text:
5.4: Solve Applications with Systems of Equations
https://math.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fmath.libretexts.org%2FCourses%2FLong_Beach_City_College%2FBook%253A_Intermediate_Algebra%2FText%2F05%253A_Systems_of_Linear_Equations%2F5.4%253A_Solve_Applications_with_Systems_of_Equations
5: Systems of Linear Equations
Translate to a System of Equations
Solve Direct Translation Applications
Solve Geometry Applications
Solve Uniform Motion Applications
Everyday Math
Skills to Develop
Before you get started, take this readiness quiz.
The sum of twice a number and nine is 31. Find the number.
If you missed this problem, review [link].
Twins Jon and Ron together earned $96,000 last year. Ron earned $8,000 more than three times what Jon earned. How much did each of the twins earn?
Alessio rides his bike \(3\frac{1}{2}\) hours at a rate of 10 miles per hour. How far did he ride?
Previously in this chapter we solved several applications with systems of linear equations. In this section, we'll look at some specific types of applications that relate two quantities. We'll translate the words into linear equations, decide which is the most convenient method to use, and then solve them.
We will use our Problem Solving Strategy for Systems of Linear Equations.
USE A PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY FOR SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS.
Read the problem. Make sure all the words and ideas are understood.
Identify what we are looking for.
Name what we are looking for. Choose variables to represent those quantities.
Translate into a system of equations.
Solve the system of equations using good algebra techniques.
Check the answer in the problem and make sure it makes sense.
Answer the question with a complete sentence.
Many of the problems we solved in earlier applications related two quantities. Here are two of the examples from the chapter on Math Models.
The sum of two numbers is negative fourteen. One number is four less than the other. Find the numbers.
A married couple together earns $110,000 a year. The wife earns $16,000 less than twice what her husband earns. What does the husband earn?
In that chapter we translated each situation into one equation using only one variable. Sometimes it was a bit of a challenge figuring out how to name the two quantities, wasn't it?
Let's see how we can translate these two problems into a system of equations with two variables. We'll focus on Steps 1 through 4 of our Problem Solving Strategy.
Exercise \(\PageIndex{1}\): How to Translate to a System of Equations
Translate to a system of equations:
The sum of two numbers is negative twenty-three. One number is 7 less than the other. Find the numbers.
\(\left\{\begin{array}{l}{m+n=-23} \\ {m=n-7}\end{array}\right.\)
The sum of two numbers is negative eighteen. One number is 40 more than the other. Find the numbers.
\(\left\{\begin{array}{l}{m+n=-18} \\ {m=n+40}\end{array}\right.\)
We'll do another example where we stop after we write the system of equations.
\(\begin{array}{ll}{\text {We are looking for the amount that }} & {\text {Let } h=\text { the amount the husband earns. }} \\ {\text {the husband and wife each earn. }} & { w=\text { the amount the wife earns }} \\ {\text{Translate.}} & {\text{A married couple together earns \$110,000.} }\\ {} & {w+h=110000} \\ & \text{The wife earns \$16,000 less than twice what} \\ & \text{husband earns.} \\ & w=2h−16,000 \\ \text{The system of equations is:} & \left\{\begin{array}{l}{w+h=110,000} \\ {w=2 h-16,000}\end{array}\right.\end{array}\)
A couple has a total household income of $84,000. The husband earns $18,000 less than twice what the wife earns. How much does the wife earn?
\(\left\{\begin{array}{l}{w+h=84,000} \\ {h=2 w-18,000}\end{array}\right.\)
A senior employee makes $5 less than twice what a new employee makes per hour. Together they make $43 per hour. How much does each employee make per hour?
\(\left\{\begin{array}{l}{s=2 n-5} \\ {s+n=43}\end{array}\right.\)
We set up, but did not solve, the systems of equations in Example and Example Now we'll translate a situation to a system of equations and then solve it.
Translate to a system of equations and then solve:
Devon is 26 years older than his son Cooper. The sum of their ages is 50. Find their ages.
Step 1. Read the problem.
Step 2. Identify what we are looking for. We are looking for the ages of Devon and Cooper.
Step 3. Name what we are looking for. Let d= Devon's age.
c= Cooper's age
Step 4. Translate into a system of equations. Devon is 26 years older than Cooper.
The sum of their ages is 50.
The system is:
Step 5. Solve the system of equations.
Solve by substitution.
Substitute c + 26 into the second equation.
Solve for c.
Substitute c = 12 into the first equation and then solve for d.
Step 6. Check the answer in the problem. Is Devon's age 26 more than Cooper's?
Yes, 38 is 26 more than 12.
Is the sum of their ages 50?
Yes, 38 plus 12 is 50.
Step 7. Answer the question. Devon is 38 and Cooper is 12 years old.
Ali is 12 years older than his youngest sister, Jameela. The sum of their ages is 40. Find their ages.
Ali is 28 and Jameela is 16.
Jake's dad is 6 more than 3 times Jake's age. The sum of their ages is 42. Find their ages.
Jake is 9 and his dad is 33.
Exercise \(\PageIndex{10}\)
When Jenna spent 10 minutes on the elliptical trainer and then did circuit training for 20 minutes, her fitness app says she burned 278 calories. When she spent 20 minutes on the elliptical trainer and 30 minutes circuit training she burned 473 calories. How many calories does she burn for each minute on the elliptical trainer? How many calories does she burn for each minute of circuit training?
Step 2. Identify what we are looking for. We are looking for the number of
calories burned each minute on the
elliptical trainer and each minute of
circuit training.
Step 3. Name what we are looking for. Let e= number of calories burned per minute on the elliptical trainer.
c= number of calories burned per minute while circuit training
Step 4. Translate into a system of equations. 10 minutes on the elliptical and circuit
training for 20 minutes, burned
20 minutes on the elliptical and
30 minutes of circuit training burned
Multiply the first equation by −2 to get opposite coefficients of e.
Simplify and add the equations.
Substitute c = 8.3 into one of the original equations to solve for e.
Step 6. Check the answer in the problem. Check the math on your own.
Step 7. Answer the question. Jenna burns 8.3 calories per minute
circuit training and 11.2 calories per
minute while on the elliptical trainer.
Mark went to the gym and did 40 minutes of Bikram hot yoga and 10 minutes of jumping jacks. He burned 510 calories. The next time he went to the gym, he did 30 minutes of Bikram hot yoga and 20 minutes of jumping jacks burning 470 calories. How many calories were burned for each minute of yoga? How many calories were burned for each minute of jumping jacks?
Mark burned 11 calories for each minute of yoga and 7 calories for each minute of jumping jacks.
Erin spent 30 minutes on the rowing machine and 20 minutes lifting weights at the gym and burned 430 calories. During her next visit to the gym she spent 50 minutes on the rowing machine and 10 minutes lifting weights and burned 600 calories. How many calories did she burn for each minutes on the rowing machine? How many calories did she burn for each minute of weight lifting?
Erin burned 11 calories for each minute on the rowing machine and 5 calories for each minute of weight lifting.
When we learned about Math Models, we solved geometry applications using properties of triangles and rectangles. Now we'll add to our list some properties of angles.
The measures of two complementary angles add to 90 degrees. The measures of two supplementary angles add to 180 degrees.
COMPLEMENTARY AND SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES
Two angles are complementary if the sum of the measures of their angles is 90 degrees.
Two angles are supplementary if the sum of the measures of their angles is 180 degrees.
If two angles are complementary, we say that one angle is the complement of the other.
If two angles are supplementary, we say that one angle is the supplement of the other.
The difference of two complementary angles is 26 degrees. Find the measures of the angles.
\(\begin{array}{ll}{\textbf {Step 1. Read}\text{ the problem. }} & {} \\ {\textbf {Step 2. Identify}\text{ what we are looking for.}} & {\text {We are looking for the measure of each angle.}} \\ \\ {\textbf{Step 3. Name}\text{ what we are looking for.}} & {\text{Let x = the measure of the first angle.} }\\ {} & \text{y = the measure of the second angle} \\ \textbf{Step 4. Translate}\text{ into a system of equations.}& \text{The angles are complementary.} \\ & \text{x+y=90} \\ & \text{The difference of the two angles is 26 degrees.} \\ & \text{x−y=26} \\ \\ \text{The system is} & {\left\{\begin{array}{l}{x+y=90} \\ {x-y=26}\end{array}\right.} \\ \textbf{Step 5. Solve}\text{ the system of equations by elimination.} \\& \left\{\begin{array}{l}{x+y=90} \\ \underline{x-y=26}\end{array}\right. \\ & \quad2x\quad=116 \\ \text{Substitute x = 58 into the first equation.}& \begin{array}{lrll} &x&=&58 \\ &x+y&=&90 \\ &58+y&=&90 \\ &y&=&32\end{array} \\ \textbf{Step 6. Check}\text{ the answer in the problem.} & \\ 58+32=90\checkmark\\ 58-32=36\checkmark \\ \\ \textbf{Step 7. Answer}\text{ the question.} & \text{The angle measures are 58 degrees and 42 degrees.}\end{array}\)
The angle measures are 55 degrees and 35 degrees.
The angle measures are 5 degrees and 85 degrees.
Two angles are supplementary. The measure of the larger angle is twelve degrees less than five times the measure of the smaller angle. Find the measures of both angles.
Step 2. Identify what we are looking for. We are looking for the measure of each angle.
Step 3. Name what we are looking for. Let x= the measure of the first angle.
y= the measure of the second angle
Step 4. Translate into a system of equations. The angles are supplementary.
The larger angle is twelve less than five times the smaller angle
Step 5. Solve the system of equations substitution.
Substitute 5x − 12 for y in the first equation.
Solve for x.
Substitute 32 for in the second equation, then solve for y.
Step 6. Check the answer in the problem.
\(\begin{aligned} 32+158 &=180 \checkmark \\ 5 \cdot 32-12 &=147 \checkmark \end{aligned}\)
Step 7. Answer the question. The angle measures are 148 and 32.
Two angles are supplementary. The measure of the larger angle is 12 degrees more than three times the smaller angle. Find the measures of the angles.
The angle measures are 42 degrees and 138 degrees.
Two angles are supplementary. The measure of the larger angle is 18 less than twice the measure of the smaller angle. Find the measures of the angles.
Randall has 125 feet of fencing to enclose the rectangular part of his backyard adjacent to his house. He will only need to fence around three sides, because the fourth side will be the wall of the house. He wants the length of the fenced yard (parallel to the house wall) to be 5 feet more than four times as long as the width. Find the length and the width.
Step 2. Identify what you are looking for. We are looking for the length and width.
Step 3. Name what we are looking for. Let L= the length of the fenced yard.
W= the width of the fenced yard
Step 4. Translate into a system of equations. One length and two widths equal 125.
The length will be 5 feet more than four times the width.
Step 5. Solve the system of equations by substitution.
Substitute L = 4W + 5 into the first
equation, then solve for W.
Substitute 20 for W in the second
equation, then solve for L.
\(\begin{array}{rll} 20+28+20&=&125\checkmark \\ 85 &=&4\cdot 20 + 5\checkmark\end{array}\)
Step 7. Answer the equation. The length is 85 feet and the width is 20 feet.
Mario wants to put a rectangular fence around the pool in his backyard. Since one side is adjacent to the house, he will only need to fence three sides. There are two long sides and the one shorter side is parallel to the house. He needs 155 feet of fencing to enclose the pool. The length of the long side is 10 feet less than twice the width. Find the length and width of the pool area to be enclosed.
The length is 60 feet and the width is 35 feet.
Alexis wants to build a rectangular dog run in her yard adjacent to her neighbor's fence. She will use 136 feet of fencing to completely enclose the rectangular dog run. The length of the dog run along the neighbor's fence will be 16 feet less than twice the width. Find the length and width of the dog run.
We used a table to organize the information in uniform motion problems when we introduced them earlier. We'll continue using the table here. The basic equation was D = rt where D is the distance traveled, r is the rate, and t is the time.
Our first example of a uniform motion application will be for a situation similar to some we have already seen, but now we can use two variables and two equations.
Joni left St. Louis on the interstate, driving west towards Denver at a speed of 65 miles per hour. Half an hour later, Kelly left St. Louis on the same route as Joni, driving 78 miles per hour. How long will it take Kelly to catch up to Joni?
A diagram is useful in helping us visualize the situation.
Identify and name what we are looking for.
A chart will help us organize the data.
We know the rates of both Joni and Kelly, and so
we enter them in the chart.
We are looking for the length of time Kelly,
k, and Joni, j, will each drive.
Since D=r·t we can fill in the Distance column.
To make the system of equations, we must recognize that Kelly and Joni will drive the same distance. So, 65j=78k.
Also, since Kelly left later, her time will be 1212 hour less than Joni's time.
So, k=j−12.
Now we have the system.
Solve the system of equations by substitution.
Substitute k=j−12 into the second equation, then solve for j.
To find Kelly's time, substitute j = 3 into the first equation, then solve for k.
Check the answer in the problem.
Joni 3 hours (65 mph) = 195 miles.
Kelly \(2\frac{1}{2}\) hours (78 mph) = 195 miles.
Yes, they will have traveled the same distance
when they meet.
Answer the question. Kelly will catch up to Joni in \(2\frac{1}{2}\) hours.
By then, Joni will have traveled 3 hours.
Translate to a system of equations and then solve: Mitchell left Detroit on the interstate driving south towards Orlando at a speed of 60 miles per hour. Clark left Detroit 1 hour later traveling at a speed of 75 miles per hour, following the same route as Mitchell. How long will it take Clark to catch Mitchell?
It will take Clark 4 hours to catch Mitchell.
Translate to a system of equations and then solve: Charlie left his mother's house traveling at an average speed of 36 miles per hour. His sister Sally left 15 minutes (1/4 hour) later traveling the same route at an average speed of 42 miles per hour. How long before Sally catches up to Charlie?
It will take Sally \(1\frac{1}{2}\) hours to catch up to Charlie.
Many real-world applications of uniform motion arise because of the effects of currents—of water or air—on the actual speed of a vehicle. Cross-country airplane flights in the United States generally take longer going west than going east because of the prevailing wind currents.
Let's take a look at a boat traveling on a river. Depending on which way the boat is going, the current of the water is either slowing it down or speeding it up.
Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\) and Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\) show how a river current affects the speed at which a boat is actually traveling. We'll call the speed of the boat in still water b and the speed of the river current c.
In Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\) the boat is going downstream, in the same direction as the river current. The current helps push the boat, so the boat's actual speed is faster than its speed in still water. The actual speed at which the boat is moving is b + c.
In Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\) the boat is going upstream, opposite to the river current. The current is going against the boat, so the boat's actual speed is slower than its speed in still water. The actual speed of the boat is b−c.
We'll put some numbers to this situation in Exercise \(\PageIndex{25}\).
A river cruise ship sailed 60 miles downstream for 4 hours and then took 5 hours sailing upstream to return to the dock. Find the speed of the ship in still water and the speed of the river current.
Read the problem.
This is a uniform motion problem and a picture will help us visualize the situation.
Identify what we are looking for. We are looking for the speed of the ship
in still water and the speed of the current.
Name what we are looking for. Let s=s= the rate of the ship in still water.
c=c= the rate of the current
A chart will help us organize the information.
The ship goes downstream and then upstream.
Going downstream, the current helps the
ship; therefore, the ship's actual rate is s + c.
Going upstream, the current slows the ship;
therefore, the actual rate is s − c.
Downstream it takes 4 hours.
Upstream it takes 5 hours.
Each way the distance is 60 miles.
Since rate times time is distance, we can
write the system of equations.
Solve the system of equations.
Distribute to put both equations in standard
form, then solve by elimination.
Multiply the top equation by 5 and the bottom equation by 4.
Add the equations, then solve for s.
Substitute s = 13.5 into one of the original equations.
The downstream rate would be
13.5 + 1.5 = 15 mph.
In 4 hours the ship would travel
15 · 4 = 60 miles.
The upstream rate would be
13.5 − 1.5 = 12 mph.
Answer the question. The rate of the ship is 13.5 mph and
the rate of the current is 1.5 mph.
Translate to a system of equations and then solve: A Mississippi river boat cruise sailed 120 miles upstream for 12 hours and then took 10 hours to return to the dock. Find the speed of the river boat in still water and the speed of the river current.
The rate of the boat is 11 mph and the rate of the current is 1 mph.
Translate to a system of equations and then solve: Jason paddled his canoe 24 miles upstream for 4 hours. It took him 3 hours to paddle back. Find the speed of the canoe in still water and the speed of the river current.
The speed of the canoe is 7 mph and the speed of the current is 1 mph.
Wind currents affect airplane speeds in the same way as water currents affect boat speeds. We'll see this in Exercise \(\PageIndex{28}\). A wind current in the same direction as the plane is flying is called a tailwind. A wind current blowing against the direction of the plane is called a headwind.
A private jet can fly 1095 miles in three hours with a tailwind but only 987 miles in three hours into a headwind. Find the speed of the jet in still air and the speed of the wind.
This is a uniform motion problem and a picture will help us visualize.
Identify what we are looking for. We are looking for the speed of the jet
in still air and the speed of the wind.
Name what we are looking for. Let j= the speed of the jet in still air.
w= the speed of the wind
The jet makes two trips-one in a tailwind
and one in a headwind.
In a tailwind, the wind helps the jet and so
the rate is j + w.
In a headwind, the wind slows the jet and
so the rate is j − w.
Each trip takes 3 hours.
In a tailwind the jet flies 1095 miles.
In a headwind the jet flies 987 miles.
Since rate times time is distance, we get the
system of equations.
Distribute, then solve by elimination.
Add, and solve for j.
Substitute j = 347 into one of the original
equations, then solve for w.
With the tailwind, the actual rate of the
jet would be
347 + 18 = 365 mph.
In 3 hours the jet would travel
365 · 3 = 1095 miles.
Going into the headwind, the jet's actual
rate would be
347 − 18 = 329 mph.
329 · 3 = 987 miles.
Answer the question. The rate of the jet is 347 mph and the
rate of the wind is 18 mph.
Translate to a system of equations and then solve: A small jet can fly 1,325 miles in 5 hours with a tailwind but only 1025 miles in 5 hours into a headwind. Find the speed of the jet in still air and the speed of the wind.
The speed of the jet is 235 mph and the speed of the wind is 30 mph.
Translate to a system of equations and then solve: A commercial jet can fly 1728 miles in 4 hours with a tailwind but only 1536 miles in 4 hours into a headwind. Find the speed of the jet in still air and the speed of the wind.
In the following exercises, translate to a system of equations and solve the system.
The sum of two numbers is fifteen. One number is three less than the other. Find the numbers.
The numbers are 6 and 9.
The sum of two numbers is twenty-five. One number is five less than the other. Find the numbers.
The sum of two numbers is negative thirty. One number is five times the other. Find the numbers.
The numbers are −5 and −25.
The sum of two numbers is negative sixteen. One number is seven times the other. Find the numbers.
Twice a number plus three times a second number is twenty-two. Three times the first number plus four times the second is thirty-one. Find the numbers.
Six times a number plus twice a second number is four. Twice the first number plus four times the second number is eighteen. Find the numbers.
Three times a number plus three times a second number is fifteen. Four times the first plus twice the second number is fourteen. Find the numbers.
Twice a number plus three times a second number is negative one. The first number plus four times the second number is two. Find the numbers.
A married couple together earn $75,000. The husband earns $15,000 more than five times what his wife earns. What does the wife earn?
During two years in college, a student earned $9,500. The second year she earned $500 more than twice the amount she earned the first year. How much did she earn the first year?
Daniela invested a total of $50,000, some in a certificate of deposit (CD) and the remainder in bonds. The amount invested in bonds was $5000 more than twice the amount she put into the CD. How much did she invest in each account?
She put $15,000 into a CD and $35,000 in bonds.
Jorge invested $28,000 into two accounts. The amount he put in his money market account was $2,000 less than twice what he put into a CD. How much did he invest in each account?
In her last two years in college, Marlene received $42,000 in loans. The first year she received a loan that was $6,000 less than three times the amount of the second year's loan. What was the amount of her loan for each year?
The amount of the first year's loan was $30,000 and the amount of the second year's loan was $12,000.
Jen and David owe $22,000 in loans for their two cars. The amount of the loan for Jen's car is $2000 less than twice the amount of the loan for David's car. How much is each car loan?
In the following exercises, translate to a system of equations and solve.
Alyssa is twelve years older than her sister, Bethany. The sum of their ages is forty-four. Find their ages.
Bethany is 16 years old and Alyssa is 28 years old.
Robert is 15 years older than his sister, Helen. The sum of their ages is sixty-three. Find their ages.
The age of Noelle's dad is six less than three times Noelle's age. The sum of their ages is seventy-four. Find their ages.
Noelle is 20 years old and her dad is 54 years old.
The age of Mark's dad is 4 less than twice Marks's age. The sum of their ages is ninety-five. Find their ages.
Two containers of gasoline hold a total of fifty gallons. The big container can hold ten gallons less than twice the small container. How many gallons does each container hold?
The small container holds 20 gallons and the large container holds 30 gallons.
June needs 48 gallons of punch for a party and has two different coolers to carry it in. The bigger cooler is five times as large as the smaller cooler. How many gallons can each cooler hold?
Shelly spent 10 minutes jogging and 20 minutes cycling and burned 300 calories. The next day, Shelly swapped times, doing 20 minutes of jogging and 10 minutes of cycling and burned the same number of calories. How many calories were burned for each minute of jogging and how many for each minute of cycling?
There were 10 calories burned jogging and 10 calories burned cycling.
Drew burned 1800 calories Friday playing one hour of basketball and canoeing for two hours. Saturday he spent two hours playing basketball and three hours canoeing and burned 3200 calories. How many calories did he burn per hour when playing basketball?
Troy and Lisa were shopping for school supplies. Each purchased different quantities of the same notebook and thumb drive. Troy bought four notebooks and five thumb drives for $116. Lisa bought two notebooks and three thumb dives for $68. Find the cost of each notebook and each thumb drive.
Notebooks are $4 and thumb drives are $20.
Nancy bought seven pounds of oranges and three pounds of bananas for $17. Her husband later bought three pounds of oranges and six pounds of bananas for $12. What was the cost per pound of the oranges and the bananas?
Solve Geometry Applications In the following exercises, translate to a system of equations and solve.
The measures are 60 degrees and 30 degrees.
The difference of two supplementary angles is 70 degrees. Find the measures of the angles.
The measures are 125 degrees and 55 degrees.
The difference of two supplementary angles is 24 degrees. Find the measure of the angles.
The difference of two supplementary angles is 8 degrees. Find the measures of the angles.
94 degrees and 86 degrees
72.5 degrees and 17.5 degrees
Two angles are supplementary. The measure of the larger angle is four more than three times the measure of the smaller angle. Find the measures of both angles.
The measures are 44 degrees and 136 degrees.
Two angles are supplementary. The measure of the larger angle is five less than four times the measure of the smaller angle. Find the measures of both angles.
Two angles are complementary. The measure of the larger angle is twelve less than twice the measure of the smaller angle. Find the measures of both angles.
Two angles are complementary. The measure of the larger angle is ten more than four times the measure of the smaller angle. Find the measures of both angles.
Wayne is hanging a string of lights 45 feet long around the three sides of his rectangular patio, which is adjacent to his house. The length of his patio, the side along the house, is five feet longer than twice its width. Find the length and width of the patio.
The width is 10 feet and the length is 25 feet.
Darrin is hanging 200 feet of Christmas garland on the three sides of fencing that enclose his rectangular front yard. The length, the side along the house, is five feet less than three times the width. Find the length and width of the fencing.
A frame around a rectangular family portrait has a perimeter of 60 inches. The length is fifteen less than twice the width. Find the length and width of the frame.
The perimeter of a rectangular toddler play area is 100 feet. The length is ten more than three times the width. Find the length and width of the play area.
Solve Uniform Motion Applications In the following exercises, translate to a system of equations and solve.
Sarah left Minneapolis heading east on the interstate at a speed of 60 mph. Her sister followed her on the same route, leaving two hours later and driving at a rate of 70 mph. How long will it take for Sarah's sister to catch up to Sarah?
It took Sarah's sister 12 hours.
College roommates John and David were driving home to the same town for the holidays. John drove 55 mph, and David, who left an hour later, drove 60 mph. How long will it take for David to catch up to John?
At the end of spring break, Lucy left the beach and drove back towards home, driving at a rate of 40 mph. Lucy's friend left the beach for home 30 minutes (half an hour) later, and drove 50 mph. How long did it take Lucy's friend to catch up to Lucy?
It took Lucy's friend 2 hours.
Felecia left her home to visit her daughter driving 45 mph. Her husband waited for the dog sitter to arrive and left home twenty minutes (1/3 hour) later. He drove 55 mph to catch up to Felecia. How long before he reaches her?
The Jones family took a 12 mile canoe ride down the Indian River in two hours. After lunch, the return trip back up the river took three hours. Find the rate of the canoe in still water and the rate of the current.
The canoe rate is 5 mph and the current rate is 1 mph.
A motor boat travels 60 miles down a river in three hours but takes five hours to return upstream. Find the rate of the boat in still water and the rate of the current.
A motor boat traveled 18 miles down a river in two hours but going back upstream, it took 4.5 hours due to the current. Find the rate of the motor boat in still water and the rate of the current. (Round to the nearest hundredth.).
The boat rate is 6.5 mph and the current rate is 2.5 mph.
A river cruise boat sailed 80 miles down the Mississippi River for four hours. It took five hours to return. Find the rate of the cruise boat in still water and the rate of the current. (Round to the nearest hundredth.).
A small jet can fly 1,072 miles in 4 hours with a tailwind but only 848 miles in 4 hours into a headwind. Find the speed of the jet in still air and the speed of the wind.
The jet rate is 240 mph and the wind speed is 28 mph.
A small jet can fly 1,435 miles in 5 hours with a tailwind but only 1215 miles in 5 hours into a headwind. Find the speed of the jet in still air and the speed of the wind.
A commercial jet can fly 868 miles in 2 hours with a tailwind but only 792 miles in 2 hours into a headwind. Find the speed of the jet in still air and the speed of the wind.
A commercial jet can fly 1,320 miles in 3 hours with a tailwind but only 1,170 miles in 3 hours into a headwind. Find the speed of the jet in still air and the speed of the wind.
At a school concert, 425 tickets were sold. Student tickets cost $5 each and adult tickets cost $8 each. The total receipts for the concert were $2,851. Solve the system
\(\left\{\begin{array}{l}{s+a=425} \\ {5 s+8 a=2,851}\end{array}\right.\)
to find s, the number of student tickets and aa, the number of adult tickets.
s=183,a=242
The first graders at one school went on a field trip to the zoo. The total number of children and adults who went on the field trip was 115. The number of adults was \(\frac{1}{4}\) the number of children. Solve the system
\(\left\{\begin{array}{l}{c+a=115} \\ {a=\frac{1}{4} c}\end{array}\right.\)
to find c, the number of children and aa, the number of adults.
Write an application problem similar to Example using the ages of two of your friends or family members. Then translate to a system of equations and solve it.
Write a uniform motion problem similar to Example that relates to where you live with your friends or family members. Then translate to a system of equations and solve it.
ⓑ On a scale of 1-10, how would you rate your mastery of this section in light of your responses on the checklist? How can you improve this?
complementary angles
supplementary angles
5.3: Solve Systems of Equations by Elimination
5.5: Solve Mixture Applications with Systems of Equations


There are many deck builders in Novi Michigan but there is only one Down Home Construction! Some builders are jack-of-all-trades and that is certainly impressive. However, there are few that are as dedicated to the art and the profession of building decks in Novi. We know the city. We know the building codes. We know the style of architecture and we know our craft.
Down Home Construction is one of the leading deck builders in Novi. We build more than simple 10x10 pressure-treated decks. We specialize in giving life to your dreams of an outdoor oasis. We specialize in Trex decks in Novi but we also build real wood decks, too. We can build just about any size or shape deck you can imagine.
We hope you will give us a call when considering a deck builder in Novi. We offer free in-home deck quotations and design consultations. We would be honored to be your partner through the entire deck building process. View our photo gallery or get a quote today!


That's right, Radnor Hills have been busy again concocting brand new flavour combinations, and have recently launched a delicious new Apple and Rhubarb Heartsease Farm – and they have really cracked it this time! This fresh tasting thirst quencher seems to be the most popular in the range yet and is made with all natural and best available ingredients which have been blended with their own spring water from their farm in Wales. Getting the fresh sweet taste of the apple to blend with the sharp twang of the rhubarb wasn't easy, but they are particularly thrilled with this one!
The Watkins family have farmed at Heartsease, in Mid Wales since 1903. It was soon after joining the family firm that William Watkins discovered that he had a source of delicious spring water on their land, and this was the trigger to diversify the business into bottled water based products. Radnor Hills Limited produces a whole range of soft drinks including pure water, flavoured waters, school compliant drinks, fruit juices and the Heartsease Farm range of premium pressé drinks.
Heartsease Farm Premium Pressés feature some timeless traditionally British flavours including Traditional Lemonade, Raspberry Lemonade, Fiery Ginger Beer, Apple and Rhubarb, Blackcurrant Crush and Elderflower Pressé. These drinks are available in single serve 330ml glass and 425ml PET or a family sized 750ml glass bottle.


text:
Definition of me:
part of speech: pronoun
Personal pron. the objective case of I.
dme (2.3%)
ne (7.3%)
le (0.4%)
mde (0.6%)
te (0.2%)
mem (2.9%)
meh (1.9%)
mke (0.8%)
tme (7.7%)
mi (0.8%)
moe (0.6%)
pe (0.2%)
mei (1.0%)
emy (0.2%)
fme (0.4%)
m (12.4%)
mis (0.2%)
meas (0.2%)
ime (0.6%)
mr (2.7%)
ke (0.2%)
hme (0.2%)
gme (1.2%)
muy (0.2%)
ot (0.2%)
sme (1.0%)
tm (0.2%)
med (0.2%)
hin (0.2%)
mt (3.1%)
ame (0.4%)
mes (0.8%)
mit (0.4%)
mek (11.2%)
mel (0.6%)
meif (0.4%)
muc (0.2%)
rme (5.0%)
mre (1.2%)
lme (1.0%)
mo (0.6%)
mee (11.2%)
nme (2.7%)
mey (0.4%)
meed (0.4%)
mae (0.2%)
ov (0.2%)
mne (3.3%)
er (0.2%)
bme (0.4%)
cbh (0.4%)
eme (2.7%)
emt (0.2%)
mje (0.4%)
mme (2.7%)
mwe (2.1%)
Usage examples for me:
Then he told me the news. "Oddsfish!" – Robert Hugh Benson
" To come to me "The Pastor's Wife" – Elizabeth von Arnim
Ask Alwa and Mahommed Gunga to come to me here! "Rung Ho!" – Talbot Mundy
Yes, he told me "The Gloved Hand" – Burton E. Stevenson

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There are many kinds of Living room design today, but the most amazing idea is outdoor living room design. Previously, people might think that after finishing the hard work, they would spend their leisure and relax time with their family in the home room or family room since it is their place to relax and have the entertain from their jokes with family or children. But nowadays the living room designs are moving outside so that you could have Amazing outdoor living room design. For having outdoor living room, the sunshine, fresh air and the breeze of the air would be yours that would release you from the prison of boredom. Beside that, if you want to welcome your beloved guests, you could make them want to stay long in your nice living room.
There are many parts of the amazing outdoor living room design that you should consider if you want to have it as your possession.
Each part of the interior design would give big influence in the whole design and it is also happening to the outdoor living room design. Before we are talking about the furniture, it would be better if we talk about the flooring design of the living room. In this case, you could have various choices of flooring designs, including the wooden flooring design, marble, ceramics, or maybe you want to add carpet at the center of the living room design. Then, Let's come to the furniture. You should choose durable, strong also nice furniture that would help you in making the relax atmosphere. The furniture includes, sofa, chairs, table, flowers, sculpture, and others. Then, for the matter of the material, of course you could choose that by yourself. you could choose wooden, bamboo, or steel material as long as it is suited to your living room design.
Lighting is very important part in the outdoor living room design since lighting could build the nice or bad atmosphere. It is also affect your mood and the sense, whether it would create the cheerful or romantic sense of the outdoor living room. There are various kinds of lighting design that could be your choice. It could be standing lamp, or hanging lamp. You could also choose whether it would be big or small lamp design. A lot of advantages could be gotten from the amazing outside living room design including for the owner or the guests that come to the house.
Label: outdoor living room photos, outdoor themed living room, outdoor living room ideas, outdoor living room furniture, build outdoor living room.


Food sovereignty is a concept embedded in the theory and practice of an alternative to the neoliberal market-driven agenda of the corporate food regime. The book Food Sovereignty in Canada presents a series of Canadian case studies outlining the ways individuals, communities, organizations and social movements are adopting food sovereignty as a framework for participatory democracy from below and establishing strategic alliances to transform the food system and the broader society. While there is some consensus around the basic premise of food sovereignty, an introduction by Nettie Wiebe and Kevin Wipf asserts the requirement for localized strategies since '[n]o single global food sovereignty model can be designed and imposed from elsewhere… Food sovereignty must be, by definition, "home-grown"' (5). The book's multiple authors draw on food sovereignty to (re)imagine social relations as well as human relationships with food, agriculture, and the natural environment.
Over the past decade, discussions about food sovereignty have become more prominent in a wide range of literatures (Windfuhr and Jonse´n 2005, McMichael 2006, Pimbert 2009, Wittman et al. 2010) and among farm leaders, policy makers, and activists critical of the dominant food system. Food Sovereignty in Canada joins a number of recent publications examining the radicalization of grassroots initiatives (see for example Gottlieb and Joshi 2010, Holt-Gime´nez 2011) and contributes to this evolving conversation through a Canadian perspective using an explicit food sovereignty framework.
The concept of food sovereignty evolved as a critical reaction to the experiences of peasant farmers around the world affected by shifts in national and international agricultural policy throughout the 1980s and 1990s. It was proposed as a response to the global discourse and practices of food security, which had been used to justify the priorities of the global corporate food economy (Koc 2011). In contrast, food security, as conceptualized through subsequent UN Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) meetings, describes the core problem of the global food system as scarcity and proposes technical solutions to feed increasing populations. This uncritical approach has done little to identify and address the underlying structures contributing to global hunger and has failed to shift government policy towards system-wide solutions. Those in power have used the concept of food security to encourage a neoliberal, free trade agenda and to pursue a global, industrialized model for agriculture. This has resulted in efforts to maximize production and increase trade with little concern for how or by whom food is produced, distributed or consumed.
Food sovereignty was developed through collaborative dialogue among global peasant organizations to challenge political and economic power in the dominant model of food and agriculture. It focuses on the rights of those who produce and consume food to reclaim control of the food system from corporate interests and global financial institutions. Food sovereignty asserts the principle that food is a basic human right and that participatory democracy is fundamental to its realization. As Patel (2009) notes, egalitarianism is a consequence of the politics of food sovereignty and a prerequisite to the democratic conversation about food policy. In this way, food sovereignty is a necessary precondition for food security.
The introductory chapter by Wiebe and Wipf begins by situating Canada's food system within the global context. Examining the history of Canadian agriculture, the authors explore a range of challenges to achieving food sovereignty including an export-oriented agricultural system, a history of rapid industrialization, the displacement of farm families, mass urbanization and the ingrained image of being the 'breadbasket of the world'. The subsequent three chapters show how farm families are facing the worst environmental, financial and social crisis in history. Discussing the inequality inherent in the neoliberal policy arena in Chapter Three, National Farmers' Union (NFU) president Terry Boehm comments: 'The power imbalances are so out of proportion from a farmer to a grain company, a seed or herbicide company, a fertilizer company, or an oil company - it's unbelievable the scale and the differentials in power and influence' (46). In the second chapter, Darrin Qualman outlines the ways that policies have been used to pursue aggressive export expansion and the maximization of technology, energy and purchased inputs. While farmers' net income has been near or below zero for more than two decades, government farm-support programs serve as a subsidy to agribusiness transnationals, who have recorded record profits. The introductory chapters use detailed statistics and interviews with NFU leaders, to illustrate the way that Canada's agricultural policies enable the transfer of wealth away from farmers while corporations have captured the complete value of the sector.
Canadian food system, reflecting the idea that transformation requires not only understanding the imminent challenges, but also an engagement with the politics of the possible. It has been argued elsewhere (Levkoe 2011) that keeping the values of social justice, ecological sustainability, and democratic decision-making at the forefront of food-related organizing enhances the potential of these activities to contribute to a broader and more meaningful transformation of the food system. In Canada, most food movement initiatives have embraced community food security (CFS) as a theoretical and practical approach. By adapting institutionalized definitions of food security, CFS has been an attempt to build a more comprehensive approach by integrating social justice and ecological sustainability through a mix of grassroots initiatives, entrepreneurial activities and local policy change. While CFS initiatives hold the potential to play an important role in the broader food movement, critics have argued that strategic alliances with more radical initiatives adopting a food sovereignty framework could provide a powerful complement to the work (Holt-Gime´nez and Shattuck 2011). The case studies presented in Food Sovereignty in Canada draw on the idea of the food system as a web of interconnections, pointing to the ways that food sovereignty can be and is being implemented, along with the potential for new alliances based on transformative action.
Chapter Five draws on these types of alliances, telling the story of Food Secure Canada (FSC), a non-profit organization aiming to create a coherent food movement by bringing together diverse actors and multiple perspectives from across the country. Cathleen Kneen, long-time activist and past FSC Chair, explains how food sovereignty became the basis for the People's Food Policy Project (PFP), launched through FSC in 2008. Through the PFP, a coalition of organizations and over 3500 individuals proposed a radical and democratic vision of a different kind of food system in the first, and only, federal-level policy based on food sovereignty principles (PFP 2011). Endorsed and adopted by FSC, the PFP effectively introduced food sovereignty as a basis for grassroots mobilization in Canada and has become the core of a national civil society agenda.
In the subsequent chapters, Dawn Morrison addresses the issue of food sovereignty as a living reality that has been practiced for centuries in indigenous communities. In Chapter Seven, Andre Magnan addresses the timely issue of the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) which was established by an act of government in 1935 as a farmer-controlled, collective marketing agency for Western Canadian wheat and barley. The CWB's purpose was to protect farmers from powerful private interests, but it has faced ongoing attacks from commodity organizations and political parties under neoliberal restructuring models. In Chapter Eight, Rachel Engler-Stringer draws on the practice of community nutrition and discusses ways that food sovereignty can engage with intersecting issues of hunger, ecological agriculture and social justice. In Chapter Nine, Yolanda Hanson uses community gardens in Saskatchewan as a case study to examine the localized practice of food sovereignty through creating empowering spaces for community building and participatory decision-making. Chapter ten turns to Ontario's Golden Horseshoe, an urban region where the success of food sovereignty is described as the rebuilding of relations between the countryside and the city. Here, Harriet Friedmann traces emerging potentials for reconnecting urban and rural lands.
Chapter Eleven addresses the potential for food sovereignty in British Columbia, home to Canada's most diverse agricultural landscape. Hannah Wittman and Herb Barbolet discuss ways that export-oriented production and trade liberalization have had adverse local impacts, as well as some of the grassroots initiatives active in the province.
While the contributions are well written, academic audiences may find the content somewhat lacking since few authors offer substantial descriptions of their methods, extensive references, or detailed evidence for their claims. While this format seems a deliberate choice by the editors and clearly adds to the overall accessibility of the book, there is a stark differentiation between some of the chapters with varied styles and formats. Further, while the book offers perspectives on a number of issues that constitute food sovereignty in Canada, there are a number of issues missing from the analysis. One of the main gaps is the experience of marginalized populations in urban centers. While a number of the authors touch briefly on these issues, none of the contributions directly addresses issues of urban poverty, ethic diversity and food access. Further, there is a geographic gap that misses perspectives from Canada's North and from Eastern Canada. There is also no contribution from French-speaking Canada, which has its own history and culture around food sovereignty.


The National Science Foundation's Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program accepted 13 college interns this summer at CMOP. Below you will find information about the interns, learn about their research projects, and access their weekly blogs.
Project: Unique genetic markers to monitor protist populations in the environment.
parameters in support of the Columbia River Treaty review process.


The Tongarra Bicentennial Museum opened in 1988. The Museum collection includes artifacts significant to the history of Shellharbour, and those that tell stories about the people and places of our past and present.
Many museums around Australia rely on volunteers, grants and donations to ensure their survival. If you're able to help the Tongarra Bicentennial Museum in this way, why not get in touch and offer your assistance?


If anyone out there is interested, there was a short interview - about 6 minutes - with Lance Armstrong on one of our national tv channels. You can see it online here. It should be viewable wherever you are.
He spoke this evening down the road from here. 500 dollars for a front row seat. 300 dollars farther back. No criticism about that, just providing information.


text:
French police criticised for using pepper spray on climate protesters
(The Guardian, 1 Jul 2019) Video showing police removing seated demonstrators in Paris causes outrage on social media.
France's interior minister has asked the Paris police chief to explain a controversial riot police operation to remove climate activists from a bridge, after a video of officers using pepper spray and dragging protesters went viral on social media.
The interior ministry said the police operation to clear the demonstrators was "necessary to restore traffic circulation in the centre of Paris".
Protesters from Extinction Rebellion, a civil disobedience movement that began in Britain, blocked traffic on the Pont de Sully in the centre of the city on Friday, as Paris sweltered in a record-breaking heatwave that many blame on global heating.
French police used riot shields and pepper spray to clear scores of climate activists who were seated, cross-legged, blocking the bridge over the Seine. A journalist's video showing police spraying the demonstrators in the face caused outrage on social media.
A police officer at the scene estimated about 90 protesters had taken part, while Extinction Rebellion put the number at 200. Two people were briefly detained but no arrests were made, protesters said.
The Guardian, 1 Jul 2019: French police criticised for using pepper spray on climate protesters
"Environmental protection and economic development through more efficient use of energy"
SEVEn, The Energy Efficiency Center


text:
// Copyright (c) Microsoft.  All Rights Reserved.  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.  See License.txt in the project root for license information.

namespace Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.ChangeSignature
{
    internal sealed class ChangeSignatureAnalyzedContext
    {
        public readonly bool CanChangeSignature;
        public readonly Solution Solution;
        public readonly ISymbol Symbol;
        public readonly CannotChangeSignatureReason CannotChangeSignatureReason;
        public readonly ParameterConfiguration ParameterConfiguration;

        public ChangeSignatureAnalyzedContext(Solution solution, ISymbol symbol, ParameterConfiguration parameterConfiguration)
        {
            this.CanChangeSignature = true;
            this.Solution = solution;
            this.Symbol = symbol;
            this.ParameterConfiguration = parameterConfiguration;
            this.CannotChangeSignatureReason = CannotChangeSignatureReason.None;
        }

        public ChangeSignatureAnalyzedContext(CannotChangeSignatureReason reason)
        {
            this.CanChangeSignature = false;
            this.CannotChangeSignatureReason = reason;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Our gloriumptious new peach coloured rose, 'Roald Dahl' (Ausowlish) takes centre stage alongside our other new varieties � the fragrant English Climbing Rose, 'Bathsheba' and the delicately frilled petals and pretty lemon blooms of 'Imogen'. Our display is a real treat for the senses � evocative fragrances, mesmerising beauty and some unexpected delights. A giant copper peach sculpture and a Quentin Blake rose illustration making cameo appearances amongst the blooms.


Take a look at our Image Gallery, Brett Marsh Transport, your reliable and professional line haulage service in Tauranga, New Zealand.
Accredited Employers List Check if a New Zealand employer is accredited If you have a skill that's needed by a New Zealand accredited employer and they offer you full-time work, you'll be able to get a visa to work here.
New Zealand companies are dependent on international trade, mainly with Australia, the European Union, the United States, China, South Korea, Japan and Canada. The major capital market is the New Zealand Exchange , known as the NZX.
Explore the new Ford Mondeo. Watch videos and view images of Mondeo's interior and exterior design. Mondeo is available in 10 colours.
The Yashili New Zealand plant boasts globally best-in-class facilities, utilising the latest technology and the finest automatic control systems. Temperature and humidity is controlled around the clock, guaranteeing stable production and ensuring reliable product quality.
New Zealand Society of Authors (PEN NZ Inc) / Literature & Publishing Michael Gifkins Prize for an Unpublished Novel 2019 - apply now The writer of the winning manuscript receives a contract for world rights from Text Publishing, and an advance of NZ$10,000.
Explore the new Ford Focus. Watch videos and view images of Focus' interior and exterior design. Focus is available in 9 colours.
City Gallery Wellington. The City Gallery resides at the heart of Wellington's Civic Square, and was the first non-collecting public gallery to be opened in New Zealand. Since its establishment in 1989, the gallery has earned a strong reputation for showcasing innovative, thought-provoking pieces.
Solander Gallery, Wellington, New Zealand. 494 likes. Solander Gallery is proud to represent leading New Zealand and International Artists.
New Zealand Vacation Information. At Goway we believe that a well-informed traveller is a safer traveller. With this in mind, we have compiled an easy to navigate travel information section dedicated to a New Zealand vacation.
These are some new watercolour paintings for the Gallery [email protected] They show some new watercolour techniques with texture medium, wax, pouring, etc. [email protected] Art Gallery, Nelson, New Zealand shared Nicole Russell Fine Arts 's post .
Uniquely New Zealand, portraying the true essence of individuality, Eyris pearls reflects the link between the natural beauty of the human eye and the unique beauty of each blue pearl.
Image Gallery is a wholesale supplier of greeting cards and stationery in New Zealand. We supply beautiful paper products through independent stores and major retailers.
New Zealand is a country full of grand nature, scenery, lush landscapes, culture, animals and many other attractions. The New Zealand pictures found here are an illustration showing the beauty of Aotearoa - New Zealand.
The oldest gallery in New Zealand, John Leech Gallery was established in 1855 and has remained a culturally significant institution ever since. It holds an enchanting collection of historic work and also represents contemporary artists from both Australia and New Zealand .
Jun 30, 2017· Find details of NZ companies and overseas companies operating in New Zealand, and get help to comply with the legal obligations all companies must meet.


text:
package org.devocative.ares.iservice;

import org.devocative.adroit.vo.KeyValueVO;
import org.devocative.ares.entity.OBasicData;
import org.devocative.ares.entity.OServer;
import org.devocative.ares.vo.filter.OServerFVO;
import org.devocative.demeter.entity.User;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public interface IOServerService {
	void saveOrUpdate(OServer entity);

	OServer load(Long id);

	OServer loadByName(String name);

	OServer loadByAddress(String address);

	List<OServer> list();

	List<OServer> search(OServerFVO filter, long pageIndex, long pageSize);

	long count(OServerFVO filter);

	List<OBasicData> getFunctionList();

	List<OBasicData> getEnvironmentList();

	List<OBasicData> getLocationList();

	List<OBasicData> getCompanyList();

	List<OServer> getHypervisorList();

	List<User> getOwnerList();

	List<User> getCreatorUserList();

	List<User> getModifierUserList();

	// ==============================

	List<KeyValueVO<String, String>> findGuestsOf(Long hypervisorId);

	KeyValueVO<String, String> findGuestOf(Long hypervisorId, String vmId);

	List<KeyValueVO<Long, String>> findServersAsVM();

	KeyValueVO<Long, String> findServerAsVM(Long id);

	void updateVmid(Long id, String vmId);

	List<String> updateVMServers(Long hypervisorId, String multiMatchAlg, List<Map<String, String>> servers, boolean onlyNew);

	List<OServer> checkVMServer(Long hypervisorId, String multiMatchAlg, String name, String vmId, String address);

	void updateServer(Long hypervisorId, String oldVmId, String newVmId, String newName);
}


text:
Stream Thee Oh Sees' "Drop"
Out April 19
Apr 14, 2014 Thee Oh Sees By Mike Hilleary
Making their announced hiatus look fairly premature with a number of new live shows scheduled this summer, Thee Oh Sees will also be releasing a brand new album titled Drop later this week.
Distributed through frontman John Dwyer's label Castle Face, the forthcoming LP is slated to come out April 19 for Record Store Day. Ahead of its impending release the San Francisco psychedelic rockers have allowed the whole record to be made available to stream online through Pitchfork Advance. Click here to listen.


text:
EU and US impose sweeping economic sanctions on Russia
European capital markets to be closed to Russian banks
Sanctions intended to stop supply of arms to Ukraine rebels
Downing St to push for harsher sanctions if no change
Russia's president Vladimir Putin. Photograph: Mikhail Klimentyev/AP
Julian Borger, diplomatic editor, Paul Lewis in Washington, and Rowena Mason
Tue 29 Jul 2014 18.31 EDT
EU governments have agreed to impose sweeping sanctions on Russia, targeting state-owned banks, imposing an arms embargo and restricting sales of sensitive technology and the export of equipment for the country's oil industry, in response to Moscow's continued backing for separatists in eastern Ukraine.
The punitive measures, the most extensive EU sanctions imposed on Russia since the cold war, were agreed by ambassadors from the 28 member states after a seven-hour debate. They decided that Moscow had not fulfilled the conditions laid down by foreign ministers last week, to stop the supply of arms to the rebels and provide full cooperation in the investigation into the shooting down of Malaysia Airlines flight MH17.
US president Barack Obama joined the EU in sharply escalating economic pressure on Moscow.
He announced new measures, targeting major sectors of the Russian economy, including weapons, energy and finance. Three large banks – VTB Bank OAO, Bank of Moscow and the Russian Agricultural Bank – were cut off from the US economy.
"Today, Russia is once again isolating itself from the international community, setting back decades of genuine progress," the president said.
The EU sanctions will hit Russia the hardest. The bloc does 10 times more trade with it than the US.
The president of the European Council, Herman van Rompuy, and the head of the European Commission, José Manuel Barroso, issued a joint statement describing the EU measures as a strong warning that "Illegal annexation of territory and deliberate destabilisation of a neighbouring sovereign country could not be accepted in 21st-century Europe.
"When the violence created spirals out of control and leads to the killing of almost 300 innocent civilians in their flight from the Netherlands to Malaysia, the situation requires urgent and determined response," they said. "The European Union will fulfil its obligations to protect and ensure the security of its citizens. And the European Union will stand by its neighbours and partners."
Following a meeting of the emergency Cobra council of ministers on Tuesday, Downing Street said the UK will push for even harsher sanctions against Russia than the ones agreed by the EU if the country does not change course.
A No 10 spokesman said the UK expected the Netherlands to publish the preliminary findings of its investigation into the crash of MH17 next week. "In the Netherlands, the process for identifying and repatriating the victims continues and there are now 15 British police officers working as part of a 200-strong team to complete the process as swiftly as possible," she said.
"The prime minister underlined the need for a strong international response to Russia's ongoing efforts to destabilise Ukraine, noting that the EU should agree a package of sectoral sanctions today and that Europe must be willing to pursue further tough measures if Russia does not change course."
Later, David Cameron met some of those who lost loved ones in the MH17 disaster. "They discussed the repatriation process, the investigation and how to prevent such a tragedy from ever happening again," a spokesman said. "The prime minister … made it clear that the government was determined to do all it can to support them over the coming difficult months, from ensuring that their loved ones are brought home as soon as possible to bringing justice to those responsible for shooting down the passenger jet."
According to an EU official, the most important measure agreed was to deny Russian state-owned banks access to European capital markets. Under the agreed sanctions, Europeans will not be permitted to buy debt, equity or other financial instruments with a maturity higher than 90 days in Russian state-owned banks or their subsidiaries. Brokering or other services linked to any such transactions will also be banned. Any trade in arms and "related material" with Russia, both import and export, will be banned, but the embargo will apply to future contracts only, and therefore will not affect the €1.2bn sale of two French Mistral helicopter carrier ships already agreed. Russia imports relatively few arms from the EU, but sells Europe weapons worth more than €3bn.
Certain technology related to the energy industry will require specific prior authorisation, and export permits will not be given for exploration or production equipment for deep-water or Arctic drilling or for shale oil projects in Russia.
The measures do not affect the actual trading of oil, gas or other commodities.
Under the measures, equipment and technology on the EU list of dual-use items, with both civilian and military purposes cannot be sold to Russian companies involved in any way in the arms industry – an export trade estimated to be worth about €20bn.
The economic sanctions are due to take effect later this week and will be reviewed after three months.
Furthermore, another eight names of individuals and three entities will be added on Wednesday to the EU blacklist of Russians subject to asset freezes and travel bans. Four of the new individuals on the sanctions lists were described by an EU officials as "cronies" of President Putin, but the names have not yet been released.
"These are important sanctions because, for the past few years, Putin has being pursuing selective engagement with the west, saying, 'I don't need your lessons or your western norms but I do want the technology and knowhow from your companies,'" said Bobo Lo, an associate fellow at the Chatham House thinktank's Russia and Eurasia programme. "These sanctions challenge that approach."
"Access to credit is really important. In the 2009 financial crisis, when Russian companies couldn't raise money in Europe, they were forced to go cap in hand to China, and China extracted its pound of flesh. You could have similar scenarios now. Russia is more strategically dependent on China than at any time since the cold war. This will only accentuate that dependency."
Last year, nearly half the bonds issued by Russian state-run financial institutions were issued in the EU's financial markets. Although Russian banks could go elsewhere to raise funds, the added uncertainty will add to the country's borrowing costs.
In Washington, the White House welcomed the introduction of sectoral sanctions in Europe, a move it has been pushing for months, and indicated that the US would immediately follow the announcement with its own escalation in sanctions on Tuesday.
"The announcement that we anticipate later today from the Europeans is the culmination of months of diplomatic work that has been done by this administration," said Josh Earnest, the White House press secretary.
He said the White House expected the European punitive measures to "track pretty closely" with those introduced by the US two weeks ago, targeting the energy, defence and financial sectors. That US package, a significant escalation in the previous sanctions regime, was introduced the day before pro-Russia separatists were accused of shooting down flight MH17.
He said the downing of the Malaysian jet was a "head snapper" and changed the international community's stance toward Moscow. "It is certainly reasonable [to assert] the downing of this airliner contributed to the Europeans' willingness to step up to the plate and take the kind of serious action that this administration, and this country, put in place against Russia a few weeks ago," he said.
Earnest added that the US would make its own announcement about sanctions "as soon as today".


text:
DANIA BEACH, Fla. — Dabo Swinney is not sure if Clemson cornerback Sheridan Jones will play or not when the seventh-ranked Tigers take on No. 6 Tennessee in the 89th Orange Bowl Classic Friday at Hard Rock Stadium.
Jones did not practice on Wednesday because of a hip flexor. The senior was limited in practice on Tuesday and was wearing a yellow jersey. He was wearing street clothes during Wednesday's practice.
"Sheridan could come back. He's been dealing with a hip flexor, so it's going to be close," Swinney said during Thursday's Coaches Press Conference at Le Meridien Conference Center. "He's one of those guys that's played a lot.
"He's got a lot of experience but been battling a little bit. We'll see."
The Tigers are already thin at corner with Malcom Greene out for the year due to a groin injury and Fred Davis leaving school and transferring to UCF.
Jones has already missed three games this year due to injury. He has played in 10 games, starting all 10, and has record 31 tackles with one pass broken up.
As for his future at Clemson, Swinney isn't sure what Jones is going to do. Though he has classified as a senior, Jones us eligible to return for one more year due to the COVID rule.
"He's declared this as his senior year all year, but as you know, a lot of these guys have — I guess we're going to deal with it for a couple more years, I guess, with the COVID year," Swinney said. "I don't know if it's his last time. A lot of guys are going to decide that after the game."
–photo courtesy of the Orange Bowl
PreviousClemson could be without starting defender
NextHere's the Matchup to Watch in the Orange Bowl
As NFL Draft Approaches, Things Looking up for Booth
9/20: Clemson UNC-Charlotte Preview
2020 PlayStation Fiesta Bowl Clemson Defensive Press Conference
2019 Bronko Nagurski Trophy Finalists Named


Behavioural Sciences is a relatively new method of getting greater efficiency and gain in business. It uses the idea of nudging people towards a particular action and that action is often the easier, more natural route to achieving a particular goal. The Get Noticed consultancy employed Blue Web to design and develop its' new website on the subject of business nudging.
Blue Web brings business experience and knowledge to bear in the process of designing websites for clients. We understand that the website is an investment in the businesses' future and should reflect the professionalism of the business and aim to deliver its' goals. This can only be done through a consultative approach to website design and development.
To learn more about business nudging visit the Get Noticed Consultancy website.
See more website design for Business Consultancy Websites.


with a passion for adventure.
Raised on Josh Groban and Jimmy Buffet, Lily's parents always made sure she had a musical instrument in her hand (she preferred the triangle) for late night jam sessions as a kid…and the rest is history!
Lily is a recent graduate of James Madison University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Theatre Performance and a minor in British Media and Communications.
You can find Lily adjusting to her new life in D.C. where she is currently teaching and auditioning!


text:
France's Angoulême Comics Festival Displays Comfort Women Manhwa
posted on 2014-01-31 23:00 EST by Sarah Nelkin
South Korean government requests exhibit; Japanese government responds, issues pamphlets
France's Angoulême International Comics Festival opened on Thursday with an exhibit featuring about 10 manhwa (Korean comics) about "comfort women." The exhibit focuses on young women and girls forced into prostitution by the former Empire of Japan's military during World War II. The South Korean government requested the event to hold the exhibition.
The description at the entrance to the exhibit claims that Japan has still not recognized the problem of comfort women. The issue of comfort women has become a hot topic in Japan after Osaka Mayor Toru Hashimoto made a controversial comment on the subject last May. In the July 2013 issue of Studio Ghibli's Neppū magazine, director and Studio Ghibli co-founder Hayao Miyazaki wrote that Japan should apologize and pay compensation for its crimes during the war, including the use of comfort women.
About 600 people visited the comfort women exhibit in Angoulême on Thursday. One female visitor commented, "This is too cruel. I'm going to show it to my daughter as well. Why won't Japan admit to this?" Another visitor said, "This is the first time I ever learned such a truth. It's disappointing that Japan won't recognize the incident."
Yoon-Sun Cho, Minister of Gender Equality and Family of the Republic of Korea, visited the festival on Thursday to announce the opening of the manhwa exhibit titled Chiru Koto no Nai Hana (The Flower That Doesn't Wilt). An informational session about the exhibit was also planned for the local press, but it was canceled at the Angoulême organizers' request.
The Japanese Embassy is passing out pamphlets at the event's press center that detail the Japanese government's efforts and stance on the issue. However, Angoulême organizers rejected a certain Japanese manga about comfort women from being displayed at the event. The manga supports the claim that there was no forced labor of comfort women by the former Japanese military.
Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan Fumio Kishida responded at a press conference on Friday by saying, "It is disappointing that this action does not follow stated goal of deepening international understanding and friendship through comics." Japan's Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga added, "This is a problem that should be fixed by the executive committee and non-governmental organizations."
Angoulême International Comics Festival launched in 1974 as an event celebrating comics from countries throughout the world. The annual event is the largest comics festival in Europe and one of the largest in the world. The current festival is running in Angoulême, France until Sunday. Katsuhiro Otomo ( Akira , Steamboy, Short Peace) is one of three nominees for the top prize, the Grand Prix, at this year's event.
Sources: Sankei Shimbun (link 2), Mainichi Shimbun
discuss this in the forum (35 posts) |


It is safe to say we all have a need for extra storage space. Some of us have a lot of stuff and not enough room to keep it, others need to relocate items to complete a project, and then there is the reality of shifting things so you can relocate.
Regardless of the reason, it would be ideal if the additional space could be found and used on your property, which is why Container on Wheels Storage and other portable options have become the answer to many peoples problems. If you are looking for mobile storage solutions homestead, consider these different alternatives and how they might fit into your scenario.
Having a storage unit delivered to your doorstep is the epitome of convenience. Rather than load up your vehicle, beg a friend to loan their truck, or rent one, only to have to still drive your stuff to another storage unit, with portable options you have all you need in one place. Not only does this reduce the amount of hard work involved, but you also cut costs and save friendships.
No matter the need, portable storage units allow you to accomplish many goals throughout your rental period. You can move items out of your home so you can easily perform home improvements that you will enjoy or finish repairing items that must be done for resale purposes. When you are finished with the projects, use the storage space to purge items you no longer need or want, rather than move them back into the house.
Weather may not be a concern for everyone, but it can certainly cause most of us some grief. When you need to store your precious belongings outside of the home, keep in mind the level of weatherproofing you will need or desire. Just because you are taking advantage of mobile storage does not mean you have to sacrifice the protection of your earthly goods. Mobile units are designed to withstand a variety of conditions, so make sure you are getting one that works for you.
Once you are done moving everything into your storage unit, you have options on what to do with it. If leaving the unit in its current location works best, you can do that. If you need your goods stored off-site for a while, you can do that too. You can even have everything relocated to the site where it will be unpacked. By using mobile storage solutions, you can have it all.
Packing and moving are not the typical ideas of fun, but with convenience, versatility and a whole host of options, mobile storage solutions can provide a very positive experience.


New York, NY – (RealEstateRama) — The New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD) Commissioner Vicki Been and New York City Housing Development Corporation (HDC) President Eric Enderlin today announced the opening of the Housing Connect lottery for 100 affordable apartments at Beach Green Dunes, a newly constructed apartment complex located at 44-19 Rockaway Beach Boulevard in Edgemere, Queens.
Beach Green Dunes is a seven-story building with eight studio apartments, 49 one-bedroom apartments, 26 two-bedroom, and 17 three-bedroom apartments, plus one unit reserved for a superintendent. These apartments will be affordable to very low-, low-, and moderate-income households.
Eligible households include individuals earning as little as $23,726 annually; two- person households earning a minimum of $25,440 annually; three- to four-person households earning a minimum of $30,618; and four- to six-person households earning an annual income of just $35,520. Information on eligibility and application details for Beach Green Dunes can be found here. The rents range from as low as $653 a month for a studio apartment to $1,597 a month for a three-bedroom apartment.
The deadline for applying is February 6, 2017. Eligible applicants who have been selected can expect to start moving into their new homes by Spring 2017.
Upon completion, Beach Green Dunes will be the single largest PHIUS-certified passive house multi-family building in the country. Located at the border of the Edgemere and Arverne sections of the Rockaway Peninsula, the building has easy access to the beachfront boardwalk, the Beach 44th Street A-train subway station, the Q22 bus service, and the Rockaway Freeway. Amenities include an on-site resident manager, dishwashers, a green terrace, and fitness center.
A percentage of units will be set aside for mobility (5%) and vision or hearing (2%) disabled applicants. For 50 percent of the units, preference will be given to residents of Queens Community Board 14, and for 5 percent of the units, preference will be given to municipal employees.
Since its 2013 launch, NYC Housing Connect has simplified the city's housing lottery process. The website allows New Yorkers to fill out a single online profile, which can be used to apply to multiple new housing lotteries. That profile can be saved and edited, eliminating the need to fill out individual paper applications for upcoming lotteries.
In October, 2016, Mayor de Blasio announced changes to the City's marketing guidelines designed to ensure that City-assisted affordable housing reaches the New Yorkers who need it most. Important changes to the policies include ending developers and leasing agents' ability to deny applications based solely on credit scores; new standards for homeless shelter referrals to account for special challenges faced by these households; strictly limiting the ability of landlords to deny an applicant based only on their exercising due process rights in housing court; and imposing limits on personal assets. This changes are the most recent in a series of adjustments by the de Blasio Administration to increase information accessibility and transparency to the housing lottery process.
Registered applicants are notified via email when new lotteries are posted to the Housing Connect site. Instructions on how to submit a paper application are also available, and listed in each housing lottery advertisement. Applicants may not submit both a paper application and a web application for the same project.


text:
Chewing on Evolution
Researchers have discovered that a small mammal-like reptile that lived 260 million years ago is the first known efficient land vertebrate chewer—able to use a shearing chewing action to break down tough vegetation.
The finding, the scientists say, provides evidence that the seemingly modest ability to orally process food efficiently allowed animals to digest a wider range of vegetation, sparking the evolution of a diversity of herbivores. This diversity enabled the evolution of the modern terrestrial animal ecosystem, in which abundant herbivores serve as food for a small number of carnivores. Before this evolution, the scientists say, the ecosystem was quite different, with herbivores being very rare and most vertebrates eating either invertebrates or other vertebrates that fed on invertebrates.
In an article in a June issue of Nature, Duke graduate student Natalia Rybczynski and Robert Reisz, professor of zoology at the University of Toronto at Mississauga, report microscopic studies of the teeth of the foot-long reptile Suminia, whose distant relatives eventually evolved into mammals. Suminia predated the dinosaurs (which branched from the vertebrate tree millions of years later), some of whose plant-eating species evolved similar chewing mechanisms.
The scientists' studies of the teeth of the gangly, big-eyed, large-toothed Suminia found telltale horizontal scratches whose structure revealed that the animal brought its posterior teeth together and created an upward and backward shearing motion, called a power stroke, to shred plant material efficiently.
"Chewing is particularly important because if an animal can more efficiently chew its food, it can digest more quickly and increase its rate of food intake," Rybczynski says. "Such increased intake could have supported an elevated metabolism, similar to mammals."
Rybczynski says herbivores without such chewing ability tend to eat the more tender leaves, flowers, or buds of plants. Minimal oral processing of vegetation is also associated with a slower digestion rate. An example is the iguana, which, like other animals that do not chew extensively, simply swallows vegetation and allows it to digest for a long time. "So, Suminia is the best example we have from such an early era of an animal that is adapted to high-fiber herbivory. It was clearly more specialized to eat coarse, fibrous food than anything else of the time."
The scientists were prompted to study Suminia in part because of anatomical evidence that a close relative, called dicynodonts—the first successful terrestrial plant-eating vertebrate—was also probably efficient at "oral processing" of food. Rybczynksi notes that most dicynodonts could not be said to "chew," since that term applies only to animals with teeth.
"What is immediately striking about this animal is that it has really large teeth and they occlude, or meet. This is unlike iguanas, crocodiles, and most other non-mammalian vertebrates, whose teeth don't even touch. Since the teeth occluded, we knew that Suminia had some sort of specialized chewing mechanism," Rybcynski says.
The scientists performed electron-microscopic studies that revealed the details of striations resulting from shearing of food. Besides the horizontal nature of those striations, the scientists observed that one end of the worn surface showed a deeper "divot" at the junction between the hard surface enamel and the softer dentine than the other. The shape of this dentine surface indicated where sand and other particles had been jammed against the enamel, proving that the motion was backward.
The scientists obtained their specimens from the Paleontological Institute of the National Academy of Sciences in Russia, which receives support from the University of Toronto. Their study was supported by the National Geographic Society and the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.