text:
Dr. Julien Lumeau
Research Scientist/Head of Thin Film Research Team at Institut Fresnel
SPIE Involvement:
Proceedings Article | 12 July 2019
Broadband antireflection coatings for visible and infrared ranges
F. Lemarquis, T. Begou, J. Ruscica, D. Turover, J. Lumeau
Proc. SPIE. 11180, International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2018
KEYWORDS: Refractive index, Antireflective coatings, Visible radiation, Silica, Reflection, Glasses, Optical coatings, Zinc, Infrared radiation, Niobium
Read Abstract +
Antireflection coatings are among the most common and spread optical coatings that are used in every optical system in order to decrease losses and prevent shadow images. For space applications, they are critical elements which specifications will highly influence the overall optical systems performances. Despite the very wide range of developments that have been carried out over the past thirty years, the production of broadband antireflection coatings for visible and infrared ranges remains a challenge. In this paper, we will present some recent results based on thin film technology for the production of antireflection coatings dedicated to visible, near-IR and mid-IR spectral ranges. We will first present broadband antireflection coatings for [400-1100] nm spectral range We will present two type of coatings, one for normal and one for oblique incidence. Experimental demonstration by plasma assisted reactive magnetron sputtering using a Bühler HELIOS machine will be presented. We will then show antireflection coatings covering the [1.5-15] μm range. Experimental demonstration and limitation will be presented.
Linearly variable filters fabricated by magnetron sputtering technology
Thomas Bégou, Frédéric Lemarquis, Antonin Moreau, Fabien Lemarchand, Holger Reus, Detlef Arhilger, Harro Hagedorn, Julien Lumeau
KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Refractive index, Imaging systems, Sputter deposition, Linear filtering, Image filtering, Niobium, Camera shutters, Plasma, Bandpass filters
Variable filters, which central wavelength of the bandpass shifts along one dimension of the component, is a promising way to simplify and to miniaturize imaging spectrophotometer systems for spatial observation. In fact, by combining a dispersive element and a variable filter, it is possible to realize a spectral and a spatial filtering based on pushbroom technique. While there were numerous methods developed in order to produce variable filters, at this date, there is no simple, reliable and repeatable method. In this paper, we present a new method for the fabrication of variable filters based on plasma assisted reactive magnetron sputtering (PARMS).

Variable filters are obtained upon the variation of the thickness of some or all the layers deposited on the substrate. The layers are deposited using a Bühler HELIOS machine in order to benefit from the high stability of the deposition process. To insure a non-uniformity of the deposited layers, adapted masks are placed in front of the targets for the low and high refractive index materials. The uniformity of these layers is measured via a custom set-up allowing a local measurement of the transmission to perform a mapping of the transmission over the whole component aperture.

In this paper, we present the fabrication of layers and filters with variable thickness. Various types of thickness gradients are presented.
Proceedings Article | 27 June 2018
Hyperbolic metamaterials based on metal-dielectric thin layers
Elena Mikheeva, Redha Abdeddaim, Stefan Enoch, Jérôme Wenger, Fabien Lemarchand, Antonin Moreau, Ivan Voznyuk, Julien Lumeau
Proc. SPIE. 10691, Advances in Optical Thin Films VI
KEYWORDS: Gold, Metamaterials, Thin films, Refractive index, Metals, Luminescence, Molecules, Dielectrics, Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, Niobium
Metamaterials are artificial structures consisting of periodic sub-wavelength elements, they produce a particular electromagnetic response which often cannot be obtained from conventional media. One class of metamaterials called hyperbolic metamaterials (HMM) is widely studied nowadays due to their various applications such as subwavelength imaging and local density of states engineering.1 In this work, HMM consisting of alternating gold, copper, and niobium pentoxide layers was designed and fabricated with plasma assisted electron beam deposition technique. For the accurate description of this material opto-geometrical parameters of thin layers composing it were determined separately using reflection and transmission measurements. Afterward, the produced material was structured using focused ion beam milling and its influence on the Alexa Fluor 647 biomolecules spontaneous emission was studied experimentally with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and time-correlated single photon counting techniques. Combining these techniques enable the measurement of the fluorescence lifetime reduction together with the brightness enhancement per molecule. The same measurements were previously done for the structured gold films3 which let us compare the results. HMM has shown significant emission enhancement compatible with the one produced by a single gold aperture which is known for its good plasmonic properties.
Proceedings Article | 5 June 2018
Nonlinear optical thin films for super-resolved direct laser writing
C. Moisset, A. Bourgade, F. Liu, C. Perrin, J. Lumeau, H. Akhouayri, J.-Y. Natoli, K. Iliopoulos
KEYWORDS: Thin films, Nonlinear optics, Saturable absorption
The diffraction limit is one of the main difficulties in order to achieve nano-resolution. An evolution in this domain can allow a significant advance in the field of photonic circuit fabrication. Surpassing the diffraction limit can be achieved by employing significant optical nonlinearities (nonlinear refraction and/or nonlinear absorption). In this direction we investigate the nonlinear absorption efficiency of annealed Sb2Te3 chalcogenide thin films (20 nm thickness). The studies have been performed using the Z-scan technique, employing 11 ns duration pulses at 1064 nm. The Z-scan technique has been chosen as it allows the simultaneous determination of the nonlinear refraction and the nonlinear absorption of a material, under certain conditions. Our results indicate a significant nonlinear absorption, while the nonlinear refraction is at least one order of magnitude lower. The nonlinear absorption parameter has been found to be in the order of -10-3 m/W under infrared irradiation showing the importance of the prepared materials for laser photoinscription applications. Our values are compared with previous studies, which have been carried out in the visible part of the spectrum. The possibility to perform photonic component fabrication by local modification of the linear or the nonlinear properties of the materials is also discussed.
Proceedings Article | 17 November 2017
Optical filters for UV to near IR space applications
T. Begou, H. Krol, Christophe Hecquet, C. Bondet, J. Lumeau, C. Grèzes-Besset, M. Lequime
KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Refractive index, Sputter deposition, Glasses, Ultraviolet radiation, Light scattering, Niobium, Astronomical imaging, Optical filtering, Plasma
We present hereafter the results on the fabrication of complex optical filters within the Institut Fresnel in close collaboration with CILAS. Bandpass optical filters dedicated to astronomy and space applications, with central wavelengths ranging from ultraviolet to near infrared, were deposited on both sides of glass substrates with performances in very good congruence with theoretical designs. For these applications, the required functions are particularly complex as they must present a very narrow bandwidth as well as a high level of rejection over a broad spectral range. In addition to those severe optical performances, insensitivity to environmental conditions is necessary. For this purpose, robust solutions with particularly stable performances have to be proposed.
Complex pixelated optical filters
Michel Lequime, Laëtitia Abel-Tibérini, Julien Lumeau, Karine Gasc, Jacques Berthon
KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Optical spheres, Cameras, Interference filters, CCD cameras, Photoresist materials, Image filtering, Spectral resolution, Astronomical imaging, Bandpass filters
Multispectral or hyperspectral images allow acquiring new information that could not be acquired using colored images and, for example, identifying chemical species on an observed scene using specific highly selective filters.
Proceedings Article | 25 September 2017
Mechanical stress in dielectric mirrors: towards a fine control of the flatness
Thomas Begou, Julien Lumeau
KEYWORDS: Optical components, Refractive index, Mirrors, Data modeling, Sputter deposition, Niobium, Astronomical imaging, Dielectric mirrors, Statistical modeling, Plasma
Today, the demand on flat optical components with specification on final surface flatness that must be smaller than ?/20 or ?/30 peak to valley, for various applications including linear accelerators [1,2], space applications [3]…, needs an accurate knowledge on the mechanical stress induced in thin films. In order to design correctly stacks of thin films on both side of a substrate and achieve perfect stress compensation, it is thus obvious that the first step is to precisely characterize the stress in single layers.
New approaches for the design and the fabrication of pixelated filters
J. Lumeau, F. Lemarquis, T. Begou, K. Mathieu, I. Savin De Larclause, J. Berthon
KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Thin films, Optical filters, Refractive index, Mirrors, Glasses, Linear filtering, Astronomical imaging, Plasma, Bandpass filters
Multispectral or hyperspectral images allow acquiring new information that could not be acquired using colored images and, for example, identifying chemical species on an observed scene using specific highly selective thin film filters. Those images are commonly used in numerous fields, e.g. in agriculture or homeland security and are of prime interest for imaging systems for onboard scientific applications (e.g. for planetology).
Proceedings Article | 12 October 2015
Pixelated filters for spatial imaging
Karine Mathieu, Michel Lequime, Julien Lumeau, Laetitia Abel-Tiberini, Isabelle Savin De Larclause, Jacques Berthon
Proc. SPIE. 9633, Optifab 2015
KEYWORDS: Thin films, Optical filters, Optical lithography, Spatial filters, Sensors, Coating, Manufacturing, Image filtering, Deposition processes, Prototyping
Small satellites are often used by spatial agencies to meet scientific spatial mission requirements. Their payloads are composed of various instruments collecting an increasing amount of data, as well as respecting the growing constraints relative to volume and mass; So small-sized integrated camera have taken a favored place among these instruments. To ensure scene specific color information sensing, pixelated filters seem to be more attractive than filter wheels. The work presented here, in collaboration with Institut Fresnel, deals with the manufacturing of this kind of component, based on thin film technologies and photolithography processes. CCD detectors with a pixel pitch about 30 μm were considered. In the configuration where the matrix filters are positioned the closest to the detector, the matrix filters are composed of 2x2 macro pixels (e.g. 4 filters). These 4 filters have a bandwidth about 40 nm and are respectively centered at 550, 700, 770 and 840 nm with a specific rejection rate defined on the visible spectral range [500 – 900 nm]. After an intense design step, 4 thin-film structures have been elaborated with a maximum thickness of 5 μm. A run of tests has allowed us to choose the optimal micro-structuration parameters. The 100x100 matrix filters prototypes have been successfully manufactured with lift-off and ion assisted deposition processes. High spatial and spectral characterization, with a dedicated metrology bench, showed that initial specifications and simulations were globally met. These excellent performances knock down the technological barriers for high-end integrated specific multi spectral imaging.
Proceedings Article | 2 October 2015
Analysis of energy deposition and damage mechanisms in single layer optical thin films irradiated by IR and UV femtosecond pulses
Dam Bé Douti, Laurent Gallais, Christophe Hecquet, Thomas Bégou, Julien Lumeau, Mireille Commandré
Proc. SPIE. 9627, Optical Systems Design 2015: Advances in Optical Thin Films V
KEYWORDS: Thin films, Femtosecond phenomena, Silica, Laser induced damage, Ultraviolet radiation, Ions, Ionization, Laser damage threshold, UV optics, Absorption
We report on the sub-picosecond laser-induced damage of optical thin films of different thickness made by Magnetron sputtering, Ion assisted deposition and Ion plating, and submitted to single irradiation of the first and the third harmonics of an Ytterbium laser (1030 and 343nm). Using a single rate equation approach for free electron excitation coupled with calculation of the spatial and temporal distribution of the electric field, we investigate numerically the spatial density distribution of the absorbed energy and evaluate its capacity to describe damage phenomena especially damage threshold and morphologies (damage diameter, ablation deepness). Laser-induced damage thresholds are compared for different film thicknesses and different irradiation conditions.
2×2-array pixelated optical interference filters
Michel Lequime, Laetitia Abel-Tiberini, Karine Mathieu, Jacques Berthon, Julien Lumeau
KEYWORDS: Fabrication, Optical filters, Imaging systems, Cameras, Interference filters, CCD cameras, Photoresist materials, Image filtering, Prototyping, Bandpass filters
The need for imaging systems for onboard scientific applications (e.g. for planetology) is becoming of prime interest. Today's CCD scientific cameras do not provide spectral information of the observed scene. Multi-spectral imaging therefore requires the usage of filters wheels which allow achieving the required optical performances but are a heavy and bulky solution that make them non-adapted for space missions. The goal of this work consisted in developing pixelated filters that could be directly integrated in front of an onboard CCD camera in order to provide with the required spectral information without significantly changing the volume and the weight of the whole system. In this paper, we show the first demonstration of 2×2-array pixelated optical filters with 30 × 30 μm2 pixel size. Four bandpass filters centered at 550, 700, 770 and 840 nm, about 40 nm bandwidth and rejecting in a broadband from 500 to 900 nm were designed. These filters were then fabricated by a masking technique using lift-off processes with two photoresists in order to secure sharp edges for each pixel and ion assisted deposition. Local mapping of the transmission of each pixelated filter was finally carried out with a dedicated system. Comparative measurements between witness samples and filters prototypes show that the pixelated filters have performances comparable to the witness 25 mm aperture filters. This new technology therefore paves a way to the fabrication of multispectral imagers with versatile spectral specifications.
Complex optical interference filter with stress compensation
Thomas Begou, Hélène Krol, Dragan Stojcevski, Fabien Lemarchand, Michel Lequime, Catherine Grezes-Besset, Julien Lumeau
KEYWORDS: Optical components, Optical filters, Refractive index, Light sources, Silica, Sputter deposition, Glasses, Interference filters, Optics manufacturing, Plasma
We present hereafter the results on the fabrication of complex optical filters within the Institut Fresnel in close collaboration with CILAS. Bandpass optical interference filters, with central wavelengths ranging in near ultraviolet or in the near infrared, were deposited on both sides of glass substrates with a very good congruence with theoretical designs. For these applications, the required functions are particularly complex as they must present a very narrow bandwidth as well as a high level of rejection over a broad spectral range. Moreover, in order to satisfy more and more critical specifications on flatness of the component treated on both faces, the stress induced by the different layers has to be taken in account in the filter design.

All these components were manufactured using Plasma Assisted Reactive Magnetron Sputtering (PARMS) technics offered by the HELIOS machine and monitored in real time with an OMS5000 in-situ optical monitoring, both developed by BUHLER Optics.

 Compressive mechanical stress of 364 MPa and 55 MPa respectively for SiO2 and Nb2O5 are measured, final sag of 326 nm and 13 nm, and uniformity from -0.05% to 0.10% and from -0.10% to 0.20% are obtained respectively for the two manufactured filters.
Ultra-wide range system for the spectral transmission measurement of complex optical filters
Simona Liukaityte, Michel Lequime, Myriam Zerrad, Thomas Begou, Julien Lumeau, Claude Amra
KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Beam splitters, Manufacturing, Optical testing, CCD cameras, Collimators, Transmittance, Absorbance, Optics manufacturing, Camera shutters
This paper is devoted to the presentation of a new spectrophotometric system that allows us for the accurate measurement of the transmission of thin-film filters over an ultra-wide optical density range (from 0 to 11) between 400 nm and 1000 nm. After a detailed description of its structure, we define the transmission range reachable to this set-up and we quantify the influence of the spectral profile of the source on this critical feature. A qualification of this bench, including a determination of its noise floor, is performed on a dedicated band- pass filter manufactured by Institut Fresnel, and we conclude by the presentation of results of ultra-wide range transmission measurements achieved on commercially available filters (long-pass, short-pass, and notch).
Volume phase elements in chalcogenide (Ge33As12Se55) thin films
Alexandre Joërg, Michel Lequime, Julien Lumeau
KEYWORDS: Thin films, Diffraction, Refractive index, Gaussian beams, Diffractive optical elements, Chalcogenides, Semiconductor lasers, Beam shaping, Digital micromirror devices, Binary data
Recording of binary volumetric diffractive optical elements within a 13 μm thick photosensitive chalcogenide layer using an innovative exposure set-up based on digital micro-mirrors devices is demonstrated. Different examples of beam transformations are shown such as the conversion of Gaussian beam into higher order modes or top-hat beam shapers.
SPIE Journal Paper | 6 February 2014
Volume-chirped Bragg gratings: monolithic components for stretching and compression of ultrashort laser pulses
Leonid Glebov, Vadim Smirnov, Eugeniu Rotari, Ion Cohanoschi, Larissa Glebova, Oleg Smolski, Julien Lumeau, Christopher Lantigua, Alexei Glebov
OE Vol. 53 Issue 05
KEYWORDS: Fiber Bragg gratings, Diffraction, Glasses, Diffraction gratings, Refractive index, Ultrafast phenomena, Pulsed laser operation, Scattering, Modulation, Mirrors
An innovative type of optical component—a volume Bragg grating—has recently become available commercially and has found wide applications in optics and photonics due to its unusually fine spectral and angular filtering capability. Reflecting volume Bragg gratings, with the grating period gradually changing along the beam propagation direction (chirped Bragg gratings—CBGs) provide stretching and recompression of ultrashort laser pulses. CBGs, being monolithic, are robust devices that have a footprint three orders of magnitude smaller than that of a conventional Treacy compressor. CBGs recorded in photo-thermo-refractive glass can be used in the spectral range from 0.8 to 2.5 μm with the diffraction efficiency exceeding 90%, and provide stretching up to 1 ns and compression down to 200 fs for pulses with energies and average powers exceeding 1 mJ and 250 W, respectively, while keeping the recompressed beam quality M 2 <1.4 , and possibly as low as 1.1. This paper discusses fundamentals of stretching and compression by CBGs, the main parameters of the gratings including the CBG effects on the laser beam quality, and currently achievable CBG specifications.
Beam shaping by volume phase structures in photo-thermo-refractive glass
Marc SeGall, Ivan Divliansky, Daniel Ott, Julien Lumeau, Sergiy Mokhov, Boris Zeldovich, Leonid Glebov
Proc. SPIE. 8843, Laser Beam Shaping XIV
KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Monochromatic aberrations, Gaussian beams, Interferometers, Glasses, Optical vortices, Photomasks, Fresnel lenses, Spiral phase plates, Binary data
We demonstrate the recording of volume phase masks in the bulk of photo-thermo-refractive glass. Recording was produced by exposing the glass to UV radiation through binary amplitude masks. Depending on the profile of the amplitude mask either a binary volume phase mask or a grayscale phase mask may be produced. Volume phase masks have been used to generate Fresnel lenses, convert a Gaussian beam into higher order Hermite-Gauss and Laguerre-Gauss modes, to produce optical vortices, and to create aberration-correcting optical components.
Proceedings Article | 22 March 2013
Forced air cooling of volume Bragg gratings for spectral beam combination
Brian Anderson, Sergiy Kaim, George Venus, Julien Lumeau, Vadim Smirnov, Boris Zeldovich, Leonid Glebov
Proc. SPIE. 8601, Fiber Lasers X: Technology, Systems, and Applications
KEYWORDS: Cooling systems, Diffraction, Modulation, Fiber Bragg gratings, Glasses, High power lasers, Fiber lasers, Thermal effects, Optical simulations, Absorption
Volume Bragg gratings have been successfully used in spectral beam combining of high power fiber lasers with narrow channel separation and in four channel passive coherent beam combining of fiber lasers. Future application of beam combining with kilowatt level lasers requires a more detailed understanding of how to cool the gratings without hurting beam quality. Forced air cooling blown across both surfaces of the grating is both easy and cheap, but has been avoided in the past due to concerns of how the air density fluctuations will hurt beam quality. It is now shown that forced air cooling has no adverse effect on the M2 parameter due to density fluctuations in the air, and can efficiently cool VBG's such that no degradation in beam quality is seen due to thermal distortions.
Proceedings Article | 8 May 2012
Single frequency fiber laser for external volume Bragg resonator
A. Ryasnyanskiy, N. Vorobiev, V. Smirnov, J. Lumeau, L. Glebova, O. Mokhun, E. Rotari, C. Spiegelberg, A. Podvyaznyy, L. Glebov
Proc. SPIE. 8385, Sensors and Systems for Space Applications V
KEYWORDS: Fabry–Perot interferometers, Resonators, Fiber Bragg gratings, Scattering, Q switching, Glasses, Laser scattering, Q switches, Fiber lasers, Pulsed laser operation
We are reporting on a single frequency pulsed fiber laser based on extremely narrow band volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) recorded in photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass. The performance of Yb-doped fiber laser was studied in both passive and active Q-switch schemes. It is shown stable operation in both single TEM00 transverse mode and single longitudinal mode regimes. It generates pulses of 40 - 200 ns duration at a repetition rate of 10 - 100 Hz in active and 17-250 KHz in passive Q-switch configurations with a pulse energy of ~50 μJ, limited by the onset of stimulated Brillouin scattering that leads to fiber fracture.
Proceedings Article | 2 March 2012
Single resonance monolithic Fabry-Perot filters formed by volume Bragg gratings and multilayer dielectric mirrors
Julien Lumeau, Cihan Koc, Oleksiy Mokhun, Vadim Smirnov, Michel Lequime, Leonid Glebov
Proc. SPIE. 8257, Optical Components and Materials IX
KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Refractive index, Mirrors, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Silica, Fiber Bragg gratings, Reflection, Glasses, Dielectric filters, Dielectric mirrors
High efficiency reflecting volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) recorded in PTR glass plates have shown un-preceded performances that make them very good candidates for narrowband spectral filtering with sub-nanometer spectral widths. However, decreasing the bandwidth to value below 30-50 pm is very challenging as it requires increasing the thickness of the RBG to more than 15-20 mm. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new approach which is a monolithic Fabry-Perot cavity which consists from a reflecting VBG with a multilayer dielectric mirror (MDM) deposited on its surface. A VBG with a grating vector perpendicular to its surface and a MDM produce a Fabry-Perot resonator with a single transmission band inside of the reflection spectrum of the VBG. We present a theoretical description of this new class of filters that allow achieving a single ultra-narrowband resonance associated with several hundred nanometers rejection band. Then we show the methods for designing and fabricating such filter. Finally, we present the steps that we followed in order to fabricate a first prototype for 852 nm and 1062 nm region that demonstrates a 30 pm bandwidth, 90+% transmission at resonance and a good agreement with theoretical simulation.
Proceedings Article | 7 February 2012
Longitudinal mode selection in laser cavity by moiré volume Bragg grating
Daniel Ott, Vasile Rotar, Julien Lumeau, Sergiy Mokhov, Ivan Divliansky, Aleksandr Ryasnyanskiy, Nikolai Vorobiev, Vadim Smirnov, Christine Spiegelberg, Leonid Glebov
Proc. SPIE. 8236, Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XIV
KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Refractive index, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Modulation, Fiber Bragg gratings, Glasses, Laser resonators, Continuous wavelet transforms, Phase shifts, Diffraction gratings
A Fabry-Perot etalon, consisting of two π phase shifted reflecting volume Bragg gratings, is presented. These gratings are obtained as a moiré pattern resulting from sequential recording of interference patterns with different periods in photo-thermo-refractive glass and called moiré volume Bragg gratings (MVBGs). A detailed investigation of the fundamental operating principles and measurement techniques for phase shifted gratings is shown. Experimental results demonstrating a MVBG with a 15 pm bandwidth and 90% transmission at resonance are presented. The use of the MVBG for longitudinal mode selection in a laser resonator is shown.
Proceedings Article | 20 April 2010
Ultra-narrow bandpass filters based on volume Bragg grating technologies
Julien Lumeau, Vadim Smirnov, Alexei Glebov, Leonid Glebov
Proc. SPIE. 7675, Photonics in the Transportation Industry: Auto to Aerospace III
KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Optical filters, Refractive index, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Modulation, Fiber Bragg gratings, Glasses, Linear filtering, Signal detection, Bandpass filters
Free space optical communication between movable platforms, especially communication with non-cooperative targets, requires detecting low intensity signals in conditions of multiple sources of contaminating signals. In this paper, we review recent achievements in ultra-narrow bandpass filters based on volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) recorded in the bulk of photo-thermo-refractive glass. The new types of transmission filters show unique characteristics such as high throughput and bandwidths as narrow as a few picometers at any wavelength from 500 to 2700 nm. The first filter type is formed by the incoherent combination of a Fabry-Perot etalon and a VBG that enables tunable ultra-narrow band transmission with a single resonance. The filters demonstrate a bandwidth down to a few picometers at 1064 nm, a transmission exceeding 90%, an ultra-broad rejection band (several hundreds of nanometers), and an extinction ratio better than 30 dB. The second filter type is based on multiplexed frequency shifted VBGs that form a volumetric Moiré Bragg grating. The filter provides a single resonance with transmission higher than 90% in the middle of the reflection lobe of the VBG, a bandwidth down to a few picometers and high mechanical stability. Both types of ultra-narrow bandpass filters can be used for many applications requiring to transmit a single frequency and to reject other adjacent frequencies, e.g., in Lidars, or for selection of longitudinal modes in laser resonators. The new filters provide a significant advantage in terms of stability, tunability and achievable throughput for a given bandwidth.
Proceedings Article | 30 December 2008
Photoionization of wide bandgap silicate glasses by ultrashort IR laser pulses
Leo Siiman, Julien Lumeau, Leonid Glebov
Proc. SPIE. 7132, Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2008
KEYWORDS: Ultrafast phenomena, Refractive index, Femtosecond phenomena, Silica, Glasses, Laser induced damage, Luminescence, Silicate glass, Plasma, Absorption
We study the excitation of luminescence, photoionization, and laser-induced breakdown in a multi-component silicate photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass, and in fused silica. PTR glass is a high-purity homogeneous photosensitive alkalisilicate glass with intrinsic absorption edge at 5.8 eV (214 nm). Experiments are conducted with ultrashort laser pulses (100 fsec< τ < 1.5 psec) at the wavelengths 780 nm, 1430 nm, and 1550 nm. Filaments are observed inside both glasses and explained by a balance between Kerr self-focusing and free electron defocusing. Keldysh theory is used to model the formation of filaments and values of about 1013 W/cm2 for laser intensity and 1019 cm-3 for free-electron density are estimated. Laser-induced damage by pulses at 1430 nm and 1550 nm is detected in fused silica and PTR glass by third harmonic generation due to the formation of an interface between a damage site and the surrounding glass matrix. It is found that there is an intensity range where luminescence and photoionization in both glasses occurs without laserinduced damage.
Proceedings Article | 13 February 2008
Third harmonic generation by volume Bragg grating in photo-thermo-refractive glass irradiated by IR femtosecond pulses
Leo Siiman, Julien Lumeau, Lionel Canioni, Leonid Glebov
Proc. SPIE. 6875, Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion: Materials, Devices, and Applications VII
KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Refractive index, Femtosecond phenomena, Modulation, Fiber Bragg gratings, Glasses, Photons, Infrared radiation, Harmonic generation, Diffraction gratings
Three conditions for non-collinear third harmonic generation by a PTR glass volume Bragg grating are demonstrated using infrared femtosecond pulse illumination. Each condition corresponds to a different angle of grating orientation. We identify the angles as corresponding to Bragg diffraction at ω, Bragg diffraction at 3ω, and a non resonant Bragg angle involving three ω photons interacting with a nonlinear grating vector. The generation of non-collinear third harmonic at each of these angles is modeled with wavevector interactions. Theoretical predictions from the wavevector equations are obtained and compared to experimental measurements. We discuss the nonlinear grating in the PTR glass grating as resulting from modulation in the nonlinear refractive index of PTR glass.
Phase-shifted volume Bragg gratings in photo-thermo-refractive glass
Julien Lumeau, Vadim Smirnov, Leonid Glebov
Proc. SPIE. 6890, Optical Components and Materials V
KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Optical filters, Refractive index, Mirrors, Modulation, Fiber Bragg gratings, Glasses, Photodiodes, Phase shift keying, Phase matching
Narrow-band filters based on phase shifted Bragg gratings have been widely investigated in fiber configuration. However, up to now, no experimental demonstration was performed using volume Bragg gratings in free space configuration. In this paper both theoretical and experimental study of this new type of filters is presented. The phase matching conditions that allow obtaining a resonant filter are analyzed. Narrow bandwidth transmission filters based on the coherent combination of two non slanted reflecting Bragg gratings in photo-thermo-refractive glass are studied. A filter with 25 pm bandwidth and 90%+ transmission at 1064 nm is demonstrated. The effect of the phase matching between the two volume Bragg gratings is presented and perfect accordance of experimental and theoretical data are shown. Based on these results, we show that the phase-shifted reflecting volume Bragg gratings recorded photo-thermo-refractive glass pave a way to the fabrication of large aperture extremely narrow band filters with high transmission at resonance and high rejection.
Large aperture tunable ultra narrow band Fabry-Perot-Bragg filter
Julien Lumeau, Vadim Smirnov, Fabien Lemarchand, Michel Lequime, Leonid Glebov
Proc. SPIE. 6469, Optical Components and Materials IV
KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Optical filters, Refractive index, Mirrors, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Silica, Fiber Bragg gratings, Sensors, Glasses, Tunable filters
A novel type of filters based on a combination of a Fabry-Perot etalon and a volume Bragg grating is demonstrated. The proposed solid-spaced Fabry-Perot etalon consists of a high quality fused silica window with both faces having identical dielectric mirrors coatings. The transmission of this Fabry-Perot etalon is a discrete channel spectrum consisting of narrow lines (typically a few tens of picometers) which are separated by gaps with constant width defined as the free spectral range (typically between 0.1 and 10 nm). These discrete resonances define the addressable wavelengths. The second element of this complex filter is a volume Bragg grating. This component is obtained by recording of a sinusoidal refractive index modulation into the volume of a photo-thermo-refractive glass plate. Central wavelength of such element can be tuned over several tens of nanometers by rotating the Bragg grating and therefore changing the incidence angle. This element is thus used to select one of the Fabry-Perot resonances and switch between them. We present the features of this filter and two experimental demonstrations of different configurations of Fabry-Perot-Bragg filters combining different Fabry-Perot etalons and volume Bragg gratings. That way, the flexibility of such kind of filters is demonstrated.
Laser trimming of thin-film filters
Michel Lequime, Julien Lumeau
Proc. SPIE. 5963, Advances in Optical Thin Films II
KEYWORDS: Thin films, Optical filters, Refractive index, Mirrors, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Silica, Glasses, Transmittance, Photosensitive materials, Bandpass filters
The use of a photosensitive material for manufacturing the spacer of bandpass thin-film filters is a very attractive way for enabling the post-processing of such devices with the help of a light beam, either to correct with a high accuracy the consequences of some deposition errors on the filter properties (central wavelength out of specifications, inadequate spatial uniformity) or to create entirely new filtering devices with controlled spatial properties (for instance, variable filters with arbitrary profile). A theoretical presentation of the main problems arisen by such a laser trimming will be done, first for bandpass thin-film filters but also for multiple-cavity Solid Spaced Etalons (SSE). After a comprehensive analysis of the possible materials which can be selected for such an application, we will conclude our presentation by the description of the first experimental results obtained by our team in this new field, including a rapid presentation of the dedicated control means needed by this spatially localized approach of a filtering device.
Showing 5 of 26 publications
Access to SPIE eBooks is limited to subscribing institutions. Access is not available as part of an individual subscription.
Purchase complete book on SPIE.org.
Shibboleth users login to see if you have access.


text:
Adventure Business Food Health Life Mobile Music Nature Style Tech
Instagram to test hiding Like counts in US
Next week Instagram will expand its test of hiding Like counts from everyone but a post's creator to some users in the United States. "We will make decisions that hurt the business if they help people's well-being and health. We have to see how it affects how people feel about the platform, how it affects how they use the platform, how it affects the creator ecosystem" says Instagram's CEO Adam Mosseri.
The intention is to "reduce anxiety" and "reduce social comparison" by making it less of a competition, and give people more space to focus on connecting with the people they love and things that inspire them.
Instagram's growing interest in shopping, and how it can provide new revenue streams to influencers. He also described Instagram's approach to well-being where it identifies and addresses problems such as hate speech, finds positions where it can lead as with fighting bullying with Like count hiding.
Instagram began testing this in April in Canada and expanded it to Ireland, Italy, Japan, Brazil, Australia, and New Zealand in July. Facebook started a similar experiment in Australia in September.
Instagram has to be mindful that it doesn't significantly decrease creators' or influencers' engagement and business success. Most influencers across tiers of follower counts saw their Like counts fall in countries where the hidden Like count test was active. Likes fell 3% to 15% in all the countries for influencers with 5,000 to 20,000 followers.
In Japan, influencers with 1,000 to 5,000 or 100,000 to 1 million followers did the change lead to a boost in Likes — of about 6% in both groups. Those trends could relate to how users in other nations users might rely on more herd mentality to know what to Like.
Mosseri stated the company wasn't afraid to hurt its own bottom line, impairing the careers of influencers may not be acceptable unless the positive impacts on well-being are significant enough.
Previous Post:Juventus vs. AC Milan – prediction, team news, lineups
Next Post:Man Utd 3-1 Brighton: Report

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


4 So let us be afraid lest when there is left a promise of coming into his rest any one of you should perchance appear to have fallen short— 2 *** for we have heard a gospel, as they too had, but the words they heard did them no good, they not meeting the hearers with faith. 3 * For we believers come into rest, as he says "as I swore in my anger 'They shall not come into my rest'" though it was back at the foundation of the world that the works were done. 4 For he somewhere says like this about the seventh day, "And God rested on the seventh day from all his works," 5 and in this passage again "They shall not come into my rest"; 6 * so since it remains that some come into it, and those who heard the gospel before did not come in because of disobedience, 7 he again defines a certain day, "today," saying in David so long afterward, as aforesaid, "Today, if you hear his voice, do not harden your hearts." 8 For if Joshua had brought them to rest he would not be speaking about another day afterward. 9 So then there remains a sabbath for God's people. 10 For he who has come into his rest is resting from his own works just as God did from his. 11 So let us make it our concern to come into that rest, in order that no one may fall by the same pattern of disobedience. 12 For God's word is living and effective and a surer cutter than any two-edged sword, and penetrative to the dissection of soul and spirit, of joints and marrows, and a judge of a heart's thoughts and conceptions; 13 * and not a creature escapes his notice, but everything is naked and thrown flat on its back for his eyes of whom we are speaking. 14 So, having a great high priest who has gone past the skies, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold on to our confession. 15 For we do not have a high priest that cannot feel our weaknesses, but one who has met temptations of like nature in all respects without sin. 16 So let us come to the throne of grace with confidence in order that we may obtain mercy and find grace for timely help.


Discussion in 'iPhone and iPad Games' started by icerra, Dec 15, 2015.
First of All!!! Controls: - Slide LEFT/RIGHT to move Left/Right your ship. - Tap to Fire. Do you like the classics? How much money have you spent in the arcade games? Want to relive the past? Galaxy3DHD takes you to the past, relive your first arcade play of your life in 3D. Your mission destroy all Aliens, try to survive of enemy ships waves. Be careful you can only have one missile on the screen. Please Enjoy!!


Hillary's campaign called on Obama to repudiate Geffen and return the money he's raised on Barack's behalf. But far from backing down, Obama's campaign unleashed this: ""We aren't going to get in the middle of a disagreement between the Clintons and someone who was once one of their biggest supporters. It is ironic that the Clintons had no problem with David Geffen when was raising them $18 million and sleeping at their invitation in the Lincoln bedroom."
Ouch. For good measure, Obama himself took this shot at Hillary today: " "It is also ironic that Senator Clinton lavished praise on Monday and is fully willing to accept today the support of South Carolina State Sen. Robert Ford, who said if Barack Obama were to win the nomination, he would drag down the rest of the Democratic Party because 'he's black.'"
So just what is going on here? Part of it is just the typical tactic of a challenger, Obama, trying to dent the aura of invincibility of front-runner Hillary. Nothing unusual there. But I would say there's something more interesting at work. Obama has staked out a strong anti-war position. He flaunts the fact that he opposed the war from the beginning in 2002 when Hillary and most other Dems were voting for it. And he wants us to get out now. Not bad politics for a guy running in Dem primaries. However, even though many Americans are disillusioned with the the situation in Iraq, they still recognize that the war against terror is the most important issue confronting our country. They are not going to vote for a president who they don't think has the toughness to take on America's most fearsome enemies.
That puts Obama in a tough spot. It's fine right now, politically speaking, to be a dove when it comes to Iraq. But if Americans become convinced that Obama is not merely against the war in Iraq, but is inherently soft, he will never be the next president. What's a Barack to do? He has to find some way of proving his toughness. So why not take on what is widely acknowledged to be the toughest political operation around -- the Clinton campaign machine?
I can already hear the cries on the left: "he's equating Hillary with Osama Bin Laden!" No, I'm not at all. I'm simply saying that Obama feels the need to pick a fight to establish his macho bona fides. Taking on Hillary and her establishment serves the dual purpose of taking the sheen off the front-runner, while demonstrating that Barack Obama has the gumption required of a Commander-in-Chief. And I think that explains, in important part, why Obama has gotten so tough, so early.


It is finally official. I can rest easy tonight knowing that I have finally reached the mountaintop, an official Peace Corps invitation to serve in the Eastern European country of Moldova. The country was actually surprising because it wasn't a surprise. I had been expected an invitation for Moldova for so long now that I had convinced myself that in the end I would receive an invite to another country.
The packet that comes with the invitation is very official and is awfully meaty. Paperwork, paperwork, paperwork. I went through it all rather quick and was happy that it was very well organized and was thankful that although the packet is a monster the actual amount of paperwork I need to do is really nothing more than sending invitation acceptance email to Peace Corps, filing online for a Peace Corps passport, and emailing yet another resume and aspiration statement to Peace Corps. In this case I guess it is unfair to call it paperwork since none of it is really filled out on paper...Although there is real paperwork I still have to complete but it is not required until staging.
I'll sleep very well tonight indeed...and if the coming snow storm happens to delay school or cancel it altogether I will be a very happy and well rested person tomorrow.
Update: Snow storms are awesome and I am VERY well rested.
Congratulations! I got my invitation to Moldova yesterday as well! I was about to make a post calling out to my fellow Moldovan invitees, it's exciting to meet one. What is your program?
English Language. What about you?


May is better speech and hearing month! Here are some ideas to help your child practice his/her articulation and language skills over the summer.
Pick an object/idea from the story to describe (category, function, additional attributes, parts, location, materials, etc.
You can mail them off to a friend or family member for a fun surprise!
Focus on targeted speech sounds, sequencing, grammar, descriptive words, etc.


text:
Home Smart Ideas & Debate SMART IDEAS: Central Bank of Nigeria issues new guidelines for Mobile Money...
Smart Ideas & Debate
SMART IDEAS: Central Bank of Nigeria issues new guidelines for Mobile Money operators in Nigeria
The new guidelines provide a robust coverage of the MMO value chain from service providers to subscribers and agents
LAGOS, Nigeria: The apex regulator of banking activities in Nigeria has released new guidelines to further regulate the services provided by mobile money operators (MMOs) in Nigeria ("the new guidelines"). Since 2015, when the last regulatory changes were made using the old guidelines, mobile money operators have evolved to some extent with the surge in financial solutions driven by technology. The new guidelines released on 9 July 2021 have made some additions to the 2015 framework which are highlighted below:
The new guidelines provide a robust coverage of the MMO value chain from service providers to subscribers and agents. Two major types of operations governed by these guidelines include:
The Bank Led Model: These are deposit money banks offering MMO services alone or with other banks, essentially commercial banks operating disruptively in the MMO space.
The Non-Bank Led Models: These are non-banking organisations that have obtained a license from the CBN to carry on MMO services. Note that they also use deposit money banks and settlement banks.
Permissible and Non-Permissible Activities
The new Guidelines have made additions to the permissible activities that were listed out under the old guidelines. The additions include MMOs being operational, wallet creation, e-money issuance, agent recruitment and management, pool account management, non-bank acquiring services and card-acquiring services.
However, even with the additions made, MMOs are still prohibited from carrying on the following types of businesses; direct or indirect loans or guarantees, insurance underwriting, subsidiaries' establishment, foreign currency deposit services and other forex activities that save the facilitation of cross-border remittances to personal accounts subject to the applicable regulatory framework.
Savings Wallets
The new guidelines allow MMOs to offer savings wallets to be operated with settlement banks and the funds held in these wallets are insured with the Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) using a pass-through insurance arrangement subject to specific requirements in relation to investment operations and interest distribution.
The savings wallets funds are subject to a maximum management rate of 10% but must also ensure that the principal sum is not affected by charges and fees. The wallets are also insulated from offsets by the settlement banks with whom the MMOs operate the accounts. Note that customers can use the funds in these wallets to invest ONLY in government treasury bills.
Consumer Protection and Sanctions
MMOs are now required to resolve customer complaints within 48 hours. In addition, they must ensure that customers understand the transactions being concluded, provide robust frameworks against loss of service, proper communication channels and offer adequate disclosures to customers.
Where for instance, there is a new capitalisation requirement by the CBN and a settlement bank is unable to meet up, such could have its license withdrawn. In such an event, the NDIC's maximum deposit coverage level kicks in at N500,000.00 (Five Hundred Thousand Naira Only) for each subscriber.
Where an MMO has its license withdrawn or activities banned, the CBN ensures that the deposit liabilities of the subscribers are assumed by another MMO, or some other financial institution as defined under the Banking and Other Financial Institutions Act ("the BOFIA"). The CBN also reserves the right to take sanctions against an MMO, its board of directors, officers or agents, withhold corporate approvals as well as suspend or revoke licenses.
Limits for Transactions
The balance limits for wallet holders have been increased from N50,000.00 (Fifty Thousand Naira Only) to N5,000,000.00 (Five Million Naira Only) for daily activities. For cumulative balance, the N300,000.00 (Three Hundred Thousand Naira Only) cap has been removed and is now unlimited, depending on the Know-Your-Customer (KYC) tier.
Reporting and Compliance
The new guidelines also stipulate that all risk mitigation techniques adopted by the MMOs must be within the scope of the relevant code of corporate governance, for example, the Code of Corporate Governance for Finance Companies 2018 (the Code). While MMOs have not been listed as financial institutions as such in the Code, it appears that the CBN has expanded the definition in the Code to cover MMOs by virtue of the fact that MMOs are listed as "other financial institutions" in the BOFIA.
Furthermore, all MMOs are to file annual audited reports and mandatory continuity business plans to the CBN within the first three months of the following year or no later than 31 March of the following year.
MMOs have definitely simplified financial transactions and services in Nigeria by increasing the number of banked individuals. Banks no longer need to have physical presences to provide financial services to residents of rural areas. This further promotes the CBN's "cash-lite" agenda and has also made commercial transactions easier.
While the guidelines are a commendable development, we hope that in the editions to come, the CBN can involve Telco-Led models as they appear to be more common and easily accessible to the average Nigerian.
The Centurion Law Group provides unsurpassed legal services to its local and international clients. With offices in Nigeria as well as a dedicated team on the ground, reach out to us today.
Author: Ibrahim Moshood, Associate, Centurion Law Group
SOURCECenturion Law Group
Previous articleSMART TECHNOLOGY: Cellulant acquires PSP license in Ghana as it rolls out a digital payments solution for businesses
Next articleSMART HEALTH: Africa Health Conference to focus world's attention on the healthcare needs of Africa
SMART FINANCE: How Overseas Zimbabwean Workers can save money amidst inflation
SMART MARKETPLACE: How financial innovation is moving the global money movement in Ghana
SMART IDEA: Trends predicted to drive the retail industry in 2023


The State of Missouri is committed to providing incentives and financing for a strong and growing advanced manufacturing industry. Below are links to infrastructure and worker training grants that are of interest to manufacturing companies looking to locate or expand their business in the Show-Me State.
As the state's premier company training program, Missouri Works Training helps Missouri businesses access leading-edge training by a fraction of the cost. Through direct funding from the state and training expertise from our large network of partners, Missouri Works Training can help finance and develop a training program that meets your company needs.
Missouri Works Training is a key component in training a world-class workforce for Missouri's advanced manufacturing sector. Partnerships with high-profile companies, such as Boeing and it's many suppliers, help us develop training expertise that benefits manufacturers of all sizes.
The Missouri Division of Workforce Development works with Missouri Job Centers to assist employers in HR matters. Job Center Business Representatives work with employers in matters of recruiting and can advise on the availability of workforce incentive programs.
jobs.mo.gov is Missouri's jobs website where employers can post job openings and search resumes to find qualified employees.


Researchers were startled to discover a new butterfly species fluttering around the aspen and spruce forests in Alaska's Tanana-Yukon River Basin. Scientists think that the butterfly, a member of the Arctics group named Oeneis tanana, or the Tanana Arctic butterfly, is a potential cross between the white-veined Arctic and the Chryxus Arctic. The species was originally misidentified, and it may be the only butterfly that is solely endemic to Alaska.
Alaska is known for its diverse flora and fauna, much of which survives only through adaption to the frigid temperatures. This adaption may include hibernation during the coldest months of the year or migration to other areas to escape the biting cold. Scientists say this particular hybrid butterfly survives in the Alaskan interior because of an adaption that allows it to produce a natural type of "antifreeze" that keeps it alive when temperatures plummet.
The remarkable discovery of this Arctic hybrid is also important to animal migration research suggesting that Beringia, which refers to the historically unglaciated parts of Alaska, included a segment of land connecting modern-day Alaska with Asia. Scientists think that Beringia, which includes parts of the Tanana-Yukon River Basin, was used as a sort of waiting area where plants and animals weathered the last ice age before moving south or east. This butterfly's existence potentially supports that theory.
More research is intended to determine if the butterfly lives beyond the area of discovery. Scientists suspect that its range may extend to areas east of the Yukon. Researchers also intend to obtain genome sequence data to determine which special traits helped this particular butterfly thrive in such an inhospitable environment.
Although this 2016 finding marked the first discovery of a new butterfly species in Alaska in nearly three decades, new plant and animal species are frequently discovered worldwide. In fact, National Geographic states that less than 15 percent of species now alive on the planet have been cataloged, and many more await discovery.
Learn more about the fascinating world around you by watching this beautiful butterfly emerge from its cocoon.


text:
the main topic TU Dresden
Welcome to TU Dresden
to School
Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
Faculty of Physics
Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Science
Faculty of Linguistics, Literature and Cultural Studies
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering
School of Civil
and Environmental Engineering
Faculty of Environmental Sciences
"Friedrich List" Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences
Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus
to Units
Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing (ZIH)
Center for Open Digital Innovation and Participation (CODIP)
Center for Teacher Education and Educational Research (ZLSB)
more Central Units
Faculties & Units
Research & Transfer
International
University Culture
Work Safety, Radiation Protection and Environment
Strategien & Organisation
Campus & Betrieb
Veranstaltung zur Mobilitätsbefragung
Strategien & Leitlinien
Environmental Guidelines
Strategies & Guidelines
The Mission Statement and Fundamental Principles of TU Dresden
© PantherMedia/Olivier-Le-Moal
Technische Universität Dresden is among the leading and highest ranking universities in Germany with an extensive spectrum of subjects. As an educational institution, the university has a responsibility to and for the next generations. TU Dresden has declared its commitment to pay particular attention to the issues of protecting and shaping the environment for the better, both in its
Mission Statement and Fundamental Principles.
Environmental Guidelines and Environmental Report
In 2003, TU Dresden decided to introduce a validated environmental management system according to EMAS (Eco-Management and Audit Scheme). By participating in EMAS, TU Dresden demonstrates that it goes above and beyond what is required with its commitment to environmental protection and that, as an educational institution, it views imparting environmental awareness in research and teaching as well as everyday work as its duty. To this end, the university has issued Environmental Guidelines that reflect the cornerstones of environmental policy at TU Dresden. EMAS requires participating organizations to undergo regular audit by a state-approved environmental verifier and to publicize their involvement in a yearly environmental declaration (Environmental Report).
Sustainability Strategy at TU Dresden
On behalf of the Extended University Executive Board, the Environment Commission is developing a Sustainability Strategy to underpin the university's path to becoming and remaining a sustainable institution with specific goals and measures.
A particular focus of the Sustainability Strategy lies on the goal of climate neutrality at TU Dresden. In the first step of the strategy development, the concentration will be on ecological sustainability. In implementing and updating the strategy, attention will be given to social, economic and cultural aspects as well as their interactions.
Opening up participation in mapping out subgoals and measures to the university public represents a step toward entrenching the future Sustainability Strategy in our university life. Anyone who was interested in taking part in helping to develop the strategy was invited to attend the first workshop "TU IT NOW" on June 28, 2022. There will be additional opportunities to participate in the future.
Alexandra Seifert
Last modified: Jan 17, 2023
Programmes offered Phone directory Official Notices Emergency call Job vacancies Press Office


text:
LGRAD
Support for Postdoctoral Trainees
The Office of Postdoctoral Affairs enhances the postdoctoral experience at Indiana University School of Medicine by providing support and resources to address the unique needs of each postdoctoral researcher. Prospective and existing postdocs can schedule one-on-one appointments to discuss career goals and postdoctoral experience. The Office of Postdoctoral Affairs also offers CV, resume and cover letter review/s as well as mock interviews.
The Office of Postdoctoral Affairs provides a monthly newsletter and shares information and events pertinent to postdocs; IU School of Medicine postdoctoral researchers are invited to share information as well. To be added to the distribution list, email Dr. Angela Fowler, Director of the Office of Postdoctoral Affairs.
Additionally, the Office of Postdoctoral Affairs hosts monthly Grab-N-Go breakfasts called "Procaffeinating Postdocs" which are announced monthly via the postdoc newsletter.
Postdoctoral Association
The IU School of Medicine Postdoctoral Association (PDA) was formed in January 2015 to address the needs and concerns of IU School of Medicine Postdoctoral Researchers. All postdoctoral researchers are invited to attend Association meetings typically held on the third Thursday of each month at 1 pm in MS 204 and monthly postdoc socials. Email the IU School of Medicine Postdoctoral Association for details.
IU School of Medicine offers 80-100 events per year related to career and professional development for postdoctoral researchers and graduate students. Events include career chats, lunchtime skills series, special events, and a week-long Jumpstart series in the summer (Jumpstart to Teaching, Jumpstart to Industry and Jumpstart to Academia).
National Postdoctoral Association
IU School of Medicine is a sustaining member of the National Postdoctoral Association, a member-driven, nonprofit organization that provides a unique, national voice for postdoctoral scholars. All IU School of Medicine postdoctoral researchers are eligible to register for FREE as affiliate members and receive NPA e-alerts and the POSTDOCket, the quarterly newsletter. In addition, affiliate members have access to members-only online resources and discounts to attend the annual meeting and other programs.
IU School of Medicine postdoctoral researchers are encouraged to fill out an individual development plan. This plan helps postdoctoral researchers explore career possibilities and set goals to follow a suitable career path.
Easy access to academic courses is one of the benefits of working in higher education. IU School of Medicine employees receive the IU Tuition Benefit through Human Resources. Non-employees or those funded under a training grant often find the grant includes funding for tuition and professional development programs. Postdoctoral researchers interested in this benefit should speak to the department and/or grant administrator for more information.
IU School of Medicine Graduate Division
635 N. Barnhill Dr. Medical Science Building 207 Indianapolis, IN 46202
317-274-3441 | biomed@iupui.edu


A. Vogel Echinaforce Chewable Tablets, formerly Echinaforce Junior, contain Echinaforce, a herbal extract from freshly harvested echinacea purpurea herb to prevent colds and flu, suitable for children over 12 years.
Dosage: Adults, the elderly and children over 12 - Chew two Echinaforce Chewable Tablets two or three times daily at the first sign of an infection.
Side Effects: Not suitable for children under 12.


i set off for turkey just 11 days after the events of september 11th. a lot of people were worried for me. they couldn't believe i was going to turkey when i told them about my trip. i wasn't afraid of going to a muslim country. as a matter of fact, it was probably safer in turkey than it'd be in the u.s.a, where none of us knew when the next terrorist attack would be and everyone sort of lived their lives on pins and needles, not knowing what the future had in store for us. the only thing that i was afraid of was somehow there'd be another attack close to my departure time and would delay the flight and possibly screw up my whole schedule and maybe even cancelling my whole trip. i felt kind of guilty thinking like that, hoping that there wouldn't be any further terrorist attacks so my vacation wouldn't get ruined.
my parents gave me a ride to logan airport. there was a long line at the check-in counter. i don't think it was for any new security measures, but i think people were kind of skittish and when the airline told them to arrive 2 hours before the flight, everyone arrived exactly 2 hours before the flight, thereby causing a bit of a congestion in the airport. going into my gate there was a bit more security than usual, with multiple metal detectors and x-ray machines and lots of airport security standing around.
so i left boston on my way to amsterdam. one interesting thing was there were no metal utensils on the plane, but instead we all got plastic utensils and a little note apologizing for the plastic silverware due to the recent events. i sat next to this tall young man whom i didn't talk to for most of the flight until we were almost at amsterdam. his name was paul and he was visiting the u.s. for some technical conference. talking to him, we of course talked about the terrorism that had happened in the u.s. from the way he was talking about america, i could detect some of that european superiority complex. i gave him my business card as a matter of formality, but i probably will never hear from him ever again.
farewell! see you in two weeks!
a mere two hours before i leave for logan airport and i am still not dressed, watching xena on television, installing software on my ibook. there are certain things i'm going to miss while i'm away, like the creature comforts of home, my coworkers (but not my work), and most of all, network television. i'm going to miss the season premieres of dark angel and gilmore girls, plus the series premiere of a whole bunch of other shows like the new star trek series. i guess i will have to wait until the rerun season.
i was watching cnn in this morning eating my burger king chicken tenders. latest news is turkey is allowing the u.s. to use turkish airbases. that's going to be exciting. it'll be like going to an airshow! i've always wanted to attend one of those. the only difference is these warplanes will be carrying live armaments.
this is my last entry for the next two weeks. if all goes well, i will in istanbul tomorrow. see you october 8th!


text:
Gagan Narang Current Affairs, GK & News
Gagan Narang wins 2019 Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puraskar
On 2019 National Sports Day (NSD), Gagan Narang and Pawan Singh have been honoured with the Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puraskar for their Gagan Narang Sports Promotion Foundation (GNSPF) at the Arjuna Awards ceremony in Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi. The award recognizes their contribution in the growth of their favourite sport and a reward for sacrifices ..
Topics: Arjuna Award • Commonwealth Games • Gagan Narang • Punjabi people • Sport in India • Sport shooters
Abhinav Bindra wins ISSF's highest shooting honour 'Blue Cross'
India's Olympic and world champion shooter Abhinav Bindra has been bestowed with the prestigious ISSF's highest shooting honour 'Blue Cross'at the General Assembly in Munich for his outstanding services as the chairman of the International Shooting Sport Federation's Athletes Committee. The Blue Cross is the highest laurel for shooters given by the ISSF. In 2008, ..
Topics: Abhinav Bindra • Gagan Narang • Shooting sports • Shooting sports in India • Sport shooters • Summer Olympic Games
Sanjeev Rajput wins Silver in men's 50-metres Rifle 3 Positions event at 2018 Jakarta Asian Games
On August 21, Indian Shooter Sanjeev Rajput clinched a Silver in the men's 50-metres Rifle 3 Positions event at the 18th Asian Games in Palembang on August 21, 2018. Rajput, who is already an Arjuna Awardee, has been making India proud since the 2006 Asian Games. His consistency and commitment are admirable.
Topics: Gagan Narang • Ravi Kumar • Sanjeev • Sanjeev Rajput • Shooting at the Asian Games • Shooting sports • Sport shooters
Gagan Narang and Pooja Ghatkar clinch a Silver medal in Grand Prix of Liberation International competition
In Shooting, Olympian Gagan Narang and Pooja Ghatkar clinched a Silver medal in the 10-meter Air Rifle Mixed Team event in the Grand Prix of Liberation International competition at Pilsen in the Czech Republic on May 6, 2018. Beside this, Shri Nivetha Paramanantham and Amanpreet Singh claimed the Mixed Air Pistol Silver after topping the ..
Topics: Amanpreet Singh • Commonwealth Shooting Championships • Gagan Narang • Pooja Ghatkar • Punjabi people • Shooting sports • Sport in India • Sport shooters
Gagan Narang clinches silver in men's 50 metre rifle prone event at Commonwealth Shooting Championships in Brisbane
Olympic bronze-medallist Gagan Narang won a silver medal in the men's 50m rifle prone event of the Commonwealth Shooting Championships on November 2, 2017. Another Indian, Swapnil Suresh Kusale bagged the bronze in the same event, while Dane Sampson of Australia won the gold. In women's 25m pistol final, India's Suraj Singh won the bronze, ..
Topics: Commonwealth Games • Commonwealth Shooting Championships • Gagan Narang • Punjabi people • Shooting sports • Shooting sports in India • Sport shooters • Swapnil Kusale


text:
'use strict';

var _createClass = function () { function defineProperties(target, props) { for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) { var descriptor = props[i]; descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false; descriptor.configurable = true; if ("value" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true; Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor); } } return function (Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) { if (protoProps) defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps); if (staticProps) defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps); return Constructor; }; }();

Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", {
  value: true
});

var _react = require('react');

var _react2 = _interopRequireDefault(_react);

var _Pager = require('./Pager');

var _Pager2 = _interopRequireDefault(_Pager);

require('./index.scss');

function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; }

function _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) { if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) { throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function"); } }

function _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) { if (!self) { throw new ReferenceError("this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called"); } return call && (typeof call === "object" || typeof call === "function") ? call : self; }

function _inherits(subClass, superClass) { if (typeof superClass !== "function" && superClass !== null) { throw new TypeError("Super expression must either be null or a function, not " + typeof superClass); } subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, { constructor: { value: subClass, enumerable: false, writable: true, configurable: true } }); if (superClass) Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass) : subClass.__proto__ = superClass; }

var Pagination = function (_Component) {
  _inherits(Pagination, _Component);

  function Pagination(props) {
    _classCallCheck(this, Pagination);

    var _this = _possibleConstructorReturn(this, Object.getPrototypeOf(Pagination).call(this, props));

    _this.state = {
      num: _this.props.num,
      current: _this.props.current
    };
    return _this;
  }

  _createClass(Pagination, [{
    key: 'componentWillReceiveProps',
    value: function componentWillReceiveProps(nextProps) {
      if (nextProps.num != this.state.num) {
        this.setState({
          num: nextProps.num
        });
      }
    }
  }, {
    key: 'renderPagers',
    value: function renderPagers() {
      var _this2 = this;

      var pagers = [];
      var current = this.state.current;
      var num = this.state.num;

      var pushPager = function pushPager(n) {
        if (current === n + 1) {
          pagers.push(_react2.default.createElement(_Pager2.default, {
            key: n, active: true, num: current,
            onClick: function onClick(num) {
              _this2.props.onChange(num);
              _this2.setState({
                current: num
              });
            }
          }));
        } else {
          pagers.push(_react2.default.createElement(_Pager2.default, {
            key: n, num: n + 1,
            onClick: function onClick(num) {
              _this2.props.onChange(num);
              _this2.setState({
                current: num
              });
            }
          }));
        }
      };

      if (num > 10) {
        if (current <= 4) {
          for (var i = 0; i < current + 2; i++) {
            pushPager(i);
          }

          pagers.push(_react2.default.createElement(
            'li',
            { key: 'dot' },
            '...'
          ));
          pagers.push(_react2.default.createElement(_Pager2.default, {
            key: num, num: num,
            onClick: function onClick() {
              _this2.props.onChange(num);
              _this2.setState({
                current: num
              });
            } }));
        } else if (current + 4 >= num) {
          pagers.push(_react2.default.createElement(_Pager2.default, { key: 0, num: 1,
            onClick: function onClick() {
              _this2.props.onChange(1);
              _this2.setState({ current: 1 });
            } }));
          pagers.push(_react2.default.createElement(
            'li',
            { key: 'dot' },
            '...'
          ));

          for (var i = current - 4; i < num; i++) {
            pushPager(i);
          }
        } else {
          pagers.push(_react2.default.createElement(_Pager2.default, { key: 0, num: 1,
            onClick: function onClick() {
              _this2.props.onChange(1);
              _this2.setState({ current: 1 });
            } }));
          pagers.push(_react2.default.createElement(
            'li',
            { key: 'dot' },
            '...'
          ));

          for (var i = current - 3; i < current + 2; i++) {
            pushPager(i);
          }

          pagers.push(_react2.default.createElement(
            'li',
            { key: 'dot-2' },
            '...'
          ));
          pagers.push(_react2.default.createElement(_Pager2.default, {
            key: num, num: num,
            onClick: function onClick() {
              _this2.props.onChange(num);
              _this2.setState({
                current: num
              });
            } }));
        }
      } else {
        for (var i = 0; i < num; i++) {
          pushPager(i);
        }
      }

      return pagers;
    }
  }, {
    key: 'render',
    value: function render() {
      var _this3 = this;

      if (this.state.num <= 1) return null;

      return _react2.default.createElement(
        'div',
        { className: 'mirana-pagination' },
        _react2.default.createElement(
          'ul',
          null,
          this.state.current === 1 ? _react2.default.createElement(
            'li',
            { className: 'disable', key: 'prev' },
            '上一页'
          ) : _react2.default.createElement(
            'li',
            { key: 'prev',
              onClick: function onClick() {
                var num = _this3.state.current - 1;
                _this3.setState({ current: num });
                _this3.props.onChange(num);
              } },
            '上一页'
          ),
          this.renderPagers(),
          this.state.current === this.state.num ? _react2.default.createElement(
            'li',
            { className: 'disable', key: 'next' },
            '下一页'
          ) : _react2.default.createElement(
            'li',
            { key: 'next',
              onClick: function onClick() {
                var num = _this3.state.current + 1;
                _this3.setState({ current: num });
                _this3.props.onChange(num);
              } },
            '下一页'
          )
        )
      );
    }
  }]);

  return Pagination;
}(_react.Component);

exports.default = Pagination;

Pagination.propTypes = {
  num: _react.PropTypes.number,
  current: _react.PropTypes.number,
  onChange: _react.PropTypes.func
};

Pagination.defaultProps = {
  num: 0,
  current: 1,
  onChange: function onChange(page) {}
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Leptogorgia bayeri is een zachte koraalsoort uit de familie Gorgoniidae. De koraalsoort komt uit het geslacht Leptogorgia. Leptogorgia bayeri werd in 1997 voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Williams & Lindo.

Zachte koralen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
[G.R. No. L-33851. August 15, 1988.]
MARCOPPER MINING CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. HON. JESUS V. ABELEDA, Presiding Judge, Court of First Instance of Marinduque, EUFROCINO IGNACIO, URSULA MINAY and JUANITA ALMARIO VDA. DE IGNACIO, as guardian ad litem of the minor, ALANIE IGNACIO, Respondents.
Meer, Meer & Meer for Petitioner.
Manuel S. Laurel for Respondents.
1.	LABOR AND SOCIAL LEGISLATION; WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION; CONFLICT ON CLAIMANT'S RIGHT TO SUE FOR ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS UNDER THE CIVIL CODE CLASSIFIED IN FLORESCA CASE. — In the Robles case, it was held that claims for damages sustained by workers in the course of their employment could be filed only under the Workmen's Compensation Law, to the exclusion of all further claims under other laws. In Floresca, this doctrine was abrogated in favor of the new rule that the claimants may invoke either the Workmen's Compensation Act or the provisions of the Civil Code, subject to the consequence that the choice of one remedy will exclude the other and that the acceptance of compensation under the remedy chosen will preclude a claim for additional benefits under the other remedy. The exception is where a claimant who has already been paid under the Workmen's Compensation Act may still sue for damages under the Civil Code on the basis of supervening facts or developments occurring after he opted for the first remedy. The rule was recently reaffirmed in the case of Ysmael Maritime Corporation v. Avelino, [151 SCRA 333.] where the present Chief Justice declared that a sense of fair play would demand that if a person entitled to a choice of remedies made a first election and accepted the benefits thereof, he should no longer be allowed to exercise the second option. Having staked his fortunes on a particular remedy, (he) is precluded from pursuing the alternate course, at least until the prior claim is rejected by the Compensation Commission.
2.	ID.; ID.; CLAIMANTS IN CASE AT BAR ARE PRECLUDED TO RECOVER ADDITIONAL DAMAGES; REASONS. — Having received full benefits under the Workmen's Compensation Act (plus the voluntary grant of another P10,000.00 from the petitioner), and there being no showing that they come under the exception, Juanita Ignacio and her minor child may no longer maintain their complaint in the respondent court for recovery of additional damages as a result of the death of Alfonso Ignacio. The other issues raised, viz., the capacity to sue of the minor child and the right to compensation of the other respondents who are the parents of the deceased worker, do not have to be decided any more in view of this resolution of the basic issue.
CRUZ, J.:
Several issues have been raised in this petition for certiorari and prohibition with preliminary injunction but we need to resolve only one of them. This is the basic question of whether a widow already fully compensated under the Workmen's Compensation Law for the death of her husband may still file a separate action for damages arising from the same death under the Civil Code.chanroblesvirtualawlibrary
The employee in this case was Alfonso Ignacio, who was killed in an accident on October 9, 1970, while working in the petitioner's plant. His widow, Juanita A. Ignacio, one of the private respondents herein, thereafter claimed and was on December 18, 1970, paid the sum of P6,423.95 as full compensation for her husband's death under the Workmen's Compensation Act. 1 she executed on the same day a "Satisfaction of Claim" for herself and her minor child, Alanie Ignacio, in which they waived all other claims under the said law against the petitioner. 2 It is not denied that, in addition, the petitioner voluntarily paid the sum of P10,000.00, which was accepted by the widow. 3
All this notwithstanding, the private respondents, including not only the widow and her minor child but also the father and mother of the deceased employee, later filed a complaint against the petitioner for actual, moral, temperate and exemplary damages in the then Court of First Instance of Marinduque. They alleged that Ignacio's death was the result of the petitioner's gross negligence in failing to provide safety measures prior to the repair of the defective disposal pipe that had exploded and killed him. The petitioner moved to dismiss on the principal ground that full compensation had already been paid to and received by the widow and her minor child under the Workmen's Compensation Act and that this barred the institution of another action under the Civil Code for the recovery of any further sum based on the said incident. The respondent judge 4 denied the motion, holding that the ground invoked was not indubitable, 5 prompting the petitioner to come to this Court for relief.
It is understandable that the parties could not reach any agreement then on the effect of the acceptance of death benefits under the Workmen's Compensation Act by the heirs of the deceased employee on their right to sue for additional amounts in the concept of damages under the Civil Code. Jurisprudence on this matter was at that time rather confused and indecisive. Fortunately, however, the conflict in the past decisions has since been clarified with the adoption by the Court of the categorical rule first announced in the case of Floresca v. Philex Mining Corporation, 6 which abandoned the earlier doctrine embodied in Robles v. Yap Wing. 7
In the Robles case, it was held that claims for damages sustained by workers in the course of their employment could be filed only under the Workmen's Compensation Law, to the exclusion of all further claims under other laws. In Floresca, this doctrine was abrogated in favor of the new rule that the claimants may invoke either the Workmen's Compensation Act or the provisions of the Civil Code, subject to the consequence that the choice of one remedy will exclude the other and that the acceptance of compensation under the remedy chosen will preclude a claim for additional benefits under the other remedy. The exception is where a claimant who has already been paid under the Workmen's Compensation Act may still sue for damages under the Civil Code on the basis of supervening facts or developments occurring after he opted for the first remedy.chanrobles.com.ph : virtual law library
The rule was recently reaffirmed in the case of Ysmael Maritime Corporation v. Avelino, 8 where the present Chief Justice declared:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"As thus applied to the case at bar, respondent Lim spouses cannot be allowed to maintain their present action to recover additional damages against petitioner under the Civil Code. In open court, respondent Consorcia Geveia admitted that they had previously filed a claim for death benefits with the WCC and had received the compensation payable to them under the WCA (Rollo, pp. 22-23, 29-30). It is therefore clear that respondents had not only opted to recover under the Act but they had also been duly paid. At the very least, a sense of fair play would demand that if a person entitled to a choice of remedies made a first election and accepted the benefits thereof, he should no longer be allowed to exercise the second option.'Having staked his fortunes on a particular remedy, (he) is precluded from pursuing the alternate course, at least until the prior claim is rejected by the Compensation Commission.'"
It follows that having received full benefits under the Workmen's Compensation Act (plus the voluntary grant of another P10,000.00 from the petitioner), and there being no showing that they come under the exception, Juanita Ignacio and her minor child may no longer maintain their complaint in the respondent court for recovery of additional damages as a result of the death of Alfonso Ignacio. The other issues raised, viz., the capacity to sue of the minor child and the right to compensation of the other respondents who are the parents of the deceased worker, do not have to be decided any more in view of this resolution of the basic issue.chanrobles.com.ph : virtual law library
WHEREFORE, the petition is GRANTED. The respondent court is directed to DISMISS Civil Case No. 1519.
Narvasa, Griño-Aquino and Medialdea, JJ., concur.
Gancayco, J., on leave.
1.	Annex "B," Rollo, p. 12.
2.	Annex "A," Rollo, p. 19.
3.	Rollo, p. 63.
4.	Judge Jesus Abeleda, CFI of Marinduque, 11th Judicial District.
5.	Annex "L," Rollo, p. 99.
6.	136 SCRA 141.
7.	41 SCRA 269.