Mitsubishi Space Star 1.6 l fuel consumption measured in miles / gal or l / km and tank capacity made between 2005-2006.
How much fuel consumed Mitsubishi Space Star 1.6 l, liters / 100 km or miles per gallon.
Engine capacity: 1583 ccm (96,11 cubic inches).
Car max power: 98.00 PS (71,64 kW or 96,52 HP) at 5000 Rev. per min.


GARY Breen got it spot on when he declared that too many people have been talking a good promotion campaign this season and need to get their heads down and get on with it.
And manager Roland Nilsson concurred with that well-worn cliche that his team must take one game at a time and see where they finish up.
But after embellishing his first hat-trick for Coventry City by setting up three goals, Lee Hughes can be forgiven for getting carried away with the club?s biggest away league win since they trounced Carlisle by the same score-line in 1959 in the old fourth division.
Second spot is now a realistic option, claimed the #5 million striker - clutching the match ball firmly in his hands after looking at his vintage best at Crewe. And how they must be sick of him - nine goals in nine games is his current tally against the Railwaymen, who caved in during a second half collapse at Gresty Road.
But, as convincing as the final scoreline looks, it could easily have been a different story had Rob Hulse been a bit sharper in the box when Marcus Hall cleared the ball off the line from a first-half effort.
At 1-0 up, City looked far from capable of the 6-1 rout that followed and were jolted back to square one when poor defending allowed the home side to pull level. It was only when they rolled up their sleeves and immediately set about making amends that there was any hint of what was to come.
Hughes? opening goal restored the belief in first-half stoppage time and the players simply couldn?t wait to get started again after the break when the striker grabbed his second within two minutes by making a mug of the flapping Ademole Bankole.
The Crewe goalkeeper had an absolute stinker and was eventually taken off with a good 20 minutes still left to play in the game, as was the equally hapless centre-back Steve Foster who had been replaced 10 minutes earlier. But by the time the sixth City goal rattled in, manager Dario Grady felt his keeper had suffered enough.
It all started to go wrong when he dithered and dallied with Laurent Delorge receiving a deep Hughes? cross into the box. The keeper should have taken control but the Belgian?s persistence paid off and he was able to juggle the ball up on his right knee and stab it home with his left foot to give his side a 36th-minute lead.
Slack defending at the other end then let Alexandra back in when Hulse was gifted a free header, but Hughes restored the lead with a terrific finish from 16 yards when he curled the ball round the keeper.
There was little Bankole could have done to stop that one but Foster was culpable this time as the striker was given a free shot at goal.
Coming seconds from the break, his best goal of the afternoon provided a turning point in the game that gave City the impetus to finish the job in style.
Lee Mills, who was guilty of giving away possession with some dreadful stray passes earlier in the game, lobbed on to the roof of the net within seconds of the restart before flicking on a Barry Quinn throw-in for Hughes to head past the pathetically challenging keeper and create a two goal cushion.
It was pretty much one-way traffic after that and it wasn?t long before Delorge got a second for himself by wrong-footing Bankole with a well placed shot, aided by a deflection off Neil Sorvel to make it 4-1 in the 57th minute.
The home side simply crumbled as City showed no mercy by enjoying their afternoon to the full, flooding forward in numbers and controlling the ball in key areas.
They had more than their fair share of possession in the first half but were constantly thwarted by Efe Sodje who had an outstanding start at the heart of the home defence but who must have left the field demoralised at the end.
Crewe created chances of their own with some neat build up play but their finishing was suffering the same affliction that has afflicted Coventry on so many occasions this season.
But not on Saturday when it took just nine minutes after hitting their fourth before David Thompson grabbed a fifth and his ninth of the season to ensure he keeps hot on the heels of Hughes in the scoring stakes. Receiving the ball in the box, the midfielder nipped round the keeper and hit the post but was alert enough to turn in the rebound.
Then just three minutes later in the 69th, Hughes muscled and wriggled his way round Bankole to secure his hat-trick - the first by a City player for three years when Darren Huckerby recorded three against Nottingham Forest at Highfield Road. It was also the first away from home since 1998 when Huckerby was again the scorer at Leeds.
Gary McSheffrey, Robert Betts and Lee Fowler - who made up what must have been the club?s youngest bench for years alongside two more youth academy products Calum Davenport and Craig Pead - went on in perfect scenario for bedding in future stars in a relaxed and confident atmosphere.
So often have the club?s youngsters had to step into a struggling side which is far from ideal and can often put too much pressure on their shoulders.
But with the points secure and the football flowing, all three looked as if they enjoyed their run out with McSheffrey particularly sharp going forward and clearly hungry to add his name to the score-sheet.
Crewe got the chance to get a late consolation goal when Delorge brought down David Wright in the area, but Shaun Smith summed up a dismal afternoon for the Railwaymen when he fired the 85th-minute penalty on to the crossbar.
The home fans had been flooding out since midway through the second half but Smith?s miss was the last straw for most and prompted many more to leave their seats early while the Sky Blue Army savoured a rare rip-roaring win that took the club back into the play-off places .
But it would be foolish to get carried away. There is still plenty of ground to make up to cement their position and Coventry?s biggest downfall has been inconsistency and a lack of goals.
If Hughes has finally found his scoring boots and City can get six points from their next two highlywinnable matches at home to Walsall and Barnsley, then perhaps there will be room for a little nervous excitement from the fans.
But not for the players - they must stay focused and as their manager insists in time-honoured style, take one game at a time.


Dial 911 for "Give me a break". Lock the bedroom or bathroom door, turn the ringer off and take a break. A quick fix kit with a relaxing scented candle, 4oz Foaming Milk Bubble Bath and moisturizing lotion, a calming tea, and that decadent chocolate that you've been craving for days (or hours) will make it complete.
A great gift for that stressed person in your life.


Every spring and summer, many tribes throughout the region celebrate the return of the salmon and the beginning of salmon fishing season.
My tribe, the Swinomish Indian Tribal Community, holds a First Salmon Ceremony and Blessing of the Fleet in May each year. We welcome the salmon home with drums, songs and prayers. Because salmon binds us all together as communities, we invite our neighbors to share this food that has sustained us for so many years. We honor the First Salmon by returning its remains to the water and we pray for the protection of our fishermen and their boats.
Salmon is food for our bodies and our spirits. For us, salmon is not optional. It is essential.
Salmon remind us that we are all part of nature and share the responsibility to ensure there will be salmon for future generations. That is why cooperative efforts such as Puget Sound Day on the Hill are so important. The two-day event is held each spring in Washington, D.C., It brings together tribal, federal, state and local governments, NGO's, businesses, conservation groups and others to educate key decision makers about the importance of a healthy Puget Sound to the salmon, the Southern Resident Killer Whale, the Pacific Northwest and the entire nation.
We are fortunate that this year's salmon returns are starting to rebound in a number of watersheds after several years of extremely low runs caused by drought, warm ocean temperatures and poor food supplies.
At the same time we are seeing sharply increasing pressure on the salmon resource from out-of-control seal and sea lion populations, and the food needs of Southern Resident Killer Whales.
The days are over when we could make up for declining salmon runs by reducing or eliminating harvest. Even if we stopped all salmon fishing everywhere in Western Washington, most stocks would never recover. There just isn't enough good quality habitat to support them.
Salmon are tough. Despite dams, pollution, predators, climate change and many more challenges, they never stop trying to return home. We have to be just as tough when it comes to their recovery.
Reducing salmon harvest has never been the key to their recovery, yet that is what we have had to do because of steadily decreasing returns. Instead we need to do the hard work of protecting and restoring salmon habitat if we want salmon in our future.
Harvest reductions are only effective if there are equally strong efforts to protect and restore salmon habitat.
Lorraine Loomis is chair of the Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission.


PG&E was denied permission to charge ratepayers $80 million for costs the utility giant estimates it will incur applying for permission to extend the life of the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant in Avila Beach another 20 years.
Instead, an administrative judge with the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) put PG&E on notice that it first must complete high-energy, three-dimensional offshore studies to determine the exact force and velocity of the new fault line discovered three years ago just a few hundred yards off the coast from the nuclear power plant.
PG&E had requested $80 million in ratepayer funding to pay for its federal license renewal for both reactors at Diablo Canyon.
On Dec. 21, Robert Barnett, an administrative law judge for the California Public Utilities Commission, the state's chief energy regulating agency, ruled that PG&E's application shouldn't be considered until long-awaited seismic studies for the region around the plant are complete.
With a suspended application, Weisman said, PG&E would have been allowed to use all the data it's already collected as part of its relicensing application. But because the judge denied the application, he said, PG&E would have to use data collected only after the new seismic studies have been completed.
Likewise, new requirements that PG&E take steps to better cool the water offloaded into the ocean by the reactors might make Diablo Canyon significantly more expensive.
VP of Australian Medical Association – Can Japan do better than Chernobyl?


text:
Thompson Medical Co., Inc. v. F.T.C
791 F.2d 189 (D.C. Cir. 1986)
Thompson Medical Co., Inc.v.F.T.C
United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia CircuitMay 27, 1986
No. 85-1047.
Argued February 6, 1986.
Decided May 27, 1986.
Patricia Hatry, New York City, with whom Jeffrey C. Katz, New York City, was on the brief, for petitioner.
Melvin H. Orlans, Atty., F.T.C., with whom Ernest J. Isenstadt, Asst. Gen. Counsel, F.T.C., Washington, D.C., was on the brief, for respondent.
Petition for Review of an Order of the Federal Trade Commission.
Before ROBINSON, Chief Judge, and MIKVA and GINSBURG, Circuit Judges.
Opinion for the Court filed by Circuit Judge MIKVA.
MIKVA, Circuit Judge:
This case concerns a complaint brought by the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC" or "Commission") against petitioner Thompson Medical Company under §§ 5 and 12 of the FTC Act. 15 U.S.C. §§ 45 52. The complaint alleged and the Commission found that Thompson's advertising for Aspercreme, a topical analgesic, was false and misleading, and constituted an unfair and deceptive practice. The Commission ordered Thompson to refrain from making unsubstantiated claims that Aspercreme is effective and to disclose in the product's labeling and advertising that it does not contain aspirin. Thompson challenges the FTC's order as arbitrary and capricious, contrary to public policy, unsupported by substantial evidence, and discordant with applicable Commission precedent. We find that the Commission's order and decision are supported by the law and the facts, and therefore affirm the FTC.
Petitioner sells an over-the-counter ("OTC") analgesic (pain reliever) known as Aspercreme. Aspercreme is supposed to help arthritis victims and others who seek relief from minor aches and pains. As the name suggests, Aspercreme is a cream meant to be rubbed on the area where an analgesic effect is desired. Despite its name, however, Aspercreme contains no aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid). Rather, Aspercreme's active ingredient is trolamine salicylate (sometimes referred to as TEA/S or TEAS), a chemical relation of aspirin.
Even though Aspercreme contains no aspirin, Thompson's advertising strongly suggested that Aspercreme and aspirin were somehow related. One television advertisement used by Thompson, for example, contained the following monologue:
When you suffer from arthritis, imagine putting the strong relief of aspirin right where you hurt. Aspercreme is an odorless rub which concentrates the relief of aspirin. When you take regular aspirin, it goes throughout your body like this. But, in seconds, Aspercreme starts concentrating all the temporary relief of two aspirin directly at the point of minor arthritis pain. . . . [Voice over:] Aspercreme. The strong relief of aspirin right where you hurt.
Complaint counsel's exhibit B, In re Thompson Medical Co., Inc., 104 F.T.C. 648, 653 (1984). In this and similar ads, the announcer is shown holding aspirin tablets at the beginning of her monologue; as she speaks the aspirin is replaced by a tube of Aspercreme.
In February of 1981, the FTC issued an administrative complaint against Thompson. Thompson was charged with having violated sections 5 and 12 of the FTC Act. 15 U.S.C. §§ 45 and 52. These actions prohibit "unfair or deceptive acts or practices in commerce" and "disseminat[ing] . . . any false advertisement . . . for the purpose of inducing . . . the purchase . . . of . . . drugs." Specifically, Thompson was charged with having made unsupported claims that Aspercreme was effective for the relief of arthritic pain, having falsely represented that this efficacy had been scientifically established, and having falsely represented that Aspercreme contained aspirin. See Initial Decision by Hyun, Administrative Law Judge, In re Thompson Medical Co., Inc., 104 F.T.C. 648, 660, 660-61 (June 24, 1983) (" Thompson Initial Decision"). The FTC complaint was heard before an administrative law judge (ALJ). After compiling a record in excess of 6500 pages, he issued a 127-page opinion finding Thompson liable. See Thompson Initial Decision. The matter was appealed to the Federal Trade Commission. The FTC engaged in extensive review of the ALJ's decision and entered a 56-page opinion of its own, affirming the ALJ's decision and entering a final order against Thompson. See In re Thompson Medical Co., Inc., 104 F.T.C. 648, 786 (Opinion) 842 (Order) (1984) (" Thompson Opinion" and "Order").
The FTC affirmed the ALJ's finding "that Thompson lacked reliable and credible information constituting a reasonable basis for the efficacy claims it made for Aspercreme." Thompson Opinion at 787-88, 821-28. The Commission found that Thompson had represented that Aspercreme was more effective than aspirin, and that Thompson had represented that Aspercreme's effectiveness had been scientifically substantiated. The Commission also found that Thompson had falsely represented that Aspercreme contained aspirin. It found that the alleged misrepresentations were material, and that they were likely to mislead consumers. The Commission also determined that Thompson's false and deceptive advertising had been deliberate. Id. at 791-839.
The FTC issued a final order against Thompson that prohibited the company from using the name Aspercreme unless its advertising and packaging made clear that Aspercreme does not contain aspirin. See Order, 104 F.T.C. 842, part I.A. The Commission also prohibited Thompson from representing that Aspercreme "involves a new scientific principle" when it has "been available for purchase in the United States as an [OTC] drug for more than one year," id., part I.B., and from misrepresenting either the ingredients of Aspercreme or the results of any tests or studies of Aspercreme. Id., parts I.C. D. In the part of its order that has engendered the most controversy, the FTC ordered Thompson to refrain from
A. Representing that [Aspercreme] is effective for the relief of minor pain and other symptoms of any musculoskeletal disorder. . . .
B. Representing that [Aspercreme] is as fast or faster than, or is as effective as, or more effective than any other drug or device in the relief of minor pain and other symptoms of any musculoskeletal disorder . . .; unless at the time of . . . such representation, [Thompson] possesses and relies upon a reasonable basis for such representation consisting of competent and reliable scientific or medical evidence.
Order, part II.
The FTC's Order went on to provide that "competent and reliable scientific evidence shall include at least two adequate and well-controlled, double-blinded clinical studies. . . ." Id.
Thompson mounts a tripartite attack on the Commission's decision and order. Thompson first argues that the Commission was not acting in the public interest when it undertook to review Thompson's advertising. Thompson supports this contention by asserting that the Food and Drug Administration's ongoing review of OTC drugs preempts the FTC's jurisdiction here. Thompson next argues that the "reasonable basis" standard imposed by the Commission was improper. Thompson insists that requiring two clinical studies before Aspercreme can be advertised as effective is onerous and unwarranted. Finally, Thompson attacks the Commission's decision to require the company to make clear to consumers that Aspercreme does not contain aspirin. We take up these challenges in turn.
A. The Public Interest
Thompson argues that the FTC proceeding here was not in the public interest and was therefore improper under the FTC Act. See 15 U.S.C. § 45(b) (FTC may bring complaint "if it shall appear to the Commission that a proceeding by it in respect thereof would be to the interest of the public"). (Thompson does not make the statutory basis of its argument clear, but we presume that Thompson's argument turns on the FTC Act rather than generalized principles of fairness or equity.) Thompson claims that the FTC proceeding was not in the public interest because the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is entrusted by law with authority to evaluate and regulate all over-the-counter medicine, and is currently engaged in a review of such drugs. See Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. § 301 et seq.; 21 C.F.R. part 330. Thompson asserts that the FDA should be allowed exclusive regulatory authority over the marketing and labelling of OTC drugs while its review is pending. The argument is without merit. The FDA proceedings referred to by Thompson began in 1962. It strains credulity to argue that even the most blatantly false or deceptive advertising of OTC drugs must be allowed so long as the FDA is evaluating the efficacy of those drugs.
We find no evidence in the regulatory scheme that Congress has fashioned for over-the-counter medications that the FTC is indefinitely barred from all regulatory authority over drug advertising while the FDA conducts its comprehensive review of drug safety. Nowhere in the case law or in the FTC's grant of authority is there even a hint that the FTC's jurisdiction is so constricted. To the contrary, the cases recognize that ours is an age of overlapping and concurring regulatory jurisdiction. See Federal Trade Commission v. Texaco, Inc., 555 F.2d 862, 881 (D.C. Cir.), cert. denied, 431 U.S. 974, 97 S.Ct. 2940, 53 L.Ed.2d 1072 (1977) ("this is an era of overlapping agency jurisdiction under different statutory mandates"). In an analogous context the Supreme Court held that the FTC's jurisdiction is concurrent with that of the Attorney General to file an antitrust suit. See Federal Trade Commission v. Cement Institute, 333 U.S. 683, 694-95, 68 S.Ct. 793, 800-01, 92 L.Ed. 1010 (1948). Other agencies and their mandates similarly overlap; not even a faint clue exists that Congress desired otherwise.
The FTC has substantial expertise in evaluating claims of drugs' absolute and comparative efficacy, and in assessing whether advertisements are misleading or deceptive. See, e.g., Warner-Lambert Co. v. Federal Trade Commission, 562 F.2d 749, 753-56 (D.C. Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 950, 98 S.Ct. 1576, 55 L.Ed.2d 800 (1978); American Home Products Corp. v. Federal Trade Commission, 695 F.2d 681, 691-93 (3d Cir. 1982). We see no reason why the FTC should not be allowed to exercise that expertise in the circumstances presented here.
Thompson asserts that the Second Circuit has acknowledged that the FDA is entrusted with sole responsibility to evaluate drugs' absolute safety and efficacy. Thompson cites Bristol-Myers Co. v. Federal Trade Commission, 738 F.2d 554, 559-60 (2d Cir. 1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 960, 83 L.Ed.2d 966 (1985), as support for this proposition. Thompson's reliance on Bristol-Myers is entirely misplaced. The Bristol-Myers court made it quite clear that "FDA requirements and regulations . . . simply d[id] not govern th[at] case. Not only is a different regulatory scheme involved, but generally speaking, the FDA is concerned only with evaluating absolute safety and efficacy, and not with questions of comparative safety and efficacy that arise in OTC drug advertising." See id. at 559. Thompson's belief that Bristol-Myers supports its position is wrong.
This passage from Bristol-Myers makes clear that Thompson is wrong for another reason: the FDA will never have occasion to consider the full range of issues dealt with by the FTC in its proceeding against Thompson. Here, as noted above, the FTC found that Thompson had made misleading comparative efficacy claims. For instance, Thompson had claimed, without scientific or clinical proof, that Aspercreme was more effective than aspirin. The FDA has no warrant to address this claim. Rather, the FDA's evaluation of OTC drugs only involves a determination of the safety and efficacy of individual drugs. See 21 C.F.R. part 330. Hence, no conceivable doctrine of deference or expertise would justify awaiting the result of the FDA's over-the-counter drug evaluation program.
If and when the FDA concludes that trolamine salicylate is effective, Thompson will be allowed, by the express terms of the FTC's decision, to advertise Aspercreme as an effective analgesic. See Thompson Opinion at 826 n. 73. Although such FTC deference to the FDA is by no means required, the fact that the FTC has provided for it in this case means that Thompson is really objecting to any regulation of its advertising pending a determination of Aspercreme's efficacy. We decline to hold that firms may not be prevented from advertising their products as efficacious until they are proved otherwise. Such a conclusion would turn the statutory scheme on its head.
B. Reasonable Basis
Thompson contends that the FTC erred in requiring two clinical studies as a prerequisite for any future representation that Aspercreme is an effective analgesic. Thompson correctly acknowledges that in general an advertisement is considered deceptive if the advertiser lacks a "reasonable basis" to support the claims made in it. See In re Pfizer, 81 F.T.C. 23 (1972); Porter Dietsch, Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission, 605 F.2d 294, 302 (7th Cir. 1979). The controversy here concerns what constitutes such a basis. Thompson is unhappy with the Commission's requirement of two clinical studies. Thompson asserts that neither case law nor scientific wisdom justifies the imposition of this requirement, and that it has never before been imposed.
The Commission's opinion contains a thorough discussion of the framework traditionally used by the FTC in deciding when ads are properly supported by a reasonable basis, Thompson Opinion at 821-29, and why the order issued here contained the term it did. Id. at 829-39. We think the Commission has properly employed the framework established by its precedents in concluding that there was no reasonable basis shown here and in requiring two clinical studies before any representations can be made about Aspercreme's efficacy.
In evaluating the reasonable basis arguments, it is important to distinguish between two types of advertising claims. Some advertisements contain express representations about the level of support for a particular claim. Such advertisements are said to contain establishment claims. See Thompson Opinion at 813. The FTC has traditionally required that if an advertisement contains an establishment claim ( e.g., if it states that a product has been found to be superior by scientific tests) "the advertiser must possess the level of proof claimed in the ad." Bristol-Myers Co. v. Federal Trade Commission, 102 F.T.C. 21, 321, aff'd, 738 F.2d 554 (2d Cir. 1984), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S.Ct. 960, 83 L.Ed.2d 966 (1985). If the claim is more general, but nevertheless constitutes an establishment claim, the FTC will specify the nature and extent of substantiation that will support the claim. See, e.g., Sterling Drug, Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission, 741 F.2d 1146, 1152-53 (9th Cir. 1984); American Home Products, supra, 695 F.2d at 691-93; Bristol-Myers, supra, 102 F.T.C. at 351-52, 738 F.2d at 558-59. The FTC has usually required two well-controlled clinical tests before such a non-specific establishment claim may be made. (It should be noted that whether a claim of establishment is in fact made is a question of fact the evaluation of which is within the FTC's peculiar expertise. See Chrysler Corp. v. Federal Trade Commission, 561 F.2d 357, 363 (D.C. Cir. 1977).)
In the case of a simple claim of efficacy — a "non-establishment" claim — the reasonable basis required has been defined more flexibly. In In re Pfizer Inc., 81 F.T.C. 23 (1972), the Commission established guidelines for the level of substantiation needed to support non-establishment claims. " Pfizer holds that the Commission itself may identify the appropriate level of substantiation for ads that do not expressly or impliedly claim a particular level of substantiation." Thompson Opinion at 822 n. 59. In particular cases, however, the Commission has not always explained what would constitute "the appropriate level of substantiation" with great specificity. See, e.g., American Home Products Corp., supra, 695 F.2d at 710; Bristol-Myers Co., supra, 738 F.2d at 560-61. In American Home Products, for instance, the FTC merely provided that "competent and reliable scientific evidence" would be needed before any "non-comparative representations concerning the effectiveness . . . of [the advertised] OTC drug products" could be made. 695 F.2d at 710.
The vagueness that characterized the Commission's order in American Home Products is not present in this case. Here, the FTC's requirement of clinical testing before an efficacy claim can be made extends to both establishment and non-establishment claims. See Thompson Opinion at 813-14 (discussing Thompson's representations that it had a particular level of support for its efficacy claims), 821-22 n. 58 (discussing reasonable basis requirements for establishment and non-establishment claims). Indeed, the FTC downplays the significance of the distinction between establishment and non-establishment claims. The FTC states that
There is no conceptual or practical reason to single out such [establishment] claims for special treatment. They are but one example of an express or implied claim that an advertiser possesses a particular level of substantiation. . . . [T]he Commission itself may identify the appropriate level of substantiation for ads that do not expressly or impliedly claim a particular level of substantiation. . . . We do not have to perform such an evaluation where an advertisement itself makes . . . substantiation claims.
Id. at 822 n. 59.
Despite the continuum that various sorts of claims lie along, it does not appear that the FTC has ever before required clinical testing to support a non-establishment claim. This forms the crux of Thompson's challenge to the FTC's Order. We think Thompson's attack is inadequate to overturn the FTC's decision. Despite the FTC's departure from its usual result, its reasoning in arriving at the requirement of clinical testing is well-founded in precedent. That is, the Commission carefully reviewed the factors laid out in its precedents before concluding that a two-clinical-test standard was appropriate here. See Thompson Opinion at 821-29; FTC Policy Statement Regarding Advertising Substantiation, Appendix to Thompson Opinion, 104 F.T.C. 839. The controversy thus turns on whether the FTC has properly applied the law to the facts.
Thompson rests its argument in large part on In re Pfizer, supra. Thompson argues that the reasonable basis standard for non-establishment claims articulated there and in subsequent FTC cases would have been satisfied here without the imposition of a clinical testing requirement. In essence, Thompson argues that the FTC has unreasonably and without explanation imposed a more severe standard here than it ever has in the past. Thompson's argument is unconvincing because in this case the Commission did not categorically impose a requirement of clinical testing for non-establishment claims. Rather, the Commission employed the multi-factorial analysis first expounded in Pfizer that Thompson acknowledges is appropriate, exercised its remedial discretion, and determined that the particular facts here warranted the imposition of a clinical testing requirement. The Commission's catalog and analysis of the factors deemed relevant in fashioning a remedy was extensive and painstaking. See Thompson Opinion at 821-29.
The cases cited by Thompson for the proposition that non-establishment claims need not be substantiated by clinical testing do not support that conclusion. Rather, as noted above, they simply constitute instances in which the Commission has not imposed such a requirement or has rejected its categoric imposition. See, e.g., Bristol-Myers Co. v. FTC, supra; Sterling Drug, Inc. v. FTC, supra; American Home Products Corp. v. FTC, supra. In Bristol-Myers, for instance, the Commission merely rejected the proposition that all efficacy claims should be supported by clinical testing. See 738 F.2d at 560-61.
Thompson is really arguing that non-establishment claims can never support a clinical testing requirement. Because the FTC did not impose a scientific testing requirement in some previous OTC drug cases, Thompson asserts that clinical testing should never be required in an OTC case. Thompson does not offer convincing support for this rather extreme position. Merely citing cases that are arguably similar to this one and observing that a less stringent standard was applied in them does not amount to proof that the FTC acted contrary to law in imposing a higher standard in this case.
It is worth noting that the Commission would be placed in a difficult position should we decide that a clinical testing requirement was inappropriate here. The Commission has had some difficulty with orders governing non-establishment claims that have been attacked on vagueness grounds. In American Home Products Corp., supra, 695 F.2d at 710, the court struck down on vagueness grounds part of an FTC order requiring "competent and reliable scientific evidence" as a reasonable basis for non-establishment claims. The court rested its holding in part on the large range of products covered by the order. In Bristol-Myers Co., supra, 738 F.2d at 560-61, by contrast, the court upheld an FTC order against a vagueness challenge. In Bristol-Myers the order's language was substantially similar to that in American Home Products, but it did not extend to as wide a range of products. The court distinguished American Home Products by noting that AHP depended not only on the allegedly vague language in the order, but also on the order's breadth. Despite the court's ultimate approval of the FTC's order in Bristol-Myers, however, the FTC had to go through a lengthy and uncertain appellate process before enforcing the order. See also Sterling Drug, Inc. v. FTC, 741 F.2d at 1156-57.
Obviously, both courts and the FTC would prefer that the FTC's orders were unequivocally legal. If we were to conclude that the two-clinical-test standard was unjustified under the Pfizer reasonable basis framework, it would be difficult for the FTC to fashion an acceptable set of requirements for non-establishment claims. The Commission has special expertise in determining what sort of substantiation is necessary to assure that advertising is not deceptive. We decline to interfere with its exercise of that discretion in the circumstances of this case.
We pause briefly to respond to Thompson's repeated expressions of horror at the alleged effect of the FTC's order. Thompson asserts that the Commission's decision will destroy its business, and is tantamount to an order to cease selling Aspercreme. Two responses to Thompson's bleatings are appropriate. First, they are simply not true. The FTC's Order did not bar the sale of Aspercreme forever and under all circumstances. Indeed, the sale of Aspercreme was not barred at all. Only misleading advertising was prohibited. If Thompson does come up with new clinical studies or if the FDA reclassifies trolamine salicylate Thompson would be free to continue to make efficacy claims in its Aspercreme ads. In the interim, Thompson is free to advertise Aspercreme so long as it does not make false or misleading representations. Second, although the effect of the order on Thompson's business may well be severe, we see no reason that Thompson should be able to make advertising claims if they are not true. The FTC has a mandate to assure that advertising is not false and misleading. Allowing firms to continue such advertising because to stop would hurt the firm's economic interests is obviously not part of the calculus of interests Congress intended the FTC to consider. Thompson has no right to stay in business if the only way it can do so is to engage in false and misleading advertising.
We also reject Thompson's argument that the Commission should have found that the available evidence supports the company's efficacy claims for Aspercreme. Thompson devotes much time and energy to a discussion of the scientific and technical material that was put into evidence in this matter. Thompson argues that the Commission failed to take into account new studies that became available during the proceedings, and that if the FDA had had all the data presented to the FTC it would already have classified Trolamine salicylate as effective. We deplore Thompson's attempt to retry this matter before us. Appellate courts have neither the expertise nor the resources to evaluate complex scientific claims. Thompson does not argue that the FTC's decision was unsupported by substantial evidence on the record. See Universal Camera Corp. v. National Labor Relations Board, 340 U.S. 474, 71 S.Ct. 456, 95 L.Ed. 456 (1951). Rather, Thompson simply urges us to believe its experts rather than those witnesses apparently given greater credence by the Commission. Our role, however, is not to reweigh the evidence de novo to determine how we would have resolved the matter. See Federal Trade Commission v. Algoma Lumber Co., 291 U.S. 67, 73, 54 S.Ct. 315, 318, 78 L.Ed. 655 (1934); Warner-Lambert Co. v. Federal Trade Commission, supra, 562 F.2d at 753. Our task is only to determine if the Commission's finding is supported by substantial evidence on the record as a whole.
C. Aspirin Content
Thompson also challenges the portion of the FTC order requiring it to disclose in all advertising and labelling that Aspercreme does not contain aspirin. This part of Thompson's argument borders on the frivolous. Thompson argues that no misrepresentation occurred, that it is not material to consumers whether Aspercreme contains aspirin or not, that Aspercreme is merely a trademark and does not convey any information about the product's content, and that in any event Aspercreme labelling has always indicated that Aspercreme does not contain aspirin. (One wonders why Thompson is upset about being ordered to disclose that its product does not contain aspirin if no one cares and everyone has always known anyway.)
The issue of what message was reasonably likely to be conveyed to consumers by Aspercreme's advertising was extensively addressed by expert testimony. See Thompson Opinion at 788-816. The FTC's summation of the law in this area is accurate and succinct.
Advertising representations will be condemned if they are likely to deceive; actual deception need not be shown. The tendency of a particular advertisement to deceive is determined by the net impression it is likely to make upon the viewing public. Consequently, literally true statements may nonetheless be found deceptive, and advertisements reasonably capable of being interpreted in a misleading way are unlawful even though other, non-misleading interpretations may also be possible.
In determining the meaning likely to be conveyed by advertisements, the Commission is engaged in fact-finding, and its findings are to be regarded as conclusive if supported by substantial evidence. Moreover, in interpreting advertisements, the Commission may rely on its own reasoned analysis of the advertisements themselves, without resorting to surveys or consumer testimony. Although the meaning of the statutory phrase "deceptive acts or practices" is ultimately a matter for judicial construction, the Commission's conclusion that acts or practices are likely to deceive is due special deference owing to the nature of the inquiry and the Commission's expertise in evaluating deception.
Brief for the FTC at 49-50 (footnotes omitted). The factual nature of the FTC's findings with respect to the aspirin claims and the FTC's expertise and experience in this area make its opinion very difficult to challenge.
The FTC adequately considered a large mass of technical evidence and concluded that Thompson had engaged in deceptive advertising with respect to Aspercreme. We cannot find fault in the Commission's conclusions or in the remedial measures it imposed. Indeed, in all respects, we find the FTC Order and Opinion clear and logical. If and when Thompson comes up with evidence that Aspercreme is effective, it will be free to again make efficacy claims in its advertising. Until that time, it should not say what it cannot prove. The FTC's requirement of aspirin-content disclaimers also is entirely appropriate; Aspercreme does not contain any aspirin, and its makers should not imply that it does. Accordingly, Thompson's petition for review of the FTC's order is
Denied.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Bike Spokes and Shoe Boxes – Topps Anniversary News
Home » Card Collecting » Bike Spokes and Shoe Boxes – Topps Anniversary News
Posted By Tim Danielson on Jul 23, 2016 | 0 comments
The Topps Company continues its 65th anniversary celebration with the release of 2016 Topps® Baseball Series 2
Newest MLB trading cards features a salute First Pitch™ cards, Ken Griffey Jr., and Ichiro in special insert sets
(NEW YORK, NY; June 15, 2016) – The Topps Company, the exclusive trading card partner of Major League Baseball, returns with its second series in its annual release when 2016 Topps® Baseball Series 2 comes out on Wednesday, June 15. It will feature 350 more baseball players along with fantastic insert cards, and a chance to pull autographs and memorabilia cards from some of the top players in Major League Baseball.
The base set features stars such as Boston Red Sox's David Ortiz, New York Mets' Yoenis Cespedes and Angels' Albert Pujols, along with rookie cards of Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Kenta Maeda, Minnesota Twins outfielder Max Kepler and New York Yankees catcher Gary Sanchez.
However, the greatness of 2016 Topps Baseball Series 2 doesn't end there. Baseball fans will find commemorative cards dedicated to Ken Griffey Jr., who will enter the Baseball Hall of Fame this summer, and Ichiro Suzuki, who is expected to get his 3,000th Major League career hit this season.
"2016 Topps® Baseball Series 2 offers so much content for baseball fans," said Clay Luraschi, Vice President of Product Development for Topps. "There are the base cards for traditional collectors, inserts for those looking for a challenge, and autographs and memorabilia cards to have fans feel closer to the game. There really is something for everyone to collect."
Also returning to 2016 Topps® Baseball Series 2 is a new set of First Pitch™ cards, the insert set commemorating 20 newsworthy moments of the notable people who threw out a first pitch before an MLB game in 2015. The newest edition includes President George H.W. Bush, University of Michigan football coach Jim Harbaugh, late night talk show host Jimmy Kimmel, musician Kendrick Lamar and more.
Topps® Baseball cards have been a mainstay in American culture for 65 years and have featured many iconic baseball cards, including popular rookie cards and hard-to-find rarities. Topps continues to innovate trading cards, giving fans new and different ways to collect and appreciate cards of their favorite players and teams.
2016 Topps® Baseball Series 2 comes out on Wednesday in local hobby stores, retail outlets such as WalMart, Target, Toys R Us and, also on Topps.com.
Author: Tim Danielson


text:
VR Simulator
XD Theater
Simulator Games
3d/4d Movie
London's Tallest Building USES VR Slides To Give Visitors A Thrill
Friends of extreme sports and stimulating challenges, your good news is coming. London is about to open up the tallest building slide! The point is that the UK's tallest building the sharp has embraced VR slide!
In the summer of this year, visitors will experience an incomparable decline in VR slides, with a maximum of 100 miles per hour, and experience sliding down The ground from The shards.
There are not only The VR Slide, but also "Vertigo". Vertigo is the use of VR technology, and the shards will disappear from your feet, and you can only stand on scaffolding in the early stages of the building. This feeling can be scary in the brain.
Together, the two projects make up Britain's highest VR experience. Let visitors experience the feeling of swooping down on the London skyline or standing on the balance beam. This can't be said to be all about VR, and it's also because your real height is actually more than 800 feet. Because of the presence of the VR head, it is invisible. Dare to challenge and extreme sports fans can try!
Previous: Experienced London's Tallest Building, The VR Slide, Screaming All The Way
Next: Movie Power Earthquake Experience Hall
No. 42-1 Shixin Road Donghuan Street, Panyu District Guangzhou, China (Movie Power VR Industrial Park)
info@movie-power.com
http://m.vrmoviepower.com/
Copyright © Guangzhou Movie Power Electronic Technology Co.,Ltd All Rights Reserved.


text:
Melania Trump chats with Vladimir Putin during G20 banquet in Hamburg
By Christopher Brennan
Russian President Vladimir Putin talks to the First Lady Melania Trump at the the Elbphilharmonie concert hall in Hamburg. (Pool/Getty Images)
He was Putin on the charm.
Russian President Vladimir Putin was pictured chatting up First Lady Melania Trump as world leaders gathered for a banquet at the G20 summit in Hamburg.
The pair sat next to each other Friday night as the collection of prime ministers and presidents separated from their spouses and sent them out as emissaries to other leaders.
Melania Trump reportedly speaks German, as does Putin from his time with the KGB in Dresden, though photos showed them next to a G20 worker who appeared to be an interpreter.
President Trump speaks with Juliana Awada, the wife of Argentina's president Mauricio Macri. (Axel Schmidt/AP)
President Trump himself was sat next to Juliana Awada, the wife of Argentina's businessman president, Mauricio Macri, who was seated between the First Lady and German Chancellor Angela Merkel.
Other seating arrangements included French first lady Brigitte Macron seated next to Chinese President Xi Jinping.
Through her husband's first meeting face-to-face with Putin, whose government is accused of meddling in the U.S. election to benefit Trump, Melania became embroiled in the goings-on of the G20.
She was unable to leave her residence in the northern German city Friday morning because of ongoing and sometimes violent protests against the summit.
Donald Trump in the White House
The demonstrations prevented her from going to a G20 spouses event, though she managed to make it out by the evening for President Trump's Putin meeting.
Secretary of State Rex Tillerson told reporters that the First Lady was brought in to break up the meeting after an hour, but that the effort failed and it continued for more than two hours.
Besides dinner, the world leaders, whose teams are trying to build global consensus on issues such as climate change and trade, were treated to a concert at Hamburg's Elbphilharmonie Friday night.
With News Wire Services
trump russia ties investigation


text:
The Star Awards for Best Variety Show Host was an award presented annually at the Star Awards, a ceremony that was established in 1994.

The category was introduced in 1998, at the 5th Star Awards ceremony; Kym Ng received the award for her performance in City Beat and it is given in honour of a Mediacorp host who has delivered an outstanding performance in a variety show. The nominees were determined by a team of judges employed by Mediacorp; winners are selected by a majority vote from the entire judging panel.

Since its inception, the award was given to seven hosts. Pornsak is the most recent and final winner in this category for his performance in The Joy Truck II. Sharon Au, Mark Lee, and Kym Ng are the only hosts to win in this category four times, surpassing Quan Yi Fong who has two wins. In addition, Lee and Ng were nominated on nine occasions, more than any other host. Dasmond Koh, Lee Teng, and Jeff Wang hold the record for the most nominations without a win, with four.

The award was discontinued from 2016 as all performances in the hosting category (variety, info-ed) were shifted to the newly formed Best Programme Host category.

Recipients

 Each year is linked to the article about the Star Awards held that year.

Category facts

Most wins

Most nominations

References

External links

Star Awards

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Oracle Egypt
Oracle Live
The Future of CRM: Engineering Connected Sales Experiences
11 a.m. ET / 12 p.m. BRT / 5 p.m. CEST
You've already registered. Please look for the confirmation email in your inbox.
Congratulations! Your registration is now confirmed.
Redirecting to the live webcast.
Redirecting to the on-demand webcast.
This event has concluded
Introducing the next generation of CRM
Traditional CRM solutions can't support the needs of today's B2B sellers because they're built to help sales managers with planning and forecasting. Since your customers' expectations of the buying experience have evolved, so must your sales team's processes and tools. We believe there's a better way to drive more revenue and sales success. During this event, we're introducing the next generation of Oracle Fusion Sales.
Part of Oracle Advertising and CX, Oracle Fusion Sales improves sales productivity and creates better experiences for your buyers. Automation and AI guide sellers, provide intelligent recommendations, and uncover insights sales teams can use to support their customers with confidence. While new cross-functional analytics connect data from every part of the business to deliver complete, actionable revenue intelligence.
Join us and learn more!
Rob Tarkoff Executive Vice President and General Manager, Oracle Advertising and Customer Experience
Rob Tarkoff joined Oracle in 2018 to lead Oracle Customer Experience (CX) Cloud product and strategy across marketing, sales, commerce, and service. His goal is to build products that help companies succeed in the Experience Economy.
Tarkoff spent the last 15 years focused on the customer experience, developing products for both large and early-stage companies. Most recently, as president and CEO of Lithium Technologies, he created the leading software in online communities. Prior to that, Tarkoff ran the Digital Enterprise business for Adobe.
Tarkoff holds a BA in political economy from Amherst College and a JD from Harvard Law School.
Alistair Galbraith Senior Director, Head of Innovation Labs, Oracle Advertising and Customer Experience
Alistair Galbraith is a highly technical storyteller. He loves working directly with customers and partners to architect and demonstrate solutions to problems they thought unsolvable, and inspire creative ways to engage their customers to provide a more delightful customer experience.
At Oracle he leads a small team of creative product managers, developers, and designers to highlight the art of the possible between Oracle's CX solutions. He is a 20 year veteran of the CX space, holding development, delivery and strategy roles at various solution leaders before being acquired by Oracle in 2010. He holds a BSc. in Artificial Intelligence from the University of Essex.
Paul Mikle Vice President, Global Sales Systems and Process, Oracle
At Oracle, Paul Mikle is currently the vice president of global sales operations focusing on sales systems and processes. During his 12 years at Oracle, Paul has led the rollout of Oracle Field Service and spares as part of the Sun acquisition; the implementation of Oracle CPQ for sales, replacing custom quoting solutions; the evolution of Solution Engineering as a Service, leveraging Oracle Service, dramatically improving the collaboration between sales and the pre-sales engineering teams; the design and implementation of deal qualification, a single framework to present the critical path for sales and ensure visibility to key actions for sales executives to minimize risks in the forecast. Most recently, Paul and his team led the implementation of Next Gen Sales, working with product management, the UX leadership teams, and sales leadership to provide Oracle sales teams with a best-in-class and modern sales experience.
Prior to Oracle, Paul held multiple customer-facing roles, including sales, pre-sales, account management, and product management roles at Sun Microsystems, Parametric Technology, and Rand Technology.
Paul has an engineering degree and lives in Boulder, Colorado.
Andrea Cesarini Managing Director, Oracle Business Group Lead, Accenture Europe
As managing director of Accenture's Oracle Business Group in Europe, Andrea is passionate about helping clients become sustainable, cloud-powered, and inclusive enterprises, leveraging solutions powered by Oracle Cloud. His personal mission is to co-create, together with Accenture clients and Oracle, transformational initiatives that enable sustainable business for clients with an accelerated path to tangible value.
Andrea values distilling and sharing experiences developed while working alongside clients. He is the creator of a number of perspectives, the latest being CFOs Move to the Edge of Innovation—co-authored with Cormac Watters, executive vice president at Oracle—and To the Multi-Cloud and Beyond (PDF) about Oracle Cloud. He has also authored The Value of Purpose and Experience-Driven Brand; Are You Destined to Be a Victim of Digital Darwinism? Multi-Speed IT Architecture: A Transformation Path to Succeed in a Digital World; and Intelligent Ecosystem Orchestration Takes on a New Dimension: The Process of Things. All these perspectives were published and presented as keynotes at industry events such as Oracle OpenWorld, Digital Transformation World, and Mobile World Congress.
Innovation is part of Andrea's DNA. During his 24 years of experience, he has been always devoted focused effort to championing and instigating 19 Accenture patent applications. He joined Accenture in 1998 and has 20 years' experience working across multiple geographies including Switzerland, UK, US, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Turkey, and Eastern Europe.
Donna Epps Director, Sales Systems and Operations, Ricoh USA, Inc.
Donna Epps, director of sales systems and operations for Ricoh USA, leads teams that enable seller success through innovative sales tools and processes. Embracing an agile approach to system automation, sales strategies, and consultative territory planning, Donna and her teams provide world-class sales applications enabling Ricoh's sales force to deliver exceptional customer experiences and cutting-edge digital workplace solutions.
For 25 years, Donna has managed numerous teams—meeting and exceeding the organization's business goals while delighting customers. Most notably, she's led nationwide teams that develop and support Ricoh's enterprise CRM and quoting applications, data-driven territory design/analysis initiatives, data integrity programs, sales training and communication efforts, and cross-functional collaboration programs.
Donna graduated from the College of Charleston with a BS in business administration and management. She is Six Sigma Yellow Belt certified, a member of the Sales Enablement Leader Exchange, and sits on the customer advisory board for Oracle Sales Cloud.
Samantha Mohr Vice President, Inside Sales, Ricoh USA, Inc.
Samantha Mohr has been vice president of inside sales at Ricoh since 2016. With expertise in small-to-medium business and additional experience in federal, global, enterprise, healthcare, and legal vertical customer segments, Samantha has been an inside sales leader since 1999. That experience also includes roles at Citigroup, SBC Telecom, and OfficeMax, where she led a field sales group focused on group purchasing organizations and vertical markets. Her skills include P&L management, business analytics, compensation, talent acquisition, recruiting and onboarding, coaching, and development. Samantha is skilled and experienced in effective collaboration and partnership with departments to effectively manage and grow inside sales business, including finance, marketing, human resources, sales operations, and information technology.
Samantha has a bachelor's degree in economics and math from St. Mary's University in San Antonio, Texas, and an MBA from St. Ambrose University in Bettendorf, Iowa.
Past Event Highlights
What if CRM systems focused on marketers and sellers working together? (10:04)
Oracle Fusion Marketing is built to help marketers market and sellers sell. See how Oracle can help you automate the mundane tasks that sellers and marketers despise, allowing them to get back to building customer relationships and closing deals.
Highlights from Oracle Live: The Future of CRM (6:04)
Oracle Fusion Marketing connects marketing and sales teams, helping them work together to sell more by automating the tedious tasks that take too much time. It uses AI to qualify leads and create opportunities and helps to create campaigns across channels for a consistent message.
See the latest innovations for Oracle Advertising and CX.
Join the conversation: #OracleLive


Investigators discover novelist Michael Peterson clutching his dead wife Kathleen, in a pool of blood at the bottom of their back staircase. Michael insists that her death is the result of a tragic fall, but investigators believe otherwise.
Investigators are stunned to discover that sixteen years ago, Michael Peterson's good friend Liz Ratliff also died at the bottom of a staircase, lying in a pool of blood. The trial begins and experts battle over the interpretation of blood spatter.
The defense unveils what they claim is a long sought-after piece of evidence. The prosecution is caught off guard. Then, bombshell revelations about an expert witness threaten to unravel the entire case and give Michael Peterson a shot at freedom.


text:
The way it was: Today in history - June 23
By Radhika Chalasani
June 23, 2016 / 6:00 AM / CBS NEWS
Throwback Thursday: A look back in history on June 23 at Wallis Simpson, Lorena Bobbitt and the first typewriter patent.
Donald Duck, Minnie and Mickey Mouse, and two of the Seven Dwarfs pose with their creator, Hollywood producer Walt Disney, after he received an Honorary Master of Arts degree at commencement at Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. on June 23, 1938.
By CBSNews.com Senior Photo Editor Radhika Chalasani
1st typewriter
The Sun/Library of Congress
On June 23, 1868, Christopher Latham Sholes, Samuel W. Soulé, James Densmore, and Carlos Glidden received the first patent for a commercially made typewriter. This early version looked like a piano with ivory keys for the alphabetical keyboard. The patent was sold to Remington & Sons who began production and later developed the Remington Typewriter with the now standard Qwerty layout.
The caption in The Sun newspaper reads: "The first type-writer, with the piano keys indicating perhaps the inventor's idea of making type-writing a lady-like job."
New traffic signals
The first of 104 new bronze traffic control towers, which will line Fifth Avenue, New York City, from Washington Square to 60th Street, was unveiled in front of the New York Public Library at 41st Street, June 23, 1931.
(L to R) Jacob A. Rappaport, builder; Police Commissioner Mulrooney; Joseph H. Freedlander, architect who designed the tower; and Capt. William J. Pedrick, President of the Fifth Avenue Association.
Duke of Windsor & Wallis Simpson
The Duke of Windsor and Mrs. Bessie Wallis Warfield Simpson pose for photographers in a garden of the Chateau de Cande, France, May 7, 1937.
This is the first time the couple has posed together since the duke abdicated the throne.
Baby gymnastics
Rickets, curvature of the spine and other physical defects in children brought about by shelter life and war conditions generally are now being cured at St. Marys Hospital in East London where a special clinic has been opened through the good graces of the British War Relief Society of America.
With the aid of Neumann-Neurode exercises which take the form of baby gymnastics, Mrs. Estrid Dane, whose efforts in this direction have gained her world-wide recognition, is doing wonderful work in building up mentally and physically healthy children.
Mrs. Estrid Dane, who runs London clinic for blitzed children, treats five-month-old Frederick Bradley for spine curvature in East London, June 23, 1943.
Troop reinforcements in Normandy
U.S. Coast Guard/AP
American reinforcements arrive on the beaches of Normandy from a Coast Guard landing barge into the surf on the French coast on June 23, 1944 during World War II.
They will reinforce fighting units that secured the Norman beachhead and spread north toward Cherbourg.
Contested Republican convention
Delegates with posters and state signs crowd down the center aisle at Convention Hall in Philadelphia during a demonstration for Gov. Thomas E. Dewey after his name was placed in nomination during the Republican National Convention, June 23, 1948.
Dewey won the Republican presidential nomination on the third ballot of a contested convention. Months later, he lost the general election to Democratic incumbent Harry S. Truman.
Tarzan and Cheta
Cheta, "Tarzan's" jungle pal, and Tex (Tarzan) Barker say a sorrowful goodbye before Barker leaves by air for Nairobi, British East Africa, for the filming of "Tarzan's Peril" on jungle locations on June 23, 1950.
"March Against Fear"
Charles Kelly/AP
Helmeted Mississippi Highway patrolmen and Canton police officers wearing gas masks, foreground, move in with riot guns after filling one of the Meredith marcher's tents with teargas in Canton, Mississippi, June 23, 1966. The action took place in a schoolyard which the campers chose for a campsite after being turned away earlier. Several marchers were injured.
The "March Against Fear" with black men only was led by civil rights activist James Meredith, the first African American to enroll at the University of Mississippi, against continued racism despite passage of federal civil rights legislation. Meredith was shot three times by a white gunman on the second day of the march through the Mississippi Delta. The march was continued by other civil rights leaders in Meredith's name after he was hospitalized and many supporters, both black and white, joined in. Following the violence in Canton, MS, 15,000 marchers entered Jackson on June 26 with Meredith and Martin Luther King out front, the largest civil rights march in the state's history.
Sidney Poitier gets a star
Actor Sidney Poitier inscribes his signature in wet cement at Grauman's Chinese Theater in Hollywood, June 23, 1967 after imprinting his hand and footprints in the forecourt of the theater.
Poitier, the first black to win an Academy Award for Best Actor for "Lilies of the Field" in 1964, starred in "To Sir, with Love," "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner" and "Heat of the Night" in 1967.
Nazi war criminal
Austrian Franz Paul Stangl, wartime commander of the Treblinka and Sobibor extermination camps, is accompanied by police officers on his arrival at Dusseldorf Airport in Germany from Brazil, June 23, 1967, to face war crimes charges.
Stangl was found guilty in 1970 for the mass murder of 900,000 people and sentenced to life in prison. He died six months after his sentencing of heart failure.
Charles Rangel elected
RH/AP
Charles Rangel makes a victory gesture on June 23, 1970, at his Harlem headquarters as vote returns indicate his defeat of Rep. Adam Clayton Powell in the Democratic primary for Congressional District covering Harlem.
Rangel went on to become one of the longest serving representatives in the House through 2016. Former Assemblyman Adam Clayton Powell IV, the son of the man who lost his seat to Rangel in 1970, is vying to succeed the congressman.
John Duricka/AP
Special Watergate prosecutor Archibald Cox talks to media outside the U.S. District Court in Washington after ousted White House counsel John W. Dean III pleaded guilty to conspiring to obstruct the Watergate investigation, Oct. 19, 1973.
Materials released by the Nixon Presidential Library on June 23, 2009, showed aides trying to head off a U.S. constitutional crisis and save a presidency after Nixon fired Cox on Oct. 20, 1973. The two top Justice Department officials were fired shortly after Cox voiced his objections to a proposed Watergate tapes compromise and said he planned to ask the federal courts to act on President Richard Nixon's "noncompliance with the court's order."
Nixon and Brezhnev - Détente
President Richard Nixon and Soviet Communist party leader Leonid I. Brezhnev take a stroll on the grounds of the Western White House in San Clemente, Calif. June 23, 1973, during a break in their talks. The Pacific Ocean is in the background.
Nixon became the first U.S. president to visit Moscow when the two Cold Ward leaders met in 1972. The leaders signed the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, the first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) and the U.S.-Soviet Incidents at Sea agreement.
Eddie Adams/AP
A South Korean soldier of the First Infantry Division guards strategic point along the 151-mile DMZ dividing North and South Korea on June 23, 1980.
South Korea has secretly built at series of concrete walls along the DMZ to stymie tanks in the event of an invasion from the North.
Lorena Bobbitt
Steve Helber/AP
The knife used by Lorena Bobbitt to cut off the penis of her husband, John Bobbitt, on June 23, 1993 is part of the evidence used in her malicious wounding trial at the Prince William County Courthouse in Manassas, Va., Jan. 13, 1994.
Lorena Bobbitt claimed that her husband raped her on the night June 23 and after he went to sleep she grabbed a kitchen knife and cut off his penis. She threw the penis out her car window, called 911 and was then arrested. The penis was subsequently found and surgically reattached. The prosecution conceded on the history of abuse by John Bobbitt. Lorena Bobbitt was found not guilty by reason of insanity. The couple divorced in 1995.
New cellphone
Mark Elias/AP
Robert Weisshappel with Motorola Cellular Subscriber Group holds the company's new MicroTac Elite cellular phone and a mock quarter-pound cheeseburger at the Summer Consumer's Electronics Show in Chicago, June 23, 1994.
The phone, the lightest most advanced cellular phone available in the world, weighs 3.9 ounces, less than the cheeseburger.
Christo - "Wrapped Reichstag"
Jockel Finck/AP
An aerial view of the nearly finished "Wrapped Reichstag" project in Berlin, June 23, 1995.
After rain and high winds hampered the "installation" of the work during the last days, the artists Christo and his wife, Jeanne-Claude, hope to finish the wrapping before Sunday.
The German Parliament building was wrapped in more than a million square feet of silver-colored polypropylene fabric in a political and art "happening" visited by thousands.
Minuteman II
Kevork Djansezian/AP
A Minuteman II missile's blazing vapor shows over Southern California after it was launched on June 23, 1997 from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif.
Some southern Californians reported seeing an explosion in the sky but authorities did not confirm the reports. The unarmed intercontinental ballistic missile, reconfigured with a new payload nose section, blasted off at 8:39 p.m. PDT.
Lefteris Pitarakis/AP
A Kosovar Albanian sits in the debris of a house in Pec, June 23, 1999.
The town, the second largest town in the Yugoslav province of Kosovo, was among the hardest-hit during the NATO airstrikes. The NATO campaign was not UN-sanctioned. The Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) were supported by NATO and the Albanian army in the conflict against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia agreed to withdraw from Kosovo ending the war and thousands of refugees returned home.
First published on June 23, 2016 / 6:00 AM


After almost 8 years, Melissa and Jay have decided to close the Newmarket facility of 101 Fitness.
Our NEW training room will be based from our home in Mt Wellington (Watene road, right on the Panmure basin).
From December onwards we will have space for only 20 clients. Next year this number will progressively start to increase.
If you are interested in an early morning weekday training session – contact us now!
Our family has grown over the past 2.5 years and family time is important to us. Operating a full commercial site however makes it difficult to balance our family time and the ability to provide you with the personal touch.
The new training room will initially have space for only 20 clients.
Lower prices and fewer training slots means these positions will fill up fast. Ask for more details.
Thanks for being so understanding during this transition. Also thank you to those continuing with us.
We are sad as we know some people will not be able to move with us to Mt Wellington.
Whether you did 1 session with us or 735 sessions….it has been a great 7.5 years and it was awesome to get to know you.
More Melissa. Jou kleingoed is pragtig, baie geluk. Eks in Wellington en sal waardeer indien jy my kan laat weet of hier n tipe gym is soos julle s'n? Baie dankie, Adrie van Dyk.
Hi Adrie, ek so jammer ek antwoord nou eers…kids hou my besig! Ek was maande laas op die website 🙂 Ek het geen idee van n plek in Wellington ni. Maar ek kan Tannie se tannie moet spier oefeining ook doen. Ek bietjie gekyk ek sien nie iets op die internet nie.


Getting a new paint job for your car? Before you leave your car in the hands of an auto body shop, it's best to ask about the paint they are using. They should be using high-quality paint that will restore the look of the car or even exceed its original quality.
The finishing touch to a car repair project is the paint job. If this isn't efficient and if the shop uses substandard materials, your car will suffer and you will end up paying for it in the future.
Protection against rusting. Your car is exposed to rain, snow, and other elements that can cause corrosion. Instead of letting the elements hit the metal parts of your vehicle directly, the paint serves as the first line of defense. If the new paint isn't applied properly, these elements can seep in and start corroding your vehicle.
Shielding the components. The layer of paint allows your car parts to hold up longer against debris, weathering, salt, gravel, and more. It also shields your vehicle from intense wear and tear while driving on the road.
Maintaining the quality of your car. A professional paint job will retain or even increase the value of your car. This is important, especially if you're planning to your sell your vehicle in the future.
This gives a glossy finish and is the oldest type of car paint. The process of applying this type of paint includes baking the lacquer on the vehicle. If you prefer a single stage acrylic lacquer, it will be sprayed on the car directly. In the case of a double-stage paint job, a clear coat finish will be used.
Take note that this type of body paint is a bit thin and can easily start to chip or fade over time. Still, it's the cheapest option.
This is thicker and more durable but the application will take longer than acrylic lacquer. Still, the quality is top notch but at a more expensive price.
If you want long-lasting body paint, urethane is the best option. It holds well even if exposed to high heat and the finish won't chip easily. The good thing here is that urethane doesn't react harshly when painted over things.
For those looking for an eco-friendly option, water-based body paint is a good bet. It's easy to apply and the glossy finish is exceptional. However, the color selection can be limited.


Under the guidance of an experienced leadership team, we provide an exceptional learning environment that prepares students for meaningful personal lives, professional accomplishments, and responsible global citizenship. We do this by fostering collaborative learning among students, faculty, and staff and by integrating the liberal arts and sciences with professional preparation.
Drake enrolls more than 3,000 undergraduates and 1,800 graduate students from 45 states and more than 42 countries. These students choose from more than 70 majors, minors, and concentrations and 20 graduate degrees offered through six colleges and schools. In addition, we offer a range of continuing education programs serving working professionals, community members, and area businesses.
The Drake Curriculum provides the foundation for undergraduate education, ensuring exposure to a broad selection of areas of inquiry. Other hallmarks of a Drake education include the Honors Program, First-Year Seminars, and World Languages and Cultures. Students also have extensive opportunities to study abroad, complete internships, and take part in independent research.
Extracurricular highlights include more than 160 active student organizations and a thriving Division I athletics program. Among co-curricular opportunities, students take advantage of many options for developing leadership abilities and engaging in service-learning.
The University sponsors an active program of research and outreach. Influential centers and institutes range from The Constitutional Law Center to The National Rehabilitation Institute, and the investigations of individual faculty span an equally broad spectrum.
Drake students, faculty, and staff take full advantage of the wealth of cultural, recreational, and business opportunities found in Des Moines. In return, Drake enriches the city through its own cultural offerings, its considerable economic impact, and many endeavors in service-learning that channel the talent and energy of the Drake community toward meeting the needs of our neighbors.


text:
<Supported Event / 2016 China-UK Ideal Town and Garden City Summit
The Academy Spring Debate 2016: Stewardship>
Urbanism Awards open for nominations
Delano Bart-Stewarton April 1, 2016 /0 comments
The Academy of Urbanism is calling for individuals to nominate a 'Great Place' for the 2017 Urbanism Awards.
The Awards are designed to promote and learn from places that demonstrate positive social, physical and economic urbanism. Organised by built environment network The Academy of Urbanism, the Awards have visited, assessed and celebrated 150 examples of good urbanism across the UK, Ireland and Europe.
The categories include The Great Town, Great Neighbourhood, Great Street and Great Place in the UK and Ireland, as well as a prestigious European City of the Year Award.
Candidates for these Awards are acknowledged for their excellence in aspects ranging from environmental sustainability to community, health and wellbeing.
Stephen Gallagher, director of communications at the Academy, said: "What we are really looking for is to learn from places that have undergone a process of positive transformation, be it visible or behind the scenes. We recognise that not all places are alike, but there are common elements and lessons that we can draw out from the success stories and share with other places that seek to emulate their success."
San Sebastián, Spain, was crowned European City of the Year at last year's awards for its commitment to reducing inequality across the city, as well as its success in using culture as a means to promote a peaceful, post-conflict environment.
Last year's finalists also included Cairns Street in Toxteth, Liverpool, part of the Granby Four Streets regeneration area that won the 2015 Turner Prize.
Nominate a great place for the Urbanism Awards before 11 April online at academyofurbanism.org.uk/awards
NOTES TO EDITOR
The deadline for nominations for the 2017 scheme is Monday 11 April 2016.
Places that have previously reached finalist stage cannot be renominated for at least 10 years. A full list of past finalists is available on the Academy website. Once nominations are closed, entries will be shortlisted into three finalists in each category.
This year's Awards will be held in London in November 2016.


The Big 5 is a gateway to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) providing both exhibitors and visitors with the opportunity to conduct serious business with like-minded professionals.
We would be glad to meet you at our booth during this exhibition. Our friendly and knowledgeable staff would be on hand to answer any questions you may have regarding radiators and cooling systems. This is a great oppurtunity to meet new suppliers and potential customers at the same time under one roof. We look forward to greeting you at the expo and discussing further business opportunities..


If we want to improve and grow we have to set goals. Without a SMART goal, we may not even know what success looks like for us!
This isn't about winning the Olympics or breaking World Records. This is about breaking our own personal records, becoming the strongest version of ourselves and really getting the most out of our running.
By following the SMART goal framework below you can add real purpose to your running and inject the motivation needed to push the boundaries!
This is the first step in setting any goal. Saying you just want to improve your running is not specific enough and is way too vague to give you a solid target to work towards.
So ask yourself what EXACTLY do you want to achieve? e.g. Run 5 miles without stopping, run your first marathon.
This part of the SMART goal framework lends itself very well to running as it's possible to measure almost everything.
By making it measurable you will know exactly how you are tracking towards your goal and when you have achieved it.
If you're training for a distance you have run before then setting a target time will rejuvenate the challenge for you and will encourage you to put in the effort and enthusiasm required to improve.
It's important to set goals that stretch you, an easy way to do this is to set a target time which you would find a challenge and then reduce it by a further minute. However, it is also important not to set ridiculous goals.
If you're still quite early in your running journey, setting a goal of finishing a marathon in under 3 hours could lead to you losing hope and giving up entirely.
Your goal should scare you slightly, not make you burst out laughing.
This part of the SMART framework is all about keeping your goals relevant to you. Why do you want to run?
It's not always about distances and times, if you run to be social then why not make it a goal to attend every meeting at your local running club.
This final aspect ties everything together. Set a deadline, without one your goal is nothing more than another "one day I'll do it".
Pick an event, pay the entry fee and get yourself locked in. You can also post on social media to keep yourself accountable to your friends.
If you find that you're achieving your goal before the deadline then re-adjust it and strap yourself in for greatness!
Write this sentence down on paper and stick it somewhere you'll see it.
I will achieve [specific goal] by running [measured result]. I believe it is attainable and it is relevant to me because [relevant reason]. I will achieve this goal by [timed deadline].
Good luck with your smart goals and most importantly, have fun!


It all boils down to whether one understands how the mind works or not. Be it your mind or my mind, the "mind" has a universal nature that can be universally understood, if given time and effort. If the mind is not properly known or given awareness, many a time that mind becomes the pursuit of "a personality". A sense of "self" arises from it instead of knowing that it is just a mind-made experience.
The mind is not personal, but it can be personalised according to what it is being conditioned to take on. And once it is being conditioned, it has a natural effect of its own; and this effect is universal in any mind. For example, judgmental comparison – its effect will be universal – either jealousy or looking down on another, or even putting one equal to another – depending on which end of the spectrum one is standing. It is just a game of deception that can be universally recognised, if only you were to take the time to be aware of its nature – the nature of the mind.
Hence, it is a matter of playing with the mind, or understanding the mind. Many a time we are not on the latter journey, which requires mindfulness or awareness to observe the mind. Worse, when the mind is being played, many of us are not even aware that we are "playing" with the mind. It is so deeply identified, that "me", "I" or "mine" can only be its experience.
Thus, when we are depressed, sad, happy or anything for that matter, we do not realise that they are all effects – a natural effect of what we have planted in the mind beforehand. "Effect" in the sense that, as I have mentioned, the mind has its own natural path that can be pretty predictable when it comes to what you have planted beforehand. It is similar to the workings of the world. We don't expect to have apples if we were to plant an orange seed. Neither can we expect to have a fantastic fruit-growing tree if we don't nurture it well. Another mind-made example would be investing "trust" in another, only to be rewarded with "betrayal" at the end, if it turns out otherwise. The world is only a repetition of the past, over and over again, except the stories are different. The conditioning being played out is pretty much the same, all the time, though the storylines may have changed. We are not skilled in noticing those repetitive clues, or that we are not taught to notice them since we keep on playing and trying to perfect the game, hoping that one day it will be different. Every moment is perfect. There is no perfection in the future. That is the deception of Delusion, like a mouse on a treadmill, not knowing when and how to stop and jump out of it. A beautiful saying from Rumi, a well-known Sufi, illustrates this: Why do you stay in prison when the door is so wide open?
Thus, happiness or sadness, that we are experiencing moment to moment, is due to how we play with our minds. A good reminder from a well-known meditation teacher, Shwe Oo Min Sayadaw, is this – "if this mind is suffering, it is the fault of this mind". But the question to oneself is not about how much happiness to arrive at or unhappiness to escape from since there is NO permanent happy or unhappy ever after. It is a fallacy. It keeps changing over time due to the arising conditions. In other words, it is not a bargain or a fixated experience. It comes as it comes and goes as it goes – impersonal to anyone for that matter.
The purpose of mindfulness or awareness, ultimately, is to realise that no matter how we play with the mind, it never ends. It just keeps producing fruits of personalised mind, a sense of egocentrism, the so-called "I am". Yet, behind it all, it is empty of a self. Yet, the irony is that the experience of self is very real for many of us, simply because we are playing with it, totally immersed and identified with it! In reality, it is just nature of the mind arising all along, changing and changing over time. Hence, a good "person" may change to be bad over time and vice versa. A kind "person" too may be wicked anytime, depending on whatever potential in the mind awaiting to arise. In reality, it is not a "person", but a conditioned mind of the past playing up. Hence, to judge someone by their acts can be pretty trivial or erroneous, not to mention, ignorant.
The purpose of awareness or mindfulness is NOT to generate more happiness though that may be its unavoidable effect. Otherwise, that intention "to have more happiness" will create new minds to perpetuate. To know that the mind changes every second is to understand one of its nature. Hence, to say "I am very XYZ" is a misleading statement, if not, ignorant. And not to see that nature is to await a time bomb, of whatever opposites that the mind can produce later. Our suffering comes from that – a personalised game of deception that we are not aware.
To know the mind more and more, and to understand it deeper and deeper, is a Grace indeed. Ultimately it helps us to stop the cycle of being trapped in the quagmire mind game which keeps on producing endlessly, until a way of ending it is in sight. Sad to say, that game, if not noticed, does not end after death, as the mind cannot die but continues on, subjected to whatever conditions one has given to it to make it survive and continue. Death and birth moments are insidious programmes to make one forget one's past lives, thus making the reality of existence before birth or afterlife a fallacy. Birth, or even death, doesn't tell much about the mind except the form – the body. Rebirth is NOT a belief. It can be clearly known when one notices one's own mind over and over again; seeing how it never ends whether one wishes it to end or not. To believe or not to believe in rebirth is just another mind game, until realized through direct observation.
In summary, to be aware or mindful of our own mind, of all its incessant dependencies, tricks, habits, patterns, and the sufferings it entails, never mind the little happiness that comes along, is a major shift of how we finally escape the rounds of birth and death, aka the mind game of deception. The concept of heaven, hell, or earth, will all come to an end when the wheel of conditioning of the mind is being finally seen for the last time. If you have not realized there is such a thing as heaven or hell, forget about it then, otherwise, it will just be another dogmatic belief, another mind game. Just notice your mind more, be mindful or aware of it, as consistent as you can. Then you will know why those realms do exist. All made up by the mind, specifically by delusion, for its own continuity of deception. The mind is our only case study. An important mystery to be solved, once and for all. Is there "life", or just mind-made?


text:
Aphaniosoma gallagheri är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Ebejer 1996. Aphaniosoma gallagheri ingår i släktet Aphaniosoma och familjen gulflugor.

Artens utbredningsområde är Oman. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Gulflugor
gallagheri


text:
Q: i'm getting alpha numeric imei in android google pixel phones when i'm trying to get IMEI from google pixel 3 (android 10), i'm getting alpha numeric data. if anyone knows the issue please let me know.
 public static String getUniqueIMEIId(Context context) {
    try {
        TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
        if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            // TODO: Consider calling
            //    ActivityCompat#requestPermissions
            // here to request the missing permissions, and then overriding
            //   public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions,
            //                                          int[] grantResults)
            // to handle the case where the user grants the permission. See the documentation
            // for ActivityCompat#requestPermissions for more details.
            return "";
        }
        String imei = telephonyManager.getDeviceId();
        Log.e("imei", "=" + imei);
        if (imei != null && !imei.isEmpty()) {
            return imei;
        } else {
            return android.os.Build.SERIAL;
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return "not_found";
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


No citizens in the United States and the state of California claim that they should pay more taxes. Almost everybody dislikes paying taxes, and almost everybody thinks that the money that is collected is spent incorrectly and therefore wasted. However, although most people oppose increased taxes, they also oppose program cuts. In fact, as the state of California's surplus swelled in 2000, 67 percent of the respondents in a statewide survey in California said that they would have preferred using the surplus revenue for state and local services such as education, law enforcement, and transportation, compared with 20 percent who called for a rebate. Like their national counterparts, Californian public policy makers have struggled to find a fair system of taxation to pay for needed programs. Given the involvement of so many public and private interests, however, fairness is difficult to determine. Moreover, during the past few decades taxation and budget decisions have been subject to radical change. Somehow the state's infrastructure has survived, as has the national infrastructure; although critics have been less than thrilled with the fiscal uncertainty that has become commonplace in Californian government.
Both citizens and the media tend to focus on state and national politics, but local government activities often have a greater impact on our daily lives. Cities, countries, and school district s make decisions affecting the traffic on our streets, the quality and quantity of our water, the comfort and safety of our neighborhoods, the education of our children, and the assistance available to those of us who fall on hard times. Local government is also where citizens can have their greatest influence, simply because it is closer than Sacramento for the Californian government and Washington D.C. for the national government. But although local governments are accountable to the citizens they serve, they are also agencies of the state of California. Local governments are created by state law, which assigns them their rights and duties, mandating some functions and activities and prohibiting others. The state also allocates taxing powers and snares revenues with local governments at any time, expanding or reducing their tasks, their funding, and their independence.
California's political system gives residents of cities and counties many opportunities to decide what sort of communities they want, and Californians have made good use of these opportunities. But the state also limits what can be done at the local level of government within the state of California, as Proposition 13 and on going budget battles clearly show. Some may even dispute such intervention, but the state of California's authority remains supreme over its local governments just as the United States' government has supreme authority over all state governments.
"Most Victorians- particularly middle class Victorians- were more actively religious than their eighteent-century predecessors."


text:
Q: Unusual white rectangle in tableGrob A while ago I asked this question about combining a ggplot legend with a table in R to make the legend a bit more informative. The answers were very helpful and I had been using the accepted solution with no issues until recently. Now,  I've tried applying that approach to a slightly modified script and for some reason I am getting an unexpected white rectangle on top of the legend. Essentially, I make a tableGrob from a table and position it so that it is next to the ggplot legend so that they appear to be the same element. There is some other formatting that I've omitted for clarity. I've posted some example images below:

For the life of me, I cannot figure out why that rectangle is there or how to remove it. Any insight would be much appreciated.
Code:
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(gridExtra)
library(grid)
library(patchwork)

#Data
fullData <- structure(list(error = c(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6), prob.ed = c(0.005, 0.041, 0.298, 0.753, 0.966, 0.998,
0.999, 0.005, 0.091, 0.598, 0.949, 0.997, 0.998, 0.999, 0.005,
0.091, 0.598, 0.949, 0.997, 0.998, 0.999, 0.007, 0.261, 0.875,
0.996, 1, 1, 1, 0.038, 0.568, 0.983, 1, 1, 1, 1), prob.fr = c(0.005,
0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005,
0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005,
0.005, 0.005, 0.007, 0.007, 0.007, 0.007, 0.007, 0.007, 0.007,
0.038, 0.038, 0.038, 0.038, 0.038, 0.038, 0.038), N = c(2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2), rules = c("13SD", "13SD",
"13SD", "13SD", "13SD", "13SD", "13SD", "13SD-22SD", "13SD-22SD",
"13SD-22SD", "13SD-22SD", "13SD-22SD", "13SD-22SD", "13SD-22SD",
"13SD-22SD-R4SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD",
"13SD-22SD-R4SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD",
"13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD",
"13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD",
"13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD-Xbar", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD-Xbar", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD-Xbar",
"13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD-Xbar", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD-Xbar", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD-Xbar",
"13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD-Xbar")), row.names = c(NA, -35L), class = "data.frame")

#Table for tableGrob
critTable <- structure(list(error = c(7, 7, 7, 7, 7), prob.ed = c(0.192, 0.456,
0.456, 0.77, 0.962), prob.fr = c(0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.007,
0.038), N = c(2, 2, 2, 2, 2), rules = c("13SD", "13SD-22SD",
"13SD-22SD-R4SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD-Xbar"
)), row.names = c(NA, -5L), class = "data.frame")

#ggplot
plot <- plot <- ggplot(fullData, aes(x = error, y = prob.ed, group = rules, colour = as.factor(rules))) +
  geom_vline(xintercept = 1.75, colour = "red", linetype = "dashed") +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0.90, linetype = "dashed") +
  geom_line(data = full.data %>%
              group_by(rules) %>%
              do({tibble(error = seq(min(.$error), max(.$error),length.out=100),
                  prob.ed = pchip(.$error, .$prob.ed, error))}),
            size = 1) +
  scale_x_continuous(labels = full.data$error, breaks = full.data$error, expand = c(0, 0.05)) +
  scale_y_continuous(expand = expansion(add = c(0.01, 0.01))) +
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Dark2") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(
    legend.position=c(0.93,0.2075),
    legend.title=element_blank(),
    legend.background = element_blank(),
    legend.key.size = unit(0.687, "cm"),
    legend.text = element_text(size = 12))

#tableGrob
table <- tableGrob(critTable %>%
                     select(prob.fr,
                            prob.ed,) %>%
                     rename(`Prb FR` = prob.fr,
                            `Prb ED` = prob.ed) %>%
                     mutate(Rules = ""),
                   rows = NULL,
                   theme = ttheme_minimal())

#ggplot + tableGrob
plot <- plot + inset_element(table,
                             left = 0.65, bottom = 0.2, right = 0.9, top = .3, align_to = 'full')

A: I adapted the code a little (added: library(pracma))
changed full.data to fullData in some positions in ggplot. The solution is not exactly the desired output. But it should be a good start to interfere.
So the white rectangle is caused by ttheme_minimal in tableGrob. You can adapt with gridExtra::ttheme_default().
I prefer as already suggested here r - tableGrob background (but somehow newer recognized in any way) to add theme_void() and tweak the positions left, right, top and bottom etc...
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(gridExtra)
library(grid)
library(patchwork)
library(pracma)
#install.packages("pracma")
#Data
fullData <- structure(list(error = c(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
                                     5, 6, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
                                     5, 6), prob.ed = c(0.005, 0.041, 0.298, 0.753, 0.966, 0.998,
                                                        0.999, 0.005, 0.091, 0.598, 0.949, 0.997, 0.998, 0.999, 0.005,
                                                        0.091, 0.598, 0.949, 0.997, 0.998, 0.999, 0.007, 0.261, 0.875,
                                                        0.996, 1, 1, 1, 0.038, 0.568, 0.983, 1, 1, 1, 1), prob.fr = c(0.005,
                                                                                0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005,
                                                                                0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.005,
                                                                                0.005, 0.005, 0.007, 0.007, 0.007, 0.007, 0.007, 0.007, 0.007,
                                                                                0.038, 0.038, 0.038, 0.038, 0.038, 0.038, 0.038), N = c(2, 2,
                                                                                2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
                                                                                2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2), rules = c("13SD", "13SD",
                                                                                "13SD", "13SD", "13SD", "13SD", "13SD", "13SD-22SD", "13SD-22SD",
                                                                                "13SD-22SD", "13SD-22SD", "13SD-22SD", "13SD-22SD", "13SD-22SD",
                                                                                "13SD-22SD-R4SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD",
                                                                                "13SD-22SD-R4SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD",
                                                                                "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD",
                                                                                "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD",
                                                                                "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD-Xbar", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD-Xbar", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD-Xbar",
                                                                                "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD-Xbar", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD-Xbar", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD-Xbar",
                                                                                "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD-Xbar")), row.names = c(NA, -35L), class = "data.frame")

#Table for tableGrob
critTable <- structure(list(error = c(7, 7, 7, 7, 7), prob.ed = c(0.192, 0.456,
                                                                  0.456, 0.77, 0.962), prob.fr = c(0.005, 0.005, 0.005, 0.007,
                                                                                0.038), N = c(2, 2, 2, 2, 2), rules = c("13SD", "13SD-22SD",
                                                                                "13SD-22SD-R4SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD", "13SD-22SD-R4SD-41SD-Xbar"
                                                                                )), row.names = c(NA, -5L), class = "data.frame")

#ggplot
plot <- ggplot(fullData, aes(x = error, y = prob.ed, group = rules, colour = as.factor(rules))) +
  geom_vline(xintercept = 1.75, colour = "red", linetype = "dashed") +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0.90, linetype = "dashed") +
  geom_line(data = fullData %>%
              group_by(rules) %>%
              do({tibble(error = seq(min(.$error), max(.$error),length.out=100),
                         prob.ed = pchip(.$error, .$prob.ed, error))}),
            size = 1) +
  scale_x_continuous(labels = fullData$error, breaks = fullData$error, expand = c(0, 0.05)) +
  scale_y_continuous(expand = expansion(add = c(0.01, 0.01))) +
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Dark2") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(
    legend.position=c(0.93,0.2075),
    legend.title=element_blank(),
    legend.background = element_blank(),
    legend.key.size = unit(0.687, "cm"),
    legend.text = element_text(size = 12))

#tableGrob
table <- tableGrob(critTable %>%
                     select(prob.fr,
                            prob.ed,) %>%
                     rename(`Prb FR` = prob.fr,
                            `Prb ED` = prob.ed) %>%
                     mutate(Rules = ""),
                   rows = NULL,
                   theme = ttheme_minimal())

#ggplot + tableGrob
plot + inset_element(table,
                     left = 0.8, bottom = 0.2,
                     right = 0.9, top = .24, align_to = 'panel')+
  theme_void()


I Find it interesting that "Liar, Liar" gets no radio airtime (unless you know differently), certainly on any of Aunty's channels, due to their "impartiality rules".
That's a bit odd, I thought, given the bias, both blatant and subliminal, that has been apparent in almost all of their recent broadcasts with any political content.
This entry was posted in Politics on May 31, 2017 by Alex Potter.