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Before You Hit the Road
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Headed out for an RV Rental vacation? Let the fun begin as soon as you pull out of the driveway. Enjoy the road on the way to your destination and pass the time with some tried & true games of mom and dad's childhood. We've pulled together some of the most popular time-tested games that have entertained generations for hours and miles in the car, and odds are your kids will love them, too. If your kids are hi-tech gadget gurus, how about some of the classic road games with a modern-day twist? Road test the Go RVing GetAWAY game for your mobile phone. The free games are available for both Android and iPhone and can be found in your app store by searching GetAWAY.
How to Play: The objective is to find words outside the vehicle and NOT on any other vehicle that begin with the letters of the alphabet, starting with the letter "A." Once a player calls out an object they see with the letter "A," they move on to the letter "B." The other players continue to look for items that begin with the letter "A." You cannot use the same word that another player has used for a particular letter. For the letter "X," an "ex" word can be used, such as "exit" or "exhaust." However, if "exit" was used for the "e" word, it cannot be used for the "X" word. The first player to reach the letter "Z" wins the game.
Game Notes: Mom and/or Dad may need to act as referee if more than one player sees and says the word at the same time. The one who calls out the word first gets the word.
Animal Game
How to Play: Each player thinks of an animal. Other players then take turns asking simple questions that can be answered with a "yes" or "no." (For example: Is it a reptile? Does it have four legs? Can it be a pet?) Guessing continues until either the animal is identified or everyone gives up. It is then the next person's turn to think of an animal. There is no scoring and no winner need be identified. This game helps kids use logic to solve problems.
A map of the territory you will be covering on your trip. Take it to somewhere like Kinko's or Mailboxes Etc. and photocopy it in black and white.
A folder to hold the map and keep it neat
Light-colored crayons, colored pencils, markers
How to Play: Mark the starting point and ending point for the day on the map. During the trip, the kids can color the map with light colors only so that they can still see the words through the colors. They can only ask you, "Where are we now?" That way they can look at their own map and keep track of where you are on the trip. Only YOU can ask THEM the question, "Are we there yet?" This way, not only will the kids have fun and keep busy for a while, they can also learn to read a map, learn about mileage and learn to keep a lookout for the road signs necessary to find on a trip.
Bury Your Horses
Two eyes and a mouth
How to Play: Everyone in the vehicle watches for horses and cemeteries. The first person to see a horse claims that horse and gets to add it to their count. The first person to see a cemetery shouts out "Bury Your Horses!" and everyone else but the shouter's horse count goes back to zero. Repeat. The first one who counts 50 horses wins!
Car Color
How to Play: Everyone in the vehicle names the color of the next car they will see in oncoming traffic. No two players can select the same color at the same time. Whoever gets the most right wins.
Game Notes: Instead of color, you can use vehicle type: Jeep, pickup, minivan, 18 wheeler, etc.
Car Color (variation)
Pad or sheet of paper
How to Play: Everyone chooses one car color. Each person playing should have a different color. Set a time limit, say 10 minutes or half an hour. Now keep your eyes open for cars that are your color and put tally marks on your pad. At the end of the time, the one with the most tally marks is the winner. You might want to write down the color you are looking for on the top of your page. For younger children, take a crayon and color on the top of the page to help them remember what they are looking for. When the game is over, take a short break and do it again.
Game Notes: After you have played the game once, everyone switches colors and plays again for the same time. Continue until everyone has had a chance to look for each different color. Another variation is for everyone to look for a specific kind of vehicle, such as truck, camper, SUV, car, 18 wheeler, etc. The choices will depend on the age of the children playing. At the end of the time limit, see which kind of vehicle was seen the most.
Comic Strip Game
How to Play: Prior to your trip, Mom or Dad can cut up a cartoon strip into individual squares. Then, mix up the squares and place them in an envelope or paper clip them together. On the road, kids will have fun trying to put the squares back in their original order by taping or gluing the strips onto a sheet of paper.
Game Notes: For a challenge, cut up two or more comic strips for the kids to put back together.
Commercial Game
How to Play: Players take turns thinking of a commercial slogan or jingle, such as "Double your pleasure, double your fun" for Doublemint Gum. The other players take turns guessing what the product is. Players can assign points for each winning guess. The first player to earn a certain number of points, such as 10, wins.
Cow Game
How to Play: Each person (or team, if there are four or more players) is assigned the right or left windows of the vehicle. Each person (or team) counts the number of cows they see out "their" side. Cows are counted until the trip is completed. The catch? If a cemetery is spotted on "their" side of the road, "their" cows must be "buried," and they begin counting cows again, starting from zero. The side with the most cows at the end of the trip wins. If you are traveling in an area without cows, the game could be played with other objects, such as mailboxes.
Good eyes
License plates with five (only five) numbers
Someone to keep score on a piece of paper
How to Play: Arrange the five numbers to get the best cribbage hand. Take turns until the first player reaches 121 points. This helped us to teach our kids to count.
Dictionary Memory
How to Play: One person picks a letter out of the alphabet. Starting with the next person in line, that person says a word that comes to mind beginning with the letter that was chosen. The game continues on to each person, and a time limit is set for trying to remember a word. Eventually each person is eliminated.
Goin' On A Trip
How to Play: Take turns going around the group. First player says, "I'm going on a trip and I'm going to take a(n) (object beginning with letter "A")." The second player repeats the phrase including the first item and adds an item beginning with the letter "B." Play continues through group until last turn, which names 26 items "A" through "Z."
Grandma's Cat
How to Play: First player says, "Grandma's cat is ____," finishing the sentence with a one-word description starting with letter "A" (like "adorable"). Second player must use letter "B" (like "black"), and so on. Great vocabulary builder, and older kids like it, too.
Grocery Store Game
Total concentration!
How to Play: First person starts with letter "A" by saying, "I went to the grocery store today and bought some apples." Second person has to repeat from letter "A," "I went to the grocery store today and bought some apples and bread." Continue on with as many people as you want, going all the way through the alphabet. The first person to make a mistake is out, and then you keep going with the remaining players until you have a winner.
Game Notes : The best is when you buy items other than groceries.
License Plate Challenge
Good pair of eyes
Your brain
How to Play: Player(s) look out the windows while on the highway and search for different license plates (plates of other states/provinces). Begin by saying what state or province that plate is from (in the beginning, it can be any plate), and the player(s) then have to find a license plate beginning with the last letter of the first plate (for example, if a player finds a Vermont plate, they must find a license plate beginning with the letter "T" (for example, Tennessee, Texas, etc.). Game stops when player(s) can't find a state/province with that plate or when player(s) give up.
Game Notes: For states or provinces with two or more words (like New York), search for a plate beginning with "K" (e.g., Kansas). Game can also be played the same way with anything else (e.g., car makes/models, animals, guessing cities, etc.).
A list of items made up for each person or team. Can be made ahead of time.
How to Play: Each person or team gets a list of 10 to 15 things that you may see while driving. Each list is different (for example, police car, wishing well, airplane, weeping willow tree, white cat, church steeple, riding lawn mower, no exit sign, golf course and pizza shop). The first one who gets everything on their list wins.
Game Notes: You can vary the difficulty of the lists depending on the ages playing. We find all ages enjoy this game. It can stretch over several days sometimes, depending on the length and difficulty of the lists.
How to Play: This game can be played by any number of players, but the level of difficulty increases with the number of players. Players choose a category, such as sports. The first player names a sport, such as baseball. The next player then repeats that sport and adds another sport, such as football. The game continues until a player fails to name one of the items in the correct order. New categories can be chosen and the game can begin again.
Name Game
How to Play: Players first decide on a category of names, such as TV or movie stars, musicians, athletes, etc. One player begins by naming someone in that category, such as Michael Jordan. The next player then names someone beginning with the same letter as the last name of Jordan, such as Joe Montana. Players take turns until someone gives up. The game can begin again with a different category.
Game Notes: If you are playing with more than two players, you can add this challenge. If Player 1 says "Daffy Duck" and Player 2 says "Donald Duck," it is Player 1's turn again rather than Player 3's turn. This is because Player 2 named someone whose first and last names had the same initials as Player 1.
How to Play: As you go around the circle, have each player name an item that starts with that person's name. Or to make the game more challenging, have the item rhyme with the player's name (for example, if the player's name is Paul, he could bring the pots and pans).
Padital
Your eyes
How to Play: Have at least two players watching traffic in either direction. When you see a car with only one headlight, say "Padital" and tap the roof of whatever you are riding in. A car or truck with a "Padital" is worth 1 point, a bus is worth 5 points, an 18-wheeler is worth 10 and a police car automatically wins the game. The game is usually played to 25, but it can go on for however long you want. Remember to have fun while playing.
Game Notes: Best if played at night.
How to Play: One player draws a picture or shape on a piece of paper, but does not show it to the other players. He or she then describes the picture, one element at a time. For example, "one vertical line on the left side of the page." Then, "a half circle across the top of the page," etc. The player who comes closest to drawing the picture correctly gets a chance to draw a picture or shape, and the game starts over again.
Popcorn Counting
3 people minimum
4+ is better
How to Play: One person starts the game by counting the number "one" out loud. Someone else has to follow that with "two," and so on. The idea is for anyone to jump in and count the next number (there is no such thing as turns). The catch is that if two (or more!) people speak at the same time, everything starts back over at "one." See how high you can count, or try to beat your own record!
Game Notes: Setting up patterns or signals about who is going to say the next number is off-limits. The more people playing, the more challenging (and fun) it is! Wonderfully simple, challenging and addictive.
Rainy Day Easter Egg Hunt
How to Play: Just because it rains or is too cold to go outside on your Easter camping trip doesn't mean you can't have the fun of an Easter Egg Hunt! Space is often limited in RVs, so this is an easy and fun way to have a hunt despite the weather. Cut out egg shapes with the colored paper. Now these can be hidden nearly anywhere! Tape them to the back of cupboard doors, poking out between folded clothing, even on the ceiling! (Be careful using tape on certain surfaces; some reusable sticking putty may work better.)
Game Notes:
Each egg could be "worth" a certain prize, which is written on the egg, such as "chocolate bar" or "peanut butter egg."
Different shapes can be used for different seasons, such as gingerbread men at Christmas or stars on Independence Day.
Eggs can also be colorfully decorated with markers, glitter, etc. Be sure to let them dry before using them.
Reading License Plate Game
How to Play: Observe license plates on other vehicles and "read" what they "say." For example, the plate "007-BVD" could be read as "James Bond's underwear." (And, yes, we have seen this one!)
Game Notes: Vowels may be added to make up words. For example, the plate "001-LVR" could be read as "Number one lover."
Sweet or Sour
A friendly face!
How to Play: Everyone in the car/RV waves at another person in another car. They must smile and wave at the person for a minute. If that person smiles back, they are "sweet." If they don't, they are "sour." Whoever has the most "sweet" or "sour" people wins!
Game Notes: Every time you get a "sweet" person, you can eat something sweet, like a Jolly Rancher, and every time you get a "sour" person, you eat something sour, like a piece of lemon!
Travel Bingo
A pencil and a sheet of paper for each player with the name of states randomly marked in rows five across and five down like a bingo card
Each card marked differently. Can be prepared ahead of time by a family member.
How to Play: Each player has his or her own bingo card to work from and searches for vehicles with the states on their card. First person to get a row calls bingo. More games can continue by erasing the boxes covered, and four corners, the letter "L" or "T," or blackout can be played, as in regular bingo games.
Game Notes: Road symbols can be used instead of license plates (stop sign, railroad crossing, school zone, pedestrian crossing, etc.).
Treasure Map Game
How to Play: Prior to your trip, Mom or Dad prepares a treasure hunt on an old or unused map. Begin with one place as "Start." Determine where "Finish" will be and write it down separately. Describe points along the way, such as "go north at park," "turn right at bridge," then "take Chester Street," etc. When the kids think they know the "Finish" destination, have them circle it on the map. Then see if they are correct.
Game Notes: If there is more than one player, the kids can make up treasure maps for each other.
Nothing except your ears and mouth
How to Play: The first person says a word that starts with the letter "A" like "apple." The next player will then have to say a word that starts with the last letter of that word, which in this case would be "E," so they could say "elevator." This keeps going until someone gives up.
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"Africa Exporting to China - the easy way"
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Exporting enables companies to diversify their portfolios and to weather changes in the domestic economy.
Stabilized seasonal markets and sales fluctuations.
The opportunity is so great that simply doubling the number of Small- and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) that export to 2 percent worldwide would result in approximately US$400 billion in additional exports and approximately 2 million jobs.


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Q: How I can use a ListView with a default row and can add new rows? I want to use a ListView for my ASP.NET Application and I want if I start the application I the the ListView with one Row and this Row have a few columns with TextBoxes. The Application is for create a device in the active directory and if the user put the data in the first row for a device and the user have a other device, he can click on a symbol to create a second row for the second device. If he click than on the save button the application create entrys in active directory for the two devices.
My Question is now how I can use a Listview with a default row and create a new row if i click on a button. can everyone help me or show me good sites.

A: You should have a look at this article.
Basically, what you will have to do is having your "empty" ListView containing one line with the text input boxes and once the user clicks the "Add" button, you insert a row above that line and clear all input boxes.
BTW, the article show you also how you can edit and delete existing items of the list.

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Apk mods
GTA 5 – Grand Theft Auto download
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Grand Theft Auto is one of the last couple of years' most spectacular and profitable video gaming franchises. On all sorts of platforms, this was a success: Windows, ios, Android, PS3, PS4, Xbox… The open world in which the action takes place, its freedom of movement, its characters and storylines, all made a big success for each of its installments.
GTA V: Back to Los Santos GTA San Andreas's Los Angeles reconstruction once again returns in this GTA 5— Grand Theft Auto, a game in which its three main characters (a swindler, a bank robber, and a psycho) compete with the worst offenders around, crooked U.S. government officials, and showtime corporation. From there on, you know what will happen: crime, the underworld, and a wide universe to discover and where our tasks must be accomplished.
The key features graphics of 4 K performance.
Largest map of all time.
Multiplayer mode for GTA online.
Record games and edit results with the Rockstar Editor to create short videos.
Improvements in how vehicles are driven and in previous versions ' combat and shooting systems.
Professional voice-over artists dubbed the characters.
One of the best features of this new San Andreas is that the gameplay has become much smoother, coming closer to the shooter genre, making the experience much faster and more fluid: more action and less adventure.
Grand Theft Auto 5 has been placed as the second most expensive game ever by the 265 million spent on its development.
GTA Online: Multiplayer mode now with bikers This is the Grand Theft Auto 5 multiplayer mode, which was later included as a patch for the original game, despite initially being developed as a standalone installment. We can play solo in different game modes with the latter against other users or by teams: deathmatch, team deathmatch, missions, last team standing, capture, races… And even a biker gangs situation where the characters fit perfectly.
And if you have trouble trying to complete any of its stages, you can always make use of the countless cheats, advice, guides and codes that you can find on the Internet: it has a very large and active user base. Hopefully the developers will begin to bring out mods to extend the possibilities of the game.
You already know that from the very moment it is launched, GTA 5 for PC will become a classic. So don't hesitate to get hold of the most impressive and flickering action game of the last couple of years.
What's new about the latest release?
Updates to the game mode online.
Requirements and additional information: This is a game that can be downloaded from Steam to pay-to-play.
Antony Peel Antony Peel 9/10 SOFTWARE LANGUAGES AUTHOR Rockstar Games UPDATED This week SIZE 62 GB GTA 5–Grand Theft Auto Cheats GTA 5 Smuggler's Run: can I download it?
No, we can't download the GTA 5 Smuggler's Run as it's a Grand Theft Auto Online expansion. In other words, it's an online version of the game, so it's not like the rest of the games in this series that allow us to download the main title. Though, that doesn't mean we don't need to download a set of files to play this expansion on our computer, but we're not thinking about an EXE file like the rest of the games in any case.
VIEW Depending on each platform, the release date of GTA 5 was different when it was released. With respect to the version of the Windows PC, the latter was released on April 14, 2015. Nevertheless, the PlayStation and Xbox video consoles version has been released earlier, but at different dates depending on which system we are thinking about:
← OpenTable download → Roblox PC Download 2020
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AN week 27
How George Orwell's dystopian novel '1984' illuminates the U.S.'s endless war on terror
One can't help but be reminded of another forever war, the endless shape-shifting struggle fought within the covers of the novel.
Mark Danner
The following is an excerpt from the new book Spiral: Trapped in the Forever War by Mark Danner (Simon & Schuster, 2016):
After all his warnings about defining the war lest it define us, President Obama finds himself alighting on the status quo as the least unattractive option. We go on with our endless war and our unending state of exception. The president has mostly stripped away the politically costly "boots on the ground" conventional wars in favor of his "light footprint," a far-flung anti-terror campaign built of drone strikes and Special Operations Forces raids, to which the air campaign in Iraq and Syria has now been added. Even as the president denounces the specter of "perpetual war," the war machinery whirs along around him and his administration makes plans for precisely that. There is, for example, the "disposition matrix," which, The Washington Post told us in late 2012, "the Obama administration has been secretly developing [as] a new blueprint for pursuing terrorists, a next-generation targeting list" and high-tech database that "goes beyond existing kill lists," and to which "the government expects to continue adding names ... for years." The disposition matrix is a perfect symbol of that "other Obama," the one who, though troubled by the prospect of perpetual war, is troubled more by what seem to be the risks of truly ending it. Bemoan as he might the perpetual war, he has determined to armor himself against the politics of fear, and the result has been a state of exception regularized, legitimized, normalized.
One can't help but be reminded of another forever war, the endless shape-shifting struggle fought within the covers of the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four between the superpowers of Oceania, Eurasia, and East Asia in what was then a distant future. Of this endless struggle, Orwell wrote,
"If we judge it by the standards of previous wars, it is merely an imposture like the battle between certain ruminant animals whose horns are set at such an angle that they are incapable of hurting one another. But though it is unreal, it is not meaningless. It helps to preserve the special mental atmosphere that a hierarchical society needs."
The war on terror is not an imposture. We have seen tanks, artillery, infantry divisions. Though these have largely departed the scene, we know that beyond our ken drones are striking and special operators are raiding. People are dying. But alongside this invisible war stand the ghostly political benefits that Orwell has in mind. War produces fear. But so too does the rhetoric of war. As terrorism's ultimate product is not death or mayhem but fear, the rich political benefits of that most lucrative of political emotions will ultimately be shared, between the terrorists who create it and the political leaders who conduct the fight against them and who, more often than not, attempt to exploit that fear to their own advantage.
For the politician, however, the benefits can be fleeting indeed. We should recall here the true purpose of the "politics of the worst": to instigate "an escalatory spiral," one whose momentum is controlled by the terrorists, not by those who seek to destroy them. To the political leader, this spiral may seem to offer power and political leverage but in the end it may well escape control, for it is governed by reaction, not wise and considered action. As we have seen, such a spiral may lead to policies that, however powerful and dramatic they seem, corrupt our values and undermine our interests. Writing of Nineteen Eighty-Four, the literary critic Irving Howe remarked that
"The book appalls us because its terror, far from being inherent in the human condition, is particular to our century. What haunts us is the sickening awareness that in 1984, Orwell has seized upon those elements of our public life that, given courage and intelligence, were avoidable."
Certainly we are not living in anything like the totalitarian state painted so vividly in Nineteen Eighty-Four, but we do find ourselves in a parallel situation particular to our new century: under the influence of a worldwide war on terror unbounded in space and time, trapped in a state of exception the end of which we cannot see. And surely those scenes from the black sites are, as Howe said of the world of Nineteen Eighty-Four, "elements of our public life that, given courage and intelligence, were avoidable." What it took to avoid them at the time was, indeed, courage and intelligence. We did not get these from our leaders.
The politics of fear was used to great advantage during the Bush years, and its influence remains strongly with us. In the event of another devastating attack it may well grow stronger. Perhaps, with diligence and wise policy and a good bit of luck, we will be able to avoid this. I hope so. For when I hear the former vice president speak of the necessity of torture and criticize as foolish and reckless those who renounce its use, I hear the distant stirrings of that whirlwind.
In the end it is the power of the politics of fear that keeps us imprisoned in the state of exception. It is easier to let stand or expand a fourteen-year-old authorization for the use of military force than it is to repeal it. In the end it is impossible to legislate courage and intelligence in our public life. But only with these can we avoid being swept deeper into that cycle of fear if and when the next attack comes. Meanwhile the one element that since ancient Rome all states of exception have shared - that they come to an end - remains wanting in ours. In this forever war, what was the exceptional has become the normal. The improvisations of panic are the reality of our daily lives.
From SPRIAL: TRAPPED IN THE FOREVER WAR by Mark Danner. Copyright © 2016 by Mark Danner. Reprinted by AlterNet by permission of Simon & Schuster, Inc.
Ander Nieuws week 27


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AIChE – A Defining Experience
PlusOne, Chemical Engineering/Engineering Management
It's rewarding to see people on e-board grow and show passion.
The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), which was chartered all the way back in 1938, has been growing in the last few years under the tutelage of current student president Alexis Laundry. So much so that the chapter was named an Outstanding Student Chapter for the 2017–2018 school year and was awarded it at the 2018 AIChE Annual Meeting in fall 2018 in Pittsburgh.
The student branch, which is part of a much bigger international organization, focuses on connecting students with helpful university faculty and staff, potential employers, alumni and professional engineers and other students. AIChE accomplishes this by running several events throughout the year, including a joint career fair with the Biomedical Engineering Society (which features companies such as Bristol Myers Squibb, Lockheed Martin, and many others) which attracts over 150 people, alumni panels where former students come in and talk about their experiences professionally and how co-op helped them, weekly meetings and different periodical social events.
"One of the annual social events that we put on is the College of Engineering (COE) Jamboree, which is a social event," said Laundry. "We try to get as many COE or STEM student groups as possible and we all get together for a day of games and fun community bonding. It goes beyond just chemical engineering students."
AIChE also has a sub-group called ChemE Car, which competes in a national competition to build and operate a chemically powered vehicle.
For President Laundry, the club's recent success has been due to a shift in the organization's ideology and a change in its constitution, which was written about in an essay the group submitted for the Outstanding Student Chapter award.
"We wanted to improve relationships with departments here, the different colleges on campus and other student groups. We worked to make sure people knew the club existed," said Laundry. "On other campuses, AIChE was more important. We wanted to make it an integral part here at Northeastern and we wanted members to keep coming back. We've focused heavily on freshman recruitment and retention."
While the group is still heavily focused on professional development and co-op placement, it became more interactive and involved for those who wanted to seek leadership roles. The club has 12 e-board positions, all unique in what each officer does. To run for election for one of the different positions, members are highly recommended to serve on committees, and are even required to for certain positions. Laundry credits the e-board and adviser, Professor Pfluger, for reasons why the club has achieved the heights it currently is at.
Laundry herself has found success both inside and outside of the club. Laundry, a Chemical Engineering major with a minor in Law and Public Policy, is in her second year as president of AIChE. She recently was awarded the 2017–2018 Donald F. & Mildred Topp Othmer Scholarship Award, which are presented to students on the basis of academic achievement and involvement in AIChE's student chapter activities. But to her, the scholarship is just one part of what has overall been a rewarding dedication.
"It's rewarding to see people on e-board grow and show passion," said Laundry. "It's also exciting to see a great number of younger students getting involved and sharing the same attitude. My co-op's have lived up to my expectations to get experience, but it hasn't been my defining experience at Northeastern. AIChE is. I want to make sure whoever takes over as president after me is as passionate as I am."
Laundry and other members of the e-board will be presenting a workshop on how to run a career fair at AIChE's aforementioned national conference.
Alexis Laundry is pictured second from right.
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Those familiar with Gebo Standard and the (discontinued) FlushLine portlights will recognise immediately the same qualities in the Econoline range. The same high quality, non-corrosive materials. The same meticulous attention to detail. The same easy-installation design.
Compare a Gebo Econoline portlight to other commonly specified portlights of a similar price, and you'll notice distinct differences. For example, the Econoline portlight lid is formed not out of 6mm or 8mm acrylic, but of ultra-tough 10mm acrylic. Multi-position Gebo stepless hinges are used in order to provide maximum flexibility for the user.
Whereas some comparable portlights come in kit form, with many pieces to install and fiddly trims to cut to size, Econoline Portlights feature the Gebo unique clamp system for the fastest, neatest finish. Each Econoline Portlight is supplied with an aperture template to aid fitting. Gebo's unique clamp system eliminates the need for hole drilling. For a perfect fit, you simply screw the inner rim onto the back of the outer frame from the inside.
Fixed Gebo Econoline portlights are CE Approved for Category A, Areas 1, 2, 3 & 4.
Opening Gebo Econoline portlights are CE Approved for Category A, Areas 2, 3 & 4.
Each Gebo Econoline portlight is supplied with an aperture template to aid fitting. Gebo's unique clamp system eliminates the need for hole drilling. For a perfect fit you simply screw the inner rim onto the back of the outer frame from the inside.
Portlights should be fitted to a flat surface with a maximum tolerance of 1mm.
Gebo clamp system Econoline portlights are suitable for wall thicknesses of between 4 and 20mm.
The Econoline design is recommended for building in the deck, coachroof, cockpit and transom. For applications in the hull, please use the Gebo Standard (rectangular and circular ended) portlights.


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Hein Driessen (* 2. Oktober 1932 in Emmerich) ist ein deutscher Maler.

Leben

Hein Driessen besuchte die private Hochschule für bildende Kunst in Essen und die Werkkunstschule Düsseldorf. 1955 wurde er mit dem Bundespreis der Werkschulen Deutschlands ausgezeichnet. Danach wurde er mit Werken für den öffentlichen Raum in der Region Niederrhein bekannt. Mit seiner Kunst in Form von Mosaiken, Plastiken und Keramikarbeiten hat Driessen Spuren unter anderem in Krefeld, Neuss, Wesel und Xanten hinterlassen und wandte sich daraufhin vermehrt der Landschaftsmalerei zu.

Seit den 1980er Jahren betrieb Driessen eine Galerie in Cala Figuera auf Mallorca, die später von dem mallorquinischen Maler Jesus Carmargo übernommen wurde. 1996 reiste er im Auftrag des Bundesverteidigungsministeriums mit dem Segelschulschiff Gorch Fock um Fotos, Aquarelle und Zeichnungen zu erstellen. Bekannt wurden Driessens Werke auch durch seine Mitwirkung an mehreren Büchern Hanns Dieter Hüschs.

Werke

Literatur

Weblinks

 Offizielle Homepage von Hein Driessen
 Ein von Hein Driessen künstlerisch gestaltetes Buch Hanns Dieter Hüschs

Maler (Deutschland)
Zeitgenössischer Künstler
Deutscher
Geboren 1932
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Justia Forms Business Contracts Garmin Ltd. Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement pursuant to the
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement pursuant to the Garmin Ltd. 2011 Non-Employee Directors Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated on February 15, 2019
EX-10.64 4 s116041_ex10-64.htm EXHIBIT 10.64
2011 NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTORS' EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
as amended and restated on February 15, 2019
RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT
To: _______________________ ("you" or the "Grantee")
Date of Grant: _______________________
Notice of Grant:
You have been granted restricted stock units ("RSUs") relating to the shares, CHF 0.10 par value per share, of Garmin Ltd. ("Shares"), subject to the terms and conditions of the Garmin Ltd. 2011 Non-Employee Directors' Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated on February 15, 2019 (the "Plan"), and the Award Agreement between you and Garmin Ltd. (the "Company"), attached as Exhibit A. Accordingly, provided you satisfy the conditions set forth in this Notice of Grant and Exhibit A, the Company agrees to pay you Shares as follows:
Number of RSUs Granted Date Payable
Date Grantee Must Be
a Director To Receive Award
__________ Shares __________ ______________
In order to fully understand your rights under the Plan (a copy of which is attached) and the Award Agreement (the "Award Agreement"), attached as Exhibit A, you are encouraged to read the Plan and this document carefully. Please refer to the Plan document for the definition of capitalized terms used in this Agreement.
By accepting these RSUs, you are also agreeing to be bound by Exhibit A.
Name: Clifton A. Pemble
Grantee:
Date:______________________
AGREEMENT:
In consideration of the mutual promises and covenants contained herein and other good and valuable consideration paid by the Grantee to the Company, the Grantee and the Company agree as follows:
1. Incorporation of Plan
All provisions of this Award Agreement and the rights of the Grantee hereunder are subject in all respects to the provisions of the Plan and the powers of the Board therein provided. Capitalized terms used in this Award Agreement but not defined shall have the meaning set forth in the Plan.
2. Grant of RSUs
As of the Date of Grant identified above, the Company grants to you, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein and in the Plan, the opportunity to receive that number of unrestricted Shares identified below the heading "Number of RSUs Granted" on the Notice of Grant (the "RSUs"). Provided you are a member of the Company's Board of Directors (and at all times since the Date of Grant have been a member of the Company's Board of Directors) and unless your right to receive the RSUs has been forfeited pursuant to Section 3 below, then (subject to Section 11 below) you will be paid a number of unrestricted Shares equal to the number of RSUs on the date identified below the heading "Date Payable" on the Notice of Grant. If the date under "Date Payable" is a Saturday or Sunday or any other non-business day, then you will be paid the Shares payable on that date on the next business day.
3. Effect of Termination of Affiliation
If you have a Termination of Affiliation for any reason, the effect of such Termination of Affiliation on all or any portion of the RSUs is as provided below.
4. If you have a Termination of Affiliation on account of death, Disability, retirement on or after attaining Mandatory Retirement Age, a "Retirement" as defined below, or your removal by the Company other than for Cause (including without limitation the Company's decision not to slate you for reelection), your RSUs that were forfeitable immediately before such Termination of Affiliation, if any, shall thereupon become nonforfeitable and the Company shall, promptly settle all RSUs by delivery to you (or, after your death, to your personal representative or designated beneficiary) a number of unrestricted Shares equal to the aggregate number of your remaining RSUs. A "Retirement" for purposes of this Award Agreement means the Grantee's ceasing to be a member of the Company's Board of Directors other than for Cause after 5 years of service on the Board
5. If you have a Termination of Affiliation for Cause or for any reason other than under the circumstances described immediately above in Section 3(a) (including without limitation your failure to be reelected to the Company's Board of Directors, your voluntary resignation or your failure to run for reelection to the Company's Board of Directors), your RSUs, to the extent forfeitable immediately before such Termination of Affiliation, shall thereupon automatically be forfeited and you shall have no further rights under this Award Agreement.
6. Investment Intent
The Grantee agrees that the Shares acquired pursuant to the vesting of one or more tranches of RSUs shall be acquired for his/her own account for investment only and not with a view to, or for resale in connection with, any distribution or public offering thereof within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933 (the "1933 Act") or other applicable securities laws. The Company may, but in no event shall be required to, bear any expenses of complying with the 1933 Act, other applicable securities laws or the rules and regulations of any national securities exchange or other regulatory authority in connection with the registration, qualification, or transfer, as the case may be, of this Award Agreement or any Shares acquired hereunder. The foregoing restrictions on the transfer of the Shares shall be inoperative if (a) the Company previously shall have been furnished with an opinion of counsel, satisfactory to it, to the effect that such transfer will not involve any violation of the 1933 Act and other applicable securities laws or (b) the Shares shall have been duly registered in compliance with the 1933 Act and other applicable state or federal securities laws. If this Award Agreement, or the Shares subject to this Award Agreement, are so registered under the 1933 Act, the Grantee agrees that he will not make a public offering of the said Shares except on a national securities exchange on which the shares of the Company are then listed.
7. Nontransferability of RSUs
No rights under this Award Agreement relating to the RSUs may be sold, transferred, pledged, assigned, or otherwise alienated or hypothecated, including, unless specifically approved by the Company, any purported transfer to a current spouse or former spouse in connection with a legal separation or divorce proceeding. All rights with respect to the RSUs granted to the Grantee shall be available during his or her lifetime only to the Grantee.
8. Status of the Grantee
The Grantee shall not be deemed a shareholder of the Company with respect to any of the Shares subject to this Award Agreement until such time as the underlying Shares shall have been issued to him or her. The Company shall not be required to issue or transfer any Shares pursuant to this Award Agreement until all applicable requirements of law have been complied with and such Shares shall have been duly listed on any securities exchange on which the Shares may then be listed. Grantee (a) is not entitled to receive any dividends or dividend equivalents, whether such dividends would be paid in cash or in kind, or receive any other distributions made with respect to the RSUs and (b) does not have nor may he or she exercise any voting rights with respect to any of the RSUs, in both cases (a) and (b) above, unless and until the actual Shares underlying the RSUs have been delivered pursuant to this Award Agreement.
9. No Effect on Capital Structure
This Award Agreement shall not affect the right of the Company to reclassify, recapitalize or otherwise change its capital or debt structure or to merge, consolidate, convey any or all of its assets, dissolve, liquidate, windup, or otherwise reorganize.
10. Adjustments
Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary, in the event of any change in the number of outstanding Shares effected without receipt of consideration therefor by the Company, by reason of a merger, reorganization, consolidation, recapitalization, separation, liquidation, stock dividend, stock split, share combination or other change in the corporate structure of the Company affecting the Shares, the aggregate number and class of Shares subject to this Award Agreement shall be automatically adjusted to accurately and equitably reflect the effect thereon of such change; provided, however, that any fractional share resulting from such adjustment shall be eliminated. In the event of a dispute concerning such adjustment, the decision of the Board shall be conclusive.
This Award Agreement may be amended only by a writing executed by the Company and the Grantee which specifically states that it is amending this Award Agreement; provided that this Award Agreement is subject to the power of the Board to amend the Plan as provided therein. Except as otherwise provided in the Plan, no such amendment shall materially adversely affect the Grantee's rights under this Award Agreement without the Grantee's consent.
12. Board Authority
Any questions concerning the interpretation of this Award Agreement, any adjustments required to be made under Sections 9 or 10 of this Award Agreement, and any controversy which arises under this Award Agreement shall be settled by the Board in its sole discretion.
13. Withholding
To the extent applicable under applicable tax laws, whenever Shares are to be delivered to you upon payment of this Award (the date such Shares are delivered to you is hereinafter referred to as the "Tax Date"), the Company shall be entitled to require and may accommodate your request if so requested, to satisfy all Federal and Cantonal withholding taxes, including Social Security taxes related thereto, by one or a combination of the following methods:
14. (a) Your payment of an amount in cash equal to the amount to be withheld;
15. (b) Withholding from those Shares that would otherwise be delivered to you under the Award a number of Shares having a Fair Market Value on the Tax Date equal to the amount to be withheld; or
16. (c) Withholding from compensation otherwise due to you.
Any fractional share amount and any additional withholding not paid by the withholding or surrender of Shares must be paid in cash. If no timely election is made, the Grantee must deliver cash to satisfy all tax withholding requirements.
Whenever any notice is required or permitted hereunder, such notice must be given in writing by (a) personal delivery, or (b) expedited, recognized delivery service with proof of delivery, or (c) United States Mail, postage prepaid, certified mail, return receipt requested, or (d) telecopy or email (provided that the telecopy or email is confirmed). Any notice required or permitted to be delivered hereunder shall be deemed to be delivered on the date which it was personally delivered, sent to the intended addressee, or, whether actually received or not, on the third business day after it is deposited in the United States mail, certified or registered, postage prepaid, addressed to the person who is to receive it at the address which such person has theretofore specified by written notice delivered in accordance herewith. The Company or the Grantee may change, at any time and from time to time, by written notice to the other, the address specified for receiving notices. Until changed in accordance herewith, the Company's address for receiving notices shall be Garmin Ltd., Attention: General Counsel, Mühlentalstrasse 2, 8200 Schaffhausen, Switzerland. Unless changed, the Grantee's address for receiving notices shall be the last known address of the Grantee on the Company's records. It shall be the Grantee's sole responsibility to notify the Company as to any change in his or her address. Such notification shall be made in accordance with this Section 12.
If any part of this Award Agreement is declared by any court or governmental authority to be unlawful or invalid, such unlawfulness or invalidity shall not serve to invalidate any part of this Award Agreement not declared to be unlawful or invalid. Any part so declared unlawful or invalid shall, if possible, be construed in a manner which gives effect to the terms of such part to the fullest extent possible while remaining lawful and valid.
19. Binding Effect
This Award Agreement shall bind, and, except as specifically provided herein, shall inure to the benefit of the respective heirs, legal representatives, successors and assigns of the parties hereto.
This Award Agreement and the rights of all persons claiming hereunder shall be construed and determined in accordance with the laws of the State of Kansas without giving effect to the principles of the Conflict of Laws to the contrary. Except as otherwise provided by mandatory forum requirements of the applicable law, the courts of the State of Kansas shall have exclusive jurisdiction with regard to any disputes under the Plan. The Company shall retain, however, in addition the right to bring any claim in any other appropriate forum.


text:
December 2004/January 2005 / Feature
Who Controls Canada's Arctic?
Spies, submarines, and foreign ships may signal that our claim to the North is melting
December 12, 2004 July 17, 2017 - by Andrea Mandel-CampbellAndrea Mandel-Campbell Updated 15:44, Jul. 17, 2017 | Published 4:22, Dec. 12, 2004
Satellite view of Baffin Island and the Parry Phannel / Image courtesy of NASA (Jacques Descloitres, Modis Land rapid response team, NASA/GSFC)
On this sun-dappled day the picturesque hamlet of Pangnirtung shimmers in the Arctic light—its raw beauty undisturbed except for the occasional whir of motorboats as Inuit fishermen check their weirs for pink-fleshed Arctic char or prowl the freezing aquamarine waters of Cumberland Sound for beluga whales. The village of 1,500 just south of the Arctic Circle appears as remote and impenetrable as it did centuries ago when intrepid explorers first tackled towering ice ridges and treacherous straits in search of the elusive Northwest Passage, and the wealth they believed lay beyond it.
Buffeted by blistering winds and bound in ice and mist for much of the year, outsiders are rarely seen in Pangnirtung. So word quickly spread when a hardy-looking kayaker suddenly appeared in the village wearing only a pair of shorts, despite the sub-zero weather. The military believes the mysterious stranger was actually a spy sent to do reconnaissance prior to the arrival of French President Jacques Chirac, who visited Pangnirtung as a guest of then-Prime Minister Jean Chrétien in September 1999.
The alleged agent was followed by a number of other strange sightings. rcmp officers reported seeing a large, V-shaped wake, while Inuit hunters described a conning tower matching a submarine class used by only two countries: France and the US. And an Inuit woman travelling on a fishing boat recounted how she suddenly came eye-to-eye with a frogman in scuba gear floating near the shore.
Long-range Aurora patrol aircraft were dispatched to hunt for the sub, but could not confirm there were any intruders. All this left many in the village uneasy about going out on the water. "We feel invaded," says Peter Kilabuk, wearing the trademark red ball cap and sweatshirt of the Canadian Rangers, a primarily native militia, as he prepared to head out on patrol in August. "Either the government is not telling us what threats there are in our own waters, or no one has the means of protecting our waters."
The suspicious events in Cumberland Sound added to the growing belief at National Defence headquarters in Ottawa that even in the post-Cold War era, the Arctic continues to be the scene of international intrigue. Now, instead of Soviet and US missile-equipped nuclear subs shadowing one another under the polar ice cap, the looming threat comes from foreign governments, including the US and European Union, who do not recognize Canada's fragile claim to the Northwest Passage, snaking through the resource-rich Arctic Archipelago.
Some of the foreign intrusions into the archipelago have been conducted like military exercises. In the summer of 2002 and again in 2003, the Danish government sent a frigate, its hull reinforced to withstand heavy ice, to Hans Island, a lonely piece of rock in Kennedy Channel running between Greenland and Ellesmere Island. On both occasions, marines were put ashore where they erected Danish flags and left plaques declaring ownership of the outcrop—a desolate site, but one that is located in the centre of a rich fishing ground, under which may lie part of the region's vast energy resources, estimated to contain more than 4.7-billion barrels of oil and forty trillion cubic feet of natural gas.
The military has begun responding to the growing challenges on Canada's northern frontier. In August, six hundred soldiers, sailors, and airmen travelled to Pangnirtung to take part in Exercise Narwhal, the first time all three branches came together for a joint initiative that anyone in the area can recall. To increase surveillance, unmanned drones and new satellite technology were tested. The army also plans to continue its Arctic initiative with a similar but larger exercise in 2006. With growing foreign interest in the resource-rich North, the Liberal government promised in October's Throne Speech to develop a comprehensive strategy to protect Canadian sovereignty and boost development in the region. "If Canada is not in a position to offer protection, then somebody else will be doing it," says Defence Minister Bill Graham. "It's our country, it's our responsibility, and we will fulfill our responsibility."
But there's one more threat to Canadian sovereignty in the region that no amount of defence action can avoid: global warming. Over the past three decades ice ridges have thinned by up to 40 percent, while the ice cap's surface cover has been receding by 3 percent a decade. The once-impenetrable Northwest Passage could be ice-free and open to shipping in the summer months by the middle of the century. If, as expected, shipping does increase, some analysts believe Canada's claim to the Arctic is so weak that it will have no choice but to allow passage. Each vessel moving through, will, in effect, carry away a piece of the nation's claim to the Arctic. "My worry is, when global warming takes effect, the Northwest Passage is going to be freed up," says Conservative defence critic Gordon O'Connor. "A number of countries are going to say it's an international passage and we could start losing our sovereignty over pieces of the Arctic."
The Arctic has long been embedded in Canada's national mythology, its brutal beauty tightly bound to the country's identity as the "true north, strong and free." It began in 1670 when King Charles II granted a Royal Order to the Hudson's Bay Company, giving it title to Rupert's Land, essentially Hudson's Bay and its watershed. In 1821, title was expanded to include what is now the Northwest Territories and Nunavut south of the Arctic Islands. The Hudson's Bay Company signed over sovereignty of its lands to Canada in 1869. Then, in 1880, after numerous entreaties from Britain, Canada, a thirteen-year-old nation of four million people, finally agreed to take stewardship over the still unexplored Arctic Archipelago.
Until then, the quest to unlock the secrets of the far north had largely been a British imperative. The names of bold explorers such as Henry Hudson, Martin Frobisher, and William Baffin—men determined to find a northern sea route linking Europe and Asia—grace the rough-hewn islands and frozen channels.
But with no way of upholding its claim to the Arctic, Canada was soon challenged by Scandinavian explorers, including Norway's legendary Roald Amundsen. In 1906, he completed the first successful transit of the Northwest Passage, having entered Lancaster Sound in the Eastern Arctic in a refitted, steam-powered herring boat, the Gjoa, and emerging one thousand days, and more than three thousand kilometres later, battered but alive, in Alaska. He was followed in 1909 by American Robert E. Peary, believed to be the first person to reach the North Pole.
As Amundsen moved through the passage and Peary raced to the Pole, Canada was desperately trying to claim sovereignty, sending Captain Joseph-Elzéar Bernier on numerous trips to the North between 1906 and 1911 in his ship The Arctic. Accompanied by scientists and prospectors, Bernier collected licence fees and duties from whalers. His lasting legacy: a bronze plaque that he hammered into the frozen tundra on Melville Island on July 1, 1909, officially claiming the Archipelago for Canada.
The rcmp also carried the flag into the north, policing and visiting remote communities. In 1942, Henry Larsen, a Norwegian-born rcmp officer, became only the second person to conquer the passage. It took him almost two years, but he finally made it through on the St. Roch, a schooner with a hull made of thick Douglas fir.
Canada's claim was challenged again after the Second World War when the American military moved into the Arctic to build bases and the Distance Early Warning Line, a string of radar stations designed to detect incoming Soviet bombers and ballistic missiles. The American presence expanded so rapidly that, according to cabinet notes from 1953, Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent was worried about a "de facto exercise of US Sovereignty" in the region.
In that same year, several Inuit families were moved by ship from northern Quebec to Grise Fiord and Resolute Bay, about 1,500 kilometres south of the North Pole. The government claimed they were being moved because they faced starvation, but many of those making the journey believed they were used as human flagpoles. "I'm convinced the main reason was sovereignty," says John Amagoalik, a tall, wiry Inuk who was five when his family was left on a gravel beach in Resolute Bay. "Many of us felt the government couldn't assert sovereignty, and it had to depend on a small group of Inuit. We've made a contribution to this country."
If the Inuit were indeed being used strategically during the Cold War, then Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut, is perhaps the most enduring legacy of that American presence. The windswept town of six thousand is the site of a former US military base, which operated on-and-off between 1942 and 1963. Remnants of the base, including old hangars, are still used, and the former barracks now serves as a residence for Nunavut Arctic College.
Throughout this period, Ottawa largely neglected the region's sparse aboriginal population, which suffered from rampant tuberculosis, lack of housing, and even starvation. The dire situation facing the Inuit forced St. Laurent to admit at the time that Ottawa had "administered these vast territories of the north in an almost continuing state of absence of mind."
For many, John Diefenbaker was the first, and last, prime minister to offer a strategic plan for the Arctic. In a speech he gave in Winnipeg in 1958, Diefenbaker outlined his northern vision, which included highways, the development of natural resources, and scientific research. "I see a new Canada—a Canada of the North," he declared. He succeeded to a degree, beginning construction of the seven hundred kilometre Dempster Highway, running from Dawson City to Inuvik, and launching what became known as a golden age in Arctic science and research during the 1960s and 1970s.
Since the early 1980s, however, Canada's underfunded programs in Arctic research have lagged behind most other northern nations, says David Hik, a University of Alberta biologist and leading expert on northern ecology. In fact, just as international interest in the Arctic is growing as a result of climate change, Canada's aging scientific infrastructure is crumbling, and a number of research stations have been mothballed.
Even such unlikely countries as China and South Korea have Arctic research programs. Canada, in contrast, is the only major polar country without a dedicated Arctic research institute. "We are one of the most significant northern nations, yet we don't have a plan, or any obvious interest, and we haven't made strategic investments," says Hik. "This is our security, and this is our future over the next century. A country can't live one hundred miles from the border. If we think that's the extent of our land base, then I don't think that's much of a future."
But most Canadians do live within one hundred miles (160 kilometres) of the border, and are more obsessed with US trade and culture than a dwindling scientific and military presence in the North. For most, the Arctic remains an imagined place far from their daily realities. "We are not an Arctic nation, except in a mystical sense, as part of our greatness by extension, our grandeur as a people. We still don't go there," says Franklyn Griffiths, professor emeritus of political science and the George Ignatieff Chair of Peace and Conflict Studies at the University of Toronto. "We are anaesthetized to it, except when it comes to reading coffee-table books and seeing beautiful pictures."
As global warming continues, and the ice bridging the islands of the Arctic Archipelago begins to melt, a viable Northwest Passage may become a distinct possibility. At the same time, international interest in the region's oil and gas reserves is growing.
Ottawa's problem is that under international law, a strait is defined by two criteria: one geographic and one functional. The former criterion states that a strait must link two separate international bodies of water. The Northwest Passage, running between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, would almost certainly meet this criterion once the ice recedes. The latter criterion states that international ships have to be using the channel. If Canada wants to claim the passage as an internal waterway, it will have to demonstrate that it has control over international shipping in the area, a task that will become increasingly difficult as the ice in the region continues to melt and more ships arrive.
The day of reckoning may be closer than many Canadians believe. According to the Canadian Ice Service, ice coverage in the eastern half of the Archipelago decreased by 15 percent between 1969 and 2004, and in some parts of the Western Arctic it shrank by a startling 36 percent. A study published in August by the Swedish Geophysical Society reported that the warming trend had accelerated since the 1990s, with 2002 marking the lowest ice cover on record.
That same year, the St. Roch II, an aluminum-hulled rcmp patrol boat, glided through the strait on a commemorative journey honouring the original St. Roch. The ease with which the St. Roch II was able to navigate the once-deadly passage is seen as further proof that a coming wave of international shipping through the archipelago is inevitable. The opening of the Northwest Passage could be the most significant change to ocean transportation since the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914. It would shave five thousand nautical miles off current routes between Europe and Asia, points out Rob Huebert, associate director of the Centre for Military and Strategic Studies at the University of Calgary. The passage's deep waterways would provide two ideal routes for massive super tankers too big to cross the Panama Canal, and are currently forced to round the southern tip of South America to reach Asia.
To date, the majority of new shipping activity in the Arctic involves cruise ships. But the relentless push by international shipping companies to find cheaper routes, combined with US insistence on its right to freedom of navigation around the globe, could mean an increasing number of foreign ships will ply the passage uncontested, leaving Canada to grapple with search-and-rescue and environmental fallout. "The problem is very significant," says Huebert. "The heart of the dispute over the passage is the transit of international shipping and who gets to set the rules."
The rules for Arctic shipping were unofficially established by the US in 1969 when the 114,000-ton super tanker, the Manhattan, pushed through the strait to test the feasibility of transporting oil through the Arctic. In 1985, the Polar Sea, a US Coast Guard icebreaker, made the crossing without asking Canada's permission, prompting Joe Clark, then minister of external affairs, to restate Canada's sovereignty over the archipelago in a parliamentary decree. His government also pledged to build new icebreakers as well as spend up to $12 billion on a fleet of nuclear-powered submarines. Both plans were eventually scrapped.
The Polar Sea crossing also triggered a major diplomatic push. In 1988, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and US President Ronald Reagan signed the Arctic Co-operation Agreement, just three years after they sang together on stage at the Shamrock Summit in Quebec City. The agreement allows the US Coast Guard to use the passage after notifying Ottawa, but Canada in turn cannot deny the Americans access. The president also refused to include the US Navy in any agreement regulating Arctic waters.
Now, the Pentagon is looking north again with an eye to constructing a missile-defence shield across the Arctic. At the same time, successive budget cuts have debilitated the Canadian military. Its once internationally recognized prowess in cold-weather warfare is now almost non-existent. Stretched to the brink with competing international commitments, most Canadian soldiers are now more familiar with places like Afghanistan than the Arctic.
Canada's token presence in the North consists of Canadian Forces Northern Area Headquarters in Yellowknife, with a staff of 150, and two smaller detachments in Whitehorse and Iqaluit respectively to cover a four-million-square-kilometre territory. The navy has no ships with ice-breaking capability, and air patrols occur only a few times a year. Surveillance of the region is left to five Coast Guard icebreakers, scattered rcmp detachments, and 1,400 Inuit Aboriginal Rangers, still equipped with vintage Second World War rifles.
The Coast Guard is so stretched in the North that when a cruise ship ran aground in 1996 east of Cambridge Bay, its passengers were rescued by another cruise ship which happened to be in the area. More recently, during Exercise Narwhal, the navy frigate hmcs Montreal reportedly discovered a sizable, untraceable oil slick at the entrance to Frobisher Bay. "There is a feeling among the majority of people up here that there will be a major disaster before something is done," said Colonel Pierre Leblanc, former commander of Canadian Forces Northern Area. "Small smouldering fires usually erupt into flames."
The lack of military capability in the Arctic will not help Canada's historical claim to the passage if challenged in the International Court of Justice, a United Nations body headquartered in The Hague. According to Donat Pharand, a leading international lawyer in Ottawa, historical claims hold little weight unless backed by the ability to exert exclusive control over the strait in question, and are further supported by other countries with an interest in the area. In his book Canada's Arctic Waters in International Law, Pharand wrote: "It's highly doubtful that Canada could succeed in proving that the waters of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago are historical internal waters over which it has complete sovereignty."
The US, the European Union, and much of the rest of the world would probably oppose Canada's claim because they firmly believe the passage is actually an international strait.
Canada undermined its own position in 1969, adds Huebert, when it allowed the Manhattan to transit the passage. Ottawa, he says, "pretended the US asked permission" and sent a Canadian icebreaker to accompany the tanker. But when two barges belonging to an oil exploration company filled with aviation fuel sank in the strait directly in front of the Manhattan, the government didn't demand that the tanker turn around. Instead, scuba divers cleared a path for the tanker by anchoring the barges to the sea floor.
By comparison, the Soviet Union extracted a much higher price from the US when America sent icebreakers into the Soviet-controlled Northeast Passage in 1967 in an attempt to establish the route as an international strait. Instead of co-operating, the Russians sent warships to greet the US icebreakers, which refused to acknowledge Russian sovereignty but retreated from the area. "The Russians have taken steps to assert sovereignty and control," says Huebert. "We haven't. We've never spent the necessary resources to display to the international community our unquestionable control."
Griffiths believes the Americans could win a legal challenge but are unlikely to initiate one because they would not want to provoke the ire of Canada, which has been a close ally in America's Arctic and North American defence strategy (with Ottawa now expected to support the new US missile defence system). To support his argument for continued co-operation between Ottawa and Washington, Griffiths points to the Arctic Co-operation Agreement, which he says strengthened Canada's claim to the Arctic because the US agreed to advise Canadian authorities prior to transit through the passage.
Nevertheless, by making Arctic reporting requirements voluntary, Canada has been careful not to trigger a formal US challenge in International Court. For example, the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act was drawn up in direct response to the Manhattan's voyage. But the act is enforced only with ships that voluntarily report in—a fact, say analysts, which dramatically reveals the weakness in Canada's claim.
Ottawa's tenuous grip on the Arctic was bluntly summed up by Coast Guard officials in Iqaluit, who remain tight-lipped about an apparent intrusion into Canadian Arctic waters by a foreign vessel this past summer. "Anybody can come in and do whatever they want," said one of the officials. "You have to wonder."
Ultimately, adds Huebert, the Northwest Passage may fall under the auspices of an international regime, similar to the Kyoto Protocol. Such a pact would not necessarily be a bad thing for Canada, argues Huebert, as long as the country is in a position to take a leading role in enforcing environmental regulations, ship safety, and security issues, and promoting the economic well-being of the Inuit. "We can do this through an international agreement," he says. "But the key is being ahead of the curve. We need to be in a strong negotiating position to ensure our interests are protected."
As academics and politicians debate sovereignty and the future of the passage, the Inuit take their claim to the Arctic as immutable. Bound to the tundra and ice, they have eked out an existence from the harsh and unforgiving land for thousands of years. After more than twenty years of negotiations, their claim was finally recognized in 1999 with the creation of Nunavut, which translates from Inuktituk to mean "our land."
With just 27,000 people spread out over nearly two million square kilometres, the Inuit represent perhaps Canada's most compelling legal claim to the Arctic. As Joe Clark pointed out in his 1985 sovereignty decree, they have inhabited the region since time immemorial. "There is no such thing as [sovereignty on] thin ice, we are as deep as the land we stand on, and as concrete as the rocks," says Kilabuk, the Pangnirtung Ranger who is also the local representative to the Nunavut legislature. "We are on solid ground. This is our land."
Yet, he argues, the Inuit are not being treated as full partners when it comes to issues such as sovereignty and security. The Nunavut land-claims agreement precludes the Inuit from any significant involvement in the management of Arctic waters, while resource development remains largely under federal jurisdiction. "We need to be participants in discussions that may require our input, like security, or monitoring activity," asserts Kilabuk.
To right what Griffiths calls Ottawa's "two-faced approach to sovereignty," he advocates the establishment of a consultative committee for the archipelago similar in design to the Arctic Council, a Canadian-inspired international body, which brings together the world's eight circumpolar countries and aboriginal groups. The committee would serve as a forum for government departments to consult with the Inuit on such issues as shipping and seabed mapping. "We should be taking the lead from the Inuit," says Griffiths. "They are asking for enforcement rather than an abstract idea of sovereignty—that the ice is not disturbed, that the marine mammals not be scared away. Hardly anyone is talking about that."
Economic issues as well as environmental issues trouble the people of Nunavut. Most of the region's remote communities are located on the water, yet there is not a single deep-water harbour. Cargo ships must anchor far from shore and barges are sent to unload shipments during high tide, an expensive exercise that sends the prohibitive cost of living even higher.
Tragically, Nunavut also suffers from the highest suicide rate in the country, with one every ten days. Owing to an acute housing shortage, residents say up to fifteen family members have been known to live in one house. "The government has forgotten about the Arctic," says John Amagoalik, who has spearheaded a decades-long fight for government recognition of the mishandled resettlement of the Quebec Inuit. "When we've tried to approach them for things like housing or economic development the attitude is 'you've got Nunavut, so leave us alone.' "
In contrast, Russia maintains year-round navigation through its northern sea route and, unlike Canada, has been actively promoting its use. Decaying in infrastructure is being overhauled while oil exploration efforts have ramped up along the northern coast. Even more striking is the difference between Nunavut and Greenland, which is dramatically more developed with deep-water harbours in all major towns.
Griffiths says the issues facing the North raise a number of troubling question that will not be easily answered. "Instead of sovereignty on thinning ice," he says, "the question we need to ask is—what is our ambition? Why and where do we want to apply our imagination and energy? In truth, if there's no real ambition, no amount of sovereignty talk will make up for that."
Meanwhile, in Pangnirtung, the mystery of the foreign submarines remains unsolved. According to confidential defence reports, obtained through the Access to Information Act, foreign subs operating near Pangnirtung in 1999 "caused great uneasiness within the community and most inhabitants have refused to go out on the water." Local residents can always tell when the submarines are around, says Simeonie Keenainak, a member of the Pangnirtung Rangers, because seals and whales suddenly crowd into the harbours. "They get scared," says Keenainak. "They can't stand the submarine depth sounder."
Still, a new sense of urgency seems to be coming from Ottawa. As part of a defence policy review, it is expected that the defence of the Arctic will be factored into future military purchases. The military also plans to conduct further Narwhal-type exercises. "There is a recognition that this is an important part of Canada, and is an important resource," says Graham. "We have to, in the Canadian Forces, be aware of what we need to do, how to deploy patrols in the North and how to adapt to changing conditions. We have to be ready for contingencies."
Graham's statements suggest the military will have a higher profile in the Arctic in the years ahead, but some in the army wonder if Canadians will shoulder the exorbitant cost of expanding the army's role in the region. "Senior officers in the military are cognizant of the need to be up here, but if we don't get the political support, there is nothing we can do," said one army officer participating in Exercise Narwhal.
Griffiths, though, isn't surprised by such doubts. Like a moth to a bright flame, Canadians are transfixed and ultimately paralyzed by the Arctic, trapped in what he describes as a Victorian- era concept—a vision that is both appealing and appalling. "We are in the grip of the Arctic sublime. To be close is uplifting, and somehow greatens us, yet on some level it can be terribly destructive," he says. "But we have a responsibility as stewards to look after this place and the people who live there."
Andrea Mandel-Campbell
Andrea Mandel-Campbell is the author of Why Mexicans Don't Drink Molson.
Next Article The Names of Our Lives


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Top 100 of the 1930s: 100-96
Posted by obscureclassics under Essays, Lists | Tags: 1930s, carole lombard, frank borzage, heroes for sale, history is made at night, leslie howard, liliom, made for each other, pygmalion, top 100 of the 1930s, wendy hiller |
100. Liliom (Frank Borzage, 1930)
It's not exactly the easiest love story for a modern generation to swallow, despite the fact that in its musical form (the wonderful Carousel) it's one of the most beloved romances of all time. Nevertheless, with its endlessly flawed hero, his doormat wife, and their unconventional version of love, this is one romance that modern feminists aren't going to be fans of. And it's true, in its final moments, trying to sell physical abuse as some kind of sign of affection doesn't really work as well as it wants to. But before that point, director Frank Borzage still managed to do what he always did best: he took an immensely flawed couple with an even more flawed relationship and made it beautiful. Liliom and Julie's marriage isn't near perfect. He's lazy with a bad temper, she allows him to walk all over her. But underneath it all, there is a deep love there and an understanding that the pair has for one another that is unparalleled. And even in the end, while (perhaps ill-advisedly) sugar coating Liliom's domestic abuse, Borzage never let's Liliom off the hook, which leaves us with a heartbreaking conclusion. Despite what seems to be an uplifting ending, we really know that even with the best of intentions, even in death some men can't change.
099. Made For Each Other (John Cromwell, 1939)
Carole Lombard is one of the greatest comedic talents to ever appear on the screen. Because she's so famous for her comedic efforts, her dramatic performances are, at best, often forgotten, and, at worst, ridiculed as being "a waste of her talent". But her talent really did shine through in her dramatic roles, and Made for Each Other is proof of that. The film is a unique love story. In most romances we get to see the falling in love part, with "happily ever after" being the end of the story". Here, it's the beginning, and it's not so much "happily ever after" as it is "with a whole lot of bumps along the way." Marriage is hard work, and this movie shows it, complete with disapproving mothers-in-law, terrible bosses, and sick children. It still hold up particularly well today as proof that, no matter the decade, marriage comes with the same problems and the same responsibilities. Made For Each Other is a dose of reality, maybe not one that everyone wants to see, especially from the classic era, but one that's honest and, because of that, rewarding.
098. History Is Made At Night (Frank Borzage, 1937)
It's not secret that director Frank Borzage was all about the transcendent power of love and all the spirituality that entails. It's a hallmark of his films, and it figures quite prominently in History Is Made At Night. But what's most prominent in this little romantic oddity is an element that's only a latent theme in his other films: the battle between good and evil. Underneath the surface of a lush romance is a very primal tug of war between two forces. The evil is personified in the quite substantive form of Colin Clive's downright deranged and insanely jealous ex-husband, while the good is represented less by the lovers (Charles Boyer and Jean Arthur), and more by the undying love that they share. With shifts between romantic comedy, psychological drama, and disaster film, History Is Made At Night may seem downright schizophrenic at times, but no matter what genre it's veering into, it always maintains Borzage's warmth, romance, and optimism.
097. Heroes For Sale (William A. Wellman, 1933)
Unflinching yet still somehow optimistic, Wild Bill Wellman's Depression-era saga Heroes For Sale is one of the decade's best glimpses into the way times really were for millions of Americans. It's not just one problem for leading man Richard Barthelmess. It starts with one thing and then just starts to snowball from there. It's pre-code in the best possible way, dealing with issues like drug addiction head on, and never pulling its punches (there's a character death which leads to one shot that is one of the most startling in all of classic film). Wellman wasn't afraid to make things as dark as possible for his characters, because that's the way things were in the world around him, and somehow, like no other director really could, he balanced this crushing sadness with a certain amount of hope. Even though they couldn't see the light at the end of the tunnel, it was there, somewhere, and eventually they would see it, if they just kept looking.
096. Pygmalion (Anthony Asquith and Leslie Howard, 1938)
Despite all the fawning that goes on over the overblown My Fair Lady, the gloriously simple 1938 version of Pygmalion is still the best version to ever appear on the big screen. Everything about this movie is perfect, from its head to its toes. Wendy Hiller is the best Eliza Doolittle there possible could be, beautiful enough to be convincing as the lady she becomes, but with just enough grit and uniqueness to keep her believable as the lovable street urchin. Leslie Howard's refined gruffness is inimitable, and the chemistry they share is one of a kind. The story of Pygmalion is special in that it's a love story without being a romance. It's not about falling in love, and the big dramatic feelings that come with it. It's about companionship, finding where you fit. What a novel idea, to sell that as such a quiet, unassuming thing as this.
Stay tuned for 95-91.
By Katie Richardson
Liliom by Katie Richardson
Posted by obscureclassics under Reviews | Tags: 1930, Anne Shirley, charles farrell, estelle taylor, frank borzage, guinn williams, hb warner, lee tracy, liliom, lillian elliot, mildred van dorn, rose hobart, walter abel |
Director: Frank Borzage
Cast: Charles Farrell, Rose Hobart, Estelle Taylor, HB Warner, Lee Tracy, Walter Abel, Mildred Van Dorn, Guinn Williams, Lillian Elliot, Anne Shirley
Most people are probably most familiar with the story of Liliom through Rogers and Hammerstein's beautiful musical Carousel (which I think is the team's masterpiece). And Fritz Lang's 1934 adaptation of the play is also probably more famous than Frank Borzage's. But the story, characters, and themes are so very much Borzage's bread and butter than his telling of the story is, without a doubt, the definitive one.
Julie (Hobart) is a somewhat shy girl who loves arrogant ladies man Liliom (Farrell) from afar. They finally meet one night at the carnival where Liliom works as a barker at the carousel. When he flirts with Julie, his boss, Madame Muskat (Taylor), who has a thing for Liliom herself, fires him. Liliom and Julie marry, but Liliom spends his days laying about without a job. Julie loves him, and he loves her, despite the fact that he doesn't treat her very well. When he finds out she's pregnant, he decides to join up with a friend in a robbery. But, as usual, things go very wrong.
This is so very much the kind of story Frank Borzage loved. He was a hopeless romantic, and the transcendant power of love was a theme that was prevalent in most of his films, and it's extremely present, and powerful, in Liliom. Not only does the love between Julie and Liliom transcend their inability to communicate as a couple, it transcends death. And it makes Liliom a better person, even though that might happen a little too late. For some, it might be hard to get past Liliom's rough treatment of Julie. But relationships are often messy, especially when the characters are so extremely complicated, and Borzage is able to look past the surface difficulties and see the beauty of the relationship.
Borzage always had an excellent style, but Liliom is quite unique, in many ways. The story takes place in Budapest, and Borzage clearly tried to make the setting and overall tone of the film have a European feeling. Most of the story takes place in the house that Julie and Liliom share with Julie's aunt. It's an odd, almost stage-like setting, with large rooms, that are almost entirely empty save for one piece of furniture, huge windows, stairs, and tall, empty walls. It gives the entire movie a kind of other-worldly feeling to it, almost as if Borzage is saying that Liliom's life and afterlife aren't that far apart. The carnival is used to great effect, and it visible in most scenes. You can see it through the window of the house, almost as if it haunts Julie and Liliom. Most impressive are the scenes of the afterlife. Not only does it look really beautiful, but just the concept of the train to the afterlife through the clouds is very creative.
This was the first sound film I ever saw Charles Farrell in, and let's just say that is voice is… unfortunate. It's very high and not at all what you'd expect to come out of his mouth. But it's kind of proof that a voice like that wasn't quite the career ender many think it to have been. Farrell made films well into the 1930s and remained quite successful throughout. Despite his voice, though, Farrell gives a really wonderful performance. He'd had practice playing tough guys who actually had big hearts in other Borzage films, and this is kind of the culmination of all that. He plays the arrogant rascal so well, but he gives Liliom so much heart. His development of the character, right through to the end, if beautiful.
Rose Hobart's performance might be a little stagey, but the important thing here is making Julie's undying love for Liliom, despite his treatment of her, believable, and she does a beautiful job of that. She makes Julie a sweet, shy girl who becomes Liliom's moral compass.
Borzage's Liliom is really just a stunning film. It's one of his most visually unique films, but it's all about the emotion. It truly reduced me to tears in its final act. A beautiful piece of emotional filmmaking.


Calculate the Power in a circuit having a resistance value of 10 ohms and current flowing through the circuit is 5 Amps.
Calculate the power consumed in a three parallel circuit having 1 ohm resistors and is supplied 5V battery source.
Ohm's law cannot be applicable for circuits consists of electronic valves or thyristors, diodes etc because these elements are not bilateral – i.e, they behave in different way, when the direction of flow of current is reversed as in the case of a diode.
Ohm's law cannot be applied to the circuits consisting of non-linear elements such as thyrite, electric arc etc.


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FIG:
Senior Debt
MTNs & CP
Crisis Talk — with Lloyds Bank's Peter Green and Liz Padley
By Bill Thornhill
Lloyds Bank has got most of its covered bond and senior funding out of the way already this year — ideal, given the threat of the coronavirus pandemic to both bond markets and the wider economy. But the bank has also been busy optimising its capital stack, which should support its lending just when it is most needed.
Before the Covid-19 pandemic struck, Lloyds had been active in the covered bond market in late January with a £1bn three year covered bond which was priced at 37bp over Sonia, which in hindsight, proved competitive funding.
It returned in late March with a €1.5bn six year non-call five senior trade from its holding company, tightening pricing by 25bp from the initial level to a reoffer spread of 375bp.
And, at the start of April Lloyds Banking Group became the first Yankee bank to access dollar market for almost a month when it launched a $1.5bn 5.25 year deal at 350bp over US Treasuries.
At the same time Lloyds Bank Corporate Markets issued a new euro senior benchmark, jumping into the market following a strong performance in credit spreads that week.
"We have made good progress year to date with around £7bn of funding completed," said Peter Green, the bank's head of senior funding and covered bonds, who confirmed that further wholesale funding was likely to be limited.
Full year guidance for Lloyds' 2020 term funding was set at the lower end of a £10bn-£15bn range, with this requirement being split across Lloyds Banking Group, Lloyds Bank and LBCM.
"The introduction of TFSME is likely to remove any further term wholesale funding needs for Lloyds Bank plc this year," he said.
The Bank of England's Term Funding Scheme with additional incentives for SMEs (TFSME) was announced by the Bank of England on March 11 alongside a comprehensive package of other measures.
The programme offers banks four-year funding over the next year, equating to at least 5% of their stock of real economy lending. As the funding directly competes with wholesale market funding and is much cheaper, it will suppress issuance volumes.
"We are supportive of and welcome the BoE and government schemes," said Green. "They help us to continue to support our customers in line with the [Lloyds's] Helping Britain Prosper strategy."
Despite initially entering the senior market when conditions were particularly stressed Green described his experience of funding through the crisis as "favourable," noting that credit markets had remained "resilient despite volatility".
Green said the three senior deals issued in the past month had received strong support from investors, noting that primary markets had been particularly strong in the US "with a good performance in trades over the past couple of weeks as global stimulus measures have helped to stabilise markets."
Capital optimisation
Lloyds has also undertaken a number of liability management exercises.
On April 1 Lloyds Bank announced plans to buy back one of its more costly perpetual tier one capital instruments, after its valuation collapsed in March.
According to Liz Padley, who heads up the bank's capital structuring and holding company, this and other similar exercises had "provided investors with market liquidity, at a time of market dislocation, whilst maintaining a prudent approach to the management of the bank's funding and liquidity."
On March 4, Lloyds gave investors a chance to switch out of a legacy tier two deal and into a new instrument, without the basic terms of their securities changing.
Lloyds will continue to consider opportunities to optimise its portfolio of legacy capital securities as these have "become inefficient from both a capital and MREL perspective," said Padley.
With the active liability management of legacy securities, which Padley described as "inefficient and expensive," Lloyds had strengthened the group's capital position "and, in doing so, provided more scope for supporting customers".
She said that the decision to conduct such exercises was driven by "a wide range of factors including capital requirements, MREL, rating agency credit, maturity profiles, P&L impacts, and overall costs".
RWA up and rising
In its first quarter results Lloyds said that it had maintained a focus on risk weighted asset reduction, but acknowledged that balances across its commercial portfolio had increased as clients drew down facilities in response to the coronavirus outbreak.
Around 50% of revolving credit facilities in commercial banking are now drawn, compared to just under 40% at start of the year, representing an increase in lending of £6bn.
As of April 24, Lloyds Group said it had granted in the region of 400,000 mortgage payment holidays on loans with an average loan to value ratio of 50%. Payment holidays have also been granted on around 85,000 in motor finance loans, 175,000 personal loans and 220,000 credit card loans.
Lloyds also provided £410m of support through the Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan Scheme and increased client support through its £2bn Covid-19 fund which has provided around 37,000 fee-free overdrafts and repayment holidays.
As a consequence risk-weighted assets have increased by £5.3bn — a number that Lloyds says will continue to be affected by credit migration and any potential increases in the balance sheet.
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