text:
Q: How to invoke a controller using a button in Spring-mvc? I am using Spring MVC.
I have a home page called index.jsp
 Register an Employee
<input type="button" onclick="register.htm" value="REGISTER">

When i click on a link Register an Employee , the flow comes into the handleRequest but when i click on submit button nothing happened.
My handleRequest method look like this.
@RequestMapping(value = "/register.htm", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("register");
        return mav;
    }

How i can do this?

A: try this..
<input type="button"  onclick="location.href='/register.htm'" value="Register" >

A: location.href should be avoided as it uses RequestMethod.GET instead of RequestMethod.POST. This is security vulnerability if you use GET method to submit forms.
Use the following example:
http://www.mkyong.com/spring-mvc/spring-mvc-handling-multipage-forms-with-abstractwizardformcontroller/


I am available as an expert witness worldwide. I have acted in this capacity numerous times.
1. HO SPORTS (1984) – worked for Herb O'brien designing skis and the adjustable fin and fin clamp.
2. SCHNITZ SKIS (1987-1998) – owned own ski company which built high end skis, fins and wings.
3. GOODE SKIS/GOODE TECHNOLOGY CENTER – opened and ran the GOODE TECHNOLOGY CENTER in Orlando, Florida doing research and coaching.
4. PRESENT – owns www.waterskidailynews.com, a water ski related website which features articles on safety, coaching, technology, news and waterski related products.
1. HO SPORTS – "THE ADJUSTABLE FIN AND FIN CLAMP," headed up the team that developed the HO Extreme.
4. FISHER SKIS – Worked on the design team for the Fischer Slalom water-ski. Aided in the design and testing of the ski and fin assembly.
1. "THE WING" (1979) – sold on every high end water ski in the world today and holds all the world records for the last 20 years.
2. "THE ADJUSTABLE FIN" (1983) - sold on every high end water ski in the world today and holds all the world records for the last 20 years.
3. "ANGLE GAUGES" – use to measure wing angle.
4. "CALIPER MEASURING PROCESS"- utilized for fin set-up.
2. KIDDER SKIS (1980's) – Won first national championship in 1984 on a KIDDER.
3. SCHNITZ SKIS (1987 through 1997) – won the 1987 and 1990 National Championships on his own skis and broke numerous Regional and National records.
4. GOODE SKIS (1990 – PRESENT) – still gives input to Dave Goode and tests new ideas and designs.
5. FISHER SKIS – briefly skied on them during their short foray into the water-ski market place.
Contact: Steven A. Schnitzer at 1-561-346-4933 / email sschnitz at mindspring dot com (sorry about the email but web spiders spam me).
I worked for many of the water ski manufacturers doing testing and research. I ran my own water ski manufacturing business for 10 years. I have competed in water skiing since 1977 winning the National Slalom Championships 5 times and the Senior Worlds once (the only time I competed in it). I was ranked #7 one year in Open Men's Slalom and #10 another. I am the editor of Water Ski Daily News, an online publication since 1998 which serves to educate the water ski community on water skiing technique, equipment, boats, boating, products and safety. I am a highly sought after water ski coach and have traveled around the world working with skiers and setting up their skis. I invented 2 products which are on every competition water ski in the world today. I am a highly sought after expert witness in this field with experience unmatched by anyone.
My first career was in the Auto Body business. I worked as a collision and frame technician, a painter, owned my own shop, ran dealership shops, etc for almost 18 years. As a collision repair and/or frame technician, I always had to figure out how the accident occurred so I could reverse the process. This can be very instrumental in automobile and trucking accident reconstruction. I sat across the table from insurance adjusters for many of these years.
I am a piece work photographer for WaterSki Magazine and possess some of the finest cameras and lenses available.
I have a Florida Real Estate License.
Keywords; Accidents and Safety, Aging, Appraisal, Author and Writer, Automotive, Boating, Coaching, Insurance, Motor Vehicle Accident, Occupational Safety and Health, Personal Injury, Photography, Product Design, Product Development, Product Liability, Real Estate, Ski Breakage, Ski Defects, Ski Handle Injuries, Skiing Injuries, Ski Rope Entanglement, Sports, Testing, Training, Workplace Safety.


Battered sidewalks of diesel are still better than the hospital rank stuck to my shirt collar. Its dark now but just 5:30pm and there is nothing else to do but listen to the rubber of my sneakers complain against my heel. There's few things to set the mind right, but raw brown liquor and cold sudsy beer should at least be a start. It's no wonder many seek solace in the spirits, they offer liberation of thought, deep intangible waves of synapses slowed to the gentle lap of a canoe's wake in a stream.
A shot of whiskey enters and its warmth is comforting. Today there is more to worry about than politics, more to think about than right or left, plenty of other things to occupy my wandering mind other than the most recent Facebook post of an angry Hillary supporter. There is real hurt in this world, real pain, and deep suffering that can only be understood when experienced, and can only be empathized with if you have actually been there yourself.
My life is lived like a fly on the wall, an observer, a reporter to the way things look in my eyes. Whether it is sports or culture or both I can only tell the story as I personally see it. Today we have a divided country, not by what is only seen nightly on CNN, but listed on social media, portrayed by everyday people that you and I follow. The "right" won and they seem to incessantly wave an indignant finger in the face of the "left". The "left" posts on how upset they are by the atrocities of our president elect, followed the next day by their recent outing to a professional sporting event. The smell of rotten privilege comes from both sides, a sickening sweet smell, potent and rife across the country, as unguents and oils are spread on our faces before we gas up our SUV.
Truth is, severe situations will make you think a little harder. Taking yourself out of your comfort zone will spellbind you into thinking a bit differently. I know my role and I am comfortable in it, I would jeopardize all but my own family to get where I know I want to be. I am passionate about my lot in life and although I strive to make it better, I strive first to make it mine.
If you are truly interested in changing this country, if you are interested in education, if you are currently upset with the general zeitgeist of America then I would shut off of the Facebook App and get involved. There are plenty of places and institutions to become involved with, plenty of groups that promote equality and individualism in safe environments. The key is education to those who never had the opportunity to be educated before and there are excellent programs in place for you to become involved with to help spread the word and do some good in your hometown, in your state, in your country. Whatever you are most passionate about there is a place for you. If everyone got involved a little we could all help a lot.
While the whiskey was warm the beer is cold and relaxation washes over me. I have to go back to that room, stand with my hands in my pockets and sweat and bite my nails. I know everything is going to be alright, but I'm not sure how I know. It's just inherent, like I know the sun will rise, or that I'll probably finish all the vodka at Annie's later.
It just means it's Twizzlers for dinner and solace in writing.
So What If We're All Equal?
In the last 6 months I've had more people admit their racism to me than ever before. It literally happens every week. I come into contact with a lot of people for part of my job and I never bring up any politics, race, or religion. I barely bring these things up with family. It's just something that you shouldn't talk about unless you're ready for a fight and especially when you are representing another company it should never be uttered. So I don't bring it up, but it keeps coming up and I find it very strange, irritating, and tiresome.
I am white. My last name is White. My mom is full blooded Italian but my dad is a typical American mutt with a broad array of nationalities. I look like a typical white American man. And for whatever that is worth, recently people have started to expose their racism to me. Most of them are complete strangers, or at very best people that I come into contact with only a few times a year. They're doing it in such a way as if I'm supposed to agree, as if I'm supposed to go along with it, as if I was thinking the same thing and they're just the ones that happened to say it. They're not waiting for the subject to be broached, but rather launching into soliloquies without provocation. My 'whiteness' must be a beacon for self-assuring validation.
I want to get angry. I want to lash out. I want to bring up examples and points to show that they are only being brainwashed by a giant propaganda machine that has snuck into their brain. I want to explain that racism is not a gene but learned. They learned to be a racist over time and they could unlearn. I want them to know that they are the profligates, the minority, that intelligent people don't think that way. They never did. Scared people think that way, people scared to lose money and power. They're the ones that started these lies and you've bought into that fear and it's ruining your life. I want to tell them that one of my best friends is black and I was with him when a whole family degraded him for his color, how mortifying it was for me, and how he had to let it roll off his back. No one should have to do that because of who they are. It seems to me that is an un-American thing, prosecuting someone for being themselves. Isn't that why we left England in the first place?
I don't say any of this because I have come to realize that it is too deep a part of their life. My anger is only going to add to theirs. They have physically sewn themselves to their misery and fear and walk around with it as their cross to bear. To talk about it makes them feel a little better, relieves their anguish and anxiety even if just for a little while. When other people agree with them about their fear of other colors or cultures, it rationalizes their very being. When they find an unvetted propagandist website they proudly post it on Facebook, showing the world they have company, a team of troglodytic lemmings to ban together and validate themselves as rational. But it only proves their insecurity, insecure to be white, scared that another race, color, or culture might be better than them. Why should anybody be better? Is it possible that we are all humans and equal? And, so what if we're all equal? Why is that so bad?
I don't want to give my examples of the racism that I have encountered. I don't want to put it into words because I feel like it just helps spread the hate, insecurity, and irrationalism. But without going into detail I recently saw a racist meme on Facebook. It was an unlearned suggestion that degraded black people in particular and relied heavily on an inaccurate depiction of history. It did not have many likes, but it did have some. Underneath the meme, the first commenter agreed by adding an exclamation point after his comment. But the proof of a lack of education lies in the commenter's choice of vernacular as well as their appropriation of the English language. The commenter simply wrote "Word!" meaning, as I imagine, a term of agreement with the meme. This is just a tiny example of why racists are not very cultured, intelligent, or aware.
By using the word "Word" what the commenter was trying to say is "I agree with this statement. It is true". You will often times in hip hop culture hear rappers and other artists say "word" on recordings or TV. Only "word" is not spelled the same as the Microsoft product or the things you are reading right now. "Word" is actually spelled "WERD". It was the call letters to a radio station in Atlanta owned by Jesse Blayton, the first black radio station owner in American history. He purchased the station in 1949 wanting there to be a station that could speak to the black population of the south. By the 1950's and early 1960's Mr. Blayton had become synonymous with helping spread the messages of civil rights, giving Martin Luther King Jr. and other civil rights activists air time. Jesse Blayton was a pioneer and literally the first of his time. When someone says "WERD" it is synonymous with "TRUTH" because that's what WERD in Atlanta stood for: TRUTH. So when I read some racist commenting on a racist meme and incorrectly using WERD while also referencing WERD I have to laugh out loud. You're using an empowering term incorrectly while referencing the very culture you're trying to degrade. It's simply not intelligent.
I guess I'm not surprised. I have yet to meet anyone believing in racist propaganda that seems to have much intelligence. Even those who don't think they are racist can be racist. If you have ever started a sentence with "I'm not a racist, but…" then you most certainly are a racist. Please don't excuse yourself ahead of time for the terrible thing you are about to say about another race or culture, although I certainly appreciate the warning so I can zone out while you are talking.
I feel terrible for people who can't seem to break the spell. Almost the same shame and sadness I felt when my friend was degraded in front of me, in my home town, by a whole family of racists. We are given this one life to live and there is so much that is wonderful and beautiful in the world. There are so many good people to friend and learn from, to share love with and to laugh with. But some people choose to live angry, to live in complete fear of all people of color, in fear of different cultures, petrified of strange far away religions. They have sewn themselves to misery, only living to validate their fears by being around other people who also feel the same way. They will never venture out and learn about these other cultures on their own, never be surrounded by anyone that they don't understand. They will only live this one life, petrified of everything that could be and not amazed by what actually is. They have chosen to live their life in misery and fear and will die in the same vain.
My anger is over. Some of my friends can testify to times I have almost been in fights with strangers for being racist in public. I took it as a personal attack to my very being. I'm done with all that. I thought that I was leading by example, standing up for what is right, being the moral super hero and fighting the evil forces that bring hate into the world. I realized I myself was bringing hate into the world. So instead, I'm offering my condolences to those who believe that one race is better or worse than another.
Their grip is slipping. More and more people in America are casting aside previous racial stereotypes and accepting each other for who they are. I believe I'm seeing an increase in admittance to racism as an unconscious survey, to see how many white people are still going to band together for supremacy, irrational fear, and blind hate. Count me out. I don't buy into it and just because I'm white doesn't mean you're able to bring this up, even casually, because I know you're not bringing this up in front of people of color on account of your fear. I will no longer retaliate in anger, but rather offer a sad shaking of my head and a pat on the shoulder for condolence. You have lost. And not is some battle for racial supremacy, but in life, for you have wasted yourself in anger, deteriorated yourself with lies, and will live in the shadows of the rest of us.
You never liked the sun anyway.


text:
Rihanna Debuts Denim-Inspired Shoe Line in Partnership With Manolo Blahnik
Rave News Digest: Nigerians Getting Poorer, Rihanna Accused Of Cultural Appropriation, Federer x Nadal + More
Chioma Ikokwu Shows Us How To Get The Most Out Of Designer Items
2019 BET Awards: Ciara, Nomzamo Mbatha, Burna Boy Make Our Most Rave-worthy List
Rihanna is no stranger to designing shoes. She is the women's creative director for Puma, after all. So when Manolo Blahnik tapped the singer for a limited-edition collection, the design duo embarked into cutting-edge territory. The denim-inspired range features a variety of boots (Rihanna's favorite is the sexy thigh-high style) and heels that are versatile enough to fit into anyone's wardrobe.
What truly caught our eye, however, is the embroidery on these shoes, all of which mimics Rihanna's beautiful hand tattoos. Each shoe has an intricate embellishment of sequins and beads fit for royalty, and with names like "Sea Salts" and "Rih-Vi's," it's hard to pick a favorite. Rihanna and Manolo Blahnik announced their partnership in British Vogue, where Rihanna detailed her excitement:
"The day I see a woman in the street wearing my shoes…I am sorry for that woman because I'm going to literally run after her, shouting, 'Stop! Selfie! Who are you? Where did you get them?' I'm going to have a moment."
Retailing at $895 to $3,995, the collection will debut May 5 and will be available for purchase across several cities, including New York. Scroll to pick out your favorite pair of denim Manolos and shop 'em now. Plus, get a peek at Rihanna's April Vogue shoot.
-culled from popsugar
Related Topics:denim, Manolo Blahnik, rihanna, shoe line
At Style Rave, we aim to inspire our readers by providing engaging content to not just entertain but to inform and empower you as you ASPIRE to become more stylish, live smarter and be healthier. Follow us on Instagram! @StyleRave_ ♥
More in International
The Best Street Styles From Paris Couture Fashion Week
By Jessica Agorye July 9, 2019
Per usual, as couture fashion week arrested the city of Paris, there was plenty of incredible...
Emeka Obi Named The VP, Marketing For New York Fashion Brand, Tibi
By Titi Dokubo April 12, 2019
Having worked with brands like Nike, Timberland, Reebok, Vice, Toyota, and celebrities such as T.I. and...
Beyoncé & Jay Z 'Bow Down' To Meghan Markle As They Accept Their BRIT Award
By Jessica Agorye February 20, 2019
The Carters aren't just praised because they are "The Carters," they are loved because they give out...
It's All About Serving Drama With The Emilio Pucci Pre-Fall 2019 Collection
By Jessica Agorye January 11, 2019
The Emilio Pucci fashion brand is well known for its bold patterns which take centre stage...
Mayowa Nicholas + David Obennebo Walk For Moschino As Jeremy Scott Lets His Creative Fantasy Run Wild In Rome
By Titi Dokubo January 9, 2019
Creative director of Moschino, Jeremy Scott, took the Moschino Fall / Winter 2019 Menswear and Women's Pre-collection...
The Best Beauty Looks From The 2019 Golden Globes Award
By Happiness Udo January 8, 2019
The 2019 award season just kicked off with The Golden Globes which marks the 76th Golden Globe Awards....
The Most Rave-worthy Looks At The 2019 Golden Globe Awards
By Style Rave January 7, 2019
The 76th Golden Globes Awards took place last night, January 6th, at The Beverly Hilton Hotel....
Style Guide: 5 Fashion Tips to Help You Hide Belly Fat in Plain Sight
Meet Ade Okelarin, One of the Greatest Photographers Out of Nigeria

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I love the energy and newness that comes with a new year. Did you see last weeks post about goal setting? This months posts are all going to help you stay on track with your goals and help you look and feel good in 2017.
Every year I always make it a goal to eat whole and healthy foods. Being vegan I generally eat healthy but sometimes (a lot of the time) I like to eat out and treat myself to dessert. If you live in Calgary these are the healthiest and tastiest places to eat out and not feel bad about it!
When I think of healthy food I think of Raw Eatery. Raw was created by two boss babes who have made a huge impact in the Calgary food scene. If you didn't figure it out already most things on their menu are raw. I was always scared that raw food wouldn't make me feel full but I was definitely wrong. Everything I have tried was full of flavour, I felt satisfied, and it just made me feel so good! I love that there is a place I can go out to eat healthy but is also affordable. I highly recommend taking carnivores or raw-food hesitant people or anyone really because it will seriously blow their minds. And as if you didn't need more reasons to go there, when you eat at Raw you can feel good about creating a positive impact ethically, environmentally, and health-wise on the world.
They also have some amazing Canadian-made products in the "market" part of the space. Make sure to go check them out!
Find them on Instagram, Facebook, and their website!
The Coup is hands down my favourite restaurant in Calgary. They are a fully vegetarian restaurant that uses organic and GMO-free local ingredients. Every one that I take to The Coup absolutely loves it. There is so much variety on their menu which means you will fall in love with something (or many things, like I have). They have the best drinks, all the food is whole, fresh, and has such healthy ingredients. My favourite things are the coconut chai latte, the avocado toast, and the almond satay noodle bowl. And besides having good food, the Coup offsets their waste by planting 36 trees a month, they compost, and they only use post-consumer recycled paper products. So amazing. Hope to see you there!
Find The Coup on Instagram, Facebook, or their website.
Wild and Raw is not your average juice bar. Inspired by the vibes, food, and drink from Thailand, Bali, India, and other countries in Southeast Asia, Wild and Raw has superfoods that will heal you from the inside out. I'm not joking when I say every single thing on their menu will make you feel so happy and glowy and reconnected to your food. They use the best quality organic superfoods for their amazing elixirs, juices, smoothies, and food. Pictured above are some items from the new winter menu which you have to check out ASAP before it's gone! I cannot get enough of the Caramel Apple Cider, my mouth is salivating just thinking about it. It's the perfect drink on a cold wintery day (or any day).
Find them on Instagram, Facebook, and their website.
Is there anything better than dessert that is good for you? I think not. I have a serious sweet tooth and was so excited when I found First Date Confections! These treats cut out the major food allergens and sensitivities so that everyone can enjoy them. They are created without nuts, gluten, dairy, soy, eggs, and refined sugar! They are sweetened by a piece of mejdool date in the center while the rest melts in your mouth. The creator, Tatiana, makes these healthy treats from scratch and can customize the chocolates to fit your food sensitivities or just a flavour preference! I love that they are made with antioxidants and good-for-you ingredients so I don't feel guilty when I eat them. These will be the best First Dates you ever had (get it?!).
You can find First Date Confections at The Clothing Bar in Calgary or order online here.
Don't forget to find First Date on Instagram.
WHAT'S YOUR FAVOURITE PLACE TO EAT THAT MAKES YOU FEEL GOOD? LET ME KNOW IN THE COMMENTS BELOW!


Year 6 have been studying the art, life and times of Laurence Lowry. We have looked at the timeline of his life and the major historical events that may have influenced his art. We also had a go at copying some of his pieces but ended up creating styles all of our own!


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>

	<title>Aria</title>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
	<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

				SAPUI5 Controls

 If you are developing SAPUI5 controls, you have to be aware of the accessibility aspects.
				A deeper understanding is needed, so that all accessibility requirements are met.

In the following chapters, we provide additional information for control developers on keyboard handling, screen reader support,
				high-contrast theming and other important accessibility aspects.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
<?php
/**
 * WooCommerce Gallery Preview Display Class
 *
 * Class Function into woocommerce plugin
 *
 * Table Of Contents
 *
 * wc_dynamic_gallery_preview()
 */
class WC_Gallery_Preview_Display
{

	public static function wc_dynamic_gallery_preview($request = ''){
		global $wc_dgallery_fonts_face;
		$request = $_REQUEST;
		/**
		 * Single Product Image
		 */
		global $post, $woocommerce;
		$current_db_version = get_option( 'woocommerce_db_version', null );
		check_ajax_referer( 'woo_dynamic_gallery', 'security' );
		$woo_a3_gallery_settings = $request;
		$lightbox_class = 'lightbox';

		$post->ID = rand(10,10000);

		if ( !isset( $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'width_type'] ) || $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'width_type'] == 'px' ) {
			$g_width = $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'product_gallery_width_fixed'].'px';
			$g_height = $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'product_gallery_height'];
		} else {
			$g_width = $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'product_gallery_width_responsive'].'%';
			$g_height = false;
			$max_height = 533;
			$width_of_max_height = 400;
			?>

            <?php
		}

		$caption_font = $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'caption_font'];

		$navbar_font = $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'navbar_font'];

		$google_fonts = array( $caption_font['face'], $navbar_font['face'] );
		$wc_dgallery_fonts_face->generate_google_webfonts( $google_fonts );
		?>
        <div class="images" style="width:<?php echo $g_width; ?>;margin:30px auto;">

            <?php

            $g_thumb_width = get_option( WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'thumb_width' );
			if ($g_thumb_width <= 0) $g_thumb_width = 105;
            $g_thumb_height = get_option( WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'thumb_height' );
			if ($g_thumb_height <= 0) $g_thumb_height = 75;
            $g_thumb_spacing = get_option( WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'thumb_spacing' );

			if ( isset( $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'product_gallery_auto_start'] ) )
            	$g_auto = $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'product_gallery_auto_start'];
			else
				$g_auto = 'false';
            $g_speed = $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'product_gallery_speed'];
            $g_effect = $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'product_gallery_effect'];
            $g_animation_speed = $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'product_gallery_animation_speed'];

			$bg_nav_color = $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'bg_nav_color'];

			$bg_image_wrapper = $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'bg_image_wrapper'];
			$border_image_wrapper_color = $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'border_image_wrapper_color'];

			$product_gallery_bg_des = $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'product_gallery_bg_des'];

			if ( isset( $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'product_gallery_nav'] ) )
				$product_gallery_nav = $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'product_gallery_nav'];
			else $product_gallery_nav = 'no';
			$transition_scroll_bar = $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'transition_scroll_bar'];

			if ( isset( $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'lazy_load_scroll'] ) )
				$lazy_load_scroll = $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'lazy_load_scroll'];
			else $lazy_load_scroll = 'no';

			$navbar_height = $woo_a3_gallery_settings[WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'navbar_height'];

			if($product_gallery_nav == 'yes'){
				$display_ctrl = 'display:block !important;';
				$mg = $navbar_height;
				$ldm = $navbar_height;

			}else{
				$display_ctrl = 'display:none !important;';
				$mg = '0';
				$ldm = '0';
			}

			$popup_gallery = get_option( WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'popup_gallery' );
			$zoom_label = __('ZOOM +', 'woo_dgallery');
			if ($popup_gallery == 'deactivate') {
				$lightbox_class = '';
				$zoom_label = '';
			}

			$enable_gallery_thumb = get_option( WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_PREFIX.'enable_gallery_thumb' );

			$bg_des = WC_Dynamic_Gallery_Functions::html2rgb($product_gallery_bg_des,true);
			$des_background =str_replace('#','',$product_gallery_bg_des);

            echo '';

            echo '';
            echo '
ID.'" class="ad-gallery" style="">

';

						$url_demo_img =  '/assets/js/mygallery/images/';
                        $imgs = array($url_demo_img.'image_1.jpg',$url_demo_img.'image_2.jpg',$url_demo_img.'image_3.jpg',$url_demo_img.'image_4.jpg');

                        $script_colorbox = '';
						$script_fancybox = '';
                        if ( !empty( $imgs ) ){
                            $i = 0;
                            $display = '';

                            if(is_array($imgs) && count($imgs)>0){
                                $script_colorbox .= '';
								$script_fancybox .= '</script>';
                            }
                        }else{
                            echo '
 ID.'" href="'.WOO_DYNAMIC_GALLERY_JS_URL . '/mygallery/no-image.png">
';

                        }

						if ($popup_gallery == 'deactivate') {
							$script_colorbox = '';
							$script_fancybox = '';
						} else if($popup_gallery == 'colorbox'){
                        	echo $script_colorbox;
						} else {
							echo $script_fancybox;
						}
                        echo '

';
                  ?>

	<?php
	die();
	}
}
?>


Traditional oak charisma flows with caramel hues in this elegant wood-effect flooring design.
If you're looking for a classic golden oak floor then French Oak is just right for your space. This design's warm and understated tones are coupled with a tactile surface and bevelled edges, creating the truly authentic effect of wood flooring and capturing a cosy feel. Plus, the floor's durable multi-layered construction and scratch-resistant surface ensures that it's fit to be enjoyed in even the most demanding rooms of the home.
Order a free sample of French Oak flooring to get a closer look. Or, if you'd like to see larger swatches then pop in to your local stockist where you can chat to an expert about designing your perfect floor. Find your nearest Vusta stockist here.


text:
US embassy in Iraq 'stormed' by protesters angry at air strikes on militia
Protesters angered by recent US air strikes on an Iran-backed Iraqi militia have reportedly broken into the US embassy compound in Baghdad.
US forces are said to have fired tear gas to disperse a crowd that breached the outer wall of the compound, which is in the heavily fortified Green Zone.
One of the guard towers was also apparently set alight.
At least 25 fighters died when the US bombed bases associated with Kataib Hezbollah in Iraq and Syria on Sunday.
The US said it was retaliating for a rocket attack on an Iraqi military base in Kirkuk on Friday that killed an American civilian contractor.
Iraqi Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi said the air strikes had violated his country's sovereignty and would force it to review its relations with the US.
Kataib Hezbollah's commander, Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, warned that the militia's response "would be very tough on the American forces in Iraq".
Iran described the attacks as a "clear example of terrorism".
More than 60 killed in second wave of Iraq's…
Iran Says 80 American Troops killed in missile…
President Trump threatens sanctions and warns Iran…
Nearly Hundred dead in Iraqi Anti - government protest
Three more killed as anti-government protests…
Iran threatens to shoot down more American drones
Moroccan YouTuber jailed 4 years for insulting citizens, criticizing King
Chinese scientist Jailed for 3 years for editing genes of twin babies
1 thought on "US embassy in Iraq 'stormed' by protesters angry at air strikes on militia"
Pingback: US Government unveils partial ban on flavored e-cigarettes


text:
Ward-Prowse is eyeing senior England call-up
5yPA Sport
U21 captain James Ward-Prowse determined to win senior England call
England Under-21 captain James Ward-Prowse is eyeing a senior call-up, but admits he may be forced to bide his time.
The Southampton midfielder trained with the first team at St George's Park on Tuesday to whet his appetite for more action with Gareth Southgate's side.
He is preparing for Thursday's friendly with Italy in Southampton as the Young Lions get set for Euro 2017 in Poland, but is looking for the next step in his career.
"It felt like when you were 15-years-old training with the first team for the first time, you had those butterflies and nerves,'' said Ward-Prowse, who was joined in the seniors by Under-21 teammates Nathan Redmond and Nathaniel Chalobah.
"That's the place where all England players want to play. To be in an environment with top-class players and be on the same team as Wayne Rooney in training, you don't do it every day.
"Everyone is desperate to get there, but it's a case of time and it'll happen at the right time. I have got to prove on a weekly basis I can perform for the club which merits the England call-up. It'll happen with time, but that's the end goal and I'm working hard to get there.
James Ward-Prowse is captain of the England Under-21 side. Trond Tandberg/Getty Images
"As a group we have worked hard to get to Poland. We had disappointment last time in the Czech Republic and we want to put things right.''
Southgate made Ward-Prowse full-time Under-21 captain after their Euro 2015 exit before he replaced Sam Allardyce on a caretaker basis in September.
And the 22-year-old revealed his pride at the chance to lead his country out at St Mary's, after joining Southampton as an eight-year-old.
"I've always wanted a fixture to come up here and finally it has,'' he said, with Aidy Boothroyd's side also facing France in Paris on Monday.
"I'm not in charge of tickets -- I have got enough requests to deal with! I need to get the numbers, I think I have had 17 requests so far. Usually it's only seven or eight at the most.
"It's a proud moment. It's obviously a honour to be captain, but to be captain at my home stadium, in front of my family and home fans, then it is something special.''


When the Virginia Graeme Baker Pool and Spa Safety Act (VGB Act) was signed into law in 2007, it mandated a public education program aimed at preventing both child drownings and drain entrapments in pools and spas. It is because of the efforts of the Baker family, Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Safe Kids Worldwide and many others who contributed to the passage of the VGB Act that the Pool Safely campaign exists today.
It has been six years since Pool Safely was first launched by former CPSC Chairman Inez Tenenbaum, Rep. Wasserman Schultz, Olympian Champions Janet Evans and Jason Lezak, and Nancy Baker at the International Swimming Hall of Fame in Ft Lauderdale, Fla. For six years, the campaign has focused on educating parents and families about the hidden hazards of drain entrapment and making a contribution to preventing the public health crisis of fatal child drownings.
CPSC, along with a network of nearly 1,000 partners, is always looking for new and innovative ways to share these life-saving messages. Within the past few years, the Pool Safely campaign has created new materials, launched the Pool Safely Pledge with the help of Katie Ledecky, created a mobile app for children and even worked with Laurie Berkner to create a song!
Singer-songwriter Laurie Berkner takes the Pool Safely Pledge.
The Drowning Prevention Coalition of Palm Beach County teaches students steps they need to take to stay safer in and around the water.
Today, we are excited to announce the newest way the campaign continues to deliver on the promise of education: The Pool Safely blog!
As part of the redesign of PoolSafely.gov, which was showcased in May 2016, the campaign is excited to launch the blog and leverage this new channel to connect with our partners, parents, and families. This blog will give a behind-the-scenes look at campaign events, profile our incredible partners, and provide the safety steps that we want all families to take to be safer in and around the water.
We must be relentless in our pursuit to stop child drowning from being the leading cause of unintentional death for children ages 1-4; and being the second leading cause of death to children younger than 14.
This confident young swimmer is all smiles after pledging to Pool Safely.
So, whether you are just learning about the Pool Safely campaign or you've been a long-time campaign participant, make sure that you take and share the Pledge, share our water safety steps , and continue to check back on this blog for updates on the campaign and the water safety community.


Finding great beauty in the natural world and drawing from hawk-eyed interpretations of it, rather than skimming glances, bold and calculated simplicity, are all set in colorful glory. His subjects ranging from animals to humans take center stage in his paintings where they flow in a realm of defined space and exuberant colors.
"When I look at nature, I see it in my own way. Colors and shapes are a language," he tells.
Hussein Madi, painter, sculptor and printmaker, is considered among the Arab world's foremost artists. Born in 1938 in Chebaa, Lebanon. Between 1973-1986, he lived between Rome and Beirut. In 1986 he decided to stay permanently in Beirut. His art has been viewed by thousands of people around the world at such venues as the British Museums, the Venice Biennale and Tokyo's Ueno Museum.
Hussein Madi makes use of the art of calligraphy, today consisting of symbols, which were originally pictograms. Madi tries to take these symbols back to the time when writing was half-picture, half-symbol, reconciling the real, represented by a partial image, with the symbolic, connected with the inner life of man. Between these two poles, he builds marvelous worlds, the realistic one, which binds man to the earth, and the symbolic one binding man to his conception of the world.
His paintings all have something in common. They are pieces, which are unique and baffling. As you look through the naked vision in the layers of his images the raw canvas transforms itself into a wild orchard of geometric shapes meandering in a sea of calculated vastness. His paintings are a beautiful dance with imagination, striking colors blending, mixing urgent thick and heavy strokes yet touching thinly veiled shapes. A lover of nature, his paintings are beauty in orderly disguise.


Tim Smith Plumbing & Heating Ltd - Central Heating Engineer, Plumber based in Lewes, East Sussex.
I am a local plumber, based in Lewes, but cover Brighton, Hove and the surrounding areas.
I believe in high standards of customer service and provide a trustworthy, honest and reliable service.
I work mainly in the domestic market, but I maintain a number of hotels, restaurants and businesses across the city and surrounding areas.
Please call or email me to discuss any of your plumbing and heating requirements.


On Tuesday, November 18, 2014, at approximately 10 a.m. PST, we will release an out-of-band security update to address a vulnerability in Windows. We strongly encourage customers to apply this update as soon as possible, following the directions in the security bulletin.
Ein Security-Audit hat eine Reihe kleinerer und größerer Lücken im Filesharing-Dienst gefunden.
The Matsnu botnet has deployed a new domain generation algorithm that builds domain names from a list of nouns and verbs. The plain English phrases help the DGA elude detection.
Ciscos OpenSOC, a security analytics framework, has been released to open source.
Kaspersky Lab products detected and neutralized a total of 1,325,106,041 threats in the third quarter of 2014. Our solutions blocked 696,977 attacks that attempted to launch malware capable of stealing money from online banking accounts. Were detected 74,489 new malicious mobile programs, including 7010 mobile banking Trojans.
Microsoft hat bestätigt, dass der Patch für die Krypto-Funktion von Windows auf Servern zu Problemen führt. Es soll sowohl SQL Server als auch IIS beeinträchtigen. Das Update wird aber nach wie vor verteilt.
The emulation of far branch instructions (CALL, JMP, and RETF in Intel assembly syntax, LCALL, LJMP, and LRET in AT&T assembly syntax) incompletely performs privilege checks.
MMU update operations targeting page tables are intended to be used on PV guests only. The lack of a respective check made it possible for such operations to access certain function pointers which remain NULL when the target guest is using Hardware Assisted Paging (HAP).


The FAE Hydraulic Oil Cooler and heavy duty protective housing where designed to be used when more hydraulic cooling is needed for mobile equipment. With proper fitting, the cooler can be adapted to a variety of applications.
- The electric controller starts the fans at 140 f and turns off when oil temperature reaches 120 f.


Every person on the face of the planet has a unique set of skills and abilities.
For some people, technology might be their strong point. Others may excel with their strong analytical skills.
Yet others may be noted for their superior listening skills, ability to act as a mentor or the strength of their organizational skills.
A key to being a good motivator to employees is to be able to hone in on each employee's special skill and ability and align job responsibilities accordingly.
When skillfully taking into account an employee's skills and strong points, it's easier for a superior job to be done and it also has the beneficial consequence of the involving the employee at a deeper level and increasing the level of pride and commitment he/she has in connecting with the work performed.
It's not unusual, when an employee's skills and talents are inappropriately matched to have an employee who will end up performing at substandard levels with unfortunate losses to the organization including financial loss due to high turnover, loss of customers, accidents, and more.
By nature, people perform best when doing what they like. Take an inventory of the job functions within the company and then of the strengths of the employees. Align and realign the work to be done with each employee's strengths, and remember that each employee needs an outlet of self-expression.
Aim to foster a corporate culture in which, insofar as possible, the employee is doing the job that best matches his or her abilities.
Some adjustments may need to be done with existing roles in real time, while much of this can be structured from the beginning simply by having a process in place that helps identify the right employee for the job at the interview and hiring stages.


The Construction, Forestry, Maritime and Mining and Energy Union has made application to the Fair Work Commission for alteration to Rule 38 of the registered Rules of the Construction, Forestry, Maritime and Mining and Energy Union, Construction and General Division and Construction and General Divisional Branches.
A notice in accordance with Regulation 126(1)(a) of the Fair Work (Registered Organisations) Regulations 2009, setting out the particulars of the alteration, has been lodged with the Fair Work Commission.
CFMEU SA - Building better lives for construction workers and their families.


Many a Finally Friday post has focused on the recklessness and straightforward stupidity of criminals who have advertised their offences on social media and been promptly arrested.
This week's frivolous post looks at similar foolhardy acts committed by police and prison officers who really should have known better.
We know that police now routinely use Facebook as a source for finding criminals at large. It appears that many officers regularly incriminate themselves in the same way. The results of a Freedom of Information request by the Press Association found that there had been complaints against more than 200 UK police officers for comments or photos posted on Facebook in the last four years. Two officers were sacked, seven quit and more than 150 faced disciplinary charges. This story made all the papers over the Christmas period including the Telegraph.
@DietJustice recently posted a blog with draft social media guidance for police officers and helpfully provided links to some of the more bizarre stories out there.
An Albuquerque police officer was placed on desk duty after he shot dead a criminal in the line of duty when the local television station dug up his Facebook Page on which he stated his profession as "human waste disposal". Further details from the New York Times.
Closer to home a Metropolitan Police Chief Inspector was sacked for gross misconduct for a variety of matters. He was adjudged to have used his position to advertise himself online to meet sexual partners while in uniform. The action that sealed his dismissal, though, was boasting on a dating website of committing a sexual offence and taking drugs. Yes, I did say Chief Inspector.
Probation services in the US now routinely check the Facebook pages of offenders they supervise for any criminality. It appears that the HR department at HMP Leicester might be doing the same thing. They dismissed a prison officer for associating with serving and former prisoners outside of working hours. Happily, he was so oblivious to his wrong-doing that he added several offenders as friends on his Facebook page. As a result he managed to get national coverage of his dismissal including in the Currant Bun.
We end with my favourite story about how Facebook's automatic Friend Finder service got Alan, a middle aged Washington state corrections officer, into serious trouble. Alan was delighted to find love again after his first marriage split up and happily got re-married two years later. Unfortunately, he did not bother to get a divorce first. The Friend Finder suggested to Wife#2 that she "Friend" Wife #1 since they appeared to have people in common. She accepted the request and started wondering why her new Facebook Friend has a photo of herself and Alan standing surprisingly close to a wedding cake.
Alan was subsequently charged with bigamy and suspended from his job.
Cheers for the mention Russell, great article as always, really enjoyed it!


Preclinical studies demonstrate synergism between cancer immunotherapy and local radiation, enhancing anti-tumor effects and promoting immune responses. BI1361849 (CV9202) is an active cancer immunotherapeutic comprising protamine-formulated, sequence-optimized mRNA encoding six non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-associated antigens (NY-ESO-1, MAGE-C1, MAGE-C2, survivin, 5T4, and MUC-1), intended to induce targeted immune responses.
We describe a phase Ib clinical trial evaluating treatment with BI1361849 combined with local radiation in 26 stage IV NSCLC patients with partial response (PR)/stable disease (SD) after standard first-line therapy. Patients were stratified into three strata (1: non-squamous NSCLC, no epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, PR/SD after ≥4 cycles of platinum- and pemetrexed-based treatment [n = 16]; 2: squamous NSCLC, PR/SD after ≥4 cycles of platinum-based and non-platinum compound treatment [n = 8]; 3: non-squamous NSCLC, EGFR mutation, PR/SD after ≥3 and ≤ 6 months EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment [n = 2]). Patients received intradermal BI1361849, local radiation (4 × 5 Gy), then BI1361849 until disease progression. Strata 1 and 3 also had maintenance pemetrexed or continued EGFR-TKI therapy, respectively. The primary endpoint was evaluation of safety; secondary objectives included assessment of clinical efficacy (every 6 weeks during treatment) and of immune response (on Days 1 [baseline], 19 and 61).
Study treatment was well tolerated; injection site reactions and flu-like symptoms were the most common BI1361849-related adverse events. Three patients had grade 3 BI1361849-related adverse events (fatigue, pyrexia); there was one grade 3 radiation-related event (dysphagia). In comparison to baseline, immunomonitoring revealed increased BI1361849 antigen-specific immune responses in the majority of patients (84%), whereby antigen-specific antibody levels were increased in 80% and functional T cells in 40% of patients, and involvement of multiple antigen specificities was evident in 52% of patients. One patient had a partial response in combination with pemetrexed maintenance, and 46.2% achieved stable disease as best overall response. Best overall response was SD in 57.7% for target lesions.
The results support further investigation of mRNA-based immunotherapy in NSCLC including combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Active immunotherapy targeting selected tumor associated antigens (TAAs) aims to improve outcomes by producing antigen-specific cellular and/or humoral immune responses , with the aim of controlling tumor growth and prolonging survival. However, several phase III trials using this approach in patients with early-, as well as late-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) did not reach their primary endpoint [2, 3]. To date, these immunotherapeutic approaches have mostly targeted single antigens, whereby immune escape of tumor cell populations not expressing a single target antigen may have posed a stumbling block. Insufficient immunogenicity of cancer vaccine formulations, not able to break tolerance towards tumor/self-antigens and other immune escape mechanisms, such as activation of inhibitory immune checkpoints  may have contributed to these disappointing results. The success of checkpoint blocking antibodies in the treatment of NSCLC offers a new way to overcome immune escape and holds promise to increase the efficacy of antigen-specific therapies in combination.
RNActive® is an mRNA-based vaccination approach, which uses chemically unmodified, sequence-optimized mRNA to encode TAAs for cancer treatment [5–8]. BI1361849 (CV9202) is an RNActive®-based cancer immunotherapy containing sequence-optimized mRNAs encoding different cancer antigens in free and complexed form with the cationic protein protamine; this facilitates antigen expression and activation of the immune system through interaction with toll-like receptor TLR7, TLR8, and intracellular RNA sensors, essentially conferring self-adjuvanting activity, and subsequently inducing an adaptive cellular and humoral immune response .
A previous phase I/IIa study has shown that treatment with RNActive®-derived CV9201 cancer immunotherapy in patients with NSCLC was safe and well tolerated, and immune responses against all five encoded antigens were reported . BI1361849 includes the five antigens encoded by CV9201 (cancer/testis antigen 1B [New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, NY-ESO-1], melanoma antigen family C1 [MAGE-C1] and C2 [MAGE-C2], baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 [survivin], and trophoblast glycoprotein [5T4]), together with the mucin-1 (MUC-1) antigen . MUC-1 is frequently overexpressed in NSCLC, and triggering immune responses to this antigen in other clinical trials in this indication has not raised any safety concerns [2, 11]. NY-ESO-1, MAGE-C1 and MAGE-C2 are highly tumor-specific antigens expressed in up to 30% of NSCLC samples, while survivin, 5T4 and MUC-1 are all detected at low levels in healthy tissues but expressed in more than 90% of NSCLC tumors . Based on the frequency of expression of individual antigens in NSCLC, it is estimated that 99.6% of the patient population will express at least one of the antigens encoded by BI1361849 [12, 13].
Radiotherapy can induce immunogenic cell death and stimulate tumor-specific immune responses, resulting in regression of non-irradiated lesions . However, such abscopal responses observed outside the field of radiation remain relatively rare in the clinic after radiotherapy alone. Nevertheless, the ability of radiotherapy to induce immunogenic cancer cell death and to promote recruitment and function of T cells within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, provides a rationale for combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy [15, 16]. Preclinical data provide evidence for synergy between radiotherapy and active immunotherapy [17–21], and there is also evidence of synergy in the clinical setting, including in metastatic NSCLC [22–26]. While active immunotherapy may support an abscopal effect of radiation, preclinical data suggest that the tumor response varies with the size of radiotherapy dose per fraction .
This article describes results from a phase Ib clinical trial that aimed to assess the safety and tolerability of BI1361849 mRNA-based active cancer immunotherapy combined with fractionated local radiation and different standard of care maintenance treatments in patients with stage IV NSCLC.
Details of the study design, which have been published previously , are summarized below.
This was an exploratory, open-label, multicenter, phase Ib study of mRNA-based active cancer immunotherapy BI1361849 (CV9202) and local radiation as consolidation and maintenance treatment in patients with stage IV NSCLC and a response or stable disease (SD) after first-line chemotherapy or therapy with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) erlotinib or gefitinib (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01915524).
The study was performed according to Good Clinical Practice and in line with the Declaration of Helsinki and local regulations.
Eligible patients were ≥ 18 years old with histologically or cytologically confirmed stage IV NSCLC and, for those with non-squamous cell histology, a confirmed EGFR mutation status. All patients should have achieved a partial response (PR) or SD according to Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 after receiving first-line therapy. Patients had to have at least one tumor lesion eligible for radiation, and at least one additional measurable tumor lesion according to RECIST version 1.1 (see further details in Additional file 1: Supplementary methods). Patients also had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 to 1, and adequate organ function.
Exclusion criteria (considered in more detail in Sebastian et al. 2014 ) included previous active immunotherapy for NSCLC (including immunotherapy with anti-CTLA4 antibodies) and an estimated life expectancy of ≤3 months.
Patients were enrolled into one of three study arms (stratum 1, 2, or 3) based on their molecular and histological subtype of NSCLC (Fig. 1a and b). Stratum 1 involved patients with non-squamous NSCLC without activating EGFR mutations, who had PR or SD after at least four cycles of platinum- and pemetrexed-based treatment, and had an indication for maintenance therapy with pemetrexed. Stratum 2 contained patients with squamous NSCLC, who had PR or SD after at least four cycles of platinum-based and non-platinum compound treatment. Stratum 3 comprised patients with non-squamous NSCLC and an activating EGFR mutation, who had PR or SD after at least 3, and up to 6 months of EGFR-TKI treatment.
Patients started screening 2 weeks after their last cycle of first-line chemotherapy (in strata 1 and 2) or within 6 months of starting EGFR-TKI therapy (stratum 3). BI1361849 was administered on study days 1 and 8, followed by radiation therapy on days 9–12 (Fig. 1a). Patients in strata 1 and 3 subsequently received three further treatments with BI1361849, on days 15, 36, and 57, whereas those in stratum 2 received four, on days 15, 29, 43, and 57, after which patients in all three strata were treated with BI1361849 at 3-week intervals for the first 6 months, then every 6 weeks thereafter. Treatment with BI1361849 was continued until disease progression requiring the start of systemic second-line treatment or patients experiencing unacceptable toxicity.
Preclinical data support a vaccination schedule comprising frequent and continued vaccination with an interval of 1 week in the priming phase in combination with a fragmented radiation regimen. The synergistic anti-tumor effect of immunotherapies with radiotherapy has been shown in different preclinical models [17, 18, 20, 21, 28]. Importantly, complete primary tumor regression as well as abscopal effects were only observed in a mouse breast cancer model when radiation was given as a fractionated regimen together with anti-CTLA4 but not when the antibody was given either alone or in combination with single-dose radiotherapy .
The vaccination regimen employed in this study is in line with a vaccination regimen used in a trial with CV9201, a precursor mRNA-based lung cancer vaccine . Since expected progression free survival (PFS) was shorter in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (stratum 2) and no concomitant maintenance treatment was administered, a slightly more intense vaccination schedule was applied in this stratum. This more intense schedule is also supported by preclinical data, suggesting that more frequent administrations may enhance the generation of antigen-specific immune responses (unpublished observations). Pre-clinical studies, however, only provide an indication of vaccination efficacy and clinical studies are required to determine the most efficacious treatment regimen for patients.
The recommended dose of BI1361849 was based on the recommended dose per individual mRNA as determined in a phase I/IIa trial of CV9201, a precursor mRNA vaccine (NCT00923312, ). At each BI1361849 administration time point, patients received 320 μg mRNA per antigen resulting in a total dose of 1920 μg mRNA. The six components (one per encoded antigen) were administered separately, with patients receiving 2 × 200 μL intradermal injections per component. The 12 injections were distributed across four lymph node targeting areas, i.e. three injections in each of the right and left upper inner arm, as well as in the right and left inner thigh. In addition, patients in stratum 1 received pemetrexed maintenance therapy every 21 days, while erlotinib/gefitinib continuation was available for those in stratum 3.
Radiation therapy was delivered to a dose of 20 Gy over four consecutive days with a daily fraction of 5 Gy. The administration of 4 × 5 Gy represents a well-established palliative radiation regimen that can be applied to pulmonary lesions, bone and soft tissue lesions with low toxicity . Radiation target definitions are described in Additional file 1.
The primary endpoint was the number of patients who experienced BI1361849- and/or radiation-related adverse events (AEs) of ≥ grade 3 according to National Cancer Institute–Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE), version 4.0. The pre-defined margin for acceptable safety and tolerability for this endpoint was ≤30% of patients. Secondary safety endpoint evaluation included consideration of other treatment-emergent AEs (TEAEs), as well as clinical and laboratory assessments.
Other secondary endpoints involved assessment of immune responses (as defined in the section below) — consideration of cellular and humoral immune responses to the antigens encoded by the six BI1361849 mRNA components, as well as humoral immune responses to a panel of antigens not covered by the immunotherapeutic (for assessment of 'broadening of the humoral immune response').
Secondary efficacy endpoints were tumor response according to RECIST version 1.1 , time to start of, and response to, second-line cancer treatment, PFS, and overall survival (OS) from time of first BI1361849 administration.
Safety assessments included monitoring of AEs and hematological and biochemical tests. They are described in detail together with immune response analysis and efficacy assessment in Additional file 1. Based on the prediction that 99.6% of the patient population will express at least one of the antigens encoded by BI1361849, individual patient tumors were not assessed for antigen expression.
Antigen-specific T cells were assessed by ICS measuring interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, and CD107a translocation by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were thawed and stimulated ex vivo with overlapping 15-mer peptide libraries each covering the full open reading frame of the six BI1361849-encoded antigens (JPT Peptide Technologies GmbH, Germany) including literature-selected short class-I peptides (Additional file 2: Table S1). Short-term cell culture was performed for 6 h in the presence of anti-CD28 (CD28.2), anti-CD49d (L25), phycoerythrin (PE) anti-CD107a (H4A3) antibodies (BD Biosciences, Germany) and GolgiPlug/GolgiStop (BD Biosciences). Cells stimulated with culture medium X-Vivo 15 (Lonza, Switzerland) and dimethyl sulfoxide (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Germany) served as background controls. In addition, each experimental run included a positive control consisting of PBMCs stimulated with a peptide mix including epitopes from cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and flu virus (CEF; JPT Peptide Technologies GmbH, Germany) and Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Germany). Stimulated PBMCs were incubated with Fc-receptor block (Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Germany) and labeled with LIVE/DEAD® Fixable Aqua Dead Cell Stain Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) and Brilliant Violet650 anti-CD8 (RPA-T8), APC-H7 anti-CD3 (SK7), PE-Cy7 anti-CD4 (MP4-25D2), AlexaFluor700 anti-CD14 (M5E2), or AlexaFluor700 anti-CD19 (HIB19) (BD Biosciences). Cells were fixed and permeabilized using Cytofix/Cytoperm (BD Biosciences) and ICS was performed for the activation marker CD69 (Brilliant Violet605 anti-CD69, clone FN50, BioLegend, Germany) and cytokines using fluorescein isothiocyanate anti-IFN-γ (B27) (BD Biosciences), PerCP-Cy5.5 anti-TNF-α (Mab11), or Brilliant Violet 421 anti-IL-2 (MQ1-17H12) (BioLegend) antibodies.
Immune response analysis included determination of cellular immune responses ex vivo by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assay and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS). Antigen-specific antibodies were assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seromic profiling, using the Serametrix NSCLC-specific antigen microarray, was performed to investigate broadening of humoral immunity. Efficacy was assessed by radiological tumor assessments.
Criteria to identify cellular and humoral immune responses included an at least two-fold increase of either functional T cells or antibody levels over background in addition to empirically determined minimum thresholds (e.g. percentages of functional T cells > 0.1% or at least 10 events in the functional gate). Depending on the specific assay, in the absence of official guidance or recommendations, further empirical rules for definitions were applied, in addition to the aforementioned increases, as described in Additional file 1. In addition, the frequencies of patients were determined with cellular or humoral immune response magnitudes at least two-fold higher compared to baseline (day 1).
A formal sample size calculation was not applicable — a planned sample size of 36 patients was chosen, based on previous observations with predecessor vaccines of BI1361849, whereby a minimum of eight patients per stratum was considered necessary to evaluate the frequency of immune responses.
The safety and efficacy evaluations were performed on all patients who received at least one dose of study medication (safety analysis set [SAF]).
Assessments of immune responses were performed on patients in the SAF who received at least three administrations of BI1361849 and 4 × 5 Gy radiotherapy according to the protocol, had at least one post-vaccine immune sample collected, and did not receive relevant immunosuppressive concomitant medication (i.e. evaluable population). The evaluable population included 25 patients overall.
SAS, GraphPad Prism 6 and Microsoft Excel 2010 were used for statistical data analysis.
Survival data was estimated from the time of treatment initiation using Kaplan-Meier methodology.
The study was conducted at 13 centers in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, and enrolled 32 patients; six patients failed screening (see Additional file 3: Table S2) and 26 were assigned to the different strata (Fig. 1b). The first patient was recruited in April 2013; the last patient completed the study in July 2016.
The recruitment goal of eight patients to stratum 3 could not be achieved within a reasonable time frame and recruitment was stopped prematurely, with only two patients enrolled in this stratum. This was because only few patients had eligible lesions for radiation after initial therapy with EGFR-TKIs (erlotinib and gefitinib).
Patients' baseline characteristics, reflecting those of a stage IV NSCLC population, are shown in Table 1.
The mean number of successful BI1361849 administrations, defined as successful administration of at least 10 of the 12 injections per treatment, was 8.4 (range 2–25). The median duration of BI1361849 treatment was 81 days (range 8–806 days). All patients received a radiation dose of 20 Gy in four fractions of 5 Gy per protocol. Further details of treatment exposure are given in Additional file 4: Table S3.
For the primary study endpoint, BI1361849- and/or radiation- related AEs of ≥grade 3 were reported in four (15.4%) of the 26 patients, overall: two patients (12.5%) in stratum 1 (one event each of dysphagia and fatigue), one patient (12.5%) in stratum 2 (fatigue), and one patient (50.0%) in stratum 3 (pyrexia) had grade 3 events. For strata 1 and 2, these frequencies were below the pre-defined margin of ≤30% of patients; the small sample size of stratum 3 (n = 2) did not allow determination of meaningful percentages in this group. Three of the four events (fatigue [two events] and pyrexia) were related to administration of BI1361849, while one (dysphagia) was related to study radiation. There were no serious TEAEs related to BI1361849 and no TEAEs leading to death. No immune-related TEAES were reported.
Table 2 provides an overview of the TEAEs. The most frequently reported TEAEs were injection-site reactions, transient flu-like symptoms or, for stratum 1 only, AEs typically associated with pemetrexed therapy; no immune-related TEAEs were reported. Common TEAEs (occurring in ≥10% of patients overall) are summarized in Additional file 5: Table S4.
Clinically relevant changes in autoimmunity parameters were not reported.
According to the mechanism of action of BI1361849 as an active cancer immunotherapy, pre-existing and post-vaccine immune responses were measured ex vivo without prior expansion by in vitro stimulation. Representative IFN-γ ELISpot results for a patient reacting to the antigen 5T4 are shown in Additional file 6: Figure S1a). Antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were analyzed by ICS (Representative CD8+ analysis in Additional file 6: Figure S1b, c).
Twenty-five patients were evaluable for immunomonitoring, of whom 84.0% (21/25) fulfilled the criteria of exhibiting an at least two-fold increase in immune response magnitude compared to baseline against one or more of the BI1361849 antigens (Fig. 2a). In detail, a total of 10/25 (40%) evaluable patients fulfilled the pre-specified criteria of at least two-fold increased magnitudes of functional CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells determined by ICS or ELISpot and 20/25 (80%) met the criteria of a two-fold increased antigen-specific IgM and/or IgG level compared to baseline on at least one post-vaccine time point (Fig. 2a). Patients with at least two-fold increased immune response magnitudes have been detected in all three strata (see Additional file 7: Table S5). Immune responses directed against each of the six antigens encoded by BI1361849 were detected (Fig. 2b), while 52% of patients (13/25) reacted against multiple antigens (Fig. 2c).
We defined functionality of T cells as their ability to induce antigen-specific immune responses if the magnitude of their response exceeded the background control (PBMCs that have received only cell-culture medium) by at least two-fold. Additional exploratory post-hoc analysis of such immune responses showed that the frequencies of functional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following BI1361849 immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy increased over time (Fig. 3a). Detectable increases of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to BI1361849 antigens post-vaccine were mostly driven by CD4+ T cells (Fig. 3a, left-hand panel). The magnitude of the responses to individual antigens detected post-vaccination varied among patients (Fig. 3b and c) with most responses detected by ICS but not ELISpot. In one patient corresponding CD4 and CD8 T cell responses against the same antigen were observed by ICS (patient 6, MAGE-C2). The majority of the T cell responses detected by ICS were mono-functional.
We hypothesized that the combination of radiotherapy with active tumor immunotherapeutic BI136184 can initiate an antigen cascade to broaden the anti-tumor immune response . To address this question, we profiled the antibody repertoire against NSCLC antigens using an antibody array containing 32 known NSCLC TAAs. Broadening of the antibody repertoire against antigens not covered by BI1361849 was observed in 50.0% of all evaluable patients (12/24; any post-vaccine time point; Additional file 8: Figure S2) and in eight of the 14 analyzable pemetrexed treated patients (57.1%) in stratum 1. Some patients had already high numbers of pre-existing antibodies against TAAs. In most cases, such repertoires did not increase during treatment, but were generally maintained.
Of the 26 patients in the safety set (SAF) evaluated for efficacy, overall, 46.2% (12/26) demonstrated SD as the best confirmed overall response (Table 3). One patient achieved a confirmed PR with decreasing measurable tumor size up to the last follow-up visit. This patient received concomitant pemetrexed (stratum 1) and had already shown a PR to the previous chemotherapy. Another patient (also from stratum 1) exhibited decreasing target lesion sizes not formally qualifying as a PR. Shrinkage of non-irradiated lesions > 15% occurred in six patients, five in stratum 1, and one in stratum 2. Figure 4a shows the percentage change in target lesion sizes (sum of longest diameters) by stratum. Best overall response according to lesion type (target/non-target) is shown in Additional file 9: Table S6.
Second-line cancer treatment was received by 73.1% of patients overall (n = 19). The median times to the initiation of second line therapy were 14.4 weeks (range 7–46) in stratum 1, 15.6 weeks (range 7–30) in stratum 2, and 62.6 weeks (range 8–117) in stratum 3. Most patients responded to the second-line cancer treatment with SD or PD (31.6% [6/19] and 36.8% (7/19], respectively]. One patient, treated with crizotinib and trastuzumab emtansine, achieved a PR. Five patients were not evaluable.
Information for the individual patients by stratum is provided in Fig. 4b, which shows a swimmer plot, illustrating PFS time and OS time, in addition to response kinetics. Overall, median PFS was 2.87 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43–4.27) (Additional file 10: Figure S3a). Overall, the median OS time from first BI1361849 treatment was 13.95 months (95% CI 8.93–20.87; Additional file 10: Figure S3b).
To our knowledge, this study is among the first to combine mRNA-based immunotherapy with fractionated local radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer . In our study, BI1361849 (CV9202) a cancer immunotherapy based on sequence-optimized mRNA formulated with protamine was combined with fractionated local radiation treatment in patients with stage IV NSCLC and appeared safe and well tolerated with or without maintenance pemetrexed; only four patients experienced a grade 3 BI1361849- and/or radiation-related AE and there was no evidence of autoimmune events. Based on only two patients enrolled in the stratum with EGFR-TKIs, no definitive conclusion on safety of this combination is possible, but there was no overt evidence of increased toxicity.
As we did not observe occurrence of radiation pneumonitis in our study, testing of BI1361849 in combination with fractionated radiotherapy and pemetrexed therapy in further trials is supported.
The immunomonitoring results appear comparable to those observed previously with the protamine formulated precursor vaccine CV9201 alone without radiation in a phase IIa study in patients with NSCLC where antigen-specific immune reactions against at least one antigen were detected in 63% of evaluable patients . However, differences in study methodologies, e.g. sample time points, and the overall small sample sizes limit the comparability between the trial results.
About half of the patients had increases in T cell or antibody magnitudes against multiple antigens post treatment. In addition, a broadening of the antibody repertoire against tumor antigens not covered by BI1361849 was observed after treatment in a subgroup of patients which could be an effect of the radiation, BI1361849 and/or other concomitant cancer treatments resulting in immunogenic cell death of cancer cells. Other studies have shown improved outcomes for cancer patients who respond to multiple TAAs [33–35]. Although these results do not prove causality, it is conceivable that induction of immune responses against multiple TAAs might be of therapeutic benefit.
We observed that the frequency of patients with increased antigen-specific T cells to the individual antigens, in particular CD8+ T cells, was rather low. For four of the antigens (NY-ESO-1, 5T4, MAGE-C1, MAGE-C2) fewer than 10% of the treated patients displayed an increase in antigen-specific T cells over baseline. A putative explanation for the low frequencies of tumor antigen-specific T cell responses could be that all of our cellular immune assays were performed ex vivo. Whereas ex vivo assays predominantly assess the functionality of effector T cells, other vaccine antigen-specific T cell subsets including memory T cells may remain undetected [36, 37]. Evidence suggests that central memory T cells which differentiate into effector T cells during the culture period can be detected after prolonged in vitro re-stimulation, whereas circulating effector memory T cells are quantified by ex vivo immune assays. It can be argued that in vitro re-stimulation increases the sensitivity of the assay by increasing the detection of low frequency antigen-specific T-cell responses but there have been reports of inducing de novo priming of naïve T cells during the cell culture. Due to the limited amount of PBMCs available repetition of T cell assays after in vitro stimulation was not possible.
Increases in tumor antigen-specific T cells and antibodies were detected in all three strata suggesting that the different concomitant treatments may not confound this active cancer immunotherapeutic strategy. Elevated antibody responses against cell surface antigens may contribute to antitumor efficacy e.g. through antibody- or complement-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC, CDC). Radiation may impact the expression of antigens targeted by tumor-specific antibodies  and could further enhance the ADCC response in this clinical scenario.
Whereas a putative lack of sensitivity of our ex vivo cellular immune assays could represent a partial explanation for the overall rather low frequency of CD4 and particular CD8 responses, the following factors are probably more relevant and will be addressed in future trials with BI1361849.
Firstly, self-tolerance to the encoded endogenous antigens as well as the presence of immune-suppressive cell populations including myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells, or anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages may counteract the induction of high frequencies of functional T cells. It may be interesting to see if a higher immunogenicity can be achieved in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, in particular anti-CTLA4 or anti-PD1/-PD-L1 antibodies, to help break the tolerance against endogenous antigens, e.g. by enhancing effector T cell function and inhibition of regulatory T cells . Also, it may be useful to investigate whether RNActive® immunotherapies encoding patient-specific lung cancer or shared neoantigens might result in higher frequencies of antigen-specific CD8 T cells as suggested by recent studies [40, 41].
Secondly, a critical factor to consider for future trials with protamine-based mRNA immunotherapies is the mode of administration as shown by recent data. A first-in-human trial of a protamine-formulated mRNA-based rabies vaccine showed that needle-syringe injection of this vaccine failed to induce protective virus-neutralizing antibody titers. However, intradermal injection using a needle-free injection device induced antibody titers above the World Health Organization defined protective threshold in 71% of subjects. The serological protection correlated with the induction of multi-functional rabies-specific CD4+ T cells assessed with the same ex vivo ICS methodology as described here . Preclinical data showed that needle-free jet injection increases the expression of the mRNA encoded antigens in the skin and improves immunogenicity of protamine formulated mRNA vaccines (CureVac AG, unpublished observations).
Based on these findings, BI1361849 is being investigated in an ongoing phase I/II trial in combination with the anti PD-L1 antibody durvalumab, and the anti CTLA4 antibody tremelimumab and a needle-free injection device is being used for the intradermal injection.
While the design of our phase I trial does not allow us to draw conclusions on the therapeutic benefit of the combination, shrinkage of non-irradiated lesions and prolonged disease stabilization was observed in a subset of patients, mainly in combination with pemetrexed. Two patients on pemetrexed maintenance therapy remained progression free for a period of 21 and 27 months each, and one patient in stratum 3 (EGFR-TKI therapy) in whom a new lesion was detected on follow-up imaging after 14 months of treatment continued BI1361849 for more than 1 year beyond RECIST-defined disease progression. One of the eight patients in stratum 2 who did not receive concomitant maintenance therapy experienced a decrease in target lesion size, but none experienced an objective response.
A limitation of our analysis is the lack of a control group (either radiation, BI1361849, or chemotherapy/EGFR-targeted agent alone), and it is not possible to conclude whether the detected increases in T cells and antibodies observed were solely due to BI361849, radiation or the combination of both. Furthermore, only two patients were recruited to the EGFR-TKI stratum, as most screened patients had no eligible lesions for radiotherapy due to the high response rate to initial therapy.
mRNA-based active cancer immunotherapies, as used in the current study, can be designed to encode for a variety of endogenous cancer antigens from different cancer types. This will help to maximize the chance that an individual patient's tumor expresses these antigens, and patients with different antigen expression patterns may thus derive benefit from the therapy. The value of targeting neoantigens for cancer immunotherapy has been extensively considered [43–46]. Recently, two studies investigating neoantigen vaccines demonstrated immunogenicity and reported encouraging clinical safety and efficacy data in patients with stage III/IV melanoma in phase I studies [40, 41]. These initial data provide a rationale for testing of neoantigens for active cancer therapy, whereby the combination with radiotherapy and novel therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors may further improve the outcomes for cancer patients. Additional research is required to determine how radiotherapy and immunotherapy can be most effectively combined, considering, for instance, optimal fractionation, dose, and the sequencing of radiotherapy and immunotherapy.
In conclusion, BI1361849 (CV9202) combined with local radiation treatment with or without pemetrexed was well tolerated and antigen-specific immune responses were detected. Available evidence supports further investigation of BI1361849 (CV9202) using needle-free administration technique and combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Alexandros Papachristofilou and Madeleine M. Hipp contributed equally to this work.
The authors thank all patients, staff, and investigators of the participating hospitals. We thank the team from Serametrix Ltd., UK for performing lung cancer antigen microarray analysis and ELISA, Sanja Holz, Kerstin Sahlmann, Kathrin Hoch, Helen Dietrich, Simone Eppler, Matthias Scholl for sample logistics, providing support for technical aspects of the study, sample preparation, and immunomonitoring. We thank Dr. Eike Niehaus for clinical project management of the trial. We also thank Jamie Ashman and Andy Lockley of Prism Ideas for editorial support in the preparation of this manuscript, and Dr. Michael Merger, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, and Prof. Dr. Daniel Speiser, University of Lausanne for their review and contribution to the manuscript.
This study, and editorial support for the preparation of this manuscript, were sponsored by CureVac and co-funded by Boehringer Ingelheim. BI1361849 is being developed by CureVac and Boehringer Ingelheim.
The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available because this is a phase I study of an experimental compound in early development. Data remains confidential.
AZ, AP, UG-V, MS, and CW designed the study and wrote the study protocol. AP, MF, MS, CW, MP, RC, WH, GP, TW, JA, HB, MG, FG, and AZ treated patients and performed the clinical data acquisition. AS and UK performed medical monitoring supervision of the trial and analysis of the clinical data. SDK, BS, and MFM planned the immunomonitoring sampling time points and assays. MMH, FD, HSH, AM, TS and SDK analyzed and interpreted the immune assay data. AZ, AP, UG-V, UK, AS, MMH, SDK, HSH, AM, TS, CS and BS contributed to overall data interpretation and writing of the manuscript. All authors critically reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This study was approved by local ethics committees. The names and reference numbers are provided in Additional file 11: Table S7.
All patients provided written informed consent before receiving any study-related procedures.
AP declares non-financial support from CureVac during the conduct of the study. MS declares personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, MSD, Lilly, Pfizer, Astra Zeneca, Roche, Celgen, and Novartis and non-financial support from Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, and Novartis outside the submitted work. MP declares personal fees from Astra Zeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche outside the submitted work. FG declares grants and personal fees from Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer, Lilly, BMS, MSD, Novartis, Celgene, and Roche and personal fees from Ariad, Takeda, and Chugai outside the submitted work. AZ declares study fees from CureVac during the conduct of the study and research funding from BeyondSprings, Secarna, and Roche outside the submitted work. UK, MFM, BS, CS, AM, TS, FD and UG-V are employees of CureVac. AS, MMH, HSH and SDK were employees of CureVac during the conduct of this study. K-JK was a consultant to CureVac until 2015 and was an employee at CureVac until 2012. K-JK, MFM and UG-V jointly hold patent WO/2015/024666. MF, CW, RC, WH, GP, TW, JA, HB, and MG have no conflicts of interest to declare.


I get the 'should I become a vegetarian or try out a meat-free diet?' question a lot. It can be challenging, but very possible, to get all of the nutrients your body needs without meat. Variety is essential, so a meat-free diet does not mean living on peanut butter and jelly, cheese pizza, and vegan hot dogs.
Even if you choose to eat meat, but want to include more plant-based foods in your eating plan, you will reap the benefits of eating more nutrient-packed vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, and whole grains.
Research shows that vegetarians have lower risks of lifestyle-associated diseases, such as certain types of cancer, specifically, colon cancer, heart disease, and diabetes, due to their higher intake of fiber, healthy fats, and anti-oxidant rich fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Preliminary research also shows an association between plant-based diets and lower risk of dementia and Alzheimer Disease. Additionally, some people just feel better without meat, or very small amounts of it, experiencing improved digestion and energy levels, as well as, decreased pain and asthmatic symptoms.
Being vegetarian doesn't automatically make you healthier than meat eaters though. It's easy to be a very unhealthy vegetarian relying on an unbalanced diet that is high in refined carbohydrates, high-fat dairy, and processed imitation meat rather than the optimal vegetarian diet composed of legumes, nuts and seeds, lots of vegetables, fruit, and true whole grains. Plenty of junk foods can fit the definition of vegetarian: mac 'n cheese, French fries, and even ice cream!
Protein is one of the most common nutrients that is more challenging to get adequate amounts of for vegetarians and vegans. Specifically, getting the full spectrum of amino acids (AAs).
There are a variety of good plant protein sources. However, getting complete proteins that contain all of the 20 amino acids your body needs is more challenging. There are two types of amino acids: essential and non-essential. Our bodies produce the eleven non-essential AAs, but we have to get the remaining nine essential AAs through our diet. Meat, chicken, and fish have all 20 amino acids.
Vegetarians must eat complementary proteins, which are two types of food that, when combined, contain all 20 amino acids. A few examples of complementary proteins are rice and beans, peanut butter and whole grain bread, or lentils and quinoa. Most legumes, when paired with grains, make a complete protein. Complementary proteins do not have to be eaten at the same meal, as previously thought, in order to reap the benefits of the AAs.
By including at least one of the above protein-rich foods at each meal, you'll fuel your body with the protein it needs and get the added benefit of increasing fiber, healthy fats, and phytonutrients.