(CNN Money) — Today, destinations aren't just for work or play. Last year, about 60 percent of travelers took trips that allowed them to both do business and explore a new city, according to recent data from Expedia Group Media Solutions.
Experts say the best of these destinations offer co-working spaces, skyscrapers, or work-from-home setups as well as natural surroundings, top restaurants and nightlife and historical sites. Here are a few places that reward business and leisure travelers alike.
New York might be an expensive place to travel for business, but once there, you can take advantage of its extensive public transportation system. New York's accessibility makes it attractive for business travelers who want to explore beyond the city center, says Brenna Fleener, director of marketing for Context Travel, a small group travel company that leads walking tours around the world.
The Big Apple, birthplace of collaborative workspace company WeWork, is now home to many other co-working spaces (such as The Farm SoHo, starting at $25 a day) as well as cafes that double as out-of-town offices.
With a MetroCard, you can visit a range of different neighborhoods — from Greenwich Village or Little Italy to Jackson Heights or Coney Island.
Telluride, at the foot of the San Juan Mountains, is a ski town at heart. But it's also an incubator for fledgling businesses: The Telluride Venture Accelerator has fueled 29 startups since 2012.
Like heights? Stay in Mountain Village (altitude 9,500 feet) and commute via gondola (there's a new co-working space called Telluride Works). Spend your lunch break hiking, and clank craft beer with a like-minded community after work.
A top 10 Airbnb for Work destination, the City of Angels is perfect for travelers looking to combine business and leisure, says Anne-Fleur Andrle, co-founder and CEO of Jack and Ferdi, a soon-to-launch app for so-called "bleisure" travelers.
"It offers everything a business traveler is looking for: a business center with many work opportunities and events and an idyllic location," she said.
Traffic can be overwhelming, so leaving city limits pays off. "Greater Los Angeles is like a puzzle, made up of city and many smaller beach towns, each with its own unique flavor — Venice Beach, Pasadena, downtown, Beverly Hills," says Andrle.
Note to foodies: With the largest Thai population outside of Asia, LA offers Thai food that shouldn't be missed.
Primely situated between the United States and Japan, Hawaii is a top international business travel destination. About a half million people traveled to the islands for business in 2016, most of them from the U.S.
This spring, Hawaii Tourism launched a week-long residency program called Work From Hawaii where New York City-area denizens could apply to work in remote settings — a loft in Honolulu's art district or a quiet desk overlooking green Molokai. In October, the workspaces re-open for booking. With more affordable flights to the islands, now is as good a time as any to book a trip.
Home to tech giants like Facebook and Google, Northern California is no stranger to long workdays. Once you do escape, San Francisco is extremely walkable — and rife with distinct neighborhoods worth exploring, says Fleener.
Stroll Italian North Beach with an espresso in hand, or start the trip south along the Pacific Coast Highway and quickly turn a work weekend into a road trip.
The Windy City is home to lots of businesses big and small, and a popular convention destination as well.
After meetings end, visitors linger to take advantage of the city's great food, world class museums (The Art Institute of Chicago and Chicago Architecture Center to name two), and plentiful outdoor activities like biking the 606 or running the lakefront.
The Boston Convention & Exhibition Center is New England's biggest, and The Massachusetts Convention Center Authority hosted 325 events last year. So you're likely to end up in the city for work.
With a bit of spare time in history-rich Boston, it's easy to explore must-sees: the Charles River, Museum of Science, Boston Harbor, The Public Garden.
Wake up early to join runners at The November Project before work, or time your trip around an official race like the Boston Athletic Association's half marathon in October, suggests Jeff Adams, president and CEO of Marathon Tours and Travel.
With Starbucks, Costco, Amazon, and Microsoft all based in the area, Seattle attracts so many travelers for meetings and conventions that the West Coast's 'other' tech hub ends up turning away more business than it can book.
With coffee shops all around the city, you'll be caffeinated enough to spend leisure hours taking in the 'green' at the city's many parks. At Seward Park, you'll find old-growth forests with the oldest trees in Seattle. Or head to Woodinville wine country, just 30 minutes from city limits.
There's more to Music City than bachelorette parties and open-air bars playing honky tonk music. For business travelers on a break, there's the Gaylord Opryland Resort and Convention Center and Nashville Music City Center, as well as some of the best restaurants in the south. You'll never be far from entertainment — like Bluebird Cafe if you're lucky enough to secure a ticket, or nearby Belle Meade Plantation, which has a winery.
Those looking to mix work and play are flocking to smaller city hubs like Austin, home to South by Southwest. "Austin has evolved into one of the most dynamic tech hubs in the Southwest," says Andrle.
Eat and drink your way through down time, she suggests, enjoying breakfast tacos (try Juan in a Million), sipping Mexican martinis, and treating yourself to snacks from one of the city's 1,000 mobile food vendors.


This course will provide attendees with an update of all major areas of clinical interest in vascular neurology. Lectures will cover management of acute ischemic stroke, brain hemorrhage, symptomatic and asymptomatic vascular lesions including arteriovenous malformations, cavernous malformations, cerebral aneurysms and carotid stenosis. The course will also cover the latest diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to stroke. Lectures will be supplemented with highlights of images in clinical vascular neurology and group discussions of clinical vignettes.
Consistent with all prior ICFTD meetings, the focus with be on the presentation of new data relating to FTD spanning the key areas of clinical, neuropsychology, neuroimaging, genetics, biofluid markers, molecular biology, neuropathology, animal models and treatment. While established investigators will surely present updated concepts and breakthroughs, involvement by trainees will be highlighted via oral and poster presentations. In keeping with the longstanding philosophy of the MCSCPD, clinicians seeking education on FTD will be welcome. Additionally, concurrent educational sessions for patients and care partners covering diagnosis, management, support and empowerment will also be provided.


This Statutory Instrument has been printed to correct errors in SI 2003/3122 and is being issued free of charge to all known recipients of that Statutory Instrument.
The Secretary of State for Transport makes the following Regulations in exercise of the powers conferred by sections 37A(8)(b) and (9) and 67(2) of the Disability Discrimination Act 1995(1).
1. These Regulations may be cited as the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (Private Hire Vehicles)(Carriage of Guide Dogs etc.)(England and Wales)(Amendment) Regulations 2006 and shall come into force on 17th July 2006.
2.—(1) The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (Private Hire Vehicles)(Carriage of Guide Dogs etc.)(England and Wales) Regulations 2003(2) shall be amended as follows.
(ii)its back is clearly visible from the driver's seat of the private hire vehicle.".
Section 37A of the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 imposes requirements on licensed private hire vehicle drivers and operators in relation to carrying an assistance dog, without additional charge, when it accompanies a disabled person. It also provides that a private hire vehicle driver may be exempted from this obligation on medical grounds.
Regulation 2 amends the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (Private Hire Vehicles)(Carriage of Guide Dogs etc.)(England and Wales) Regulations 2003 in respect of the manner in which the exemption notice should be displayed by the exempted private hire vehicle driver and the wording on the back of the exemption notice. The notice must be displayed on the windscreen; display on the dashboard is no longer permitted.


text:
Christian I (februarie 1426 – 21 mai 1481) a fost monarh danez, rege al Danemarcei (1448–1481), Norvegiei (1450–1481) și al Suediei (1457–1464), în cadrul Uniunii Kalmar. În Suedia, domnia sa scurtă a fost precedată de regenții Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna și Erik Axelsson Tott și succedată de regentul Kettil Karlsson Vasa.

În 1459 a moștenit de la mama sa ducatul de Schleswig și comitatul de Holstein.

Christian I face parte din arborele genealogic al lui Filip, Duce de Edinburgh.

Primii ani
S-a născut în februarie 1426 la Oldenburg. Tatăl său era contele Dietrich de Oldenburg (decedat în 1440) pe care l-a succedat în poziția de conte de Oldenburg și Delmenhorst. Mama lui, a doua soție a tatălui, Hedwig de Schleswig și Holstein, a murit în 1436. Christian a avut doi frați, contele Moritz al V-lea de Delmenhorst (1428–1464) și contele Gerhard al VI-lea de Oldenburg și Delmenhorst (1430–1500) și o soră, Adelheid.

Christian s-a căsătorit cu Dorothea de Brandenburg (1430 –  25 noiembrie 1495), văduva regelui predecesor Christopher (de Bavaria) la 28 octombrie 1449 la Copenhaga.

Regele Christopher al Danemarcei, Suediei și Norvegiei a murit în ianuarie 1448. Moartea lui a dus la destrămarea uniunii celor trei regate; Danemarca și Suedia au mers pe căi separate. La 1 septembrie 1448, contele Christian de Oldenburg a fost ales la tronul vacant danez, ca regele Christian I. El a fost descendent al regelui Eric al V-lea al Danemarcei, prin cea de-a doua fiică, Richeza. Inițial, tronul a fost oferit de Statsraad celui mai proeminent lord danez, ducele Adolf al VIII-lea de Schleswig-Holstein, dar (fiind destul de bătrân și fără copii), el a refuzat și l-a recomandat pe nepotul său.

Regele Suediei și Norvegiei
Între timp, Suedia l-a ales pe 20 iunie 1448 pe Carol Knutsson ca rege. Norvegia s-a confruntat cu o alegere între o uniune cu Suedia sau Danemarca, sau alegerea unui rege separat. A doua opțiune a fost eliminată rapid, izbucnind o luptă pentru putere între susținătorii lui Cristian al Danemarcei și ai lui Carol al Suediei. Consiliul Norvegian de la Realm a fost împărțit. În februarie 1449, o parte a Consiliului s-a declarat în favoarea lui Carol ca rege, dar la 15 iunie în același an, un alt grup de consilieri a adus un omagiu lui Cristian. Pe 20 noiembrie, Carol a fost încoronat ca rege al Norvegiei în Trondheim. Cu toate acestea, nobilimea suedeză a luat măsuri pentru a evita un război cu Danemarca. În iunie 1450, Consiliul suedez l-a forțat pe Carol să renunțe la cererea sa în Norvegia pentru regele Cristian. Problema succesiunii norvegiene a fost decisă între Danemarca și Suedia, precum și de Consiliul norvegian rămas cu un singur candidat pentru tron. În vara anului 1450, Cristian a navigat în Norvegia cu o flotă mare și la 2 august a fost încoronat regele Norvegiei în Trondheim. La 29 august, a fost semnat un tratat de uniune între Danemarca și Norvegia în Bergen.

Norvegia avusese mereu o monarhie ereditară veche, însă acest lucru devenea din ce în ce mai puțin o realitate, de vreme ce la ultimele succesiuni regale, cererile ereditare au fost ocolite din motive politice. Acum fusese declarat în mod explicit ca atât în Norvegia, cât și în Danemarca, să existe monarhie electivă. Tratatul prevedea ca Danemarca și Norvegia să aibă același rege și să fie ales dintre fiii legitimi ai regelui anterior, în cazul în care acesta avusese.

Carol a devenit tot mai nepopular în calitatea sa de rege al Suediei și a fost exilat în 1457. Cristian își atinsese scopul de a fi ales rege al Suediei, restabilind Uniune de la Kalmar. El a primit puterea suedeză temporar de la Arhiepiscopul  Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna și de la Eric Axelsson Tott. Cu toate acestea, Suedia fiind volatilă și împărțită pe fracțiuni, domnia sa a luat sfârșit în 1464, când episcopul Kettil Karlsson Vasa a fost instalat ca regent. Carol a fost rechemat ca rege al Suediei, deși avea să fie exilat pentru a doua oară și rechemat din nou, murind în timpul celui de-al treilea mandat ca rege. Încercarea finală a lui Cristian de a recâștiga Suedia s-a încheiat cu un eșec militar la Brunkeberg, în octombrie 1471, unde a fost învins de regentul suedez Sten Sture cel Bătrân, care a fost susținut de clanul nobil danezo-suedez Thott. Cristian și-a menținut cererile ca regent suedez până la moartea sa în 1481.

Ultimii ani
Teritoriul personal al lui Cristian a fost cel mai mare între 1460 - 1464, înainte de pierderea Suediei. Cu toate acestea, multe părți ale regatului său erau guvernate la nivel local și eu existat lupte constante. Danemarca a fost cel mai important centru de putere al său. În 1474, Cristian s-a căsătorit de două ori. În aprilie, el a plecat la Milano și în Roma unde l-a întâlnit pe Papa Sixtus al IV-lea. În acel timp, soția sa a primit de la Papa autorizația de a întemeia o universitate la Copenhaga, care a fost creată în 1478 sau 1479.

Regele Cristian a murit la Copenhaga pe 21 mai 1481, la vârsta de 55 de ani. Este îngropat la Catedrala Roskilde.
Dinastia fondată de el, Casa de Oldenburg, a rămas pe tronul Danemarcei și pe tronul Norvegiei până în 1814 și din nou până în 1905.

Copii
Dorotea și Cristian au avut împreună cinci copii:
Olaf (29 septembrie 1450 - 1451)
Knud (1451 - 1455)
Hans (1455 - 1513), regele Danemarcei, Norvegiei și Suediei și Duce de Schleswig și Holstein
Margareta a Danemarcei (1456 - 1486), s-a căsătorit la vârsta de 13 ani cu regele Iacob al III-lea al Scoției
Frederick (1471 - 1533), Duce de Schleswig și Holstein și mai târziu Regele Danemarcei și Norvegiei

Note

Nașteri în 1426
Decese în 1481
Regi ai Danemarcei
Monarhi norvegieni
Regi suedezi
Duci de Schleswig
Duci de Holstein
Casa de Oldenburg

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Head to the Hawke Estate and accept this quest from the Writing Desk. Speak with Aveline in the barracks to view a scene. After the scene take Aveline to the Docks at night. In the Eastern Warehouse District you will find Guardsman Donnic being attack by some Coterie Thugs. Help him defeat them then visit Knight-Captain Cullen at the Gallows. After talking to Cullen head to Lowtown at night and intercept Guardsman Brennan to gain information on Jeven.
Head to Darktown at night and make your way to the southern part of the area. In the talks with Jeven, choosing anything other than letting Aveline speak will result in Rivalry with her. Pick off Jeven first and loot his corpse for Cornerstone and Deflecting Joints - Guradsman Pattern . The chest holds the Hands of Glory , grab it and return to the barracks to complete the quest.


text:
Маргери́т (Маргари́та) Дюра́с ( , настоящая фамилия — Донадьё, , 4 апреля 1914, , Французский Индокитай — 3 марта 1996, , Франция) — французская писательница, сценарист, режиссёр и актриса. Награждена призом «Серебряный Медведь» Берлинского кинофестиваля (1985), номинировалась на премию «Оскар» за лучший сценарий (1961).

Ранние годы
Родилась 4 апреля 1914 года в Южном Вьетнаме, который тогда был французской колонией в составе принадлежавшего Франции Индокитая. Родители Маргерит занимались педагогической деятельностью и переехали в колонию по призыву французского правительства. Вскоре после её рождения отец, заболевший после прибытия в колонию, покинул семью и вернулся во Францию, где умер, когда Маргерит было четыре года. Мать Маргерит осталась в Индокитае с тремя детьми. Семья жила небогато.

После окончания школы, в возрасте семнадцати лет, Маргерит уехала во Францию, где изучала право, а затем работала секретарём в министерстве по делам колоний. Во время Второй мировой войны участвовала в движении Сопротивления, была членом коммунистической партии. Тогда же взяла псевдоним Дюрас (в честь родной деревни отца). В 1971 году подписала Манифест трёхсот сорока трёх за свободу абортов.

Творческая деятельность
Писать начала во время войны. Получила известность после выхода романов «Плотина против Тихого океана» (1950) и «Моряк из Гибралтара» (1952). Всего за период с 1943 по 1993 год написала тридцать четыре романа. Самым известным произведением Маргерит Дюрас является автобиографическая повесть «Любовник» (1984), за которую она была удостоена Гонкуровской премии. По этой повести в 1992 году был снят одноимённый фильм (режиссёр — Жан-Жак Анно).

Выступала также в качестве киносценариста и кинорежиссёра, поставив около двадцати фильмов. Кроме того, в нескольких фильмах она сыграла сама.

Скончалась 3 марта 1996 года в Париже, на восемьдесят втором году жизни .

Похоронена на кладбище Монпарнас.

Библиография

Романы
 Плотина против Тихого океана (Un barrage contre le Pacifique), 1950.
 Моряк из Гибралтара (Le Marin de Gibraltar), 1952.

 Летний вечер, половина одиннадцатого (Dix heures et demie du soir en été), 1960.
 Обед госпожи Андесмас (L'après-midi de monsieur Andesmas), 1960.
 Восхищение Лол Стайн (Le Ravissement de Lol V. Stein), 1964.
 Вице-консул (Le Vice-Consul), 1965.
 Английская мята (L'Amante Anglaise), 1967.
 Смертельная болезнь (La maladie de la mort), 1982.
 Любовник (L'Amant), получил Гонкуровскую премию, 1984.
 Голубые глаза, черные волосы (Les Yeux bleus Cheveux noirs), 1986.
 Любовник из северного Китая (L'Amant de la Chine du Nord), 1991.
 Orage d'une nuit d'été

Пьесы
 Целые дни напролет под деревьями (Des journées entières dans les arbres), 1954.
 Сквер (Le Square), 1955.
 Воды у леса (Les Eaux et Forêts), 1965.
 Музыка (La Musica), 1965.
 Сюзанна Андлер (Suzanna Andler), 1968.
 Yes, может быть (Yes, peut-être), 1968.
 Шага (Le Shaga), 1968.
 Un homme est venu me voir, 1968.
 Détruire, dit-elle, 1969.
 Агата (Agatha), 1981.
 Зверь в джунглях (La Bête dans la jungle), 1984
 Вторая музыка (La Musica deuxième), 1985.

Прочее

 Les Impudents, Plon, 1943.
 La Vie tranquille, Gallimard, 1944.
 Les petits chevaux de Tarquinia, Gallimard, 1953.
 Des journées entières dans les arbres, «Le Boa», «Madame Dodin», «Les Chantiers», Gallimard, 1954.
 Les Viaducs de la Seine et Oise, Gallimard, 1959.
 Хиросима, моя любовь (Hiroshima mon amour), 1960.
 Abahn Sabana David, Gallimard, 1970.
 L'Amour, Gallimard, 1971.
 Ah! Ernesto, Hatlin Quist, 1971.
 Песня Индии (India Song), 1973.
 Натали Гранже (Nathalie Granger), suivi de «La Femme du Gange» (Женщина с Ганга), Gallimard, 1973.
 Грузовик (Le Camion), suivi de «Entretien avec Michelle Porte», Les Éditions de Minuit, 1977.
 L'Eden Cinéma, Mercure de France, 1977.
 Le Navire Night, suivi de Cesarée, les Mains négatives, Aurélia Steiner, Mercure de France, 1979.
 Вера Бакстер (Vera Baxter ou les Plages de l'Atlantique), 1980.
 L'Homme assis dans le couloir, Les Éditions de Minuit, 1980.
 L'Été 80, Les Éditions de Minuit, 1980.
 Les Yeux verts, Cahiers du cinéma, n.312-313, juin 1980 et nouvelle édition, 1987.
 Outside, Albin Michel, 1981.
 L'Homme atlantique, Les Éditions de Minuit, 1982.
 Savannah Bay, Les Éditions de Minuit, 1982, 2ème edition augmentée, 1983.
 Théâtre III : -La Bête dans la jungle, d'après H. James, adaptation de J. Lord et M. Duras,-Les Papiers d'Aspern, d'après H. James, adaptation de M. Duras et R. Antelme,-La Danse de mort, d'après A. Strindberg, adaptation de M. Duras, Gallimard, 1984.
 Боль (La Douleur), 1985.
 La Pute de la côte normande, Les Éditions de Minuit, 1986.
 La Vie matérielle, POL, 1987.
 Emily L., Les Éditions de Minuit, 1987.
 La Pluie d'été, POL, 1990.
 Yann Andréa Steiner, Gallimard, 1992.
 C'est tout, POL, 1995.

Фильмография

Известные постановки
 «Целые дни напролёт под деревьями»
 1965 — режиссёр Жан-Луи Барро, театр «Одеон»: первая постановка пьесы.
 2009 — режиссёр Анатолий Васильев, в главной роли Мари Тёрёчик, Театр в Капошваре совместно с Народным театром в Будапеште

 1969 — режиссёр Таня Балашова, : первая постановка пьесы
 «Passaggio»
 1985 — режиссёр Тьерри Сальмон
 «Боль»
 2008 — Театр Нантер-Амандьер. Постановка Патриса Шеро по военным дневникам Маргерит Дюрас. Играет Доминик Блан.
 «Агата»
 2011 — Мюнхенский Каммершпиле. Постановка Джули Ван ден Берге по драме Маргерит Дюрас «Агата, или Бесконечное чтение».

Постановки в России
 «Любовь к английской мяте»
 Независимый театральный проект на сцене Театрального центра на Страстном. Режиссёр-постановщик — Владимир Агеев. Играют Наталья Фатеева, Евгений Князев, Андрей Заводюк. Премьера 14 ноября 2003 года.
 «До тебя я не знала, что можно испытывать такую страсть к незнакомому мужчине…»
 Другой Театр. По пьесе «Вторая музыка». Режиссёр-постановщик — Владимир Агеев. Играют Вера Воронкова, Олег Макаров. Премьера в мае 2008 года.
 «Шага»
 МХТ им. Чехова, постановка Мари-Луиз Бишофберже. Первый показ спектакля состоялся 27 ноября 2010 года в рамках проекта «Французский театр. Впервые на русском». Премьера репертуарного спектакля 13 апреля 2011 года. Играют Рената Литвинова, Ксения Лаврова-Глинка, Игорь Хрипунов.

Награды
 1985 Приз «Серебряный Медведь» — почетное упоминание Берлинского международного кинофестиваля — фильм «Дети»
 1985 Приз Европейской конфедерации художественного кино на Берлинском международном кинофестивале — фильм «Дети»
 1985 Приз C.I.D.A.L.C. на Берлинском международном кинофестивале — фильм «Дети»
 1985 Номинация на приз «Золотой Медведь» Берлинского международного кинофестиваля — фильм «Дети»
 1977 Номинация на приз «Золотая пальмовая ветвь» Каннского кинофестиваля — фильм «Грузовик»
 1961 Номинация на премию «Оскар» за лучший оригинальный сценарий — фильм «Хиросима, моя любовь»

Экранизации
 «Плотина против Тихого океана» (2008)
 «Любовник» (1992)

Примечания

Ссылки

 Профиль в библиотеке «Альдебаран»
 Маргерит Дюрас на сайте «les Archives du Spectacle» (фр.)
 Маргерит Дюрас на сайте «A.R.T.» — «MARGUERITE DURAS ou Un cri d'espoir et de désespérance», par Geneviève Latour avec la collaboration de Claire Deluca (фр.)
 Климова, Маруся. Последняя любовь Маргерит Дюрас: интервью с Яном Андреа // Топос. 2005. № 18 (03/11/05)
 Горяинов, Олег. Маргерит Дюрас. Политика не различения кино и литературы // Cineticle: Интернет-журнал об авторском кино. № 9.

Французские писательницы
Писатели Франции XX века
Писатели-постмодернисты
Авторы эротической литературы
Участники французского движения Сопротивления
Литераторы, известные под псевдонимами
Актёры XX века
Лауреаты Гонкуровской премии
Члены Французской коммунистической партии
Похороненные на кладбище Монпарнас
Лауреаты Австрийской государственной премии по европейской литературе


Anyone still holding out for a PS3? Well now is the perfect time to buy one.
Sony announced today at GamesCon that the system would be getting an immediate and much needed price drop to $250. Which, is only a $50 difference.
Now go pick one up and make sure to also grab the God of War collection, Uncharted 1 and 2 and LittleBigPlanet while your at it.
Also announced is a new Infamous 2 PS3 bundle available immediately. This bundle will include includes a 320 GB PlayStation 3, a copy of inFAMOUS 2, a 30-day membership to PlayStation Plus and will retail for $300.


Generation Y seeks work that is fulfilling and enables them to make a difference. Here's how to get them plugged into your organization.
How effective are your communications in engaging the youngest members of the workforce? A new global study reveals what works—and what doesn't.


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Los deportes electrónicos, también llamados ciberdeportes o esports, son competiciones de videojuegos que se han convertido en eventos de gran popularidad. Por lo general, los deportes electrónicos son competiciones de videojuegos multijugador, particularmente entre jugadores profesionales. Los géneros más comunes en los videojuegos asociados a los esports son: estrategia en tiempo real, disparos en primera persona y arenas de batalla multijugador en línea (conocido por sus siglas en inglés MOBA, videojuego multijugador de arena de batalla en línea). Torneos como The International (el torneo anual del videojuego Dota2 por la compañía Valve Corporation),  el "League of Legends World Championship" (torneo mundial del videojuego League of Legends por la compañía Riot Games), la Battle.net World Championship Series (una serie de torneos de los diversos títulos de la compañía Blizzard Entertainment), el Evolution Championship Series (evento anual que se centra exclusivamente en los juegos de lucha), la Intel Extreme Masters (serie de torneos internacionales de deportes electrónicos celebrados en diferentes países alrededor del mundo por la compañía Intel) y el Smite World Championship (campeonato mundial del videojuego Smite) entre otros, proveen al público de transmisiones en vivo de sus competiciones, así como premios monetarios y salarios a los competidores.

Aunque las competiciones siempre han formado parte de la cultura de los videojuegos, estas competiciones han experimentado un gran aumento de popularidad, tanto en participación como en audiencia, desde finales de los años 2000. Este aumento ha ido ligado al desarrollo de los videojuegos, que actualmente está enfocado en facilitar la competición entre jugadores.

En el año 2015 los títulos más exitosos en competiciones profesionales fueron Dota 2, League of Legends (ambos pertenecientes al género MOBA) y Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, un videojuego de disparos en primera persona.

Cabe destacar que existe un predominio de hombres entre los jugadores y espectadores de este tipo de deporte. Aproximadamente el 85% de los que ven los deportes electrónicos son hombres, y el 15% restantes, mujeres. El 60% de todos estos se concentran entre las edades de 18 y 34.

Historia

Historia temprana (1972-1989)
Una de las primeras competencias conocidas de videojuegos tuvo lugar el 19 de octubre de 1972 en la Universidad de Stanford para el juego Spacewar. Los estudiantes de Stanford fueron invitados al evento Intergalactic Spacewar Olympics, cuyo gran premio fue una subscripción anual a la revista Rolling Stone. Bruce Baugmant ganó el torneo de cinco jugadores, todos contra todos, así como también Tovar y Robert E. Mass ganaron la competencia en equipo. El campeonato del videojuego Space Invaders, organizado por Atari  en 1980, fue la primera competencia de videojuegos a gran escala, la cual atrajo a más de 10,000 participantes a lo largo de los Estados Unidos, estableciendo las competencias de video juegos como un hobby común.

En el verano de 1980, Walter Day fundó una organización, encargada de registrar los puntajes más altos, llamada Twin Galaxies. La organización se dedicó a ayudar a promover los videojuegos y publicar sus registros a través de publicaciones como El libro Guinness de los récords, y en 1983 creó el Equipo Nacional de Estados Unidos de videojuegos. Este equipo estuvo implicado en competencias como el torneo de Video Game Masters, para entrar en El libro Guiness de los récords.

Durante las décadas de 1970 y 1980, los jugadores de video juegos y los torneos comenzaron a aparecer en sitios de internet y revistas populares como Life y Time. Uno de los jugadores de juegos de arcade más reconocidos es Billy Mitchell, conocido por retener récords de altos puntajes en seis juegos diferentes, incluyendo Pac-Man y Donkey Kong, siendo registrados en la edición de 1985 de El libro Guiness de los récords. Durante este periodo se transmitieron por televisión eventos de esports, incluido el programa Starcade, el cual se llevó a cabo entre 1982 y 1984, transmitiendo un total de 133 episodios, en los cuales los concursantes intentarían batir los puntajes altos de sus contrincantes en juegos de arcade. Un torneo de videojuegos fue incluido como parte de un programa de televisión, llamado That's Incredible!, y los torneos fueron destacados por ser parte de la trama de varias películas, como por ejemplo, TRON de 1982.

Videojuegos en línea (1990-1999)
En los 90s, los videojuegos se beneficiaron del incremento de las conexiones a Internet, especialmente los juegos de PC. Por ejemplo, en 1988, Netrek fue un juego de Internet para 16 jugadores. Este fue el tercer videojuego de Internet, así como también el primer juego en usar metaservidores y en tener información de los usuarios persistentes. En 1993, Netrek fue reconocido por la revista Wired como «el primer deporte en línea de videojuegos».

Tuvieron lugar grandes torneos de esports en la década de 1990, incluido el Campeonato Mundial de Nintendo de 1990, el cual fue celebrado en varias partes de Estados Unidos, teniendo su final en los Universal Studios Hollywood en California. Nintendo tuvo un segundo campeonato mundial en 1994, llamado Nintendo PowerFest '94, donde asistieron 132 finalistas que jugaron la final en San Diego (California), quedando Mike Larossi como ganador del primer premio. Blockbuster Video también tuvo su propio campeonato mundial de videojuegos a principios de 1990, co-organizado por la revista GamePro. Los ciudadanos de Estados Unidos, Canadá, Reino Unido, Australia y Chile fueron los que pudieron presentarse para competir. Los juegos de los campeonatos de 1994 incluían títulos como NBA Jam y Virtua Racing.

Los shows de televisión que transmitieron esports durante este periodo fueron los programas televisivos británicos GamesMaster y Bad Influence!, al igual que el programa australiano A*mazing, que mostraba a dos niños compitiendo en varios juegos de Nintendo para ganar puntos.

Algunos torneos que se llevaron a cabo a finales de los 90s fueron el Cyberathlete Professional League (CPL), QuakeCon, y la Professional Gamers League. Los videojuegos que se jugaron en el CPL incluían las series de Counter-Strike, Quake y Warcraft.

Con la llegada de Starcraft en 1998 (comparado desfavorablemente en 1996 con Warcraft II en su presentación en la E3), los esports comenzaron a estar en alza en algunas regiones del mundo, mayormente en Asia. Corea se asentó como la "cuna de los esports" debido a la gran popularidad de torneos del icónico juego desarrollado por Blizzard Entertainment.

Situación actual (2000- presente)

Corea del Sur ha establecido diferentes organizaciones en los esports, licenciando a jugadores profesionales desde el año 2000. El reconocimiento de las competiciones de deportes electrónicos fuera de Corea del Sur fue llegando más lentamente. Además de Corea del Sur, la mayoría de las competiciones ocurren en Europa, Norteamérica y China. En Japón, a pesar de su gran mercado de videojuegos, los esports se encuentran relativamente poco desarrollados, debido gran parte a sus leyes contra el juego o las apuestas.

The International, el torneo de Dota 2 lanzado en 2011, es el torneo de esports con mayores premios, superando los 40 millones USD en la edición del 2021.

En el año 2013, el canadiense Danny "Shiphtur" Le se convirtió en el primer jugador profesional de League of Legends en recibir un visado P-1A de Estados Unidos, categoría para los atletas reconocidos internacionalmente.

Se estima que en el 2013, aproximadamente 71.5 millones de personas alrededor del mundo veían competiciones de deportes electrónicos. La gran disponibilidad de plataformas para la transmisión en línea, en particular Twitch.tv, ha sido clave para el crecimiento y la promoción de las competiciones de esports.

En el 2015, el mercado global de los esports generó ingresos de 325 millones de dólares y se espera que para finales de este año la cantidad de ingresos sea de 493 millones. La audiencia global de los deportes electrónicos en 2015 fue de 226 millones de personas.

Los juegos competitivos más jugados y más populares en 2016 fueron League of Legends, Dota 2 y Counter Strike:Global Offensive.

El juego competitivo con mayor premio fue The International 2016, por parte del juego Dota 2, con un premio total a repartir de 20.7 millones de dólares, de los que más de 9 millones se los llevó el equipo ganador, Wings Gaming.

En 2017, los esports eran un mercado que crecía más del 40% anual en el mundo y superaba los 500 millones en ventas, provocando que cada vez más empresas patrocinaran estas competiciones y que los medios de comunicación hicieran un mayor seguimiento de este deporte. Específicamente, el mercado global de esports alcanzó una facturación de 696 millones de dólares en todo el mundo

En 2018, se decía que los esports, esas macrocompeticiones de videojuegos que ahora están en boca de todos, habían llegado para quedarse. Tanto es así que en 2018 se generaron más de 900 millones de ingresos en todo el mundo. En concreto, 905,6 millones de dólares, un 38% más que en 2017.

De estos beneficios, el 77% se produjo por publicidad directa (anuncios y patrocinios), porque las marcas invirtieron 694 millones en promocionar esta industria. También se ingresaron cerca de 161 millones relativos a derechos de medios y licencias de contenido, así como en el gasto de entradas, que generaron otros 96 millones. El boom causado por las competiciones de Fortnite empezó a generar grandes visualizaciones con streamers como Ninja o Tfue, aportando gran visibilidad al juego la competición del Pro-Am E3, celebrada el 13 junio, que reunió 50 famosos y 50 jugadores profesionales o la primera competición exclusivamente de jugadores profesionales a nivel Europea celebrada el 29 de septiembre en Oslo (Polaris Lan Pro Series), contando con equipos como Gambit Esports, Team Atlantis, Team Liquid, Cometa Team o Method. El Juego por excelencia de los esports en 2018 siguió siendo League of Legends, y la competición por excelencia continuaba siendo la League of Legends Championship Series, con Team Liquid como campeón de la competición. El segundo juego desbancando a Dota2 es Counter Strike:Global Offensive, con competiciones como la Eleague Major, contando con equipos cómo Astralis, Cloud9 o FaZe.

En 2019 los esport seguían con un excelente crecimiento. Los datos de los videojuegos y los esports, han anunciado que los deportes electrónicos ya son milmillonarios en 2019. Solo en España se generó una ganancia de más de 35 millones de euros. Los ingresos durante ese año crecieron un 26,7% con respecto a 2018, situando la cifra por encima de los 1000 millones de dólares, en concreto 1096.

Sin embargo, a pesar de la cuantía de los números y la situación aparentemente boyante de los esports, el crecimiento porcentual en 2019 con respecto a 2018 es menor que el del primero comparado con 2017. En los anteriores 12 meses, el incremento se produjo en un 32%, algo más que el 26,7 previsto para este año.

Tres juegos luchan por el premio al más influyente de 2019. Este año, League of Legends, Fortnite y Counter-Strike: Global Offensive comparten el liderato en un top de juegos de ordenador. En el verano de este año se celebró el primer mundial de Fortnite, con más de 100 millones de dólares gastados en premios durante todo el evento. El ganador en modalidad de sólo fue Kyle Giersdorf, más conocido como Bugha, embolsándose 3 millones de dólares. En la final del mundial de League of Legends fue FunPlus Phoenix quien se alzó con el título tras ganar a G2 Esports en la final. En Counter-Strike: Global Offensive es Astralis quien se alza como campeón de la Eleague Major

Juegos Olímpicos

2017, tras el crecimiento exponencial de los esports en el mundo, se empieza a considerar la posibilidad de ver las competiciones de esport como un evento de medalla para los Juegos Olímpicos de París en 2024. El Comité Olímpico Internacional deberá tomar una decisión final después de los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio de 2021. El copresidente de la Comisión, Tony Estanguet, expresó un gran interés en la posibilidad de ver el esport en los Juegos Olímpicos, especialmente dado el gran número de espectadores entre los millennials y las generaciones más jóvenes. En agosto de 2018, el CEO de Logitech, Bracken P. Darrell, dijo: "Creo que es inevitable, creo que formarán parte de los Juegos Olímpicos [...] y haré otra predicción. Creo que será el deporte más grande del mundo". Pero resultó ser una oportunidad hundida unos meses después por el DOSB (Comité Olímpico Alemán): el presidente Thomas Bach destacó que los Juegos Olímpicos nunca considerarían los esports como parte de ellos en la situación actual por ser un deporte/ juego que promueve la violencia y la discriminación. Por el contrario, DOSB también ha declarado que los esports ni siquiera pueden considerarse una actividad deportiva, ni deberían llamarse esports, sino eGaming.

Plataformas de transmisión

Twitch, YouTube y Facebook son las principales plataformas de transmisión de competiciones de esports en Occidente. Anteriormente se destacó también Mixer, que operó desde 2016 hasta 2020. En China se destacan Huya Live y Douyu.

En Twitch se transmiten los campeonatos oficiales de ESL desde 2009, League of Legends desde 2012, Rocket League desde 2016, Blizzard desde 2017, y Fortnite Battle Royale desde 2017.

La Liga de Videojuegos Profesional se emite en España por Ubeat; anteriormente se emitía en Latinoamérica por Movistar eSports Ubeat.

La Liga Latinoamérica de League of Legends se emite en TV Azteca.

Free Fire League Latinoamérica se emite en Twitch, YouTube, Facebook, además en los canales TV Abierta y TV Cable y también por servicio de streaming Star+.

Videojuegos en el deporte electrónico

Los videojuegos han mostrado la parte competitiva de los usuarios, lo que lleva a la búsqueda de los mejores jugadores dentro del mismo. Sin embargo, estos juegos han salido adelante en poca cantidad; únicamente los que son éxitos comerciales pueden dedicarse a premiar a sus participantes y si el juego permite mecánicas.

Los deportes electrónicos se ha vuelto tan populares que miles de millones de usuarios están viendo a otros jugar algunos como League of Legends. Debido a la popularidad de estos juegos, los más interesados usan análisis de datos para predecir mejores jugadores y el resultado de varios juegos en línea, como League of Legends. Esto es posible debido a la gran cantidad de juegos en línea que se juegan todos los días (League of Legends se reportaron 67 millones de jugadores activos mensuales en todo el mundo en 2014).

Lista torneos por videojuego
A continuación se listarán los torneos mundiales más importantes y sus campeones realizados en diversas sagas de juegos o géneros de juego de alta competitividad. Los torneos de varios juegos más destacados son la Copa Mundial de esports y los World Cyber Games. También hay otros torneos especializados destacados como el Campeonato Mundial de League of Legends o la Copa Mundial Interactiva de la FIFA.

Fútbol: FIFA

Sumando todos los torneos, el más laureado es el francés Bruce Grannec, el cual se hizo con 4 títulos (2 Copas Mundiales Interactivas de la FIFA y 2 Copas Mundiales de Deportes Electrónicos), seguido por los alemanes Daniel Schellhase, Dennis Schellhase y Kai Wollin, el español Alfonso Ramos, el danés August Rosenmeier de PSG Esports, y el francés Rachid Tebane todos con 2 títulos. Alemania es el país con más títulos.La lista a continuación no muestra los resultados de la FIWC, para los resultados de la Copa Mundial Interactiva de la FIFA, véase el Artículo Principal.

MOBA

Dota2

League of Legends World Championship
SK Telecom 1 es el equipo más destacado, habiendo ganado 3 títulos.

Otros torneos
Incluye Dota, League of Legends, Hearthstone y Heroes of the Storm, no está incluido en la tabla el SMITE (SMITE WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP).

Videojuegos de lucha
Se destaca la Evolution Championship Series, la cual es exclusivamente para juegos de lucha. Para ver sus resultados, véase el Artículo Principal. El jugador más destacado es el estadounidense Justin Wong, quien obtuvo 9 títulos en total (8 EVOs y 1 ESWCs). Otros jugadores destacados son el japonés Daigo Umehara, con 7 títulos, el estadounidense Dominique McLean, con 4, los japoneses Hiromiki Kumada, Keita Ai y el surcoreano Jae-Min Bae, todos con 3. Por último, aparecen el francés Olivier Hay y el británico Ryan Hart, todos con 2.

Videojuegos de disparos en primera persona

Overwatch League

CSGO Major Championship

Automovilismo
Destaca la APEC Online Racing League, que se concentra en videojuegos de Fórmula 1.

Otros torneos
Incluye Quake, Counter-Strike, Unreal Tournament, Total war: Arena,

Véase también

Referencias


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Q: how to find out the 50% 75% and 90% point in cumulative distribution function in R I have a huge amount of data and I used ecdf function in R to calculate the cumulative distribution function. However, I can't figure out how can I get the 50% or 75% point in this function.
For example,
0.5 = Fn(x)
How can I find the x value or is there any way to print out the function directly in R rather than draw the graph.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Home / Romania
The largest of the Balkan countries, Romanian terrain has dramatic mountains and a coastline on the Black Sea. After World War II the country fell under Communist rule, eventually leading to Communist leader and dictator Nicolae Ceausescu's iron fist reigning over the country until his downfall on Christmas Day 1989.
The River Danube, Europe's second-longest river, empties into Romania's Danube Delta. The Carpathian Mountains, which cross Romania from the north to the southwest, include Moldoveanu Peak, at an altitude of 2,544 m (8,346 ft). Its climate is temperate and continental, with four distinct seasons.
With a population of over 20 million people, the largest ethnicity is Hungarians, followed by Hungarians at 6.1% and the Roma, at 3.0% of the population. Their official language is Romanian and although formally a secular state, the majority of the population consider themselves Christians. Among famous Romanians is Romanian-born Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel, who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986.
Intermediate 60.5%
Less than Basic 0%
Advanced 7.9%

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As the end of Moore's law seems closer than ever, researchers are exploring new approaches to computing that can move beyond the traditional von Neumann architecture, which is the architecture that powers pretty much every conventional computer and smart device available today. In the traditional von Neumann architecture, a powerful logic core (central processing unit; CPU) operates sequentiually on data fetched from memory. This concept is very powerful, as we have seen it scale to systems with 3,120,000 cores and 1.34 pebibyte of memory (more than a million GB) in the case of Tianhe-2. The memory contains both data and instructions, and the CPU may both fetch instructions from the memory and perform (e.g.) arithmetic operations on the data, but it can't do both at the same time. All instructions and data are represented with ones and zeroes, and every program we write is essentially executed in a sequential manner. Sure, if you have multiple CPUs you can run multiple programs in parallel, and deep down instructions might be pipelined, but at the end of the day every machine instruction is executed with (a variant of) the same sequential recipe: You fetch and decode an instruction, you execute it, and you make a memory update.
Biological brains on the other hand, work completely different. In fact, we're still not quite sure how they work (consciousness, anyone?). What we do know is that they distribute computation and memory among up to 100 billion of relatively simple and noisy processing units (neurons), each highly interconnected with thousands of connections (synapses). Memory is not located in one particular place in the brain, but is instead a brain-wide process in which several different areas of the brain operate in concert with one another. In fact, 66% of all possible inter-areal connections actually exist in the brain! We can find hierarchies (e.g., the visual stream), modules, and functional specification (e.g., an area that predominantly recognizes faces), but this might be an oversimplifcation still. Neurons communicate with each other through spikes (an all-or-nothing digital event), but over time these spikes can give rise to an analog signal (neuronal firing rate), where the exact timing of these spikes might play a role as well. You can't tell what a brain is doing by simply looking at a single neuron (population coding). You can even kill off single neurons without affecting brain processing much (but that doesn't mean you should go get black-out drunk every weekend).
Overall, brains are remarkably complex, fault-tolerant, and efficient. Brains help us survive, adapt, and predict, yet they consume no more than 13-15 watts of power. This makes brains 8-9 orders of magnitude more efficient than digital computers!
So what if we could extract the computational principles that make brains so powerful, and build a computer based on them?
Researchers have long recognized the extraordinary energy stinginess of biological computing, most clearly in a visionary 1990 paper by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)'s Carver Mead that established the term "neuromorphic", which at the time was a rather futuristic-sounding vision of a "brain chip" that could mimic the brain's structure and processing ability in silicon—quickly learning and chewing on data as fast as it could be generated.
Since then, a number of neuromorphic computing platforms have popped up all over the place, based on a wide variety of architectures and visions, including custom ASICs, FPGAs, ARM, GPUs, and other non-standard CPU cores. Although their approach may vary, their goal is the same—the delivery of a revolution in computing based on a chip that operates on the same principles as the brain.
Last week neuromorphic computing took another step forward with a workshop being offered to users from academia, industry and education interested in using two European neuromorphic systems that have been years in development and are coming online for broader use—the BrainScaleS system launching at the Kirchhoff Institute for Physics of Heidelberg University and SpiNNaker, a complementary approach and similarly sized system at the University of Manchester. Both are part of the Human Brain Project, originally funded by the European Commission's Future Emerging Technologies program (2005–2015). The complete workshop stream can be watched on YouTube.
BrainScaleS and SpiNNaker take different tacks for modeling neuron activity. One approach is to use traditional wafer-scale analog very large scale integration (VLSI) circuits—like the chips being developed by the BrainScaleS. Each 20-cm-diameter silicon wafer contains 384 chips, each of which implements 128,000 synapses and up to 512 spiking neurons. This gives a total of around 200,000 neurons and 49 million synapses per wafer. These VLSI models operate considerably faster than the biological originals and allow the emulated neural networks to evolve tens-of-thousands times quicker than real time. Leader of the BrainScaleS project, Prof. Dr. Karlheinz Meier (Heidelberg University) explains, "The BrainScaleS system goes beyond the paradigms of a Turing machine and the von Neumann architecture. It is neither executing a sequence of instructions nor is it constructed as a system of physically separated computing and memory units. It is rather a direct, silicon based image of the neuronal networks found in nature, realizing cells, connections and inter-cell communications by means of modern analogue and digital microelectronics."
Conversely, SpiNNaker's architecture closely links a very large number of digital cores (also fast, and in this case, also energy efficient). It will exhibit massive parallelism and resilience to failure of individual components. With more than one million cores, and one thousand simulated neurons per core, SpinNNaker should be capable of simulating one billion neurons in real-time. This equates to a little over one percent of the human brain's estimated 85 billion neurons.
Steve Furber, a professor at the University of Manchester and a co-designer of the ARM chip architecture, leads the SpiNNaker team. SpiNNaker is a contrived acronym derived from Spiking Neural Network Architecture. The machine consists of 57,600 identical 18-core processors, giving it 1,036,800 ARM968 cores in total. The die is fabricated by United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC) on a 130 nm CMOS process. Each System-in-Package (SiP) node has an on-board router to form links with its neighbors, as well as 128 Mbyte off-die SDRAM to hold synaptic weights.
Most prominent in the U.S. is IBM Research's TrueNorth Chip, envisioned by IBM fellow and chief scientist for brain-inspired computing, Dharmendra Modha. The TrueNorth chip, introduced in August 2014, is a neuromorphic CMOS chip that consists of 4,096 hardware cores, each one simulating 256 programmable silicon "neurons" for a total of just over a million neurons. Each neuron has 256 programmable synapses which convey the signals between them. Hence, the total number of programmable synapses is just over 268 million. In terms of basic building blocks, its transistor count is 5.4 billion.
Recently, Modha's group revealed the world's first 1 million-neuron evaluation platform for mobile applications (NS1e). This week, they took another step forward by demomstrating the first 16 million-neuron scale-out system (NS1e-16) assembled using 16 instances of the NS1e board along with supporting periphery, which includes a host server, network router, power supervisors, and other components. The system possesses the equivalent of 16 million neurons and 4 billion synapses (about the size of a frog brain), but consumes the energy equivalent of a tablet computer—a mere 2.5 watts of power.
BrainScaleS, SpiNNaker, and TrueNorth are just three examples of many ongoing neuromorphic projects. Other projects to look out for include Stanford's Neurogrid, ETH Zurich/University of Zurich's VLSI-based Neuromorphic Cognitive Systems, efforts from smaller endeavors such as BrainCorp and BrainChip, and many more to come.
However, turning these platforms into commercial products or more general-purpose computing machines remains challenging. The problem seems to be that there really is no "general" purpose as of yet: All of these devices are built with their own specific application in mind, resulting in their own hardware approach and programming environment. For example, some of these devices were built to model the brain as closely as possible (e.g., BrainScales, Neurogrid), whereas others do not so much care about neurobiological fidelity and instead focus on solving computer science-related challenges (e.g., TrueNorth). Adapting these platforms for a general audience will be key for future commercial success. And how do you program a neuromorphic supercomputer anyway?
The singularity might not be around the corner just yet, but the field is making rapid progress towards a new generation of general-purpose brain-inspired computing. The first complete, commercially available TrueNorth system was just sold to Brian van Essen's team at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Van Essen sees neurosynaptic chips playing two key roles in the high-performance computing world of the future: "First, because the chips are designed to be integrated with one another, and, essentially, operate like one large processor, computer scientists will be able to build massive computers by adding more processors—enabling them to take on very large computing tasks", he explains on the IBM Blog. "Second, I believe that many of the high-performance systems of the future will possess a variety of computing capabilities so they can take on complex tasks. A neurosynaptic system focusing on pattern recognition and deep learning could be a component of a larger system on the road to exascale supercomputers."


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Home Health Relationships
Meet the Platonic Parents Who Are Redefining What It Means To Be a Family in Canada
By Megan Jones, Reader's Digest CanadaUpdated: Oct. 04, 2018
Lynda Collins and Natasha Bakht are friends, colleagues and platonic parents. Together, they're redefining what it means to be a family in Canada
Photo: Jessica Deeks
Meet the Platonic Parents
On a sunny afternoon this past May, Lynda Collins and Natasha Bakht are out for a stroll with their son, Elaan. The seven-year-old, who has severe disabilities, uses a walker, and he smiles as its wheels click along the sidewalk of the family's downtown Ottawa block. A couple of neighbours wave. As the trio passes by a daycare, a woman who is supervising outdoor playtime calls out a hello.
When Elaan slows, the women take turns perking him up. Bakht, 45, guides him gently, while Collins, 42, stands in front and makes sounds ("Whoosh!") or calls him by one of his many nicknames (Munchkin, Moopsie) to encourage him to come towards her. It's a windy day, one of Elaan's favourite times to be outside. Whenever the breeze becomes blustery, he breaks into a smile and rolls forward with it.
A stranger walking by might assume Collins and Bakht are a couple. But the two women have never been romantic partners. Instead, the "co-mamas," as they call themselves, have redefined what an institutionally recognized family can look like in Canada. After an Ontario court granted them a legal declaration of parentage in November 2016, they became the first two people in the country to officially co-parent a child platonically. The declaration cemented what anyone close to them had long known: they, along with Elaan, are inseparable.
Bakht and Collins didn't plan to become a family. In fact, they weren't particularly close before 2009, when Bakht got pregnant through assisted reproductive technology using an anonymous sperm donor. At the time, the women—both law professors at the University of Ottawa—had been friends and colleagues going on three years.
Collins, who has a soft spot for babies, asked if she could be Bakht's birth coach, and they grew closer while prepping for Elaan's arrival.
Heather McLeod-Kilmurray, a mutual friend and colleague, watched the women's connection take shape. "They were so excited for the baby," she says, and it was clear from the beginning that they complemented each other. "Lynda is the most positive person and is brimming with enthusiasm, but she can also be a bit of a worrier," says McLeod-Kilmurray. "Natasha is very professional and put together. She tackles challenging issues without worrying but benefits from Lynda's optimism."
In February 2010, Elaan was born by emergency C-section. He was beautiful and fragile, weighing just 4 pounds, 13 ounces. Collins was the first person to see him. From that point on, "she couldn't really stay away," Bakht says, laughing.
Soon after the birth, Bakht left for Toronto to stay with family during her maternity leave. Collins visited monthly and talked with Bakht nearly every day, but she missed Elaan terribly. "I must have spent $100 on iTunes sending him songs that I loved that I thought would make him happy," she says.
When Bakht returned to Ottawa 10 months later, it had become clear that Elaan would have significant medical needs. He was eventually diagnosed with periventricular leukomalacia—essentially, portions of his brain are dead—leading to limited verbal and motor skills. He also suffers from frequent seizures and asthma. As a baby, he would often scream in pain as his mother ferried him to appointments, sometimes straining so hard that he'd vomit or burst blood vessels in his eyes. Bakht found herself overwhelmed.
"One day I said to Lynda, I don't know how I'm going to do this by myself," she recalls.
Maybe it was because she remembered how much she'd missed Elaan during their time apart, but Collins didn't hesitate before responding.
"You don't need to. I'm here."
Life as Platonic Parents
There were small signs at first. By 2011, Collins was at Bakht's place every day; she eventually decided it was easier to move into the neighbourhood and then the same apartment building. When Elaan was two, he was hospitalized unexpectedly. Collins was scheduled to speak on a panel in a different city. She cancelled immediately.
Still, they didn't recognize their emerging dynamic until someone else pointed it out. In 2013, the friends were having dinner with a colleague at Bakht's apartment, and Collins mentioned that she lived elsewhere. The guest was confused—she'd assumed her co-workers were dating. If they weren't a couple, what were they? The pair explained their situation and were thrilled when they heard their colleague's nonchalant reply: "Oh," she said. "So you're a family."
Nevertheless, it took some time before Collins saw herself as a mother. She had begun to consider adopting a child of her own but worried she might not be able to handle single parenthood.
One day in 2014, while hiking in nearby Gatineau Park, she had a realization. "I thought, Why would I adopt a stranger when I already have Elaan? It was a moment of clarity."
She wasted no time. Later that evening, while she and Bakht were feeding Elaan, Collins asked her friend the question: How would you feel about me adopting your son? After sitting in silence for a while, Bakht blurted out, "Yes." Collins had, after all, been mothering Elaan for years, and it was obvious that he related to her as a parent.
It would be nearly two more years before Collins received formal recognition. The legal process was fairly smooth; life provided the hurdles. First, Elaan was in and out of hospital, then Collins's grandmother was dying. Gathering the required testimonies from friends, colleagues and Elaan's support network took time. But in April 2016, the pair submitted their application to the Ontario Court of Justice, and seven months later, they received their declaration of parentage.
While their case was the first of its kind, it didn't set a legal precedent. Soon after the declaration, Ontario passed the All Families Are Equal Act, designed to make parentage for people who were using assisted reproduction easier. The new act meant Collins and Bakht's case was impossible to repeat. It stipulates that individuals need to form the intent to parent before conception. As a result, platonic parents who decide to form a family after a child is conceived would likely have to go through their own court proceedings.
Collins and Bakht wish this weren't so. While they believe the act was well intentioned and progressive, they don't think would-be parents should be limited by timing. Still, they hope their case will act as a social precedent, making the legal process less intimidating for the next set of platonic parents.
Explore The Surprising Science Behind Friendship!
What's Next for These Platonic Parents?
Platonic parenting as a concept isn't new—think of a grandmother helping to raise her grandchild—but most of the research on the subject focuses on former couples parenting together. As such, it's impossible to pinpoint how many people are informally involved in arrangements like Collins and Bakht's. However, sites such as Coparents.com, which match strangers with prospective sperm donors, as well as platonic partners looking to start families, point to a growing trend. Coparents.com has 88,000 registered users worldwide; a similar site called Modamily.com has 2,500 Canadian users.
Bakht is pleased people are opening up to the idea of co-parenting. While many single parents thrive, she likes the idea that those who want assistance might secure it without having to also find a romantic partner. Collins's help has allowed her to become a better mother, she says. Practically, having a second parent has doubled Elaan's insurance coverage, which has been crucial, given his medical needs. Emotionally, raising a child with a disability can be demanding; whenever Bakht gets frustrated, her pal can step in.
Both women have also gained support from each other's extended families. "The legal co-parenting changed things only in law," Collins's father, Frank, says. "Elaan has been a child and a grandchild to us all from the beginning."
"Lynda loves referring to herself as his mother," he says. "Having a child in her life has added a dimension that maybe she didn't even realize had been missing."
In the evenings, Collins takes out her acoustic guitar so the moms can sing for Elaan—kids' songs like "Baa Baa Black Sheep" or classics like "Lean on Me." On the weekends, they visit the playground to gently rock on a swing. Often, the friends trade nerdy law jokes, and Elaan cracks up at the sound of their laughter.
Their life may be sweet, but it's not uncomplicated. Neither mother has ruled out a serious relationship, for example, and both understand this will likely be a point of negotiation in the future. "Anybody coming in has to recognize that they don't only get me and the child, but his other mother," Bakht says.
The friends experience prosaic moments of conflict, over parenting or simply when one of them forgets to wipe down the sink. In times of irritation, they give each other space, then communicate. "We're quick to turn things around," Bakht says. "Neither of us likes that angry feeling—"
"It's awful," Collins jumps in. (The women often finish one another's thoughts.) "We can't function without each other, so it's not like we could be mad for long."
In May, Bakht and Collins threw a big party to celebrate their family's official status, packing approximately 100 people into a community-centre gymnasium for an afternoon of dancing and Indian food. Loved ones pushed Elaan around in his wheelchair to the music, a playlist curated by Collins weeks in advance. (She made sure to include Sister Sledge's "We Are Family.")
Towards the end of the gathering, the two women made speeches, thanking their guests and, eventually, each other. "I won't pretend to have the words to properly convey what you mean to me," Collins told Bakht. "Your kindness, generosity, light-heartedness, brilliance and resilient good humour have taught me so much and brought so much joy into my life. And by sharing your son, you made me a mother. 'Thank you' seems a little inadequate. So I'll just plan to spend the rest of my life making both of you happy."
Are you breaching social etiquette without even realizing it? Here are 6 Things You Should Never Say to a Single Friend!
Originally Published in Reader's Digest Canada


Bruce Robertson helped lead Canada onto the world swimming stage in the 1970s. An active swimmer since the age of five, he joined the Canadian Dolphin Swim Club in 1969. He achieved his first major international success as a teenager in 1971 when he travelled to Leeds, England, and won the 100m butterfly at the British national championships. This distance was to become his specialty and, by the end of 1972, he was ranked number two in the world. However, the number one swimmer was a hard act to follow. At the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, Robertson swam against American Mark Spitz, who was on his way to a record seven gold medals. Robertson finished second and added a bronze medal in the medley relay. A year later, however, it was Robertson's turn to stand atop the victory podium. Having already been named Canada's outstanding male swimmer for 1972, he won the 100m butterfly at the U.S. national championships before traveling to Belgrade, Yugoslavia, for the World Aquatic Championships. At these first-ever world championships, Robertson won Canada's only gold medal (in the 100m butterfly) and led the charge for a bronze medal in the medley relay, entering the water with Canada in seventh-place and swimming his team into third over his 100m. To cap off his competitive season, Robertson shared the Norton H. Crow Award as Canada's male athlete of the year with water skier George Athans. Robertson continued to be a leading member of Canada's international swim team. At the 1974 Commonwealth Games in Christchurch, New Zealand, he led all Canadian athletes with six medals, including two relay gold medals, two silver and two bronze medals. He was again named Canada's outstanding male swimmer and began the year by being made a member of the Order of Canada. The next year, Robertson came close to duplicating his World Championship medals of two years earlier but finished just off the podium with fourth place finishes in both the 100m butterfly and medley relay events. He did, however, leave the Mexico City Pan-American Games with five medals, three relay silver medals, and two individual bronze medals. Robertson continued his international career into 1976 where he represented Canada at the Montreal Olympics. He returned to Simon Fraser University after the Olympics and continued to swim in intercollegiate competition. Since his five-year run as one of the world's top swimmers, Robertson has remained involved in international sport. He has swum at the master's level and brought his professional experience as a chartered accountant and consultant to sport administration. He is currently Vice-President of the Commonwealth Games Foundation, an ex-officio member of the Board of Commonwealth Games Canada and a member of the Board of the Commonwealth Games Foundation.


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Anopheles (Cellia) karwari is a species complex of zoophilic mosquito belonging to the genus Anopheles. It is found in India, and Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Sumatra, and Java. A. karwari is a member of the Maculatus Group and the second scarcest species reported from Indonesia. Female is blood sucking and involved in transmitting Plasmodium falciparum, thus an important malarial vector. It is considered a secondary vector in the Australian region, but its vectorial status in South-East Asia was unknown.

Ecology
The species is found from both natural and man-made shady areas including marshes, small, slow-moving streams, seepages, ground and rock pools, springs, and rice fields.

References

External links

karwari
Insects described in 1903


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Honda CBR250R Motorcycle Review
I wanted a new fuel injected motorcycle but I didn't want to spend an arm and a leg. At the time I owned three carbureted motorcycles and it seemed that no matter what measures I took, after a season or two the carburetors would get varnished up and I would spend half the riding season cleaning the carburetors!
Here in Ohio, we have about a six month riding season with the other six months the motorcycles are in storage. My hopes are that with a fuel injected motorcycle I will not have the same fuel system problems after being in storage as the fuel does not sit in the float bowl like in a carbureted motorcycle.
My motorcycle storage ritual
As mentioned, in Ohio the riding season is about six months long which means the other six months the motorcycles are in storage. Here is what I do to my carbureted motorcycles to prepare them for the long winter:
1. Top off the fuel in the tank, add the appropriate amount of fuel stabilizer then ride the motorcycle for at least five minutes.
2. While the motorcycle is still running, I turn the fuel petcock to off. On motorcycles that use the vacuum to open the fuel petcock, I remove vacuum line. I then run the motorcycle until it stalls thereby using up all of the fuel in the carburetor float bowl(s). I leave the fuel petcock off all winter.
3. Remove the battery, put it in my basement, every two weeks connect the Battery Tender to top off the battery.
4. When it is time for riding season I remove the fuel from season's past and replace it with fresh fuel. The old fuel gets recycled in my lawn tractor whose simple carburetor is more forgiving.
Back to my story
One of my requisites was that I used the proceeds of the sale of my carbureted motorcycles to finance the new fuel injected one. But what could I purchase for $6,000? I was considering the 500cc Royal Enfield but it was slightly more than I was willing to pay.
I was also considering the Hyosung GT250R but the model year I was looking at had quality issues. The Kawasaki Ninja 250 looked promising until I looked at the specs and it indicated that it was still carbureted (for the United States market). Enter the new exciting Honda CBR250R that was brand new to the United States market!
What is a Honda CBR250R?
The CBR250R is a 250cc single cylinder sportbike made by Honda. It was intended for the Indian and Thai markets but is now sold worldwide including the United States. The CBR250R fairing was closely styled after the larger Honda VFR1200F with it's Y shaped cowl and its new layered fairing look. While in motion it is hard to distinguish the CBR250R from the larger VFR.
The CBR250R sports innovations found in much more expensive motorcycles like a fuel injected, liquid cooled, engine. In addition, analog tach and digital speedo, front and rear disc brakes, with anti-lock brakes as an option. All for the low MSRP of $4,199!
Honda Video of the CBR250R in action!
The CBR Heritage
The Honda CBR is a series of Honda sportbikes which descended from the Honda CB series, models that end in "RR" are sold as Race Replica which indicates that the model sold to the public is close to what is used in SuperBike professional racing, while models ending in "R" are sold as Replica or just as a Sport Bike.
CBR models typically have inline engines with the cylinders oriented from left to right if you were sitting on the motorcycle. The CBR250R only has a single cylinder so that sort of breaks of the mold of the CBR series.
The first of the CBR line
The 1987 Honda CBR600F, know was the Hurricane in the United States, was the first to have the "CBR" designation. The original CBR600F (1987) was Honda's first inline four-cylinder sportbike with a full fairing.
It had a liquid cooled 85 horsepower DOHC 16 valve four cylinder (four stroke) engine coupled to a six speed transmission. This was the beginning of a line of the CBR600F series. I owned a 1998 Honda CBR600F3 and it was a lot of bike for the money!
The CB Heritage
The CB series is one of Honda's longest and most successful line of motorcycles. All CB series motorcycle sport an inline engine.
The first of the CB line
The 1961 Honda CB77, also know as the SuperHawk is the first motorcycle of the CB series. It is remembered as Honda's first sportbike. The CB77 had twin air cooled 305cc engine which was considered big for a Japanese motorcycle at the time.
The design of the CB77 gave birth to the standard UJM (Universal Japanese Motorcycle) style of the time. I took my motorcycle drivers test on a 1979 CB650. It was a stable and reliable motorcycle to learn on and is why I prefer Honda motorcycles even now.
My Honda CBR250R review, drum roll please!
As mentioned, I have been riding on and off for about 15 years, my biggest motorcycle was a 1978 Honda Goldwing (1000cc) and my smallest bike was a 1998 Honda CBR600F3 (600cc). I have owned motorcycles from all major Japanese motorcycle manufacturers (Honda, Kawasaki, Suzuki, Yamaha) with as least several motorcycles in my stables at any given time.
What can I say, this motorcycle is a blast to ride and has renewed my interest in motorcycling again! First of all, the seat height is comparable to most sportbikes and was comfortable for someone with my body build (180 pounds) and height (5,8) to ride.
The first thing I noticed when starting the motorcycle for the first time was how little vibration I felt when touching the bike. How can this be? After all, this is a "thumper", a single cylinder motorcycle.
The secret is the counterbalance shaft which gives it a smoothness of a multi-cylinder bike. The riding position is more erect like if you were riding a standard. The CBR250R sports 17-inch wheels with 110/70-17 tires on the front and 140/70-17 in the rear.
These wheels coupled to the standard forks in the front and a monoshock in the back did a fair job of smoothing out bumps in the road.
Honda does not post the horsepower of the Honda CBR250R on their Powersports site but I have searched the Internet and most sources agree that the air cooled single cylinder four valve four stroke engine produces about 23.7 horsepower stock.
The fuel injection system always produces the proper fuel/air mixture and I never had a starting issue no matter how hot or cold the day. The motor has never sputtered during normal operation and I always feel like I am getting the full 23.7 horsepower out of the engine.
This motorcycle has a lot of torque making it great for beginners learning to shift especially from a standstill. Braking has been superior, the single disc brakes with dual CalPERS in the front and single in the back are firm but not "grabby".
The six speed transmission produces precision shifts with no issues like slipping out of gear. The instrument cluster with the digital speedo and analog tach is great, it and provides you just the information you need while on the road. The CBR250R features the layered fairing look similar to its larger sibling the VRF1200.
This bike is totally flickable because of its narrow profile due to its single cylinder engine design and easily maneuvers twisted sections of the road. I spend most of my time on country roads where maneuverability is more important than top speed, but recently I did take my CBR250R on the highway and it had no problem doing 70mph with only a slight buzz being transmitted to me through the grips.
Would I take the CBR250R on the highway on a daily basis? Probably not, I would feel a little more comfortable with a heavier bike with a few more cc that does not get as easily buffeted as the CBR250R.
For around town and through twisty country roads this little CBR cannot be beaten! Other than the new single-cylinder four valve powerplant there is not anything groundbreaking about this motorcycle. It is just a good solid motorcycle for a low MSRP of $4199.
The 600cc myth
I have been riding motorcycles for over 15 years. As a new rider, it was pounded into my head by other motorcycle enthusiasts that "Anything less than 600cc is a waste", meaning if the motorcycle had an engine with a displacement of less than 600cc then it was not worth riding.
I have owned everything from a 1978 Goldwing (1000cc) to a 1998 Honda CBR (600cc) and let me tell you. This CBR250R with its 250cc engine has given me as much if not more enjoyable than the other larger displacement motorcycles I owned.
Do I have a buyer's remorse with the release of the Ninja 300 and CBR500R?
Absolutely not! In fact, this is a great time to purchase a Honda CBR250R as sales are slightly down due to people gravitating toward the slightly larger Honda CBR500R (MSRP $5,499) which sports a dual inline 500cc engine. Because of this downturn in sales, most Honda dealers are more than willing to negotiate the price of a CBR250R now while sticking to their guns on the price of the CBR500R.
OK, so when the Kawasaki Ninja 300 came out it stole the thunder from the CBR250R due to the fact that its dual inline cylinder engine is 50cc bigger than the engine of the CBR250R. But then the CBR500R stole the thunder from the Ninja 300 with its dual inline engine that is 200cc bigger than that of the Ninja 300.
The point is, motorcycle manufacturers are constantly upstaging each other and at some point, you need to jump in the game and purchase a motorcycle, enjoy it, and worry less about what new and improved motorcycle is just around the corner.
The new Honda Motorsport strategy
Honda realizes that it needs to focus on promoting motorsports and to get first time buyers or buyers who are returning to the market such as myself. To meet this challenge, Honda is pricing several of its motorcycles under $,8000 and is offering low APR financing. Honda realizes that these entry level riders will be back wanting a bigger or more powerful motorcycle in the near future.
If you want a spunky ride for around town, are a new or a returning rider, but do not want to spend a lot of money, then the CBR250R is the right bike for you!


SCH's top pick films earn Oscar nominations and awards! SCH Editor at Large Dr. Diane Howard picks family-friendly films each week and her choices were recognized at the Oscars!
'Run the Race' movie new top pick for movies in theaters this week. Have a happy weekend!
Check out the best movies for Valentine's Day weekend! Many folks are celebrating this weekend to miss the rush of the holiday. See what's perfect for date night.


It has been said that beauty can be seen in some of the most unexpected places and on my recent trip to Haiti, I experienced beauty beyond expectation. Despite the obvious structural damages, Haiti is beautiful, the land and its people, and especially the ladies of the YWCA of Haiti.
I am not the typical person, my friends generally describe me as the least normal person they know because I never do what is expected. I have been known to travel to distant places by myself, without really knowing anyone there. I tell them that you won't know anyone until you meet everyone. I didn't know anyone in Haiti but I had the desire to go. Through networking with Donnalie Edwards-Cabey (President of the YWCA of the Virgin Islands) and Marie-Claude Julsaint (World YWCA Programme Director for the Americas and the Caribbean) I was offered a place to stay on my trip. And that was the most wonderful part. The ladies of the YWCA of Haiti are an outstanding group of young women. These women knew nothing about me except that I was a member of the YWCA and they opened up their homes and their lives to me. That is true sisterhood.
They are also exceptional in their abilities to juggle their own busy lives to organise and implement very successful programmes for the young people. These are professional young women: lawyers, educators, psychologists, accountants and potential politicians. They opened a youth center after the earthquake to offer youngsters a place for them to participate in structured activities. I saw in these children not only a need for love and attention, but a strong desire to learn. I laughed with them and them at me. I played, read and danced with them. In a few brief days they tried to teach me as I tried to teach them.
The ladies also started another programme for young women ages 15-25 focusing on leadership. At first they eyed me with an uneasy apprehension but I used one of my strategies for the beginning of school and had them comfortable with me. I had an open discussing with them (with translation) about their experiences of the earthquake and the YWCA. I met some outstanding young women in this programme, some that have already displayed great leadership potential. I watched a presentation that had been prepared by a few who had attended a seminar the week before. I was pleased at how much of their presentation I could actually understand.
I am surprised at how much I had an opportunity to do during my very brief stay in Haiti. I attended a meeting of the YWCA-Haiti; assisted at the Youth Center; visited a jewelry programme and attended a presentation by the Ministry of Youth. And I could not leave out the food – from the Haitian pizza, the great restaurants and the wonderful food of the Residence Coupard. I thoroughly enjoyed my brief Haitian experience. I look forward to the continued collaboration between the YWCA of the Virgin Islands and the YWCA of Haiti. With the growing population of Haitians in the territory, the empowerment of Haitian women in both regions will benefit both communities.
Glad to see your posting on the YWCA Haiti. A friend of mine was running this before the quake – last name Arty – but I can't get her email or tel. Can you share the contact info with me for the group in Haiti? I am going back soon and want to see them. Thanks so much and keep up your good work.


The ICANN Engagement team hold a day-long training called "Get Engaged in ICANN – Seminar for Registrars" at BMW Group Classic in Munich, Germany. The training took place in conjunction with Domain Pulse, a key annual event that gathers regional experts of the DNS industry. The RrSG was represented by Tobias Sattler (Vice Chair), Kristian Ørmen (Secretary) and Michele Neylon (GNSO Rep).
This event was well attended and provided an excellent opportunity for existing and new registrars, as well as new employees of existing registrars to get to know key RrSG members and ICANN staff. We look forward to working together further in the future.
The Registrar Stakeholder Group (RrSG) has joined its colleagues in the Registry Stakeholder Group, Eco Association of the Internet Industry and the Internet Infrastructure Coalition in raising its concerns with ICANN about GDPR.
In common with other stakeholder groups within ICANN, the Registrar Stakeholder Group has several elected positions. Within the stakeholder group itself we have our Executive Committee officer positions, namely Chair, Vice-Chair & Technology Officer, Secretary and Treasurer. We also have 3 GNSO councillors and an appointee to ICANN's Nominating Committee.
Members of the Registrar Stakeholder Group can submit nominations via the members mailing list until 2359 UTC on Tuesday June 7th 2016.
ICANN 55 kicks off officially this weekend.
As usual it will be a very busy week and many of our members will be both in attendance and heavily involved in many of the meeting's key sessions. I've tried to highlight several sessions that might be of interest to registrars. It's not definitive and one of the wonderful things about ICANN meetings is that you can access more than 90% of the sessions by just turning up.
The full schedule is available here, or via the official meeting mobile app.
If you are interested in finding out what's going on with the various GNSO policy development groups, then the GNSO working sessions are a good way to get up to speed.
Wednesday has a very full agenda, but the "GNSO Next-Generation gTLD Registration Directory Services PDP Working Group " meeting is probably of interest to most registrars. It's all about whois and its possible replacement.
Thursday has several sessions of interest to registrars, including a session with ICANN's Compliance team, as well as one on the upcoming changes to domain transfer policy (IRTP). Both of these sessions are very important for registrars, so please attend them. There will also be a second public forum.
If you're attending the ICANN meeting in person I look forward to seeing you there!


Youth Outreach Developments in Literacy (YOUR DIL) is a non-profit organization dedicated to providing quality education to underprivileged children, by establishing schools in underdeveloped regions of Pakistan. YOUR DIL is the young professional's arm of DIL and is comprised of young American's trying to make a difference by helping improve literacy in Pakistan. YOUR DIL is a model initiative that raises funds through innovative event-based fundraisers that seek to eradicate illiteracy among children in Pakistan and build a socially conscious and responsible young professionals network across the globe. YOUR DIL currently has chapters across the US, Canada, UK, and Pakistan.


Discuss martial laws and how it affected the Countries of the Eastern block.
1.The math grades on the final exam varied greatly. Using the scores below, how many scores were within one standard deviation of the mean?


Joseph Mallozzi's Weblog: March 19, 2019: What delicious plans await!
March 19, 2019: What delicious plans await!
Plotting and scheming with this evil genius. Who knows what the future holds? Not sure. But I do know the recent past included chirashi, squash agnolotti, black truffle-topped pasta, and schnitzel at Spago.
Wonder if I can find a way to work this into the new show?
Cadbury Promotes the Gleeful Destruction of Archaeological Sites?
In response to the uproar, Cadbury was "directing families to museums" – where, presumably, Easter Creme Eggs await for those determined to dig deep enough.
It's finally here! Maple Syrup Spray!
Now if they can only make sprayable liquid bacon and egg yolks.
Is Dark Chocolate Healthy? It Depends Who You Ask.
Oh. You're asking me? Then yes.
Are you ever frustrated by the fact that, after frequenting a fast food joint, you eventually stop smelling like french fries after only a few hours? Well then this soap is for you!
Do you enjoy honey? What about hornets? Well now you can enjoy the great taste of both together!
Birthday Boy Robbie David enjoys a chocolate birthday cake compliments of his wife, Stephanie.
While Akemi settles for a big salad.
Previous Article March 18, 2019: Teams with awesome (or occasionally suspect) nicknames I am sorry didn't make the NCAA Division 1 March Madness Tournament!
Next Article March 20, 2019: Week's Best Comic Book Covers!
Instead of space piano maybe write in a hip-hop cheese eating competition to stop a warp core breach.
YOU AND MARTIN GOLDEN BOY GERO ORDERED A SCHNITZEL WITHOUT INVITING CARL BINDER???!! OMG!!!! You don't love him anymore?
Happy birthday Robbie David! Nice cake!!
Beard, when a napkin just won't do.
Would the scheming by you and Mr. Gero possibly involved the crew of the Raza all found naked inside large duffel bags in Times Square? Because I'm like 1000% behind that.
I do hope that candle isn't real, it looks like someone's bag is about to have the strap damaged by that candle on the table behind Akemi.
Interesting; Gero and Mallozzi at the same table equals great ideas!
Good stuff all around! Although why eggs on the shnitzel? I'm not familiar with that variation.


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February 03, 2016 / Web Manager
Ashland Daily Press, February 3, 2016
By Sara M. Chase, schase@ashlanddailypress.net
With the Spring Primary elections less than two weeks away and a Presidential election towards the end of this year, it's a good time to think about what one needs to vote and why one should vote.
"This is the backbone of the League of Women Voters," said LWV ABC President Madelaine Herder. "There has been tireless advocacy work by generations to secure the 19th amendment with the right to vote."
Herder said it's important that people get out and vote.
"In the past few years we, the community members have experienced the importance of voting for local candidates on all levels including school boards, as our voices to ensure our quality of life and the quality of life for future generations continues with environmental, education and other areas to ensure livelihoods," she said. "Please help make democracy work on a local, state and federal level by getting out to vote."
Local Resident Jim Oakley addressed some of the important things voters need to know.
"There are two things for people to be aware of," he said. "One is new and that is the photo ID requirements. The other thing is being correctly registered.
"While it (voter registration) may have changed a little it hasn't changed since the last time people voted. But there's always new voters or people who maybe only voted once before and they may not know that some of this applies."
Oakley provided more details on the photo ID requirements.
"The main thing with the photo ID is that you need to have an official ID with a picture," he said. "It does not have to show your current residence … your photo ID is to verify who you are."
There are several types of photo IDs that can be used, Oakley said.
"The easiest thing for most people will be their Wisconsin driver's license," he said. "A passport is a great example of something that identifies you but it doesn't have your address on it unless you've taken the time to write it in … they don't expect to see your current residence, it's to prove who you are.
"Besides that, a tribal ID, military ID, some student IDs."
Oakley said if you don't have a photo ID like a driver's license, you are eligible to go to the Department of Motor Vehicles to get a 'free' Wisconsin ID card for voting.
More information is available on the 'free' Wisconsin ID card at the State of Wisconsin Department of Transportation's website http://wisconsindot.gov/Pages/dmv/license-drvs/how-to-apply/id-card.aspx there is also a link on the city of Ashland's website.
Oakley spoke about voter registration.
"People move and sometimes people just move across town. They have to reregister, people get married and their name has changed, unmarried … if your name has changed for any reason you have to get that registered," he said, explaining that while your current address doesn't matter for the photo ID it certainly does matter for registration.
"If you have a drivers license and it doesn't show your current residence you have to show a proof of residence and that can be difficult for some people," he said.
Oakley noted that people do get turned away and told to come back with the required documentation.
"If your state driver's license is valid and it has your picture and your name on it, that's great for the photo ID but if you moved and you have to vote in a different place then the address on your drivers license, then you have to register, you have to show proof of residence," he said. "For that, there is a whole list of things that you could show. You only have to show one thing for the proof of residences but it has to fit into the list of documents that are accepted."
Oakley provided some examples of those accepted documents, which need be recent.
"You could have a tax bill for your current residence, if you have a receipt for renting a property, that's your proof of residence," he said.
Some other examples included a recent bank statement, paycheck, or utility bill such as a gas, electric or telephone service statement.
"For proof of residences also if somebody gets all of those things online, some people don't get anything on paper," he said. "You can bring your smart phone with you or laptop and if you can bring whatever meets those requirements and you can show it online, that's great too."
For more information visit the city of Ashland website at http://www.coawi.org/for-residents/election-information/or the State of Wisconsin Government Accountability Board website http://www.gab.wi.gov/voters
Check out the LWV ABC on Facebook or visit them online at http://www.lwvabcwi.org as they offer plenty of voter information and links to other helpful websites.
Click here to read this article at the Ashland Daily Press online
February 03, 2016 / Web Manager/
Election, Voting rights
The following appeared in the Letters to the Editor in the February 1, 2016 edition of the Ashland Daily Press:
THE PRIMARY ELECTION IS FEBRUARY 16th. Your vote is essential, as the results will determine your leaders. This first step determines who you want to run for office.
You need a photo ID (WI Driver License, WI ID Card, Passport, Tribal ID Card, Military Card, College ID Card with proof of enrollment.)
To get a free ID go to DMV, 2501 Golf Course Road, Ashland Tu and Th 7am-5pm. (Off Sanborn Road, Ashland) Bring original documents to prove your name and date of birth, your identity, proof of citizenship, Social Security number, and Proof of Residence
Fore more info: http://www.coawi.org/for-residents/election-information
You must be a US citizen, at least 18 years old, have resided at your address for 28 consecutive days immediately preceding the election. You can register at your Municipal Clerk's office up to Friday, Feb 12, 5 pm, or you can register at the polls the day of election. You will need a photo ID and Proof of Residence. http://www.coawi.org/for-residents/election-information/
Where to vote?
You can call your Municipal Clerk and ask.
Bayfield County: http://www.bayfieldcounty.org/DocumentCenter/View/2400
Ashland County: Ashland County Clerk: 715-682-7000
Absentee ballot requests begin Monday, February 1st and go through February 12th. You can get your ballot from the Municipal Clerk's office. A valid photo ID is needed.
IF SO CALL: 1-866-868-3947 or go to the site: http://bringit.wi.gov/ and they will help you.
The League of Women Voters of Ashland Bayfield County will hold Candidate Forums so that you can hear and see your candidates. Dates will be available soon. Please check http://www.lwvabcwi.org/.
Jo Bailey,
LWV member on behalf of the League of Women Voters Ashland Bayfield Counties Board
October 01, 2015 / Web Manager
Taken From LWV website By Maggie Bush
It may not even be Election Day 2015, but we all know that the battle for the White House in 2016 is already well underway. With presidential primaries just a few months away, the League has answers to voters' most frequently asked questions about the process of electing the president. We have once again teamed up with the Newspaper in Education Institute to produce Electing the President, a handy guide outlining all you need to know about the presidential election process. The guide will appear in newspapers nationwide as well as be shared with schools, community organizations and voters who need a helping hand as they navigate the election process.
From helping navigate the complex nomination process to providing succinct tips for making sense of the daily barrage of campaign coverage and advertising, Electing the President serves as a go-to resource all the way up to Election Day. Check out our PDF guide here !
October 01, 2015 / Web Manager/
Scott Walker and Mary Burke Debates October 10th and 17th
September 02, 2014 / Web Manager
Scott Walker and Mary Burke will participate in two debates. The debates, sponsored by the Wisconsin Broadcasters Association, will be held Oct. 10 in the La Crosse- Eau Claire area and Oct. 17 in the Milwaukee area. Details about the host stations and debate particulars will be announced in the near future.
Walker will not participate in other debates, said campaign spokeswoman Alleigh Marré.
September 02, 2014 / Web Manager/
Broadcast of Senate & Assembly Candidates 7/23/2014 Debates
August 01, 2014 / Web Manager
The August 12th primary is right around the corner!
Click here to listen.
If you missed the debates last week, you can listen to the broadcast:
A candidate forum for Wisconsin's 25th Senate and 74th Assembly districts. Democratic Primary candidates answer reporters' questions at the Northern Great Lakes Visitor Center in Ashland. Originally broadcast on July 23rd, 2014 on 91.3 FM (Superior) and 90.9 FM (Ashland).
Here was the NGLVC description of the event:
"The Senate debate will begin at 6 p.m. and the Assembly debate will begin at 7 p.m. from the Northern Great Lakes Visitor Center. Both debates, presented by WPR, the Northern Great Lakes Visitor Center and Northland College, will be carried live on WPR's Ideas Network stations, 91.3 Superior, 90.9 Ashland and 90.3 Park Falls. A rebroadcast of the debates is scheduled for Monday, August 11 beginning at 7 p.m.
The Senate and Assembly seats are open with the pending retirement of Senator Bob Jauch of Poplar and State Representative Janet Bewley of Ashland, who is running for Jauch's seat. Also running in the Democratic primary Senate race are Park Falls Mayor Tom Ratzlaff and Poplar businessman Gary Kauther.
The winner of the August 12 primary election will face Republican Dane Deutsch of Rice Lake in the November 4 general election.
Two Democratic candidates are running for Bewley's seat in the 74th Assembly District, which includes Bayfield, Ashland, Iron and part of Sawyer Counties. They are Beth Meyers of Bayfield and Graham Garfield of Mason. Jamey Francis of Hurley is the lone Republican in that race.
Northland College President Mike Miller will moderate both debates. The panel of reporters includes former Ashland Daily Press Editor Claire Duquette, Ashland Daily Press reporter Rick Olivo and WPR reporter Mike Simonson. No questions will be taken from the audience. Doors will open at 5:30 p.m. and seating at the debates is available on a first-come, first-served basis"
— NGLVC facebook post
August 01, 2014 / Web Manager/
Sound Cast, Election


text:
Showing http://english.farsnews.com/printable.php?nn=8711171076 captured on Feb 6, 2009
Captured 4 times between February 6, 2009 and May 14, 2009
News - English
News numbre: 8711171076
Commander: Iran Enjoys Full Defense Capabilities, Equipment
TEHRAN (FNA)- The Islamic Republic's army enjoys everything needed for its defense, including equipment, weapons and tactics, lieutenant commander of the Iranian army said Thursday.
"Our forces, relying on their power of faith and vigorous young people that work for the army, are able to produce everything we need in the defense industries," Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Iranian Army Brigadier General Seyed Abdulrahim Mousavi said.
The power of faith, belief in victory and the successes that Iran has achieved in the last 30 years following the Islamic Revolution, are the causes of Iran's superiority in the region, he reiterated.
"As we recently witnessed in the Gaza war and prior to that in Hezbollah's victory against the Zionist regime (in summer 2006), despite Israel's hi-tech equipment, they (Palestinians and Lebanese) could defeat the armed-to-the-teeth army of Israel through relying on their self-belief and power of faith," Mousavi said.
The General also announced that the Army is establishing an independent air-defense base.


text:
using Hades.Syntax.Lexeme;

namespace Hades.Syntax.Expression.Nodes.LiteralNodes
{
    public class StringLiteralNode : LiteralNode<string>
    {
        public StringLiteralNode(string value) : base(Classifier.StringLiteral)
        {
            Value = value;
        }

        public StringLiteralNode(Token token) : base(Classifier.StringLiteral)
        {
            Value = token.Value;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub