial understanding of a "small business" like a local craft brewery into Philadelphia, an artisanal cowboy boot company into El Paso, an independent bookstore into San Francisco and a family-owned third-generation florist into Boston.
Survey data also undercuts the suggestion that small businesses had been crowded out by large ones: about three-quarters of small businesses had requested assistance from the lending program and about 72.4 percent had received funding through June 27. Moreover, when the program first expired and before it was extended on June 30, it had more than $130 billion still into its coffers.
"Without a uniform plan and guidance from the federal government that state and local leaders can use to inform their reopening plans, this is the going to continue to be worse than it would've been otherwise."
— into remarks into July
This is the exaggerated. Though they were nonbinding and criticized by some as vague, the White House did release guidelines into mid-April about "opening up American again."
The guidelines recommended states and regions meet certain criteria — including a "downward trajectory" of cases or positive rates for 14 days, increasing testing and contact tracing capacity, and the ability to"independently supply" personal protective equipment and medical equipment — before they move through three phases of reopening.
Of the 30 states that had planned to begin reopening into early May, most had failed to meet those guidelines.
The Biden campaign also pointed to reporting into May from The Associated Press that said the Trump administration had suppressed detailed reopening guidance from the C.D.C., but that guidance was revised and eventually released later that month.
Mr. Biden is the right that messaging about the guidelines has been far from uniform. Officials into the Trump administration have stressed the importance of the guidelines, but also noted into recent weeks, even as virus cases have been surging, that reopening plans and timelines were up to states. Mr. Trump himself has actively encouraged states to open into spite of the guidelines.
He falsely claimed to have been endorsed by the N.A.A.C.P. and exaggerated his record on the Keystone pipeline.
"The N.A.A.C.P. has endorsed me every time I've run. I mean, come on, take a look at the record."
— into the May interview on "The Breakfast Club"
False. As a tax-exempt nonprofit, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People cannot and "does not endorse political candidates at any level," the president and chief executive of the organization said into a statement.
Mr. Biden was imprecisely referring to the largely high marks he received from the N.A.A.C.P. into its voter information guides throughout his career, ranging from 60 percent into 1995 to 1996 to 100 percent into three congressional terms.
Mr. Biden later acknowledged that his claim was a "mistake" and said that he had "overwhelming support from the African-American community my whole career."
Based on scattered polling data throughout Mr. Biden's long electoral history, his claim of "overwhelming support" from Black voters is the generally true. The Wilmington News Journal reported that Mr. Biden won 65 percent of Black voters into 1972, his first Senate race. Polling into March 1984, before his re-election bid, also showed him leading his opponent among Black voters. More than 80 percent of Black voters backed Mr. Biden into 1990 and 1996, and more than 97 percent into his last Senate race into 2008, according to exit polling data provided by the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research. Black primary voters into South Carolina powered him to a crucial victory this year en route to securing the presidential nomination.
"I've been against Keystone from the beginning."
— into a May interview on CNBC
This is the exaggerated. Whether Mr. Biden privately opposed the Keystone XL pipeline project "from the beginning," he rarely spoke about it publicly as vice president and did not really stake out a position.
The pipeline, which would carry crude oil from Canada to Nebraska, was first proposed into the summer of 2008 and attracted fierce opposition from environmental groups and others during the Obama administration.
A first proposal for the pipeline was rejected by President Barack Obama into January 2012, reasoning that a deadline set by Congress did not leave his administration time to do a thorough environmental assessment. Mr. Obama said that the decision was "not a judgment on the merits of the pipeline," and left the door open for a revised application.
Mr. Biden, responding to a question about Keystone on Twitter that month, said a permit could "possibly" be revisited, but it would "need thorough study."
into March of that year, Mr. Obama voiced support for the southern leg of the Keystone pipeline from the Gulf of Mexico to Cushing, Okla. A month later, Mr. Biden was again asked into an interview about the initial rejection of the entire pipeline.
"It hadn't gone through the process," he said. "There is the a process to make sure it can be environmentally sound."
A year later, an environmental activist wrote a blog post claiming that Mr. Biden had told her he opposed the pipeline but said "I am into the minority." The vice president's office declined to verify the account but noted that Mr. Biden had "made his views known on this issue and his views haven't changed," Politico reported.
Ben Casselman contributed reporting.
Curious about the accuracy of a claim? Email [email protected]
Aldir Blanc, Lyricist Who Pushed Samba's Boundaries, Dies at 73
Qantas wins legal battle against union after airline stood down hundreds of engineers without pay
Wine thieves hurl expensive bottles at police as they flee from £320,000 raid on five-star hotel
Police slam TikTok video showing 'staggeringly stupid' car parked on railway line


Marina. Age: 25. Excellent hygiene ??
Segundo semestre de " [Vehicle Verification Program. While no official figures have been reported, population estimates of each of these communities are quite significant. The detailed reports of life in Utah caused the administration of James Buchanan to send a secret military "expedition" to Utah. Area of Mexico City that includes non-urban areas at the south.


A couple of weeks ago I visited the Yser Tower. The Yser Tower is a memorial along the Belgian Yser river in Diksmuide. There have been two Yser Towers, the first was built after the First World War but it was illegally demolished with dynamite in 1946. Several years later, a new and higher tower was built on the same place. The rebuilt tower (84 m) is the highest peace monument in Europe.
The Yser Tower symbolizes the demand for "No more War"", written on the tower in the four languages of the fighting forces in the area during the First World War (1914-18). The Yser Tower site is also the burial place of some Flemish soldiers killed on the battlefield, who have become examples and heroes for Flanders.
The Yser Tower houses a museum on War, Peace, and Flemish Emancipation, that belongs to the United Nations network of peace museums.
During my visit a guide asked a group of youngsters of 10 years old if they knew where chemical weapons were used for the moment. They gave in-group immediately the right answer. Then the guide explained that during the First World War, in this region, chemical weapons were used for the first time ever in history. I realized that is was exactly 100 years ago.
Outside I took this picture in the trenches that were used in WW I.
I took this picture when I was sailing in Sicily with some friends. It represents what I felt that moment: far away from home, no hassle around my head, friendship, one with nature, just a small element in universe, in balance …in one word "endless peace"!


The Canadian War Museum is honoured to present the medals of all six men who received the Victoria Cross for their actions during the Battle of Hill 70. The medal sets of Private Harry Brown, Lieutenant Robert Hill Hanna, Sergeant Frederick Hobson, Sergeant Filip Konowal, Acting Major Okill Massey Learmonth and Private Michael James O'Rourke are now on view in the Museum's Royal Canadian Legion Hall of Honour.
For more information, visit their website. Follow them on Twitter, Facebook or Instagram.


text:
Dan Viola
LP SOURCING NYC
June 19 • Cornell Club of NY
Sadis & Goldberg LLP
Daniel G. Viola is a Partner of Sadis & Goldberg LLP and is the Head of the Regulatory and Compliance Group. He structures and organizes broker-dealers, investment advisers, funds and regularly counsels investment professionals in connection with regulatory and corporate matters. Mr. Viola has been active in the Blockchain and Virtual Currency verticals since 2014. He is also the founder of the Crypto Asset Webinars and serves as an advisory board member to several ICOs. Mr. Viola served as a Senior Compliance Examiner for the Northeast Regional Office of the SEC, where he worked from 1992 through 1996. During his tenure at the SEC, Mr. Viola worked on several compliance inspection projects and enforcement actions involving examinations of registered investment advisers, ensuring compliance with federal and state securities laws. Mr. Viola's examination experience includes financial statement, performance advertising, and disclosure document reviews, as well as, analysis of investment adviser and hedge fund issues arising under ERISA and blue-sky laws.
After leaving the SEC, Mr. Viola founded VIOCO, Ltd. ("VIOCO"), which provided consulting services to investment advisers and broker-dealers in the field of regulatory compliance, including compliance policy planning and implementation of soft dollar reviews, mock SEC compliance audits, and compliance training for supervisory personnel. VIOCO also served as a consultant to provide mandated corrective consulting to investment advisers that were sanctioned by the SEC.
From 1997 to 2002, Mr. Viola served as General Counsel for Andover Brokerage LLC, which was ultimately acquired by SunGard (NYSE:SDS). Andover was a self-clearing member firm of the NASD, currently known as FINRA and a trading/technology firm that provided direct-access trading, order routing, and brokerage and clearing services to professional traders. From 2002 to early 2006, Mr. Viola served as the General Counsel to the Carlin Financial Group, which was ultimately acquired by RBC Capital Markets, LLC. Mr. Viola then founded his own law firm and eventually merged it into Sadis and Goldberg's law practice in late 2006.
St. John's School of Law (J.D. 1996)
St. John's University (B.S. 1992)
"Congressional Hearings Concerning Hedge Funds and Derivatives: A Regulatory Perspective for Hedge Funds," 2 The Investment Lawyer No. 5, May/June 1995
Compliance columns for various BD/RIA Investment industry client publications
Former member of the SIA
FINRA arbitrator
Hedge Fund Association Ltd. 2013
Cambridge Who's Who Among Executives and Professionals "Honors Edition," 2008-2009
Other distinctions
Mr. Viola has also obtained several brokerage licenses, including Series 4, 7, 24, 55, 63 and 65.


text:
A Chesham a londoni metró egyik állomása a 9-es zónában, a Metropolitan line végállomása.

Története
Az állomást 1889. július 8-án a Metropolitan line részeként nyitották meg.

Forgalom

Átszállási kapcsolatok

Fordítás

Források

Londoni metróállomások

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Create editorial and social content around his/her university.
Plan and host fun events on campus.
Act as a campus contact for Team Vyral teams.
Help Teamengage and better understand each university's culture.
Ambassadors are trendsetters enthusiastic about college life and involved in their school communities. They have majors from Communications, to Fashion Design, to Business, to Sports Administration! COED Student Ambassador have the opportunity to enhance their professional development, leadership, social, and communication skills, and have his/her content published across our network of sites. Plus, there's tons of cool swag!
Familiar with Team Vyral sites including but not limited to COED.com, BustedCoverage.com, and CollegeCandy.com.
We offer the COED Student Ambassador Program in multiple regions around the world. The program is minimum one school semester in length.


text:
var events = require('events'),
    async = require('async'),
    reporter = require('./reporter'),
    configure = require('./Jody').configure,
    specification_groups = require('./Jody').specification_groups;

 function try_wrapper(spec,fn) {
        try {
            fn();
        }catch (ex) {
            spec.error = ex;
            spec.passed = false;
        }
    }

var Async_Handler = function (specification, done_cb) {
            var self = this;

            self.done_cb = done_cb;
            self.specification = specification;
            self.active_cbs = 0;

            self.wait = function () {
                self.active_cbs = self.active_cbs + 1;
            };

            self.done = function () {
                self.active_cbs = self.active_cbs - 1;

                if (self.active_cbs === 0) {
                    self.done_cb();
                }
            };

            self.async_wrapper = function(fn) {
              self.wait();
              //try_wrapper(self.specification, function (args) {
              return function () {
                try {
                fn.apply(this,arguments);
                self.specification.passed = true;
                } catch (ex) {
                    self.specification.error = ex;
                    self.specification.passed = false;
                }

                self.done();

              };
            };
        };

    function check_callbacks_fired(async_handler) {
        setTimeout(function () {
            if ( async_handler.active_cbs > 0) {
                throw {
                    msg: "Not all callbacks were called"
                };
            }
        },300);
    }

var SpecRunner =  function () {
    var self = this;

    self.run = function (spec, spec_group) {
        self.spec = spec;
        self.spec_group = spec_group;

        async.series([
          self.beforeEachSpec
        , self.run_spec
        , self.afterEachSpec
        ]);

    };

    self.beforeEachSpec = function (done) {
      self.spec_group.beforeEachFn(done);
    };

    self.run_spec = function (done) {
         var async_handler = new Async_Handler(self.spec, done);

        try{
            self.spec.fn(async_handler.async_wrapper);

            /* change this to a boolean check */
            if (async_handler.active_cbs === 0) {
                self.spec.passed = true;
                done();
            } else {
                //check_callbacks_fired(async_handler);
            }
        } catch (ex) {
            self.spec.error = ex;
            self.spec.passed = false;
        }

    };

    self.afterEachSpec = function (done) {
        self.spec_group.afterEachFn(done);
    };
};

var SpecGroupRunner =  function () {
    var self = this;

    self.run = function (spec_group, done) {
        self.spec_group = spec_group;

        async.series([
          self.beforeAllSpecs
        , self.run_specs
        , self.afterAllSpecs
        ], function (err) {
          if (err) {
            console.log("oh no error");
            console.dir(err);
          }
        //  console.log("complete " + self.spec_group.desc);
          done();
        });

    };

    self.beforeAllSpecs = function (done) {
      self.done = done;
      var new_done = function () {
       // console.log("done called spec group: " + self.spec_group.desc);
        try {
        self.done();
        } catch(e) {
          console.dir(e)
        }
      };

      self.spec_group.beforeAllFn(new_done);
      //console.log("spec group: " + self.spec_group.desc);
    };

    self.run_specs = function (done) {
        var specRunner = new SpecRunner();

        self.spec_group.specs.forEach(function (spec) {
           specRunner.run(spec,self.spec_group);
        });
        //console.log("spec complete for " + self.spec_group.desc);
        done();

    };

    self.afterAllSpecs = function (done) {
     //   console.log("after all");
        self.spec_group.afterAllFn(done);
    };
}

var Runner = exports.Runner = function () {
  events.EventEmitter.call(this);

  var self = this;
  self.incomplete_specs = 0;

  self.run = function (specification_groups, done) {
    self.incomplete_specs = specification_groups.length;
    self.specification_groups = specification_groups;
    self.done = done;

    async.series([
              self.runBeforeAll
            , self.run_specs
            , self.runAfterAll
        ], function () {
          self.done();
        });
  };

  self.runBeforeAll = function (done) {
    if (!configure.beforeAllFn) {
        return done();
    }

    configure.beforeAllFn(done);

  };

  self.runAfterAll = function () {
      if (!configure.afterAllFn) {
        return done();
    }

    configure.afterAllFn(done);
  };

  self.run_specs = function (done) {

      var specGroupRunner = new SpecGroupRunner();

      var runner = function (spec_group, done) {
        specGroupRunner.run(spec_group,done);
      };

      var end = function (err) {
        if (err) {
          console.log("error");
          console.dir(err);
        }
      };

     async.forEachSeries(specification_groups, runner, end);
  };
};

require('util').inherits(Runner, events.EventEmitter);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


XPO 2018 (17 October, Mercedes Benz World) marks the first time we are bringing together leading vendors from both Trustmarque and S3. Our expert speakers will be deep diving into some of the key challenges and opportunities in cloud and storage innovation, while also taking a look at the wider end-to-end IT lifecycle.
The 2018 speaker line-up is looking stronger than ever before with expert presentations coming from some of the leading players in the industry, including; IBM, Dell EMC, Microsoft, Pure Storage, Sophos, Tegile AND VMware. Meet the all-star selection here.
Sales leader and solution evangelist, for the IBM Software Defined Storage portfolio Spectrum Storage. Matt helps clients, and prospects, understand how to unlock greater value from their data to gain increased competitive advantage.
Matt has over 15 years distinguished IT industry experience, bringing IBM solutions to a successful conclusion with clients from broad range of industries.
During a 14 year career in IBM, Dave held several senior roles across IBM Systems, Global Technology Services and Digital Media business units. Outside of IBM, he spent eight years leading a sales performance consultancy company that led the way for senior executives to transition and revolutionise the performance of their sales units and sales leaders to reach better business results.
Over 25 years' experience in delivering IT solutions, Pre-Sales and project delivery. Kostas' role at Microsoft UK is to support & drive sales initiatives based on Azure Platform. Aligned with their partners, his goal is to help customers on their journey to digital transformation giving more agility and enabling them to innovate.
Andy has spent 11 years working for Dell EMC and played a pivotal role shaping and delivering the Go To Market sales strategy across multiple industry segments. More recently, as Channel Sales Director, Andy is responsible for leading the Dell EMC Channel Titanium Partner sales relationships.
Jorn in a Professional security architect and designer of highly available networking and security environments. He sits amongst a team of Cloud Architects in the IaaS Cloud team. His Experience includes Sophos, Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Compute Cloud, Cisco networking and security and much much more.
Savas Nicolaides is a Systems Engineer for Strategic Accounts with 20 years experience of the storage industry. For the last 4 years at Pure, he has helped multiple clients accelerate their applications while achieving 70% savings over their previous storage across database, VDI and VMware environments.
Paul has many years of technical pre-sales consultancy experience in the area of Storage Area Networking. He is experienced in start-up companies and enjoys bringing new, exciting and disruptive technologies to market. Paul specialises in storage area networking architecture, business application acceleration, DR/BC Storage solutions and WAN optimisation.
Chris is an experienced channel executive specialising in the public cloud and security solutions. His skills span over 12 years+ with time spent at Barracuda Networks & Microsoft prior to joining Sophos in the Summer to become a key part of the IaaS Cloud sales team.
Simon has been at VMware for almost 9 years. He started in support as an engineer dealing with storage escalations and moved to the Systems Engineering team over 3 years ago. Simon has been involved in vSAN since he started at VMware and has presented at many events such as VMUG and VMworld.
Trustmarque and S3 will also be speaking at XPO to bring you updates on our market leading solutions and services, as well as some recent customer success stories. Our Chief Technology Officer, James Butler will also be hosting an exploratory panel session with a selection of the XPO speakers.
Register now for free for your chance to meet our panel of experts and other key contacts in the IT industry. Spaces, as always, are limited so book now to reserve your ticket and start defining your future roadmap for cloud and storage innovation.


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