Thus far, the church and ecclesiastical law and administration has not featured prominently in Fine of the Month articles. Here, Philippa Hoskin, Senior Lecturer at the University of Lincoln, an expert on episcopal and ecclesiastical government in the thirteenth century, redresses the balance somewhat. She examines one entry in which a writ is purchased unique in the Fine Rolls of Henry IIIs reign. She reveals the friction that existed between secular and ecclesiastical jurisdiction in matters of the right to ecclesiastical office and property, and highlights the resources clerks could employ to bolster their case.
⁋1 Oxfordshire. William, parson of the church of Shipton, gives the king 20s. for having a writ to remove lay force (de vi laica amovenda). Order to the sheriff of Oxfordshire to take etc. [Woodstock, 13 July 1251].
⁋1The ability to search across the full range of the on-line translations of the fine rolls up to 1272, using Google's advanced search for a specific website for the period beyond 1242, enables unexpected and individual fines to be identified. The fine above is just one of over 100 entries on the roll for 35 Henry III (1250–1251) which purchase writs. The level of payment is not remarkable amongst such fines. However, this particular entry is striking in requesting an unusual writ: one found nowhere else in the fine rolls up to 1272 and apparently requested relatively rarely in the thirteenth century as a whole. The writ de vi laica amovenda (sometimes called de vi laica removenda) has been little regarded by historians, and the author's work upon it is still on-going. This short article will examine, briefly, the background and purpose of the writ, and then it will look at what is known of this particular case and the possible background to William's purchase, before considering how this fits within the broader context of the thirteenth-century issues concerning the use of the secular arm to enforce ecclesiastical law.
⁋3The 1251 purchase recorded in this fine puts William's writ amongst the first surviving: only thirteen earlier uses of the writ are known. It is found in August 1236, when a copy was enrolled in the Close Rolls addressed to the sheriff of Gloucester concerning the lay force in Wotton church. 8 Specific requests for it only first survive from 1260, and it may be that this reflects the date at which it came to be considered a de cursu writ. 9 From the thirteenth century we know of 122 instances in which de vi laica amovenda was used, requested or said to have been issued. 10 Of these only 42 are from Henry III's reign, three from the 1230s, seven from the 1240s, nine (including this reference in the fine roll) from the 1250s and 22 from the 1260s with the remaining two dated to the early 1270s. Its use increased in Edward I's reign: after 1272, there are 17 survivals from the later 1270s then 35 from the 1280s and 25 from the 1290s, with two undatable beyond the broad dates of this king. Its development thus fits within the date-span of the development of de excommunicato capiendo, found from the early thirteenth-century, and de apostata capiendo which is first known from 1257. The writ was never, judging by the surviving documentation, very extensively used. Fewer than 250 writs or requests have been identified in total so far for the period up to 1540. In contrast Logan has found 402 petitions for the use of de apostata capiendo (despite its later first appearance) and 7,600 significations of excommunication, 2,800 of them from the thirteenth-century. 11 The limited use of the writ might be explained by the fact that lay invasion was not that common, or that it was known not to be a particularly effective remedy, for which see below. 12 It was, however, common enough to have developed a standard form for both the request for the writ and the writ itself by the end of the century: in 1293 a request for ejection of a lay force from Thame, made by the bishop of Lincoln, was rejected for incorrect wording, 13 and de vi laica amovenda appears in a writ register of the early 1270s. 14 This writ also differs from the two other de cursu writs noted here in being returnable, at least in some circumstances. Both de apostata capiendo and de excommunicato capiendo were non-returnable writs. 15 Fitzherbert, however, refers to de vi laica amovenda as a writ which was returnable or not 'by his pleasure who shall sue the writ'. 16 This seems to have been the practice by the end of the thirteenth century. There is one direct reference from this century to return being made, in the dispute concerning the church of Thame in Oxfordshire, 17 and the few surviving originals now in The National Archives, or known to have once been held there, must also have been returned. 18 The survival of many more requests for the writ's issue than actual writs amongst the archives of royal government suggests, however, that non-return was the usual practice.
⁋4William's purchase of this writ implies, then, a violent incursion into the church of Shipton. What can we know about the circumstances of this particular seizure? The William, parson of Shipton, recorded here is William de Greynvill', rector of the parish of Shipton-on-Cherwell, to which he was presented in 1245 x 1246 by Roger de Paulton, layman. The Paultons and the Greynvills were both families local to the diocese of Wells, with the Paulton family having extensive holdings in Wiltshire and Somerset whilst the Greynvill family was also from the Wiltshire area. 19 William was no doubt related to the Adam de Greinville who was itinerant justice in the 1260s and justice of the Jews, and who paid a fine of 40 marks for the bailiwick of the forest of Selwood, Wiltshire, in this same fine roll of 1250–1251. 20 He was thus a member of a family of some influence. The entry of William's institution in the bishop's rolls both records that he had a benefice in another, unspecified, diocese and includes the marginal note 'Dubitatur de hac institutione'. 21 On what grounds could such doubts have arisen? They were unlikely in this instance to be connected to a dispute between prospective patrons concerning the advowson. Shipton descended with the manor, although there were some complications of patronage in the early thirteenth century, in particular in 1222 x 1223 when Walter, chaplain of St George's, Oxford, was instituted as rector of the church at the presentation of Ralph son of Robert, chief lord of the fief, as the direct patron, Roger son of Ralph, was excommunicate, 22 and twelve years later, when the next rector was presented by a Guy son of Robert rather than a son of Roger. 23 In the 1240s, however, the manor was granted by Guy to John of Paulton and this seems to have led to no formal, future disputes. 24 A more probable issue was William's apparent lack of the necessary dispensation to hold in plurality, a dispensation he only received in April 1248 when the papal registers recorded permission to hold more than one benefice with cure of souls for William de Greynvill, rector of Farmborough, in the diocese of Bath and Wells – a benefice in Wiltshire and in the patronage of Monkton Farleigh priory – who then held two benefices. 25 Until at least 1248, then, uneasiness about William's position must have remained. By 1251 the rector's dispensation should have eased this concern but counter-claims to the rectory may well have developed in the period of uncertainty and these could have remained areas of dispute in the next years, as occurred in other cases of lay invasion.
⁋6Other disputes over presentations were not connected to such provision, or only incidentally. At Kirkby Kendal a dispute which resulted in a request for de vi laica amovenda in 1295 had begun in 1285. 36 From 1291 on, the issue was of Walter of Maidstone's presentation to the church by the bishop, with papal permission, but the papal right of provision existed only because of a long vacancy in the church, and this vacancy had begun with the bishop's removal of Master Alan of Easingwold from the church to which the latter had claimed the right to present himself. 37 Other cases were more straightforward. To give but a few examples, in the 1290s at St. Ishmaels in Wales, when the bishop of St. Davids requested the writ he described the issue as one of patronage disputed between St. Peter's abbey Gloucester and Henry of Lancaster. 38 In 1294, at Pakefield, the writ was the end result of a case between two laymen at the King's Bench over the advowson there and at Mendlesham, and Professor Harper-Bill has noted in his forthcoming volume of late Norwich acta that the dispute was very probably the result of a quarrel over patronage. 39 This was also the issue in the second earliest known reference to the writ in August 1238 where it was requested by the papal legate, Otto, as the result of a dispute heard before him concerning the patronage of the church of Tonbridge. 40 Clearly in this fine William was seeking a writ some years after his institution, and the dispute may not have been a new one. It is not common for a request for the writ to give the length of time for which the church has been occupied, no thirteenth-century request does so, 41 and a number of requests give at least the impression of a recent incident, but as the case of Kirby Kendal has demonstrated, disputes could continue over a number of years before the writ was requested.
⁋8The writ is also linked with de excommunicato capiendo in another sense, for both of them reveal the tensions inherent in the Church's reliance on secular support and the secular arm in enforcing certain ecclesiastical process and penalties. The issue of signification was one raised only a few years after this, by the bishops as a body, in their gravamina of 1253, 52 and then later in their linked gravamina, provisions and canons of 1257, 1258 and 1261 53 and the gravamina of 1285, 54 and which they noted countless times in statutes for individual dioceses. Their specific complaints were that the king ignored requests for caption of excommunicates, as well as ordering the freeing of such excommunicates without request from, or reference to, the bishops, but behind these complaints was the more general issue of authority. This is not to say that the Church was without authority within its jurisdiction and it would be wrong to imply that the exercise of limited ecclesiastical jurisdiction was not valued by the Crown. The State benefitted from the ecclesiastical courts' control over individuals in the areas of, for example, marriage and testamentary law, and the right of the bishops' consistory courts to hear cases covering large parts of their parishioners' lives was becoming increasingly established during the thirteenth century. It is equally true that the two systems were not always in conflict. However, the acceptance of the need for royal authority revealed the Church's weakness in particularly in dealing with the obdurate. Although the Church attempted to claim that in this sort of situation the temporal power was obliged to come to the aid of the spiritual, 55 the 1261 questions put to, and answered by, the king made it clear that whilst the Church attempted to maintain the position that they obtained the de cursu writ for caption by right, the king insisted that it was a matter of royal grace. 56 When Peter Quinel, bishop of Exeter, described the process of signification in his statutes of 1285 he expressed the tension, describing the two powers proceeding from one and the same source to rule the world, the sacerdotal and the royal, one wielding the spiritual and one the temporal sword. 57 The power of the Church, he claimed, was the greater, yet he admitted that in practical terms, secular authority did what ecclesiastical could not. The same tensions must have arisen over de vi laica amovenda.
⁋10If we consider how writs for the enforcement of the secular arm were probably requested and issued we can see that this, too, reflects the individual clergy's relationship with secular jurisdiction. As noted above, de vi laica amovenda, was described by Fitzherbert as being requested by episcopal certificate or without it and by the bishop or by the person who required the remedy. Although a very few requests do survive in the names of individual clergy or their proctors from this century, 66 the majority were issued by the bishop, as was the case with significations of excommunication. Or at least, they were requested in the bishop's name. Recent work on the dating of later thirteenth-century episcopal acta, including significations of excommunication, has suggested that, unsurprisingly, the growth in ecclesiastical administration and process, not least that created by the consistory courts themselves, meant that the majority of such ephemeral documents were probably issued without the bishops' knowledge of specific cases. 67 They must have been either issued by court officials automatically when a contumacious individual remained excommunicate, or more probably requested by the individuals affected, as Logan shows occurring in at least one instance of a signification of excommunication, 68 and as almost certainly happened in the 1270s when Roger, rector of Whitfield in Tynedale, was ejected from his cure. 69 Many of those requesting significations must have been laymen: an analysis of the 342 fourteenth-century cases for which there are surviving records from the consistory court at York suggests that the clergy (rectors, vicars, chaplains and clerks) made up less than 19% of plaintiffs there, rising to only 21% even if cases brought by religious are included. 70 But what of requests for de vi laica amovenda? If these were managed in the same way as significations of excommunication, then, as the clergy were those losing by lay force invasions of ecclesiastical property, we must expect that almost all the requesters were clerics. Some few may have been lay patrons in advowson cases, although many such patrons were religious and could have included some of the bishops themselves, but most of the requests are phrased to imply that the incumbent, rather than the patron, was the one who was, in Fitzherbert's words, 'him who is grieved'. Even, therefore, when the request appears to have come from the diocesan, the instigator must usually have been an ejected clergyman. That in the fine considered here William de Greynvill' is purchasing his own writ reinforces the involvement of the parish clergy in seeking their own secular remedy in such cases: a process perhaps more clearly seen in this early example of the writ, but which remains behind the later episcopal requests.
⁋12This brief fine hides a story of violence and dispute in the parish of Shipton-on-Cherwell, a parish served by a pluralist churchman in an age of ecclesiastical reform. Many of the exact details and the resolution of the case remain concealed. However, this entry does provide an opportunity to consider how this new writ played its part in negotiating the boundaries of contested jurisdiction between Church and State.


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How can you learn to improvise on first dates, and why is it vital?
A first date is your first real-life interaction with a potential partner. Understandably, it may be stressful, and things do not always go as planned. You may feel awkward or shy. The other person may look nothing like their profile photo. Whatever happens, you often need to improvise. The more you practice, the better you get. Follow these tips to feel more comfortable if thing go awry. As a matter of fact, these techniques come from the art of improvisation comedy. What is applicable on stage, works for dating.
What do I need to let go of to enjoy the date?
This will come in handy when your date is whining about their lousy day at work. Focus on the good wine in your glass and let go of the situation.
Hostility is to be avoided at all costs. Think of the typical "yes, but…" improvisation strategy. First, some information is presented, which players acknowledge as true by saying "yes, but…". next, they add new details to develop the scene.
No matter how much you dislike your date, make sure your behavior is neither aggressive nor offensive. Refrain from accusations and arguments. After all, if you do not intend to see this person again, why exacerbate the tension? Even if your opponent is entirely wrong, it is better to allow him to think otherwise.
On stage, an actor reacts to others' phrases to move the show forward. If he stops listening to focus on his next witty remark, he will fail to follow the logic of the scene. Hence, do not get distracted. Listen attentively to what your date says. Avoid yes/no questions. Instead, ask them for details – why, how, when, or where something happened. Everybody loves talking about themselves and will appreciate active listening. In fact, it is highly endearing. This will help you bond faster and your charms will be enhanced.
With active listening, you may not need to contribute much to a conversation you are not enjoying. the other party may end up doing all the talking and enjoying it.
Remember that there are no mistakes. Like improvisation comedy, the events may be totally unpredictable, and it is not your duty to foresee every little thing. Whatever happens, it is a learning experience. Besides, you will never see this person again if you do not want to. Be friendly and do what feels right.


text:
Lettuce Eat Kale
Musings on food matters
Gabrielle Hamilton: Blood, Bones & Bombshells
by Sarah Henry on October 25, 2011 · 27 comments
in bay area bites,food books,food events
Gabrielle Hamilton can write, there's no doubt about that. Craft infuses her recent bestseller, peppered as it is with references to both body and kitchen fluids.
Still, this writer was reluctant to read the memoir of this reluctant chef.
When a book like Blood, Bones & Butter gets so much advance praise it's hard to believe it can live up to the hype.
Let's review, shall we? There was the excerpt in The New Yorker, a New York Times profile and laudatory reviews from the paper of record by Michiko Kakutani and Frank Bruni, along with glowing accounts in the Washington Post and Wall Street Journal. Of course, the womens' glossies weighed in with pleasure, as did the blogosphere, including the Times (again), 5 Second Rule, and Bay Area Bites.
Top chefs chimed in too: Her book boasts bubbly blurbs from Bourdain, Batali, and Boulud.
Curious to find out what all the fuss was about, this reporter went to hear Hamilton speak at Omnivore Books in March, when she swung through town on book tour, and again last Thursday, when she appeared on stage in conversation with Kim Severson as part of the City Arts & Lecture series. Oh, and in between this reporter devoured her almost 300-page coming-of-age story.
The book is an indisputable page turner, but let's dispose of one major beef up front: The last section — "Butter" — feels rushed and not ready for prime time, in large part because the central concern — the unraveling of her lonely marriage — was not resolved in real time. No matter, the publisher wanted that memoir hitting the shelves pronto and mass marketing waits for no one. (Hamilton said Thursday that she's since addressed the marriage matter — in life and on the page in an epilogue for the paperback edition, available in January.)
Clearly, the woman has a talent with pots and pens. The owner of Prune, a wildly popular little bistro in Manhattan's East Village, (the restaurant's title comes from a childhood nickname), Hamilton recently won a James Beard Award for best New York City chef after receiving nominations for the coveted title three years running. (Though some grumbled that the gal who serves Triscuits and canned sardines at the bar won more for what she represents than what she cooks.) She's written about the chef's life for Bon Appetit, Food & Wine, and Saveur, where her sister Melissa Hamilton was an editor, and appeared in six volumes of Best Food Writing.
Hamilton has worked hard and overcome obstacles to get to the top of her game, in two creative fields no less. She survived a largely feral childhood followed by a drug-fueled, unsupervised adolescence, turned to cooking to find family, home, hope, structure, and salvation and wound up, on a whim, running a restaurant of her own.
She's not interested in glamorizing either pursuit. If anything she has a tendency to martyrdom: Hamilton recounts cleaning human excrement off the restaurant stoop and deposing of a dead rat riddled with maggots found on the back steps. She turns hundreds of eggs on the breakfast line, while major-league pregnant and, later, with babies clinging to her breast.
Her autobiography, a decade in the making, is scribbled on brown paper between services, on subway rides, and while putting those babes to bed. There is never enough time or sleep.
Professionally, Hamilton is a big talent and a huge success. Her personal life, as she reveals in her book, is a bit messier. Estranged from her mother for decades, she identifies as lesbian but ditched the sisterhood for a clandestine affair with an Italian man she ends up marrying. He is the father of her two boys, though from the beginning of their coupling trouble is brewing. For starters, Hamilton seems more in love with his mother and summer visits to the Italian clan's compound than her actual husband.
These personal revelations would seem meaty subjects for seasoned interviewer Kim Severson in her City Arts & Lectures discussion with Hamilton. But Severson — now the New York Times' Atlanta bureau chief who appears to keep her hand in the food beat and her heart in San Francisco — was in a tricky situation. Just days before Hamilton landed in town the New York Post had dropped a bombshell about the celebrity chef's love life.
Of course, who Hamilton sleeps with is really nobody else's business, except that her memoir includes revelations about her adventures in the sack as well as an apron. And Hamilton talks a lot about the value of being honest and authentic in the kitchen and on the page. To top it off, the New York Post item on Hamilton was recycled in the local food media the day before her appearance.
Severson gave a nod to the matter early on in the chat: "I'm going to ask you the question on everyone's minds, [theatrical pause] How do you keep your skin so dewy?" That set the tone for an evening of mostly softballs from Severson, who made a running gag about not being "bitter" that Hamilton's memoir was a better read than her own, Spoon Fed.
The Times staffer did try some shock value, noting the book's unusual intimacy, which a friend described to Severson this way: "I feel like I know every fold in her vagina." But she quickly found herself in the role of comforting colleague, after an earthquake literally shook the subdued Hamilton, who looked like she wanted to bolt from the stage when things started rocking.
A few sips of wine later, however, Hamilton regained her composure and temporarily shut down Severson, as she meandered through her self-described cliched questions. Case in point: "What's the last taste you would want in your mouth before you die?" Surely not the first time Hamilton's fielded that query.
"I thought we were going to have an intelligent conversation about writing and you want to know if I keep lube in my bedside table," Hamilton scolded at one point. Note to Linda Hunt: Not all KQED subscribers may be amused by the repartee between these two, who wondered if any couple, regardless of orientation, can keep sex alive in a long-term relationship — though, it must be said, the crowd at Herbst Theater ate it up.
During the audience Q&A fans gushed about how much they loved Hamilton's book, even if they hadn't finished it, and her restaurant, even if they hadn't eaten there yet. In such an environment, this reporter felt it would have been a hostile act to ask the writer-chef if she cared to comment about the recent allegations in the press. Instead, she opted for the more discreet email follow up to both Hamilton and Severson, neither of whom jumped at the opportunity to explain why the subject wasn't broached on stage.
Hardly surprising. Hamilton made it clear at her book signing at Omnivore that she's selective about what aspects of her private life the public get to know about through her writing. Her mantra: If it's not in there, it's not tellable — readers don't get all of her. Fair enough.
It's this kind of contradiction — the tell-all that keeps secrets — that makes Hamilton such a fascinating creature. She's full of inconsistencies — aren't we all? — only hers are on display for all the world to see and hear. Hamilton often says she loathes being called "a female chef" and yet when TV came calling looking for just such a demographic, she jumped at the chance to take one for the team.
Similarly she thinks the term "food writer" is demeaning; she's simply a chef who is also a scribe and cooking is what allowed her to come to the party. Yet, when asked what readers can expect next from the literary writer she responds: A cookbook.
During the talk Hamilton mentions the moms at her sons' school, who she says look at her disdainfully as she drops off her kids. Her children eat poorly and often in the car on the way to school, she confesses. And yet, one can't help but get the impression that the 45-year-old looks down her nose at them. Severson counters that perhaps the other moms are intimidated or awed by the successful chef with the best-selling memoir but Hamilton dismisses this notion out of hand.
And the Beard Award is silly, Hamilton says, until she wins it, and then it's the most important culinary honor a chef can earn. Thankfully she has a sense of humor about all this flip-flopping.
One gets the sense that Hamilton doesn't give a hoot if you like her, agree with her opinions, or want to read her book. It's what makes her intriguing and may well be an essential part of why she's so talented on the page and in the kitchen. She's just doing her own thing and not seeking anyone else's praise or approval.
During the course of the 90-minute City Arts & Lectures dialogue she laments the fetishization of food (the cult of farmers' markets, home cooks with sous vide machines), discussions of gender issues in restaurant kitchens (snoozeville), and the plethora of social media around food culture. Reading about food online, she says, is like eating at McDonalds. "You end up feeling hungry, undernourished, tired, and full of self loathing."
She's also down on the rise of reality TV cooking shows, even though she's had her own turn in front of the camera. (She slayed Bobby Flay on "Iron Chef"). "It's starting to suck for all of us, since TV isn't about cooking it's about entertaining," says Hamilton. "It's impossible to be quiet or subtle with food on television because actual cooking is really quite dull and repetitive."
Plans for a movie based on the memoir are already in the works, Hamilton told fans Thursday. She jokes she'd like to see Robert Downey Jr. play her.
That seems about right. Hamilton has balls. And a muscularity to her convictions and craft that the actor could convey handsomely. Audiences with a taste for Hamilton's contrarian ways might just go for such gender-bending casting. Stay tuned.
Listen to the conversation between Gabrielle Hamilton and Kim Severson broadcast on KQED Sunday, November 27 at 1 p.m.
This post originally appeared on KQED's Bay Area Bites.
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Care to share
Tagged as: Blood Bones & Butter, City Arts & Lectures, Gabrielle Hamilton, Kim Severson, Prune
ruth pennebaker October 25, 2011 at 11:01 am
What a fascinating article! I had no idea there was such a back story to this already fascinating tale.
Sarah Henry October 25, 2011 at 11:44 am
There's always a back story, Ruth, this one is just juicier than most.
merr October 25, 2011 at 11:43 am
Exactly what Ruth said.
NoPotCooking October 25, 2011 at 12:49 pm
I love the part about tv not being about cooking, but about entertaining. I think they are two different things and some of us who write recipes and cook are not interested in being cute in front of a camera. I am going to get this book though, so thanks for the in depth report on it.
Sarah Henry October 25, 2011 at 1:08 pm
There's much to recommend it, NPC. I think you'll enjoy it.
Sheryl October 25, 2011 at 12:53 pm
Who needs her memoir when we can read your juicy and satisfying repartee right here, Sarah?!
Read it for craft, Sheryl, read it for craft.
judy stock October 25, 2011 at 1:53 pm
Loved the interview. She sounds like an amazing character. Kinda intrigued by people who don't care whether you like them or not. Interesting types. I might just have to get this book. And, I couldn't agree with her more about the reality food shows. I am so over them. Can't stand most of the talent the Food Net keeps on picking anyway.
Barf on Rachel Ray, Sandra Lee and that Italian one I can't think of her name.
Thanks so much for this piece.
Judy, you're funny. I think you'd appreciate this memoir too.
MyKidsEatSquid October 26, 2011 at 6:58 am
So did you get a chance to meet with her one-on-one or ask your own questions? I'm wondering if she has a more public persona for crowds and a different personality once she's not on stage (in pages). She sounds like a fascinating person.
Sarah Henry October 26, 2011 at 8:40 am
Yes, MKES, I did chat with her, briefly, after the Omnivore event, which was a much more intimate setting. We all have our public personas or game faces, of course, but she struck me as a "take me as I am/what you see is what you get" kinda gal.
Casey@Good. Food. Stories. October 27, 2011 at 2:49 pm
Yeah, I think she is who she is – that is to say smart, contradictory, a little bit hypocritical, immensely talented – all of which adds up to a fascinating memoir.
Casey@Good. Food. Stories.´s last [type] ..Ingredient of the Month: Shcarole
Well said, and in far fewer words than it took me.
Melanie @ Frugal Kiwi October 26, 2011 at 11:25 am
I'd heard about the book in passing, but had no idea there was such a fuss!
Melanie @ Frugal Kiwi´s last [type] ..50 litres of Milk and a Possum
There may well be, if she ever makes it Down Under.
Alexandra October 26, 2011 at 1:44 pm
I remember requesting this book from the library but at a period where I was so busy I never got down to pick it up. Will have to re-order. I must say I agree with her about all the attention food gets online. I prefer to spend that time in a good restaurant ….
Alexandra´s last [type] ..More on OWS and GMOs
Except when reading my blog, of course, Sandy. Right?
Living Large in our Little House October 27, 2011 at 1:50 pm
What a fascinating story!
That seems to be the adjective of choice, LLLH.
Sarah, Simply Cooked October 29, 2011 at 6:24 am
Hi Sarah, I saw that Stacy at Little Blue Hen already mentioned that we read this book earlier this year for the Kitchen Reader book club – and we loved talking about it. Her writing is so engaging. I was thinking that perhaps the book club might be something you would enjoy, too?
Sarah, Simply Cooked´s last [type] ..10 Ways to Encourage Conversations and Comments on Your Blog
Sarah Henry November 3, 2011 at 7:18 am
Yes, Sarah. Thanks for the reminder. Your book club sounds like just my sort of thing.
Jane Boursaw October 31, 2011 at 10:37 am
Reading the story of Gabrielle Hamilton makes me want to … I dunno… do more, be more, achieve my full potential, quit bandying about and, as Katharine Hepburn used to say, get on with it! And I absolutely love the title of her book.
Jane Boursaw´s last [type] ..Happy Halloween! What's the Scariest Movie You've Ever Seen?
She's a dynamo, for sure. And the title certainly makes you pay attention.
Donna Hull November 2, 2011 at 12:32 pm
Fascinating story. Gabrielle Hamilton sounds like a woman who knows herself. I admire someone who doesn't care what others think. Her cooking, writing and love exploits will make an interesting movie.
Donna Hull´s last [type] ..Discovering Creativity in Cairo
Happy to entertain ideas about who might play the author-chef. Anyone?
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POLL – Is it possible to watch '90 Day Fiance' and not feel gross and sad?
TLC's series 90 Day Fiance has returned to show another crop of engaged couples that are using the fiance visa. Really, the entire premise is in the title of the show. And it's …just as unusual as it sounds, right? Maybe they could title it "Pretty, Dubiously Sketchy People" or "Desperate Americans".
You're reading the Small Screen Scoop TV Blog, stay tuned here for your daily TV show polls.


Horizon 2020 has a particular focus on small businesses with 20% of the programme's budget allocated for SMEs. Successful, innovative SMEs play a critical role in developing a more competitive economy with higher employment which is why the UK and the European Union have taken this 'bottom up' or business led approach.
Streamlined application procedures, including simpler evaluation criteria based around excellence, implementation and impact, mean that SMEs now have easier access to EU resources and grant funding through the Horizon 2020 programme. Phased financial support is available for projects, from concept and feasibility through to market readiness preparation and eventual market launch. Visit the Funding calls page to view the latest open competitions or the FAQs section for more information.
A European network providing information on European Union programmes and linking businesses and organisations to seek partners for European Union projects (see Enterprise Europe Network).
EU SME Instrument: The SME Instrument is a new dedicated SME scheme to fill gaps in funding for early stage, high risk research and development. It targets all types of SMEs and provides support across all areas of innovation, science and technology.
Eurostars: The Eurostars programme is targeted at innovative SMEs wanting to take part in collaborative research with partners across Europe and associated countries.


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Toronto 210 Bloor Street West Condos
210 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON
Developer: Tribute
Please send me information on 210 Bloor Street West Condos and include price lists and floor plans.
Right across the street from the Royal Ontario Museum, Tribute Communities will be bringing a brand-new condo to add a new spice to the already sophisticated Bloor Street stretch.
210 Bloor Street West Condos is a pre-construction condo project by Tribute Communities. This 29-storey boutique residence will house a limited enclave of 42 luxurious suites.
210 Bloor Street West Condos by Tribute communities will have a limited collection of luxurious suites. Each of the dwellings is expected to have upscale features and finishes as expected from its developer and designer. The condo is also expected to have an impressive selection of amenities that will give luxury a new meaning.
The condo's unique architecture exudes a sense of intimacy in this sophisticated neighborhood. Investors will be amazed by the distinctive contemporary feel of the tower both inside and out.
This part of the Annex Neighborhood is an area with an abundance of green spaces, parks, cafés, restaurants, bars, lounges, and other places that people can relax in. The lively vibe of this area attracts people of all ages to its ample collection of casual eateries, bars, cafés, indie bookshops, and beautiful tree-lined streets.
The area is also home to some of Toronto's notable places such as the Royal Ontario Museum, which is one of the largest museums in North America.
This unique location in the Yorkville neighborhood is located close to numerous lifestyle options and amenities. But what makes this place truly stand out is its proximity to museums and historical landmarks. Right across the street are the Royal Ontario Museum and Gardiner Museum which the residents can indulge in. Philosopher's Walk and Queen's Park also provide the residents with a quick escape from the busy streets of downtown Toronto.
This amenity-rich neighborhood houses numerous dining options. Proof Bar & Patio, Tim Horton's, Duke of York Pub, and Trattoria Fieramosca are just some of the eateries that are situated steps away from the project.
Brand-name stores are also nearby which includes Chanel, Louis Vitton, Hermés, and a few others. Yorkville Village Shopping Mall also houses a variety of stores that include brand-name clothiers, furniture stores, and home furnishing.
The Toronto condo is in a student-friendly location mainly due to its proximity to a variety of learning institutions that include the University of Toronto – St. George Campus, Anderson College, Huron Street Junior Public School, and a few others.
Public transportation options include TTC bus routes that service the area for making commutes around the city a breeze. TTC Subway stations are also situated nearby which makes traveling to Downtown Toronto and to other parts of the GTA an easy task.
For over 30 years, Tribute Communities has been one of the most established home builders in the GTA. With over 30,000 homes built as a testament to their dedication to quality home building in the GTA, Tribute Communities had become one of the major players in Toronto's home building industry.
Some of their most recognizable projects include The College Condominium in Spadina, The Neighborhoods of Windfields Farm, Queen & Portland, Canterbury Lawrence Park, and Chelsea Hill in Whitby.
Address: 210 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON
1) 350 Bloor Street West Condos
2) 80 Bloor Street West Condo


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Mega Mining conference in Kenya ready, to boost investment
7th November 2018 EABW EditorComment(0)
Mining is set to play a bigger role in Kenya's economy and the government is determined to do its best to encourage growth in the sector.
The country is not known for its mining but has more than its fair share of the mineral endowment which can be exploited in a meaningful and sustainable manner given the right approach from all stakeholders.
The Kenya Mining Forum in Nairobi next Monday and Tuesday represents an ideal opportunity to enhance this process through effective dialogue and open minds.
The forum, which is being organized by the Kenya Chamber of Mines, shines a light on the Kenyan mining industry and highlights the key roles that stakeholders can play along with government initiatives to boost investment into the sector.
It also showcases key equipment and service providers who are equipped to service this growing sector.
While former Mining Cabinet secretary Dan Kuzungu has moved on to new ventures after doing a stellar job in the key role, his replacement Dan Munyes is showing his willingness to continue the good work government is looking to achieve.
Chamber of Mines CEO Moses Njiru Njeru recently stated: "The mining industry is looking forward to contributing to the Kenyan Government's Big Four Agenda, as the mineral industry provides key raw materials for at least three of these four pillars, which include manufacturing, universal healthcare, affordable housing, and food security.
"Kenya remains an exciting new mining destination on the continent. The nation's upbeat tempo and progressive mindset are ready to embrace technology and innovations to leapfrog the entire mining value chain towards becoming a modern mining player. For example, an extensive airborne survey of Kenya is underway to identify all the mineral opportunities."
The country is the world's third largest producer of soda ash and seventh largest producer of fluorspar. Metallic minerals produced in the country include titanium, gold and iron ore with export statistics indicating a growing sector.
Recent discoveries are estimated to be worth US$62.4 billion and will propel Kenya to the list of the top five countries with rare earth deposits while, in addition, the country has the world's top six deposits for niobium.
Base Titanium's heavy mineral sands mine, commissioned in 2013, has become an industry leader in the production of rutile, ilmenite and zircon, and the Kenyan coast hosts more heavy mineral sands resources which could be developed.
Kenya has a vibrant limestone mining and cement manufacturing industry, with players such as Bamburi Cement, Athi River Mining and East African Portland.
Until recently, the country was producing about 150,000 tonnes per year of fluorspar. The mine closed, but there are plans to revive it as the resource is not exhausted. Other industrial mineral development opportunities include diatomite, vermiculite, baryte, bentonite, gypsum, graphite.
The country has significant potential for gold production, in particular in the Nyanzan greenstone belts of Western Kenya, where artisanal mining is rife.
Some base metal occurrences, including copper, chromite and iron ore, are known and exploited on a small scale. The most immediate development potential, however, lies in the manganese deposits between Mombasa and Malindi.
Commercial deposits of coal have been discovered in the northeast and are under review for potential uses and production. These deposits are being billed as a source of cheaper energy to drive Vision 2030, the economic blueprint that aims to make Kenya an industrialized country in 20 years.
The Ministry of Mining has been active, creating numerous opportunities to support the growth of the sector, including:
New Mining Act: A new act was implemented in May 2016 and regulations have been made. In a year, Kenya has jumped 16 places to position 86 from 102 in the most attractive global mining destinations.
Nationwide airborne survey: In September this year, Kenya's Government has signed with China EXIM Bank a US$68 million deal to fund a nationwide airborne survey and map the country's minerals and natural resources.
Mineral Right Board (MRB): The MRB was inaugurated in July 2017, providing more transparency in the issuance of mining licences. This will, in turn, reduce the time taken to approve applications via the online cadastre.
With government involvement encouraging further exploration and uptake of mineral rights, it is estimated that the country will have the capacity to position itself as a regional mining sector hub for East Africa.
EABW Editor
ICT Industry
Kenya wins Bid to host the International Open Data Conference in 2020
3rd October 2018 EABW Editor
The 6th International Open Data Conference (IODC) will be held in Africa for the first time, in Nairobi, Kenya, in 2020. The Announcement was made at the closing ceremony of the 5th IODC 2018 held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from September 27 – 28, 2018 under the theme "The Future is Open." This year's IODC […]
Africa EAC Industry
EAC Secretary General Meets African Development Bank President
18th February 2019 EABW Editor
ARUSHA – East African Community Secretary General Liberat Mfumukeko has met with African Development Bank (AfDB) President and briefed him on the status of EAC integration highlighting the progress in the 4 pillars of integration and articulated the support needed from the Bank. Mfumukeko met Dr Akinwumi A. Adesina on February 15 at the AfDB headquarters in Abidjan, […]
Making the WTO Work for Africa
17th September 2020 Godfrey Ivudria
Hippolyte Fofack and Pat Utomi LAGOS – The contest to succeed Roberto Azevêdo as director-general of the World Trade Organization has entered a crucial new phase, with the first round of voting by WTO members set to end on September 16. Three of the eight contenders are African: Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, a former Nigerian finance minister; Amina Mohamed, a Kenyan […]
Affordable housing determining Nairobi workers' choice of stay
'Grab the Chance to Fast-track Development,' Adesina tells Africa Investment Forum
Ethiopian Airlines to add Bengaluru to its Indian flight network
31st July 2019 EABW Editor
The Crisis of Central-Bank Governance
4th October 2019 EABW Editor


In this episode we'll continue with the Worker Role introduction. Instead of tightly coupled direct communication, we'll explore other means such as using shared storage and Windows Azure Service Bus to communicate among roles.
Nice do you have any plan for Azure Mobile services with C# and please extend the time of lectures if possible other than awesome .
I have been following your lectures regualry and they are superb.
From some reason I was not able to send a test message to the queue from the DatabaseExplorer (VS2012. on VS2010 I guess its Server Explorer) like the presentation suggested.
I'm not sure the directions in this video are still applicable to VS2017. Please update this content.
To get around the absence of a "Add Windows Azure Cloud Service Project" from the project's solution explorer context menu, instead in the same context menu go to "Convert" -> "Convert to Microsoft Azure Cloud Service Project". After following these steps, you should have a roughly equivalent solution setup as shown @ 2:50 in the video.
The tool shown around 8:50 for managing service bus queues through Visual Studio is not applicable to VS2017. Please update this content.


Did you know Deal Zippy users could save an average of 42% at Ballyhoura Forest Luxury Homes with Dealzippy.co.uk and the fantastic travel deals provided by daily deal websites like KGB Deals? Each day Deal Zippy scans over 25 leading travel sites so you can see every cheap Ballyhoura Forest Luxury Homes deal and Ballyhoura Forest Luxury Homes voucher codes listed right here. Also, if you register for Deal Zippy travel deal alerts you will also get an email everyday with details of new Ballyhoura Forest Luxury Homes KGB deals and other amazing deals on travel- including holidays, UK hotel deals, short breaks and cheap flights.
The best saving available at Ballyhoura Forest Luxury Homes was 74% and the average money customers saved on Ballyhoura Forest Luxury Homes deals is 42%.
On average Deal Zippy users can save £196.00 with a daily deal or voucher when they visit Ballyhoura Forest Luxury Homes.


Mortality cross subsidy is thing that makes annuity unique and enables them to pay income for life no matter how long you live. This is because the income paid to those who live longer than expected is subsidised from the income saved from those who die early than expected.
This clearly favours those in good health who may live longer than expected at the expense of those who die early because they are in poor health. To overcome this problem some insurance companies provided enhanced annuities which pay a higher income for those who have a medical condition which may reduce their normal life expectancy.


Film enthusiasts once again put the borough on the arts map by landing two awards at the country's biggest celebration of community cinema.
Leigh Film Society scooped two accolades at the annual prize-giving organised by Cinema For All, winning awards for best film programme and film discovery.
Judges at the conference in Sheffield were wowed by Leigh Film Society's selection of non-mainstream movies put on at The Turnpike and at venues across the borough.
It was also recognised for its work in education and in engaging young people in schools, colleges and universities in cinema, both by making films themselves and getting involved in putting on screenings.
Leigh Film Society said it was extremely proud the judges had chosen to reward these two particular aspects of its work.
The grass-roots volunteer-run group has enjoyed huge success at the Cinema For All prize-giving, with the latest prizes following the four-award haul at last year's event, including the best community cinema group in the country.
Leigh Film Society development director Elizabeth Costello said: "It's the second year in a row we have won the film discovery award and it means so much to us.
"We've concentrated quite a lot recently on our film education programme. We've been trying to bring film to a younger audience through our connections with Edge Hill University and offering work experience and volunteering placements.
"Students have been to the society and the Leigh Short Film Festival and have also done work with us for their degree modules.
"One of the Alra North students introduced our young film-makers event in 2017 and this year he is co-hosting our main event.
"We're also immensely proud to have won the film programming award. We take our film selections very seriously, looking at what we can commemorate or celebrate or what is not mainstream but has got great reviews or received awards.
"For that to be recognised at the national level means the world to us.
The awards were also celebrated by Leigh MP and the film society's patron Jo Platt.
She said: "Leigh Film Society goes from strength to strength. This latest award is testament to the hard work and commitment of volunteers, but also the talent we have here in Leigh.
"It is so very important that constituencies like Leigh give adults and young people access and the ability to participate in arts and culture in all its forms.
zero-budget short film-making and is about to launch a new project at The Old Courts in Wigan with Cross Street Arts in which sculptors, painters and other local creative talents introduce works of cinema that have been extremely important to them.
It is hoped that this will help the group bring home prizes from the Cinema For All bash three years in a row in 2019.
However, Elizabeth says that setting up the unusual partnership project has also made her realise that there is far more that could be done locally for film.
Leigh Film Society already runs two classic cinema clubs which help people at risk of social isolation or suffering from dementia and also hosts one-off events with charities, campaigns and local groups to mark prominent anniversaries and support the likes of Orgreave Justice Campaign supporters, local foodbanks and the Waspi women battling state pension inequality.
Elizabeth said: "Our achievements over the last five years are remarkable and of the 2,000 community cinema clubs in the country we are recognised in the top few but I still don't think film is taken seriously enough in Wigan and Leigh.
"I want to throw down the gauntlet to the authorities to understand and recognise the health and wellbeing benefits of film.


In a not all that not insignificant rundown of execution cantinas, Mercedes-Benz has presented its most recent contender – the AMG GT 4-Door Coupe. In view of the AMG GT, the 4-Door, well… does what it says, includes two entryways. What's more, indeed, you likewise get 54 extra stallions than even the AMG GT R! Porsche Panamera, be careful.
Driving the 4-situate AMG GT is the same 4.0-liter V8 with coordinate infusion and twin turbochargers; the leader GT 63 S 4MATIC+ produces an enormous 639PS alongside a pinnacle torque of 900Nm! Stick the quickening agent and the 9-speed transmission will give you a chance to achieve 100kmph of every 3.2 seconds and on to a best speed of 315kmph. What's more, on the off chance that you need to utilize this energy to take you sideways, you get an extra Drift Mode in the S to help make it a back wheel drive evildoer.
However, in the event that that panics you, or your significant other, or your children, you can choose the less effective GT 63 4MATIC+ which brings shut down to 585PS and the measure of turn at the hub to 800Nm. This further adds 0.2 seconds to the 100kmph time and shaves off 5kmph from the best speed.
In any case, in the event that you intend to take your grandparents along, we very recommend you decide on the GT 53 4MATIC+. Rather than the gigantic V8, you get an electrically-helped 3.0-liter, in-line 6-barrel. This engine produces (only) 435PS and 520Nm. In any case, it likewise gets an extra EQ help of 250Nm in the event that you begin to get exhausted. Achieving triple digits takes too long – 4.5seconds (generally, obviously) and the best speed diminishes to 285 kmph.
Presently, we should talk common sense. The AMG GT 4-Door gets four seats. Furthermore, legitimate grown-up seats at that. It gets a boot with 395 liters of capacity alongside an extra 60 liters underneath the boot floor. Nonetheless, this can be extended to 1,324 liters by collapsing the back seats. So yes, you can fit your family and some gear for a cookout in there.
What else? Indeed, it's a leader Merc. Thus, you get a great deal of calfskin in a considerable measure of shades, two 12.3-inches shows for auto data with a Supersport mode and touch-touchy catches on the directing wheel alongside encompassing lighting, atmosphere control, air suspension AMG RIDE CONTROL+ and parcels more. However, what's fascinating is the sort of pace that the GT 4-Door guarantees to offer. Mercedes even ventures to state, "With AMG TRACK PACE, drivers can feel like Formula 1 World Champion Lewis Hamilton, and catch and break down in detail more than 80 vehicle-particular information and also times on the course.
The new AMG GT 4-Door Coupe will go on special in worldwide markets in the mid year of 2018. On the off chance that Mercedes-AMG decides to dispatch it in India, anticipate that it will happen at some point one year from now. It will equal any semblance of the Maserati Quattroporte, which packs a 3.8-liter, twin-turbocharged V8 petroleum motor that pumps out 530PS/710Nm and is estimated at Rs 2.7 Crore, and the Porsche Panamera Turbo, which is fueled by a 4.0-liter twin-turbo V8 with 550PS/770Nm and costs Rs 1.15 crore.


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English to Assamese Translation Online অসমীয়া লৈ অনুবাদ
Hello Visitors, Are you want to Translate English to Assamese? then you in the right webpage. in this webpage you can easily do English to Assamese Translation Online in 2022.
Language is a very vast subject. There are many languages around the world. As we know English is an international language. This language is being used in most countries around the world. But there are some people in India who don't know how to speak English, they feel comfortable in speaking their local language such as Assamese, Hindi, Punjabi etc.
So here I am going to discuss some topics related to English to Assamese Translation. This blog is going to help people who are not comfortable in speaking English & want to translate their documents into Assamese. They are going to get all the required.
English to Assamese Translation Online
About Assamese Language
Assamese also Asamiya( অসমীয়া) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken mainly in the northeast Indian state of Assam, where it is an official language. It is the easternmost Indo-European language, spoken by over 23 million speakers, and serves as the lingua franca of the region.
Nepalese, an Assamese-based pidgin, is used in Arunachal Pradesh, and Nagamese, an Assamese-based Creole language, is widely used in Nagaland. The Kamtapuri language of the Rangpur Division of Bangladesh and the Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri districts of India are linguistically closer to Assamese, though the speakers identify with the Bengali culture and the literary language.[8] In the past, it was the court language of the Ahom kingdom from the 17th century.
Along with other Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, Assamese evolved at least before the 7th century CE from the middle Indo-Aryan Magadhi Prakrit. Its sister languages include Angika, Bengali, Bishnupriya Manipuri, Chakma, Chittagonian, Hajong, Rajbangsi, Maithili, Rohingya and Sylheti. It is written in the Assamese alphabet, an abugida system, from left to right, with many typographic ligatures.
Assamese originated in Old Indo-Aryan dialects, though the exact nature of its origin and growth is not clear yet. It is generally believed that Assamese and the Kamatapuri lects derive from the Kamarupi dialect of Eastern Magadhi Prakrit though some authors contest a close connection of Assamese with Magadhi Prakrit. The Indo-Aryan, a late entrant in Assam, was probably spoken in the new settlements of Kamarupa—in urban centres and along the Brahmaputra river—surrounded by Tibeto-Burman and Austroasiatic communities.
Kakati's (1941) assertion that Assamese has an Austroasiatic substrate is generally accepted – which suggests that when the Indo-Aryan centres formed in the 4th-5th centuries CE, there were substantial Austroasiatic speakers that later accepted the Indo-Aryan vernacular. Based on the 7th-century Chinese traveller Xuanzang's observations, Chatterji (1926) suggests that the Indo-Aryan vernacular differentiated itself in Kamarupa before it did in Bengal, and these differences could be attributed to non-Indo-Aryan speakers adopting the language. The newly differentiated vernacular, from which Assamese eventually emerged, is evident in the Prakritisms present in the Sanskrit of the Kamarupa inscriptions.
English to Assamese Translation FAQ
How to download Bengali Translation Software?
We can understand you would like to download English to Assamese Translation software for offline use. But currently, this software works online only due to the dependency on third-party API. This Assamese translation works using Microsoft Bing so works in online mode only.
How does Assamese translation works?
Firstly the English to Assamese translation system interprets and do an in-depth analysis of all the features of the source (i.e. English) text like – grammar, semantics, syntax, idioms, etc., and also the culture of its speakers. Then the translator does the same in-depth analysis for the Assamese language and gives the translated text in Assamese. This English to Assamese translator uses Neural Machine Translation (NMT) to perform the process by attempting to model high-level abstractions into data, much closer to how it is undertaken by a human. Neural networks better capture the context of full sentences before translating them, which entails higher quality and more human-sounding translations
What is Machine Translation?
In the Context of English to Assamese translation, we can say that "Machine translation is a process whereby a computer software analyzes an English (or any language) text and produces an Assamese text without human intervention. Here what you are seeing is the neural machine translation process in which you type in English and get Assamese meaning (translation)
# Assamese Translation# Assamese Translation Online# English to Assamese


Today I'm teaming up with one of my favourite e-tailers – FarFetch. Earlier this year they announced that they would be expandIng their site to sell beauty products and boy, they did not disappoint. With the likes of Eve Lom, Sunday Riley & Oskia, it's a luxe beauty lovers dream hub.
FarFetch have challenged me to reveal my beauty secrets to my readers. Being a beauty blogger, it's a little bit difficult to have beauty secrets. You all know exactly what products I'm using and loving at the moment because I sure as hell will be telling you all about them. So instead of focusing on actual beauty products, today I'm going to be sharing beauty regime secrets that keep my skin looking healthy and how I've been prepping to go bare faced this summer.
1. Suncreen as primer – Generally I try not to use primer on a daily basis. The thought of layering products on my skin that will clog my pores just to keep my foundation in place scares me. Instead I replace it with a sunscreen with SPF 50. I started using it this way two years ago after coming back from Morocco and I swear by it. I use the clear spray, as I don't like how the white creams leave a white/ashy tinge to my skin. I squirt a little bit of sunscreen on to the palm of my left hand and with my right hand I work it into my skin. Voila! Primer/sunscreen is applied within a few seconds.
2. Good things come to those who wait – You could be using some of the best products out on the market, however if you don't let them soak into your skin properly you're not going to see results. I now try to rise just a little bit earlier in the mornings so I can put on my moisturiser, then go get dressed before applying sunscreen. Next I have a little breakfast before getting started on my make up. Investing a little time in your beauty regime is never a bad thing, plus if you're not rushing around and actually doing things at at your own pace, your mornings are a lot less stressful!
3. Chemical free cleansing – Try to invest in a gentle cleanser. If you get overwhelmed by all the ingredients and are not sure which of your existing cleansers aren't full of harmful chemicals then look out for the one that lathers the least. These are generally the best for cleaning out your pores without clogging them and getting rid of make-up and excess oils. The best cleansers don't leave a residue behind either nor do they leave your skin feeling tight so you actually don't even need a toner. Yep, I said it. No toner!
4. Invest in a dermaroller – If you're not sure what a dermaroller is then stay tuned as I'll be doing a post on it soon. In short though, it's a small, hand sized roller full of needles that you roll across your face. I promise you it's not a bad as it sounds! These tiny needles help puncture your skin ever so slightly so that all your lovely products can penetrate further into your skin. If you get it done professionally, it can cost an arm and a leg but it's actually quite safe and easy to do at home too.
5. Retinoids – Products with Retin-A are game changers or should I say skin changers, because they actually do change the way your skin behaves. In the long run retinoids help to improve the skin's texture and helps prevent wrinkles so it's definitely something to invest in.
So there you have it, 5 of my little secrets that help to keep my skin looking radiant and youthful, all ready for the warmer weather. Check out FarFetch's beauty page for some amazing products, including gentle cleansers and retinoids.
Share your beauty secret with me?


An ethnic group is set apart because of national origin or distinctive ____.
Within the Native American community, cultural diversity is distinguished by which of the following features?
the term used to refer to a group of people set apart from others by obvious physical differences is "___ group."
each society constructs which physical differences are important.
distinct physical characteristics with social significance.
1. college admission preferences for children of alumni.
2. requiring English to be spoken at a place of business.
are examples of institutional discrimination.
when a majority group and a minority group merge to form a new group, it is called ___.
which of the following groups of people are categorized as racial groups in the United States?
1. can be overcome with the establishment of interracial coalitions.
2. can be overcome with increasing contact between individuals from dominant and subordinate groups.
which of the following is considered subordinate, with its members having limited power or control over their lives because of identifiable physical or cultural characteristics?
1. the United States' policies toward Native Americans in the 19th century.
2. Nazi Germany's attempt to exterminate Jews during World War II.
People belong to a minority group by virtue of their birth, not their will; thus, race and ethnicity are considered ___ statuses.
people are profiled based on their race and ethnicity.
economic exploitation is the main factor in the inequality of minorities.
when sociologists define a minority group, they are primarily concerned with the level of ___ a group has in society.
name an example of racial formation in which mixed race individuals were categorized as black; even if they appeared to be white?
various groups in a society having mutual respect for one anothers cultures.
___ is one of the fastest growing segments of the population of the US?
the term "white ethnic" refers to those americans whose ancestors came from europe within the last century, including people of ________________ ancestries?
since 1964, many attempts have been made to eradicate discrimination in the US, including..
1. a supreme court ruling that federal prohibition against racial discrimination must protect members of all ethnic minorities.
many Filipino Americans send ___ back to family in the Philippines.
the largest minority group in the US is?
programs that have been instituted to overcome past discrimination are known as ___ action programs.
name racial minority groups in the US..
evidence indicates that racial profiling..
individuals described as being ethnocentric have a tendency to ..
denying people opportunities and equal rights due to prejudice or other arbitrary reasons is known as __.
characterize the population of the US?
(T/F) many new chinese immigrants work for minimal pay in sweatshops in NYC's chinatown upon arrival in the US?
If people demonstrate prejudice against jews, they are engaging in ..
chinese immigration to the US was halted when congress enacted the ___ ____ act in 1882.
which of the following are some of the advantages white people in the US have and take for granted?
which of the following are the largest ethnic groups in the US?
(T/F) most arab americans are not muslim?
__ is the belief that ones own culture and way of life is superior to all others.
native american teenagers have an attempted suicide rate that is __ times higher than the rate for other teenagers.
name groups that are among the more than 40 million hispanics in the US?
the advantages white people take for granted that minority groups do not have access to is known as __.
which of the following is the largest asian sub group in the US?
1. restrict the wages of all members by replacing dominant group members who demand higher wages with members of the minority group.
like other minority groups, Vietnamese Americans have developed ethnic enclaves primarily in __ areas.
in addition to spanish, what are some of the other languages spoken by central and south americans?
name several statements that are true regarding immigrants to the US?
(T/F) asian americans as a group have greater economic diversity compared to other minority groups in the US?
sociologists would identify the following as typical patterns of intergroup relations?
the country of origin most commonly cited among those who identify themselves as arab americans is ..
which of the following statements are true about racial and ethnic inequalities in society?
1. less qualified people get jobs and promotions because they are members of the dominant group.
which of the following are examples of the dysfunctions associated with racism?
__ minority can include any kind of people as long as they make up less than half of some larger population.
when people identify only sporadically with their heritage, rather than having deeper ties to it, they are engaging in..
an inaccurate or unreliable image that is generalized to all members of a group, without recognizing individual differences within the group, is called..
the passing of the jim crow laws in the southern states was designed to ..
an invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified employee because of gender, race, or ethnicity, is called..
which of the following best defines the process known as social construction of race?
___ exists when a dominant group physically separates a minority group by imposing distinct housing, social activities, and schools for that group.
what do we call an offense carried out by an individual who is personally biased against others because of their race, ethnicity, or nationality?
in response to threats and robberies, in the 1990s Korean-American merchants confronted members of which racial group?


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Congo confirms 1st Ebola case in city of Goma
Posted: Jul 14, 2019 / 08:37 PM UTC / Updated: Jul 15, 2019 / 11:54 AM UTC
KINSHASA, Congo (AP) — The Congolese Health Ministry is confirming Congo's first Ebola case in the city of Goma, home to more than 2 million people.
The regional capital in eastern Congo borders neighboring Rwanda, which has been preparing for possible cases since an outbreak began nearly a year ago.
The person with the confirmed case announced late Sunday is a pastor who had been in the town of Butembo.
The announcement marks a serious escalation of Congo's Ebola crisis. The outbreak that started last August already is the second deadliest in history.
More than 1,600 people in eastern Congo have died as the virus has spread in areas too dangerous for health teams to access. There is an experimental vaccine, but it hasn't been universally accepted by people in the region.
SEATTLE (AP) — The U.S. on Tuesday reported its first case of a new and potentially deadly virus circulating in China, saying a Washington state resident who returned last week from the outbreak's epicenter was hospitalized near Seattle.
The man, identified only as a Snohomish County resident is in his 30s, was in good condition and wasn't considered a threat to medical staff or the public, health officials said.
Health officials around the world are keeping a close watch on an outbreak of a new virus in China. In response, governments are stepping up surveillance of airline passengers arriving from the affected area to try to prevent the virus from spreading.
Here's what you should know about the illnesses:
by EMILY WANG, DAKE KANG and YANAN WANG, Associated Press / Jan 21, 2020
WUHAN, China (AP) — Face masks sold out and officials at airports and train stations checked passengers for fevers as China on Tuesday sought to control the outbreak of a new virus that has reached four other countries and territories and threatens to spread further during the Lunar New Year travel rush.
Anxiety grew both at home and abroad after Chinese government expert Zhong Nanshan confirmed fears on state television late Monday that the new type of coronavirus can spread from human to human.


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Aortic exclusion: A method of handling aortic insufficiency in the pediatric population needing mechanical circulatory support
Kimberly L. Gandy, Michael E. Mitchell, Andrew N Pelech, Robert A. Niebler, George Hoffman, Stuart Berger
Aortic insufficiency (AI) is generally regarded as a contraindication for mechanical circulatory support in children. In the current Berlin EXCOR trial, moderate to severe AI is an exclusion criterion. There are reports in the literature of successful mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in adult patients with significant AI via "aortic exclusion" or bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement. We report the first case of aortic exclusion in an infant with moderate to severe aortic insufficiency in need of MCS.
Aortic exclusion
Aortic insufficiency
Bridge to transplant
Bridge to transplantation
EXCOR
Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
Dive into the research topics of 'Aortic exclusion: A method of handling aortic insufficiency in the pediatric population needing mechanical circulatory support'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Berlin Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Aortic Valve Medicine & Life Sciences 80%
Contraindications Medicine & Life Sciences 80%
Child Medicine & Life Sciences 35%
Gandy, K. L., Mitchell, M. E., Pelech, A. N., Niebler, R. A., Hoffman, G., & Berger, S. (2011). Aortic exclusion: A method of handling aortic insufficiency in the pediatric population needing mechanical circulatory support. Pediatric Cardiology, 32(8), 1231-1233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-011-0069-7
Aortic exclusion : A method of handling aortic insufficiency in the pediatric population needing mechanical circulatory support. / Gandy, Kimberly L.; Mitchell, Michael E.; Pelech, Andrew N; Niebler, Robert A.; Hoffman, George; Berger, Stuart.
In: Pediatric Cardiology, Vol. 32, No. 8, 12.2011, p. 1231-1233.
Gandy, KL, Mitchell, ME, Pelech, AN, Niebler, RA, Hoffman, G & Berger, S 2011, 'Aortic exclusion: A method of handling aortic insufficiency in the pediatric population needing mechanical circulatory support', Pediatric Cardiology, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 1231-1233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-011-0069-7
Gandy KL, Mitchell ME, Pelech AN, Niebler RA, Hoffman G, Berger S. Aortic exclusion: A method of handling aortic insufficiency in the pediatric population needing mechanical circulatory support. Pediatric Cardiology. 2011 Dec;32(8):1231-1233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-011-0069-7
Gandy, Kimberly L. ; Mitchell, Michael E. ; Pelech, Andrew N ; Niebler, Robert A. ; Hoffman, George ; Berger, Stuart. / Aortic exclusion : A method of handling aortic insufficiency in the pediatric population needing mechanical circulatory support. In: Pediatric Cardiology. 2011 ; Vol. 32, No. 8. pp. 1231-1233.
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AU - Hoffman, George
AU - Berger, Stuart
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AB - Aortic insufficiency (AI) is generally regarded as a contraindication for mechanical circulatory support in children. In the current Berlin EXCOR trial, moderate to severe AI is an exclusion criterion. There are reports in the literature of successful mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in adult patients with significant AI via "aortic exclusion" or bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement. We report the first case of aortic exclusion in an infant with moderate to severe aortic insufficiency in need of MCS.
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Articles by Samantha Klingelhofer
Inside Penn sprint football and field hockey's unique tailgating tradition
For many of the teams at Penn, postgame tailgates provide a space for friends and family to congregate after a match or meet.
"Field hockey is my whole life here": Senior Laura Shelton has been a mainstay at Penn
In the 2018 season, the Schwenksville, Pa. native started 13 of the team's 17 games, playing every minute against 10 opponents.
Three Questions: How will Penn field hockey fare against top 10 competition?
With a number of Penn teams starting their respective seasons this weekend, here are three pressing questions that will be answered by next week.
Rowing on the world stage: What it's like to represent your national team on the water
Competing for one's national team is not only a badge of honor, but also the very ingredient needed to influence the next era of the program's history.
Three questions: How will Penn tennis rebound from Ivy League losses?
This weekend, Penn tennis, rowing, and golf will continue their seasons against Ivy League opponents. Here are three questions for the upcoming competitions.
Penn women's rowing notches two victories at season-opening Murphy Cup
The Quakers walked away with a pair of championships in the Varsity 8 and the Second Varsity 8.
Penn men's squash wins two of three matches, places third at CSA Team Championships
Coming off a 5-2 record in Ivy League play and placing second in the conference, Penn looked to clinch the title this weekend. The squad took home a third place finish for the best finish in Penn squash history.
Key Matchups: A crucial championship battle for men's fencing headlines list
As Penn men's and women's basketball continue Ivy League play against Brown and Yale, several other Penn Athletics teams will look to find success in competitions across the country.
What kind of competition will Penn fencing face in the Ivy League this year?
With the loss of several key seniors, the introduction of a new freshmen squad, and the departure of senior Justin Yoo for a shot at the Olympics, both Penn men's fencing and the rest of the Ivy League will look far different from last year.
Penn fencing to face stiff competition at Ohio State's Elite Invitational
This Saturday, Penn men's and women's fencing will head to Ohio State in Columbus, Ohio for its second tournament of the season: the Elite Invitational. The Quakers will face Ohio State, Penn State, Notre Dame, North Carolina, and Northwestern (women only).
Penn sprint football downed by Navy in de facto south division title game
Boasting the league's second-ranked scoring offense and defense and with only one loss to undefeated Army, Navy took away the Quakers' shot at a CSFL championship and ended their 2018 season, downing the Quakers, 20-9.
Penn field hockey escapes Dartmouth in thrilling 3-2 double overtime win
Penn's double overtime 3-2 win in Hanover marked the Quaker's fourth consecutive win against the Big Green, giving them a winning record in the Ivy League thus far.


text:
https://apnews.com/3c644a60cd04a53e138bb20cfa0a19c3
Officer sues blogger for names behind anonymous comments
HARTFORD, Conn. (AP) — A Connecticut police officer is suing a blogger for access to the names of people commenting anonymously on the blog who he believes are fellow officers.
The lawsuit filed by Hartford police Lt. Vincent Benvenuto against Kevin Brookman, author of the We The People Hartford blog, contends that department rules and regulations prohibit police officers from posting negative things about themselves or their colleagues on social media, the Hartford Courant reported Thursday.
The suit does not seek monetary damages, just the names of those posting anonymous comments.
"It's a pre-suit discovery petition to try to determine what the source is or who the sources are of disparaging and defamatory comments made against Lt. Benvenuto," said Patrick Tomasiewicz, Benvenuto's attorney. If the names are released, lawsuits against the people commenting may be filed, Tomasiewicz said.
Brookman typically writes about city issues, including topics related to the police and fire departments, that often generate dozens of comments.
Brookman doesn't allow defamatory comments to be posted, the department's regulations do not apply to him, and his blog falls under the state shield law that protects news media from being compelled to disclose information it collects, his attorney Robert Killian Jr. wrote in a response to the lawsuit.
The Hartford Courant reached out to Killian, but he declined to comment.


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text:
Q: Plotting SQL results on graph using Matplotlib I'm trying plot the results from an SQL query on a graph using Matplotlib but I keep getting the same error:
TypeError: unhashable type: 'numpy.ndarray'

I've tried hardcoding in random values which worked fine, so I believe it's something to to with the format of the SQL results. The result from the SQL query is appended to the variable x_list = [] and returns the list in the format:
[(u'Ford',), (u'Vauxhall',), (u'Volvo',)]

I then tried to convert x_list into a numpy array with the below code and converts it to the following which still generated the same error:
 x_list = np.array(x_list)
 print xlist

output:
[[u'Ford']
[u'Vauxhall']
[u'Volvo']

Does anyone know what I need to do to plot these sql results on the graph without getting this error?
EDIT:
Added how I plot for more information. I am using tkinter to display the graph in my program, tried to replicate it as best I could without all the unnecessary clutter.
def plot():
    conn = sqlite3.cursor('Cars.db')
    c = conn.cursor()
    c.execute('SELECT model from Cars')
    rs = c.fetchall()

    x_list = []

    x_list.append(rs)
    x_list = np.array(x_list)

    a.plot(x_list)
    canvas.draw()

f = Figure(figsize=(10,5), dpi=100)

canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(f, win)
canvas.draw()
canvas.get_tk_widget().grid()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Home › Features › 6mm Variants
6mm Variants
Posted on April 4, 2016 by Vivien Wu — No Comments ↓
Byron Pace gives a brief history of the two most common 6mm benchers calibres.
I had set out to explore the .220 Russian, given that it forms the parent case of many of the modern 6mm benchrest calibres. However, on putting pen to paper, I realised that for many dedicated hunters, this range of calibres falls outside those commonly found in factory rifles. Indeed, the closest most people will come to a 6mm BR, 6mm PPC or .220 Russian would be the well-loved .243 Winchester (hardly comparable to the ethos behind the world record-breaking 6mm). So I thought it may be beneficial to look at the history of the calibres falling in the 6mm benchrest class before following on in future articles to take a deeper look at possible hunting applications.
Arrival of the Russian
The .220 Russian actually began its life as the 7.62×39 Soviet, a cartridge that has been the Russians' official military medicine since the end of World War Two. This had limited use for the sporting rifleman, and found its niche mainly in the use of semi-automatic weapons (most notably the AK-47). In the late 1950s this case was necked down to form the .220 Russian, firing a 5.56mm bullet with similar ballistic properties to the .223 Remington, and found support among deer and varmint hunters alike. By 1965 it was produced by Sako, and this is where the story really starts.
Although there are few people today who still shoot the original .220 Russian, the super-accurate modern concoctions based on this case have found their way into the record books, as well as becoming a staple of modern benchrest shooting.
From AK to BR
The 6mm PPC was developed by Louis Palmisano and Ferris Pindel in 1975 – PPC standing for Pindel-Palmisano Cartridge – as a necked up version of the .22 PPC, which in turn found its parent case in the .220 Russian. The 6mm version dominates the 100-200 yard Group BR scene, and is regarded by many as the most accurate round ever invented over such distances. This is attributed to the small flash hole and primer pocket, combined with the short, fat shape of the case, conducive to efficient combustion and chamber behaviour.
The cases are easily formed directly from .220 Russian brass, which the vast majority of shooters source from Lapua. However, Sako standardised the calibre in 1985, allowing pre-formed 6mm PPC brass to be purchased. Today they have been joined by Norma, but the brass tends to be considerably softer than Lapua, and will not stand up to the repetitive reloading of 'hot loads'. Most 6 PPC competition chambered rifles will not shoot the Sako versions, as they are marginally larger than the original. On request from the 6 PPC inventors, the standardised cases carry the USA tag after the calibre headstamp, in order to distinguish the two.
This calibre soon started to find its feet among varmint shooters, and a number of 'off the shelf' manufactures such as Sako, Kimber and Cooper Firearms began chambering rifles. The most commonly used bullet weights are in the 60-70 grain region, which offer 3,200fps MV and 1,481ft/lb ME with Sako factory loads. The trajectory is listed as +1.5in at 100 yards with a 200-yard zero, following on with a 7.2in drop at 300 yards.
From 6mm PPC to 6mm BR
If the 6 PPC is king of the short ranges, then the 6 BR takes over from 300-1,000 yards in terms of accuracy. Many of the characteristics that make the 6 PPC an inherently accurate and efficient calibre are also found in the 6 BR, although it takes its parent case from the 6mm Remington Benchrest cartridge. This gives it slightly greater case capacity, and hence the extra down-range 'oomph' and accuracy beyond 300 yards. Like the 6 PPC, the 6 BR is responsible for a hoard of world records, dominating 300-600 yard competitions. It is also known as the 6mm Norma BR.
This is in no way a complete overview, but it does give a bit of background for the two most common 6mm benchrest calibres. The 6 BR has fathered calibres such as the Dasher, 6 BRX and 6 BRDX. The .220 Russian also forms the parent case for the .220 Beggs and 6mm Beggs, both of which are outstanding rounds in their own right. We also have the lesser-known 6mm X (20-degree shoulder) and 6 XC (30-degree shoulder), but I will save this very interesting calibre for another month. BP
Six – the best?
Bountiful barrels
In the Pig Pen
‹ .243 Win
April issue of Game Fair Gazette is out now! ›
Tagged with: 6mm, calibre, variants


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Parisian Parks
Fashion Freak Show by Jean Paul Gaultier
FASHION FREAK SHOW
Come and discover a brand new kind of entertainment in Paris! Between a revue and a fashion show. Just let the famous Jean-Paul Gaultier, the fashion's « enfant terrible », invite you behind the scene of his world, the story of his life! A show about joy and dreams to marvel you!
at the Théâtre des Folies Bergère. 32, rue Richer, 75009 - PARIS
"This show is the story of my life, things I have experienced, seen and loved" - Jean Paul Gaultier
In 1976, after working for famous French fashion designer like Jean Patou or Pierre Cardin, the young Jean Paul Gaultier decided to create his first collection under his own name with the help of Francis Meneuge. Two years later he presented his first collections with new partners.
In the eighties, Jean-Paul Gaultier was one of the most talked-about young fashion designers. In 1984 he launched his first menswear collection with the "Male as Object".
In 1997, his dream came true when he became one of the big names of the Haute Couture with an haute couture collection "Gaultier Paris". That same year Gaultier designed costumes for "The Fifth Element" directed by Luc Besson.
And now enjoy the brand new work of Jean Paul Gaultier with the Fashion Freak Show, an extraordinary outlandish, passionate, rude, sexy production
THE FOLIES BERGÈRE
Opened in 1869, les Folies Bergères tells the story of a Paris by night. It was the first place in France to introduce the famous Music Hall period, offering many kinds of performances like acrobats, singers, dancers, magicians or trained animals… At the beginning, the music hall was offering dance shows, plays and songs, but gradually songs and singers became the main attraction!
The Folies Bergères became a legendary place with the help of many singers, dancers, actors, painters! From Josephine Baker to Mistinguette, from Charlie Chaplin to Meurice Chevalier, or the French Impressionist painter Edouard Manet with "The Bar at the Folies-Bergères", 1981-82...
During the Fifties the enthusiasm of the music hall came to an end and it's only in 1996 that the Folies Bergères began to play modern shows like Zorro...
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ABOUT VOYAGES SERVICES PLUS
Voyages Services Plus is a French DMC (Destination Management Company) based in the heart of Paris. We decided to start this blog to inform you about the events you can findin France.
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