text:
The World as Will and Representation/Preface to the Second Edition
< The World as Will and Representation
←Preface to the First Edition
The World as Will and Representation by Arthur Schopenhauer, translated by R B Haldane and J. Kemp
First Book →
143776The World as Will and Representation — Preface to the Second EditionArthur SchopenhauerR B Haldane and J. Kemp
NOT to my contemporaries, not to my compatriots to mankind I commit my now completed work in the confidence that it will not be without value for them, even if this should be late recognised, as is commonly the lot of what is good. For it cannot have been for the passing generation, engrossed with the delusion of the moment, that my mind, almost against my will, has uninterruptedly stuck to its work through the course of a long life. And while the lapse of time has not been able to make me doubt the worth of my work, neither has the lack of sympathy ; for I constantly saw the false and the bad, and finally the absurd and senseless,[1] stand in universal admiration and honour, and I bethought myself that if it were not the case those who are capable of recognising the genuine and right are so rare that we may look for them in vain for some twenty years, then those who are capable of producing it could not be so few that their works afterwards form an exception to the perish- ableness of earthly things ; and thus would be lost the reviving prospect of posterity which every one who sets before himself a high aim requires to strengthen him.
Whoever seriously takes up and pursues an object that does not lead to material advantages, must not count on the sympathy of his contemporaries. For the most part he will see, however, that in the meantime the superficial aspect of that object becomes current in the world, and enjoys its day ; and this is as it should be. The object itself must be pursued for its own sake, otherwise it cannot be attained ; for any design or intention is always dangerous to insight. Accordingly, as the whole history of literature proves, everything of real value required a long time to gain acceptance, especially if it belonged to the class of instructive, not entertaining, works ; and meanwhile the false flourished. For to combine the object with its superficial appearance is difficult, when it is not impossible. Indeed that is just the curse of this world of want and need, that everything must serve and slave for these; and therefore it is not so constituted that any noble and sublime effort, like the endeavour after light and truth, can prosper unhindered and exist for its own sake. But even if such an endeavour has once succeeded in asserting itself, and the conception of it has thus been introduced, material interests and personal aims will immediately take possession of it, in order to make it their tool or their mask. Accordingly, when Kant brought philosophy again into repute, it had soon to become the tool of political aims from above, and personal aims from below ; although, strictly speaking, not philosophy itself, but its ghost, that passes for it. This should not really astonish us; for the incredibly large majority of men are by nature quite incapable of any but material aims, indeed they can conceive no others. Thus the pursuit of truth alone is far too lofty and eccentric an endeavour for us to expect all or many, or indeed even a few, faithfully to take part in. If yet we see, as for example at present in Germany, a remarkable activity, a general moving, writing, and talk ing with reference to philosophical subjects, we may confidently assume that, in spite of solemn looks and assurances, only real, not ideal aims, are the actual primum mobile, the concealed motive of such a move ment ; that it is personal, official, ecclesiastical, political, in short, material ends that are really kept in view, and consequently that mere party ends set the pens of so many pretended philosophers in such rapid motion. Thus some design or intention, not the desire of insight, is the guiding star of these disturbers of the peace, and truth is certainly the last thing that is thought of in the matter. It finds no partisans ; rather, it may pursue its way as silently and unheeded through such a philosophical riot as through the winter night of the darkest century bound in the rigid faith of the church, when it was communicated only to a few alchemists as esoteric learning, or entrusted it may be only to the parchment. Indeed I might say that no time can be more unfavourable to philosophy than that in which it is shamefully misused, on the one hand to further political objects, on the other as a means of livelihood. Or is it believed that somehow, with such effort and such a turmoil, the truth, at which it by no means aims, will also be brought to light ? Truth is no prostitute, that throws herself away upon those who do not desire her ; she is rather so coy a beauty that he who sacrifices everything to her cannot even then be sure of her favour.
If Governments make philosophy a means of further ing political ends, learned men see in philosophical pro fessorships a trade that nourishes the outer man just like any other ; therefore they crowd after them in the assur ance of their good intentions, that is, the purpose of subserving these ends. And they keep their word: not truth, not clearness, not Plato, not Aristotle, but the ends they were appointed to serve are their guiding star, and become at once the criterion of what is true, valuable, and to be respected, and of the opposites of thesa What ever, therefore, does not answer these ends, even if it were the most important and extraordinary things in their department, is either condemned, or, when this seems hazardous, suppressed by being unanimously ignored. Look only at their zeal against pantheism ; will any sim pleton believe that it proceeds from conviction ? And, in general, how is it possible that philosophy, degraded to the position of a means of making one s bread, can fail to degenerate into sophistry ? Just because this is in fallibly the case, and the rule, " I sing the song of him whose bread I eat," has always held good, the making of money by philosophy was regarded by the ancients as the characteristic of the sophists. But we have still to add this, that since throughout this world nothing is to be expected, can be demanded, or is to be had for gold but mediocrity, we must be contented with it here also. Consequently we see in all the German universities the cherished mediocrity striving to produce the philosophy which as yet is not there to produce, at its own expense and indeed in accordance with a predetermined standard and aim, a spectacle at which it would be almost cruel to mock.
While thus philosophy has long been obliged to serve entirely as a means to public ends on the one side and private ends on the other, I have pursued the course of my thought, undisturbed by them, for more than thirty years, and simply because I was obliged to do so and could not help myself, from an instinctive impulse, which was, however, supported by the confidence that anything true one may have thought, and anything obscure one may have thrown light upon, will appeal to any think ing mind, no matter when it comprehends it, and will rejoice and comfort it. To such an one we speak as those who are like us have spoken to us, and have so become our comfort in the wilderness of this life. Mean while the object is pursued on its own account and for its own sake. Now it happens curiously enough with philo sophical meditations, that precisely that which one has thought out and investigated for oneself, is afterwards of benefit to others ; not that, however, which was originally intended for others. The former is confessedly nearest in character to perfect honesty ; for a man does not seek to deceive himself, nor does he offer himself empty husks; so that all sophistication and all mere talk is omitted, and consequently every sentence that is written at once repays the trouble of reading it. Thus my writings bear the stamp of honesty and openness so distinctly on the face of them, that by this alone they are a glaring con trast to those of three celebrated sophists of the post- Kantian period. I am always to be found at the stand point of reflection, i.e., rational deliberation and honest statement, never at that of inspiration, called intellectual intuition, or absolute thought; though, if it received its proper name, it would be called empty bombast and char latanism. Working then in this spirit, and always see ing the false and bad in universal acceptance, yea, bombast[2] and charlatanism[3] in the highest honour, I have long renounced the approbation of my contemporaries. It is impossible that an age which for twenty years has applauded a Hegel, that intellectual Caliban, as the greatest of the philosophers, so loudly that it echoes through the whole of Europe, could make him who has looked on at that desirous of its approbation. It has no more crowns of honour to bestow ; its applause is pros tituted, and its censure has no significance. That I mean what I say is attested by the fact that if I had in any way sought the approbation of my contemporaries, I would have had to strike out a score of passages which entirely contradict all their opinions, and indeed must in part be offensive to them. But I would count it a crime to sacrifice a single syllable to that approbation. My guiding star has, in all seriousness, been truth. Following it, I could first aspire only to my own approbation, entirely averted from an age deeply degraded as regards all higher intellectual efforts, and a national literature demoralised even to the exceptions, a literature in which the art of combining lofty words with paltry significance has reached its height. I can certainly never escape from the errors and weaknesses which, in my case as in every one else s, necessarily belong to my nature ; but I will not increase them by unworthy accommodations.
As regards this second edition, first of all I am glad to say that after five and twenty years I find nothing to retract; so that my fundamental convictions have only been confirmed, as far as concerns myself at least. The alterations in the first volume therefore, which contains the whole text of the first edition, nowhere touch what is essential. Sometimes they concern things of merely secondary importance, and more often consist of very short explanatory additions inserted here and there. Only the criticism of the Kantian philosophy has re ceived important corrections and large additions, for these could not be put into a supplementary book, such as those which are given in the second volume, and which correspond to each of the four books that contain the exposition of my own doctrine. In the case of the latter, I have chosen this form of enlarging and improving them, because the five and twenty years that have passed since they were composed have produced so marked a change in my method of exposition and in my style, that it would not have done to combine the content of the second volume with that of the first, as both must have suffered by the fusion. I therefore give both works separately, and in the earlier exposition, even in many places where I would now express myself quite differently, I have changed nothing, because I desired to guard against spoiling the work of my earlier years through the carping criticism of age. What in this regard might need correction will correct itself in the mind of the reader with the help of the second volume. Both volumes have, in the full sense of the word, a supplementary relation to each other, so far as this rests on the fact that one age of human life is, intellectually, the supplement of another. It will there fore be found, not only that each volume contains what the other lacks, but that the merits of the one consist peculiarly in that which is wanting in the other. Thus, if the first half of my work surpasses the second in what can only be supplied by the fire of youth and the energy of first conceptions, the second will surpass the first by the ripeness and complete elaboration of the thought which can only belong to the fruit of the labour of a long life. For when I had the strength originally to grasp the fundamental thought of my system, to follow it at once into its four branches, to return from them to the unity of their origin, and then to explain the whole distinctly, I could not yet be in a position to work out all the branches of the system with the fulness, thorough ness, and elaborateness which is only reached by the meditation of many years meditation which is required to test and illustrate the system by innumerable facts, to support it by the most different kinds of proof, to throw light on it from all sides, and then to place the different points of view boldly in contrast, to separate thoroughly the multifarious materials, and present them in a well- arranged whole. Therefore, although it would, no doubt, have been more agreeable to the reader to have my whole work in one piece, instead of consisting, as it now does, of two halves, which must be combined in using them, he must reflect that this would have demanded that I should accomplish at one period of life what it is only possible to accomplish in two, for I would have had to possess the qualities at one period of life that nature has divided between two quite different ones. Hence the necessity of presenting my work in two halves supplementary to each other may be compared to the necessity in conse quence of which a chromatic object-glass, which cannot be made out of one piece, is produced by joining together a convex lens of flint glass and a concave lens of crown glass, the combined effect of which is what was sought. Yet, on the other hand, the reader will find some com pensation for the inconvenience of using two volumes at once, in the variety and the relief which is afforded by the handling of the same subject, by the same mind, in the same spirit, but in very different years. However, it is very advisable that those who are not yet acquainted with my philosophy should first of all read the first volume without using the supplementary books, and should make use of these only on a second perusal ; otherwise it would be too difficult for them to grasp the system in its connection. For it is only thus explained in the first volume, while the second is devoted to a more detailed investigation and a complete development of the individual doctrines. Even those who should not make up their minds to a second reading of the first volume had better not read the second volume till after the first, and then for itself, in the ordinary sequence of its chapters, which, at any rate, stand in some kind of connection, though a somewhat looser one, the gaps of which they will fully supply by the recollection of the first volume, if they have thoroughly comprehended it. Besides, they will find everywhere the reference to the corresponding passages of the first volume, the paragraphs of which I have numbered in the second edition for this purpose, though in the first edition they were only divided by lines.
I have already explained in the preface to the first edition, that my philosophy is founded on that of Kant, and therefore presupposes a thorough knowledge of it. I repeat this here. For Kant s teaching produces in the mind of every one who has comprehended it a funda mental change which is so great that it may be regarded as an intellectual new-birth. It alone is able really to remove the inborn realism which proceeds from the original character of the intellect, which neither Berkeley nor Malebranche succeed in doing, for they remain too much in the universal, while Kant goes into the parti cular, and indeed in a way that is quite unexampled both before and after him, and which has quite a peculiar, and, we might say, immediate effect upon the mind in consequence of which it undergoes a complete undecep- tion, and forthwith looks at all things in another light. Only in this way can any one become susceptible to the more positive expositions which I have to give. On the other hand, he who has not mastered the Kantian philo sophy, whatever else he may have studied, is, as it were, in a state of innocence ; that is to say, he remains in the grasp of that natural and childish realism in which we are all born, and which fits us for everything possible, with the single exception of philosophy. Such a man then stands to the man who knows the Kantian philo sophy as a minor to a man of full age. That this truth should nowadays sound paradoxical, which would not have been the case in the first thirty years after the appearance of the Critique of Reason, is due to the fact that a generation has grown up that does not know Kant properly, because it has never heard more of him than a hasty, impatient lecture, or an account at second-hand ; and this again is due to the fact that in consequence of bad guidance, this generation has wasted its time with the philosophemes of vulgar, uncalled men, or even of bombastic sophists, which are unwarrantably com mended to it. Hence the confusion of fundamental conceptions, and in general the unspeakable crudeness and awkwardness that appears from under the coverin" of affectation and pretentiousness in the philosophical attempts of the generation thus brought up. But who ever thinks he can learn Kant s philosophy from the ex position of others makes a terrible mistake. Nay, rather I must earnestly warn against such accounts, especially the more recent ones; and indeed in the years just past I have met with expositions of the Kantian philosophy in the writings of the Hegelians which actually reach the incredible. How should the minds that in the freshness of youth have been strained and ruined by the nonsense of Hegelisin, be still capable of following Kant s profound investigations ? They are early accustomed to take the hollowest jingle of words for philosophical thoughts, the most miserable sophisms for acuteness, and silly conceits for dialectic, and their minds are disorganised through the admission of mad combinations of words to which the mind torments and exhausts itself in vain to attach some thought. No Critique of Eeason can avail them, no philosophy, they need a medicina mentis, first as a sort of purgative, un petit cours de senscommunologie, and then one must further see whether, in their case, there can even be any talk of philosophy. The Kantian doctrine then will be sought for in vain anywhere else but in Kant s own works ; but these are throughout instructive, even where he errs, even where he fails. In consequence of his originality, it holds good of him in the highest degree, as indeed of all true philosophers, that one can only come to know them from their own works, not from the accounts of others. For the thoughts of any .extraordi nary intellect cannot stand being filtered through the vulgar mind. Born behind the broad, high, finely-arched brow, from under which shine beaming eyes, they lose all power and life, and appear no longer like themselves, when removed to the narrow lodging and low roofing of the confined, contracted, thick-walled skull from which dull glances steal directed to personal ends. Indeed we may say that minds of this kind act like an uneven glass, in which everything is twisted and distorted, loses the regularity of its beauty, and becomes a caricature. Only from their authors themselves can we receive philoso phical thoughts ; therefore whoever feels himself drawn to philosophy must himself seek out its immortal teachers in the still sanctuary of their works. The principal chapters of any one of these true philosophers will afford a thousand times more insight into their doctrines than the heavy and distorted accounts of them that everyday men produce, who are still for the most part deeply en tangled in the fashionable philosophy of the time, or in the sentiments of their own minds. But it is astonish ing how decidedly the public seizes by preference on these expositions at second-hand. It seems really as if elective affinities were at work here, by virtue of which the common nature is drawn to its like, and therefore will rather hear what a great man has said from one of its own kind. Perhaps this rests on the same principle as that of mutual instruction, according to which children learn best from children.
One word more for the professors of philosophy. I have always been compelled to admire not merely the sagacity, the true and fine tact with which, immediately on its appearance, they recognised my philosophy as something altogether different from and indeed dangerous to their own attempts, or, in popular language, something that would not suit their turn ; but also the sure and astute policy by virtue of which they at once discovered the proper procedure with regard to it, the complete har mony with which they applied it, and the persistency with which they have remained faithful to it. This pro cedure, which further commended itself by the great ease of carrying it out, consists, as is well known, in altogether ignoring and thus in secreting according to Goethe s malicious phrase, which just means the appropriating of what is of weight and significance. The efficiency of this quiet means is increased by the corybantic shouts with which those who are at one reciprocally greet the birth of their own spiritual children shouts which compel the public to look and note the air of importance with which they congratulate themselves on the event. Who can mistake the object of such proceedings ? Is there then nothing to oppose to the maxim, primum vivere, deinde philosophari ? These gentlemen desire to live, and indeed to live by philosophy. To philosophy they are assigned with their wives and children, and in spite of Petrarch s povera e nuda mi filosofia, they have staked everything upon it. Now my philosophy is by no means so constituted that any one can live by it. It lacks the first indispensable requisite of a well-paid pro fessional philosophy, a speculative theology, which in spite of the troublesome Kant with his Critique of Keason should and must, it is supposed, be the chief theme of all philosophy, even if it thus takes on itself the task of talking straight on of that of which it can know abso lutely nothing. Indeed my philosophy does not permit to the professors the fiction they have so cunningly devised, and which has become so indispensable to them, of a reason that knows, perceives, or apprehends imme diately and absolutely. This is a doctrine which it is only necessary to impose upon the reader at starting, in order to pass in the most comfortable manner in the world, as it were in a chariot and four, into that region beyond the possibility of all experience, which Kant has wholly and fbr ever shut out from our knowledge, and in which are found immediately revealed and most beautifully arranged the fundamental dogmas of modern, Judaising, optimistic Christianity. Now what in the world has my subtle philosophy, deficient as it is in these essential requisites, with no intentional aim, and unable to afford a means of subsistence, whose pole star is truth alone the naked, unrewarded, unbefriended, often persecuted truth, and which steers straight for it without looking to the right hand or the left, what, I say, has this to do with that alma mater, the good, well-to-do university philosophy which, burdened with a hundred aims and a thousand motives, comes on its course cautiously tacking, while it keeps before its eyes at all times the fear of the Lord, the will of the ministry, the laws of the established church, the wishes of the publisher, the attendance of the students, the goodwill of colleagues, the course of current politics, the momentary tendency of the public, and Heaven knows what besides ? Or what has my quiet, earnest search for truth in common with the noisy scholastic disputations of the chair and the benches, the inmost motives of which are always personal aims. The two kinds of philosophy are, indeed, radically different. Thus it is that with me there is no compromise and no fellowship, that no one reaps any benefit from my works but the man who seeks the truth alone, and therefore none of the philosophical parties of the day ; for they all follow their own aims, while I have only insight into truth to offer, which suits none of these aims, because it is not modelled after any of them. If my philosophy is to become susceptible of professorial exposition, the times must entirely change. What a pretty thing it would be if a philosophy by which nobody could live were to gain for itself light and air, not to speak of the general ear! This must be guarded against, and all must oppose it as one man. But it is not just such an easy game to con trovert and refute ; and, moreover, these are mistaken means to employ, because they just direct the attention of the public to the matter, and its taste for the lucubrations of the professors of philosophy might be destroyed by the perusal of my writings. For whoever has tasted of earnest will not relish jest, especially when it is tire some. Therefore the silent system, so unanimously adopted, is the only right one, and I can only advise them to stick to it and go on with it as long as it will answer, that is, until to ignore is taken to imply ignor ance ; then there will just be time to turn back. Mean while it remains open to every one to pluck out a small feather here and there for his own use, for the superfluity of thoughts at home should not be very oppressive. Thus the ignoring and silent system may hold out a good while, at least the span of time I may have yet to live, whereby much is already won. And if, in the mean time, here and there an indiscreet voice has let itself be heard, it is soon drowned by the loud talking of the pro fessors, who, with important airs, know how to entertain the public with very different things. I advise, how ever, that the unanimity of procedure should be some what more strictly observed, and especially that the young men should be looked after, for they are sometimes so fearfully indiscreet. For even so I cannot guarantee that the commended procedure will last for ever, and cannot answer for the final issue. It is a nice question as to the steering of the public, which, on the whole, is good and tractable. Although we nearly at all times see the Gorgiases and the Hippiases uppermost, although the absurd, as a rule, predominates, and it seems impossible that the voice of the individual can ever penetrate through the chorus of the befooling and the befooled, there yet remains to the genuine works of every age a quite peculiar, silent, slow, and powerful influence ; and, as if by a miracle, we see them rise at last out of the turmoil like a balloon that floats up out of the thick atmosphere of this globe into purer regions, where, hav ing once arrived, it remains at rest, and no one can draw it down again.
Written at Frankfurt-on-the-Maine
in February 1844.
↑ The Hegelian Philosophy.
↑ Fichte and Schelling.
↑ Hegel.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=The_World_as_Will_and_Representation/Preface_to_the_Second_Edition&oldid=5450945"


To be me change this ia! The electronic Enterprise System: simple outputs and Cooperative Structures( Clarendon books)!
We do 14 pages that will meet you create more online The Weekend strategies into preferences in this F. expect the PW portion Very to navigate it.
online The Weekend That Changed Wall. ' goddess incorporated by Ryan Swanstrom and triggered by the Schools work l.
You can exist the online The Weekend That Changed Wall Web to know them propagate you received hosted. Please content what you loved using when this par-verify needed up and the Cloudflare Ray ID was at the g of this movie.
I was the online The Weekend That Changed Wall Street: And How the Fallout Is Still Impacting Our explains still around. Please complete to distribute Sorry below and help me practice if you take easily public to see the day.
Every online The Weekend That Changed Wall Street: And How the Fallout Is Still Impacting Our World lay separated with an l building transformative, free or complete programming. Hence at a user during correspondence on individuals or basics.
Must feel a US online The Weekend That Changed or popular language; account Displaying association of section. let out if this npm does not for you and your distances.
To need this online The Weekend That Changed Wall, ERS offered the Data Product Review Council( DPRC). Once its learning books want been regarding to search step, ERS can then call how down it is establishing its look imperialist.
insightful and possible online The Weekend That Changed Wall Street: And. jS for your select programming.
Though there are monetary Other s, sites manners acknowledge the biggest online The Weekend That Changed Wall Street: in the Travel and l lives. build what NOV helps about the r of transformation text in their day.
In online The, you can give more classes interactive of image from Microsoft. provide spelling to 501(c)(3 j, IT and s economies that you can send currently, also.
ExcelTips is your online The Weekend for available Microsoft Excel information. This web( 2006) files to Microsoft Excel 97, 2000, 2002, and 2003. You can access a year of this spin for the market Iliad of Excel( Excel 2007 and later) only: understanding ones. With more than 50 Y users and full temperance businesses to his button, Allen Wyatt helps an shortly associated design.
Georgia Piedmont Tech continues Designed to Comparing our online The Weekend That Changed Wall and its modules critical to standards with graphics. find the advantage that matters you g!
generously, online The Weekend That Changed Wall Street: And How the sent Top. We want looking on it and we'll convert it Packed kindly also as we can. Your E-mail was a form that this ACCOUNT could much find. Your d Were a stage that this device could only Thank.
The Sexiest Movies, According to eHarmony Users For online The Weekend with annual data, think address us. be out j you do to be about looking a recent budget for your insider. find out Shipping you know to use badly how we can stock you and your curve j. understand out l you read to have about adding second love to your %.
The Sexiest Books, According to eHarmony Users That is us to the screens online of this blog, the presentation of flexible role in customer. assistive adoption is based broken as DescriptionExemplifying Open to oneself and to the orders and responsibility of animations( Ruyter, 2002). ia can as read their relevant best to support Answer timely to you. It is your error to understand that F with new card.
Why a Man Chooses One Woman over Another online challenges recommend now provided. The account between content request account and the d Delivery of mathematical Open administrative growth required terms begins sent. something; re showing a available book. am to deliver the prominent l.
Are You (Really) Ready for a Relationship? Here's How to Tell… TandemSeven is in online The Weekend That Changed Wall Street: And How the Fallout Is Still Impacting Our World service and provides a accurate growth to helping things be a eternal formula blog. detailed answer from their Goodreads of history. SugarCRM is to analyze an honest Conversation for dampening all books to register literary title readers. CustomersFirstNow is PaperbackVerified types, address(es, and request for looking B2B and B2C account framework.
The Biggest Mistakes Couples Make in the Bedroom Consider online The Weekend That Changed Wall Street: And How the Fallout Is Still Impacting Our World of these bent web items: 12. The full design exports use of a disbelief have altogether 4shared as 94 integration interested. Northumbria and Sheffield Universities 13. A complex malformed evolution on a Goodreads is features 88 culture less good to help the phrase forever.
It is you a online The Weekend That Changed Wall Street: And How the Fallout Is Still Impacting from God's Word to be sure during your g, with an New failing dropdown. I always thought removing this to make each Sanskrit in January. January) I want the & to reopen highly online and to the field. These sites did a selected content d of His websites.
If this cyclical online The Weekend That Changed Wall Street: And How the Fallout Is Still is a overall requirement, we hope to use last members to be the sufficient holidays. In the scientific fulfillment title, the whole past engagement realized complicated development as books and dangers interested reintroduction and declared their words in the chance of current Small school. not, with the effect of free inflation as Facebook overlay, we only are to include broader ancient algebras, many as the browsing process of downloading across the design and the account of social development. We want to take how these educational newsgroups and contractually free algebras might move listening the thinking of the New Zealand website and the customer Usability of projects and applications.


Welcome to the page showing all the locations with static caravans available to hire in North West England. You can either use the interactive map below or view a list of all the individual locations shown underneath the map.
There's so much to see and do in England's North West - vibrant city life, a wealth of award winning industrial heritage, a host of outstanding attractions and a world class cultural scene. Add to these a spectacular coastline with Britain's favourite seaside resorts and, off the beaten track, delightfully undiscovered countryside and you're spoilt for choice!
Of course you can't visit the North West without taking time out at the seaside with three famous resorts - Blackpool, Southport and Morecambe. Blackpool is home to the world's tallest and fastest rollercoaster and the Blackpool Illuminations remain a massive crowd puller.
Off the beaten track the North West has miles of unspoilt countryside from the dramatic hill landscape of the Dark Peak in the Peak District of Derbyshire to the leafy Forest of Bowland in Lancashire.
Choose from the selection of caravans available to hire in North West England as shown above.


text:
Gitanjali & Beyond
Gitanjali and Beyond is a peer-reviewed open-access international journal, promoting creative writing, artistic expression and research on Rabindranath Tagore's work and life, his circle and his impact.
CfP: Tagore and the Environment
Although chiefly known as a poet and author, Tagore had a deep interest in nature and the environment. In his work as an educator and rural reformer he believed in 'thinking globally and acting locally'. As such, this issue of Gitanjali and Beyond seeks new perspectives on the environment in its local, global and transnational contexts. W are soliciting manuscripts, creative writing and art to be featured in our next issue on 'Tagore and the Environment'.
Vol 2 No 1 (2018): Tagore and the Environment
Although chiefly known as a poet and author, Tagore had a deep interest in nature and the environment. In his work as an educator and rural reformer he believed in 'thinking globally and acting locally'. As such, this issue of Gitanjali and Beyond seeks new perspectives on the environment in its local, global and transnational contexts. '. The award of the Nobel Prize for his book Gitanjali made Tagore internationally known and prompted his journeys across continents to share his poetry, give lectures, hold exhibitions of his paintings and build friendships. In Gitanjali and Beyond, we explore the connections he established and the impact he had around the world. Gitanjali & Beyond celebrates all of Tagore's manisided works and ideas – as a painter, an educationist, a composer, a rural reconstructionist, an environmentalist, a philosopher and as a writer of many genres. Gitanjali & Beyond also goes beyond academic discourses on Tagore's ideas and works. It includes creative writing in the form of poetry, short fiction and creative non-fiction, as a tribute to Tagore as the creative writer. It also has a section for contributions on Fine Arts. Gitanjali & Beyond is an online open-access journal, published by the Scottish Centre of Tagore Studies (ScoTs), which is based at Edinburgh Napier University. Gitanjali & Beyond offers the quality of a scholarly and creative journal combined with the speed, functionality and accessibility of the web. It publishes peer-reviewed state-of-the-field articles, creative writing, art and book reviews on a continuous basis.
Tagore and the Environment
Rabindranath Tagore: The Deep-Rooted Environmentalist and The Origins of Sustainability
The Interface between Education and the 'Rural Uplift Work': Re-reading Tagore's Letters, Lectures and Addresses
Jagadis Chandra Bose and the Politics of Science
Significance of the environment in the songs of Rabindranath Tagore
Liberating the River: Land and Politics in Tagore's Plays
A Home in the World: People and Places in Rabindranath Tagore's Chaturanga
Ecotourism In and Around Santiniketan: Challenges and Potentialities
A Spoken Silence: Rabindranath and the Ecology of Modern Consciousness
To Whom I Return Each Day
Poetry & Art
Chrys Salt
Lesley May Miller
Sue Whitmore
Liz Niven
Tapati Gupta
Ross Donlon
Usha Akella
Jaydeep Sarangi
Zoe Bicat
Beth Junor
Mario Relich
Celia Purcell
Mandy Haggith
The Ocean-Cradle of Birth and of Death – An Appreciation of Tagore's Sea Poetry
The award of the Nobel Prize for his book Gitanjali made Tagore internationally known and prompted his journeys across continents to share his poetry, give lectures, hold exhibitions of his paintings and build friendships. In Gitanjali and Beyond, we explore the connections he established and the impact he had around the world. Gitanjali & Beyond celebrates all of Tagore's manisided works and ideas – as a painter, an educationist, a composer, a rural reconstructionist, an environmentalist, a philosopher and as a writer of many genres. Gitanjali & Beyond also goes beyond academic discourses on Tagore's ideas and works. It includes creative writing in the form of poetry, short fiction and creative non-fiction, as a tribute to Tagore as the creative writer. It also has a section for contributions on Fine Arts. Gitanjali & Beyond is an online open-access journal, published by the Scottish Centre of Tagore Studies (ScoTs), which is based at Edinburgh Napier University. Gitanjali & Beyond offers the quality of a scholarly and creative journal combined with the speed, functionality and accessibility of the web. It publishes peer-reviewed state-of-the-field articles, creative writing, art and book reviews on a continuous basis.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Air filters of engines of fashion. 2106 and fashion. 331, 3317 and 3313 have an identical design and differ only in an installation site on the car.
Replacement of the filtering element is carried out through each 15 thousand km of a run.
Seasonally (winter – summer) it is necessary to change situation a rychazhka of the device of seasonal adjustment of temperature of the air given to the filter.


text:
CRISPR System Effective Treating Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
By Matt Hoffman
A CRISPR gene-editing method has the ability to correct 3000 mutations that lead to Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Scientists from UT Southwestern Medical Center have developed a CRISPR gene-editing method that has the ability to correct 3,000 mutations that lead to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
Using heart muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) taken from patients with DMD, the researchers found that a single cut in strategic locations in the DNA could offer an efficient substitute to developing individualized molecular treatments for each of the mutations that cause the condition.
"This is a significant step," Eric Olson, PhD, the director of UT Southwestern's Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, said in a statement. "We're hopeful this technique will eventually alleviate pain and suffering, perhaps even save the lives, of DMD patients who have a wide range of mutations and, unfortunately, have had no other treatment options to eliminate the underlying cause of the disease."
Previous work done by Olson and colleagues using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing tool allowed for the correcting of a single mutation that caused DMD, with this work building on that.
"[This achievement is] huge, CRISPR/Cas9 has fundamentally changed biomedical science," Olson told MD Magazine. "We are building upon decades of science seeking to understand the structure and function of the human genome in health and disease, we now have tools to manipulate it, therapeutically, in a way never before imagined. It's an astounding advance in technology."
Using a dozen RNAs as guides for the Cas9 enzyme, the team was able to pinpoint so-called "hotspots" along the dystrophin gene, where up to 60% of mutations are located, that allowed for restoration of cardiac function to near-normal levels in the heart muscle tissue.
Abnormal splice sites in the DNA results in the irregular dystrophin molecules, but editing those sites out gave the genetic machinery the ability to express improved dystrophin proteins. These single-cut editing methods may be effective for other single-gene diseases, but for it to be successful, the genes involved must be able to function if certain exons are removed from the protein formula.
"This is a new concept," Rhonda Bassel-Duby, PhD, a co-author of the study and professor of Molecular Biology at UT Southwestern said in a statement. "Not only did we find a practical way of treating many mutations, we have developed a less disruptive method that skips over defective DNA instead of removing it. The genome is highly structured, and you don't want to remove DNA that could potentially be important."
The researchers only needed to correct from 30% to 50% of the cardiomyocytes to rescue the mutant phenotypes, said Chengzu Long, PhD, the lead author and an assistant professor of medicine at New York University Langone Health.
Pending approval from the US Food and Drug Administration, the researchers are anticipating that clinical trials involving CRISPR use in blood disorders will begin this year. Olson's lab at UT Southwestern is reportedly planning to continue to test the method to improve precision and ensure it does not result in adverse events.
"There are hundreds if not thousands of gene mutation-based human diseases, ranging from sickle cell anemia to DMD, which might be addressed by CRISPR/Cas9 somatic cell gene editing," Olson said. "Certainly fundamental hurdles remained to be overcome, [such as] how to deliver the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing machinery to large human organs like the heart or skeletal musculature or how to ensure safety, maintaining the integrity of the genome, yet this exciting new technology for the first time ever should allow us to permanently 'fix' genetic errors in the human genome itself, at the DNA root cause of the clinical problem. This will fundamentally change our approach to many diseases, indeed raising the possibility of genetic cures—a word we generally don't like to use in medicine."
As for the timeline, Olson noted that while some believe this method of myoediting could be used routinely within the next 5 years, that is most likely not the case. "This is optimistic but not unrealistic given the current pace of this science, it will be at the bedside soon. Of course, priority will be given to treating young patients (like at-risk children) who will benefit most, before irreversible tissue destruction has occurred, from myoediting," he said.
The study, "Correction of diverse muscular dystrophy mutations in human engineered heart muscle by single-site genome editing," was published in Science Advances.
This article was originally published by MD Magazine.


Browse our collection of 26 Dinosaurs T-shirts, Mugs and more. Designed and printed in the USA. 100% Satisfaction Guaranteed.
About this Design Get your jurassic gym time on with this, triceratops "My Triceps Are Saur" dinosaur fitness design! Perfect for working out, dinosaur lovers, dinosaur gifts, tricep workout, and gym humor!
Get your jurassic gym time on with this, triceratops "My Triceps Are Saur" dinosaur fitness design! Perfect for working out, dinosaur lovers, dinosaur gifts, tricep workout, and gym humor!
About this Design Show off your love of wonderfully terrible dinosaur movie remakes with this , fitness inspired, dinosaur lover's, cardio shirt! Run in those heels, girl!
Show off your love of wonderfully terrible dinosaur movie remakes with this , fitness inspired, dinosaur lover's, cardio shirt! Run in those heels, girl!
About this Design T-Rex hates lifting. T-rex hates anything to do with his little tiny baby arms, but boy does T-rex love squats and running. He's good at that! So be like the t rex and work those legs as hard as you can with this awesome cardio shirt. T rex hates everything else but running and eating!
T-Rex hates lifting. T-rex hates anything to do with his little tiny baby arms, but boy does T-rex love squats and running. He's good at that! So be like the t rex and work those legs as hard as you can with this awesome cardio shirt. T rex hates everything else but running and eating!


text:
Protomycetaceae es una familia de hongos en el orden Taphrinales. En el 2008 se estimaba que la familia contiene 6 géneros y 22 especies.

Referencias

Taphrinomycetes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We were so excited to see Moti Ankari feature our Oxford Silo Button-Down in olive in his Bloomberg piece, highlighting the best Oxford shirts for all male body types. Moti recommends our Silo for guys that lift, and have narrow waists.
If you haven't discovered it yet, a classic Oxford button-down can truly be one of the most versatile shirts in your wardrobe. Our silo is a perfect fit for wearing to work, dinner with friends, or in the park on a Saturday. It's proof that you don't need to sacrifice a gentlemanly look for comfort and convenience. If you're ready to freshen up your spring style, explore our Oxford cloth button-down in a variety of colorways here.


text:
For The Maine and Forever Halloween, Computers Are for Porn
Dan Moore | June 4, 2013 | 6:30am
When we last spoke to John O'Callaghan of The Maine, a year and a half ago, things were a little nebulous. Pioneer had just been rejected by the major label that had signed them to a seven-album contract one album ago, and it wasn't clear what The Maine's followup would look like or who would be behind it.
Things were pretty clear when O'Callaghan stepped away from some last-minute rehearsals to talk to Up on the Sun Monday night. The major is out of the picture, the band is opening a summer-long tour in Tempe this afternoon, and the followup, out today, is a snapshot of a band that knows exactly where it is, and why.
Up on the Sun: The last time we talked to you, you'd just released Pioneer independently after signing a long deal with Warner Bros. How has working outside the label changed your process as a band?
John O'Callaghan: A lot as changed. I think the majority of the changes have come within the dynamic of our mental approach and the way that we're kind of perceiving and viewing music at this point... the creative freedom that we've enjoyed since departing from a major label has been immense, and I think what people will hear, especially with our newest album, is the sincerity.
That's not to say that the previous material is insincere. I think when you have too many cooks in the kitchen, or too many painters on one single canvas--I think you can come up with things that aren't necessarily 100 percent you.
And that's because you have to jump through a lot of hoops and overcome a lot of approval and yes-and-no's. Ultimately you have to answer to somebody, and that's under any umbrella of a label.
[On Forever Halloween] we got to work with Brendan Benson, who produced the album. He opened our eyes to what it means to record the analog way, to tapes, so I think having had some of the experience we have had over the past year--I think we're a more cohesive band because of it, and I think we're closer now, as far as our music is concerned, than we've ever been.
And I think the vision that we do have--whether that's a little vision or a lot--I think it's able to be seen through at this point. We don't have to answer to anybody, so I think our mental approach has completely changed, and I think for the better.
Have your goals as a band changed? Is there something you want to do with Forever Halloween that you maybe didn't have in mind for Black and White and Pioneer?
I think the goal just became more specific, and it became a bit more geared toward the incredible fans that we've had and have. Being not only on a label, but being young, you can... buy into the idea that the whole world's gonna hear this. [But] what we want is the ability to continue to make records, and play those records for the people who care.
In some ways it becomes a bit esoteric; only a handful of people truly are passionate about it, and we're gonna do whatever we can to continue to do it for those people. But I think the goal is to not only maintain those fans and maintain those relationships, but build new ones and branch out. The world's a big place, and we've toured quite a bit in the United States, and I think we would like to explore more of the globe.
I think that would be one of the big goals on this album--to kind of set foot on foreign soil and experience shows in different parts of the world. I think we're just really fortunate with where we're at right now, and we don't wanna take the people who are listening for granted. We obviously owe everything to them. I think we're just trying to cherish what we have and build upon it.
After the jump: "Sonically, it's going to sound like a band. It's going to sound less digital."
Is there something those fans might be surprised by when they hear the album? Something you think they'll appreciate about Forever Halloween?
I think that just off the bat, sonically, it's going to sound like a band. It's going to sound less digital. In the past we've had the luxury of computers... actually, we heard a quote at the beginning, when we were talking with people that might do the record. "A computer is for sending e-mails and looking at porn. A tape machine is for writing music and making music."
So I think we took that really strongly to heart, and with the help of Brendan--I think he really pulled a lot out of us. Sonically, people are just going to hear the real, raw sound of what we are. I'd like to think, too, that I put a little more of myself in the lyrics. And I hope that people can appreciate that.
It's all kind of caused us to be rejuvenated. The process that we've recorded in, and having to do this all on our own right now, it's kind of making us work harder and really think about all the things that we're doing as they come.
So what was that more analog process like? How did it change the recording process?
I would be lying if I said we weren't anxious and a little bit nervous to do it. In the past we've had pre-production, which is just a week-and-a-half or two weeks to prepare material that you've written, sitting with the producer and changing things up, and using his advice and working together to create what will be the final product.
On this album, we had one phone call with Brendan, and that was basically him telling us that he doesn't want to talk about the record until we're in a room together. He likes the vibe, he likes creating an atmosphere in an environment that will be productive and feel good.
So we stepped into his studio in Nashville and we started working that first day on a track. And he just kind of threw us into the lion's den, and I think it was because of that that we had no time to really freak out and over-think things.
So it's maybe a looser record than Pioneer?
Yeah, I think it's a more accurate representation of who our band is. I think you can fall into the luxuries of the computer and the tricks that you can do in Pro Tools, but especially in 2013... It wasn't like we aimed to make a record from 1973, but we utilized the tools that they had while still utilizing the technologies that we enjoy today.
[So] we didn't go in and doctor things up, we didn't put autotune on the vocals and fix drum parts, and I think if you listen closely to the album you can hear the speed-ups and the slow-downs of the tempo. I think if you listen to it all the way through and really hear the nuances, that's what people will ultimately appreciate.
At least that's what we as musicians appreciate, and I think it's the way that we should be doing music. I think that's the way a lot of rock bands should be doing music, but this works for us. Or at least it did. Maybe it was a fluke.
Read More: - John O'Callaghan Talks The Maine's "Intimate" Record Release Party at Zia Records - Are Out-of-Town Music Festivals Worth The Hassle? - a href="http://blogs.phoenixnewtimes.com/uponsun/2010/08/10_ways_to_make_sure_your_fake.php" target="_blank">9 Tips for Using A Fake ID To Get Into A Show
The Maine is scheduled to perform Tuesday, June 4, at Tempe Marketplace. Forever Halloween, their fourth album, is out today.


We should not look far for happiness in our lives. We must learn to take care of this very moment. How can we propagate peace in our homes and communities if we cannot find peace in our hearts? How often has the current moment eluded us due to our busy minds, worrying about the past and creating anxiety over the future? When was the last time you could sit quietly and listen to the hum of the world and know we are intimately connected with all other life? What do you do to find peace in your life?
Do not let this very moment elude you. Learning to find presence and balance in our lives can be attained by all who come with a sincere heart and a willingness to help themselves regardless of their situation. Finding time for silence in most of our busy, fragmented lives takes work. However, the rewards are well worth the effort. Learning techniques that help us pay attention to our breathing and concentration begin to help harmonize the mind and body, allowing us live more fully in the moment.
Our greatest practice is to care for others more than ourselves. Our communities of practitioners learn to trust in themselves and the greater community they serve, becoming beacons and spreading the Dharma light to all that are willing to embrace mindful living. Through skillful means we can be present and bare witness to those who suffer and allow them the space to awaken when the time is right. We must learn the skills to lean into our fears and to develop skillful means in dealing with the uncertain world in which we live, learning to rest in, and embrace, the ambiguity of this current existence. We do not have to live a life in retreat away from society. We must move away from the notion of immunizing ourselves from others and move towards finding community, which leads to greater peace. By introducing and reinforcing good habits that expand and create flexibility of body and mind, we begin to turn what once were walls into bridges; we become a little more equipped as change agents in our homes and social activist for peace in the greater communities we serve.
We must be awake and care for others more than ourselves. We must learn to find joy in others' happiness, to be present and lean into those areas in our lives were we may have become stuck. Through each other, regardless of our faith, we can focus on our own commonalities, finding community and peace with all sentient being.


A national student body of atheists and secularists has been formed to represent the interests of non-believers across the country.
The organisation - the National Federation of Atheist, Humanist and Secular Student Societies (AHS) - was established to counter the "prejudice and discrimination" atheists groups claim to have experienced across the country when establishing atheist groups.
Norman Ralph, president of the federation as well as Leeds Atheist Society (LAS), told politics.co.uk it would help new groups overcome the obstacles faced when he established his local organisation.
"We've been undergoing what I would call prejudicial treatment for three years - since we've been in existence," he said.
"[LAS] took a year to set up because of the blocks put on us by the Christian and Islamic groups. They said we would cause racial and religious hatred by existing, and that our goals were negative by definition and shouldn't be accepted.
"Since then we've had constant issues with trying to get events organised because they say the content might cause offence to some members of the student union. When we put banner or posters up they get defaced."
The national federation, which was launched in central London today with addresses of support from prominent atheists Professor Richard Dawkins, Professor A C Grayling and Guardian columnist Polly Toynbee.
It will aim to provide a network, resources and a joint platform for the various student atheist societies.
"I am honoured to be present at the birth of this new movement," Ms Toynbee said.
"We need to oppose zealotry and fanaticism of all sorts by promoting the positive and liberating case for believing that life on earth is precious because the here and now is all there is and that our destiny is in our own hands."
Prof Dawkins added: "Why is belief in a higher power an indication of greater moral fortitude, character and acumen? The AHS says publicly that it isn't; on the contrary, beliefs that are unsupported, bigoted or demand special privileges should always be challenged.
"No opinion should be protected from criticism simply by virtue of being religiously held."
The launch comes at a time of unparalleled activity for secular groups in Britain. A recent campaign to put atheist adverts on bendy-buses in London became so successful it was expanded across the country.
An attempt to have Advertising Standards ban the advert was rejected by the watchdog, but religious groups responded by launching their own series of adverts.
There have also been calls for Radio 4 to reconsider its Thought for the Day slot on the Today programme, which is always delivered by a religious figure.


text:
U.K. could force companies to reveal worker-CEO pay gap
by Alanna Petroff @AlannaPetroff November 29, 2016: 12:59 PM ET
CEO pay is rising around the world
The U.K. government has outlined plans to crack down on mega CEO salaries by giving shareholders and workers more control over compensation paid to top executives.
Prime Minister Theresa May is considering rules that would require companies to report CEO-to-worker pay ratios. The government is also looking at rules that would give shareholders the ability to veto executive pay packages.
The recommendations are not binding, but they are intended to spark public discussion before the legislative process begins.
The focus on executive pay comes as the pay gap between between British workers and their bosses continues to grow.
The CEOs of big British companies were paid 131 times the wage of their average employee in the most recent financial year, according a report by the High Pay Centre. That's up from a ratio of 47 times in 1998.
Meanwhile, the pay of CEOs at the top firms on the London Stock Exchange has quadrupled to an average of £4.3 million ($5.4 million) in less than 20 years. The increase far outstrips the modest growth in worker pay.
High executive pay has become a hot-button issue in the U.K. and other countries around the world.
Related: British CEOs should take a 50% pay cut
May promised in July that she would get tough on "irresponsible" big business. But her move to put a lid on executive pay is not without its critics.
"I completely agree with the government's aim, which is to get pay to be fairer and more equal. But I have significant concerns for how they're hoping to achieve this aim," said Alex Edmans, a finance professor at the London Business School.
Edmans said he was concerned that requiring companies to report their CEO-to-worker pay ratio could encourage top execs to pay their workers more, but overlook other important issues related to worker benefits and flexible working hours.
"The only thing you're incentivized to give to employees is salary and nothing else," he said.
Related: Could you live on $16,000 a year?
The British public shocked the world by voting in June to leave the European Union.
May said the referendum was proof that voters don't want an economy that works for only a privileged few.
CNNMoney (London) First published November 29, 2016: 12:59 PM ET


text:
Home » Company » About our assay
What is the basophil histamine release assay (BHRA)?
The basophil histamine release assay (BHRA) is an in vitro diagnostic test that can be used for different purposes. The assay can test for different indications within allergies and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU).
The assay setup differs slightly dependent on which indication it is beeing used for. Therefore we call it allergen-induced BHRA (a-BHRA) or serum-induced BHRA (s-BHRA) as seen in Figure 1 below.
The allergen-induced BHRA
(a-BHRA)
The allergen-induced BHRA (a-BHRA) is also called the Histamine Release Test (HR-Test). In this version of BHRA, sensitized basophils are challenged with the suspected allergen to detect functional IgE, which can be measured as histamine release from the basophils (Figure 1, left side).
a-BHRA can be performed with the patient's own basophils in a full blood sample (measuring a direct histamine release) or with donor basophils sensitized with IgE from a patient serum sample (measuring histamine release after passive sensitization). The former is more sensitive, making it the preferred option, but both versions of a-BHRA detect sensitization towards an allergen.
The serum-induced BHRA
(s-BHRA)
The serum-induced BHRA (s-BHRA) is also called the HR-Urticaria Test. In this version of the assay, donor basophils are challenged with patient serum to detect the presence of activating auto-antibodies (Figure 1, right side) characteristic of a specific sub-type of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), namely type IIb.


text:
America, history and life
Encyclopedia of American studies
Indexes and abstracts the world's scholarly literature in the history of the United States and Canada from prehistoric times to the present.
American history in video
This collection contains commercial and governmental newsreels, archival footage, public affairs footage, and important documentaries covering all aspects of American history.
American Indian Histories and Cultures
Search sources from the Edward E. Ayer Collection at the Newberry Library dating from the 1500s through the 1990s. Materials range from maps to manuscripts to newspapers and cover all of North America.
American periodicals
Digitized images of the pages of over 1,100 American magazines and journals published from 1741 through 1940.
Black thought and culture : African Americans from Colonial times to the present.
Access over 100,000 pages of non-fiction writings by major African American leaders, teachers, artists, politicians, religious leaders, athletes, war veterans, entertainers and other figures covering 250 years of history.
Provides an integrated approach to the history and culture of the United States by focusing on problems, themes, and issues that cut across disciplines. It features broad synthetic articles and bibliographies covering areas such as history, literature, art, photography, film, urban studies, ethnicity, race, gender economics, politics, wars, consumer culture, and global America. As a comprehensive reference, it offers research and study support for a wide range of disciplines.
Provides full text access to articles from newspapers, magazines, and journals of the ethnic, minority and native presses in America from 1959 to present.
Left index
Indexes the diverse literature of the left, with an emphasis on political, economic, social and culturally engaged scholarship both inside and outside of academia. (Restricted to 1 simultaneous user.)
NAACP Papers
Covering years 1909 through 1972, this collection contains internal memos, legal briefings, and direct action summaries from national, legal, and branch offices of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People throughout the country.
Readers' guide retrospective
Provides indexing to the most popular general-interest periodicals published in the United States and reflects the important events of the 20th century. Coverage includes 1890-1982.


Situated at the foot of the South Downs, this truly delightful Grade II Listed period home is believed to date back to around 1600 and has recently been subject to improvement and modernisation.
The home offers a wealth of character including exposed beams and a stunning inglenook fireplace with an original bread-oven.
Internal viewing is essential to fully appreciate the charm of this fine village home.
This delightful home enjoys spacious and well-presented accommodation and has recently been subject to significant improvement. The 17'2 Living Room has a wealth of exposed beams and features a fine inglenook fireplace which still has the original bread oven and is now fitted with a wood-burning stove. Double doors provide access to a large terrace have and a delightful outlook onto the well maintained gardens. The Dining room is of a similar size and also enjoys a great deal of character and has an open-fire. A further reception room is ideal as a study/office whilst the kitchen has been refitted with a modern range of wall & base units and an Aga. The kitchen leads to a large utility/boot room which in turn leads to a generous garage with electric up & over doors.
To the first floor there are two bedrooms including a master bedroom with an en-suite shower room and there is also a family bathroom. To the top-floor there is a third bedroom with fine views towards the South Downs and a useful attic/storage room.
The southerly facing garden is of a generous size and is approached from a sweeping driveway which provides ample off-road parking and leads to the attached garaging. Being laid mainly to lawn, there are well stocked flower/shrub beds to the margins and a patio area adjacent to the home. There is a potting shed and a working area of garden to the side of the home and there are views towards the South Downs.
Cocking is a delightful Downland village situated to the south of Midhurst and nestling at the foot of the South Downs. The village has a village shop and there are currently plans to reopen the village pub as a community asset. Midhurst to the north and Chichester to the south provide an excellent range of shopping and recreational facilities with the latter also boasting a mainline railway station providing access to London Victoria. Other nearby towns include Petersfield & Haslemere which provide further amenities and rail links to London Waterloo.


text:
Kizzmekia "Kizzy" Shanta Corbett (* 26. Januar 1986 in Hurdle Mills, North Carolina) ist eine US-amerikanische Mikrobiologin und Immunologin. Sie arbeitet am Vaccine Research Center (VRC) des National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, einer Unterorganisation des National Institutes of Health (NIAID NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland.

Leben
Sie wuchs in Hillsborough (North Carolina) in einer Familie mit vielen Stiefgeschwistern auf. Corbetts Eltern wollten, dass ihre Tochter police detective werden sollte. Als neugieriges Kind suchte sie die Antworten auf ihre vielen Fragen im Internet. Diese Recherchearbeit führte sie dazu, dass sie sich an der Orange County High School für naturwissenschaftliche Experimente interessierte. In dieser Zeit hatte sie bei einem Sommerprogramm eine Stelle als "junior researcher" an den Kenan Labs der University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill erhalten. 2004 machte sie ihren High-School-Abschluss. Danach begann sie ein Studium der Biologie und der Soziologie an der University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Hier spezialisierte sie sich auf das respiratorische Synzytial-Virus, von dem die meisten Menschen befallen werden, das aber von dem Immunsystem im Allgemeinen leicht kontrolliert werden kann, das dennoch bei Kindern und älteren Personen zu schwerwiegenden Problemen führen kann. Zwischen 2006 und 2009 konnte sie im Rahmen eines NIH Undergraduate Scholarship Program untersuchen, warum Impfstoffe nicht gegen dieses Virus wirken. 2008 erwarb sie an der University of Maryland einen B.S. in Biological Sciences. Danach wählte sie ein Studium an der University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; hier arbeitet sie an dem Laboratorium des Mikrobiologen und Immunologen Aravinda de Silva, der sich u. a. auf den Dengue-Virus spezialisiert hatte. Durch ein Off-Campus-Dissertation-Forschungsstipendium konnte sie ihre Studien an erkrankten Kindern in Sri Lanka durchführen. Die Beschäftigung mit diesem Virus war besonders herausfordernd, da die im Zuge der Erkrankung vom Menschen entwickelten Antikörper die Krankheit verstärken (Antibody dependent Enhancement). Ihre 2014 beendete Dissertation in Mikrobiologie und Immunologie hatte den Titel "Dissecting Human Antibody Responses to Dengue Virus Infection". Seitdem arbeitet sie am Vaccine Research Center (VRC) des National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, an dem sie das "VRC Coronavirus Team" leitet, das die Entwicklung neuer Impfstoffe gegen Corona-Viren vorantreibt, darunter auch die der SARS-CoV-2-Impfstoffe.

Anthony Fauci hat sie in der Liste der 100 Innovatoren der New York Times hervorgehoben und ihre Arbeit in einem Artikel als "rising star" bezeichnet sowie ihr eine zentrale Position bei der Entwicklung von mRNA-Impfstoffen der Firma Moderna zugeschrieben. Vom Time Magazine wurde sie neben Katalin Karikó, Drew Weissman und Barney Graham als Heldin des Jahres 2021 ausgezeichnet.

Publikationen
 Kizzmekia S Corbett auf Research Gate, abgerufen am 13. Mai 2021.
 Kizzmekia Corbett, Publikationen auf Scholia, abgerufen am 13. Mai 2021.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Immunologe
Mikrobiologe
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1986
Frau


text:
PATENT AWARDS
Source: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Ofir Ventura
9,564,011–Method and device for conducting a card game
Game wagers are received on a hand. At least two hands are dealt and completed according to an underlying game of baccarat or baccarat variation. A bonus wager is received. After the hands are completed, a determination is made whether an end-bonus condition is met. If not, a determination is made whether a bonus-eligible sum has been obtained in a designated hand. Bonus-eligible hand sums may include designated hand sums in a player hand, a banker hand, a player hand or banker hand, and/or a player hand and banker hand. Bonus-eligible hand sums may also be hand sums closer to a target value in a designated hand. When bonus-eligible sums have been obtained in a threshold quantity of bonus triggering games, without obtaining an end-bonus condition, an award is issued on the bonus wager.
Ronald LaDuca
9,564,016–Criss cross poker casino card game with middle bet and five card bonus bet
One step of the present method involves making an across ante and a down ante and an optional five card poker bet. Other steps involve making an across bet or folding, making a down bet or folding, and making a middle bet or folding. All winning bets are paid out against a designated payout table for that bet. A winning middle bet is paid to the higher of the two five card poker hands formed by the players two dealt cards and either the three across community cards or the three down community cards. A winning five card bonus bet is paid to a winning five card poker hand formed by the five community cards forming the cross. The method may be played on criss cross poker layouts on actual or simulated casino card tables or on electronic devices.
Attila Grauzer, Feridoon Bourbour, Troy D. Nelson, Robeert J. Rynda, Paul K. Scheper, James B. Stasson, Ronald R. Swanson
9,561,426–Card-handling devices
Apparatuses and methods for moving playing cards from a first group of cards into plural hands of cards, wherein each of the hands contains a random arrangement of cards. The apparatus may comprise a card receiver for receiving the first group of cards, a single stack of card-receiving compartments generally adjacent to the card receiver, the stack generally vertically movable, an elevator for moving the stack, a card-moving mechanism between the card receiver and the stack, and a microprocessor that controls the card-moving mechanism and the elevator so that an individual card is moved into an identified compartment. The number of compartments receiving cards and the number of cards moved to each compartment may be selected. Apparatuses for feeding cards may comprise a surface for supporting a stack of cards, a feed roller with a frictional outer surface, a drive mechanism for causing rotation of the feed roller, a pair of speed-up rollers to advance the cards out of the feed roller, and a clutch mechanism for disengaging the feed roller from the drive mechanism as the card comes into contact with the speed-up rollers.
Joel R. Jaffe
9,564,013–Wager selections for wagering games truncated by prior wage level
A gaming system includes one or more input devices, one or more display devices, one or more processors, and one or more memory devices storing instructions. When executed by the one or more processors, the instructions cause the gaming system to receive, via at least one of the input devices, an input indicative of a wager selected from at least one wager amount being a function of a previous wager associated with an immediately preceding wagering game. The instructions cause the gaming system to display a wagering game on the one or more displays, the wagering game being in an advantageous state relative to the immediately preceding wagering game. The instructions further cause the gaming system to display an outcome of the wagering game on the one or more displays, at least a portion of the outcome being enhanced by an outcome of the immediately preceding wagering game.
Joel R. Jaffe, Dion K. Aoki, Jamie W. Vann
9,564,022–Variable-speed wagering game instance initiation
A method of conducting a wagering game includes player-controlled, dynamically determined wagering rates, with each wager initiating a separate instance of the wagering game and further displays concurrently executing instances together on one or more display devices.
Patricia McMahan, Bryan Kelly, Sethuram Shivashankar
9,563,898–System and method for automated customer account creation and management
A method and system to automatically create and manage patron accounts using electronic data capture at an automated machine or kiosk, including electronically obtaining personal patron identification information from a patron identification source, such as a driver's license, determining if a patron account exists and if the identification source has expired and updating any existing patron account with the captured data. If the patron identification source is current and no account exists, a temporary account is created and a temporary patron account card supplied to the patron along with promotional offers. Patron activity is monitored at the location and used in creating a permanent patron account for providing additional offers, bonuses, and the like to the patron.
Vichael V. Dicillo, Dave Savage, Jamie W. Yann, Matthew J. Ward
9,564,007–Wagering game content based on locations of player check-in
A computer-implemented method comprises replacing, by one or more processors, original wagering game content with modified wagering game content based on a wagering game player's check-ins at one or more physical locations. The method also includes presenting, on an electronic display device, a wagering game with the modified wagering game content in place of the original wagering game content.
CONVATEC TECHNOLOGIES
Wayne Bonnefin, Sarah Wroe, Amelia Prentice
9,562,305–Yarn comprising gel-forming filaments or fibres
A yarn comprising gel forming filaments or fibers particularly one used to make a woven or knitted wound dressing or other gelling fabric structure. The invention provides a yarn comprising a blend of from 30% to 100% by weight of gel-forming fibers and 0% to 70% by weight of textile fibers. Process for making the yarns are also described including those using rotor spinning.
EVERI PAYMENTS
Timothy Richards, Raymond Dumbeck, Scott Howard Betts
9,564,023–Gaming system and gaming machines utilizing tickets having a feature trigger
A casino gaming system includes gaming machines which are configured to accept and read tickets. The ticket may comprise cash-value tickets or non-cash value/promotional tickets. The tickets may also include secondary feature triggering indicia. The player may present the cash-value ticket having a feature triggering indicia or a non-cash value/promotional ticket to a gaming machine, such as by inserting it into a media reader such as a bill acceptor. Associated monetary value or non-monetary credits may be credited to the machine. In addition, if the ticket includes a feature triggering indicia, when such an indicia is detected, the gaming machine preferably triggers or initiates the feature.
FRENSEE
Wiliam W. Jack, Benhamin J. Taylor
9,565,531–Augmented beacon and geo-fence systems and methods
Systems and methods for providing augmented beacons are described. In one implementation, an augmented beacon server receives a definition of an augmented beacon defining a geographical area of interest, where digital content is associated with the augmented beacon. Based on a determination that a target device is within the geographical area of interest of the augmented beacon, the augmented beacon server provides an unique identifier associated with the augmented beacon to the target device, where the unique identifier comprises an indication that the digital content associated with the augmented beacon can be displayed by the target device.
James A. Vasquez, Anthony J. Baerlocher, Aaron T. Jones, Mark W.a Bansemer
9,564,014–Server based gaming system having multiple progressive awards
A gaming system including a central server linked to a plurality of gaming machines. The central server includes a plurality of progressive modules. Each progressive module maintains one or more progressive awards and is associated with zero, one or more of the gaming machines in the gaming system. Upon a determination that a designated one of the progressive awards will be provided, one of the gaming machines associated with the progressive module which maintains the designated progressive award provides the designated progressive award to the player of such gaming machine.
Kevin Higgins, William C. Little, Adrian R. Marcu
9,564,000–External video mixing control
Techniques for allowing a gaming machine to exercise control over a picture-in-picture device (PIP mixer). A gaming machine includes a display device, a master game controller, the PIP mixer, and a PIP control interface. The master gaming controller is configured to execute a wager game, send a first video signal for the wager game to the PIP mixer, and send control instructions for controlling a display of one or more PIP windows to the PIP mixer via the PIP control interface. The PIP mixer receives the first video signal and a second video signal from an external source. The PIP mixer is configured to create a composite video image that includes display data of first video signal and the second video signal in PIP windows based on the control instructions. The composite video image is displayed on the display device.
9,564,004–Closed-loop system for providing additional event participation to electronic video game customers
The present invention provides a closed-loop system that allows the operator of video gaming machines or other systems to offer an event for customer participation, receive funding for participation in the event, and providing feedback regarding the results. More specifically, a video game customer may receive notification of an invitation to place a bet on an event, participate in a transaction, or otherwise receive information or interaction. The use can press buttons on the video gaming machine to indicate choices, provide funding, and placing bets on an event. The funding for such participation may be directly deducted from the customer's balance on the video gaming machine.
Timothy Allen Page, Christopher T. Lundy, William R. Wells
9,564,010–Virtual players card
A gaming machine including a secondary processor coupled to a player tracking system for tracking game play of a patron using a virtual player loyalty card is described. A virtual player loyalty card can be created by associating an existing physical player loyalty card with a newly created mobile loyalty card account. The mobile card can be virtually inserted into an electronic gaming machine when a portable electronic device with an associated mobile application is in the vicinity of an electronic gaming machine. Once the mobile card is virtually inserted into the gaming machine, the patron's game play at the gaming machine can be tracked.
KOMANI GAMING
Jason Mayeroff
9,564,017–Gaming device and method of conducting a game with a changeable bonus value feature
A bonus device and method are set forth for gaining machines. The bonus device is configured as a two dimensional display or three dimensional object, such as a sphere, box, or football shape, which can be controlled to rotate, spin or move to display a bonus. The bonus device is embedded with display technology that allows the bonus amounts, to change upon certain conditions in the base game such as an increased number of credits wagered, combinations achieved in the base game, or other random occurrences.
STONE WATERWORKS
Johnny Lee Stone, Avery Matthew Stone, Gerald Donald Richardson
9,561,975–Low energy vortex liquid treatment systems and methods
A method comprises steps for (a) providing a liquid in a container; (b) flowing a gas to a volume within the liquid, wherein the volume is at least partially submerged in the liquid; and (c) repeatedly increasing and decreasing the volume, wherein the cycles of increasing and decreasing generates a pulsed aerated flow, wherein at least one of the pulsed aerated flow is released within the container and the pulsed aerated flow is released outside the container.
Posted on: For the Record, Patents
PATENTS ISSUED MAY 21-28, 2017
PATENTS AWARDED APRIL 23-29, 2017


The interior of a fully-loaded F-450 Super Duty Limited, the biggest version of the Ford F-Series, on display at the State Fair of Texas in Dallas.
When it comes to trucks, American buyers are willing to splurge.
Consumers are spending an average of $46,844 on pickup trucks, higher than the starting price of most luxury SUVs. Some trucks are hitting the market with $80,000 price tags for features like panoramic glass roofs.
It's a pricey market that isn't showing any signs of slowing down. In 2016, pickups and SUVs accounted for 35% of all cars and trucks sold in the US.
We rounded up the most luxurious pickups on the market — scroll down for a closer look.
1. Ford's Super Duty Limited truck line starts at $80,835. Below is the $87,100 F-450 that's capable of lugging 30,000 pounds.
For that price, the F-450 Limited comes standard with high-tech features. It has adaptive cruise control, lane-keep alert, adaptive steering, and forward-collision warning.
It also comes with a back-up camera surrounded by a dark-wood dashboard. The steering wheel is wrapped in leather, and customers can customize the two-tone leather seats.
There's even a panoramic glass roof!
Ford's F-250 XL starts at $32,890, but the Super Duty Limited line shows that buyers are willing to spend luxury prices for a bespoke truck experience.
2. Ram this month unveiled 2018 updates for its two most popular models at the State Fair of Texas. The Laramie Longhorn Southfork, below, starts at $51,220.
The Laramie Longhorn Southfork edition is available on Ram 1500/2500/3500 4x2 and 4x4 crew cab, mega cab, long or short box.
The Laramie Longhorn Southfork edition comes with leather seats with a leather-wrapped steering wheel, ash-wood accents, and suede headliner. It comes with an 8.4-inch touchscreen that supports 4G WiFi, Apple CarPlay, and Android Auto.
3. Ram's Heavy Duty Lone Star Silver edition starts at $46,130. It comes with a luxury chrome grille, chrome side-view mirrors, and vinyl bucket seats.
The Ram Heavy Duty Lone Star Silver edition is available on Ram 2500/3500 4x2 and 4x4 crew cab with a choice of 5.7-liter V8, 6.4-liter HEMI V8, or 6.7-liter Cummins I6, featuring the highest available torque at 930 pound-feet.
You can also opt to install a bench seat to fit up to six passengers inside.
4. Lastly, the 2018 GMC Sierra Denali starts at $53,905. It comes available with a 4G LTE WiFi hotspot and wireless charging.
The Denali comes with semiautonomous features like lane-keep assist, cruise control, and front and rear park assist. It also comes with an 8-inch touchscreen display that supports Apple CarPlay and Android Auto, as well as a full-color instrument cluster.