text:
Individual Giving, Inequality
Philanthropic Equity: Promising Early Returns
Craig C. Reigel
We have just come through a wrenching economic downturn. Those on Wall Street seem to have largely recovered. Many on Main Street seem to be on their way. Some, however, are still in dire straits. Among the most dramatically hit are young urban adults emerging from economically challenged households without the advantage of a college education. While the headline rate of unemployment has fallen from its October 2009 peak, for young adults between the ages of sixteen and nineteen unemployment has remained around 25 percent throughout the alleged recovery.1 For young adults in inner cities, particularly individuals of color, the story is worse. In fact, their chances of finding durable, skills-based employment are below their chances of being incarcerated.
In 2000, an organization was founded in Boston to address this very issue. Year Up is a one-year intensive training program that provides urban youth with professional skills, college credits, and corporate internships. Year Up has proven to be an effective program, and the formerly Boston-focused operation that once served a couple of hundred local kids a year now serves nine communities. It is growing rapidly and with fidelity, and employs a model that sustainably funds operations without dependency on major grant funding. This year, more than 1,300 students will participate in this program. If past performance is indicative, nearly 1,100 of them will likely wind up either with permanent, full-time technical jobs or enrolled in college. How Year Up grew from a local program for at-risk Bostonians to a national solution to a chronic problem is, at least in part, a story of Philanthropic Equity.
What Is Philanthropic Equity, and Why Does It Matter?
Philanthropic Equity is an emerging practice whereby a nonprofit raises grant money to play the role that equity financing would normally play in a for-profit organization. Philanthropic Equity acts as an early-stage investment in an organization, paying the bills while waiting for the business model to kick in.
Unlike for-profit equity investors, Philanthropic Equity investors seek social rather than financial returns, and grants are invested to provide a one-time infusion of capital. And investors have the expectation that the recipient will use that capital to further its business model (rather than to serve its constituents).
How does Philanthropic Equity differ from any other grant? For virtually any nonprofit, there is a revenue "bar"—the amount of money the organization needs to bring in to pay for operations. Philanthropic Equity doesn't help an organization hit that bar. Instead, it raises the bar.
Ordinary revenue, as associated with an organization's business model, is money received to deliver the service (or product) a nonprofit provides. It represents a payment to the organization by someone who cares, and can take many forms—a pledge to a local public radio station, federal funds for neighborhood stabilization, a foundation grant to provide services to homeless families, proceeds from the sale of Girl Scout cookies—but in all cases it represents the funding integral to the business model of the nonprofit. These types of ordinary revenue are also known as "buy money," in that they "buy" the programs and services that nonprofits deliver to the clients they serve. Sustainability is having sufficient buy money to cover the full costs of doing business on an ongoing basis.2 The amount of buy money an organization needs each year sets the bar. Every dollar it raises or earns helps to meet that bar. The height of the bar is the full cost of conducting the business for the year.
For Year Up, this buy money comprises government funding for jobs programs, locally raised contributions, and funds from the businesses that employ the interns that come out of the program. This business model can pay for a program on a local scale, but just barely. And these types of revenues can never be sufficient to expand the program into new cities, pay for start-up costs, or create the sort of infrastructure required to manage a national operation. This is where Philanthropic Equity comes in.
Philanthropic Equity is expressly not buy money. It is part of a second category of money that can be characterized as "build money." Build money builds the enterprise from which buyers buy services. By raising build money, a nonprofit creates the expectation that it will build, which almost always requires increasing the amount of buy money it generates each year. Build money raises the revenue bar.3
Raising the Revenue Bar
So why would a nonprofit manager want to raise this "bar-raising" money? Often, the scale of a nonprofit is not up to the scale of the problem it seeks to address;? sometimes an organization's business model only works when it reaches a certain scope or scale;? sometimes a new business model would be more appropriate, and the transition cannot be funded by the proceeds of the existing model;? and sometimes it is simply hubris. But whatever the case may be, there are certain freedoms that come with raising both the bar and the money to help reach it. And Philanthropic Equity, in particular, plays an important role in circumstances where other forms of build money cannot deliver the desired transformation. For instance:
Long-term investments: Nonprofit organizations are often reticent to make long-term investments in their capacity. Oft-deferred investments include such things as developing a modern, integrated IT system, hiring a CFO appropriate to oversee the organization they seek to be, hiring fundraisers not likely to pay dividends for a year or two, or developing a modern, sophisticated brand. Each of these requires that the organization's leaders have confidence in the financial strength to pay for them over time. By pre-raising the capital for transformation (Philanthropic Equity), such investments can be undertaken with confidence.
Trial and error: Edison tried over 1,000 ways to make a light bulb. Had he been funded $2,000 by a foundation to make 1,000 light bulbs ($2 foundation dollars per bulb), he would have made 1,000 quick-to-burn-out bulbs with the available technology. By exhaustive experimentation, however, he discovered a combination of filament and design that changed the world. Whether trying to invent a new service model or exploring new business models, we would be well served if nonprofits were able to experiment more. Most grants are so restrictive that they leave little or no room to experiment.
Focus on execution: Building businesses is hard. When executive directors are required to continually fundraise to close the year's budget (or worse, meet the month's payroll), they are unable to focus on the critical challenges of building and running the operations. Abraham Lincoln said that if given six hours to chop down a tree, he'd spend the first four sharpening his axe. Nobody would spend the first four hours raising money to buy a dull axe, but that is exactly what many social entrepreneurs do. Philanthropic Equity allows them to both sharpen their organizational axes and get to work chopping.
Simplifying funder relations: By aligning a group of funders' support with a common plan, shared expectations, consolidated financial output, and outcome reporting, the time and expense of interacting with those funders is greatly reduced.
In the case of our exemplar, Year Up, build money was needed to pay the one-time expansion costs, fund the first few years of each new region's operations until they reached sustainable scale, and invest in the talent and systems required to run a national operation. The hope was that after expansion, the regional sites would be self-sufficient and provide a small amount of money to fund ongoing support from the home office. They are unlikely ever to be sufficiently prosperous to repay the start-up funding, and requiring them to do so would both cast an unhelpful burden on them and create a story not conducive to their ongoing fundraising needs. For these reasons, Year Up raised $19.3 million in Philanthropic Equity to fund their expansion costs.
Does Philanthropic Equity Work?
The appeal of Philanthropic Equity notwithstanding, we should ask whether it works. Does raising and deploying large amounts of growth capital in this manner transform organizations into more effective service deliverers? While early evidence suggests that it does, like so many questions concerning philanthropic efficacy this is hard to answer with certainty.
For most grants, an organization is expected to deliver a specific set of services, or spend money in a particular way, or invest in building very specific capacity. Answering the question of whether an organization has done so is fairly straightforward. Having concrete objectives and completing those objectives during the term of the grant make for generally measurable results. In the case of Philanthropic Equity, however, the funds are substantially unrestricted, and the desired result is a sustainable organization supported by other revenue over long periods of time, making results rather harder to measure.4
Nonprofit Finance Fund (NFF) Capital Partners has been working since 2006 with a small number of organizations to raise and deploy formal Philanthropic Equity, and they have tracked their results (see table, above). While these organizations do not represent the entire universe of Philanthropic Equity, they are probably the most clearly defined group using the methodology. In our last annual survey of their results, we found remarkable outcomes since the application of Philanthropic Equity:5
57 percent average annual growth of each organization's primary program delivery metric;
36 percent average annual growth of business-model revenue (which excludes Philanthropic Equity);
100 percent of participating organizations expansion of both service and business model revenue.
These results are even more remarkable when seen in the context of the broader environment. The time frame of the analysis (2006–2009) spans the most dramatic economic downturn in our careers. During this period, 30 percent of all nonprofits reported declining revenue, and 98 percent reported growth below their mean.6 Also worth noting is that these are early days—none of the nine organizations in our cohort has completed its growth plan or depleted its growth capital.
Will they all reach sustainability and deliver on the promise? Probably not. But no venture capitalist would expect all investments to pan out as planned—in fact, only a small minority typically do. Philanthropic Equity is about making sizable bets on plans and teams whose success is uncertain. As it turns out, better than half of this cohort are tracking very well against their respective plans, with six of the nine having a higher level of sustainability than at the beginning of the period; the other three had a drop in their sustainability. As most of the nine had planned for an interim dip, however, even for those three this may not necessarily be a sign of weakness.
Anecdotally, other Philanthropic Equity investments seem to be delivering similarly well. Citizen Schools (see below) is one of three organizations in a cohort that the Edna McConnell Clark Foundation (EMCF) calls the Growth Capital Aggregation Pilot. While these three organizations' funding relationships, terms, and grant structures are distinct, their investments bear hallmarks of Philanthropic Equity. As with the NFF group, these organizations are, according to their recent reporting, transforming themselves to great effect.7 The other notable success story is the $60 million of early-expansion capital Wendy Kopp raised for Teach For America. There are likely other examples, both of success and failure, of which we are not yet aware.
So, if Philanthropic Equity is so promising, why isn't it being adopted everywhere? There are four primary challenges to building support for Philanthropic Equity among grantmakers:
Orthogonal strategic and tactical demands. Giving away money turns out to be complicated. Most grantmakers are extraordinarily attentive to a handful of dimensions of their grantmaking and have thus far shown little appetite for adding yet another. They each focus on a subset of an organization's theory of change, its size or stage of growth, its geographic footprint, participation in various groups, etc. Then, they layer on their internal considerations (timing, payout, precedent setting, etc.). Thinking through the question of which grants are about buying and which are about building seldom trumps (or rises to the level of) these other issues as a priority for program officers, foundation presidents, or their boards. And so it will remain until the transformative potential of Philanthropic Equity investments ignites grantmakers' imaginations as a tool for closing the gap between "What are we trying to do with our grants?" and "What are we trying to accomplish in our community?"
Comfort with the norm. Ingrained habits are persistent. Grantmakers and grantees have developed a sort of muscle memory around their cycles of giving and asking. In the high-stakes realm of a primary funder relationship, grantees are reticent to upset the applecart. Grantees have learned to speak the language their program officers want to hear about the transformative impact of their grants. It is an effective fundraising approach to cast an organization's program as a critical cog in the strategy of each funder, encouraging funders to think of the organization as an extension of their strategy. Philanthropic Equity turns the tables, putting the operating nonprofit in the center of the solution and asking funders to align in support of a single strategy. One can readily imagine how reticent an executive director might be to ask a large potential funder to come along on this shift; it is far easier to dance the dance that has worked in the past.
Aversion to collaboration. Collaboration is hard. Effective Philanthropic Equity requires investments on a scale individual funders are seldom equipped (or willing) to provide. Most foundations are unaccustomed to relying on other funders' participation for achieving success.
George Overholser of Third Sector Capital Partners describes what is required to solve these second and third challenges as a "Copernican shift," whereby funders cease to be the center of the system, instead coalescing around a well-anchored program. The consequences for the grantor–grantee relationship are challenging enough; the perhaps less-obvious consequence is that among funders. This shift becomes powerful only when multiple funders align their support toward common ends. This sort of collaboration is yet another challenge for the adoption of Philanthropic Equity. At the very least, the collaboration can be uncomfortable—going through the process of discovering with whom to collaborate, assessing the collective needs and objectives, and reconciling the various timelines is a potential nightmare. With so many other pressures, the payoff would need to be both obvious and substantial.
Inappropriate accountability tools. Accountability conventions run contrary to Philanthropic Equity. The current standard of funder accountability requires regular reporting of the outputs of individual grants, with ongoing support contingent upon those results. Philanthropic Equity requires a commitment in anticipation of results over much longer time horizons, and with much different measurability. Foundation professionals are under considerable pressure to ensure their grants' effectiveness. In attempting to do so, conventions for grant accountability have arisen, including highly restrictive grant conditions, performance-tracking regimes (often wishfully described as outcome tracking), and processes for making further support dependent upon initial results. While any of these conditions might be well intended, they are incompatible with the notion of providing a team and a plan with flexible, committed resources required to foster success. In the for-profit analog, equity funds are provided irrevocably for "general corporate purposes" and in very large rounds of financing. Venture capitalists know they cannot hedge their risks by overly constraining or managing investments once they have decided in whom to invest. Foundations frequently attempt to do just that.
The Future of Philanthropic Equity
What would it take to overcome these challenges and for Philanthropic Equity to really take off? The short answer is, we don't know. In 2006, as we were laying out the objectives for NFF Capital Partners, we set a goal of witnessing $300 million in Philanthropic Equity investments. We thought such a volume would create an array of success stories that would induce the field to take off with a life of its own. At the time of this article, we have seen more than $340 million, and yet no unstoppable movement is in sight.
Along the way we have also learned a fair bit about how hard all of this is. For all participants, Philanthropic Equity is a high-stakes endeavor. Even now, after several hundred investments have been made in a dozen and a half deals, each feels like a one-off experiment. The vast majority of funders require specific support to participate. Terms are becoming more standard for the deals NFF supports, but still require tailoring to each situation. Measurement and comparison are complicated and challenging.
Perhaps most surprising, only a very few funders have become actively engaged in working out the process challenges of Philanthropic Equity investments. Similarly, with the exception of the EMCF-led Growth Capital Aggregation Pilot, investments have been coordinated by the recipients rather than by a syndicate-leading foundation. Widespread adoption will require that a collection of funders periodically play leading roles, and that more formal syndicates become the norm.
To the extent that a consensus is building around Philanthropic Equity practices, those practices reside with only a small cadre of practitioners. Perhaps the best potential for easing the process and standardizing the practice lies with the adoption of appropriate reporting standards. Today, GAAP accounting standards for nonprofit organizations do not provide for measurement of equity investments. Tools have been created to work around those constraints, and they are successful. They are not, however, uniform. For real transparency and comparison between applications, common standards are required. These should not be expected to emerge organically; regulatory support is required. Imagine how much less resistant foundations and the nonprofits they support would be were they able to rely on standards from FASB and guidance from the IRS about how to handle such investments.
What would a vigorous market in Philanthropic Equity look like? Would all grants become build-money investments? Absolutely not. In all of the examples we've seen, the total need for equity investments is small relative to the ongoing buy money each organization needs. Given the desire for organizations to be sustainable after the investments are consumed, it could hardly be otherwise. Further, many nonprofits do not have significant need for equity investments—either they are not seeking significant transformation, or the economics of their plans do not require significant capital beyond their own means. Of those that do, a significant portion have economics so predictable and strong that debt is an easier path to funding. If only 1 percent of the funds currently flowing to U.S. nonprofit organizations were in the form of Philanthropic Equity, it would be sufficient to radically alter the growth trajectories of many of the highest-potential organizations in the social sector.
What impact might that change have? Asking that now is perhaps akin to asking Wilbur Wright what impact the now ubiquitous jet-powered flight might have. He couldn't possibly have known, but it's fairly certain he thought it was worth finding out.
As for Year Up—having used up most of their $19.3 million in Philanthropic Equity, they now have active programs in nine cities. Sustainability on business-model revenue is near, although the economic environment has been less than helpful. Demand for the program is stronger than ever. Did Philanthropic Equity help? At the time of this article, Year Up was well under way, with a $55 million campaign to fund further expansion and program improvement. Among the anticipated funders are several participants from the first campaign. Having both Year Up and their equity funders choose to double down is about the strongest endorsement I can imagine.
1. Bureau of Labor Statistics (www.bls.gov), September 2, 2011.
2. Note that buy money includes both earned and contributed revenue. The distinction between the two, while important to accountants, is unimportant to our characterization of buy money, or its counterpart, build money.
3. Other types of build money include more conventional forms that anticipate repayment of the funds somewhere down the road. These are financial-return-seeking investments. Debt is in this category, as are recoverable grants—esoteric instruments intended to behave like for-profit equity, deferred compensation of staff, and, in some dire circumstances, receivables factoring.
4. Among the prerequisites for the propagation of Philanthropic Equity is the practice of systematically measuring results. NFF conducted a study monitoring the progress of its clients adopting formal Philanthropic Equity treatment (called the SEGUE methodology). The study does not purport to provide a comprehensive view of all Philanthropic Equity currently deployed in the field. Such a comprehensive view would require both widely accepted standards and an impartial third party to monitor progress. At this point, both accepted standards and an impartial monitor enjoy a high ratio of talk to action.
5. NFF Capital Partners 2010 Portfolio Performance Report (http://nonprofitfinancefund.org/capital-services/portfolio-performance-report) reports on the progress of nine Philanthropic Equity users for whom multiyear data are available. Results represent the mean of data collected from these organizations.
6. Based on an NFF analysis of GuideStar 990 data.
7. The Edna McConnell Clark Foundation, "Growth Capital Aggregation Pilot," http://www.emcf.org/how-we-work/growth-capital-aggregation-pilot/
Craig C. Reigel is the managing director of Nonprofit Finance Fund (NFF) Capital Partners.
VolunteerMatch.org: The Promise of Compelling Social Returns
VolunteerMatch (VM), an early adopter of Philanthropic Equity, operates an eBay-style online database of volunteer opportunities. Individuals log on and search for meaningful ways to pitch in, looking in their communities, in their field of interest, or for ways to use specific skills they possess. Like all marketplaces, the value increases as the number of participants on both sides grows.
VM is also a social enterprise, supporting itself with a combination of fees from corporate participants seeking access to the volunteer opportunities, fees from nonprofits seeking add-on tools for managing volunteering, individual and corporate contributions, and programmatic grants supporting specific aspects of their work. In 2007, these revenue streams collectively funded 58 percent of VM's expenses.
In 2007 VM began a $10 million campaign to fund the expansion and improvement of its volunteer database and associated services. VM's plan sought to both improve the general user's experience and provide tools required to increase the participation by fees-paying corporate and nonprofit customers. The promise was that by the end of investing the campaign proceeds, the business-model revenues would support 100 percent of the enterprise. In March 2011, VM reported that business-model revenues covered 99 percent of expenses in the prior quarter, and the organization continues its path toward sustainability.
How has the investment done? Like all social investments, that is in the eye of the investor. What is clear is that VM is becoming an enduring institution. VM reports that in 2009 over $472 million worth of volunteer services were arranged via VM's service—$178 million more than before the campaign launched. Any way you choose to calculate SROI, that's impressive.
Citizen Schools: Syndication in Action
Citizen Schools has long been a grantee of the Edna McConnell Clark Foundation. In 2007, EMCF organized a coalition of funders including ArcLight Capital, The Atlantic Philanthropies, Bank of America Charitable Foundation, Josh & Anita Bekenstein, John S. and James L Knight Foundation, Koogle Foundation, The Lovett-Woodsum Foundation, The Picower Foundation, Samberg Family Foundation, Skoll Foundation, and the Citizen Schools Board of Directors to collectively fund Citizen Schools' $30 million growth plan. This program is one of three such collaborations EMCF calls the Growth Capital Aggregation Pilot (GCAP).
Defining characteristics of the GCAP are: (1) upfront, unrestricted funding;?(2) support for a business plan designed to provide sustainability after the end of the grants;?(3) common terms and conditions;?(4) shared approach to performance measurement;?and (5) transparency and shared learning.
Why the grand coalition? As EMCF reports, "Successful grantees require more support than EMCF alone could provide if they were to solve at sufficient scale some of the nation's most intractable social problems." By 2012, Citizen Schools plans to annually serve over 6,700 middle-school students from low-income communities, bringing volunteers' real-world experiences into their classroom.


text:
package com.sonnytron.sortatech.pantryprep.Models.Recipes;

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Home > Orson Welles the accidental radical?
In this video Orson Welles makes a proposal for an organisation. The video is worth watching from about 1.30. The description of the organisation starts at 4.28 if you are particularly time-poor today.
While hedging about his proposal with all kinds of caveats to show that what he is suggesting is not based on radical ideas (including stating he is not an anarchist – remember kids, Orson Welles, not an anarchist so safe to watch), I think he hit on a more radical organisational form than he understood: a transnational membership organisation for the protection of its own members against the state.
I think there have been very few organisations that function anything like this (unions are the closest but are rarely genuinely transnational, more's the pity) and none that I know of directly against state actions. Perhaps people didn't care enough about the idea to implement it, but I also think it would have been technically difficult back then. Unlike in Welles' day we now have a cheap technology that would allow us to publicise and democratically organise such an organisation.
I think you'll find Orson Welles was more 'radical' than you think, or perhaps you are yourself. The hedging was probably a factor of a) the time and b) the fact most people don't want to be seen as radical so if you want them to take up yur idea don't say it is.
But the main problem with opposing the 'bureaucracy' is most people are libertarian or 'anarchist' until someone enters 'their' country 'uninvited' or their child is abused, at which point they ask why more checks weren't done, in the same way most people are socialists until they earn some money.
Hmmm, it wasn't really a post about bureaucracy – the particular campaign isn't the point to me.
I don't think that most people are either for or against 'bureaucracy', that most poeople are libertarian/anarchists, before or after invasions, or that most people are 'socialists', before or after they earn money.
I don't know what data you have to make those assertion Dan. They sound like baseless generalisations. It is problematic to ask "Is someone or something radical/ anarchist/ libertarian?" when sociological/ political terms lack the rigourous definition of scientific terminology. So first you must decide what you mean by radical and then you are setting up a question based on you're own preconceived bias of what is or isn't radical (i.e. relative to your own position). I'm not sure that that is useful particularly when talking about organisms that are only weakly cohesive entities at best and certainly inconconsistent in their actions and motivations over a range of subjects and within the same subject over time.
I think (based on knowing the person who set up this site) that it was intended (as is this website) to be a more open-ended question to stimulate an open discussion of the sort we have previously engaged in in email networks. Less dense that a blog as it were.
As to the video, I think OW's point that striving to maintain the burden of proof on the lawmaker/ enforcer to demonstrate guilt over the individual to demonstrate innocence is an important one and a balance that has been significantly eroded in the time since this film was made. As is the concept of data protection, not only from individuals who wish to act fraudulently outside of the law but also from those who determine what law is.
The post has to be about bureaucracy as that's his motivation. And the thing about bureaucracy is people don't want it for themselves, but they do for others.
The data I have on which I base such an assertion is my own experience and what I know of people, which includes reading books by people who have done science on it, and many books and films written by people who know people. Of course I may be wrong!
But that doesn't mean I think we couldn't have a radically different society, because individually and collectively we do change and adapt. What it does mean is that we have to think carefully about what we need to do to bring about a 'better' one.
So it is useful – in the absence of a method of collecting perfect data, which would be infinite – to make suppositions, not assumptions, about people in the collective sense, using the data you do have at your disposal. The problems begin when you give up the scientific method, ie refuse to change your beliefs in the face of compelling evidence, when they become tenets of a faith.
I'll give you that radical is a relative term, and in more than one way. My comments there were motivated by my interpretation of the poster as implying that Welles believed being radical was undesirable, and that he wasn't intelligent enough to recognise the import of his words. I believe he was a very smart man who effected radical change in the way we see the world by using mass media because he recognised its – yes, I am going to use that word – revolutionary potential.
Anarchist and libertarian, however, whilst somewhat wooly in the way you say, are quite well received terms which even include subsects, so I think you can make a judgement as to whether or not someone meets the definition, whilst remembering that all definitions are only of something at that particular moment in time, ie changeable.
@Dan I think that the post is about the nature of the organisation that Welles' proposes and not about bureaucracy.
I think it is quite possible to think of an organisation that functioned this way that was not targeted at avoiding bureaucracy. For example, perhaps the organisation could be targeted at resisting bank charges for going overdrawn, or at resisting rent increases and evictions… or many other things I could list if necessary.
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text:
package com.jetbrains.python.codeInsight.override;

import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import com.intellij.codeInsight.CodeInsightUtilCore;
import com.intellij.featureStatistics.FeatureUsageTracker;
import com.intellij.featureStatistics.ProductivityFeatureNames;
import com.intellij.ide.util.MemberChooser;
import com.intellij.openapi.application.ApplicationManager;
import com.intellij.openapi.application.Result;
import com.intellij.openapi.command.WriteCommandAction;
import com.intellij.openapi.diagnostic.Logger;
import com.intellij.openapi.editor.Editor;
import com.intellij.openapi.editor.ScrollType;
import com.intellij.openapi.project.Project;
import com.intellij.openapi.ui.DialogWrapper;
import com.intellij.openapi.util.TextRange;
import com.intellij.openapi.util.text.StringUtil;
import com.intellij.psi.PsiDocumentManager;
import com.intellij.psi.PsiElement;
import com.intellij.psi.PsiFile;
import com.intellij.psi.PsiWhiteSpace;
import com.intellij.psi.util.PsiTreeUtil;
import com.intellij.ui.SpeedSearchComparator;
import com.jetbrains.python.PyNames;
import com.jetbrains.python.psi.*;
import com.jetbrains.python.psi.impl.PyFunctionBuilder;
import com.jetbrains.python.psi.impl.PyPsiUtils;
import com.jetbrains.python.psi.types.PyNoneType;
import com.jetbrains.python.psi.types.TypeEvalContext;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * @author Alexey.Ivanov
 */
public class PyOverrideImplementUtil {
  private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getInstance("#com.jetbrains.python.codeInsight.override.PyOverrideImplementUtil");

  private PyOverrideImplementUtil() {
  }

  @Nullable
  public static PyClass getContextClass(@NotNull final Project project, @NotNull final Editor editor, @NotNull final PsiFile file) {
    PsiDocumentManager.getInstance(project).commitAllDocuments();

    int offset = editor.getCaretModel().getOffset();
    PsiElement element = file.findElementAt(offset);
    if (element == null) {
      // are we in whitespace after last class? PY-440
      final PsiElement lastChild = file.getLastChild();
      if (lastChild != null &&
          offset >= lastChild.getTextRange().getStartOffset() &&
          offset <= lastChild.getTextRange().getEndOffset()) {
        element = lastChild;
      }
    }
    final PyClass pyClass = PsiTreeUtil.getParentOfType(element, PyClass.class, false);
    if (pyClass == null && element instanceof PsiWhiteSpace && element.getPrevSibling() instanceof PyClass) {
      return (PyClass) element.getPrevSibling();
    }
    return pyClass;
  }

  public static void chooseAndOverrideMethods(final Project project, @NotNull final Editor editor, @NotNull final PyClass pyClass) {
    FeatureUsageTracker.getInstance().triggerFeatureUsed(ProductivityFeatureNames.CODEASSISTS_OVERRIDE_IMPLEMENT);
    chooseAndOverrideOrImplementMethods(project, editor, pyClass);
  }

  private static void chooseAndOverrideOrImplementMethods(final Project project,
                                                         @NotNull final Editor editor,
                                                         @NotNull final PyClass pyClass) {
    LOG.assertTrue(pyClass.isValid());
    ApplicationManager.getApplication().assertReadAccessAllowed();

    final Collection<PyFunction> superFunctions = getAllSuperFunctions(pyClass);
    chooseAndOverrideOrImplementMethods(project, editor, pyClass, superFunctions, "Select Methods to Override", false);
  }

  public static void chooseAndOverrideOrImplementMethods(@NotNull final Project project,
                                                         @NotNull final Editor editor,
                                                         @NotNull final PyClass pyClass,
                                                         @NotNull final Collection<PyFunction> superFunctions,
                                                         @NotNull final String title, final boolean implement) {
    List<PyMethodMember> elements = new ArrayList<PyMethodMember>();
    for (PyFunction function : superFunctions) {
      final String name = function.getName();
      if (name == null || PyUtil.isClassPrivateName(name)) {
        continue;
      }
      if (pyClass.findMethodByName(name, false) == null) {
        final PyMethodMember member = new PyMethodMember(function);
        elements.add(member);
      }
    }
    if (elements.size() == 0) {
      return;
    }

    final MemberChooser<PyMethodMember> chooser =
      new MemberChooser<PyMethodMember>(elements.toArray(new PyMethodMember[elements.size()]), false, true, project) {
        @Override
        protected SpeedSearchComparator getSpeedSearchComparator() {
          return new SpeedSearchComparator(false) {
            @Nullable
            @Override
            public Iterable<TextRange> matchingFragments(@NotNull String pattern, @NotNull String text) {
              return super.matchingFragments(PyMethodMember.trimUnderscores(pattern), text);
            }
          };
        }
      };
    chooser.setTitle(title);
    chooser.setCopyJavadocVisible(false);
    chooser.show();
    if (chooser.getExitCode() != DialogWrapper.OK_EXIT_CODE) {
      return;
    }
    List<PyMethodMember> membersToOverride = chooser.getSelectedElements();
    overrideMethods(editor, pyClass, membersToOverride, implement);
  }

  public static void overrideMethods(final Editor editor, final PyClass pyClass, final List<PyMethodMember> membersToOverride,
                                     final boolean implement) {
    if (membersToOverride == null) {
      return;
    }
    new WriteCommandAction(pyClass.getProject(), pyClass.getContainingFile()) {
      protected void run(@NotNull final Result result) throws Throwable {
        write(pyClass, membersToOverride, editor, implement);
      }
    }.execute();
  }

  private static void write(@NotNull final PyClass pyClass,
                            @NotNull final List<PyMethodMember> newMembers,
                            @NotNull final Editor editor, boolean implement) {
    final PyStatementList statementList = pyClass.getStatementList();
    final int offset = editor.getCaretModel().getOffset();
    PsiElement anchor = null;
    for (PyStatement statement: statementList.getStatements()) {
      if (statement.getTextRange().getStartOffset() < offset ||
          (statement instanceof PyExpressionStatement && ((PyExpressionStatement)statement).getExpression() instanceof PyStringLiteralExpression)) {
        anchor = statement;
      }
    }

    PyFunction element = null;
    for (PyMethodMember newMember : newMembers) {
      PyFunction baseFunction = (PyFunction) newMember.getPsiElement();
      final PyFunctionBuilder builder = buildOverriddenFunction(pyClass, baseFunction, implement);
      PyFunction function = builder.addFunctionAfter(statementList, anchor, LanguageLevel.forElement(statementList));
      element = CodeInsightUtilCore.forcePsiPostprocessAndRestoreElement(function);
    }

    PyPsiUtils.removeRedundantPass(statementList);
    if (element != null) {
      final PyStatementList targetStatementList = element.getStatementList();
      final int start = targetStatementList.getTextRange().getStartOffset();
      editor.getCaretModel().moveToOffset(start);
      editor.getScrollingModel().scrollToCaret(ScrollType.RELATIVE);
      editor.getSelectionModel().setSelection(start, element.getTextRange().getEndOffset());
    }
  }

  private static PyFunctionBuilder buildOverriddenFunction(PyClass pyClass, PyFunction baseFunction, boolean implement) {
    final boolean overridingNew = PyNames.NEW.equals(baseFunction.getName());
    PyFunctionBuilder pyFunctionBuilder = new PyFunctionBuilder(baseFunction.getName());
    final PyDecoratorList decorators = baseFunction.getDecoratorList();
    boolean baseMethodIsStatic = false;
    if (decorators != null) {
      if (decorators.findDecorator(PyNames.CLASSMETHOD) != null) {
        pyFunctionBuilder.decorate(PyNames.CLASSMETHOD);
      }
      else if (decorators.findDecorator(PyNames.STATICMETHOD) != null) {
        baseMethodIsStatic = true;
        pyFunctionBuilder.decorate(PyNames.STATICMETHOD);
      }
    }
    PyAnnotation anno = baseFunction.getAnnotation();
    if (anno != null) {
      pyFunctionBuilder.annotation(anno.getText());
    }
    final TypeEvalContext context = TypeEvalContext.userInitiated(baseFunction.getProject(), baseFunction.getContainingFile());
    final List<PyParameter> baseParams = PyUtil.getParameters(baseFunction, context);
    for (PyParameter parameter : baseParams) {
      pyFunctionBuilder.parameter(parameter.getText());
    }

    PyClass baseClass = baseFunction.getContainingClass();
    assert baseClass != null;
    StringBuilder statementBody = new StringBuilder();

    boolean hadStar = false;
    List<String> parameters = new ArrayList<String>();
    for (PyParameter parameter: baseParams) {
      final PyNamedParameter pyNamedParameter = parameter.getAsNamed();
      if (pyNamedParameter != null) {
        String repr = pyNamedParameter.getRepr(false);
        parameters.add(hadStar && !pyNamedParameter.isKeywordContainer() ? pyNamedParameter.getName() + "=" + repr : repr);
        if (pyNamedParameter.isPositionalContainer()) {
          hadStar = true;
        }
      }
      else if (parameter instanceof PySingleStarParameter) {
        hadStar = true;
      }
      else {
        parameters.add(parameter.getText());
      }
    }

    if (PyNames.FAKE_OLD_BASE.equals(baseClass.getName()) || raisesNotImplementedError(baseFunction) || implement) {
      statementBody.append(PyNames.PASS);
    }
    else {
      if (!PyNames.INIT.equals(baseFunction.getName()) && context.getReturnType(baseFunction) != PyNoneType.INSTANCE || overridingNew) {
        statementBody.append("return ");
      }
      if (baseClass.isNewStyleClass(null)) {
        statementBody.append(PyNames.SUPER);
        statementBody.append("(");
        final LanguageLevel langLevel = ((PyFile)pyClass.getContainingFile()).getLanguageLevel();
        if (!langLevel.isPy3K()) {
          final String baseFirstName = !baseParams.isEmpty() ? baseParams.get(0).getName() : null;
          final String firstName = baseFirstName != null ? baseFirstName : PyNames.CANONICAL_SELF;
          PsiElement outerClass = PsiTreeUtil.getParentOfType(pyClass, PyClass.class, true, PyFunction.class);
          String className = pyClass.getName();
          final List<String> nameResult = Lists.newArrayList(className);
          while(outerClass != null) {
            nameResult.add(0, ((PyClass)outerClass).getName());
            outerClass = PsiTreeUtil.getParentOfType(outerClass, PyClass.class, true, PyFunction.class);
          }

          StringUtil.join(nameResult, ".", statementBody);
          statementBody.append(", ").append(firstName);
        }
        statementBody.append(").").append(baseFunction.getName()).append("(");
        // type.__new__ is explicitly decorated as @staticmethod in our stubs, but not in real Python code
        if (parameters.size() > 0 && !(baseMethodIsStatic || overridingNew)) {
          parameters.remove(0);
        }
      }
      else {
        statementBody.append(getReferenceText(pyClass, baseClass)).append(".").append(baseFunction.getName()).append("(");
      }
      StringUtil.join(parameters, ", ", statementBody);
      statementBody.append(")");
    }

    pyFunctionBuilder.statement(statementBody.toString());
    return pyFunctionBuilder;
  }

  public static boolean raisesNotImplementedError(@NotNull PyFunction function) {
    for (PyStatement statement : function.getStatementList().getStatements()) {
      if (!(statement instanceof PyRaiseStatement)) {
        continue;
      }
      final PyRaiseStatement raiseStatement = (PyRaiseStatement)statement;
      final PyExpression[] expressions = raiseStatement.getExpressions();
      if (expressions.length > 0) {
        final PyExpression firstExpression = expressions[0];
        if (firstExpression instanceof PyCallExpression) {
          final PyExpression callee = ((PyCallExpression)firstExpression).getCallee();
          if (callee != null && callee.getText().equals(PyNames.NOT_IMPLEMENTED_ERROR)) {
            return true;
          }
        }
        else if (firstExpression.getText().equals(PyNames.NOT_IMPLEMENTED_ERROR)) {
          return true;
        }
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

  // TODO find a better place for this logic
  private static String getReferenceText(PyClass fromClass, PyClass toClass) {
    final PyExpression[] superClassExpressions = fromClass.getSuperClassExpressions();
    for (PyExpression expression : superClassExpressions) {
      if (expression instanceof PyReferenceExpression) {
        PsiElement target = ((PyReferenceExpression) expression).getReference().resolve();
        if (target == toClass) {
          return expression.getText();
        }
      }
    }
    return toClass.getName();
  }

  @NotNull
  public static Collection<PyFunction> getAllSuperFunctions(@NotNull PyClass pyClass) {
    final Map<String, PyFunction> superFunctions = new HashMap<String, PyFunction>();
    for (PyFunction function : pyClass.getMethods(true)) {
      if (!superFunctions.containsKey(function.getName())) {
        superFunctions.put(function.getName(), function);
      }
    }
    return superFunctions.values();
  }
}


Nice talk once again Rob. 1 suggestion though, as the talk focuses on api and back in php uk 15 you talked about zends apigility I would like to see a comparison.
Another great talk rob. plenty of insight into what makes a good api and highlighted some pitfalls that far too many apis don't mitigate.
I enjoyed this. Would like to have heard more about psr-7 from this speaker.
Good talk on APIs but I did think having part of the talk on general API development, part on PSR-7 and part on Slim itself meant that there wasn't enough time on slim so I don't think I could walk away and develop much with it.
Having said that I found the talk really good for explaining how to make good APIs using Slim to explain that, maybe just a different title is all that's needed to change.
Always enjoy Rob's talks and this one was no exception. It would have benefitted from being in a longer time slot so the API development bit could be fleshed out, maybe with a demo of the CRUD operations from browser to persistence layer - that or a tweak to the title to emphasise the PSR-7 content over the API stuff.
Extremely informative and some good ideas. A few "obvious" points that I could easily miss, so very pleased to be informed.
Enjoyed this presentation. Nice to see how its done in slim - we are using Apigility.


text:
Peumansend Creek is a stream in Caroline County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.

Peumansend Creek (Peuman's End) was named after Peuman, a pirate who was killed there by vigilantes.

See also
List of rivers of Virginia

References

Rivers of Caroline County, Virginia
Rivers of Virginia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Рукум () — один из 75 районов Непала. Входит в состав зоны Рапти, которая, в свою очередь, входит в состав Среднезападного региона страны. Административный центр — город Мусикот.

Граничит с районами Сальян и Ролпа (на юге), районами Баглунг и Мьягди зоны Дхаулагири (на востоке), районом Долпа зоны Карнали (на севере) и районом Джаяркот зоны Бхери (на западе). Площадь района составляет 2877 км². Высота территории изменяется от около 800 до 5911 м над уровнем моря. Район находится в бассейне реки Бхери, крупнейшего притока река Карнали.

Население по данным переписи 2011 года составляет 208 567 человек, из них 99 159 мужчин и 109 408 женщин. По данным переписи 2001 года население насчитывало 188 438 человек. 96,51 % населения исповедуют индуизм; 1,59 % — христианство; 1,07 % — буддизм; 0,06 % — ислам.

Примечания

Районы Непала


text:
Boeing delivers last 747, saying goodbye to 'Queen of the Skies'
Rupert Murdoch scraps proposal to combine Fox, News Corp., sees Move sale
RUPERT Murdoch on Tuesday withdrew a proposal to reunite News Corp. and Fox Corp. as the corporate can also be exploring a sale of Move, Inc, which operates the Realtor.com web site, to CoStar Group, in accordance to a regulatory submitting and sources accustomed to the method.
Three sources accustomed to the matter mentioned News Corp. was in talks to promote its stake in Move to CoStar for about $3 billion.
A number of high shareholders had publicly mentioned they opposed the proposed Fox-News Corp. mixture, and on Tuesday News Corp. mentioned in an announcement that it was "not optimal for shareholders of News Corp. and Fox at this time."
The deal would have recombined the media empire Mr. Murdoch break up practically a decade in the past.
News Corp. confirmed the talks to promote Move to CoStar after Reuters reported it on Tuesday, including that there is no such thing as a assure the discussions will lead to a transaction.
A spokesperson for CoStar mentioned the corporate "continuously evaluates M&A opportunities across a broad range of companies to maximize shareholder value" and doesn't touch upon "market rumors or speculation."
No provide was exchanged between News Corp. and Fox Corp. earlier than merger deliberations have been deserted, in accordance to sources accustomed to the method, who mentioned pushback from News Corp. shareholders performed a job in these plans being scrapped.
A rally in News Corp. shares in current weeks meant that Fox would have had to pay a major premium for the merger to be agreed, one thing that the Murdochs didn't imagine they might justify to shareholders, folks accustomed to the matter mentioned.
Whereas Fox's inventory is down 5%, News Corp. shares are up 25% for the reason that talks between the 2 firms have been first introduced on Oct. 14. News Corp. at present has a market capitalization of about $11 billion, whereas Fox is valued at a shade over $17 billion.
Mr. Murdoch proposed reuniting his media empire final fall, arguing that collectively the publishing and leisure firms he break up aside in 2013 would give the mixed firm larger scale in information, stay sports activities and knowledge, sources mentioned.
A number of folks shut to the Mr. Murdoch considered the try to combine the media firms as pushed by the 91-year-old Mr. Murdoch's succession planning to consolidate energy behind his son and Fox head Lachlan Murdoch, a notion the corporate described as "absurd" in November.
A few of News Corp.'s bigger shareholders, together with Unbiased Franchise Companions and T. Rowe Value balked on the concept.
Rupert Murdoch and his household belief management about 40% of News Corp. and Fox. Had a deal been reached, they might have abstained from voting their shares when every firm sought shareholder approval for the merger, due to the potential battle of curiosity. This made securing the backing of different main shareholders a prerequisite to the deal going by means of.
'RIGHT DECISION'
Activist funding agency Irenic Capital, which was among the many first to say that the proposed reunion would probably undervalue News Corp, on Tuesday applauded the choice to not transfer ahead.
"This is the right decision," Irenic's chief funding officer Adam Katz mentioned. "Looking ahead, News Corp has an opportunity to create substantial value for its owners."
News Corp. agreed to purchase Move in 2014 for $950 million to diversify its digital actual property enterprise which, on the time, was primarily in Australia.
Since then, News Corp. buyers had been calling on the corporate to spin off its digital actual property belongings. Irenic additionally publicly urged News Corp. to promote its Dow Jones media properties.
On a slide-deck presentation in November, Irenic estimated News Corp.'s 80% stake in Move was value $1.4 billion on $2.47 per share.
In a letter to News Corp. workers on Tuesday, News Corp. Chief Government Robert Thomson mentioned: "In my note to you in October, I said the Special Committee assessment would have no impact on our current operations; that was indeed the case, and remains so following today's announcement." — Reuters
SEATTLE — Boeing bid farewell to the iconic 747, delivering the last airplane to Atlas Air on Tuesday afternoon and marking an finish...
BOSTON — The founder of a defunct cryptocurrency enterprise was sentenced on Tuesday to greater than eight years in prison...
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Tag: criticism
Are You Well-Played?
It all started with that one spreadsheet: a trifle to amuse myself between bouts of frenzied editing and marathon writing sessions. It was called "the Database"—an inside joke shared by me and no one else—and it was my attempt at listing every videogame I had ever played in my life. At first, I thought it insurmountable; the kind of self-ordained project that I would sink a few careless hours into before cosigning to the same dustbin shared by my teenage projects. After all, I had spent most of my life playing videogames, or at least what felt like it. How…
Speak Up, The Order: 1886
This article is part of a series called Shut Up, Videogames, in which critic Ed Smith invites games old and new to pipe down, or otherwise. In this edition, he looks at the genre defying third-person action-adventure, The Order: 1886. It's no masterpiece—it's the story of immortal knights fighting werewolves and vampires in Steampunk London. But The Order: 1886 (2015) is still more than videogame critics deserve. Its low review scores and petulant detractors are proof, once again, that games could never become art (whatever that would mean) because the people playing them and the people responsible for curating them simply wouldn't allow…


Prono, Luca. "Mother Outlaws (Group)." In Encyclopedia of Motherhood, edited by Andrea O'Reilly, 848. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2010. doi: 10.4135/9781412979276.n451.
Prono, L 2010, 'Mother outlaws (group)', in O'Reilly, A (ed.), Encyclopedia of motherhood, SAGE Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 848, viewed 21 April 2019, doi: 10.4135/9781412979276.n451.
Prono, Luca. "Mother Outlaws (Group)." Encyclopedia of Motherhood. Ed. Andrea O'Reilly. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2010. 848. SAGE Knowledge. Web. 21 Apr. 2019, doi: 10.4135/9781412979276.n451.


If you or your billing specialists are still posting checks manually, you are probably wondering if there is a more productive and efficient way that this crucial task can be accomplished.
For evidence that there is a better way, look no further than Park Medical Center, a primary care practice in Orange Park, FL. Founded in 1972, Park Medical Center's three physicians and 12 administrative staffers and Medical Assistants began using WRS Family Practice EHR and Practice Management System three years ago.
In 2009, Park Medical Center began evaluating about eight EHR systems, including AllScripts before choosing WRS.
"What used to take an hour, now takes ten minutes with WRS," says Desiree Centalonza, Park Medical Center's Billing Specialist, commenting on WRS Revenue Cycle Management's auto-posting feature.
According to Centalonza, WRS alerts the practice if a diagnosis was entered twice on the same claim form. "WRS will catch it. Those little things help. We've made it to the Clearinghouse's 99 percenter club four or five times this year alone. Our rejections are less than 1%," she said in her review.
Accessibility from any place at any time also ranked high on Park Medical Center's EHR wish list. "Our office is accessible 24 hours a day and there is always a physician on call. WRS makes everything easier, especially if one of the physicians is on call and he is dealing with another physician's patients. That physician is able to access the patient's chart and correctly help them with their issue as well as see what the other physician did recently," stated Centalonza.
Yet another must-have Family Practice EHR feature that Park Medical Center was searching for was e-prescribing. "We use the WRS e-prescribing capability every single day. The biggest benefit is that it's a cost saver. We're not buying Rx pads to write prescriptions out, it's all being done paperless. Everything is electronic. Rx pads got expensive for security prescriptions, so it's money that is being saved. Plus, you are saving money because it doesn't take as much time to write Rxs. You look at the patient, and say, 'Your Rx should be there when you get to your pharmacy.' Even if the patient calls us requesting a refill, we do it by a note in the system, and if the physician approves it, he sends it electronically right then and there," said Centalonza.
Centalonza emphasized yet another benefit of WRS e-prescribing capability. "Patients love being able to walk out of the office, go straight to the pharmacy and their Rx is ready for them. They absolutely prefer this over having to take a piece of paper, go to the pharmacy, and then wait anywhere from 30 minutes to two hours before they can get their medication. This is important, especially when patients come in and they are sick so they need an antibiotic or something of that nature,"said Centalonza.
Despite the fact that many of the practice's elderly patients do not use computers, Park Medical Center is seeing an uptick in those patients and caregivers who are accessing WRS exclusive Patient Portal. "We have a couple of patients who are computer literate and they love the fact that they can go into the portal to request their refills, request their scheduled appointments, and ask any kind of question. As time goes by, it seems that patients are utilizing the portal more, which we can tell just by some of the questions they have started to ask. Most of our patients are Medicare patients so quite a few of them are elderly and don't use computers. Our patient usage of the portal is about 20%. The caregivers, who represent more of the younger generation are definitely using computers," said Centalonza.
Park Medical Center is also accruing many benefits from utilizing WRS Patient Appointment Reminders. "If we have patients' email addresses, they receive an email and phone reminder. Since using this feature it seems our amount of no shows has decreased. Before, we were doing the (appointment) reminder calls manually and it would usually take 2 hours," explained Centalonza in her review.
WRS lab connectivity capability is a win/win for Park Medical Center and its patients. "We're able to get the labs directly into the patient's charts. Since you are not using a piece of paper, you are not putting someone's labs into the wrong chart. You don't have to worry about looking at a male patient and talking about having a menopausal panel that was done. Or you have a female patient in front of you and you start talking about PSA. You don't have those kinds of things happening. It's the same thing when any pathologies are done; you don't have those kinds of mistakes because it's electronically connected. And if there is an issue with anything, you have to pair it with the actual patient by name and date of birth. That ensures patient safety as well," stated Centalonza.
Customized templates aren't the only crowd pleaser at Park Medical Center. "One of the things we were looking for was a user-friendly EHR system for the physicians. We wanted a Family Practice EHR that they would be able to dictate directly into, such as with Dragon software. It saves them a lot of time as far as dictation. Not all physicians are great typists. So instead of having to hunt and peck on a keyboard they use Dragon to do all of their dictating. They love it," said Centalonza.
What about updates? "Every time WRS updates system it shows up on our home sign-in page and we have a staffer who is responsible for printing them. Everyone reads them and initials them. The updates have been very informative. They are short and sweet. WRS is good about using screen shots to show you what you should be seeing," said Centalonza.
Time is of the essence. No worries. WRS Fax Queue is a time saver. "We do use WRS Fax Queue to fax everything. It saves us a little bit of time because we're not using just one machine any more. If a referring physician wants to see the notes from several visits, we can fax it in seconds. You don't have to waste time printing anything out. You just click and you're done," remarked Centalonza.
When queried what Park Medical Center's philosophy is, Centalonza was concise when she replied, "We believe the patient comes first and that we're here because we care." Centalonza was a little bit more long winded when it came to her assessment of WRS. "WRS system is very affordable. Because of how small we are, in the long run, it would have cost us more money to try to set up own on server in this office. WRS definitely has some great features. WRS is very user friendly and compatible with all modules of the system. I have no complaints whatsoever. WRS was very good to us. Customer service is excellent," she concluded in her review.
WRS Health thanks Desiree Centalonza for sharing her review of the WRS Family Practice EHR.


Antioxidants are the chemical compounds which protect our body from the molecules known as free radicals which are produced as a bi-product during metabolic processes in our body. They work to neutralize the effect of these free radicals. Our body produces some antioxidants, but when the number of antioxidants starts reducing within the body due to aging or environmental factors, we need to consume various antioxidant foods and supplements to fulfill our body's requirement of antioxidants.
Following are some food items and ingredients which must be incorporated into our diet to increase the content of antioxidants in the body.
Goji berries are also known as wolfberries. Dried goji berries contain carbohydrates, fat, dietary fiber, protein and sugar. Goji berries contain various minerals and vitamins along with antioxidants.
These reduce cholesterol level in the body due to their antioxidant properties.
Dark Chocolate is made of cocoa beans. It is very high in antioxidant contents. Two common chemical groups in dark chocolates are Polyphenols and Flavonoids. Cocoa content in dark chocolate is even higher than wine and tea.
Flavonoids of dark chocolate have a positive effect on heart health and help in lowering blood pressure and improve blood flow.
It may help in preventing cancer.
Pecan nuts are rich buttery flavored fruits that contain monounsaturated fatty acids like Oleic acid and an amazing source of Phenolic antioxidants. The healthy fats in pecans are powerful in the production of antioxidants and reduction in inflammation.
These contain healthy fats that may help in preventing oxidative damage caused by environmental factors and dietary issues.
Nuts like Pecan nuts are cholesterol-lowering food as these contain monounsaturated fats that are recommended for cholesterol related problems.
Making these nuts a part of our daily diet reduces the risk related to heart diseases as these contain plenty of antioxidants.
These nuts have anti-inflammatory properties due to the presence of Copper which contributes to reducing inflammation, especially during stiffness and pain due to arthritis.
Blueberries are rich in antioxidants, fibers, manganese and minerals. These have Anthocyanins that is a very good anti-inflammatory agent. Blueberries also contain Polyphenols and Flavonoids. Blueberries are considered a super food due to the highest amounts of anti-oxidants present in them.
Being an active antioxidant, it prevents cardiovascular diseases.
Blueberries help in the prevention of oxidative DNA damage and are highly recommended to prevent aging and cancer.
Antioxidants present in Blueberries reduce the level of oxidized LDL.
These aid in reducing the risk of Heart-related diseases and lower the blood pressure.
Help in improving cognitive activities, i.e., reasoning, thinking, and memory.
Prevent Urinary Tract Infection, a common problem in women as these contain active antioxidants which prevent infection in the urinary bladder.
Elderberries contain loads of antioxidants and have a wide range of health benefits. The native Americans have been using them for ages in medicines, food preparations, dyes and other small things.
contain Bioflavonoids, antioxidants and Vitamin A, which are all. beneficial in skin maintenance. That is why elderberries are used in many commercially available cosmetic products.
Since Elderberries have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties they help in curing various allergies and sinus complications.
Just like the other members of berry family cranberries are also a storehouse of antioxidants. In fact, cranberries can out beat other berry family members regarding some specific types of antioxidants such as Proanthocyanidin (PAC) which is highly beneficial to human beings.
low in calories so it aids in maintaining healthy body weight with an ample number of nutritious elements.
A majorly known benefit of Cranberry is that it is very helpful in preventing Urinary Tract Infection (commonly known as UTI a general problem in women). Inclusion of cranberries in the diet of UTI patients relieves their problem and lowers the need for antibiotics.
Decrease inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory property as inflammation is the root cause of many major diseases such as cancer, diabetes and other auto-immune diseases.
prevent Cancers of lung, breast, colon and prostate due to their antioxidant properties.
Artichoke contains Vitamin A, E, D, C, K, B-6, B-12, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and folate. It also contains essential minerals, micro-nutrients, it is low in cholesterol and saturated fats.
Vitamin K and Vitamin C present in artichokes help in keeping bones and muscles healthy.
It contains phytonutrients Cynarins and silymarins that are very important contributors towards healthy liver function.
Artichoke has phytonutrients rutin, quercetin and gallic acid that induce cell death that is beneficial actually for preventing cancer-causing cells production.
These are very beneficial for us, as these are rich in complex carbohydrates, minerals, proteins, vitamins, fibers and very low in fats.
Kidney beans contain a significant amount of Flavanol antioxidants and may help protect against cancer.
These are useful in diabetes control and help in maintaining healthy blood sugar levels.
Blackberries are loaded with antioxidants, Vitamin C and contain a low amount of sodium too.
Oxidative stress and inflammation can be prevented by regular use of antioxidants like Blackberries.
Vitamin C in Blackberries produces skin collagen and prevents skin dryness and premature aging.
Blackberries help in boosting immunity and protect us from various infections and allergies.
Cilantro leaves also known as coriander are effective antioxidants.
Being an effective antioxidant, it helps in curing smallpox and other similar diseases.
It is a natural stimulant that regulates proper hormonal secretion thereby helps in maintaining a healthy menstrual cycle.
Clove is a well-known antioxidant compound which contains antioxidant compounds like anthocyanins and quercetin in a significant amount.
Rich in antioxidants, it protects the significant organs from harmful effects of free radicals.
It is proven to prevent initial stages of lung cancer.
Cinnamon is one of the most influential antioxidants that helps in treating various problems caused by the harmful free radicals in the body that cause health hazards.
It is highly anti-inflammatory in nature and helps in getting rid of stiffness and pain in joints and muscles.
Cinnamon being an antioxidant helps in controlling the deposition of fats in the arteries and protects the body from various heart problems.
Regular consumption of cinnamon can help in improving digestion and gas problem.
Oregano is generally used as a spice to improve or enhance the flavor. It is a perennial herb that has various antioxidant properties.
It has anti-inflammatory properties due to the presence of an active ingredient called Beta-Caryophyllene (BCP).
It has useful antioxidant properties as it contains various phytonutrients such as thymol and rosmarinic acid that protect the body from the effects of harmful toxins.
One of the most powerful herbs, it can help in fighting and reversing various diseases. It contains Curcumin which is an active antioxidant compound and has great healing potential.
Turmeric has anti-inflammatory properties that can help in providing our body protection from many diseases like Cancer, ulcerative colitis, chronic pain and high cholesterol.
Widely used in skin treatments because of its antioxidant properties as it can speed up the healing of wounds and scars and can reduce the skin pore size and treat acne as well.
Cocoa beans contain a high amount of anthocyanidin flavonoids which are strong antioxidants and can help in curing various health problems caused by harmful free radical particles.
Being an antioxidant, it helps in fighting harmful free radicals and also helps in breakdown of harmful toxins that enter our body due to environmental pollution and cigarette smoke.
It helps in decreasing the inflammation in the body and can prevent various diseases such as arthritis.
Blood clots caused by the imbalance in the number of platelets in the blood can be cured by the consumption of cocoa powder.
Cumin is used as a spice and has many antioxidant properties. As compared to other antioxidant spices, cumin has more antioxidant properties making it one of the most widely used spice.
Being a strong antioxidant, it helps in fighting various degenerative diseases such as cancer, heart diseases, diabetes, macular degeneration and Alzheimer's disease.
It has anti-aging properties as it fights the harmful free radical particles that strike the skin and cause various kind of skin problems and signs of aging.
Enriched with essential oils, antioxidants and nutrients Parsley is referred to as a superfood. It is often used as a garnishing component in kitchens.
Parsley helps in fighting the free radical particles that cause tissue damage and visible signs of aging such as wrinkles and fine lines.
Antioxidant features of parsley help in lowering the risks of cardiovascular diseases and prevention from certain kind of cancers. It also helps in stopping the development of various tumors.
Basil is a mint family herb which is well known for its antioxidant properties. It is an aromatic herb and appears in nature in various colors like green, white or purple depending on the environmental factors.
Phytochemicals present in basil can prevent cancer.
Essential oils like citronellol, eugenol and linalool present in basil are very effective in reducing inflammation.
Gingerol, a bioactive compound presents in ginger gives it a unique flavor and fragrance and is responsible for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Because of its antioxidant properties, it can reduce inflammation and provide relief in problems like osteoarthritis and other joint related issues.
Ginger has anti-blood clotting property that can protect from many heart-related diseases.
Thymol is the most active ingredient in thyme and is responsible for its anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant properties, which is why it is widely used in herbal cosmetic products.
Loaded with Vitamin A and Vitamin C, it is a great immunity booster and aids in fighting infections.
Bioflavonoids and volatile oil thymol, make it a powerful source of antioxidants.
It is a good antibacterial and antiseptic agent.
It contains a compound quercetin is an anti-allergen which makes it very useful in protecting us from seasonal allergies.


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Faculty and StaffExpand menu item
Policies, Procedures and Guidelines
New FacultyExpand menu item
OrientationExpand menu item
In Campus Tour Registration
Pre-arrival GuideExpand menu item
Fulbright Scholars Students
Getting SettledExpand menu item
Faculty Promotion
Workload Policy
Sabbatical Leave Policy
Teaching Overload and Part-time Teaching Compensation Policy
Professional Conduct Policy
Intellectual Property Policy and Procedures
Adjunct Appointments
New Joined FacultyExpand menu item
College of Health Science
QU Colleges
Faculty SenateExpand menu item
Senate Bylaws
Senate members (6th Cycle)
CommitteesExpand menu item
Standing CommitteesExpand menu item
Faculty Affairs Committee
Academic Affairs Committee
Academic Research Committee
Student Affairs Committee
Community Engagement and Partnership Committee
Senate Meetings
Senate Elections
Digital Measures System
Campus Resources [ A to Z ] that you will use while you are working at Qatar University are listed in the table below.
The Continuing Education Office is a link between the University and society. The Office offers a variety of programs and training course that ultimately aim to fulfill the needs of Qatar community and its constituents. The programs include the following: 1) General programs and Training Courses, 2) Special Programs and Courses (Tailor-made), and 3) Certification Programs.
The External Relations Department was established to ensure that Qatar University's communications, events and relations with varied constituents both support and promote its position as a model national university. The office provides services in five main areas: communications, events, alumni relations, partner relations, and media.
Discover more about the university layout when browsing some photos in the campus gallery
Through this portal you will learn about ongoing research programs, policies and procedures, funding opportunities unique to Qatar University and other research-related information. The Office of Research looks forward to assisting you with your research endeavors to develop projects that serve in your own progress as well as that of the University and the state of Qatar.
Qatar University is committed to providing suitable housing for its eligible staff and faculty in order to facilitate a comfortable stay for them and their families during their employment with the university.
Human Resource is dedicated to support learning, academic excellence and the overall mission of the University. And through formal and clear objectives, policies, procedures and communication channels, HR strives to provide the highest quality support services and best practices to make Qatar University the institution of choice for learning and working.
ITS is Qatar University's information technology organization, providing infrastructure, applications, and services that support academic and business activities. ITS delivers world class IT services to enable Qatar University to be a model national university that offers a high quality, learning-centered education.
Discover more about the campus. Take a look at an interactive map to orient yourself to the campus.
The clinic at Qatar University provides free medical support and services to students, faculty, and staff of the University. Experienced doctors, pharmacists, and a team of dedicated nurses are constantly on hand, working to secure the safety and well-being of the University's attendants, as well as contribute health education programs for raising awareness.
myBanner Service
myBanner student information system was launched on February 2008 as part of the constant efforts of Qatar University to provide a high quality educational environment for its students, faculty, and staff. It can be accessed directly using the URL (http://mybanner.qu.edu.qa) or through the university portal myQU.
OFID: Office of Faculty and Instructional Development
OFID strives to support Qatar University's academic staff with ongoing professional development programs and resources that meets faculty needs for high quality education. OFID aims to facilitate and support faculty research endeavors and the implementation of best teaching practices in a collaborative working environment through workshops and seminars on curriculum enhancement and innovations.
Qatar University Campus
Qatar University is situated on the northern edge of Doha, approximately 16 kilometers from the city center. Qatar University's main campus is built on a total area of about 8 square kilometers, with architecture that is distinguished and modern, while reflecting the ideals of traditional Islamic design.
Qatar University Leadership
The 'University' site offers a glimpse of the set of distinguished leaders guiding the organization into the future.
SLCS: Student Learning Support Center
The Student Learning Support Center (SLSC) provides academic support services to all students at Qatar University . The SLSC is a supportive environment where students can seek assistance with course assignments, instructors, transitioning to college academic life, or other academic issues. SLSC programs include: Peer Tutoring, the Writing Lab, Writing Workshops, and the Academic Success Workshop Series.
Textbooks section at Student Services Department assumes selling books to students. The university provides a subsidy equals 50% of total price for books over QR 50. The section announces book selling table prior to every semester. The "Book Fair" is held close to girls' library.
Quick links to the Arabic and English publications produced on campus.


text:
The Mountain Heritage Center features new exhibit celebrating the 19th Amendment
September 28, 2020 4:37 pm by Sara Stanley Views: 263
Gertrude Dills McKee- Photo Credit: Anne McKee Austin through the Mountain Heritage Center
The Mountain Heritage Center at Western Carolina University has a new exhibit open that showcases the legacies of the women behind the 19th Amendment.
The exhibit titled, Rightfully Ours: Women's Suffrage in Western North Carolina, features three parts focusing on the national struggle for voting rights, local suffragists, and on-campus voting.
Pam Meister, Director of the Mountain Heritage Center, explained the importance of unveiling this exhibit for the 100th anniversary of the 19th Amendment.
"For almost 2 years we wanted to do an exhibit that would celebrate the centennial anniversary of the ratification of the 19th Amendment. Then when we started looking around, we realized that there are some wonderful local stories to be told and that here in Western North Carolina is where the movement got its official start in the state," Meister said.
Meister added that it was necessary to highlight the national struggle for voting rights and the often-overlooked issues that arose.
"The Women's Suffrage Movement ultimately became a state rights issue. You cannot talk about the movement without talking about reconstruction, Jim Crow Laws, and the racist aspects of this movement," Meister added.
The local portion of this exhibit spotlights an abundance of suffragists from Western North Carolina, one of which has a direct tie to WCU.
"Our first female state senator was Gertrude Dills McKee. The McKee Building here on campus is named after her because she was not only a state senator, but also a two-term trustee here at Western Carolina University," said Meister.
Autumn Chandler, intern at The Mountain Heritage Center, explained the importance of learning the history of these local suffragists.
"It's important to keep these women's legacies alive because it took so long to just get to women's suffrage and even past that, especially this election year, it's taken so long to get to universal suffrage," Chandler said.
The Mountain Heritage Center partnered with the Center for Community Engagement and Service Learning to create a portion of the exhibit highlighting the on-campus polling place and the importance of voting in the upcoming election.
The polling place, located in the multipurpose room of the University Center, has been active for 4 years and it allows easy access for anyone in the community to vote. It will be active during early voting for the upcoming general election.
Lane Perry, Director of the Center for Community Engagement and Service Learning, explained the crucial part that college-aged voters play in elections.
"College students represent one of the largest voting demographics in the US, though they vote at the lowest rate of all demographic groups. Candidates know this. Candidates address and tailor their messages to the demographics and people who actually vote. So, if college students could organize themselves and become an engaged voting demographic, then more politicians might address the issues that are of most importance to those individuals," Perry said.
The Mountain Heritage Center hopes to encourage students to vote by featuring an interactive portion of the exhibit that will allow viewers to scan a QR code to register to vote and to request an absentee ballot.
The exhibit is now open for students to view and will have additional information added throughout the time it is available for viewing.
Tags: Gertrude McKee, McKee, WCU, women's suffrage


text:
The Statue Of Liberty Poem Is Now A Weapon In America's Culture War
Scott Greer Contributor
January 26, 2017 10:57 PM ET
Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!
We're all familiar with those words written by Emma Lazarus over a 100 years ago and emblazoned on the Statue of Liberty. It's embedded into our culture and routinely cited in our political discourse.
And to immigration enthusiasts, those words aren't mere poetry, but scripture for how America defines itself.
In the wake of President Donald Trump's executive orders cracking down on migration from some Muslim-majority countries and other hard-line measures in relation to immigration, liberals have deployed Lazarus's words ad nauseam to argue how un-American Trump's policies supposedly are.
This potential policy shocks me. What happened to give us your poor, your huddled masses? https://t.co/JrIwMKHufo pic.twitter.com/WJxUSPjN3G
— Ezra Klein (@ezraklein) January 25, 2017
At least one of these executive orders should include the destruction of the plaque in the Statue of Liberty https://t.co/xlB204P8eN
— Mazel Tov Cocktail (@AdamSerwer) January 25, 2017
There is no fine print on the Statue of Liberty. America must remain open to people of all faiths & backgrounds. #RefugeesWelcome pic.twitter.com/4LvMiZTRJJ
— Madeleine Albright (@madeleine) January 25, 2017
This argument is all too common when immigration is debated in America, with those who employ the poem for the purpose of declaring it is apart of our national creed to forever leave our door open for whomever wants to come to our shores. Lazarus's words go from just some poem to a text that's equivalent to the Declaration of Independence in the eyes of liberals.
That's simply not the case.
Lazarus was neither a Founding Father nor a towering figure in American history. Her words have never been law and her poem is not attached to the Constitution. It's simply the expression of one 19th century socialist. The poem wasn't even placed on the Statue of Liberty when the monument was unveiled in 1886, which of course was a gift from France to the United States.
The idea that Lazarus's poem is somehow equivalent to the Constitution, the Declaration or the writings of the Founders is ridiculous. Nor has American migration resembled the picture Lazarus describes in her writing.
Settlers in the colonial era did not find sanctuary in the New World, but a land filled with hostile natives, deadly diseases and harsh living conditions. It was no place for tired, huddled masses to find a loving embrace.
As a nation-state, America has striven to attract those imbued with the qualities that would make them a great citizen, not necessarily the "wretched refuse" of the Old World. We have certainly been a shining beacon to those yearning to breathe free, but as Teddy Roosevelt — who served as president when Lazarus's poem earned a plaque on the Statue in 1903 — exhorted, "There can be no divided allegiance here. Any man who says he is an American, but something else also, isn't an American at all."
Roosevelt meant that immigrants would be welcome only if they fulfilled their obligation to thoroughly assimilate to America's culture and way of life — not the other way around. To Americans of Roosevelt's era, there was an understanding that this nation was great because of the people who lived here, laid the foundations for our culture and passed on our values to future generations.
For liberals who gush over "The New Colossus" sonnet, America is only great because of its newcomers. Implied in all the hysteria around Trump's executive orders is that immigration is the core principle of the United States. Any restrictions placed on it is an affront to American values, which happen to be best expressed by one Emma Lazarus.
There is no real culture for immigrants to assimilate to either, contrary to Roosevelt's demands. America is just about abstract principles that the whole world can subscribe to — no matter their allegiances or willingness to speak English.
What is most concerning about the recitation of the Lazarus poem as the final word of immigration is how it imagines America as defined by the eternal outsider. We can only be truly America if we welcome the stranger in our midst with no hesitation. The new arrivals are needed to replace the bad-old citizens, who are apparently less American than the immigrants who just arrived.
There's a kind of inverted tribalism at work in this rhetoric. The out-group (potential immigrants) is seen as superior to the in-group (citizens), and America is defined by its acceptance of the out-group into the fold. (RELATED: Dear Paul Ryan: America Was Actually Founded On An Identity)
One of the many interpretations of Trumpism is that of the in-group asserting itself against those they perceive as outsiders — otherwise known as the normal form of tribalism. There's certainly elements of that apparent in Trump's embrace of the slogan "America First," which frightens liberals and neoconservatives who believe America should commit itself to being the guardian of liberal internationalism over its own "narrorw," national interests. (RELATED: Nationalism Beyond Trump)
That commitment to liberal internationalism is based on the belief that America is an idea, not a nation. To put America first is somehow un-American under this notion.
The huddled masses — representing a myriad faiths, ethnicities and allegiances — are celebrated because they counteract the idea America has a national identity inseparably rooted in culture, history and principles dating back to the first English settlers.
At one point, Lazarus's poem might have been just a reminder of the multitudes of people our country has managed to assimilate over the years.
Now it serves as a cornerstone text in the cultural war over America's identity.
Follow Scott on Twitter and purchase his book, "No Campus for White Men," on Amazon
Tags : america first scott greer statue of liberty
Scott Greer


Jacob was fairer than Esau, with a lighter complexion and smaller build. Esau was apparently a lightweight when it came to study. Rebecca was smart (bright) when it came to obtaining the blessing for Jacob. Isaac appeared to be unenlightened when it came what was happening in his own household.
SO… limited only by your creativity and the category of food assigned, please bring a food which is "light".


The 2016 NCAA football betting regular season has officially concluded which means that it's now time for online sportsbook fans to get ready to make predictions for this year's bowl games. Last season's bowl games were a dramatic conclusion to a season filled with unexpected surprises. This year's games should prove to be just as sensational. The games will officially begin on December 17th and will conclude on January 9th, 2017 when the College Football Playoff National Championship will be held. With a total of 41 postseason games to be played, there will be a goodly amount of college football betting lines for online sportsbook fans to choose from. Since there were a total of 80 bowl slots to fill, a record of 20 teams with a non-winning record will have to compete in this year's bowl games.
Therefore, there should be some favorable matchups for fans to exploit.
One contest that could prove to be one sided is this year's Heart of Dallas Bowl. Last season, the 6-6 Washington Huskies duked it out with the 9-4 Southern Miss Golden Eagles to provide a thrilling contest. Ultimately, the Huskies ended up upsetting Southern Miss 44-31. This year the 7-5 Army Black Knights will face off against the 5-7 North Texas Mean Green to deliver another exciting installment of the Heart of Dallas Bowl. Let's see what the NCAA football betting odds have to say about this pairing.
As usual, the online sportsbook odds are siding with the team with the better record. 2016 marked a drastic change for the Black Knights. Specifically for Jeff Monken who was able to take a 2-10 team and lead them to a winning record this season. In addition to having a winning record, Army won bragging rights over Navy when they beat them 21-17 earlier this month.
But Army wasn't the only one to have a turnaround season. Seth Littrell, Mean Green's first year head coach, was able to take a 1-11 team to a 5-7 finish. Interestingly enough, North Texas was able to beat Army earlier this season when they faced each other in late October. However, despite the turnout of that event, the odds are still convinced that Army will be winning this year's Heart of Dallas Bowl.
While Army may have qualified for this game because of a season of successful football, the Mean Green got their ticket to this contest they had the highest Academic Progress Rate out of the five-win teams. We've heard of brains playing a role in determining the outcome of a football game but in this case it helped North Texas earn a bowl slot.
If North Texas wants to defeat Army again they'll need to improve against the run as well as try to stop Army's triple-option offense. But considering how good Ahmad Bradshaw has been lately, and how poor Mean Green has been against the run, it makes sense that the NCAA football betting lines would favor Army in this contest.


text:
namespace BaristaLabs.BaristaCore.JavaScript
{
    using System.Threading.Tasks;

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    /// Represents a source where scripts are persisted.
    /// </summary>
    public interface IScriptSource
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets an integer identifier describing the script source.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// Used to identify the script source instance during debugging.
        /// </remarks>
        int Cookie
        {
            get;
        }

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        /// Gets the description of the script source.
        /// </summary>
        string Description
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        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the script from the source.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        Task<string> GetScriptAsync();
    }
}


I'm joining incredible theater artists Soomi Kim and Suzi Takahashi as their Assistant Director for the culminating production of CHANG(E) at HERE!
Fighting for global social transformation, performance artist and activist Kathy Change (formerly Kathleen Chang) was on a mission to save the world from disaster. As a final act of protest, she self-immolated on the campus of UPenn in October 1996. Chang(e) is a live-staged docudrama that slips between reality and fantasy, plunging viewers inside the mind of Kathy Change. Through a phantasmagorical blend of dance, text (interview and performance transcriptions and Change's own writings), video and original score, Change's prescient defiance comes to life in this real life account of a modern day "Cassandra."
I'm directing Stephen Kaplan's new short play, Helen Keller Visits Martha Graham's Dance Studio as part of Project Y Theatre's 3rd New York New Playwright Festival (NYNP) with #ParityPlays, by the Project Y Playwrights Group, where the casts are 50% or more women!
20 WRITERS. 9 NEW PLAYS.
"Two giants face off over the nature of art."
Art Wife Mariah MacCarthy drew my name out of a hat and I'm directing again for Ensemble Studio Theatre's annual Youngblood Asking for Trouble festival!! Our task, to stage More Than One Way To Skin a Cat, which just happened to be inspired by Reba McEntire's hit, "Does He Love You." Do yourself a favor and watch this music video.
Do you smell that in the air?
It's not the whiff of pumpkin spice and fresh hay bales.
A ten minute play festival with 26 brand new plays over four separate nights of theatre - October 13-17th.
Only by the writers of EST/Youngblood.


Based in our West Yorkshire office.
In return we offer an excellent package and a friendly team working environment.
If you share our aims and ambitions in construction and believe that you could make a positive and significant contribution to our team, we would be pleased to receive your CV.
Our company is looking for an experienced Accounts Assistant to support the Accounts Manager with day to day operations, based at our Head Office in Liversedge, West Yorkshire.
The successful candidate will possess exceptional organisational and time management skills, and experience working successfully in a fast-paced environment.
Hours of work are: Monday to Friday 9am to 4.30pm (4pm finish on Friday) with ½ unpaid lunch break.
You must possess excellent communication and interpersonal skills, with excellent attention to detail. Applicants possessing experience in a similar role are strongly encouraged to apply.


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