text:
Апо́стро́ф (від  — «звернений набік») — нелітерний орфографічний знак. Це графічний знак, який не позначає звука. За допомогою апострофа в українській мові відокремлюються йотовані голосні літери від попередніх губних приголосних та «р», наприклад: м'язи, бур'ян.

Апострофом також позначають пропущену кінцеву голосну попереднього слова перед початковою голосною наступного слова або розділяють приголосну префікса від кореня слова, наприклад: «Всіх панів до 'дної ями» (Павло Тичина).

У фонетичній транскрипції апострофом позначається м'якість приголосних — д'ад'ко (дядько).

Апостроф не входить до алфавіту і на розміщення слів у словниках не впливає.

В українській мові

Правила вживання

В українській мові апостроф пишеться перед я, ю, є, ї:

 Після губних приголосних (б, п, в, м, ф): б'ю, п'ять, п'є, в'язи, у здоров'ї, м'ясо, рум'яний, тім'я, мереф'янський, В'ячеслав, Стеф'юк. Апостроф не пишеться, коли перед губним звуком є приголосний (крім р), який належить до кореня: дзвякнути, мавпячий, морквяний, свято, тьмяний, цвях, але: верб'я, торф'яний, черв'як. Коли такий приголосний належить до префікса, то апостроф пишеться, як і в тих же словах без префікса: зв'язок, зв'ялити, підв'язати, розм'якшити.
 Після р (в кінці складу): бур'ян, міжгір'я, пір'я, матір'ю, кур'єр, на подвір'ї. Апостроф не пишеться, коли ря, рю, рє означають сполучення м'якого р із наступними а, у, е: буряк, буряний, крякати, рябий, ряд, крюк, Рєпін.
 Після префіксів та першої частини складних слів, що закінчуються на твердий приголосний (я, ю, є, ї): без'язикий, від'їзд, з'єднаний, з'їхати, з'явитися, об'єм, під'їхати, роз'юшити, роз'яснити; дит'ясла, пан'європейський. Після префіксів із кінцевим приголосним перед наступними і, е, а, о, у апостроф не пишеться: безіменний, загітувати, зекономити, зокрема, зуміти.
 Після першої частини складних слів: дит'ясла, транс'європейський.

Для слів іншомовного походження бувають і інші винятки написання з цих правил.

Технічні особливості

Кодування апострофа

Стандарт Юнікод передбачає декілька символів, що тією чи іншою мірою візуально схожі на апостроф.

Серед них основні такі:

Пояснення:
  Апостроф із діапазону ASCII ('). Зазвичай виглядає як прямий (машинописний). Така форма з'явилася з появою друкарських машинок із метою зменшення кількості кнопок (заміняв і ', і ', і ", і "). Не відповідає за формою українському апострофові, проте застосовується через простоту введення.
  Одинарні закривальні лапки ('). Стандарт Юнікод рекомендує використовувати в англійській мові саме цей символ як апостроф — тобто використовувати його як для закриття одинарних лапок (he said 'hello!'), так і всередині слів (don't, doesn't). Проте не всі згодні з цією порадою навіть стосовно англійської мови.
  Літера-апостроф ('). Виглядає подібно до попереднього символа. Стандарт Юнікод каже про цей символ таке: «гортанне зімкнення, , ; багато мов використовують цей символ як літеру абетки; використовується як маркер тону в бодо, догрі й майтхілі». Дехто вважає саме цей символ найправильнішим в ролі українського апострофа.

Уведення з клавіатури

Зазвичай англійська розкладка QWERTY для клавіатури персонального комп'ютера містить прямий апостроф (див. іл. 1). Сучасні українські розкладки типу ЙЦУКЕН також часто містять щонайменше прямий апостроф (див. іл. 2) — але є певні нюанси.'

Подробиці за розкладками:
 «Стара» українська розкладка Microsoft Windows (що була єдиною українською розкладкою клавіатури, яка постачалася в комплекті з Windows 95 — Windows XP, але все ще може бути (ймовірніше, помилково) встановлена в Windows Vista — новітніх Windows) не містила апострофа. На місці апострофа розташовувалася російська літера «ё», непотрібна для вводу українського тексту. Відповідно для введення апострофа в Windows 95 — Windows XP потрібно використовувати інші методи.
 «Нова» українська розкладка Microsoft Windows (що доступна, починаючи з Windows Vista, а починаючи з Windows 8, є типовою українською розкладкою) містить прямий апостроф у звичайному для українських розкладок місці (див. іл. 2). Якщо натискання клавіші `/~ призводить до вставки літери «ё», ймовірніше за все у Вас помилково встановлена «стара» українська розкладка замість «нової». Тим не менш, навіть «нова» українська розкладка не містить інших апострофів (U+2019 і U+02BC) і для їхнього введення, можливо, доведеться застосовувати інші методи.
 Розкладка клавіатури «Ukrainian Unicode» (що використовується як типова українська розкладка в більшості сучасних дистрибутивів GNU/Linux і також може бути встановлена власноруч у Windows чи macOS) включає:
 прямий апостроф — вставляється натисканням звичайної для українських розкладок клавіші (див. іл. 2) (без Shift);
 апостроф U+02BC — вставляється натисканням звичайної для українських розкладок клавіші разом із Shift;
 апостроф U+2019 — вставляється натисканням комбінації .
 Стара версія розкладки клавіатури «Ukrainian Unicode» мала дещо іншу поведінку:
 апостроф U+02BC вставлявся натисканням звичайної для українських розкладок клавіші (див. іл. 2) (без Shift);
 прямий апостроф вставлявся натисканням звичайної для українських розкладок клавіші разом з Shift.
 Ви потенційно можете стикнутися зі старою версією «Ukrainian Unicode», використовуючи GNU/Linux, що давно повністю не оновлювався, або якщо «Ukrainian Unicode» був встановлений у Windows/macOS користувачем до 10.09.2015/14.09.2015 (відповідно).

Інші методи
 Microsoft Windows дає змогу вводити прямий апостроф і апостроф U+2019 за їхніми десятковими кодами (не юнікодними, а однобайтових кодувань) з використанням NumLock-клавіатури. Для цього:
 Переконайтеся, що  увімкнений.
 Затисніть .
 Далі на цифровій клавіатурі введіть:
 для прямого апострофа —  (несуттєво, починати з нуля чи ні);
 для апострофа U+2019 —  (починати з нуля обов'язково).
 Відпустіть .
 Також Windows дозволяє вводити символи за їх шістнадцятковими кодами Юнікоду. Але це працює лише у випадку наявності (на момент завантаження профілю користувача) значення HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Control Panel/Input Method/EnableHexNumpad = 1 (типу REG_SZ) в системному реєстрі — встановлення якого може бути нетривіальним для новачка. Якщо воно наявне, будь-які символи Юнікоду можна вводити так: затиснути  → ввести  (на цифровій клавіатурі) → ввести шістнадцятковий код (на будь-якій клавіатурі) → відпустити .
 Microsoft Word дозволяє вводити прямий апостроф, натискаючи  і відразу за цим . Але це стосується лише конкретного текстового процесора. Цей спосіб не спрацює в вебоглядачі чи інших програмах.
 Використати іншу розкладку:
 Або тимчасово перемкнутися на англійську, натиснути звичайну для англійської розкладки клавішу (для QWERTY — див. іл. 1) і перемкнутися назад на українську.
 Або назовсім встановити зручнішу розкладку (наприклад, «Ukrainian Unicode»; або просто «українську розширену», якщо Ваш Windows підтримує це (тобто не старіший за Vista) і Вас влаштовує наявність лише прямого апострофа).

Автоматична заміна
Деякі застосунки та сайти виконують автоматичну заміну введеного апострофа на інший тип, який «вважають» доречнішим. Наприклад, текстовий процесор може автоматично замінювати прямий апостроф на U+2019 (бо саме він є рекомендованим для англійської мови) (або на , якщо «вважає» це одинарними лапками). В такому випадку не допоможе навіть введення з цифрової клавіатури, бо заміна однаково виконується після введення.

Доменні імена

Домени .ua, .укр і .name, що дають змогу реєструвати інтернаціоналізовані доменні імена з українськими літерами, дозволяють вживати в них апостроф. При цьому під апострофом мається на увазі саме і лише літера-апостроф (' U+02BC ).

Проте не всі домени, що підтримують інтернаціоналізовані доменні імена з українськими літерами, дозволяють використовувати апостроф (наприклад: .com, .net, .org, .pl, а також .adult, .nokia, .porn, .sap, .sex, .xxx, .онлайн, .орг, .сайт — станом на 27.06.2016 не дозволяють).

У графіці інших мов
Найчастіше в європейських та інших мовах апостроф використовується на місті пропущених або опущених літер: д'Артаньян — де Артаньян (фр.), Л'Аквіла — Ла Аквіла (іт.), тре' — треба (укр.).

Російська
У російській мові апостроф використовують в таких випадках:
 Його використовують у деяких перекладених іноземних іменах, наприклад: Жанна д'Арк, О'Коннор, Д'Артаньян.
 Для відділення російських закінчень і суфіксів від початкової частини слова, записаної латиницею (, , ). У редакції «Правил російської орфографії та пунктуації» за 2006 рік, що була схвалена Орфографічною комісією РАН, але офіційно в дію не вступила, не йдеться про будь-які стилістичні обмеження.

Білоруська
У білоруській мові апостроф використовується як розділовий знак між приголосним і голосним:
 після префіксів, що закінчуються на приголосний, перед е, ё, ю, я і натискним і: ад'езд, аб'ём, аб'я́ва, аб'ядна́цца, пад'ё́мны, раз'ю́шыцца, між'я́русны, аб'і́нець, уз'ядна́нне, ад'юта́нт, ін'е́кцыя, кан'юнкту́ра;
 в середині слова після губних б, в, м, п, ф, задньоязикових г, к, х, зубних д, т і тремтячого р перед літерами е, ё, і, ю, я: б'ецца, вераб'і, В'етнам, інтэрв'ю, сям'я, Дзям'ян, Камп'ен, куп'ё, куп'істы, п'юць, саф'ян, Пракоф'еў, Пракоф'евіч, Мантэг'ю, Лук'ян, Х'юстан, Аж'е, Ч'япа, Буш'е, Д'еп, бар'ер, надвор'е, Грыгор'еў, Юр'еў, Мар'іна Горка;
 у складних словах із першою частиною дво-, три-, чотири-, багато- перед буквами е, ё, ю, я: двух'ярусны, трох'ярусны, шмат'ядзерны, шмат'ёмісты.

Апостроф не пишеться:
 після ў (в інфінітиві) перед літерами е, ё, і, ю, я: абаўецца, саўюць, салаўі.

Англійська
Основне застосування апострофа в англійській мові — для позначення:

 пропущених літер у разі скорочення: Look what you've (you have) done — Подивися, що ти наробив.
 присвійного відмінка іменників: Sod's Law! — Закон підлості!
 множини окремих символів: p's, q's тощо.

Піньїнь (китайська мова)
У системі позначення звуків китайської мови за допомогою латинської абетки (піньїнь) апостроф використовується для розрізнення на письмі двох складів, другий із яких починається з голосної, та подібного до них одного складу, наприклад: pi'ao (皮袄 / пі'ао, «шкіряна куртка») та piao (票 / пяо, «квиток»), qi'e (企鹅 / ці'е, «пінгвін») та qie (茄 / цє, «баклажан») тощо.

Цікаві факти

 Апостроф за необхідності застосовують для позначення м'яких приголосних у фонетичній транскрипції, зокрема, для праслов'янської мови — символ ь передає там особливий надкороткий голосний. Цікаво, що в старослов'янському письмі, коли знак «ь» ще передавав редукований голосний, для позначення м'якості використовували (поряд з циркумфлексом над приголосним) значок, дуже схожий на апостроф.
 Під час виконання реформи російської орфографії 1918 року разом з друкарськими літерами для «і», «ѣ», «ѳ», з друкарень були вилучені й літери для «ъ» — хоча реформа скасувала лише написання твердого знака наприкінці слів, а не його вживання взагалі. Брак літер призвів до того, що за розділовий знак стали широко застосовувати апостроф: у 1920—1930-х роках (у газетах до 1950-х) його використовували для слів об'явление, с'езд, под'езд та ін.. Як єдиний варіант розділового знака «ъ» був затверджений у 1956 році, дешеві моделі друкарських машинок без символа «ъ» випускали й пізніше. Таблички з написами «Под'езд» досі можна побачити на будівлі московського Політехнічного музею.
 Для слів з коренем свят- прийнято написання без апострофа, хоча йотованому [ja] там передує традиційно твердий [v]. У такій само формі слово наведено в Словарі української мови Б. Д. Грінченка, а автор пояснює подібний вжиток тим, що «так і вимовляє ці слова українська інтелегенція», зазначаючи при цьому, що «народна вимова відрізняється від такої вимови» (наведені варіанти святий, сьватий, светий, сятий). Б. Грінченко називає це питання «не дослідженим достатньою мірою», згадує про зібрані на початок XX ст. матеріали до нього (Житецкій, Очеркъ звуковой исторіи малоросійскаго нарѣчія, 250; Науменко, Обзоръ фонетическихъ особенностей малоросійской рѣчи, 43; Верхратський, Про говор галицьких лемків, 62, 63.; Гринченко, Отзывъ о сочиненіяхъ А. Н. Малинки, 61—62).

Див. також
 Правила вживання апострофа в українській мові

Примітки

Джерела
 Апостроф //
 Бурячок А. А. Апостроф // Українська мова: енциклопедія. — К., 2000. — С. 30—31.

Посилання

 Апостроф  // Український правопис. —  : Наук. думка, 2012. — С. 9.
 Правила вживання апострофа в українській мові
 Розкладка для української мови від UANIC з символами апострофа, Ґ, та гривні
 Українська розкладка клавіатури з символами Unicode

Українська мова
Письмо
Типографські знаки


text:
News GMC now Has over 90,000 Reservations for the Hummer EV
GMC now Has over 90,000 Reservations for the Hummer EV
Anthony Lemonde
GMC Hummer EV at Factory Zero | Photo: General Motors
over 90,000 people have put a deposit on the GMC Hummer EV.
This number is for both the pickup and the SUV versions
Over 90% of reservation holders end up buying the vehicle
Production constraints mean that only 50 Hummer EVs were made in August
General Motors announced it has now received over 90,000 reservations for the GMC Hummer EV pickup and SUV.
These two large vehicles have generated more interest than most other electric vehicles over the past year and it appears that this interest is translating into sales.
Indeed, the large, heavy and powerful truck, as well as its SUV counterpart have now prompted more than 90,000 people to place a deposit in order to get a place in line.
The wait will probably be very long, however, since production constraints mean that only 400 units were produced in May for both models. The situation doesn't appear to be improving either since only 50 Hummer EVs rolled off the line in August.
Production should pick back up in the coming months, but even in ideal circumstances, fulfilling all of the orders would take many years.
Of course, reservations are not final orders and the deposit can be refunded, but GMC claims that over 90% of the reservation holders will go through with the purchase.
This is because the Hummer EV is one of the first electric trucks on the market and one of the most powerful EVs ever, but it is also because many buyers see it as an investment instead of a depreciating asset.
Only the future will tell if these people are right, but for the moment, the few units that have been delivered and subsequently resold have been known to fetch up to three times their original MSRP.
General Motors is currently working on new battery factories that will enable it to build more electric vehicles each month, thus making the Hummer EV less rare and probably more affordable as well.
The Volkswagen ID.4 will feature in Marvel's "Ant-Man and The Wasp: Quantumania"
A partnership with Marvel Studios will also see custom content and a red-carpet appearance for the ID.4. The car will be the superhero's...
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Guatemala Selected profile
Guatemala is 'on course' to meet three of the global nutrition targets for which there was sufficient data to assess progress.
Guatemala is 'on course' to meet three targets for maternal, infant and young child nutrition (MIYCN). Guatemala is 'on course' for the target of reducing anaemia among women of reproductive age, with 7.4% of women aged 15 to 49 years now affected. Meanwhile, some progress has been made towards achieving the low birth weight target with 11.0% of infants having a low weight at birth. The same result can be seen for exclusive breastfeeding. Some progress has been made towards achieving this target, with 53.2% of infants aged 0 to 5 months exclusively breastfed. Similarly, Guatemala has made some progress towards achieving the target for stunting, but 46.7% of children under 5 years of age are still affected. Guatemala is 'on course' for the target for wasting, with 0.8% of children under 5 years of age affected. The prevalence of overweight children under 5 years of age is 4.9% and Guatemala is 'on course' to prevent the figure from increasing.
Guatemala has shown limited progress towards achieving the diet-related non-communicable disease (NCD) targets. The country has shown no progress towards achieving the target for obesity, with an estimated 29.6% of adult (aged 18 years and over) women and 17.6% of adult men living with obesity. Guatemala's obesity prevalence is lower than the regional average of 30.7% for women and 22.8% for men. At the same time, diabetes is estimated to affect 12.0% of adult women and 10.4% of adult men.
Source: UNICEF. Global databases: Infant and young child feeding. Published online July 2020. Available at: http://data.unicef.org/nutrition/iycf. Accessed 24 August 2021.
Notes: Prevalence (%) estimates are presented for infants and young children aged 0–23 months (age varies by indicator). Location is classified as 'urban' or 'rural' (as defined in the survey). Education refers to the educational level of the mother and is classified as 'none or primary' or 'secondary or higher'. Wealth is asset-based wealth scores at the household level, classified as quintiles: 'lowest', 'second lowest', 'middle', 'second highest' and 'highest'. See Methodology for more information on the indicators.
Source: UNICEF/WHO/World Bank. Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database: Stunting, Wasting and Overweight. Published online July 2020. Available at: https://data.unicef.org/resources/dataset/malnutrition-data. Accessed 31 August 2021.
Notes: Prevalence (%) estimates are presented for infants and young children aged 0–59 months. Stunting is defined as below minus two standard deviations (<-2 SD) from the median height-for-age of the WHO growth reference. Wasting is defined as below minus two standard deviations (<-2 SD) from the median weight-for-height of the WHO growth reference. Overweight is defined as above one standard deviation (>+1 SD) from the median weight-for-height of the WHO growth reference. Location is classified as 'urban' or 'rural' (as defined in the survey). Education refers to the educational level of the mother and is classified as 'none or primary' or 'secondary or higher'. Wealth is asset-based wealth scores at the household level, classified as quintiles: 'lowest', 'second lowest', 'middle', 'second highest' and 'highest'. See Methodology for more information on the indicators.
Source: UNICEF. Global Databases: Overlapping Stunting, Wasting and Overweight. Published online July 2020. Available at: https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/malnutrition. Accessed 24 August 2021.
Notes: Prevalence (%) estimates are presented for infants and young children aged 0–59 months. See Methodology for more information on the indicators.
Children aged 0–59 months with diarrhoea in the past two weeks preceding the survey who received zinc treatment 1 2 1 2015
Children aged 6–59 months who received two high-dose vitamin A supplements in a calendar year 26 No data No data 2017
Children aged 6–59 months given iron supplements in the seven days preceding the survey 20 20 19 2014
Women with a live birth in the five years preceding the survey who received iron tablets or syrup during antenatal care 84 NA NA 2014
Households consuming any iodised salt 88 NA NA 2009
Total population, thousands 17,916
Under-5 population, thousands 2,065
48 146/162 2014
Early childbearing 20 2015
Gender Inequality Index (country rank) 119/162 2019


I've wrote some poetry books and I recently added a new one.
I hope I can ask the right questions and get the most up-to-date and correct answers.
Well, I got the Free ISBN numbers from Lulu for all my books. I went for the global distribution.
I went to update one of them tonight, before I buy proof copies of them all, and go through to 'accept' the distribution.
I was going to purchase them some time this week.
But when I went to update one of them, it said my title and author's name was 'locked'.
I am worried about the whole tax forms thing, because honestly I don't know how that works, and I just wanted to write books, buy copies for my friends and family, and hopefully, if it is possible, get my books into some bookstores online or something. I don't know, just as long as people read them, I don't care so much about making money because poetry for me is great therapy and an emotional outlet.
Do I have to fill out tax forms in order to continue with the Free Lulu ISBN number and global distribution?
I don't have a lot of money to spend on distribution and I just really CANNOT do the thing with the taxes. And I don't really understand it.
I'm ashamed to have to ask these questions. I did read the terms of service and all, but I didn't know if it would really affect me or apply to me in a way where I HAD to pay anything for my books to be distributed.
I know I should have asked this before hand, that's why I'm embarassed now. Please bear with me, I'm really new to understanding this kind of stuff.
I live in the USA by the way.
Also, if I DO have to fill out tax forms in order to get the free isbn from lulu and global distribution, is there any other way I can still have my books available for people to buy without me having to fill out tax forms and all?
And would 'any other way' mean me having to start my books over again here on lulu (like, retire them and start new projects)?
Any information will help me greatly. I apologize for my ignorance of the subjects.
Thank you in advance, I greatly appreciate it.
First, a business usually doesn't send you a 1099 (the form that reminds you that they paid you) unless you've gotten at least $600 from them. Copies that you buy for friends and family don't count towards that $600. So there's no reason to panic there. I don't know what the Lulu threshold is for 1099s, but by law, $600 is where a business has to send you a 1099.
Secondly, let's suppose that you make $200 on book sales this year. Here's what will happen: Lulu will hold back 28% of that and turn it over to the IRS. So you'll get $144, and $56 will be withheld.
When you go to file your taxes, you request that Lulu sends you a 1099 (assuming that they didn't automatically), and you use that to show that you got $200, but that $56 was withheld. So your gross income goes up by $200, and your "Amount of tax already paid goes up by $56, and depending on the rest of your income you get part or all of the $56 (maybe). But that's when you file your taxes, so it's no big deal until next tax season.
If you're making a lot of money -- let's say that you sell millions of copies above what you buy -- then your situation gets a little more complex, and you may need an accountant to file Self-employment Taxes and so forth... but you'll have the money to hire the accountant, if you're selling that well.
This is just me speaking, off-the-cuff, and someone from Lulu can explain it better, but... In general, don't panic.
I might have misunderstood your question... but... you do have to give your SSN to Lulu if you want to get paid. I don't think that's linked to getting a free ISBN -- it's jsut something that the tax folks make Lulu get if they're going to send you money.
But no real tax forms, aside from that -- of course you have to file your taxes at the tend of the year, but you'd have to do that anyway.
My books don't sell much at all, and I don't mind. I just thought that having an ISBN would make it more available to people, along with having the global distribution. I'd like to try to give a copy to my library and another bookstore here in town, the lady that owns it has taken my brother's books before that he wrote, as well. I wasn't sure if either of them required an ISBN or not. I'll try to go talk to them sometime so I will know. My brother used Lulu for one of his books, but used ... I think it was called 'damnation publishing' or something (it was a horror novel, please excuse the name).
I understand and thank you for explaining what you did. But I have a tiny issue I might need to talk to someone in private about. I didn't really want to say it publicly.
I'm really just writing books for fun, it's a great way to get out frustrations creatively. And I've been writing poetry for years now. I just like to have a copy of my book to say to myself "I did this, I can do something with my life".
Well I'll tell just a little of my issue here... I live with my mom, I'm in my 30's and she advised me not to do the global distribution after I told her about what I read concerning taxes and all. She wants me to ... I think ... drop the ISBN and global distribution due to any taxes that will ever come with it. My aunt is into taxes for a living, and maybe she can explain it more to me.
I, too, think it will be okay since I don't sell many books (I've been publishing here on lulu since 2012 after my dad died and I still haven't sold one book... I do buy them, however, and pass them out to friends and family). But my mom sorta got scared about this when I told her about taxes.
Well, I'll just say it. I'm disabled, and I don't do taxes that I know of. My mom pays them but I don't think I do. (I've got some illnesses, I'm embarassed to say).
So that's why I was not sure about how the whole taxes thing would affect me.
Anyway, I apologize for giving a life background story. I just wasn't sure how or if all this would affect me at all.
I highly doubt my books will sell millions. I'm just happy to be here, and getting to do something.
Well anyway, I do greatly appreciate your answer to my questions. I really do. I'll check back in a little while to see if anyone else knows anything about these subjects.
OH, also, would it be easier for me to just set the prices of my books so I don't get any revenue? I know this may sound strange, but I just love writing. I don't mind not getting paid as long as people will read my books.
Should I keep the global distribution with the isbn (which might be subject to taxes and all) or should I just retire my books to get rid of the global distribution, and start all over again with them, and re-upload them and just use "sell on lulu only" option?
I know it should be all up to me, but I'm just not sure about what to do at this moment.
I'll be wanting to purchase them soon, so I wasn't sure if I should just restart the projects or keep them as they are.
Thanks so much for bearing with me, everyone. I apologize if this has caused any trouble or is confusing. I'm trying to explain the best I know how.
I'll check replies soon. Thank you.
Illness is nothing to be ashamed of. People get sick or become injured. It happens. No shame in that.
I think that there is an income threshhold for filing taxes, and you aunt would be the best judge of that. If you're only selling to yourself, or yourself and a few others, the income wouldn't be enough to matter on taxes.
I think my mom has talked about the income and filing taxes thing before. I wasn't sure exactly what it was. But I will definitely look into it.
I think you're right about the income not being enough to matter on taxes, though. But I think before I purchase the proof copies of my books I'll talk to my aunt jennie about it to make sure.
Thank you for the advice :-) Very much appreciated, as well as the comment about illness.
Once I talk to my aunt, I'll try to get back on here and let everyone know what she says, just in case anyone else has this issue come up.
I'm a bit confused. In my case, the 1099-Misc shows an amount in royalties that is far below what my actual sales figures are. The royalty figure is about 10% of my total sales.
You will only need to file a tax form if you do not wish for Lulu to withhold taxes on sales with your Lulu-owned ISBN. Currently, the withholding rate is 24%. Please note that all sales (Lulu and Retail) will have tax withholding. We own the ISBN and so we have to report the taxes to the IRS.
Once you publish and purchase a proof copy of a book with an ISBN, the metadata (everything on the title step) will become "locked". This is because the information regarding the book (author, title, binding, type of book) has been sent to the ISBN agency.
Do all of your sales have Lulu-owned ISBNs? We only withhold on sales with Lulu-owned ISBNs. Any sales that do not have Lulu-owned ISBNs would not be reported on the 1099.
Does that also apply to books published here, sold only via the Storefront, that have no ISBNs at all?
You are correct. Sales with books that have no ISBNs (specifically Lulu-owned ISBNs) will not be reported on the 1099. This is because the sales are considered "other revenue".


text:
Q: Centering text on video in CSS I was trying to center the name of my blog in the video background I use but was unsuccesful even though I've tried positioning it absolute with 50% from the top. Can anyone help me center both horizontally and vertically the text on top of the video?
Here's the code: https://codepen.io/anon/pen/QgBZqd
HTML
    <!DOCTYPE html>

    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/>
        <title>SINEMACERA</title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Anton|Cabin" rel="stylesheet">

          <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
            Toggle navigation

          </button>
          SINEMACERA

Anasayfa

Hakkımda

İletişim

TEXT ON VIDEO

          <video autoplay loop id="video-background" muted plays-inline>
            <source src="http://thenewcode.com/assets/videos/polina.mp4" type="video/mp4">
          </video>

Lorem Ipsum Üzerine

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
    proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
    proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
    proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
    proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
    proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
    proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
    proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary wide-button">Devamını oku!</button>

Lorem Ipsum Üzerine

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
    proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
    proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
    proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
    proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
    proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
    proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
    proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary wide-button">Devamını oku!</button>

Lorem Ipsum Üzerine

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
    proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
    proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
    proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
    proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
    proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
    proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
    tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
    quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo
    consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse
    cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
    proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary wide-button">Devamını oku!</button>

CSS
 body {
        background: black;
        color:white;
        font-family: Cabin;
    }

    .wide-button {
        width:100%;
    }

    h1 {
        text-align: center;
        text-shadow: 0px 2px 10px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4)

    }

    .row {
        float:left;
    }

    .readmore {
        display:none;
    }

    #COVERPHOTO {
        margin-top: 50px;
    }

    #COVER {
        position: relative;
        font-size: 40px;
        text-align: center;
    }

    #COVERTEXT {
        margin:0;
        font-family: Anton;
        font-size: 10vw;
        text-shadow: 0px 4px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7),
                 0px 8px 13px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3),
                 0px 18px 23px rgba(0, 0, 0,0.3);
                    }

    #MAJORCONTENT {
    text-align: justify;
    font-size: 1.5em;
    }

    video {
        width:100%;
        height: auto;
    }

JS
$(".btn-primary").click(function() {

var thisBTN = $(this);
var RM = $(this).prev();

RM.slideToggle(1000, function() {
    thisBTN.toggleClass("btn-info")
    if(thisBTN.text()==="Küçült") {
        thisBTN.text("Devamını oku");
    }
    else {
        thisBTN.text("Küçült")
    }
});
});

A: A combination of position: absolute; top: 50%; transform: translateY(-50%); left: 0; right: 0; on #COVERTEXT will center the text over the video, relative to the parent #COVER

$(".btn-primary").click(function() {

var thisBTN = $(this);
var RM = $(this).prev();

RM.slideToggle(1000, function() {
 thisBTN.toggleClass("btn-info")
 if(thisBTN.text()==="Küçült") {
  thisBTN.text("Devamını oku");
 }
 else {
  thisBTN.text("Küçült")
 }
});
});
body {
  background: black;
  color: white;
  font-family: Cabin;
}

.wide-button {
  width: 100%;
}

h1 {
  text-align: center;
  text-shadow: 0px 2px 10px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
}

.row {
  float: left;
}

.readmore {
  display: none;
}

#COVERPHOTO {
  margin-top: 50px;
}

#COVER {
  position: relative;
  font-size: 40px;
  text-align: center;
}

#COVERTEXT {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: Anton;
  font-size: 10vw;
  text-shadow: 0px 4px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7),
    0px 8px 13px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3),
    0px 18px 23px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
}

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Ethiopia is working towards enhancing its hospitality industry capacity and welcome more foreign tourists, said an official with the tourism ministry on Thursday.
Speaking to Xinhua, Gezahegn Abate, Public and International Relations Director of the Ethiopia Ministry of Culture and Tourism (MoCIT), said his ministry has been working with public and private stakeholders to boost the country's hospitality industry capacity and diversify the nationality of foreign tourists visiting the African country.
Ethiopia earned 3.5 billion U.S. dollars from 934,000 tourists who visited the country in the Ethiopian Fiscal Year 2010 (2017/2018), that ended on July 7, said the official.
Abate mentioned the MoCIT's work in attracting tourists from the world's most populous nation, China, which he said has shown a steady increase in the past several years despite the unrest the East African country went through since 2016.
"MoCT is encouraging Chinese investment in Ethiopia's hospitality sector with a view to dramatically increasing the number of Chinese tourists," Abate said.
With a view to making tourism a major hard currency earner, Ethiopia is implementing incentives for entrepreneurs involved in the tourism and hospitality industry, including duty free arrangements for construction materials.
Chinese tourists are the third largest group of tourists to Ethiopia, only surpassed in numbers by tourists from the United States and UK.
Ethiopia earned 169.6 million U.S. dollars from 45,3017 Chinese tourists that visited the country in 2017.
The 2017 Chinese tourists' figures have shown a steady increase from 2016 numbers, which stood at 41,659.
The national flag carrier Ethiopian airlines already flies to five destinations in China: Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Chengdu and Guangzhou and plans to start flights to Shenzhen later this year.


text:
Funeral Service Journal - The industry bible since 1886
Funeral Print
Living Landscape award for cemetery
Herongate Wood Cemetery has become one of the first recipients of a 'Living Landscapes' award, which aim to recognise organisations helping to support conservation in the heart of the community.
The main criteria of the awards, which have been launched by The Wildlife Trust, are that the scheme recognised is good for wildlife, for people and the community and for the local economy.
"We are proud that we are one of the first companies in the country to receive the 'Living Landscapes' award and have received such positive comments from The Wildlife Trust for our 'fantastic application'," said spokeswoman Penny Cooke.
The Herongate Wood site in Brentwood, Essex, has meadow areas where natural flowers can flourish and provide food and refuge for native birds, woodland deer, rabbits and other animals, as well as a natural pond – home to moorhens, ducks and native breeds of fish, roach and rudd.
The team ensure that the hedgerows are maintained, and have a planting schedule so that native trees are also supported.
Herongate Wood has become a focus for the local community because many families have lain loved ones to rest in the beautiful surroundings. The site also holds annual events to bring the community together and for families to remember and celebrate the lives of their loved ones.
Wherever possible the family-run business likes to collaborate with local business partners, suggesting local florists, venues for gatherings. "This not only helps families to finalise their arrangements but brings in business for the local economy to flourish," added Penny.
For further information about Herongate Wood, please call (01277) 811064 or go to www.green-burial.co.uk.
Get more with a subscription.
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FSJ is published by Heritage Studios Limited, a company registered in England & Wales (Company No. 5298514).
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Mapping the Marginalised: Delhi's Gadia Lohar Community
The Gadia Lohars, a nomadic community originally from Chittorgarh district in Rajasthan, live in over 90 bastis or informal settlements in the National Capital Region of Delhi (Delhi NCR). They live on the pavements or along the roads, with the constant threat of forced eviction. They earn their livelihood by making and selling iron tools, utensils and other implements.
The Gadia Lohars – "an extremely marginalized and impoverished community," according to this report – set up the Gadia Lohar Sangharsh Samiti (GLSS) with the assistance of the Housing and Land Rights Network (HLRN), a Delhi-based research and advocacy organisation. GLSS held meetings with community members in late 2018 to discuss housing, education, employment and forced evictions.
Given the lack of data on the Gadia Lohars, HLRN and GLSS did a survey of members from the community living in 58 bastis in Delhi between February and March 2019. They enumerated Gadia Lohar settlements, documented living conditions, and tried to understand the challenges in accessing housing and government entitlements. This report presents the findings of the survey.
The Renke Commission Report (2008) says that 98 per cent of nomadic and semi-nomadic communities do not own land, and only 11 per cent of nomadic communities live on public land.
Most Gadia Lohar settlements in Delhi have been in existence for several decades – the oldest, Sarai Rohilla, came up 70 years ago. The largest settlement, in Adarsh Gali, Palam, has 78 houses, and the smallest settlements, in Rohini (Sector 24) and Kirti Nagar (Lakkad Mandi), have 3 houses each. These settlements have temporary (kutcha) structures.
The report contains a list of the last reported demolition in 53 of the 58 surveyed settlements. It says that the government-issued identity documents of many Gadia Lohars don't mention their current address (or mention their previous address) because they have been forced to relocate often. As a result, they are not able to access government schemes and entitlements.
There is some ambiguity around the Gadia Lohars' caste status and as a result, many don't have caste certificates. In Rajasthan, they are categorised as a Most Backward Class (MBC), but, in Delhi, they are clubbed with the Other Backward Classes (OBCs). While they are entitled to reservation in government jobs in Rajasthan, they have not been able to avail of any special schemes in Delhi.
After the Delhi government demolished the houses of Gadia Lohars for 'city beautification' near Thyagaraj Stadium in 2009, the matter was taken to court. In the Sudama Singh v. Government of Delhi case, the High Court passed a landmark judgment in February 2010, upholding the Gadia Lohar petitioners' human right to adequate housing. However, till 2019, the government had not provided the affected families with any rehabilitation.
As per Delhi High Court's judgement in the Ajay Maken v. Union of India case, forced evictions cannot be carried out without first doing a survey of the settlements on a piece of land, and providing adequate notice and alternative accommodation to the people living there.
Almost 24 of the 58 settlements surveyed lacked access to clean drinking water, 13 settlements did not have electricity, 35 did not have government-subsidised ration shops nearby, 41 did not have access to medical and healthcare services, 37 reported the absence of toilets, and 28 did not have garbage disposal facilities.
The report recommends that the authorities respect stay orders on evictions and not threaten to demolish houses; the state provide essential services (like sanitation, education and healthcare) and caste certificates to the Gadia Lohars; the community be categorised as a Most Backward Class; anganwadis be set up in Gadia Lohar settlements; community members have access to alternate livelihood opportunities (given the high rates of unemployment in the community); and a Gadia Lohar Welfare Board be constituted.
Focus and Factoids by Kalyani Vartak.
Aishwarya Ayushmaan, Ashok Pandey and members of the Gadia Lohar Sangharsh Samiti
Housing and Land Rights Network, New Delhi
#forced-evictions #nomadic-tribes #caste-certificate #right-to-housing #informal-settlements


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Tag: "Christian Radio"
TALKERS | January 30, 2014
Beasley Broadcasting Reports Q4 Revenue Down Slightly; 2013 Up 4.7%. Political advertising – or the lack thereof in the fourth quarter of Beasley's Q4 – led to a mildly down quarter as net revenue dropped a half of a percent compared to the same period in 2012. Station operating income was down 5.2% quarter over quarter. However, for the year, Beasley reports net revenue was up 4.7% and net income per diluted share was up 6.3%. Further, the company states that "lower net revenue in the 2013 fourth quarter and a $0.4 million, or 2.5%, increase in station operating expenses related to operating KVGS-FM in Las Vegas which was acquired in September 2013, as well as a rise in sales and programming expenses, caused fourth quarter 2013 station operating income (SOI), a non-GAAP financial measure, to decrease by $0.6 million, or 5.2%, to $10.2 million, as compared to the 2012 fourth quarter." Chairman and CEO George Beasley comments, "Beasley Broadcast Group's fourth quarter net revenue decline primarily reflects a reduction in political spending as in the fourth quarter of 2012 we recorded approximately $1.2 million in political advertising revenue. While we were not able to fully offset the cyclical impact of political revenue, the fourth quarter radio advertising environment in our markets remains healthy and on an actual basis we reported just a slight decline in net revenue compared with last year. Excluding the benefit of political advertising in the year-ago quarter, Beasley Broadcast Group's 2013 fourth quarter same station net revenue rose approximately 2% and, reflecting our success throughout 2013, actual full year net revenue rose 4.7% while same station net revenue for 2013 was up 1.9% versus full year 2012. Overall, for our five markets that report to Miller Kaplan – which represent approximately 76% of total fourth quarter revenue – Beasley station cluster revenue declined by 2.6%, which again was primarily attributable to the cyclical nature of political advertising, while the total revenue for all reporting radio stations in these markets decreased by 4.1% for the quarter. Beasley Broadcast Group's out-performance relative to our markets again highlights the benefit of our organization-wide focus on strong core programming and targeted localism. Our planned investments in sales and programming and the expansion of our digital offerings, combined with the revenue decline, led to fourth quarter 2013 SOI which was 5.2% below year-ago levels."
Sliwa Child Support Case Creating 'Tabloid' Sensation in NYC. The child support case currently in the courts in New York involving WABC, New York talk show host Curtis Sliwa has been fodder for the city's tabloid newspapers. Recently it was the New York Post. Now it's the New York Daily News. The most recent court filings by Sliwa's ex-wife Mary charge Curtis Sliwa was having an affair with now-Queens Borough president Melinda Katz prior to his marriage to Mary – and that he even spent the night before his wedding to Mary with Katz. Sliwa was in court late last year contending he can't afford the $13,000 per month he had agreed to pay Mary Sliwa for their now-10-year-old son because his salary had been slashed to $200,000 from its high of almost $700,000. (That was when he worked for Salem, he now works for Cumulus and his current salary has not been published.) Sliwa now lives with Katz and their two children and he pays $10,000 to Katz for child care even though they co-habitate. Court documents allege that – via voice mails – Mary Sliwa can show Curtis Sliwa was having an affair with Katz for a long period of time although the two deny it started before 2011. Mary Sliwa is also contesting the claim by Katz that her children were the product of frozen sperm donated by Sliwa. Whereas this ordeal is no doubt causing financial and personal pain for the parties involved, the buzz factor generated by a scandal of this nature cannot help but draw priceless and timely publicity to Sliwa's radio presence in the competitive New York market as he reunites with his former longtime co-host Ron Kuby on WABC. Read the most recent New York Daily News story here.
TV News Net Exec Joins Clear Channel Seattle as Market President. The new market president at Clear Channel's Seattle cluster is Kent Haehl. The former Channel One Network chief executive officer will report to executive vice president of operations Hartley Atkins, who comments, "We are fortunate to bring someone onto our team who has such an expansive leadership and experience base. Kent's extensive knowledge of television, media, and the industry as a whole will immediately bring additional value to our advertisers and listeners as we continue to provide a greater reach than any other media outlet in Seattle." Haehl, who replaces Lisa Decker in the role, remarks that he is "extremely grateful" to begin working with "such a talented team of professionals." He adds, "I am looking forward to leading the market to continued success and to unlocking the full potential of our brands in one of America's greatest cities." Prior to his tenure at Channel One, a daily global television news network, Haehl held senior sales and marketing positions at In-Store Broadcasting Network and Meredith Broadcasting Group.
Bartley Joins WICC, Bridgeport, Connecticut. Air personality and programmer David Bartley is named assistant program director and producer at Cumulus Media's news/talk WICC, Bridgeport, Connecticut. Bartley – who serves with the cluster as weekend and fill-in personality on the company's sister AC WEBE – will produce the "Talk of the Town" program hosted by Jim Buchanan. He will continue his role with WEBE. In a statement, Bartley says, "I am very thankful to Danny Lyons and Ann McManus for giving me this awesome opportunity to help program 'Fairfield County's News and Information Leader' WICC 600 AM, and I am also looking forward to working daily with Jim Buchanan."
Portland's KXTG to Air AFL Thunder Games. As a result of a multi-year partnership agreement, Alpha Broadcasting, Portland's sports-formatted KXTG "The Game" will be the flagship station for the Portland Thunder, the city's Arena Football League team. Senior vice president and market manager Milt McConnell notes, "We are excited to be a part of bringing the high-scoring Arena Football League's Portland Thunder to our community. This is an entertaining brand that extends Alpha's 'live and local' focus." Portland Thunder owner Terry Emmert adds, "Sports fans in Oregon know that 'The Game' is the premiere sports radio station in the State. We are thrilled to have partnered with the station and Alpha Broadcasting in airing the inaugural season of Portland Thunder Arena Football. The AFL franchise will play 18 games, including nine at home at the Moda Center. KXTG is also the flagship of the Oregon Ducks and Major League Soccer's Portland Timbers.
Long-Running Syndicated Health Show 'Duke & The Doctor' Ends. One of the nation's longest-running syndicated health talk shows is ending after tomorrow's broadcast. The "Duke & The Doctor" program – co-hosted by Dr. Jan McBarron (right) and her husband Duke Liberatore (left) – has been in national syndication for more than 15 years. The couple is putting the wrap on the show at the same time they are selling their chain of six health food stores in North Georgia to Utah-based Nutraceutical. Long-time readers of TALKERS magazine and industry pros who attended TALKERS' New Media Seminar in New York City in the late 1990s and early 2000s are familiar with the colorful couple who were regular attendees at the event during those years. With the show ending and the health food store chain being sold, Dr. McBarron is focusing on her medical practice and Liberatore will become more involved with the Columbus Lions Indoor Football team of which he and McBarron are part owners.
Veteran Recognized at SOTU Featured in KFYI, Phoenix Program. When President Obama recognized US Army Ranger Sergeant First Class Cory Remsburg at the end of Tuesday's State of the Union Address, Americans were applauding a man who was also recognized as part of news/talk KFYI, Phoenix's "My Military Hero" promotion. Remsburg (pictured here at left with KFYI's Mike Broomhead), was the August 2013 military hero of the month who was featured on a local billboard in the Phoenix metro and received a $500 Visa gift card courtesy of sponsor Rio Salado College. As part of the program, Mike Broomhead (heard on KFYI weekdays 4:00 pm to 7:00 pm) meets with each hero (or their family) each month to personally thank them for their service and presents them with their winnings including a mini digital billboard.
RTDNF Names Wallace Host of First Amendment Awards. This year's host of the Radio Television Digital News Foundation (RTDNF) First Amendment Awards is Fox News Channel's Chris Wallace. The event will be held at Washington, DC's Grand Hyatt Hotel on March 12. Honorees include CBS News' Bill Plante (RTDNF "Lifetime Achievement Award"); NBC News' Lester Holt (Leonard Zeidenberg "First Amendment Award"); Gannett Broadcasting's David Lougee ("First Amendment Leadership Award"); ABC News' Robin Sproul ("First Amendment Service Award"); and The Associated Press ("First Amendment Award"). RTDNF chair Vincent Dully states, "We are delighted to have Chris Wallace as our master of ceremonies. We invite everyone to join us in Washington to honor our award recipients and support the Foundation's work for the First Amendment." Wallace received the organization's Paul White Award in 2013, the group's highest honor for a lifetime of achievement and service.
Former Tampa-Area Talk Host Arrested on Racketeering and Fraud Charges. Using the religious station as a backdrop for his program "It's God's Money," Gary L. Gauthier convinced 38 people in the Tampa area to invest in his Ponzi scheme and, according to the St. Petersburg Tribune, bilked them out of about $6 million. During 2005, Gauthier's program aired on Salem Communications-owned stations WTBN and WGUL, though it's not clear if Salem owned the stations at the time Gauthier's program aired. According to the charges, Gauthier worked with local accountant David George Dreslin on the ploy. Dreslin has also been arrested and charged. The paper's report indicates that many of the victims said they trusted Gauthier because he was broadcasting on a Christian radio station.
Odds & Sods. The "weigh-in" for WIP-FM, Philadelphia's "Wing Bowl 22" takes place this afternoon at Chickie's & Pete's as Al Morganti and Rhea Hughes broadcast live from the restaurant in a prelude to the actual sold-out "Wing Bowl" that happens Friday morning at the Wells Fargo Center…..Hubbard Radio's WTOP, Washington adds popular Washington Post columnist Clinton Yates to its lineup as a contributor with a daily commentary called, "My Take." It'll air at 5:35 and 8:35 each morning, Monday through Friday. Yates says, "Radio is the original journalism media that I fell in love with as a kid. The opportunity to work with a powerhouse station like WTOP is tremendous."…..Multi-talented broadcaster Kate Delaney – host of the syndicated "America Tonight" show – sharpens her sports talk skills as she sits in for Newy Scruggs on the NBC Sports Radio Network's midday show on Tuesday, February 4.
State of the Union Address, ObamaCare Criticism, Immigration Legislation, U.S.-Afghan Relations, Snow Paralyzes South and Financial Markets Activity Among Top News/Talk Stories Yesterday (1/29). Analysis of President Obama's State of the Union Address; scrutiny of the rollout of the Affordable Care Act; criticism of House Speaker John Boehner and plans for immigration legislation that includes amnesty; the worsening of relations between the U.S. and Afghanistan's Hamid Karzai; the winter weather that hit the South and the activity on the world's financial markets were some of the most-talked-about stories on news/talk radio yesterday, according to ongoing research from TALKERS.
Younger Demo Show Emanates for DC's ACLJ
TALKERS | May 20, 2011
By Ellen Ratner
TALK RADIO NEWS SERVICE
Bureau Chief
WASHINGTON –– There's a brand new radio talk show emanating from the offices of the American Center for Law and Justice on Maryland Avenue in Washington, DC (about as close to the capital of the United States of America as you can be and still be a private enterprise). Jordan Sekulow, the son of ACLJ chief counsel Jay Sekulow, is the director of policy and international operations for the center and co-hosts his father's talk radio show, "Jay Sekulow Live," heard on Christian stations all across the country.
Last month, Jordan began his own live talk show that is fed to affiliate stations immediately following his father's program.


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text:
Q: Derivative of equation in matrix form I need to compute first derivatives of the following function $S(w)$ with respect to $w$. Then solve it. The reason behind that is to minimize $S(w)$.
$S(w)=\sum_{i=1}^{n} w_i^{1/2} \bigg(y_i - \sum_{j=1}^{n} w_j y_j\bigg)\bigg(\sum_{j=1}^{n} w_j y_j  (1-\sum_{j=1}^{n} w_j y_j) \bigg)^{-1/2} E_i + \lambda (\sum_{j=1}^{n} w_j-1)$
where $w^{1/2}$ is a square root of vector $w$, $w$ is a vector $n\times 1$, and $y$ is a vector $n\times 1$. Note that $i =j $, $E_i$ is constant
$\frac{\partial S(w)}{\partial w} = ?$


Terrible service accepting an order for an item which although advertised as being in stock was not. Wouldn't have known this unless I had phoned customer service number. In fact terrible service is an extreme understatement. Pity it isn't possible to give minus stars here!


Hardcoded subtitles are, by definition, impossible to turn on or off - they are part of the video stream itself. Now, you probably have a subtitle file format with the extension .sub or .srt or something, or possibly just an .mkv with subtitles integrated.... 7/02/2017 · Hard subs are encoded directly into the video, so when you watch the video, you have to see the subtitles. Softsubs are like captions, you can turn them on if you want, or you can turn them off.
19/06/2010 · Best Answer: Not if they're hardcoded. I recommend that u use vlc mediaplayer... Do following steps: 1. Right click on the movieplayer. 2. Go to subtitles 3- Select: None Regards www.themoviezblogger.blogspot.com Contact the website that you purchased it from. They might let you switch movies.
Hardcoded Text to find the hardcoded strings in the .xml files; Hardcoded Strings to find the hardcoded strings in the .java files . Run it against the whole project , and you should get an inspection results panel that will show the hardcoded text instances.
23/10/2018 · If the subtitles are hard-coded, it's like they are a part of the movie. A part of the scene. No way to remove that. A part of the scene. No way to remove that.


A wall of digital animals that distract children on their way to surgery is one of the interactive installations presented by designer Jason Bruges in this movie we filmed at our Designed in Hackney Day.
In the movie, Jason Bruges shows 20 short movie clips of his studio's installations and experiments as part of the Pecha Kucha event during our Designed in Hackney Day last summer.
Among them is a project for Great Ormond Street Hospital in London, which saw the studio install a digital wallpaper along a corridor.
"The whole rationale behind the piece is to distract children on their way to surgery," explains Bruges. "We've created this sort of half-tone forest in which digital animals appear and disappear as you're wheeled through en route to surgery."
"We're a studio that crosses the boundaries of art, architecture and interaction design," he adds.
He then introduces a hotel lobby in Madrid with interactive walls of dots that change colour with every visit, and an installation of thin, wobbly lights in the Tate Britain art gallery in London.
The studio has also worked on projects with television companies, creating imaginary radio studios for a BBC ident and installations of flapping squares for TV channel More4.
A project about "energy-scavenging" on the roof of Queen Elizabeth Hall saw hundreds of tiny turbines converting wind energy into a field of light.
The studio installed a track in the Olympic Park where visitors can race 100 metres against a light representing sprinter Usain Bolt, while elsewhere in the park the studio created mechatronic bubbles for Coca-Cola.
There's also a piece for a Richard Rogers-designed building in Soho. "It's a lift that remembers all the movements it's made during the day and plays them back at night as a performance," explains Bruges, "so it fills the time from dusk to midnight with this symphony of light, which is hacked into the lift's control system."
"None of these pieces would be anything without the people who actually interact with them," he concludes.
We've featured a few projects by Jason Bruges on Dezeen, including a lighting mobile that moves around to map its surroundings and an installation of light panels that open and close like flowers – see all our stories about Jason Bruges Studio.
Designed in Hackney is a project by Dezeen to highlight the best architecture and design made in the borough, which was one of the five host boroughs for the London 2012 Olympic Games as well as being home to Dezeen's offices.


text:
Weekend van de Wetenschap is sinds 2012 een Nederlands wetenschapsevenement. Jaarlijks organiseert het NEMO wetenschap en technologiemuseum met steun van het ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap dit weekend. Het is het grootste landelijke technologie- en wetenschapsevenement van Nederland.

Het weekend maakt deel uit van Oktober Kennismaand, dat ontstond uit de van 1986 tot 2007 georganiseerde WetenWeek. Doel van het evenement is om een breed publiek kennis te laten maken met wetenschap en techniek. Veel (onderzoeks)instellingen, bedrijven, universiteiten, science centra en sterrenwachten organiseren dan publieksactiviteiten zoals rondleidingen, workshops, debatten en lezingen.

Externe link
 Officiële website

Evenement in Nederland
Wetenschap in Nederland

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Following in the Footsteps of Christ, The Anabaptist Tradition, Traditions of Christian Spirituality Series, C. Arnold Snyder, 192, Softcover
An introduction to the Anabaptists.
Women In Mission
Women In Mission, From the New Testament to Today, American Society of Missiology Series, Susan E. Smith, 224, Softcover
The first full-length study of women's changing roles in Christian mission.
A New Heaven, A New Earth
A New Heaven, A New Earth, The Bible & Catholicity, Catholicity in an Evolving Universe , Dianne Bergant, Index, 208, softcover
An exploration of the Bible and God's plan for humankind and the universe through the lens of our evolving role in co-creation with Jesus.
Catholicity and Emerging Personhood
Catholicity and Emerging Personhood , A Contemporary Theological Anthropology, Catholicity in an Evolving Universe , Daniel P. Horan, OFM, Foreword by Ilia Delio, Index, 272, softcover
A Franciscan theologian reflects on the meaning and identity of the human person in light of evolution and contemporary science.
Rabbi Zalman Schachter-Shalomi
Rabbi Zalman Schachter-Shalomi, Essential Teachings, Modern Spiritual Masters Series, Or N. Rose, Netanel Miles-Yépez, 256, softcover
Selected writings by one of the most creative and influential Jewish spiritual teachers of the late twentieth-century.
Creation's Wisdom
Creation's Wisdom, Spiritual Practice and Climate Change, Ecology & Justice Series, Daniel Wolpert, 184, softcover
Points the way to a spirituality attuned to our time of climate crisis and disruption.
Moral Struggle and the Prophets
Moral Struggle and The Prophets, Walking with God: The Sermon Series of Howard Thurman, Peter Eisenstadt, Walter Earl Fluker, 240, softcover
First time in print, first volume that gathers Howard Thurman's influential Sermon Series.
The Earth Cries Out
The Earth Cries Out, How Faith Communities Meet the Challenges of Sustainability, Ecology & Justice Series, Gary Gardner, index, 176, softcover
The Earth Cries Out describes best practices of faith communities responding to the impending climate and sustainability emergency, and presents the next...
The Way of the Mystics
The Way of the Mystics, Walking with God: The Sermon Series of Howard Thurman, Volume 2, Walking with God: The Sermon Series Volume 2, Howard Thurman, Peter Eisenstadt , Walter Earl Fluker, Index, 192, sc
"Finding this volume of Howard Thurman's sermons is like finding the first layer of a life-changing archaeological discovery—one that shifts...
Eyes to See, Ears to Hear, An Introduction to Ignatian Spirituality, David Lonsdale, 208, Softcover
A path to God in which the truth of a life lived in discernment is consistent with Christian spirituality.
Heart Speaks to Heart
Heart Speaks to Heart, The Salesian Spiritual Tradition, Traditions of Christian Spirituality Series, Wendy M. Wright, 160, Softcover
The Salesian tradition is rooted in the witness of two extraordinary saints - Francis de Sales and Jane de Chantal.
A Reader's Guide to Transforming Mission
A Reader's Guide to Transforming Mission, American Society of Missiology Series, Stan Nussbaum, 160, Softcover
Presents David Bosch's classic Transforming Mission--with over 50,000 copies in print and translations in eight languages--in an accessible format for beginning students and lay reading groups.


text:
K. D. dos Santos
K. R. Santos
F. Cavalcante
N. Iorio
H. de Lencastre
Staphylococcus haemolyticus as an Important Hospital Pathogen and Carrier of Methicillin Resistance Genes
E. Barros, H. Ceotto, M. C. Bastos, K. D. dos Santos, M. Giambiagi-deMarval
ABSTRACT Phenotypic and molecular methods were used to characterize the antibiotic resistance of 64 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus. By PCR of the mecA gene, 87% were found to be… Expand
Inhibitory properties of Coffea canephora extract against oral bacteria and its effect on demineralisation of deciduous teeth.
A. Antonio, N. Iorio, +4 authors L. Maia
Archives of oral biology
OBJECTIVES The antibacterial activity of Coffea canephora extract was evaluated in vitro against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. The viability of planktonic cells was analysed by… Expand
Modification of the Congo red agar method to detect biofilm production by Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Thaís Dias Lemos Kaiser, E. M. Pereira, K. D. dos Santos, E. L. Maciel, R. P. Schuenck, A. P. Nunes
Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease
Staphylococcus epidermidis in immunocompromised patients can cause bacteremia related to the use of catheter due to biofilm production. There are different phenotypic methods to detect biofilm… Expand
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Rio de Janeiro hospitals: dissemination of the USA400/ST1 and USA800/ST5 SCCmec type IV and USA100/ST5 SCCmec type II lineages in a public institution…
R. F. Caboclo, F. Cavalcante, +5 authors K. D. dos Santos
American journal of infection control
BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have changed since certain non-multiresistant MRSA lineages have emerged in hospitals. In this study, 99 MRSA isolates, 77… Expand
Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus: methicillin-resistant isolates are detected directly in blood cultures by multiplex PCR.
E. M. Pereira, R. P. Schuenck, +5 authors K. D. dos Santos
In this study, we standardized and evaluated a multiplex-PCR methodology using specific primers to identify Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus and their… Expand
Production of bacteriocins by coagulase-negative staphylococci involved in bovine mastitis.
J. dos Santos Nascimento, P. Fagundes, Maria Aparecida Vasconcelos de Paiva Brito, K. D. dos Santos, M. do Carmo de Freire Bastos
In the present study, 188 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) strains were isolated from bovine mastitis cases from 56 different Brazilian dairy herds, located in the Southeast region of the… Expand
Characterization of virulence factors and clonal diversity of Enterococcus faecalis isolates from treated dental root canals.
G. O. Zoletti, E. M. Pereira, R. P. Schuenck, L. Teixeira, J. F. Siqueira, K. D. dos Santos
The high prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis in root canal treated teeth with post-treatment disease, as evidenced by both molecular and traditional culturing methods, suggests that this species may… Expand
Simplified and Reliable Scheme for Species-Level Identification of Staphylococcus Clinical Isolates
N. Iorio, R. Ferreira, +5 authors K. D. dos Santos
ABSTRACT Reliable and rapid identification of staphylococcal strains continues to be a problem faced by many microbiology laboratories. This study evaluates a simplified method that uses a flowchart… Expand
Staphylococcus aureus isolates belonging to different multilocus sequence types present specific virulence gene profiles.
R. P. Schuenck, F. Cavalcante, E. Emery, Márcia Giambiagi-de Marval, K. D. dos Santos
FEMS immunology and medical microbiology
To characterize 73 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from infections in an orthopedic hospital in Rio de Janeiro, we investigated the SCCmec types, the clonality by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and… Expand
Detection of ileS-2 gene encoding mupirocin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by multiplex PCR.
E. Nunes, K. D. dos Santos, P. Mondino, M. C. Bastos, M. Giambiagi-deMarval
The presence of the ileS-2 gene, responsible for mupirocin resistance, in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Three… Expand


text:
Бизнес-ланч () — удобная еда в обеденное время для занятых людей, она, как правило, быстрого приготовления и недорогая, сытная и вкусная, но не тяжёлая. Вид ланча (обеда в англоговорящих странах), включает набор из нескольких блюд, как правило супа, горячего с гарниром, салата и напитка. Бизнес-ланчи значатся в меню особым пунктом и чаще всего доступны к заказу в определённое время — с 12 до 15 часов. Во время этого обеда обсуждается бизнес с другими деловыми людьми или клиентами.

В деловой среде бизнес-ланч — это один из самых распространённых видов деловых встреч, среди которых также выделяют встречу менеджеров отрасли и встречу в неформальной обстановке.

История

Термин «бизнес-ланч» заимствован из английского языка и в XX веке считался институцией, символизирующей Запад. Как правило, бизнес-ланч практикует средний класс. Как классовый образец поведения впервые появился в капиталистической Польше.

В XX веке бизнес-ланч так широко распространился, что в результате термин стал иногда употребляться неодобрительно, с иронией и издёвкой.

Описание
Меню бизнес-ланча может изменяться еженедельно. У бизнес-ланча есть несколько преимуществ, ценных для занятых людей:

Небольшое время приготовления — блюда для бизнес-ланча каждое заведение подбирает таким образом, чтобы их можно было быстро сервировать и подать, соответственно, клиент мог поесть, уложившись в рамки небольшого обеденного перерыва.

Более выгодная по сравнению с остальным меню цена — полноценный бизнес-ланч обходится относительно недорого, снижение стоимости иногда достигается за счёт уменьшения , а в других случаях — благодаря массовому приготовлению блюд.

Сегодня почти в любом заведении общественного питания любого типа (ресторан, кафе, столовая и др.) реализуются бизнес-ланчи. Они позволяют привлечь постоянных гостей в заведение, упростить меню. Поскольку в каждой стране существует свой язык, культура, то и бизнес-ланчи соответственно отличаются количеством и типом блюд.

См. также

 Деловое общение

Примечания

Ссылки

Питание
Приёмы пищи


text:
Math education: Mom, what's a 'times table'?
AP MEMBER FEATURE EXCHANGE ADVANCE FOR MARCH 29-30 -- In this March 7, 2014 photo, Nate Studley works on solving a 5x5 Rubik's Cube at Freetown-Lakeville Middle School in Freetown, Mass. Math teacher Nate Eleuterio teaches his students to follow a series of steps to solve an equation, also known as an algorithm, to master a Rubik's Cube. (AP Photot/The Standard-Times, John Sladewski)
John Sladewski/The Associated Press
Published March 28, 2014 Updated March 28, 2014
At one time, it was mandatory for students to memorize their times tables and learn to add and subtract without counting on their fingers. But it fell out of fashion years ago, displaced in most provincial curriculums by "discovery learning," which encourages children to come up with their own creative approaches to solving real-world math problems. Or, as is often the case, not solving them.
Formal math training and rote learning were jettisoned, victims of a creeping fear that children would be turned off math because they found drills stifling. As it turns out, for kids learning math, there's something even more off-putting than boredom: a lack of knowledge, and struggling to solve real-world problems because they lack a strong grounding in math fundamentals.
Without a firm grasp of math basics, even the brightest students can fall behind. Discovery learning may be popular, but it doesn't necessarily work. One seminal paper, published in 2006 in Educational Psychologist, which reviewed more than 100 empirical studies on discovery learning, concluded: "After a half-century of advocacy associated with instruction using minimal guidance, it appears there is no body of research supporting the technique." Students may like making up their own rules when it comes to math, but they don't learn much doing it.
That's why Ontario and Alberta are right to be changing course. Last week, both provinces signalled subtle but significant changes to math instruction that show the tide is turning against discovery learning. Alberta's Education Minister, Jeff Johnson, instructed his ministry to ensure reciting the times tables and recalling other basic math facts be brought "front and centre" in the classroom starting this fall. Ontario's Education Minister, Liz Sandals, followed suit: "We expect kids to know their basic math facts," she said. "That's actually a great homework assignment: Learn your multiplication tables."
To the casual observer their statements may sound like time-tested truisms, but to close followers of the "math wars," they represent a stunning climbdown for both provinces, and proof of the so-called PISA effect. The term refers to sweeping policy changes that tend to follow in the wake of the results from the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment, which compares how 15-year-olds in 65 countries perform in math, reading and science.
Last December, the survey revealed nine countries outperformed Canada in math – not a particularly terrible result. But what's worrisome is the trend line: Canadian students are getting worse, not better. Our math performance has slipped since 2006. When it comes to math, Canada was once held up as a global example of excellence. Today, it looks as if we are headed to become a case study in how to go from top of the class to epically average.
The good news: Alberta and Ontario policy-makers finally seem to recognize there's a problem, and have shown themselves willing to make the changes necessary to prevent Canadian students from falling further behind. Canada is also lucky in the sense that it can learn from laboratories within its borders, and from its own past. Quebec students did noticeably better than those in the rest of the country on the latest PISA results, and scored on par with top-tier Asian countries such as Japan. Why? The province has more rigorous teacher training. Quebec also essentially ignored the fad of discovery learning, while the rest of the country embraced it.
If Quebec is held up as a model of math education, Alberta offers a glimpse of what not to do. In the early 1990s, Alberta was spurred into sweeping educational reforms aimed at bringing its students on par with their peers in countries that showed outstanding academic outcomes: Japan, Germany and Hungary. The province, under pressure from both business and parents, urged policy-makers to go "back to basics" in the classroom. Alberta implemented rigorous testing, invested heavily in education and lifted its standards for teacher training. Student results improved. But once the province fell under spell of discovery math – around 2008 – many of those gains were lost.
By 2012, 15.1 per cent of Alberta's students failed to meet baseline levels of math proficiency, according to the PISA survey. And Alberta produced fewer high-achieving students – 16.9 per cent of students in 2012, compared with 26.8 per cent in 2003. Over a nine-year span, Alberta posted the second-largest decline in math scores in Canada, right behind Manitoba.
It would be wrong to single out discovery math as the only culprit to blame for Canada's declining math scores. Teacher selection and training and investment in education also play major roles. But it would be even more egregious for education policy-makers to pretend discovery math has been a boon for learning outcomes. It hasn't. Canada's sliding PISA scores show the pendulum has swung too far in favour of discovery math, and Canadian students are paying the price. Ultimately, so are the rest of us. Math is the foundation for engineering, finance and the sciences. If Canadians want to compete on a global scale, our students' abilities in math matter.
When other countries faced poor or falling PISA scores, they instituted sweeping reforms to reverse the trend. Poland boosted middling reading results by dramatically increasing the number of hours spent on language instruction. South Korea has emerged as an education powerhouse in a relatively short period of time, with an ambitious plan to digitize classrooms and trade in traditional textbooks for interactive ones. Alberta and Ontario's small nods to curriculum change are welcome. But only if they signify the first steps toward broader reform that dials back on discovery learning.
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