text:
Home » Information » Technical articles » The history of Alginate chemistry - Structure
The history of Alginate chemistry - Structure
Structure - Early work
Alginic acid was discovered, first extracted and patented by Stanford in the 1880's (Stanford 1881 and 1885). the patent explains how alginate can be extracted by soaking seaweed in water or dilute acid, extracting with sodium carbonate and then precipitating the alginate out of solution with acid. Stanford described alginate as containing nitrogen, but this can be attributed to protein impurities and is not due to the alginate itself (Krefting, 1896 and 1898; Hoagland and Lieb, 1915).
Figure: Sodium polymannuronic acid
Krefting (Krefting, 1896 and 1898) was the first to prepare a purified form of alginic acid but it was not until 1930 that the first structure of alginic acid was proposed (Nelson and Cretcher 1929 and 1930). Alginate was heated in acid and the pentoses formed by the loss of carbon dioxide were isolated and identified by osazone formation. The osazone formed could only have come from D-xylose or D-lyxose and consequently the uronic acids possible could only have been D-glucuronic acid, D-iduronic acid, D-Mannuronic acid and L-guluronic acid. Ironically the presence of guluronic or iduronic acid was excluded on the basis that they had never been found in nature before. Glucuronic acid was ruled out experimentally. The structure proposed was that alginate consisted of a polymeric uronic acid consisting largely of D-mannuronic acid residues. This was established by comparing the diamide and diphenyl hydrazide derivatives of the uronic acid isolated from the polymer with analogous derivatives prepared from D-mannurono-6,3-lactone. they also showed that, on heating in acid, carbon dioxide was released from the polysaccharide and that the weight loss was consistent with alginate being a polyuronate structure.
The methylation work of Hirst and his co-workers showed the polymer to be essentially made up of 1:4 linked β-D-mannuronic acid residues (Hirst 1939). It wasn't until 1955 that, by paper chromatography, L-guluronic acid was also detected as a major component of alginate (Fischer and Darfel, 1955). They also demonstrated that the ratio of of L-guluronic acid to D-mannuronic acid was varied depending on the species of seaweed used. Fractional precipitation with potassium chloride (Haug, 1959), manganese salts (McDowell R H, 1958) or a combination of magnesium and calcium salts (Haug and Smidsrod, 1965) leads to a concentration of the two uronides into separate fractions. By partial acid hydrolysis and isolation of the oligomers it was shown that mannosyl gulose was present in the hydrolysis products of reduced alginic acid and hence at least some molecules of alginate contained both uronic acids (Vincent 1960; Hirst, Percival and Wold 1964).
The history of Alginate chemistry - Structure 2
‹ The history of Alginate chemistry - Bacterial Parent page The history of Alginate chemistry - Structure 2 ›


text:
Biography of Fashion Photographer.
Richard Avedon (1923-2004)
• Richard Avedon's Photography
• Recognition and Awards
• Exhibitions and Collections
• Profiles of Other Famous Photographers
PHOTOGRAPHIC GLOSSARY
For a brief explanation of technical
and historical terms, please see:
Richard Avedon's Photography
Together with contemporaries Cecil Beaton (1904-80), Norman Parkinson (1913-90), Irving Penn (1917-2009) and Yousuf Karsh (1908-2002), the American artist Richard Avedon was one of the greatest photographers in fashion and portraiture during the 20th century. Experienced in both independent and commissioned fine art photography, he set the pace in various genres, while simultaneously teasing them and testing their limits. As a portraitist and fashion photographer, he virtually invented a series of photographic styles. Indeed, his creative eye helped to shape America's image of style, beauty and culture since the 1960s. He was the lead cameraman for both Harper's Bazaar and Vogue, and an important contributor to various other magazines including Life and Look. He was a regular photographer for Gianni Versace, Calvin Klein Jeans, Revlon, Chanel, Dior, and many others. His portraiture included photos of numerous celebrities including: Buster Keaton, Ezra Pound, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Marilyn Monroe, Andy Warhol, Christopher Reeve, Saul Bellow, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, George Bush Sr, Hillary Clinton, John Kerry, Stephen Sondheim, and many others. In addition, as is now becoming clear, he also created a substantial body of documentary photographs during the late 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. Avedon's most expensive photo is Dovima with Elephants (1955), which was auctioned in November 2010, at Christie's in Paris for $1,151,976.
See also: the History of Photography (c.1800-1900), for a short account of how early camera technology evolved. For early pioneers, see: 19th-Century Photographers.
Born Richard Avonda in New York City to Jewish Russian parents. 1937-1941, DeWitt Clinton High School in New York. 1941-1942, studies at Columbia University. 1942-1944, serves in the merchant marine. 1944-1950, studies under Alexey Brodovitch (1898-1971) at the New School for Social Research. Own studio from 1946.
1945-1947, contract photographer for Junior Bazaar under Brodovitch and Carmel Snow (with Henry Wolf, Marvin Israel, Ruth Ansel, and Bea Feitler as later art directors). 1957, consultant for Stanley Donen's film Funny Face. 1958, voted one of the ten most important photographers by Popular Photography. 1962 first museum exhibition (arranged by Marvin Israel).
1966 switches to Vogue under Diana Vreeland and Alexander Liberman (1912-99). 1985-1992, publishes exclusively in Egoiste. 1994 staff photographer for the New Yorker. Martin Munkacsi (1896-1963) becomes the model for this fashion photography innovator (outdoor and in the studio) always interested in typography/layout. In addition, independent series: Street photography, especially portraits, generally against a neutral (white) background. Best-known are his portraits of his father (marked by his impending death), Jacob Israel Avonda. 1970 brings out his monograph on the French photographer Lartigue: Diary of a Century. Also TV commercials, campaigns for Chanel, Dior, Versace, and Calvin Klein.
Compare the edgy 1970s fashion photos of another Vogue camera artist, Helmut Newton (1920-2004).
1979, commissioned by the Amon Carter Museum in Fort Worth, Texas, to produce portraits of people in the American west. His 125 photos of drifters, cowboys, prospectors and others from the western United States became a travelling exhibit (and best-selling book) entitled In the American West. Compare the work of Eugene Atget (1857-1927), Walker Evans (1903-75), Ben Shahn (1898-1969) and Dorothea Lange (1895-1965). For a postmodernist comparison, see the work of Annie Leibovitz (b.1949)
Avedon received many awards for his photography, including: a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Council of Fashion Designers of America (1989); the Hasselblad Award (1991); the International Center of Photography Master of Photography Award (1993); the Prix Nadar (1994) for his photobook Evidence; the Berlin Photography Prize (2000); a Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Arts Council (2003). A significant contributor to modern art in America, he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2001) and an Honorary Fellow (HonFRPS) of the The Royal Photographic Society (2003).
For a brief discussion of the aesthetics and evolution of lens-based art, see: Is Photography Art?
Selected Exhibitions and Collections
Unless stated all shows are solo events.
1962 Washington DC (Smithsonian Institution - 1972)
1970 Minneapolis (Minnesota) (Institute of Arts)
1974 New York (Museum of Modern Art)
1975 New York (Marlborough Gallery)
1978 New York (The Metropolitan Museum of Art - 2003)
1980 Berkeley (California) (University of California)
1985 Fort Worth (Texas) (Amon Carter Museum)
1994 New York (Whitney Museum of American Art)
2001 Wolfsburg (Kunstmuseum)
2007 Berlin (Camera Work)
2007 Humlebaek (Denmark) (Museum of Modern Art)
2008 Milan (Forma)
2008 Paris (Jeu de Paume)
2008 Berlin (Martin-Gropius-Bau)
2009 Amsterdam (Fotografiemuseum Amsterdam)
2009 San Francisco (Museum of Modern Art)
2009 New York (International Center of Photography)
Avedon's work is represented in a number of public collections, notably those of the Museum of Modern Art NYC; the Metropolitan Museum of Art NYC; Smithsonian's National Museum of American History, Washington DC; Amon Carter Museum, Ft. Worth, Texas; and the Pompidou Centre, Paris.
Photographs by Richard Avedon are regularly exhibited in some of the best galleries of contemporary art across America.
Profiles of Other Famous Photographers
In addition to those camera artists mentioned above, here is a short list of the best known photographers of the 20th century.
• Charles Sheeler (1883-1965) Factory photos
• Man Ray (1890-1976) Dada, fashion
• Paul Strand (1890-1976) Exponent of straight photography
• John Heartfield (Helmut Herzfeld) (1891-1968) Dada photomontages
• Henri Cartier-Bresson (1908-2004) Street photography, surrealism
• Robert Capa (1913-54) War photographer
• Robert Mapplethorpe (1946-89) Figurative images and still lifes
• Jeff Wall (b.1946) Staged photography
• Nan Goldin (b.1953) Feminist camera art
• Cindy Sherman (b.1954) Surrealistic self-portraits
• Andreas Gursky (b.1955) Architecture, landscapes
• For more about fashion photography, see: Homepage.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush is "moving forward" on a potential 2016 White House run and it appears more likely he will enter the Republican field, according to his son, who's running for office in Texas.
George P. Bush told ABC's "This Week" that his father is "still assessing" a presidential bid, but suggested it was more likely that he would seek the White House this time. The ex-governor declined to run for president in 2012 despite encouragement from Republicans.
CAMARILLO, Calif.
A national survey of gas prices reports that the average cost of U.S. regular grade gas dropped 18 cents per gallon in the last two weeks.
Industry analyst Trilby Lundberg said Sunday that the average for regular grade gas is $3.08 per gallon, while midgrade averages $3.31 and premium $3.47. Retail diesel averages $3.67.
Lundberg said the price has dropped 65 cents since its peak in May and is 29 cents below what it was last year.
Dozens of residents in a rural area of Hawaii were placed on alert as flowing lava from an erupting volcano continued to advance.
Authorities on Sunday said lava flow on the Big Island of Hawaii had advanced about 250 yards since Saturday morning and was moving at the rate of about 10 to 15 yards an hour, consistent with its advancement in recent days.
The flow front passed through a predominantly Buddhist cemetery, covering grave sites in the mostly rural region of Puna, and was roughly a half-mile from Pahoa Village Road, the main street of Pahoa.
A Mexican man who is living in a Denver church basement has claimed sanctuary to avoid deportation.
First Unitarian Society of Denver on Sunday officially welcomed Arturo Hernandez Garcia, who is living in the United States illegally.
The Denver Post reports Garcia left his wife and two children and moved into the church basement on Tuesday.
Florida Gov. Rick Scott is ordering twice daily monitoring for anyone returning from places the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention designates as affected by Ebola.
Scott signed the order Saturday, giving the Florida Health Department authority to monitor individuals for 21 days. Scott said in a press release that his administration had asked the CDC to identify risk levels of returning individuals from specific parts of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, requesting information specifically about the risk level for four people who had already returned.
Florida A&M University's Marching 100 had played at a Super Bowl and before U.S. presidents. But one of the nation's most-celebrated marching bands had a dark secret: members were occasionally beaten with mallets, fists and drumsticks in a hazing initiation known as "crossing" Bus C.
The trial of four band members is scheduled to start Monday on charges of felony hazing and manslaughter, almost three years after drum major Robert Champion died from being beaten during that ritual.
His death shone a spotlight on hazing at FAMU and other colleges, caused the band to be suspended for over a year and contributed to the resignation of FAMU's president.
Compiled from wire reports
Lubbock Avalanche-Journal ~ 710 Avenue J, Lubbock, TX 79401 ~ Do Not Sell My Personal Information ~ Cookie Policy ~ Do Not Sell My Personal Information ~ Privacy Policy ~ Terms Of Service ~ Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy
Texas/Region
Frenship Today
Lone Star Varsity
Savvy Shopper
Buddy Holly Archives
1970 Lubbock Tornado
Spotted Archive
South Plains Gives
Discover Lubbock
Best of Lubbock


text:
Reichenfels osztrák mezőváros Karintia Wolfsbergi járásában. 2016 januárjában 1893 lakosa volt.

Elhelyezkedése

Reichenfels Karintia keleti részén helyezkedik el a felső Lavant-völgyben, a Packalpe és a Seetaler-Alpok hegyvonulatai között.  A Wolfsbergi járás legészakabbi települése. Területe a következő katasztrális községekből áll: Reichenfels (1 064 lakos), Sankt Peter im Lavanttal (313), Sommerau (196), Weitenbach (279).

A környező települések: délre Bad Sankt Leonhard im Lavanttal, délnyugatra Hüttenberg, északra Obdach, keletre Hirschegg-Pack.

Története
A település - eredetileg a vár - neve ("gazdagkő") a környező hegyekben található ezüst- és aranyércből származik, amelyet már a római időkben is bányásztak. Ennek volt köszönhető a város középkori virágzása is.

A 11. századtól a bambergi püspök birtoka volt. A várat először 1227-ben említik. A település 1457-ben kapott mezővárosi státuszt. 1759-ig püspöki tulajdonban maradt, Mária Terézia idején osztrák fennhatóság alá került.

Az önkormányzat 1850-ben jött létre. 1958-ban hozzácsatolták az addig önálló Sankt Petert.

Lakosság
A reichenfelsi önkormányzat területén 2016 januárjában 1893 fő élt, ami némi visszaesést jelent a 2001-es 2083 lakoshoz képest. Akkor a helybeliek 97,4%-a volt osztrák állampolgár. A reichenfelsiek 95,5%-a katolikusnak, 1,5% evangélikusnak, 1,0% pedig felekezeten kívülinek vallotta magát.

Látnivalók
A Szt. Jakab plébániatemplom eredetileg román stílusban épült a 13. században, de azóta többször átépítették. Jókora tornyán barokk hagymakupola látható, a főoltár szintén barokk, a keresztelőkút gótikus, a kerek csontkamra a temetőben pedig román stílusú.
a városon kívül áll a Szt. Péter és Pál-templom, a Felső-Lavanttal egyik legrégebbi temploma; első említése 931-ből való. 1480-ban a törökök lerombolták és gótikus stílusban építették újra. Keresztelőkútja késő gótikus, főoltára a 17. századból való.
 a volt bányászfaluban, Sommerauban található Karintia legrégebbi Szt. Oszvaldnak szentelt kápolnája.
a reichenfelsi vár romjai.

Testvérvárosok
 Aurachtal, Németország

Jegyzetek

Források
 Rosemarie Eichwalder: Reichenfels im Lavanttal. Eine Ortsgeschichte des Marktes bis zum Verkauf der bambergischen Besitzungen in Kärnten an Maria Theresia (Dissertation, Univ. Graz). Gedruckte Ausgabe im Eigenverlag, Wolfsberg 2008, ohne ISBN
 Werner Thelian: Reichenfels - Ein Markt im Wandel der Zeit. Eigenverlag, Bad St. Leonhard 1996, ohne ISBN

Fordítás

Karintia települései

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Describe the symptoms and risk factors of bipolar disorder
A person with bipolar disorder (commonly known as manic depression) often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania; that is, the person's mood is said to alternate from one emotional extreme to the other (in contrast to unipolar, which indicates a persistently sad mood).
To be diagnosed with bipolar disorder, a person must have experienced a manic episode at least once in his life; although major depressive episodes are common in bipolar disorder, they are not required for a diagnosis (APA, 2013). According to the DSM-5, a manic episode is characterized as a "distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy lasting at least one week," that lasts most of the time each day (APA, 2013, p. 124). During a manic episode, some experience a mood that is almost euphoric and become excessively talkative, sometimes spontaneously starting conversations with strangers; others become excessively irritable and complain or make hostile comments. The person may talk loudly and rapidly, exhibiting flight of ideas, abruptly switching from one topic to another. These individuals are easily distracted, which can make a conversation very difficult. They may exhibit grandiosity, in which they experience inflated but unjustified self-esteem and self-confidence. For example, they might quit a job in order to "strike it rich" in the stock market, despite lacking the knowledge, experience, and capital for such an endeavor. They may take on several tasks at the same time (e.g., several time-consuming projects at work) and yet show little, if any, need for sleep; some may go for days without sleep. Patients may also recklessly engage in pleasurable activities that could have harmful consequences, including spending sprees, reckless driving, making foolish investments, excessive gambling, or engaging in sexual encounters with strangers (APA, 2013).
During a manic episode, individuals usually feel as though they are not ill and do not need treatment. However, the reckless behaviors that often accompany these episodes—which can be antisocial, illegal, or physically threatening to others—may require involuntary hospitalization (APA, 2013). Some patients with bipolar disorder will experience a rapid-cycling subtype, which is characterized by at least four manic episodes (or some combination of at least four manic and major depressive episodes) within one year.
Not sleeping for days on end. Long periods of euphoria. Racing thoughts. Grandiose ideas. Mania. Depression. All of these are symptoms of Bipolar Disorder. In the following episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank talks about mood disorders and their causes as well as how these disorders can impact people's lives.
You can view the transcript for "Depressive and Bipolar Disorders: Crash Course Psychology #30" here (opens in new window).
Risk Factors for Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder is considerably less frequent than major depressive disorder. In the United States, 1 out of every 167 people meets the criteria for bipolar disorder each year, and 1 out of 100 meet the criteria within their lifetime (Merikangas et al., 2011). The rates are higher in men than in women, and about half of those with this disorder report onset before the age of 25 (Merikangas et al., 2011). Around 90% of those with bipolar disorder have a comorbid disorder, most often an anxiety disorder or a substance abuse problem. Unfortunately, close to half of the people suffering from bipolar disorder do not receive treatment (Merikangas & Tohen, 2011). Suicide rates are extremely high among those with bipolar disorder: around 36% of individuals with this disorder attempt suicide at least once in their lifetime (Novick, Swartz, & Frank, 2010), and between 15%–19% complete suicide (Newman, 2004).
bipolar and related disorders: group of mood disorders in which mania is the defining feature
bipolar disorder: mood disorder characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania
flight of ideas: symptom of mania that involves an abruptly switching in conversation from one topic to another
mania: state of extreme elation and agitation
manic episode: period in which an individual experiences mania, characterized by extremely cheerful and euphoric mood, excessive talkativeness, irritability, increased activity levels, and other symptoms
Did you have an idea for improving this content? We'd love your input.
Improve this pageLearn More
Modification and adaptation, addition of link to learning. Provided by: Lumen Learning. License: CC BY: Attribution
Mood Disorders. Authored by: OpenStax College. Located at: https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/15-7-mood-disorders. License: CC BY: Attribution. License Terms: Download for free at https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction
All rights reserved content
Depressive and Bipolar Disorders: Crash Course Psychology #30. Authored by: Hank Green. Provided by: CrashCourse. Located at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwMlHkWKDwM&feature=youtu.be&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOPRKzVLY0jJY-uHOH9KVU6. License: Other. License Terms: Standard YouTube License


text:
Pujara, Saha tons crush Australia
Cheteshwar Pujara and Wriddhiman Saha scored hundreds to gain a formidable lead against Australia. Then, Ravindra Jadeja struck twice in the last hour of the day to put India in command.
S. Dinakar
Ranchi 19 March, 2017 16:52 IST
Cheteshwar Pujara played the longest innings by an Indian batsman while making his third double ton in Tests. - PTI
It was a rather dark and cloudy day. There was a little nip in the air and the game was in the balance.
Out in the middle, Cheteshwar Pujara's commitment shone like headlights on an unlit highway. The man backs his technique with immense heart.
Ranchi Test: Day four in pictures
No Indian has played more deliveries in a Test innings than Pujara's 525 here. This was no mere number; more a statement of intent.
And, the slightly built Wriddhiman Saha, who adds considerable weight to the Indian lower order, joined forces with Pujara in a partnership that may have inflict psychological scars on this Aussie attack.
The resolute Pujara made 202 (21x4) – his third Test double century – and Saha came up with a typically feisty 117 (233b, 8x4, 1x6), his third Test century.
As play drew to a close, the mercurial Ravindra Jadeja — after smashing an unbeaten half-century filled with typical aggression — pitched the ball on the rough outside the left-handed David Warner's off-stump. The ball spun in to castle the Aussie opener.
Virat Kohli celebrated by rubbing his still-on-the-mend right shoulder — which has been under considerable focus for various reasons — with glee.
Soon, night-watchman Nathan Lyon was flummoxed by Jadeja's left-arm spin and the Indians were full of beans as they walked back to the dressing room. How this game has turned!
In a contest that has gathered steam going into the last stretch, Australia, trailing by 152 runs in the first innings, ended day four of the third Test at a worrying 23 for two.
Batting on the final day demands technique and application. With three more left-handers in the Australian top seven, Jadeja is bound to further exploit the rough outside their off-stump, and create more trouble.
Earlier, Pujara and Saha seemed to bat for eternity, reviving memories of an epic day from 2001 at the Eden Gardens when the Aussies drew a blank.
This time Pujara and Saha kept the Aussies frustrated and wicket-less in the first two sessions of day four, adding 199 valuable runs for the seventh wicket from 466 deliveries. For the first time in the series, the Aussie attack appeared flattened.
The Aussies gradually lost the plot. Josh Hazlewood, who should have bowled a fuller length and attempted to swing the ball under a cloud cover, began pitching short and entered into a verbal duel with both Pujara and Saha. The two Indians were unflustered.
Pat Cummins bowled with some venom but Pujara blunted the pacer with his resolute defence, collecting runs with deft placements.
The feature of the Indian innings was how well Pujara played the Aussie spinners. He went right forward or travelled deep into the crease after picking the length. Pujara also made the spinners alter their length, stepping out, and then when the ball was consequently pitched shorter, cutting and punching off the back-foot.
He played the ball late off the back-foot, gauging the extent of turn which meant the spinners were at a definite disadvantage. When Lyon spun the ball into the Saurashtra batsman, Pujara went back and whipped the ball along with the turn. Despite the presence of a short-leg, it was a well thought out ploy as Pujara kept going hard at the ball.
The Indians had a definite gameplan against the Lyon and O'Keefe in this innings. They have also been adept with the sweep shot, such a critical aspect in playing spin.
In the morning, Saha had his ways with DRS on leg-before appeals – he was adjudged out by on-field umpire to first Cummins and then Lyon – but replays saved him on both occasions.
It was a fighting innings from Saha. He has an organised, compact game, plays close to his body and is particularly strong between cover and point — driving, punching and cutting.
The host lost wickets going for runs in the final session but it was all India here on Sunday.
Ranchi Test: Saha rates hundred against Australia as his best
Pujara has scored seven centuries in the 2016-17 home season
Australia needs a plan to combat Jadeja, says Lehmann


LAND O'LAKES – The Gulf Buccaneers (9-7-1, 3-4-1) entered the FHSAA 3A, District 8 tournament as the number four seed. After a victory against Land O' Lakes Monday in the quarter-final round they had to face favored number one seed Sunlake (14-5-5, 5-0-1) in the semi-final.
With three goals in the opening half, Gulf opened a lead that the Seahawks couldn't close. Sunlake added a goal to their total in the second session only to be matched by a determined band of Buccaneers for the 4-2 Gulf win and a trip to Friday's final that will be held at Sunlake.
The Bucs will face number two seed River Ridge in the final match Friday night at 7:00 pm. The Royal Knights beat Gulf back in early December 4-2 in a game that was held at River Ridge.


text:
Advanced Search Options 🞨
Browse by author name ("Author name starts with…").
Find ETDs with:
All of these words Any of these words This exact phrase None of these words in any field title author name abstract university/publisher subjects/keywords department/discipline
Written in any language English Portuguese French German Spanish Swedish Lithuanian Dutch Italian Chinese Finnish Greek Published in any country US or Canada Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Bolivia Brazil Canada Chile China Colombia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Italy Japan Kenya Latvia Lithuania Malaysia Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Peru Portugal Russia Singapore South Africa South Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Tanzania Thailand UK US Zimbabwe Earliest date Latest date
Sorted by Relevance Author University Date
Only ETDs with Creative Commons licenses
Sorted by: relevance · author · university · date | New search
'); //} //document.writeln('
'); document.writeln('
New Search Builder
' + 'Add: "And" ' + '"Or" ' + '"Not"
Clear History ·'); document.writeln('Hide History'); document.writeln('
'); for (var i = len - 1 ; i > 0; i--) { var histParts = historyArray[i].split('^'); document.writeln(' ' + i + ' ' + histParts[0]); document.writeln(' ' + histParts[1]); document.writeln(' Re-run |'); document.writeln('Add to builder'); document.writeln('
'); } document.writeln('
You searched for +publisher:"Georgia Tech" +contributor:("Paul Wine"). Showing records 1 – 6 of 6 total matches.
Search Limiters
Last 2 Years | English Only
No search limiters apply to these results.
▼ Search Limiters
1. Huskey, Dow T. A temperature and pressure dependent kinetics study of the gas-phase reactions of bromine (2P3/2) and chlorine (2PJ) atoms with methylvinyl ketone.
Degree: MS, Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2008, Georgia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24734
► A laser flash photolysis resonance fluorescence (LFP-RF) technique has been employed to study the kinetics of the reactions of methylvinyl ketone (MVK) with atomic bromine… (more)
▼ A laser flash photolysis resonance fluorescence (LFP-RF) technique has been employed to study the kinetics of the reactions of methylvinyl ketone (MVK) with atomic bromine (Br) and atomic chlorine (Cl) as a function of temperature (203 755 K) and pressure (12 600 Torr) in nitrogen bath gas. The results of this study are also compared to published kinetics studies for similar reactions. Over the temperature range 200 K < T < 250 K for the reaction of Br with MVK, measured rate coefficients were pressure dependent suggesting the formation of an adduct. The adduct undergoes dissociation on the time scale of the experiments (< 0.1 s) and establishes an equilibrium between Br, MVK, and MVK Br. At temperatures above 298 K no reaction of Br with MVK was observed. Similarly, over the temperature range 405 K < T < 510 K, the reaction of Cl with MVK shows similar kinetics to that of Br and MVK suggesting an equilibrium is established. Equilibrium constants for adduct dissociation and formation are determined for the forward and reverse rate coefficients in both reactions. Second and third-law analyses are carried out to obtain information about the thermochemistry of the equilibrium reactions for Br with MVK and Cl with MVK. Adduct bond strengths of Br and Cl reactions with MVK are reported and compared to reactions with other unsaturated species. Ab initio calculations for these reactions are also presented in this study. Excellent agreement is observed between theory and experiment. Additionally, a reaction of Cl with MVK was observed over the temperature ranges 600 K < T < 760 K and 210 K < T < 365 K. At the lower temperatures, measured rate coefficients are also pressure dependent, however, the adduct remained stable. At the highest temperatures, the measured rate coefficients were pressure independent, suggesting hydrogen abstraction as the dominant reaction pathway. Energetics obtained from ab initio calculations suggest that only abstraction of the methyl hydrogen is likely to occur at a measurable rate in the temperature range investigated. Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Paul Wine (Committee Chair), Dr. Jean-Luc Brédas (Committee Member), Dr. Rigoberto Hernandez (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: Rate coefficient; Bond strength; Abstraction; Adduct; Gas phase; Kinetics; Br; Bromine; Cl; Chlorine; Ketone; Methylvinyl; Bromine; Chlorine; Ketones; Chemical kinetics; Reactivity (Chemistry)
Record Details Similar Records Cite Share »
Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share
APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Huskey, D. T. (2008). A temperature and pressure dependent kinetics study of the gas-phase reactions of bromine (2P3/2) and chlorine (2PJ) atoms with methylvinyl ketone . (Masters Thesis). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24734
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Huskey, Dow T. "A temperature and pressure dependent kinetics study of the gas-phase reactions of bromine (2P3/2) and chlorine (2PJ) atoms with methylvinyl ketone." 2008. Masters Thesis, Georgia Tech. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24734.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Huskey, Dow T. "A temperature and pressure dependent kinetics study of the gas-phase reactions of bromine (2P3/2) and chlorine (2PJ) atoms with methylvinyl ketone." 2008. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Huskey DT. A temperature and pressure dependent kinetics study of the gas-phase reactions of bromine (2P3/2) and chlorine (2PJ) atoms with methylvinyl ketone. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Georgia Tech; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24734.
Council of Science Editors:
Huskey DT. A temperature and pressure dependent kinetics study of the gas-phase reactions of bromine (2P3/2) and chlorine (2PJ) atoms with methylvinyl ketone. [Masters Thesis]. Georgia Tech; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24734
2. Laine, Patrick L. Laser flash photolysis studies of halogen atom reactions of atmospheric interest.
Degree: PhD, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 2011, Georgia Tech
► The Earth's atmosphere is a large photochemical reactor consisting primarily of N2 (~78%) and O2 (~21%) with Ar and water vapor being the next most… (more)
▼ The Earth's atmosphere is a large photochemical reactor consisting primarily of N2 (~78%) and O2 (~21%) with Ar and water vapor being the next most abundant constituents. All of the remaining gases in the atmosphere are referred to as 'trace gases', and they play a critical role in understanding climate change, urban air quality, ozone production and depletion, and in determining the overall 'health' of the atmosphere. These trace components are present in our atmosphere with mixing ratios, i.e., mole fractions, ranging from sub parts per trillion to several hundred parts per million. One class of trace constituents that play a critical role in atmospheric chemistry are free radicals. Free radicals are highly reactive, often initiating the oxidation of natural and anthropogenic atmospheric species, thereby often controlling the fate and lifetimes of these species. The research comprising this dissertation focuses on laboratory studies of the kinetics and mechanisms of free radical (atomic halogen) reactions that can impact the levels of important trace atmospheric species. In the studies reported herein, laser flash photolysis (LFP) was coupled with time resolved atomic resonance fluorescence (RF) spectroscopic detection of Cl or Br atoms to investigate halogen atom chemistry. The research addresses three groups of reactions: Cl atom reactions with alkyl bromides, Cl and Br-initiated oxidations of small (C2-C6) alkenes, and Cl reactions with CH3SCH3 (DMS, dimethylsulfide) and CH3SeCH3 (DMSe, dimethylselenide). The alkyl bromide reactions were experimentally unique in that we were able to deduce kinetics of the Cl atom reaction with bromoethane, n-bromopropane, and 1,2-dibromoethane by monitoring the appearance of the Br product by LFP-RF. The Br is formed via elimination that occurs essentially instantaneously following β-H abstraction by the Cl atom. All three of the bromoalkanes investigated are emitted into the atmosphere primarily from anthropogenic sources and all three have been identified by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) as very short-lived (lifetime less than 6 months) source gases with significant ozone depletion potentials (ODPs). Additionally, the bromoalkanes mentioned above have been of interest as model compounds for larger partially halogenated organics found in the atmosphere, and they have been considered as potential replacement compounds for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that have been banned as a result of the Montreal Protocol. Brominated very short-lived compounds are thought to contribute 20-25% of total stratospheric bromine. Thus, there is considerable interest in understanding the atmospheric chemistry of even the most short-lived organic bromine compounds. Temporal profiles of Br atoms provided important kinetic and mechanistic insight for the reactions over a wide range of temperature and pressure. Temperature-dependent rate coefficients are determined for the alkyl bromides of interest for the first time, and the potential importance of the Cl reaction as an… Advisors/Committee Members: Paul Wine (Committee Chair), Athanasios Nenes (Committee Member), Greg Huey (Committee Member), Rodney Weber (Committee Member), Thomas Orlando (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: Bromine atom reactions; Chlorine atom reactions; Halogen atoms; Gas phase reactions; Free radical reactions; Free radicals (Chemistry); Chemical reactions; Thermochemistry; Atmosphere; Atmosphere Laser observations
10 more images…
Laine, P. L. (2011). Laser flash photolysis studies of halogen atom reactions of atmospheric interest . (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42817
Laine, Patrick L. "Laser flash photolysis studies of halogen atom reactions of atmospheric interest." 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42817.
Laine, Patrick L. "Laser flash photolysis studies of halogen atom reactions of atmospheric interest." 2011. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Laine PL. Laser flash photolysis studies of halogen atom reactions of atmospheric interest. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42817.
Laine PL. Laser flash photolysis studies of halogen atom reactions of atmospheric interest. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42817
3. Case Hanks, Anne Theresa. Formaldehyde instrument development and boundary layer sulfuric acid: implications for photochemistry.
► This work presents the development of a laser-induced fluorescence technique to measure atmospheric formaldehyde. In conjunction with the technique, the design of a compact, narrow… (more)
▼ This work presents the development of a laser-induced fluorescence technique to measure atmospheric formaldehyde. In conjunction with the technique, the design of a compact, narrow linewidth, etalon-tuned titanium:sapphire laser cavity which is pumped by the second harmonic of a kilohertz Nd:YAG laser is also presented. The fundamental tunable range is from 690-1100 nm depending on mirror reflectivities and optics kit used. The conversion efficiency is at least 25% for the fundamental, and 2-3% for intracavity frequency doubling from 3.5-4W 532 nm pump power. The linewidth is < 0.1 cm-1, and the pulsewidth is 18 nsec. Also presented are observations of gas-phase sulfuric acid from the NEAQS-ITCT 2K4 (New England Air Quality Study Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation) field campaign in July and August 2004. Sulfuric acid values are reported for a polluted environment and possible nucleation events as well as particle growth within the boundary layer are explored. Sulfate production rates via gas phase oxidation of sulfur dioxide are also reported. This analysis allows an important test of our ability to predict sulfuric acid concentration and probe its use as a fast time response photochemical tracer for the hydroxyl radical, OH. In comparison, the NASA time-dependent photochemical box model is used to calculate OH concentration. Nighttime H2SO4 values are examined to test our understanding of nocturnal OH levels and oxidation processes. In comparison, sulfuric acid from a large ground based mission in Tecámac, México (near the northern boundary of Mexico City) during MIRAGE-Mex field campaign (March 2006) is presented. The observations in conjunction with the NASA LARc Photochemical box model are used to explore ozone production, nitrate and sulfate formation, and radical levels and radical production rates during the day. The one minute observations of sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide, and aerosol surface area were again used to calculate OH levels assuming steady state, and are in good agreement with observations of OH (R2 = 0.7). Photochemical activity is found to be a maximum during the morning hours, as seen in ozone and nitrate formation. Advisors/Committee Members: Greg Huey (Committee Chair), David Tan (Committee Member), Jennifer Olson (Committee Member), Paul Wine (Committee Member), Rodney Weber (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: Formaldehyde; Sulfuric acid; Photochemistry; Laser; CIMS; Photochemistry; Formaldehyde – Measurement; Fluorescence spectroscopy; Lasers; Sulfuric acid; Atmospheric chemistry; Oxidation
Case Hanks, A. T. (2008). Formaldehyde instrument development and boundary layer sulfuric acid: implications for photochemistry . (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22683
Case Hanks, Anne Theresa. "Formaldehyde instrument development and boundary layer sulfuric acid: implications for photochemistry." 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22683.
Case Hanks, Anne Theresa. "Formaldehyde instrument development and boundary layer sulfuric acid: implications for photochemistry." 2008. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Case Hanks AT. Formaldehyde instrument development and boundary layer sulfuric acid: implications for photochemistry. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22683.
Case Hanks AT. Formaldehyde instrument development and boundary layer sulfuric acid: implications for photochemistry. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22683
4. Liao, Wei. LIF instrument development, in situ measurement at South Pole and 1D air-snowpack modeling of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO).
► Atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) is a significant and sometimes dominant OH source at polar region. An improved method of detecting HONO is developed using photo-fragmentation… (more)
▼ Atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) is a significant and sometimes dominant OH source at polar region. An improved method of detecting HONO is developed using photo-fragmentation and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The detection limit of this method is 2-3 pptv for ten-minute integration time with 35% uncertainty. The abundance of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) HONO measurements during ANTCI (Antarctic troposphere chemistry investigation) 2003 exceeds the pure gas phase model predictions by a factor of 1.92±0.67, which implies snow emission of HONO. A 1D air-snowpack model of HONO was developed and constrained by observed chemistry and meteology data. The 1D model includes pure gas phase chemical mechanisms, molecular diffusion and mechanical dispersion, windpumping in snow, gas phase to quasi-liquid layer phase HONO transfer and quasi-liquid layer nitrate photolysis. Based on the air-snowpack model, snow emission of HONO is highly likely and will be transported to place of the measurements. The pH, thickness of quasi liquid layer and contineous nitrite measurement are key factors to calibrate and validate the air snowpack model. Advisors/Committee Members: David Tan (Committee Chair), Greg Huey (Committee Member), Marc Stieglitz (Committee Member), Paul Wine (Committee Member), Robert Black (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: ANTCI 2003; Snowpack modeling; South Pole; LIF; HONO; Nitrous acid; Atmospheric nitrous oxide; Nitrous acid; Polar regions; Atmospheric chemistry; Photochemistry
Liao, W. (2008). LIF instrument development, in situ measurement at South Pole and 1D air-snowpack modeling of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) . (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28107
Liao, Wei. "LIF instrument development, in situ measurement at South Pole and 1D air-snowpack modeling of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO)." 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28107.
Liao, Wei. "LIF instrument development, in situ measurement at South Pole and 1D air-snowpack modeling of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO)." 2008. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Liao W. LIF instrument development, in situ measurement at South Pole and 1D air-snowpack modeling of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28107.
Liao W. LIF instrument development, in situ measurement at South Pole and 1D air-snowpack modeling of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28107
5. Captain, Janine Elizabeth. Non-thermal Interactions on Low Temperature Ice and Aqueous Interfaces.
Degree: PhD, Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2005, Georgia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6995
► Electron-impact ionization of low-temperature water ice leads to H+, H2+, and H+(H2O)n=1-8 desorption. The threshold energy for ESD of H2+ from CI and H3O+ from… (more)
▼ Electron-impact ionization of low-temperature water ice leads to H+, H2+, and H+(H2O)n=1-8 desorption. The threshold energy for ESD of H2+ from CI and H3O+ from PASW and ASW is 22 ± 3 eV. There is also a H2+ yield increase at 40 ± 3 eV and a 70 ± 3 eV threshold for ESD of H+(H2O)n=2-8 from PASW and ASW. H2+ production and desorption involves direct molecular elimination and reactive scattering of an energetic proton. Both of these channels likely involve localized two-hole one-electron and/or two-hole final states containing 4a1, 3a1 and/or 2a1 character. The 70 eV cluster ion threshold implicates either an initial (2a1-2) state localized on a monomer or the presence of at least two neighboring water molecules each containing a single hole. The resulting correlated two-hole or two-hole, one-electron configurations are localized within a complex and result in an intermolecular Coulomb repulsion and cluster ion ejection. The changes in the yields with phase and temperature are associated with structural and physical changes in the adsorbed water and longer lifetimes of excited state configurations containing a1 character. The dependence of the ESD cation yields on the local potential has been utilized to examine the details of HCl interactions on low temperature ice surfaces. The addition of HCl increases cluster ion yields from pure ice while decreasing H+ and H2+ yields. These changes reflect the changes in the local electronic potential due to the changing bond lengths at the surface of the ice as HCl ionizes and the surrounding water molecules reorient to solvate the ions. This work has been extended to ionic solutions at higher temperatures using a liquid jet and ultraviolet photoionization to interrogate the surface of aqueous ionic interfaces. Desorption of protonated water clusters and solvated sodium ion clusters were measured over a range of concentrations from NaCl, NaBr, and NaI solutions. The flux dependence indicated a multiple photon process and the proposed mechanism involves a Coulomb explosion resulting from the repulsion of nearby ions. The surface is investigated with regard to its importance in heterogeneous atmospheric chemistry. Advisors/Committee Members: Thomas Orlando (Committee Chair), Boris Mizaikoff (Committee Member), Greg Huey (Committee Member), Jiri Janata (Committee Member), Paul Wine (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: Ice surface; Ionic interface; Electron stimulated desorption; Liquid jet
Captain, J. E. (2005). Non-thermal Interactions on Low Temperature Ice and Aqueous Interfaces . (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6995
Captain, Janine Elizabeth. "Non-thermal Interactions on Low Temperature Ice and Aqueous Interfaces." 2005. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6995.
Captain, Janine Elizabeth. "Non-thermal Interactions on Low Temperature Ice and Aqueous Interfaces." 2005. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Captain JE. Non-thermal Interactions on Low Temperature Ice and Aqueous Interfaces. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2005. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6995.
Captain JE. Non-thermal Interactions on Low Temperature Ice and Aqueous Interfaces. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2005. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6995
6. Sjostedt, Steven Jeffrey. Investigation of Photochemistry at High Latitudes: Comparison of model predictions to measurements of short lived species.
► Recent field campaigns have measured enhanced levels of NOx (NO+NO2) and HOx precursors (i.e., H2O2, CH2O, and HONO) that can not be accounted for by… (more)
▼ Recent field campaigns have measured enhanced levels of NOx (NO+NO2) and HOx precursors (i.e., H2O2, CH2O, and HONO) that can not be accounted for by gas phase chemistry alone. Snowpack emission is now considered a source of these species. Therefore, the photochemistry in the polar boundary layer is now believed to be much more complex than initially thought. Field campaigns to Summit, Greenland in the summer of 2003 and the spring of 2004 have obtained the first measurements of peroxy (HO2+RO2) and hydroxyl (OH) radicals in the Artic boundary layer. Measurements were collected with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS). A highly constrained (ie., O3, H2O, CH4, CO, j-values, NO, H2O2,CH2O, and HONO) 0-D steady-state model was employed in order to test our current understanding of photochemistry. HO2+RO2 measurements were in excellent agreement with model predictions for both spring and summer. OH measurements were in good agreement with spring model predictions but were a factor of two greater than summer model predictions. The role of snowpack emission is also addressed in a HOx budget performed on the spring campaign. Measurements of nitric acid (HNO3) and pernitric acid (HO2NO2) were obtained with the CIMS during the Antarctic Tropospheric Chemistry Investigation (ANTCI). The linkage between HOx and NOx chemistry is examined through partitioning of reactive nitrogen between HNO3 and HO2NO2. The possible impact of reactive nitrogen partitioning on nitrate ions (NO3-) at coring sites is also investigated. Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Greg Huey (Committee Chair), Dr. David Tan (Committee Member), Dr. Paul Wine (Committee Member), Dr. Robert Whetten (Committee Member), Dr. Rodney Weber (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: Nitric acid; Pernitric acid; OH; HOx; Nitric acid; Photochemistry; Atmospheric chemistry
Sjostedt, S. J. (2006). Investigation of Photochemistry at High Latitudes: Comparison of model predictions to measurements of short lived species . (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14109
Sjostedt, Steven Jeffrey. "Investigation of Photochemistry at High Latitudes: Comparison of model predictions to measurements of short lived species." 2006. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed January 27, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14109.
Sjostedt, Steven Jeffrey. "Investigation of Photochemistry at High Latitudes: Comparison of model predictions to measurements of short lived species." 2006. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Sjostedt SJ. Investigation of Photochemistry at High Latitudes: Comparison of model predictions to measurements of short lived species. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 27]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14109.
Sjostedt SJ. Investigation of Photochemistry at High Latitudes: Comparison of model predictions to measurements of short lived species. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14109


Codiac Regional RCMP is releasing a sketch of a suspect wanted in connection with an armed robbery at a restaurant on March 11, 2012.
Around 11:30 a.m., a man entered the restaurant and demanded the money in the cash register from the employees. He then fled the scene with an undisclosed amount of money. The employees, a man and a woman, were not injured during the incident.
The suspect is described as a caucasian man in his early 20's. He is approximately 5'8' to 5'9' tall and slim. He has brown eyes, short blond hair and he was clean shaven. He spoke English with no accent. He was wearing light colored pants and a red hoodie with the hood up.
Anyone with information on this robbery is asked to contact Codiac Regional RCMP at 857-2400 or Crime Stoppers at 1-800-222-TIPS (8477).


text:
Andrew Cuomo's empty promise on fast-food wage hike
August 1, 2015 | 11:39pm
Just as Gov. Cuomo's $15-an-hour wage-hike charade cleared a key hurdle last week, new evidence from Seattle blasted a major hole in his rationale for it. On Monday, the governor's...
Is a Democrat different from a Socialist? Democratic Party head can't say
Host Chris Matthews: "What's the difference between a Democrat and Socialist?" Democratic Party head Debbie Wasserman Schultz: "Ha . . . uh." CM: "I used to think there was a...
Profiles in posturing: Lawmakers' lame 'pro-gay' stand
A profile in courage, this isn't: A group of 125 blowhard congressmen just sent a letter to Secretary of State John Kerry demanding action against anti-gay nations. The lawmakers (one...
Gray day for Hondo
The night after Hondo endured a triple-flusher, the Mets rushed to his financial and emotional rescue Saturday, rallying to beat the Nationals and reduce the deficit to 2,010 campanerises. Sunday:...
Wright-Phillips brothers lift Red Bulls by Union
CHESTER, Pa. — Bradley Wright-Phillips scored the go-ahead goal off an assist from brother Shaun and the Red Bulls beat the Philadelphia Union, 3-1, on Saturday night for their third...
George Willis
Jennings, Giants offense trying to keep their feet on the ground
A few hours before practice on Saturday, Giants running back Rashad Jennings was on the field putting his acting skills to work in a commercial that will promote the NFL on...
Jacobs prevails, but Malignaggi falls on split night for Brooklyn
It was a split decision for Brooklyn Saturday night at Barclays Center. After Brooklyn native Daniel Jacobs successfully defended his WBA middleweight title with a second-round TKO over Sergio Mora,...
Cop busts duo carrying $40,000 after smelling marijuana in car
A particularly pungent 2008 Honda caught the nose of a Port Authority cop Thursday night as it exited the Jersey end of the Holland Tunnel, leading to the arrest of...
Mort Zuckerman not attending Hamptons charity game
Former NYC top cop Ray Kelly is expected to return as the impartial umpire at the annual Artists & Writers softball game in East Hampton on Aug. 15. But one...
Dick's Sporting Goods getting buzz for sports documentaries
Forget sports equipment and sneakers. Dick's Sporting Goods is focusing on the human drama of athletic competition through movies these days. Via its foundation, which focuses on youth sports, the...
New app tailors news content based on your location
A tech startup is aiming to deliver New Yorkers news stories about the block they're on — wherever they go in the city. The company, Blockfeed, is a venture of...
Icahn approached Ryan Kavanaugh for studio takeover
Activist investor Carl Icahn and his son Brett made a last-minute approach to Relativity CEO Ryan Kavanaugh before the company's Thursday bankruptcy filing, sources tell On the Money. Icahn —...
Why Jets' Jace Amaro believes 2015 will be breakout year
Jace Amaro has a secret. The second-year Jets tight end has big plans for the 2015 season. He's just not saying what those are. "I have a big goal this...
Phil Mushnick
Nebraska 'Big Red' latest to sell out jerseys in disturbing trend
Quick, which of those two football teams is Nebraska? The one in red, right? Try again, Merlin. The Nebraska Cornhuskers, known throughout Husker Nation as "Big Red" — scarlet has...
Yanks may be facing real starter crisis as East lead shrinks
CHICAGO — Seven … Six … Five … ? The best major league team in July is suddenly in a funk that has eaten into the Yankees' AL East lead,...
Lucas Duda's heroics help Mets close gap on Nationals
The Mets finally have figured how to fix their sluggish offense. No, it's not the arrival of Yoenis Cespedes, who made his Mets debut Saturday. Instead, it's letting Lucas Duda...
Hillary Clinton's tax plan would be 'devastating': critics
Almost doubling short-term capital-gains tax rates — recently proposed by presidential candidate Hillary Clinton — would hurt the economy because investment taxes are already excessive, critics say. "Her proposal would...
Owners to collect massive profit from buying Hostess
Little did you know that Hostess cakes are the luxury end of the cheap bakery-goods market. Hostess owners Apollo Global Management and Metropoulos & Co. this week are expected to...
Mark Cannizzaro
The gesture that won Percy Harvin a place in Rex Ryan's heart
August 1, 2015 | 9:57pm
PITTSFORD — When the text message appeared on Rex Ryan's cell phone, Percy Harvin seemed a long way removed from his days as a supposed divisive force in the Seahawks'...
Micrel CEO Ray Zinn ends 37-year run
Ray Zinn, the longest standing CEO of a public Silicon Valley company, stepped down from his 37-year post last week. The 77-year-old Zinn, who co-founded the semiconductor manufacturer Micrel in...
Drew Loftis
Fantasy football primer, part 1: draft strategies, top 25
In the first of a six-part fantasy football draft preview series, The Post looks at overall draft strategy. Next week: quarterbacks. The long march through oblivion is almost over for...
UBS whistleblower gets $104M jackpot
The poster boy for the enchanced protections for whistleblowers is American banker Bradley Birkenfeld. Birkenfeld assisted the feds in nailing a $780 million settlement with Swiss bank UBS in 2009....
Mike Vaccaro
When it comes to stupidity, three NYC sports idiots stand alone
We understand that we watch sports as a release. We don't watch sports to be intellectually challenged. Sports is a visceral thing. Sports makes us feel good (or awful). Sports...
Whistleblowers cash-in on Feds corruption campaign
Smoking out the financial fraudsters is much like the lottery — and more disgruntled Americans are taking their chances. And just as with Powerball, the payouts are growing. More whistleblowers...
Giants' Geoff Schwartz reveals full story on leg injury
Geoff Schwartz never before revealed what exactly happened to his left leg last season when he went down and out in Jacksonville. It cost him the final four games and...
Isiah Thomas -- yes, that Isiah Thomas -- is Liberty's Mr. Fix-it
Isiah Thomas is having a better first year as a Garden team president with the Liberty than Phil Jackson did with the Knicks. Thomas, whose May 6 hiring was met...
Why Hollywood can't get the 'Fantastic Four' right
They're nicknamed "the First Family of Marvel" — yet when it comes to superhero movies, the Fantastic Four are pulling up the rear. Going back decades, most every adaptation of...
American Pharoah's run in the Haskell is all about the people
Bob Kulina received an important text message last November. It was from Bob Baffert, the trainer of a record seven Haskell Invitational winners. Kulina, the president of Darby Development LLC,...
Steve Serby
Alex Rodriguez on his miracle comeback, the World Series and being clean
Alex Rodriguez is enjoying a renaissance this season in his return from a PED suspension, helping lead the Yankees to the top of the AL East. He took a swing...
Experts warn women not to follow Angelina when it comes to genes
In 2011, Elle Newnan was 37 and pregnant with her second child, a girl. She underwent a routine genetics test, common for women old enough to be considered high-risk. It...
Montreal nips NYCFC, ruins Frank Lampard's MLS debut
Ignacio Piatti scored a pair of goals and the Montreal Impact spoiled Frank Lampard's MLS debut with a 3-2 victory over New York City FC on Saturday at Yankee Stadium....
Columnist's engagement ring stolen from Daily News office
Looks like the bad old days are back — inside the Daily News newsroom. Columnist Linda Stasi revealed on Facebook Saturday that her diamond ring was snatched at work. "To...
Eli Manning's savvy new weapon in loaded WR corps
He called it a "great room.'' And now, James Jones gets to see where he fits within the room and, more importantly, on the field alongside Victor Cruz, Odell Beckham...
Joel Sherman
Mets' trade-deadline lesson: Remember the fans' elation
Sandy Alderson and the Mets ownership should remember what last week felt like, remember what it sounded like at Citi Field at the conclusion of a trade deadline that for...
Jonathon Trugman
Twitter's 'kids' may need some supervision
Twitter is all about characters, but these two characters did more damage to the stock than any scathing hashtag could. Instead of Twitter's Interim CEO and co-founder Jack Dorsey and...
In My Library: Rita Mae Brown
Forty years before "Orange Is the New Black," Rita Mae Brown gave us a funny, sexy coming-of-age book about a lesbian. "Rubyfruit Jungle," re-released this year, follows a spunky Southern...
John Crudele
Dear John: It's the 2 percent that bothers me
Dear John: Why do you just assume that the US economy must grow at more than 2.5 percent per year? Why must it grow at all? R.B. Dear R.B.: Oh,...
Biden camp mulling presidential run
WASHINGTON – The head of the Democratic National Committee said Joe Biden is up to speed on the party's plans and would be welcome addition to the presidential race. "There...
Office managing estates of deceased sits on unclaimed $7.5M
Rest in peace? Easier said than done. The Brooklyn office that handles estates of the deceased is sitting on $7.5 million in unclaimed funds from cases that date back dozens...
Fourth Legionnaires' disease victim dies in the Bronx
A fourth person with Legionnaires' disease has died in the Bronx as investigators search for the source of an outbreak that has sickened dozens. All of the victims were older...
JPP seen in bandages, sling for first time since hand injury
When Damontre Moore was handed a cell phone displaying photos of Giants teammate Jason Pierre-Paul back in South Florida – JPP's damaged right hand wrapped up like a club —...
Brother of Zimbabwe's lion Cecil is actually alive: researcher
The brother of Cecil, the lion killed in Zimbabwe by an American hunter last month, is not dead, a researcher monitoring the pride told Reuters, contradicting media reports that Jericho...
Iran publishes book on how to outwit US and destroy Israel
While Secretary of State John Kerry and President Obama do their best to paper over the brutality of the Iranian regime and force through a nuclear agreement, Iran's religious leader...
Why I love being a third wheel
https://instagram.com/p/5uehlwiMSG/?taken-by=imnotathirdwheel Prince Harry has Kate and William, Ed Sheeran has Taylor Swift and Calvin Harris — from the famous to the average Jill, we've all been the single buddy tagging...
Hardeep Phull
Miguel's new album is the horniest of the summer
It doesn't matter how old, how successful or how famous you get, there are some things that just don't fly in front of Mom. Miguel understands that all too well....
New Yorkers are paying to eat trash
Why eat your own leftovers for lunch, when you can go out and buy a salad made from vegetable scraps, bread butts, anchovy remnants and wilted herbs? That's the thinking...
1 dead, 7 injured after string of shootings in Brooklyn
One person was killed and seven others injured in a string of shootings across Brooklyn from Friday evening into early Saturday, authorities said. The rash of gunplay turned deadly around...
NYC's famous Music Row is about to be a ghost town
August 1, 2015 | 11:56am
At age 11, Rudy Pensa sat at home in Argentina, flipping through music magazines and wishing he could shop at New York's famous Music Row. A guitar player, he saw...
Orthodox Jewish tenants sue building over electronic key fobs
The road to hell is paved with electronic key fobs. At least that's according to observant Jews in Lefrak City, who claim a recent renovation project replaced traditional, metal keys...
Firm denied marijuana license despite hiring former NYPD brass
August 1, 2015 | 9:12am
Hiring former NYPD Chief of Department Philip Banks didn't help Compassionate Care Center of New York land one of the five medical-marijuana licenses announced Friday. Banks, who left the NYPD...
Fox's debate rules could put Trump at center stage
Donald Trump could take center stage at the first Republican presidential debate Thursday on Fox News if he maintains his lead in the polls. Under debate rules, the candidate leading...
Third person dies of Legionnaries' disease amid outbreak
The city death toll from Legionnaires' disease rose to three Friday as investigators continued their hunt for the source of an outbreak in the South Bronx. The number of people...
Crime wave grips Central Park
A violent beggar choked a West Side man into unconsciousness in Central Park's Ramble in a hellish mugging that underscores the famed park's skyrocketing robbery stats. "If you scream I'll...
City agrees to spend $30M to move garbage ramp
The city on Friday agreed to move a ramp to the garbage transfer station near Gracie Mansion from East 91st to 92nd Street at a cost of $30 million —...
Congresswoman wants to end ban on USPS shipping booze
A California congresswoman is out to overturn a 106-year-old law that prohibits the US Postal Service from shipping booze. "It's ridiculous that we're allowing UPS, FedEx and other companies to...
Drone nears Delta plane as it lands at JFK
A Delta jet flying into JFK Friday came within 100 feet of a drone as the pilot neared the runway at about 5 p.m., authorities said. "About a mile back,...
Cop, Good Samaritan rescued after battling East River chop
An NYPD lieutenant who jumped into the East River to help a man struggling to stay afloat had to be rescued himself after being swept away by the strong current...
How 'Born to Run' turned Bruce Springsteen into the Boss
At the start of 1974, Bruce Springsteen's piece of the American dream was running away from him. The 24-year-old rock 'n' roll wannabe from Freehold, NJ, had been signed to...
'Abused' teen charged with murder after stabbing dad
The Brooklyn teen who allegedly stabbed his dad to death for abusing him and his siblings for years has been indicted on murder charges, prosecutors said Friday. Hassan Razzaq, 19,...
Cecil's brother has stepped into role as cubs' protector
The cubs of slain Zimbabwe lion Cecil are being protected by their uncle from the big cats lining up to take control of the pride. Researchers at Oxford University's Wildlife...
Judge sides with ex-strippers, lawsuit becomes class-action
A half-dozen ex-strippers just got a touch of class. A Manhattan judge on Thursday granted class-action status for their lawsuit against Midtown jiggle joint Cheetah's, opening the door for fellow...
Off-duty cop shot in car may have been involved in 'drug deal'
The off-duty cop who was shot Tuesday night in Brooklyn had $1,100 on him at the time and may have been involved in a drug deal, law-enforcement sources said. Officer...
State hires 'cigarette cop' to go after smokers near Capitol
ALBANY — New York City's tough smoking laws have nothing on Albany, where bureaucrats have hired a "cigarette cop" to patrol a newly expanded perimeter around the Capitol building where...
Why this fried shrimp costs $200
From Masa to Sushi Nakazawa, Japanese-food fiends in the city are used to dropping big money on sushi. But fried veggies and shrimp? Not so much…until now. Last month, Japanese...
This week's couple: Writers block
Common interests don't always make for good chemistry. Take Taylor and Dominick, for instance. The two of them are both 27-year-old writers with funky styles — she has pink-dyed hair,...
Brooklyn photographer wants a woman who shares his vision
Omar, 35, loves to travel, and he's looking for a picture-perfect girl to join him on his next adventure. World view: Omar has visited 20 countries on three continents, including...
Cuomo's $15 wage is another blow to the upstate economy
In case you hadn't heard, New York is raising its minimum wage to $15 an hour — but only for fast-food workers at places with more than 30 locations. At...
Hillary worried about a Post photo of her on vacation: emails
WASHINGTON — An image-conscious Hillary Rodham Clinton fretted about a photograph in The Post that showed her strolling with husband Bill while vacationing in Bermuda in 2009 — until longtime...
'The Game' is over for BET series
Maybe Malik (Hosea Chanchez) is a relationship guy after all. A week after the playboy quarterback told Keira (Lauren London) it was best if they go their separate ways, this...
You'll never guess who styles Jacob deGrom's hair
Mets ace pitcher Jacob deGrom is racking up wins for the Amazin's. He notched three strikeouts on 10 pitches in the All-Star Game and has a microscopic 2.05 ERA that's...
Where to look at art and get drunk
Sure, art is great. But a trip to the museum has traditionally been a little stodgy — all that quiet looking and pondering. Now, in an effort to shed that...
Why Matt Harvey believes he's getting back in the groove
For most of Friday night, it looked as if Matt Harvey would be the hero against the Nationals. He retired the first 16 batters he faced, striking out seven of...
Five questions — and answers — in aftermath of Richardson arrest
1. Will the NFL come down on Sheldon Richardson? This arrest appears to be a clear violation of the NFL's personal conduct policy, which specifically references resisting arrest and failing...
CC Sabathia provides prognosis after trip to hospital
CHICAGO — CC Sabathia walked into the Yankees' clubhouse at U.S. Cellular Field at 5:30 p.m. Friday and was asked by manager Joe Girardi how he felt. "Tired,'' was Sabathia's...
Numbers don't lie: Mets finally show willingness to spend
There have been words, so many words, spoken by the Mets about their finances since Bernie Madoff's arrest in December 2008. But their actions spoke much louder, and they reflected...
Will Citi Field stop Yoenis Cespedes? Mets coach responds
Yoenis Cespedes' arrival will no doubt have a significant impact on Kevin Long and he couldn't contain his enthusiasm in the Mets dugout when told of the trade that brought...
American Apparel reaches rent deal with LA landlord
American Apparel is trimming its real estate costs. The struggling retailer reached a deal with its Los Angeles landlord, Alameda Square Owner, to slash its rent by 50 percent, according...
BofA CEO asks shareholders to keep him as chairman
After Bank of America lost three of its top officers last week, Brian Moynihan is hoping he can keep his two jobs. The CEO of the second-largest US bank asked...
Employee stock ownership plans back in spotlight as big player exits
Politicians promising to close the gap between the haves and the have-nots might want to think about Alion before championing employee stock ownership plans, or ESOPs. The plans, which have...
Deadline moves give rehabbing Wright extra motivation
David Wright's primary concern is getting back on the field. In the meantime, though, he has been impressed with what the Mets and general manager Sandy Alderson did before Friday's...
Zack Wheeler's last-minute plea to Alderson: Don't trade me
In the middle of all his trade discussions Friday afternoon, Mets general manager Sandy Alderson received a surprising phone call. Only hours before the 4 p.m. non-waiver trade deadline, Zack...
Clippard gave his new team a boost while stifling his old team
Tyler Clippard said he came to the Mets to make the postseason, and after the 2-1 win on Friday night over his old team at Citi Field, they are in...
Ken Davidoff
After unreal week, can Mets continue good vibes to October?
Storybook. Maybe from "Fractured Fairy Tales," but still: Storybook. And if you can figure out where this thrillingly twisted Mets season is headed next? You belong to a select minority....
Text reveals Subway's Jared paid 16-year-old for sex: report
Former Subway sandwich spokesman Jared Fogle appears to admit in a text messsage to paying a 16-year-old girl $100 for sex, it was reported Friday. The Business Insider website says...
Lawsuit disputes cracker company's 'all natural' claim
A fancy cracker company that bills its products as "all natural" is anything but, according to a bunch of angry shoppers who are suing, saying the snacks contain "synthetic materials,"...
Hondo: Let's go Metamucils
Hondo swung and missed three times Friday night, striking out with the Nats, Royals and Angels to increase the runaway deficit to a whopping 2,060 clendenons. Saturday night: Mr. Aitch,...
George A. King III
The Yanks' perfect storm of trouble could threaten division
CHICAGO — When the Yankees woke up Thursday their July looked very good, then quickly melted in the sizzling Texas heat. They had a six-game lead over the Orioles in...
'I love the kid': Jets come all-out in support of Sheldon Richardson
Sheldon Richardson won't be with the Jets for at least four games this season — and likely more — but the defensive lineman still hasn't lost the support of his...
The hard part is over: Time for Mets to prey on the weak
A month ago we used this space to set a modest goal for the Mets in July: A winning record. The fact manager Terry Collins' crew entered Friday night 12-12...
Jets' first major injury a blow to speed-demon rookie WR
The Jets endured their first major injury of training camp Friday when rookie wide receiver Devin Smith suffered broken ribs. Smith will miss the majority of camp, a big blow...
Yankees to call up, let loose pitching phenom Severino
CHICAGO — They held onto Luis Severino, Aaron Judge, Greg Bird and Jorge Mateo believing they will turn into big league players. Now, the Yankees have to find a way...
Max Scherzer: New-Met Cespedes can hit (and kills me)
Max Scherzer believes that with Yoenis Cespedes, the Mets will be in the NL East race until the end of the season. But the Washington right-hander added a caveat: He...
Surging Teixeira leads Yanks' hit barrage in White Sox beatdown
CHICAGO — According to Mark Teixeira being a switch-hitter can be a blessing and a curse. "Sometimes it's frustrating to be a switch-hitter, it's not easy,'' Teixeira said after hitting...
Daily Blotter
The Bronx Police have identified the prime suspect wanted in the shooting of a foe in Morrisania. Aris Santos, 22, allegedly opened fire on the 24-year-old victim on East 169th Street...


text:
Q: Too many arguments to return in Go program I have made this simple software to connect to AWS and generate a presigned put url:
package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "time"

    "github.com/minio/minio-go"
    "github.com/kelseyhightower/envconfig"
)

// AWS contains the configuration to connect and create a presigned url on AWS.
type AWS struct {
  Endpoint        string
  AccessKeyId     string
  SecretAccessKey string
  SSL             bool
  BucketHost      string
  BucketKey       string
}

func main() {
    url, err = generatePresignedPutUrl()
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(url)
}

func generatePresignedPutUrl() {
    var aws AWS
    if err := envconfig.Process("aws", &aws); err != nil {
        return err
    }

    svc, err := minio.New(aws.Endpoint, aws.AccessKeyId, aws.SecretAccessKey, aws.SSL)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }

    url, err := svc.PresignedPutObject(aws.BucketHost, aws.BucketKey, time.Second * 24 * 60 * 60)
    if err != nil {
        return url, err
    }
}

But when I try to run go run main.go, the following errors show in my terminal:
# command-line-arguments
./main.go:23:5: undefined: url
./main.go:23:10: undefined: err
./main.go:23:39: generatePresignedPutUrl() used as value
./main.go:24:8: undefined: err
./main.go:25:19: undefined: err
./main.go:27:17: undefined: url
./main.go:33:9: too many arguments to return
    have (error)
    want ()
./main.go:38:9: too many arguments to return
    have (error)
    want ()
./main.go:43:9: too many arguments to return
    have (*url.URL, error)
    want ()

What exactly am I doing wrong here? I started to learn go a few days ago. I'm sorry if this is to much obvious.

Update:
I was able to figure it out that I should declare what I'm returning from generatePresignedPutUrl, but still:
package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "time"

    "github.com/minio/minio-go"
    "github.com/kelseyhightower/envconfig"
)

// AWS contains the configuration to connect and create a pre-signed url on AWS.
type AWS struct {
  Endpoint        string
  AccessKeyId     string
  SecretAccessKey string
  SSL             bool
  BucketHost      string
  BucketKey       string
}

func main() {
    url, err := generatePresignedPutUrl()
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    fmt.Println(url)
}

// generatePresignedPutUrl connects to S3 and generates a pre-signed put url
// using configurations from environemnt variables.
func generatePresignedPutUrl() (url string, err error) {
    var aws AWS
    if err := envconfig.Process("aws", &aws); err != nil {
        return err
    }

    svc, err := minio.New(aws.Endpoint, aws.AccessKeyId, aws.SecretAccessKey, aws.SSL)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }

    url, err := svc.PresignedPutObject(aws.BucketHost, aws.BucketKey, time.Second * 24 * 60 * 60)
    if err != nil {
        return url, err
    }

    return url
}

Errors:
# command-line-arguments
./main.go:36:9: not enough arguments to return
    have (error)
    want (string, error)
./main.go:41:9: not enough arguments to return
    have (error)
    want (string, error)
./main.go:44:14: no new variables on left side of :=
./main.go:44:14: cannot assign *url.URL to url (type string) in multiple assignment
./main.go:49:5: not enough arguments to return
    have (string)
    want (string, error)

A: First things first, you should really do the tour of go as JimB said. It takes less than an hour and you would know the answer to this questions.
Notice that you are declaring url and err on the return declaration of generatePresignedPutUrl() and it doesn't look like that was what you wanted to do. You should change the function declaration from:
func generatePresignedPutUrl() (url string, err error) {

To:
func generatePresignedPutUrl() (string, error) { // Without the variable names

Now lets address your errors in order:
Error 1: not enough arguments to return
Error is Go are not really cryptic. not enough arguments to return means literally what it says. You are trying to return less arguments than the ones you should.
In Go you can return more than one value from a function but no matter how much values you return, you always need to return all the values. Your function func generatePresignedPutUrl() (url string, err error) expects a string and an error but in return err you are just returning err which is of type error so you are missing a string, in this case because there was an error in the function return an empty string. To fix it just do: return "", err instead.
Error 2: no new variables on left side of :=
Again not really cryptic. It means none of the variables on the left of := are new. The := declares a new variable and then assigns the value to that variable, so if the variable isn't new you get an error when trying to declare it. In this case you declared url on the function declaration and err on the second line of the function. To fix it replace:
url, err := svc.PresignedPutObject(aws.BucketHost, aws.BucketKey, time.Second * 24 * 60 * 60)

For:
url, err = svc.PresignedPutObject(aws.BucketHost, aws.BucketKey, time.Second * 24 * 60 * 60)

Error 3: cannot assign *url.URL to url (type string) in multiple assignment
You are trying to assign a type *url.URL to the variable url which is a string. In Go you can only assign something to a variable if they are from the same type. Here are the docs for the url.URL type. To fix it do:
rawUrl, err := svc.PresignedPutObject(aws.BucketHost, aws.BucketKey, time.Second * 24 * 60 * 60)
if err != nil {
    return "", err
}

return rawUrl.String() // rawUrl is of type *url.URL, so get it's string representation

A: From the godoc of github.com/minio-go, Client.PresignedPutObject. returns a *url.URL and an error
(i.e. url, err := svc.PresignedPutObject(aws.BucketHost, aws.BucketKey, time.Second * 24 * 60 * 60) )
From your code, you probably want the url string right?
If that's what you want, you can refer to this example from the godoc of *url.URL:
Also, you can't just return an error from your function, you have to return a string and an error.
Modifying your code to return a url string, you can probably do something like this:
func generatePresignedPutUrl() (url string, err error) {
    var aws AWS
    if err := envconfig.Process("aws", &aws); err != nil {
        return "", err
    }

    svc, err := minio.New(aws.Endpoint, aws.AccessKeyId, aws.SecretAccessKey, aws.SSL)
    if err != nil {
        return "", err
    }

    u, err := svc.PresignedPutObject(aws.BucketHost, aws.BucketKey, time.Second * 24 * 60 * 60)
    if err != nil {
        return "", err
    }
    url = u.String()
    return url, err
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


In my literature review I explore new movements in entrepreneurship research which has led me to investigate social constructionism. The work of Chell and Karatas-Ozkan in particular but also researchers exploring gender and entrepreneurship have made use of social constructionism. To help me understand the theory I have drawn on the work of Vivien Burr.
For Burr, social constructionism theories invite us to look critically at the world around us and challenge conventional knowledge based on an objective and unbiased view of the world. Burr argues that from a social constructivist perspective, knowledge is constructed between people and within a historical and cultural context.
While many traditional psychology and sociology have explored personality traits, economic structures, models of memory and so on, the explanations offered by social constructionists are more often in terms of the dynamics of social interaction. The emphasis is thus more on processes than structures.
Burr explains that the social construction of personality is not a personality which exists from within but between relationships with other people or one's environment. This moves us away from the idea of personality traits, so dominant in theories of the entrepreneur.
Furthermore, by investigating the environmentalist position, Burr refers to the 'nature / nurture' debate which rejects the idea of pre-determined characteristics. According to Burr, environmentalists favour 'a multiplicity of potential selves which are not necessarily consistent with each other' (p.29). However, Burr also cautions against the idea of having no personality due the multiplicity of different selves. And here she introduces the notion of 'identity' as offering an alternative to an understanding of personality based on 'nature'. Burr explains that the term identity is often found in social constructinist research because it deals with ascribed attributes such as working class / middle class found in social contexts.
According to Chell and Karatas-Ozkan, sociology establishes the notion that human beings are social and they influence the social world in which they are active.
Social constructionism shares my interest in wanting to illuminate the lived experience of cultural entrepreneurs from different perspectives: their wider environment, themselves and the specifics of the industry they work in. In my research, I am collecting the narratives which describe and create the cultural entrepreneur's identity.
Paul du Gay writes critically of social construtionism and this will be discussed in my next blog post.


Julianna Lewis graduated from Tulane University in May 2018 with a Bachelor of Science in public health and a minor in Spanish. She is now doing a year of service with VIDES+USA, where she will spend September through December in Bogotá, Colombia, tending to and accompanying elderly Salesian sisters in a care home and January through April in Geneva, Switzerland, assisting at the Istituto Internazionale Maria Ausiliatrice Human Rights Office, which has special consultative status with the United Nations. After her gap year, she hopes to continue her studies and passion for health by attending medical school.


USA Payday Loans Oakwood PA - Get Cash Quick No Fax Needed!
Are you from Oakwood Pennsylvania? We would like to help you!
You can get a cash advance loan from $100 to $1000 in few minutes if you are resident of Oakwood Pennsylvania. Best of all, you can apply for it at home or office.
Please fill out the form Apply Now on our site, enter Oakwood and PA as your city/state. In few minutes we will check our wide network of respectable lenders for the loan you need.


text:
Home Entertainment & Arts What is JK Rowling Net Worth?
What is JK Rowling Net Worth?
Joanne Rowling was born on July 31, 1965, in Yate, Gloucestershire. She is famous for writing the world-renowned Harry Potter series that have sold over 400 million copies all over the globe, earning her the title of the best-selling author in history. The books became the basis for eight movies, which now hold the title of the highest grossing movie series ever made. All these made JK Rowling net worth reach the staggering amount of $1 billion. The richest author in the world, Rowling owes her fortune to the brand that enjoyed and still enjoys an incredible popularity among children and adults.
J.K. Rowling's writing beginnings
Also known for her pen names Robert Galbraith and J.K. Rowling, Joanne "Jo" Rowling's father was an aircraft engineer and her mother, a science technician. The couple had two daughters: Joanne and her younger sister, Diane. Jo went to St Michael's Primary School, where it is thought she got inspiration for Albus Dumbledore from her own headmaster. She used to write fantasy stories from a young age. The author of Harry Potter stated Hermione Granger's character is based on herself aged eleven. The Rowling family struggled with the mother's illness, multiple sclerosis for many years. Joanne and her father had a strained relationship and to this day they are not on speaking terms.
In 1982, J. K. Rowling was rejected by Oxford University. She enrolled in the University of Exeter for a BA in French. She studied in Paris and graduated in 1986. She then came back to London in the same year and started working for Amnesty International as a bilingual secretary.
She first had the idea for the Harry Potter series when she was stuck on a delayed train from Manchester to London. Her mother died shortly after she began writing the first book, which heavily influenced her writing and her depiction of loss.
J.K Rowling moved to Portugal, where she taught English for a year and a half before meeting her first husband, a Portuguese journalist. They had a daughter, Jessica Isabel, but the couple wasn't happy together. Following their separation, J.K. Rowling took her daughter and moved to Edinburgh, Scotland.
With a failed marriage, without a job and a toddler who depended on her, Rowling was diagnosed with major depressive disorder. This inspired her to create the Dementors, the creatures that deplete you of happiness whenever they float above you.
The first book in the Harry Potter series was finished while she survived on state benefits. "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" was mainly written in cafes in Edinburgh, mostly in Nicolson's Café and the Elephant House. J.K Rowling used to take her daughter Jessica for a stroll and wait for her to fall asleep in order to start writing. The manuscript was finished in 1995 only to be rejected by twelve publishing houses before finally being accepted by Bloomsbury.
J.K. Rowling and Harry Potter
The initial print of "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" comprised one thousand copies, with five hundred of them delivered to libraries. The book started attracting interest and received several small awards. Scholastic won the American auction for publishing the "Philosopher's Stone" in the USA, bidding $105,000. J.K. Rowling was flabbergasted. The publishing house took the decision to chance the title of the book, transforming it into "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone". The money from the US publishing house enabled Rowling and her daughter to move from her tiny flat into a house in Edinburgh.
The following books were met with increasingly more success and gathered more readers and sympathy from the public. By this time, JK Rowling was earning as much as a TV show star like Julia Dreyfus, who played Elaine Benes in "Seinfeld". The "Chamber of Secrets" the "Prisoner of Azkaban" and the "Goblet of Fire" had fans standing in a row to get their own copy. The latter broke sales records both in the US and the UK. "Prisoner of Azkaban" managed to sell three million copies in the first two days after being released. The 2000 British Book Awards named J.K. Rowling the Author of the Year.
The fifth book was published three years after the "Goblet of Fire", giving rise to speculation that Rowling had writer's block. The author denied the mean commentaries of the press and exceeded all expectations with the release. "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince" was the sixth book. It managed to break the records with nine million copies sold in the first 24 hours. JK Rowling net worth skyrocketed. "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince" later received the Book of the Year title from the British Book Awards.
The final book entitled "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows" is the fastest-selling book in history, with 11 million copies sold in 24 hours in the US and the UK.
J.K. Rowling Post-Harry Potter
Harry Potter has become a brand estimated at $15 billion, comprising books that have smashed all best-selling records and were translated into 65 languages, movies that broke all records in the film series category, an amusement park in Florida and merchandise. It's safe to say J.K. Rowling's fortune is covered by the brand that continues to bring her a steady income.
In 2004, Rowling was named the first US billionaire to achieve their fortune by writing books. Forbes also stated J.K. Rowling is the 1,062nd wealthiest person worldwide. The famous writer disagreed with the calculations. Rowling was named the 144th wealthiest person in Britain in 2008 by the Sunday Times Rich List.
In 2011, J.K. Rowling's new agency announced that the author was writing an adult book, "The Casual Vacancy". A press release from Rowling herself stated that the book would be very different from Harry Potter. The release of Casual Vacancy took place in September 2012 and sold more than a million copies over the world. By the end of 2012, BBC announced "The Casual Vacancy" was to be made into a TV drama series. The adaptation was supervised by J.K Rowling and aired in February 2015, comprising three parts.
With fans around the world waiting either for a new children's book or for a novel targeting adults, public attention never seems to let J.K Rowling out of sight. In 2012, Forbes withdrew Rowling's name from their richest people list. They stated that her charity donations amounting to $160 million as well as the UK tax rate has affected JK Rowling net worth and didn't qualify her as a billionaire anymore.
Image sources: 1, 2
Gabrielle Moreno
Hi, my name is Gabrielle, but all my friends call me Gaby. Having a degree in foreign languages, I first intended to develop a career in translations, but then I realized human interaction is more satisfying and got engaged in educational projects. Writing is my second best skill after teaching. I started writing about jobs and education based on my experience of not knowing what career path to choose. Sharing my knowledge and experience is the most rewarding aspect of my work, especially when I see it really touches people. Therefore, I look forward to reading your comments, thoughts and opinions. Feel free to contact me.
Latest posts by Gabrielle Moreno (see all)
Why Are Firetrucks Red? Here Are Four Popular Theories - Jan 20, 2021
Ice Cube Net Worth: How Much Does the Rapper Make? - Jan 20, 2021
What is Shaq's Net Worth? Get Ready to Be Blown Away - Jan 20, 2021
Books: What's the Difference between Paperback and Mass Market Paperback? How Much Is DMX Worth? What is Victoria Beckham Net Worth? How Much Is J.K. Rowling Worth? What is Tony Robbins Net Worth? How much is Jay Z Worth? Jay Z Net Worth Information Ice Cube Net Worth: How Much Does the Rapper Make?
What is Julia Louis-Dreyfus Net Worth?
What Is the Average Court Reporter Salary?
Julia Louis-Dreyfus, the actress who grew to fame on "Seinfeld," playing the role of Elaine Benes, has a net worth...


text:
Freeman kan syfta på följande:

 4159 Freeman, asteroid i huvudbältet
 Freeman (auktor), beteckningar vid biologisk namngivning

Personer med efternamnet Freeman
 Alfonso Freeman (född 1959), amerikansk skådespelare

 Bernard Freeman (född 1973), amerikansk rappare, känd som Bun B
 Bobby Freeman (1940–2017), amerikansk soulsångare
 Bobby Freeman (politiker) (1934–2016), amerikansk politiker, demokrat, guvernör i Louisiana

 Cassidy Freeman (född 1982), amerikansk skådespelare
 Cathy Freeman (född 1973), australisk löpare
 Crispin Freeman (född 1972), amerikansk röstskådespelare

 David Freeman-Mitford, 2:e baron Redesdale (1878–1958), brittisk aristokrat

 Edward A. Freeman (1823–1892), engelsk historiker
 Emily Freeman (född 1980), brittisk löpare

 Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1:e markis av Willingdon (1866–1941), brittisk ämbetsman, generalguvernör i Kanada och vicekung i Indien

 Howard Freeman (1899–1967), amerikansk skådespelare

 Jo Freeman (född 1945), amerikansk feminist, forskare, författare och advokat
 John Freeman (1880–1929), brittisk poet
 John Freeman-Mitford, flera obeskrivna personer
 Jonathan Freeman (född 1950), amerikansk skådespelare
 Josh Freeman (född 1988), amerikansk utövare av amerikansk fotboll

 Kathleen Freeman (1919–2001), amerikansk skådespelare och filmproducent
 Kevin Freeman (född 1941), amerikansk ryttare
 Kieron Freeman (född 1992), walesisk fotbollsspelare

 Martin Freeman (född 1971), brittisk skådespelare
 Matt Freeman (född 1966), amerikansk musiker
 Mavis Freeman (1918–1988), amerikansk simmare
 Michelle Freeman (född 1969), jamaicansk häcklöpare
 Mona Freeman (1926–2014), amerikansk skådespelare
 Morgan Freeman (född 1937), amerikansk skådespelare
 Muriel Freeman  (1897–1980), brittisk fäktare

 Noel Freeman (född 1938), australisk kappgångare

 Orville Freeman (1918–2003), amerikansk politiker, demokrat från Minnesota, jordbruksminister

 Paul Freeman (född 1943), brittisk skådespelare

 R. Austin Freeman (1862–1943), brittisk deckarförfattare
 Richard Freeman , yogalärare och författare
 Richard Knill Freeman (1840–1904), brittisk arkitekt
 Robert Freeman (1936–2019), brittisk fotograf och designer
 Ron Freeman (född 1947), amerikansk löpare
 Russ Freeman, flera obeskrivna personer

 Theodore C. Freeman (1930–1964), amerikansk astronaut

Fiktiva personer
 Crying Freeman, yrkesmördare i japansk mangaserie med samma namn
 Crying Freeman (film)
 Gordon Freeman, huvudperson i dataspelserien Half-Life.

Personer med förnamnet Freeman

 Freeman Dyson (född 1923), brittiskamerikansk fysiker och matematiker
 Freeman Ferrier Treleaven
 Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1:e markis av Willingdon
 Freeman Walker
 Freeman Wills Crofts

 Robert Freeman Smith

Geografi

Antarktis

 Freeman (udde i Antarktis, lat -67,99, long -65,31),
 Freeman (udde i Antarktis, lat -67,33, long 164,58),
 Freeman (berg),

USA

 Freeman, Missouri, ort i  Cass County, Missouri
 Freeman, South Dakota, ort i Hutchinson County, South Dakota,

Se även
 Freeman 150B
 Freeman Barren
 Freeman Bay
 Freeman Channel
 Freeman Creek
 Freeman Glacier
 Freeman Island
 Freeman Johnson Lake
 Freeman Lake
 Freeman Meadow Brook
 Freeman Meadows
 Freeman Peak
 Freeman Point
 Freeman River
 Freeman Runs

 Cape Freeman
 Inner Freeman Channel
 Lac Freeman
 Laguna Freeman
 Outer Freeman Channnel

Robotskapade Antarktisförgreningar
Robotskapade USAförgreningar


The perfect backyard pretend play house?
This is a charming outdoor cottage playhouse with a fairy story theme. A thatched roof, stone walls, working shutters and an arched doorway will remind your kids of the characters in their storybooks.
This playhouse is just like the house where Litte Red Riding Hood, the Three Bears and Hansel and Gretel lived in the stories they have heard.
The story book cottage play house comes with some great extras. The small kitchen, a cuckoo clock (with moving hands) and the secret crawl through fireplace are all your kid will need to pretend to be a fairy tale character in their Step 2 playhouse.
There's also a phone for today's storybook heroes and heroines!
We particularly liked the large arched door with a knocker. This has a magic electronic "ding" so your kids will know when "the Wolf" or "the Witch" come calling at their storybook cottage house.
This outdoor plastic play house comes in neutral tones. It doesn't fade, is very durable and is so easy to put together.