New Laptop - Ramblings of Mad Shutterbug & the Border Collie Bros.
At any rate, it is a Gateway MS6455, AMD cpu, 1 Gb RAM, 120 Gb HD, and a 15" screen. Which will help in that it's likely to be a continuing thing that the laptop serves as my primary computer for a while. Meaning, of course, all my photography work gets done on the laptop. So that bigger screen will come in for something.
It is not, quite yet, up to 100% functional. First of all, I need to load antivirus software. Oh, yes, it comes with a "free trial" of McAfee. On the other hand, I'm less than impressed with McAfee these days (being something of an old fan as it were), and extremely less than impressed with Symantec's Norton Antivirus. So I'm going with AVG.
Then we get into the other software I use. And the data transfers (already some work done on that, in terms of getting ready). But I anticipate being up and going in relatively short order.
At which point, the old laptop (still servicable, just acting a bit flaky which I'm not totally convinced isn't a need to re-format, and re-install software due to Micro Shaft Garbage Accumulation (hmm, a new acronym? MSGA... not to be confused with another bit of garbage, MSG) will undergo said re-formatting of hard drive, and re-installation of W2K, and a smaller software package including the application for Herself's Husqavarna (did I spell that correctly?) and her sewing business.
Things to play wit peeectures on!
As in anti-virus? Will check, but curious.
i love avast. free for the home user. pay out the nose if you're corporate. updated daily databases.
How heavy is the laptop?
I have had it since pre- accident. My only complaint is that it is too heavy for me to carry now. It has a 21 inch monitor but that isn't the heavy part. So when I get the money (if it ever happens) I am looking for a lighter laptop.
According to the spec sheet I looked at via "Worst Buy" it's 6.3 pounds. I'm figuring on what my briefcase weighed coming in today; laptop, ac power source, wallet of CD's needed (software), and some other things. Including that weight because I'll need to bring a card-reader with me for the compact flash cards. If your camera uses secure digital it's good to go, has a card reader built in.
Try this link for specifics, but if that doesn't work then best buy dot com, computers, notebooks, gateway mx6455.
Thinking of a Mac, anyway...Windows is driving me crazy.


WILLIAM WYNNE RYLAND was an engraver of great ability, and received a pension from both the King and Queen, who held him in high estimation as an artist. Fortune had smiled upon Mr Ryland, even from his birth, until his evil genius prompted him, for gold, to debase his talents in engraving for the purpose of committing forgery.
He was a native of Wales. His father had been patronised by the late Sir Watkin Williams Wynne, who jocosely said that if ever Mr Ryland should marry he would be the godfather of his first son. This soon after happened, and the unfortunate subject of this history, being the first-born of such marriage, was named William Wynne, by desire of the worthy baronet.
Ryland gave early proof of his genius, for while in the former part of his apprenticeship he engraved a head of his godfather, Sir Watkin Williams Wynne, which was esteemed a production of singular merit for so young an artist.
Having faithfully served his time, he visited the French and Italian schools, and obtained the honorary medal in Paris. On his return to England he introduced the admired art of engraving copper-plates to yield an impression resembling drawing in chalk; and soon after his Majesty ascended the throne he appointed Mr Ryland his engraver, with a salary of two hundred pounds a year, and the Queen added one hundred pounds a year more, out of her privy purse, as a testimony of her approbation of his extraordinary talents.
Mr Ryland entered into partnership with a Mr Bryer, and they jointly opened a shop in Cornhill, where they carried on a very extensive trade in prints, the former stil1 continuing to exercise his abilities in the art of engraving. Though their business was productive of great profit, several capital losses occurred almost at the same time, and their pecuniary affairs became so deranged that a bankruptcy ensued.
Some years after this failure Mr Ryland, on his own separate account, opened a print-shop in the Strand, where he had every prospect of success; but being fond of a private life, where he might have leisure to "pursue coy Science in her last retreat," he declined public business and retired to Pimlico, thence to Knightsbridge, where, by one fatal act, he entirely ruined his reputation as a man: but his name as an artist will ever stand in the highest estimation.
At this time Mr Ryland had recovered his losses in trade, and had been bequeathed shares in the Liverpool Waterworks which were then deemed to be worth ten thousand pounds. His business was worth two thousand pounds a year, and his stock was valued at ten thousand pounds more. Such was his own statement of his property in his defence on his trial; and it was supposed that, in order to engross the remaining shares in his Liverpool concern, he committed the forgery for which he suffered.
He had already obtained several sums on forgeries, Mr Nightingale, the banker, having advanced him, on the 19th of September, 1782, three thousand pounds; and such was his opinion of Mr Ryland that he declared he would have lent him that sum without any deposit whatever.
The forged instruments so exactly resembled the real bills that it was scarcely possible to know one from the other. But at length it was discovered that two bills of the same tenor and date were out, consequently one of them must be a forgery.
Suspicion now fell so strongly on Ryland that he was induced to secret himself; and a reward was offered for his apprehension. He went in disguise to Stepney, and there took an obscure lodging at the hovel of one Richard Freeman, a cobbler, accompanied by Mrs Ryland, the wretched partner of his misfortune, passing as Mr and Mrs Jackson.
There he some time evaded the search after him, till one fatal step of the unfortunate woman, who was watching over his safety, caused his apprehension. She brought, unconscious of danger, one of her husband's shoes to the cobbler to be mended, with the name of "Ryland" on the inside of it. This was fatal: the cobbler, in order to obtain the reward, delivered up his lodger.
When the officers of justice went to apprehend Ryland they found him in a corner of the room on his knees, and heard a noise like a guggling in his throat, which was occasioned by his having cut it. He had a razor in his hand, and a basin stood before him; but the wound did not prove mortal. On the 26th of July, 1783, he was arraigned at the bar of the Old Bailey, on an indictment charging him with "forging, and uttering, knowing it to be forged, a certain bill of exchange for two hundred and ten pounds sterling, purporting it to be a bill drawn by the gentlemen of the factory, at Fort Saint George, in Madras, on the Honourable East India Company, with intent to defraud the said Company, and divers other persons, to whom he had passed the said bill."
He was found guilty, and, his crime admitting of no mercy, was executed at Tyburn in August, 1783.


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text:
Introduction | Task | Process | Roles | Resources
Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein at the age of eighteen. She had eloped with Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley to Geneva, Switzerland. The Shelleys visited Percy Shelley's friend George Gordon, Lord Byron and Byron's doctor John Polidori at the Villa Diodata In Geneva. The weather was awful, and to pass the time, the group read ghost stories, and Lord Byron suggested they each write their own supernatural tale. thus, the monster was born. Frankenstein has never been out of print1.
The galvanism experiments conducted by Erasmus Darwin (ancestor of Charles), the burgeoning Industrial revolution, and Questions regarding exploration and science influenced Shelley's construction of the novel2. The novel still challenges readers to think about nature versus nurture, the ethics of science, and the question of responsibility as well as the relationship between creator and Creation.
Task3
You will create a scientific journal that explores some of the issues raised in the novel through a modern lens. You will research issues related to cloning and stem cell research, analyze themes in the novel, and develop an informed opinion on these topics. You will work in a group consisting of an editor-in-chief, a copy editor, and a photo/graphic editor.
Decide who will fulfill each role.
Assign each group member one essential question/theme from the novel.
Individually locate, read, summarize, and critique one article on stem cell research or cloning.
Individually research your theme, using both the novel and related sites on the internet and write an essay on the theme.
Discuss the place of cloning, stem cell research, and science in our society to form an informed group opinion.
locate graphics and political cartoons relevant to the articles and opinions of the group members.
Create an MLA Works Cited page for information and graphics used in the journal.
organize all articles, essays, graphics, and the works cited page into a scientific journal using Microsoft publisher or Apple iWork Pages.
Your group will contain the following members:
This group member is responsible for organizing all materials, keeping the group on task and aware of deadlines, and writing the collection group opinion essay. Click here for a rubric for this role.
This group member is responsible for creating the actual journal in publisher or pages. Ideally, this member should have his/her own laptop computer with this software installed. Click here for a rubric for this role.
Photo/Graphic editor
This group member is responsible for locating graphics and political cartoons for the journal and for compiling the Works Cited page. Click here for a rubric for this role.
Each group member will research a theme from the novel and write an essay on that theme. each member will also find, read, summarize, and critique one article on cloning or stem cells to share with the group. From these articles, the group will discuss the place of these issues in our society to come up with a group position on these issues. all group members are responsible for turning in all materials on time so the copy editor can create the journal.
Note: If due to class size, your group must consist of four members, the fourth member should float among the three positions, helping each and contribute his/her own article and essay to the scientific journal; thus, this group's journal will be somewhat larger than that expected by groups with three members.
Science article Web Sites
New Scientist Stem Cells and Cloning
Cloning articles collected by Arizona State University West
Cloning Fact Sheet from Human Genome Project
Cloning from University of Utah Genetic science learning Center
Time Newsfile on Cloning
Cloning from the National Human Genome Research Institute
Stem Cell information from the National Institutes of Health
Stem Cells from University of Utah Genetic science learning center
New York Times topics collection of articles on Stem Cells
Political Cartoon Web sites
Daryl Cagle's Professional Cartoonists index
John Klossner's TechToons
Theme/Essential Questions sites and resources
If your group contains four members, each of you should select one of these themes. If there are three, one person should select either "Taking responsibility" or "Creator and Creation," while the other two explore "science and Exploration" and "Nature versus Nurture."
Levine, George. "frankenstein and the tradition of Realism." frankenstein. Ed. J. Paul Hunter, New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1996. 208-214. Print.
Anonymous. From Knight's Quarterly (Aug.-Nov. 1824). frankenstein. Ed. J. Paul Hunter. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1996. 197-200. print.
Burns, Alisa. "Frankenstein of the future." monsters. Oct. 2002. Michael A. Delahoyde. Web. 27 Dec. 2009.
Coulter, Susan. "frankenstein: A cautionary Tale of Bad Parenting." mary shelley and frankenstein. 26 Jun. 2001. Kim A. Woodbridge. Web. 27 Dec. 2009.
Pamintuan, Tina. "'It's Alive: Frankenstein's Monster and Modern Science." humanities. 23.5 (September/October 2002). Web. 27 Dec. 2009.
Johnson, Zachary. "Luddite Influence in Mary Shelley's frankenstein." hamhock's. 6 Dec. 1998. Web. 27 Dec. 2009.
Science and exploration
Butler, Marilyn. "frankenstein and radical science." frankenstein. ed. J. Paul Hunter. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1996. 302-313. Print.
Storment, SuZanna. "frankenstein: The Man and the Monster." Monsters. Oct. 2002. Michael A. Delahoyde. Web. 27 Dec. 2009.
"frankenstein: Penetrating the secrets of Nature." united states national library of medicine. 12 Oct. 2009. web. 27 dec. 2009.
rohrmoser Andreas, "The origin of a Myth: Mary Shelley's Novel frankenstein." frankensteinfilms.com. 2007. Web. 27 Dec. 2009.
Creator and creation
Moers, Ellen. "Female Gothic: The Monster's Mother." frankenstein. Ed. J. Paul Hunter. New York: W.W. Norton & company, 1996. 214-224. Print.
Gilbert, Sandra M. and Susan Gubar. "Mary Shelley's Monstrous Eve." frankenstein. Ed. J. Paul Hunter. New York: W.W. Norton & company, 1996. 225-240. Print.
Shelley, Mary. "Introduction to frankenstein, Third edition (1831)." frankenstein. Ed. J. Paul Hunter, New York: W.W. Norton & company, 1996. 169-173. Print.
Bushi, Ruth. "The Author is Become a Creator-God: The deification of Creativity in frankenstein." mary shelley and frankenstein. 15 oct. 2002. Kim A. Woodbridge. Web. 27 Dec. 2009.
Smith, Nicole. "Analysis of frankenstein by Mary shelley: Morality without god." article myriad. 2009. web. 27 Dec. 2009.
Beal, Timothy Candler. religion and its monsters. 2002. Routledge. Web. 27 Dec. 2009.
Nature versus Nurture
Shelley, Percy Bysshe. "On frankenstein." frankenstein. Ed. J paul Hunter. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1996. 185-186. Print.
Jones, Bethany. "Masculinity in frankenstein: A product of nature or nurture?" associated content: Arts and entertainment. 3 oct. 2007. Associated Content. Web. 27 Dec. 2009.
Woodbridge, Kim A. "The 'Birth' of a Monster." mary shelley and frankenstein. 26 Jun. 2001. Kim A Woodbridge. Web. 27 Dec. 2009.
Hacker, Diana. A Writer's Reference. 6th. New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2009. Print.
Warlick, David. Landmark's Son of Citation Machine. The Landmark Project. web. 27 Dec. 2009.
1.Hunter, J. Paul. From the Preface of Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1996, xi. Print.
2.Shelley, Mary. From the preface of Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1996, 5. Print.
3.Waselko, David. "Frankenstein WebQuest." Mr. Waselko. 30 Jan. 2005. Web. 27 Dec. 2009.
Video: "Frankenstein Trailer." IMDb. Web. 27 Dec. 2009.
Image: "Bride of Frankenstein." GoreMaster News. Web. 27 Dec. 2009.
Cartoon: Fairrington, Brian. "Cloningfrankenstein." cagle's politicalcartoons.com. Web. 27 Dec. 2009.
Layout: Apple iWork's iWeb.
Last updated: 27 Dec. 2009.
This WebQuest is licensed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License.
I saw the pale student of unhallowed arts kneeling beside the thing he had put together...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Assembly member Levine's battle to end 'pink tax' on consumer goods not over
By Michael Carroll | Jul 27, 2017
SACRAMENTO — California legislation that would ban gender bias in product pricing has been sidelined for this year, but opponents vow to keep fighting what they see as a job-killing bill that would unleash a flurry of "drive-by litigation."
AB 1576, authored by Assembly member Marc Levine (D-Marin County), sailed through the Assembly Judiciary Committee 7-2 earlier this year, but Levine placed it into the inactive file last month as concerns about the measure seemed to mount.
"The corporate interests opposed to the bill made it impossible to take up AB 1576 for a vote this year" on the Assembly floor, Levine said in an email to the Northern California Record. "I remain committed to end discrimination women face in society and plan to advance the bill next year."
| Pexels.com
Under existing California law, businesses establishments cannot discriminate in the way they treat customers, and a 1995 law bars gender discrimination in the prices charged for substantially similar services. Levine's Gender Price Discrimination Act would have extended this concept to consumer goods.
The bill defines "substantially similar" goods as those of the same quality and brand, sharing the same functional parts and consisting of similar materials.
Levine's office has pointed to a 2015 New York City Department of Consumer Affairs survey that examined almost 800 similar products marketed specifically to either males or females. The products marketed to women are more expensive 42 percent of the time, while products marketed to men were more costly only 18 percent of the time, according to the survey.
Gender-based discrepancies were also noted in products marketed toward young boys and girls. In turn, Levine's office has called for ending this apparent pricing differential that has been dubbed the "pink tax."
But business-oriented groups such as the California Chamber of Commerce and the California Retailers Association have panned the legislation as vague and harmful to small businesses.
"California businesses do not need exposure to another layer of such extortionist litigation as AB 1576 will create," the California Chamber said in a memo.
Faith Conley, vice president of government affairs for the Civil Justice Association of California, said the bill's reference to "substantially similar products" lacks clarity and will be a magnet for more lawsuits against businesses. The bill, according to the state legislature's analysis, would allow aggrieved parties to sue for damages of not less than $4,000 plus court costs.
"In Southern California, we have a lot of minority-owned businesses," Conley said. "We think this will hit that population most."
She predicted that passage of the Levine bill would have led to an uptick in frivolous litigation, similar to how provisions of the Americans With Disabilities Act led to lawsuits targeted against commercial establishments in California. Millions of products sold in the state would be affected by the Levine bill, Conley said.
"This will be another layer of attacks on those businesses and possibly target those people who are just trying to make a living in their communities," she said.
The bill has been amended to state that nothing in it would prohibit price differences based on gender-neutral factors such as labor costs, material differences or tariffs. But the loopholes in the bill will be enough to bring parties to court, including disputes over a small price differences, Conley said.
She does not discount that there may be merit to the larger issue of products marketed toward specific genders, but a bill that simply allows attorneys and clients to file more lawsuits and make money isn't the right approach, Conley said.
"It's hard to solve that with a bill that remains so vague on what the differences in the products might be and what they're based on," she said.
In San Francisco's Chinatown, businesses import products from China and would be put in the difficult decision of deciding which products are targeted to specific genders, according to Conley.
Key supporters of the bill include the California National Organization for Women and the Consumer Attorneys of California, which say that women are hit with a double whammy in being paid less than men and being charged more for many similar products.
Opponents include the group California Citizens Against Lawsuit Abuse, whose representative for Northern and Central California, Julie Griffiths, told the Northern California Record that the bill relies heavily on lawsuits for enforcement and would unfairly target smaller businesses, putting them at financial risk.
The California Chamber of Commerce also raised the concern that the bill would force businesses to obsess over which products are marketed or placed on displays to appeal to a single gender. Studies have shown that focusing on gender labels can encourage stereotyping and lead to possible negative effects on child development, the chamber reported.
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Choose from the any of the topics below to find quick answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about the NEXUS project.
What is the NEXUS pipeline project?
Additional pipeline transportation infrastructure is needed in the upper U.S. Midwest and Ontario, Canada to support the growing demand for clean-burning natural gas. Another key driver of the project is to help offset the impact of the decline in traditional western Canadian supplies available to serve these markets. As such, the lead developers for Nexus Gas Transmission (NEXUS) have secured significant market interest in new natural gas supplies to provide increased energy diversity, security and reliability to the Ohio, Michigan, Chicago and Ontario markets. The natural gas pipeline corridor originates in Ohio, extends to Michigan and ends in Ontario.
NEXUS is designed to deliver 1.5 billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d) and will consist of a newly-constructed greenfield pipeline that will extend approximately 250 miles from receipt points in eastern Ohio to interconnects with the existing pipeline grid in southeastern Michigan. The NEXUS project will provide a seamless transportation path for emerging Appalachian shale gas supplies to Dawn, Ontario, by efficiently utilizing both existing and expansion capacity on the DTE Gas transportation system and the Vector Pipeline (Vector) System to access Chicago and the Dawn Hub. The project will help meet the growing environmental need for cleaner and more affordable fuels for power generation and for industrial and commercial customers, as well as home heating and domestic use.
Who are the lead developers of the NEXUS pipeline project?
DTE Energy is a Detroit, Michigan-based diversified energy company with natural gas and electric operations in all segments of the industry. For further information, visit DTE ENERGY.
Spectra Energy Partners is one of the largest MLPs in the United States and owns interests in pipeline and storage facilities that connect growing supply areas to high-demand markets for natural gas and crude oil.
When will the NEXUS pipeline be in service?
How does natural gas get to consumers? What is a natural gas interstate transmission pipeline?
From wellhead collection points, natural gas is processed to separate valuable components, like oil and natural gas liquids, from impurities, like water, carbon dioxide, and sulfur, which could cause pipeline corrosion.
The interstate natural gas pipeline network delivers natural gas directly to some large commercial and industrial consumers, like utilities. The remainder is delivered to local distribution companies which add odorant – to enhance detection of even small leaks – before transporting the gas through smaller distribution pipes, or "mains," to millions of businesses and homes throughout the U.S. Natural gas companies can store natural gas underground so it can be used during periods of high demand.
The pipeline is built of high-strength carbon steel and is coated with fusion-bonded epoxy, a corrosion-resistant, nonconductive resin that forms a waterproof seal around the pipe. Coating on the entire pipeline is electronically inspected before the pipeline is placed in the ground.
The U.S. Department of Transportation ("USDOT") regulates the safety of interstate pipelines and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ("FERC") is the lead agency for the siting and construction of new and/or expanded interstate pipeline facilities.
While NEXUS is an interstate pipeline, other pipelines may be called "intrastate" pipelines. Intrastate natural gas pipelines operate within state borders and link natural gas producers to local markets and to the interstate pipeline network. Although an intrastate pipeline system is defined as one that operates totally within a state, an intrastate pipeline company may have operations in more than one state. As long as these operations are separate, that is, they do not physically interconnect, they are considered intrastate and are not jurisdictional to the FERC.
What are safety measures for this project?
NEXUS Gas Transmission is dedicated to the safe, reliable operation of facilities and the protection of employees, the public and the environment.
Natural gas pipelines monitor and control safety in many ways and use many different tools. Collectively, these tools make natural gas transmission pipelines one of the safest forms of energy transportation. NEXUS safety programs are designed to prevent pipeline failures, detect anomalies, perform repairs and often exceed regulatory requirements.
The U.S. Department of Transportation's ("USDOT") Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration ("PHMSA") oversees the safety of interstate natural gas pipelines and mandates minimum requirements, from the design and construction to testing, operations, maintenance and emergency response. The new pipeline will operate in strict accordance with all federal and state safety requirements.
NEXUS will work closely with local public safety officials to provide them with a thorough awareness of pipelines and pipeline safety.
Once the facilities are placed in service, NEXUS will implement operation procedures designed to monitor the pipeline 24 hours a day/7 days a week, and NEXUS maintains the facilities per applicable federal and state regulations.
To ensure our pipelines remain in safe and reliable operating condition, we employ a number of techniques – from high-tech monitoring at our gas control centers to foot patrols of pipeline right-of-ways.
Gas Control – Our high-tech computer control center is staffed 24-hours a day and monitors the flow of natural gas. As an added safety measure, remote control equipment is installed along the pipeline system, enabling us to operate valves remotely from gas control.
Gas Measurement – We precisely measure the quantity of natural gas along the pipeline as well as sample the natural gas at many sites to identify potential corrosive components.
Rectifiers and Cathodic Protection – Rectifiers transfer a regulated amount of current flow to the pipelines and receive electric current from AC sources like power lines. We check all rectifiers along the pipeline system every two months to ensure they are operating properly. Proper electric current flow along the surface of a pipeline impedes corrosive activity and prolongs the useful life of pipelines for many decades. The amount of electric current applied to the pipelines is harmless to humans, animals and plant life.
Above/Below Ground Coating Maintenance – Above and below ground pipeline facilities are protected by a coating that inhibits corrosion. Routine visual inspection of all above-ground facilities is conducted to determine if any coating damage or deterioration has occurred. During excavation or maintenance activities, we always inspect the coating for damage or deterioration.
Internal Pipe Cleaning – Our pipeline facilities are cleaned to minimize internal corrosion. Cleaning is conducted using devices called "pigs" that travel inside designated sections of the pipeline and remove liquids and debris from inside the pipe.
Inline Inspection – Inline inspections are performed with "smart pigs" which are mechanical tools that allow us to see the pipeline from the inside. These inline inspections can locate possible internal and external corrosion or other irregularities in the pipeline.
Ground Surveys – The pipeline right-of-way is patrolled in populated areas and some other areas of interest on foot and by vehicle. These ground surveys can reveal leaks and other potential issues.
Leak Surveys – We routinely perform leak surveys on all of our facilities. These leak surveys look for fugitive emissions of natural gas. Many miles of the pipeline are surveyed with ground surveying techniques and aerial patrols are also used.
Aerial Patrols – Company planes conduct aerial patrols of the pipeline right-of-ways at least once a week. The aerial patrol looks for ground changes, construction activities or other conditions that could affect the pipeline.
Waterway Inspections – Locations where the pipeline crosses waterways are inspected at the surface every year to check for bank erosion, visible pipeline exposure and natural gas leaks indicated by bubbles. Many waterway crossings are inspected at the bottom of the waterway each year by contract divers under our direction. These divers determine if the pipeline is adequately covered.
Right-of-Way Maintenance – Mowing and clearing the right-of-way allows us to patrol the area by ground and air to discover activity that could lead to pipeline damage. It also allows the company to easily discover leaks and natural earth movement that could damage the pipeline facilities.
Sign/Marker Maintenance – Markers and signs are posted along our pipeline right-of-ways to inform the public of the presence of the natural gas pipelines. The markers are placed at street and road crossings, railroad crossings and other significantly visible points along the right-of-way to reduce the possibility of damage to or interference with the pipeline.
In densely populated areas, we frequently place the markers within "line of sight" proximity – this means the markers are so close together that you can see from one marker to the next. Markers and signs include our name and the phone number to call if any abnormal condition or suspicious activity is detected that would threaten the integrity of the pipeline. In addition, 1 foot below natural grade, we install a bright yellow warning ribbon reflecting the location of the pipeline to notify potential excavators of the pipe's location.
PHMSA has a number of enforcement options if it identifies safety concerns, finds noncompliance or if there is an incident. To learn more about pipeline safety and regulations, visit the PHMSA website.
Regulatory authorities, including the U.S. Department of Transportation ("DOT"), have established that natural gas transmission pipelines are the safest method of transporting energy products. The companies developing the NEXUS project have decades of collective experience in safely designing, planning, constructing, operating and maintaining a vast network of natural gas pipelines. Safety is our number one priority. Our dedication to continuously improve operational safety practices stems from a relentless focus on protecting the people within the communities where we operate, our employees and the environment. While we already have a strong safety record and implement rigorous safety practices, our goal is zero incidents. No incident is acceptable. When issues are identified, we work hard to quickly, safely and properly remedy the situation as well as learn from them in order to continuously improve.
What other maintenance activities does Spectra Energy Partners apply to its existing pipelines and will they be applied to NEXUS?
Spectra Energy Partners' integrity management program also includes detailed risk analysis, integrity assessments that utilize in-line inspections and pressure testing, field investigations, scheduled maintenance, and ongoing evaluation, innovation and improvements.
Spectra Energy Partners has also implemented tremendous technological developments in a number of important areas, including the pipe manufacturing process, advanced detection tools, corrosion prevention, testing methods, in-line inspection and the implementation of remote control valves that enable immediate shutdown as needed.
Spectra Energy Partners is employing best practices and the most advanced safety precautions in the design, construction and operation of the NEXUS pipeline project, and Spectra Energy Partners representatives are engaging with regulatory agencies, elected officials and all interested parties to ensure all concerns and suggestions are addressed.
What is the maximum operating pressure for the natural gas that would be traveling through the NEXUS pipeline project?
The NEXUS pipeline has a maximum allowable operating pressure ("MAOP") of 1440.
Can the pipeline be buried more than the required 3 feet for safety and to lessen the chance of accidentally cutting into the pipeline?
The pipeline will be buried a minimum of 3 feet (36″), per NEXUS standards, beneath the ground surface (measured to the top of the pipeline). The burial depth of the pipeline in cultivated fields will be determined during discussions with the landowner/tenant farmer to ensure the pipeline will be operated safely and will not hinder farming activities.
Will the gas company be responsible for maintaining and covering any erosion that may occur over the pipeline to ensure that the pipeline remains at the maximum required depth?
NEXUS will maintain the right-of-way. Once the pipeline becomes operational, the company will manage a thorough inspection schedule.
During the construction phase of the project, should an incident arise, what type of planning is in place, and can you ensure that an effective emergency response will be handled?
Prior to construction, NEXUS coordinated its construction activities for road crossings and emergency response with the affected counties and municipalities. Additionally, the construction contractor is required to file an Emergency Response Plan with NEXUS that details the locations of hospitals, helicopter landing zones, emergency responder contacts, emergency vehicle ingress and egress routes, etc. At the construction site, there are personnel trained to handle emergencies on site to the best of their ability. Adequate first-aid kits are always on site.
Who protects the public from unauthorized digging and construction practices?
How often is NEXUS going to have to dig up the pipeline to inspect it; will this be a risk to area residents?
During the construction phase all inspections occur in advance of the pipeline being buried. Once the pipeline is placed in-service, it is not typically necessary to excavate the pipeline for inspection; therefore, there will be no impact to residents. In-service inspection is performed using an inline inspection tool investigating the pipeline from the inside. Should any excavation occur, NEXUS will contact the surrounding landowners and advise them in advance of any excavation taking place and address any concerns. Once the excavation occurs, NEXUS will restore the area.
What is the potential for pipeline failure caused by negligence, third-party damage, terrorism or an act of God?
There is always certain level of inherent risk in our daily activities as a society; however, NEXUS recognizes and strongly believes that safety and the well-being of the citizens of the communities where we live and operate is of the utmost importance. As a result, the potential risks must be identified and mitigated. The likelihood that there would be a failure in the project pipeline as a result of negligence on the part of NEXUS third-party damage, terrorism or an act of God are very minimal and no greater than the risks residents along the route are exposed to in their daily lives.
Nonetheless, to provide effective mitigation of these risks Spectra Energy Partners incorporates multiple safeguards into the construction, operation and maintenance activities associated with our natural gas transmission pipeline system.
What security systems do you have in place for the NEXUS pipeline once it has been built?
NEXUS will participate proactively with various activities in close collaboration with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Transportation Safety Administration ("TSA") and key industry groups in the area of security.
Comply with the TSA's Pipeline Security Division's Security Guidelines, which are also known as smart practices.
Comply with the new guidelines once they are published.
Participate in monthly intelligence meetings both with Department of Homeland Security's Intelligence Program, and also with TSA's Pipeline Security Division's monthly update conference calls.
Attend classified briefings with Department of Homeland Security for the industry, annually and as-needed.
Participate in TSA's 1-STEP Program which conducts extensive, robust, tabletop crisis management drills. NEXUS's parent company was the first natural gas pipeline company to participate in the 1-STEP Program. Its scenario was a VBIED (Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Device) at metering and regulating Station 058. The parent company has received high marks from TSA for its performance. The company also has a Chair on the Interstate Natural Gas Association of America Security Committee and participates in the American Gas Association Security Committee, as well as the Oil and Natural Gas Sector Coordinating Council's Pipeline Working Group. All of these activities allow frequent coordination with Department of Homeland Security/TSA.
Participate in the production of a new video, sponsored by TSA, aimed at training law enforcement officers to respond to security events at pipeline facilities Participate, annually, in TSA's International Pipeline Security Forum.
Report every suspicious incident to the Transportation Security Operations Center, which is an arm of TSA.
Conduct major crisis management drills, at least annually, within the company.
What is the potential for gas leaks?
The potential for gas leaks is very minimal. The project pipeline and associated aboveground facilities will be designed, constructed, maintained and operated to meet or exceed the safety requirements exclusively governed by the USDOT. Pipelines and related facilities are designed and maintained with strict adherence to USDOT standards to ensure public safety, and reliability, and to minimize the opportunity for system failure or leaks. NEXUS will conduct leak detection surveys along its pipeline systems at prescribed intervals to ensure that the pipeline is leak free, as required by the USDOT. NEXUS will also periodically conduct additional surveys to identify any anomalies on its pipelines.
Pipe material is both strong and ductile and the wall thickness for the project facilities will meet or exceed USDOT standards. Each piece of pipe is welded together and each weld is carefully x-rayed to detect any flaws. The entire pipeline is coated with corrosion resistant fusion bonded epoxy to prevent corrosion. The coating material is protected by a technology called cathodic protection. The cathodic protection system impresses a low voltage current to the pipeline to off-set natural soil and groundwater corrosion potential. The functional capability of cathodic protection systems are inspected frequently to ensure proper operating conditions for corrosion mitigation.
The pipeline is pressurized with water to a pressure that is much higher than the operating pressure to verify the pipeline integrity. Prior to placing the pipeline in service, NEXUS operating personnel will patrol the entire pipeline looking for any issues or concerns. While the pipeline is in service, it will be patrolled by operating personnel at least three times a week which exceeds the regulatory requirement.
The project's pipeline facilities will be equipped with Remote Control Valves. This safety feature allows the valves to be operated remotely by Gas Control in the event of an emergency, usually evidenced by a sudden loss of pressure on the pipeline. Remotely closing the valve allows any leaking or damaged section of the pipeline to be isolated from the rest of the pipeline system. Gas Control also continuously monitors the pressure of the pipeline every few minutes, 24 hours a day/365 days a year, and sends operations personnel to investigate should a change in the pressure be experienced.
How will NEXUS proactively ensure third parties do not damage the pipeline?
Safeguards will be put in place to mitigate any potential damages caused by the negligence of third-parties excavating close to the vicinity of the proposed pipeline. These safeguards include the notification requirements of the One-Call System, the various types of markers and signage that NEXUS's parent company Spectra Energy Partners uses to indicate the location of our pipeline, the patrol of the pipeline at a frequency exceeding requirements mandated by the regulations as well as the toughness of our pipe material. Additionally, if there is excavation occurring near a Spectra Energy Partners' pipeline, Spectra Energy Partners operational personnel will remain on site during the work near the pipeline to ensure there is no risk of damage to Spectra Energy Partners' facilities. Spectra Energy Partners also has a very proactive outreach program which includes, but is not limited to local meetings and mail-outs to ensure that the public is aware of our presence.
What guarantee of safety do residents have given the past industry incidents?
To better quantify past pipeline incidents it is important to understand the different types of products or substances that are transported within a pipeline, how that pipeline is regulated, as well as its intended operating function.
Pipelines are used to transport a variety of different types of products through a pipe. However the most common use is for liquids and gases. For the energy sector, a pipeline can be used to transport crude oil, refined products or natural gas. Each of these types of pipelines are subject to differing regulatory requirements and regulating agencies.
The statistics on pipeline incidents and consequences are often lumped into one generic "pipeline" category so it is important to compare apples to apples when assessing the risk for an individual type of pipeline.
Gathering Pipelines – are a group of smaller interconnected pipelines forming complex networks with the purpose of bringing crude oil or natural gas from several nearby wells to a treatment plant or processing facility. In this group, pipelines are usually short – a couple of hundred meters – and with small diameters. Also sub-sea pipelines for collecting product from deepwater production platforms are considered gathering systems. These facilities are typically regulated by the individual state agencies governing gas and electric utilities and by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Regulation and Enforcement (formerly, the U.S. Minerals Management Service).
Transmission Pipelines – are mainly long pipes with large diameters, moving products between cities, countries and even continents. These transportation networks include several compressor stations in gas lines or pump stations for crude and multi-products pipelines. These facilities are typically regulated by FERC and USDOT.
Distribution Pipelines – are composed of several interconnected pipelines with small diameters, used to take the products to the final consumer, including feeder lines to distribute gas to homes and businesses downstream. Pipelines at terminals for distributing products to tanks and storage facilities are also included in this group. These facilities are typically regulated by the individual state agencies governing gas and electric utilities.
NEXUS's parent company Spectra Energy Partners operates interstate natural gas transmission pipelines. Interstate natural gas pipelines are typically long, large diameter pipelines that cross state and international boundaries to transport and deliver products. Intrastate pipelines are typically smaller diameter pipelines that provide product deliveries within an individual state's borders.
Integrity management programs requiring threat evaluation, risk mitigation, periodic inspection and improved pipeline marking.
Greatly improved technology in properties of pipe developed to prevent puncture and crack propagation.
Enhanced In Line Inspection ("ILI") technology to detect damage.
Active Participant in State and National One Call System.
Spectra Energy Partners' Representatives respond to one call requests and remain present during all third-party excavation around the pipeline.
Pipeline patrolled at a frequency that significantly exceeds USDOT requirements.
Maintenance ("O&M") Plan actively manage risks and meet/exceed USDOT requirements.
Cathodic Protection Systems utilized to protect pipelines from external corrosion.
ILI program identifies metal loss and dents in the pipe that require repair and validates effectiveness of cathodic protection systems.
Extensive Public Awareness and Industrial Liaison Program, including the yearly mailing to inform the public about pipelines in the area.
Remote Control Valves ("RCVs") used extensively in heavily populated areas to facilitate rapid response.
Spectra Energy Partners monitors the pipeline systems at its gas control center, which is staffed 365 days a year, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Will Spectra Energy Partners have emergency plans to respond to an incident/disaster involving the pipeline?
Natural gas pipeline operators are required by PHMSA to develop emergency response plans designed to minimize the consequences of a pipeline failure. Operators must also educate local emergency responders on a periodic basis, and have public awareness requirements for informing those living near a pipeline.
NEXUS operating personnel will develop, maintain and implement emergency response plans. NEXUS will work closely with local, state and federal agencies to ensure our pipelines meet or exceed regulatory requirements for safety. NEXUS will also communicate regularly with members of the public who live or work near our pipelines, and we will collaborate with organizations that share our dedication to pipeline safety and public awareness. Periodically, NEXUS employees and local emergency response personnel will come together for emergency drills to test staff readiness and identify improvement opportunities.
What kind of relationship will you have with local emergency responders?
As part of our public awareness program, and in accordance with USDOT regulations, NEXUS will establish a working relationship early on with emergency responders to ensure effective communication, education, and training.
How do I contact a NEXUS representative about my property?
For general information and inquiries about how this may involve your property, please contact us any time at 1-844-589-3655.
What is a stakeholder? Is that different from a landowner?
NEXUS identifies any person, group or organization with interest in or concern regarding the NEXUS project as a "stakeholder." Stakeholders could be landowners, public officials, community members or organizations, environmental agencies and interested parties, local business owners, contractors, etc.
Will the NEXUS pipeline negatively affect the value of my property?
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), the lead federal agency on the construction of pipelines, researched pipelines effect on property values and reported the results in an Environmental Impact Statement issued in October, 2014 (FERC Docket No. CP13-499-000, pages 4-152 to 4-156). The Environmental Impact Statement found that there was no pipeline-related impact on property value.
Who authorizes the construction of the NEXUS interstate pipeline, and what kind of regulatory oversight does the project development have?
The NEXUS Project has obtained necessary regulatory authorizations from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), the federal agency with primary jurisdiction over U.S. interstate natural gas pipeline projects. NEXUS engaged FERC during the fourth quarter of 2014 to initiate the pre-filing process which facilitated early public consultation and involvement in evaluating the proposed NEXUS project facilities prior to submitting the formal application on November 20, 2015. Once the FERC application was filed, the agency's formal environmental review of the Project began. During this period, FERC evaluated all potential environmental impacts, as well as the company's plans to address and minimize those impacts.
In August 25, 2017, the FERC issued a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity to construct and operate the NEXUS interstate natural gas pipeline project. Following the Certificate Order, the FERC also issued a Notice to Proceed with construction activities on October 11, 2017. Construction is now underway in Ohio and Michigan and the project is targeting an in-service date in third quarter of 2018.
Who authorizes the operation of the NEXUS interstate pipeline once it is placed in service?
Because the pipeline is an interstate line, it will be regulated by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Office of Pipeline Safety. DOT's technical specifications and requirements that apply to construction, installation and operation of pipelines will be met or exceeded.
What other agencies required permitting prior to construction of NEXUS?
In addition to its FERC certificate application, NEXUS had to seek review from numerous other federal and state agencies, including, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, state departments of environmental protection, as well as other state and local agencies.
What is the regulatory schedule and process of the NEXUS project?
NEXUS has been evaluating proposed routes, design and construction methods and potential impacts on community members and the environment since August 2014. More than 3 years of discussions, surveys, studies, permitting and planning, has developed a balanced plan for the route, construction techniques, and measures to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts.
On August 25, 2017, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission issued a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity to construct and operate the NEXUS interstate natural gas pipeline project. This approval authorizes NEXUS, subject to certain conditions, to proceed with final preparations to commence construction activities and to place the project in service in 2018.
The permanent right of way, as defined in the Grant of Easement, is typically 50-feet wide. The access to the permanent right of way is limited to the existing public ways and any private access roads identified and acquired for the project.
How do I contact NEXUS about my land?
For general information and inquiries about how this may involve your property, please contact us at any time at 1-844-589-3655.
What is the role of my assigned right of way agent and what issues can they help address?
Right of way and land department personnel, also known as right of way agents or land agents, are trained professionals and are involved in most aspects of a project's development – from the initial project plan through construction and into operations. As the need for clean-burning natural gas grows and new projects are explored, right-of-way agents assist in the development of new pipeline facilities and the expansion of existing facilities.
What kind of negotiations does NEXUS engage in to secure permanent easement rights, and what does that mean for landowners?
Before beginning negotiations for new permanent easement rights, NEXUS retains the services of an independent real estate appraiser who has professional qualifications and is familiar with the project area. The appraiser develops a market study of land values based on recent sales in the communities where we propose a new or expanded pipeline route.
Based upon the appraiser's market study, as well as other factors, NEXUS determines the value (or compensation) for the necessary permanent and temporary easement rights.
If permanent and/or temporary easement rights are necessary, a right-of-way agent will review the calculated values with the landowner in an effort to purchase the Grant of Easement and reach an agreement for compensation. After an agreement is reached on the amount of compensation and the language of the Grant of Easement, the easement agreement is executed and a check is issued by the right-of-way agent to the landowner.
What kind of compensation will landowners receive in return for use of their property?
NEXUS pays fair market value for the rights and interest being acquired as it crosses the landowner's property. NEXUS also will pay a rental value for any additional land rights required on a temporary basis for use during construction.
In accordance with the provisions contained in the easement or related agreements, NEXUS pays for damages to any structures, landscaping or decorative trees directly impacted by the construction of the facilities. NEXUS will repair items, such as drain tiles, fences, streets, roads and driveways, and will restore the property as near as practicable to its pre-construction contours.
If future maintenance activities are required on the easement, NEXUS will compensate the landowners for damages associated with that activity.
Who retains ownership of the property according to the permanent easement agreement?
The permanent easement agreement gives NEXUS certain rights to construct, maintain and operate the pipeline, but the landowner retains the ownership of the land covered by the easement. In most cases, the landowner's use of the land within the easement area, with certain limitations, remains the same as before construction. If the property is sold, the rights and responsibilities under the easement will stay with the property under the new owner.
Temporary easement rights, obtained for construction purposes, typically will expire once the temporary workspace is re-established and stabilized consistent with the FERC approval. Upon expiration of these rights, the landowner will resume full use and ownership of the land.
Does NEXUS make use of "eminent domain" when negotiating an agreement with landowners?
Please be assured that NEXUS does not and will not use the eminent domain authority as a negotiating tool. We only exercise that right as a means of last resort.
NEXUS begins each and every easement negotiation with the expectation that a mutual agreement can be reached with the landowner. In the unlikely event that NEXUS cannot reach an agreement with a landowner and must obtain the easement interests through the eminent domain process, a court will determine the appropriate compensation in a valuation proceeding. For further information, please refer to the FERC brochure "An Interstate Natural Gas Facility on My Land? What Do I Need to Know?" which can be found on the FERC's website at http://www.ferc.gov.
What does construction of a gas transmission pipeline entail?
Whether your property already has a pipeline where maintenance work is necessary or we are building a pipeline across your property, you can count on NEXUS to always respect your property and minimize disruption to the degree possible.
We are exercising care and diligence throughout the construction process. And we are communicating openly and regularly so that you and other landowners know what to expect and fully understand the construction process and related safeguards we employ.
NEXUS representatives are notifying affected landowners well before construction begins, and our inspection team is closely monitoring all activities to ensure that the terms of our easement (see Right-of-Way Easement Notification, Negotiations and Acquisition document) and agreed upon restrictions are adhered to.
A NEXUS Right-of-Way Agent is readily available on short notice to address any construction questions or concerns landowners may have. The Right-of-Way Agent is responsible for following up on these questions and concerns and responds to inquiries within 48 hours.
Landowners may call our toll-free, 24-hour information hot line to advise us of any construction or environmental related issues – and we will make every effort to resolve any issues as soon as practicable.
Generally, a width of 100 feet of work area is required for construction of the pipeline. This includes both the permanent right-of-way and temporary workspace. Additional workspace may also be necessary. In certain circumstances, the workspace is narrowed or expanded for short distances.
Some disruption to property is unavoidable during construction, and certain damages may result. In all such cases, each landowner will be fairly compensated for any damages.
What are the construction procedures to be followed?
Once the individual pipe joints are bent to fit the trench, they are welded together. The welding is highly controlled and performed by qualified welders using approved welding procedures. Each weld made on the pipeline is visually inspected and radiographs or ultrasonic images by way of x-ray are processed on-site to ensure the integrity of every weld. COATING Specialized epoxy coating is applied to each of the weld joint areas after the radiographic inspection is complete and the weld has been approved. The coating on the entire pipe section is electronically checked to ensure satisfaction. HYDROSTATIC TESTING As various long sections are completed and backfilled, they are filled with water and pressurized to a point one and a half times higher than the maximum pressure at which the pipe will be allowed to operate. This test pressure is held for a minimum of eight continuous hours. CLEANUP & RESTORATION Restoration begins as soon as the pipe is backfilled and continues until the construction work area is fully restored as close as possible to its original state. Temporary workspaces will be allowed to return to their previous state.
A project of this scope typically takes 7-10 months to complete. The construction of each segment of the pipeline varies, but typically the majority of the work is conducted in discrete areas over a period of 4 to 8 weeks. This duration varies based upon features that are being crossed at each location. There are some areas where construction is taking longer based upon construction techniques and existing conditions, such as in areas where the HDD method (defined below) is utilized. NEXUS is working with each specific landowner along the route to help define the extent of construction on the landowner's property.
What methods is Nexus employing to cross rivers and streams during construction?
The open-cut wet-ditch method consists of digging an open trench in the stream bottom, laying the prefabricated length of pipe necessary to reach bank to bank and then backfilling.
The open-cut dry-ditch method uses flume pipe(s) to direct the stream through the disturbed area, which allows trenching to be done in drier conditions. Small sandbag dams are constructed both upstream and downstream around the work area across the stream channel. Stream flow is then diverted through the flume pipe, allowing the excavation to occur in the dry, under the flume pipe.
The pump-around method can act as a substitute to the open-cut dry-ditch method of construction. It may be employed on small, low-flow streams where the dry-ditch method cannot be employed because of site-specific conditions. In application, small sandbag dams are constructed both upstream and downstream around the work area across the stream channel. Stream flow is then diverted around the work area using pumps and hoses.
The first stage consists of directionally drilling a small diameter pilot hole along a designed directional path. The path of the drilling string is tracked and directed using surface monitoring systems. The surface monitoring system determines the location of the drill bit in the hole by taking measurements from a grid or point on the surface. This allows the operator to follow the designed directional path. The second stage involves enlarging the pilot hole to a diameter that will accommodate the pipeline. The enlargement process involves the use of hydraulic cutting with drill bits and jet nozzles and hydraulic motors (also called "mud motors") used to cut harder soils. It can take several passes to enlarge the hole to the required diameter, which is typically 12 inches larger than the pipeline being installed. The third stage begins once the pilot hole is enlarged to the correct size. The section of pipe, prepared in advance, is pulled back through the hole using the horizontal-directional drilling unit.
What methods is Nexus using to construct the pipeline in agricultural areas?
We recognize the value of agricultural areas, and NEXUS is working diligently with each landowner/tenant farmer to determine any construction requirements specific to each tract of land.
NEXUS is installing its pipeline with at least 3 feet of cover over the pipeline in accordance with their specifications. In agricultural areas, NEXUS is installing the pipeline at greater depths to allow the continued use of the field consistent with the needs of the landowner.
If my property is ultimately affected by the pipeline, what kind of activity should I expect in preparation for construction?
NEXUS representatives are notifying affected landowners well before construction begins, and the inspection team is closely monitoring all activities to ensure that the terms of the easement and agreed upon restrictions are adhered to.
What kind of workspace does Nexus require?
What is a temporary workspace in the context of this project?
When the pipeline is constructed or expanded, temporary workspace is needed adjacent to and along the permanent right-of-way. The width of the temporary workspace varies depending upon the local topography and/or sensitive resource areas in the vicinity of the construction. In certain areas, additional temporary workspace is required to create safe working environments or to accommodate special crossing techniques required by permit conditions.
These areas may include rocky or sloping terrain, as well as street, road, stream, railroad or wetland crossings. NEXUS has worked with landowners directly affected by construction to negotiate fair compensation for the permanent right-of-way and temporary workspace.
Is there a possibility of damages to my property during construction and how are these damages addressed?
Some disruption to property is unavoidable during construction and certain damages may result. In all such cases, each landowner is fairly compensated for any damages.
How does Nexus work to identify structures and minimize any impact on these?
Early on, it is very important to identify to NEXUS any structures to ensure they are not impacted by construction. In certain areas, blasting is necessary to create the trench. All blasting is performed by registered licensed blasters, in accordance with all appropriate state and local approvals, and monitored by blasting inspectors.
In the unlikely event that NEXUS construction directly causes any damage to a structure, NEXUS will either repair the damage or fairly compensate the owner for the damages.
How will NEXUS work to restore the land they impacted during construction once the project is done?
Following pipeline installation, all disturbed areas will be returned as close as possible to the original contours.
Temporary workspace will be allowed to return to its original state. The entire work area will be restored in compliance with all applicable federal, state and local permits.
All temporary fencing and gates required during construction will be removed. All fences will be restored as near as practicable to pre-construction condition.
NEXUS right-of-way agents will be available throughout restoration to respond to landowner questions and concerns. After the landowner and right-of-way agent have reviewed the restoration, NEXUS will return to review and evaluate any follow-up issues or concerns.
While NEXUS will maintain the permanent right-of-way per the Grant of Easement, temporary work areas will revert to the property owner following construction and restoration.
Are there barriers to absorb bright lights of the construction site?
Any local lighting for nighttime activities is pointed down toward the work area and not up in the air.
What kind of welding techniques are utilized during the construction of the pipeline?
NEXUS is using a combination of mechanized and manual welding for the field welding on the pipeline. Each field is ultrasonically or x-ray inspected to ensure each weld meets or exceeds all federal safety requirements and regulations.
Who oversees those contracted to build on this site?
It has been our experience that the U.S. Department of Transportation ("USDOT") and FERC representatives perform inspections and audits of significant pipeline construction projects, such as this project. When USDOT's representatives inspect and/or perform audits on projects, they examine criteria, such as the design of the pipeline, the selection of pipe and its material characteristics, welding, hydrostatic testing just to name a few. USDOT's representatives want to verify that all the aspects mentioned above are in full compliance with the regulations. FERC's representatives typically make frequent visits to the work site to ensure that the project team is fully adhering to all the conditions and requirements mandated by FERC for the project. NEXUS is also implementing a comprehensive quality assurance program, including multiple on-site inspectors, to assure the work performed by the contractor is conducted in accordance with the project plans, specifications, regulations and permit conditions.
How does the project affect and manage traffic?
For the most part, public roads are not directly affected by construction activities as they are bored under using either HDD or conventional jack and bore methods. However, equipment, materials and workforce utilizes public roads to go to and from the job site. This typically does not have a dramatic effect on the everyday traffic flow. In heavily traffic-congested areas, there may be requirements by local authorities that some sections of the pipeline are constructed at night to minimize interruptions to the traffic flow or in order to complete construction faster. Where the flow of traffic is affected by construction activities, a traffic control plan is provided to the local authorities for approval and implementation.
Traffic engineers with experience in the local area design site-specific traffic control plans that are coordinated with local authorities. The traffic control plans are designed to minimize the disruption of local traffic patterns and ensure maintenance of the traffic flow with safe driving conditions along the pipeline route during construction. Pipeline construction within roadways is typically accomplished in a manner that avoids road closures. Traffic is directed by police or flaggers past the work area, which is typically in one lane of the roadway. Emergency access for fire and police is a priority of the traffic control plan as is ensuring any residents of the area are able to access their homes.
Is the pipeline at least 200 feet away from residences?
While there is no code mandating minimum distances a pipeline can be constructed from structures, in the context of pipeline routing and construction, residential areas are generally defined as areas where residential structures are located within 50 feet of the construction work areas, as well as land classified as residential yard, subdivision and approved planned residential development.
Construction through or near residential areas is undertaken to minimize adverse impacts on residents by ensuring that construction and restoration proceeds quickly and thoroughly. Additionally, landowners are notified prior to the commencement of construction, and work hours may be arranged to take landowners' needs into consideration. Site-specific construction plans typically are prepared to depict the temporary and permanent right-of-way, as well as any special construction techniques proposed for residences located within 25 feet of proposed construction work areas.
The FERC Guidance Manual For Environmental Report Preparation titled "Residential Areas" in Resource Report 8 states that FERC will allow residences to be within 25 feet of the construction work area – or actually within the construction work area itself, as long as a site specific plan is included in the FERC application. In these instances, special construction techniques would be necessary.
Given NEXUS's early surveys and route analysis, structures are being identified and avoided as much as possible.
The distance of the project from houses and structures varies along the pipeline route. The pipeline is designed with consideration to the proximity of dwellings; however, there are locations where the pipeline is closer than 200 feet to a house. USDOT mandates the design of any pipeline based on Class Locations (i.e. Class 1, 2, 3 and 4) depending on the types of structures and human occupancy close to the pipeline.
Can other pipelines and utilities located near the pipeline be damaged?
NEXUS does not anticipate any impacts to the existing utilities or other pipelines during construction or maintenance of the project facilities. NEXUS has obtained maps of the existing utilities and has met with appropriate municipal engineers and planners along the route to gather information and minimize impacts to these utilities.
NEXUS will continue to meet with engineers and planners as necessary to ensure it has accurate information of utility location. Prior to excavating (during construction and maintenance), each utility is located to determine its horizontal and vertical location so the pipeline can be installed without impacts to the existing infrastructure. Should any damage occur, such as utilities that were not identified, they will be immediately repaired to the satisfaction of the municipality or company that owns the utility.
Once the pipeline is in-service, NEXUS will continue to work with municipality to identify any modifications to existing utilities which could affect pipeline maintenance activities.
NEXUS's parent company Spectra Energy Partners has co-existed with utilities for more than 60 years and maintenance of the pipeline in both urban and rural areas has not had an adverse impact on utilities or surrounding businesses.
How will the public know when construction will take place?
NEXUS representatives are notifying affected landowners and/or tenants of the actual timing of construction as far in advance as possible, and the inspection team is closely monitoring all activities to ensure that they adhere to the terms of the easement and agreed-upon restrictions. The early notification includes a general timeline and description of construction activities in order to allow the landowner to schedule activities with construction in mind and detailed information on how to contact NEXUS with any construction related concerns.
A NEXUS right-of-way agent is readily available on short notice to address any construction questions or concerns landowners may have. The right-of-way agent is also responsible for following up on these questions and concerns and responds to inquiries within 48 hours.
NEXUS has set-up a toll-free 24-hour hotline to address construction- or environmentally-related issues.
What kind of noise can the public expect during construction activities?
Construction activities are performed with standard (normal) construction-type equipment, such as track-excavators, backhoes, side-boom tractors, dump truck(s), etc. Much of the construction machines operate intermittently, and the types of machines in use change with each construction phase. The noise that can be expected is no different than the daily construction activities that occur in the project area on a daily basis. Noise buffering measures include ensuring that sound muffling devices that are provided as standard equipment by the construction equipment manufacturer are kept in good working order.
Are residents required to pay for construction and maintenance through their tax dollars?
No, residents' tax dollars are not used to pay for construction and maintenance of the project, which is one of the benefits of an interstate natural gas pipeline. NEXUS is paying for the cost of constructing and maintaining the pipeline and facilities. Once the project facilities are in place, NEXUS will be assessed appropriate annual property taxes on their respective project facilities and will not draw on the municipalities' services (i.e. schools, water, etc.). NEXUS will pay ongoing, annual property tax dollars that will support the communities.
Does the project require 24-hour or nighttime construction?
Nighttime or 24-hour construction is not expected to be necessary (i.e., site construction to occur primarily during daylight hours). If it is determined that night construction is required, notice would be provided to the general public concerning these locations in advance of any work taking place.
Has construction begun anywhere along the NEXUS pipeline project at this point?
In August 25, 2017, the FERC issued a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity to construct and operate the NEXUS interstate natural gas pipeline project. Following the Certificate Order, the FERC also issued a Notice to Proceed with construction activities on October 11, 2017. Construction is now underway in Ohio and Michigan, and the project is targeting an in-service date in the third quarter of 2018.
Will the construction or operation of the pipeline result in more tax dollars going to support increased police and other protective services?
No, the project will not require any additional municipal facilities to operate and maintain the pipeline. However, the pipeline could generate property tax relief that can be allocated to these and other municipal services.
How does NEXUS protect topsoil during construction?
Up to 1 foot (12 inches) of top soil for the entire width of the construction right-of-way is removed and stock piled along the edge of the right-of-way. The top soil is returned and graded over the right-of-way as the final step in restoration.
In agricultural and residential areas, topsoil is stripped and stockpiled separately from the subsoil during grading. There may be some areas where the construction right-of-way is limited and topsoil needs to be stockpiled offsite. Topsoil is replaced with appropriate imported material as required. The mixing of topsoil with subsoil is minimized by using topsoil segregation construction methods in wetlands (except when standing water or saturated soils are present). Rock is removed from all actively cultivated or rotated agricultural land. The size, density and distribution of rock left in construction work areas should be similar to adjacent areas not disturbed by construction, unless otherwise approved in writing by the landowner.
What is a compressor station and what does it do?
Natural gas is highly pressurized as it travels through the interstate pipeline system. To ensure that the gas continues to flow optimally, it must be periodically compressed and pushed through pipelines by 700 to 1,600 pounds per square inch of pressure. Over distance, friction and elevation differences slow the gas and reduce pressure, so compressor stations are placed about 70 miles apart along the pipeline to give the gas a "boost." These stations operate day and night, year-round to push re-pressurized gas through the pipelines.
What are the measures in place to help ensure the safety of a compressor station and the people and resources in its vicinity?
Compressor stations integrate a variety of safety systems and practices to protect the public and station employees and properties. For example, every station has an emergency shutdown system that stops the compressor units and isolates and vents the compressor station gas piping. Regulations require that compressor stations periodically test or perform maintenance on the emergency shutdown system to ensure reliability. During the shutdown, natural gas in the pipeline will be able to bypass the station.
All compressor stations are monitored - and some are even controlled remotely - by highly-trained personnel at a centralized gas control center. Experienced personnel operate and maintain the station equipment and pipelines.
What effect will the project construction have on air quality?
Air emissions from the project will comply with all applicable federal and state air quality regulations. Federal and state ambient air quality standards are promulgated to protect the public health, welfare and environment by limiting the levels of pollutants that can occur in the outside air. Beyond construction and in the long-term, the pipeline will deliver clean natural gas to the area, carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced.
How are compressor station sites determined?
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) have established, respectively, rigorous siting and safety requirements for interstate pipeline compressor stations. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through the state environmental agencies, strictly regulates compressor station emissions. Location criteria for compressor stations are determined by a number of factors that include: 1.) stakeholder considerations; 2.) engineering design with favorable pipeline hydraulic performance; 3.) geographic suitability; 4.) environmental resource impacts; and, 5.) constructible terrain. As part of its environmental review, FERC makes the final decision as to the compressor station location generally considering these factors.
How are interstate pipeline compressor stations monitored?
To ensure safe operations, well trained gas controllers work around the clock in a high-tech control center to monitor and control the gas as it travels through all sections of our pipeline network. Compressor stations are maintained by highly skilled and experienced pipeline personnel along our pipeline systems. Our employees operate over 100 compressor station sites around the clock – with nearly two million horsepower in the United States and over 65 years of success.
How loud are interstate pipeline compressor stations?
FERC regulates interstate pipeline compressor stations and require that the station's noise levels do not exceed an average day-night sound level (Ldn) of 55 decibels (dBA) at the nearest noise sensitive area (NSA), e.g., residences, schools, hospitals, churches, playgrounds and camping facilities, when operating at full load. Noise surveys are conducted before and after construction to verify these federal noise levels are not exceeded. As a point of reference, the average home dishwasher is 50 dBA.
What are the public safety measures in place at compressor stations?
Compressor stations are highly regulated facilities that must meet rigorous siting, safety and environmental standards established respectively by FERC, USDOT and the EPA. NEXUS' compressor stations integrate a variety of safety systems and practices designed to protect the public, our employees and the environment. Compressor stations are designed with continuous monitoring devices along with emergency shutdown systems capable of isolating the station and safely venting the gas very quickly in the unlikely event of an emergency. Since natural gas is lighter than air, natural gas rises and dissipates quickly into the atmosphere. These systems are designed and routinely tested to be reliable, which is why it is extremely rare to have compressor station incidents. Compressors stations are also designed with emergency manual shutdown buttons strategically placed throughout the facility which can be activated by station operators. Every one of our compressor stations is operated and maintained by highly skilled, experienced personnel trained to safely maintain the station and its pipelines.
Do you coordinate with local first responders?
NEXUS is committed to providing pertinent information about our facilities and working with nearby emergency responders. USDOT also requires interstate pipeline operators to develop a public liaison program for each municipality we go through. An emergency response plan specific to each compressor station is developed and local first responder organizations are trained in how to coordinate a response with NEXUS in the unlikely event of an emergency at the compressor station. Evacuation of areas surrounding the compressor station property is not typically necessary in the unlikely event of an emergency. However, if evacuation is warranted, the evacuation zone would be dependent on the nature, extent and location of the incident.
What will the emissions be from the compressor station?
The turbines that drive the gas compressors will have low emission technology and are fueled by clean burning natural gas. Federal regulations require the turbines to be designed to achieve a nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission rate of 25 ppmvd (parts per million by volume, dry basis) during normal operations. The turbines will be designed to achieve a NOx emission rate of 9 ppmvd during normal operations. This is lower than what is required by federal and state regulation. In addition, while this is not required by any federal regulations, we will be equipping the turbines with oxidation catalysts, which are designed to significantly reduce carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, and Hazardous Air Pollutants emissions.
Are pipeline liquids generated at the compressor station and how is this material managed?
Stations are equipped with filter separators and/or scrubbers that remove any natural gas liquids or solid particles that may have entered the pipeline from various interconnects and/or receipt points along the pipeline prior to the gas entering the gas compressors. Any pipeline liquids collected in these systems are managed in accordance with all regulations and transported to federal and state approved sites.


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Q: How to add a slider to move downward in view? I am new to iOS programming, so I hope its not a stupid question to ask. I have to add ten different buttons in my view programmatically. I know how to add buttons programmatically, but my buttons won't fit within the view so some of them have to be present below the viewable height of the view, so I want to add the buttons such that the user can slide upward and downward to move across the view. How can this be done?

A: There are a number of standard UI elements UIKit provides that help handle displaying more content than the screen can display at any one time:

*

*UICollectionView

*UIScrollView

*UITableView
You may benefit from some of the automatic layout and formatting provided by the UICollectionView but from your description it sounds as though either the UIScrollView or UITableView would be best suited for your scenario.
UIScrollView
The UIScrollView acts as the user's viewport into the underlying view it contains and provides complex panning and zooming functionality by default. It is highly configurable and you can prevent zooming functionality if you do not need it.
Just make sure to place your view inside the UIScrollView within Interface Builder and set the contentSize property. Setting a contentSize larger than the bounds of UIScrollView should enable scrolling automatically. To enable zooming have your UIViewController implement the UIScrollViewDelegate:
@interface MYViewController : UIViewController <UIScrollViewDelegate>
@end

Then ensure to return your view in the viewForZoomingInScrollView: method:
-(UIView *)viewForZoomingInScrollView:(UIScrollView *)scrollView
{
    return theViewContainingTheButtons;
}

UITableView
The UITableView is specifically designed to display a list of items that can be vertically scrolled if its content is taller than the size of the view.
A UITableView is composed of a number of UITableViewCells, each of which could contain one of the buttons you wish to display. Apple's Table View Programming Guide for iOS covers most aspects of the UITableView.
Conclusion
The UITableView approach focuses specifically on what you have asked and neglects that there may be other content in the view hosting the buttons. It also means that you would have to change your existing dynamic button placement code and write new code to work with table views. In reality it's likely that the UIScrollView is what your looking for but I wanted to provide exposure to other UI elements you may not have been aware of that could be used to achieve what you have described.
Good luck!

A: You need t use a special element, called a UIScrollView. It will handle all this automatically. Here's a link to the docs:
http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/uikit/reference/UIScrollView_Class/Reference/UIScrollView.html

A: You can use the UIScrollView.
Instead of adding UIButton to UIView addd then to UIScrollView and set UIScrollView contentSize.
Fore more help : UIScrollView from Apple.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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