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23rd EUROPEAN FAIR PLAY CONGRESS, Haifa (ISR), 2017
THE 23d EUROPEAN FAIR PLAY CONGRESS, HAIFA 26 OCT. 2017
EFPM DECLARATION
The XXIII European Fair Play Congress held in Haifa on October 24-25, 2017 and attended by 110 representatives from 25 European National Olympic Committees and Fair Play organizations, discussed the topic "Sports as a Tool for Reconciliation".
Bearing in mind
The important role of sports as an effective tool for conflict resolution, reconciliation and peace-building;
The importance of sharing mutual experiences through sport activities, where fair play values are implemented to build trust, respect and mutual understanding;
The importance of applying the theories and models of peace-building in practice through grass-root projects, particularly among youth with the aim of creating a ripple-effect to parents, the local community, and eventually to governance;
The important role of the EFPM in promoting Fair Play curriculum and the education of Physical Education teachers and coaches involved in sports activity programs and projects for peace-building;
The importance of researching and collecting quantitative and qualitative data on the effects and outcomes of peace-building sports programs;
The importance of building mechanisms to observe, monitor and sustain peace-building projects so that their effects will be long-lasting;
The importance of integrity and ethics in sports at an individual, organizational and institutional level;
The importance of constructing codes of ethics and mechanisms to uphold then once established.
The EFPM calls on our members, partners and all sports organizations to invest in the above mentioned themes. To make this practical and deliverable, we ask the following:
The EFPM Members initiate and/or support peace-building sports projects, particularly for children in areas of conflict.
The EFPM Members involved in peace-building sports projects collect quantitative and qualitative data and evaluate the effects of such programs
The EFPM Members evaluate and research the effects of peace-building sports projects based on fair play values, in order to identify success factors and improve unsuccessful ones.
The EFPM Members promote and take part in building codes of ethics in sports organizations in which they are involved.
21st EUROPEAN FAIR PLAY CONGRESS, Baku (AZE), 2015
The XXI European Fair Play Congress held in Baku, on October 07 – 11, and attended by representatives from 25 European national Fair Play Organizations, discussed the topic "Fair Play in Compettive Sports – Making it Real or just an Ideal?".
The importance of effective governance to ensure transparency, and honesty in order to ensure fair play is secure within sports organizations
The importance of informed, and ethical values based education for young people in order to cultivate fair play for the future, and prosper them all
The need to ensure young people take part in a safe secure environment
that much effort, passion and work is taking place to promote fair play in sport in many fields, particularly in education, but this would be more effective if coordinated better at national level
the EFPM's responsibilities on the promotion of the values and principles of Fair Play in all sport activities, since the grassroots till the top level sport
the important responsibility borne by well-known teams and professional sports stars as role-models, especially for the young people
that as top level sport becomes ever commercialised, market forces tend to subvert the central principles that underline a good and fair competition and replace it with a quest for what sells and pursuit of success at any cost, representing a threat to sport's integrity
that the present economic crisis in Europe is not only a monetary one, but also an ethical one
the discussions held on the topic, during the Congress and the inherent projects, programmes and suggestions expressed by the participants.
The EFPM calls on our members, partners and all sports organizations to invest in the above mentioned themes. To make this practical and deliverable we ask the following:
That EFPM signs up to the Sport and Recreation Alliance – Voluntary Code of Good Governance, and asks all partners, affiliated members, and all sports organizations to strive to implement Good Governance. The Code of Good Governance includes the following seven core-principles:
Integrity: Acting as guardians of the sport, recreation, activity or area.
Defining and evaluating the role of the board.
Delivery of vision, mission and purpose.
Objectivity: Balanced, inclusive and skilled board.
Standards, systems and controls.
Accountability and transparency.
Understanding and engaging with the sporting landscape.
That EFPM becomes a signatory to the Safe Sport International (SSI) Declaration of Principles, and supports the International Safeguards for Children in Sport, and requests all partners and affiliated members to do the same.
Ask that the key European Agencies and National Fair Play Committees, promote values based fair play through a coordinated plan.
Baku, October 11th, 2015
20th EUROPEAN FAIR PLAY CONGRESS, Riga, 2014
The XX European Fair Play Congress held in Riga, on October 09 -11, 2014 and attended by representatives from 25 European national Fair Play organisations and 120 participants, discussed the topic "Fair Play values – the bridge between sports and culture in Europe without discriminations".
Mindful of the social role of the sport activities ensuring respect of the rules, providing everyone with an equal chance of taking part, reflecting the concepts of friendship, respect for others and sportsmanship;
Recognizing the need of fair treatment of athletes with disabilities and the role of the Paralympic Movement in ensuring it for enabling access to the sports facilities to promoting participation and achieving great sporting success;
Being aware of the role that mass media play in the formation of the opinion and behaviour of the general public benefits of physical activities, promoting high level sports as well as the special responsibility of media when reporting on sensitive issues as doping, violence and/or mach fixing;
Admitting the impact which sport infrastructure pose to the environment, from simple football field to motor and aviation sports facilities, which requires careful planning and assessment of needs, especially with regards to major sports events;
Recalling the threats to the sport by corrupted practices that lead to adoption of the Council of Europe's Convention on the Manipulation of Sports Competitions, and the scope of the commitments that governments will agree to implement by ratifying it;
Concerned that fairness must be ensured in sports labour market by recognizing athletes dual career in sports;
Supporting promotion of Fair Play concept by different target groups, especially youngsters
Thanking the Latvian authorities for the organization of this Conference and for their kind hospitality during it
the participants of the 20th European Fair Play Congress in Riga, Latvia agreed on the following statements and invite: EFPM calls on:
The Governments and other public authorities responsible for sport,
when deciding on sport policy, to examine whether Fair Play principles had been adhered to;
to pay special attention to effective planning of the sports infrastructure so that all groups of people have access to them;
to ensure that top level athletes would have conditions for securing their future by ensuring a strong education or vocational background.
to improve the implementation of the formal curicula and out – of – school physical education activities, with a view to acquaint the pupils with the principles of Fair Play.
to ensure that rules and their implementation are in compliance with Fair Play and Good Governance democratic principles directed against manipulation of results, violence and use of doping;
to actively promote Fair Play concepts by using top level athletes as role models for forming public opinion and especially the young generation.
to recognize their role in providing accurate and positive information to maintain, promote and develop ethical values of sport.
Formal and non-formal education institutions, National and International Sports Federations, National Olympic and Paralympic Committees, The EFPM is fully available to pay its contribution to the fulfilment of this goal!
Riga, October 11th, 2014
19th EUROPEAN FAIR PLAY CONGRESS, Istanbul (TUR), 2013
Representatives from 23 Members of the European Fair Play Movement, plus 58 other participants, attended the 19th European Fair Play Congress held in Istanbul from 4th to 9th June 2013. The topic for the Congress was 'The Olympic and Paralympic Movement: An Alliance for Fair Play'.
Bearing in mind:
that Fair Play is a most desirable attitude for athletes, coaches and managers not only in sporting activities but also in everyday life;
that Fair Play must be visibly observed in every area related to the Olympics and Paralympics;
that Fair Play is the principle underlying high quality of life;
that as increasing numbers of disabled people are now seeing sport as an essential part of their lives, these people must be encouraged to take part in sport and must be given the opportunity to take part in whichever sports they wish;
that we are engaged in the struggle against doping, violence, cheating, discrimination and racism;
that we are committed to protecting the health of athletes and to the eradication of doping;
that we are playing an active role in efforts to combat drug-taking and to explain the dangers involved to athletes;
that it is our intention to plan new projects and laws designed to combat violence;
that we believe relations between everyone involved in sport at all levels should be open and friendly – in particular, relations between fans of different teams;
that we believe equal opportunities for men and women in sport should be guaranteed and safeguarded;
that we believe coaches and all others working directly with young people in sport should be given an education in Fair Play;
that we believe an education in Fair Play should be given in primary schools, high schools, universities, sports clubs and sports federations, and also in the armed forces;
that we need to adapt our message to the needs of younger age groups, and to prepare visuals that will enable younger children to better understand and absorb the spirit of Fair Play;
that we need to encourage the media to publicise actions taken in the spirit of Fair Play, and to avoid making unfair comments;
It is our belief that in order to achieve all these goals, we need, as a necessary first step, to further enhance our co-operation with sports organisations throughout Europe so that our message can be more widely heard and understood.
18th EUROPEAN FAIR PLAY CONGRESS, Verona (ITA), 2012
The XVIII European Fair Play Congress held in Verona, on October 24-26, and attended by representatives from 25 European national Fair Play organisations and 120 participants, discussed the topic "Professional sports and Fair Play".
the EFPM's responsibilities on the promotion of the values and principles of Fair Play in all sport activities, since the grassroots till the top level sport;
that sport offers a vast potential to society as a ground for intercultural encounters and understanding, as a workshop for socialisation and integration;
the important responsibility borne by well-known teams and professional sports stars as role-models, especially for the young people;
that as top level sport becomes ever commercialised, market forces tend to subvert the central principles that underline a good and fair competition and replace it with a quest for what sells and pursuit of success at any cost, representing a threat to sport's integrity;
the recognition that the top level sport has the huge potential to play a positive role in society as a showcase for excellence, achievement and commitment, but that it can only play this positive social role, if it operates within boundaries of sound ethics;
that to be a sport professional does not mean to take profit in any way, but the fulfilling of a work or a project, about respecting the rules, the law and the human dignity;
that the present economic crisis in Europe is not only a monetary one, but also an ethical one;
The EFPM calls on:
the Council of Europe and European Union, to establish a continuous policy dialogue on such issues that acquired a global dimension such as: bribery and corruption, trafficking in underage players and players from developing countries, fight against doping, illegal betting, money-laundering through sport;
to support transnational networks focusing on repressive and preventing measures on the above mentioned issues;
the Governments, to use their means of investigation and repression necessary to avoid or to clarify eventual cases and to prosecute the offenders responsible for match-fixing, considering that these are often people outside the scope of the sport organisations;
to support all the activities launched by the sport movement aimed at fighting against racism, xenophobia and related intolerance in sport;
to work in a close cooperation with the respective national sport movement in the development of projects and campaigns aimed at the implementation of the Fair Play values and principles in all sport activities since the grassroots up to the professional sport, as well as in life in society;
to cooperate with the sports betting operators on defining the regulatory framework of the sports betting market and taking concrete measures on the fighting against illegal betting operators;the sports movement, to run the professional sport based on the preservation of the human dignity of all the involved ones; on the respect of the ethical values and consequent rejection of the exploitation of man by man;
to take all available measures to fight against all kind of dangers associated to an excessive sport commercialisation;
to implement specific programmes and, or, projects aimed at the development of the Olympic values;
the inter-Governmental sports organisations, the European national governments and the European Sport Movement, to establish a closer cooperation, working in partnership, aiming for a real improvement in the European sports transparency and all profiting of a sharing of tasks.
The EFPM is fully available to pay its contribution to the fulfilment of this goal!
Verona, October 27th, 2012
17th EUROPEAN FAIR PLAY CONGRESS, Porec (CRO), 2011
Representatives from 27 members of the european fair play movement (EFPM) and 140 participants attended the 17th EFPM congress held in porec croatia from 28-29 September 2011 on the topic of "Sport as a part of culture – Fair Play as a part of sport culture".
EFPM's particular responsibilities for promoting the values and principles of Fiar Play in all sports activities and in everyday life throughout Europe,
The declarations adopted at the 16 previous EFP Congresses, and taking into account:
The media and the violence in sport
The sport as an agent of moral change and transfer
The fair play and the supporters behaviour , and
The ethical conduct of the sport coaches
The EFPM calls on
The european national olympic committees to include fair play as a part of sport culture by
Considering proper ways of promoting Fair Play through the various sports and
İnvolving top level athletes in this promotion produres (e.g. to communicate their personal experiences and their trust in the basic values of sport).
The UEPS and other european mass media organizations to strengthen their cooperation with EFPM in order to provoke unacceptable behaviours of athletes, coaches, sport officials and spectators and to fight against the violence and the corruption in sport.
The educational institutions and the academic society to cooperate with EFPM in order to reinforce and widespread the teaching of fair play ethical values by making a better use of their educational .ypotential and by publising national handbooks and scientific papers about the role of sports as an agent of moral change and transfer.
The national governmental and non govermental organizations to cooperate with EFPM towards
the recognition of the role of fair play in sports and everyday life;
the strengthening of ethical conduct of the sport coaches by issuing an ethic code for coaches in accordance with given european practices;
the investigation of realistic methods to conduct the spectators behaviour in the framework of fair play values .
The EFPM Members to develop an action plan for the years 2011-2012 defining the activities to be carried out following their prorities and needs on national level and in accordance with the fair play principles as discussed in this Congress.
16th EUROPEAN FAIR PLAY CONGRESS Prague (CZE), 2010
Representatives from 25 members of the European Fair Play Movement (EFPM) and 120 participants attended the 16th European Fair Play Congress held in Prague from 27 to 29 October 2010 on the topic of "Fair Play Education in Schools: A Shared Responsibility".
EFPM's particular responsibilities for promoting the values and principles of Fair Play in all sports activities and in everyday life, throughout Europe,
the Declarations adopted at the 15 previous European Fair Play Congresses, and taking into account
the educational values in schools
the Fair Play apprehension by scholars
the positive initiatives against racism and ethnic discrimination and
the influence of the current sports negative symptoms on the Fair Play educational process the EFPM calls on
the National Governmental Educational Organizations to introduce Olympic Education as a subject of the School curricula or in a cross-curricula perspective.
The Universities and the Faculties of Sports Science and Physical Education to consider
the Chair of "Ethics in Sport" as of the utmost importance in the Physical Education and Sports Science field.
that a module of value education in PE and school sports should become compulsory in the PE teachers education.
focusing a part of their research and educational capacities on current issues concerning Olympism and Fair Play, in cooperation with the National Olympic Studies Centres.
that the results of research activities in Olympism and Fair Play should be subsequently a predicate of education programmes and systematically developed in University concepts of Olympic and Fair Play education programmes.
The European and National Olympic Committees to
create and develop specific programmes, aiming to disseminate the Fair Play values and principles, especially among young sports participants
publish specific bibliography addressed to young sports
Participants, youth sports coaches, parents and sports officials, managers, sponsors, mass media and sports journalists.
support systematically the university research programmes focused on Olympism and Fair Play principles.
create Centres of Olympic Education where groups of students from schools, educational institutions and sport clubs are to be invited to attend relevant courses and lectures.
invite Fair Play Clubs to organise workshops for youth, parents and teachers, coaches focused on FP values and education, using the available publications on these.
the European Fair Play Movement to propose and coordinate research projects or expert studies which will deal with how the Fair Play principles and attitudes are perceived and educated in the real behavior in sport and outside sport environment, in gender and age perspectives.
The National Olympic Committees to
finance and publish Olympic textbooks for children and youth, in cooperation with the National Governmental Educational Organisations and – support systems of Olympic Education with a special sub-chapter focusing on Fair Play.
The National Sports Federations to include in the coaches educational programmes a special subject dealing with "Ethics in Sport", in the scope of the area of Sport Education".
The Municipalities to support and develop initiatives and programmes mainly addressed to the primary schools and to community sports clubs, aiming to create a climate of cooperation and mutual understanding among all participants.
The National Sports and Tourism Museums to organise expositions, films projections and meetings with young people on Fair Play and Olympic topics.
The Sport Media to create special Olympic editions focusing on various topics such as Fair Play in sports, celebrations of Olympic anniversaries, etc.
10th European Fair Play Congress Bratislava (SVK) - Appeal
Sports does not speak war language
We, the participants of the 10th European Fair Play Congress, representing national Fair Play organisations, hereby call on athletes, coaches, representatives of the mass-media, sports clubs and federations, the organisers of sports events at local, regional, national and international level – simply all members of the sports community who are convinced of the positive role of sport in our world, to join us.
Therefore, we, members of a sport family living by these values, recommend, that:
Teams, athletes, coaches must ban aggressive expressions and war-like language when talking about their opponents. They must be aware of their influence as role models on young generations and society as a whole. Even the most important sports competition must remain a game, with the opponent being a participant in this game, not an enemy. Thus, nobody shall use expressions connected with war. Nobody shall call for the "destruction, killing, or shooting away of enemy". Everybody shall strive to achieve a fair, tolerant victory, without using terms such as killing, annihilating the opponent. Sport is not war.
The media must make use of their tremendous influence on society to lead the way and ban war-like language from sport. Aware of the need to fully respect the independence and autonomy of the media, we want to insist not to leave any space for the spread of violent ideas, but to emphasise the inherent values of fairness, tolerance and respect in sport. And in case war-like language is used, then only in the sense of condemning it. The press has an educational value, including TV and all other media. These bodies have a major role to play in guiding society toward the right values. Sport isnot war.
Supporters must continue to be proud of their teams, clubs and preferred athletes, without offending the opponent. Without an opponent, there is no match, no game, no competition. Supporters must recognise that the opponent merits at least as much respect and attention as the favourite athlete or team. It is also their role to ban aggression, war-like atmosphere, and hatred from stadiums and sports fields. Sport is not war.
Thus, in a joint effort by all of us, let's make sport a place for joy, fun, understanding, tolerance and fairness – and do not allow aggression, war and hatred to enter the sports fields and stadiums. This is not respectful towards sport and even less towards the victims of the numerous wars and conflicts around the world.
1st EUROPEAN FAIR PLAY CONGRESS, Istanbul, 1995
Responsibility of the Media
Believing that Fair Play and sportsmanship in sports as well as tolerance and non-violent behavior in societies are important facets of the quality of life, and that the sports media has a vital role in affecting people's behavior, it is proposed that:
1. The sports media should do its utmost to promote, inform and propagate the concept and understanding of Fair Play and Olympic education in the society and should take a stand against violence, attacks and the attitude behind "winning at all costs."
2. To reach to final goal, which is sportsmanship, the targets designated for the media, in order for them to be enlightened and to be achieved are stated as follows:
Players, athletes and sports competitors.
Spectators and supporters.
School children, students, their parents and teachers.
Sports organizers, trainers and coaches.
Referees and officials.
3. We call upon the members of the media:
To be involved within the national Fair Play organizations and collaborate with their administrative organs.
To be objective and impartial.
To strive to improve themselves in Fair Play principles through better training of themselves.
To insist on the educational aspects of the traditional and electronic journalism.
To appreciate the true Fair Play actions of the athletes and sports participants.
To avoid being involved in the interest conflicts concerning the organization of sports events.
To avoid the over-emphasizing of corruption, scandals, chauvinism, fanaticism, hooliganism, violence and doping.
To avoid the propagation of the concept "wining at any cost".
To avoid the over-exaggeration of the sports events and incidents those have not yet been justified.


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Q: How to redirect to user browser in php? How can I redirect a page to the user's localhost?
For example, if the user is using Firefox and he enters a certain link, I would like to redirect him to his own browser:
http://localhost?someparameter=somevalue

The localhost has to be the user's localhost
EDIT:
What I am trying to do doesn't work in the link you are claiming to have the answer. I have seen websites that when you access, you get redirected to your OWN machine, not another page on the machine.

A: You can redirect a user with PHP using header Like so:
<?php header('Location: http://localhost?someparameter=somevalue'); exit; ?>

Note: The header must be sent before any other output. E.g. an <html> tag before the header will generate an error.

A: Ok, I found the issue.
I guess your response was correct. But, because I am using Godaddy, the server prevents me from writing my own headers and thus, redirection the way I wanted did not work.
What I was trying to do is a 302 redirect.
The solution was to use Godaddy's configuration and select the subdomain I would like to redirect with 301 or 302. This will change the .htaccess file.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A team of engineers specialized in the field.
Means and staff required so you can outsource your measurements.
Calibration and knowledge of the machines that ensure the quality of the product.
Within our metrology services we have the possibility to make the measurements, both in the client's facilities and in our laboratory.
A team of engineers specialized in metrology with a high experience in the sector will guarantee the quality of their services.


text:
2020 Main Street Summit Sponsors
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Burgum participates in White House business session with Trump, Pence, cabinet officials
<< All News
Monday, February 10, 2020 - 04:00pm
Gov. Doug Burgum today attended a business session at the White House with President Donald Trump, Vice President Mike Pence and Cabinet secretaries following the conclusion of the National Governors Association's annual Winter Meeting in Washington, D.C.
The President and Vice President addressed the governors in the State Dining Room, delivering remarks on several topics, including increased funding for infrastructure, reducing prices for prescription drugs and improving trade relationships.
Prior to the dialogue with the President and Vice President, Burgum participated in a session on improving broadband and connectivity with U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue, Housing and Urban Development Secretary Ben Carson, White House representatives and seven other governors. Burgum discussed new technologies to improve access to broadband and the potential benefits to agriculture, energy and unmanned aircraft systems from President Trump's proposed budget, which includes billions of dollars of investments in connectivity infrastructure.
Burgum and seven other governors also discussed criminal justice reform with Secretary of Labor Eugene Scalia, Deputy Attorney General Jeffrey Rosen and other representatives from the Executive Office of the President. Burgum highlighted North Dakota's progress on criminal justice reform in recent years, including the Free Through Recovery program, which is helping support successful re-entry after incarceration.
"We're thankful for the President and his administration engaging with governors on the issues that matter most to our states and discussing the unique solutions states are successfully implementing to solve our most complex challenges," Burgum said.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Biblical Views: Unholy Ink: What Does the Bible Say about Tattoos?
For those of us over 50, any mention of a person with tattoos often brings to mind a rowdy sailor or a motorcycle gang member. Over the past generation, however, the art of tattooing has become part of mainstream culture, part of a larger phenomenon that includes the art of body piercing. It is not just young people who engage in this form of body art; many of those who have tattoos are at the social forefront of society: mothers, business people and sports stars. One cannot view an NBA game without seeing multiple tattoos on some of the players.
The Biblical writers clearly condemned the practice of tattooing. Leviticus 19:28 prohibits cutting or marking the body. No reason is given in this verse, however, which probably means it was obvious to the ancient reader—but not to us. The larger context of the passage is concerned with pagan mourning practices and idolatry. Thus, tattooing has been traditionally deemed "guilty by association" with other pagan rites. This is how it has been interpreted by both Jews and Christians over the centuries. Interestingly, a parallel passage in Leviticus 21:5 mentions mourning prohibitions—but without any reference to tattooing.


Apple has seeded iPhone Firmware 2.1 Beta 4 to developers. As usual, Apple describes the content of the update as "bug fixes."
Interestingly, Apple has pulled the push notification service in this release "for further development." The capability was announced at Apple's Worldwide Developer's Conference Keynote in response to requests for background process support for third party iPhone applications. Applications that deal with messaging (such as AIM or Facebook) would likely stand to gain the most from the SDK enhancement. Apple has promised a September delivery of the functionality.
Apple began providing developmental support for the push notification service in iPhone Firmware 2.1 Beta 1. Not all registered iPhone developers have access to the seeds; the first seed was only available to iPhone developers who had been accepted into the program prior to July 11th (~4000 individuals).


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Tisdale firefighters donate to help pay for stolen raffle boat motor
TISDALE, NIPAWIN — It's a happy ending to a story that began with the theft of a boat motor, thanks to the Tisdale Fire Department.
Devan C. Tasa
The Wounded Warriors Weekend, an organization that helps military personnel and others deal with post-traumatic stress disorder by putting together an annual retreat, was raffling a 14-foot Lund boat. The boat was being stored on Gordon Joyes' property in Codette when somebody stole the 9.9 horsepower Mercury outboard motor.
"It was actually bolted on, so they had to unbolt it and everything else," Joyes said.
The Wounded Warriors managed to recoup most of their losses from insurance, but had to pay a $1,000 deductible.
Meanwhile, the Tisdale Fire Department had found out the motor was stolen, so with money that was raised by the fire department through fundraisers like bartending at events, the firefighters decided to help out.
"We saw on Facebook the motor had been stolen and we thought: how could we give back to the community that has given to us," said Adam Lewis, a firefighter with the Tisdale department.
So the member of the fire department had a meeting about helping out the Wounded Warriors.
"We discussed it and we unanimously decided that this is what we wanted to donate our money to," Lewis said.
It was Lewis who contacted the Wounded Warriors about the $1,000 donation.
"It was a big surprise," said Verda Hoppe, another member of the Wounded Warriors Weekend. "I was the one that got the phone call from one of the firemen and it was a huge surprise, being that it was from Tisdale for one thing. It was quite unexpected but really a great gesture on their part."
Joyes said he was smiling from ear-to-ear and jumped six feet when he found out about the donation.
"It was quite exciting, actually, that somebody out of the blue would just do that for us."
The money did come with a catch.
"We gave them a condition that we wanted them to come to Tisdale and bring the boat so we could help them sell some tickets for the raffle on this boat and motor," Lewis said.
Hoppe said that was no problem.
The Wounded Warriors will be at the Beeland Co-op C-Store July 28, starting at 10 a.m. There will be a bouncy castle and a fire truck there as the Wounded Warriors sell tickets to raffle the boat.
The Wounded Warriors Weekend will be held in Slave Lake, Alta. this year. Next year it will be held in Newfoundland before returning to Nipawin in 2020.
Crown receives more disclosure on man residing at daycare accused of sexually assaulting children
Big River RCMP seek information in fatal pedestrian incident
Record number of active COVID-19 cases in Central East 1


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\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}
\indent The phenomenon of multiple fragmentation of relativistic nuclei can serve as a source of coherent
 ensembles of the lightest nuclei and nucleons. In this respect only nuclear track emulsion providing
 0.5~$\mu$m spacial resolution allow one to follow tracks of all relativistic fragments in forward cone defined
 by a nucleon Fermi motion. The most peripheral collisions  accompanied by neither \lq\lq black\rq\rq nor
 \lq\lq gray\rq\rq tracks of target nucleus fragments are few percents  among inelastic interactions
 \cite{Andreeva05}. They are referred to as the \lq\lq white\rq\rq stars what also aptly reflects the short drop
 of ionization from  primary to secondary tracks. Such events occur  as a result of  electromagnetic and nuclear
 diffraction on heavy nuclei of emulsion composition (i.e., Ag and Br). Minimal  perturbation of a projectile
 make them the most valuable sample for nuclear cluster physics. Excitation energy of a fragment ensemble is
 estimated as Q = M$^*$-M, where M$^*$ is the ensemble invariant mass  and M - a projectile mass.
 The value M$^*$ is defined as M$^{*2}$ = ($\sum$P$_j$)$^2$=$\sum$(P$_i \cdot$P$_k$), where P$_{i,k}$
 are 4-momenta of the fragments. Assumption of projectile speed conservation by relativistic fragments is sufficient
 to compensate the lack of momentum measurements. Already it is established that final states of relativistic
 He fragments  effectively correlate with the clustering in the nuclei $^{12}$C \cite{Belaga95},
 $^{6}$Li \cite{Adamovich99}, and $^{9}$Be \cite{Artemenkov07}, \cite{ArtemenkovAIP07}, \cite{Artemenkov08}. The described approach is used in the BECQUEREL Project \cite{Web2010} to study  the dripline nuclei $^7$Be \cite{ArtemenkovAIP07,Peresadko07},
 $^{8}$B \cite{ArtemenkovAIP07,Stanoeva08}, $^{9}$C \cite{Krivenkov10}, $^{10}$C \cite{Kattabekov10}, and $^{12}$N \cite{Kattabekov10} by means emulsion stacks exposed to secondary beams of the JINR Nuclotron \cite{Rukoyatkin08}. The  status of the $^{10}$C investigation, which entails the production of two $\alpha$ particles and two protons, is presented.\par
 \par
  \begin{figure}
  \includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{artemenkov-fig3.eps}
  \caption{Dissociation $^{10}$C$\rightarrow$2He+2H
 in a nuclear track emulsion (\lq\lq white\rq\rq ~star).
  The interaction vertex is indicated as IV and secondary tracks as  H and He.}
\label{fig:1}
 \end{figure}

\section{\label{sec:level2}Experiment}
\label{sec:1}
\indent Nuclear track emulsion is exposed to a mixed beam of  $^{12}$N, $^{10}$C and $^7$Be nuclei
 formed by means of  primary 1.2~A~GeV  $^{12}$C nucleus beam \cite{Kattabekov10},\cite{Rukoyatkin08}.  The scanning along the
 total length of primary tracks in emulsion layers that was equal to 924.7 m revealed 6144 inelastic interactions, including 330
\lq\lq white\rq\rq stars.
 For \lq\lq white\rq\rq stars with charge topology $\sum$Z$_{fr}$=6 the most probable channel is
 represented by 159 events 2He+2H as expected for the $^{10}$C isotope. Example of such event is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:1}. The channel He+4H is found to
 be suppressed (16 events) since it has  higher threshold for an
 $\alpha$-cluster break up.\par

\indent  The core role of the unbound $^8$Be nucleus in the $^{10}$C structure is
 manifested in intensive fragmentation via $^{10}$C$\rightarrow ^8$Be+2p.  Distribution of $\alpha$-pairs in the 156
 \lq\lq white\rq\rq stars 2$\alpha$ + 2p on the excitation energy Q$_{2\alpha}$ is presented in Fig.~\ref{fig:2}~a.
 In 63 events the Q$_{2\alpha}$ value does not exceed 1 MeV (inset in Fig.~\ref{fig:2}~a ). For them, the average value is
 $<Q_{2\alpha}>\approx$63$\pm$30~keV and the mean-square scattering $\sigma$=83~keV, which agrees
well with the decay of the $^8$Be 0$^+$ ground state. The $^8$Be 0$^+$ contribution is approximately the same as for the
 neighboring cluster nuclei \cite{Belaga95}, \cite{ArtemenkovAIP07}.\par
\indent The unbound $^9$B nucleus can be another major product of the $^{10}$C coherent dissociation. Fig.~\ref{fig:2}~b shows
the distribution of \lq\lq white\rq\rq stars 2$\alpha$+2p on the excitation energy Q$_{2\alpha p}$, defined by the
 difference of the invariant mass of the three fragments 2$\alpha$+p and the mass of the proton and the doubled
 $\alpha$-particle masses. The Q$_{2\alpha p}$ values for one of two possible 2$\alpha$+p triples do not exceed
 1~MeV in 58 events (inset in Fig.~\ref{fig:2}~b). The average value for these triples is $<Q_{2\alpha p}>$=254$\pm$18~keV
 with rms $\sigma$=96~keV. These values correspond well to the $^9$B ground state decay via the channel
 p+$^8$Be (0$^+$) with energy 185~keV and width (0.54$\pm$0.21)~keV. In the
 region limited by Q$_{2\alpha}<$1~MeV and Q$_{2\alpha p}<$1~MeV there is a clear correlation in the $^8$Be and
 $^9$B production. One can note the formation of a single event 2$\alpha$+2p with Q$_{2\alpha p}$ equal to the
 values 0.23 and 0.15~MeV, i.e., at the same time both triples correspond to the decay of the nucleus $^9$B (Fig.~\ref{fig:2}~b). In
 all other $^9$B cases one of  Q$_{2\alpha p}$ is above 1 MeV. Excitation channel $\alpha$+2p is studied on the remaining statistics of \lq\lq white\rq\rq stars
 2$\alpha$+2p beyond $^9$B decays. There is no clear signal of $^6$Be decays.\par

\begin{figure*}
  \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{artemenkov-fig1.eps}
  \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{artemenkov-fig2.eps}
\caption{ a)Distribution of the number of \lq\lq white\rq\rq stars  2$\alpha$+2p
 versus  excitation energy Q$_{2\alpha}$ of the $\alpha$-pairs. In the inset a zoom over the Q$_{2\alpha}$ distribution is shown.
 b) Distribution of the number of \lq\lq white\rq\rq stars 2$\alpha$ + 2p
 versus  excitation energy Q$_{2\alpha p}$ of triples 2$\alpha$ + p. In the inset a zoom over the Q$_{2\alpha p}$ distribution is shown.}
\label{fig:2}
\end{figure*}

\section{\label{sec:level3}Conclusion}

\indent To conclude,
 contribution of $^8$Be nuclei is about one-third in ralativistic $^{10}$C dissociation.
The production of $^8$Be nuclei shows  strong correlation
with cascade decay $^{10}$C $\rightarrow ^9$B$\rightarrow ^8$Be.
 There is no significant contribution of decays $^8$Be$\rightarrow$2$\alpha$ through the first excited
 state 2$^+$, which differs qualitatively the $^{10}$C and $^9$Be nuclei
\cite{Artemenkov07}, \cite{ArtemenkovAIP07}, \cite{Artemenkov08}. It can be assumed that the
 $^8$Be 2$^+$ state does not contribute to the ground state of the $^{10}$C nucleus, and its core is formed of
 the 0$^+$ state. Paired protons can have the meaning of a covalent pair in the $^{10}$C molecular-like
 system with two-center potential $\alpha$+2p+$\alpha$. Verification of these assumptions will be made in the
 correlation analysis of the pairs of 2p and 2$\alpha$ is foreseen with the rest two-thirds of statistics.\par

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


A public talk for the March meeting of the Manchester Centre for Regional History.
Pictures for Schools was a scheme founded in 1947, which aimed to get original works of art into 'schools of every kind' so children could grow up with art as part of their everyday environments. Between 1947 and 1969, annual Pictures for Schools exhibitions were held in London (with the exception of 1957, when a venue in London could not be found and the exhibition was instead held at Manchester's Whitworth Art Gallery).
Here, contemporary artworks by living British artists were displayed and sold at prices affordable to educational buyers. Contributors ranged from well-known names such as LS Lowry to students who were obscure at the time but later went on to make a name for themselves.
Local education authorities, education committees and museum services across the country made the annual trip from London to make purchases from the scheme, and extensive collections of artworks were built up in towns, cities and counties large and small for loan to schools. Several schools in Manchester benefited from the opportunity to buy work, and education committees in Lancashire, Rochdale and Manchester were among the regular buyers from Pictures for Schools. Another purchaser was Manchester Art Gallery's Rutherston Loan Collection for educational institutions in the north of England.
However, over the decades schools have closed, changed name or merged, and local authorities have come under pressures such as boundary changes and financial constraints. Many of these collections have now disappeared with little or no acknowledgment that such a service once existed. The talk asked: Does Pictures for Schools have a legacy in Manchester today, and can these artworks still have any relevance in the twentieth-first-century classroom?


text:
Partners in Humanitarian Efforts
In last few years, SRSP has worked with various international donors including AusAID, CIDA, DFID, GIZ, SDC, UNDP, UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, FAO, OSI, ICCO, CAFOD, ICMC, The World Bank, PPAF, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the Federal Government. The long term relationship with donors, partner and communities is definitive indicator of SRSP performance, transparency and accountability. In addition, SRSP asset-base includes adequate/appropriate equipments (vehicles), a large IT infrastructure to support SRSP's computing, printing, networking, copying, audio/video and conferencing needs, established training and vocational skills centers and a sizeable library.
In terms of systems and procedures,SRSP relies on well established Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) that have been tested, audited and further developed as a result of SRSP's extensive engagement with various donors and public sector projects/programmes. SRSP policy manuals are documented while SOPs for all major areas of operations are available and are upgraded on regular basis. As a compliance protocol for contracts and agreements, renowned agencies and organization e.g. GIZ, UNICEF, UNHCR, PCP, USAID and KPMG have reviewed and certified SRSP's systems for management and internal controls. As a regulatory/legal requirement, SRSP's financial records are also independently audited through renowned chartered accountant firms on an annual basis, while a robust system for internal quality assurance (QA) further ensures that SRSP adheres to highest standards for project/programme management, administration, procurements, accounting/book keeping, internal audits, monitoring and evaluation, recruitments/appraisals, gender polices etc. An in-house capacity is also available to support the full project cycle ranging from identification to monitoring/evaluation and impact assessments. SRSP brings significant experience in design and delivery of large capacity building and training programs; policy, research and institutional analysis. SRSP projects/programmes portfolio includes a wide range of development projects/programmes focusing on livelihood improvement and strengthening initiatives contributing to socio-economic development of rural areas. On human resource front, the current payroll exceeds 1000 staff members working at various levels at head office, regional, districts or field units. The core management, senior team members and professional are highly qualified bringing national/international experience with a diverse range of development projects.
The government of KP and Federal Government also recognizes the role, which SRSP can play as a civil society organization in targeting poverty and thereby fight one of the main causes of extremism in the province or in tribal areas. Together, the provincial and federal governments has extended one time endowment fund of PKR 700 million to build SRSP's long-term capacity to deliver need based projects and programmes in the province and tribal areas. SRSP also recognizes government as an important partner in development though in its work with government SRSP preserves its independence and autonomy.
SRSP has been an active member of numerous national and international networks comprising Rural Support Programmes Network, Pakistan Micro Finance Network, Sarhad Micro Finance Network, Water Environment and Sanitation Network, IUCN, Pakistan Center for Philanthropist, Gender Voices, Energia Network Pakistan, Sarhad NGOs Ittehad, Education Policy Advocacy Forum, Social Mobilization Network, Gender think tank and HRD Network. SRSP has also been represented on a number of committees, boards and forums constituted at provincial and national levels.
In its work, SRSP is aware of and sensitized to cross cutting issues, which can be seen in its initiatives at field level. From poverty to participation, women inclusion, and undertaking environment sensitive initiatives are all evidence of its conscious efforts to support and promote sustainable development in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Tribal areas. SRSP is also a learning and adaptable organization. Not only it has started sharing its experiences at regional level but pragmatic steps have also been taken to further enhance development effectiveness. Developing communities and smaller organizations in Afghanistan, sharing experiences of disasters in Geneva/UK/Australia, highlighting community based education achievements and revival of education system in UK, sharing dynamics of devolution with Bangladesh and Nepal or encouraging Swiss to develop and replicate village banking are few visible efforts of SRSP for regional and international development.
With a financial outlay of over 204 Million USD, SRSP in last 10 years has partnered with almost 50 national and international donors in the past ten years. These have been multi-disciplinary projects planned and implemented to address community needs. As a result, it has gained both the outreach and public credibility and the good will of the communities and the government. What it contributes in partnership is its multi-disciplinary competencies, capacity to work on scale, knowledge of the area and public credibility. This has been enabled after years' long experience of working with communities and donors in a diverse set of challenging and complex environment.


Whether you've found your zen by the pool, on the beach, or even in a Bohemian hammock in the Backyard, Nautilus Cabana Club is always on hand to deliver first-rate light bites so you never have to leave your perfect spot. The restaurant's Mediterranean-inspired flavors are incorporated into a carefully curated menu for the pool deck, cabanas, Backyard and beach. Additionally, a full-service Pool Bar serves up beach-inspired cocktails for all-day fun.


Oversize or mismatched core seat die compared to point form die.
Oversized or improperly annealed bullet jackets (especially tubing).
Lack of correct lubricant (Corbin Swage Lube).
Use of incorrect material (die set designed for one type and used with another).
Excess core seating pressure (also can cause oversized bullets).
Dirty or corroded jackets, or attempts to reform same-size bullets.
Abrasive dust and grit on jackets or in the die.
Damaged point forming die (scratches, gouges, rust, corrosion inside).
Reverse taper or swelling in the die (excess pressure in previous use).
The core seating die must match the point forming die. They should be made and tested as a set, not purchased at separate times or from different die-makers. The core seater must be .0001 to .0005 smaller in diameter than the point former cavity. Using a core seater that is the same size or larger will produce a bullet that is destined to be hard to eject and will tend to stick, yet the trouble is not in the point forming die where sticking occurs.
To test for proper size match, try swaging a pure lead slug in the core seater and another in the point former, and measure their relative sizes. Your micrometer does not have to be accurate, only repeatable. The core seated slug must be .0001 to 0005 smaller than the lead point formed slug. Otherwise, the core seater may need to be replaced with a smaller one, or the point former replaced with a larger one or slightly lapped out if possible.
It should be possible to insert the seated core at least part way into the point forming die by hand (until the ogive section is contacted). If this cannot be done, the seated core is too large. It will cause the bullet to stick when it is pointed up.
The right pressure to use in seating the core is just enough to make the jacket stay in the die (barely expands it to full die size) rather than come back out with the punch. But be careful that the punch is not sticking due to lead flow past it, or mismatch to the jacket or weight so the punch sticks into the jacket wall. Increasing pressure to make the bullet stay in the die under those circumstances won't work, and will either cause a broken die or an oversized seated core.
Core seating die with both internal and external punches.
Point forming die with both internal (ejection pin) and external punches.
Samples of unseated cores and jackets, exactly as you would prepare them.
Samples of seated cores and jacket so we can see how you are doing it.
Samples of finished bullet if you can get any to come out (or one stuck in die).
Any information that might shed light on what you could be doing differently.
Without this complete information and materials, we will only have part of the picture. It would be like taking the carbuerator off your car engine to your garage and asking why your car is running roughly. Odds are pretty good no one could figure it out just from that, even if something was wrong with it. With the dies, we would have to make any of the missing punches that you forgot to send before we could try the dies, slowing down the turn around time dramatically. For faster service, send all the parts so we can immediately put them to use testing and making bullets. With plenty of samples, a dozen or more, we can immediately get to work using exactly what you are using. If we use our components, the problem may not be there. Something different about your components may actually be contributing to the sticking. We would have no way to find it using our components.
Use of improper material tolerances: wrong wall thickness, diameter, or length.
Failure to anneal properly (or at all).
Improper use of lubricant or wrong lubricant.
Incorrect amount of pressure used.
Copper tubing jacket makers are designed specifically for one diameter and wall thickness of a given alloy of tubing. Tolerances are critical. If the set was designed for .032-wall tubing of 1/2-inch diameter and you purchase .035-wall tubing of 1/2-inch diameter plus .003 inches, you will have trouble with sticking, perhaps wrinkling. Even if the dimensions are the same, the material temper and grain structure can make a huge difference in reforming. Sometimes a softer material will require slighty different procedure than a harder one, even if the dimensions are the same.
If you cannot obtain the right tubing, Corbin can provide it. If you have a good supply of a given tubing, send enough samples so we can make the punches fit it instead of using our control tubing. Tubing jacket makers cannot be built at all without the right material to design and test them during manufacture. If you cannot send samples, and don't want to use our tubing, save yourself and us a lot of trouble and just don't order.
Generally all it takes to make a set work with a different tolerance of tubing is about six feet of the sample tubing (in good condition, not smashed flat from unprotected shipping). We need that much (not necessarily in one piece) to make and test three new punches (end rounding, drawing, and end flattening). If it is much different in wall thickness or diameter (which will eventually change final wall thickness after drawing) from the original design used with the dies, you may also need a new core swage die and a core seating punch, and possibly a different diameter of lead core wire or mould to fit into it (if the new size is much smaller than the original design specs).
Annealing is critical. Many people think they can skip it with no effect. Wrong. Everything about the tubing from that point on will be different from the properly annealed piece, and it will affect every operation from end flattening to core seating diameter to final point forming. Do not skip the annealing operation just because it takes a little extra time. It also takes a little extra time to put on your parachute before you jump out of the plane! However, if the specific instructions that come with your die set say not to anneal, then follow those instructions to the letter. A great deal of work goes into finding out exactly what is needed to make good jackets with a given sample of tubing. The procedure may be different from "standard" in some cases, and it is very important to read, understand, and follow the instructions provided with each set. The "general" instructions apply in most cases, but not all.
Often, people who have trouble with tubing jacket bullets at some point in the production (sticking, wrinkling, cracking, coming out over sized or under sized) have not annealed the tubing between the drawing and the end flattening steps or whenever the specific instructions with that set of dies says it should be done. Or, they have not heated the tubing enough to actually anneal it. The folded end of the tubing needs to reach a red glow but not brilliant red-orange (too much heat causes pitting and roughness). A propane hand torch is sufficient for this.
Sometimes, the only problem is using too much lubricant on the inside of the jacket or not enough. It is not the same thing as putting lubricant on the punch, since the jacket will tend to push the lube down and fail to get any deep into the interior where it does some good. A little swab with lube on it, applied to the inside of the tube, will put the lube where it works. But with some sets, there are specific instructions not to use lube inside or to use less than usual. Follow those instructions. Tubing jacket makers for different calibers, thicknesses, alloys and lengths can require slightly variations in lubricant and technique. What generally works may not in a specific case: do whatever the individual instructions say if they are different from general printed materials (we put hand written instruction with a die set if it needs something different to work right).
Sometimes we find that the problem of sticking or failure to come off the punch is due to the method of cutting the tubing. A "tubing cutter" used by plumbers is absolutely not right for bullet jackets! These cutters roll-cut the tubing and push it inward, creating open ends that are much smaller in inside diameter than the rest of the tube. Trying to push this over a precision punch made for the original diameter will, of course, create problems with sticking. Use a tubing cutter saw or other method that leaves a clean, burr-free open end that is the same diameter as the rest of the tube (not pushed inward or flared outward).
Accuracy problems can be the result of two general classes of error: (1) Defects in the bullet itself, and (2) Mismatch of the bullet to the rest of the shooting system. In the first instance, the bullet won't shoot under any circumstances because it is flawed, and in the second, the bullet may be just fine when used with a different powder or velocity, twist of rifling, kind of gun, or other external factor having nothing to do with the actual bullet quality itself.
Uneven or damaged base due to using incorrect or damaged punch.
Undersize bullet due to using incorrect core weight or wrong seating punch.
Eccentric bullet because of jacket material or internal parts seated off center.
Insufficient shank length due to using too short a jacket or too long an ogive.
Poor balance due to excessive nose length or too light a core for jacket length.
Use of too long an ogive for the twist rate of the barrel.
Too heavy or too light a bullet for the twist and/or powder used.
Center of gravity shifted too far forward or back for the twist and velocity.
Diameter of the bullet too small for the given barrel (barrel too big).
Muzzle pressure too high for the jacket base thickness or hollow base skirts.
If the base is damaged by using the wrong punch in the point forming die, a ring or ridge can be pushed into the base. This happens when an inexperienced bullet maker uses a core seating or core swage external punch when the larger point form external punch is required. Also, bullet swagers who are not particularly careful how they use the equipment may slam the external punches into the die face and bend or dent the edges of the punch. The punch can usually be repaired, but if used with the damage uncorrected, it will make fins or ridges at the base of the bullet, or make a sloped base.
In the quest for flatter shooting bullets that retain their velocity longer, shooters often go to extremes of ogive streamlining and add boattail bases to reduce drag. This is fine as long as the resulting bullet length and weight will stabilize in the twist rate of barrel from which it is to be fired. Sometimes, accuracy is sacrificed for ballistic coefficient without knowing it. The two are not the same. A very blunt bullet can be quite accurate. It just has a longer arc and drops faster, so you have to aim higher to hit the target.
There is a tendancy for some people to think in extremes. If a certain amount of something is good, a lot of it is better. Not necessarily true: in bullet design, everything is a balance. Making one factor, such as BC, extremely high may well cause problems with length, twist rate, weight, and balance. Good design is always a delicate mix of the correct amount of each factor for optimum results, not simply concentrating on one thing to the exclusion of all else. The highest possible BC may be too long a bullet to fit in the gun, or too heavy to fire, or require too fast a twist to be practical. Also, it may be a terrible game bullet even if it doesn't drop much on the way to the target. Usually the only factor that can be maximized without much regard to the others is accuracy. A precise bullet, perfectly matched in weight, length and balance, may or may not have the highest BC. But it hits where you aim, even if that means aiming a little higher.
Long, deep lead noses formed in a punch (LSWC-1 type dies) tend to trap either air or lube in the tip of the punch, preventing the bullet from forming correctly at the tip. In a few cases, it is necessary to form such a bullet in two steps instead of one, using the CSW-1 core swage first to adjust the weight and square the ends, and then the closed CS-1 core seater with the nose punch in order to generate enough pressure to shape the tip.
In almost every case, you can make a better looking lead bullet nose in pistol or all-lead bullets by reversing the bullet or by using a core swage die first. By swaging an all-lead bullet and then turning it over to swage again, you flatten the base and then press this nicely squared base into the nose punch, reforming it evenly as the nose. This tends to elminate off-center voids and folds that can occur when you form a raw piece of lead with a rough end in a deep punch cavity.
Lead tip jacketed bullets require a wider jacket opening than is commonly realized, with enough lead extruded out the tip to form a complete filler for the lead tip punch cavity. If you have a very tiny amount of extruded lead, it may not fill the entire punch cavity before the punch edge contacts the jacket. This either puts a ring in the jacket, or fails to form a good tip on the bullet.
A special point forming die with synchronized ejection pin, precision fitted and honed to fit the ejection pin hole, allows the ejection pin to be set for precisely the right length to close the end of the point form die with either a radius or a flat end. The flat end works best in most cases, because a radius cavity acts like a cookie cutter against the lead. It can impress a ring into the tip before the bullet is ejected. The flat ended ejection punch typically forms the tip smoothly and evenly, since the pressure can be much higher inside the die than it can with a standard point forming die. Standard dies have a relatively loose fitted ejection pin wire in the ejection hole, and the ejection pin punch serves no other purpose than to push the bullet out. Since it is retracted during the actual forming of the bullet, you can only push the bullet with enough pressure to fill the cavity and just begin to extrude the tip into the ejection pin hole. With the custom fitted punch, you can press the bullet up against the punch, and transfer the surface finish to the bullet tip.
In almost all cases, by examining the operation and determining if there is (1) enough exposed lead to fill the punch cavity and (2) enough pressure to flow the lead into a tiny cavity tip, you can solve the problem. The solution isn't always the one a person might want (using two dies instead of one, for instance) but with certain shapes, alloys or calibers it may be the only practical one besides changing the weight, nose shape, or alloy. If you are already using pure soft lead, a change of alloy seldom helps. Sometimes being diligent about not getting too much lubricant on the tip or in the nose punch will reduce the degree of the problem enough so no other solution is required.
Heat the jackets to dim red in a dark room, then allow them to cool.
Use a larger tip opening or a large lead tip on the bullet.
Support the ogive at the tip with lead instead of making an open tip design.
If you heat a rimfire jacket too much, it may become so soft that when you form the ogive, the pressure of bringing the nose down into the curve of the die will buckle the shank portion of the bullet. This makes dents or folds around the circumference. When the jacket is too hard, it folds at the tip instead of buckling in the shank area. Fortunately, there is a broad range of anneal temperatures and times that work, on either extreme of too soft or too hard. A regular propane torch is sufficient for annealing. Most gas or electric home cooking ovens with self cleaning feature get hot enough to anneal or at least stress relieve the jackets so they won't fold.
When swaging lead bullets, or when forming points on lead tip, flat point jacketed bullets, the exposed surface of the lead can be roughly formed under some circumstances. The tips of bullets with a large flat point may be rough simply because they were not pressed against any smooth steel surface to acquire a smooth finish: the very tip of a large flat point bullet may be formed simply by pushing the bullet less than all the way into the point forming die. Since the end of the bullet is being formed from within, by moving the lead forward, rather than from pressing against a punch or the end of the die, the end may be uneven and rough.
Use a lead tip forming die to follow the point former, finishing the flat lead tip.
Turn the bullet over and gently push it backward into the PF die, cleaning up the tip.
Push the bullet all the way to the end of the point form die.
Use a special point forming die with a fitted ejection punch (larger than standard).
An additional trick is to use a large hollow point punch, which eliminates most of the lead tip. The remaining lead around the cavity is easy to square off by gently tapping it with the base punch as the bullet is pushed slightly backward into the PF die, or by using the HP punch in this manner instead of the flat base punch.
When the problem is roughness on the sides of a lead bullet, the problem is usually caused by (1) insufficient swaging pressure, or (2) too undersized a diameter of lead wire or core for the die cavity. Folding and wrinkling can take place at the surface of the lead when a core too small for the die is inserted and compressed. The folds and wrinkles don't trap air in any significant quantity, but the tiny amount they do trap can form small pits on the surface. Sometimes you can reduce or eliminate the lubricant with a lead bullet, which can help produce a shiny surface at the expense of possible leading of the die (which then starts to cause further surface pitting of the bullet). A fine balance between too much and too little lubricant may be found to produce a nice surface finish.
In most cases, however, the finish will be quite good. Even in those cases where pitting or roughness appear on a lead bullet, the effect on accuracy is nil. It is primarily a cosmetic effect. If you are not bothered by it, don't worry about it. On the other hand, if you intend to market the bullets, a chrome-like finish is helpful in supporting a good price. So, you may wish to experiment with amount of lube, degree of metal purity (usually pure lead is best for swaging but a tiny amount of tin or antimony such as 1/2 percent can aid in a nice finish), amount of pressure (but don't exceed breaking point of the die), and size of core. In some cases, if you have an investment in a certain size of mould and die and have produced a large quantity of bullets that are not as shiny as you like, you can get a simple draw die to push the bullets through, slightly reducing their diameter and producing a burnished surface. Then you can swage them again to bring the diameter back, and retain or even improve the finish since lube and air cannot be trapped at the surface if it is smooth to begin with.
Core seat die too small for the point former diameter.
Improper or no jacket anneal when required by the operation.
Use of incorrect material (jacket or lead alloy) for the die set.
Core seating punch too large or small for jacket thickness and core length.
Making too short (light) a bullet in a long ogive die.
Test your die set by forming two pure, soft lead cores. Save one and reshape the other in your point forming die. Compare the two cores for diameter. The core seating die should produce a cylinder that is from .0001 to .0005 inches smaller than the lead slug from the point form die. If it is .001 or more inches smaller, you may have too small a core seater, or too large a point former. In any case, the match between them is not correct.
If this is not the problem, then make sure you are annealing the jackets if required to do so, that the jackets are the correct material, length, and wall thickness for the die set, and that the lead core is the material for which the set was designed and tested. If any of these are wrong, the diameter of the final bullet may be wrong by a small amount. Some calibers, shapes, and styles are quite forgiving and some combinations are not: there is no hard rule about how far from the design standards you can go before running into problems with diameter. But if you do, go back to the design standard and try again. Make no assumptions about materials until they are tested. Send samples of all materials, including formed samples at each step of the production, back to Corbin for study along with your dies and punches whenever you have a chronic problem that requires assistance.
One problem that is easily solved is caused by using a core seating punch that strikes the jacket interior before it can compress the lead core. Usually the jacket is strong enough so that it stops the progress of the punch, and prevents enough pressure from being applied to the core to expand the rest of the jacket. This can result in very markedly undersized bullets. It can also make shorter bullets than the jacket would normally produce (due to compression and thickening of the lower shank portion of the jacket).
When the punch is too large for the particular jacket diameter, wall thickness or core length, it strikes the jacket wall (which is normally tapered, except in tubing jackets and rimfire case jackets) and prevents enough pressure from being applied to the lead core. When the punch is too small, it slips down easily into the jacket and presses the core, but the pressure can blow lead past the punch, out the jacket mouth. This also limits the pressure (if you apply more, all that happens is more lead spurts out). Using either too large or too small a core seating punch can have the effect of creating an undersized jacket, because both limit the pressure you can apply to the core.
An undersized bullet will always result in a properly sized point forming die if you push the a short bullet too far into the die. The ogive curve of a bullet nose is always smaller in diameter as you go toward the tip (by definition and logic, if not the need to get the bullet back out of the die!). Obviously, if the nose is half an inch long, that half inch of die is undersized compared to the desired shank diameter. Pushing a half-inch-long bullet into the die is possible if you don't push it fully into the ogive area. But if you do, the punch will begin to enter the ogive and may be damaged. Just before that happens, the entire length of bullet is turned into the nose shape! Where is the shank? Gone! So what is the diameter? Less than the shank size, that's for sure...and should be no surprise.
This happens in a more subtle way when you have a long spitzer ogive, and have decided to try to use a bullet weight that is more appropriate to a conventional or short ogive bullet. As you push the bullet further into the die, to try and make a small tip, the material runs out of the shank area and goes almost entirely into the ogive. But because long ogive shapes create a very shallow angle or taper at the shank, the punch may actually slide just a little past the full bore size without apparent damage, and the bullet will be sized below bore diameter all the way to the base. You may think that the die is undersized, but doing the math will show that the length of the ogive is the same, or longer, than the length of the bullet!
use a hollow point or hollow base design to make the bullet longer for the same weight.
Oversized bullets generally result from (1) using the wrong materials or not annealing the jacket when it is called for in the instructions, or (2) an over-sized point forming die. The same die that makes a perfect .510 bullet using a copper jacket that has been properly annealed can produce a .512 bullet used with brass or unannealed copper. Sometimes just the thickness of the jacket will produce different diameter bullets by as much as .001 inches. When you need a specific diameter and cannot accept .001 over or under, be sure to use the same materials and techniques for which the set was designed. If you must use different materials, order the set to produce the largest acceptable diameter and then order some drawing dies to reduce the bullets slightly when necessary.
There is no hard rule about what material changes will cause exactly how much increase or decrease in diameter. This is part of the necessary experimentation and development that goes into creating a new set of dies for you. If you send the material you intend to use, or have the dies made using our material and then continue to use that in the future, the diameter will be constant as designed. When you change materials in any way, such as hardness, thickness, alloy, even length (for different weights), there can be an effect on diameter but there is not necessarily going to be. Just be aware of the possibility, experiment and measure, and then a proper solution can be found for almost any material changes once we know precisely what is happening. Sometimes the solution is a different set of dies, or at least different core seat and point form dies (the core swage and lead tip dies may remain the same in some cases). Sometimes it is a slightly different technique, avoiding certain materials, or using different pressure. And finally, it may be just getting a reducing die to finish off the bullets.
Almost every case of a broken die is caused by applying too much pressure. Dies do not break for any other reason 99.999% of the time. Very rarely, perhaps .001% of the time, a die may have a heat treatment defect or a flaw in the material. This is so rare as to be almost non existent but it is possible.
However, it may not be apparent that this is the cause, because dies can be subjected to excess pressure many times, weakening, fracturing, and causing crystaline structural damage, before they finally let go even under normal pressure. It is much as if you took a piece of metal and bent it over and over again until it was almost ready to break, and then set it aside for a month. Someone finally picks it up, barely touching it, and it breaks off. The force was certainly reasonable for the normally treated metal thickness, but because of the invisible but severe stress applied before, the metal snaps easily now.
It is relatively easy to determine how a die was broken. A die that snaps from excess pressure normally will break cleanly, sometimes into two or three almost saw-cut appearing parts. The surface is usually smoothly crystaline in appearance. There may be irregular broken surface areas but often the surface is frosty and flat. At the time that the die breaks, the pressure being applied may or may not be excessive. The history of the die prior to that moment may be the key. If the die was stressed beyond its elastic limit but not far enough beyond to actually cause a fracture, it may let go with below normal pressure on the very next attempt to make a bullet. Or it may slowly continue to crystalize and develop deep inner fissures before anything is visible, giving no apparent warning.
By doing Rockwell hardness testing on the exposed broken surfaces, we can quickly tell if the die was damaged from excess pressure or if it had incorrect temper or a seam in the bar stock. This latter is so rare that a die-maker may spend a lifetime without seeing one example. Temper used to be more of a problem before computer controlled electronic heat treatment furnaces, but now it is extremely rare for a die to be "brittle" because of lack of tempering. This is not to say the possibility doesn't exist, and any broken die can be sent in for testing without charge. If it is found that the die is too brittle, it will be replaced under warranty.
Using anything but Bhn5 (pure soft) lead in type -R dies or type -M dies.
Using materials harder than Bhn10 in type -S dies.
Using materials harder than Bhn15 in type -H dies that were not designed specifically for it.
Failure to anneal jacket materials when required by instructions.
Using any type -R or -M die in a power press.
Using any type -M, -S, or -H die in any press not designed by Corbin.
Use of home-built dies, punches or presses with Corbin die sets.
Using applying pressure in excess of the design limits of the dies and punches.
Heating, drilling, grinding, or machining any Corbin dies or punches.
Any modification to Corbin die sets, punches, presses, or tools.
Use of the dies in any manner for which they were not designed.
Most people do not break dies. But a very few people constantly break them. Since the primary cause of breakage is the application of more pressure than the dies were designed to handle, anything which produces this much pressure is misuse, not proper operation. For the few people who may disregard instructions and assume that the warnings do not apply to them, it is necessary to spell out the limits of warranty. But in general, we see very few broken dies and often take care of the few we do see as a warranty even when it truely may not be a defect in the die, if there is any reasonable possibility that the die might have been "brittle". With Rockwell testing, we can quickly find out exactly how hard the die is at any depth, locate seams, and generally pinpoint the problem.
One way to reduce the chance of breaking a die is to avoid jerking the handle, using sudden impact instead of gentle, smooth application of pressure. When you impact the material instead of applying pressure in a moderate approach, a shock wave is created as the lead inertia keeps it from flowing for a moment. The localized pressure in the die can be enough to burst it, even though it would have made the same bullet "forever" if the swaging action was applied in a little slower manner, giving the lead time to start moving.
People sometimes say "it just broke and I wasn't applying any unusual pressure!" but at some point, the bursting strength of the die had to be exceeded, or it wouldn't break. Generally, what feels like gentle force is really quite large because of the powerful leverage system of the swaging press. The "feel" of force is less and less as you approach the top of the stroke. If your punch holder was adjusted a little lower last time, you would "feel" more force with the same pressure. If the punch holder is then used at a higher position, the ram might go slightly further up before encountering resistance. At that point, the force would appear to be very light but the increased leverage might be 25, 30, or even 50% more than it was last time with the lower setting. The leverage increases at a log or square function rate, so that a tiny movement near the top of the press can make a large increase in pressure, whereas the same adjustment a little lower in the stroke might make considerably less difference.
The result is that someone who is not familiar with this press technology and its implications would think they applied the same or even less force when the die was broken, compared to the other times when they had no problem swaging the same bullet. No doubt the apparent force was the same or less, but the actual amplified force at the higher stroke position is significant. It accounts for the frustration of honest people who feel they did nothing wrong, because the tacile feedback did not indicate any additional force. To avoid this, always raise the ram to the top, first, and then adjust the punch holder downward to contact the material in the die. Then slightly lower the ram and make small incremental adjustments in the position of the punch holder until the bullet forms on the next upward stroke. Save a bullet or core as a gauge to make the same setting next time.
Swaging too long a bullet, so the punch is not a full caliber inside the die.
Striking the edge of the die through careless operation.
Using the punch against improper materials or shapes.
Using the punch in the wrong diameter or type of die.
If a bullet is so long that a nose punch, or a rebated boattail base punch, will not fit at least a full caliber length inside the die before any pressure is applied, the thin wall of the punch may not be supported on the outside. Since swaging pressures of 20,000 to 50,000 psi and more are easily generated, the force may crack the punch. This might not be apparent right away. You may notice it later, when a shorter bullet is in fact being swaged, and think that the punch broke at that time when it really did not. Sometimes the break is nearly invisible for a time, until repeated stress causes it to continue to enlarge and eventually a piece falls out of the punch. This often explains the "I didn't do anything" syndrone, because the person who broke it really didn't notice anything wrong until later, when he truely was not doing anything wrong. But punches don't break themselves!
Striking the die face happens when the punch isn't aligned with the die. This usually is caused by operating things too fast, slamming the handle up and down and not noticing that the die has come partly unscrewed or the punch holder isn't holding the punch firmly any more. Slow down, check things out, and make sure that the punch slips into the die cavity without hitting the edge of the die on the way.
Using a cavity type punch against the wrong surface can put a lot of stress on the edges of the punch. The punch is designed to be supported against tremendous pressures by the die wall on the outside, and by a very close fit of the material being swaged prior to any pressure being applied. This is less true with punches that form lead, because lead noses or bases don't offer much resistance to the steel if the lead is soft. Hard lead or jacket material that is not preformed to almost the right shape (usually in a die cavity, as with rebated boattail bullets) can create breaking forces on the edge of the thin punch walls.
Using a punch designed to form a lead nose as a tool to reshape an aluminum or hard lead slug can destroy the punch in short order. So can use of the punch in a die that is too large (or too small). If the die is too small, the punch will be swaged down and enormous pressures developed in the walls during the process, which will usually crack the hardened and tempered punch (the punch is made softer than the die so it will usually break first, being less expensive to replace). Try punches by hand before forcing them in with pressure. If it is obvous that the punch is larger than the hole in the die, why put in in there? Yet a few people do.
Using a punch in too large a die might not seem dangerous to the punch, but it is. If the punch has a cavity in the tip, the walls of the cavity are not supported by the die walls. A punch with a cavity expands slightly under pressure, until the punch contacts and is supported by the die. This is like a piston ring in a car engine. When you put the punch into a die large than the designed size, there is no support until the punch expands too much and cracks. Punches can expand only a tiny amount, in the range of a few ten thousandths of an inch. They slip up and down in the die because they spring back when the pressure is released. But metals have an elastic limit: push them beyond that, and they may not spring back far enough, or at all. In fact, they may take up the room by cracking.
Examples: Do not use your .355 (9mm) nose forming punch in a .357 die. It may work -- for a while. If a point forming die makes a nice 180 grain 308 bullet with a boattail, as designed, and you try to make a 190 grain bullet, be sure that you check very carefully whether the boattail punch is at least .308 inches up inside the die before any resistance is met. If not, quit pressing and make a shorter bullet or get a different die for the longer bullet if needed. As long as you check for good support of the punch tip to the bottom of the cavity before applying any force, you shouldn't have a problem with cracking the punches by making bullets too long for the die set. Normally one caliber length is sufficient support to keep the punch from breaking.
If the punch just doesn't reach far enough to do the job in the CSP-1 or CSP-2 press, check the setting of the ram link pin! Some jobs, such as drawing and reloading-type operations, use the long stroke setting and all swaging operations use the short stroke setting (doubles the power, also). The position of the ram at the top and bottom of the stroke will be considerably different in these two stroke settings. To change stroke settings, remove the link retainer pin and push the ram link pin sideways to free it from the ram, while holding the ram with the stop pin or ejection bar so it can't fall out of the press. Jog the handle slightly to find the best place where pressure is relieved on the pin and it will move easily.
Reposition the ram and handle so you can put the ram link pin in the second set of toggle holes, push the pin into position and be SURE to remove the stop pin or ejection bar from the press! If you do not remove the stop pin now, in the long stroke position, you can shear it off!
If the problem is simply that you are making light a bullet, and the external punch runs out of length before it contacts the material in the die, you may need a different internal punch (with a longer head section) to move the material closer to the die mouth. If the problem is that your bullet is too heavy and sticks out the die mouth, or you cannot get the material in and out of the die without moving the punch holder, you may need a different internal punch or perhaps you have exceeded the maximum possible length for the press. About 1.2 inches is the longest bullet for the Silver Press, about 1.3 for the Series II press, and about 1.5 for the CSP-2 MegaMite press. The hydraulic power presses using -H dies have adjustable top and bottom of stroke positions, so you can make extremely long bullets if the dies and punches accept them.
Each die set is designed for a certain range of lengths of bullet, and may or may not be able to make other lengths outside this range, depending if the limit is caused by the maximum cavity depth, minimum head length on the punch, or another factor. Sometimes you can exceed the design limits a bit by removing the retainer bushing from the punch holder, and guiding the external punch by hand, then removing it to load in another bullet, replace it and swage, remove and eject and load, and so forth. Those operations that do not pull on the punch work well, such as the point forming or core swaging operations. Some core seating jobs tend to pull on the external punch so you need to have it secure on the down stroke.
Swaging hard material or oversized components.
Allowing foreign material to fall into the ram.
Not securing the stop pin in the slot of a point form die's punch head.
Using an internal punch with an out of tolerance head length.
Applying force rapidly with the handle horizontal (max.force on the pin).
Attempting to swage bullets with the press in the reloading stroke.
Hard material, especially in the core swage or LSWC-1 type dies, is difficult to shear off at the extrusion holes on the back stroke, and may create excess force against the stop pin. Foreign material can cause the ram to force against the stop pin at the bottom of the stroke by raising the effective bottom of the hole inside the ram. The end of the point forming (or RBT) die ejection punch may strike and bend the stop pin if it isn't secured by placing the stop pin in the slot, located in the side of the ejection punch head (with older style slotted punch heads and the short stop pin) or through the hole in the internal punch (current production with long stop pins).
If material falls into the ram, it can go down the hole in which the ejection pin rides. The material shortens the hole, and presses against the end of the pin, forcing it against the stop pin. This can result in a broken stop pin. To check whether there is material in the hole, measure from the top of the ram to the bottom of the deepest hole in the center of the ram. Your probe should go 4-5/8 inches from the top edge of the ram into the press. If this distance is shorter, it means something has been packed into the hole (usually lead extrusions). These can normally be removed with a hand-turned drill bit.
It is always best of apply force smoothly, rather than jerking the handle. The impact may break the stop pin, where a more gentle application of the same force would not. Swaging operations should always be done at the top of the stroke with the handle nearly vertical, not with the handle pointed out at 90 degrees from the press (horizontal). The minimum leverage occurs at this position, increasing stress on the system. At this point, the components should have already been released from the die and simply be moving out with low force. If it is otherwise, the operation probably is not correctly set up.
The stop pin must be removed with the CSP-1 press is used in the reloading (4-inch stroke) mode. Otherwise the ram will be stopped by the stop pin part way through the stroke, and all the press leverage will be applied to the stop pin. It is not designed for this, but only to support the internal punch and cause ejection on the down stroke. The pin may bend or snap as a result. If the stroke appears to be blocked, so you cannot move the handle through a full 180-degree arc (from straight up to straight down) then check the position of the ram-toggle pin. If it is in the long stroke or reloading mode, the stop pin must be pulled staight out and not used.
The Corbin Hydro-Press is an extremely reliable piece of equipment, with examples known to be running well after 1.5 million or more bullets have been made over a 12 year period. Still, certain problems can occur. The most common would be dirt or contamination blocking the free movement of the solenoid directional valve (located on top of the hydraulic reservoir inside the press cabinet).
This happens when the filler cap is removed, and fluid is added to the tank, without making sure that no grit or dirt is present in the filler funnel or other devices that may be used to direct the fluid into the tank. Normally the tank does not need to be filled again once it leaves the factory. But if you change the oil filter (which should be done perhaps once every 1-2 years of heavy operation or 5 years of normal hobby use) there is a chance of getting some grit into the clean intake line at that time. Hydraulic systems must be treated almost like hospital equipment and kept very clean when you are working on exposed lines and components. Once the parts have been put together, the system is extremely resistant to outside dirt. It is vunerable only when taken apart or when new fluid is being put into the tank.
The symptom of a contaminated solenoid valve includes failure to move, jerky sporatic movement of the ram, failure to go in one direction but not the other, loud unusual vibrating or squeeking noise with slow or erratic movement, and in some cases failure to stop moving until a physical limit is reached (valve sticking open in up or down flow position). The cure is always to replace -- not attempt to fix -- the solenoid valve. It is highly unlikely that the valve can be repaired in the field. It is an extremely precise device requiring expert service and highly specialized tools. Replacement is not difficult: four wires and four bolts let it come off easily. No plumbing needs to be removed.
Before attempting to take any part off the press, be sure to call Corbin and get specific instructions concerning cleanliness, protection of the valve seats and the o-rings under it, and details for testing the valve while it is on the press. It is highly recommended that any trouble shooting be done by a qualified industrial hydraulic service person, not by farm or road equipment hydraulic service personnel.
Electrical logic systems on the CHP-1 press can be tested by a qualified electrician while Corbin is on the phone to give instructions. There are six logic relays and a TDL relay, and the six logic relays all interchange to find out if one of them could be defective. A specific test process of the relays, which plug into sockets, can quickly determine if one is bad (sticking, open coil, or open contacts).
Problems which are easily cured in the field include turning the pressure control so far to one end that the screw adjustment mechanism runs off its range (a procedure for disassembly and repair is available on request), setting the pressure reverse so low that the mere movement of the ram triggers a reverse signal (and the press simply vibrates loudly as it tries to go up and immediately is told to go down by the sensor), removing the proximity detectors and replacing them in the wrong positions, adjusting the proximity detectors so that they always see what they think is the ram in front of them even if it is a guard or some other metal object, setting the pressure too low to trip the pressure reverse sensor, and screwing the ram speed control so far that the ram does not appear to have any visible movement.
To solve these and other problems, a trouble-shooting guide complete with wiring diagram and hydraulic schematic is available on request. Be sure to call and perhaps we can simply talk you through a series of simple tests to find out the likely cause of your problem. Never start taking the machine apart without at least trying to get help first, as most problems are not as serious as they seem and often stem from adjustments rather than major components.
Lead bullets with a small flat or void area on the nose, or the edge of a boat tail base, generally suffer from trapped air or lube in a closed punch cavity. This occurs because the lead core being pushed into the die seals lubricant or air between the end of the core and the contact area with a tapered part of the punch or die cavity. More pressure makes the flat area smaller, because it compresses the air to a smaller volume. But the cure is to provide a way for the air to get out of the way of the incoming lead core.
First, try the most simple solution: use less lube on the core, and slightly more pressure. Sometimes just stroking the press twice, allowing the bullet to almost be ejected but then pushing it back for one more stroke, will take care of the void. In cases where your are using cut lead wire, the end of the core usually is angled and will tend to fill out incompletely to a greater extent than if you flip the bullet end for end and reswage it, using the evenly formed base as the nose end on the second stroke.
If that doesn't work, then use a smaller diameter of lead core which will fit all the way to the bottom of the punch or die cavity before the rest of it expands and seals the bore. The smaller diameter may not allow sufficient weight of lead in a short enough core to fit within the die prior to buckling and folding over outside the die.
In that case, use a core that has a pre-formed taper on one end, sufficient to contact the bottom of the punch or die. To make such a core, the CM-4a core mold can be built so the pistons have tapered cavities in their ends. Or lead wire can be pre-swaged using a die and punch that creates a long, tapered nose shape on the core. The die can be a core swage, which also pre-sets the exact weight.
A longer round nose lead bullet of smaller caliber can be used to make a larger diameter lead bullet with a more blunt nose. The longer ogive should be such that it fits to the bottom of the shorter nose punch cavity, and the diameter does not contact the punch edge and trap air under the core.


Polished Concrete is a process that enhances the natural beauty of existing concrete through hardening and polishing the substrate to create a high gloss, dense, stain-resistant and low maintenance flooring system.
There are two primary concrete polish methods: Mechanical and Topical. For the Mechanical method, we use wet or dry polishing processes based on customer site conditions. The Topical method includes deep cleaning and polishing using a scrub, seal and buff process to achieve a dustproof, hardened flooring system. We also offer a number of Decorative options.
A mechanical polish uses diamonds and impregnating hardeners and sealers to level, densify, polish and finally seal the floor from the interior. The ability to cut to the desired aggregate opens up an array of design options.
For remodeling, we include a dry polishing process for a clean worksite at all times and no special disposal requirements for the waste generated from concrete slurry. For new construction, we include a wet polishing process which increases production and reduces cost to the customer.
Our dry polish process grinds the concrete to level and expose the desired aggregate. The aggregate choice could demand grinding up to ½ of the concrete surface. We then apply the densifyers and sealer, and polish the surface until the desired sheen or gloss is reached.
For our wet polish process, we use waste recycling units to separate the concrete slurry from the wastewater which can be disposed of in the same manner as our dry polish. Wet polish extends the life of diamond tooling but creates slurry to be recaptured and disposed, which slows application productivity.
The dry polish system collects 98% of airborne particulates through HEPA filtration vacuuming, eliminates downtime and reduces flooring system installation time. It is a preferred polishing method as it does not create slurry, and can be performed with no production down time, increasing application productivity.
For a topical application, penetrating sealers soak into the concrete and react with the natural elements in the substrate to densify, dustproof, seal, and resist chemicals. The final finish includes a cost effective flooring system that will obtain sheen over time.
Abundant options including colorants saw cuts, engraving, and even stenciled art create an aesthetically appealing, durable floor without breaking the budget.
Uniform, Monolithic Looked art create an aesthetically appealing, durable floor without breaking the budget.


Thanks to TwoFeetThick and All That's Sacred who [simultaneious?] posted this Billboard article in which Stone Gossard confirms Bridge School, announces a possible 2011 South American Tour, and hints at some studio time for Pearl Jam in the very near future.
The full Stone interview is here.


Drones are perfect for the videogame-style 3rd-person chase view, which will be a hoot to see on the top rallycross championships.
The concept is simple: there's an IR transmitter strip along the rear wing, and all the flying camera has to do is latch on to the transmitter in a distance such that it films just like a game in chase view. The camera can also be made to shoot live feeds. Because rallycross has short races, there's minimal worry for battery life—after one race, just switch juice packs.
Unfortunately, it can only really be made to happen during qualifying, because who would want to see flying cameras bugging the race cars?