The benefits of Building Information Modelling (BIM) have long been acknowledged: using technology-enabled processes to give everybody involved in a project 'one version of the truth' that can be shared and perfected before construction work starts, results in a smoother, quicker, construction process with less scope for mistakes, disagreements or delays.
Despite this, the water industry and its contractors have been relatively slow to embrace the promise of BIM. Few companies have yet proved themselves BIM-capable by earning BSI accreditation at level 2 – the standard which covers all the key processes that take place between the start of capital expenditure on a project and project handover.
Having been a keen advocate for digital engineering most of his career, Gary Ross, NM Group's head of digital transformation, is better placed than most to talk about the benefits and challenges of implementing BIM. He was involved with the government's initial efforts to promote BIM in the mid-1990s, and has chaired regional groups of companies on the subject; he has worked for a major supplier of BIM software, and as a consultant to many construction and engineering companies and customers. He joined NM Group in 2016, and has just helped the company achieve BSI verification for working at BIM level 2.
While technological barriers have also previously held back BIM back – with different versions of software which were as incompatible as VHS and Betamax – Ross feels that this has now been largely addressed and cultural factors are more important.
"To become level 2 you have to perform to a standard set of procedures, and there's a structure around the way you transfer work between different people. Everyone's role is laid out, with their actions and the approvals process, and it formalises the whole thing – there are no corners that are able to be cut. To me, it's always been complete common sense, but getting an industry that is used to cutting corners to do it properly, remains a major task for most businesses.
Ross praised the culture at NM Group which he said had allowed the company to go from "zero to hero" on BIM in a relatively short space of time. One of the keys has been working with external partners – whether suppliers, subcontractors or customers – to educate them about the BIM level 2 process. It has held both one-on-one sessions and quarterly collective sessions to discuss the process and meeting the new expectations; the company is willing to spend time and money on 'hand holding' suppliers who need a greater level of support, Ross adds.
Water company clients have become very enthusiastic about BIM in the last couple of years, but sometimes do not appreciate their own responsibilities in terms of maintaining the data created from the process, says Ross. Integral to the BIM approach is that asset owners will keep and maintain the BIM data so that it can be used when future work is required on that asset – which might involve a timespan of decades in the case of water companies.
To correct the misconception people have that BIM is all about design and construction, Ross prefers the term 'Better Information Management' rather than 'Building Information Modelling' as an acronym for BIM. He believes this will help people move quickly into the mindset required for BIM level 3, which concerns information relating to assets that are already in the ground, and how they can be maintained and/or modified.
NM Group is striving to bring about more offsite manufacture in water industry projects, which will be assisted by its emphasis on BIM. Ross stresses that achieving level 2 accreditation is only the first step in an ambitious ongoing journey for the company, and that BIM will soon become the industry standard. Those who are not already thinking ahead to the next stage will get left behind.
"BIM is not an outcome, it's a process, it's a way of working, it's a culture. Everybody needs to sign up to that process of managing information better. If just one link in the chain doesn't buy into it, then it doesn't work," he concludes.
-NM Group was named Water Industry Contractor of the Year in the Water Industry Awards 2018, held in May and organised by WET News and WWT.
-This article appeared in the August 2018 issue of WET News magazine.


Rising majestically over the Belfast skyline, the eye-catching seahorse logos at the top of the new Grand Central Hotel certainly make a statement with a capital "S".
So, when the opportunity arose to visit the Grand Central as a guest, it was one I certainly didn't want to miss, even if it was only to find out what the seahorses were all about.
Stunning views from The Observatory on the 23rd floor of the Grand Central Hotel.
Stepping into the luxurious lobby on a busy Saturday afternoon, it would be easy to believe we were in Manhattan rather than Bedford Street. There's a real cosmopolitan feel to this light and airy space, with a distinctly upscale but relaxed ambience.
After a swift check-in thanks to the efficient and friendly reception team, my husband and I were free to find out what the new Grand Central has to offer. It was, after all, promoted as "more than a hotel. It's an ode to a city".
It wasn't long before we started to realise what incredible vision had gone in to the hotel's creation.
This is the city's second Grand Central Hotel, the original being an ornate five-storey establishment with a tall copper dome on Royal Avenue from 1893 to the 1970s, and which was demolished in 1985.
While the architecture and interior design of the new hotel is in a different league to its predecessor, there is more than a nod to the rich heritage of the past.
For example, a display of china from the original Grand Central has a fine pride of place on a wall in the new hotel's first floor.
And little touches throughout the hotel pay tribute to Belfast's history - from artwork in the Seahorse Restaurant to quotations on the walls of the escalators - all giving a real feel of pride in the city - past and present.
Our room - on the 19th floor - was quickly reached by one of the speedy elevators and within minutes we were gazing out over the expansive Belfast skyline.
There are 300 luxurious bedrooms and suites in the Grand Central and our accommodation was certainly a total oasis of calm way above the bustle of the city centre.
Beautifully decorated in soft shades of cream, grey and teal, our room was the perfect retreat from the busy streets below.
The room was fitted out with the very latest in entertainment home comforts, with a useful touch being an easily-available HDMI socket.
A huge and incredibly comfortable bed, with super soft high quality linen and throw, made sure that a great night's sleep was ensured.
The elegant but practical bathroom, provided luxurious Espa toiletries and a nice touch was that the trademark Hastings duck had been swapped for a Grand Central seahorse.
Our room typified my impression of the entire hotel - it has been furnished to the highest of standards with top quality materials throughout and with a fine eye to design detail.
To be stunned even further make sure to take in a trip to The Observatory on the 23rd floor.
This certainly is a cocktail lounge with a difference - namely the jaw-droppingly spectacular and unique views over Belfast and beyond. A visit to The Observatory - the highest bar in all of Ireland - is well worth the experience and a real mix of stunning views and decadent decor. Seek out an Observatory host or ask at reception for details on how to access this unique venue.
For dinner we were booked in to the beautiful Seahorse Restaurant, just one of the dining choices in the Grand Central Hotel.
With its high ceilings and beautiful colour scheme, the Seahorse Restaurant is both perfect for intimate evening dining and morning breakfast.
At either time of day, a window seat is a great place to enjoy an unusual view of the streets below and make the dining experience all the more special.
Hastings Hotels' chefs are renowned for their passion for carefully-selected and seasonal quality foods.
Our a la carte menu produced under the supervision of Grand Central's Executive Head Chef Damian Tumilty proved to be both exceptional in quality and flavour.
I chose a Fig and Burrata Salad with truffle honey, candied walnuts and Serrano ham to start while my husband opted for Heritage Beetroot Salad, with goat's cheese and walnut gralona.
We both chose salt aged sirloin steaks with Bearnaise sauce for our main course - expertly cooked to perfection.
My dessert of Lemon and Elderflower Posset was simply divine. My husband declared his Amarena Cherry and Almond Bakewell Tart one of his all-time favourites - and that's saying something!
As Belfast's newest luxury hotel, the Grand Central certainly shows not only confidence in Belfast's future but also is proud to share the city's past.
For more details on the Grand Central Hotel, or to book, go to www.grandcentralhotelbelfast.com or call 028 9023 1066.


Have you finally come to the conclusion that you need termite protection for your home, but figure you'll probably be safe till spring? We understand. It can seem like a waste to start termite services with the colder temperatures of winter fast approaching. So, is this a good idea? You decide.
"Aren't termites cold-blooded insects?" Yes. That means that they are unable to regulate their body temperature. When the soil gets too cold, they must go deeper into the ground to keep from freezing. For this reason, many people believe that termites are not a danger when it starts to get cold. This is only partly true. Though termites do hide from freezing cold temperatures, not all ground freezes. If you have crawl spaces under your home, those termites will happily feed all winter long. In fact, they will feed 24 hours a day, seven days a week, all winter long. Termites do not hibernate and they do not sleep. If they have found a place to hide from the elements, they can take root and feed, even in winter.
"Yes. But, termites aren't going to infest my home in winter." This is true. If you don't already have termites when winter comes, it is not likely that you will get termites during the winter. The problem is, you may already have termites, and not know it. These insects can live entirely inside wood and soil for years without detection. Waiting to get termite protection means those termites have another winter to eat away at the support structures of your home.
"Is there a way I can check to see if I have termites already?" There are some things you can look for.
Do an inspection around the exterior of your home. If you have wood near your home, examine it for termite activity.
Look on basement walls and inside crawl spaces for mud tubes. Subterranean termites create these tubes to protect themselves as they travel in and out of a structure.
You can also find mud tubes inside your home. Look in areas that are secluded and moist.
Listen to your walls. Termites bang their heads on tunnel walls to communicate. If you are close enough to active termites, you will hear clicking.
You should know that termites are notoriously good at avoiding detection. Our own White House had termites for several years, until swarmers started showing up inside the West Wing. So, although doing a self-inspection is better than no inspection at all, it is better to have a professional do it.
Don't wait to get termite protection. You know that termites in Maryland and Virginia are a danger to your property. Start protecting your home today by calling American Pest Montgomery County. We will thoroughly inspect, safely eliminate, and discreetly protect your home from future infestations. Our service is second to none. Contact American Pest and discover why we are the name Maryland and Virginia trusts for pest control.


Do you know what a "hatchet job" is?
It's when one person sets out to hurt another person by writing something scathing, malicious, biased and unjustified. It's also a way that insurance companies save millions in states like Michigan, by sending people out for short, one-time insurance medical exams (IMEs).
Tragically, that's what these insurance company-ordered IMEs have become: hatchet jobs.
In reality, IME exams – the nastier the better – are used to set up denials of No Fault benefits and workers compensation benefits. They're used to contest the pain and suffering of people who are seriously and legitimately hurt in automobile accidents.
And the system is rigged with enormous incentives for insurance companies and skilled defense lawyers to use IME exams. They are given vast discounts at case evaluation and arbitrations on what they otherwise would have to pay based upon these "second opinon" IME exams. Sometimes, unsuspecting juries believe them, and listen to the insurance company doctor who said there was "nothing wrong" with an injured auto accident victim.
IMEs also cause psychological damage to the people who must undergo them. Imagine how you would feel if you knew a complete stranger – and a medical doctor to boot – said you're are exaggerating or malingering your injuries from a car accident for money. Imagine how sickened you would feel if you read the report from the IME doctor, and read about "admissions" you allegedly made to this doctor that you know you never said.
I've recently written blogs saying IMEs are conducted by "very biased" doctors who are "wholly lacking in credibility as well as reliability" such as this one about my "dear friend" Dr. Greiffenstein, a defense neuropscyologist in Michigan who performs frequent IME exams in this state. And those words above are not from me, but from a federal judge.
I've also written about how auto insurers, such as State Farm, have implemented IME policies that aim to increase profits by tens of millions of dollars by targeting auto accident victims for No Fault benefit denials and cut-offs.
Lying: Putting words in the auto accident victim's mouth that help the insurance company.
Fabricating medical conditions that the auto accident victim doesn't have to justify with a diagnosis that's "safe" for the insurance company and won't cost the insurance company money.
Blaming chronic pain on medical conditions that don't exist, and that do not cause pain.
Blaming chronic pain on causes unrelated to the car accident.
Ignoring actual, well-documented medical evidence of injuries that support the diagnoses of treating physicians.
Using non-standardized tests that cannot be independently scored by third-parties to verify the accuracy and reliability of the tests.
Misrepresenting medical evidence and diagnostic testing.
Were and every one of these IME tactics were on display in my case of Fairley v. Schiber Truck? In this case, attorney Tom James and I represented a man who suffered a traumatic brain injury, depression and two fractured vertebrae when he was rear-ended by a semi-truck and pushed into another oncoming semi-truck.
You can decide for yourself. Tomorrow I will show how this played out in real IME dep of Dr. Rosalind Griffin.
You tell me how many of the IME abuses and "hatchet job tactics" you can find (and I will include the actual transcript itself so you can see word for word exactly what was asked and how my questions were answered by Dr. Rosalind Griffin).


The discipline of Fine Arts offers undergraduate courses on Art History, Art Appreciation, Visual Communication, Film-making and Aesthetics. Students explore art genres and their historical context in a focused way and take up applied projects.
Students are exposed to different mediums and techniques for visual expression such as the print media, computer aided design and media, films and animation. They understand the theory and its multiple constituents and are provided with the opportunity to explore the potential of the creative media.


From out dated brass faucets to funky colored tile, most homeowners know the first place to show signs of dating or wear and tear is the bathroom. That is why many homeowners decide to take on bathroom renovations and invest in their home.
Here are the top 5 benefits of bathroom remodeling.
Bathroom remodels can dramatically increase the value of your home. By replacing outdated features with modern and energy efficient baths, toilets and sinks you can increase the value of your home by $2000-$3000. In addition to getting a higher return on investment, you will get the peace of mind that your house will be easier to sell.
Whether it is a sink that perpetually leaks or cracked tiles, a bathroom renovation gives the homeowner the opportunity to fix any unsafe features or dangerous components in your bathroom.
Another huge benefit of remodeling your bathroom is the space gained in your bathroom. You can now make a small bathroom feel more spacious by remodeling it. Take advantage of the 2014 creative bathroom trends showcased here (http://marrokal.com/2014-creative-bathroom-trends) and de-clutter your bathroom. Open up the room, change the design and replace old furniture to enjoy a real change in your bathroom.
You can also add additional storage space in your bathroom by using modern solutions,such as open shelving, medicine cabinets, storage racks and wall storage.
There is quite a buzz around energy efficient or green homes. The EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) estimates that about 10% homeowners have upgraded their bathrooms with energy efficient appliances and fixtures. These homes bring in savings of $1.5 billion worth of energy costs and 70 billion gallons of water.
When remodeling your bathroom, you can bring some of the luxuries of our modern age within, making this part of the house much more attractive, functional and enjoyable. There are countless innovations in regards to sinks, toilets, shower cabinets and lighting. You can even watch your favorite TV show while relaxing in a Jacuzzi tub or enjoy a warm toilet seat during the cold winter nights. The possibilities are endless.
Bathroom remodeling is more than a trend. It is a necessity. If you want to give your bathroom a more modern & appealing aspect, do not hesitate to contact us at http://marrokal.com or give us a call at 617.441.9300. Marrokal is your professional remodeling contractor that is well able not only to meet your needs, but also to exceed all expectations.


As a midwest native, founder Christina Murray, has been raised with a strong desire to see, know, and understand. She's a problem solver and a creative thinker driven by curiosity, fueled by collaboration, and inspired by everything. She's forever seeking new experiences, projects, and places to nourish her sense of wonder and quench her need to create.
Whether for your brand, product, publication, or event, let CMND help you speak and convey your ideas with authority, while also dominating a strategic position - custom to you and your project needs.


text:
Dubai's OSN Extends Content Deal With Warner Bros
OSN, Dubai-based pay-TV firm, has announced an extension to its exclusive output agreement with the video-on-demand provider and the Hollywood movie studio Warner Bros International Television Distribution. The agreement also aims to offer some key shows, at the "same minute" as they premiere in the US.
The long-term agreement between OSN and studio Warner Bros International Television Distribution has been extended until 2020. As a result, OSN subscribers will have the advantages to access Warner Bros' blockbuster movies in the shortest possible time after their theatrical release. They will also be able to view the top TV series of Warner Bros. The subscribers can access all of Warner Bros content in full HD on both OSN pay-TV channels and on catch-up basis via OSN On Demand and OSN Play.
According to the CEO of OSN named David Butorac
This is a milestone partnership that enhances our content delivery and demonstrates our focus on delivering outstanding entertainment for our subscribers.
The president of Warner Bros Worldwide Television Distribution, Jeffrey Schlesinger also added
OSN has quickly become as the top-rated and fastest growing pay-TV network in the MENA region, one of the key markets for Warner Bros. Through this deal, we will deliver our premium content spanning hit movies, popular TV series to OSN's subscribers exclusively.
جهاز القنوات العربية في امريكا
Easybox Arabia
Al Ghad Al Arabi – The First Private News Channel In Cairo
Emirates Launches Arabic Version Of Mobile Website

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Petrol heads – this one is for you! If you like your four wheels, the Hot Rod City's Hollywood Cars Museum is the place to go. A world-class collection of some of the most recognised and iconic vehicles in the world, the Cars Museum is home to the one and only Batmobile, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang and the Back to the Future car, Delorean.
The Hot Rod City Hollywood Cars Museum by Jay Ohrberg will blow your mind and you won't have seen anything like it. From wild automobile masterpieces from beyond the realm of Hollywood and any imagination, you'll see a bunk bed hot rod, a piano car, a surf-buggy car and a 40-foot pink hot tub convertible limo!
The Liberace Foundation for the Performing and Creative Arts will unveil a museum that will showcase legendary automobiles from his stage acts. The museum will be located inside the Hollywood Cars Museum.
• The 1961 Rolls Royce Phantom V limousine, which was used for his acts at the Las Vegas Hilton and shown in the award-winning HBO movie, "Behind the Candelabra"


text:
Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP), v1
Settlement Points, v1 (1990, 1995, 2000)
Coastlines, v1 (2000)
Land and Geographic Unit Area Grids, v1 (1990)
National Administrative Boundaries, v1 (2000)
National Identifier Grid, v1 (1995, 2000, 2010)
Population Count Grid, v1 (1990, 1995, 2000)
Population Density Grid, v1 (1990, 1995, 2000)
Settlement Points, v1.01 (1990, 1995, 2000)
Urban Extent Polygons, v1.01 (1995)
Urban Extents Grid, v1 (1995)
Map Services (10)
GPW and GRUMP
SEDAC Hazards Mapper
Map Services
Center for International Earth Science Information Network - CIESIN - Columbia University, International Food Policy Research Institute - IFPRI, The World Bank, and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical - CIAT. 2011. Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project, Version 1 (GRUMPv1): Settlement Points. Palisades, NY: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). https://doi.org/10.7927/H4M906KR. Accessed DAY MONTH YEAR.
Balk, D.L., U. Deichmann, G. Yetman, F. Pozzi, S. I. Hay, and A. Nelson. 2006. Determining Global Population Distribution: Methods, Applications and Data. Advances in Parasitology 62:119-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-308X(05)62004-0.
View Revision 01
An updated version of the settlement points data set (v1.01) is at http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/grump-v1-settlement-points-rev01.
For the latest SEDAC gridded population data collection based on the 2010 round of censuses, please see http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/collection/gpw-v4
Select and download data:


text:
U.S. Supreme Court Throws Wrench in Obama's Clean Power Plan
The Supreme Court has issued a stay on the Clean Power Plan until the appellate courts can settle lawsuits brought up against it.
February 10, 2016 •
Paul Monies, The Oklahoman, Oklahoma City
(TNS) -- The U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday halted implementation of the Clean Power Plan, granting a stay sought by Oklahoma and more than two dozen other states, utilities and coal companies.
The court ruled 5-4 to reverse an earlier decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia that denied a stay on the Obama administration's plan to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and other greenhouse gases from power plants.
The Supreme Court halted the plan until the appeals court could issue its decision on several lawsuits against the rule. The appellate court has consolidated those cases and scheduled oral arguments for June 2.
Oklahoma Attorney General Scott Pruitt said granting the stay gives states some clarity. His office joined in the stay appeal on behalf of Oklahoma and the Department of Environmental Quality.
"They can sit back, take a breath and let the legal process work," Pruitt said Tuesday. "I think at the end of the day, the Supreme Court has indicated that we're going to win on the merits, as well. It's a huge step, and something that illustrates how seriously the Supreme Court is taking these types of issues."
David Doniger, director of the climate and clean air program at the Natural Resources Defense Council, said his group was confident the rule ultimately will be upheld.
"The electricity sector has embarked on an unstoppable shift from its high-pollution, dirty-fueled past to a safer, cleaner-powered future, and the stay cannot reverse that trend," Doniger said in a statement. "Nor can it dampen the overwhelming public support for action on climate change and clean energy."
In a statement, EPA expressed its disappointment with the stay.
"We're disappointed the rule has been stayed, but you can't stay climate change and you can't stay climate action," the agency said. "Millions of people are demanding we confront the risks posed by climate change. And we will do just that. We believe strongly in this rule and we will continue working with our partners to address carbon pollution."
Pruitt has fought the Clean Power Plan at every stage, including in the draft stage before the rule was finalized last year. Tuesday's granting of a stay from the Supreme Court was his first victory on the environmental rule.
Pruitt said his office has won stays from courts on other Obama administration rules on water and immigration.
"Our involvement in each of those of three signature issues of the president stops them dead in their tracks," he said. "Each of those rules will be dormant and not survive his presidency."
Carbon regulation
Pruitt said Congress, not the EPA, should decide how to regulate carbon dioxide emissions from power plants. He said the section of the Clean Air Act under which the Clean Power Plan is based is an unprecedented use of that part of the law.
"The EPA doesn't have the latitude to make it up," Pruitt said. "If the policymakers in Washington, D.C., along with the executive branch, determine that CO2 is a hazardous air pollutant under Section 112 and should be regulated, they should pass that law and give that authority to the EPA. Until that occurs, the EPA can't simply make it up and act in the space of Congress."
U.S. Sen Jim Inhofe, R-Tulsa, called the stay a "major blow to President Obama's legacy on climate change."
"These regulations were the foundation of the president's commitment to the Paris Climate Agreement," Inhofe said in a statement. "The court's action should demonstrate once again to the world that this president has committed the U.S. to actions that are unenforceable and legally questionable."
Little state effect
In practical terms, the Clean Power Plan stay will have little effect in Oklahoma, which already has an executive order from Gov. Mary Fallin stopping the Department of Environmental Quality from planning for the rule's implementation.
Under the plan, the Environmental Protection Agency expects Oklahoma to cut its greenhouse gas emissions rate from power plants 32 percent by 2030. The first deadline for implementation is in 2022, but states were supposed to submit preliminary plans by September. If states don't submit compliance plans, the EPA will impose a federal plan.
Oklahoma Gas and Electric Co. and Public Service Co. of Oklahoma previously said their plants likely could meet the Clean Power Plan goals, largely because earlier EPA rules for mercury and regional haze already forced them to make changes to their fossil-fuel generation.
The utilities continue to study how the rule might affect the Southwest Power Pool, which plans transmission and operates a wholesale electricity market in Oklahoma and parts of 13 other states.
©2016 The Oklahoman Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.


West 19th Street: A person was reportedly drunk in the 600 block at midnight Sunday.
Gisler Avenue: Possession of drugs for sale was reported in the 1400 block at 12:29 a.m. Sunday.
Tustin Avenue: A person was reportedly drunk in public in the 1600 block at 2:12 a.m. Sunday.
Orange Avenue: A vehicle burglary was reported in the 1900 block at 9:28 a.m. Sunday.
Newport Boulevard and Fair Drive: A warrant arrest was reported at 10:36 a.m. Sunday.
Airway Avenue: Vandalism was reported in the 2900 block at 3:13 p.m. Sunday.
Coolidge Avenue: Vandalism was reported in the 3000 block at 4:54 p.m. Sunday.
Bristol Street: A commercial burglary was reported in the 3300 block at 5:19 p.m. Sunday.
Newport Boulevard: Vandalism was reported in the 1500 block at 5:51 p.m. Sunday.
16th Place: Vandalism was reported in the 200 block at 5:57 p.m. Sunday.
Harbor Boulevard: Petty theft was reported in the 3000 block at 7:37 p.m. Sunday.
Federal Avenue and West 19th Street: A person was reportedly drunk in public at 8:53 p.m. Sunday.
47th Street: A party disturbance was reported in the 100 block at 11:13 p.m. Sunday.
Marguerite Avenue: Unknown trouble was reported in the 1700 block at 1:58 a.m. Monday.
16th Street: A party disturbance was reported in the 1900 block at 3:27 a.m. Monday.
Westminster Avenue and 15th Street: Suspicious circumstances were reported at 6:59 a.m. Monday.


text:
"""
Convolution-like operations with sparse matrix multiplication.

To read about different sparse formats, see U{http://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~saad/software/SPARSKIT/paper.ps}.

@todo: Automatic methods for determining best sparse format?
"""
#### COPIED FROM hpu/icml09/sp.py

import logging
import numpy
from scipy import sparse as scipy_sparse
from theano.compat.six.moves import xrange

import theano
import theano.sparse
from theano import sparse, gof, Op, tensor

raise ImportError("THIS OLD CODE'S TESTS ARE BIT-ROTTEN")

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

class RasterOrders(object):
    """
    .. todo::

        WRITEME
    """
    @staticmethod
    def row_col_channel(row, col, channel, n_rows, n_cols, n_channels):
        """
        .. todo::

            WRITEME
        """
        return row * n_cols * n_channels + col * n_channels + channel
    @staticmethod
    def channel_row_col(row, col, channel, n_rows, n_cols, n_channels):
        """
        .. todo::

            WRITEME
        """
        return channel * n_rows * n_cols + row * n_cols + col

def conv_out_shp(IR, IC, KR, KC, border_mode, subsample):
    """
    .. todo::

        WRITEME
    """
    ssR, ssC = subsample
    def ceildiv(x, y):
        r = x // y
        if r * y < x:
            return r + 1
        return r
    if border_mode == 'valid':
        OR, OC = ceildiv(IR - KR + 1,ssR), ceildiv(IC - KC + 1,ssC)
    elif border_mode == 'full':
        OR, OC = ceildiv(IR + KR - 1,ssR), ceildiv(IC + KC - 1,ssC)
    else:
        raise NotImplementedError(border_mode)
    return OR, OC

def sp_extract_patches(IR, IC, KR, KC, CH,
        input_raster_order,
        output_raster_order,
        subsample,
        border_mode,
        flip_patches):
    """
    Construct a sparse matrix such that multiplication with a rasterized image
    produces the concatenation of rasterized image patches.

    The original image is presumed to be in row-major, channel-minor order:
    R(0,0) G(0,0) B(0,0) R(0,1), G(0,1), B(0,1), ...

    Parameters
    ----------
    IR : WRITEME
    IC : WRITEME
    KR : WRITEME
    KC : WRITEME
    CH : WRITEME
    input_raster_order : WRITEME
    output_raster_order : WRITEME
    subsample : WRITEME
    border_mode : WRITEME
    flip_patches : WRITEME

    Returns
    -------
    WRITEME
    """

    ssR, ssC = subsample
    OR, OC = conv_out_shp(IR, IC, KR, KC, border_mode, subsample)

    rval = scipy_sparse.lil_matrix((IR*IC*CH, OR*OC*KR*KC*CH))

    if not flip_patches:
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def in_pos(i, j, k):
        return input_raster_order(i, j, k, IR, IC, CH)
    def out_pos(i, j, k):
        return output_raster_order(i, j, k, KR, KC, CH)

    for orow in range(OR):
        for ocol in range(OC):
            for krow in range(KR):
                for kcol in range(KC):
                    assert flip_patches
                    if border_mode == 'valid':
                        irow = orow*ssR + KR - krow - 1
                        icol = ocol*ssC + KC - kcol - 1
                    else:
                        irow = orow*ssR - krow
                        icol = ocol*ssC - kcol
                    if (0 <= irow < IR) and (0 <= icol < IC):
                        for ch in range(CH):
                            t = out_pos(krow,kcol,ch)
                            T = KR * KC * CH
                            try:
                                i = in_pos(irow, icol, ch)
                                j = orow*OC*T + ocol*T + t
                                rval[i, j] = 1
                            except IndexError:
                                logger.error('{0} {1} {2} {3} {4} {5} {6} {7} '
                                             '{8}'.format(rval.shape, i, j, IR,
                                                          IC, KR, KC, OR, OC))
                                raise
    return rval

def conv2d_channel_minor(images, kerns, ishp4, kshp4, subsample=(1,1),
             border_mode='valid'):
    """
    .. todo::

        WRITEME
    """
    # start by computing output dimensions, size, etc
    B, IR, IC, C = ishp4
    K, KR, KC, CH = kshp4
    assert C == CH # number of channels must match

    OR, OC = conv_out_shp(IR, IC, KR, KC, border_mode, subsample)
    oshp = (B, OR, OC, K)

    # construct indices and index pointers for sparse matrix, which, when multiplied
    # with input images will generate a stack of image patches
    patch_extractor = sp_extract_patches(IR, IC, KR, KC, CH,
            RasterOrders.row_col_channel,
            RasterOrders.row_col_channel,
            subsample,
            border_mode,
            flip_patches=True).tocsc()

    #print IR, IC, KR, KC, CH, patch_extractor.shape, patch_extractor.nnz
    patches = sparse.structured_dot(
            images.flatten(2),
            patch_extractor)

    # compute output of linear classifier
    patch_stack = patches.reshape((B*OR*OC, KR*KC*CH))

    # kern is of shape: nkern x ksize*number_of_input_features
    # output is thus of shape: bsize*outshp x nkern
    output = tensor.dot(patch_stack, kerns.flatten(2).T).reshape((B, OR, OC, K))

    return output, oshp

def conv2d(images, kerns, ishp4, kshp4, subsample=(1,1),
             border_mode='valid'):
    """
    .. todo::

        WRITEME
    """
    # start by computing output dimensions, size, etc
    B, C, IR, IC = ishp4
    K, CH, KR, KC = kshp4
    assert C == CH # number of channels must match

    OR, OC = conv_out_shp(IR, IC, KR, KC, border_mode, subsample)
    oshp = (B, OR, OC, K)

    # construct indices and index pointers for sparse matrix, which, when multiplied
    # with input images will generate a stack of image patches
    patch_extractor = sp_extract_patches(IR, IC, KR, KC, CH,
            RasterOrders.channel_row_col,
            RasterOrders.channel_row_col,
            subsample,
            border_mode,
            flip_patches=True).tocsc()

    #print IR, IC, KR, KC, CH, patch_extractor.shape, patch_extractor.nnz
    patches = sparse.structured_dot(
            images.flatten(2),
            patch_extractor)

    # compute output of linear classifier
    patch_stack = patches.reshape((B*OR*OC, KR*KC*CH))

    # kern is of shape: nkern x ksize*number_of_input_features
    # output is thus of shape: bsize*outshp x nkern
    output = tensor.dot(patch_stack, kerns.flatten(2).T).reshape((B, OR, OC, K))

    return output, oshp

def register_specialize(lopt, *tags, **kwargs):
    """
    .. todo::

        WRITEME
    """
    theano.compile.optdb['specialize'].register((kwargs and kwargs.pop('name')) or lopt.__name__, lopt, 'fast_run', *tags)

class Remove0(Op):
    """
    Remove explicit zeros from a sparse matrix, and resort indices
    """
    def make_node(self, x):
        """
        .. todo::

            WRITEME
        """
        return gof.Apply(self, [x], [x.type()])

    def perform(self,node, xs, zs):
        """
        .. todo::

            WRITEME
        """
        x = xs[0]
        z = zs[0]
        if x.format != 'csc':
            raise TypeError('Remove0 only works on csc matrices')

        M, N = x.shape

        data = x.data
        indices = x.indices
        indptr = x.indptr

        #TODO: try using ndarrays and then prune() on the result
        new_data = []
        new_indices = []
        new_indptr = [0]

        for j in xrange(0, N):
            for i_idx in xrange(indptr[j], indptr[j+1]):
                if data[i_idx] != 0:
                    new_data.append(data[i_idx])
                    new_indices.append(indices[i_idx])
            new_indptr.append(len(new_indices))

        z[0] = sparse.csc_matrix((new_data, new_indices, new_indptr), (M,N))

    def grad(self, x, gz):
        """
        .. todo::

            WRITEME
        """
        return [gz[0]]

remove0 = Remove0()

class EnsureSortedIndices(Op):
    """
    Remove explicit zeros from a sparse matrix, and resort indices

    Parameters
    ----------
    inplace : WRITEME
    """
    inplace=False

    def __init__(self, inplace):
        self.inplace=inplace
        if self.inplace:
            self.view_map = {0:[0]}

    def make_node(self, x):
        """
        .. todo::

            WRITEME
        """
        return gof.Apply(self, [x], [x.type()])

    def perform(self,node, xs, zs):
        """
        .. todo::

            WRITEME
        """
        zs[0][0] = xs[0].ensure_sorted_indices(inplace=self.inplace)

    def grad(self, xs, gz):
        """
        .. todo::

            WRITEME
        """
        return [gz[0]]

ensure_sorted_indices = EnsureSortedIndices(inplace=False)

def clean(x):
    """
    .. todo::

        WRITEME
    """
    return ensure_sorted_indices(remove0(x))

def max_pool(images, imgshp, maxpoolshp):
    """
    Implements a max pooling layer

    Takes as input a 2D tensor of shape batch_size x img_size and performs max pooling.
    Max pooling downsamples by taking the max value in a given area, here defined by
    maxpoolshp. Outputs a 2D tensor of shape batch_size x output_size.

    Parameters
    ----------
    images : 2D tensor
        Tensorcontaining images on which to apply convolution. Assumed to be \
        of shape `batch_size x img_size`
    imgshp : tuple
        Tuple containing image dimensions
    maxpoolshp : tuple
        Tuple containing shape of area to max pool over

    Returns
    -------
    out1 : WRITEME
        Symbolic result (2D tensor)
    out2 : WRITEME
        Logical shape of the output
    """
    N = numpy
    poolsize = N.int64(N.prod(maxpoolshp))

    # imgshp contains either 2 entries (height,width) or 3 (nfeatures,h,w)
    # in the first case, default nfeatures to 1
    if N.size(imgshp)==2:
        imgshp = (1,)+imgshp

    # construct indices and index pointers for sparse matrix, which, when multiplied
    # with input images will generate a stack of image patches
    indices, indptr, spmat_shape, sptype, outshp = \
            convolution_indices.conv_eval(imgshp, maxpoolshp, maxpoolshp, mode='valid')

    logger.info('XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX MAX POOLING LAYER XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX')
    logger.info('imgshp = {0}'.format(imgshp))
    logger.info('maxpoolshp = {0}'.format(maxpoolshp))
    logger.info('outshp = {0}'.format(outshp))

    # build sparse matrix, then generate stack of image patches
    csc = theano.sparse.CSM(sptype)(N.ones(indices.size), indices, indptr, spmat_shape)
    patches = sparse.structured_dot(csc, images.T).T

    pshape = tensor.stack(images.shape[0]*\
                            tensor.as_tensor(N.prod(outshp)),
                          tensor.as_tensor(imgshp[0]),
                          tensor.as_tensor(poolsize))
    patch_stack = tensor.reshape(patches, pshape, ndim=3);

    out1 = tensor.max(patch_stack, axis=2)

    pshape = tensor.stack(images.shape[0],
                          tensor.as_tensor(N.prod(outshp)),
                          tensor.as_tensor(imgshp[0]))
    out2 = tensor.reshape(out1, pshape, ndim=3);

    out3 = tensor.DimShuffle((False,)*3, (0,2,1))(out2)

    return tensor.flatten(out3,2), outshp
class ConvolutionIndices(Op):
    """
    This generates a sparse matrix M, which generates a stack of image patches
    when computing the dot product of M with image patch. Convolution is then
    simply the dot product of (img x M) and the kernels.
    """

    @staticmethod
    def sparse_eval(inshp, kshp, nkern, offset=(1, 1), mode='valid'):
        """
        .. todo::

            WRITEME
        """
        # STALE
        return convolution_indices.evaluate(inshp, kshp, offset, nkern,
                                            mode=mode, ws=False)

    @staticmethod
    def conv_eval(IR, IC, KR, KC, C, subsample=(1,1), mode='valid'):
        """
        .. todo::

            WRITEME
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('TODO: fix broken method')
        #return convolution_indices.evaluate(IR, IC, KR, KC, C, (dx,dy), mode=mode, ws=True)

    # img_shape and ker_shape are (height,width)
    @staticmethod
    def evaluate(imshp, kshp, offset=(1, 1), nkern=1, mode='valid', ws=True):
        """
        Build a sparse matrix which can be used for performing...
        * convolution: in this case, the dot product of this matrix with the
          input images will generate a stack of images patches. Convolution is
          then a tensordot operation of the filters and the patch stack.
        * sparse local connections: in this case, the sparse matrix allows us
          to operate the weight matrix as if it were fully-connected. The
          structured-dot with the input image gives the output for the
          following layer.

        Parameters
        ----------
        ker_shape : tuple
            Shape of kernel to apply (smaller than image)
        img_shape: tuple
            Shape of input images
        mode : str
            'valid' generates output only when kernel and image overlap. \
            'full' full convolution obtained by zero-padding the input
        ws : bool
            True if weight sharing, False otherwise
        offset : tuple of int
            Offset parameter. In the case of no weight sharing, gives the \
            pixel offset between two receptive fields. With weight sharing \
            gives the offset between the top-left pixels of the generated \
            patches

        Returns
        -------
        rval : tuple(indices, indptr, logical_shape, sp_type, out_img_shp)
            The structure of a sparse matrix, and the logical dimensions of \
            the image which will be the result of filtering.
        """
        N = numpy
        dx, dy = offset

        # inshp contains either 2 entries (height,width) or 3 (nfeatures,h,w)
        # in the first case, default nfeatures to 1
        if N.size(imshp)==2:
            inshp = (1,)+imshp

        inshp = N.array(imshp)
        kshp  = N.array(kshp)
        ksize = N.prod(kshp)

        kern = ksize-1 - N.arange(ksize)

        # size of output image if doing proper convolution (mode='full',dx=dy=0)
        # outshp is the actual output shape given the parameters
        fulloutshp = inshp[1:] + kshp - 1
        s = -1 if mode=='valid' else 1
        outshp = N.int64(N.ceil((inshp[1:] + s*kshp - s*1) \
                 /N.array([dy,dx], dtype='float')))
        if any(outshp <= 0):
            err = 'Invalid kernel', kshp,'and/or step size',(dx,dy),\
                  'for given input shape', inshp
            raise ValueError(err)

        outsize = N.prod(outshp)
        insize = N.prod(inshp)

        # range of output units over which to iterate
        lbound = N.array([kshp[0]-1,kshp[1]-1]) if mode=='valid' else N.zeros(2)
        ubound = lbound + (inshp[1:]-kshp+1) if mode=='valid' else fulloutshp

        # coordinates of image in "fulloutshp" coordinates
        topleft  = N.array([kshp[0]-1,kshp[1]-1])
        botright = topleft + inshp[1:] # bound when counting the receptive field

        # sparse matrix specifics...
        spmatshp = (outsize*N.prod(kshp)*inshp[0],insize) if ws else\
                   (nkern*outsize,insize)
        spmat = scipy_sparse.lil_matrix(spmatshp)

        # loop over output image pixels
        z,zz = 0,0

        # incremented every time we write something to the sparse matrix
        # this is used to track the ordering of filter tap coefficient in sparse
        # column ordering
        tapi, ntaps = 0, 0

        # Note: looping over the number of kernels could've been done more efficiently
        # as the last step (when writing to spmat). However, this messes up the ordering
        # of the column values (order in which you write the values determines how the
        # vectorized data will get used later one)

        for fmapi in range(inshp[0]): # loop over input features
            for n in range(nkern): # loop over number of kernels (nkern=1 for weight sharing)

                # FOR EACH OUTPUT PIXEL...
                for oy in N.arange(lbound[0],ubound[0],dy): # loop over output image height
                    for ox in N.arange(lbound[1],ubound[1],dx): # loop over output image width

                        l = 0 # kern[l] is filter value to apply at (oj,oi) for (iy,ix)

                        # ... ITERATE OVER INPUT UNITS IN RECEPTIVE FIELD
                        for ky in oy+N.arange(kshp[0]):
                            for kx in ox+N.arange(kshp[1]):

                                # verify if we are still within image boundaries. Equivalent to
                                # zero-padding of the input image
                                if all((ky,kx) >= topleft) and all((ky,kx) < botright):

                                    # convert to "valid" input space coords
                                    # used to determine column index to write to in sparse mat
                                    iy,ix = N.array((ky,kx)) - topleft
                                    # determine raster-index of input pixel...
                                    col = iy*inshp[2]+ix +\
                                          fmapi*N.prod(inshp[1:]) # taking into account multiple input features

                                    # convert oy,ox values to output space coordinates
                                    (y,x) = (oy,ox) if mode=='full' else (oy,ox) - topleft
                                    (y,x) = N.array([y,x]) / (dy,dx) # taking into account step size
                                    # convert to row index of sparse matrix
                                    row = (y*outshp[1]+x)*inshp[0]*ksize + l + fmapi*ksize if ws else\
                                          y*outshp[1] + x

                                    # Store something at that location in sparse matrix.
                                    # The written value is only useful for the sparse case. It
                                    # will determine the way kernel taps are mapped onto
                                    # the sparse columns (idea of kernel map)
                                    spmat[row + n*outsize, col] = tapi + 1   # n*... only for sparse

                                    # total number of active taps (used for kmap)
                                    ntaps += 1

                                tapi += 1 # absolute tap index (total number of taps)
                                l+=1 # move on to next filter tap l=(l+1)%ksize

        if spmat.format != 'csc':
            spmat = spmat.tocsc().ensure_sorted_indices()
        else:
            # BUG ALERT: scipy0.6 has bug where data and indices are written in reverse column
            # ordering. Explicit call to ensure_sorted_indices removes this problem
            spmat = spmat.ensure_sorted_indices()

        if ws:
            kmap = None
        else:
            kmap = N.zeros(ntaps, dtype='int')
            k=0
            #print 'TEMPORARY BUGFIX: REMOVE !!!'
            for j in xrange(spmat.shape[1]):
                for i_idx in xrange(spmat.indptr[j], spmat.indptr[j+1]):
                    if spmat.data[i_idx] != 0:
                        kmap[k] = spmat.data[i_idx] -1 # this is == spmat[i,j] - 1
                        k+=1

        # when in valid mode, it is more efficient to store in sparse row
        # TODO: need to implement structured dot for csr matrix
        assert spmat.format == 'csc'
        sptype = 'csc'
        #sptype = 'csr' if mode=='valid' else 'csc'
        use_csr_type = 0
        if use_csr_type and mode=='valid':
            spmat = spmat.tocsr()

        rval = (spmat.indices[:spmat.size],
                spmat.indptr, spmatshp, sptype, outshp)
        rval += (kmap,) if kmap!=None else ()

        return rval

    def perform(self, node, shape, out):
        """
        .. todo::

            WRITEME
        """
        inshp, kshp = shape
        out_indices, out_indptr, spmat_shape = out

        indices, indptr, spmatshp, outshp = self.evaluate(inshp, kshp)
        out_indices[0] = indices
        out_indptr[0] = indptr
        spmat_shape[0] = numpy.asarray(spmatshp)

convolution_indices = ConvolutionIndices()

def applySparseFilter(kerns, kshp, nkern, images, imgshp, step=(1,1), bias=None, mode='valid'):
    """
    WRITEME

    Output feature map will have shape
    `batch_size x number of kernels * output_size`.

    Each filter is applied seperately to consecutive output pixels.

    Parameters
    ----------
    kerns : 1D tensor_like
        `nkern * outsize * ksize` vector containing kernels
    kshp : tuple
        Tuple containing actual dimensions of kernel (not symbolic)
    nkern : int
        Number of kernels to apply at each pixel in the input image. \
        `nkern = 1` will apply a single unique filter for each input pixel.
    images : WRITEME
        `bsize x imgsize` matrix containing images on which to apply filters. \
        Second dimension represents each image in raster order.
    imgshp : tuple
        Tuple containing actual image dimensions (not symbolic)
    step : WRITEME
        Determines number of pixels between adjacent receptive fields \
        (tuple containing dx,dy values)
    mode : str
        'full', 'valid' see `CSM.evaluate` function for details

    Returns
    -------
    out1 : WRITEME
        Symbolic result
    out2 : WRITEME
        Logical shape of the output img (nkern,height,width) \
        (after dot product, not of the sparse matrix!)

    Notes
    -----
    Note that this means that each feature map is contiguous in memory.
    The memory layout will therefore be
    `[ <feature_map_0> <feature_map_1> ... <feature_map_n>]`,
    where `<feature_map>` represents a "feature map" in raster order.

    Also, the concept of feature map doesn't really apply to sparse filters
    without weight sharing. Basically, nkern=1 will generate one output
    img/feature map, nkern=2 a second feature map, etc.
    """

    # inshp contains either 2 entries (height,width) or 3 (nfeatures,h,w)
    # in the first case, default nfeatures to 1
    if numpy.size(imgshp)==2:
        imgshp = (1,)+imgshp

    # construct indices and index pointers for sparse matrix
    indices, indptr, spmat_shape, sptype, outshp, kmap = \
        convolution_indices.sparse_eval(imgshp, kshp, nkern, step, mode)

    # build a sparse weight matrix
    sparsew = theano.sparse.CSM(sptype, kmap)(kerns, indices, indptr, spmat_shape)
    output =  sparse.structured_dot(sparsew, images.T).T
    if bias is not None:
        output += bias

    return output, numpy.hstack((nkern,outshp))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Exmoor News
Exmoor's First Dark Skies Festival
October 25, 2017 ExmoorNPLeave a comment
Exmoor National Park's first Dark Skies Festival is truly underway, with most events sold out and participants not being put off by the remnants of Storm Brian! Launched on 19th October (Exmoor National Park's 63rd birthday as we came into being on 19th October 1954) and running until 29th October, the festival celebrates Exmoor's status as an International Dark Sky Reserve.
About Exmoor, Dark Skies, Events, Exmoor News
National Parks Week 2017
July 24, 2017 July 28, 2017 ExmoorNPLeave a comment
National Parks Week (24th to 30th July) provided the opportunity to discover, discuss and share the differences our National Parks make to each of us. We asked the question "What makes Exmoor National Park special for you?" – below are just some of the responses and images we received as to why these 267 square miles mean so much to each of us.
About Exmoor, Exmoor News, Exmoor View#Exmoor #NationalParksWeek
"Now let us bandy words no more…": an invitation for Exmoor Am-Dram fans
March 13, 2017 ExmoorNP
"May be we are not such fools as we look. But though we be, we are well content, so long as we may be two fools together." What better invitation to join the Pleasure Dome Theatre company in their production of Lorna Doone at the end of August. They are holding open auditions on the weekend of 15th and 16th April at Lynton Town Hall.
About Exmoor, Exmoor Newsauditions, Lorna Doone, Pleasure Dome Theatre, Valley of Rocks
2016 Review – December
January 5, 2017 January 3, 2017 ExmoorNPLeave a comment
Sunrise over Withypool Common & Brightworthy Hill (Photo credit: Andrew Wheatley)
"On the twelfth day of Christmas, my true love gave to me….". We're following the Twelve Days of Christmas theme to look back on some of the activities, events and news items that provided an insight into life at Exmoor National Park through 2016.
December brought more project funding success, plus we were getting into the festive mood in Dunster and Lynmouth.
About Exmoor, Exmoor NewsDecember 2016, Exmoor, Exmoor National Park, Review of the Year
2016 Review – September
The Punchbowl, near Winsford (Photo credit: Andrew Wheatley)
"On the ninth day of Christmas, my true love gave to me….". We're following the Twelve Days of Christmas theme to look back on some of the activities, events and news items that provided an insight into life at Exmoor National Park through 2016.
September saw Tarr Steps go global; our annual Hedge laying competition winners; the re-opening of a new bridleway and the celebration for the Two Moors Way.
About Exmoor, Exmoor NewsExmoor, Exmoor National Park, Review of the Year, September 2016
2016 Review – August
Exmoor Forest stags in velvet at Cornham Brake (Photo credit: Nigel Stone)
"On the eighth day of Christmas, my true love gave to me….". We're following the Twelve Days of Christmas theme to look back on some of the activities, events and news items that provided an insight into life at Exmoor National Park through 2016.
August was a combination of the dramatic events across Exmoor, from a 'rocky' helicopter ride to Shakespeare in Valley of Rocks; plus our Access & Rights of Way teams, Rangers and Volunteers get the recognition they deserve! Continue reading →
About Exmoor, Exmoor NewsAugust 2016, Exmoor, Exmoor National Park, Review of the Year
2016 Review – July
December 31, 2016 December 30, 2016 ExmoorNPLeave a comment
Winsford Hill, looking north and east (Photo credit: Baz Richardson)
"On the seventh day of Christmas, my true love gave to me….". We're following the Twelve Days of Christmas theme to look back on some of the activities, events and news items that provided an insight into life at Exmoor National Park through 2016.
July was packed out with events celebrating National Parks Week (including getting muddy at Bogtastic or staying up all night during the Porlock Bioblitz). Dulverton School won a John Muir Award, plus more funds were raised for CareMoor thanks to a cricket match.
About Exmoor, Exmoor NewsExmoor, Exmoor National Park, July 2016, Review of the Year


You may have heard about the unique way that bees communicate. It's called the waggle dance. Bee scouts move and waggle themselves to create a map for other bees to locate the flowers they have already pollinated.


Use this thread to comment on the information regarding the twenty-seventh album of Adventures in Odyssey! This section starts on page 287.
Page 290 – "BTS: Blessings in Disguise" – I always wondered what the connection was between April Dammann and Joe Dammann, and because of McGee and Me! I felt more of an interest. Now I know! Maybe I wasn't the only curious one.
Page 292 – "Cut Scenes" – I think that it was in a list of facts about Eugene that they mention his Dumbo pajamas, and I always wondered where that came from. Now I know – a cut scene from "The Search for Whit"! Mystery solved. It sounds like that would have been a funny scene.
Page 289: On this page is the old album art for Album 27. I think this is one of the few, if not only, old artwork that I like over the new work. The new is fine, but the old art has Whit in it! The nostalgia of the old art will never fade. The Indiana Jones-look is great for the new stuff, but a shadow doesn't do Whit justice.
Besides, Whit caught up with Eugene in a hotel lobby, not a cave.
Huzzah and Wooton for the Dammanns from McGee and Me! I really like that series.
Did anyone here like Glenn Adams (the character-- not the user!)? I thought he was the most annoying person I've ever heard, and I've met some doozies before.
Page 291: That's it! Dave Lipson played the coach in "Memories of Jerry"! In a previous chapter's review, I asked if Dave Lipson played anyone else in Adventures in Odyssey. Here he is!
Page 292: With all due respect to Marshall Younger, I'm glad that safe manufacturer didn't tell Mr. Younger how to rob a safe. I wonder if he notified the authorities that a person called to ask how to rob a safe. That is certainly noteworthy.


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Your critical illness insurance in Saint-Hubert from The Co-operators is backed by experienced, highly qualified Insurance Advisors who are always available during an emergency or to answer questions about your critical illness insurance policy. With this critical illness insurance coverage, lump sum benefit amounts can range from $25, 000 to $2, 000, 000 depending upon your needs. For help selecting the right option for you, talk to a Co-operators Insurance Advisor today.
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Saint-Hubert has a public critical illness insurance policy system that provides a minimum level of mandatory coverage to vehicle owners when they purchase license plates.


Make sure you take time to visit Rock Shadows RV Resort and tour these very Park Models on rented lots listed by Home Is Where The Heart Is. You will absolutely enjoy living in this wonderful senior community with lots of activities and the ability to make new friends quickly. A Senior Park perfect for a seasonal retreat or, like some owners that love the sun, a full-time excursion.


With a focus on cutting–edge approaches to the quickly growing field of healthcare, Healthcare Analytics: From Data to Knowledge to Healthcare Improvement provides an integrated and comprehensive treatment on recent research advancements in data–driven healthcare analytics in an effort to provide more personalized and efficient healthcare services. Emphasizing data and healthcare analytics from an operational management and statistical perspective, the book details how analytical methods and tools can be utilized to enhance care quality and operational efficiency.
The book is an ideal reference for academics and practitioners in operations research, management science, applied mathematics, statistics, business, industrial and systems engineering, healthcare systems, and economics. Healthcare Analytics: From Data to Knowledge to Healthcare Improvement is also appropriate for graduate–level courses typically offered within operations research, industrial engineering, business, and public health departments.
Hui Yang, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Harold and Inge Marcus Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering at The Pennsylvania State University. His research interests include sensor–based modeling and analysis of complex systems for process monitoring/control; system diagnostics/prognostics; quality improvement; and performance optimization with special focus on nonlinear stochastic dynamics and the resulting chaotic, recurrence, self–organizing behaviors.
Eva K. Lee, PhD, is Professor in the H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Director of the Center for Operations Research in Medicine and HealthCare, and Distinguished Scholar in Health System, Health Systems Institute at both Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology. Her research interests include health risk prediction; early disease prediction and diagnosis; optimal treatment strategies and drug delivery; healthcare outcome analysis and treatment prediction; public health and medical preparedness; large–scale healthcare/medical decision analysis and quality improvement; clinical translational science; and business intelligence and organization transformation.


Sometime's even the lovely photos and case studies on our website just aren't enough. If you fancy getting your hands on one of our sample packs, just fill out the form below, and we'll pop one in the post.
Hollywood Monster will use the information you provide on this form so that they can respond to your query.


Hi boys! I love to tease, I love to be spoiled, but I can also be sweet! I am the girl that you look forward to having sessions with as I do love to tease and taunt you and wrap you around my precious little finger. I want to lead you around through my own imagination and make you do what I want you to do. Are you ready for me? Come and play.


Cockburn Gateway is set to offer a summer of fun as we partner with the 2019 Fringe World Festival. From hypnotists to story telling, fantasy magic to creative comedy, we have performances scheduled from the 18 January 2019 – 3 February 2019.
Artists include Comedy Hypnotist Matt Hale, with his brand new show Feelgood Factory. Suitable for all ages, Matt is the award nominated sellout hit of the past three Fringe World seasons. Matt turns the traditional hypnosis show on it's head with this fast paced, high energy, family friendly, laughter packed hour of feelgood fun.
Shazzam Kids, a partnership between Famous Sharron and acclaimed writer, illustrator and storyteller, Samantha Hughes, will also be performing regularly – presenting a show that is not only fun, engaging and interactive, but also complete with 'Make Your Own Adventures'. Having been well received at Kids Wonderland, the Crab festival in Mandurah, and festivals in Joondalup and Karratha, the show is exclusive to Cockburn Gateway during Fringe World 2019, and will appeal to both parents and children alike.
International performer and winner of 'Best Magic' at the Adelaide Fringe, Pierre Ulric, will also bring his whimsical display of cutting-edge fantasy magic in his show Funtastico. Also exclusive to Cockburn Gateway, his performance will enable audience members to learn some spells, make some potions, levitate objects, manipulate time and explore new dimensions.


Throughout the summer Allspan Marquee Hire in Kent is providing businesses across the county essential cover for their outdoor corporate events. Allspan's superior marquees and temporary Losberger structures offer a stylish setting for business events in some of Kent's most beautiful surroundings.
It's very nearly summer, and our temporary structures and quality marquee hire services are already booked for numerous corporate events, private parties, sporting events and weddings over the forthcoming months.


Joe Duffy has uncovered a tremendous discovery relating to price, time and market movements. This discovery permits you to predict to the tick when the price trend should change direction. Giving you the chance to buy at the bottom and sell at the top. There's no more mystery in trading the markets.
He revealed some valuable secrets in his two books "The Trading Advantage" and "Turning Point Analysis," as well as his acclaimed "KeyPoint" course released back in 1996. But this all-new course goes light-years further. The market is not random, it rarely does anything that hasn't already been set up in advance, and almost all of the time the market is moving on technical considerations.


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London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed coach
Overview: Coach from London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed
Coaches from London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed cover the 304 miles (491 km) long route taking on average 9 h 15 min with our travel partners like National Express. There are direct coach services available. You can get the cheapest coach tickets for this trip for as low as £17, but the average price of coach tickets is £20. Travellers depart most frequently from London Victoria and arrive in Berwick-upon-Tweed, Golden Square.
Coach companies: National Express London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed
Find the best coaches between London and Berwick-Upon-Tweed with Omio's travel partners National Express from £17. We can find you the best deals, timetables and tickets when comparing and booking the best route.
National Express is the UK's leading long-distance coach provider operating over 550 coaches per day and serving over 900 destinations across the UK. National Express also operates coach services to all major UK airports, such as Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted, Luton and Bristol, 24 hours a day. All National Express coaches have air conditioning and provide free WiFi access along with onboard entertainment. Most coaches come with seat belts and power outlets at every seat, so you can charge your phone or laptop during a long journey. For your coach from London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed, you can select from three ticket fares: Restricted Fare, Standard Fare, and Fully Flexible Fare.
Average Price: £17
Please follow the recommendations outlined by National Express when booking your coach tickets from London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed due to the coronavirus:
Travel Tips: Coach to Berwick-Upon-Tweed from London
Take the bus to Berwick-Upon-Tweed easily. Whether you want fast, cheap or something entirely different, our travel experts have collected everything you need to know so you can find the best option from London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed.
How much do cheap coaches to Berwick-Upon-Tweed from London cost?
You can find a cheap coach from London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed for some dates and times for as low as £17 one way in the next 7 days.
What is the average cost of a coach from London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed?
In the next 7 days you'll find that the average cost of a coach ticket between London and Berwick-Upon-Tweed is £20 one way.
How many miles is it from London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed by coach?
The distance between London and Berwick-Upon-Tweed by coach is approximately 304 miles (491 km).
How long does it take from London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed by coach?
The coach time from London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed is on average 9 h 15 min for the 304 miles (491 km) long journey, but the time it takes to go to Berwick-Upon-Tweed from London by coach can vary depending on specific dates or travelling on weekends and holidays.
What is the departure coach station in London and arrival coach station in Berwick-Upon-Tweed?
Omio customers travelling this route depart most frequently from London Victoria and arrive in Berwick-upon-Tweed, Golden Square.
Where do I find the London coach station to Berwick-Upon-Tweed? Where is the Berwick-Upon-Tweed coach station?
The most popular departure coach station with passengers for this journey, called London Victoria, is located 1.2 miles (2 km) from the city centre of London.
The most popular arrival coach station, Berwick-upon-Tweed, Golden Square, is located 0.9 miles (1.5 km) away from the city centre of Berwick-Upon-Tweed.
Which coach companies can get me from London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed?
For the route from London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed you can take a coach with National Express. Be sure to check out all possible coach companies that offer services from London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed on Omio to compare what amenities they may have.
When does the first coach depart from London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed? When does the last coach depart from London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed?
If you prefer early morning coaches from London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed, the first coach leaves at 08: 30. If you prefer late night coaches from London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed, the last coach of the day leaves at 08: 30. Omio shows you the latest coach from London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed times to help you book the best departure time for this route.
How early should I purchase London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed coach tickets to get the best deals?
In general, we recommend booking tickets for coaches in advance to score the best deals from all possible coach companies offering this journey and save money. If you purchase coach tickets between London and Berwick-Upon-Tweed within the next 7 days, you can find tickets to cost on average £20 one way. To find the best prices for this journey, consider booking your coach ticket from London to Berwick-Upon-Tweed a few months in advance.
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Fri, May 23, 14
Moody Blues singer on his own
mysanantonio.com
While going through almost 50 years of recordings by the Moody Blues, lead singerJustin Hayward found inspiration to make some new tracks on his own.
Hayward, 67, was part of the British Invasion with "The Moodies," and last year he released the solo album "Spirits of the Western Sky." Hayward will play an acoustic show at 7:30 p.m. Wednesday at Charline McCombs Empire Theatre. Tickets cost $68.75 and $80.20 at www.ticketmaster.
Q. How did you wind up recording your solo album "Spirits of the Western Sky"? It's your first solo album in 17 years.
A. I've been kind of appointed as the gatekeeper for the Moody Blues catalog. We've been remastering and re-releasing a lot of it, and we were rediscovering our back catalog. When I was spending so much time in the studio working on remasters, I thought more about recording some of the songs I'd written in the past few years. Recording the new material became a labor of love, then it just took over my whole life.
Q. What's it like seeing new audiences discover you online? The video for "Nights in White Satin," a song recorded in 1967, has 23 million YouTube views.
A. We had a following in the 1980s (with "I Know You're Out There Somewhere"), and we were recognized on MTV again, so I think a lot of our fans come from that era. There isn't too much of us in terms of archives from our shows in the beginning. I saw our Isle of Wight show from 1970, and I think that's a valuable snapshot. In a way, that show marked the end of an era. It was a time of free love, then the music business became a business. Right after that concert, it became a money business of selling out arenas.
Q. What was it like being out on your own instead of with the band?
A. I'm not stepping out into something I haven't done before. The Moodies have been around together for a long time, and there was a time we were broken up in the '70s when I went on my own. I've had seven solo albums, it's just been a little while since I recorded one.
Q. After decades of performing with the Moody Blues, how is it being out on your own with an acoustic guitar?
A. I enjoy it a lot, because it's like the sound of my own music room; I can hear every tone and adjust accordingly. It's not about the show, it's about the music. With the Moodies, we have to bring the volume level up, and there's very little chance to do anything acoustic. This gives me a chance to really listen to what I'm playing.
This is more vulnerable and kind of cathartic. A wonderful part of songwriting is just getting things off your chest. For me, songwriting like this is like having a room in your house nobody else can go.
Q. What can people expect from the live show?
A. I hope there's something for everyone. I'll play songs from the Moodies and some of my new songs. When you're up there on stage alone, there's nowhere to hide, and that definitely makes for a more intimate environment.


The Annod Skincare Collection Sets are curated to cover specific needs of skin types we see presented daily. Chosen from combinations of products that would be used in a Beauty Salon treatment.
By combining the correct ingredients and the correct selection of products you will visibly feel and see the difference in your skin quickly.


This entry was posted in Birds, Kid's Section and tagged Birds Illustrated by Color Photography, Birdwatching, Christian, From The Past, Home School, Kids, Lorikeet, Psittacidae, Rainbow, Vol 1 #2 February 1897, Youth. Bookmark the permalink.
I went to NZ and AU 2 yrs. ago and several of the birds you have featured I was able to photograph in and around the cities there..
I just wanted to share with you a photo or 2 and don't know how to send it to you.
You can send them to Lee@Leesbird.com – I look forward to seeing them.


Warren Gentaro Tonaki was born in 1917 on Maui. His parents were from Okinawa. The family moved to Oahu and were farmers in Kahaluu. After graduating from high school, Tonaki volunteered and was assigned to the 298th Hawaii National Guard, then served with the 100th Infantry Battalion in Headquarters Company.
After the war he and his two brothers started a car repair business in Kapahulu called the Kapamoi Garage.


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Georgia is about to redraw voting districts
Dave Williams | Capitol Beat News Service
Photo by Michael Judkins on Pexels
The Georgia House and Senate committees in charge of drawing new congressional and legislative district lines this year heard an earful Tuesday from activists calling for fairness in a process that is typically highly partisan.
"As communities become more diverse, it is critical that district maps reflect that," Michelle Zuluaga of the group Latinos for Democracy, told lawmakers during the first of 11 public hearings to be held across the state this summer and fall. "We want maps that will unite our state, not divide our communities."
The General Assembly draws new district boundaries every 10 years following the latest U.S. census to reflect population shifts that have occurred during the last decade. While redistricting usually takes place during the late summer or early fall, the process isn't expected until later in the fall because the COVID-19 pandemic has delayed the release of census data.
In Georgia, the party in control of the legislature historically has drawn maps giving it the best chance to maintain or build on its majorities. Democrats were in charge of redistricting through 2001, but in 2011 and again this year, Republicans are in the driver's seat.
Lawmakers will approve new maps for Georgia's 14 U.S. House districts, 180 state House districts and 56 Georgia Senate districts.
During Tuesday's virtual hearing, several speakers argued that Georgia should take power over redistricting away from the General Assembly and put it in the hands of an independent commission, as has been done in some other states.
But more complained that the process thus far is lacking transparency and, as a result, isn't giving Georgia citizens an adequate opportunity for input.
"It is crucial to a fair and functioning democracy that the process not cut out public participation," Rebecca DeHart, CEO of the nonprofit Fair Count, said during a news conference before the hearing sponsored by a coalition of progressive groups and fair districting advocates.
State Senate Minority Leader Gloria Butler noted that Georgia has experienced significant demographic shifts since the 2011 redistricting, including a 40% increase in its Asian-American population, a 26% rise in Latinos and a 14% increase in the Black population.
"These maps must reflect the changing face of Georgia and the need for historically disenfranchised voters to have a voice," said Butler, D-Stone Mountain.
Sen. John Kennedy, R-Macon, chairman of the Senate Reapportionment and Redistricting Committee, promised to keep the lines of communication open.
"We are committed to an open, redistricting process," he said. "We want to hear from everyone."
Rep. Bonnie Rich, R-Suwanee, chairman of the House Legislative & Congressional Reapportionment Committee, announced that future hearings will be held in Atlanta, Albany, Augusta, Athens, Brunswick, Columbus, Cumming, Dalton and Macon.
'When we count, we matter.' Census push continues in Georgia
Democrats take aim at gerrymandering in Georgia
The Census results are in. Here's what it means for Georgia
What to expect when Georgia redistricts Congressional seats


We had the HV board replaced...I'm forwarding this to the list since I wasn't the original poster on this question.
I have had this problem for some time.
It can only be 'fixed' by restarting the Aria.
Eventually you will get to the point where even that will not make the error go away.
The problem is in the HV board, since BD replaced the board the error has gone away.
Along the way to solving the problem I also had a Master DAQ board fail.
One very important thing with the Aria is to make sure all the lasers and the fluidics cart are started by the Aria On switch.  Starting the fluidics cart seperately causes a voltage spike/brown out that can damage the circuit boards, likewise with turning the lasers on & off while the instrument is working.
> I have encountered this "e409" error before and the BD service engineer fixed it by changing an electrical board. Hope that helps.
> "A high-voltage fault has occured.
> For safety reasons, reboot the instrument.
> If this occurs again, call service."
> plates remain on. Seems to be a communication fault.


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Back Talk: Adam Frank
Books & the Arts
March 2, 2009 Issue
A conversation with astrophysicist Adam Frank about science, religion and manifestations of the sacred in the physical world.
By Christine Smallwood
Adam Frank is an astrophysicist at the University of Rochester. In The Constant Fire: Beyond the Science vs. Religion Debate (California; $24.95), he attempts to move past the antagonisms between religious fundamentalists and the New Atheists. Instead of debating the Bible or arguing about the existence of evil, he turns to thinkers like William James, Rudolf Otto and Mircea Eliade for ideas about experience, the sacred, the sublime and hierophanies, manifestations of the sacred in the physical world. –Christine Smallwood
You use the word "sacred" instead of the word "religion" or "spirituality." What do you mean by that?
If you trace the etymology of "sacred," you'll see it's related to the architecture of Roman temples. The sacer was the domain inside the temple, where you met the gods. So the sacred was the inside, and the profane was the outside of the temple, where you sold your walnuts or whatever. It's this sense that we have, that we sometimes encounter–or the sacred erupts into our lives–this sense of the world being wholly other than our profane and everyday experience. You just suddenly notice how weird everything is, or how beautiful.
Adam Frank
Can you talk more about what you mean by experience?
As human beings we've always, since the dawn of self-consciousness, had this experience of the world where the sacred appears to us. And earlier civilizations were very close to that experience. Because they felt it as a power in the world, they would create mythic narratives that set themselves into a context in the universe. There would be the myth of the hunt and the rituals of the hunt, and part of those rituals was a kind of science. In hunter-gatherer societies, after the hunt people would take the animal apart and try to put it back together. The cultures that were building the Neolithic astronomical monuments would have very carefully constructed astronomical alignments. But it wasn't just a calendar; it was part of an emotive response to the night sky. So those narratives they told did both.
So narrative is a kind of hierophany?
Yes. In hunter-gatherer societies or any society that was prescientific, myths weren't told all the time. There were special times of year when people would gather and the shaman or priest would recite the origin myth around the fire. And hearing the myths told and the rituals enacted, you were brought back to that time. The individual was meant to participate in the sacred through experience. When I teach Astronomy 101, I always show a movie, a standard program about the birth of the universe. It has cool animation and the music soars, and afterward I ask my students about the music, which is designed to make them respond emotionally.
What of those who might say that emotions are the problem?
That's crazy! That's like saying love is really a problem, so why don't we just have mating behavior. Many of the founders of science were deeply religious. They saw their interest in scientific inquiry as a way of honoring this sense of something more, this unseen order, as William James called it. We should emphasize that aspect. We should show people that science is a hierophany. It's part of a long human tradition of encountering the world through awe and wonder.
But your experience of wonder is built on a lifetime of knowledge, and mine is in large part built on ignorance. Do nonscientists need to learn more about science in order to have a fuller experience of what is sacred or sublime?
Why would you say that? When you walk into a museum–pick a painting you saw that you were really moved by, before you knew any art history, like a Jackson Pollock. If you don't know anything about it, maybe you won't like it, but some people will just be caught up in the movement of the lines. And then you take a class, and your appreciation of it grows. With the Hubble Telescope images–just the colors and the structure–all you know is that this is something that's really big and has been around for a really long time, and in some sense that's all you need to know. It's no different from looking at a sunset and thinking it's beautiful.
What are the most awesome things happening in astrophysics these days?
For me, it is our understanding of planets. The question of whether or not there are planets orbiting other stars is 2,000 years old. And it's been only about a decade since we've answered it. How often do you have a two-millenniums-old question that gets answered? We're learning about additional solar systems and that they're completely different from ours. The ultimate question of whether or not there's life on any of these, we've taken a step toward that. Also, in the past thirty years we've figured out that much of the universe is dark matter [nonluminous mass, the presence of which is inferred from the motion of astronomical objects], and we've also discovered that most of the energy of the universe is in some unseen form called dark energy. If you were to do a census of the universe, you'd find that our kind of stuff, the kind of matter we're made out of and which we can identify, makes up around 3 or 4 percent of the universe. The discovery of the dark universe really raises the issue of our significance. We thought we were the center of the universe, and then we learned we were a planet going around the sun, and then there were lots of suns, and then lots of galaxies. But now, not only is the universe really big and you're really small; you're not even part of the universe. Ninety-seven percent of the universe is this other stuff that has nothing to do with you. Just by calling it dark, really what we're saying is we don't have a clue. And that may mean that fundamentally we're on the edge of something, we're about to reach a breakthrough that may lead to some leap.
Christine SmallwoodChristine Smallwood, a writer in New York, is former associate literary editor of The Nation.


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The £10 Challenge: Find out more about a British institution – and spot a celeb, if you're lucky
MM Staff
Follow @MM_newsonline
By Tui Benjamin
The equinox this week signals that autumn has officially begun and that means one thing here in Manchester: the MM £10 Challenge was probably going to need to be indoors.
Call me a pessimist but after seeing the rain lashing down pretty much every day this week I wasn't going to take any chances, irregardless of the forecast.
With the Beeb now settled in their new MediaCityUK gaff in Salford Quays (the vicar counselling offered to employees for the 'traumatic' move north aside) they have opened their doors to the public for official tours.
For £8.50 (for adults – students, concessions and children are all cheaper) this is something a little bit out of the ordinary: the chance to peek behind the scenes of shows like Match of the Day, Dragon's Den and BBC Breakfast and to trace the footsteps of the celebrities (their words, not mine) who frequent this building on a regular basis.
There's also the opportunity to find out more about the northern move itself, which represented one of the most ambitious projects in the BBC's history.
Oh, and you can take part in your own television production in the interactive studios too. No biggy.
If you need to entertain kids aged six to 11 there's always the CBBC tour, which lets children sneak behind the scenes of programmes like Blue Peter and Newsround as well as getting the chance to try their hand at reading the news.
You never know, you could have the next little George Alagiah or and Huw Edwards on your hands.
All tours last approximately one and a half hours, and pre-booking is essential. To book go to http://www.bbc.co.uk/showsandtours/tours/
You've still got change left over from a tenner so why not head back into the city and get yourself some grub. It's a challenge to find something warm and filling on £1.50 but SHLURP! on Brazennose Street might be a good place to start.
A soup bar which opened in 2002, SHLURP! specialises in fast but fresh food made from healthy and natural ingredients and offers a range of soups, stews, casseroles, wraps, pitas and salad boxes.
Currently there's a roasted pumpkin and ginger soup on the menu which for £1.70 sounds divine, although admittedly is 20p over budget. To stick within the £10 limit go for a bagel with cream cheese for £1.20 instead. 20p more than the sorry, soggy affairs they serve for McDonald's breakfasts admittedly, but 30p under budget and a heck of a lot more delicious.
For more on this story and many others, follow Mancunian Matters on Twitter and Facebook.
Digitally excluded given support from BBC and region's leaders
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Police crackdown on illegal e-scooter use across the region
Statues at every turn: MM takes a look at the stone figures across the city
£10 challengeautumnBBCBBC ManchesterManchesterMatch of the DaymcdonaldsMediaCityUKopeningSalfordSalford Quayssoupweekendwhat's on


Conversation view has been a very requested feature for eM Client, we're very excited to finally introduce this feature in the new release of eM Client 7. We worked on this feature very hard and very long but we're very happy that we can finally share more information.
The current releases have included a Conversation history which may have served instead of conversations up until now, we still like this feature so if you were using it - you will be able to display your past conversations in the sidebar as well. If you didn't like this feature we're introducing two new ways how to handle conversations.
Using this option you'll be able to see your previous conversations in your message list as a message with one or more recipients - displaying the number of messages in the conversation. You may be used to this behaviour from your Gmail interface already. New conversations are sorted in the list of your messages by the last message received in this conversation.
This option will allow you to use your email as you were used to, each message received is sorted in your folders and message detail displays the past relevant conversation based on the message subject.
If you're not fan of conversations you can simply disable conversations in your settings and use the sidebar conversation history instead.