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Why Didn't Someone See it First? Discussing the Screwtape-Ransom Discovery
Posted on November 2, 2015 by Brenton Dickieson
Last week I shared some research in The Screwtape Letters—research that has changed the course of my research. You can read it here, but basically it showed that C.S. Lewis was thinking about his work in ways we never knew. Between 1937 and 1945 he wrote a Trilogy around the character of Dr. Ransom, but he also wrote The Screwtape Letters and some other Christian books.
When you read The Screwtape Letters (1941) you see in the preface that C.S. Lewis is a character in his own book. He has discovered a series of demonic letters that give us a peak at the strategy that demonic tempters use to reduce our humanity and separate us from God. Lewis used a similar technique with Out of the Silent Planet, the SciFi novel he wrote a not long before (1937). Out of the Silent Planet was written as a novel, but was "really" a true story about Dr. Elwin Ransom's experience. Lewis novelized the account of Ransom's trip to Malacandra and published it as a fictional story. Out of the Silent Planet begins an interstellar counter-conspiracy that continues in Perelandra and That Hideous Strength. The Lewis characters is in the background in THS, but is part of the Perelandra narrative.
I don't know of many that have made the link of Lewis' technique of including himself as a character in his books as he does both in Ransom and Screwtape. As it turns out, there are more links between the Ransom Trilogy and The Screwtape Letters than we could have imagined.
In a file at the Marion E. Wade Center, a C.S. Lewis archive in Wheaton, IL, there is a handwritten preface to Screwtape. Like the preface in your edition, the demonic letters are found, though not by C.S. Lewis. In this handwritten preface, the letters are found and translated by Dr. Ransom, Lewis' protagonist in the SciFi books that come before and after Screwtape.
It is a transformational discovery. It changes the way we read the Ransom Trilogy—indeed, it means we don't have a Ransom Trilogy, but a Ransom Cycle. We can read The Screwtape Letters as part of the conspiracy against the Silent Planet (Earth) that Ransom and his friends have to face. And, especially, we can reread the Ransom Trilogy in a Screwtapian way.
C.S. Lewis fans and scholars are intrigued by the idea that Lewis toyed with the idea of publishing The Screwtape Letters as part of the Ransom Universe (the Field of Arbol). I have a paper in draft form that starts to work out the implications. But there is a great question that has come from a number of sources. One blog commenter put it well:
While I find this fascinating, I also find myself slightly perplexed as to why it wasn't noticed before. I mean, the handwritten preface didn't fall out of an obscure book in the Bodleian library or turn up in a book gifted to one of Lewis's collaborators (as is the case with the Tolkien map). It is in the Wade collection so shouldn't it have been noticed?
He is correct. The handwritten Screwtape preface is in the Wade. The amazing staff there can help you see it for yourself.
Even more than that, at least a dozen people have seen the Screwtape file. And these are smart people, leading C.S. Lewis scholars and careful researchers. Of these, only one researcher has talked about it in print. That scholar is Charlie Starr in his manuscript study, Light. Charlie, who is one of a group of scholars helping get Inklings manuscripts to public notice, mentions the Screwtape-Ransom connection in a footnote. There could be other scholars that have noted it—let me know if there were—but I haven't seen any. I didn't even see Charlie's book until well after that fateful visit to the Wade.
Still, we are left with the question: why didn't anyone else see the significance of this Screwtape-Ransom connection? Why did it take a religious studies scholar in 2012 to stumble upon it?
It isn't because of the caliber of scholarship involved. As I've said, I found it by accident, and I am still really an emerging scholar. The people that looked at the file came with their own questions and probably did what they came to the Wade to do. They are good researchers, focussed on their tasks.
It also isn't because the idea itself is without merit. I thought about this for a long time. Before publishing the Ransom-Screwtape preface in Notes & Queries in 2013, I talked to leading scholars in order to ensure that the publication had merit. This is not only a fun discovery, but it is one that lets us see Lewis' writings in new ways, and helps us to think about how Lewis invented his fictional worlds.
Why has no one else every published this great discovery? The answer actually reveals one of the most beautiful things about academic research.
The answer is this: One of the most important features about academic research is that each researcher brings his or her unique set of experiences and questions to the data that is in front of us. While you might think it is tough to add much to Shakespeare studies or certain historical fields (burnt over regions of research), I am always amazed at how a new set of eyes on an old question can bring new life to a subject.
In my case, I was a biblical studies specialist in the larger field of theology. I had a general B.A. in Bible, then focussed on New Testament exegesis for my master's degree (exegesis is where we use a number of techniques to decide what a text means). The techniques include history, sociology, anthropology, philosophy, language and linguistics, literary criticism, and the tools of the study of religion. We try to determine what a sacred text might have meant in its original context (exegesis), and how it works in our world today (theology and application).
I decided in 2011 to use the same biblical studies tools in my approach to the study of Lewis and the Inklings. In my masters thesis I had studied the origins of antisemitism in biblical texts. One of the tools in my toolbelt was to look at how St. Paul wrote 1 Thessalonians. In writing this letter he created a "fictional world" much like fantasy writers do. He took the events of real history, and discussed them in a way that put certain emphases on particular points. This creation of a symbolic world is what Lewis did when he made the Ransom Cycle. The difference is that most of the events in Lewis' fictional world never happened in space-time, whereas most of the events Paul references did happen.
I was primed to think about how we make the worlds we write about—whether it is in a letter to a friend, a sacred text, or a fantastic story. So when I opened up the file and saw a name from one fictional universe (Ransom of the Field of Arbol) connected with another fictional universe (Screwtape of the Lowerarchy of Hell), I immediately saw the implications.
Even then, I needed some confirmation. After staring at the material for an hour or two, puzzling things out in my head, I turned to the researcher sitting beside me. She happened to be Sørina Higgins, working on the important Charles Williams Thorn project. She agreed then that "this changes everything." So I set to work on the Screwtape-Ransom work.
It could be that if Sørina or Charlie had been sitting with the Screwtape file at the Wade, asking questions of world-building, they would have immediately seen the significance that I saw. Or perhaps not, despite their great skills. I saw the Charles Williams Thorn manuscript, and still Sørina was able to make connection I hadn't imagined. I too saw some of the manuscripts that Charlie talks about in Light—as had a few others. Yet it was only Charlie who pursued it to its end.
Each researcher is unique. Charlie, an English professor and fantasy writer, has become an expert in Lewis' handwriting simply because it needed to be done, and he could do it. I would be a good person to test Charlie's system, but not to create it. Sørina, an Inklings scholar, poet, and intellectual curator, has been working for years to make Charles Williams—the oddest and least accessible Inkling—just a little bit more approachable. I will add little bits to Williams' scholarship, but she is one of its transformational features.
These are just three examples of academics working in connected fields. I know of dozens of others in Lewis & Inklings studies that are making these kinds of unique contributions. Think of the millions of people in thousands of fields who have dedicated their lives to using their own gifts, experiences, and research questions for the purpose of new discovery. It's an amazing thought, and a key reason we need to encourage research even when financial times are tight.
My hope is that my background in biblical studies and theology, as well as my experience as a pastor, policy writer, teacher, novelist, and father, will help contribute to the world of Inklings studies. In any case, my individual approach allowed me to see in a flash the imaginative possibilities of a little bit of C.S. Lewis' hen-scratching.
That is why I saw what others didn't see. Not because of the clarity of my vision but because of the focus of my lenses.
This entry was posted in Fictional Worlds, Original Research and tagged C.S. Lewis, literature, Marion E. Wade Center, Ransom Trilogy, research, Screwtape, The Screwtape Letters, theology, University, writing, WWII. Bookmark the permalink.
46 Responses to Why Didn't Someone See it First? Discussing the Screwtape-Ransom Discovery
traildustfotm says:
Thank you Brenton, for lighting up my enjoyment of the Ransom novels once more. I'm inclined to think that Lewis also wrote his friend Tolkien into the stories, under the name of Ransom, a philologist.
Well, you are very welcome. It is my pleasure–both as an enjoyer of these books, and as an educator.
I think it is fair to say that Ransom in OSP is very Tolkien-like. What about the other books?
It has been said (I can't remember by whom – first? – and quite possibly by different people independently) that the Ransom of THS is more Charles-Williams-y than Tolkien-y. (I think I have also encountered the speculation that this was one of the things that annoyed Tolkien in terms of what he seems to have taken to be the influence of Williams on THS.) Maybe someone should try to get David Bratman to say a word about Ransom, if he doesn't happen to chime in himself after reading this post-and-comments. Looking his "Annotated Bibliography" up again, here
http://home.earthlink.net/~dbratman/infiction.html
I see he updated it this past May and that he notes "Gervase Mathew suggests he shows elements of Tolkien and Owen Barfield as well" in a context in which he also refers to work by Diana Pavlac Glyer.
I don't remember who first talked about that shift of character from Tolkien to Williams. I know that David Downing talks about it. There are only a handful of real studies.
I don't know David Bratman. He is referenced negatively in Sam Joeckel's "The CSL Phenomenon." And he's in Bruce Edwards' book, I think. Did you know he just passed? (Edwards, not Bratman).
If you know him, invite him to chime in!
No, I had not heard or seen the sad news that Bruce Edwards passed away: thank you for telling me (and probably many more of us; I see from Wikipedia it was on 28 October).
I don't know The C.S. Lewis Phenomenon (thought from the blurb on Amazon it sounds interesting), but from all I've read by David Bratman and conversations and correspondence had with him, I can't imagine how anyone could reference him negatively! I'll e-mail him see if he'd like to chip in (I ought to, anyway, as I've got a suggestion for him to ponder for his Bibliography which I've been meaning to make for ages).
I did not know Bruce Edwards, besides some email chats. Sad news. He took the time to message me when the original Screwtape preface was published–an important role for a senior scholar.
The CSL Phenomenon is both excellent and highly critical. The author finds the cutting off of some biographers–Beversluis, Wilson especially–tiresome and unhelpful. That's the reference. I haven't got an opinion on that point myself. I have only glanced at Beversluis, and Wilson is always slippery. Bratman seems to have a particular gift for collecting and curating–another important sholarley role!
Vincent S Artale Jr says:
Reblogged this on Talmidimblogging.
Charles Huttar says:
I found this fascinating, both because I know the other scholars mentioned (and have reviewed their work) and because of its astute account of the research process, which dovetails with my own experiences over many years but have never seen explained so clearly.
Thanks Charles! I've been cooking that idea for a while and finally found a place to talk about it. I think most people don't really know what a professor/scholar does (especially an independent one like myself).
veldez says:
I'd like to an add a thank-you as well. Very encouraged to go back and re-read the Space Trilogy as well as Screwtape with fresh perspective. Plus those books are just great reads! I'm trying to read the Arthurian legends and poetry by Williams and Lewis, but it has been a start/stop journey so far.
Thanks so much for the nice note. I do hope you get a chance to reread with Screwtape in mind.
Did you hear we have a Inklings & Arthur book coming out?
Didn't catch that about the book. What's the release date and how does one get a copy (print or e-book)?
Howdy. The description is here: https://theoddestinkling.wordpress.com/2014/06/20/book-description/
Book will be out next year, perhaps Springtime. It is a big book (20+ essays) and will be available in print and digital. They are academic essays, and range from theoretical to pretty practical.
For me, I found Williams especially a challenge. Reading again and again was helpful, but I still rely on my notes.
tphillman says:
It's precisely this sort of discovery that answers the question of why we bother to keep studying these works and authors: there is always something more to be found, sometimes something that the author intended, sometimes something that he didn't, and sometimes something that he "unintended" — that is, changed his mind about. What an interesting and useful time you can have exploring the differences between the Space Trilogy with, and without, The Screwtape Letters added. Why did Lewis think to connect them? Why did he decide to abandon, or perhaps leave "silent" the connection?
I agree 100%. It is also why we need courageous people to do these things:
-become teachers
-become researchers
-read and write in their spare time
-join school boards or run for office to value education
-raise children and grandchildren to adore curiosity
-read good books
-give away good books
-donate to libraries
-donate to research enterprises in the low ($1000) and larger ($1m+) levels
-donate to universities that explore ideas
-petition governments and business to engage in higher education
-donate to or volunteer at archives
-dialogue with network engage scholars (as I try to be)
And of course, what light does this shed on the place of "The Dark Tower" in the whole ultimately unanswerable question (but both tempting and legitimate for us to delve into) of what went on in Lewis's mind in the years between "OSP" and "THS"?
Lewis' mind–as tempting as it is to conjecture–is what we want of a leader and thinker: a complex place. But the Screwtape preface does show that Lewis experimented with the Ransom world in ways that did not go to print. That supports the Dark Tower experiment.
I can imagine someone noticing the draft "Preface", thinking the 'unintending' is definitive, and not going on to record that conclusion explicitly anywhere in print.
There is, of course, also the matter of the 'unpublished' in the sense of someone possibly having noticed, but not published anything making this more widely known. The remark and invitation, "There could be other scholars that have noted it—let me know if there were", point to yet another possible situation – that of the published-yet-still-not-widely-known.
My friend, the Rev. Dr. Ian Graham, was just reminding me (in conversation, and pretty much in passing) of some, and telling me of more, about his work on possible Old Icelandic terminology for liturgical dress, which is included in his Oxford D.Phil thesis, but on which he never published separately. How many have noticed it, where it is so usefully to be found?
I hope there are others that have done so. What are the chances that I bumped into the only reference? Well, there is a fair chance, but not a good one I think.
Anyone? Bueller?
You may well have bumped into the only one – it's a funny old world! It is such an exciting datum, you'd think anybody who'd noticed would have bruited it about vigorously!
I know! But, what can you do? On another site I have been criticized for taking the conversation too far. So perhaps the interested shrug of a researcher working on other things is to be expected.
Sørina Higgins says:
Reblogged this on The Oddest Inkling and commented:
Here is Brenton Dickieson's second post about his cosmic discovery in "The Screwtape Letters." It also discusses my work on "The Chapel of the Thorn" a little bit. Enjoy.
An aspect not explicitly accented in this post, is that the Ransom Screwtape Preface brings together the (guardian-angel) angelology of Letter 31 and the Ransom Trilogy angelology, which, by way of the 'Numinor' reference in the THS preface had already in some sense brought together the Tolkienian 'Middle-earth' Ainur-Maiar-Valar angelology and that of the Trilogy.
I was wondering aloud – quite inconclusively – in conversation with Dr. Michael Ward the other day (upon whose Planet Narnia I had only just begun, at last) about what, if any, possibilities there were of Williams's Place of the Lion angelology and the worlds and angelology in the Narnia stories being further linked up with these.
I wonder what light Charles Huttar has shared, or having might soon, somehow, like to share, from his Inklings angelological studies, much of the matter of which, if I am not mistaken, have not yet been published (though who knows how much I've missed, which has)?
I haven't made the Eldil-Tolkien Angelology connection. Angelology isn't actually a strength, but I did do a Screwtapian reading of the demonic oppression in PErelandra chs. 1 & 2. (paper to come!)
Hurray – I look forward to it!
And, do you have any published or posted version of your discussion of St. Paul creating a "fictional world" using the events of real history in writing 1 Thessalonians? It sounds fascinating. (It might be interesting to compare with Eric Voegelin's work, among others, on the combination of fiction, dialectics, and mythopoesis in Plato's dialogues!)
I too was intrigued by both of Brenton's remarks, the 1 Thessalonians analysis and the forthcoming paper on chaps. 1&2 of "Perelandra." I deal v. briefly with the latter (but from another angle) in a paper forthcoming in "Sehnsucht":, "How Much Does THS Owe to Charles Williams?" I note the similarity of "Lewis"'s reluctance to get "drawn in" to these mysterious experiences (which is clearly a part of the barrage of temptation that he undergoes during the dark walk to Ransom's cottage) and Jane Studdock's fighting against getting "drawn in" to the St. Anne's community. I contrast this with Mark's eagerness for the Inner Ring, first at Bracton and then at Belbury — till he finally is also drawn in to St. Anne.s. I note also the similarity of Jane's pilgrimage (with differences, of course) to that of Damaris in Williams's "The Place of the Lion."
Hurray! Something else to look forward to! What a good subject to see being tackled!
Charles I look forward to the Sehnsucht paper. I think the parallel you outline here is worth exploring. I hope you have shown some restraint in psychologizing Lewis' own connection to these narratives. It is easy to ask whether he is Mark or Jane, or himself in Perelandra, or Damaris. He did say in a letter that he identified with that "bitch" Damaris, but I think writers identify with their characters. My inability to write an effective Screwtape isn't because I don't understand temptation. I surely do. The combination of self-critique and self-restraint with the elegance of brevity is the challenge.
I'm not sure that "identify with" is a very helpful term. Did Shakespeare identify with Iago? I think we need a term less ambiguous. How does this relate to negative capability? Would something like "imaginative sympathy" be at all useful?
No it isn't a helpful word. Moreover, we all can identify with our opposites as much as our avatars.
What I mean is this: I am anxious when people reduce C.S. Lewis' psychology to a particular character trait by making primary identifications to the character. Is Lewis more like Mark or Jane? I would answer Yes and No, rather than either-or.
Jesus "identified" (in some fashion) with Judas. In what way does "Love your neighbor as yourself" entail "identify"?
I think I first encountered in the writings of Metropolitan Anthony Bloom (an Inklings, and, I think, especially Williams, lover) the suggestion to read Parables and other Biblical (hi)stories by putting yourself imaginatively in the place of various people in them. Maybe something like that is a useful approach to author and characters, too. If you seem to discern a primary authorial identification with a particular character, it is both worth taking that seriously while also examining the relation to other characters. In THS, Mark seems to me in some ways distinctly like the young Lewis, but Dr. Dimble in other ways distinctly like the older Lewis. Then again, Miss Hardcastle could be seen as extrapolating and carrying further the impenitent young Lewis's conscious enjoyment of cruelty. And so on (is Merlin in his degree a nice, worked-out anticipation of Lewis's dinosaur imagery in his Cambridge Inaugural?).
You know, that's a good idea. I've held that paper for nearly a decade. I've presented in Charlottetown on rhetoric in 2011 and in Belgium in 2014 on epistolary fiction. I should just get the stupid paper to some editor somewhere! It's a bit long and burdened with footnotes, as us exegetes are wont to do. It's why we hate MLA formatting!
Meanwhile, I should blog it, if I can find a way to do it simply. As you notice, I try to do a blog that is not academic writing, but based on academic work.
We have a Voegelin scholar at UPEI (Ron Srigley), and I've never been drawn in to Voeglin–partly from ignorance on my part, partly from a lack of interest in Plato, and partly because I feel like Voeglin is trying to be intentionally standoffish! I'm sure I will repent one day and submit to the text itself.
Hurray, again!
(Also, hurray for footnotes! – The Rev. Dr. Graham (mentioned above) was reminding me of a thoroughly satisfying one in his thesis which economically explores a topic for the length of a page before concluding it must remain open.)
Voegelin drives various people up the wall – for different reasons, at least one of which, the elaboration of technical vocabulary, I savour gleefully (for better or worse). He can combine breath-taking suggestions of arrogance with what seems a real humble readiness to learn and change in response to new arguments and insights. 'We Voegelinians' can seem a bizarrely mixed bag, too…
Among (ahem) the things I should scan for you, is (perhaps) a paper bringing Tolkien, Voegelin, and George Grant together in contrast to Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Heidegger…
Well there are 6 giants all lined up on either sides of a table! George Grant I do like, and have considered following him up more–he is Canadian, and once I'm an established scholar there is likely to be a small grant somewhere.
But those 6 gentleman are a lifetime of reading!
Well, quite! The extent of my reliance on Grant and Voegelin is clear and explicit, though I tried to read in Nietzsche (and Schopenhauer as quoted favourably by him) and Heidegger, by way of seeing for myself. And Grant (a Tolkien fan) has his own points of difference with Voegelin, too… Still, I'll let you try to see what you think of it, sometime.
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There's a core American debate between [Jack Kerouac's] "On the Road" and [Frank Capra's}"It's a Wonderful Life." "On the Road" suggests that happiness is to be found through freedom, wandering and autonomy. "It's a Wonderful Life" suggests that happiness is found in the lifelong attachments that precede choice. It suggests that restraints can actually be blessings because they lead to connections that are deeper than temporary self-interest.
Conservatives, by and large, are doers not thinkers, builders, not scribblers. They are at home on the terra firma of the concrete particular but at sea in the realm of abstraction. The know in their dumb inarticulate way that killing infants is a moral outrage but they cannot argue it out with sophistication and nuance in a manner to command the respect of their opponents. And that's a serious problem.
To beat the Left we must out-argue them in the ivory towers and out-slug them in the trenches. Since by Converse Clausewitz politics is war conducted by other means, the trench-fighters need to employ the same tactics that lefties do: slanders, lies, smears, name-calling, shout-downs, pie-throwing, mockery, derision….
Politics is war and war is ugly. We could avoid a lot of this nastiness if we adopted federalism and voluntary Balkanization. But that is not likely to happen: the totalitarian Left won't allow it. So I predict things are going to get hot in the coming years.
To paraphrase Barry Goldwater, inarticulateness in the defense of liberty is no virtue.
The intelligentsia of the right — a select group that includes George Will and does not include the likes of O'Reilly and Hannity — must arm themselves to do battle on the left's terms. I would avoid slanders, lies, and smears, but name-calling, shout-downs, pie-throwing, mockery, and derision are certainly in order — as is the truth about the baneful effects of leftism on its supposed beneficiaries: the poor and (mostly imaginary) downtrodden. Their raison d'être, in the left's scheme of things, has been to supply the votes that have enabled the left to exert its totalitarian will on all of us.
This entry was posted in Economics: Principles and Issues, Political Economy & Civil Society, Political Movements & Theories and tagged conservative, David Brooks, happiness, left, liberal, right. Bookmark the permalink.


Vauhall's Meriva and Zaffira brands have been confirmed as the headline sponsors for Nick Jr's fourth annual 'Jump Up' festival for under-fives. Nick Jr is the commercial preschool TV channel from Nickelodeon UK and it's annual festival will welcome 21,000 preschoolers and their parents.
The headline sponsorship deal with the family car brands extends Nickelodeon and Vauxhall's partnership for 2007's 'Nick's Big Trip' summer promotion, which earlier this month scooped a Gold prize at the Institute of Sales Promotion's Awards.
Vauxhall will open Jump Up's live stage show with a presenter-led musical entertainment segment. There will also be an integrated logo on stage and a 30-foot ad running on the large LED TV screen in between show performances. A Vauxhall Meriva and Zafira experiential area in the event grounds will entertain families with specially created Vauxhall art cars for the kids to draw on, display cars for the adults and a virtual photo pod.
Nick Jr's Jump Up, the UK's largest free annual children's event, invites under fives to join in the fun and adventures with the best in preschool entertainment from Nick Jr, including the hit shows Dora the Explorer, Peppa Pig, Go Diego Go!, Fifi and the Flowertots, LazyTown, Thomas & Friends and The Backyardigans. Toddlers will enjoy show-themed activity play zones, healthy food options and a spectacular musical stage show featuring their favourite Nick Jr characters.
Nick Jr's Jump Up 2008 will be held at the Milton Keynes Bowl from Friday 25 to Sunday 27 July.


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text:
Forget Nose Spray, Good Sex Clears A Stuffy Nose Just As Effectively — And Is A Lot More Fun
Image Credit: Dmytro Sheremeta/Shutterstock.com
Medical news is full of stories about promising new treatments for challenging conditions, or for additional health benefits of routine behaviours and habits. Who doesn't want to feel good about drinking coffee or eating chocolate?
In this rich vein, a study by German and British researchers published earlier this year — which just won the Ig Nobel prize for medicine — suggests orgasmic sex can clear nasal congestion as well as a nasal decongestant.
The Ig Nobels are awarded to "honour achievements that first make people laugh, and then make them think", with a ceremony at Harvard University and Nobel laureates among those handing out prizes.
This year's winner deserves critical appraisal before deciding whether to prescribe orgasm for consenting partners with stuffy noses.
A small but well-formed study
When we critically appraise research it's important to look at "internal validity" first. Could the results have been caused by other factors, such as bias due to flaws in design or how the research was conducted? The next step is to ask whether the findings have "external validity" or can be generalised to the wider population.
Also, with most studies that aren't using the "gold standard" study design of double-blinded, randomised controlled trials, we need to consider other factors to establish cause and effect. This includes consistency with other evidence and biological plausibility — or whether the findings tally with established understandings of our bodies.
The German-UK study was clearly not a double-blind study (the couples knew they were having sex) and was small in size (18 heterosexual couples), but each subject was their own "control" subject. That means each person had the intervention — sexual intercourse with orgasm — compared with a nasal decongestant spray applied the following day.
Nasal flow was measured at five time points: before sex, after orgasm and up to three hours afterwards. Subjects were tested with a questionnaire to determine which ones had pre-existing nose blockages over the past month. Nasal function was assessed subjectively by the participant and objectively with a portable device measuring air flow.
As such, this study was well-designed and conducted. That is, apart from one minor flaw: some participants were unable to focus on the device before and immediately after intercourse, leading to some missing data!
Some research data was lost in the afterglow. Unsplash, CC BY-SA
The study did find a significant improvement in nasal flow immediately after orgasm and this was of similar size to the benefit from decongestant spray used the following day.
However, the benefit from sexual activity was short-lived and nasal flow was back to baseline within hours. Unsurprisingly, the improved nasal flow was only seen in those with pre-existing nasal congestion.
Though effective, nasal decongestant spray is probably less fun than sex. Shutterstock
Wait, there's a connection between orgasm and noses?
The research paper notes the theory of "reflex nasal neurosis" was put forward by German otolaryngologist Wilhelm Fliess, a close friend of Sigmund Freud, in 1897. Both believed neuroses were mostly caused by sexual problems.
Fliess theorised there were specific "genital spots" in the nose that influenced genital function. Yet his theory failed scientific scrutiny and faded into obscurity.
However, exercise is known to cause an improved nasal flow and this benefit persists for up to 30 minutes after physical activity.
Observational studies have suggested people who have more sex are happier, but that might not be the whole story. Shutterstock
The 'take home' message
There are some limitations of the research, such as the small sample size of volunteer couples, and the timing of nasal air flow measurements.
But overall, the study presents some convincing evidence that orgasm improves nasal obstruction, at least for an hour or so. And, as the researchers note: "I don't think other methods to relieve congestion are nearly as much fun as sexual activity."
The Ig Nobel winners suggest further research into whether masturbation has similar benefits, or whether multiple orgasm might provide longer relief of nasal congestion.
So, those with nasal congestion shouldn't throw away their decongestant sprays just yet. However, all of us can bask in the warm glow of knowing we can add another health benefit to sexual intercourse and orgasm.
David King, Senior Lecturer in General Practice, The University of Queensland

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


What Is Fantastic About An Exercise Bike?
Hi, my name is Michael and I would like to want you a warm welcome to my site. Normal aerobic workout is outstanding for your heart a regular physical exercise routine will minimize the danger of heart troubles. An exercise bike provides a low influence exercise that does not spot a lot of tension on your spine. The major ones are added comfort, improved safety, and an superb exercise for people of all requirements with low influence on the knees and reduced back. Then you have an upright bike which signifies that it is related to the variety of bike you discovered to ride when you were a kid.
If you strategy on listening to music or watching Television while you cycle, be confident to pay focus to attributes that will make the exercise bike quieter. User Evaluations describes the accumulated user ratings for physical exercise bikes shown on Amazon, Sears, and Best Purchase — three of the most well-known and broadly utilized websites that contain reviews. No other recumbent exercise bike gets the variety of kudos that the Exerpeutic 900XL does.
The motion of the bike can make for an intense workout, but the position of the seat and the extension of your legs allows you to get that exercise by remaining in a all-natural, comfy position. Users who plan to move their exercise bikes between rooms or in and out of a massive closet require a bike model outfitted with handy transport wheels.
The advantage of the recumbent style of bike is that it is more comfy for many riders. If your last workout system failed because it was just also considerably work, never make the same error once again. The Sunny Health & Fitness Pro Indoor Cycling Bike is a performance oriented, no-frills machine. Cross-country skiing is broadly touted as the ultimate exercise and calorie burner.
Lead or participate in the procurement, customization, development, implementation, management, evaluation, and continuous improvement of clinical information systems. For this vision to be implemented at a sensible level, his model needs robust leadership and the coaching of substantial numbers of health informatics and adjust implementation specialists to take up transformative roles inside our healthcare program. The normally accepted definition of health informatics, and the one particular employed in this course, is, 'The information, capabilities and tools that enable information to be collected, managed, used and shared to assistance the delivery of healthcare and to market wellness and wellbeing'. Students can comprehensive their degree at their personal pace provided that they do so within six years of starting the plan.
The program completely testimonials health informatics administration, healthcare data security, strategic and operational IT organizing, clinical data analysis, master patient index systems, clinical selection assistance systems, informatics systems improvement, and implementation. The TBI community is particularly motivated with the improvement of approaches to recognize linkages between basic biological and clinical details. They then tend to gradually move into an data systems clinical help function.
Taking math, biology, chemistry, well being and pc science courses in higher school can improves an applicant's standing when applying to a post-secondary school. As the health care business evolves, under vastly expanding regulatory mandates, there is a need for data systems that will meet the wants of all stakeholders and, the need to educate health informatics experts will steadily increase. Our graduates function on a wide array of projects in hospitals, doctors' offices, insurance coverage businesses, government agencies, and wellness IT software program companies.
But a lot remains to be accomplished to make such data systems maximally valuable, to make certain confidentiality, and to guard against the possible for misuse, for example by healthcare insurers or employers. We have records in paper kind, we have health records in electronic kind, but we have other ways that we retransmit and store health data, so it really is bigger than it utilized to be. Two distinct tracks let students to specialize in health informatics or wellness data management. Dr Segal has also served as chair on ONC Wellness Interoperability Grant Assessment Panels.
Featuring an consideration to detail unseen in other exercise equipment, the WaterRower's unique WaterFlywheel design emulates rowing like no other. Most of the significant brand name fitness distributors have a separate line of gear tailored for this precise purpose. Positioning your hands or feet closer together or farther apart on the band or tube prior to starting an workout assists differ resistance. A bike will tone up the legs and buttocks, improve the fitness of you heart but will offer you tiny in the way of upper body exercise.
Bowflex provides a large assortment of items in practically each equipment category: totally free weights, house gym systems, cardio gear, and far more, all of which come with a satisfaction-guaranteed warranty and return policy. If you are seeking for a a lot a lot more comfortable way to exercise and a piece of workout gear that requires up very little space then this could be the ideal piece of equipment for you. It is still a quite common house fitness equipment that is excellent to have a low impact cardio exercise. Take your time, shop about, and believe very carefully about what equipment best meets your fitness wants.
Even so, use tended to drop off more than the years and by the 5-year mark about half of our respondents who'd purchased treadmills and three-quarters who'd purchased workout bikes had been no longer making use of them. This sort of gear contains bikes, treadmills, cross-trainers, and step machines. Functioning out at home offers you the privacy to not get weird looks during a particular exercising. Machines for cardiovascular exercise are normally treadmills, stationary bikes, and elliptical. Several folks determine to buy a bicycle for their home exercise equipment as a way of getting out of the property and undertaking anything.
For instance, it is especially beneficial for core instruction, you can verify out some examples here You can strengthen and tone each and every muscle tissues groups with the help of this workout gear for property. Finally, the history of exercising gear comes to the improvement of modern residence gym gear such as universal machines like the Solo-flex and Bowflex, along with devices like the mini-stairstepper.
We reside in a extremely workout conscious society, which is a good issue thinking about how numerous overweight individuals we have do to overeating and inactivity. Totally free weights can be unsafe, particularly when acquiring into heavier weight categories, if employed alone. With their aid, you can do your weight lifting education, even though doing squats in the same time. Part of the weight will be supported by your legs, and it will permit you a lot more endurance although working out at house. Bear in mind, in order to begin strength education you do not need fancy gear, you just need equipment in good sufficient situation to be safe and to serve your objective.
With plate loaded machines there are no weights attached to the machine – you must put the weight plates on the machine yourself. 1 of the most typical motives for the failure of these weight lifting routines is the lack of dedication and monotony of exercises. We also sell fitness equipment wholesale by the container-load so dealers are also welcome to speak to us. Our employed fitness center equipment all come in assured working condition. Significant physical exercise equipment started appearing in the late 18th and 19th centuries.
In reality females Olympic lifting bars are normally 25mm and weigh 15k (33lbs) for this really purpose. Most gyms have a dumbbell rack that has an assortment of fixed weight dumbbells. The number a single question I get asked when somebody desires to begin lifting is: What do I wear?" When you appear about the fitness center, you'll notice that everybody has their own set of gear and their own set of reasons why they want what they wear.
A weight lifting bar is normally a have to have, if you want to commence your weight lifting coaching at property. It should not take you hours in order to finish your weight lifting exercise routines in truth, they must only take you 1 hour to finish. Wraps are offered at most drug stores for about $10 – $20 based on the kind of wraps.
Sturdy and vibrant Immune System Health is the key to overcoming chronic health difficulties. Getting cold extremities seems to lessen the provide of white blood cells, the immune system's initial line of defense against invaders. Mushrooms are also wealthy in vitamins, polyphenols, sterols and zinc, which all preserve our immune systems healthful and powerful. This report explains the proof behind the rewards and safety profiles of different vitamins and minerals.
Locate out far more about the leading 10 well being ideas that Dr. Stephen Sinatra recommends to promote a robust immune system and safeguard oneself from the effects of aging. Even if you take a excellent every day multi-vitamin, it is nevertheless important to consume a healthy diet regime and there are some intriguing foods that increase the immune system, according to recent studies. Vitamin C has established to be the most effective vitamin to boost your body's immune method.
Davis JM, Murphy EA, Brown AS, et al. Effects of moderate workout and oat beta-glucan on innate immune function and susceptibility to respiratory infection. Locating specific foods that enhance the immune program can be complex, since particular vitamins perform best when taken with other vitamins. Very first milking colostrum includes quite a few immune method and growth elements which trigger at least fifty processes in a newborn, ranging from the improvement of the immune system to the development of all body cells. The immune program is a really complicated collection of cells, organs and pathways. A range of nutritional supplements can be utilised to market wholesome immune technique function.
Alcohol abuse, drug abuse, exposure to radiation and/or environmental toxins can all be what causes overall health issues to the immune method. Cats who are fighting feline immune issues will exhibit a variety of overall health concerns from skin problems to respiratory ailments to various types of cancer. Foods higher in vitamin B6 include bananas, lean chicken breast, cold-water fish such as tuna, baked potatoes and chickpeas.


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Romanian–Serbian relations are foreign relations between Romania and Serbia. Both countries established diplomatic relations on April 19, 1841.

History
Although Serbia unofficially opened a kind of diplomatic agency in Bucharest in March 1836, officially, the first Serbian diplomatic agency in Bucharest was established in February 1863, with Kosta Magazinović, as its first diplomatic agent. Reciprocally the first Romanian diplomatic agency in Belgrade was established on 12/24 March 1863 and the first diplomatic agent was Teodor Calimachi.

In 1879, as a consequence of the independent state status, the diplomatic agencies from Belgrade and Bucharest became legations and the diplomatic agents, resident ministers. Thus on 14/26 April 1879 the Romanian diplomatic agency in Belgrade became legation, having Lascăr Catargiu as its first resident minister. In the summer of 1879 Milan A. Petronijević became Serbia's first resident minister in Romania. Later, after Romania and Serbia became kingdoms, in 1881 and 1882, their diplomatic representatives became "extraordinary envoy and plenipotentiary ministers". It was only in 1939 when the legations from Belgrade and Bucharest became embassies.

However, a gradual cut-off of international relations between Romania and Serbia (in that time Yugoslavia) happened in May 1941, after Romania recognized the independence of the German-controlled Independent State of Croatia, due to Romania being an Axis power at the time.

Nowadays, symbolizing the good relations between Romania and Serbia, there is in the former a sentence that says "Romania only has two friends: the Black Sea and Serbia". However, this phrase and the state of the relations between both has been disturbed by the Romanians in the Timok Valley in Serbia, where they are known in Serbian as "Vlachs", claiming a separate ethnic identity from the Romanians.

Embassies

Romania has an embassy in Belgrade and a consulate-general in Vršac. Serbia has an embassy in Bucharest and a consulate-general in Timișoara.

Common memberships
Both countries are full members of the South-East European Cooperation Process, of the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, of the Central European Initiative, of the Southeast European Cooperative Initiative and of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, but, while Romania is a member state of the European Union, Serbia is not. Romania supports Serbia's bid to the European Union.

Both countries are strongly against 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence, with Romania strongly supporting Serbia's territorial integrity.

Serbs of Romania

The Serbs of Romania are a recognized ethnic minority. According to the 2011 census, there were 18,076 Serbs in Romania (~0.1%). Serbs mostly live in western Romania, in the Romanian part of the Banat region, where they constitute an absolute majority in two communes and a relative majority in one other.

Romanians of Serbia

The Romanians of Serbia are a recognized ethnic minority. According to the 2011 census, there were 29,332 Romanians in Serbia (~0.4%), while 35,330 people declared themselves "Vlachs". There are differing views among some of the "Vlachs" over whether or not they should be regarded as Romanians or as members of a distinctive nationality. Romanians and "Vlachs" mostly live in northeastern Serbia, in the Timok Valley and in the Serbian part of the Banat region to be exact, where they constitute a minority in two municipalities and in Vojvodina. Romanians of the Timok Valley have no schools where to practice their maternal language.

Diplomacy

Republic of Romania
Belgrade (Embassy)

Republic of Serbia
Bucharest (Embassy)

See also
 Foreign relations of Romania
 Foreign relations of Serbia
 Accession of Serbia to the European Union
 Romania–Serbia border
 Romania's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence
 Romania–Yugoslavia relations

References

Further reading

External links
 Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Romania
 Serbian embassy in Bucharest
 Serbian general consulate in Timișoara (in Romanian and Serbian only)
 Romanian-Serbian Relations (late 19th century – early 20th century)
 General Consulate of Romania in Vršac

Serbia
Bilateral relations of Serbia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


*Note: This is Not two separate pens. The Engraved Insignia is on one side of the pen and the American Flag Emblem is on the other.
This Matte Black Bullet Space Pen features a detailed U.S. Marine Corps. Insignia laser engraved design and American Flag emblem affixed to the cap.


The Canon imagePROGRAF PRO-1000 is a desktop size printer designed to produce stunning quality prints with a 12-ink system up to A2 in size.
The imagePROGRAF PRO-1000 is a brand new 12-ink system A2 professional photo printer which sits between the PIXMA PRO-1 and the imagePROGRAF iPF5100. Aimed at semi-professional to serious amateur photographers who produce professional quality colour and monochrome photos up to A2 in size, the imagePROGRAF PRO-1000 features EOS-inspired, stylish design, advanced connectivity and LUCIA pigment inks for outstanding image permanence and colour stability, allowing prints to be sold or exhibited with confidence.
Enjoy the ability to print striking images up to A2 without compromising quality. Take advantage of our fast print speeds and colour collaboration: with a plethora of media types supported from gloss, matte, fine art papers and canvas, you'll get the look and feel you desire.
The Print Studio Pro software can be launched from popular photo editing software such as Adobe Lightroom, Photoshop and Canon's own Digital Photo Professional software. Print Studio Pro boasts advanced features such as soft-proofing when previewing and colour adjustment options.
The imagePROGRAF PRO-1000 combines a new print head, new inks and a new processor to achieve the highest quality prints, without a compromise in performance or productivity.
The new LUCIA PRO inks developed for the imagePROGRAF PRO-1000 enable photographers to reproduce their images faithfully in print. The wide dynamic range of colours allow for a high colour gamut and rich expression of detail in darker areas, with outstanding image permanence. The new image processor provides optimal control of the printer, maintaining high-speed, accuracy and high-resolution printing.
The Chroma Optimizer ink helps achieve uniform glossiness when printing on glossy paper. By being applied over the printed image to cover the bumps between the ink droplets, Chroma Optimizer regulates the surface reflection to deliver natural colour reproduction in the finished print. This creates images with deep black density and prevents unwanted bronzing (scratch resistant).
A two-tray system guarantees the preferred paper is used, with matte, glossy and semi-glossy supported from 4x6 up to A2, printing at the highest quality with the vacuum paper feeding system. The imagePROGRAF PRO-1000 feeds paper with air suction, keeping the paper flat and preventing 'floating' during the feeding / printing process allowing borderless printing on fine art papers.
Improving on the existing Print Studio Pro plug-in, the imagePROGRAF PRO-1000 utilises the updated version 2.0.0. This features a new screen layout that makes it easier for you to adjust the printer, paper, layout and colour settings to help deliver the best quality prints. You can create favourite settings that you feel comfortable with, and come back to them time and time again. Colour management is easier than ever, with a simple box to allow ICC profile selection, rendering intent and a brand new feature to enable soft proofing.


What is a Distribution Hub?
We live in a fast paced world driven by ever changing voice, data and video solutions. Your LYNXNET Distribution Hub will provide you with the flexibility to decide what technology you have access to and where.
LYNXNET Distribution Hubs are technologically advanced flush mounted enclosures designed to provide media device control around the house and smart means of distributing internet, telephone & television to all rooms from one centralised location.
How will a Distribution Hub benefit me?
High speed Wi-Fi ac technology is here and Wi-Fi Alliance claims that any certified device with Wi-Fi ac will deliver high speed. Fair enough but in practice you are not likely to see any device with this new technology reaching the theoretical maximum speed of 1.3Gbps because the conditions you need to reach that speed requires a laboratory not your house or office. The first generation Wi-Fi ac hit a high of 331Mbps which is about 4x less – in the real world no-one ever gets close to theoretical speeds.
Get a FREE Lynxnet Power Brick when you order a Lynxnet LN3200DH Distribution Hub online!
Each Power Brick includes a backup uninterruptable power supply for xDSL, FTTx cable and 3/4G wireless network access equipment such as Modems, Routers, Switches and WiFi Access Points.
I have nothing but praise for their professional service and the best service I have ever received.
My client was so happy with the out come as I was with your response and your professional service.
The Lynxnet hub offers that middle ground of what most families need. It is well priced and has a sensible number of telephone, network and TV ports and can be easily housed in a small cupboard.
I have been impressed with the ease of use and ability to easily govern outlets around the house for varied use eg. either phone or data. Well done on a great product.
Awesome IR repeater system and works very well with all devices including My Sky HDi devices. Others systems were unreliable but this one has proved its worth. Good support and quality. Easy to install.
Buy your Lynxnet Distribution Hub online NOW!
© Copyright 2013 - LynxNet. All rights reserved.


It is my belief that with the right support, mentoring, encouragement, planning, and direct help, anyone can achieve their dreams. I am living my dream of helping private practice professionals, and others, build their businesses so they can live life doing what they do best-helping those in need. As a licensed social work professional myself, I honor the work that you do and want to help you spend less time on your business so you can spend more time doing the work you love to do.
I am different than most coaches because of my unique combination of skills as a licensed social worker, marketing professional, and coach, skilled in working with small businesses and large businesses, both for-profit and non-profit.
Enough About Me-What Can I Do For You?
I do this by combining my business and marketing experience, my coaching skills, my social work and mediation experience, as well as my own experiences working in many settings. As a business owner myself- I understand what challenges my clients face and I am very frugal- always looking to help keep costs down so you can maximize profit.
I am curious by nature and love to research and glean new industry best practice information, which makes me a great resource for my clients. I am an avid reader, a life-long learner and enthusiastic teacher.
I invite people to work with me who are entrepreneurial thinkers, creative, and willing to do what is needed to reach their goals. I believe each person is unique and has special talents that they are meant to realize and by doing so, create happiness and joy for themselves and the people with whom they come in contact.
Being able to do work that I am passionate about, helping people, and make a living doing it is very gratifying for me. I enjoy spending my time in a way that is meaningful to me and my clients. I have learned that life is short and it goes by quickly, much too fast to spend it doing something that isn't authentically you.
I keep you focused and share your work load. My services differ from other coaching services in that in some circumstances I will be actually helping you get the things done that need to be done-not solely planning, giving advice or encouragement. None of us can be experts in every aspect of business operations-nor do you have the time to do everything your self. If needed-I help access the material and personnel resources necessary to get the job done through an established network of consultants in various fields.
With over three decades of hands-on work experience-I believe that there is no challenge that is unsurmountable.
I love helping people succeed and prosper. This is more than work for me-it is a challenge and I do my best work in challenging situations. If you succeed you will tell others and ultimately- we both prosper.
Graduate Degree in Human Services Management and many years of training in management skills including MBA level business classes from Boston University Graduate School of Management and UMASS Boston. These experiences have prepared me to meet the various challenges facing your business.
I truly care about the people with whom I work and I use my skills in a hopeful and determined manner to foster their success and happiness in life. As a result-I have a high rate of positive testimonials and many family/friend referrals.
If you are ready to move forward- then give Wayne a call 781-325-8186, or email wayne@kesslermarketing.com to set up your free, no obligation, initial consultation.


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Home States Tamil Nadu
Mom Delays Autopsy of Calf Elephant in Valparai
Published: 06th January 2015 06:01 AM | Last Updated: 06th January 2015 06:01 AM | A+A A-
COIMBATORE: A one-and-a-half year old male elephant died at a coffee field at Kurangu Mudi estate in Valparai on Monday morning after mistakenly swallowing mud while trying to have plants. Post mortem couldn't be carried out for hours on account of the presence of 18 wild elephants including its mother around the carcass.
According to sources, acting on an information from the estate authorities, forest officials in the company of a government veterinarian Senthil Nathan visited the spot at 2 pm to carry out autopsy on the animal. But as the death of the jumbo was being mourned by fellow elephants, they couldn't execute the task. Finally, a team of 12 forest staff drove the elephants into the forest, which enabled Nathan to perform the post mortem.
"The calf died due to a digestion problem. The animal unexpectedly swallowed sand while attempting to take plants as food. This was discovered by the veterinary doctor, who found huge quantities of sand filled in the animal's stomach," said Krishnasamy, forest range officer. He added that there were marks in the body of the pachyderm indicating that the animal had rolled down from a height in the forest. He said that the trumpeting sound of wild elephants could be heard while the autopsy was being carried out.
It was presumed that the animal had died in the wee hours of Monday as the blood samples taken by the veterinary doctor was found to be fresh.
Meanwhile, a few forest staff of Pollachi forest range searched, for two days, the maize fields in the surroundings of Perumalswamy Malai near Anamalai after being informed about the appearance of a bear near residential houses. They, finally, dismissed the info as rumour.
Stay up to date on all the latest Tamil Nadu news with The New Indian Express App. Download now


India lost to UAE by 0-2 but they have shown a great character. Chhetri and co. have managed to create more chances than UAE. Jhingan was so close to score the opener with a header. Sunil missed two close goal scoring opportunity and Kuruniyan could not score from an one on one situation. Despite being a low ranked team India came with a positive mindset and stunned UAE till 41st minute when UAE got their first opportunity and Khalfan Mubarak scored. There was a misunderstanding between Sandesh and Anas which helped UAE to score the first goal of the match.
India was not done with their attack and in the second half. Udanta hit the crossbar and Jeje was so close to score from top of the box with a long ranger. But Ali Mabkhout scored the second goal in 88th minute for UAE to make 0-2. India just missed a big opportunity to create history. They could have easily won the match if half of missed chances were converted.
FULL TIME! The referee blows the long whistle, bringing an end to the match. It's been a tough day for India, who had even hit the woodwork twice.
Indian fans are disappointed but happy with their team's performance.
India will face Bahrain in their last group match. A draw would be good for them to qualify for the next round. Bahrain have drawn their first match and lost to Thailand in second match. Indian fans are positive and hopeful for next round qualification.


Posted on 03/20/2019 by Parklifer	in Live Review and tagged 9:30 Club, California, Ella Vos, free tickets, Los Angeles, synthpop, ticket giveaway.
Pop star Ella Vos released Watch and Wait, a new EP, in January, and that record was inspired by her struggle with lymphoma and her recovery. She performs at 9:30 Club on Thursday, April 11, and you can win tickets to catch the inspirational show with Parklife DC.
Parklife DC is giving away a pair of tickets to see Ella Vos at 9:30 Club. To win, simply leave a comment on this blog. You can leave any comment, but we would like to know your favorite song by Ella Vos.
Comments will be closed at 5pm on Friday, and a winner will be randomly selected. The winner will be notified by email. The winner must respond to our email within 24 hours, or they will forfeit their tickets and we will pick another winner. We will email you instructions on claiming your ticket. Good luck!
If you don't win, buy your tickets online.
I wanna go see Ella Vos perform Empty Hands!


My two females when they are still 6"
These are the two males of the four I have when they are still 4"
My common snapper before when she was 3"
Is the plan with the endangered turtle to try to breed and reintroduce?
Wow, those snappers need to pay rent with the space they're going to need!
nice! another fellow pinoy! love the shell patterns of our own pond turtle.
Honestly, it's illegal to own/buy/sell these species because of their status. I'm just hoping that I can secure a wildlife permit for the said project unfortunately there is no amnesty yet. I can only introduce them here and other turtle forums, but for the public a big no.
Thank you guys for appreciating!
Wow! How big are those razorback musks? Mine is only 2 inches long!
Nice. Where did you get your turtles? I'm from Manila also and I have been struggling to find turtles other than red-eared sliders.
Your Alligator Snapper turtle is beautiful.
I'm also surprised by that Alligator Snapping turtle, considering they're one of the largest lake turtles over the world. I recently watched a Brave Wilderness video on youtube about the turtle here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WT2eLretCWE.


Parent's Day Out is an opportunity for our little ones, 2 ½ – 3 ½ years old to get a taste of the structure of a traditional preschool classroom with half day and full day classes offered any combination of days, M-F. Families can select the half day option, 9:00-11:30, a long day 9:00-2:30, or a combination of the two any number of days each week. The students in this class are learning many new things including how to use the bathroom on their own. As a result, students in this class do not need to be potty trained. Teachers provide opportunity for students to experience Dramatic Play, Art, Worship, Snack, Movement, Music, Outside Play and Story Time throughout the week.
Three Year Old, Four Year Old and Pre-K provide developmentally appropriate activities and experiences that are designed to engage the whole child. Each age level follows a curriculum that allows for exploration and discovery as students learn more about the world around them through Circle Time, Worship, Center Time, Small Group, Art, Snack, Outside Play, Movement, Music and Story Time. These classes include student assessments and parent/teacher conferences that are offered twice a year. The students in these classes must be potty trained.
Three Year Old Classes are designed for students who turn three on or before September 1st. These classes meet two days a week, M/W or T/Th, 9:00-11:30.
Four Year Old Classes are for students who turn four, on or before September 1st. These classes meet, three days a week, M/W/F or T/Th/F, 9:00-11:30.
Pre-K Class is for students who turn five, on or before October 31st. This class meets four days a week, M-Th, 9:00-11:30.
Combo Class is a mixed age level class, including three and four year olds. This is an enrichment class that expands on the learning that takes place in the three and four year old classes. Students dig in deep with the opportunity for creative expression through art and dramatic play, as well as teachers providing sensory rich activities and science experiments throughout the week. This class is primarily designed for our students who are enrolled for multiple days in succession, or for families who are needing creative scheduling options either one or multiple days, M-Th, 9:00-11:30.
Art Activities – to encourage self-expression and improve fine motor skills.
Hands on Science Experiences – to gain information about their environment while using their senses and trying new activities.
Exploring Nature – to explore the world and develop an appreciation for the world God created.
Cooking Projects – to develop cognitive skills, teach math concepts, build language, and encourage healthy eating habits.
This class provides many fun opportunities for students to see how God helps them grow and learn new things.


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Your privacy is critically important to us.
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"Army of the Dead" takes place after a zombie outbreak in Las Vegas, where a group of mercenaries take the ultimate gamble, venturing into the quarantine zone to pull off the greatest heist ever attempted.
Hiroyuki Sanada, Dave Bautista, Ella Purnell, Garret Dillahunt, Ana De La Reguera, Nora Arnezeder, Samantha Jo, Theo Rossi, Michael Cassidy, Omari Hardwick, Tig Notaro, Matthias Schweighöfer, Lora Martinez-Cunningham, Raúl Castillo, Lyon Beckwith, Sarah Minnich, Chelsea Edmundson, Michael Reid MacKay, Huma Qureshi, Richard Cetrone
Wesley Coller, Deborah Snyder, Zack Snyder
Zack Snyder, Joby Harold, Shay Hatten
Action & Adventure, Horror, Sci-Fi & Fantasy, Thrillers
English Dolby Atmos, English Dolby Digital 2.0
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Sicario
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Reviews (1) of Army of the Dead
Average Splatterfest Zombie - Army of the Dead review by GI
One big splatterfest, very bloody, very gory and the sort of thing Arnold Schwarzenegger would've starred in in the 1980s. Instead we have man mountain Dave Bautista recruited by a shady government man to take a band of mercenaries into the walled off city of Las Vegas, which now is inhabited only by a zombie horde, to empty a casino vault of millions in cash. Along for the ride is Garrett Dillahunt who, in the employ of the shady government man, has another agenda . The trouble is it's less a prison for zombies than their kingdom mainly because the undead are not all of one caste, and they have a leader (explained, sort of, in the film's prologue) who controls the more intelligent ones. They're actually more like Orcs than zombies but either way they object strongly to these annoying humans trespassing on their territory. This cues a lot of bloodshed, shooting and general gore that makes the whole thing borderline humorous. Overall it's entertaining but it lacks the frights needed for a good zombie film and it's not as good as director Zack Snyder's earlier zombie remake Dawn Of The Dead (2004). I think the recent plethora of zombie film and TV has weakened the sub-genre making zombies simply annoying nowadays, we all know how to despatch them easily with nothing more than a kitchen knife!!


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Q: How to add custom class control in xml c# I have extended properties of a button control and saved using xml and xaml. Now when I read it back, I get an error:

The tag 'ClasA' does not exist in XML namespace.

I have done my extending like this
ClassA : Button
{
  string a;
}

Main()
{
 Button b1= new ClassA();
}
//code to read

     StringReader Reader = new StringReader(inputfile);
     XmlReader xmlReader = XmlReader.Create(Reader);

                    Button tempbutton =(Button)XamlReader.Load(xmlReader);
// end of code

How to read back and create a Button back?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This Remington F 4790 review really highlights an affordable razor that gives a very smooth shave.
And that's what this brand seems to be well known for these days. If you check out any popular forum, most of the veterans in there will agree that these products really deliver a super close shave.
After testing this model I totally agree, it does deliver a very close shave, and it's quite affordable. But there are definitely a few tips and recommendations worth knowing before deciding on getting this one.
You might come across other F models.
The 3 hundred series will have two foils but the head doesn't pivot.
With this 4 hundred series the shaving head has the ability to pivot back and forth.
With the 5 to 7 hundred series the razor has three foils, and the 6 and 7 hundred series have better battery displays.
Here are some of the things to take away from this review.
It did deliver a very smooth shave, especially on my cheek and lip area, but it did have a bit of trouble on my neck.
With two days worth of growth it did leave some hairs behind, but I found it worked much better on one day's growth.
So I would suggest that anyone with thick facial hair to shave a bit more often with this unit.
Also, those with sensitive skin might want to avoid this model. It does shave extremely close but it can be a bit harsh, especially if you know you have sensitive skin.
The other thing we touched on was cleaning the razor. It's a pretty easy process but removing the foil is a bit difficult so be careful with that.


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Q: Special Case of Composite mersenne number mod p We want to investigate if a composite mersenne number $p|2^{qb}-1$ where $p\nmid2^q-1$ ,$q,p$ are primes, $p=1+6qb,\ qb\equiv1(mod64) $ and $b$ is an odd number.
In general for
$$\begin{align*}
x^n\equiv1&\pmod p\\\
\end{align*}$$
The distinct solutions are
$$
g^{j(p-1)/d},\ \text{for}\ j=0,1,2\ldots,d-1.
$$
where $d=\gcd(n,p-1)$ and there are $d$ solutions.
Applying this to our special case $x=2^q,n=b \  $we get the number of solutions as $d=\gcd(n,p-1)=gcd(b,6qb)=b$ and the solutions are
$$
g^{j6q},\ \text{for}\ j=1,2\ldots,b-1.
$$
Finally we get $2^q\equiv\ g^{j6q}(mod \ 1+6qb)\\$
This is how far we got can anybody help?
Note: We know If $p|2^{qb}-1$ then $p^2|2^{qb}-1$, so $p^2|(2^{qb}-1)/(2^{q}-1)$


First Appearance: The Uncanny X-Men (vol. 1) #392 (Apr. 2001): "From the Ashes of the Past... Still Another Genesis!"
Paulie Provenzano was strongly anti-gay, which temporarily caused some friction between himself and openly LGBT teammate Northstar.
Paulie was only briefly a member of the X-Men. He was recruited by Jean Grey to be part of a temporary incarnation of the team sometimes known as the "Eve of Destruction X-Men." After their mission to stop Magneto's Genosha-based war against the rest of the world, Paulie was offered permanent membership in the X-Men. But he declined the offer and returned home to Brooklyn.
Powers & History: Invulnerability. Paulie was just a guy from Brooklyn who went to the Marines, where he discovered that it was virtually impossible to hurt him. As a result of his training and his mutant physiology, he is also a little stronger than a normal human. When Paulie returned home after his tour of duty, he confroted the local mob bosses in his old neighborhood and demanded half of their take. The bosses shot at Paulie, which only made him mad, and he beat the snot out of them. At that point Paulie was contacted by Phoenix IV, who was rounding up mutants to help her save Professor X, who had been captured by Magneto. Paulie agreed to join the X-Men for the mission, though his motivation was more Jean herself than any belief in Xavier's dream. Things went from annoying to awful when Paulie discovered that one of his teammates was Northstar, and Paulie didn't want to be on the same squad as a "limp-wristed mapleleaf." Homophobia notwithstanding, Paulie remained on the team after Jean broke up the brawl between him and Jean-Paul. It should be noted that Northstar gave Paulie a nosebleed using super-fast punches, indicating that Provenzano may not be completely invulnerable to rapid attacks. In Genosha, Paulie was thrown out into space by Magneto and ironically, Northstar had to save him using mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. While Paulie was initally upset (and disgusted), he realized Jean-Paul had saved his life and curbed further agression toward him. Finaly, though Paulie proved fairly resistant to Magneto's powers, and even seemed to be getting into the idea of being an X-Man, he left the team after Xavier's rescue ad presumably returned to his home in Brooklyn.


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Keighley 4°c
Weddings E-magazine
District Sport
Arts & Entertainment News
Keighley wife beater jailed for three years
By Court reporter
Mohammed Javed Hussain
A SERIAL wife beater has been jailed for three years after exploding with rage at a comment his partner made on Facebook.
Mohammed Javed Hussain carried out a sustained and brutal attack on Melissa George, who smashed her face on the bathroom sink, Bradford Crown Court heard today.
Hussain, 36, of Grouse Street, Lawkholme, was subject to a suspended jail term for assaulting Miss George when he beat her up at their home on January 2.
He had also attacked her in 2005 and the police had been called out to their home 12 times over the years, the court was told.
Hussain pleaded guilty to assaulting Miss George occasioning her actual bodily harm.
The attack came a year after he was given a sentence of nine months imprisonment, suspended for two years, for common assault on her.
Prosecutor Robert Galley said Hussain was drunk on vodka. He stormed after Miss George, the mother of four children, when he saw a message she had posted on Facebook saying he could not handle his drink.
He punched and kicked her and followed her upstairs to the bathroom.
He assaulted her from behind and she fell, striking her face on the sink.
Miss George fled to a neighbour's home, shocked, shaken and bleeding heavily from her injured nose.
She needed ten stitches to her nose and she suffered a cut forehead and lumps to her head.
The common assault in January last year involved Hussain punching Miss George, kneeing her in the face and throwing a phone at her head.
Hussian's barrister, Gerald Hendron, conceded the latest offence was "extremely unpleasant".
"He foolishly drank vodka and behaved in this highly reprehensible way," Mr Hendron said.
Hussain had reflected on what he had done while on remand in prison and now realised the relationship was over.
Judge Jonathan Rose said: "This lady will carry the scar of this beating for the rest of her life.
"It was an extremely serious and brutal assault on a defenceless woman."
Hussian was jailed for 30 months, with six months of the suspended sentence activated consecutively.
Judge Rose made a restraining order without limit of time.
After the case, Detective Inspector Pam Mills, of the Bradford District Safeguarding Unit, said: "We are pleased with the sentence Hussain has received.
"Domestic abuse will not be tolerated in Bradford District and we would urge victims not to suffer in silence and contact the police.
"All reports will be investigated robustly with the aim of seeking convictions against offenders."


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President-elect Joe Biden picked San Diego Unified Superintendent Cindy Marten as his deputy secretary of education, the Biden administration announced Monday.
No. 8 Villanova tops Rutgers 81-65
By DAN GELSTON, AP Basketball Writer
VILLANOVA, Pa. —
Corey Stokes scored 23 points, Corey Fisher had 19 and No. 8 Villanova won its seventh straight game, 81-65 over Rutgers on Sunday.
Stokes rebounded from a two-point first half to score eight points in the opening 2:11 of the second for the Wildcats (12-1, 1-0 Big East). Stokes, Villanova's leading scorer at 16.4 points, hit two 3s during an 11-0 run that wiped out a four-point halftime deficit and gave the Wildcats a lead they would never give up.
Led by Jonathan Mitchell's 17 points, Rutgers (9-4, 0-1) never faded until the waning minutes. The Scarlet Knights lost their second straight game following a six-game winning streak.
Stokes made just two free throws in the first half before finding his stroke. His four 3s were one more than Rutgers managed.
James Beatty scored 14 points for the Scarlet Knights. Gilvydas Biruta, who finished with 12 points, was ejected in the final minute for a flagrant foul.
For the second straight time, a team coached by Mike Rice proved a major annoyance for Jay Wright's Wildcats. He was in charge at Robert Morris last season when the Colonials led 55-47 with 4:19 left before losing to the Wildcats in overtime in the first round of the NCAA tournament.
This time, it was a strong shooting start and active defense that gave the Scarlet Knights a 37-33 halftime lead.
The Wildcats were just too talented to be upset each time.
Villanova, coming off an emotional victory over city-rival Temple, shook off a sluggish first half to run wild over Rutgers.
Stokes opened the half with his first field goal of the game, then Fisher and Stokes hit consecutive 3s for a 41-37 lead. That capped the 11-0 run in just 2:11 that swung all the momentum to Villanova.
Beatty hit his first 3 of the game with 2:48 left to pull the Scarlet Knights to 68-61.
Antonio Pena, who earlier made a sweet bounce pass out of traffic to Stokes for a 3, went inside for a 70-61 lead.
Pena and Mouphtaou Yarou are forming one of the top frontcourts in Wright's 10 seasons. Yarou grabbed a tough offensive rebound and went straight up for the basket and free throw for a 56-50 lead. Stokes followed with a 3.
The Wildcats won their 44th straight game at their on-campus home, the Pavilion.
They outrebounded Rutgers 40-21 - 17-7 on the offensive boards.
The Scarlet Knights hit seven of their first 10 shots, then survived a 7-minute stretch without a field goal, to take the surprising halftime lead.
Rutgers pounced on the surprisingly sloppy Wildcats. Villanova made nine turnovers that led to 12 points for Rutgers, just a tick off its average of 11.7 per game.
Throw in Stokes' slow start and it's little surprise the Scarlet Knights had a solid first half.


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The Labrador Retriever as a Model of Naturally Occurring Myopia: Genetic and Environmental Contributions
Black, Joanna
Aims: To validate the dog as an animal model of naturally occurring myopia by identifying genetic and environmental factors which are associated with myopia development in the Labrador Retriever. Methods: A large pedigree of Labrador Retrievers was phenotyped for refractive error. Using statistical (familial aggregation) analysis, refractive error data was used to investigate the inheritance of the trait within the pedigree. DNA samples were taken for later analysis. Potential environmental factors early in life were also studied in relation to adult refractive error; including birth weight, growth rate, season of birth, ocular pathology and litter size. DNA samples were extracted and a pilot genetic association study was designed to identify genetic loci for canine refractive error using a genome wide SNP array with a myopic case group and a non-myopic control group. Results: A significant prevalence (37%) of myopia was found within the pedigree studied. Familial aggregation analysis demonstrated a significant genetic contribution, as well as showing a strong environmental contribution. Heritability of refractive error was 0.506. Smaller litters were shown to have significantly higher levels of myopia. No association was found between any environmental factors and adult refractive error, apart from season of birth in one age tertile. A genetic pilot study was designed to test for genetic loci which contribute to canine refractive error. Conclusions: The Labrador Retriever is potentially an ideal animal model for the study of human myopia; the condition is naturally occurring in dogs, develops in a significant proportion of the population and can be phenotyped noninvasively. This study is the first to demonstrate the inheritance of myopia in any animal other than humans. The dog genome allows for myopia to be studied at a molecular level and due to the domesticated nature of the dog, breeding and environmental manipulations can also be conducted to identify further aspects of myopia causatio
Name: 01front.pdf
Name: 02whole.pdf


New SC Mini-Book Workshop with Maggie Holmes!
A few months ago, Studio Calico introduced a new series of workshops...for Mini-Books!
...and the next designer in the group is Maggie Holmes! Woo hoo!
Registration for this class is now open and will be through 5/31. This is a self-paced class and content is already available! What?!? So awesome!
Honestly...those files alone make the class worth the $10 price tag. Wait...what's that? Yeah. I said it. $10!!! That's it!
And if you're a crazy mini-book fanatic and you're pretty sure you'd like to take all 4 of the classes in the series, SC is offering the entire 4-workshop library for just $36! In addition to Nicole & Maggie, you will receive instruction from Marcy Penner and Céline Navarro as well!
For more details on the entire library...click HERE.
To enroll in Maggie's class only...click HERE.


Transfer Balls: Manchester United goalkeeper David de Gea "will join Paris St-Germain in the summer" says the BBC. He will? The Spain international's current deal at Old Trafford runs out at the season's end, we're told. You'd suppose Man Untied would do their utmost to keep hold of their best player – and use that one-year extension. But the BBC says his leaving is a done deal.
But after the facts, we get to the truth: no deal has been signed. Three paragraphs into the Mail's story, we're told David de Gea "could be set to earn around £15.5m a year in wages with the French giants… if he were to sign a four-year deal in Paris." Could. If.
All utter tosh, then. But enough for the Daily Express to tells its readers: "Man Utd news LIVE: Jose Mourinho agrees to January transfer, £60m David de Gea deal." Nope. No deal.
Manchester United fans need not worry. Indeed, on June 15, the Manchester Evening News declared: "Manchester United agree new contract with David de Gea." The paper told us: "David de Gea has agreed a new five-year deal with Manchester United." talkSport told us, also in June 2018: "DE MAN Manchester United agree new contract with goalkeeper David De Gea." Did no-one tell the BBC, Express and the Mail that de Gea was not heading to PSG?


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How to Speak Latin Fluently?
12 June 2018 ∙ 6 minutes reading time
LanguagesLatinTips For Mastering Latin Pronunciation
Is Latin Dead?
Attend the Schola Latína Európæa & Úniversális
Follow a Seminar at the Latinitati Vivae Provehendae Associatio e.V.
Join the Societas Circulorum Latinum
If you still need some reasons to learn how to speak Latin other than show off at the local pub quiz night, here are a few:
Learning any new language will improve your cognitive skills, and because Latin is an extinct language, more difficult to learn than your average romance language, it will most likely have even greater benefits on your learning capacities. It has been shown that the brain of bilingual (or multilingual) people works harder due to the fact that their brain is analysing a conversation, a movie, or a song in more than one language at once.
Latin to English or English to Latin translations are a much better brain teaser than your average newspaper sudoku. Keep your brain young and flexible by practising this fun exercise regularly.
Learning Latin will allow you to understand the origin of at least 60% of any English noun, verb or adjective. 30% of the English language is borrowed from the Roman native tongue while another 30% comes from the French language.
Studying Latin is also a way to study some classical Latin texts, in their original language.
If you're learning Latin declensions, vocabulary and grammar rules, you might as well learn how to speak like a proper Roman, don't you think?
Get a Latin tutor here now.
One of the most famous orators and writer of the Roman Empire, Cicero is one of the authors that was rediscovered during the Renaissance period (by DEZALB).
Latin is no longer part of the curriculum on U.K. schools. Only a few public (meaning private sector) schools and universities still offer Latin classes online.
But up until the 1900's, anyone would go to university, albeit it was not that many people at the time, had to learn Latin.
The language spoken by the Romans is declared officially extinct even if it still the official language of the Vatican and the Catholic Church.
But glancing at the history of the language, it was roughly 2000 years ago that the Latin language was at his best.
Why? Simply because the Romans had conquered every piece of land from Portugal in the West, to Irak in the East and from England to the North to Egypt in the South.
Under the reign of Emperor Trajan, from 98AD to 117AD, the Roman Empire reached its maximum territorial extent. At that time Latin was spoken all over Britania (Great Britain), from Mancunium (Manchester) to Londinium (London).
Can you guess how many Latin words populate our English language today?
The language that was born in the Latium region of central Italy had spread as further as the legions of the Roman Empire marched.
Romans make Latin the official language of any newly conquered land which resulted in two things:
The administration of the Roman provinces was entirely run in Latin, and the Empire oversaw every political and civic aspect of the land.
Schools throughout the Empire were taught in Latin.
Some online Latin classes anyone can enrol in!
Why did Latin die then?
Well simply because the Roman Empire ended collapsing. In 476, the last Western Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustus, was deposed and historians agreed that it marked the end of the supremacy of the Roman Empire.
From then on, institutions, administration and of course the lingua franca (common language) were taken over by the local tribes and ethnicities throughout the former provinces of the Empire.
You can still learn how to write in Latin, though!
One institution that survived to the Roman Empire was the Christian Church. Latin was still the only language used by Christian priests and monks and mass kept being celebrated in Latin until the 1960's in Catholic churches across the world.
Even though vulgar Latin was still the common vernacular in most of what was to become England, the invasion of the Germanic Anglo-Saxon tribes introduced Old English and seem to have caused the extinction of Latin.
It is also acknowledged by linguists and historians, that given the great distance of the Britannia province (the name for the Roman Empire province that became England) to Rome, the collapse of the Roman institutions and infrastructures along with the status and prestige of the Roman culture and civilisation was felt with an even greater impact.
Unlike France or Spain, where romance languages (derived from Latin) took over the local idioms, the British Isles returned to those local languages.
During the 15th century, the Renaissance movement reintroduces classic Latin texts, and the movement that started in Italy and France finally reached England 100 years later.
At that time, many Latin words made their way into what was Middle English and as science developed, and universities across Europe start collaborating, Latin remains a common language for all scholars.
That preference for Latin in the scientific fields will stay strong. Even Newton wrote his Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica or Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy in Latin, in 1687.
Follow these tips to write concisely in Latin!
Isaac Newton, one of the most famous English scientist, wrote most of his books in Latin, showing how much this language was important in the field of science (devilgate).
The text of the famous scientist was not translated into common English until 1728, more than 50 years later!
This unification of Europe's researchers is the main reason why at least 90% of English scientific words come from Latin.
From botany, anatomy, chemistry to medicine, Latin is all over your science textbooks!
This international school holds Latin as a living heritage of humankind. For almost 15 years now, students have graduated from the Schola Latína Európæa & Úniversális where only classes about Latin are given.
The course is based on Clément Desessard, Lingua Latina sine molestia (The Latin Language with no pain), an Assimil method.
Desessard's method is based on a textbook which exists with the explanations about grammar and vocabulary given in French (Le latin sans peine), in Italian (Il latino senza sforzo) or in German (Latein ohne Mühe) but an English translation can be provided to English native speaker.
This method is based on the use, listening and speaking of Latin and it is much like learning any modern language.
This online school offers two different options, a leisurely one, to be completed in two academic years, and an intensive one, in one academic year. Teaching is delivered initially either in English or in Spanish, and eventually only in Latin.
Their courses, with the title of Sermo Latinus, emphasises their active nature, are completely gratis (free of charge), and are addressed to all those who want to learn Latin.
«I cannot repeat enough how this course has marvellously exceeded expectations [...] It has just been a great course and so enlightening! I have learned more specifically about the active use of the Latin language in this course than I did in all of graduate school. I found the sections on pronunciation and the coinage of neologisms throughout the long history of the Latin language to be particularly instructive and interesting.»
(D. Griffinus, Latin teacher, completed SL I&II 2010-2011)
To register just head to the Schola Latína Európæa & Úniversális website. A new class cycle starts every September.
The most famous of Sir Isaac Newton, " Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy".
If you wish to start chatting like a proper Roman you will need to make sure that you master the in and out of the Latin language properly. That's why you should consider the LVPA.
On their website you will find many seminars, taking place all around the world, where students meet and exchange only using Latin.
The website is entirely in Latin, which will force you to practice your reading. Under the Nuntii (News) you will find all the details of the next seminars.
And if you read the news in Latin that is also possible. Take a look at the Nuntii Latini website which offers international news articles but also a radio station to listen to the new in Latin. Listen to this radio daily and you will surely be fluent in no time.
You may want to unlock the mysteries of the Latin alphabet...
The Basilic of St Peter in the Holy city of the Vatican, is covered with Latin phrases.
Far from being a cult, this association has for main objective to get all Latin speakers in touch with each other.
This Society is divided into local branches and The Circulus Latínus Londiniénsis (London Latin Circle) gathers all kind of people living in or near London.
No need to be an expert as even beginners can join. The London circle meets once a month on the second Monday of each month.
Their website is also only in Latin (except for the home page which has an English version) but you can write to their email address in English if you wish so.
Joining such a circle is certainly a good way to meet Latin fluent speakers and these Latin enthusiasts will be more than happy to help you in your apprenticeship of Latin.
Chatting in Latin is not any crazier than learning Klingon or Dothraki.
Now pick up Superprof's complete guide to learning Latin...
Need a Latin teacher?


**Please note that appointments are based on Kennel opening hours and volunteer availability, they are usually made on weekdays between 12-5 around the dogs' training sessions and walks.
To book your own dog or cat in for their holiday there.
Usually the quickest and easiest way to get in touch is through our Facebook page however you can also use the form below.