text:
La stagione 1920-1921 è stata la venticinquesima edizione della Second Division, secondo livello del campionato di calcio inglese. Il capocannoniere del torneo fu  Sydney Puddefoot del West Ham United  con 29 reti.

Classifica finale

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" align=center style="font-size: 90%;"
!width=7%|
!width=7%|Pos.
!width=27%|Squadra
!width=10%|Pt
!width=7%|G
!width=7%|V
!width=7%|N
!width=7%|P
!width=7%|GF
!width=7%|GS
!width=7%|GF GS
|- align=center style="background:#FFFF66;"
| ||1||align="left"|
||58||42||24||10||8||79||38||2.07
|- align=center style="background:#FFFF66;"
|  ||2||align="left"|
||58||42||24||10||8||59||32||1.84
|- align=center style="background:#FFFFFF;"
|||3||align="left"|
||51||42||19||13||10||49||29||1.69
|- align=center style="background:#FFFFFF;"
| ||4||align="left"|
||50||42||20||10||12||54||42||1.28
|- align=center style="background:#FFFFFF;"
| ||5||align="left"|
||48''||42||19||10||13||51||30||1.70
|- align=center style="background:#FFFFFF;"
| ||6||align="left"|
||47||42||18||11||13||55||40||1.37
|- align=center style="background:#FFFFFF;"
| ||7||align="left"|
||45||42||16||13||13||43||42||1.02
|- align=center style="background:#FFFFFF;"
| ||8||align="left"|  South Shields
||44||42||17||10||15||61||46||1.32
|- align=center style="background:#FFFFFF;"
| ||9||align="left"|
||42||42||16||10||16||43||47||0.91
|- align=center style="background:#FFFFFF;"
| ||10||align="left"|
||41||42||15||11||16||48||48||1.00
|- align=center style="background:#FFFFFF;"
| ||11||align="left"|
||40||42||15||10||17||45||49||0.91
|- align=center style="background:#FFFFFF;"
| ||12||align="left"|
||40||42||12||16||14||39||46||0.84
|- align=center style="background:#FFFFFF;"
| ||13||align="left"|
||40||42||10||20||12||43||53||0.81
|- align=center style="background:#FFFFFF;"
| ||14||align="left"|
||38||42||14||10||18||40||45||0.88
|- align=center style="background:#FFFFFF;"
| ||15||align="left"|
||38||42||16||6||20||49||66||0.74
|- align=center style="background:#FFFFFF;"
| ||16||align="left"|
||36||42||10||16||16||48||50||0.96
|- align=center style="background:#FFFFFF;"
| ||17||align="left"|
||36||42||11||14||17||43||49||0.87
|- align=center style="background:#FFFFFF;"
| ||18||align="left"|
||36||42||12||12||18||48||55||0.87
|- align=center style="background:#FFFFFF;"
| ||19||align="left"|  Rotherham County
||36||42||12||12||18||37||53||0.69
|- align=center style="background:#FFFFFF;"
|||20||align="left"|
||35||42||12||11||19||46||56||0.82
|- align=center style="background:#FFFFFF;"
|||21||align="left"|
||35||42||12||11||19||39||70||0.55
|- align=center style="background:#FFCCCC;"
| ||22||align="left"|||30||42||9||12||21||42||75||0.56
|}

Verdetti
  Birmingham e Cardiff City e  promosse in First Division 1921-1922.
  Stockport County'''  retrocesso in Third Division North/South 1921-1922.

Voci correlate
First Division 1920-1921
Third Division North/South 1920-1921
FA Cup 1920-1921
FA Charity Shield 1921

Collegamenti esterni
 https://web.archive.org/web/20101102235351/http://www.statto.com/

Calcio nel 1920
Calcio nel 1921

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text:
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text:
A growth reference for MUAC-for-age among school age children and adolescents and validation for mortality
Summary of research1
Location: Kenya, Uganda and Zimbabwe
What we know: An internationally accepted reference for mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) does not exist for school-age children and adolescents
What this article adds: Growth curves for mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC)-for-age z-score for children age 5-19 years were constructed and evaluated against data from Uganda and Zimbabwe (ARROW trial) and Kenya to determine their discriminatory performance for subsequent mortality. The new growth curves transitioned smoothly with WHO growth standards at age five years. MUAC-for-age z-scores of −2 to −3 and less than −3, compared with −2 or more, were associated with hazard ratios for death within one year of 3.63 and 11.1 respectively (ARROW participants); and 2.22 and 5.15 respectively (Kenya). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC)s for MUAC-for-age and body mass index-for-age z-scores for discriminating subsequent mortality were 0.81 and 0.75 (ARROW) and 0.73 and 0.58 (Kenya). MUAC-for-age z-score is at least as effective as BMI-for-age z-score for assessing mortality risk associated with undernutrition among African children age 5-19 years.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends using body mass index (BMI) to assess malnutrition in school-age children, adolescents and adults. In 2007 WHO published growth references for weight, height and BMI for 5-19 year-olds; contrary to younger children, where MUAC is widely and increasingly used, MUAC was not included (WHO, 2007). A MUAC reference for US children and adolescents has recently been published, but at age five years, z-score values from −3 to 3 are between 0.6 cm and 2.6 cm higher than those of the 2006 WHO growth standards. There is currently therefore no internationally accepted reference, nor any studies that relate either MUAC or BMI to subsequent major health outcomes in this age group. The objective of this study was to construct growth curves for MUAC-for-age z- score for 5-19 year-olds that accord with WHO growth standards and to evaluate their discriminatory performance for subsequent mortality through a longitudinal cohort study.
The Health Examination Survey (HES)/National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) US population datasets (age 5-25 years), used to construct the 2007 WHO growth reference for body mass index (BMI) in this age group, were obtained. The HES cycles II and III and NHANES cycle I included data from 7119 children aged 6-11 years, 6768 children aged 12-17 years, and 23,808 people aged 1-74 years, respectively. For the HES datasets, all observations were initially included. For NHANES cycle I, observations from young people aged 5-25 years were included. These datasets were merged, giving a total number of observations from 20,953 individuals, then stratified by sex (10,639 females). Generalised additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS) were fitted and measurements outside four standard deviations excluded. To achieve a smooth transition with the WHO growth standards at age 60 months, the authors imputed normally distributed z- scores for 36,000 hypothetical individuals, randomly assigned by sex and age and uniformly distributed from 24-71 months, which were then merged with the cleaned HES/NHANES datasets. MUAC was modelled, stratified by sex, as a function of age by fitting GAMLSS models and testing different transformations, including Box-Cox-Power-Exponential, Box-Cox-t, and Box-Cox-Cole-Green models.
The discriminatory performance for subsequent mortality of the growth curves was evaluated, firstly using data from 685 HIV-infected children aged 5-17 years participating in the Antiretroviral Research for Watoto (ARROW) trial in Uganda and Zimbabwe between 2007 and 2008. MUAC, weight and height were measured at baseline and dates of death or loss to follow-up were recorded. Secondly, a dataset was used of 1,741 children aged 5-13 years discharged from a rural Kenyan hospital (3.8% HIV-infected) 2007-2012, where anthropometry was routinely undertaken and recorded at admission. Both cohorts were followed up for survival during one year. Using the 2007 WHO growth reference, MUAC-for-age z-scores were calculated from the new growth reference and BMI-for-age z-scores. Hazard ratios for death were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models for predefined categories of MUAC-for-age and BMI-for-age z-scores. The proportions of children identified as malnourished by these MUAC-for-age and BMI-for-age thresholds were compared using a McNemar test. Multivariable models included age and sex (as well as HIV status for the Kenyan dataset, but not for the ARROW trial, as all children were HIV infected) as a priori potential confounders. To evaluate the predictive value of continuous MUAC-for-age and BMI-for-age z-scores, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves were estimated for death within one year and differences in area under the curve (AUC) were tested.
Figures 1 and 2 show the new MUAC-for-age z-score growth curves by sex. The new growth curves transitioned smoothly with WHO growth standards at age five years. MUAC-for-age z-scores of −2 to −3 and less than −3, compared with −2 or more, were associated with hazard ratios for death within one year of 3.63 (95% confidence interval 0.90 to 14.7; P=0.07) and 11.1 (3.40 to 36.0; P<0.001), respectively, among ARROW trial participants; and 2.22 (1.01 to 4.9; P=0.04) and 5.15 (2.49 to 10.7; P<0.001), respectively, among Kenyan children after discharge from hospital. The AUCs for MUAC-for-age and BMI-for-age z-scores for discriminating subsequent mortality were 0.81 (95% confidence interval 0.70 to 0.92) and 0.75 (0.63 to 0.86) in the ARROW trial (absolute difference 0.06, 95% confidence interval −0.032 to 0.16; P=0.2) and 0.73 (0.65 to 0.80) and 0.58 (0.49 to 0.67), respectively, in Kenya (absolute difference in AUC 0.15, 0.07 to 0.23; P=0.0002).
Figure 1: Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC)-for-age z score reference curves for girls aged 5 to 19 years
Figure 2: Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC)-for-age z score reference curves for boys aged 5 to 19 years
Results confirm that a new growth reference for MUAC-for-age among school-age children and adolescents can be used alongside WHO growth standards and is a valid anthropometric marker of the risk of mortality in HIV-infected and uninfected populations in Africa. The authors conclude that, with its practical simplicity and availability of reference curves, MUAC can be used in place of BMI to assess communities and guide treatment for individuals at nutrition and HIV programmes and as a standardised means of assessment in research.
1Mramba L, Ngari M, Mwangome M et al. (2017). A growth reference for mid upper arm circumference for age among school age children and adolescents, and validation for mortality: growth curve construction and longitudinal cohort study. BMJ 2017;358:j3423 | doi: 10.1136/bmj.j3423
WHO (2007) Growth references for 5-19 years. Available from: www.who.int/growthref/en/
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FEX: Treatment of undernutrition in urban Brazil
Summary of research1 In Brazil, 6% of children aged less than 5 years suffer from height-forage (HAZ) deficit, while the prevalence of this condition is higher (8.2%) among...
en-net: MUAC FOR AGE CALCULATOR
KINDLY RECOMMEND WHICH SOFTWARE OR RELATED THAT I CAN USE FOR MUAC Just an FYI ... The R langage functions to add z-scores using the WHO standard and WHO references (older...
FEX: WHO growth reference for children and adolescents
Summary of published research1 The need for a widely applicable growth reference for older children and adolescents has increasingly been recognised by countries attempting to...
FEX: MUAC vs WHZ in predicting mortality in hospitalised children under five years of age
Summary of research1 This research contributes to the evidence base regarding which anthropometric indicators identify malnourished sick children most at risk of death. Low...
en-net: Anthropometric data of children 6-24 from Africa using Stata
Hi, I am using Stata for analysis my data from Africa focusing on children aged from 6 to 24 months and need to calculate MUAC-for-age z-score and WAZ. I found there are...
en-net: Admission of children 5 to 10 years - criteria to use in famine situation
We're currently looking to expand admission criteria in Somalia to include children 5 to 10 years of age. Some partners are already doing this and using a variety of admission...
en-net: Évaluation de la malnutrition aiguë chez les adolescents
Dear fellow nutritionists, I have read the various previous questions regarding the question on how to assess adolescent malnutrition, including the literature (For example:...
en-net: Nutrition Assessments in 8-19 years
I normally use ENA 2011 and EPI, which software can I use to analyse z-scores, BMI data for children of school going age 8- 19 years? Dear James, Try this link:...
FEX: Letter on WHO 2006 Growth Standards, by Marko Kerac and Andrew Seal
This new 2006 WHO Growth standards: What will they mean for emergency nutrition programmes? Dear Editor Whilst welcoming the principles which have driven the development of...
FEX: Effect of nutrition survey 'cleaning criteria' on estimates of malnutrition prevalence and disease burden: secondary data analysis
Summary of research1 Location: Global What we know: Standardised methods for collection and reporting malnutrition prevalence data in nutrition surveys are used. What this...
en-net: Age-adjusted MUACs for children 5-18 years
Does any one know if there are age-adjusted MUACs for children 5-18 years? Thank you for your help on this. From Jay: Hi Mark yes, would be good to see how they pan out...
FEX: Diagnostic criteria for severe acute malnutrition among infants under six months of age
Summary of research1 Location: Kenya What we know: Diagnosis of acute malnutrition in infants under six months old (U6M) is currently based on weight-for-length z score...
FEX: Review of nutrition and mortality indicators for Integrated Phase Classification
Summary of technical review1 The Integrated Phase Classification (IPC) Technical Working Group and the Standing Committee on Nutrition (SCN) Task Force on Assessment,...
FEX: Can anthropometry measure gender discrimination?
Summary of published research1 A baby girl in Bangladesh. Sex differences in life expectancy and child survival in Bangladesh have been attributed to discrimination against...
FEX: Growth faltering in rural Gambian children after four decades of interventions: a retrospective cohort study
Summary of Research1 Nabwera HM, Fulford AJ, Moore SE and Prentice AM. (2017). Growth faltering in rural Gambian children after four decades of interventions: a retrospective...
FEX: Taller but thinner: trends in child anthropometry in Senegal 1990–2015
View this article as a pdf Research snapshot1 This article investigates trends in child anthropometry in Senegal between1990 and 2015, associating them with potential causes;...
en-net: indicator for measuring wasting and stunting in Adults
If the BMI is indicator that measures underweight in adults, what are the indicators that conventient for measuring wasting and stunting in adults? BMI is not a good indicator...
FEX: Is MUAC alone a sufficient criterion for admission of children at high risk of mortality in South Sudan?
Summary of research 1 Location: South Sudan What we know: The operational implications of using MUAC as the sole anthropometric admission criterion to therapeutic feeding...
Article Type: Research
Updated on 13 September 2018
A growth reference for MUAC-for-age among school age children and adolescents and validation for mortality. Field Exchange 58, September 2018. p18. www.ennonline.net/fex/58/growthreferencesmuacforage


text:
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December 2020. I did an interview with ScienceNews on the Pfizer vaccine.
November 2020. I was interviewed for article in Kaiser Health News on difficulties businesses face in closing, re-opening, and re-closing as COVID cases surge and ebb.
November 2020. I was interviewed for an article in Wired about how testing for COVID-19 cannot be used to rule out infection.
November 2020. Our entry to a national competition to develop a novel strategy to control white-nose syndrome was chosen as the winner. The team was led by researchers Oregon State, including Taal Levi and Emily Dziedzic.
November 2020. I contributed to article in Scientific American on how to stay safe during the holidays.
November 2020. I presented to the Santa Cruz County School Boards Association to discuss ways to resume in-person classes more safely.
October 2020. I did an interview with KCBS radio on how we can get through the pandemic in a way that recognizes impacts both on public health and people's livelihoods & wellbeing.
October 2020. I worked with Politifact to fact-check a claim by Trump about the deadliness of flu vs COVID-19.
October 2020. Our paper assessing the impacts of censusing and research on bat populations is published in Conservation Science and Practice. See Publications page for details.
October 2020. I was a signatory on a letter to Inside Higher Ed on best approaches for universities to minimize COVID among students.
October 2020. I did interviews with Propublica, Vox, and National Geographic about what we can (and cannot) conclude from a COVID-19 test.
October 2020. I was quoted in article in Wired magazine about how Trump might have been infected with SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.
October 2020. I did interviews with fivethirtyeight and Salon on the risk of death from COVID-19.
September 2020. A paper by our large team on how amphibians are persisting and recovering with the disease chytridiomycosis was accepted by Ecology Letters. See Publications page for details.
September 2020. A paper I co-authored with Jon Epstein and other colleagues on Nipah virus transmission dynamics in bats was accepted by PNAS. See Publications page for details.
September 2020. I did an interview with the Atlantic on the consequences of pursuing a herd immunity strategy for COVID-19.
September 2020. I did an interview with Business Insider on the extent to which herd immunity is reducing transmission of COVID-19 in the US.
August 2020. I did an interview with Nature News for an article on the fatality of COVID-19.
August 2020. I gave a Town Hall for child care providers on reducing COVID-19 risk.
July 2020. I contributed to an article for Business Insider on steps needed before we can have a safe & effective COVID-19 vaccine rolled out.
July 2020. I wrote an op-ed with Susan True in the Santa Cruz Sentinel on how to reverse the COVID-19 pandemic.
July 2020. I contributed an idea on how to move the disastrous US COVID response forward for an article in Stat News.
June 2020. I did an interview with Stat News on the prospects of 100,000 cases of COVID-19/day in the US.
June 2020. I did an interview with the Daily Mail on why COVID-19 cases are rising but deaths are decreasing when looking across the USA.
June 2020. I did a virtual Town-Hall presentation and Q&A with Dr Gail Newell on COVID-19 for non-profit organizations in Santa Cruz County.
July 2020. I did an interview with Radio France International on what we can do to stop the COVID-19 pandemic.
June 2020. I did an interview with Business Insider on the risk of COVID-19 from Trump's rally.
June 2020. I did an interview with the Atlantic on the challenges of testing people for COVID-19 when they don't have symptoms – they can't be used to rule out infection.
June 2020. I did town hall meetings with Santa Cruz County supervisors John Leopold and Zach Friend on COVID-19.
June 2020. I did an interview with the San Jose Mercury News about a badly flawed study claiming that the risk of disease from COVID-19 was low. The story and quote don't actually explain any of the issues I raised, including the authors using a value of the fatality of COVID-19 that is 50-fold lower than data suggest.
June 2020. A COVID blog featured my roadmap for exiting lockdowns while limiting COVID-19 transmission.
June 2020. I did an interview for Nature on the fatality of COVID-19.
June 2020. I did interviews and was quoted on pre-symtomatic and asymptomatic transmission of SARS-COV-2 in Wired, the Scientist, HealthFeedback, and Buzzfeed.
June 2020. Our paper (w/ Drs. Joseph Hoyt, Kate Langwig) on the (lack of) effects of low numbers of censusing and research visits on bat population growth rates is accepted by Conservation in Practice. See Publications page for details.
May 2020. I did an interview with KCBS on how criteria were set for re-opening Bay Area County businesses impacted by COVID-19, and why they matter.
May 2020. I did an interview with NPR on the challenges of estimating infection prevalence for SARS-COV-2 in areas where transmission is relatively low.
May 2020. I did an interview for Money.com on the uses and misuses of antibody testing.
May 2020. I did a long radio interview on KCBS in SF Bay area on many different aspects of COVID-19.
April 2020. I did an interview with ProPublica on serological studies and how they can be used in the COVID-19 epidemic.
April 2020. I did interviews for San Francisco Chronicle, Nature, KCBS radio, MIT's Undark, Buzzfeed, and Buzzfeed again, about shortcomings of a recent serological study by researchers at Stanford that initially garnered widespread uncritical press. I described these concerns here. Other news agencies also reported these concerns including San Jose Mercury News, Business Insider, Salon, MedicineNet, Medscape.
April 2020. I did television interviews with KION and KSBW about UCSC's efforts to provide local testing capacity for COVID-19/SARS-COV-2.
March 2020. Anthony Fauci is playing a major role in national strategies for COVID-19. Many years ago (2004) I was lucky enough to give congressional testimony in a hearing on West Nile virus. Here is the transcript from that meeting. The first two speakers listed are Anthony Fauci and me! It's probably the closest I'll be to someone that important, and it was a pretty cool experience! It was my 15 minutes of fame.
March 2020. I did an interview with Santa Cruz Local about an exit strategy from the lockdown/shelter in place order that California is under to control transmission of COVID-19/SARS-COV-2.
March 2020. I did an interview with Santa Cruz Good Times about COVID-19.
March 2020. I did an interview for an article in Bay Nature about Lyme disease ecology.
Feb 2020. I gave a short presentation at a legislation announcement event in support of Congressman Jimmy Panetta's proposed legislation to fund conservation of monarch butterflies. The event was covered by several press outlets including the Monterey Herald and KSBW TV.
Feb 2020. Our Monarch butterfly conservation team (Elizabeth Crone at Tufts, Cheryl Schultz at Washington State, and Emma Pelton at Xerces Society) launched a citizen science project called the Western Monarch Mystery Challenge which aims to determine where western monarchs go between February and May after leaving their overwintering grounds on the coast. If you see a monarch butterfly in California away from the coast between Feb-May please take a picture and upload it to iNaturalist or email it to MonarchMystery@wsu.edu with the date and location. See link above for more details.
Feb 2020. Joseph Hoyt's paper on the global drivers of transmission dynamics and impacts of white-nose syndrome on bats is accepted by PNAS. Congrats Joe! See Publications page for details.
Jan 2020. Former graduate student Joseph Hoyt started a new position as a tenure-track faculty member at Virginia Tech in the Biology Dept. Congratulations Joe! Well deserved!
November 2019. Research led by Katherine McClure on the role of native and introduced species in avian malaria transmission in Hawaii is accepted by Ecology. Congrats Katherine! See Publications page for details.
October 2019. Research led by Luz de Wit on soil contamination with Toxoplasma gondii in public parks and gardens is accepted by Zoonoses and Public Health. Congrats Luz! See Publications page for details.
September 2019. Matt Montgomery and Nikka Malakooti join the lab as PhD students. Welcome Nikka and Matt! See Lab Members page.
September 2019. The Journal of Medical entomology has published an open access special issue on the 20th anniversary of West Nile virus being introduced into North America. I contributed to two articles in the special issue (see Publications page papers 105 &106).
May 2019. Our paper, led by Joe Hoyt, describing the results of the first field trial of a treatment to reduce the impacts of white-nose syndrome on bats is accepted for publication in Scientific Reports. See Publications page for details.
April 2019. An interview I did with a reporter from California Healthline on weather impacts on West Nile virus was published in the LA Times. See Publications page #91 (Paull, et al., Kilpatrick 2016 Proceedings B) for the paper the interview stemmed from.
April 2019. We just received word that a $3M grant proposal we submitted to NSF/NIH's ecology and evolution of infectious disease panel was recommended for funding. It's a collaboration led by Dr. Kate Langwig and Joe Hoyt from Virginia Tech, Beth Shapiro and I from UCSC, Jeff Foster from N. Arizona, and colleagues from Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China (Keping Sun, Jiang Feng). The proposed work aims to understand the mechanisms of persistence of bat populations with white-nose syndrome across the globe. Congrats to the team!
March 2019. Our study on risks for exposure and drivers of transmission of Nipah virus in Bangladesh is accepted by the New England Journal of Medicine. See Publications page for details.
January 2019. An article in Scientific American came out that includes comments from an interview I did about the prospects for controlling Lyme disease by vaccinating mice. This story follows from a paper we published in 2017. See Publications page paper number 88 for details.
December 2018. Tina Cheng's paper on changes in fat stores of bats impacted by white-nose syndrome was accepted by J. of Animal Ecology. Congrats Tina! See Publications page for details.
November 2018. Luz de Wit's paper on drivers of Toxoplasmosis exposure in island communities in Mexico, including cat density, sex, age, and diet, was accepted by PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. Congrats Luz! It is Publication #100! See Publications page for details.
November 2018: Joseph Hoyt's paper on the importance of indirect and infrequent contacts is published by Nature. Congratulations Joe! See Publications page #99 for details.
September 2018: Christa Seidl joins the Kilpatrick lab as a PhD Student. Welcome Christa!
August 2018: Joseph Hoyt's paper on the importance of indirect and infrequent contacts is accepted by Nature. Congratulations Joe! See Publications page for details.
July 2018: Katherine McClure's paper on the effects of land use and larval habitat on the abundance of Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes is published by the Journal of Medical Entomology. Congrats Katherine! See Publications page for details.
May 2018. We did two interviews with the NY Times and Wired commenting on a report published by the CDC showing a tripling of reported vector-borne diseases. It was a great chance to try (with only partial success) to counter the poorly supported dogma claiming that increases in vector-borne disease are caused by increased temperatures. Our paper (see Publications page, #91) led by former post-doc Sara Paull showed that drought is far more important than temperature in yearly West Nile virus incidence, and that human immunity from previous transmission is even more important still!
March 2018. Tony Kovach's paper on the influence of rice cultivation on West Nile virus incidence in the USA is accepted for publication by the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Congrats Tony! See Publications page for details.
November 2017. Our grant proposal to Australia's Research Council using integral projection models (Publication #80 on Publications page) to examine disease dynamics of endangered frogs in Australia was funded! The team includes Hamish McCallum, Cherie Briggs, Laura Grogan, and David Newell. I'm looking forward to going to Australia!
October 2017. Joe Hoyt defends his PhD and becomes Dr. Hoyt. Congrats Joe! He is now a Research Scientist at Virginia Tech.
September 2017. Tina Cheng defends her PhD and becomes Dr. Cheng. Congrats Tina! She is now a post-doc with Bat Conservation International.
September 2017. Katherine McClure defends her PhD and becomes Dr. McClure. Congrats Katherine! She is now a post-doc at Colorado State.
September 2017. Our paper on the spatial patterns and drivers of Nipah virus epidemics in Bangladesh is published in Emerging Infectious Diseases! See the Publications page.
April 2017. Two of our papers were published this month in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. The first lays out the research that is needed to make conservation an effective public health tool. The second paper is co-authored by more than a dozen Lyme disease experts and synthesizes four decades of research on Lyme disease ecology in an effort to outline areas of concensus, and gaps in our knowledge that we need to fill to control this important disease. The Lyme disease paper was covered by the popular press including Self Magazine and Science Daily. See the Publications page for both papers and links.
April 2017. In a first, we were asked, for a story by the San Jose Mercury News, to make a prediction about the intensity of West Nile virus this summer, given the extremely wet winter we just had. We published a paper earlier this year (led by Sara Paull) showing that the strongest climatic driver of West Nile virus epidemics was drought. Thus, we predicted that this would not be an especially intense year for West Nile virus in California. We will find out if we are correct in the next 4 months!
March 2017. Luz de Wit's paper that builds predictive models to facilitate estimating the public health burdens on islands of diseases carried by introduced mammals was Published in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene – the core journal of the global public health community. Congrats Luz! See Publications page for details.
March 2017. Our grant with Dina Fonseca, Rob Fleischer, Jeff Foster, Nina Fefferman, Eben Paxton and Lauren Sackett, and to study the co-evolution of mosquitoes, birds and avian malaria in Hawaii was recommended for funding by NSF for $2.5M! On to Hawaii!
February 2017. Our paper led by Sara Paull showing that drought and immunity determine the intensity of yearly West Nile virus epidemics was published in Proc. Royal Soc. B and covered by the popular press including NPR, BBC, Reuters, and US News World Report! Congrats to Sara! See the Publications page.
January 2017. Our paper outlining the steps needed to develop biodiversity conservation as a public health strategy was accepted by Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. See Publications page for details!
January 2017. Kate Langwig's paper on the development of resistance by bats is published by Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B and is covered by the Associated Press. See Publications page for details!
January 2017. Our paper led by Sara Paull examining the drivers of yearly West Nile virus epidemics in North America was accepted by Proc. Royal Soc. B! Congrats to Sara! This paper is the culmination of many years of hard work! See the Publications page.
December 2016. Our paper with Ilia Rochlin, Ary Faraj, Chris Barker, and Dominick V. Ninivaggi examining the impacts of climate, DDT and land use on mosquito populations over the last century is published by Nature Communications, and covered by the popular press including print (e.g. MSNBC), and radio (KCBS, KPCC). See Publications page for the paper and more details.
December 2016. Our paper describing the infection dynamics during the continental invasion and establishment of white-nose syndrome is accepted by Ecology.See Publications page for details.
October 2016. Our paper on bat skin microbiomes was published in Frontiers in Microbiology. See Publications page for details.
October 2016. Luz de Wit's paper that builds predictive models to facilitate estimating the public health burdens on islands of diseases carried by introduced mammals was accepted by the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene – the core journal of the global public health community. Congrats Luz! See Publications page for details.
October 2016. Our paper on bat skin microbiomes was accepted by Frontiers in Microbiology. See Publications page for details.
September 2016. Our Lyme disease ecology synthesis paper was accepted by Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. In this paper we try to bridge the divide that has created so much animosity in Lyme disease research. See Publications page for details.
August 2016. Our paper with Ilia Rochlin, Ary Faraj, Chris Barker, and Dominick V. Ninivaggi examining the impacts of climate, DDT and land use on mosquito populations over the last century is accepted by Nature Communications. See Publications page for details.
July 2016. Our proposal to Bat Conservation International and the Nature Conservancy to test a treatment to reduce the environmental reservoir for the fungus causing white-nose syndrome was funded! Congrats to the whole team – Joe Hoyt, Kate Langwig, Jeff Foster, Katy Parise, Paul White, Bill Scullon, and John DePue!
July 2016. Jordan Ruybal passes her PhD Defense. Just one more hurdle – her public talk on Monday, 8/1/16 – and then she will be Dr. Ruybal! Congrats Jordan!
July 2016. Kate Langwig's paper on the development of resistance by bats is accepted by Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B and will be published as a part of a special issue on how humans cause evolutionary change in other organisms! Congrats Kate! See Publications page for details!
July 2016. Tina Cheng's paper describing a lab trial testing a probiotic treatment for white-nose syndrome was accepted by Journal of Applied Ecology. Congrats Tina! See Publications page for details!
July 2016. The US FWS White Nose Syndrome Strategic Vision document was just released that built heavily on our paper "Context-dependent conservation responses to emerging wildlife diseases", led by Kate Langwig. It is an exciting example of science being used to guide policy in a very real way. See Publications page #70 for the paper!
July 2016. Kate Langwig's final dissertation chapter on the factors determining differences in impacts of white-nose syndrome on different bat species was accepted by Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B and will be published as a part of a special issue on fungal diseases! Congrats Kate! See Publications page for details!
March, 2016. Joe Hoyt and Kate Langwig's paper examining how Asian bats are persisting with white-nose syndrome is published by Proceedings of the Royal Society B, and covered by BBC, Discovery, and the Scientist. See Publications page for the paper and news coverage.
March 2016. Jordan Ruybal's paper on spatial variation in mosquito life history traits published in Parasites & Vectors. Congrats to Jordan! See Publications page for the paper.
March 2016. Liam McGuire's paper comparing different methods for assessing white-nose syndrome disease severity. See Publications page for more details.
March, 2016. Mark Wilber's paper on using integral projection models (IPM) to model disease dynamics accepted at Methods in Ecology and Evolution. See Publications page for more details.
February, 2016. Jordan Ruybal's paper quantifying spatial variation in temperature – life history relationships for Culex pipiens mosquitoes is accepted by Parasites and Vectors! Congrats to Jordan. See Publications page for more details.
January, 2016. Joe Hoyt and Kate Langwig's paper examining how Asian bats are persisting with white-nose syndrome is accepted by Proceedings of the Royal Society B. Congrats to Joe and Kate! See Publications page for more details.
December, 2015. The Switzer Foundation makes a formal announcement of the 2015 Fellows, including Joe Hoyt! They even created a very slick webpage for him here. Congratulations to Joe!
November, 2015. Taal Levi's paper on how predators determine the impact of resource pulses on prey populations is finally published in Oikos. See Publications page, #68!
November, 2015. Joe Hoyt's paper describing his discovery of the fungus that causes white-nose syndrome in Asia is published by Emerging Infectious Diseases! See Publications page for the paper, which was covered by Newsweek and other press outlets.
September 24, 2015. Joe Hoyt's paper on a top secret topic is accepted by Emerging Infectious Diseases! Stay tuned for more details.
July 2015. Bat Conservation International and the Nature Conservancy fund our grant proposal to perform a field trial to test the probiotic bacteria our lab has been developing to reduce the impacts of white-nose syndrome on bats. See Publications page for a paper led by Joe Hoyt in PLoS One in 2015 that describes some of this work.
May 2015. NSF funds a small grant ($130K) to study the co-evolution of the hosts, vectors, and pathogen of avian malaria in Hawaii. The PIs are Dina Fonseca, Rob Fleischer, Marm Kilpatrick, Nina Fefferman, and Eben Paxton.
May 2015. Kate Langwig successfully defends her PhD! Kate is heading to Harvard to do a post-doc with Marc Lipsitch. Congrats Kate!
May 2015. Joe Hoyt appears on Science Radio show Quirks and Quarks to talk about his research and paper on using probiotic bacteria to reduce impacts of white-nose syndrome on bats. See Publications page for this and other press stories on this research. Congrats Joe!
May, 2015. Our lab's paper on the invasion of white-nose syndrome is published online in Emerging Infectious Diseases! See Publications page.
May 2015. Joe Hoyt awarded a Switzer Fellowship! Congrats Joe!!!!
May, 2015. Our paper on how to manage emerging wildlife diseases is out in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. The paper is a product of an NCEAS working group I organized with Jamie Voyles and Cherie Briggs. See Publications page for a pdf!
April, 2015. Joe's paper on developing a probiotic to reduce white-nose syndrome impacts on bats was published in PLoS One and will be featured on an upcoming Quirks and Quarks show. It was also covered by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Discovery News, Earthweek: A Diary of the Planet, and other sources. Congrats to Joe! See Publications page for a pdf!
March 12, 2015. Kate and Joe's paper on the invasion dynamics of white-nose syndrome accepted by Emerging Infectious Diseases. Congrats to Kate and Joe! See Publications page!
Feb 15, 2015. Joe's paper on developing a probiotic to reduce white-nose syndrome impacts on bats accepted by PLoS One. Congrats to Joe! See Publications page!
January 30, 2015. Fred's paper in Global Ecology and Biogeography published online! See Publications page!
January 16, 2015. Sam's paper on siderophores accepted at PLoS One. Congrats to co-authors Tina and Fred! See Publications page!
December 12, 2014. Kate's paper published online in Proceedings of the Royal Society B. See Publications page!
October 24, 2014. Our lab had four papers accepted this week including papers in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, PNAS, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Global Ecology and Biogeography! Congrats to Kate Langwig, Winifred Frick, Joe Hoyt, and Tina Cheng! See Publications page!
September, 2014: Joe Hoyt's paper published online in Ecohealth: Long-term persistence of Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causative agent of white-nose syndrome, in the absence of bats. See Publications page for pdf. Congrats to Joe!
September, 2014: Will Janousek's paper published on how bird roosting behavior influences contact with biting mosquitoes published in Parasites & Vectors. See the Publications page for pdf!
June, 2014: Joe Hoyt Goes to China to search for the fungus causing white-nose syndrome in bats.


As the guerrilla war against Iraqi insurgents intensifies, American soldiers have begun wrapping entire villages in barbed wire.
The Americans embarked on their get-tough strategy in early November, goaded by what proved to be the deadliest month yet for American forces in Iraq, with 81 soldiers killed by hostile fire. The response they chose is beginning to echo the Israeli counterinsurgency campaign in the occupied territories.
So far, the new approach appears to be succeeding in diminishing the threat to American soldiers. But it appears to be coming at the cost of alienating many of the people the Americans are trying to win over. Abu Hishma is quiet now, but it is angry, too.
In Abu Hishma, encased in a razor-wire fence after repeated attacks on American troops, Iraqi civilians line up to go in and out, filing through an American-guarded checkpoint, each carrying an identification card printed in English only.
The Iraqis nodded and edged their cars through the line. Over to one side, an Iraqi man named Tariq muttered in anger.
The practice of destroying buildings where Iraqi insurgents are suspected of planning or mounting attacks has been used for decades by Israeli soldiers in Gaza and the West Bank. The Israeli Army has also imprisoned the relatives of suspected terrorists, in the hopes of pressing the suspects to surrender.
The Israeli military has also cordoned off villages and towns thought to be hotbeds of guerrilla activity, in an effort to control the flow of people moving in and out.
American officials say they are not purposefully mimicking Israeli tactics, but they acknowledge that they have studied closely the Israeli experience in urban fighting. Ahead of the war, Israeli defense experts briefed American commanders on their experience in guerrilla and urban warfare. The Americans say there are no Israeli military advisers helping the Americans in Iraq.
Writing in the July issue of Army magazine, an American brigadier general said American officers had recently traveled to Israel to hear about lessons learned from recent fighting there.
''Experience continues to teach us many lessons, and we continue to evaluate and address those lessons, embedding and incorporating them appropriately into our concepts, doctrine and training,'' Brig. Gen. Michael A. Vane wrote. ''For example, we recently traveled to Israel to glean lessons learned from their counterterrorist operations in urban areas.'' General Vane is deputy chief of staff for doctrine concepts and strategy, at the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command.
American officers here say their new hard-nosed approach reflects a more realistic appreciation of the military and political realities faced by soldiers in the so-called Sunni triangle, the area north and west of Baghdad that is generating the most violence against the Americans.
Underlying the new strategy, the Americans say, is the conviction that only a tougher approach will quell the insurgency and that the new strategy must punish not only the guerrillas but also make clear to ordinary Iraqis the cost of not cooperating.
Lt. Gen. Ricardo Sanchez, the top military commander in Iraq, announced the get-tough strategy in early November. After the announcement, some American officers warned that the scenes that would follow would not be pretty.
Speaking today in Baghdad, General Sanchez said attacks on allied forces or gunfights with adversaries across Iraq had dropped to under 20 a day from 40 a day two weeks ago.
In that way, the new American approach seems to share the successes of the Israeli military, at least in the short term; Israeli officers contend that their strategy regularly stops catastrophes like suicide bombings from taking place.
''If you do nothing, they will just get stronger,'' said Martin van Creveld, professor of military history and strategy at Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He briefed American marines on Israeli tactics in urban warfare in September.
The problems in Abu Hishma, a town of 7,000, began in October, when the American military across the Sunni triangle decided to ease off on their military operations to coincide with the onset of the Islamic holy month of Ramadan.
In Abu Hishma, as in other towns, the backing off by the Americans was not reciprocated by the insurgents. American troops regularly came under mortar fire, often traced to the surrounding orchards.
Meanwhile, the number of bombs planted on nearby roads rose sharply. Army convoys regularly took fire from a house a few miles away from the village.
The last straw for the Americans came on Nov. 17, when a group of guerrillas fired a rocket-propelled grenade into the front of a Bradley armored personnel carrier. The grenade, with an armored piercing tip, punched through the Bradley's shell and killed Staff Sgt. Dale Panchot, one of its crewmen.
The grenade went straight into the sergeant's chest. With the Bradley still smoldering, the soldiers of the First Battalion, Eighth Infantry, part of the Fourth Infantry Division, surrounded Abu Hishma and searched for the guerrillas. Soldiers began encasing the town in razor wire.
The next day, an American jet dropped a 500-bomb on the house that had been used to attack them. The Americans arrested eight sheiks, the mayor, the police chief and most members of the city council. ''We really hammered the place,'' Maj. Darron Wright said.
Two and a half weeks later, the town of Abu Hishma is enclosed in a barbed-wire fence that stretches for five miles. Men ages 18 to 65 have been ordered to get identification cards. There is only way into the town and one way out.
American forces have used the tactic in other cities, including Awja, the birthplace of Saddam Hussein. American forces also sealed off three towns in western Iraq for several days.
''With a heavy dose of fear and violence, and a lot of money for projects, I think we can convince these people that we are here to help them,'' Colonel Sassaman said.
The bombing of the house, about a mile outside the barbed wire, is another tactic that echoes those of the Israeli Army. In Iraq, the Americans have bulldozed, bombed or otherwise rendered useless a number of buildings which they determined were harboring guerrillas.
In Tikrit, residents pointed out a home they said had been bulldozed by American tanks. The occupants had already left, they said.
''I watched the Americans flatten that house,'' said Abdullah al-Ajili, who lives down the road.
American officers acknowledge that they have destroyed buildings around Tikrit. In a recent news conference, General Sanchez explained the strategy but ignored a question about parallels to the Israeli experience.
In Abu Hishma, residents complain that the village is locked down for 15 hours a day, meaning that they are unable to go to the mosque for morning and evening prayers. They say the curfew does not allow them time to stand in the daylong lines for gasoline and get home before the gate closes for the night.
But mostly, it is a loss of dignity that the villagers talk about. For each identification card, every Iraqi man is assigned a number, which he must hold up when he poses for his mug shot. The card identifies his age and type of car. It is all in English.
Colonel Sassaman said he would maintain the wire enclosure until the villagers turned over the six men who killed Sergeant Panchot, though he acknowledged they may have slipped far away.
Colonel Sassaman is feared by many of Abu Hishma's villagers, who hold him responsible for the searches and razor wire around the town. But some said they understood what a difficult job he had, trying to pick out a few bad men from a village of 7,000 people.
''Colonel Sassaman, you should come and live in this village and be a sheik,'' Hassan Ali al-Tai told the colonel outside the checkpoint.
The colonel smiled, and Mr. Tai turned to another visitor.


Enjoy resort style living in this luxury community built by Toll Brothers in 2007. Beautiful one bedroom condo is located next to the community green in Villas at Lundy and features living room with fireplace, balcony overlooking park, kitchen with breakfast bar, granite counters and stainless steel appliances. Step upstairs find spacious master suite with dormer windows, walk-in closet and master bath with double sink, Jacuzzi soaking tub and separate shower. Theres also a laundry room with washer and dryer and a bonus loft area that can be used for office, exercise area or babys room. Attached one car garage and street parking. Resort style living with many amenities in the community including clubhouse, pool and BBQ area, fitness room, childrens ground, basketball court, park and more! Conveniently located near restaurants and shopping. Easy commute to high tech firms, Hwy 880 & 680 and the new BART station slated to open later this year.


Dodgers Blue Heaven: Rangers Series Starts Tuesday - Stadium Giveaways, Pregame Info and Other Stuff!
The first 40,000 fans will receive an 60th Anniversary Collector's Card Set that features the 90's.
It is Filipino Night at Dodger Stadium. Folks who ordered a special ticket package will get an exclusive Dodgers' Filipino Night cap. See that on the right. This event is already sold out.
The first 40,000 fans will receive a Dodgers Beach Towel. See it on the right.
UPDATE: The Los Angeles Dodgers will welcome the University of Southern California's 4x400 meter relay team of Kendall Ellis, Kyra Constantine, Anna Cockrell and Deanna Hill for a ceremonial first pitch tomorrow at Dodger Stadium. The team won the 4x400 meter relay Saturday with a time of 3:27.06 to clinch both the individual event championship and the NCAA championship for the USC Women's Track team on the strength of Ellis' incredible anchor leg of 50.05 to overtake Purdue at a photo finish.


text:
The Craziest Ad Guys In America
12 May The Craziest Ad Guys In America
I just read this story in Business week, recalling the Burger King guy, which I deplore. My account assistant says, "He scares me, but I think it's brilliant marketing." But the Fast campaign, I absolutely love. I want one of those little dolls. Following that campaign with the "VDUBLU" campaing was a miss for me. It seemed silly, rather than intelligent and sophisticated.
It seems the Rabbit is coming back. Unlike the iconic Beetle, I don't remember the Rabbit or much about it. At the ripe young age of 33, I was only a year old when it debuted. It's pedestrian design was rather unremarkable for VW, so I'm thinking bringing that brand back will not create a bounce for VW.
Regardless, my neighbors in south Florida are killing it. Too bad we can't get them to appear at our AIGA conference.
Here's a snippet of the article:
Inside Crispin Porter + Bogusky's wacky, ambitious plan to rekindle our love affair with Volkswagen
Remember the Volkswagen Rabbit? The boxy, fuel-efficient hatchback was launched in 1974 to replace the legendary Beetle as the company's big seller and was the first VW made in the U.S. It also became known for catching fire and breaking down, and thus became the symbol of VW's collapse in America through the 1980s. At the insistence of VW's German parent, the Rabbit name was killed in 1985, and the Westmoreland (Pa.) assembly plant was shuttered soon after.
So it was audacious indeed when Alex Bogusky, chief creative officer of Crispin Porter + Bogusky, which took over the VW advertising account last December, suggested resurrecting the Rabbit name. In a Mar. 20 meeting at the Auburn Hills (Mich.) headquarters of VW of America, with company brass and two members of its dealer council, Bogusky reasoned that the redesigned Golf launching in the U.S. this year had already been selling in Europe for two years, so auto writers probably wouldn't pay much attention to the stateside debut. "So let's change the story," offered the 42-year-old ad director before the assembled group. Nervous laughter followed. VW supervisory board Chairman Ferdinand K. Piëch, known for his bad temper and for insisting that VW have global model names, was certain to disapprove. But VW's U.S. chief, Adrian M. Hallmark, bought in and took the idea to the carmaker's German headquarters in Wolfsburg on Mar. 25. Worldwide brand chief Wolfgang Bernhard said yes, and ordered new signs, photography, and press releases to be rushed for the New York International Auto Show on Apr. 12, despite whispers that Piëch, already gunning for Bernhard's boss, management board Chairman Bernd Pischetsrieder, was unhappy.
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text:
The Training of a Fragile Memory
Media InstallationCo-created by Mark Alice Durant & Jeanne C. Finley
New Museum of Contemporary Art 1993
The Training of a Fragile Memory explores how words and pictures serve as the glue, the mystification, the validation of seemingly contradictory points of view and create the matrix for personal and public experience. Imagery and language confront our memory, fusing with it, twisting it and redirecting it. Through a combination of photographs, video and text this installation serves as a site of reading and contemplation about experience which has been induced by social narratives, yet redefined by individual ideals and memory.
A velvet-covered magenta bench along one wall opposes 6 unfinished straight-back wooden chairs situated against the opposing wall. Behind each chair, a single photograph of a tiny sailboat constructed out of twigs, twine and newsprint, floating in a bucket hangs on the wall. The newspaper publication hangs on library newspaper holders which are mounted on the wall referencing flags and emblems. The viewer is invited to participate in the site by taking a newspaper and sitting in one of the chairs or on the bench. The newspaper publication is the foundation of the exhibition and its design is based on the striking similarities between the design aesthetics predominant in Soviet and American journals from the 1930's which suggest times of great ideological optimism that crumble into dogma and intolerance. Image and linguistic motifs that are presented in the newspaper are echoed in the video and photographs.
Mounted above the bench will a large monitor showing a videotape of sometimes pastoral, sometimes ominous images that create an atmosphere of portent. There is a feeling that something is about to happen, yet in fact nothing specific occurs. Some of the images include a fisherman slowly casting his nets; a mechanical arm waving a flag; a cluster of moths, brightly illuminated at night hovering around a generic public statue.
Narrative is humanity's basic device for keeping chaos at bay, it is a compromise we make in the attempt to hold our individual and cultural psyches together. But it is the seamlessness of personal and historical narrative that continues to obscure the turbulence and chaos that is at the heart of many events and perhaps at the heart of ourselves. This exhibition will serves as an elusive document to the ephemeral shifts in power between a government and its people, between nation and nation, between the document and the documented, between our training for stability and the fragility of our memory.
In June, 1992, Artist's Space in New York was awarded a Special Exhibitions Grant by the National Endowment for the Arts to develop and exhibit a new collaborative installation by artists Mark Alice Durant and Jeanne C. Finley entitled The Training of a Fragile Memory.
River Image
Photograph Image
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