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		<title>Organization</title>
		<description><![CDATA[National Water Supply and Drainage Board]]></description>
		<link>http://waterboard.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=28&Itemid=103&lang=en</link>
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		<managingEditor>donotreply@waterboard.lk (National Water Supply and Drainage Board)</managingEditor>
		<item>
			<title>Research & Study Symposium</title>
			<link>http://waterboard.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=196&catid=28&Itemid=103&lang=en</link>
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			<description><![CDATA[
Research & Study Symposium Presentations

Presentation Name
Downlod

Coagulation for SWRO Pretreatment Eliminating SWRO Bio-fouling Potential

Click Here...

Conservation of water through procurement of quality goods & services
Click Here...

Design and Construction of Low Cost Package Treatment Plant Using Poly Ethylene (PE) Tanks
Click Here...

Developing an Overall Performance Indicator (OPI) to measure the performance of National Water Supply service in Sri Lanka

Click Here...

Disposal of water treatment plant waste water sludge  Trials in brick manufacture
Click Here...

Dosing of proper oxidizing agents pretreatment to Kalatuwawa water to reduce theTHM formation in drinking water

Click Here...

Effect of change in land use on surface water resources Case study in Badulu oya catchment

Click Here...

Effective Utilization of Water Utility Geo-Data base for Day to Day Operation &Maintenance Activities of NWSDB
Click Here...

Energy Conservation Potential for Water Treatment System
Click Here...

Evaluating Best Practices to control Residual Chlorine, THM and Coliforms in a Water Distribution System A case study on Kandy South Water Distribution System
Click Here...

Evaluation of Water Allocation Models, Case Study Menik Ganga River Basin, Sri Lanka
Click Here...

Hazards identification, Risk assessment and analysis in catchment and treatment for implementation  water safety plan
Click Here...

Heavy metal contamination levels in Kelani river
Click Here...

Identification of Associated Risks in the Drinking Water Distribution Systems Due to Low Water Demand
Click Here...

Importance Of Endurance Test Of Water-Work Products
Click Here...

Innovative Flood Protection approach using remote sensing and GIS techniques
Click Here...

Innovative for micro catchment conservation of community water supply schemes in integrated approach; A case study from Kandy District
Click Here...

Investigation on Energy Conservation Potentials and Benchmarking for Drinking Water Supply Schemes
Click Here...

Iron and Manganese Removal in Ground Water Using Iron Bacteria
Click Here...

Managing project team communication process in construction phase of public sector and private sector building  projects
Click Here...

Model estimation of dynamic surface runoff in urban drainage areas consists of infiltration facilities
Click Here...

Need of Catchment Management as an Option of Water Quality Improvement
Click Here...

Reducing Non Revenue water in NWS&DB through changing attitudes of employees
Click Here...

Social Exclusion & Its Impact on Poverty, a Case Study of Urban Poor Communities in Colombo
Click Here...

Socio Economic Benefits of Individual Water Connections for Underserved Settlements in Colombo City
Click Here...

Sociological analysis of the influence of media on water crisis in Sri Lanka
Click Here...

Surface Water Quality Assessment along the River Ma Oya and its' Effects on Water Treatment for Drinking
Click Here...

Wastewater Reuse as Environmentally Sound Technologies
Click Here...

Water Quality Calculation and Management System
Click Here...

Water Safety Plans for Small Communities in Sri Lanka
Click Here...

Water Sharing and Conflicts between Kilinochchi and Jaffna Districts  A Critical Evaluation of Iranaimadu Water Treaty

Click Here...

Web Based Training Information Management System (TIMS) for National Water Supply & Drainage Board

Click Here...

]]></description>
			<author>sample@mail.com (Super User)</author>
			<category>Research & Development</category>
			<pubDate>Wed, 01 Apr 2015 02:32:41 +0000</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Contact Us</title>
			<link>http://waterboard.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=67&catid=28&Itemid=103&lang=en</link>
			<guid isPermaLink="true">http://waterboard.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=67&catid=28&Itemid=103&lang=en</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[
The Research and Development section is located at Thelawala Road, Ratmalana

Tel
:
+94 11 2625196

Fax
:
+94 11 2607238

Key Persons:

Eng. (Mrs.) D.M.L.C. Pitawala
Assistant General Manger (R&D)
Mobile: +94 773856723
Email: agmrnd@gmail.com

Eng.N.P.Goonawardena
Chief Engineer
Telephone: +94112625196

Eng.S.K.L.S. Rupasinghe
Chief Engineer
Telephone: +94112625196
]]></description>
			<author>test@maoil.com (piyo)</author>
			<category>Research & Development</category>
			<pubDate>Tue, 19 Aug 2014 02:34:37 +0000</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Technical Data</title>
			<link>http://waterboard.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=66&catid=28&Itemid=103&lang=en</link>
			<guid isPermaLink="true">http://waterboard.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=66&catid=28&Itemid=103&lang=en</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[
The following Map shows the Hardness variation over Sri Lankan land.

]]></description>
			<author>test@maoil.com (piyo)</author>
			<category>Research & Development</category>
			<pubDate>Tue, 19 Aug 2014 02:30:11 +0000</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Technical Papers</title>
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			<description><![CDATA[
This section will be available soon...
]]></description>
			<author>test@maoil.com (piyo)</author>
			<category>Research & Development</category>
			<pubDate>Tue, 19 Aug 2014 02:28:48 +0000</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Publications</title>
			<link>http://waterboard.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=64&catid=28&Itemid=103&lang=en</link>
			<guid isPermaLink="true">http://waterboard.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=64&catid=28&Itemid=103&lang=en</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[
Low Cost Water Treatment Studies

Pebble Matrix filter is identifiead as a low cost method for removing high turbidity in raw water and pilot project was carried out at Kataragama Water Supply Scheme, following pdf will give you more details of the project.

First Full-Scale Trials of Pebble Matrix filtration
[PDF - 1.39 MB]
[ZIP - 1.35 MB]

]]></description>
			<author>test@maoil.com (piyo)</author>
			<category>Research & Development</category>
			<pubDate>Tue, 19 Aug 2014 02:27:25 +0000</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Ongoing Researches</title>
			<link>http://waterboard.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=63&catid=28&Itemid=103&lang=en</link>
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Package Water Treatment Plants

In recent past years, National Water Supply & Drainage Board had constructed several package water treatment plants in the capacities of 500, 1000 and 1500 cum per day. Mega plants are most suitable for urban areas where the population is concentrated. Compared with the package water treatment plants the investment for mega plant is very much high. The cost of a 500 cum per day treatment plant only is around SL Rupees 12-13 million according to 2012 calculations, which includes the cost of material, fabrication, transportation & installation from Aerator to Filter exclusive support piers, back wash pumps, chemical dosing, concrete foundations and ancillary buildings etc. The price variation is depends on the site location & the condition.

By the initiative of the Research & Development Section the first 500 cum package plant was constructed in year 2005 in Pugoda. In recent past year with continuous improvements Research & Development section has designed 500, 1000 & 1500 cum treatment plant with tray & cascade aerators with the options of mechanical, hydraulic flocculation. This is a product of team work of NWSDB, the design by the Research & Development Section, drawn by Planning & Design Section, fabrication & installation by Central Work Shop. Finally, the relevant regions take the field adjustments, construction, supply and installation of pumps, chemical dosing and necessary building, supervision, operation & maintenance.

Plant Location
Plant Capacity (Cum/day)
Status/ Year
Remarks

Pugoda
500
Completed in 2005

Mahiyangana
2000
Completed in 2007

Alawwa
500
Completed in 2008

Oyamaduwa
1500
Completed /Year 2012

Thanthirimale
1000
500 cum plant year 2012
Balance 500 cum/day to be completed

Kilinochchi
500
90% completed

Anuradhapura sacred city
1000
75% completed

Thmbuththegama
1000
Fabrication is in progress

Sithulpawwa
500
Fabrication is in progress

In Kilinochchi plant is with new feature of ZIG-ZAG cascade aerator. In Kilinochchi 500 cum package water treatment plant is constructed in the area of appr. 107 square meters land. Where in Pugoda it was 400 square feet.

Liquid Sodium Hypochlorite (Naocl) Chemical Disinfectant for Household Water Treatment (HWT) in Sri Lanka

Around the world there are number of household water treatment techniques in practice. In South Asia Plain sedimentation, cloth filter, boiling, solar disinfection and chlorination are the five most commonly used HWTS options. Boiling, cloth filter and plain sedimentation are widely used traditional household water treatment options in Sri Lanka. Solar disinfection is used by few households.

The disinfection of drinking water and municipal wastewater provides critical public health protection. Disinfection destroys bacteria and viruses, helping to protect ecosystems and prevent the spread of waterborne disease such as cholera, typhoid, dysentery and hepatitis 'A'.

The main objective of this research was to produce commercially available liquid chlorine [Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl)] disinfectant for household water treatment and for emergencies in Sri Lanka. Thereby reduce the mortality & mobility of water borne disease.

Research & Development section has made a household disinfectant solution (NaOCl). As an initial step, Research & Development Section has planned to conduct a field survey for households to get their perception on pilot basis. The survey will be conducted among, who take only well water for drinking purposes.

Around the world there are number of household water treatment techniques in practice. In South Asia Plain sedimentation, cloth filter, boiling, solar disinfection and chlorination are the five most commonly used HWTS options. Boiling, cloth filter and plain sedimentation are widely used traditional household water treatment options in Sri Lanka. Solar disinfection is used by few households.

The disinfection of drinking water and municipal wastewater provides critical public health protection. Disinfection destroys bacteria and viruses, helping to protect ecosystems and prevent the spread of waterborne disease such as cholera, typhoid, dysentery and hepatitis 'A'.

The main objective of this research was to produce commercially available liquid chlorine [Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl)] disinfectant for household water treatment and for emergencies in Sri Lanka. Thereby reduce the mortality & mobility of water borne disease.

Research & Development section has made a household disinfectant solution (NaOCl). As an initial step, Research & Development Section has planned to conduct a field survey for households to get their perception on pilot basis. The survey will be conducted among, who take only well water for drinking purposes.

Mitigation of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Provision of Safe Water for Drinking and Cooking Purpose for the Chronic Kidney Disease Affected in Polpithigama

Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) has been prevalent in the North Western Province of Sri Lanka over the past decade or so. According to Health Ministry, in certain areas of this province fairly large number of population is affected by KDu inclusive of children.

At present, few pockets of the identified CKDu areas are not covered under NWSDB pipe born water supply, but those areas are covered by piped water supply systems provided by NGO's and CWSSP. These systems supply almost untreated water from groundwater source such as dug wells & tube well.

This study covers the water supply provided by NGOs' to around 500 families from 30 dug wells, 4 tube wells and one spring.

The aim of this research study is to study the water quality and social survey of the above mentioned 35 groundwater sources. The water quality tests include Physical, Chemical, Biological, Pesticides, Heavy metals, Arsenic and Sodium etc. At present the social survey is in progress.

Collecting water samples from ground water source
Social Survey

Rainwater Harvesting to Mitigate Chronic Kidney Disease in North Central / Western provision

Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) has been prevalent in the North Central and North Western provinces of Sri Lanka over the past decade. The number of cases has been steadily rising since the inception of the disease. In certain areas 5 to 10 % of the population of all age groups including children is affected. CKDu has grown to epidemic level in Kurunegala & Anuradhapura districts. Many research groups including a specialist team of WHO are involved in studies to identify the cause of this disease. Naturally available water in the district is not a major cause of disease according to WHO report (year 2013) but statistics reveal that treated water from NWSDB piped water schemes have very low contribution to it. Considering this situation NWSDB concludes that drinking safe water could control the disease.

As it is not practically possible to cover the entire district with pipe borne water, NWSDB proposes rain water harvesting and provision of treated water via bowser supplies could help the un served communities to avoid this deadly disease. With the lessons learnt from provision of ferro-cement tanks, NWSDB has initiated in year 2010 to provide 154 nos of a capacity of 2000L plastic tanks to identified dwellings of the patients in Polpithigama area. The houses in the respective areas were selected giving weightage for the following.

Houses where there is a kidney patient

Houses where there had been a fatality due to CKD

Number of children below 18 years of age

Willing to accept rain water for consumption

The Salient features of the facility provided include of a cloth filter, automatic first flush facility and introduction of a smaller capacity poly ethylene tank. The pilot project contains 154 rain water tanks and a follow up monitoring program scheduled to ensure the sustainability of the project.

Girandurukotte

The following areas (Shown in Figure 1) were inspected by R&D section after the discussion with Manager (Bandarawela) and OIC (Girandurukotte) to provide bowser supply for CKD affected areas close to the Girandurukotte Water Supply Scheme (WSS).

Haguranketha Yaya

Theldeniyaya

Figure 1

The Water Treatment Process includes Aeration, sedimentation and rapid sand filatration to purify the raw water. Further, the WSS was designed to cater 3200 house holds. However, NWSDB has provided 1800 connections at present under Gamidiriya programme in Girandurukotte area. Hence, OIC (Girandurukotte) has revealed that there is a possibility to distribute excess water trough bowser to other areas which are not covered by the existing water distribution network. Based on this the pilot project area Haguranketha Yaya village was selected. The details of PE storage tanks are as shown in Table1 and Figure 2 shows the placing of PE tank at site.

Figure 2

Project Area
No of Houses
Tank Capacity
No of Tanks
Coverage / Tank

Haguranketha Yaya
97
1000L
20
5 house hold

*Theoretical tank filling frequency: 7 Days

The post survey was carried to investigate project performance and it revealed 87% of the total population (Figure 3) is adapted to the introduced system. Further, Figure 4 shows the percentage of the CKDu patient in the Haguranketha Yaya village

Figure 3
Figure 4

Simple Flow Control Device for Small Discharges (Chemical Dosing)

This is a simple flow control device which was constructed and tested to get required flow rate by adjusting the water height. Flow rates between 6 and 30 l/min can be used to measure accurately with this simple device equipped with 1/2" nipple.

Discharge through nipple was measured for different equilibrium heights of water. A graph was drawn according to the test results. Then for each equilibrium water height the theoretical discharge and actual discharge were calculated.

[Discharge (Theoretical)/Discharge (Actual)] = 0.64

h (cm)
Volume (l)
Q Actual (l/min)
Q average(l/min)

31.6
5.37
32.22
32.14

5.37
32.22

5.33
31.98

Practically measured discharge is shown above. Therefore from this device 30L/min flow can be obtained at 31.6 cm water height.

Similarly by adjusting height different flow can be measured using this device.

The graph of Height Vs Discharge for simple flow control device

If required flow = 0.5 L/S = 30L/min

Assuming discharge factor 0.64
30 = 0.64* Qth
Qth= 46.88 l/min

Using above theoretical graph

(40-30) /(52.85-45.77) = (40-h)/ (52.85-46.88)
1.41 =(40-h)/5.97
31.6 cm = h

Ion Exchange Resin for Fluoride Removal

Health impacts from long term use of fluoride bearing water have been summarized as;

<0.5 mg/L
:
Dental caries

0.5 - 1.0 mg/L
:
Promotes dental health

1.0 – 4 mg/L
:
Dental fluorosis

>4 mg/L
:
Dental & Skeletal fluorosis

>10 mg/L
:
Crippling fluorosis

In this research we will focus on removal of fluoride by a fluoride selective ion exchange resin. The fluoride selective ion exchange resin is a chelating resin loaded with aluminum ions. In the lab scale this research is carried out it show success results.

Fluoride concentration in feed water
:
1.52 mg/L

pH
:
7.43

Flow rate
:
100 mL/min

In this trial a single ion exchange filter containing 200g of resin was used. A representative ion exchange curve is shown in figure 1. It can be concluded from the curve that the break through of fluoride at 1 ppm occurred after 18 L, which equal 3 hours of operation, the operating capacity of the ion exchange resin is therefore, about 4.68x10-5 grams of fluoride adsorbed per one gram of resin.

Reduce Residual Chlorine in Drinking Water using Activated Carbon Filter

Chlorine is added as final treatment step to disinfect and to provide residual chlorine to maintain this status. Removal of residual chlorine using activated carbon at the point of use helps to improve the taste and reduce health risks. About one ppm chlorine gas is injected into water to produce free chlorine that destroys and deactivates pathogenic and other organisms through oxidation. The residual free chlorine of 0.2ppm (WHO 2011) provides continued disinfection as water piped to homeowners, but another practical circumstance cause undesirable taste and odor.

For four months interval this filter can effectively reduce residual chlorine. Research continuous further.

Activated carbon dechlorinates drinking water through a chemisorption process whereby residual chlorine catalytically reacts with the carbon surface and is transformed into ionized hydrochloric acid. The process is increase pH levels typically found in drinking water. The reaction is as follows;

C* and CO* represent activated carbon and the surface oxide on the carbon, respectively.

Tap the activated carbon filter to water line test for residual chlorine properties of filter and results as follows.

Dimension of the filter
Length - 50 cm

Diameter- 5 cm

Particle size distribution
1.70mm =Max: 05%

1.70 x 0.60mm=Min: 90%

0.60mm=Max: 05%

Flow rate
150 mL/min

Demonstration of Treatment Plant

Research and Development Section has developed a demonstration model of Water Treatment plant, to understand the basic treatment process in Conventional Water treatment plant.

The processes indicate in this model is given as below.

Aeration
:
Water from raw water source, will contain little or no dissolved oxygen. Hence, oxygen is added here. Also this step removes dissolved gases such as CO2, H2S and Ammonia from water thus improving the taste. Also dissolved iron is oxidized

Coagulation
:
The water contains very small particles less than 1 μm (Colloidal solids). They cannot settle out of suspension naturally because of their smaller size and negative charge. Coagulants such as Alum{[Al2(SO4)3. 18H2O] – Hydrated Aluminium Sulphate} are added to neutralize and destabilize these particles to induce them to aggregate into bundles known as flocs. This flash mixing with Alum is done with correction of pH to around 6.8. Sometimes Lime is used for this pH correction. About 60 seconds is enough for this Flash mixing step.

Flocculation
:
The bundling of destabilized particles is termed flocculation which is based on particle collisions. Flocculation is done practically in three steps termed "Slow Mixing" which improves the chance of particle collisions.

Tube Settler
:
The flocs formed after flocculation are settleable and hence removed by settling in sedimentation tank. As the flocs settle, the clarified water at the surface overflows a simple weir on top to the filtration unit. Tube settler is one of the most efficient settling device. It needs only one fifth of land area compared to a plain sedimentation tank.

Filtration
:
After sedimentation, the remaining impurities in water are very fine solids. (<10 mg/L in concentration) and dissolved material. Some of these impurities are originally in the raw water, but some are formed during the coagulation process. The residual material is removed in the filtration process by passing settled water through a layer of fine sand.

Disinfection
:
Although the coagulation process can remove some viruses and filtration can remove bacteria up to certain extent, the finished water may still contains some pathogenic viruses and bacteria which need to be destroyed or kept at safe level. Hence chlorination is applied to disinfect the filtered water before distributing to the consumers.

]]></description>
			<author>test@maoil.com (piyo)</author>
			<category>Research & Development</category>
			<pubDate>Mon, 18 Aug 2014 05:39:05 +0000</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Research & Development Section</title>
			<link>http://waterboard.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=62&catid=28&Itemid=173&lang=en</link>
			<guid isPermaLink="true">http://waterboard.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=62&catid=28&Itemid=173&lang=en</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[
Research & Development Section of National Water Supply and Drainage Board has been established to innovate new technologies on water supply activities in the organization.

Research & Development Departments are common in many larger organizations, especially those working with newer products or technologies.  At present the government target is to meet 100% safe drinking water coverage in the country and increase pipe born water supply coverage to 60% by year 2020 where as at present safe water coverage is 85% and the pipe born coverage is about 45%.

Due to human activites, water quality is deteriorating day by day and water supply is becoming challenging task with climate change.

Therefore task of the R&D section is to selection of appropriate technologies and optimization of cost.  R&D section is actively involved in monitoring of Reverse Osmosis Plants installed in North Central Province where Chronic Kidney Disease patients are present.

Vision

Identify and implement economic sustainable means of providing potable water to people of Sri Lanka while minimizing environmental pollution.

Mission

Exploit Local expertise and material as far as possible to succeed with application oriented research activities

Contact Details

Postal Address
:
Research & Development Section
National Water Supply & Drainage Board
Telawala Road, Ratmalana

Telephone

:
+94 11 2625196

Fax

Name & Designation
Telephone
Fax
Mobile
E-mail

Eng. (Mrs.) D.M.L.C. Pitawala
Assistant General Manager (R&D)
 +94 11 2625196

+94 773856723
agmrnd@gmail.com

Eng. N.P. Goonawardena
Chief Engineer
+94 11 2625196

Eng. S.K.L.S. Rupasinghe
Chief Engineer
+94 11 2625196

Important Research Needs :

National Water Supply and Drainage Board welcome professionals' assistance to intervention of following research areas where extensive studies are needed.

Durability analysis of Domestic Water Meters

Premature failure of Domestic Water Meters

Low Cost technologies on Algae removal in water

Water Treatment with Reverse Osmosis Systems Click Here.........

Manual for the Package Treatment Plant Click Here.........

On going Projects done by Research and Development Section - 2014

Item No.
Project

1
Reseaerch on Rain Water Harvesting to Mitigate Chronic Kidney Disease in North Western Province in Sri Lanka.

2
Provision of Safe Water for Drinking and Cooking Purposes for Chronic Kidney Disease Affected in Polpithigama.

3
Model Treatment Plant

4
Bottling of Liquid Chlorination

5
Study of proper oxidizing agent as pretreatment to Kalatuwawa raw water.

6
Jaffna

7
Research Study on study of risk assessment on pumping wells and groundwater vulnerability of aquifers in the Buttala Divisional Secretary area, Monaragala District

8
Research Proposal on Ground Water Dynamics of the Murunkan basin.  An environmental isotropic study for effective management of Murunkan well field.

9
Environmental and Social Factors

Proposed Projects

1
Facters affect for Domestic Water Meter defects

2
Study on Water Meter Errors (After 8 years)

3
Perception of Users

Completed Research

Item
Topic
Collaboration

1
Air Release Valve (PVC) to be installed before water meter
NWSDB

2
Package plants Pugoda 500 cum/d & Manganese removal at Mahiyangana 2000 cum/d
NWSDB

3
Research on impact of the water pollution on water study supply from Kelani River
NWSDB, JICA

4
Package water treatment plant 500 cum/d for Alawwa WSS
NWSDB NW Region and
Central Workshop

5
Sociological research on pipe water supply Sri Lanka
University of Colombo, NWSDB

6
Well water quality, Werahera
University of Sri Jayawardhanapura, NWSDB

7
Maha Oya pollution study
University of Sri Jayawardhanapura, NWSDB

8
Contamination sources of Bomburu Ella reservoir at Nuwara Eliya
University of Sri Jayawardhanapura, NWSDB

9
Pebble matrix filter, Kataragama
PNG University of Tech, World Bank, NWSDB

10
Sand seiving machine
NWSDB

11
Research studies on coastal towns of Ampara district (ECTAD) WSS
NWSDB

12
Konduwatuwan Alage problem study with respect to treatment plant performance and recommendations
University of Moratuwa, NWSDB

13
Proposal to improve treatment processes as using water from irrigation tanks taking Konduwatuwan Alage study as a case study
University of Moratuwa, NWSDB

14
Hardness removal study for Puttlam WSS
NWSDB, NW Region, CLS

15
Research on hydro geological and geochemical study on the natural springs the Matale District
NWSDB, GW

16
Assessment of Tri Halomethane formation in Chlorinated water supplies of Greater Colombo WSS of NWSDB
ITI and NWSDB

17
Islandwide algae identification and screening of Microsistin study
University of Sri Jayawardhanapura, NWSDB

18
Water Pollution due to Pesticide residues and Toxic metals i Drinking water Bodies of Sri Lanka
NWSDB and CEA

19
Point of use water treatment study, Clay filter and Domestic Slow Sand Filter
Red Cross, NWSDB

20
Water Treatment Plant index (WTPI) Study
Open University, NWSDB

21
Preliminary study on Alge removal efficiency of Microstrainer at Polonnaruwa Water Treatment Plant
University of Sri Jayawardhanapura, NWSDB

22
Health risk (Oesophageal and stomach cancer) due high Nitrate in Jaffna ground water
Universit of Ruhuna, North Region, NWSDB

23
Study on algal and cynobacteria identification in selected drinking and irrigation water bodies in Sri Lanka
Universtiy of Sri Jayawardhanapura, NWSDB

24
Analysis of water quality in selected locations of Kaluganga
University of Sri Jayawardhanapura, NWSDB

25
Water Safety Plan 2011-2012, 2012-2013 Biennium
NWSDB, WHO

26
Projection of population for the Western Province metropolitan area 2012-2030
Department of Demography, University of Colombo

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			<pubDate>Mon, 18 Aug 2014 05:37:41 +0000</pubDate>
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
MINERAL SPRING HOUSE
This introductory/historical account appeared in the Mt. Ear in Fall 2006.
For an update on the fundraising efforts, click here.
By Terry Leavitt
CCI Editor/Salmon Press
It was a wonder of the age. White Mountain Mineral Spring played an important role in the history of the Mt. Washington Valley, drawing visitors to the area in the decades around the turn of the 20th century.
Now a group of Conway residents is working to restore and preserve the White Mountain Mineral Spring House, all that remains of that 19th century marvel, as the land around it becomes busy with new life.
The spring house is located on Pine Hill in Redstone, next to the new Kennett High School.
Cindy Russell, Carl Lindblade and Bayard Kennett are working, as a committee of Conway Historical Society, to raise money for the project. They are working with Conway Historical Society director David Emerson, CHS President Ken Rancourt and CHS Treasurer Tom Bryant. The group hopes to raise $60,000 this winter and to complete the restoration by fall of 2007, to coincide with the opening of the high school. "We want it to be restored to its original beauty and to present a finished look to the area," Russell said.
Mineral Spring House in original condition
photo courtesy of Conway Historical Society
The land and building are currently owned by Kennett Company, which has agreed to donate it, pending Conway School Board approval. Russell said that ideally, the property would be turned over to another organization, hopefully either the school district or the historical society, to own and preserve.
If neither of those organizations is able to take over the property, she said, the Kennett Company has agreed to hold the title, with restrictions specifying that the land and building will remain an historical site for the enjoyment of the general public.
Whomever owns the property, Russell said, "I think it should be a partnership with the school, which would help with security of the property."
She said lighting should be trained on the property at night to highlight its beauty as well as to protect it, and she hopes a small area in the new school could be dedicated to displaying the history of the mineral spring."My dream is that when this is all finished, there would be a glass exhibit case that I hope the school would allow to be placed in the high school entrance," she said. "It could be placed in the foyer, should they agree to this, to keep reminding visitors and students that this is indeed a very special piece of property, and the kids need to understand and respect it." The case could include such artifacts as bottles from the bottling plant, bills of sale, photos of the area and a piece of carved wood that was part of the Nash house.
A showcase for history
The White Mountains have been calling to tourists since the early 1800s.
Before there was skiing, before there was shopping, people came here to enjoy cool, quiet summers and fresh air of the mountains and lakes. There were fewer tourists then, but many came for the season, often arriving by train with their trunks, and settling in for weeks at local inns and hotels.
Hotels would plan day trips to local sites of interest like the mineral spring. Visitors used to strip the bark off birch trees to make cups to drink the water, and hoping to experience its restorative and refreshing effects.
When the springs were discovered in the 1800s, they were first used by local lumbermen for the engine of a steam saw mill. Later a manmade granite slab was constructed to provide a deep pool to collect the water and give the spring definition. The hexagonal pool is 12 feet in diameter and 40 inches deep. Around that pool they built the spring house in about 1892.
William Shepard Nash, of Foxborough, Mass,, and J. A. Carlton, of Conway, formed White Mountain Mineral Spring Water Company in 1882. They built a house (around 1896) and a bottling plant at the site. The house, which became known as the Nash House, served as a home for the Nash family and also apparently housed guests in the summer.
An archeological excavation of the site, between 2004 and 2005, in preparation for building the new high school, uncovered the remains of the Nash House, along with more than 5000 artifacts (many of them fragments of glass from the bottling operation). The water was used in local hotels, bottled and sold for use in cities and on ocean voyages. Later its natural carbonation was used to make ginger ale, birch beer, root beer and strawberry soda.
According to an article written by Rob Burbank in The Mountain Ear in April 1988, bottling plant manager Myer Wolf once had plans to develop the property as a spa, but those plans never materialized.
Good for what ails you
Visits to mineral springs were a common activity in the nineteenth century, both in America and in Europe. They were social gathering places and people often hoped the waters provided natural cures for illnesses of the day.
By the early 1880s, local writer Lucy Crawford was touting the springs as "the wonder of the age," and "the greatest of all discoveries east of the Rocky Mountains."
Crawford said it was the lumbermen who first noticed the health effects of the water. "They soon noticed a marked diuretic and cathartic effect and their appetites were wonderfully increased. Since then, as a knowledge of the peculiar qualities of the water has become known, its use by persons troubled with various chronic difficulties has increased and been attended with beneficial and, in some instances, truly wonderful results."
Visitors were sometimes purported to be cured of illnesses as serious as tuberculosis after spending a season drinking the water. An analysis of the water done in 1909 determined it to be an alkaline, silicated water with 2 grains of free carbonic acid per gallon, "which renders it bright and sparkling, and it can be kept for any length of time without depositing any sediment."
The water also contained carbonate of magnesia, lithium carbonate, and sulphate of potassium, which were considered to impart mild medicinal properties and to make the water useful in a variety of diseases. Chemist Edmund Angell of Derry reported that it was "an excellent drinking water."
Fashions changed and the passion for mineral springs and bottled water lost favor for decades before returning in the current era. The bottling plant closed and the company was dissolved in 1929 (It had been sold to William Kennett in 1920). The Nash house fell into ruin, and around 1970, it was burned down as part of a fire department training exercise, to prevent it from becoming a hazard.
Renewed interest
For decades, no one thought much about the spring house or the mineral spring around which it was built. The pastoral pleasure of going to the country to take the waters had been replaced by different recreational pursuits.
The Nash house was eventually demolished and all that remained was the spring house, receded into the quiet woods at the edge of the growing strip of businesses in North Conway. People knew about it because hiking and skiing trails took them near it. Sometimes it was used by young people looking for a secret place to party.
The spring attracted more public attention as the world encroached upon it once again, first with plans for the Conway Bypass and then with the building of the high school.
In the archeological study commissioned by the school district, archeologists at John Milner Associates in Littleton, Mass., noted, "The spring house is indisputably significant to the history of the state as a whole, since it is the only surviving structure associated with the mineral-spring industry of New Hampshire."
Linda Ray Wilson, deputy state historic preservation officer, has written a letter in support of the project, noting "The New Hampshire Division of Historic Resources is very pleased to learn that there is a local initiative to preserve the 19th century 'Mineral Springs House.' " She noted that the Mineral Springs House was included in the state inventory of historic properties in 1993, as a result of work done for the N.H. Department of Transportation in studying routes for the Conway Bypass.
"The building is significant for its history, as a reflection of worldwide interest in mineral springs during the 19th century, and as an important element of White Mountain tourism that had a long-lasting influence on the history of the town, the region and the state. The building is also significant for its fanciful Victorian architecture, and for the original cut granite basin sheltered by the pavilion," Wilson wrote.
The house is one of two remaining 19th century wooden spring houses in the state.
"Of the two wooden pavilions, the Conway structure is much more architecturally elaborate, and it has a higher degree of historical and architectural integrity because it remains on its original site and retains its original pool enclosure."
'Time to act'
Russell said it is important to save the building now because of its proximity to the high school. With so much activity nearby, if it is not restored, the building could easily become an eyesore and an object of vandalism. "It became crucial that something be done in a timely manner," Russell said.
As Russell envisions it, the restored building will be an integral part of the campus at the new Kennett High School. "It will be a blending of new and traditional. It all goes together to form our community, both future and past," she said. "It can't be divorced from the high school," Russell said. "You can't look at the high school and have it not be part of it."
Russell wants to see students from the high school involved with as much of the restoration and preservation of the building as possible. High school students in the building trades classes at the school participated in a restoration of the building about 10 years ago, replacing rotting floorboards. Russell said it would be terrific if that kind of project could happen again. In addition, she said, she hopes Kennett students would be part of presenting that history to others.
"One of our goals is to try to get little kids involved in learning about it," she said. She suggested high school history students could be involved in that education, dressing in Victorian costume and greeting elementary school children when they come to visit, perhaps making part of the trip by horse and buggy as 19th century tourists did.
The project has already received some endorsement from the school district. SAU 9 Superintendent Dr. Carl Nelson and Assistant Superintendent Martha Cray wrote letters of support to be included with grant funding requests.
"The SAU 9 administration shares the committee's goals for bringing this historic structure back to its original state," Nelson said, adding that the administration intends to work with the Conway Historical Society to reach this goal.
Cray wrote, "A notable structure tied to the local community's past in juxtaposition to the community's forward look at its future through the structure of the new high school is a pairing that offers much. This plan for renovation and reintroduction of a piece of local history will provide future generations with a visible link to the past.
"The school programs have a long tradition of involving our community resources. We take great pride in the natural and unique features of the Mount Washington Valley. The Spring House stands to be one of those treasured artifacts of the valley. We have formal community history projects at each of our elementary, middle and high schools. We have a career and technical center with a property management program where maintenance and restoration are important concepts for our students to understand. We look forward to a time when a new high school building and a renovated spring house frame an entrance to Kennett High School and then Mount Washington Valley Career and Technical Center."
Restoration and landscaping
There is plenty of work to be done to restore the building. The hexagonal building has openings on each side, and there were once doors or shutters on all of them. Most of these are gone. A new copper roof is planned. There is rot in some of the wood; shakes, shingles and trim are missing, the building needs to be painted and the basin filled by the spring needs to be cleaned.
Landscaping work is also planned, with a walk and bridge to approach the spring house. Not surprisingly, the land around the spring is quite wet. There is another spring uphill from the spring house, and part of the project would involve diverting that water to either side of the house. A landscape architect is helping with plans to renovate the building and restore landscaping.
Russell has written many grant applications; she was involved in the work on Connie Davis Watson Park, and has been involved in Arts Jubilee since its beginning.
Support for the restoration has started to become public. Over 50 percent of the necessary funds have been raised to date, says Russell:
~ major grant of $25,000 has been received by the Conway Historical Society from the Donaldson Trust in support of the Mineral Spring House restoration.
~ second contingency grant from the Ham Foundation for $10,000 has also been pledged if the committee raises the first $50,000 toward the goal of $60,000 for all improvements and a non-profit owner is found for the property.
~ The third grant received to date is from the Robert and Dorothy Goldberg Charitable Foundation in the amount of $5000.
Additional grant requests are still being considered. Moreover, Russell said, two private contributions of $25 each have been received from residents in Ossipee and in Deer Isle, Maine.
The CHS' Emerson agreed that the project strikes a chord with many.
"There are many area residents who have a great interest in the Mineral Spring House and the opportunity to contribute toward its restoration will have a great appeal. It is a personal and important way to participate for those who wish to take some 'ownership' in the historical significance of the property," said Emerson
Russell said the group wants to learn more about the history of the mineral spring. She hopes that if there are any families who have some knowledge of the history of the spring, or have artifacts they would like to share, they will contact her or the Conway Historical Society.
The Mineral Spring House in Redstone, as it currently appears
— it's in need of restoration.
Cindy Russell and others are currently working hard
to raise funds to get it restored.
(Tom Eastman/Mountain Ear Photo)
To help or to find out more about the White Mountain Mineral Spring House restoration project, contact Russell at 4events@worldpath.net.
To make a contribution,write:
Attn: Mineral Spring House Project
Conway Historical Society
Conway 03818.
Tax-deductible contributions may be sent to the
Conway Historical Society, attention: Mineral Spring House Project.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
All plots now sold at Swallowhurst, Tamworth!
We are delighted to announce that all plots on our sought after Swallowhurst development in Tamworth have now been snapped up by hungry homebuyers.
Amy Summerton, director at Walton Homes, said: 'Each of the 13 housetypes have proved popular on the development and have been built with contemporary living in mind, while remaining sympathetic to the area where it's sited. As the first development to launch under our new branding, we are delighted at the response and interest that we have received and we hope to continue this with our future developments.'
'Tamworth, has been a fantastic area for us and we look forward to our upcoming developments in the area'
If you missed out on this development, then check out our new upcoming development in Tamworth, Repington Walk.


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CfP: The Terms of Habitation: Re-theorizing the Architecture of Housing. Jerusalem and Haifa, 20-23 April 2020
Home 2019 November CfP: The Terms of Habitation: Re-theorizing the Architecture of Housing. Jerusalem and Haifa, 20-23 April 2020
Giorgio Ponzo, 6 November 2019 18 December 2019 , All Listings, Call for Papers, 0
Call for Papers: The Terms of Habitation: Re-theorizing the Architecture of Housing. Jerusalem and Haifa, 20-23 April 2020
IIAS Jerusalem and Technion, Haifa, Israel
Convened by the Research Group "Retheorizing the Architecture of Housing as Grounds for Research and Practice" at the Israel Institute of Advanced Studies (IIAS), co-organized by Yael Allweil, Gaia Caramellino, and Susanne Schindler.
Humanity is facing an ongoing, global housing crisis with major consequences for the social and ecological stability in towns, cities, and nations around the globe. This is due, in part, to processes of neo-liberalization ongoing since at least the mid-1970s, which have transferred responsibility for housing provision from the state to markets, corporations, and the dwellers themselves. While the resulting and growing gap between rich and poor, manifested in housing, has been well documented, the role of architecture in these transformations has remained remarkably understudied. "Architecture" as a cultural product is often seen as distinct from, and unrelated to, "housing" as a socio-economic need—not only by the general public, but among policy makers and designers themselves.
The conference aims to recast architecture as a crucial aspect of housing provision and closely examine its divorce from housing as cardinal to the development of the current crisis. In order to develop a new outlook on the problem, the conference will investigate and theorize the language of housing. An exploration of terminology offers a theoretical frame that reconnects design to policy, finance, and other criteria and lays the ground for envisioning the capacities of architecture in a post-neoliberal society.
Terminology can be at once an object of inquiry and methodological approach, not only for historical research but for architectural design praxis. The words we use—whether "model," "unit" or "housing" itself—embed normative assumptions as to how "individuals," "families" or "communities" are to live; ubiquitously used words like "affordable," "low-cost" or "efficient" are often efficacious because they are poorly defined, all while codifying typologies, economic benchmarks, and power relations. Words frame how we interpret the past, evaluate the present, and consequently envision the future. The conference thus posits that through a close analysis of keywords across time and place, cultures, disciplines and actors, we can excavate and bring together the social, economic and political dimensions of design for housing as a specific, modern, design problem. Through a terminological lens, we can bring into focus, study and re-think the changing role of architecture in the process of housing production and reflect on the enduring tensions between housing and architecture.
Toward this goal, the conference organizers are seeking contributions from scholars and practitioners across the globe. The conference organizers ask that contributors prepare 20-minute papers which take a specific term as a point of departure to discuss its origin, evolution, codification and impact on the ground, reflecting, where appropriate, on the implications of its migration across disciplines, languages and place. The conference is interested in the diverse usage and changing meanings of the housing's architectural language, from housing vocabulary's sources and effects to its dissemination and transplantation—and its non-textual equivalents. How does terminology develop and mutate in motion—between architectural cultures, between disciplines and dialects, between texts and images, between historical moments? What are the material and conceptual vectors of its transmission? How has geographical movement and cultural displacement hybridized terminology, leading to misunderstanding/mistranslation in architects' discourses and practices? How do housing terms adapt as they shift between designers' personal vocabulary, public policy, the market realm and common use? What histories do the etymologies of terms reveal when contextualized in local languages, cultures, disciplines and traditions?
The conference will be organized around the following tracks: Typology; Praxis; Pedagogy; Scale/Spectrum; Crossroads of Disciplines; and The Act of Terming. In all tracks, the conference will explore the relationships between theory and practice; between the specificity of the case and the universality of the issues; and between historical perspectives and contemporary challenges. Please submit 300-word abstracts as well as a short CV on the website https://termsofhabitation.net.technion.ac.il/abstracts/ by Monday, 6 January 2020. For any questions, please contact rethinking.housing.conf@gmail.com
The Call for Papers can be downloaded here. More information about the conference can be accessed here.
Organizing Committee: Yael Allweil (Technion Institute of Technology), Gaia Caramellino (Politecnico di Milano), Tzafrir Fainholtz (Technion Institute of Technology), Mariana Fix (University of Campinas), Jesse Lockard (University of Chicago), Ana Vaz Milheiro (University of Lisbon), Avigail Sachs (University of Tennessee), Susanne Schindler (MIT and ETH Zurich), Sharone Tomer (Virginia Tech), Dana Vais (Technical University of Cluj-Napoca).
CONF: Das Kulturforum. Baukultur ohne Verfahrenskultur? (Berlin, 25 September 2015)
Libby Merrill, 17 September 2015 17 September 2015 , All Listings, Conferences, 0
Das Kulturforum. Baukultur ohne Verfahrenskultur? Ein Gespräch zwischen dem Architekten und Stadtplaner Volkwin Marg und dem Architekturkritiker und Museumshistoriker...
CfP: Architecture and professionalism. Antwerp, 7-8 December 2017
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Call for Papers: Architecture and professionalism. New approaches towards the work of Léon Stynen and his international contemporaries. International...
AA Women and Architecture in Context 1917-2017 (London, 2-4 November 2017)
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AA XX 100 is the project to commemorate the centenary of women's admission to the Architectural Association School of...
Fellowship: Research project: The Sea and the Shore, Architecture and Marine Biology
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Fellowship: Research project: The Sea and the Shore, Architecture and Marine Biology In connection with the research project The...
New resource: Architektenlexikon Wien 1770 – 1945
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The "Architektenlexikon Wien 1770 – 1945″ is the first online encyclopaedia listing those architects, planners and theorists who have contributed to...
CfP: The buildings of the Industry: icon and space of progress for architecture during early Modernity. Pamplona, 25-27 March 2020
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Call for Papers: The buildings of the Industry: icon and space of progress for architecture during early Modernity. Pamplona,...
CfP: Chicago Design: Histories And Narratives, Questions And Methods. Chicago, 8-10 November 2018
Giorgio Ponzo, 19 March 2018 19 March 2018 , All Listings, Call for Papers, 0
Call for Papers: Chicago Design: Histories And Narratives, Questions And Methods. Chicago, 8-10 November 2018 Keynote Speakers: – David...
CFP: The Avery Review (due 1 August 2016)
Libby Merrill, 8 July 2016 8 July 2016 , All Listings, Call for Papers, 0
The Avery Review—a journal of critical essays on architecture published by Columbia University's Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and...
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Ballard Spahr's Tobey Daluz Named a 2013 Woman of Distinction | Ballard Spahr
Ballard Spahr's Tobey Daluz Named a 2013 Woman of Distinction
Tobey M. Daluz, a Ballard Spahr litigation partner known nationally for her work in bankruptcy, workouts, and restructuring, has been named to Philadelphia Business Journal's 2013 Women of Distinction list.
Ms. Daluz is one of 25 women leaders selected by a panel of judges for their outstanding professional accomplishments and contributions to the Philadelphia community. The winners will be honored on November 19 at a dinner at the Sheraton Philadelphia Downtown Hotel and profiled in a special section of the Business Journal.
"So many talented women are making a difference in the Philadelphia region. Their efforts deserve to be recognized, and I'm honored to be included among them," said Ms. Daluz, who is also the firm's Partner in Charge of Attorney Career Advancement. "What's more, the personal satisfaction I receive from obtaining a favorable result for a client, mentoring a colleague, or volunteering in the community is its own reward."
Ms. Daluz was the founding partner of Ballard Spahr's Wilmington, Delaware, office when it opened in 2002 and served as its Managing Partner until 2011. During her time in that position, she oversaw the development of its bankruptcy and reorganization, public finance, commercial litigation, government and corporate investigations, and white collar defense practices. As a result of Ms. Daluz's focus on promoting diversity, the office is also the most diverse within the firm; roughly one-third of the Wilmington attorneys are people of color, and more than half are women.
As Partner in Charge of Attorney Career Advancement, Ms. Daluz is responsible for the recruitment, training, professional development, compensation, and evaluation of nearly 300 non-partner attorneys. She also co-chaired Ballard Spahr's Diversity Council for eight years and is active in the firm's affinity group for female partners, counsel, and of counsel, Ballard Women.
"Tobey is more than a top-notch attorney; she has distinguished herself as a leader at Ballard Spahr," said firm Chair Mark Stewart. "Her focus on recruiting and developing associates strengthens the firm by laying the groundwork for new leaders to emerge and blossom. She's highly deserving of this honor."
A member of the American Bankruptcy Institute, Ms. Daluz has been recognized in the 2010 through 2013 editions of Chambers USA as a leading lawyer for business in the areas of bankruptcy and restructuring. In 2009, she was ranked by The Deal as one of the top bankruptcy lawyers in the country based on the number of active assignments. In 2012, she was named a Delaware Super Lawyer, and in 2013, she was recognized by The Best Lawyers in America in the area of bankruptcy and creditor-debtor rights/insolvency and reorganization law.
In addition, Ms. Daluz is a member of the Board of Governors of Boys & Girls Clubs of Philadelphia. She has been involved with the organization for several years and has served in many capacities, including Vice Chair, Chair of the Legal and Insurance Committee, and Chair of the Executive Search Committee.
Tobey M. Daluz
Related Areas/Practices
Bankruptcy, Reorganization and Capital Recovery


Consolidated Products Inc., the owner of Steak n Shake restaurants plans to close or sell its 11 non-Steak n Shake restaurants in Indiana and Illinois and change its name to the Steak n Shake Company to focus its business on its most profitable enterprise. Consolidated plans a fourth-quarter charge of up to $8 million to cover the costs of shedding the restaurants. There are currently 360 restaurants, and the company plans to open 37 new Steak n Shake's this year.


I promised myself I would never write about Penn State (or all those what's-their-names) because, really, what more can be said? But, alas, I am constantly breaking my promises.
This morning, as I walked Lily into school and down to her Kindergarten classroom I witnessed what could be classified as "sort-of-a-fight" with a side of "school-teachers-and-staff-ignoring-yelling-students -and-a-parent" in favor of "talking-about-nothing-remotely-related-to-the-fight-happening-right-before-their-averted-eyes."
I walk Lily down to her Kindergarten classroom almost everyday. As we got close to the Kindergarten hallway I hear two boys, arguing over the presence of the guidance counselor. It was a nine-year-old boy level debate.
Boy 1 was blocking the path to the counselor's office. Boy 2 wanted to get there. Pushing and debate continued. I would characterize the incident not as being a fight deserving of punishment, but an opportunity to teach these boys the appropriate way to argue (i.e. you don't push each other and why aren't you in your classrooms?).
Me: "There are two boys fighting over Mr. X"
Teacher: "Oh, I don't think Mr. X is here"
Me: "Yeah, THERE ARE TWO BOYS PUSHING EACH OTHER."
Me: "Do you allow children to fight in the hallway? They are pushing each other"
It was a Penn State Moment--the moment when bad behavior is right in front of your face. You see it; you hear it; you've been told about it and you have to decide what to do with it all.
I could have just walked around those boys. No one was in danger. But, I have a big mouth and if those were my children, I'd want their teachers to teach them how to behave. To remind them that they are better than pushing and yelling.
Do nothing. Pretend it is not happening. Avoid the mess.
I know that two boys pushing each other in an elementary school is no where near the same thing as a boy being sexually assaulted in a shower. But, the lesson is the same: adults need to listen. Adults need to take the messy route when it means doing the right thing. Little things become big things. We teach with our action and our inaction. And all children are our responsibility.
We are the grown-ups, for pete's sake.
Do something. Speak loud, until someone listens. Don't be afraid to get a little dirty. Because often, adults don't listen.
You should know, that as the fight rounded into the kindergarten hallway, one of the Kinder teachers spoke up--without my prompting and sent those boys back to class. The teachers, who ignored the incident? Well---one took away a "responsibility point" (whatever this is) after the fact (in response to my refusal to move from the spot until they addressed me or the situation).
So those boys will be fine. But what happens if the incident is bigger? What if a big mouthed lunatic like me is not there? What then?
I couldn't agree with you more. The teachers should have handled this situation much better. If anything though, you used it as a teaching example for your own child, teaching her to be strong in a difficult situation and stand up for what's right.
How disappointing that this young child, who might have been searching for the counselor for help with another issue, who might have had to struggle just to get the confidence to go to the counselor, had to face yet one more challenge to get there. Let's hope that if he was searching for help, this obstacle won't keep him from doing so.
I would SO want to know that if my child were fighting in the hallway and pushing/or being pushed, that a teacher or adult would care enough about my child to stop it, and correct the behavior.
"parent" them, and we trust that when they are in school they are learning how to behave no matter how small or big an incident. Its almost like those teachers thought..."no big deal, its just a small fight over nothing important" well that small, unimportant stuff turns into big stuff if it isn't nipped in the bud. So glad you said something Trish!! And more importantly, so glad you are teaching Lily to be the same way!!
I thought the purpose of teachers being in the hallway was to stop this type of behavior, particularly before it esalates. I.also thought it was to create a visual for students and parents to know that their children are being monitored, PROTECTED. As a teacher, I question everything. . It's better to. be safe than ssorry. It was also drilled into my head that it is my job as a teacher to be in the hall and watching the children. Good for you for saying something, better for those kids.
So glad you spoke up...we need more people in the world like you to take a stance...to say something...that would have made me fume too. If it were my child mis-behaving I'd want her to be disciplined and know the difference between right & wrong. Shame on those teachers...but good for you for doing something about it!
I'm so glad you spoke up! Children should never be allowed to treat each other that way.
Honestly, I can't imagine that happening at my children's school. The teachers are very strict. But, I'm not there every given moment.
Ok, I'll take the other side.......lol. First of all, I personally think it's in um, poor taste? (not sure what wording I want to use) as far as comparing it to Penn State. Yeah, I read where you said you understand that...but you still said it. If I was a parent who had a child that was involved in the PSU incident, I'd be looking at this post with a giant WTF attitude.
Second, I think that in this day & age, parents and adults often step in too often and too quickly. Children need to learn to resolve their differences themselves, without us telling them what to do all the time. We are witnessing an entire young generation that basically has zero problem solving skills, because they've been told what to do.
You said no one was in danger, so let them work it out. To me, that is sometimes the more difficult path to take. When I watch one of my children take a toy from another child (sibling or friend)or watch a child take a toy from one of mine, it's very easy to go up to him, hand it back to original owner and explain what was wrong. It's much more difficult sometimes to stand by and watch, and hope that the child stands up for him/herself.
Certainly, in sexual molestation cases, we don't wait for children to self-advocate. But arguing in a doorway? Yeah, maybe.
If they were just using words, I would agree with "just let them work it out," but they had their hands on each other. That is not okay, ever.
Sadly, there have been several incident like this at my kids school. The teachers are out outside for "recess duty" presumably to prevent and/or deal with issues such as this that arise. My oldest has told me so many stories of teachers chit chatting while kids are arguing, pushing each other etc. I went up to the school at one point.
A few weeks ago a 4th grade boy walked up to another 4th grade boy at recess, told him he didn't like him, and punched him right in the face- just because he "didn't like him". The boy was knocked out. If that would have been my child and there were 3 teachers outside "monitoring" recess, I can not even begin to tell you what may have ensued, but I assure you it would have been UGLY.
I am glad you spoke up. EVERY parent passing by should do the same!
Good for you for speaking up and trying to do what was right. Shame on those teachers, I like to think SOMEONE is paying attention to my kids and what is going on when I'm not there. I have complained a lot over the years about a lack of adult supervision in our school. They seem to appease me for a moment and then slack off again. Sigh.
Writer. Christian. Yoga teacher. Mother to three miracles: one a brain tumor survivor.


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Drawing on His Deployment to Inform Design
James Freeze: A Catholic Mind for Architecture
Toward the end of the spring semester, students in the sustainable urban housing studio class are preparing their final projects for review by a panel of professional architects and faculty.
Working in teams of three, the third-year students were tasked with designing a multistory building that would become home to refugees in the city of Erbil in the Kurdistan region of Iraq.
"In Iraq I saw that the world is broken. As an architect, I can do my part to fix it — one building at a time."
–James Freeze
Students have taken time to conduct site analysis and understand the culture and region, drawing on all that they've learned throughout the semester in the course taught by Patricia Andrasik, assistant professor in the School of Architecture and Planning. They found inspiration in reading Pope Francis's encyclical letter Laudato Si', On Care for Our Common Home. Their buildings were designed not just to be environmentally sustainable, but also to sustain souls.
Junior James Freeze is presenting his group's design, a project titled Cradle. "We wanted to create a place where residents felt protected, nurtured, where they were held gently — also a place where they could flourish."
Freeze and fellow juniors Ingrid Argueta and Austin Neal utilized a computer program called Climate Consultant to incorporate accurate information regarding temperature, location of the sun, and direction of winds. Using summer wind for ventilation posed a challenge. "The summer winds are not cooling at all. It's like a blow dryer in your face," says Freeze.
He would know. He spent four years in the U.S. Army, including a 15-month deployment to Iraq. "Our mission was to enhance local life," explains Freeze. "As an experiment, we set up elongated shelters made up of separate cubicles. We left for a week and when we came back they were filled with local businesses. I remember being really choked up when I saw that. We incorporated that idea into our design."
Freeze says he has always wanted to be an architect. "I'm a 30-year-old college junior. Sure I'm behind in establishing a career. But I had a good excuse. I served my country."
Freeze is not Catholic, but says the University's social justice mission is just what he was looking for in a college education. "In Iraq I saw that the world is broken. As an architect, I can do my part to fix it — one building at a time."
Helping to Bring the Power of Knowledge to Underserved Communities
Developing a world view focused on helping others
Using his foundation in Catholicism to inform a modern scholastic world view


2 years old! 2 years wiser?
2019. It's here. No apologies. Hardly any announcement. The holidays came and went like a powder day at Mt. Norquay. And here we are halfway through January already, which means that we have an announcement to make!
On January 6th, 2019, WLD turned 2 years old! Wahoo!
A couple of days late we know.. But even we were caught a little off guard!
2018, was one heck of a year. Let's take a little trip down memory lane shall we?
December - We launch Alberta Botanical Gin 1802!; we have WLD Christmas Staff Party in Banff; Canmore locals enjoy festive cocktails at the distillery; we close production down for holidays and the distillers take a breather; we give thanks for Cheryl (barwoman) holding down the front of house; we give thanks for all of you!
As much as is listed in the above re-cap, honestly it is just a tiny slice of the #WLDpie from last year. Operating any small business is a multi-faceted adventure (no, I'm not talking about our snowpack), and the above offers a modest highlight reel of 2018.
So where does that leave us? Moving forward of course! Onwards!
January is an interesting time of the year; it is dark, it is cold, it is snowy, however it is in many ways fresh. Having our anniversary during this time of the year allows us to reflect and re-energize as we get things going on another WLD lap around the sun.
The #WLDboys sat down over the holidays and crunched some numbers; on just about everything that was crunchable. We call it having a 'pow-wow'. Most professionals call it a board meeting, a strat. plan, an AGM or something? You get the point.
What we came up with was a need for more information gathering and attention to what we are calling our WLD Pillars.
These are the area's of our business that we consider to be the most important, and generally guide our decisions + harness most of our attention.
As we begin this new year, Matt and Keith have already begun implementing better systems for tracking data/information in these various pillars of our business. We feel that up until this point, much of our data management in some of these area's has been in our head's (upstairs rather than on paper). Moving by 'intuition' in your business, we have discovered, can only get you so far. So part of our commitment to being more efficient at WLD is to collect data in these areas, allowing us to make better decisions going/growing forward. In what area of your life could you do the same? Food for thought..
Are you laying down Canadian single malt whisky? YES, from now until we die.
Do you have any Alberta Botanical Gin left? YES, only 150 bottles - so come and get it!
Will you do the Alberta Botanical Gin again in 2019? YES, likely 2 batches again in late summer.
Will you continue your education in any way? YES, we are heading to the ADI (American Distilling Institute) annual conference in Denver for some workshops in March.
What are you most excited about for 2019? To watch our whisky program develop and mature.
Are you hiring? YES! We are excited to announce that we are hiring a WLD sales manager. (still working on the job title). If you know anyone with beverage industry sales experience and a love for all things WLD, send them our contact!
Holy whisky flowing from our beautiful pot still!


Over the years, the interiors of film have played a huge role in creating atmosphere, setting scenes, and in some cases, becoming a character all of their own. To celebrate the release of thriller The Loft (which features a slick, stylish high-rise apartment that takes centre stage), we take a look back at some of the other best apartments on film.
Audrey Hepburn's iconic turn as the effervescent Holly Golightly is arguably her most memorable role- but the stunning interior of her NYC brownstone apartment cannot be forgotten as a major supporting part. Inspiring a thousand copycats, the inside of the eponymous party girl's home features the instantly recognisable half-bathtub sofa, satin cushions and NYC flea market finds galore, a plush tiger skin rug and, of course, Cat.
Not strictly an apartment, but worthy of a place on the list nonetheless, the stunning John Lautner house used as the backdrop to this critically acclaimed drama is only one aspect of an entire film that maintains an achingly cool level of style throughout; no great surprise, given that it was directed by Tom Ford and the production design came courtesy of the geniuses behind Mad Men.
Bruce Wayne's sleek, minimal Gotham penthouse is the backdrop to a large portion of The Dark Knight, as Wayne Manor is still being reconstructed following the events of Batman Begins. Moody lighting and the steel-gray and chrome interiors lend to the films overall look of a city on the brink of utter desolation, with the ever-present looming threat of Heath Ledger's Joker.
Meg Ryan's beautifully cozy NYC brownstone paints a gorgeous, if somewhat unrealistic picture of New York studio living. The interiors are wonderfully feminine, with vintage dressers, lace curtains and an abundance of flowers throughout, all pitched perfectly against the ever-present backdrop of the newly arrived technology that is seeping into everyday life.
Patrick Bateman's apartment is a masterclass in minimalism, with sleek lines, all white furniture, and barely any colour. Production designer Gideon Ponte and set designer Jeanne Develle went to great lengths to ensure that the apartment remained clinical and nothing looked too lived-in or comfortable; of course, adding to the effect of one particularly grisly scene that takes place within the pristine walls.
Alfred Hitchcock's masterpiece opens with Scottie Ferguson (James Stewart) realizing he suffers from vertigo, and retiring from his position as a private investigator, only to be lured into another case by his old college friend, Gavin Elster (Tom Helmore), who wants his wife, Madeleine (Kim Novak) followed. Scottie seeks solace with his ex-fiancee Midge (Barbara Bel Geddes), and her much-coveted, bric-a-brac filled apartment boasts some incredible views of New York City, looking west to Russian Hill from the top of Union Street on Telegraph Hill.
Penny Marshall's classic 80's fantasy stars Tom Hanks as Josh, the young boy who wakes up to find himself transformed into a grown man, leading to all manner of high jinks. Josh's new 'grown-up' Manhattan loft taps into the child in all of us- complete with a basketball court in the hallway, a pinball machine and a trampoline in the living room.
The apartment Carrie Bradshaw (Sarah Jessica Parker) shares with Big (Chris Noth) in this sequel based on the HBO series beautifully reflects both of their personalities, combining old-school charm with up-to–the-minute stylish pieces. Set decorator Lydia Marks took inspiration for the apartment's architecture from classic films, including Alfred Hitchcock's back catalogue, in order to give the apartment a 'proper NYC' feel.
THE LOFT is released on digital platforms from June 8th, 2015 and on DVD from June 15th 2015 courtesy of Signature Entertainment.


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Brit hiker classed as missing person as police consider 'options beyond accident'
Esther Dingley's partner Dan Colegate has said the "prevailing opinion" among the search teams is that the missing hiker isn't in the Pyrenees mountains following days of extensive searches
Esther Dingley was reported missing last week after failing to return from a solo trek (
Image: Facebook)
Emma Bowden
Ryan Merrifield
Authorities searching for a British woman who went missing while hiking in the Pyrenees are looking at "other options beyond a mountain accident", her partner has said.
Esther Dingley and Dan Colegate have been travelling throughout Europe since 2014 and she was expected to return from a solo trek on Wednesday.
The 37-year-old set out to hike from the Port de la Glere to the Port de Venasque, a trek which follows the border between France and Spain, according to local police.
In a Facebook post on Tuesday evening, Mr Colegate said that the "prevailing opinion" of authorities was that Ms Dingley is not in the mountains following extensive searches.
She is now listed as a national missing person in Spain and her case has been passed to "a specialised judicial unit in France", Mr Colegate added.
Dan Colegate said the developments give him hope Esther will be found alive (
Facebook)
Search teams clinging onto hope that British backpacker missing in Pyrenees is alive
Hunt for missing Brit backpacker who vanished during trek in Pyrenees mountains
"For several days now there has been talk that perhaps Esther might not be up there and that this was the reason they couldn't find her," he wrote.
"However, with no result day after day, taking into account Esther's high level of experience, the nature of the terrain, the good weather she would have had, the fact she had a clearly defined route for Sunday evening and Monday, and various other factors, both search coordinators have essentially told me that although they can never be 100% sure, the prevailing opinion in the search teams is that she isn't there.
The hiker is considered highly experienced meaning there is scepticism that she had an accident (
Daily Mirror)
"That if she had fallen from one of the paths, they really would have expected to find her given the intensity, the closeness of the search and the fact most of the trails are really quite straightforward across open ground.
"As things stand tonight, Esther is now listed as a national missing persons case in Spain and the case has been passed to a specialised judicial unit in France."
He added: "This means they will be looking at other options beyond a mountain accident."
Esther sent this selfie to Dan before she vanished (
handout)
Mr Colegate said he was "very grateful" for the extensive efforts of rescue teams in both Spain and France, which had utilised helicopters, dogs and a drone.
"While this is a terrifying development in many ways, I'm trying to focus on the fact that it leaves the door open that Esther might still come home," he said in the post.
"She was so utterly happy and joyful when we last spoke, I'd do anything to see her face and hold her right now."
The couple, from Durham, started to travel after Mr Colegate had a serious health scare and had been documenting their campervan adventures online.
A Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office spokesman said: "Our staff are supporting the family of a British woman reported missing in the Pyrenees and are in contact with the French and Spanish authorities."
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	* Verify otp form controller
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	{
		public function Verify()
		 {
		  parent::__construct();
		  $this->load->model('verify_model');
		  $this->load->library('email');
		 }

		public function verify_post()
		{
			$serviceName = 'verify';
			$ip['v_code']     = trim($this->input->post('v_code'));
            $ip['mobile_num'] = trim($this->input->post('mobile_num'));
            $ip['email']      = trim($this->input->post('email'));
            $ipJson = json_encode($ip);
            if(empty($ip['v_code']) && empty($ip['mobile_num']))
            {
               $data['message'] = "Feilds are Required";
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            }
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            {
                $chkotp=$this->verify_model->check_otp($ip);

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                 {
                 	$code =$ip['v_code'];
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                 	$up_status = array(
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?>


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Kicks Flow: Jeremy Scott x adidas - Wings 2.0
ANTLIFE ACADEMY PRESENTS:
YESSUH!!
Recently seen flashin' on the feet o' Lil' Wayne, the JS Wings 2.0 is set to return in a glitzy gold colourway. Unlike the original JS Wings which is a morphed Metro Attitude, version 2.0 is based on the 80s Conductor boot with the wings pointing to the rear rather than sprouting from the laces. Look out for them soon at Styles Tokyo. These are a must-cop, so make sure to grab a quick pair, while you still can.
Top Shelf: Ferrari FF
You already know..
Ferrari has entered an all-new segment with their Ferrari FF. Not exactly a grocery-getter, the high performance car is a progression from the previous generation 612 Scaglietti with a radical elongated hatchback style body. The FF features Ferrari's new four-wheel drive 4RM technology with a 0-62 mph sprint time of 3.7 seconds and a top speed of 208 mph. This all comes courtesy of a 6.3-liter V12 offering 651 horsepower and 504 lb-ft of torque.
Dopeness: Star Wars Boba Fett RAH Figure by Medicom Toy
YESSIR!!
Medicom Toy continues its alliance with the Star Wars franchise as the Japanese toy makers release a new Boba Fett RAH (Real Action Hero) in a Return of the Jedi version. The figure is part of Medicom's RAH sector which focuses on more real life creations rather than the playful Bearbrick series for which they have become widely recognized for. Priced at ¥18,900 (approx. $229), available now via select Medicom Toy stockists.
Kicks Flow: Converse Addict Chuck Taylor All Star – The Anatomy
Kinda dope..
Upon the release of the Converse Addict collection, it left many people scratching their head as to what constitutes a Chuck Taylor All Star that ranges in the triple digits for retail price. Given the opportunity, we took a more in-depth look into the construction and characteristics of a sneaker that has endured generation upon generation of fans. The goal of the Addict line was to recreate some of the sensibilities of the Chuck Taylor circa 1960s with some new age improvements.
A Vibram outsole provides a non-slip rubber with enhanced wear resistance. A Poron insert in the bed of the sneaker provides additional cushioning with a further Outlast liner for greater comfort relative to heat and temperature. Aside from that we also see a slightly different '60s silhouette, upgraded stitching and branding on the heel dating back almost 50 years. These are the makings of the Converse Addict Chuck Taylor All Star.
We dig..
Kicks Flow: adidas Originals by Originals James Bond for David Beckham Pro Model
In continuation of the ongoing series of footwear and apparel, the latest collaborative drop of the adidas Originals by Originals James Bond for David Beckham collection has been announced and is just a few days from release.
Using the adidas Pro Model as a base, the two feature a delicate nubuck upper alongside the standard shell-toe detailing. Both versions are given subtle gold accents and retain a clean, contemporary aesthetic. Fans will be pleased to hear that there's not long to wait, as both pairs go on sale at select retailers from Feb. 4.
Dopeness: Bremont P-51
Despite having its shine back in World War II some 67 years ago, the original 1944 Mustang P-51K-10 has had an important part in popular culture based on its role in such a monumental global conflict. British watchmakers Bremont pay homage to the Mustang P-51 known as "Fragile but Agile" with a special edition watch which features a chronograph chronometer constructed of original parts from a salvaged P-51 plane.
The use of fuselage aluminum is incorporated into the dial, inspired by the P-51′s own in-cockpit clocks. The watch features a modified Swiss BE-54A automatic chronometer movement. 251 pieces will retail for £7,450 GBP (approximately $11,900 USD).
Fly Season: Panerai Bronze Luminor Sub PAM 382 Watch
As showcased during Salon International de la Haute Horlogerie (SIHH) 2011, the majority of the Panerai collection for this year has now been published. As fans peel over the line up, the Luminor Sub PAM 382 has already caught the eye of many. The case is made from a brushed bronze which holds the forest green dial whilst a transparent back reveals a sapphire crystal, and is finished off with a brushed titanium external ring that is etched with branding.
Labels: Fly Season
Models & Freshness: LOVE Magazine Issue 5 featuring Kate Moss & Lea T
The latest issue of LOVE Magazine features a racy cover with British supermodel Kate Moss and the Brazilian transgender model Lea T. Shot by famed fashion photog duo Mert Alas and Marcus Piggott, the cover shows the two women in the middle of an impassioned kiss. The former personal assistant of Givenchy creative director Ricardo Tisci, Lea T was used in Givenchy's Fall 2010 ad campaign and has recently appeared in Flaunt Magazine and French Vogue. The issue goes on sale Feb. 8.
Labels: Models and Freshness
Dopeness: INFLUENCERS: Steve Stoute | Video
INFLUENCERS: How Trends And Creativity Becomes Contagious, created by R+I Creative was released last November and garnered a lot of attention in a short amount of time. The original documentary featured interviews with some of today's most notable and recognized creatives including jeffstaple, Dao-Yi Chow, Sky Gellatly, Rob Stone, Jon Cohen, Josh Peskowitz, and more.
The documentary is now releasing an in-depth series that looks to go into greater detail on various subjects within today's industry, the first episode features Translation CEO, Steve Stoute, the man behind putting Jay-Z and HP together amongst other collaborations between pop culture icons and Fortune 500 companies. A dope watch!! Check it out!!
Kicks Flow: Nike SB Dunk Pro 1985 – 2011 Book
Within the newly redesigned official website, Nike SB also added a preview of Nike SB Dunk Pro 1985-2011, a retrospective look at the model that helped Nike Skateboarding to gain a foundation in the ever competitive skateboard industry, the Nike SB Dunk. The printed matter, with its alluring hardcover motifs of 2 actual Nike SB Dunk outsoles, feature advertising snap shots, the run down on the model itself, and the athletes that wore it. No information on whether the book will be for sale or as gift to friends and families, but these teaser surely peaked a lot of people's interests.
Top Shelf: BVLGARI Via Dei Condotti Watch
Luxury goods company BVLGARI recently released its Via Dei Condotti watch, a timepiece that pays tribute to the rich history of the Italian brand. Commemorating the address of its headquarters in Italy, the timepiece is engraved with BVLGARI's "Via Dei Condotti 10 Roma" landmark address along with 1884 – the year the label was founded. Additional details include: BVLGARI exclusive B77 Caliber with automatic mechanical movement, Geneva wave pattern decoration, polished pearl dots, 40mm black carbon fiber and stainless steel material construction, classic 18k white gold crown and a soft calfskin strap. For those interested, it is available for purchase here.
Dopeness: BAPE STORE Beijing Opening Recap
Good money..
A Bathing Ape recently made its latest inroad into the Chinese market with a new BAPE STORE in Beijing. Located at the ground floor of the I.T Beijing Market within the VILLAGE shopping district, the store's interior maintains a familiar theme courtesy of Wonderwall's architectural involvement. A full selection of A Bathing Ape lines are offered with some limited edition opening items such as T-shirts, Bapestas and Shark hoodies.
We digs..
Dopeness: Star Wars Boba Fett RAH Figure by Medico...
Kicks Flow: Converse Addict Chuck Taylor All Star ...
Kicks Flow: adidas Originals by Originals James Bo...
Models & Freshness: LOVE Magazine Issue 5 featurin...


We had a good sail to Bequia, excited for the New Year Party that will include the "best firework show in all the islands". The night before the party we go out to a little bar and Matt discovers a hidden talent for karaoke. He killed it! When 1:00am rolled around and we thought we better get home to save ourselves for tomorrow night, the locals were so sad that Matt had to leave. Almost begged him to stay. Sara and I were a little reserved for some reason but once we got back to the boat we felt a burst of energy and sat up singing for fifteen minutes each of us secretly hoping tomorrow we can find more karaoke and possible become The Next Bequia Idol.
Sara and I had been trying to figure out what type of costume we were going to wear for the New Years Party. I managed to find a headband with flowers on it so she can wear that and I try to make a crown around my head from a braid.
We all make some road sodas and jump into the dingy ready for whatever the night is going to bring. Little did we know what that was going to entail. The good, the bad, and the ugly. Earlier in the day Matt and I had a disagreement about something silly, the kind of thing you can't even remember when all the anger and frustration wash away, however, as we move into the evening whatever we disagreed on still lingers. I want so bad to move on because I want to have this epic entrance into 2016.
We start the evening at a pool hall and Sara and I show off our horrible skills until the locals are coming over to respectfully coach us to get the ball in the pocket. The guys play and the winner moves on to play with the locals for a while, Matt takes advantage of the wifi to check his emails and Sara and I decide to walk around the town.
The main street has lights draped around every tree and corner possible. We walk to the stage where the DJ is jamming out some tunes with two little kids hanging out in matching outfits dancing. As we approach all the power goes out, it goes completely dark and silent. I start a conversation with the two boys. They are brothers aged 8 and 6, so cute! Sara finds a local who has lived in Sweden to chat with and we all decide to walk back to the bar to see what the guys are up to. The local Swedish guy, Floyd, invites us to come with him to this bar on top the hill for a drink.
Matt and I quickly realize that we are extending our budget if we expect to hang at this bar. Plus, we have not had anything to eat and the drinks are starting to move through our blood stream and into my head. We excuse ourselves as politely as possible and head back down the hill where we saw some street food. AH – best idea we had the entire night. The food was amazing and we are starting to get in the spirit of things. We met back up with the Aussies and just stroll the streets enjoying what it has to offer. As we get to the stage the two young boys from earlier come running up to hug me and Sara and I start twirling all the kids and dancing with them. Matt is running around playing soccer with a coke bottle as a ball with the young boys. (A memory I will not forget) It was great until my head was spinning and some of the older boys start gyrating on me.
Somehow we get separated from the Aussies and left alone, Matt and I manage to find that sweet spot of anger and disappointment we hit earlier so we go home. As we walk along the boardwalk I can see the fireworks over my shoulder and feel a heavy sadness wondering if this means bad luck for 2016, if you believe in that.
The next morning Matt and I manage to put it all behind us and make up and move on with our day. We are going to get sailing. One more stop before St. Lucia. We are going to sail to the main island to stay for the night. In my conversation with Sara I learned she too ended up crying on New Years. We decide to blame our crazy emotions on the mix of beer and rum as well as mercury being in retrograde (I made that last part up). Obviously it was just an overdose of alcohol.