text:
Q: HashMap in Spring I am attempting to add keys/values into a HashMap using Spring, shown below:
<bean id="genPhrase" class="com.WheelOfFortune.Client.generatePhrase">
    <property name="WordsAndPhrasesLevelOne">
        <util:map map-class="java.util.HashMap">
            <entry key="Object Oriented Design" value-ref="Process of planning a system of interacting objects for the purpose of solving a software problem, It is one approach to software design." />
            <entry key="Hardware devices" value-ref="Collection of physical elements that comprise a computer system." />
            <entry key="Operating System" value-ref="A set of programs that manage computer hardware resources and provide common services for application software." />
            <entry key="while statement" value-ref="A control flow statement that allows code to be executed repeatedly based on a given boolean condition." />
            <entry key="printf statement" value-ref="Refers to a control parameter used by a class of functions typically associated with some types of programming languages." />
            <entry key="Internet Service Provider" value-ref="An organization that provides access to the Internet." />
            <entry key="round robin" value-ref="Used to describe a document signed by multiple parties in a circle to make it more difficult to determine the order in which it was signed, thus preventing a ringleader from being identified." />
            <entry key="Internet Protocol" value-ref="Principal communications protocol used for relaying datagrams (also known as network packets) across an internetwork using the Internet Protocol Suite." />
        </util:map>

Not quite sure what I am doing wrong but when I run the code, I get:
Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'genPhrase' defined in file [/home/ryan/workspace/WheelOfFortuneSpring/generatePhrase.xml]: Cannot create inner bean 'util:map#a6d006c' of type [org.springframework.beans.factory.config.MapFactoryBean] while setting bean property 'WordsAndPhrasesLevelOne'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'util:map#a6d006c': Cannot resolve reference to bean 'Process of planning a system of interacting objects for the purpose of solving a software problem, It is one approach to software design.' while setting bean property 'sourceMap' with key [TypedStringValue: value [Object Oriented Design], target type [null]]; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'Process of planning a system of interacting objects for the purpose of solving a software problem, It is one approach to software design.' is defined

And finally my code:
public class generatePhrase implements generatePhraseInterface {
    public void readPhrase() {
        for (String key : WordsAndPhrasesLevelOne.keySet())
        {
            System.out.print(key + " : ");
        }
    }
    private Map<String,String> WordsAndPhrasesLevelOne;

    public void setWordsAndPhrasesLevelOne(Map<String,String> WordsAndPhrasesLevelOne)
    {
        this.WordsAndPhrasesLevelOne = WordsAndPhrasesLevelOne;
    }

Can someone advise what could be causing this exception?

A: The value-ref attribute is used to refer to a reference to another bean. Instead, use value=. . . in your entries like so.
        <entry key="Object Oriented Design" value="Process of planning a system of interacting objects for the purpose of solving a software problem, It is one approach to software design." />

The giveaway here was the last bit of your error message:

Cannot resolve reference to bean 'Process of planning a system of interacting objects for the purpose of solving a software problem, It is one approach to software design.' while setting bean property 'sourceMap' with key [TypedStringValue: value [Object Oriented Design], target type [null]]; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'Process of planning a system of interacting objects for the purpose of solving a software problem, It is one approach to software design.' is defined

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Do you need a Web Development expert in Carmarthen? Fed up of trawling the web to find out what's on offer? Why not let us take care of the details?
These days, a strong web presence is vital to the success of your business - whether you're a global operation or just a small local venture. But how can you compete and make yourselv stand out from the crowd. At mobo.co.uk, we might just have the answer.
Our talented team of experts have plenty of experience in working with business across Carmarthenshire, developing their websites and boosting their income through smart, savvy Website Development services. So whether you're a start-up looking to get noticed or an established business tired of flagging behind the competition, we can help you become the success you deserve to be.
Already got a big idea and just need help implementing your vision? Or perhaps you're new to web design and want us to take over the reins? Whatever you're looking for, we're confident that we can deliver a fast, convenient and quality service - all for a surprisingly affordable price.
At MOBO Media we offer our customers a choice of IT Development options, so it's easy to tailor a package to suit your individual requirements. Want to find out more about Web Development in Carmarthen? Get in touch today.


text:
Masaya är ett av 15 departement i Nicaragua. Masaya är landets minsta departement efter yta, med sina 590 km² land. Masaya är dock relativt tätbefolkat och hade 2005 en folkmängd på 317 500 invånare, vilket är betydligt fler än i departement som är avsevärt större ytmässigt än Masaya.

Det finns tre stora sjöar i Masaya. Masayasjön, Laguna de Apoyo och Laguna de Tisma. De är båda resultat av vulkanisk aktivitet. Det finns flera vulkaner i Masaya. Den största har samma namn och har en enormt djup krater. Vulkanen är fortfarande aktiv och aktivitet kan synas lite då och då. Vid vulkanen finns en stor nationalpark innehållande två vulkaner och fem kratrar.

Huvudstaden i Masaya heter också Masaya och har 146 000 invånare. Den ligger bara ca 8 km ifrån vulkanen och är i stor risk vid ett eventuellt utbrott.

El Coyotepe är ett historiskt fort i Masaya, som användes som fängelse när Somozafamiljen styrde Nicaragua. Det har blivit en av Nicaraguas mest populära turistattraktioner.

Kända personer från Masaya
 Enrique Bolaños Geyer - Nicaraguas president  2002-2007.
 Augusto César Sandino (1895-1934) - känd revolutionär och motståndsledare, har givit namn åt Sandiniströrelsen.

Kommuner
Departementet har nio kommuner (municipios):
 Catarina
 La Concepción
 Masatepe
 Masaya
 Nandasmo
 Nindirí
 Niquinohomo
 San Juan de Oriente
 Tisma

Referenser

Nicaraguas departement
Geografi i Masaya (departement)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Movers & Shakers: Compass poaches another Coldwell Banker team, JLL beefs up industrial brokerage…and more
Newmark Knight Frank also hired an industrial expert in Orange County
Sep.September 05, 2019 03:00 PM
By Natalie Hoberman
From left: Fran Flanagan, Rustin Mork, Danny Reaume and Troy Wooten
Compass has poached another team from Coldwell Banker, this time the Fran Flanagan Group. The move comes less than a month after Compass lured two of Coldwell's biggest stars, Chris Cortazzo and Ginger Glass to join its ranks.
The three-person team is led by Fran Flanagan, a veteran agent who works primarily in Pacific Palisades and Brentwood. Among her biggest deals was selling Eddie Albert's former home for $19.5 million in Pacific Palisades two years ago. Flanagan is also bringing her daughter Liz Jones and Jill Newhouse Calcaterra, who had recently joined Coldwell. The team started at Compass' Brentwood office this week. Combined, Compass has recruited 21 agents and staff from Coldwell within the last month.
L.A.'s industrial market has remained hot, and brokerages are paying attention. Last week, JLL hired industrial specialists Rustin Mork and Danny Reaume as senior vice presidents. The team, which focuses on the San Gabriel Valley and L.A., both had served as directors for Binswanger Realty Advisory Group. At JLL, they will represent landlords and tenants, as well as advising investors and developers. They are based in the firm's Downtown Los Angeles office.
Farther down the coast, Newmark Knight Frank tapped Troy Wooten to serve as senior managing director at the firm's office in Newport Beach. Wooten founded BroadStreet Real Estate Group in 2010, and has served as the company's managing principal until joining Newmark. His focus will be on sales and leasing for industrial and flex properties.
movers & shakersmovers and shakers
Movers & Shakers: Elliman recruits team from Keller Williams, Cushman adds a director
Movers & Shakers: Another Coldwell Banker agent jumps to Compass, SFJ Group expands…and more
Movers & Shakers: Justin Alexander joins Compass, CREXi restocks executive team… and more
Movers & Shakers: Lendlease hires new West Coast development exec, Allen Matkins adds two partners & more
Movers & Shakers: Loren Judd jumps to Compass, Allan Brass jumps back to Savills… and more
Movers & Shakers: Compass recruits from the Mark Co., Allen Matkins promotes managing partner… and more
Movers & Shakers: Compass acquires Orange County team, Colliers recruits El Warner… and more
Movers & Shakers: The Agency's Eric Lavey joins Sotheby's, 2 brokers exit JLL & more
7083 Hollywood Blvd, 2nd Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90028
We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Privacy & Policy Ok, Got it

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
class TransitionNewCategories < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def up
    Repo.find_each do |r|
      r.new_category_list = r.category_list
    end
  end

  def down
    # Do nothing here, treat it as one way, but allow rollback
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Please join us for the January Mental Health Task Force meeting, scheduled for Tuesday, January 8, from 3 – 5 PM, at Summit Place, 6737 W. Washington St, Milwaukee, in the large conference room on the first floor.
This is a very important meeting you won't want to miss – it will include an update on the Milwaukee County Crisis Line, as well as a briefing on the report on Crisis Services Redesign released in December, and opportunities for questions. There will also be an opportunity to tour the Impact 211 Call Center.
Please note the change of location for the January meeting only – see directions and information about parking.
Briefing on Psychiatric Crisis Redesign in Milwaukee County. For the past year, an effort has been underway to look at options to redesign the psychiatric crisis service system in Milwaukee County. We will be briefed on the reports released in December, and recommendations for crisis redesign, and have the opportunity for questions and dialogue. Presenters will include: Ron Henken, President – Wisconsin Policy Forum; Mary Jo Meyers, Director Department of Health and Human Services; Mike Lappen, Administrator Milwaukee County Behavioral Health Division.
Come prepared! Read the two reports for crisis redesign.
Bring your donations to our December 11th meeting! View the flyer here.
View the MHTF Diversity Committee's Community Announcement.
The survey collects information about the voting experiences of voters with disabilities in the November 6th election. You may complete the survey online, or complete a paper survey and mail it in. Please spread the word! The survey will help us learn about voting barriers – survey results will be used to educate policy makers and advocate for improvements.
Or print a paper survey here and mail it in.
Click here to view the flyer for this event.
Please bring menstrual supplies (tampons, pads, and underwear) and/or new socks for women, men, and children.
You can also make a financial contribution to Time of the Month Club, Inc. We are a registered 501(c)3 so your contributions are tax deductible.
Your generosity will make life immediately better for a person who is homeless.
It is an accessible building, snacks and lunch will be provided.
During the first full week in October for Mental Illness Awareness Week, NAMI Racine County, the National Alliance on Mental Illness Racine County, will host a candidate forum addressing mental health policy issues.
NAMI Racine County, in partnership with the Wisconsin Disability Vote Coalition, is proud to sponsor a Mental Health Candidate Forum on the evening of Monday, October 8th from 6:30-8:00pm at the Racine YMCA – Lake Ave. This event is open to the public and will feature Wisconsin legislators and legislative candidates from Assembly Districts 62, 63, 66 and 83, and Senate Districts 21 and 22.
Topics to be covered include: access to treatment; perspectives on expanding the mental health workforce in Wisconsin; alternatives to incarceration for people living with mental illness; youth mental health services; and insurance parity. Racine Journal Times Managing Editor, Stephanie Jones, will moderate the forum and pose questions to all participants. There will also be an opportunity for audience questions at the end of the forum as well as voter registration assistance on site.
Click here for a printable flyer for this event.
NAMI Racine County is a local organization of the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI). We seek to improve the quality of life of all individuals affected by mental illness and to promote recovery. NAMI Racine County focuses on three areas that offer reform, health and hope to our community: advocacy, education and support.
For more information, contact NAMI Racine County at (262) 637-0582.


The rules for traveling by air with your pet have evolved over the years. For instance, in 1990 I traveled from Los Angeles to Albany, N.Y. with my cat "Koko" when she was less than a year old. At that time, I was required to keep her in a very small carrier stowed under my seat. Every so often I would pull the carrier out from under the seat, rest it on my lap concealed by my coat and allow her to poke her head out. I had to pay a small fee for the privilege but because she was not occupying a seat of her own it was affordable.
Another time I traveled from Portland, Oregon to Albany with my German Shepard "Holly" who I unwisely had stowed in the cargo hold in an airline-approved carrier. Because of her size riding in the cabin was not an option. Throughout the flight I frequently heard her distinctive bark and realized the cargo hold was not the right place for my poor, frightened pup. I resolved never to do it again and have since made long-distance trips with her by car.
These days, however, airlines make a distinction between service animals and non-service animals, according to Veterinarian Mike Paul of Pet Health Network.com <http://network.com/>. See his online article here at: http://www.pethealthnetwork.com/news-blogs/a-vets-life/dr-mike-paul-excited-new-airline-travel-option-pets.
A number of airlines allow service dogs to fly on board with their owners at no charge. While non-service dogs are allowed to ride for a fee. Small dogs, cats, rabbits and other animals are allowed to ride in the cabin of some airlines for a fee but must be kept in an airline-approved carrier under the seat. The number of pets that are allowed per flight depends upon the space available. Larger pets will be relegated to the cargo hold, which should be climate controlled for their safety. Be sure to verify that fact with your airline.
There have been heartbreaking stories in the news about pets flying with cargo that have been misplaced or that have broken out of their carriers and gotten lost, sadly in some cases never to be seen again. For this reason it is imperative that you grill the airline you plan to use about their policy regarding the safety of pets who fly in the cargo hold. Micro-chipping your pet increases the changes of being reunited with him or her should they become lost in transit. Also, be sure to have their carrier properly identified in duplicate (engraved, if possible) to eliminate the chance of mis-identification when the time comes to reclaim your precious cargo!
Some of the newer aircraft designs include special accommodations for pets in the First Class section but carry a price-tag to match.
For more information be sure to contact your airline before booking your flight. Your pet's veterinarian will also have to be notified if you plan to travel with your pet because medical paperwork will be required by the airline stating that your pet is healthy and properly vaccinated.
Does your pooch have obedience issues?? Before you plan your holiday getaway consider booking a consultation with your local Upstate New York, Capital District, Albany, Saratoga Off Leash K9 Training professional. They have the expertise to address and successfully resolve your dog's behavioral shortcomings including dog aggression, food aggression, potty-training and much more!


text:
Charlize Theron, Natalie Portman: Stars shaving their heads for roles
Charlize Theron, Natalie Portman and more stars shaving their heads for roles.
By Naomi Gordon
Charlize Theron recently showed off her shaved head while shooting her final scenes for Mad Max 4: Fury Road in South Africa's Cape Town.
The 37-year-old actress posed with fans as she took a break from filming the picture, which stars Tom Hardy in the title role made famous by Mel Gibson.
We take a look back at other starlets who've braved going bald to bag a role - from Natalie Portman in V For Vendetta to Anne Hathaway in upcoming movie Les Misérables.
Movies: Stars shaving their heads for roles
Charlize Theron shaves her head in throwback video
Charlize Theron awarded star
Charlize Theron 'eyeing Catwoman role'
Charlize Theron to present an Oscar
Charlize Theron wins Best Actress
Ten Things About... Charlize Theron


text:
Q: BackdropFilter with blur not getting applied on webview flutter? BackdropFilter(
            filter: ImageFilter.blur(
              sigmaX: 8.0,
              sigmaY: 8.0,
            ),
            child: Container(
              color: Colors.transparent,
            ),
          ),

if I have webview in widget blur effect is not happening


text:
What happens to gig workers when a California…
What happens to gig workers when a California Assembly bill meets the coronavirus?
By Nicole Clark
May 7, 2020, 8:00 am CDT
Nicole Clark.
The COVID-19 pandemic has placed a spotlight on the underbelly of the United States economy. With many Americans following orders to stay at home, gig workers have moved into the forefront of the marketplace. Delivery workers, truck drivers and other independent contractors are still going out into the world to work and to keep the world working.
We can only imagine what would have happened to our daily lives without these workers. Only a few weeks ago, ordering from a company like Postmates, DoorDash or Instacart could have been considered a luxury. Now, it feels like an essential service.
Many gig workers have been hit hard by the pandemic. Some have tested positive for COVID-19, developing symptoms that have forced them to self-quarantine. But there is another problem. Since gig workers are classified as independent contractors, they lack the same benefits and protections as employees. The drivers for many of these essential services do not have access to company health insurance, sick leave, family leave or workers' compensation.
As a $2 trillion economic relief measure, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act includes financial assistance to gig workers. It contains provisions that will allow independent contractors to apply for unemployment insurance, a resource from which they are generally excluded. Unsurprisingly, many gig-economy companies have backed the measure.
In a March 23 letter to President Donald Trump, Uber CEO Dara Khosrowshahi requested that any coronavirus economic stimulus measure "include protections and benefits for independent workers, not just employees"—both those who use Uber and all others across the economy. His letter then takes a political turn, highlighting a contentious issue that has been brewing across the industry: employment classification.
Khosrowshahi outlines a proposal for a new approach to labor law, one that would revise "the current binary system of employment classification" wherein "a worker is an employee who is provided significant social benefits or an independent worker who is provided relatively few." He dubs this approach the "third way."
A Catalyst for the 'Third Way'
Just before the novel coronavirus pandemic hit the United States, California residents were already engaged in a heated debate about the status of independent contractors.
Across the state of California, a new law went into effect Jan. 1. Introduced by Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez, a Democrat, California Assembly Bill 5 reconfigured the employment landscape, fundamentally altering the working conditions for professionals as diverse as musicians and journalists, construction workers and truck drivers, and ride-share providers and physical therapists.
AB5 codifies into law a ruling made by the Superior Court of California in Dynamex Operations West Inc. v. Superior Court of Los Angeles County, decided in 2018. This ruling reinterprets the manner in which workers shall be classified by the court, adopting a new legal standard that requires the court to presumptively categorize all workers as employees—not independent contractors.
This means that any hiring entity attempting to classify an individual as an independent contractor has the burden of establishing the propriety of that classification.
Enforcing AB5 during COVID-19
Before the pandemic, tentative court rulings related to AB5 began to trickle through the superior courts of California. There was California v. Maplebear Inc., decided in February, a case in which the city of San Diego alleged that a same-day grocery delivery company maintained "an unfair competitive advantage by misclassifying its shoppers [as independent contractors] and evading long-established worker protections under California law." Judge Timothy B. Taylor of the Superior Court of San Diego County agreed.
But the Superior Court of California is no longer the only court hearing AB5-related matters. In April, Judge Vince Chhabria of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California heard an emergency injunction filed by Lyft drivers.
The motion asks the court to require Lyft to immediately reclassify its drivers as employees under AB5, arguing that such a reclassification would enable drivers to obtain sick leave as required by state law.
In his ruling, Chhabria denied the emergency injunction, claiming that it is riddled with legal defects. However, he agreed with the plaintiffs that Lyft has not been in compliance with California labor laws, vis-à-vis the matter of worker classification.
Still, he questioned "how the paltry amount of sick leave would provide much benefit to drivers or the public when a recently passed federal law gives independent contractors up to $511 per day for 10 days of sick leave," according to Courthouse News Service.
This renders the argument for immediate reclassification uncompelling. California sick pay is limited to only three days per year—days for which most part-time Lyft drivers would not even qualify.
With this ruling, the judge recognized the extent to which employee reclassification could jeopardize drivers' eligibility for emergency benefits under the CARES Act.
We can see, then, how the CARES Act has helped to temporarily sidestep the question of worker classification, according to the Los Angeles Times, effectively giving California workers on both sides of AB5 some of the benefits that the state law has made difficult to access.
Nicole Clark is a business litigation and labor and employment lawyer who has handled litigation in state and federal courts. She has worked at a variety of law firms, including midsized litigation boutiques and large firms, and she is licensed to practice law in three states. She has defended corporations and employers in complex class action and wage and hour disputes, as well as individual employment matters, including sexual harassment and wrongful termination. Clark is the CEO and co-founder of Trellis, a legal analytics company that uses artificial intelligence and machine learning to provide litigators with strategic legal intelligence and judicial analytics.
ABAJournal.com is accepting queries for original, thoughtful, nonpromotional articles and commentary by unpaid contributors to run in the Your Voice section. Details and submission guidelines are posted at "Your Submissions, Your Voice."
States | Contracts | Labor & Employment | Natural Disasters | Corporate Law | Government | Health Law | California | Public Interest | Community & Economic Development | Public Health | Employers | Employees | COVID-19
Supreme Court reinstates requirement for women seeking abortion drug to get it in person
Afternoon Briefs: 3 federal executions delayed; BigLaw partner resigns after sex harassment claim


text:
Q: Where is the Init in a default app (Objective C)? Hi this is my first question. I am very new to Objective C or more so on XCode. So I was making an app but I found that I could not find any init methods in my project of my default ViewController template. There was only a viewDidLoad.
I was wondering if I am supposed to make one? Or is there one I'm supposed to use? Also if I do make one how I'm supposed to make it run go through the init method? I tried one but it doesn't call the method at all when I run the app.
 - (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil
 {
    self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil];
    if (self) {
    // Custom initialization
       NSLog(@"Init Called");
    }
    return self;
 }

Why isn't the above code being called?

A: You can use as below:
-(id)init
{
    self = [super init];
    if(self)
    {
        //add your customized code here..
    }

    return self;
}

Hope this helps!

A: It depends.
There are several init functions to override and you don't need to implement all of them because only one of them would get called depending on how you initialize the ViewController instance.

*

*if you call the init method (or its variant initWithFrame etc) directly, in AppDelegate for example
ViewController* vc = [[ViewController alloc] init];

then you can override the init method( or its variant, depending on which one you called)

*if you hand over the initialization to IB(Interface Builder) the initWithCoder will called (I just remembered like this, not 100% sure).

*if you initialize the ViewController by referring to a nib file, you should override the initWithNibName blablabla method


Before you see the difference between linear speed and angular speed, you need to understand what linear speed is. Let us spend some time talking about linear speed.
The linear speed is simply the distance an object moves in a given time.
The linear speed is basically the same as the speed we defined in this lesson. The only difference between speed and linear speed is that the expression linear speed is used when the motion is circular.
Let us pretend that the circle below show the view from the top of a merry-go-round.
The red circles represent the horses. Notice that a horse moving around the blue circle have a greater linear speed than a horse moving around the brown circle. Can you tell why this is so?
The radius of the blue circle is bigger than the radius of the brown circle. As a result, the distance around the blue circle is bigger than the distance around the brown circle.
However, the time it takes to complete a 360 degrees rotation or cycle is the same for both circles.
Suppose it takes the merry-go-round 30 seconds to complete a cycle. Suppose also that the distance around the blue circle is 60 feet and the distance around the brown circle is 40 feet.
Now, you are ready to understand what angular speed is. The owner of the merry-go-round is not going to let you ride forever. They may give you only 10 complete revolutions or cycles. The owner may also decide how fast the ride will complete these 10 cycles.
An owner may set the ride to complete 10 cycles in 60 seconds or 1 cycle in 6 seconds. A different owner may set the ride to 1 cycle every 8 seconds, and so forth.
What is the difference then between linear speed and angular speed?
All horses on a merry-go-round no matter where they are located have the same angular speed. However, those located on circles with bigger radii will have bigger linear speed.
We saw before that the linear speed depends on the radius of the circle. The bigger the radius, the bigger the linear speed. The linear speed also depends on the angular speed. A merry-go-round with angular speed of 20 RPM will have a greater linear speed than a merry-go-round with an angular speed of 5 RPM.
Think of a cyclist. The faster the wheels of the bicycle revolve, the more distance the cyclist will cover which in turn will make the linear speed greater.
Suppose we have a rotating system. Let r represents the radius of a circle, let w the angular speed of the system, and let v represents the linear speed. Then, v is directly proportional to r and w. In other words both r and w will make v bigger.
The formula that shows this relationship is v = r × w.


text:
Video: A Look Into Author Clive Cussler's Automobile Collection
By Lindsey Fisher October 22, 2011
Images: Hooniverse
The name Clive Cussler may not ring a bell for those of you who aren't into adventure novels, but the collection of pre-war automobiles and '50s convertibles he possesses might pique your attention. Earlier this year, Cussler's collection of over 100 cars was opened up for the season and the guys over at Hooniverse were lucky enough to get a look inside.
In 1973, Cussler published his first adventure novel Mediterranean Caper that started the 21-book series following the adventures of Dirk Pitt, a character into impressive cars as much as his high-flying adventures.
Cussler has also written children's classics, other adventure series and non-fiction works. In total, Cussler has written and published 51 books.
In addition to being a bestselling author, Cussler is also the founder of the National Underwater & Marine Agency (NUMA), an organization that is dedicated to preserving American naval and maritime history, which is credited with discovering the Confederate submarine C.S.S. Hunley.
And of course, there are his cars, over 100 to be exact, ranging from 1906 to 1965 models, including his first collector car, a '46 Ford Club Coupe that Cussler bought for his wife for $400.
Housed in Arvada, Colorado, the Cussler Museum houses some of the rarest and finest examples of automotive models ever made. From a 1906 Stanley Steamer and a 1931 Detroit Electric, to a Lyons International Vintage Race Blower Bently, one of only 50 supercharged versions of the car ever made, Cussler's museum has it all. Based on the photos, most of these cars are beyond words, and we're sure the images don't do them justice.
Other notable cars of Cussler's includes an air-cooled Czech Republic-made Tatra; a '36 Avions Voison C-28 Ambassade, which features an aluminum exterior skin; and a '13 Strutz Bearcat-a notable pre- and post-war "sports car" of the era. Many of his cars can be seen in "Built for Adventure: The Classic Automobiles of Clive Cussler and Dirk Pitt" available for purchase.
Lindsey Fisher
Lindsey is a freelance writer and lover of anything with a rumble. Hot rods, muscle cars, motorcycles - she's owned and driven it all. When she's not busy writing about them, she's out in her garage wrenching away. Who doesn't love a tech-savy gal that knows her way around a garage?
Video: Look Back at the '62 Daytona Continental World Sportscar Race


In case you missed the first annual Design Well Conference in San Diego, California this January, fear not! Here is a recap of what you missed, c/o Work Design Magazine.
1. What are pressing questions about design and health your clients have today?
2. When it comes to health and design, what would you would like to know more about to deepen your expertise?
3. What are the biggest barriers to integrating health and wellbeing into your work?
In general, the most common questions asked by clients were about specific design strategies to improve health and wellbeing and the cost of adopting these strategies.
Read our full recap with lots of useful links, here.


What? Has another year gone by already? Yes, indeed.
And to mark this momentous passing of time, I present to you my annual list of the "Top 10 Hot Male Guitarists." With tongue firmly planted in cheek, I have scoured the globe to find the hottest, beefiest and most darling male guitar players out there.
Has my sardonic, turn-the-tables column stemmed the unending flow of "Hot Female Guitarist" lists? Nah. But it sure is fun to research!


Daphne and Vivica (Vi) were always enemies. Vi was always cruel to Daphne, and one day she slipped up and used witchcraft on her. Daphne was shocked, and decided if someone as awful as Vi could do witchcraft, then she should be able to do it also. This is when she discovers her best friend is also a witch, and that witchcraft is not what she expected. It is all based off of physics, and every woman has the potential to become a witch, some just never discover it. Daphne's life changes drastically as she learns to be a witch and even sees Vi in a new light.
At first I couldn't seem to get into this book. Once I got around 50 (nook) pages in, I began to get into the story and ended up liking it a lot. It was a very interesting take on witchcraft. I have not heard anything like it, which made it a very original idea. I applaud the author for coming up with something different from the normal perception.
Once the story picked up momentum, it was very fast-paced and interesting. I ended up finishing the remainder in one sitting because I was curious how everything would play out and if my own assumptions would be correct. I even ended up wanting more of the story once I had finished. The author ended the story well and I felt that there was potential to be more. I'm unsure if the author plans to write another book, but I feel like it could be a strong possibility. If the author continues this story, I will happily continue the adventure.
The author sent me an e-book copy of this book to read and review.
Well this book caught my attention with the catchy title. Looks like a fun little book to check out! Thanks for calling my attentiion to it!
I appreciate your review of my book. I'm glad that you liked it.
You are very welcome, I look forward to reading more!


Doctors treating the Dalai Lama in Bombay on January 28, 2002 said he is in "absolutely normal" condition. Dr. Prakash Mhatre, operations director at the Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre in Bombay told Reuters, "We undertook further medical examinations this morning like blood tests on a fasting stomach. He's absolutely normal." The Dalai Lama went for his medical checkup to Bombay from Bodh Gaya where he was scheduled to bestow the sacred Kalachakra Initiations. Earlier media reports conveyed confusing information on the status of the Dalai Lama's health. Kasur Tenzin Geyche Tethong, Secretary to the Dalai Lama said that he had some bowel infection, which was now under control.
The Dalai Lama was initially treated in Patna. "The Nobel laureate looked fine and even told us that he was already feeling better but we rushed him to Bombay," Patna's chief government surgeon A.K. Mishra told AFP.
"It appears it was perhaps exhaustion or a touch of gastroenteritis," AFP reported Mishra as saying and adding that the Dalai Lama did not want to take any medicines apart from herbal remedies.
Tethong's full statement, released by the Bureau of H.H. the Dalai Lama in New Delhi on January 28, 2002 said, "We are very thankful to the media for the concern shown towards the health of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. However, we regret to note that some print media have reported that the Dalai Lama is suffering from a tumor in his stomach and is being tested to detect any chances of cancer. We are very alarmed to this totally incorrect and baseless report and we need to bring the true and accurate picture to the world.
"The team of doctors will decide on January 28, 2002 after getting all the medical reports whether to discharge him," Dr. Mhatre said.
"The Dalai Lama had some abdominal pain but he is now cheerful and the famous smile we all know about is back on his face," Mhatre was quoted by AFP as saying. He added that doctors would take a decision on Monday on whether he could be discharged from hospital.
"But let me say that there is no reason to worry," Mhatre said.
The Dalai Lama had postponed the Kalachakra teachings to next year and personally made the announcement to the around 200,000 people gathered in Bodh Gaya on January 24, 2002. The event this year attracted nearly 1500 Tibetans from inside Tibet, a comparatively smaller number than those who attended previous such teachings. The reason for this fewer Tibetans from Tibet this time seems to be the increased restrictions being placed on the movement of Tibetans by the Chinese authorities. The Tibetan Government-in-Exile's Department of Information and International Relations had registered 166 media personnel who had come to over the events in Bodh Gaya.


text:
Q: HTML/JavaScript: How to run a loop while running other code? I want to have code that simply will count up by one every second or so. However, I also want to be able to run other code alongside it.
Example:
while(true){
Number + 1 + OtherNumber = Number
}

And also be able to run this at the same time:
function onButtonPress() {
OtherNumber++
}

Note: I do not want to increment otherNumber at an interval, but rather on the press of a button.

A: You can use setInterval:
var intervalId = setInterval(function() {
    OtherNumber++;
}, 1000);

It will increase OtherNumber by one approximately every second.
setInterval returns ID of interval, which can be used to stop it:
clearInterval(intervalId);

Demo snippet:

document.body.innerHTML += "Start
";

setInterval(function() {
  document.body.innerHTML += "Interval step
";
}, 1000);

document.body.innerHTML += "Look! Code is completed before interval step
";

A: If you want to run code as two separate threads you will have to use web Workers as Javascript is single threaded and can not run more than one function at a time.
If you create a function
function workForever(){
    while(true){
       .. do work
    }
}

You will completely block all code, no events will get called, no other javascript will be executed. Most browsers will throw up a dialog reporting that a function is taking a long time do you want to kill the page. But your code is stuck in that loop and can only be exited from within the loop itself.
WebWorkers are a good solution to multitasking in the Javascript environment, but you still need to provide some non execution time to allow the webworkers to communicate. The while(true) will block all communication with the workers, in effect making them useless.
SetInterval, setTimeout, requestAnimationFrame will also be blocked. Javascript unfortunately is single threaded and will never be able to run two functions at the same time.


CriticalDance Forum • View topic - working with assymetry-SO FRUSTRATED!!
Post subject: working with assymetry-SO FRUSTRATED!!
HELP! I could use some ideas for barre work, simple center work (I'm thinking temps lie)that would be good for addressing alignment issues.
The instructor also pointed out that my inner thigh muscles are weaker than my outer ones - which I guess is not unusual in dancers.
I'm straightening out when doing barre exercises where both feet are pretty much on the ground, or lifted only briefly as in degage, but developpe & fondu is a problem. I feel like I need something in between - like maybe using a theraband to help support my leg when lifted so I can exercise those muscles that will hold everything in line.
In the past 3 months, plie to releve exercises have become difficult - I think because my kids have both gotten bigger. I have noticed that when I flat out refuse to carry them for 2 or 3 days in a row, everything "magically" improves. But I can't always get away with this - so I really need to learn to adjust better/increase my awareness.
I really want to start dancing more, and I'm getting frustrated with the inconsistency of my progress. I don't want to wait until I can stop carrying my kids so much as I don't know when that will be, but I'm afraid I'll injure myself if I try to step up the intensity at all before I fix this.
Post subject: Re: working with assymetry-SO FRUSTRATED!!
I don't know anything about alignment or proper exercises to fix your problem, but I know how you feel. My entire left side is weaker than my right! It really affects my turns and petit allegro and is getting really frustrating. I hope just concentrating on this will help, and I also do theraband exercises. Good luck with this!
Actually, I'm looking into Stott Pilates certification - unlike Winsor, they work in parallel, and I think I might need to do that for a while, to retrain things - I think my bad habits are too ingrained when I'm turned out, if that makes any sense.
I've had some luck with trying to balance everything while in parallel, and then rotating out from the hip and making sure that the weight falls on the right areas of my feet & that my feet don't wobble around when I go to releve.
Also, they give you really thorough education in anatomy, kinesthesiology, etc. Like it or not, I think I might just have to work very lightly with dance for a while, so at least this way I'll be making progress towards something!
I have scoliosis, so I'm very assymetrical as well. A teacher recently pointed out to me that my crookedness is getting worse, enough so that it's sometimes noticeable while I'm dancing and not just if you really look at the shape of my back. I think this is mostly because I haven't been thinking about it enough, and when I do think about it, it's obvious how I need to place my body to be more even. Abdominal exercises help me a great deal, as well as back exercises that focus particularly on the weak side. Going to the chiropractor helps sometimes; it doesn't fix anything permanently, but it does put you into better alignment immediately and you can feel what it's like.
Awareness has helped me a lot. After I posted, I realized that I was not engaging my inner thigh muscles very much, whether standing parallel or in turnout. So I started practicing engaging them a bit more in front of the mirror, and by doing this managed to straighten out my knee/ankle foot alignment.
Now I "practice" this all the time, as well as noticing whether my hips and shoulders are straight as well. I periodically check this out during normal activities - especially when I'm walking - it works great when pushing a stroller because I have the nice straight line of the handle in front of me as a reference point.
Then I try to "translate" that alignment into very simple (and gentle) barre exercises (tendus, mostly, also I have a tendu - plie combination barre exercise that is a good test of alignment and weight placement), both with the "barre" (usually my ******* counter) in front of me (this way I can line up my chest and hips, too) and then with it on one side.
For me, it seems like a big part of this is needing to retrain my muscles - get them used to holding things together in a slightly different way, regardless of whether or not I'm dancing.
Definitely with scoliosis if it appears to be getting worse you should go back to your doctor and see what they suggest. It should be a condition managed between your GP, chiropracter and any physical teacher/therapists that you see.


text:
One of the Best Luxurious Hotels in UK - The Edwardian Manchester, A Radisson Collection Hotel
The Edwardian Manchester, A Radisson Collection Hotel
Free Trade Hall, Peter Street, Manchester, M2 5GP, United Kingdom
The Edwardian Manchester, A Radisson Collection Hotel, winner of the Leading Hotel of the Year 2019 award, is located in the city's Free Trade Hall, near to the Central Convention Centre. The hotel has a spa, a restaurant, and an onsite bar. There is free WiFi throughout the resort.
Each accommodation has down bedding, Italian marble baths, and a view of the city. There is also a workstation and a flat-screen TV. A deck is available in certain rooms.
Peter Street Kitchen, winner of the Best Luxury Restaurant 2019 award, provides shared dining in the heart of Manchester with contemporary Japanese and Mexican small dishes.
Continue Reading Below......
The Spa & Gym offers calming services to guests. Staff at the 24-hour front desk speak English, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese and are always willing to assist.
Assouline's Library delivers distinctive cocktails meticulously designed by a team of mixologists to symbolise some of the most popular books in the legendary Assouline catalogue. The Executive Chefs are also happy to present an outstanding array of contemporary cuisine as well as 'The Impossible Edition Afternoon Tea.'
Manchester Art Gallery, Central Library, and Deansgate are all within a 2-minute walk of the hotel. Manchester Piccadilly and Manchester Oxford Road train stations are both a 20-minute walk away. There is also a complimentary shuttle bus that can carry passengers in 10 minutes. Manchester Airport is 13 kilometres away from the hotel.
Continue Reading below.....
Online Average Price : US$ 324
To Book , Check Prices or Availability
uk hotel deals
10 Best Liverpool Hotel Discounts - Feb 2023
10 Best London Hotel Discounts - Feb 2023
10 Best Birmingham Hotel Offers - Feb 2023


Hight quality, fully textured model of satellite dish. Perfect edge-loop modeling, UW-mapping and texture maps ( diff, specular, displ/bump, ambient occlusion, opacity). Ready to subdivide if necessary.
Textures include a layers, for easy on/off ambient occlusion, dirt and scratch layers.


Kagan is a former Dean of Harvard Law School, and has been the Obama Administration's Solicitor General for over a year. She has had a varied career in law, working in the Clinto Administration, as an advisor to the Senate Judiciary Committee, and as a Law Professor. She clerked for Thurgood Marshall, and worked on Michael Dukakis' Presidential campaign.
If approved by the Senate, she will be the first Supreme Court appointee since 1972 not to have prior experience as a Federal judge.
I'll post more information and updates as the process goes on - but in the meantime my generic advice is: Read SCOTUSBlog.
They know more about this stuff than almost anyone, and they do a good job keeping up to date. Here for instance is their detailed summary of Kagan's experience, positives and negatives, and the perception of her by fellow lawyers and jurists.
Kagan is uniformly regarded as extremely smart, having risen to two of the most prestigious positions in all of law: dean of Harvard Law School and Solicitor General.
In government and academia, she has shown a special capacity to bring together people with deeply held, conflicting views. On a closely divided Supreme Court, that is an especially important skill.
Conservatives who she has dealt with respectfully (for example, Charles Fried and former Solicitors General to Republican Presidents) will likely come forward to rebut the claim that she is an extreme liberal.
She would also be only the fourth woman named to the Court in history, and President Obama would have named two. At age 50, she may serve for a quarter century or more, which would likely make her the President's longest lasting legacy.
As with John Roberts, her service in a previous presidential Administration exposed her to a number of decisionmakers, who have confidence in her approach to legal questions.
The fact that she lacks a significant paper trail means that there is little basis on which to launch attacks against her, and no risk of a bruising Senate fight, much less a filibuster.


Louis Malle meets Lewis Carroll in this bizarre and bewitching trip down the rabbit hole. After skirting the horrors of a mysterious war being waged in the countryside, beautiful young Lily (Cathryn Harrison) takes refuge in a remote farmhouse, where she becomes embroiled in the surreal domestic life of an extremely unconventional family. Evocatively shot by cinematographer Sven Nykvist, Black Moon is a Freudian tale of adolescent sexuality set in a postapocalyptic world of shifting identities and talking animals. It is one of Malle's most experimental films and a cinematic daydream like no other.


text:
Jean Dejoux, né le  à Nîmes (Gard) et mort le  à Joigny (Yonne), est un dessinateur, animateur, metteur en scène, scénographe et chercheur français.

Biographie
Gendre du comédien et auteur Charles de Rochefort, il fait ses débuts dans les années 1950 au théâtre Charles-de-Rochefort que dirige sa mère, la comédienne Mary Grant, en tant que scénographe et metteur en scène de pièces policières.

Employé au service de recherche technique de la RTF, dirigé par Pierre Schaeffer, il invente dans les années 1960 l'animographe, utilisé notamment par Jacques Rouxel pour réaliser les premiers épisodes des Shadoks.

Il est le père de l'actrice Christine Dejoux.

Théâtre
 En tant que metteur en scène
 1955 : Liberty Bar de Frédéric Valmain d'après Georges Simenon, théâtre Charles-de-Rochefort (+ scénographie)
 1956 : Traquenard de Frédéric Valmain d'après James Hadley Chase, théâtre Charles-de-Rochefort
 1956 : La Corde pour te pendre de Frédéric Valmain, théâtre Charles-de-Rochefort
 1957 : Un remède de cheval de Leslie Sands, théâtre Charles-de-Rochefort
 1958 : Meurtres en fa dièse de Frédéric Valmain  d'après Boileau-Narcejac, théâtre Charles-de-Rochefort
 1959 : Homicide par prudence de Frédéric Valmain  d'après Double Cross de John O'Hare, théâtre Charles-de-Rochefort (+ scénographie)
 1960 : Sammy de Pol Quentin d'après Ken Hughes, théâtre Charles-de-Rochefort (+ scénographie)
 1961 : Deux pieds dans la tombe de Frédéric Valmain  d'après John Lee Thompson, théâtre Charles-de-Rochefort
 1962 : Illégitime Défense de Frédéric Valmain, théâtre Charles-de-Rochefort
 1962 : Pas d'usufruit pour tante Caroline de Frédéric Valmain, théâtre Charles-de-Rochefort

Documentaire
 L'animographe ou je suis né dans une boite à chaussures, par Thierry Dejean, France, 2021

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens internes
 Jacques Rouxel
 Les Shadoks

Liens externes

 « Jean Dejoux présente l'animographe » (1963) sur le site de l'INA

Inventeur français
Personnalité du domaine de l'animation
Directeur français de théâtre
Metteur en scène français
Scénographe français
Naissance en décembre 1922
Naissance à Nîmes
Décès en janvier 2015
Décès à Joigny
Décès à 92 ans


text:
Difference Between Microprocessor and Microcontroller and Microcomputer
By Sandeep / November 24, 2022 November 24, 2022
What is Microprocessor?
What is Microcontroller?
What is a Microcomputer?
Comparison Between Microprocessor and Microcontroller and Microcomputer
A microprocessor is a device where the data processing logic and control are located. They include a single integrated circuit or a small number of integrated circuits.
The microprocessor is the heart of any computer system. They provide the computational power and control necessary to run the system. The first microprocessor was the Intel 4004 in 1971.
The microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable device that accepts digital data. They instruct it using information stored in its memory, and it outputs the results.
Microprocessors have become more powerful and cheaper to produce. It is used in many applications, including calculators, automobiles, microwave ovens, and industrial robots.
It is an example of sequential digital logic, as it performs operations in sequence.
A microcontroller has a processor, memory, and input/output peripherals on a single integrated circuit.
Microcontrollers are becoming increasingly popular due to their cost-effectiveness. A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit.
They are used in automobiles, office equipment, appliances, and consumer electronics. Microcontrollers are programmed using a high-level programming language like C or assembly language.
It is small and consumes less power than other types of computers. It includes input/output (I/O) devices that allow it to interact with the outside world. They are also used in hobby projects and robotics.
Microcontrollers were first developed in 1971 by Intel Corporation. The first microcontroller was the 4-bit i4004.
A microcomputer is a computer that has been shrunk down to fit on a single integrated circuit (IC) chip.
This makes them much smaller and cheaper than traditional computers. Microcomputers are used in a wide variety of devices, including calculators, cars, and microwaves. They are also used in some of the world's largest supercomputers.
A microcomputer is a computer with a microprocessor as its CPU. Microprocessors have a variety of input/output and storage capabilities like desktop computers, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and wearable devices.
They are used in many embedded systems and are also very popular with hobbyists and makers. In the early 1970s, the microcomputer was invented.
They revolutionized the way people used computers and changed the way businesses operated. Microcomputers were easy-to-use processors with affordable memory in the 1970s and 1980s.
The main difference between them is:
A microprocessor is a computer processor that includes the functions of a CPU on a single integrated circuit (IC), or at most a few ICs.
A microcontroller is a computer processor with memory, I/O interfaces, and other peripherals on a single integrated circuit (IC).
A microcomputer is based on a microprocessor and also includes memory, I/O interfaces, and other peripherals on one or more ICs.
Parameters of comparison Microprocessor Microcontroller Microcomputer
Definition They are multipurpose, programmable devices that accept digital data as input, and process it according to instructions stored in their memory. A microcontroller is a small, inexpensive computer-on-a-chip that can be used to control devices or processes. A microcomputer is a computer that has a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU).
Chipset They contain a silicon chip that contains the central processing unit of a computer. A microcontroller is a single VLSI integrated circuit (IC) chip. They contain large-scale integrated circuit components (VLSI).
Power consumption Microprocessor power consumption is high. Microcontroller power consumption is low. The amount of power a microcomputer uses depends on its processor, operating system, and other factors.
Consist of It requires a combination of timers, controllers, and memory chips in order to function. It includes a CPU, RAM, ROM, registers, a timer, and input/output ports. It includes a minimum of a microprocessor, program memory, data memory, and input-output (I/O) interfaces.
Invented by It was invented by Intel Corporation's Ted Hoff in 1969. It was invented in 1971 by Intel Corporation. In the early 1970s, a man named Mers Kutt first invented the microcomputer.


If you need to make a tuition payment click here.
1. To make a donation click here.
2. You will then be taken to PayPal's website to finish the donation. You do not need to have a PayPal account to complete this online donation. If you made an error in your price come back to this page and enter the correct amount.
3. Do not use this page to make tuition or other school payments. Please use the Online Payments page instead.


text:
Q: How to create async function for onCall firebase functions system I'm trying to upload my cloud functions but I have an error during the upload :
  14:63  error  Parsing error: Unexpected token =>

The function :
exports.deleteUser = functions.https.onCall(async (data, ctx) => {
  //my code
}

The error is the arrow...
But this error happen just when I deploy my functions on the cloud but with the emulator nothing appear.

A: The code provided is correct, you most likely have eslint added and configured to default's which have very strict settings.
Setting the Env value to es6 or newer should resolve this issue.
  env: {
    es6: true,
    node: true,
  },
  "parserOptions": {
    "ecmaVersion": 2018
  }


Canon PIXMA E400 Driver Download – Done in 1 Printer is an exceptional gadget and will aid settle all your printing issues. You can currently conveniently obtain all the printing carried out in no time. Thrill your boss with excellent graphic styles, job sheets, pie charts, graphs, discussions and a lot more. This is an all-in-one printer which aids you with quality printing.
Canon PIXMA E400 Driver – Canon is a renowned Japanese business that develops its items with tremendous accuracy and latest modern technology. This terrific mix of modern technology and also design have made this product a special one. When you bring this item home, you will certainly know how vital it is. The printable size is up to 203.2 mm (8inches). The area bordered printing consists of the top margin having 3 millimetres, the bottom margin is 16.7 millimetres, and also Left/ Right margin is 3.4 millimetres each. The paper sizes that work with this printer are A4, A5, B5, LTR, LGL, 4 x 6″, as well as 5 x 7″. There are two types of printing readily available in colour- 48bits/ 24bits (RGB each 16bits/ 8bits) and grey range 16bits/ 8bits.
PIXMA E400 Driver – The dimension of this Canon printer is 48×37.2 x18.6 centimetres. It is portable in size and also does not use up much area on your desk. If at all it obtains dusty, after that you can quickly dust it with the help of a soft completely dry towel. This printer is extremely easy to use. You could publish anything theoretically quickly and in double-quick time. Store online to obtain this superb printer from the house of Canon today.
ISO print speed is 8.0/ 4.0 ipm( Bk/Clr).
The ink reliable cartridges for black is around 400 pages, and also for colour it is around 300 pages.
There is a Car power switch to switch the printer setting ON.
The Maximum printing resolution is 4800 (for straight) x 600 (for vertical) dpi.


text:
Sarcastic liveblogging of Apple's iPhone event - Get it here
By Tim Conneally
Today, gadget tastemaker Apple is expected to unveil a host of new products, including a new iPhone, new iPods, and perhaps even an update to the bête noire that is iTunes. In all likelihood, the "iPhone 5" will be the scene-stealer of this event, which will add some small, incremental changes to the obnoxiously popular device. The changes documented herein are sure to be labeled as life-changing and essential by the bike-riding gentrification brigade, and be labeled as Android copies by the cloak-wearing dungeon masters. Since we've sat through six different iPhone unveilings, we've decided to call this one as we see it...
Today's event begins at 10:00 am PDT (1:00 pm Eastern), and all updates appear in reverse chronological order (i.e. newest posts first), and yes, you do actually have to refresh the page.
2:56pm EST It's over. This liveblog was brought to you by my complete distaste for liveblogs, and also Dunkin' Donuts coffee. They didn't pay me to say that, I'm just so hopelessly addicted, that I'd probably liveblog one of their corporate functions without complaint.
2:48pm EST Apple's site has updated with the new iPhone 5 page, and new iPod page, where Apple says it has created an "all new design" for the new iPhone...I don't think that means what they think it means.
2:45pm EST One more thing: Dave Grohl's teeth.
2:39pm EST The existing iPod touch stays the same price, while the new models cost $299 and $399 for 32GB and 64GB respectively. Clearly the market is willing to fork over a couple hundred dollars for Siri and a complete incompatibility with their home stereo docks.
2:35pm EST New headphones called "Earpods" that have been in design for three years. This is good because the last revision of them made them too small for my elephantine earholes and they'd frictionlessly fall right out. The first time I tried them, I had to put them in my ears like Frankenstein's neck bolts, jutting straight outward. Worst headphones ever.
2:32pm EST New iPod touch gets iOS 6, Siri, and the ability to add a camera strap. That latter one is weird. Jony Ive signed off on that?
2:26pm EST New iPod touch has a 4" Retina display, weighs only 88 grams, sports an A5 processor and has a 5 Megapixel camera. Apple says it's seven times faster than the last generation iPod touch...What they really need is one that can take a run through the washing machine. I've lost three iPods that way. You'd think I would have learned by now. No, wait...it's Apple's fault, not mine.
2:18pm EST New iPod Nano has a bigger 2.5" screen, FM tuner with DVR-like rewind/pause features, widescreen video playback capabilities, new UI, a variety of colored chassis...and the new Lightning connector to guarantee everyone buys new peripherals.
2:15pm EST Tom Warren posts about the Windows Marketplace rebranding at the moment the new iTunes is being discussed. From the end of a long, dark, hallway, a lone voice says "wha?"
2:08pm EST A new version of iTunes will be released, with a new interface and a slight rearrangement of features. A new mini-player has been added in addition to the new iTunes client. You have to go bigger to go smaller.
2:06pm EST The iTunes store has been redesigned to even more forcibly cram The Dave Matthews Band down your throat.
2:00pm EST iPhone 5 pricing: $199 for 16GB, $299 for 32GB, and $399 for 64GB, available for pre-order on Friday, Sept. 14. Devices ship on September 21. Just. In. Time.
1:56pm EST Pricing and Availability will be announced soon, but Apple is withholding that information until you exhibit enough desire by crashing Twitter.
1:55pm EST I have been informed that those are called Death Star Troopers and that I'm a terrible person for not knowing that.
1:53pm EST Everything Apple talked about in respect to iOS 6 had been previously announced. It was repeated today to drill it into your heads that this phone can do things that the Death Star required millions of those guys in big black helmets to do.
1:51pm EST You can dictate Facebook status updates to Siri, ask her about sports scores and movies, or use her to launch apps. I now will refer to her with human pronouns. We live in the future.
1:50pm EST Siri is now self-conscious about her bad performance in that commercial with Martin Scorcese.
1:48pm EST Passbook: So when your iPhone 5 is stolen, the thief can use your Costco membership too.
1:45pm EST As mentioned earlier, iPhone 5 will be equipped with iOS 6. Hence, this phone goes to eleven.
1:38pm EST The new dock connector is called "Lightning." I assume it's because it can shock the living shit out of you.
1:36pm EST Apple says it's improved the front-facing camera, yet they only say it's 720p. Whenever a company does that, it's because they're trying to avoid saying the camera is under 2 megapixels.
1:34pm EST Did you know the camera element typically retains 100 percent of its monetary value a full year after Apple has debuted a new iPhone? I'm serious. Those things are the pearl inside the clam.
1:33pm EST The iPhone 5 camera, which we all know is the most important part of the goddamn thing, contains an 8 megapixel sensor, 3264 x 2448, backside illumination, hybrid IR filter, five element lens, f/2.4 aperture, and is 25 percent smaller. It includes a new panoramic image capture feature, which you will use only on vacation or on the tops of tall buildings.
1:30pm EST iPhone 5 weighs 20 percent less than 4S, is 18 percent thinner than the 4S, has a screen half an inch bigger, higher resolution screen, "44 percent more color saturation", double processor and graphics speed, and faster LTE connectivity. In general terms, it makes the 4S look weak enough for current owners to want an upgrade, but not feel terrible about owning the 4S in the first place. Encouraging upgrades is a very special form of public shaming.
1:25pm EST iPhone 5 is equipped with the A6 processor, roughly 2x faster than the previous generation. I am sad to say this means your children will have a better experience when playing games on your phone while you wait for the waiters to serve you.
1:22pm EST iPhone 5 includes an LTE radio, like 100 other phones.
1:20pm EST Taller screen, extra row of icons, 1136 x 640 resolution (this is according to Joanna Stern, who is actually there, and who probably makes way more money than I do.)
1:17pm EST iPhone 5 is the 6th iPhone and it has a 4-inch screen. If this were a Samsung device, it would be called the Galaxy S VI and have a V.VI" screen.
1:15pm EST The iPhone 5 is crafted from aluminum and glass, just like beer containers. Admit it, that's the real reason you love it.
1:14pm EST Apple admits it is announcing the iPhone 5 after countless leaks earlier today, and after placing a gigantic number five on the invitations to this event.
1:11pm EST Apple sold 400 million iOS devices. The app store has 700,000 apps and 250,000 iPad-specific apps. Yet there's only one Phil Schiller. Incredible.
1:09pm EST Apple sold more iPads than any single PC manufacturer sold notebooks. Answer to that problem: MAKE NOTEBOOKS OBSOLETE FASTER.
1:07pm EST 17 million iPads sold last quarter. That's...certainly...a number.
1:04pm EST In feudal Japan, the Apple Store would have been the least honorable link in the Apple chain. It makes nothing, and it provides very little in the way of repairs and advice. It exists almost solely to sell you something.
1:00pm EST Apple is amazing and inspiring and exciting, says everyone who garners an eight figure salary from Apple.
12:56pm EST Those badges look an awful lot like...
12:45pm EST Fifteen minutes until showtime and I can still think of nothing that would excite me about this event. A differently sized screen? A differently powered processor or wireless radio? The ability for Randall Kennedy to claim this device will fully redefine the enterprise communications sector?
12:35pm EST Train Simulator 2013 is now available for pre-order on Steam. Talk about awesome timing for that announcement.
12:23pm EST Joe Wilcox is already working on his next article:
12:16pm EST The iPhone 5 is purported to have a new proprietary dock connector which will render all previous docks, chargers, and accessories obsolete, but keep the royalty stream flowing without interruption. We expect Apple to present some sexy reason for the swap that avoids the mention of dump truckloads of cash.
12:00pm EST
11:59am EST The President of the United States will be leaving Andrews Air Force Base fifteen minutes after Apple's presentation begins.
11:39am EST According to Google, it will take one hour and eighteen minutes to drive from One Infinite Loop to the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts. There is at least one Apple employee sweating in traffic right now.
11:22am EST It should be noted that I'm not actually at the Novellus Theater. Apple has never invited me to anything because I'm a Microsoft shill, and also a Google shill, and also a shill for literally everyone I've ever written about. It should also be noted that I still believe HD-DVD was the superior optical format.
10:45am EST Two hours and fifteen minutes ahead of the show and http://store.apple.com/ is down. Every new iPhone has the power to stop you from buying a Mac.
Photo: Ronald Sumners/Shutterstock
10 Responses to Sarcastic liveblogging of Apple's iPhone event - Get it here


Industry Exposure: 30 years' experience into Data Ware House, Process Quality Management Consulting, Requirements Management, Project / Program Management, Software Design, Product development/deployment, Vendor Management, System Integration, Estimation and costing, Client Relationship/ Account Management, Re-use of assets, Business Continuity Planning, Knowledge Management, Business and Technology Consulting, HR.
Current Assignment: An Empirical Study on Market Potential for Smart Contracts in India.
1. HCL Technologies, Bangalore: 'Appreciating a key role in ISO 20000 surveillance audit.
2. Sri Sai Ram Engineering College, Chennai: For conducting a knowledge filled presentation on "Data Warehousing" to the Professors of Anna University.
3. Citi Consumer Treasury, New York USA: For my valuable guidance and timely advice provided for their audit.
4. IT team- Phillips Petroleum Company, Oklahoma USA: For my technical advises and valuable inputs provided by me during their system implementation.
5. Ernst & Young, Houston USA: For my technical presence and valuable guidance.


text:
Die Geschichte der Mongolei umfasst die Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet des heutigen Mongolischen Staates von der Urgeschichte bis zur Gegenwart. Das Territorium der heutigen Mongolei wurde seit jeher von Nomaden beherrscht, die zeitweise, wie die Xiongnu oder die Xianbei, Reiche gründeten. 1190 gelang es Dschingis Khan, die Mongolen zu einen und in Folge das riesige Mongolische Reich zu errichten. Die Mongolen übernahmen die Herrschaft in China, wo sie die Yuan-Dynastie etablierten. Nach dem Zerfall ihres Reiches 1262 lebten die meisten Mongolen wieder nomadisch, verschiedene Nachfolgestaaten existierten bis ins 16. Jahrhundert. Zur selben Zeit kam das Land unter den Einfluss des Buddhismus, etwas später wurde der Großteil der Mongolei durch die Qing-Dynastie beherrscht. Nach deren Zusammenbruch lehnte sich die Mongolei stark an Russland bzw. die Sowjetunion an. 1911 erlangte sie die Unabhängigkeit und 1924 wurde die Mongolische Volksrepublik ausgerufen, die politisch, militärisch und wirtschaftlich von der Sowjetunion abhängig war. In Folge der Veränderungen in Osteuropa wurde 1992 eine neue Verfassung angenommen und die parlamentarische Demokratie eingeführt.

Überblick

In der Geschichte der Mongolei werden folgende Zeitabschnitte unterschieden:

 Vor- und Frühgeschichte (bis ins 11. Jh.)
 Einigung der Stämme und Eroberung eines Weltreichs (12.–14. Jh.)
 Die Dunkle Epoche (1368–1636)
 Die Mongolen unter der Qing-Dynastie (1637–1911)
 Autonomiebestrebungen und Mongolische Volksrepublik (ab 1911)
 Wende zur Demokratie und zum Kapitalismus (ab 1990)

In Altertum und Antike war die Mongolei aufgrund des unwirtlichen Klimas fast ausschließlich von nomadischen Hirtenvölkern besiedelt; im weiten Land existierten nur sporadisch kleinere Städte der Samojeden, Uiguren sowie einige unter chinesischem Einfluss.
Während dieser Zeit kam es bereits mehrfach zu Angriffen einzelner Stämme auf China oder die westlich gelegene Seidenstraße durch Zentralasien.

Im Mittelalter gelang es Dschingis Khan (1155–1227), die mongolischen Stämme in einem Staat zu vereinen und mit Hilfe überlegener Kriegführung für Jahrhunderte ein Weltreich zu errichten, das auf seinem Höhepunkt von Mitteleuropa bis in den Fernen Osten reichte. Es stellte das größte zusammenhängende Reich der Geschichte dar; in seinem Inneren herrschte die Pax Mongolica. Dschingis Khans Enkel Kublai Khan († 1294 in Peking) errichtete die Yuan-Dynastie in China und übertrug buddhistischen Mönchen die Verwaltung von Tibet.

Das Ende der Yuan-Dynastie 1368 markierte den Beginn der "Dunklen Epoche": Die Mongolen waren häufig zerstritten und schwach. Im Osten bestand das eigentliche Mongolische Khanat – geschwächt – fort und wird heute als Herrschaftsgebiet zumeist Nördliche Yuan genannt. Im Westen wurde 1368 der Stammesbund Dörben Oirat gegründet und 1640 das Dsungarische Khanat. Im 18. Jahrhundert dehnten das China der Qing-Dynastie und Russland in der Mongolei aus.

Nach dem Zusammenbruch Chinas 1911 erklärte sich die Mongolei für unabhängig, allerdings dauerte es (trotz russischer Hilfe) bis 1921, die chinesischen Truppen endgültig aus dem Land zu vertreiben. 1924 wurde die Mongolische Volksrepublik als zweiter sozialistischer Staat der Geschichte proklamiert, in der Folge wurde das Land ein Satellitenstaat der UdSSR.

Unter dem Eindruck der Veränderungen in Osteuropa entstand 1990 auch in der Mongolei eine Demokratiebewegung, eine neue Verfassung wurde verabschiedet und 1992 fanden freie Wahlen statt. Von 1990 bis 1996 regierten die Mongolische Revolutionäre Volkspartei (MRVP) das Land, dann die liberalere "Demokratische Partei" bis 2000. Seit der Parlamentswahl 2004 gibt es eine Große Koalition der MRVP mit einem Bündnis demokratischer Parteien.

Völker, Natur und Nachbarn
Im Laufe der Zeit wurde die mongolische Hochebene von verschiedenen bedeutenden Stämmen wie den Xiongnu, Kök-Türken und den Mongolen beherrscht.

Stammeskonföderationen
Historiker bemühen sich nun, die zahlreichen asiatischen Nomadenstämme nach gewissen sprachlichen, kulturellen und historischen Gesichtspunkten in Gruppen zu ordnen. Man unterscheidet sie so mehr oder minder begründet nach indogermanischer, hunnischer, türkischer, mongolischer, tibetischer oder tungusischer Herkunft.

Folgende Stammeskonföderationen werden demnach als Herren der mongolischen Hochebene verzeichnet, die zum Teil gleichzeitig auch in China regierten.
 Xiongnu 3. Jh. v. Chr – 1. Jh.
 Xianbei 1. Jh. – 4. Jh.
 Rouran 4. Jh. – 6. Jh.
 Kök-Türken 6. Jh. – 8. Jh.
 Uiguren 8. Jh. – 9. Jh.
 Kirgisen 9. Jh. – 10. Jh.
 Kitan (vgl. Liao-Dynastie) 10. Jh. – 12. Jh.
 Mongolen (vgl. Yuan-Dynastie) 12. Jh. – 17. Jh.
 Mandschu (vgl. Qing-Dynastie) 17. Jh. – 20. Jh.

Das Prinzip der Bildung einer Stammeskonföderation war immer das gleiche. Ein Fürst scharte Anhänger unterschiedlicher Herkunft um sich und versuchte so, seine eigenen Sippen besser unter Kontrolle zu bringen. Diese Leute legten sich Adelstitel zu und verfügten bald über eine eigene Dienerschaft und eigene Hirten. Der Fürst begann dann mit ihrer Hilfe die Nachbarstämme anzugreifen und auszubeuten, bis er auf zu viel Widerstand traf.

Dabei ist zwischen der direkten Gefolgschaft eines Stammes-Häuptlings (Khan) und dem von diesen Leuten abhängigen "Volk" zu unterscheiden. Wurde die direkte Gefolgschaft des Khans besiegt, so lösten sich diese Stammes-Herrschaften auf. Der Name des herrschenden Stammes war aber oft auf sämtliche vereinigte Stämme übertragen worden, auch wenn die Machthaber in den Wirren der Geschichte verschwanden.

Religion
Die Nomaden der mongolischen Hochebene hingen meist dem Tengrismus an. Erst im 16. Jahrhundert konnte der tibetische Buddhismus unter Altan Khan und seinen Verwandten seinen Siegeszug antreten – auch wenn es vorher bereits vielfältige religiöse Kontakte zu Buddhisten, Moslems und nestorianischen Christen gab. Der heutige Glaube der Mongolen ist eine Kombination aus Tengrismus und Buddhismus.

Natur
Aufgrund der klimatischen Bedingungen mit ihren extremen Temperaturschwankungen war die Mongolei mit wenigen Ausnahmen kein Land, in dem sich Ackerbau und ein damit verbundenes sesshaftes Leben entwickeln hätte können.

Man konzentrierte sich auf die spezialisierte Viehzucht von Pferden und Schafen, die die Lebensgrundlage bildeten, alles andere stellte allenfalls einen Nebenerwerb dar. Aber mit Viehzucht konnte man keine großen Völker ernähren und folglich auch keine große Kultur hervorbringen. Die Nomaden Eurasiens wurden so von ihren Nachbarn als Barbaren betrachtet, wobei die Han-Chinesen sie in Rohe (feindliche) und Gekochte (freundliche) Barbaren unterschieden.

Kleinere Zentren des Weizen- und Hirseanbaus gab es. Darüber hinaus wurden Ruinen von Städten der Samojeden und Uiguren im Gebiet von Tuwa an mehreren Stellen entdeckt. Auch im Ordos-Gebiet gab es unter chinesischem Einfluss kleinere Städte. Salz, Kohle, Gold und Silber wurden gelegentlich abgebaut. Ferner verfügte man über versklavte chinesische Handwerker zur Herstellung von Waffen und Webwaren.

Nomaden

Bis in die Neuzeit kannten die innerasiatischen Nomaden keine Grenzen. Sie waren aufgrund weidewirtschaftlicher Erfordernisse zu ständigen Ortswechseln gezwungen. War die wirtschaftliche Situation aufgrund von Kälteeinbrüchen, Trockenheit oder zu großem Bevölkerungswachstum schlecht, schlossen sie sich zusammen und griffen die Nachbarländer an, um sich dort zusätzliche Nahrungsmittel, Weidegründe und Kulturgüter zu beschaffen. Die Nomaden lebten so in ständiger innerer Unruhe.

Das Hauptziel der Stämme in der heutigen Mongolei, Mandschurei und an der Grenze zu Tibet war das reiche China. Wähnte man sich stark genug, so griff man das Land an. Erwies sich China als ein zu starker Gegenspieler, so wich man nach Westen und auf die Länder an der Seidenstraße aus.

Die Nomaden waren mit ihrer hochspezialisierten Nomadenwirtschaft auf den Handel zur Beschaffung fehlender Güter angewiesen, die sie wie viele Eisenwaren nicht selbst herstellen konnten. Deshalb schützten ihre Khane in aller Regel den Handel und die meist muslimischen Händler. Beschränkungen des Handels, wie sie von China im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert als politisches Druckmittel verwendet wurden, waren ein Kriegsgrund.

Vor- und Frühgeschichte

Vor 500.000 Jahren war das Territorium der heutigen Mongolei von Homo erectus besiedelt. Dies belegen Funde von primitiven Werkzeugen aus Stein. Damals war das Klima milder als heute. Die Berge waren mit Laub- und Nadelwäldern bedeckt. Auf den saftigen Wiesen lebten Antilopen und Mammuts.

Im Tal des Flusses Tolbor, einem Nebenfluss der Selenga, wurden in der Fundstelle Tolbor-16 annähernd 45.000 Jahre alte Steinwerkzeuge entdeckt, die ältesten Belege für die Anwesenheit der anatomisch modernen Menschen (Homo sapiens) auf dem Gebiet der heutigen Mongolei. Das älteste Fossil des anatomisch modernen Menschen, das in der Mongolei gefunden wurde, ist der rund 34.000 Jahre alte Salkhit-Schädel.

Aus der späteren Steinzeit, also von vor 40.000 bis 12.000 Jahren, stammen Höhlenmalereien in der Provinz Chowd. Das Land war damals von Mammuts, Nashörnern, Hirschen, Bisons, Eseln und Antilopen besiedelt. Im Mesolithikum, etwa vor 12.000–7000 Jahren, begann man, Pfeil und Bogen zu benutzen und Haustiere zu halten. Es wird auch vermutet, dass Menschen der Region über die damals existierende Landbrücke in die Beringstraße nach Nordamerika wanderten.

Die ersten schriftlichen Belege stammen aus chinesischen Chroniken. Sie bezeugen die Feindschaft zwischen den zwei Völkern und beschreiben die Mongolen wie Wölfe und Barbaren, deren einziges Ziel es war, chinesische Vorräte zu rauben. Man darf davon ausgehen, dass die Vorgänger der Mongolen damals eine primitive Form von Landwirtschaft betrieben und dass es Handelsbeziehungen mit anderen Völkern gab, da Geschirr aus Nephrit gefunden wurde, wofür das Rohmaterial im weiteren Umkreis der Fundstätte nicht zu finden ist.

In der Bronzezeit, etwa 2500 v. Chr. bis 1000 v. Chr., entwickelte sich die Kultur der Region aufgrund der zahlreich vorhandenen Lagerstätten an Kupfer in der Mongolei schnell. Zur gleichen Zeit kühlte das Klima jedoch weiter ab, so dass es zu kalt wurde, um Ackerbau zu betreiben, wodurch die Menschen hier endgültig zu viehzüchtenden Nomaden wurden. Kunstgegenstände, die aus dieser Zeit stammten, belegen, dass Pferde, Ziegen und Schafe in der Gesellschaft bereits damals eine große Rolle spielten.

Im dritten Jahrhundert v. Chr. fiel der Stamm Xiongnu in den südlich gelegenen chinesischen Staaten ein. Sie wurden erfolgreich zurückgeschlagen, und als Antwort auf die häufigen mongolischen Einfälle begann Kaiser Qin Shihuangdi mit dem Bau der Chinesischen Mauer, indem er bereits vorhandene Befestigungsmauern verband und ausbaute. Die Völker aus der Steppe, wie die Xianbei, die Tuoba und die Rouran, überwanden die Mauer jedoch wiederholt und plünderten die chinesischen Gebiete, zeitweise errichteten sie sogar ihre eigenen Reiche und akkulturierten sich.

Im 8. Jahrhundert übernahmen Turkvölker, vor allem die Uiguren die Vormachtstellung, im 10. Jahrhundert gründeten die Kitan die Liao-Dynastie, die bis 1125 überdauerte.

Einigung der Stämme und Eroberung eines Weltreichs

Im 12. Jahrhundert gelang es Temüdschin, dem Sohn des Clanchefs der Kijat, die zahlreichen untereinander zerstrittenen mongolischen Stämme zu vereinigen und aus ihnen einen Staat zu formen, der es mit seinen mächtigen Nachbarn aufnehmen konnte. Temüdschin, der seinen Vater schon in seiner frühen Kindheit verlor, wurde mit seiner Familie von seinem Clan in der Steppe ausgesetzt. Nachdem er seinen älteren Stiefbruder getötet hatte, wurde er zum Führer seiner Familie, die Verbindungen mit anderen jungen Männern und Clans einging und schwang sich durch Geschick, Großzügigkeit und Gewalt zum Führer aller Mongolen auf.

Um das Jahr 1206 wurde er unter dem Titel Dschingis Khan als Führer aller Mongolen anerkannt. Das ihm verliehene Hoheitszeichen, die weiße Standarte, steht noch heute zusammen mit neun weiteren Standarten für die damaligen Kernstämme des Reiches als Symbol des heutigen mongolischen Staates im mongolischen Parlament. Er stellte eine mächtige Armee auf, zu der mit wenigen Ausnahmen alle Männer zwischen 15 und 70 Jahren verpflichtet wurden, wobei er darauf bedacht war, in allen Gruppen Männer verschiedener Stämme zusammenzufassen. Neu war auch eine streng hierarchische Organisation der Armee und die Spezialisierung der Soldaten. Er gab seinem Reich auch eine einheitliche Schrift und ein einheitliches Gesetz (Jassa). Zur Etablierung einer Zentralgewalt gründete er die neue Hauptstadt Karakorum.

Das von Dschingis Khan erlassene Gesetzbuch Jassa beinhaltete traditionelle mongolische Gesetze, wurde jedoch um neue Gesetze, die die Erweiterung des mongolischen Reiches verlangten, ergänzt. Die Gesetze sahen Strafen für Lügner vor, verlangten die Rückgabe verlorenen Eigentums, beschränkten den Alkoholgenuss und errichteten ein soziales Sicherheitsnetz für die Hinterbliebenen getöteter mongolischer Krieger. Eine weitgehend einheitliche Rechtsordnung trug wesentlich zur Pax Mongolica vom späten 12. Jahrhundert bis ins 14. Jahrhundert bei.

Im Spannungsfeld zwischen einem zentralen Einheitsstaat und dezentralen Teilreichen kam es ab Kublai Khan zur Teilung des Mongolischen Reiches.

Dunkle Epoche

Die mongolische Yuan-Dynastie in China wurde 1271 durch Dschingis Khans Enkel Kublai Khan proklamiert und dauerte bis 1370, als sie durch die Ming-Dynastie ersetzt wurde. Die Yuan flohen nach Norden, gaben aber ihre Ansprüche gegenüber den Ming nie auf. Sie wurden nun Nördliche Yuan genannt. Die Ming bedrängten sie und schlugen sie 1388 in einer Schlacht beim See Buir Nur: 70.000 Mongolen wurden gefangen genommen und die Hauptstadt Karakorum wurde zerstört. Die Ostmongolen wurden geschwächt, was den Aufstieg der westmongolischen Oiraten begünstigte.

Wie vor der Zeit Dschingis Khans griffen die mongolischen Stämme nun immer wieder das chinesische Kaiserreich an, was die Herrscher der Ming-Dynastie bewog, die chinesische Mauer weiter auszubauen und zu verstärken. Kriegerische Zeiten wechselten mit friedlichen. Es begannen zahlreiche, durch China angestachelte Kämpfe der mongolischen Stämme untereinander.

1412 wurde der von den Oiraten abhängige Delbeg Khan Großkhan der Nördlichen Yuan. In dieser Zeit erlitten die Oiraten eine Niederlage gegen die Ming und Adai Khan konnte erst die östlichen und dann die zentralen Gebiete der Mongolei vereinen. Im Ringen um die westlichen, oriatischen, Gebiete hatte er keinen abschließenden Erfolg; da die Oriaten aber einige Jahre keinen Khan hatten, war er zu dieser Zeit der einzige Khan der Mongolen. 1425 wurde er Großkhan.
Die Ming betrachteten dies als Bedrohung und unterstützten nun wiederum die Oiraten. 1430 erlitt Adai Khan eine entscheidende Niederlage, 1438 wurde er von den Oiraten getötet.
Nun gewannen wieder die Oiraten die Oberhand und Esen Tayishi konnte seine Herrschaft auf die ganze Mongolei ausdehnen, 1449 fiel er in China ein, 1453 ernannte er sich zum Khan, doch schon im Folgejahr wurde er ermordet.

Es begann ein erneutes Ringen um die Vorherrschaft: 1475 konnte Manduul Khan sich gegen die meisten Khane durchsetzen, bis er 1478 ermordet wurde. Manduuls Tochter Manduchai setzte ihren minderjährigen Sohn Dayan Khan als neuen Khan ein, in der Folgezeit konnten die mongolischen Stämme wieder geeint werden.
Dayan Khan organisierte die Ostmongolen in zwei Flügel mit jeweils 3 Tümen, insgesamt also 6 Tümen (Tümen bedeutet Zehntausend). Diese Einteilung bezog sich sowohl auf militärische als auch auf administrative Aspekte. 1517 wird als Höhepunkt Dayans Herrschaft angesehen, als er mit einer Armee bis Peking zog. 1542, kurz vor seinem Tod, besiegte er ein letztes Mal chinesische Truppen.

Während der Herrschaft von Daraisung Guden Khan (1547–57) wuchs die Macht des Altan Khan, der eigentlich nur den Ostflügel führte. In dieser Zeit begann der tibetische Buddhismus zur Staatsreligion der Mongolen zu werden. Tümen Zasagt Khan gelang es während seiner Herrschaft 1558–92 ein letztes Mal alle Mongolen zu vereinen. Danach schwand die Einigkeit unter den Mongolen.

Im Ringen zwischen den beiden bedeutendsten mongolischen Stämmen wichen die (westmongolischen) Oiraten vor den (ostmongolischen) Chalcha zurück und zogen ab 1610 nach Westen und Süden. Es entstanden neue oiratische Khanate: 1640 gründete Khungtaidschi Batur  das Dsungarische Khanat, 1642 Gushri Khan das Choschuten-Khanat.

Im Osten kämpfte Ligdan Khan ab 1619 erfolglos gegen den wachsenden Druck der Mandschu unter Nurhaci und Hung Tayiji. Er verlor den Rückhalt vieler ostmongolischer Stämme, musste mit seinem Stamm, den Chakhar, fliehen und starb 1634. Die mongolischen Chakhar schlossen sich darauf den mandschurischen Jurchen an.

Während der Qing-Dynastie

Die Mandschu gewannen weiter an Macht, 1644 vertrieben sie in China die Ming-Dynastie und gründeten die Qing-Dynastie. 1696 schlugen sie einen Vorstoß des Dsungarischen Khanats zurück, 1717 zerstörte Tsewangrabtan, Khan des Dsungarischen Khanats das benachbarte Choschuten-Khanat, 1755–58 besiegten die Mandschu ihrerseits das Dsungarische Khanat und richteten zum Verhindern von Aufständen ein Massaker unter den Dsungaren an.

Im 16./17. Jahrhundert entstanden aus der Verschmelzung älterer Mongolengruppen die Chalcha-Mongolen. Diese Gruppen spielten eine wichtige Rolle bei der Bildung des chinesisch-mongolischen Großreiches unter der Qing-Dynastie. Der Niedergang dieses Reiches begann im 19. Jahrhundert mit dem sich ausbreitenden europäischen Kolonialismus. 1911 kam es im Zuge der Xinhai-Revolution zum Sturz des letzten Kaisers.

An der Schwelle zur Moderne
Mit der immer weiteren Ausdehnung der Zivilisation ging der Einfluss der nomadischen Lebensweise zurück und wurde zu einem historischen Anachronismus. Nach dem Untergang der chinesischen Mandschu-Dynastie begann 1911 die langwierige Bildung der modernen Mongolei, die Beseitigung des Feudalismus und der jahrhundertelangen Rückständigkeit.

Dabei löste sich die Äußere Mongolei gleichzeitig von China, da sich die aufständischen Khalka-Mongolen ohnehin nur der herrschenden Mandschu-Dynastie verpflichtet gefühlt hatten. In der Inneren Mongolei lagen die Dinge anders. Hier verfügten einflussreiche mongolische Adlige über Grundbesitz in China, speziell der Region von Peking, so dass die dortigen Unabhängigkeitsbestrebungen von Yuan Shikai blutig unterdrückt werden konnten. Und die Burjaten am Baikalsee gehörten längst zur russischen Einflusssphäre.

Die Khalka nominierten am 28. September 1911 den buddhistischen Lama Dschebtsandampa unter dem Titel Bogd Gegeen als neues Staatsoberhaupt. Er sollte mit einer kurzen Unterbrechung bis zu seinem Tod 1924 das nominelle Staatsoberhaupt bleiben, unter dem blutigen baltischen Abenteurer Roman von Ungern-Sternberg (hingerichtet 1921) und seinen Kosaken 1920/21 ebenso wie unter den Kommunisten Damdin Süchbaatars (1921–1923). Inzwischen arbeitete die internationale Diplomatie, 1912 kam es zu einem russisch-chinesischen Abkommen über die Mongolei.

Analog dazu setzten sich 1912 3000–5000 Mongolen mit 1000 russischen Gewehren nach Chowd (Kobdo) in Marsch. Die Chinesen mussten abziehen; nur 580 von dort ansässigen 5000 Chinesen überlebten die Kämpfe und die anschließende Flucht. Gleichzeitig mit ihnen gingen der Mongolei die Arbeiter in den Goldbergwerken verloren und die Bauern für Gemüse, Mehl und Getreide da die Mongolen nicht den Willen und die Fähigkeiten hatten, sie zu ersetzen. Allerdings wurden alle Schulden bei Chinesen annulliert, zuvor ein drückendes Problem der Mongolen.
Dieser Unabhängigkeitsprozess setzte sich nach einem von Baron Sternberg beendeten chinesischen Zwischenspiel (1918/19) unter kommunistischen Vorzeichen und dem Einfluss der Sowjetunion fort (1921–1924). Aufgrund der Unterstützung Sowjetrusslands für die Mongolische Revolutionäre Volksarmee konnte die Mongolei nach 1921 ihre Unabhängigkeit gegenüber dem ökonomisch und militärisch weit überlegenen China, aber auch im Zweiten Weltkrieg gegenüber Japan behaupten.

20./21. Jahrhundert

Der 13. Dalai Lama besuchte 1905 Yeke küriye khota, (Urga, heute Ulan Bator) entgegen dem Verbot der Qing-Regierung. Japan erhielt 1905 die Konzession zum Bau der südmandschurischen Eisenbahn, die 1909 Kalgan erreicht. Das Verbot für Han-Chinesen, in den Mongolengebieten zu siedeln, wurde 1906 aufgehoben, mongolisch-han-chinesische Heiraten werden legal. Russland und Japan schließen im Juli 1907 ein Geheimabkommen ab und grenzen ihre Interessensphären in der Mongolei ab. Mit dem Sturz der Mandschu-Dynastie im Jahre 1911 und der späteren Ausrufung der Chinesischen Republik trennt sich die Mongolei von China und erlangt seine Eigenstaatlichkeit. Starke Anlehnung an Russland (Schutzmacht gegen China). Am 30. Dezember 1911 der 8. Dschebtsundampa als Staatsoberhaupt der Autonomen (Äußeren) Mongolei, nimmt den Titel Boghdo Gegen Khan (Heiliger erleuchteter Herrscher) an. In China wurde im Februar 1912 die Republik ausgerufen, sie erhob formell Anspruch auf die mongolischen Gebiete, faktisch entsteht ein Machtvakuum. In St. Petersburg legen Russland und Japan am 8. Juli 1912 die Grenzen ihrer Interessenssphären in der Inneren Mongolei in einem Geheimvertrag am 116. Längengrad fest. Am 21. Oktober 1912 kommt es zum Russisch-Mongolisches Abkommen. Der Freundschafts- und Bündnisvertrag zwischen der Mongolei und Tibet wurde am 4. Februar 1913 unterzeichnet: Er beinhaltet die gegenseitige Unabhängigkeit und Anerkennung. Der Vertrag von Kjachta wird am 25. Mai 1915 unterzeichnet. Japan und China schließen 1915 den Vertrag über die Süd-Mandschurei und Ost-Mongolei ab. China nutzt die Schwäche Russlands und besetzt in den Jahren 1918 und 1919 die Mongolei. Der einstige zaristische Offizier Roman von Ungern-Sternberg vertreibt 1920/1921 die Han-Chinesen und wird seinerseits von den kommunistischen Revolutionären besiegt.

Die Äußere Mongolei erklärt am 10. Juli 1921 ihre Unabhängigkeit. Die Innere Mongolei bleibt Teil Chinas. Die Mongolei schließt im November 1921 mit Russland einen Freundschafts- und Beistandsvertrag. Am 26. November 1924 kommt es zu einer Proklamation der Mongolischen Volksrepublik. Das kommunistische Regime unter der Regierung der Mongolischen Revolutionären Volkspartei (MRVP) betreibt eine enge Anlehnungspolitik an die Sowjetunion.

Während der Stalinistischen Säuberungen 1937/38 wurden etwa 38.000 Mongolen ermordet, darunter fast die gesamte Intelligenz des Landes und ca. 18.000 buddhistische Mönche. Die buddhistischen Klöster der Mongolei mit ihren wertvollen Kulturgütern und Bibliotheken wurden fast alle unwiederbringlich zerstört.

Die traditionelle nomadische Viehwirtschaft wurde an den Rand gedrängt, was jedoch große wirtschaftliche Probleme verursachte. Seit 1945 gibt es einen starken Aufschwung der industriellen Produktion (Öl, Kohle, Wolle, Fleisch, Leder) sowie einen planmäßiger Anbau und Export von Getreide.

Die Republik China erkannte 1945 die Mongolische Volksrepublik an. Die zu China gehörende Innere Mongolei wurde 1947 ein Autonomes Gebiet. Seit 1950 gibt es eine Verbesserung der mongolisch-chinesischen Beziehungen. 1960 wurde eine neue Verfassung und Erhebung des Großen Hural (Staatsrat) zum obersten Staatsorgan aufgesetzt. Die Volksrepublik China stellte 1969 Gebietsforderungen an die Mongolei. Ab 1974 wurden diplomatischer Beziehungen zwischen der Mongolei und der Bundesrepublik Deutschland aufgenommen. Im Jahre 1980 traf man ein Abkommen mit der Sowjetunion über den gemeinsamen Grenzverlauf. 1987 wurden diplomatische Beziehungen zu den USA aufgenommen.

Nach massiven Demonstrationen für mehr Demokratie trat im März 1990 das Politbüro der kommunistischen MRVP zurück. Eine Verfassungsänderung ermöglicht die Gründung neuer Parteien. Damit endet die kommunistische Einparteienherrschaft in der Mongolei. Es folgen Wahlen (Juli), Aufhebung des Einparteiensystems, Demokratisierung und Wendung zur Marktwirtschaft. Der Buddhismus, der von den Kommunisten unterdrückt wurde, wurde 1991 wiederbelebt. Die letzten sowjetischen Truppen verließen 1992 die Mongolei. Im Februar 1992 wurde eine neue Verfassung verabschiedet und die Bezeichnung »Volksrepublik« verschwand. Die ersten Wahlen nach Inkrafttreten der republikanischen Verfassung am 28. Juni 1992 entschied die inzwischen demokratisierte MRVP für sich.

Nach einer verheerenden Dürre im Jahre 1999 und einem sehr strengen Winter erlebt die landwirtschaftliche Produktion einen katastrophalen Einbruch. In den Parlamentswahlen vom Juli 2000 gewinnt die seit 1996 oppositionelle ex-kommunistische MRVP 72 der 76 Sitze im »Großen Hural« (Parlament), wo sie zuvor mit nur 26 Sitzen vertreten war. Die Mongolei erhielt 2004 als erster Staat einen Beobachterstatus bei der Shanghaier Organisation für Zusammenarbeit (SCO). Zur Präsidentenwahl im Mai 2005 standen mit je zwei ehem. Regierungschefs und Industriellen sogar vier angesehene Persönlichkeiten zur Wahl. Hauptthemen des Wahlkampfs war die Marktwirtschaft und der Kampf gegen Arbeitslosigkeit und Korruption; letztere wurde allerdings beiden Politikern nachgesagt.

Im Juli 2008 kam es nach Parlamentswahlen in der Hauptstadt Ulan Bator zu Ausschreitungen mit Verletzten und Toten. Sie brachen aus, als die unterlegene Demokratische Partei die MRVP des Wahlbetruges bezichtigte. Internationale Beobachter hielten die Wahl jedoch für fair und korrekt.

Heute ist die mongolische Demokratie stabiler als in den anderen Staaten Zentralasiens. Der Übergang von Plan- zu Marktwirtschaft war von vielen Problemen begleitet, und auch heute lebt trotz zeitweise starken Wirtschaftswachstums etwa ein Drittel der Bevölkerung in Armut.

Siehe auch
 Die geheime Geschichte der Mongolen

Weblinks

 Paul D. Buell: Age of the Mongolian Empire: A bibliographical essay.

Einzelnachweise


A key function of geographic business analysis involves determining the optimum site location for retail outlets, manufacturing plants, distribution centers, and administrative offices.
Business analysis can also be used to find the location of competitors, suppliers, and current and potential customers.
Geographic business analysis can also be used with demographics such as household income, age-based population breakdown, and home and car ownership combined with census tract or zip code spending patterns to target geographic product preferences and marketing campaign strategies.
When combined with geocoding, spending patterns can be used to prepare address lists for mailing and advertising campaigns.


text:
'We can eventually reach a space where we have gender neutral awards!': Bhumi Pednekar
[ad_1] Bhumi Pednekar is the first leading actress in India to envision award ceremonies to be gender-neutral in the near future. Her reasoning is based on...
William Shatner's Blue Origin spaceflight
[ad_1] William Shatner is set to become the oldest person ever to reach the edge of space on Wednesday, when the 90-year-old "Star Trek" star will climb aboard...
Ruthie Tompson, trailblazing Disney animator, dead at 111
[ad_1] Disney and fans have bid farewell to pioneering female animator Ruthie Tompson, who died Sunday at 111. As an illustrator and storyboard planner at...
Tyga Arrested for Felony Domestic Violence After Turning Himself in to LAPD
[ad_1] Street Style : Day Seven – Paris Fashion Week – Womenswear Spring Summer 2022 – Credit: Christian Vierig/Getty Images Tyga voluntarily...
Spanish Archbishop apologizes over raunchy video uproar
[ad_1] Forgive me, Father! A Spanish archbishop has apologized for letting a rapper record a raunchy music video inside a 13th century cathedral. The steamy...
JoJo embraces her cellulite in white leotard and fishnet tights: 'I'm a human being'
[ad_1] JoJo is keeping it real about self-love. On Monday, the 30-year-old singer shared to Instagram several photos of herself rocking fishnet stockings and a...
Emani 22 dead at 22, honored by rapper Bhad Bhabie and fans
[ad_1] R&B singer Emani 22 was honored on social media after she reportedly died at age 22 in Los Angeles, though her passing has not been verified. While...
Florida's 'Peppa Pig' theme park has an opening date
[ad_1] Starting in February 2022, Peppa Pig fans will be able to get up close and personal with characters from their favorite cartoon at a new theme park...
Gabby Petito special with John Walsh aims to 'help find Brian Laundrie'
[ad_1] ID has announced a special airing Wednesday night covering the ongoing Gabby Petito case. Called "Gabby Petito: ID Special Report," it will air at 9 p...
Hrithik Roshan once again encourages talent, viral singer thanks him for the courage!
[ad_1] Hrithik Roshan has always been one to support and encourage fresh and undiscovered talent and he has once again done the same. When a video of a young...
Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 … 136 Next


text:
Q: Aligning multiple div's with "align-items" I was looking for a way to align content within a div with given height and width, some sites suggested flex with "align-items". It works perfectly when all contents have the same hight, but they don't have.
Here is a demo, just hover over the "Player 3 some more info" box and you will see it is pushed down a little.
Can someone tell me how to fix that so it remains in its row and is still centered?
Html:

Datum

Player 1

Player 2

Player 3
some more info

Player 4

Player 5

Player 6

And the css:
.row{
    overflow: hidden;
    white-space: nowrap;
}
.small{
    height: 80px;
}
.big{
    height: 200px;
}
.td_wrapper{
    display:            inline-flex;
    justify-content:    center; /* x align */
    align-items:        center; /* y align */
    height: 100%;
    width: 100%;
}
.td{
    display: inline-block;
    width:              200px;
    height:             100%;
}

Thanks for any help !

A: As far as centering inside the td items goes, everything you're doing looks great! You just need to style the td items themselves a little more. In this case vertical-align actually solves the problem.
.td {
    display: inline-block;
    width: 200px;
    height: 100%;
    vertical-align: top; /* This is the only change you need! */
}