We are committed to representing people and households who have actually suffered a major injury or death. As compared to various other types of motor vehicle collision cases, such as vehicle mishaps, tractor-trailer accident instances are extra complicated because there may be multiple parties liable, including the owner of the truck, the owner of the trailer, the business that loaded the trailer, and the chauffeur's employer. But each truck crash legal representative from our company is well-versed in the federal security guidelines that relate to large vehicle business, and we have successfully prosecuted situations including semi-truck crashes throughout all edges of Illinois and also the Midwest. For more information concerning your lawful civil liberties and your civil liberties to economic settlement, total our case consumption kind as well as a semi-truck mishap lawyer will provide you a no-cost testimonial of your situation.
When evaluating the factors examined in creating vehicle mishaps, the FMCSA located that 10% of the collisions entailed car issues or upkeep issues, such as damaged brakes or tires. The continuing to be 3% of collisions were associated with ecological elements consisting of severe weather.
The common expression "if you bought it, a vehicle brought it" describes exactly how essentially every item we purchase has invested at the very least a long time on a business car during the item's circulation and shipping process. The trucking market is now a trillion-dollar service in the United States and contributes greater than 10% to the nation's gross domestic product, according to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Truck operators supply more items and add even more to the nationwide economy than all other sorts of transport combined.
The sheer power and dimension of the truck market is something that individuals wounded in an accident has to recognize from the creation of their case. This power plays a duty in why your mishap took place in the first place and exactly how the case is handled throughout the insurance claims process. When you are injured in a truck mishap, you have actually gotten in a world that is managed by huge companies. Unless you hold their feet to the fire, your instance will not be reviewed rather.
There is constant stress on all parts of the truck industry to deliver items quicker as well as more cheaply. Eventually, one of the most thorough security strategies will certainly give in to the perpetual requirement for company success.
Ninety-eight of the collisions included fatalities, and also 2,021 included an extreme injury. Each vehicle injury lawyer from our firm has experience in standing for drivers, guests, and also truck drivers, and also we can attest to the life-altering injuries these mishaps often include.
From the moment a semi-truck attorney from our workplace is preserved in a trucking crash instance, the trucking mishap attorney assists the client obtain access to some of one of the most highly regarded doctors so that they could get the very best treatment possible for their injuries. Our team believe that our clients should obtain the very best treatment from doctors that will treat their injuries and also support them in court must we hire them to indicate at test.
When going after a truck mishap legal action for accidents, you must develop that the event that you are filing a claim against acted negligently which their negligence caused your injuries. "Negligence" is a fairly general and also subjective term. An instance of carelessness would be that a truck driver operated their vehicle carelessly, however just what might be considered "reckless conduct" by someone could not be judged to be so by an additional.
One more technique of figuring out negligent habits in a commercial trucking situation is to establish that there was a violation of the regulation that relates to semi-trucks. The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) is an agency that controls the legislations that relate to the trucking sector, supervising practically every facet of trucking freight.
If you have been wounded or lost a loved one in a commercial truck accident, you will likely deal with obstacles from the companies that insure the included trucking services and their legal representatives. To recuperate the optimum compensation that the legislation entitles you to get, you should have an attorney who has experience settling as well as litigating instances against vehicle firms and also other company defendants.
Right away following a collision entailing a semi-truck, the insurance policy service providers for the firms included springtime right into action to begin gathering details to assist them in safeguarding the case. Commonly, accident detectives that help responsibility insurance policy carriers are released to the scene of the occurrence to collect details such as photographs of the cars, pictures of the roadway problems, as well as statements from people that witnessed the accident. These skilled crash detectives ready at exactly what they do, putting together info to assist in protection of serious injury situations coming from an accident with their guaranteed.
Medical Costs: This includes all costs for previous and future care, such as ambulance, emergency room, medical facility treatment, surgical procedure, and physical treatment costs, assistive medical devices, and prescription drugs.
Incomes: You might recuperate your shed wages if your injuries avoid you from working following a vehicle crash. If you are not with the ability of going back to your profession as a result of constraints enforced by your injuries, you might recoup future lost earnings for the rest of your functioning life.
Discomfort and also Suffering: Though this is challenging to evaluate, you may recuperate financial compensation for pain that you sustained following a mishap in addition to the pain that you will likely endure for the remainder of your life.
If the collision resulted in a fatality, the household of the deceased might recover settlement for the loss of financial support along with the abstract loss they will experience because of the fatality. In some cases the abstract losses include the loss of culture or loss of consortium, depending upon the context.
We are positive that our office will provide you with the representation you have to recognize the amount of your situation. We welcome you to call our office today for a complimentary review of your instance with an experienced attorney.
If you have actually been injured in an Illinois trucking accident and need to seek advice from a truck accident attorney, Our objective is to help you focus on your physical recovery so that you do not have to bother with the price of your medical care and expenses. We will function to make the legal process as simple as we can, consisting of conference with you at the area of your selection if you could not take a trip to us.
Our vehicle mishap lawyers only gather a fee if we protect compensation on your behalf, so you never need to concern yourself regarding up-front charges or regular monthly lawful expenses. If you or a loved one was injured in a mishap with an industrial truck, we urge you to contact a legal representative today, as there are limiting laws of limitations for starting an insurance case and also legal action after trucking mishaps in Illinois. Your failing to act quickly can adversely impact your legal rights in the future.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Lansing IL 18 wheeler accident attorney, 18 wheeler accident lawyer Lansing IL, big truck accident attorney Lansing Illinois, big truck accident lawyer Lansing Illinois, Illinois tractor trailer accident attorney, Illinois truck accident lawyers, Serious truck accident attorneys, tractor trailer accident lawyer Lansing IL, truck accident attorney nearby, truck accident lawyer near me on April 7, 2015 by admin.


DigiPie.io is a project of financial mutual assistance that works on a multi-level blockchain-based affiliate program.
Purchasing your individual link for 0.1 ETH and attracting your friends to the project, you earn 60% from your partners' transaction (level 1) and 20% – level 2. Thus, helping your friends to start making money, you earn profit.


text:
Heintzelman Simplifies Vellum Publishing
Chuck Heintzelman.[1]2017. The Author's Guide to Vellum: Creating Beautiful Books with Vellum 2.0. Mead, WA: Kydala Publishing Inc.
In 2018, I became the proud owner of a MacBook Pro laptop to aid me in my writing and publishing. A number of computer programs focusing on creative activities like writing are available primarily in the Apple world. One of the first that I purchased was Vellum, which has a small cult following among fiction writers. On the back-cover of his book, The Author's Guide to Vellum, Chuck Heintzelman writes: "Whether you're new to Vellum or an advanced user, you'll learn something with this [How-To] book."In my case, I published my first compendium of three books (a box set) in early 2018, which makes me a user, but certainly not an advanced user—I was tickled pink to find this book and found the author's claim credible.
Author's Background
Chuck Heintzelman describes himself as a software developer and an EBook bundler, having his own company—BundleRabbit.com. Having created more than 900 EBooks and more than 80 box sets in Vellum, he is certainly an advanced user with the experience necessary to offer advice on using Vellum.
Vellum Basics
For those new to Vellum, start by downloading and installing Vellum on your Mac. Vellum is not available for Windows or Linux, which was initially a sore point in my case. It is possible to rent a mac online, but that is expensive ($1 per hour).[2]The trial version of Vellum does everything but create your EBook file, which you can do on a pay-as-you-go basis, or you can simply buy the program.
Your starting point in EBook creation is to create a Word document (*.docx file) with your book. For those who compose their books in other programs, such as Scrivener,[3] this requires a conversion to the Word format taking care to follow the guidelines to make sure Vellum properly converts the Word document into a Vellum file.
Heintzelman recommends that authors download a template from the Vellum website[4]that allows 17 Vellum styles to be applied directly to your Word file before making the conversion (16). These styles assure a clean conversion. The availability of this template and style book is a great tip that does not seem to appear in the Vellum documentation.
Why Vellum?
The Vellum selling points arise because most EBooks are fairly bland electronic books and it is not obvious how to assemble a compendium or box set of electronic books. Vellum is popular because it permits the creation of customized EBooks in multiple formats (*.mobi, *.ePub, and *.rtf) sporting features like drop-case letters, graphics, and wing-dings not available elsewhere. What I did not know until reading Heintzelman is that Vellum can also be used to publish print books.
Why Not Vellum?
Heintzelman wrote a short, but important chapter on what Vellum cannot do. Vellum cannot:
Insert a table
Internal hyperlinks
Fine tuning (128-129)
Vellum support says that since this book was published an endnotes option has been added. In general, Vellum makes publishing easy, provided that you like the default settings.
Chuck Heintzelman's The Author's Guide to Vellum is a short, helpful guide to publishing with Vellum. Because the Vellum help system is very brief, this guide fills an important niche.
[1]https://kydala.com.
[2]Heintzelman(136-139) mentioned a service called MacInCloud (www.MacInCloud.com).
[3]Scrivener is a popular writing program for authors available for download at:https://www.LiteratureAndLatte.com. Scrivener is optimized for writing and is cheaper than Word, but can create a Word (*.docx) document.
[4]https://get.180g.co/download/VellumAdvancedImportDocuments.zip.
Thompson: Paul's Ethics Forms Community
Author site: http://www.StephenWHiemstra.net
Publisher site: http://www.T2Pneuma.com
Newsletter: http://bit.ly/Simple_Faith_Out
EBoookMacScrivenerVellum
The Lord's Prayer: A Guide for the Perplexed By Gordon P. Hugenberger
RPC Sharpens Shorts; Gets Buy
Nouwen Calls Leaders

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
La piezoresistividad es la propiedad de algunos materiales conductores y semiconductores, cuya resistencia eléctrica cambia cuando se los somete a un esfuerzo o estrés mecánico (tracción o compresión) que los deforma.

Dicho cambio es debido a la variación de la distancia interatómica (en el caso de los metales) y a la variación de la concentración de portadores (en el caso de los semiconductores).

La resistencia eléctrica de los materiales piezoresistivos depende de la temperatura (especialmente en el caso de los semiconductores). En contraste con el efecto piezoeléctrico, la piezoresistividad sólo causa un cambio de resistencia y no produce potencial eléctrico.

Véase también
 Nanotubo
 Piroelectricidad

Efectos electromagnéticos

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Mess with cleaning by rebecca85
Anime » Beyblade Rated: K+, English, Drama, Tyson G./Takao K., Max T./Max M., Words: 2k+, Follows: 1, Published: 12/28/2006
Disclaimer: I know that you're all desperately trying to find a way to send me some cash for this fine piece of art I have created in the lonely hours of distraction, but really, there's no need. This is absolutely free to you all, I only ask reviews for gratitude. I own only these settings that I have shamelessly put the characters of Beyblade in, the story in which they play a part, and Shiroyama Masato, my lovely OC. But I appreciate the thought.
Summary: Max gets invited back to States. Will he go? Meanwhile Rei is ready to kill. Implied TaMa! YuBo, KaRe, HiromixOC. Sequel to Little Myy's Sapphire for your Eyes.
The Mess with cleaning
by rebecca85
The Kinomiya residence was in a mess. Which was actually quite ludicrous since the mess was due to the cleaning and organizing the house was going through. As soon as the Christmas day was officially over, the ornaments had been collected and stored, the tree found a new resting-place by the dumpster and the preparations for New Years was started.
Takao was grateful for the help he got, he really was. The house was big (dojo and the numerous guestrooms, plus everything else) and he was the only Kinomiya present at the time. It would've taken him well over New Years to get the house as efficiently cleaned as it was getting now. But could Rei be any bossier?
"Boris! Take this and dust all the bookcases," Rei commanded promptly. The man in question looked decidedly confused from his place at the sofa and then at Yuriy. The redhead only shrugged and pushed up his glasses with the fingers that had been fondling his necklace while he read, without breaking the eye-contact with his text. Boris rose from his place diligently and received the duster Rei was waving at him. The Russian looked over the offending puffy object, clearly missing the point of its function, but the neko-jin was out the door before he could voice his questions. Uncertainly he estimated the dirty shelves full of thick volumes.
It seemed he hadn't done this before.
Takao sneaked in, having seen the conversation from the hallway where he was organizing the winter ware with Max. He was bringing out the best of this stealthy-ness; he wasn't keen on explaining to Rei why he had left his post.
"Boris," the blue-haired boy said in a low voice. Even Yuriy got interested in his silent-mode and looked at him over his white-rimmed spectacles, his fingers freezing their journey on the golden chain.
"Start from the top, you're tall enough without a chair, and continue downwards. When you have finished one bookcase, wipe it clean with a damp cloth. If you don't, Rei will make you after you're done. The wiping keeps the dust settling down back so quickly," Takao explained to the bewildered man who just raised an amused eyebrow. Takao looked at him pointedly, "You do know that Rei was with us the last New Years?"
A look of realization came upon Boris' face. This was why Takao was so good at cleaning? Explains… Yuriy snorted in amusement from the couch. The Bladebraker looked calculatingly at the Russian, then back at Boris.
"You know," he started nonchalantly which Boris noted but Yuriy didn't. "You might not be tall enough, after all. Why don't you get some help for your work?" Takao suggested innocently. "Someone could sit on your shoulders and dust the top easier." With this, the boy returned to the hallway, first looking that the coast was clear.
Boris glanced at the sofa, to his boyfriend, and smirked.
"Yuriy, care to help?"
Takao snickered in turn. It was great to help people to manipulate their boyfriends.
"Hey, Maxie," he called to the blond as he reached the boy, "have you noticed that weird necklace on Yuriy?"
"Why weird?" the blond asked, sounding disinterested.
"Well it seems he can't get his hands off of it. And I think it's a ring on the chain. Why does he have a ring on his neck? Wouldn't it be better to put it on?"
"He does seem to play with it all the time… Maybe it's because it's from Boris," Max offered as an explanation, offhandedly. Takao rounded at him.
"What?! It's from Boris!" he yelled, while trying not to be too loud. They were still on ear shot of the two, if you listened carefully. The American blinked at Takao, then frowned.
"Sure. He got it for Yuriy as a Christmas present. Remember that time Yuriy was so upset with Boris and then suddenly jumped at him? He gave it to him that time…" The blond lowered his gaze. Suddenly the Japanese boy stopped and looked carefully at Max. He had noted that they weren't quite as near as they had been to the closet they were organizing before.
"Max," Takao said in a low voice, "what's wrong?"
The boy spoken to looked up at the blue-haired blader, surprised. His eyes were watery, like tears were about to break the dam and caress his cheeks. Takao was slightly taken aback and he grabbed Max gently from his shoulders.
"Max?"
He still looked unsure of what to say, but then he decidedly wiped his eyes clear and looked at Takao.
"My mom called," Max started. Takao took a surprised breath. "She asked if I could come to spend the New Years with her and dad. Because I was at Christmas here…"
The blue-haired boy was in a small state of shock. Max was going back to the States? After he had just been there three weeks prior? But Takao knew how much Max loved being with his mother. And now they would spend time with the three of them again, right? So, Max was really looking forward to seeing them, just didn't know how to tell him that he wouldn't be here for New Years, right?
"But I thought—"
"Well, that's good to hear!" Takao said encouragingly. The blond boy looked startled at him. "You're going to spend time with your folks again, right? Isn't that great! Remember to bring me a souvenir again," he winked at Max, to make him see that it was o.k. to go.
"Yeah… I'll remember that…" the young blader said and smiled, but his eyes were not laughing. Takao couldn't read Max's expression, like he normally would. Was Max still unsure of leaving the Kinomiya residence?
"Max—"
"TAKAO," Rei called at him, sounding… ahem, slightly mad. "Where. Is. Kai? You wouldn't happen to know?" The boy addressed to gulped. The Chinese boy was emitting a killing intent.
"He's probably training. I haven't seen him all morning," Takao promptly informed, afraid of the neko-jin's revenge if he wouldn't be co-operative. Rei put his hands on his hips in a huff and looked at the living room, still angry as hell. There he suddenly noticed the peculiar sight and he temporarily forgot about their captain.
"What are they…?" Rei was flabbergasted.
"Oh, they," Takao noted, and smiled. "I gave Boris the idea to get some help. It wouldn't be fair if Yuriy was the only one doing nothing, right?" Rei's mood darkened considerably.
"He isn't the only one doing nothing…" he mumbled ominously, and Takao noticed his mistake of topic too late.
Luckily, he was saved by the bell. A doorbell, to be exact.
"I'll get it," Max said quietly and rounded for the door. Behind the wooden protector and fender of chilled air, stood three guests.
"Hiromi! What are you doing here?" Takao exclaimed in surprise. "And Kyouju, even!"
"Nice to be noticed," the little boy commented dryly, while Hiromi complained of his reaction. The blue-haired boy rubbed the back of his neck and sweatdropped. Then he realized that there was one more person standing there; someone he hadn't seen before.
"Ah! Could you be…!" Takao realized, "You're that boyfriend! Hiromi's new boyfriend!"
The boy in question smiled uncertainly at him, his face questioning about Takao's sanity, which he tried to confirm from Hiromi by glancing at her. She only rolled her eyes, as if saying that yes, Takao didn't exactly have all the wires connected.
"As eloquently as Takao put it; yes, this is my boyfriend, Shiroyama Masato."
"Pleasure to meet you, I'm Shiroyama. You can all call me Masato, I get my last name heard enough at school," the boy smiled. He had short brown hair and deep brown eyes. He was almost a head taller than Hiromi and obviously lifting some weights at his free time. He was very fit and starting to show some real muscles. All this could be seen just from his posture. He was handsome, in some rascal-but-smart-of-it –kind of way.
"Takao, we start dripping icicles from our noses if you don't shut that door soon," Rei commented quite harshly. He was obviously trying to be polite despite of his bad mood, and failing miserably. "Invite them in or kick them out, we have cleaning to do." Then the Chinese boy stomped back to the kitchen, thin on cursing.
Again, Masato raised an inquiring eyebrow, and Takao sighed. He ushered them quickly inside and they proceeded to the living room. There, they found another surprise.
Boris and Yuriy.
They had obviously finished their cleaning. Or they were taking a break.
"Guys, we have guests," Takao kindly broke in to them. The two Russians ended their 'break' and sat slightly apart. To avoid temptation, Takao was sure.
"Oh, don't mind me," Masato said offhandedly to the two. "I'm Shiroyama Masato, Hiromi's boyfriend. Now that you know, you can continue. Right?" he asked from Hiromi. The girl blinked at him uncertainly.
"You don't mind?" she asked timidly. "You really don't mind them?"
"My room-mate's gay," Masato explained as they all sat down. Yuriy and Boris seemed too interested of his new, open-minded guy to go back to their previous activity, but the red Russian had shifted himself to sit on Boris.
"And when I say gay, I mean gay," he emphasized. "I don't think there can be a guy gayer that he is, so compared – you guys seem really normal," Masato said to the couple. "And thanks to him my ignoring skills are honed to perfection. You really don't want to know what kind of things I've walked into."
Takao, Max and Kyouju shivered at this, Hiromi looked worried and the couple was snickering at his story.
"Actually, another friend of mine turned out to be gay," he suddenly mused. "But I think he was more surprised to be labelled as 'gay' as that he was dating a guy. And I think that's how it should be. At these times, you can't be too picky. When you find the one, it's the one. End of discussion."
They all sat in a sober silence. Masato had hit the nail on the head on this one, as they all thought how correct he sounded. But the topic was still a little uncomfortable – too serious, or something the like.
"You really went all out and decided to take the best, huh?" Yuriy asked lightly but stared right to Masato. Hiromi broke into a sweet smile and the straight couple took a hold of each others hands.
"Yeah… I picked good, didn't I?" Hiromi and Masato locked gazes and a loving look came upon their faces. Masato bend slightly down and gave the girl a longing kiss.
"Ewww!" Yuriy commented immediately, making the couple part. "You might have developed an ignoring skill for kissing, but I haven't. Get a room!" They all broke in to a good natured laugh and the redhead snuggled himself better in Boris' arms, in which Boris answered by tightening his hold around Yuriy.
Hiromi gave Takao the New Years gifts and the bento-box that her mother had made for the young Kinomiya. Mrs Tachibana had been worried for the Bladebreaker's sake, since he was spending the whole holiday all alone. Well, he wasn't exactly alone, as Hiromi commented at the way out. She tried to ask the exact course of action that had ended up them with Yuriy and Boris here for all the holiday, but Takao didn't have the opportunity to explain. And frankly, he really didn't want to. It was just so confusing. Kyouju had come to bring some gifts as well for the New Years, and left pretty quickly, with Hiromi and Masato. The short nerd had his parents waiting at home and his very own cleaning was yet to be done.
So their guests departed fairly soon, and the quartet stayed in the hall-way, standing around.
"So, what's next?"
"Boris and Yuriy will continue with the dusting," Rei's voice said from the hall-way – neko-jins are scary when they hit full stealth-mode –, "because I believe you aren't ready yet with that." Even Yuriy seemed a little intimidated by this silently fuming Chinese boy, and the two Russians hurried themselves to their job, this time sure to make it quick. Takao and Max were left to fend for themselves against a pissed off Rei.
"The bedclothes need to be aired. Go strip the beds from the sheets, take them to the laundry and the bedclothes you hang outside," was the prompt command. Takao didn't even dare to mock-salute; he just nodded and headed upstairs with Max.
Takao was about to ask Max of their course of action, but the American headed for the closest room and went it. Takao's shoulders slumped slightly, but he drew himself back together. He couldn't be depressed! Max was going to the States to be with his family, like it should be in New Years! (The thought that he was the only Kinomiya of the house still left in Japan, never crossed his mind.)
"Okay! I've got work to do! Work!" he prepped himself quietly. He too headed for a room and tried for the time being forget how lonely he would be again without the blond boy around.
They collected the bedclothes from their respective beds and dumped them outside of their rooms. Then they stripped the sheets on one pile at the hall-way and the to-be-aired –ones to another. Takao suspected that he now knew what being a hotel maid felt like.
When the last of the rooms had been ransacked of their comforters and pillows, Max mumbled a quick 'I'll take these' and vanished downstairs with the sheets before Takao could even properly turn around. The blue-haired blader sighed heavily and ran a hand through said hair. He was trying to act like it was no big deal for Max to leave, but he guessed the American felt still sorry for leaving in such a short notice. He would have to leave in the next few days to get to his family before the actual day of celebration. Maybe even tomorrow morning already.
Silence seemed to have fallen as they worked together. Takao had tried to start up a conversation, but Max's obvious desire to keep quiet was hard to ignore. And it was making Takao sad. He hadn't been this sad since… well, he didn't want to reminisce that – but the point was that he was very sad. It was weird to have a silent Max beside you when normally they couldn't stop talking. Kai might've been the only one ever to shut them up. At the same time.
They were almost done with the workload and were just straightening the new sheets at Hiro's bed when Takao's hand slowed down. He clenched his hands to fists and then even crossed his arms, trying to keep it in. But it was tearing at him so…
Max finally noticed Takao's odd behaviour and looked at the boy. His fringe was covering his eyes so Max couldn't read Takao at all. He was usually so easy to read; now his jaw was set and his lips were stretched to a tight line. His body-language was telling everyone to back off, which Max had ever only seen Kai do. Even the Demolition Boys had had an aura of danger; never 'keep-out' like their captain… and now Takao. Max was suddenly very worried.
"Takao..?"
"Don't go."
Max was slightly taken aback at this answer. "Eh..?"
"I shouldn't be selfish, but I don't want you to go," Takao said quickly. "I know how much you want to be with your mom, and dad, and I shouldn't say this to make you feel bad about leaving, but… It's just not fun if the Max I know isn't here. I'm going to be lonely without you."
First the blond American looked surprised at this tirade but slowly a sweet smile formed on his lips and his eyes shone. That was the straightforward Takao that he knew.
"Yeah… Me too."
Takao looked surprised at Max. Then they grinned at each others at the same time.
"We're really stupid, huh?" Takao asked.
"Really stupid," Max confirmed.
This time it was a lot easier to ask Rei for more instructions. Because they did it together.


text:
American Authors "What We Live For" | "I'm Born to Run" (Video Premiere)
"What We Live For" is the long awaited second studio album by American indie rock band American Authors. It was released on July 1st via Island Records.
It comes preceded by the smash single "Go Big or Go Home", released back in May. The second single "Pride" was released in December.
Along the pre-order of the album on iTunes, the band unveiled the title's and opening track "What We Live For" on April 1st. The music video directed by Rosco Guerrero was premiered through Vevo on June 22nd.
"I'm Born to Run" was released as instant grat on April 8th, while a proper music video to support it was finally premiered through Vevo on March 1st, 2017.
"Right Here Right Now" was released as next countdown single along the pre-order on May 27th.
Miley Cyrus "Adore You" (Cedric Gervais Remix) [Official Single Cover]
Sharon Doorson "Killer" (iTunes+)


Here's something a bit different. I found this article on the exemplary Erowid website when I was writing my recent blogpost Altered States of Consciousness and the Faeries. It's an assessment of 'entity contact experiences' taken from people who have tweaked their consciousness with a variety of psychedelic substances, most especially N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, or DMT. It includes an analysis of encounters culled from the Erowid 'Experience Vaults', which demonstrates that many of the entities invoked by these psychonauts match closely the faeries of folklore. It's a long and detailed piece, but helps, I think, in an understanding of the components of what these metaphysical creatures are, and where they might reside.
It's written by all-round good bloke Jon Hanna, best known as the producer of Mind States – a conference series that explores various methods for altering consciousness. He has spoken internationally on the topic of visionary art and entheogens, showcasing collections of psychedelic art and hallucinatory animation at events in Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, Germany, Jamaica, Mexico, Portugal, and Switzerland.
Author of the Psychedelic Resource List, Jon is considered somewhat of a 'psychedelic consumer advocate', highlighting reputable vendors as well as exposing companies, events, and individuals that have less than scrupulous records. He has written articles, columns, and reviews for Entheogene Blätter, The Entheogen Review, Erowid, Heads, High Times, the MAPS Bulletin, Morbid Curiosity, The Resonance Project, and Skunk.
When writing about spiritual matters, it is important to be upfront about one's biases from the start. I was raised without religion. My father was an atheist; my mother is agnostic. I can count on one hand the number of times that I went to church as a child. In my teens and early twenties, I became fascinated with studying world religions, looking for clues that might help me better understand my psychedelic experiences. Although I never adopted any specific religion, I resonate most with ideas from Hinduism. There was a time in my life when I probably believed in God, in the idea that humans have souls, and in the concept of karma. These days, I'm a die-hard agnostic and devil's advocate.
In this chapter, I'll largely avoid proposing personal theories regarding the origin or meaning of entity contact experiences. I have no idea what the truth of the matter is in these situations. Such experiences are powerful enough that they've influenced paradigm shifts in some people who have had them. Speculation and debate about entity encounters have occurred over the years, and I've compiled a few interesting articles on the topic in the chapters that follow. Inclusion herein should not be interpreted to imply that I am promoting any particular ideas; I am not.
Throughout history, humanity has described contact with "others": angels, demons, spirits, elves, aliens, etc. A girl raised on tales of the Brothers Grimm may believe in faeries; a boy brought up on Edgar Allen Poe stories may believe in ghosts. Children of Hindu households may worship a pantheon of deities, while Muslim kids may bow to a single God. Staid atheists may be "born again" into Christianity. And so on. Individuals' ideas regarding the truth or "reality" of the existence of non-material beings, including gods or God, may change multiple times over the courses of their lives. Such beliefs can fade, disappear entirely, or be replaced by beliefs in the existence of other non-material beings.
Psychedelic plants have been employed for thousands of years as spiritual tools, due to the perception that they can provide an experience of non-material realms–be they heavenly, hellish, or anything in between. Traditional ethnographic use of these plants for such purposes inspired the coining of "entheogen", a word that means to "generate God within". It is not uncommon to hear stories of agnostics or atheists "finding God" during their psychedelic trips and subsequently changing their views on the reality of spiritual realms and beings. Direct experience can be mighty persuasive. Even if that experience takes place solely within a mental landscape. Even if one were on drugs at the time. Under the influence of psychoactive plants or drugs, users have reported experiences of watching, receiving messages from, communicating with, and/or interacting with "non-human intelligent beings", hereafter described as "discarnate entities".
For some, the word "discarnate" may solely evoke ghostly specters of indistinct form. Here, the word is used to describe perceived beings that do not have a physical body within consensus reality, yet often do have a form that gives an appearance of physicality. Those who perceive them may be able to describe what they look like and/or sound like, sometimes what they feel like, and on rare occasions even how they smell and/or taste. However, a video camera wouldn't be able to record images or audio of them. "Entities" conveys that for those who perceive them, they seem to be independent beings.
"Discarnate entities" should be considered to encompass angels and aliens, demons and dragons, faeries and felines, elves and insectoids, ghosts and goblins, harlequins and humanoids, plant teachers and other creatures–even morphing machine minds and fractalline Fabergé footballs, as long as they're non-physical and seem sentient.
Even after the drug had worn off, some weeks later Sartre complained of being "on the edge of a chronic hallucinatory psychosis" and said that he was "being followed by lobsters and crabs" and "assorted other monsters".
"Through these landscapes and among these living architectures wander strange figures, sometimes of human beings (or even of what seem to be superhuman beings), sometimes of animals or fabulous monsters. Giving a straightforward prose description of what he used to see in his spontaneous visions, William Blake reports that he frequently saw beings, to whom he gave the name of Cherubim. These beings were a hundred and twenty feet high and were engaged (this is characteristic of the personages seen in vision) in doing nothing that could be thought of as being symbolic or dramatic. In this respect the inhabitants of the mind's Antipodes differ from the figures inhabiting Jung's archetypal world; for they have nothing to do either with the personal history of the visionary, or even with the age-old problems of the human race. Quite literally, they are the inhabitants of "the Other World".
Jansen: Many persons do not encounter Beings when they take ketamine, or coincidence control officers. How do you explain this in terms of your theories?
Lilly: You don't have to have any concept of Beings. When you take the drug you enter into their consciousness. You don't have to see them or know them as Beings. They engage your mind. Before matter, energy, there was consciousness without an object. Out of that came Beings.
How often do psychonauts see or interact with entities? Within the framework of documenting the kind and frequency of "religious" images that occurred among their 206 subjects, Masters and Houston reported that 58% saw figures such as Christ, the Buddha, saints, godly figures, and William Blake-type figures, while 49% saw devils and demons, and 7% saw angels.
Moving even further into unpleasant entity contact realms, there was my one (and only) trip on 3 mg of DOB (2,5- dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine). I was attending Burning Man, where my wife and I had pitched our tent near a camp called Disturbia. In retrospect, the camp's name should have been a sign that this might not be the right place to first try a potent phenethylamine that can last up to 24 hours. The Disturbia folks had kindly set up a loudly amplified theremin for public use. The theremin is an electronic musical instrument that is played by bringing one's hands into varying proximity to its metal antennas without actually touching them. Manipulated by a novice (and, well, everyone on the playa appeared to be new to the instrument), it sounds like a beehive in a slinky. It was approximately right after the DOB had fully kicked in that I became aware of the theremin, when someone started "playing" it, thereby attracting more folks who wanted to "play" it–for hours on end. It was bumming me out. At one point, when my wife could tell that I was not doing so well, she tried to comfort me by saying, "I'm here, honey. Just focus on me, and you'll be okay." As I looked into the eyes of the person I love most in the world, I watched cockroaches crawl out from under her eyelids and swarm over her face. Buoyed by the buzzing theremin, the "bug" theme continued. I was confronted by several human-sized chitinous Gigeresque entities that spent the rest of the evening probing me and performing invasive "physical" experiments on my immobile, unhappy body. It was pretty much the classic alien abduction scenario, sans space ship. After a long night, there was at least a beautiful (and quiet!) sunrise the next morning.
For some who've seen DMT elves, the beings looked similar to traditional faerieland creatures. But many users describe them differently. Indeed, the diversity of "beings" encountered in DMT space leads one to think that everyone can't really be describing the same "creatures", and that the space must be populated with a multitude of discarnate entities: typical sci-fi extraterrestrials, humanoids, jellyfish, insectoids, clowns/Pierrots, reptilians, robots, octopods, and other sorts of beings have been mentioned. Author D.M. Turner had apparently catalogued at least nine distinct types of entities that he'd encountered. In discussing these with a fellow DMT psychonaut, Turner found that his friend had experienced four of the exact same entities, plus two others that Turner had never seen. With rigorous review, one might create a Bestiarum Vocabulum, charting which entities appear, and with what frequency, in response to the consumption of various psychedelics.
"Trying to describe them isn't easy. On one level I call them self-transforming machine elves; half machine, half elf. They are also like self-dribbling jeweled basketballs, about half that volume, and they move very quickly and change. And they are, somehow, awaiting. When you burst into this space, there's a cheer! Pink Floyd has a song, "The Gnomes Have Learned a New Way to Say Hooray." Then they come forward and tell you, "Do not give way to amazement. Do not abandon yourself." You're amazingly astonished. The most conservative explanation for these elves, since these things are speaking English and are intelligent, is that they're some kind of human beings. They're obviously not like you and me, so they're either the prenatal or postmortal phase of human existence, or maybe both […].
Rogan: Describing it in words always feels so fake. It's like, there's no words that have been invented that are going to describe that experience, you know?
Pinchbeck: You didn't like "hyper-transforming machine elves"?
Pinchbeck: It wasn't like that to me, either.
Rogan: But it didn't seem to me to be like hyper… what did he call them, uhm… self-transforming machine elves. […] They didn't seem like elves to me. It seemed like… what I always describe them as is these complex geometric patterns that are made out of love. That's how I describe them, you know. And that means nothing. Those are just a bunch of words. You know what I mean? It's just like, I try to say it in a way that's interesting and funny. But you know, [in] reality, what is it? There's just some incredible patterns that you can't even really look at. It's like they're too beautiful to take in, and they're changing all the time.
I've known numerous people who have never experienced any sort of contact with discarnate entities from smoking DMT. While I don't know how familiar these people were with McKenna's descriptions of the experience, by the late 1980s, I had certainly come across mentions of "DMT entities". It is indeed hard to imagine that many of the "required-to-have-been-experienced-with-psychedelics" subjects volunteering to take DMT in Strassman's studies wouldn't have already been aware of the "elf phenomenon" that had been–as Strassman characterized it–"so widely promulgated" by that time. And these days, with ubiquitous Internet access, it seems increasingly unlikely that a DMT user would never have heard sound bites of McKenna on the topic. The belief that McKenna's ideas have either directly or indirectly affected the kinds of visions that people have, in any case, seems fairly common.
Psychedelic researchers Bernard Aaronson and Humphry Osmond have stated that these drugs "make available exotic and forbidden landscapes. In these landscapes, the images of nightmare from which we have fled since childhood, move and take shape." If true, this could go some way toward explaining the current preponderance of visions featuring extraterrestrial beings and advanced technology. Since the 1980s, the scare stories from fairylands have been solidly supplemented with alien abductions and tales of Transformers. Science fiction is widely accepted as a more plausible genre than fantasy. Contemporary society's fears have been captured in movies such as the Alien series (1979-2012), They Live (1988), The Lawnmower Man (1992), eXistenZ (1999), The Matrix series (1999-2003), and TV shows such as Doctor Who (1963-2013) and The X-Files (1993-2002).
Several times, Strassman mentions a "nursery/playroom theme" brought up by his research subjects, and spring-loaded wind-up toys such as the perennially popular Jack-in-the-box may contribute to the common childhood fear of clowns. Fear of arthropods (arachnids, crustaceans, and insects) is widespread, and understandable on a variety of levels. From the warm-blooded perspective of fuzzy mammals, arthropods seem hard, cold, unfeeling, parasitic, robotic, and alien. A universal symbol for death is the human skull–all that's left when the tissue reflecting each of our unique lives has been stripped away. With their fleshless exoskeletons, arthropods inherently carry an intimation of death so fear-inducing to some humans that their gut reaction on seeing a spider, an ant, or some other small arthropod, is to smash and kill it. Beyond their symbolic "otherness", we have a long history of fighting them off of the crops we've cultivated for food, clothing, and shelter. Our species' battle against arthropods is so prevalent that we've come to refer to any small, potentially damaging microorganism (such as a virus or bacteria) as a "bug"–our common name for tiny arthropods. Cold-blooded reptilians and cephalopods are also very "other" to us, so the appearance of discarnate entities resembling such life forms wouldn't be surprising as additional "forms fear takes".
Yet fears aren't the only visionary inspiration to shockingly explode in our mind fields; mental geography is a complex, fractal, holographic space where unconscious "memory" continually serves up amazing realities on the fly. We commonly believe that we see the world as it exists, but–in reality–many of our perceptions of "the world out there" are just approximations filled in from our mind's unconscious memory. The "double take", a shift in perception based on the flip from a "fill in" to a more accurate perception of external reality (or vice versa), can happen with any of our five senses.
By definition, discarnate entities have no physical bodies. Could this mean that they are only able to exist within minds? Is it possible for several discrete intelligences to inhabit a single brain? Can mind(s) exist without matter? Does curiosity collapse probability into actuality, materializing the meat of the matter, seeding a substrate, creating consciousness, promulgating the paradoxical process, forever and ever, amen? Bootstrapping at its best? Chicken and egg? I have no answers to such questions. Yet my agnosticism doesn't negatively impact my wonder, amazement, and fascination with the experience of discarnate entities–whether they are only mental or whether they have some external, other-dimensional, or spiritual basis.
Early in the DMT dialogue, Meyer proposed that DMT may provide access to a post-death realm. Of the 340 reports that he's collected, he has marked 226 of them (66.5%) with an "entities" tag, due to their mentions of "experience of one or more apparently independently-existing beings which interact in an apparently intelligent and intentional way with the observer." Meyer suggests that folks should read ten reports each day, think about them, and at the end of 34 days reflect on what his collection of first-person accounts implies about the nature of reality. This excellent exercise may result in raised eyebrows from at least a few skeptics.
Yourself, his ET… The elf is yours!
viewpoint, others find such a perspective illogical and frustrating. Consider Martin Ball's screed, 'Terence on DMT: An Entheological Analysis of McKenna's Experiences in the Tryptamine Mirror of the Self', published by Reality Sandwich. Ball's rant against McKenna–as a flawed individual and as the promoter of flawed ideas–is largely a conglomeration of insults, straw-man arguments, and ironic egotism. (Ball's dogmatic refrain focuses on projections of McKenna's ego, painfully oblivious to those of his own.) Despite dismal dialectic, Ball brings up a couple of points worth thinking about. The first is that "all contents of entheogenic experiences are projections of the self" (Ball's remark might win over more supporters if it were expressed as "all contents of entheogenic experiences could be projections of the self". I'll refer Ball to the Bill Maher quote above, "Doubt is humble."). The second point worth contemplating, brought up by Ball only in passing, is his total dismissal of the concept of a "soul". In a world where some entheogen evangelists would like nothing better than to set their iPhone alarms for the final 8:12 p.m. sunset and fly off through DMT-induced double rainbows on their winged unicorns, Ball's monism is, at least, a refreshing alternative perspective.
Setting aside speculations regarding "what they are or where they come from", a more accessible question may be: How often are entity contact experiences the result of any particular psychedelic?
Clearly, Strassman's statement that this phenomenon only occurs with DMT is not accurate. In addition to the few examples provided above, contemporary trip reports published in print, and in numerous places online, bear testament to the fact that this is not solely a phenomenon that occurs with DMT consumption. But is DMT more likely to generate such experiences than other psychedelics?
Strassman stated that at least 30 out of his 60 subjects reported having such experiences. Meyer says that 266 of the 340 DMT trip reports he collected mention some manner of discarnate entities. Together, these two sources suggest that perhaps 50-66.5% of those who consume DMT may experience discarnate entity contact. This falls roughly in line with the 49-58% that Masters and Houston reported8 as having had visions of devils, demons, Christ, the Buddha, saints, godly figures, and William Blake-type figures. However, the Masters and Houston percentage range can't be compared directly to Strassman's or Meyer's percentages for two reasons. First, with a narrower focus on specifically religious entities, the Masters and Houston figure may be slightly lower than it would have been if they had also included other categories of beings. Second, Masters and Houston lump all 206 users of psychedelics together in one group, with no distinction made based on what specific chemical each of them consumed. Presumably at least some of their subjects had their entity experiences as a result of DMT consumption. (Indeed, in one such report included in their book, the DMT user describes encountering "the face of God" as that "of a very wise monkey!"8) Without access to more details from Masters and Houston's data, it is not possible to know how many of their 206 respondents experienced entities while under the effects of DMT and how many of them experienced entities after taking other psychedelics.
To preserve anonymity, questions about gender and age were not included on this survey. Respondents expressed a variety of spiritual beliefs, including atheism. Responses to a question about approximately how many times they had experienced entity contact ranged from 2 to more than 100. Year of first contact experience ranged 46 years, from 1961 to 2007. Four people's first contact resulted from DMT, one from LSD, one from psilocybin-containing mushrooms, another from mushrooms in combination with Peganum harmala, and the final person's occurred at age four closely following a head trauma.
When asked to name any substances that had resulted in entity contact experiences, the following drugs were mentioned (number of mentions indicated in brackets): DMT , ayahuasca , psilocybin-containing mushrooms , mescaline , and Salvia divinorum ; 5-MeO-DMT, Brugmansia, Cannabis, ketamine, LSD, nitrous oxide, psilocybin-containing mushrooms with Peganum harmala, S. divinorum, and P. harmala were all mentioned a single time.
It is inarguably true that different people will have differing standards for what constitutes contact with discarnate entities. Among the responses to this tiny survey, DMT and ayahuasca were most often associated with entity contact experiences, followed closely by psilocybin-containing mushrooms, with mescaline and Salvia divinorum trailing.
In the Erowid Experience Vaults, entity contact is associated with nearly a hundred different substances, although over half of those substances have only one or two entity-related reports.
The total number of reports for any given substance may, to an extent, represent that substance's popularity (and availability). However, it is reasonable to presume that people are more likely to be inspired to write experience reports following a powerful experience than they are following a mundane one. For example, there are a large number of daily tobacco smokers, but only a small number of tobacco reports on Erowid. No one would suggest that LSD is consumed by ten times the number of people who use tobacco, despite the fact that the Experience Vaults contain ten times more LSD reports than tobacco reports. At the time this chapter was written, the five drugs with the largest number of experience reports written about them were psilocybin-containing mushrooms, Cannabis, Salvia divinorum, MDMA, and LSD.
As of mid-October 2012, there were 22,640 published experience reports on Erowid. Of these, 1,159 were categorized by Erowid as mentioning Entities/Beings (representing about 5% of all reports).
Correlating the use of any individual psychoactive drug to entity experiences within the Vaults immediately runs into a challenge: psychonauts often consume more than one drug at a time. Common "add on" drugs–such as Cannabis, alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine–may not be terribly contributive to many entity experiences. But what about an entity experience that occurred while under the influence of psilocybin-containing mushrooms, methoxetamine, and 4-hydroxy-N,N-ethyl-methyltryptamine? Or one induced by nitrous oxide, Salvia divinorum, and 5-MeO-DMT? Or MDMA, dextromethorphan, GHB, cocaine, and mushrooms (plus, of course, Cannabis and alcohol)?
When examining experience reports for mentions of entity contact, those categorized as involving more than a single substance were excluded. Because of their similar chemistry, reports for Brugmansia and Datura species were combined. The number of single-substance reports for each of the ten substances that were analyzed ranged from approximately 150 to approximately 1,300. These substances, sorted by the number of reports mentioning entities [noted in brackets], are: Salvia divinorum , DMT , Brugmansia/Datura , psilocybin-containing mushrooms , ayahuasca , LSD , mescaline-containing cacti , diphenhydramine , ketamine , and dimenhydrinate .
Dividing the number of entity contact reports for a given substance by the total number of reports for that substance provides a rough estimate of the frequency of entity contact by substance: DMT [38%], ayahuasca [36%], Brugmansia/Datura [29%], Salvia divinorum [25%], mescaline-containing cacti [10%], diphenhydramine [9%], ketamine [9%], dimenhydrinate [7%], psilocybin-containing mushrooms [5%], and LSD [3%].
There are limitations to any interpretation of this data. People may be more inclined to write about their DMT experiences, because the effects are both powerful and short. After a grueling voyage on DOB, for example, one may be less inspired to sit down and write a novel about what one went through. Also, entity contact may play a smaller part in a longer psychedelic trip, and it could be that–for the psychonaut–other aspects from their experience seemed more important to record. There are also certainly publication biases; reports with particular keywords or for particular substances may be published sooner than others, or Erowid reviewers may be more likely to focus on topics that they personally find interesting.
Erowid.org. All three surveys asked for gender and age. After removing invalid responses, there was a variation of 3% or less between surveys: 84% of respondents were male and 15% were female, with 1% transgender. The age ranges were: 18-22 [47%], 23-29 [23%], 15-17 [14%], 30-39 [9%], and 40-79 [7%]. As gender and age were fairly consistent from survey to survey, one might envision the average respondent as a male 18-29 years old, who has computer access and an interest in psychoactive drugs. Right off the bat, this provides an identifiable bias regarding the data generated: Respondents are from a specific niche that does not represent the general population, though the demographics are consistent with the demographics seen in several previous surveys on Erowid.org.
The idea with Survey #1 was to see how often entity contact is reported for a few well-known psychoactive drugs. The first question was, "Have you ever (sober, high, or in any state) experienced contact with a non-human, intelligent, discarnate entity (angel, faerie, alien, spirit)?" This allowed respondents to indicate how often any such contact might have occurred. The second question offered the choice of eight specific drugs that the respondent might have been on when the entity contact happened; respondents could also select "other drug", "multiple substances", "multiple occasions with different substances", "no drug/sober", "don't know/not sure", or "prefer not to answer". A final question asked about the respondent's religious inclination.
Among 4,910 valid responses, nearly 37% reported having had contact with discarnate entities, while slightly over 8% said that they didn't know or weren't sure whether they had experiences that would qualify. Atheists and agnostics were more likely to report "never" having had an entity contact, whereas the highest percentage of entity contact was reported among people who gave their religious inclination as "other mystical/spiritual".
Of those who reported having had an entity encounter (either sober or after having taken a drug), and given the option of eight drugs to select from as the drug they may have been on when entity contact occurred, respondents reported: DMT [11.7%], psilocybin-containing mushrooms [9.8%], LSD [9.0%], Salvia divinorum [7.4%], Cannabis [5.7%], ayahuasca [1.5%], ketamine [1.1%], mescaline [0.6%], other drug [9.5%]. Additionally, 15.4% reported they were sober during the experience, 20% said that their experiences happened on multiple occasions with different substances, and 8.4% reported an experience while on multiple substances.
One immediate challenge to this survey is that the results don't take into consideration how common use of any given substance is among the group being surveyed. Ayahuasca, for example, is widely reported to occasion entity contact. A recent study of 131 North American ayahuasca users, who had a combined total of over 2,267 sessions, found that 74% believed that they had a personal relationship with "the spirit of ayahuasca", which was "most often described as a wise teacher, grandmother or healer from a higher spiritual dimension and intelligence"; some ayahuasca users also reported a "belief in the sentience in plants and in spirit entities from other realities."30 Yet because of its relative rarity, only 1.5% of those reporting an entity contact experience in Survey #1 mentioned ayahuasca as an inspiration for that contact. At the same time, the propensity for Cannabis to induce contact with discarnate entities is undoubtedly fairly low, while it certainly has to be the single most-used drug of those that the survey mentioned. Therefore, the 5.7% figure for Cannabis is at least partially the result of a vastly larger number of users and drug exposures than for ayahuasca.
Survey #2 sought more information about which of the above-mentioned drugs are more popular among Erowid users. Of 11,464 valid responses, 96% had used Cannabis, 70% mushrooms, 60% LSD, 28% DMT, 26% ketamine, 17% mescaline, and 6% had used ayahuasca. This survey also asked the approximate numbers of use instances for each of these substances. For example, Cannabis users, who represented around 96% of respondents, were most likely to report (48.6%) that they had used it "1,000 or more" times; whereas only 6% of respondents reported having ever tried ayahuasca and, of those, half said that they had used it a single time, and about a third "2-5 times". With DMT, there were 1,067 people [9.3%] who said that they had used it "once", 1,203 people [10.5%] who said they had used it "2-5 times", and 370 people [3.2%] who said they had used it "6-10 times". That's a total of 4,767 DMT trips split between 2,640 people–not even two trips per person on average. Just a handful of people could easily match that number in pot highs.
As noted earlier, 15.4% of respondents were not high at the time of their entity contact experience–a larger percentage than reported for any individual drug. To get a better sense of the sorts of sober situations that result in contact with discarnate entities, Survey #3 entirely avoided mentioning psychoactive drugs. It included an open comments field, to solicit users' own descriptions of their contacts with discarnate entities.
The question was posed: "Have you ever experienced contact with a non-human, intelligent, discarnate entity (angel, faerie, alien, spirit)?" Among the 5,717 valid responses, 26.9% said they had experienced at least one entity contact, while another 11.7% said that they didn't know or weren't sure whether they had experiences that would qualify. Compared to Survey #1, this is a 10% lower reporting of entity encounters along with a 4% rise in uncertainty. The bracketed number following categories of entity or activity below shows how many people mentioned it, based on manual evaluation of the open field comments.
Many people mentioned seeing a figure standing somewhere near the bed. Such sleep-related accounts sometimes described ghosts, aliens, demons, and angels, though faerie folk were rarely mentioned.
Though less common, people also mentioned reptiles/reptilians  and orbs/balls of light , with even fewer describing insects/insectoids , cephalopods , and shadow people . The remaining categorizable discarnate entities were: tree or plant spirits , fractal beings , clowns, jesters, harlequins , felines/cats , Satan/Lucifer , Jesus , white light experiences , Buddha , dragons , Gaia , ancestor spirits , entities wearing all-in-one wet- or motorcycle suits , faceless beings , and machine elves . Many of the entities described did not easily fit into any categories.
While in numerous cases the experiences were described as having happened while the respondent was sober, descriptions specific to certain drugs were more common: With various ayahuasca preparations, entities seem to be either (1) doorway guardians who decide whether one is ready to proceed further, (2) random benign or mischievous entities who happen to drop in to have a look and seem curious about one's presence in the "space" beyond the doorway, (3) teacher or guiding entities within the ayahuasca space. Ayahuasca entities can be anything from harlequin clown-scary, to laughing goblins attempting to relax [the observer], to angelic ethereal beings, to snakes/spiders who just seem to be there in the background, to alien and indescribably complex insect-like forms. Using chewed Salvia divinorum leaves, the entities can seem to be from childhood; there's a sense of "having always known them", and they can be elf-like or take on bizarre qualities for which there are no words/concepts. With psilocybin, there are occasional entities with elf-like essences but a futuristic metallic-like form who tend to be of a guide or teacher type. While there are many forms, it is the subjective feeling of their existence outside of just being a creation of the mind, which is the common feature of all entity encounters.
Drugs mentioned in the comments field of Survey #3, without prompting, included DMT , LSD , Salvia divinorum , psilocybin-containing mushrooms , dextromethorphan , ayahuasca , ketamine , Cannabis , methoxetamine , and mescaline/cacti .
While we might get a general sense of the sort of drugs that are likely to produce such effects by counting which drugs are named most often, as discussed above, such an approach doesn't control for the fact that some drugs may simply be more popular, more frequently consumed, or more available than others.
Survey #3 also asked the question, "Do you know who Terence McKenna is?" While the notion that McKenna's ideas have influenced the type or interpretation of visions that other people have probably has some truth to it, almost half of the respondents to the survey would have been 6-10 years old at the time of McKenna's death in 2000. The audio samples of his lectures in popular electronic music and his strong influence on contemporary authors make it difficult to assess how much influence his views have among current psychedelic users. Strassman's DMT book, which has sold over 102,000 copies and been made into a documentary, might now have more of an influence on generations coming of age after McKenna's death.
Including a question about McKenna inspired some comments from individuals less than enamored with his ideas, as well as some comments from his fans. A few people remarked that their own entity experiences "pre-dated [their] knowledge of McKenna and his entities".
In fact, 54% of survey respondents indicated that they had some knowledge of Terence McKenna. Of the people who had never heard of McKenna, 73% also said that they had never had contact with a discarnate entity. Of the 27% of the survey respondents who indicated that they had experienced contact with a discarnate entity, nearly 69% of those had heard of McKenna. In the end, it's not clear that this tells us too much.
Aardvark D. The Entheogen Review. 1998-2008.
Aiken JW. "The Church of the Awakening". In: Aaronson B, Osmond H (Eds). Psychedelics: The Uses and Implications of Hallucinogenic Drugs. Anchor Books. 1970. 165-182.
Anonymous. "DMT Entities". The Entheogen Review. 1995;4(2):6-7.
Aaronson B, Osmond H (Eds). Psychedelics: The Uses and Implications of Hallucinogenic Drugs. Anchor Books. 1970.Beifuss W. Personal communication. 1995.
Ball MW. "Terence on DMT: An Entheological Analysis of McKenna's Experiences in the Tryptamine Mirror of the Self". Reality Sandwich. Realitysandwich.com/terence_dmt. 2010.
Care Control. "A One-Time Atheist Found God: Experience with 2C-I". Erowid.org. Erowid.org/exp/25486. 2003.
DeKorne J. The Entheogen Review. 1992-1997.
Dev N (Meyer P). "Apparent Communication with Discarnate Entities Induced by Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)". No publisher listed. 1991. Republished in: Lyttle T (Ed). Psychedelic Monographs and Essays 6. 1993. 29-69.
Erowid. Experience Vaults. Erowid.org. Erowid.org/experiences.
Grey A. Sacred Mirrors: The Visionary Art of Alex Grey. Inner Traditions. 1990.
Grof S. LSD Psychotherapy. Hunter House. 1980.
Haldane JBS. Possible Worlds and Other Essays. Chatto & Windus. 1927.
Harris R, Gurel L. "A Study of Ayahuasca Use in North America". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 2012;44(3):209-215.
Huxley A. "Mescaline and the 'Other World'". In: Cholden L (Ed), Lysergic Acid Diethylamide and Mescaline in Experimental Psychiatry. Grune & Stratton. 1956. 46-50.
Jansen K. Ketamine: Dreams and Realities. Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies. 2001.
Kent J, Pickover C. "The Case Against DMT Elves". Tripzine. Tripzine.com/listing.php?id=dmt_pickover. 2004.
Lilly JC. The Center of the Cyclone: An Autobiography of Inner Space. Julian Press, Inc. 1972.
McKenna TK. "Terence McKenna the Entity and the Elves of Psilocybin". Audio excerpt from unspecified lecture; posted Jul 15, 2009 to YouTube by "planetunion". http://Youtube.com/watch?v=KfgRWZx7Q00″. No Date.
McKenna TK, Leary TF. "You Get Elves, Everybody Does". Audio montage sampling unspecified lecture(s); originally aired on The Trip Receptacles radio show, KPFA Berkeley. Web.archive.org/web/20020817175817/www.nvo.com/cd/nss-folder/tripreceptaclemp3s/SH1PT7.MP3. No Date.
Masters REL, Houston J. The Varieties of Psychedelic Experience. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 1966.
Meyer, P. 340 DMT Trip Reports. Serendipity.li/dmt/340_dmt_trip_reports.htm. 2010.
Miller S. "Interview: Terence McKenna". Omni. 1993;15(7):69-70, 74, 90-92.
Oroc J. Tryptamine Palace: 5-MeO-DMT and the Sonoran Desert Toad. Park Street Press. 2009.
Pinchbeck D. "2012: Time for Change Presents: Joe Rogan". Reality Sandwich. Posted Apr 6, 2010, Realitysandwich.com/video/2012_tfc_presents. No Date.
Richardson J. "Who Am I, and So What if I Am?". In: Aaronson B, Osmond H (Eds). Psychedelics: The Uses and Implications of Hallucinogenic Drugs. Anchor Books. 1970. 50-58.
Ruck CAP, Bigwood J, Staples D, Ott J, Wasson RG. "Entheogens". Journal of Psychedelic Drugs. 1979;11(1-2):145-146.
Strassman R. "MSP 93, Rick Strassman Papers". Archives and Special Collections, Purdue University Libraries. 1989-1991.
Strassman R. DMT: The Spirit Molecule. Park Street Press. 2001.
Teafaerie. "Virtuality". Teatime: Psychedelic Musings from the Center of the Universe.
Turner DM. The Essential Psychedelic Guide. Panther Press. 1994.
The original article can be found here on the Erowid website.


"CEX.IO" enables consumers to increase to the much bigger quantity of Bitcoin professions, and also it has the center to make readily available the Bitcoin at asked for cost quickly. For this exchange bills a little bit high exchange quantity, yet this is made up for the protection and centers of permitting multi-currency deal to acquire Bitcoin. With high liquidity for the Ethereum and Bitcoin, this exchange has much better alternatives like leveraging, margin financing and also numerous order trading. One of the biggest exchanges in terms of quantity traded Bitfinex provides pseudonymity for professions and also for some of the solutions it calls for recognition. The only disadvantage with this exchange is that it does not sustain the acquiring of Bitcoin or any kind of various another altcoin with fiat deals.
It was started in 2011 and also is the earliest of exchanges that supply bitcoin gold hard fork and also Bitcoin professions. Bitstamp presently sustains 4 money Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin and also Surge and is readily available with the mobile application as well, apart from web site to trade. Last of all its complicated customer interface recommends that it is not for the beginner customer yet for experts and it uses loved one reduced deals charges. It is one of the biggest Bitcoin trading exchanges in terms of the liquidity, euro crypto trading quantities and also trading numbers of Canadian Bucks, USD and also Yen. With 14+ cryptocurrency trading centers, the customer can transfer the fiat and cryptocurrency along with the comparable capability for withdrawals.
Digital Money, frequently referred to as "Cryptocurrency," is a kind of loan that exists in a digital style. It is a collection of information that makes use of an innovation referred to as Block Chain, which acts as a journal and also keeps the background of what the bitcoin gold windows Cryptocurrency has actually been utilized for. The current development in the appeal of Cryptocurrency has actually paved the way to a brand-new period of riches in the modern technology market. While the conventional methods of producing earnings or generating riches have actually commonly entailed trading an item or a solution for cash or settlement, Digital Money is produced entirely various.
Similar to silver or gold is removed of the ground, Digital Money makes use of "miners" to refine thousands upon hundreds of computations every min, efficiently excavating via a hill of electronic rocks and also dust to situate what eventually winds up being a remedy to an incredibly complex mathematics issue coinomi. Up till recently, an Engineer's capacity to produce an income depended on structure electronic applications or offering their technological abilities to a company.
With the birth of Cryptocurrency, an Engineer (or also a beginner individual with some fundamental computer system shows abilities) can prevent fundamental work and also involve straight in the manufacturing of this brand-new money by developing a staff of ultra-powerful computer systems whose single objective is to "extract" Claim BTG Fork. The company globe counts greatly on the abilities and also capacities of the Computer system and also IT Professionals. As the appeal of digital loan proceeds to expand and also come to be extra and extra preferred, incorporated with the all-natural abilities held by also some of the lot of fundamental computer system developers, the company globe might begin to see Cryptocurrency as a hazard to their company procedures.


> Oh Wah es change that diaper and dry those eyes.
> put out the bait and look who took it.
> who caught it, it was WW.
> stirring up the anti-Macron protestors."
> See how you BS. You just made something up.
If WW hadn't posted the correction I would still be deceived about the event by the disinformation you posted.
- And your point is what?
Yes, the guy in the mask –standing on the bus- incited the protestors to chant Trump, Trump, Trump the other details didn't catch my attention. I made NOTHING up but you claim YOU DID.
Should we all start intentionally posting disinformation to see if anyone catches it and if no one does then how many days shall we wait to expose our clever deception?
Apparently your point is that I'm a fool to trust that the guy who CONSTANTLY accuses others of posting disinformation and judges them as incredulous for it wouldn't intentionally post disinformation.
Except you addressed it specifically for RJ (Race Jackson) and asked HIM how many times it has happened so either you were trying to fool Race or you didn't know it was disinformation until WW told you.
Clearly it was the later and it's more comfortable for you to lie than man up and admit your mistake.


The San Francisco Zoo is a fun workshop held right along the Central California Coast; where the animals are healthy and happy, and the Bay Area weather always gives us something good to work with! On this chilly Saturday morning, Aperture Academy instructors Scott Donschikowski and Alicia Telfer lead an intimate group of 5 into the zoo for a fun-filled adventure!
On this day, we made our way to the backside of the zoo for the grizzly bear feeding and stopped along the way to see the Mandrill, who would posed perfectly for us, then saunter about giving us an opportunity for some action shots! He was acting as if he was expecting us. One of the first tips we teach our students is utilizing fast shutter speeds. After going over the dial settings, most students decided to use the Shutter Priority setting to capture any sudden movements! Moving forward, we stopped by the Lion's den to see all the cats resting peaceful, preening and yawing in the early morning mist. Across the way the Rhino was playing peek-a-boo and the Kudu was laying alert with his spiraling horns making 2.5 graceful twists. Depending on where he is laying, students can compose a shot of him with some thick grass in the foreground, practicing depth of field!
After about 45 minutes, we ended up in the Grizzly Gulch, were we switched our telephoto lenses for our wide angle lenses and watched the bears swim and hunt for fish! Another fun tip for people to use in a confined space, shooting from the hip. This is where we taught some students to squeeze their shooting hand in to a smaller space and fire away! Sometimes, it is fun not being able to see what we are shooting! After all the excitement and claustrophobia settled, we headed over to say hi to the polar bear, he was so relaxed, laying in the sun scratching his belly and making is very easy to get some very cute shots of him. The sun bear was grouchy on this morning, but the sea lions were swimming freely, enjoying a hand feeding of fish from one of their zoo-keeper friends.
Stopping by the penguins, Alicia's favorite exhibit, we rounded our way back to the Leaping Lemur Café were we all enjoyed our lunch with the flamingos! During lunch, we like to give the students time to talk about anything and everything photography! With our cameras in hand, we reviewed and shared images captured thus far, and we were all seeing amazing shots! The next stop was the Gorilla Preserve, a staff favorite, with over 8 viewing areas allowing opportunity for endless compositions! After a little goofing around for a group shot with our gorilla faces on, we made our way to the children's zoo where we have access to quite the variety of specimens.
We stopped to say hello to the meerkats and prairie dogs, where you get a bird's eye view of the doggies munching away. The meerkats were perched up, watching out for birds of prey and other enemies. There is a beautiful natural background behind the guard on duty, with just enough distance to create some bokeh in everyone's images- which, were coming out well exposed and composed! Making sure to spend at leave 10-15 minutes to finish up in the petting zoo, this allows us to get up close and personal with plenty of friendly goats, llamas and pigs! Everyone was happy with their new and improved images, and we said are farewells. Until next time, Scott, Alicia & the rest of the Aperture Academy Team!
Scott, Alicia and the rest of the team at Aperture Academy!


text:
Within Facebook, a Sense of Relief Over the Zuckerberg Hearings
Nicholas Thompson
Facebook employees watched the hearings closely, and were pleased by what they saw.
Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg testifying before Congress this week.SAUL LOEB/AFP/Getty Images
About two hours, or 20 percent, into Mark Zuckerberg's marathon testimony before Congress this week, the Facebook CEO had a slightly awkward exchange with senator John Cornyn (R-Texas). Cornyn wanted to know what happens to people's data when they delete their accounts. Zuckerberg responded that Facebook deletes their data. But Cornyn continued, "How about third parties that you have contracted with to use some of that underlying information, perhaps to target advertising for themselves?"
To Zuckerberg, this must have been exasperating. As he has said over and over, Facebook doesn't sell data to advertisers. Doing so could allow outsiders to build competitive ad-targeting products that would undermine Facebook's business. And so Zuckerberg patiently explained, yet again, how Facebook works. "We do not sell data to advertisers. We don't sell data to anyone."
Before the hearings, Zuckerberg's colleagues in Menlo Park had been nervous. The company had been battered, insulted, and mocked for weeks. The stock price had collapsed. And now Zuckerberg, who isn't known for his charisma or quick-witted stage presence, would be grilled by professional grillers. The whole thing felt to Facebook roughly like watching the father of the bride at a tense wedding, refilled glass of chardonnay in hand, slide up to the microphone to give a toast. It could go OK. It should go OK. But it might also go horribly wrong.
Once the hearings started, though, according to numerous Facebook employees asked about their reactions, everyone at headquarters started to calm down. For one, it became immediately clear that many of the senators didn't actually know what Facebook does. "I was personally surprised by how ill-prepared the members were," one Facebook executive told me. "Once it was clear how bad it was and how mismatched they were, everybody had this awakening: We have made some mistakes, but these guys know even less." Numerous people at the company passed around a meme in which Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) putatively asked Zuckerberg, "Mr. Zuckerberg, a magazine I recently opened came with a floppy disk offering me 30 free hours of something called America On-Line. Is that the same as Facebook?"
After Zuckerberg finished his session with Cornyn, John Thune (R-South Dakota) interjected that it was time to take a break. Thune may have had the most power over Facebook in the room—he oversees the Senate Commerce Committee, which in turn helps oversee the Federal Trade Commission—and he may also have the best jawbone. But Zuckerberg responded that, actually, no, he was fine to keep going. "You can do a few more," Zuckerberg said. He wasn't worn down.
In Menlo Park, there were cheers from some employees. According to one who was watching a TV nearby, "It was like magic." At another spot in Facebook's offices where senior executives had gathered, people started laughing and smiling. The toast was going just fine. Nothing was going to go horribly wrong. Meanwhile, employees had their eyes on the stock ticker, which, for the first time in a while, had started to turn upward.
Shortly thereafter, Dean Heller (R-Nevada) asked a question without an easy answer. "Do you believe you're more responsible with millions of Americans' personal data than the federal government would be?"
Zuckerberg had a choice: He could weasel his way out and say the answer is hard. He could throw out something patriotic and muddled. But he decided to do something simple. He just said, "Yes." Then he paused and moved on to talking about something else.
It was another moment of magic, a Facebook employee said. "The mood totally changed internally."
Some Bad Reviews
Zuckerberg didn't impress everyone this week. The New York Post dubbed him "The Social Nitwit." At the TED conference, Facebook was hammered repeatedly, and one speaker, Jaron Lanier, declared, "I don't think our species can survive unless we fix this." People made fun of him for sitting on what was dubbed a booster seat. Those perhaps seeing Zuckerberg for the first time were surprised that he can appear like a humanoid. Trevor Noah said Zuckerberg must "have sent a robot version of himself." Jimmy Kimmel declared that he "almost even managed to replicate a human smile."
It's unlikely, though, that Zuckerberg cared much about the cheap shots and the jokes. He surely noticed that the value of the company rose by about $17 billion during the hearings, making him more than $2.5 billion richer. And in some ways, the most important part of the hearings was to calm his restive employees. In recent weeks, working at Facebook has come to seem a bit like working at Goldman Sachs in 2008. The most important challenge for Facebook is employee retention: Despite the billions the company makes and the kombucha shots it serves on the corporate roof, competition for engineers in Silicon Valley is severe. In recent weeks, Facebook has seemed weak and easy to raid. One employee even boasted publicly of quitting.
And if your metric is employee morale, Zuckerberg's testimony was a success. Early in the Senate hearings, Orrin Hatch (R-Utah) pushed Zuckerberg on why the company doesn't have a subscription model. Zuckerberg responded carefully and cautiously. Hatch then asked, "Well, if so, how do you sustain a business model in which users don't pay for your service?"
Zuckerberg responded, again, with a smile: "Senator, we run ads."
Since then, in Menlo Park, numerous Facebook employees have repeated the mantra in meetings, joking, "Senator, we run ads."
How the Ad Business Works
That isn't to say the hearings went over perfectly, even at home. One mystifying thing to employees was that Zuckerberg frequently seemed to come up short when asked for details about the advertising business. When pressed by Roy Blunt (R-Missouri)—who, Zuckerberg restrained himself from pointing out, was a client of Cambridge Analytica—Facebook's CEO couldn't specify whether Facebook tracks users across their computing devices or tracks offline activity. He seemed similarly mystified about some of the details about the data Facebook collects about people. In total, Zuckerberg promised to follow up on 43 issues; many of the most straight-ahead ones were details on how the ad business works. It's possible, of course, that Zuckerberg dodged the questions because he didn't want to talk about Facebook's tracking on national TV. It seemed more likely to some people on the inside, however, that he genuinely didn't know.
Why was this? Inside Facebook it was simply seen of a sign of something that many of his colleagues know: Zuckerberg is much more interested in product and engineering than he is in the business. His former speechwriter Kate Losse told me that she thinks he did well. But she too was struck by his inability to answer questions about the details of the way Facebook makes most of its money. "I genuinely believe that he doesn't care about ads."
Zuckerberg's marathon testimony also didn't close out questions about some of his company's biggest threats. Zuckerberg did not give thorough answers (and the congressmembers did not ask thorough questions) about the extent of Russian operations on the platform. It is still entirely possible that we will, in due course, see the threads of the Cambridge Analytica and Russia stories converge. If that happens, the company will have to deal with something much darker than even the mess of the past few weeks. It will mean, in short, that the data—and even the private messages—of trusting Facebook users ended up in the hands of a foreign adversary trying to manipulate a presidential election.
And there is still the looming issue of the 2011 FTC consent decree, and whether Facebook violated its terms by not acting reasonably to protect people's privacy after it learned about Cambridge Analytica's data gathering. An investigation is ongoing, which Zuckerberg did little to put to rest. It could cost the company billions.
Still, back at home, the troops were happy. On Thursday, the day after the hearings ended, Sheryl Sandberg was supposed to address the staff in a company-wide Q&A. Instead, Zuckerberg returned to Menlo Park and answered questions in person. "It was a Mark lovefest," one employee said.
Facing Up
Day two of Zuckerberg's testimony was like two hearings in one, as conservative representatives questioned Facebook's content-moderation policies.
A 2011 consent decree that Facebook signed with a federal agency hasn't prevented additional privacy missteps.
Read the inside story of the past two years at Facebook.
Nicholas Thompson is the former editor in chief of WIRED. You can find more information at nickthompson.com.
TopicsFacebookMark Zuckerbergcongress
Mark Zuckerberg Senate Testimony Highlights
Highlights from Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg's appearance before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary and Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation hearing, "Facebook, Social Media Privacy, and the Use and Abuse of Data."
Lina Khan's Plan to Liberate US Workers
The chair of the Federal Trade Commission explains why she wants to ban companies from locking up employees with noncompete clauses.
What the West Doesn't Know About China's Silicon Valley
Novelist Ning Ken's history of Beijing's Zhongguancun district shows how two generations of professors and tech entrepreneurs helped make the country more open.
Jennifer Conrad
Quantum Startups' Stock Market Dreams Are Decohering
A shortcut to going public, called a SPAC, helped early-stage tech companies raise money. Now some are suffering slumps.
Amanda Hoover
Algorithms Allegedly Penalized Black Renters. The DOJ Is Watching
The Department of Justice warned a provider of tenant-screening software that its technology must comply with fair housing law.
Khari Johnson


text:
Historic Sites of Manitoba: Blumenort School No. 62 (Blumenort, RM of Hanover)
The Blumenort School District was established formally in November 1878 and a one-room schoolhouse operated near the present-day Blumenort in the Rural Municipality of Hanover. The first teacher was Cornelius P. Friesen, who was paid $50 plus oats and hay for his livestock plus firewood. He was expected to construct the benches and tables for the school. In the spring of 1920, a new school was constructed at NE21-7-6E based upon the architectural drawings of Gilbert C. Parfitt. It served the educational needs of the community until 1935 when the district was subdivided to form the new Twin Creek School District No. 2260. The building was moved to SW21-7-6E where it became Twin Creek School, while a new school was constructed one mile north of the old site, as Blumenort School. This building was expanded in 1940 to a two-room structure, with a third classroom added in 1961. Four years later, a new three-classroom school was built one-half mile north and one-half mile east of the former location.
On 9 January 1967, the Twin Creek School was destroyed by fire so its students were bused to Blumenort School. To accommodate the increased enrollment, a portable hut was attached to the existing school as a fourth classroom. In 1968, administration of the school was taken over by the Hanover School Division. In 2013, a commemorative sign was erected by the EastMenn Historical Society.
Principals (Blumenort School)
Heinrich R. Reimer
Gerhard Giesbrecht Kornelsen (1878-1958)
Wilhelm "William" Kornelsen
No Principal
Aaron Reimer Wiebe
Gerhard Johann Peter "John" Kliewer (1898-1944)
Margaret M. Toews
Cornelius L. "Neil" Toews
Gerhard K. Reimer
Irvin H. Penner
Arthur Bernard "Art" Wiebe
Melvin Penner
Principals (Blumenort High School)
Gerry B. Doerksen
Teachers (Blumenort School)
David P. Reimer (junior grades), Heinrich R. Reimer (senior grades)
Heinrich R. Reimer (senior grades), Maria R. Unger (junior grades)
Gerhard G. Kornelsen (grades 1-5, 1919), Maria R. Unger (grades 1-5)
Gerhard G. Kornelsen (grades 2-3, 1919), Wilhelm "William" Kornelsen (grades 3-5, 1920), Heinrich R. Reimer (grades 3-5, 1919)
(See below)
Margaret M. Toews (grades 1-3), Aaron Reimer Wiebe (grades 4-8)
Gerhard Johann Peter "John" Kliewer (grades 4-9), Margaret M. Toews (grades 1-3)
Cornelius L. "Neil" Toews (grades 4-9, 1944), Gerhard Johann Peter "John" Kliewer (grades 4-9, 1943), Margaret M. Toews (grades 1-3; grades 1-9, 1944)
Gerhard K. Reimer (grades 4-9), Margaret M. Toews (grades 1-3)
Helen Pankratz (grades 1-3), Gerhard K. Reimer (grades 4-7)
Helen Pankratz (grades 1-4), Gerhard K. Reimer (grades 5-10)
Betty Koop (grades 1-4), Gerhard K. Reimer (grades 5-11)
Betty Koop (grades 1-3), Gerhard K. Reimer (grades 4-8)
Annie Isaac (grades 1-3), Gerhard K. Reimer (grades 4-8)
Annie Isaac (grades 1-4), Irvin H. Penner (grades 5-8)
Annie Isaac (grades 1-4), Irvin H. Penner (grades 3 & 5-8)
Lena Schinkel (grades 1-3), Arthur Bernard "Art" Wiebe (grades 4-8)
Helen Letkemann (grades 1-3), Arthur Bernard "Art" Wiebe (grades 4-9)
Helen Letkemann (grades 1-3), Alvina June Wiebe (grades 3-5), Arthur Bernard "Art" Wiebe (grades 6-8)
Hilda Siemens Friesen (grades 1-2), Helen Letkemann (grades 3-5), Arthur Bernard "Art" Wiebe (grades 6-8)
Helen Letkemann (grades 3-5), Annie Penner (grades 1-2), Arthur Bernard "Art" Wiebe (grades 6-8)
Helen Letkemann (grades 3-5), Annie Penner (grades 1-2), Melvin Penner (grades 6-8)
Eva Fast (grades 1-2), Helen Letkemann (grades 3-5), Melvin Penner (grades 6-8)
Henry Dueck (grades 5-6), Eva Fast (grades 1-2), Melvin Penner (grades 7-8), Margaret Ruth Toews (grades 3-4)
Teachers (Blumenort High School)
Gerry B. Doerksen (grade 11), Peter U. Dueck (grade 10, 1963), Marion Edith Jasper (grade 10, 1964)
Lorene Kiu Chui (grade 9), Gerry B. Doerksen (grade 11), Glenn Rudolph Klassen (grade 10), Theodor Cornelius Martens (grade 9)
Gerry B. Doerksen (grade 11), Glenn Rudolph Klassen (grade 10), Theodor Cornelius Martens (grade 9)
Murray C. Barkman (grade 9), Gerry B. Doerksen (grade 9), David Friesen (grade 9, 1967)
Among the teachers who worked at Blumenort School through the years were: Cornelius P. Friesen, John B. Toews, Gerhard K. Giesbrecht, Heinrich R. Reimer (1907-1914), Gerhard G. Kornelsen (1920-1921), Frank Wiebe (1921-1923), David P. Reimer (1923-1924), Abraham P. Toews (1924-1927), Wilhelm "William" Kornelsen (1927-1928), John C. Reimer (1928-1939), and Aaron Reimer Wiebe (1939-1940).
Blumenort School (no date) by A. A. Herriot
Blumenort School after a second classroom was added in 1940 (no date) by A. A. Herriot
Blumenort School commemorative sign (July 2019)
Source: Rose Kuzina
Schools - Our Heritage: From 46 School Districts to Hanover Unitary School Division (1878-1968) by John K. Schellenberg, The Board of The Hanover School Division No. 15, May 1985, ISBN 0-919673-93-7.
Plans and shop drawings (GS 0100), Blumenort School District No. 62, GR3125, Archives of Manitoba.
Manitoba School Records Collection, Blumenort School District No. 62 - Daily Registers, GR2656, Archives of Manitoba.
School division half-yearly attendance reports (E 0757), Archives of Manitoba.
We thank Glen Klassen, Ernest Braun, and Rose Kuzina for providing information used here.
Page revised: 27 January 2022


This study examined adaptive behavior and cognitive skills for 125 toddlers on the autism spectrum using the recently updated Vineland-II and Bayley-III. Delays in adaptive skills were apparent at 2 years of age. As a group, toddlers on the autism spectrum had a profile of Vineland-II standard scores in which Motor Skills > Daily Living Skills > Socialization > Communication. Vineland-II scores were significantly correlated with Bayley-III Cognitive scores. Performance on the ADOS was significantly negatively correlated with Bayley-III Cognitive standard scores and standard scores in the Daily Living Skills and Communication domains of the Vineland-II. However, calibrated ADOS scores did not contribute significant variance to Vineland-II scores beyond that predicted by age and Bayley-III scores.
Bayley, N. (2006). Bayley scales of infant and toddler development (3rd ed.). San Antonio, TX: PsychCorp.
Bishop, L. S., Luyster, R., Richler, J., & Lord, C. (2008). Diagnostic assessment. In K. Chawarska, A. Klin, & F. R. Volkmar (Eds.), Autism spectrum disorders in infants and toddlers (pp. 50–75). New York: Guilford Press.
Brassard, M. R., & Boehm, A. E. (2007). Preschool assessment: Principles and practices. New York: Guilford Press.
Cicchetti, D. V., Koenig, K., Klin, A., Volkmar, F. R., Paul, R., & Sparrow, S. (2010). From Bayes through marginal utility to effect sizes: a guide to understanding the clinical and statistical significance of the results of autism research findings. Journal of Autsim and Developmental Disorders. doi: 10.1007/s10803-010-1035-6.
Rutter, M., Le Couteur, A., & Lord, C. (2003). Autism diagnostic interview- revised- WPS. In: WPS (Ed.) Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
Schopler, E., Reichler, R. J., & Renner, B. R. (1988). The childhood autism rating scale (CARS). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
Sparrow, S. S., Cicchetti, V. D., & Balla, A. D. (2005). Vineland adaptive behavior scales (2nd ed.). Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.


text:
Department of English and Modern Languages
Film Studies Minor
English Graduate Programs
English M.A. Program
Resources for English and Modern Language Students
Usability Testing Lab
Concho River Review
Oasis | Art and Literary magazine
Annual Foreign Language Competition
Dual Credit Partners
Home / Departments/Department of English and Modern Languages/Concho River Review
Begun by novelist and short-story writer Dr. Terry Dalrymple in 1987, Concho River Review is a biannual literary journal published by the Department of English and Modern Languages at Angelo State University. Since its inception, CRR has prided itself on publishing some of the finest short fiction, nonfiction, and poetry from both emerging and established authors. Although originally designed as a forum for Texas writers, over the years its reach and interests have extended well beyond Texas and the Southwest.
In the words of our former editor Dr. Mary Ellen Hartje, CRR aims to provide its readers with "escape, insight, laughter and inspiration" for many years to come. We urge authors to submit to the journal and readers to subscribe to our publication.
CRR Web Site
Concho River Review maintains an independent web site where readers can learn more about the journal, subscribe, or find back issues and where authors may submit their works. The address of the site is below.
ConchoRiverReview.org
crr@angelo.edu
General Editor:
R. Mark Jackson
Fiction Editor:
Andrew Geyer
Nonfiction Editor:
Al Haley
Poetry Editor:
Jerry Bradley
Book Review Editor:
Business Manager:
Erin Ashworth-King