text:
Difference between revisions of "The Marvel Super Heroes (partially found live-action segments from WNAC-TV in Boston; 1966)"
Ryanskip (talk | contribs)
==External Link==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Marvel_Super_Heroes Wikipedia article on the ''Marvel Super Heroes''.] Retrieved 03 Nov '15
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Marvel_Super_Heroes Wikipedia article on ''The Marvel Super Heroes''.] Retrieved 03 Nov '15
==Reference==
Screenshot showing Arthur Pierce as Captain America.
The Marvel Super Heroes was a syndicated animated series aired in 1966 based on five Marvel Comics characters. Each day of the week, a different hero would be featured in an episode: Captain America on Monday, Hulk on Tuesday, Iron Man on Wednesday, Thor on Thursday, and Prince Namor the Sub-Mariner on Friday. The series was produced in very limited animation that basically consisted of comic panels photocopied onto cels with added movement to certain body parts.
When the series was airing on WNAC-TV in Boston, Massachusetts, actor Arthur Pierce dressed up as Captain America and hosted live-action segments between animated segments. Other characters, such as Doctor Doom, Hulk, and Bucky also appeared in some of these live-action segments. Currently, all that is known to have survived to the present day of these segments is a low-quality fragment of a speech by Arthur Pierce as Captain America. It was recorded using a silent, black & white Super 8mm motion picture camera aimed at the television screen and a reel-to-reel tape recorder placed near the TV's speaker. These materials were later synced and uploaded to YouTube.[1]
Fragment featuring Arthur Pierce as Captain America.
Wikipedia article on The Marvel Super Heroes. Retrieved 03 Nov '15
↑ Captain America's speech on the show via YouTube. Retrieved 03 Nov '15
Retrieved from "https://lostmediawiki.com/index.php?title=The_Marvel_Super_Heroes_(partially_found_live-action_segments_from_WNAC-TV_in_Boston;_1966)&oldid=97959"


text:
Malcolm Gets
Professor of Practice in Acting
School of Theatre + Dance/Theatre and Film
Malcolm Gets is a graduate of the University of Florida (1987) and the Yale School of Drama (1992). He has been nominated for the Tony Award and the Drama Desk Award, and is the winner of the Obie Award and Actor's Equity St. Clair Bayfield Award for Outstanding Classical Performance. He has appeared extensively on Stage, Film and Television. He has appeared on Broadway in Amour (Tony and Drama Desk nominations, Best Actor in a Musical), Macbeth (Lincoln Center Theater), The Story of My Life (Booth Theater), and The Moliere Comedies (Roundabout). Off-Broadway credits include Steve (The New Group, Cynthia Nixon, director), Allegro (Classic Stage Company), Boys and Girls (Playwrights Horizons), A New Brain, Hello, Again (both for Lincoln Center Theater), The Two Gentlemen of Verona (New York Shakespeare Festival, Obie and St. Clair Bayfield Awards), Merrily We Roll Along (Drama Desk nomination and Obie Award), Vigil, (DR2) and Polish Joke (Manhattan Theater Club). He has also appeared at City Center's Encores! Series in Irma La Douce, The Apple Tree (opposite Kristin Chenoweth), and The Boys From Syracuse. He has worked at many of the Country's leading Regional Theaters, including Yale Rep, Hartford Stage, The Kennedy Center, Pittsbugh Civic Light Opera, The PaperMill Playouse, Westport Country Playhouse, the Goodspeed Opera House, Cincinnati Playhouse in the Park, and Gainesville's Hippodrome Theater, among others. He has appeared on television in Caroline in the City (People's Choice Award, Favorite New TV Comedy), Blue Bloods, The Good Wife, Suits, Law and Order, Remember WENN, Confirmation, Grey Gardens (both for HBO) and Godless (Netflix). He can be seen on the new installment of Tales of the City on Netflix. Films include Miles, Emily and Tim, Adam and Steve, Love in the Time of Money, Thirteen Conversations About One Thing, and Sex and the City (the movie). He has sung at concert halls and clubs across the country, from 54 Below in NY to the Hollywood Bowl. He made his Carnegie Hall debut opposite Barbara Cook in her Mostly Sondheim concert, which was recorded live. He can be heard on many Original Cast recordings, as well as his first solo recording, The Journey Home, which has just been rereleased and is available on Itunes. He has previously served as an Adjunct Professor at NYU Tisch Graduate Acting.
mgets@arts.ufl.edu
School of Theatre and Dance, 231 McGuire Pavilion
Room #

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
layout: base
---

  {% include aside.html %}

{{ page.title }}

      {{ content }}

      {% if site.disqus_shortname and page.comments %}

        Please enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by Disqus.
      {% endif %}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


You started by studying painting and drawing, you were in a successful band and now you're a feature director. Did that feel like a natural progression for you?
John: '(laughs) It does, it feels like…there are links between all three. It sounds like I was oil painting, then suddenly I was playing the guitar and then I was holding a film camera. But I'm not quite that talented, erm… but it was interesting, drawing in art school, then sort of being interested in collage and montage and surreal cinema, and then doing the music videos and really starting to be interested in cinema whilst I was in the band. I also did sampling ,which felt a bit like collage and montage.
So going into film from the band felt like a progression, as there was montage in both. The only difference really being storytelling, which I really had to try and learn in order to write scripts. But the visual aspect always seemed to be a development from my early career.
How is it that you went from these DIY music videos to then having a BAFTA and now all of a sudden you've got your first feature film with award winning actors. What's your secret?
John: I mean, most of that is down to Mr Fassbender really. I made a lot of zero budget music videos, shoot experimental stuff, then Michael's agent showed him my stuff, we were introduced and then, a few weeks later, Michael suggested that he was up for doing something. So, I wrote the short 'Man on a Motorcycle' for him. I only had one day with him and he made sure it was an interesting day for both of us. It was a fruitful collaboration, so I was then able to suggest another short film that I would need 3 days with Michael for and once again, it was a fruitful collaboration that ended in a BAFTA. Me and Michael then talked about making a feature next. I had an idea for a western and he said 'Go for it and I'll be in it!' so I was lucky enough to write the part of Silas for him.
Speaking of westerns, is that the sort of film you're drawn to? What would you say is your favourite films when you take yourself outside of being a director?
John: My favourite genre is noir actually. I've always loved films like Chinatown, which has always been kind of up there as my favourite film – as far as all the aspects go, like script to costumes, cinematography and acting , they all seem to register pretty much a ten out of ten for that film, for me.
You write and direct your own films. Is that something that is essential to you or would you perhaps in the future consider writing with someone else or developing someone else's script?
John: Yes, absolutely. I mean, it was kind of out of necessity as I didn't know anyone that wrote film scripts, and if you want to be a film director, you either need to know someone or write yourself so, I just started writing. Then, it gradually became a confidence thing ,because I was a borderline failure at English in school, so once I got the confidence up and running, and once I realised that scriptwriting doesn't necessarily have anything to do with literature – it has more to do with daydreaming and imagining and playing the film in my head – it made the process much more enjoyable and easier.
When you think back to Slow West and developing that script, was it the story that drew you in first or were you drawn to the genre?
John: I think there were two or three early threads, you know. One was that the western was an unusual choice for a first film and so that interested me. I'd always loved America, and when I travelled there and I met people, they'd always say that their grandfather was Scottish or their great grandfather was Irish…. And then when I watched westerns and saw Americans I thought, wait a minute, there is something about migrants at the time that could be told through this genre. And this really kicked off the idea of making a western. And then the story came by working with my script editor, you know.
Slow West is a story about a man who goes to rescue someone that doesn't necessarily need to be rescued or want to be rescued – a bit like Ford's "The Searchers". What was the inspiration for that story? Was it a personal experience?
John: It was! I mean, when I was 16 I liked girls that possibly didn't like me back. So there's that! Then I really didn't want to make it a damsel in distress film, where men come and rescue the poor helpless woman, so definitely those ideas were playing through my head as I was writing. I've watched bits of The Searchers but I haven't actually sat down and watched it from beginning to end.
Some say that the Western as a genre has died. What are your thoughts on this?
John: Well, people are always saying that painting is dead when someone creates video art or technology art or whatever. And it's always after someone says that, that someone has a great painting show and there's a great return to painting. So I don't think that anything creative can die. When fashion people say short skirts are out and long skirts are in, people start wearing the opposite and so it comes back around again. It's just the way it works.
The western was a prevalent genre in the 60's and now it's not. I don't think it will ever return to that glorious days when nine out of ten films were westerns, but I definitely feel that people nowadays can still have their own personal takes on the genre.
Can you tell us a bit more about your collaboration with Fassbender?
John: Well, the first day I worked with him I only had him for one day. In terms of acting, I had just worked with mates before, so when he started acting in front of the camera, I almost fell over. Working with an actor was a revelation. It was just one day though so it was sort of a smash and grab of footage really, but when it came to the next project we had one or two days to bounce ideas around about the script, so it became much more of a collaboration. For Slow West, I was a bit busier so we didn't have so much time beforehand, but we would have days when we would have script readings and we'd talk about ideas and come up with stuff. It was definitely a great collaboration.
When it comes to director and actor on set, I don't really know what it's like because I haven't worked with a lot of other actors, but it seems that he runs to his intuition most of the time and that turns out to be right. That meant there wasn't as much toing and froing and I just let him get on with it really. Whatever he did was beyond my expectations anyway, so it was a matter of one or two takes and then we'd move on.
It must have been a really interesting experience to Kodi, an up and coming actor, as well, to play off him so much. So how did you find their dynamic as a director?
John: I mean, Kodi has probably been in the industry as long as Michael or longer even! So they were both experienced and they're both the kind of people that felt entirely at home on our set. So there was never an issue with nervousness or Kodi being in awe of Michael. They both actually got on really well which was great!
John: I was sceptical at first. Oh, I've written it in Colorado and it's a western, how can I not shoot it in Colorado… and then there was a time when all the kind of cards came into place and Michael's schedule became available, but it happened to be in November-December. So you've got six hours a day of shooting light, Colorado winter versus 13 hours a day shooting light in New Zealand, and it just seemed like that was too big a practicality to ignore. During the reccee I realised that I could find locations that were very similar to how I imagined them in the script. So then it became obvious. It was fantastic because the crews are amazing out there.
You were the writer/director on this and you're obviously very close to the material, so how did you find post production and being in the edit suite?
John: That was the toughest part. I've only ever edited my own stuff so I've never worked with an editor before, so that was a new kind of experience. It was tough to begin with, as editing is all about rhythm and I'd imagined the rhythm of the film in my head and was hard to communicate it, so I did have to get my hands on the edit quite a lot. I hadn't really shot a great deal of coverage because it was all storyboards, so in a way it was all there really, you just had to change a few frames off the front and back, and you change the perception of the film, it is all very subtle. It wasn't as though I was vastly telling the story in every edit but more doing a lot of fine cutting and getting the edit and the tempo right.
And what's in the future for you as a film director or as a writer? What kind of projects do you have coming up?
John: I'm going to write script number two, so I'm just trying to think of ideas now. Something else, something new that's not a western, perhaps a contemporary setting. I'm just starting to read and research this at the moment.
Okay, final question. If you were to start again as director, what kind of advice would you give your younger self?
John: (laughs) That's a hard question because you learn by doing it. When people starting out ask me for advice, it's quite difficult not to say 'just do it and you'll' learn". I guess the more reading – script reading – you do and the more films you watch, the better, so just do even more of that.
Our many thanks to Lauren Papendorf that brought our questions to John Maclean and transcribed his answers for us.
Slow West is in cinemas now.
Sara is originally from Coimbra, Portugal, where she studied Film Studies before moving to London to enrol in film school. Having made her first short film about her neighbour's chickens when she was 9 (a dystopian sci-fi, still her favourite genre), she is now a London-based film director and editor, and also a writer for the Portuguese Take Magazine. She is a huge fan of Lars Von Trier, Krysztof Kiéslowski, and David Lean.


text:
Alopecia: Hair growth restored with new drug
By Hannah Nichols on September 26, 2016
Alopecia areata – an autoimmune skin disease that causes patchy hair loss on the scalp, face, and body – affects as many as 6.8 million people in the United States. Researchers from Columbia University Medical Center have identified a promising therapy for the disease that stimulated hair regrowth by 92 percent.
Researchers have found that JAK inhibitors may help people with alopecia areata regrow their hair.
With all forms of alopecia area, the body's immune system attacks healthy hair follicles, which causes them to become smaller and decrease in production to the point where hair growth may stop altogether.
For people who have less than 50 percent hair loss, current treatment options work to disrupt or distract the immune attack and stimulate the hair follicle. For people who experience more than 50 percent hair loss, there are oral and injectable medications available. However, these treatments are not successful for everyone.
Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC) researchers conducted an open-label clinical trial – whereby both researchers and participants knew what treatment was administered – of 12 people with alopecia areata.
The findings, published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation/Insight, were released alongside a separate study from Stanford University and Yale University that tested a similar drug.
JAK inhibitors could stimulate hair growth
Alopecia areata is the second most common form of hair loss that occurs at any age and affects both men and women equally.
While there is currently no treatment capable of completely restoring hair, CUMC investigators have shown that topical and oral drugs that inhibit the Janus kinase (JAK) family of enzymes, known as JAK inhibitors, could potentially fill the role of stimulating hair regrowth.
"Although our study was small, it provides crucial evidence that JAK inhibitors may constitute the first effective treatment for people with alopecia areata," says Dr. Julian Mackay-Wiggan, associate professor of dermatology and director of the Clinical Research Unit in the Department of Dermatology at CUMC, and a dermatologist at NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia.
"This is encouraging news for patients who are coping with the physical and emotional effects of this disfiguring autoimmune disease," she adds.
Previous research by the team revealed specific immune cells and dominant inflammatory signaling pathways that are responsible for attacking the hair follicle in people with alopecia areata, resulting in the follicle entering a dormant state.
Later studies of mouse and human hair follicles showed that JAK inhibitors reawaken these dormant follicles by blocking inflammatory signaling.
Three quarters of participants exhibited 50 percent more hair regrowth
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have already approved two JAK inhibitors: a medication used to treat bone marrow malignancies called ruxolitinib, which was the focus of the CUMC research, and a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis called tofacitinib that the Stanford/Yale study explored.
"These disorders are both characterized by dysregulated signaling pathways, similar to alopecia areata, which is dominated by the interferon signaling pathway. Even though the diseases are very different, this common feature gave us the initial idea to test JAK inhibitors in people with alopecia," says Dr. Raphael Clynes, Ph.D., associate professor of dermatology at CUMC.
The researchers tested their hypothesis by enrolling 12 people with moderate to severe alopecia with more than 30 percent hair loss. Participants were administered 20 milligrams of oral ruxolitinib twice a day for 3-6 months. Follow-up took place over a further 3 months to assess the permanence of treatment response.
Results showed that nine of the patients – 75 percent – presented 50 percent or more hair regrowth. By the end of the treatment period, 77 percent of participants who responded to ruxolitinib therapy achieved more than 95 percent hair regrowth.
In the follow-up period, one third of people who had responded to the treatment proceeded to experience significant hair loss, although not to the degree of before treatment.
Inflammatory indicators may identify responders, nonresponders
Skin biopsies were performed before, during, and after treatment. In responders, the biopsies showed a reduction in levels of interferon signaling and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which are indicators of inflammatory response. They also had increased levels of hair keratins, which are proteins that indicate hair growth. These levels are similar to those seen in people without alopecia areata.
People with alopecia areata who did not respond to treatment had lower levels of inflammatory signatures in biopsy results before treatment began, which may indicate that scientists could potentially distinguish between people who will and will not respond to treatment.
"We are very excited about the use of biomarkers to follow the response of patients to this treatment," says Angela M. Christiano, Ph.D., the Richard and Mildred Rhodebeck professor of dermatology and professor of genetics and development at CUMC. "This will allow us to so monitor improvements in their gene expression signatures even before hair growth appears."
"Our findings suggest that initial treatment induces a high rate of disease remissions in patients with moderate to severe alopecia areata, but maintenance therapy may be needed."
Dr. Julian Mackay-Wiggan
"While larger, randomized trials are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of ruxolitinib in people with moderate to severe alopecia areata, our initial results are very encouraging," Mackay-Wiggan adds.
The Stanford/Yale study also showed a positive response to the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib. "Together, the two studies show that we're on the right track," says Dr. Christiano, a co-author of the tofacitinib paper.
Future research by the CUMC team will focus on testing JAK inhibitors in conditions such as vitiligo, scarring alopecia, and male pattern baldness. "We expect JAK inhibitors to have widespread utility across many forms of hair loss based on their mechanism of action in both the hair follicle and immune cells," concludes Dr. Christiano.
Watch a video explaining the findings of the CUMC research:
Learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatments for alopecia areata.
Immune System / Vaccines
Oral ruxolitinib induces hair regrowth in moderate to severe alopecia areata, Julian Mackay-Wiggan et al., Journal of Clinical Investigation/Insight, published online 22 September 2016, .
https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/89790
CUMC , accessed 23 September 2016 via Newswise.
http://www.newswise.com/articles/drug-restores-hair-growth-in-patients-with-alopecia-areata
Additional source: NAAF, , accessed 23 September 2016.
https://www.naaf.org/alopecia-areata
Drinking sugary beverages linked to hair loss in men
A study found that men with male pattern hair loss consumed almost double the sugar-sweetened beverages compared with those without the condition.
Keeps review 2023: Does it really work?
Keeps sells hair loss treatments for male pattern baldness. Learn about the company's reputation and products, plus alternative natural remedies for…
Keeps vs. Hims: How do these services compare in 2023?
Keeps and Hims both offer hair loss treatment. Read on to learn more about how these companies differ.
Which nutritional supplements are best for treating hair loss?
Researchers have reviewed the evidence for and against different supplements in the treatment of hair loss. Proceed with caution, and after a lot of…
What to know about Nutrafol hair loss treatment
Nutrafol is a hair loss supplement that Nutraceuticals Wellness, Inc. sells online. Learn about this product, including whether it is safe and…


text:
"Heretical" Popes / Pope Vigilius
by Mark Hausam · Published August 14, 2019 · Updated August 17, 2019
The Infallibility of the Church and the Pope
Catholic teaching holds that the Church is indefectible. She can never fall away into error, but will forever hold fast to the true faith.
Here is my summary of how the infallibility of the Church works, according to Catholic doctrine:
The teaching authority of the Catholic Church resides in the "Magisterium," which is simply the body of bishops who govern the Church in communion with the Bishop of Rome, the Pope. God has given what I'll call the "gift of reliability" to the teachers of the Church, so that what they teach in terms of the doctrine of the church (whether of "faith" or "morals") is accurate and does not lead into error. This gift is not given to individual bishops acting alone, but only to the body of bishops as a whole–so it is possible that individual bishops, or even bishops in groups smaller than the whole of the body of bishops, might teach error, but the body of bishops as a whole can never do so. Also, the Pope, as the head of the church, has the gift of reliability given to him in his own unique office as well, so that he can never teach error when he is exercising his teaching office.
Sometimes the Church teaches a doctrine definitively–that is, she teaches a doctrine as certainly and irrevocably the correct opinion. This might happen when the bishops come together in an ecumenical council and make definitive decrees or statements, or it might happen as all the bishops in the ordinary exercise of their office agree in teaching a doctrine definitively throughout the world. The Pope might teach a doctrine definitively either by formally defining a doctrine as a dogma (this is the famed ex cathedra declaration) or simply by affirming that a doctrine is the definitive teaching of the Church. When the Church teaches something definitively, since she has the gift of reliability, Catholics are obligated to receive and accept it definitively. Sometimes, however, the Church might teach a doctrine non-definitively–that is, she might teach a doctrine in such a way that it is claimed to be true, or accurate, or good to believe or hold or practice, etc., but not in such a way that it is claimed that the final, unchangeable word on the subject has been given. The doctrine is not claimed as definitely certain or true or unchangeable in its current form. For example, the bishops or the Pope might say, "X is the best way to think about this right now," or "We should think X right now," or "So far as we can see at this point, X appears to be true," or "We should do things in this way right now," etc. There could be lots of ways such a non-definitive teaching could be given and a variety of degrees of certainty in such pronouncements–context would determine how to interpret any particular statement or teaching. A non-definitive teaching must be accepted and adhered to by Catholics as well. It must be accepted in the way and to the degree it was intended by the Church–again, interpreted by context.
Here is a little bit more on the distinction between definitive and non-definitive Magisterial teaching and the difference between the two:
The teaching of the Catholic Church is that the Pope, and the bishops as a whole, can teach with various levels of definitiveness, but that Catholics are bound to submit with mind and will to all magisterial teaching according to the intention of the magisterial teacher. So if the Pope teaches something and intends it to be a definitive pronouncement, Catholics are to submit to it as the final word on the subject and irreformably and forever true. If the Pope teaches something which he intends the people to believe, but it is not intended as necessarily the final word on the subject, then Catholics are bound to accept that teaching, but not necessarily as the final word on the subject. All magisterial teaching is to be regarded as inherently reliable, for it all comes with the authority of Christ and the guidance of the Holy Spirit. We can never be led astray by following magisterial teaching, although non-definitive teaching can lead us to provisional conclusions that may later turn out to be augmented or even corrected. The fact that non-definitive teaching is not necessarily irreformable is not contrary to its reliability, for the reformable nature of such teaching does not come from any unreliability in the teaching but in the non-definitiveness of the magisterial intention. If the Pope teaches us that X is the best position to hold right now and that we ought to hold position X, but that this is not necessarily the final word on the subject, if later on we find that X is false we cannot be said to have been led astray by the Pope's teaching, for that teaching did not teach us that X would never be overturned. But the reliability of the Pope's ordinary teaching obviously precludes that teaching from including heresy–that is, from including ideas that contradict what the Church has previously affirmed definitively to have been revealed by God. For we already know that such teachings cannot be true and that we should not hold them. It would be contrary to the justice and truth of God for legitimate authority appointed by him to legitimately bind us to teaching that it would be wrong to hold.
With regard to definitively infallible teaching, the Code of Canon Law tells us that we are not to assume that any teaching of the Magisterium has been defined infallibly "unless this is manifestly evident" (Code of Canon Law #749.3
To see the foundations of the above summaries in the Church's own testimony, see here (the shorter version) and here (the longer version).
In this article and some subsequent articles, I am going to address some classic historical challenges that have been made to the Catholic doctrine of papal infallibility. We will start with Pope Vigilius and the affair of the Three Chapters.
The Three Chapters Controversy
In the sixth century, a controversy arose in the Church over the proper response to some writings alleged to be heretical. Pope Vigilius was intimately involved in the whole affair, and critics of Catholic ideas about papal authority and infallibility have often alleged that his actions in this controversy provide historical evidence against those ideas.
This is a subject I've wanted to write about for a long time, but I've somewhat dreaded approaching it because the history here is very convoluted and complex and difficult to follow and explain. Following especially Dom John Chapman's account of the affair in his Studies on the Early Papacy (London: Sheed and Ward, 1928) as well as Bishop Hefele's account in his History of the Councils of the Church, Volume IV (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1895), two excellent and well-respected resources on early Church history, I will try to give a succinct and accessible account of the main outline of what happened and how it relates to papal infallibility.
The Council of Chalcedon had occurred in 451 and had condemned Monophysitism (the idea that Christ did not have truly distinct human and divine natures). The previous Ecumenical Council, that of Ephesus in 431, had condemned Nestorianism (which exaggerated the distinction of the two natures and, in effect, divided the person of Christ). There were some in the Church who felt the condemnation of Nestorianism needed to be advanced a little further by the condemnation of writings from three men of the previous century who were felt by some to have had some Nestorianizing tendencies. The three men were Theodore of Mopsuestia, Ibas of Edessa, and Theodoret of Cyrus. Both Ibas and Theodoret had been accepted ultimately by the Council of Chalcedon as orthodox (not guilty of Nestorianism), but some since that time had raised questions about the orthodoxy of some sections of their writings. So the Emperor Justinian, in 544, condemned extracts from the writings of these three men–the extracts became known as the "Three Chapters"–while adding that no disrespect was intended towards the Council of Chalcedon or its decrees.
Justinian pressured the bishops to sign this condemnation, and, under some protest, the leading Eastern patriarchs did so. Justinian wanted Pope Vigilius to sign as well, but the Western Church strongly opposed the condemnation. Like the Eastern bishops, they saw it as an affront against Chalcedon. Pope Vigilius refused to sign the condemnation, so Justinian had him kidnapped and brought forcefully to Constantinople. (The relationship between the Byzantine emperors and the popes is a complex one, full of many contradictions. The emperors recognized the authority of the Pope as head of the Church, but they often acted in ways that were inconsistent with that recognition. But it is beyond my scope to go into this now with any thoroughness.) After a year and four months of much pressure, as well as further opportunity for studying the issue, Pope Vigilius changed his mind and wrote a document called the Judicatium in which he moderately condemned the Three Chapters. This was in 548. This document has been lost, but, according to Hefele, fragments of it are found in other documents. Vigilius agrees to condemnations, but he insists that all condemnations be consistent with continuing to affirm all the decrees of Chalcedon. Three years later, commenting on the Judicatium, Vigilius said that "in order to remove present offense, he had condescended, in order to quiet men's minds, he had relaxed the severity of right, and in accordance with the need of the time had ordered things medicinally" (Hefele 257-258, emphasis in original). This seems to suggest that Vigilius didn't really want to condemn the Three Chapters, but that he had come to the conclusion that, in order to deal with the present controversies and concerns, he could concede to their condemnation provided that they were condemned in a way that avoided any criticism of the decrees of the Council of Chalcedon.
Part of the problem here is that the writings of the Three Chapters could appear somewhat ambiguous, with some reading them in a more Nestorian sense and others reading them in a more orthodox sense. Also, in some cases, the writers had affirmed the condemnation of Nestorianism at and in response to the Council of Chalcedon and had perhaps rejected some of what they had previously said. So there is also a distinction between what is in the writings themselves, considered by themselves, and the overall orthodoxy of the writers. Justinian, accordingly, in his condemnation of the Three Chapters, had been willing to condemn the person of Theodore of Mopsuestia (who had not been dealt with at Chalcedon) as well as his writings, but he had not condemned the persons of Theodoret or Ibas, but only a fragment of their writings. A great deal of the confusion in the Three Chapters controversy, and a great deal of Vigilius's hesitating and waffling in particular, was owing to these nuances and the difficult question of how to best respond to the writings themselves and the men who wrote them (considering that they had died in full communion with the Church).
Vigilius's Judicatium caused much controversy, especially in the West. It led to a number of Western churches withdrawing from full communion with Vigilius under the concern that by his Judicatium he had failed to defend Chalcedon. Some of these schisms lasted for many years. But the state of schism did not imply that these Western churches had abandoned their sense of the authority of the papacy. The Illyrian Church, for example, rejected communion with Vigilius on the grounds that "they obeyed St. Leo and the former Popes, and 'must ever hold with the Apostolic Church of the Romans'" (Chapman 236). Sometimes Protestant and other critics of Catholic doctrine regarding the papacy try to use historical examples like these to argue that the early Church did not accept the doctrine of the papacy, but they fail to take into account the inconsistencies of human beings and how their actions do not always line up with their own principles. Even today, there is an entire organization, the Society of St. Pius X, which, in theory, is very committed to papal authority and infallibility, but which, inconsistent with this, refuses openly and defiantly to accept the papally-ratified teachings of the Second Vatican Council and most of the teaching of popes subsequently.
Meanwhile, Vigilius remained imprisoned in Constantinople. Two years after issuing his Judicatium, he withdrew it. He had once again rethought his response to the controversy. He decided that no one should make a ruling on the Three Chapters until a General Council could meet to discuss the issue. During this period, Vigilius continued to endure much persecution, but Justinian did agree to call a General Council. But this did not end the strife. Pope Vigilius said he would need to go back to Italy to consult with the other Western bishops before the Council, and he also demanded that an equal number of Westerns as well as Easterns should be allowed to sit at the Council. Justinian denied both requests, and so Vigilius refused to come to the Council. Justinian went ahead and had the Council anyway (in 553), but it was mostly attended by Easterns without much Western presence or support.
The Council, while it was going on, continued to summon Pope Vigilius to come, but he continued to refuse. He agreed, however, to submit something in writing, and eventually he submitted a document that has come to be called the Constitutum. In this document, Vigilius "refused to condemn the persons of Ibas, Theodoret or Theodore of Mopsuestia, but he does condemn 60 propositions taken from the writings of the latter" (Chapman 234). Vigilius decided that, in accordance with the previous practice of the Roman See, people who had died should not be posthumously condemned, which is why he refused to condemn Theodore of Mopsuestia. He noted that Theodoret had repudiated Nestorianism completely at Chalcedon, and so decided that it would be inappropriate to condemn a man for anything in his writings which he himself had condemned and abjured. He did agree, however, to condemn Nestorian tendencies in any writings in general in which they might be found, without condemning anything in the writings of Theodoret by name. With regard to Ibas of Edessa, Vigilius noted that the Fathers at Chalcedon had read Ibas's letter and vindicated it and Ibas himself as orthodox, and so he decided that no one should oppose Chalcedon's decision on this matter, noting that Pope Leo previously had condemned the idea of altering anything in the decrees of Chalcedon. Vigilius closes his Constitutum with these words: "We ordain and decree that it be permitted to no one who stands in ecclesiastical order or office, to write or bring forward, or undertake, or teach anything contradictory to the contents of this Constitutum in regard to the three chapters, or, after this declaration, begin a new controversy about them. And if anything has already been done or spoken in regard of the three chapters in contradiction of this our ordinance, by any one whomsoever, this we declare void by the authority of the apostolic see" (Hefele 322-323).
Pope Vigilius sent this Constitutum to the Emperor, who refused to look at it, saying, "If it condemns the Three Chapters, it is useless, as the Pope has already condemned them. If it defends them, then he is contradicting himself" (Chapman 234). The Emperor then declared that, by contradicting himself and refusing to go along with the full condemnations of the Three Chapters, the Pope had excommunicated himself, and so he removed the Pope's name from the list of those bishops who are in communion with the Church (the diptychs). "We have decided that it is not proper for Christians to recite his name in the diptychs, lest we should be found thus to be in communion with Nestorius and Theodore. . . . But we preserve unity with the Apostolic See, and we are sure that you will preserve it" (Chapman 235, emphasis in original). The reply of the bishops of the Council: "The Emperor's view is in harmony with the labours he has undergone for the unity of the holy Churches. Let us therefore preserve unity with the Apostolic See of the holy Church of Rome according to his letter" (Chapman 235). Once again, we see the inconsistency of those who opposed Pope Vigilius. They wanted to have their cake and eat it too. They wanted to oppose Vigilius, but they knew they could not sever their communion with Rome because it is the head of the churches, so they tried to split a difference that didn't exist (indeed, again, like some dissenting Catholics do today).
The Council then concluded with the condemnation of the Three Chapters: "We now condemn and anathematise, with all other heretics who have been condemned and anathematised at the four holy Synods, and by the holy Catholic and Apostolic Church, also Theodore, formerly bishop of Mopsuestia, and his impious writings, likewise that which Theodoret wrote impie against the true faith, and against the twelve anathematisms of Cyril, against the first Synod of Ephesus, and in defense of Theodore and Nestorius. Besides this, we anathematise the impious letter which Ibas is said to have written to Maris, in which it is denied that God the Word became flesh and man of the holy Godbearer and perpetual Virgin Mary. We also anathematise the three chapters named, i.e. the impious Theodore of Mopsuestia with his mischievous books, and what Theodoret impie wrote, and the impious letter which Ibas is said to have composed, together with their defenders who declare the three chapters to be right, and who sought or shall seek to protect their impiety by the names of holy Fathers or of the Council of Chalcedon" (Hefele 328).
After this, the Emperor exiled the Western bishops, including Pope Vigilius, who refused to submit to the Council's conclusions.
"Alone, seriously ill, after six years of banishment and coercion, all [Vigilius's] attempts at compromise had failed. Was it best to placate the Emperor and stop the persecution? After six months he had found a way of explanation. He had already condemned Theordore of Mopseuestia, but had refused to condemn Ibas and Theodoret. He issues a long document on February 23th, 554, condemning the extracts from Theodoret and not his person, and arguing diffusely, but not convincingly, that the letter of Ibas was a forgery, and was neither written by him nor approved at Chalcedon. By this ingenuity he is finally able to condemn the Three Chapters and satisfy the Emperor" (Chapman 235-236).
Vigilius described his change of mind in various letters: "The enemy of the human race, who sows discord everywhere, had separated him from his colleagues, the bishops assembled in Constantinople. But Christ had removed the darkness again from his spirit, and had again united the Church of the whole world. . . . There is no shame in confessing and recalling a previous error; this had been done by Augustine in his Retractations. He, too, following this and other examples, had never ceased to institute further inquiries on the matter of the three chapters in the writings of the Fathers. . . . Finally, we subject to the same anathema all who believe that the three chapters referred to could at any time be approved or defended, or who venture to oppose the present anathema. Those, on the contrary, who have condemned, or do condemn, the three chapters, we hold for brethren and fellow-priests. Whatever we ourselves or others have done in defense of the three chapters we declare invalid" (Hefele 347-348).
"He further, in the new edict, pronounces a full anathema on the letter in question [the letter to Maris purported to be from Ibas], and on all who maintain that it was declared orthodox by anyone at Chalcedon; he then proceeds to Theodore of Mopsuestia, whom, together with the writings of Theodoret against Cyril, he declares worthy of condemnation, and finally closes with an anathema on all the three chapters together, on their defenders, and on everyone who should maintain that that letter was declared to be orthodox by the Synod of Chalcedon, or by any member of it" (Hefele 351).
Vigilius died before he could ever return to Rome, and his successors in the papacy continued to uphold the validity of the Emperor's Council and its conclusions, which came to be recognized as the Fifth Ecumenical Council.
Do Pope Vigilius's Actions During the Three Chapters Controversy Contradict the Unfailing Reliability of Papal Teaching?
I think the answer to this question must be no. The main argument that is usually made is that Pope Vigilius contradicted himself and waffled around a lot during the course of the controversy, and that this is incompatible with papal infallibility. But it isn't. Remember that the Catholic doctrine is that while all papal teaching is reliable as far as it goes, it is not all definitive or unchangeable. If the Pope presents a position on something as the final word for all time, then it is to be accepted as precisely that. But if a Pope presents a position, or makes a decree, and does not communicate that it is the final answer for all time, then no one is obliged to accept it as such (in fact, it would be wrong to accept it as such, because it would violate the Pope's intention in teaching it). Non-definitive teachings and decrees are to be accepted and followed by Catholics to the extent and in the form required by the Pope, but there is no guarantee that they will not be augmented or even corrected in the future by reconsideration, further information, etc. In the case of Vigilius and Three Chapters controversy, although at every step of the way Pope Vigilius issued statements with strong language in them, requiring people to submit to them, he never indicated that those statements were intended as definitive. In fact, we know he didn't intend them as definitive, because, reflecting back upon them at the end of the controversy, he admits that he had learned a lot along the way and thus had changed his mind on some things, and he indicates that this is no more surprising or problematic than it was when St. Augustine did the same thing. He indicates that throughout the course of the controversy he had "never ceased to institute further inquiries on the matter."
There is a reason why current canon law specifies that "no doctrine is understood as defined infallibly unless this is manifestly evident." If the Pope commands us to accept or to obey something, we must submit, but, unless he clearly indicates otherwise, we are not thereby warranted to assume that we have the final word on the subject. Even today, after millennia of reflection on how papal authority works, the Church still tells us not to rely on rigid formulas (like "he used the word 'anathema', or "he used strong language," or "he published his statement in a certain kind of document," etc.) for determining the degree of authority or definitiveness in papal teachings, but instead to rely on common sense and contextual reading (and to seek clarification if it is needed). If we are to exercise caution in attributing definitive infallibility to the Pope's teaching today, how much more caution do we need when trying to evaluate papal statements we read about in reports made 1,500 years ago in a very alien cultural and historical setting, especially when we know from the benefit of hindsight that a number of those statements could not have been definitive? For critics to try to latch onto Vigilius's statements during the Three Chapters controversy, insist that they must be understood as definitive, and then assert that by showing how Vigilius changed his mind papal infallibility has been disproved is really to make a spectacularly weak and question-begging argument that ignores all the relevant nuances.
"But," the critic may respond, "Isn't it obvious that Vigilius intended his statements and decrees to be accepted and obeyed, at least at the time that he made them?" Yes, I think that's right. Vigilius certainly intended his decrees to be accepted at the time they were made. It was the duty of Catholics during that time period to follow Vigilius's take on the controversy. However, since it is clear that Vigilius himself was continuing to learn and reflect throughout the course of the controversy and that he didn't intend his statements as the final word on the subject but rather as a reflection of how things looked to him to the extent of his current knowledge, I don't think we need to assume that the submission required to his decrees would have ruled out intelligent researchers and observers during the time period continuing to reflect upon how best to view what was going on and even to contribute new information and new interpretations to Vigilius if they thought they had something worth considering. Without rebelling against Vigilius or refusing to assent to his decrees, such observers could have aided the process of Vigilius and all the bishops coming to a more complete understanding of the subject of the controversy and thus a more adequate final conclusion. In fact, this is no doubt what actually happened.
In conclusion, then, I think we can rule out the Three Chapters affair as constituting any kind of substantial objection to the Catholic doctrine of papal reliability or infallibility.
Originally Published on the feast of St. James the Greater, Apostle and Son of Zebedee
Mark Hausam lives in Columbia, MO, with his wife Desiree and his nine children, where they are members at Our Lady of Lourdes parish. Mark teaches Theology at Fr. Tolton Catholic High School as well as Philosophy at State Fair Community College in Boonville, MO. He runs a blog at https://freethoughtforchrist.blogspot.com/ and is the author of Why Christianity is True and No Grounds for Divorce: Why Protestants (and Everyone Else) Should Return to the Unity of the Catholic Church.
Tags: "Heretical" PopesPope Vigilius
Thank you Mark! I'm just curious: I know we must assent to definitive and non-definitive Magisterial teaching through the submission of will and intellect, but is it heresy to reject teaching in both instances? I am assuming yes, but I always thought a heretic to be someone who willfully rejected major teachings.
The arguments of Amoris Laetetia will apply to definitive & non-definitive which is subjective culpability, meaning it will also requires full knowledge and full consent. Remember not all are familiar with Canon Law esp. ordinary lay members with regards to heresy..
One thing for sure is, "not obeying" the teachings either definitive or non-definitive will not benefit our souls as the virtue of obedience is the key to acquiring wisdom and graces as Jesus reveals, eventhough He was a God-man still have to follow the path of obedience & submission to Mama Mary & St.Joseph.
Imagine Jesus was lost in the temple and not yet reaching the status of "full of grace" at age of twelve that's why he cause trouble in the heart of His parent. In contrast, Mama Mary at the age of thirteen years was already "full of grace". This is a mystery to show that when Jesus said "learn from me for I am meek & humble of heart". , to whom did Jesus humanity learn how to be "meek & humble"? Jesus saw it from the Blessed Virgin Mary and St.Joseph.
We are not required to be obedient to error.
Well, you do seem eager to be obedient to error though, since you eschew the sure guidance of the Vicar of Christ
I am a practicing Catholic and have been most of my life. I was drawn to the Catholic faith and have tried to be a "good" Catholic all my life, often failing miserably. I believe what Catholicism teaches, and that the church is the church created by Christ Himself and intended to be the vehicle for salvation for mankind.
We all see we are living in a time of the utmost chaos and confusion, the very ground beneath our feet has slipped, an earthquake slow in coming over decades, but certainly here now, and rattling us to our bones. Where to turn, there are no heroes nor is there much guidance. Yet we know God is there, in the chaos, in the confusion, He is still there.
I'll speak for myself. I consider myself a reasonably well informed Catholic able to apply what I know and believe to be true. I've seen what has transpired in the church and been horrified by it all. I don't hide from it as many do. I'm a pragmatist who believes the painful truth is far better than the comfortable lie. We see how it is with past popes, this pope, the Cardinals, the bishops, and the fractured church, due to the sins of the aforementioned and surely, our own as well.
What do I rely on, during these times. What sets my heart on the right path, how do I know who to follow. That is relatively easy for me, though the historic tenets of Catholicism admittedly gives me momentary pause.
"Friends, though it were we ourselves, thought it were an angel of heaven that should preach to you a different gospel we preached to you, a curse upon him!". Galatians 1:8.
Whatever other labels we could apply to what issues forth from Francis and Rome, we at the very least can call it "different" and a departure from what we were told for most of 2000 years. Thank you, I'll trust and go with St. Paul and what was taught up to the modern era, when we can see with our eyes modernist men in the church created what was essentially a new religion. Now either they created a new religion while calling it Catholicism or Catholicism had been gotten wrong for almost 2000 years. The latter does not make sense in any way. I believe corrupt men have relied on indefectibility to keep Catholics in line, a terrible thing, but when we see how corrupt they are, not much of a surprise. Do these men have supernatural faith at all? They do not act it.
I will trust that God gave us scripture for a reason, and while it's a terrible tragedy we are where we are in history, we can rely on it to guide us to safe shores.
Christopher Lake says:
Evangeline,
As a former, outspoken, anti-Catholic Protestant, it is striking to me to see just how many Catholics who are distrustful of Pope Francis are increasingly sounding like… well… anti-Catholic Protestants!
Galatians 1:8, the verse which you quote, seemingly, to oppose the Papacy of Francis and the current Magisterium, is one of the *same verses* which I used to quote to oppose the Catholic Church itself. At the time, I claimed that the "false gospel of the Catholic Church" was an anti-Biblical, heretical message that would lead those who consistently believed it, and followed it, straight to Hell. I was very sure that I was being guided by the Holy Spirit in my interpretation of the Bible and my rejection of the Catholic Church.
Eventually, after a number of years, God brought me through a process of being humbled and better informed, and I learned that I had been very wrong. It was hard to admit this to myself and others, because I had been so insistent that my interpretation of the Bible was the "Holy Spirit-guided" one, and so insistent that the Catholic Church was wrong, but the fact is, *I, Christopher Lake* was the one who had been wrong, and I had to admit it. In doing so, I finally returned to the Catholic Church, which I had mistakenly left, many years ago, as a confused, misguided young man.
The sad reality is, if I had just continued to listen to and trust the Pope (John Paul II at the time), and the authoritative teaching of the Church in the Catechism (rather than allowing myself to be confused by dissenting voices in and out of the Church), I would have never left the Church and become an anti-Catholic Protestant. Now, I know that you are still a professing member of the Catholic Church– but you are opposing Pope Francis due to *your interpretation of Church teachings*, which you are sure is the right interpretation.
Please, I implore you, learn from my mistakes. Pope Francis is the current Vicar of Christ in the Church that Christ founded. He is teaching and living the Catholic faith, and we need to trust him and listen to him. Some aspects of his *personal approach* to teaching and living the faith are slightly different, in some ways, from our recent, previous Popes, but ultimately Francis is still teaching and living the Catholic faith that has been taught and handed down by Popes for 2,000 years. Don't let the dissenting voices in the Church, or outside of the Church, confuse you. Even more, please don't *be* one of those dissenting voices. Pope Francis has challenged me and helped me to grow in my faith as a Catholic. It hasn't always been easy to listen to him and live out what he teaches, but he is teaching the truths of the Catholic faith, and growth in holiness is often not easy. I thank God for Pope Francis.
Christopher is right. Evangeline's use of Gal 1:8 is the same one as the one Catholics have warned me against when used by Protestants
It is not the Pope who has changed 2000 years of Church Tradition. It is a significant fraction of Catholics who have started to apply the tenets of their faith differently, following biased pundits and sites instead of the Holy Father, as they said we should before Francis was elected.
Evangeline, you do not say in what areas the faith has become "different" and "a departure from what we were told for most of two thousand years." Where has the church departed from what it taught for two thousand year? What is different? Outward appearances, or actual doctrines?
Mark Hausam says:
Hi Marie. It is wrong and erroneous to reject either definitive or non-definitive teachings. But if we are talking about the technical, canonical definition of "heresy", that is only an obstinate rejection of a dogma of the Church (that is, a doctrine that has been definitively taught by the Church as divinely revealed).
Hi Evangeline. I am concerned with your view of the authority of the Church. The Catholic position is that the Church cannot go off the rails and lead people into error. The Pope and bishops are protected from error in their teaching. So the situation you describe, where the Church got it right for thousands of years but now has messed it all up, is impossible, from a Catholic point of view. Your viewpoint is closer to the Protestant point of view. Consider Martin Luther. He refused to follow the current (in his day) teaching of the Church on the basis that it contradicted his interpretation of the Bible. He said, "The Bible over the Church!" In the Catholic view, by contrast, the Bible and the Church cannot be in conflict, any more than parts of the Bible can be in conflict with other parts of the Bible.
The Bible and the Catholic Church have clearly and infallibly taught that the Death Penalty is legit. Bergoglio now says it's "inadmissible". Different religion.
Just because an option is legitimate, it doesn't mean that it should be applied in all instances at all times
A different religion is the one preached by Catholics who say they should follow their personal interpretations of Catholic religion instead of the teachings of the Vicar of Christ. Not once in the 2000 years of the Church has anyone professed that. Different religion
Next story Which Pope said this?
Previous story Talking WPI with Mark Shea


text:
Published: February 21, 2020, 6:56 PM
Tags: Joey Logano, Aric Almirola, Dale Earnhardt, Ryan Newman, Sports, Austin Dillon, Kyle Busch, Kyle Larson, Denny Hamlin, Ryan Blaney, Ross Chastain, NASCAR Monster Energy Cup Series
Full Wolf Moon lights up the sky tonight
Drivers processing the dangers of racing after Newman crash
Ryan Newman (6) goes airborne as Corey LaJoie (32) crashes in to him on the final lap of the NASCAR Daytona 500 auto race at Daytona International Speedway, Monday, Feb. 17, 2020, in Daytona Beach, Fla. Sundays race was postponed because of rain. (AP Photo/John Raoux)
LAS VEGAS, Nev. – NASCAR rolled west this week, shifting from the Daytona 500 to Las Vegas Motor Speedway without Ryan Newman.
Newman's streak of 649 consecutive races dating to 2002 will end Sunday when he misses the second race of the 2020 season as he recovers from a spectacular last-lap crash at Daytona. The rest of the field will be back on the track after the most frightening accident in NASCAR in nearly two decades — one that made many of them think long and hard.
That includes Ryan Blaney, the driver who tried to shove Newman to the Daytona win Monday night and instead hooked Newman's car into the spin that ultimately turned into an airborne, fiery spectacle with Newman's car upside down and Newman trapped inside.
Blaney was clearly distraught after the race as he paced outside his car, even resting his head in his arms on the roof. He broke his silence as he headed to Las Vegas.
"Have been replaying the events in my head over and over about what I could've done differently ever since," Blaney wrote in a long social media post. "I'm very lucky to have a great family, friends, team and incredible fans that have helped me out this week. I can't wait to have Rocketman Ryan Newman back at the track racing as hard as ever."
Ross Chastain will drive the No. 6 Ford in place of Newman. Roush Fenway Racing has not revealed any details about Newman's potential injuries, but the 42-year-old Indiana native walked out of the hospital holding hands with his two young daughters less than 48 hours after an accident that appeared fatal.
NASCAR's last fatal crash in the Cup Series was Dale Earnhardt on the last lap of the 2001 Daytona 500, and a massive safety push after that incident has limited serious injuries in the 19 years since. Kyle Busch broke both his legs in a 2015 crash at Daytona, Denny Hamlin broke a vertebra in his lower back in a 2013 crash in California and Aric Almirola broke his back in a 2017 crash.
But they all got out of their cars.
As did Austin Dillon, when he was pulled out of the window of his overturned car after tearing out a chunk of fencing at Daytona. Kyle Larson got out of his car after it went airborne.
And so did Newman, who for his entire 19-year Cup career has railed against the dangers of superspeedway racing and rightfully so — the winner of the 2008 Daytona 500 has flipped in superspeedway races several times. He leaned on NASCAR to add a support bar to the cockpit today referred to as "The Newman bar."
"After I tore down the fence and walked out immediately with nothing, I definitely feel like these cars are the safest things out there," Dillon said Friday. "But it just goes to show you that you can be impacted in the wrong way and it can be compromised. We're going 200 mph around each other and sometimes force just overtakes what we know is safe."
The fears created Monday night came from the length of time it took Newman to be cut out of the car — nearly 20 minutes — and the two-hour wait for information after he was taken to a hospital. At that point, NASCAR said only that he had injuries that were not life threatening.
The not knowing was difficult for a generation of drivers who have been fortunate to avoid the inherent danger of auto racing.
"When there's a guy that's getting extricated from a car you always fear the worst, right?" Busch said, acknowledging the passive attitude that has been created in 19 years of safety improvements.
"I think sometimes you take it for granted," Busch said. "What we're doing, the severity of what we're doing, the course of action of what injury can happen. We're not invincible."
Dillon agreed.
"You get numb to it a little bit because people just jump out of the cars," Dillon said. "You just kind of say, 'It's (a crash is) safe enough, you're just going to be a little sore the next day.' Then, you watch how long it took Ryan to get out, the amount of people it took to get him out and the safety workers doing their job, it definitely makes you think differently about it, for sure. The 'it can happen.' You never think about that, but it's like man, you can actually get hurt."
They will race as scheduled Sunday — NASCAR raced seven days after Earnhardt's sport-changing fatality — and each driver will have to process their emotions individually. Dillon recalled racing a week after his 2015 crash at Daytona.
"We put ourselves in that situation knowing what we're getting ourselves into," Dillon said. "I know that when I went to Kentucky the next week, I just got in there and ran. I wasn't sore, I was ready. The only thing I had done during the week was talk more about it. It's part of what we do as race car drivers and I think that's why people come watch us. We do put our lives on the line for this stuff. It's engaging for the fans to see. It's dangerous and that's a part of it, it's a part of the sport."
Busch, who missed 11 races as he healed from his injuries, didn't have it so easy upon his return.
"It was tough for me. I was out for a while," he said. "And then getting back in the car ... you certainly have some of that in the back of your mind to start with and to get back in. 'Man, if I get back in and crash right away, is that going to end it all over again.'"
Busch even likened it to the anti-hero Rowdy Burns from "Days of Thunder." Busch considers himself to be a living version of the Burns character and his nickname is "Rowdy."
"It's kind of the Rowdy Burns aspect - he was out with a head injury and they said you can never race again and if you ever race again, you'll probably die," Busch said. "You kind of think of those situations, but you try to put it out of the back of your mind as much as possible and just get out there and do your job. It took me five weeks to get back into the circle of things and be able to win again."
Newman's return to racing is an open question and Roush Fenway is not scheduled to give an update until before Sunday's race. But several drivers have either spoken with him briefly or exchanged texts and said Newman's wit remained intact.
"I texted him and said, 'I knew it wasn't your neck that broke. I don't think you could do that,'" said Joey Logano. "We have a neck joke going back and forth because I've got a long one and he's got none. We had a good joke about that at least, so his sense of humor still seems to be there."


Getting a large order can be a blessing – or a curse – for a product wholesaler. If your company can afford to buy goods from a supplier and wait until the client pays, you will certainly benefit from fulfilling the order. On the other hand, if your company does not have sufficient funds, you will need to decline the order.
By declining the order, you will most likely lose the client as well. For many wholesalers, declining an order is not an acceptable option. Fortunately, there is an alternative.
One alternative that can help you navigate this situation is a tool known as purchase order financing. This solution can help you if you have a large purchase order from a creditworthy client and need funds to pay your suppliers. PO financing works by using a purchase order funding company to handle your supplier payments, which enables you to fulfill the order. The transaction settles once your client receives the goods and pays for them.
Purchase order financing has three important benefits that differentiate it from other options. First, qualifying for this program is comparatively easy. You should work with creditworthy clients, have reliable suppliers, and have experience in your industry. Second, the line can handle large transactions – depending on the risk profile of the transaction.
Lastly, the line can grow with your company. This growth potential makes PO financing a flexible solution for companies that are on a growth path and need immediate funding.
Purchase order financing works only if you are reselling finished goods. As such, your company must buy goods from its supplier and resell them without modification. Some minor modifications, such as packaging changes, may be allowed.
Lastly, this solution works only with transactions that have a gross profit margin of 20% or more – for several reasons. First, purchase order funding can be expensive, especially compared to a line of credit. High margins help ensure that you keep a substantial part of the profit. Second, these transaction are seen as riskier than conventional business financing options. A large profit margin provides a cushion to you and the factor in case some product is returned or is defective.
We are a leading purchase order financing company in Canada and can provide you with competitive terms. For more information, get an online quote or call (877) 300 3258.


Vehicle package is getting ever tighter. We can accommodate even complex powertrains in a small installation space.
Numerous projects with various manufacturers have already demonstrated that we can reliably accommodate even complex powertrains in a vehicle's package. We have also gathered much experience with hybrid vehicles over recent years where space comes at a particular premium on account of additional components, such as battery and power electronics. Additional components for modern exhaust-gas aftertreatment systems or roll stabilizer, for example, limit space further.
Using state-of-the-art CAD tools and product-data management systems, we produce three-dimensional digital concepts of the modules that need to be integrated. Proceeding from these digital mock-ups (DMU), we can determine where components collide with package boundaries and find appropriate module variants.
Our expertise puts us in a position to find the right space for any component. Our experts coordinate their work closely with their colleagues from other IAV departments, such as the pollutant systems, hybridization and base engine specialists. It is only this understanding of all systems that produces optimum solutions.
Your request regarding the topic Geometric Functional Integration will be sent directly to the responsible department.


text:
Trump Signs Executive Order to Address Flaws in Kidney Transplant Process, Says the Change Will Save Lives
by Madison Dibble July 10, 2019, 3:11 pm 20 Votes 1 Comment
President Donald Trump is hoping that his latest executive order will make the lives of Americans suffering from kidney disease a little bit easier.
According to the Kidney Fund, one in 10 Americans suffers from some form of kidney disease and it is the ninth leading cause of death for Americans. The current system of organ donations — which are necessary for some suffering with kidney disease — leaves many Americans dependent on dialysis treatments while waiting on a transplant.
Trump, along with Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar, announced their executive efforts to increase the availability of organ transplants. Additionally, the executive order urges dialysis centers to provide in-home care, to ease the burden on those waiting for their own transplant.
The president noted that he understands that dialysis is a "full-time job." He hopes new process for organ donations and at-home treatments will simplify the lives of Americans suffering from kidney disease.
Watch Trump's comments:
Across America, 37 million patients suffer from chronic kidney disease and over 726,000 have end-stage renal disease.
"We are fighting by your side and we are determined to get you the best treatment anywhere in the world . . . we are with you every step of the way." pic.twitter.com/3dBZLeo8aO
— The White House (@WhiteHouse) July 10, 2019
"For these patients, their loved ones, and for the impacted — all those impacted by kidney disease — I'm here to say: We are fighting by your side, and we're determined to get you the best treatment anywhere in the world. And we've made a lot of progress."
In order to increase the supply of organ donations, President Trump's executive order also provided incentives to those who chose to donate, including "reimbursement for extra expenses associated with organ donation, such as lost wages and childcare."
Additionally, Trump's order streamlines the process of getting the organ to the patient as soon as it is available so that precious time is not wasted. The president estimated that, between kidney and heart transplants, as many as 28,000 lives.
Watch Trump's full speech:
My Administration is taking groundbreaking action to bring new hope to millions of Americans suffering from kidney disease. Today I signed an Executive Order, Advancing American Kidney Health…https://t.co/tAlFdDSTUU
Beyond the other components of the executive order, Trump vowed that he would encourage private-public partnerships to expand research into kidney disease in hopes that they could create an artificial kidney.
"We are going to prioritize a truly transformative goal: the development of an artificial kidney," Trump announced, later adding, "This is a first, second, and third step; it's more than just a first step. But we're going to come up with solutions that, over a period of 5 years and 10 years."
donald trumpHealth care
Dave Hardesty
Mr. President. While the Kidney Transplant issue is a serious problem could you please do something about the Veteran's Community Care program so that Vets don't have to travel hundreds of miles and wait months between appointments to get the medical care we were promised when we enlisted and served our nation honorably. The medical treatment isn't bad and not the problem it's the Bureaucratic Administrative Red Tape that is the problem. In my particular instance I have been waiting for my only available appointment for two months before I can even get a referral for treatment for my exposure,… Read more »
DC Mayor Says Trump's July 4 Bash, Protests Drained Local Government's Security Funds
Cheney Shreds Ocasio-Cortez for Her 'Stunning' Call to 'Get Rid' of the Department of Homeland Security
Facebook to Face More Scrutiny from Congress on Libra
Allen Zabel on U.S. Judge Blasts Drug Lord El Chapo's 'Overwhelming Evil,' Imposes Life Sentence
Marsha on 'There Is a Crisis in Queens, and It's Called AOC': GOP Challenger Enters 2020 Race to Unseat Ocasio-Cortez
nickname on Kennedy Blasts AOC and Her Squad as Being the 'Reason There are Directions' on Shampoo Bottles
Patty Dougherty on Kennedy Blasts AOC and Her Squad as Being the 'Reason There are Directions' on Shampoo Bottles
registered 3 days, 17 hours ago


So far SustainableCoral has created 3 entries.
The Pacific Precious Coral Forum, which is taking place February 17-18 in the Taiwanese capital, has drawn together government officials, scientists and members of the fishing and jewellery industries from Taiwan, Japan, China, Hong Kong, Thailand, Morocco, Italy and Monaco. It is focused on the biology of precious coral and the sustainable use of resources, through academic research, management methods and fishery techniques. The forum is co-organized by the Taiwanese Fisheries Agency and Council of Agriculture, together with the Taiwan Precious Coral Association, with the support of the Taiwan Jewellery Industry Association.
A Precious Coral Working Group was created within CIBJO in 2012, and Dr Cavalieri proposed that it be elevated to the status of a full CIBJO Commission, which would be charged with creating a set of international accepted standards and nomenclature, within the framework of a new CIBJO Blue Book. The president of the Precious Coral Working Group, Enzo Liverino, also participated in the forum.
"Clear, reasonable and internationally accepted standards need to be established that will decide what treatments and enhancements must be disclosed each time a gem changes hands. Furthermore, the method of disclosure needs to be decided so that it will means the same thing in Asia, as it means in Europe, the Americas and Africa," the CIBJO President continued.
"The creation of such system would ideally be done by a committee of industry experts, and from our perspective the right forum would be a Precious Coral Commission working within the CIBJO framework. It would be able to make decisions that receive automatic international acceptance," Dr Cavalieri said.
The CIBJO's president's proposal was received warmly by attendees at the Pacific Precious Coral Forum, and was supported by Ming-Li Hung, President of the Taiwan Jewellery Industry Association, who agreed to seek full membership as a national association in CIBJO, and work toward the establishment of the CIBJO Precious Coral Commission at the upcoming CIBJO Congress in Moscow, which will take place May 19-21, 2014.
Coral reefs are the most diverse of all marine ecosystems. For more information on the lifecycle of coral and coral reefs see here.
Interesting article from Ocean Health Index about corals as gifts.


text:
Ye suspended from Instagram again after post about 'Jewish business people'
Posted on 3 months ago by admin
Instagram has suspended the rapper and fashion designer formerly known as Kanye West from its platform again due to another post targeting the Jewish community.
NBC News reported on Monday that the troubled musician, who legally changed his name to "Ye" last year, posted his Instagram suspension notification to Parler, a social media platform popular among conservatives that he announced plans to acquire earlier this month.
Ye had tried to post to Instagram a text message exchange with Russell Simmons, the co-founder of hip-hop record label Def Jam Recordings, where Simmons encouraged him to "leave this fight and strategize" and "rebuild your biz."
In response, Ye texted Simmons a disparaging remark about "Jewish business people."
Def Jam Recordings, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group, had previously announced that West and his music label venture, GOOD Music, is no longer affiliated with them, ending their partnership with the rapper last year.
Ye added in his post that he was kicked off Instagram for 30 days after posting the image on his account.
A Meta spokesperson confirmed to NBC News that it has deleted Ye's account from its platform due to violating the company's policies.
Major firms and organizations including Gap, Adidas, Balenciaga, Foot Locker, CAA and Vogue have recently ended their business partnerships with the "All Falls Down" singer in response to previous antisemitic remarks.
Ye recently tweeted that he planned to go "death con 3 on JEWISH PEOPLE" and accused hip-hop mogul Sean "Diddy" Combs of being controlled by Jews. Twitter has temporarily restricted Ye's account.
Star athletes Aaron Donald and Jaylen Brown also announced their departure from Ye's upstart sports marketing agency, Donda Sports.
Ye, who apologized for making the antisemitic remarks, had been allowed back on Instagram only a few days ago, poking fun at the loss of his established partnerships, saying, "I lost 2 billion dollars in one day and I'm still alive."
Source: Rocky Mountain News
Posted in NewsTagged #backtheblue
Previous article Seth Rich, Harvey Weinstein and Donald Trump walk into a bar …
Next article Politicians react to attack on Paul Pelosi


Rick "Rozay" Ross is known for his big presence and personality. What's better than those? A big masquerade party. The now 41-year-old showed off his class and cash when he threw a huge party at his mansion in Georgia. Stars from all over the music industry showed up, and even some people that might surprise you.
Rick Ross had some big names with him for his party, different hip-hop artists like YG, Bib Boi, Jeezy, Usher, Curren$y, 21 Savage, Young Dolph, and plenty others were at the celebrity filled event. Rick Ross even got Henry "Hank" Johnson, the U.S. Representative for Georgia's 4th congressional district, to come to the party. Now that's some star power.
Even Wale and Meek Mill were there, and those two don't have the best history of getting along. Apparently, the two made peace at the party after their Twitter beef that goes all the way back to 2014. So Rick Ross was able to both celebrate his birthday in crazy style, and make peace between some mutual friends all at the same time.
The rapper out of Mississippi hosted his masquerade ball at his humongous mansion in Georgia. Not only is it a huge mansion, but it's also the biggest private residence in all of Georgia. Just looking at it in pictures you can tell that it's worth quite a pretty penny.


Draw Signature to draw your signature with your computer's mouse; Import File to use an image with your signature on it; Paste from Clipboard; Type Signature; 11. When you're finished typing, drawing or adding your signature, you click on Save. 12. Now drag your signature to the signature field (line) (often indicated with Sign Here) of your form or document. 13. Click on Apply All Signatures... Get a transparent .png signature image to use in Google Docs, Word, your email account, etc.
You can tab lines, draw lines, or insert border lines across a Microsoft Word document page. If the intent is to type on the lines, use border lines to place multiple lines on a Word document. If the lines will be filled in after the Word document is printed, it's easiest to set a tab where you want the line to start then set another tab where you want the line to end. Other quicker line... Click where you would like the signature then select Insert > Signature Line (Text group). The prompts will take you through the process of assigning a digital signature. A digital signature is a security layer.
You can draw a line underneath your name if you wish also. The key is to practice writing it. Once you make your signature look the way you want, keep writing it until you can do it the same every time. how to build a resume on word Get a transparent .png signature image to use in Google Docs, Word, your email account, etc.
Get a transparent .png signature image to use in Google Docs, Word, your email account, etc.
You can draw a line underneath your name if you wish also. The key is to practice writing it. Once you make your signature look the way you want, keep writing it until you can do it the same every time.
Click where you would like the signature then select Insert > Signature Line (Text group). The prompts will take you through the process of assigning a digital signature. A digital signature is a security layer.


AgitarOne 5.5 with native Maven integration has arrived this month as a Java testing solution that includes direct integration with the Maven build lifecycle to perform product tasks including JUnit generation, agitation, code rules checking, and reporting.
NOTE: "Software Agitation" refers to the process of exercising code by automatically creating dynamic test cases, synthesizing sets of variable input data against such test cases, and analyzing the results. "Agitation" is said to provide an interactive understanding of code behavior as a developer writes or modifies Java classes or methods.
The new Maven integration avoids the configuration and required maintenance of a separate Ant configuration in addition to the Maven Project Object Model (POM).
"Native Maven integration is one of the more popular enhancement requests that we have gotten from our customers and the Java development community," said Dale Brenneman, Agitar's VP of Technology. "Set up, everyday use, and reporting have become much easier for those already using AgitarOne and Maven, enabling them to accomplish much more in less time. Maven users who have not yet tried AgitarOne will want to try this new version to take advantage of the advanced automated JUnit Generation and our software agitation that they cannot get elsewhere."
The new native Maven integration is built with what the firm describes as a "direct method" for setting up AgitarOne to perform any or all tasks, including generating JUnit tests and dashboard reporting.
AgitarOne dependencies and plugins are declared by the user in the Maven POM (Project Object Model). The plugins provide compatibility with the Maven lifecycle and Agitar-specific tasks such as agitation or code rule checking can be attached as goals for Maven to run at certain lifecycle phases.
NOTE: AgitarOne goals for Maven can also be configured for use within Continuous Integration tools, including Jenkins.
For multi-module projects, the AgitarOne Maven plugins support parent-level generation of the Agitar Virtual Dashboard and Project Summary reports.


text:
You Say Vageena, I Say Vagina
Last week in Michigan, State Rep. Lisa Brown (D-West) was barred from speaking on the floor of the State House–until further notice–after she said the word "vagina". Vagina. The house speaker who banned her claimed she violated decorum by her choice of words. One of the most immediate—and correct—criticisms of this event is by Representative Brown herself, who said, "If they're going to legislate my anatomy, I see no reason why I cannot say it." But the issues that surround the ban for saying "vagina" are more complex than just whether or not the word can be spoken civilly and with tact. That answer is simple: Of course it can. It's not a slang term, it's not a pejorative. It's the legitimate clinical name for a part of the female reproductive system, and it's had to endure a lot lately.
Instinctively we recognize that we are all greater than the sum of our parts. We know that there is more to being a man than having a penis, and that the vagina does not make the woman. But the biological demarcation of gender is one of the primary ways in which we identify ourselves and each other in our society. One of the first questions asked on forms we fill out is whether we are male or female. One of the first ways we get divided in school is by gender. Even our infant toys and clothes are gender-specific and highlight what we see as "normal" outward manifestations of our biological sex characteristics. We may not think the actual phrase, "Oh, she's a woman and therefore, she has a vagina," but we know it, we understand it, and we base many of our interactions on our assumptions of gender identity.
And identity matters.
While Majority Floor leader Jim Stamas (R-Midland) said Brown violated "decorum" but has declined to elaborate further, Representative Mike Calton, another member of the House, said, "What she said was offensive," and that "It was so offensive, I don't even want to say it in front of women. I would not say that in mixed company."
*sigh* Really? Can someone please install a fainting couch in the Michigan State House? Because it looks like the menfolk are fixin' to have a swoon.
Here's the problem: vaginas and their use (or misuse, as some may see it) are being legislated about all the time. Abortion, premarital sex, the "age of consent", access to birth control, condoms in the school, rape legislation, these all center around what goes on inside a vagina. Representative Brown said "vagina" during a debate about abortion which, like it or not, inherently involves vaginas. And no matter how you feel about abortion, you have to understand that it's going to primarily affect women, and women are classified as women (legally, in a hospital, at birth, unless they've had gender reassignment surgery—which leads to a whole other host of legal concerns) because they have vaginas. Saying the word isn't going to hurt anyone. It's not like yelling "Vagina!" in a crowded movie theater will cause mass panic, possible property damage, or death, though it may cause some confusion. And to think that you can't say the word "vagina" in front of women is infantilizing for everyone involved. What are these guys, eight years old? Are ladies going to giggle and hide because you're publicly talking about their ladyzones? This is how you act on a playground, not in a legislative arena.
It's this playground mentality that delegitimizes any poorly-balanced leg the anti-vagina contingent thinks they can stand on. First and foremost, sticking your fingers in your ears and humming loudly does not dismiss the existence of vaginas or the very real needs of the people who have them, no matter how much you might hope otherwise. Neither does bullying your adversary into silence. And clutching your pearls and swooning because you're incapable of saying the word "vagina" doesn't change the social reality that this is a part of womanhood. Ladies aren't comprised of lacy collars and high heels and floral scented body lotion and an anatomically smooth and undefined nether region. Remember, with their pants off, Barbie and Ken are practically identical. But men and women? We are not the same. When you are sworn into office as a representative, you swear to represent the entirety of your constituency and unless you're the representative from Barbie-and-Kenville, part of that constituency will involve vaginas and the people who sport them.
Consider the other ways we socially identify—consider race, for example, since that's another cultural marker that's present at birth. If members of the Michigan State Legislature were to faint away should another member said, during a debate, "Look, my skin is black, and this thing we're debating about profoundly effects me, and not in an abstract way," we wouldn't expect that member of the legislature to get banned. We wouldn't expect the Speaker to get all "I'm not hearing you! Lalalalala!" by pointing out that there may be different perspectives held by people with other cultural backgrounds, which should be taken into consideration by the officials elected to represent said diverse members of the constituency. And if he or she did, we would (rightly) expect the ground to open up and swallow the Speaker for his or her reprehensible behavior. Yet the vagina warrants a muzzle on the basis of decorum. Indeed.
What it boils down to is this: he didn't like her argument, it made him uncomfortable. Because she's vagina-bearing and identified by said vagina, and the word is indecorous and therefore dismissable, she became dismissable. This? Is not acceptable. Not for adults, not for debates, and certainly not for legislators who orchestrate bills that can effect…oh…the entire population of the state of Michigan which, according to census information, is somewhere around 9,876,187. Roughly half of all Michiganders have vaginas. Ladies, don't let yourselves get overlooked.
Remember, this ultimately isn't a debate about abortion, even though that's what brought about the vagina talk in the first place. This is a public statement on the nature of debate and the creation of policy. If you're OK with legislators being shut down because they try to have a dialogue that represents the reality of women's issues, if you're OK with being dismissed because you have a body part that is viewed as a shameful thing that can't be discussed in mixed company, then please, stay seated and continue to do nothing. But if you're tired of having to apologize for your vagina and want it to be recognized as a legitimate and healthy thing that does not brook dismissal, then take action. Support Representative Brown. Find like-minded people and support them. And never, ever, ever allow the bully in the room to shut down a conversation because it makes them uncomfortable. When we step outside our comfort zones, growth happens. So get comfortable with the idea of being uncomfortable, and repeat after me:
Vagina, vagina, vagina!
You can also find this post and others not-quite-like-it at http://sacredvillage.org/author/tpetersen/ (and yes, I know the web guy spelled my last name wrong, OK?)
Tags: Blatant stupidity, Culture, Moral Bankruptcy, politics, Women's issues
10 responses to You Say Vageena, I Say Vagina
Johna Till Johnson
That's hilarious! Except, well, it's not. But still….VAGINA!
Yes! Say it, sister!
I wish that when she said "vagina", that Calton would have said, "penis", then she would have said, "vagina" then he would have said "penis" then she would have said "VAGINA" and so on. PENIS VAGINAPENISVAGINAPENISVAGINA. (Sounds like my kids). This is why when one wants to make a point, it is best to err on the side of propriety. She should have said, "lady parts" so he couldn't shut her down. Though I'm all for a snaffoo painting a republican in a chauvinist light, so it all worked out for the best.
All joking aside, "lady parts" is way too casual for a legislative debate. "Vagina" is within the bounds of propriety. That's my point, and hers…at least it's hers as I see it.
I'm partial to "lady bits", myself.
But all this just made me think of the Victorian age when women didn't have legs, they had LIMBS. Because legs made one thing of… gasp! The shapely turn of an ankle, and all the erotic images pertaining thereto…..
Lady bits, lady parts, ladyzones. Cute in a bar, ambiguous and not so funny when the determination of law is concerned. *sigh* Just makes me angry.
All hail the misunderstood VAGINA! I love your wicked tongue.
Kidding aside, the marginalizing of women in current discourse is alarming and very well orchestrated. The erosion of women's rights are slowly being nibbled away with quiet battles that no one pays any attention to. Maybe it's because there is just so MUCH shit going on that it's hard to keep your eyes on all the peas.
Glad you spoke up; let's hear it for a collective stink eye directed squarely at Stamos/Calton !
Entirely with you; I'm increasingly alarmed by how well orchestrated it seems to be. But as I said to a friend of mine recently, we need to start behaving as though someone else can't take our away, and believing they can't be taken away, and stop ASKING to not have them taken away, and take steps to make sure they're not taken away. It's not a question of whether or not you support abortion rights; that's just one of the messiest issues that's one of the easiest to divert attention towards, in the bigger struggle towards protection of rights. Ladies gotta make a stand.
So has anyone Ever said the word "penis" on the Michigan State House floor? If so, I think a discrimination and sexual harrassment lawsuit is in order? Pink slips all around!
Well, that is part of the bigger question, isn't it? Short answer: I don't know. Longer answer, probably, but I currently don't have any evidence to support my suppositions.


text:
Remove this filter Infectious disease: Influenza
Remove this filter Country: Asia
Avian influenza virus (13)
Zoonotic influenza (13)
Influenza in humans, avian origin (12)
Influenza A(H7N9) virus (12)
Influenza in humans, swine origin (11)
Avian influenza in humans (11)
Influenza A (H9N2) (11)
Public health response (1)
Control campaign (1)
Southeastern Asia (1)
Epidemiological update (16)
Epidemiological update: A(H7N9) influenza virus, China, 19 December 2013
Epidemiological update - 19 Dec 2013
In March 2013, Chinese authorities announced the identification of a novel reassortant A(H7N9) avian influenza virus in patients in eastern China.
Influenza A(H7N9) virus
Influenza in humans, avian origin
Epidemiological update A(H7N9) influenza, 6 February 2014
Epidemiological update - 6 Feb 2014
In March 2013, Chinese authorities announced the identification of a novel reassortant A(H7N9) influenza virus in patients in eastern China. Since then, human cases have continued to be reported, and as of 7 February 2014 (Figure 1), there have been 308 laboratory-confirmed cases: Zhejiang (122), Guangdong (54), Shanghai (42), Jiangsu (36), Fujian (19), Hunan (7), Jiangxi (5), Henan (4), Anhui (4) ,Beijing (3), Shandong (2), Hebei (1), Guangxi (2), Guizhou (1), Hong Kong (4) and Taiwan (2). In addition, the virus has been detected in one asymptomatic case in Beijing.
Public health response
Epidemiological update: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
Epidemiological update - 30 Sep 2014
On 29 September, the Austrian Department of Health reported a confirmed case of MERS-CoV infection in a citizen of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia recently arrived in Austria.
Epidemiological update: MERS-CoV case imported to Turkey, 21 October 2014
Epidemiological update - 21 Oct 2014
On 18 October 2014, the Ministry of Health Turkey reported that a Turkish citizen working in Saudi Arabia died on 11 October 2014, ten days after onset of a confirmed MERS-CoV infection.
Epidemiological update: Human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus, China
Epidemiological update - 11 Feb 2015
On 4 February 2015, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) of China notified WHO of 83 additional laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus. Onset dates ranged from 20 December 2014 to 27 January 2015.
Epidemiological update - 17 Jun 2015
Since the last epidemiological update on 15 June 2015, 25 additional cases and seven deaths in previously reported cases have been reported in South Korea. Health authorities in Thailand reported their first MERS-CoV case.
Recent upsurge of A(H7N9) cases in China, updated rapid risk assessment
News - 29 Jan 2017
A steep increase of human cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) has been reported since the beginning of December 2016 from China. At present, the most immediate threat to EU citizens is to those living or visiting influenza A(H7N9)-affected areas in China concludes the updated rapid risk assessment.
Epidemiological update: Seven new confirmed cases of novel influenza A virus, A(H7N9) in China, 5 April 2013
Epidemiological update - 5 Apr 2013
Since the last epidemiological update of 3 April, seven additional cases including two fatalities were reported by Chinese authorities. For the first time a child, aged four years, was reported.
Epidemiological update: Novel influenza A virus A(H7N9) in China
As of 8 April 2013, 24 human cases of infection with influenza A(H7N9) virus have been reported in four provinces of China: Shanghai (11), Anhui (2), Jiangsu (8) and Zhejiang (3). Of these patients, seven people have died, fourteen show severe and three mild symptoms.
Epidemiological update of 10 April: novel influenza A virus A(H7N9) in China
As of 9 April 2013, 26 human cases of infection with influenza A(H7N9) virus have been reported in four provinces of China: Shanghai (13), Jiangsu (8), Zhejiang (3) and Anhui (2). Of these patients, 8 people have died, 15 are severe cases and 3 are mild cases. No epidemiological link has been identified among cases.


The Eternal World Championship tournament boasts a prize pool of $100,000.
Dire Wolf Digital has announced the Eternal World Championship tournament, a season of play for the digital card game that will culminate in a tournament with a $100,000 prize pool.
Dire Wolf Digital has several fingers in the digital card game pot. Previously, it helped Bethesda develop The Elder Scrolls: Legends, but that torch has since been passed to Sparkypants Studios. It also did a lot of work on the online version of the Pokemon Trading Card Game. The team even has a couple tabletop games to its name as well, such as the deckbuilder Clank! and the tile-laying Lanterns.
Eternal is Dire Wolf's first original digital card game, and it finds itself amongst heavy competition from the likes of Legends, Gwent, the upcoming Artifact, and the ever-popular Hearthstone. The latter can be seen at the top of Twitch's most-watched channels almost daily, and boasts an average viewership of over 30,000 a week, compared to Eternal's 300. If Dire Wolf Digital wants to make an impact on the digital card game esports scene, it will have to pull out all the stops.


Deluxe faux snakeskin purse with popper flap fastener to reveal clasp and zip fasteners in subtle gold. A great purse to store all your cards and money. Various Tan Brown colour tones and textures add an extra touch of wow.