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estuarine fishes examples
High river discharge Stableisotopeanalysis . Connectivity and Estuaries: Historically, estuarine fisheries biology has focused on the theme of estuarine dependency, with an emphasis on microhabitat use. Growth of first generation mysids can also be evaluated by measuring total length and/or dry weight at test termination. Ontogenetic • Different types of associations of fishes with Estuarine fishes as physiological models 5.1 Fundulus heteroclitus 5.2 Oreochromis niloticus 5.3 Tolerance vs. Acclimation 5.4 Genomics and proteomics 6. (k) Estuarine migrant Semi-anadromous For example, the first lineage, recently revised by van der Meulen et al. At sunrise, they follow the same course, returning to the highly conserved aggregation sites. B. Anderson, B. Phillips, in Marine Ecotoxicology, 2016. The test is terminated following evaluation of reproductive success and survival of the F1 generation. Macondo oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. fish and shellfish species harvest'ed in u.s. commercial and recreational fisheries. Examples are the northern killifish and tropical Nile tilapia. than larger, moreresident individuals, restored oyster reef habitat may beexpected to primarily benefit larger spotted seatrout. brooders - deltas Marine influence Ecologically, the core species are associated with the estuarine habitat and the occasional species with different habitats. These movements do not result in displacement outside the fish's normal home range and may be considered 'commutes' rather than true migrations. composition of fish fauna Large tidal range Joseph Zydlewski, Michael P. Wilkie, in Fish Physiology, 2012. Trophic levels among estuarine fishes 4.4.1 Herbivorous fishes 4.4 Partial herbivores Herbivorous for part of life history Obtaining most of nutrition from plants 4.4.2 Iliophagous fishes 4.4.3 Meiofauna feeders 4.4.4 Macrobenthos feeders 4.4.5 Plankton feeders … • Affected by river (2005). – Habitat types Magurran (2007) discussed the importance of the temporal factors when investigating species abundances. Magurran and Henderson (2003) argue that "Explanations of species abundance distributions cannot … be divorced from biology," and neither can residence time of community members, as we will argue further in the next section. discharge and wind Moon Reef (HMR), arecently restored oyster reef in MatagordaBay, Texas. 2000 Types of estuaries • Estuarine coastal waters Intertidal and estuarine fishes stand out among euryhaline fishes because of their physiological plasticity in response to frequent salinity changes and other environmental challenges, including polar ice and tropical heat. - sand barriers • Fish are adapted to deal with dynamic turbidity In this test, mysid neonates develop into sexually mature adults between 10 and 12 days, at which time, females develop brood sacs (marsupia). estuarine fishes: (a) marine straggler; This book is lavishly illustrated with case studies, data and figures from tropical areas worldwide, and hence there is much of general value for fish … It was believed that the disease was imported from SE Asia in shipments of infected fish, possibly ornamental angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare), some of which were ulcerated and had suffered high mortalities (Balasuriya, 1994). The fossil rodent transients have been related to ephemeral late successional habitats, while the residents are adapted to the prevalent conditions during the Miocene in Spain. marine migrants form sea (marine spawners) This test is initiated with 7-day-old preadult mysid neonates (adults usually provided by commercial suppliers or through in-house cultures) and incorporates survival, growth, and fecundity endpoints. These studies are based on comparisons of Pleistocene community compositions with a far greater resolution than the fossil rodent study from which the residence groups were derived. acoustic taggingtechniquesto examinespatial andtemporal patterns of habitat useof spottedseatrout Cynoscion nebulosusonHalf Acoustictelemetry . Striped mullet The diversity and complexity of estuarine ecosystems is vital to the overall health of Puget Sound. – Overfishing – changes in age/size structure small Nadgee Lake, Australia Coastal Lakes/Lagoons Four of the six most persistent lineages (>5.0 in Fig. Coastal and estuarine fishes exhibit a wide array of migratory behaviors, including migratory circuits between wintering areas, feeding areas (and refuges), and spawning areas similar to the patterns described for the pelagic fishes. It was perhaps before any outbreak had occurred in the mainland of the Indian subcontinent (Costa and Wijeyaratne, 1989). Food web interactions over space and time Yanez-Arancibilia et al. In addition, Hunt et al. (b) freshwater straggler; (c) marine Neomysis mercedis, another west coast mysid, can be substituted in tests conducted at lower salinities (ASTM, 2008b). The relative abundance and residence times of the Miocene rodents of Spain are correlated, and the residence-time distributions shows gaps (Fig. Diadromous fishes are particularly dependent on estuarine areas, the brackish areas linking freshwater rivers and saltwater environments. combination of anthropogenic alterations to coastal habitat and Aerial stranding and semi-terrestrial living stress respiratory, osmoregulatory, and acid–base systems, requiring large coping capabilities. This "correlation between orbital configurations, climatic events and rodent turnover strongly suggests that the latter is controlled by astronomically forced climate change" (van Dam et al., 2006, p. 690). Gunter (1967) traces this idea to work on blue crabs on the Atlantic coast of the United States (Hay 1905), penaeid shrimp on the Gulf of Mexico coast, and finfi… Reef fishes often have very precise diel and seasonal alimentary migrations, and regimented gametic migrations. Magurran and Henderson (2003) studied a 21-year dataset from an estuarine fish community, and demonstrated that commonness and rarity of the species is related to their permanence in the assemblage. The sea-snail (Liparis liparis), a confusingly named marine fish, lives 1 year but has a highly regimented migration pattern (Henderson and Holmes, 1990). This test is initiated with mysid neonates aged 3–4 days old, which are released from adult mysids collected from the field. As with Aphanomyces piscicida, the pathogenic RSD-Aphanomyces has been shown to be the same species as the EUS pathogen Aphanomyces invadans (Callinan et al., 1995a; Lilley et al., 1997a,b). Low river discharge MARB 311 What is an estuary? ... For example, catches of bream, sand whiting and mullet were related to the length and drop of haul nets, and similarly to fishing time, mesh size, net length and drop of … provide a range of ecosystem services, from increased species Grabowski and Peterson 2007; Beck et al. Subsequently, Callinan et al. 4; Hordijk, 2010), similar to the results of Magurran and Henderson (2003). migrant; (d) catadromous; (e) anadromous; (f) semi-catadromous; (g) migration Blaber 2000 Water movement The following examples illustrate the declines in major groups of organisms: Rotifers are microscopic zooplankton species that feed on algae. Ultrastructural examination of fish gills and skin showed that the low pH and increased concentrations of monomeric aluminum (which are indications of estuarine acidifications) might induce significant lesion formation in fishes (Sammut et al., 1996). Because of size differences between male and female mysids, sex-specific growth is determined. • Estuaries serve a nursery function for juveniles midlevel carnivores shallow water pelagic benthic omnivore pelagic Catadromous • Most common type Thus, the model predicts a tendency for generalists to show little or no evolutionary change. With growth, the juveniles egress to intermediate patch reefs before ultimately migrating to adult habitats. the study of estuarine fish and are conse quently able to present an authoritative stattment on South African estuaries, their importance to fishes and the need for greater attention to be given to their conservation. A fungus of the genus Aphanomyces was isolated from diseased fish by Fraser et al. N. mercedis has been demonstrated to be useful in fresh and brackish water ambient monitoring studies where receiving water conductivities are beyond the range tolerated by other crustacea such as cladocerans (Finlayson et al., 1991; Hunt et al., 1999). • Estuaries produce high fish biomass (f) Figure 1 Life cycle categories of In this test, five mysids per replicate test container are exposed to test solutions, and survival is recorded daily. (2005) adopted the neutral theory (Hubbell, 2001) as the null hypothesis to evaluate community similarities. (j) Estuarine resident Snakeheads with large necrotic ulcers were the most visible signs of the disease, but tilapia, the main commercial species, was not affected. • Relatively • Very common type in Gulf of Mexico – Agricultural – freshwater extraction, conversion of Elliot et al. The USA, for example, has almost 1000 freshwater fishes (including non-native species).. Tectonic: Tectonic estuaries are coastal indentations due to faulting and subsidence. However, in aquarium trials, RSD was subsequently induced in fishes exposed to Aphanomyces spores sublethally to artificially acidified water at a pH value of both 3 and 5, as well as at low concentrations of monomeric aluminum (Callinan et al., 1996; Callinan, 1997). Pillard et al. of estuarine and coastal ecosystems. While the last often dominate the assemblages, the first do not in spite of their long persistence. • The estuarine environment is mainly utilized Freshwater Fishes . • Complex interacting physical & biological factors determine 11-18) Amphidromous How did diadromous fish migraton evolve? Gross et al. Strong coastal currents Blaber (2000) Effects of structure and hydrology 6.6). She also predicted that the abundances on accurrence of occasional species are related to neutral processes, meanwhile the core species are dependant on biological mechanisms. Introduction / M. Elliott --Habitat use by fishes in estuaries and other brackish areas / L. Pihl [and others] --Recruitment and production of commercial species in estuaries / M.J. Costa [and others] --Links between fish and other trophic levels / M. Elliott [and others] --Endangered and rare species / M. Costello, M. Elliott, and R. Thiel --Estuarine … – Current speed and direction-selective tidal stream (e) Anadromous • Thisstudy combinednovel, non-lethal natural tracers of trophic ecology with They are one of the first links in estuarine food chains and are often important as food for larval fishes. The ephemeral conditions have to be taken in the context of evolutionary time: the transient residence times vary between 0.02 and 1.55 My. Devashish Kar, in Epizootic Ulcerative Fish Disease Syndrome, 2016. Large-scale and local climate patterns are known to influence several aspects of the life cycle of marine fish. If indeedsmaller fishwithdecreasedresidency rely uponawider rangeof prey itemsacrossmultiplehabitats – Amount and seasonal distribution of rainfall (1988), and life history and ecological descriptions are provided in Rodgers et al. transport induced turbulence The second cricetid lineage needs further revision. and freshwater Case-study: Seatrout Linking Habitat Use and Trophic Ecology of Spotted Seatrout It is within the estuaries that diadromous species make the physiological adjustments necessary for transitioning between fresh and salt water. 5. the occurrence, distribution and movement of fish – Type 1 vs type 2 Fish fauna of (sub)tropical estuaries 1994 Estuariesand Coasts – Stenohaline What then are the causes and consequences of estuarine … These remarkable fish may undergo daily fluctuations in salinity, from near FW to full-strength SW as the tide ebbs (Griffith, 1974). shore Spawn 1989 Turbidity trophic ecology of aspecies andtheir useof ahabitat. Tokeshi (1999) correctly notes that community persistence (and resistance and resilience) depends on the definition of a community one adopts, and that, therefore, there is "no universal formula for assessing community persistence" (p. 354). Standardized test protocols have been developed with several other mysid species. Seniority refers to the tendency that during episodes of community member loss later arrivals (transients) are the first to disappear, while residents are preferentially retained and continue the community. The following fall, sea-snails leave the estuaries on a gametic return migration to coastal spawning areas with the specific habitats (demersal hydroids) necessary for egg deposition. Detailed test guidance and test acceptability criteria for a standardized 28-day life-cycle test with A. bahia are provided in ASTM (2008b). A finding of interest to community residence times is that most turnover maxima are associated with an increase in the proportion in the short-lived species as indicated by the simultaneous occurrence of peaks of standing diversity and troughs in the mean lifespan per 0.1 My. 1988 Estuarine dependent species of important species Estuarine fish communities respond to climate variability over both river and ocean basins FREDERICK FEYRER1, JAMES E. CLOERN2, LARRY R. BROWN1,MAXFIELDA.FISH3, KATHRYN A. HIEB 4andRANDALL D. BAXTER 1California Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 6000 J Street, … This delayed response calls for more investigations through genomics and proteomics. Ariidae (a) Marine straggler Many reef fishes exhibit precise diel (crepuscular) movements between resting and foraging areas. lesser extent, salinityandtidal height. water with freshwater derived from land drainage' (Day 1981) For example, between the 1950's and 1970's, an average 18,000 acres of estuarine wetlands were lost annually in the United States (Tiner, 1984). In addition to their ecological importance, they have many attributes that make them ideal test organisms for water quality monitoring. estuarine types Highlights for Exam van der Meulen, P. Peláez-Campomanes, in, Pandolfi, 1996, 2002; Pandolfi and Jackson, 2001; Aronson, Mysids are small shrimp-like crustaceans that are primary forage prey for marine and, Finlayson et al., 1991; Hunt et al., 1999, Harmon and Langdon, 1996; Langdon et al., 1996, Callinan et al., 1995a; Lilley et al., 1997a,b, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. • Examples are the northern killifish and tropical Nile tilapia. Freshwater migrants Ecological classification Functional ecological classification Far off It is also noteworthy, that the mentioned glirids and cricetids differ in their abundances. diet shif Blaber 2000 Marine migrant Catfish Diadromous species Survival of released neonates may also be determined by isolating them for an additional 96 h. The test is terminated after 28-day exposure of the F0 mysids, unless reproduction data are desired on the F1 population. 2007 Global review of estuarine fish guilds M Elliott et al. – Intertidal edges, muddy, structure • Substrata • Relatively large surface area Physical factors influencing the nature of We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. • Texas coast encompasses the continuum of shore Yanez-Arancibilia et al. • Is salinity tolerance a good way to classify sub • Blaber (1997) included shallow coastal waters contiguous with (2002) reported using the Pacific Coast mysid (Mysidopsis intii) in acute (96 h) and chronic 28-day whole life-cycle exposures in an evaluation of nickel water quality criteria for marine organisms. • Coastal lake Patternsof presence-absenceonHMR werestrongly influencedby water temperature, andtoa feeder benthic dependence? • Fishes generally constitute overwhelming bulk • Currents and tidal influences • Exploitation and fisheries Figure 6.6. – Slope and depth of shelf dense structure • Seagrass – Geographic location (latitude) • Restricted tidal range and currents Other species are often used in mysid short-term tests. estuaries (slides 20-30) ...View In illustrating the above concept, examples are presented of the way in which fishes are threatened by anthropogenic impacts and of the way in which teleosts can contribute to a monitoring of estuarine ecosystem health. They are sensitive to a wide variety of contaminants; they have relatively short generation times and are amenable to laboratory culture. Later, Virgona (1992) showed that RSD outbreaks in the estuarine fish in the Clarence River, NSW were associated with lower catchment rainfall. 1988 Marine migrants Coastal fish can be … • Never isolated from The number of surviving mysids is recorded daily, and the test is terminated after 7 days (survival at 4 days in this test may be used to provide 96 h acute mortality data). • Distribution based on salinity tolerance However, they are invariably referred to as migrations in the literature. In this paper, we used a 9-year database (2003-2011) to analyse the populations of two estuarine resident fishes, Pomatoschistus microps and Pomatoschistus minutus, in order to determine their … • Anadromous either permanently or periodically open to the sea and within which Salmon River Estuary, Oregon Chesapeake Bay, East Coast What is an estuary? Fishes associated with South African estuaries. Unformatted text preview: MARB 311: Estuarine Fishes Ichthyology Lecture Over 500 species of fish reside in waters off south Florida's shoreline while over twice as many fish species live in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico and the Florida Current. 2000, Stephen J. M. Blaber, Tropical Estuarine Fishes: Ecology, Exploitation and Conservation, Blackwell Science, page 80, Some species are more estuarine than others, for example Pseudotolithus typus replaces P. senegalensis as conditions become more estuarine and Pentanemus quinquarius replaces … Mean lifespan is the mean of the total ranges of the lineages present at each 0.1 My interval. Examples are the northern killifish and tropical Nile tilapia. A 7-day short-term chronic test has been developed for NPDES monitoring in California (U.S. EPA, 1995). The mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) may best exemplify estuarine species. R. Dean Grubbs, Richard T. Kraus, in Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior (Second Edition), 2019. When present, individual fish exhibited strong site-attachment to small portions of the reef. • Different estuarine types (slide 7) Predictingpopulation- andecosystem-level benefits of habitatrestorationminimally requiresanunderstandingof thelinkbetweenthe However, the two cricetid lineages (Democricetodon lineage 2 and Cricetodon-Hispanomys lineage) do show considerable evolutionary change. Journal. This preview shows page 1 out of 41 pages. benthic flatfish Day et al. (1992) and was shown to reproduce the disease in fish using bath challenges, but only when the skin of the experimental fish was artificially abraded (Callinan, 1994b). Degrees of dependence Able 2005 Seasonal programming 4) species that complete entire life cycle in estuary - river discharge A 28-day life-cycle test with A. bahia was first described by Nimmo et al. The test is conducted at 26 ± 1°C, mysid neonates are fed twice daily newly hatched Artemia nauplii, and test solutions are changed once per day after containers are cleaned. The larvae of many reef fishes settle in seagrass meadows and mangroves that serve as nursery habitats. Some estuarine fishes go through a tolerance phase before launching true acclimating mechanisms, so the response to cycling salinities is slight. • Euryhaline strategy is required estuaries and have similar reduced salinities Tropical/Sub-tropical estuaries 20oC Blaber (g) Semi-anadromous species tolerant to • Factors that affect fishes in estuaries (slides van der Meulen et al. Estuarine fishes as physiological models 5.1 Fundulus heteroclitus 5.2 Oreochromis niloticus 5.3 Tolerance vs. Acclimation 5.4 Genomics and proteomics 6. mangrove/wetlands, eutrophication • Pollution Galveston Bay, TX Mississippi River mouth Definition(s) • 'An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water which has a free connection with … Semi-catadromous – Estuary size, depth, salinity & turbidity regimes Residency Introduction Mysids are small shrimp-like crustaceans that are primary forage prey for marine and estuarine fish. Standing diversity is based on counts of those taxa that cross the boundaries of the intervals used (0.1 My in this case); taxa restricted to the interval are ignored. Thomas C. TinHan1 &John A. Mohan1 &Mark Dumesnil 2 &Bryan M. DeAngelis3 &R. J. David Wells1 ,4 – Subtropical and tropical system in developing countries: • Classification depends on spawning behavior tropical estuarine fish? • Osmoregulators Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. The nursery-role concept was first applied nearly a century ago to motile invertebrates and fishes with complex life cycles, in which larvae are transported to estuaries, metamorphose, grow to subadult stages, and then move to adult habitats offshore. # Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation 2018 Abstract • Only species that tolerate or are adapted to extremely • Advantages vs disadvantages of estuarine Classification of subtropical estuarine fish 2.2.1 Regional examples East Africa West Ahca Asia Australasia South America Central America Gulf of Mexico 2.3 Estuarine coastal waters 2.3.1 Regional examples Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia Bay of Bengal San Miguel Bay, Philippines Gulf of Mexico West Africa 2.4.1 Regional examples East Africa West Africa India … The small number of species found in our waters is partly because Australia is the driest continent on earth. and Estuarine Fishes of the West Coast and Alaska: A Checklist of North Pacific and Arctic Ocean Species from Baja California to the Alaska–Yukon Border. Eggs released Low reproductive success was observed in this experiment, so chronic lowest observed effect concentrations and no observed effect concentrations were based on growth and mortality endpoints. Galveston Bay, TX This test is initiated with newly hatched mysid neonates (<24-h-old), which under flow-through conditions, develop into adults and reproduce during the test. – Wet VS dry seasons • Adjacent sea characteristics Furthermore, as expected by Magurran and Henderson (2003), the modes of the fossil residents and transients are much farther apart than their core and occasional species. Although quantification of fecundity is optional, U.S. EPA notes that this is often the most sensitive endpoint in this test (U.S. EPA, 2002b). Spawning takes place in coastal marine waters, but juveniles migrate to inshore estuaries for trophic benefits and refuge. The connection may be permanently open, restricted, or intermittently closed. • Mangroves 2011; Wilberg et al. Reproductive success is determined by isolating brooding females and counting the number of neonates released. Holmesimysis costata is a mysid crustacean found in the surface canopy of giant kelp beds off the Pacific Coast, where it serves as an important food source for fish. (1977). Estuarine fishes are, in general, characterized by high spatial and temporal population variability, which imposes inherent challenges in isolating the effects of oil pollution in field assessments from other environmental factors. Estuarine species are exemplified by black sea bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri), which can be found in salinities from 0 to 60 ppt (Hoeksema et al., 2006; Hindell et al., 2008; Sakkabe and Lyle, 2010) and generally complete their life cycle within the upper and middle part of an estuary (Butcher and Ling, 1958; Hindell, 2007; Hindell et al., 2008). (c) Marine migrant Received: 11 December 2017/ Revised: 28 February2018/Accepted: 2 March 2018 For this species, moderate salinities are required as poor recruitment is correlated with high FW delivery into the estuary (Sakabe, 2009). Estuarine fishes in NSW are exploited by commercial and recreational fishers and are subject to significant pressure from habitat degradation. 2) fromDecember 2015toAugust2016. Corophium salmonis was consumed by many fish in the pelagic habitats only in winter and … • Many interacting factors determine Residents seem also to be comparable with Sheldon's long-term generalists, "species with properties that enable them to survive throughout wide environmental fluctuations over geological timescales" (Sheldon, 1996, p. 209; van der Meulen et al., 2005). – Nature of adjacent marine and freshwaters van der Meulen, P. Peláez-Campomanes, in Reference Module in Life Sciences, 2017. These, admittedly few, examples do illustrate that the Plusça change model, even though it is worded cautiously, needs to be refined. Overall, spottedseatroutresidencytoHMR waslow, withfishbeingpresentonthereef 24%of Many human activities adversely affect these fishery-related habitats. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123969514000062, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123969514000086, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128096338012474, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012802504800002X, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128096338021269, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128033715000060, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128025048000018, Hoeksema et al., 2006; Hindell et al., 2008, Butcher and Ling, 1958; Hindell, 2007; Hindell et al., 2008, Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior (Second Edition), Origin of the Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome Problem, Epizootic Ulcerative Fish Disease Syndrome, A major outbreak of EUS in freshwater and, Residents and Transients in the Fossil Record☆, A.J. The latter authors showed that the arrival of occasional species can be modeled as a stochastic event "often related to unusual weather conditions such as storms or unusually settled and warm periods" (p. 715). rainfall low salinity VS temp tolerance at low salinity (Muss 1967) Temperature tolerance Day et al. mechanism for Mouth (2003), comprises four distinct species. days. Oyster reef habitat can This study examined an estuarine reach at the mouth of urbanized Chollas Creek in San Diego, California to determine: 1) the extent and magnitude of microplastics pollution in estuarine … measurably diluted with freshwater derived from land drainage' Fishes in Estuaries is an essential tool and ... environmental quality of estuaries and the management of estuarine fishes. Scale stable isotopes Higher residency = smaller niche Combining electronic and natural tags can link habitat use to feeding Threats Upon test termination, the live animals are examined using a stereomicroscope to determine the number of immature animals, the sex of mature animals, and the presence or absence of eggs in the oviducts or brood sacs of mature females (Fig. Oyster reefsplay animportantroleinthefunctionandresilience close in by juveniles and young adults • (Cynoscion nebulosus) on a Restored Oyster Reef (2000) developed models to predict the toxicity of elevated major ion concentrations and effects related to their deficiencies (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Br−SO42−, HCO3−, B4O72−). Use of mysids in ambient toxicity testing is discussed below. Residency to HMR increased benthic demersal (d) Catadromous TIE methods have been developed for A. bahia (U.S. EPA, 1996) and N. mercedis (Hunt et al., 1999), and tolerances of H. costata to various TIE manipulations have been assessed as part of the California State Water Resources Control Board's Marine Bioassay Project (Phillips et al., 2003a). • 'Require an estuary to complete the life cycle' to tidal influence (~90%) of estuarine nekton (McHugh 1967) subsistence and artisanal fisheries some form of connection to - alongshore drif Open estuary • Temporarily closed by sand bar • Tolerance to temperature and salinity may be interactive ( temp tolerance at 1994 Rooker et al. The use of residents and transients is an alternative approach to these studies. 2011; zu Ermgassen et al. In 1972, outbreaks of a cutaneous ulcerative condition called red spot disease (RSD) affected estuarine fishes, particularly the gray mullet (M. cephalus), in Queensland, Australia (McKenzie and Hall, 1976). van Dam et al. In the same paper, Sheldon (1996) introduces his Plusça change model, which "proposes that morphological stasis is the usual response to widely fluctuating physical environments on geological timescales (until thresholds are reached)" (p. 209). Four years after the spill, responses of estuarine fishes to oil pollution have been studied at organismal . 5.1.1 Estuarine and Creek (inshore) sciaenid subcommunity. Terminos Lagoon MX Aransas bay, TX Spawn Since the initial development of protocols (Nimmo et al., 1977), tests with the Atlantic/Gulf coast species Americamysis (formerly Mysidopsis) bahia have been used for regulatory applications for decades. Thus, peaks of diversity are caused by transients and troughs represent the remaining residents. Of the three endpoints measured, evidence suggests that laboratories have the most difficulty with the fecundity endpoint. there is measureable variation of salinity due to the mixture of sea in deep waters The acute toxicity (96-hr LC 50) of carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, and fenvalerate to six estuarine fishes was determined in flow-through laboratory tests.The atherinid fishes (Menidia menidia, M. peninsulae, M. beryllina, and Leuresthes tenuis) consistently were among the most sensitive species tested and were similar to each other in their sensitivity to pesticides. • Provides Estuaries are characterized by tidally-influenced waters that have a surface connection to the sea. Conclusions and the future Abstract Intertidal and estuarine fish stand out among euryhaline fish because of their The members could be clearly separated into two abundance–persistence groups: core species (abundant and persistent) and occasional species (rare and infrequent). 1998 Spatiotemporal trophodynamics Iliophagus Coastal fish, also called inshore fish or neritic fish, inhabit the sea between the shoreline and the edge of the continental shelf.Since the continental shelf is usually less than 200 metres deep, it follows that pelagic coastal fish are generally epipelagic fish, inhabiting the sunlit epipelagic zone. This new astronomical hypothesis is consistent with the Court Jester (Barnosky, 2001) and Turnover Pulse hypothesis (Vrba, 1985) "in the sense that lineage events tend to cluster and that the clusters correlate to abiotic events" (van Dam et al., 2006, p. 690). Journal of Fish Biology – Wiley. Published: Dec 1, 2002 the sea and subject This relationship may be explained by the seniority rule (van der Meulen et al., 2005). Apalachicola, FL Estuarine coastal waters Chapter 2 Habitat Use by Fishes in Estuaries and Other Brackish Areas L. Pihl, A. Cattrijsse, I. Codling S. Mathieson, D.S. free connection with the open sea and within which seawater is (Pritchard 1967) This distinction of core and occasional species was facilitated by a gap in the distribution of persistence around 10 years. However, in the reef studies community membership was compared with random sampling of the habitat-specific species pool, and McGill et al. Shallowness of water: Unlike the sea water which is deep, the water in A.J. protection, food, (1986) and U.S. EPA (2002a). 5. The fish community inhabiting the estuaries, creeks and other coastal brackiswater consists of both freshwater and marine fish species. The 7-day short-term chronic test is used for NPDES regulatory monitoring (Lussier et al., 1999; U.S. EPA, 2002b). fluctuations Marine & Estuarine Fishes of Conservation Concern in the AMLRNRM region Executive Summary The tables below list the marine and estuarine fishes of principal conservation concern within the Adelaide and Mt Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management region. • Lack delta - interaction with coastal processes Blind estuaries Jackson and Erwin (2006) surveyed the literature for analyses of the fossil record that provide rigorously documented patterns to explore "the dynamics and underlying processes of ecological and evolutionary change in deep time" (p. 322). Ironically, however, few fishes that we associate with estuaries are in fact obligatory users (anadromous fishes are a notable exception). William S. Marshall, in Fish Physiology, 2012. A major outbreak of EUS in freshwater and estuarine fish in western Sri Lanka occurred during December 1987. Its optimum test salinity range is 1–3‰, but it can survive in the wild in salinities up to 18‰. 204 South Ajric.an Journal oj Science Vol. Mississippi River mouth Definition(s) Weak coastal currents Type 2: Small tidal range Number of fish species in tropical/subtropical estuaries Top left is a mature gravid female mysid with distended marsupium, bottom left is a mature male; top right are two mysid neonates; bottom right is a juvenile. Relative availability of food in the ocean (1999) found that when the mysid holding temperature is maintained at 26–27°C during the pretest period, and holding densities are less than 10 organisms per liter, the percentage of tests meeting the acceptability criteria for fecundity (egg production by ≥50% of control females) increased from 60% to 97%. A good example of success in this respect is that of Bai Tu Long Bay, Viet Nam (Beharrell and Ryder, 2004). • Euryhaline – tolerant wide range Estuarine fishes.pptx - MARB 311 Estuarine Fishes Ichthyology Lecture MARB 311 What is an estuary Salmon River Estuary Oregon Chesapeake Bay East, Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation, California Marine Life Protection Act Initiative. Estuarine Environment Water Quality Status and Trends # Issue: Rating: ... past losses of eelgrass beds have reduced available nursery habitat for some fishes and invertebrates. – Wind important in shallow estuary circulation • Wave action and turbulence Estuarine fishes combine low water permeability of skin and gill epithelia with efficient NaCl secretion to live in seawater and hypersaline conditions, but have variable abilities to absorb NaCl from dilute environments, with some species requiring dietary salt intake for survival in freshwater. U. S. Department of the Interior, U. S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Seattle, Washington, 98104, OCS Study MMS 2005-030 and … (1995a) related this to runoff from acid sulfate soils. Procedures developed for this species include acute, short-term chronic, and chronic life-cycle test protocols. As to community membership they found that it is "commonly more stable and persistent than expected by chance, even in the face of the extreme environmental changes of the Ice Ages, …," taken from appropriate examples from reef studies (Pandolfi, 1996, 2002; Pandolfi and Jackson, 2001; Aronson et al., 2004) and small mammals (McGill et al., 2005). – Subtidal, low turbidity, sand, patchy • Salt marsh growth & otolith diameter (Peterson et al 1999) overexploitation through commercial oyster fisheries have reduced oyster reef coverage in coastal ecosystems (Beck et al. marine Blaber 2000 Global review of estuarine fish guilds M Elliott et al. – Intertidal, variable turbidity, mud, estuarine conditions and partition resources Some tropical haemulids (grunts), for example, aggregate at specific sites on reefs or in mangrove habitats during the day but disperse in dendritic patterns at sunset into seagrass habitats to forage. Adults of some coral reef taxa migrate seasonally to discrete areas that aggregate spawners (e.g., groupers and snappers), while others move to specialized habitats to deposit demersal eggs (e.g., damselfishes). Conclusions and the future Abstract Intertidal and estuarine fish stand out among euryhaline fish because of their Examples of Category I fish, which are dependent on estuaries for their entire life cycles. 2012). They demonstrate that origination, extinction, and turnover rates constitute turnover cycles with periods of 2.4–2.5 and 1.0 My, which are linked to low-frequency modulations of Milankovitch oscillations (Laskar et al., 2004). • Salt marsh, seagrass, mangrove, etc. Intertidal and estuarine fishes stand out among euryhaline fishes because of their physiological plasticity in response to frequent salinity changes and other environmental challenges, including polar ice and tropical heat. Connectivity and Estuaries: Historically, estuarine fisheries biology has focused on the theme of estuarine dependency, with an emphasis on microhabitat use. The remaining three glirids (Microdyromys legidensis, Armantomys jasperi, and Pseudodryomys ibericus) show the morphological stasis expected from the Plusça change model. carnivore • 'An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water which has a This fish completes its life history within salt marshes (Taylor et al., 1979) and undergoes limited movements (Lotrich, 1975; Teo and Able, 2003). The difficulty of integrating management across the different habitats used by estuarine fishes at different stages of their life cycle is highlighted by the situation in parts of Malaysia (Chong, 2006). • Example: 80 May 1984 Table 1. Elliot et al. tropical estuarine fishes ecology exploration and conservation Sep 02, 2020 Posted By James Patterson Library TEXT ID b6204829 Online PDF Ebook Epub Library blaber stephen j m amazoncomau books tropical estuarine fishes ecology exploitation and conservation bog hardback engelsk forfatter stephen j m blaber … werecaptured at HMR, surgically implanted with acoustic transmitters, and monitored by an array of underwater listening stations Estuarine fishes reside in the zone of fluctuating salinity through all periods of their life history, but individuals within a given cohort may experience substantial variability in salinity. For example, Deegan (1993, p. 74) states that "estuarine fish faunas around the world are dominated in numbers and abundance by species which move into the estuary as larvae, accumulate biomass, and then move offshore." In early papers the estuary as a whole was considered to be the nursery. EUS was reportedly still active in Batticaloa Lagoon in 1996 (P. Vinobaba and M. Vinobaba, unpublished). 2011). Furthermore, habitat preferences of the fossil rodents are not known in any detail. • Blind estuary The former authors estimate that some 80% of the FO and LO of lineages may be close to the ages of speciation and true extinction. Oregon's estuaries are part of the Coast Range ecoregion and are a critical interface between the terrestrial environment of coastal watersheds … Ironically, however, few fishes that we associate with estuaries are in fact obligatory users (anadromous fishes are a notable exception). and habitat needs Changing salinity produces temporary shifts in plasma osmolality, and osmosensing ionocytes respond by respectively increasing or shutting off NaCl secretion if shrunken or swollen osmotically. Therefore, certain other factors were considered to be involved in the disease outbreak process. Migration & Movement_student version.pptx, Texas A&M University, Galveston • MARB 311, MARB425-405_Miller_Natural_Mortality.docx, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi • MARB 6327, Texas A&M University, Galveston • MARB 425. Lussier et al. – Size of catchment & floodplain • Precipitation Five mysids per replicate are exposed to test solutions, each replicated five times, and test solutions are renewed after 48 and 96 h. Daily observations of survival are made so that 96 h and 7 days mortality endpoints can be determined. – Tidal cycle linked to salinity and turbidity – Non-target species and by catch • Development ... environment environmental estimated estuarine areas estuarine fish estuarine habitats estuarine systems European estuaries example fauna fish community fish populations fish species Fisheries … The 7-day growth and survival test with H. costata may be limited by test organism availability because commercial suppliers have reported limited availability during winter (Hunt J, personal communication). McLusky and C. Roberts 2.1 Introduction In assessing the importance of estuaries for fish and macrocrustaceans it is of note that estuar- ies consist of a complex mixture of many distinctive … 50. ISBN 0‐632‐05655‐X. The disease later progressed to affect the FW and estuarine fishes in coastal rivers in New South Wales (NSW) (Callinan et al., 1989), Northern Territory (Pearce, 1990), and Western Australia (Callinan, 1994a). Short-term acute tests have been developed for use in Brazilian waters using the species Mysidopsis juniae and Mysidium gracile (Prosperi et al., 1998). through population levels, and there is an emerging mismatch between consistent negative impacts detected among individual organisms and absence of … – Sediment, reef Salinity smaller isotopicniches. – (sub)tropical species cope with salinity 1-35 ppt Salinity tolerance • Salinity may affect metabolic process i.e. • Appear lacustrine but have Culture methods for this species are described by Lussier et al. • Geomorphology and geologic structure Unformatted text preview: MARB 311: Estuarine Fishes Ichthyology Lecture MARB 311 What is an estuary?Salmon River Estuary, Oregon Chesapeake Bay, East Coast What is an estuary? • Occur where there is low/high seasonal 15. This summary fact sheet focuses on the current state of estuarine ecosystems in Puget Sound—large river deltas, embayments, their interconnecting beaches, and rocky coasts—and the historical changes that have … Although 3) – Industry– shipping, habitat alteration, invasive species Mysid tests may be confounded by ionic concentrations above or below specific effect thresholds, particularly in certain effluents (eg, produced water and agricultural drain water; Ho and Caudle, 1997). These species, and threatening processes, are … 4) belong to the Gliridae (dormice), of which only one (Armantomys aragonensis – A. tricristatus) underwent modest anagenetic change in size and morphology permitting the distinction of two successive species (Daams, 1990). 1) in tropics Pulses of turnover occur at minima of the 2.37 My eccentricity cycle and nodes of the 1.2 My obliquity cycle, which are both associated with expansion and cooling and affect regional precipitation. Forty-onespotted seatrout (408±25 mmtotal length) sal monis was the primary prey for many pelagic fishes in spring, but not in summer when many fishes switched to Daphnia spp. A 7-day short-term chronic test protocol with M. intii has been developed, but this test has not been implemented in NPDES monitoring (Harmon and Langdon, 1996; Langdon et al., 1996). Basic facts about the estuarine environment and estuarine fishes Conditions in South African estuaries dif • Reduced salinity and high turbidity - terrigenous sediment Their numbers declined dramatically in the 1970's and have … So, it may be that phylogeny plays a role in explaining abundance adding further weight to the above quoted conclusion of Magurran and Henderson (2003). Eggs are deposited in the brood sacs and as these develop into larvae, the brood sacs grow and darken. Photomicrographs of representative life stages and sexes of the mysid (A. bahia). Knysna seahorse . • 'An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of water which is - wave action Fishes of Paranaguá Estuarine Complex, South West Atlantic . These fish often gravitate to BW for spawning and are considered in detail in Marshall (2013, Chapter 8, this volume). However, perhaps the most significant commonality between the ecological and paleoecological study is their recognition of components among community members on the basis of persistence, abundance, and ecological requirements. However, a • Proximity to ocean currents, canyons, reefs bottom The estuarine sciaenidae (croakers) are dominated by Pseudotolithus elongatus whose bathymetric distribution extends to … • Extensive deltas of Commerce, 1985). – Depth, currents and tides Type 1: semi-anadromous; (h) amphidromous; (i) freshwater migrant; (j) estuarine resident; (k) estuarine migrant. In addition, some researchers have reported difficulty meeting control performance using this species in 7-day tests (Phillips et al., 2003a). (h) Amphidromous are order of magnitude > temperate estuaries Common estuarine taxon Classification of estuarine fishes (i) Freshwater migrant However, the rodent residents yield another, more complex pattern. – Euryhaline • Osmoconformers subtropical estuaries The extent to which small plastics and potentially associated compounds are entering coastal food webs, especially in estuarine systems, is only beginning to be realized. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. These estuarine habitats are shallow and have limited tidal action due to a narrow inlet (connection to the ocean). variable conditions live in estuaries Vegetation/structure of estuarine-dependent shrimp, menhaden, and blue crabs, for example, were valued at $488 million, $117 million, and $56 million, respectively (U.S. Dept. (2006) studied a long (20 My) small mammal dataset including the record used by van der Meulen et al. Keywords Gulf of Mexico . 2007 Diadromous species For example, Young and Cech (1996) found that the estuarine splittail (Pogonichthys macrolepidotus) increased their critical thermal maximum (CTM; temperature where equilibrium is lost after rapid heating) from 29 ºC, when acclimated to 17 ºC, to 32-33 ºC, when acclimated to 20 ºC. Australia's freshwater fish fauna, with about 300 native species, is the smallest for any continent of a similar size. significantl y with size, while scale stable isotope analysis revealed fish exhibiting high residency to HMR occupied significantly Blaber 2000 Contnuum • Open estuaries River influence , it was considered good practice to fill wetlands, consequently shrinking size... 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2020 estuarine fishes examples


text:
California climate bill would add "social…
California climate bill would add 'social costs' to public works bids
By Katy Murphy | kmurphy@bayareanewsgroup.com | Bay Area News Group
PUBLISHED: February 1, 2017 at 3:14 pm | UPDATED: February 2, 2017 at 6:26 am
SACRAMENTO — If a new California climate bill passes, contractors vying for state-funded infrastructure bids will have something besides dollars and cents to add to their bottom line: the "social cost" of greenhouse gas emissions created by their projects.
Its sponsors say the measure would be the first of its kind in the nation and would give companies an incentive to offer the best deal for the environment, not just the lowest price.
"By focusing the buying power of California's budget, of which approximately $10 billion goes to infrastructure each year, AB 262 will help ensure a thriving market exists for low-carbon industrial products," said Assemblyman Rob Bonta, D-Oakland, who is sponsoring the bill along with Susan Talamantes Eggman, D-Stockton.
How would it work?
First, bidders would have to fill out a disclosure form about greenhouse gases emitted in the manufacturing and transport of industrial materials to be used in the project, such as cement, steel and glass. Using a formula from California's secretary of government operations, agencies would calculate a social cost that would figure into the bid's bottom line.
The new rules also would apply to California State University and the University of California, which have separate purchasing laws.
Assembly Bill 262 has the backing of clean-air and environmental justice advocates, of course. But its list of supporters also includes the United Steelworkers District 12 — which represents steelworkers in the western United States — and Gerdau Steel, a large steelmaker with operations throughout North and South America. As of late Wednesday, California's major business organizations had not taken a position on the bill.
"California has been a leader in fighting climate change," Bonta said, "and AB 262 will further demonstrate our resolve by requiring our state government to consider whether products were made in clean or dirty factories when making infrastructure purchases."
California legislature
Katy Murphy
Katy Murphy is based in Sacramento and covers state government for The Mercury News and East Bay Times, a beat she took on in January 2017. Before that, she was the news organization's higher education reporter, writing about UC, CSU, community colleges and private colleges. Long ago, she covered Oakland schools and other K-12 education issues.
Follow Katy Murphy	@katymurphy
More in California News
Concord police: Man convinced 11-year-old she was his girlfriend
A 23-year-old man is facing child molestation charges after police say he convinced a preteen girl they were dating.
San Bruno: Two more suspects arrested in Tanforan shooting
Authorities have now arrested a total of four people in connection with July 2 gunfight
Sonoma County Sheriff's Office IDs inmate found dead in cell
The Sonoma County Sheriff's Office has identified an inmate who was found dead in his Sonoma County Jail cell Wednesday night as 30-year-old Nino Bosco, of Santa Rosa.
Body discovered along Guadalupe River Trail near West Julian and North Autumn streets

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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La Torre Erqi o Torre Memoriale Erqi (in caratteri cinesi: ) si trova nel Distretto di Erqi, nel centro città di Zhengzhou, nella provincia dello Henan, in Cina. La torre è alta 63 metri e ha 14 piani.

Storia
La Torre Erqi è stata completata il 29 settembre 1971. È un memoriale allo sciopero di Erqi, avvenuto il 7 febbraio 1923.

Nel maggio 2020, è stato annunciato che la piazza che circonda la torre verrà ampliata a 21000 metri quadrati e che l'edificio adiacente, la Friendship Mansion (cinese: 友谊 大厦; pinyin: Yǒuyì Dàshà), un edificio di 20 piani, sarà declassato a 6 piani di altezza. Questo progetto sarà realizzato per valorizzare meglio la torre.

Descrizione
La torre si trova nella Piazza Erqi. È stata costruita in cemento armato ed è realizzata in stile architettonico cinese. La forma della torre, due torri pentagonali congiunte, ha lo scopo di commemorare gli operai dello sciopero di Erqi, che scioperarono durante la costruzione della ferrovia Pechino–Hankou. In cima alla torre c'è una stella rossa a cinque punte. All'interno della torre sono in mostra vari cimeli storici, immagini e materiale scritto sullo sciopero. La torre non è solamente un memoriale, ma anche uno dei luoghi principali di incontro della città.

Note

Altri progetti

Architetture di Zhengzhou
Torri della Cina

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Have you cleaned out the laptops fans?  Dust can accumulate inside the laptop, causing overheating. Open up the laptop and clean it out with a cloth and can of compressed air. After that, remove the heatsinks (The thing with copper tubing). Then clean off the CPU and GPU with Isopropyl  alcohol. After that, apply some new thermal compound (Arctic silver 5 is highly recommended).  Forgot something, clean the heatsink too. Same steps as CPU and GPU. Except don't reapply thermal compound. It's already on the CPU and GPU, If you reapplied it. Now just put everything back together! It should work fine. If it is your first time doing this; take pictures as you go along the way. It will help you put it back together. If you need more help, feel free to ask me. Keep this in mind: There is nothing wrong with a good google search. If this helped; let me know by Upvoting this.


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text:
Man accused of killing adopted dog told roommate dog went to a good home
By: Kimberly Craig
Alexander Gerth appeared in court Thursday to be arraigned on a felony charge of killing and torturing an animal. The 22-year-old Utica, Michigan man is accused of stabbing and killing his dog, Sterling.
The pit bull mix was adopted from the Michigan Humane Society (MHS) in Westland in December. Gerth tried to adopt the dog but his application was denied because his landlord did not approve.
Utica police make arrest after 3-year-old pit bull mix stabbed to death
Then a couple days later, someone else went to the shelter and they were also very interested in the same dog. That person was approved and allowed to take Sterling home.
However, what an MHS investigator says they could not have known is that the person was adopting Sterling under false pretenses. That person knew Gerth and turned the 2-year-old pit bull mix over to him. Investigators said Gerth convinced a friend to adopt Sterling for him.
Gerth reportedly admitted to hitting and punching Sterling on numerous occasions in the short time that Sterling lived with him, stating he used the physical abuse as a means of discipline.
When Gerth took Sterling home in late December and it didn't take long for his roommate to realize Sterling was not in good hands.
"I have seen him hit the dog. He would smack him and grab him by the neck and drag him in the bedroom," Dave Kriner said.
Kriner said he was afraid to say anything because he didn't want Gerth to kick him out of the apartment and he had nowhere else to live.
Kriner's girlfriend said she tried alerting Macomb County Animal Control and was told they'd look into it but that they also needed proof.
So, on January 20, she took pictures of what appeared to be cigarette burns on Sterling's face, but she hadn't turned the pictures over to authorities.
When Kriner returned home the night of January 24th, he didn't see Sterling. Kriner said Sterling's dog bowls were missing and his chew toys were in the trash.
Kriner said he asked Gerth where Sterling was and Gerth told him not to worry and that he had gone to a good home.
But that was the day that a city worker found Sterling's body under a picnic table in Grant Park behind the apartment building where Gerth lives.
There was a trail of blood from a nearby trash can to where Sterling's body was found in freezing temperatures. It's unclear if Sterling was alive and put into the trash can and was able to get out and walk to where he later died.
Kriner's girlfriend told him about Sterling's death after her daughter saw the case in the news earlier this week.
Kriner said that he went to police and told them everything he knows.
"Unfortunately, I waited," said Kriner who, in hindsight, wishes he had another place to live and could have just picked up Sterling and walked out of Gerth's apartment.
"If at all possible, report it as soon as you can so this kind of stuff doesn't happen," Kriner said.
During Gerth's arraignment Thursday, Macomb County Assistant Prosecutor Elizabeth Rittinger asked the judge to set bond at $500,000, saying Gerth has been convicted of bank robbery.
Gerth acknowledged that he's on federal probation. He asked for a court-appointed defense attorney in the case that, if convicted, could send him to prison for up to four years.
"Rest assured that there will be no plea bargaining in the case. We have charged Gerth with most severe charge on the books; and, we will be asking for the maximum possible sentence provided under the law," Macomb County Prosecutor Eric Smith said. "There is no doubt that there needs to be tougher laws addressing animal abuse."


UBS Group began coverage on shares of SMURFIT KAPPA G/ADR (OTCMKTS:SMFKY) in a research note published on Wednesday, The Fly reports. The firm issued a buy rating on the stock.
SMFKY has been the subject of a number of other research reports. BNP Paribas assumed coverage on SMURFIT KAPPA G/ADR in a report on Tuesday, November 20th. They set an outperform rating for the company. Zacks Investment Research upgraded SMURFIT KAPPA G/ADR from a sell rating to a hold rating in a report on Saturday, February 16th. Finally, ValuEngine raised SMURFIT KAPPA G/ADR from a sell rating to a hold rating in a research report on Tuesday, January 29th.
SMFKY opened at $28.84 on Wednesday. SMURFIT KAPPA G/ADR has a 52-week low of $24.10 and a 52-week high of $45.51. The company has a debt-to-equity ratio of 1.43, a current ratio of 1.75 and a quick ratio of 1.36. The firm has a market cap of $6.84 billion, a P/E ratio of 8.66, a price-to-earnings-growth ratio of 1.96 and a beta of 0.53.


text:
Montreal to require restaurants to post food-inspection ratings
City is 15 years behind other major cities like Toronto and New York when it comes to affixing inspection results where customers can see them.
Marian Scott, Montreal Gazette
Quebec's department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAPAQ) posts the results of food inspections on its website, but it's laborious to look them up and most customers don't bother.	mapaq.gouv.qc.ca
Montreal will take steps to require restaurants and grocery stores to display food safety inspection reports in their entrances, under a motion adopted by city council Tuesday.
Proposed two weeks ago by the opposition Ensemble Montréal party, the motion won unanimous approval.
It directs the city to ask the provincial department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAPAQ) for permission to require food purveyors, also including wholesalers and catering companies, to post the results of food inspections where consumers can see them.
"I feel very enthusiastic," said Karine Boivin-Roy, co-leader of the opposition party and a councillor in the Mercier-Hochelaga-Maisonneuve borough.
"It generated a lot of interest among citizens," she said.
Boivin-Roy said Montreal is 15 years behind other major cities like Toronto, New York and Paris that already post food inspection ratings in front of food establishments.
MAPAQ posts the results of food inspections on its website, but it's laborious to look them up and you can't expect consumers looking for a place to eat to do that kind of research, she noted.
With only 31 food inspectors, Montreal has 14,000 restaurants, Boivin-Roy noted. From 2017 to 2018, food-safety violations jumped by 43 per cent, while the amount paid in fines increased by 52 per cent from $539,400 to $820,000.
The Quebec government set aside $10 million in this year's budget to step up food inspections and to enable Montreal to carry out food inspection responsibilities delegated to it by MAPAQ.
Boivin-Roy said that in cities like New York that have adopted the practice of posting inspection results, "the results are positive; restaurant owners say consumers feel more confident."
She acknowledged that an unfavourable report could hurt a restaurant, but said that's only fair.
"You have to remember that restaurant owners have obligations. They have the obligation to respect food safety, to maintain clean premises, and have clean equipment. So I think Montrealers have the right to expect that," she said.
Boivin-Roy said implementing the motion could take some time, since the city must first ask the province for permission to publicize data collected by city inspectors under powers delegated to it by the Quebec government.
The city will have to decide how to present food-inspection ratings — either as a numerical score, an alphabetical mark, a colour code or some other symbol, she said.
Once it obtains permission, it will also post the information on Montreal's website and mobile app, according to the motion.
"For Montrealers, the sooner the better," Boivin-Roy said.
mscott@postmedia.com
Montreal, a foodie city, lags behind in disclosing restaurant inspections
Restaurants should show inspection grades in entrances, opposition says
Arson dismissed as possible cause of Côte-des-Neiges duplex fire Métro escalator pictograms: Prudent advice or legally binding order?


Welcome to our Botswana pula to Macedonian denar (BWP to MKD) conversion calculator. You can enter a value in either the Botswana pula or Macedonian denar input fields. If you'd like to perform a different conversion, just select between the listed Currency units in the 'Select between other Currency units' tab below or use the search bar above. Tip: Use the swap button to switch from converting Botswana pula to Macedonian denar to Macedonian denar to Botswana pula.


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>

        <title><?php echo $title; ?></title>

        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="<?php echo base_url(); ?>assets/css/sb-admin.css">
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="<?php echo base_url(); ?>assets/css/dataTables.min.css">
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="<?php echo base_url(); ?>assets/css/bootswatch.css">
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="<?php echo base_url(); ?>assets/css/style.css">
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="<?php echo base_url(); ?>assets/select2/dist/css/select2.min.css">

    <?php if($this->session->userdata('name')): ?>
    <?php endif; ?>

                    <a href="<?php echo base_url(); ?>" class="navbar-brand">Outsourcing Management System

                        Good to see you again, <?php echo $this->session->userdata('name'); ?>!

                        <a href="<?php echo base_url()?>login/logout">Log out

                    <a href="<?php echo base_url()?>client/">
                    Home

                    <a href="<?php echo base_url()?>client/client_order_list">Job Order

                    <a href="<?php echo base_url()?>client/shortlist">Short List

                    <a href="<?php echo base_url()?>client/shortlisted_applicant">Shortlisted Applicants

                    <a href="<?php echo base_url()?>client/staff">Staff Management

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Query with Left Outer Join I'm having trouble figuring this out.
According to Jeff Atwood A Visual Explanation of SQL Joins Left outer join produces a complete set of records from Table A, with the matching records (where available) in Table B. If there is no match, the right side will contain null.
The left table (TableA) doesn't have duplicates. The right tableB has 1 or 2 entries for each client number. The PrimaryTP designates one as primary with 1 and the other has 0.
I shouldn't have to include the line And B.PrimaryTP = 1 because TableA doesn't have duplicates. Yet if I leave it out I get duplicate client numbers. Why?
Can you help me understand how this works. It's being very confusing to me. The logic of And B.PrimaryTP = 1 escapes me. Yet it seems to work. Still, I'm scared to trust it if I don't understand it. Can you help me understand it. Or do I have a logic error hidden in the query?
SELECT A.ClientNum --returns a list with no duplicate client numbers
FROM (...<TableA>
) as A

Left Outer Join

<TableB> as B
on A.ClientNum = B.ClientNum

--eliminate mismatch of (ClientNum <> FolderNum)
Where A.ClientNum Not In
(
    Select ClientNum From <TableB>
    Where ClientNum Is Not Null
    And ClientNum <> IsNull(FolderNum, '')
)

--eliminate case where B.PrimaryTP <> 1
And B.PrimaryTP = 1

A: The difference between an INNER JOIN and a LEFT JOIN is just that the LEFT JOIN still returns the rows in Table A when there are no corresponding rows in Table B.
But it's still a JOIN, which means that if there is more than one corresponding row in Table B, it will join the row from Table A to each one of them.
So if you want to make sure that you get no more than one result for each row in Table A, you have to make sure that no more than one row from Table B is found - hence the And B.PrimaryTP = 1.

A: If you have one client number in A and two matches in Table B, then you will get duplicates.
Suppose you have the following data,
Table-A(client Num) Table-B(client Num)
1          2
2          2

The left Join Results

Table-A(client Num) Table-B(client Num)
1                       (null)
2                       2
2                       2

This is the cause of duplicates. So you need to take distinct values form Table B or perform Distinct on the result set.

A:
I shouldn't have to include the line And B.PrimaryTP = 1 because TableA doesn't have duplicates. Yet if I leave it out I get duplicate client numbers. Why?

Because both rows in the right table match a row in the left table. There is no way for SQL Server to output a triangular result; it must show the columns from both tables for every joined row. And this is true for INNER JOIN as well.
DECLARE @a TABLE(a INT);
DECLARE @b TABLE(b INT);

INSERT @a VALUES(1),(2);
INSERT @b VALUES(1),(1);

SELECT a.a, b.b FROM @a AS a
LEFT OUTER JOIN @b AS b ON a.a = b.b;

SELECT a.a, b.b FROM @a AS a
INNER JOIN @b AS b ON a.a = b.b;

Results:
a   b
--  ----
1   1
1   1
2   NULL

a   b
--  --
1   1
1   1

A: On the link that you gave the joins are explained very good. So the problem is that you have several records from table A (no matter that there are no duplicates) is that to 1 record in A there are 2 records in B (in some cases). To avoid this you can use either DISTINCT clause, either GROUP BY clause.

A: The LEFT OUTER JOIN will give you all the records from A with all the matching records from B. The difference with an INNER JOIN is that if there are no matching records in B, an INNER join will omit the record from A entirely, while the LEFT join will then still include a row with the results from A.
In your case, however, you may also want to check out the DISTINCT keyword.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Франческо ди Сеня (; фигурира в документи от 1328 по 1339 година) – италиански художник, представител на Трече́нто (ит. trecento – 1300-те години), XIV век, Сиенска школа.

Произход

Франческо ди Сеня е син на художника Сеня ди Бонавентура, един от родствениците и сподвижниците на Дучо ди Буонинсеня, и брат на другия сиенски майстор – Николо ди Сеня.

Творчески път
Първите художествени навици той, вероятно, придобива в ателието на баща си, доколкото това е типично за средневековната живописна традиция. За в бъдеще, по всяка вероятност, заедно с брат си Николо, той сътрудничи със семейство Лоренцети (влиянието на братя Лоренцети, изследователите забелязват в неговите работи, особено влиянието на Пиетро Лоренцети).

Документи и влияние
В архивните документи неговото име се среща няколко пъти:

 Франческо ди Сеня фигурира в документ от 25 август 1328 година. Става дума за зестра на неговата жена Нута да Паламеда в размер на 300 лири;
 През 1335 година той изписва книги за бившия – "капитано дел пополо" ("глава на народа") – висша административна длъжност в Сиена по това време;
 През 1338 година той фигурира в документ на град Лука; 27 февруари 1339 година той получава възнаграждение за рисунка на дървен панел.

В своето творчество Франческо се опира на богатото наследство на Дучо ди Буонинсеня, преминаващо през две поколения негови последователи, такива като бащата на Франческо - Сеня ди Бонавентура и братя Лоренцети, които наред с Франческо ди Сеня се причисляват към третото поколение "дучовисти" (т.е. последователи на Дучо).

Източници

Италиански художници


text:
Q: Value from other Vue component How can I get the value of an element in another Vue component and use it in another Component. For example I want to get the value of a textbox from a separate component and use it another.

A: By using event bus to communicate between any components,
Component A:
<script>
export default {
  name: 'ComponentA',
  methods: {
    onTextAreaChange: function(event) {
      this.$root.$emit('changed', event)
    }
  }
}
</script>

Component B:
<script>
export default {
  name: 'App',
  mounted() {
    this.$root.$on('changed', (data) => {
      //...console data here
    })
  }
}
</script>


In the past, for residents of Boao, then a fishing village sitting on an estuary in China's southernmost Hainan Island, the world was a remote, inaccessible place on the other side of the raging sea.
Then the Boao Forum for Asia (BFA), a non-profit promoting regional economic integration and globalization, was founded in 2001 and subsequently, chose Boao as the permanent venue for its annual conference. It turned into a "village of diplomacy" where the world descends every year.
This year, when the annual conference, themed "Shared Future, Concerted Action, Common Development," ran from March 26 to 29, BFA Secretary General Li Baodong outlined the most prominent challenges the world faces today--development and global governance. He also stated the aim of the conference: to review ways for economic growth and technological innovation while coping with the impacts of unilateralism.
The past year has seen the global multilateral trade and economic system confronted with difficulties. The uncertainties will continue in 2019. Zhang Tao, Vice President of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), said the world economy faces a tense situation caused by different countries' trade policies.
Zhang Yuyan, Director of the Institute of World Economics and Politics under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, considered the U.S. monetary policy to be an uncertain factor. "It remains to be seen whether it will adjust its neutral policy, which will have a profound impact on the global economy, asset and commodity prices, and the debts of developing countries," he said.
For Hitoshi Suzuki, a member of the Policy Board of the Bank of Japan, trade and monetary policies were predictable and controllable through negotiations and the market. However, the unpredictable technological revolution is where the uncertainty lies. Suzuki said while one solution to cope with Japan's population decline and its ageing is to make full use of artificial intelligence (AI), robots and automaton, it is a hard balancing act. If AI is overused, it will affect the labor market.
Zhang Tao's suggestion was to do the "right" things. First, creating right macroeconomic policies conducive to inclusive and sustainable growth. Second, undertaking structural reform to address problems such as lower labor productivity and the ageing population. Third, focusing on innovation. Innovation played a major role in boosting growth during the past 20 years. New technologies and information and communication technology contributed to more than 30 percent of per-capita income growth, he said.
He also emphasized the importance of advancing economic integration in Asia. According to the IMF's 2018 Regional Economic Outlook: Asia Pacific, if all Asia opens up to the whole world by eliminating goods tariffs, reducing nontariff barriers on services and liberalizing foreign direct investment restrictions, Asia's GDP would rise on average by nearly 12 percent.
The fourth report, the Asian Financial Development Report on Infrastructure Finance, said insufficient and inefficient infrastructure has become a development bottleneck. The Belt and Road Initiative has brought investment for infrastructure construction, which has cut trade costs in the countries on the initiative's routes by 3.5 percent, indicating the significance of infrastructure construction.
Zhang Yuyan quoted an old Chinese saying, "Cope with shifting events by sticking to a fundamental principle." He said given the current context, the fundamental principle has several layers of connotation, among which international cooperation is the most important one. China has been following this principle all along.
Li Daokui, Director of the Academic Center for Chinese Economic Practice and Thinking, Tsinghua University, said, "China has become the largest engine and shock absorber for the world economy after 70 years of its development."
The past 10 years have seen China contribute one fourth to one third of the global growth. The experience and lessons accumulated during the 70 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China are helping many countries in their development drive.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, Speaker of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the Congress in the Philippines and former President of the island state, agreed with Li. She said China's development has made the world realize that each country can find its own way of development according to its own situation.
Among all the efforts by China to promote integration in Asia and globalization, the Belt and Road is a major initiative. Proposed by China in 2013, it has since gained momentum with countries and regions along the envisioned land and maritime routes joining in. The recent signing of a Belt and Road cooperation memorandum of understanding between China and Italy is a new proof of the initiative's popularity.
China's deepening reform and opening up is also one of the ways to not only benefit China itself, but contribute to global development, Long Yongtu, former BFA Secretary General, said.
"While experiencing miraculous development, China also faces challenges," Francois Hollande, former President of France, said, suggesting China could follow up with new ways to respond to climate change and the problem of an ageing population.
Long emphasized that China has always sought a peaceful environment for development. It is an upholder of international order rather than a disruptor. "There is an old Chinese saying that time reveals a man's heart," he said. "Time will prove what China's role is in the world."


text:
This Little-Known Source Of Protein Is Better For Building Muscle Than Milk
Here's Why Going To The Gym Makes You So Gassy
The Best Foods You Can Eat To Fight Diseases
Adding This Food To Your Diet Can Reduce Your Risk Of Bowel Cancer
Breakthrough Discovery Could Stop Allergies, Eczema And Deadly Anaphylaxis
Here's Everything Coming To Netflix in July 2019
This Is The Female Body Shape That Men Find Most Attractive
French Tennis Player's Son Rushes On Court To Console Him After French Open Loss
This Personality Trait Can Help You Gain An Extra 30k Per Year
New Study Reveals The Secret To Curbing Cravings For Sweet and Salty Food
Male Birth Control Pill Passes First Stage Of Rigorous Safety Trials
How far away is it from our shelves? - by Grace Back
The testing of a new male birth control pill means we are closer to producing effective oral contraception for men.
The pill, known as 11-beta-MNTDC, has passed the first round of rigorous human safety tests, with research from the Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and the University of Washington showing promising results. Unlike other male contraceptives that have been previously tested, this drug managed to safely reduce hormones required for sperm reduction without drastically affecting men's sex drives or sexual performance.
"Our results suggest that this pill, which combines two hormonal activities in one, will decrease sperm production while preserving libido," Dr Christina Wang from LA BioMed said in a report. These results are groundbreaking, but it is still very early in the drugs inception. It is yet to be submitted for approval by the Good and Drug Administration.
It could still be 10 years before we see male contraception as a readily available product.
RELATED: Researchers Put New Male Contraceptive On Trial
The initial study involved 40 healthy men, with 14 receiving 200mg of the 11-beta-MNTDC drug, 16 receiving 400mg, and the rest receiving a placebo. The doses were taken daily with food for 28 days. On average, the men receiving doses of the drug experienced a drop in testosterone levels without experiencing any severe side effects. The study also found the effects of the drug were reversible after stopping treatment.
According to Dr Wang, between four and six men experienced mild side effects like fatigue, acne or headaches. These are common effects experienced by women who take the contraceptive pill.
RELATED: Your Fertility Can Be At Risk In A Shockingly Short Period Of Time
This male contraceptive works by acting as a synthetic form of testosterone, professor of medicine at the University of Washington School of Medicine, Stephanie Page said.
"11-beta-MNTDC mimics testosterone through the rest of the body but is not concentrated enough in the testes to support sperm production," Dr Page said. "We are developing two oral drugs in parallel in an attempt to move the (contraceptive medicine) field forward."
This article originally appeared on marie claire


text:
using v8::FunctionTemplate;
using v8::Integer;
using v8::Local;
using v8::ObjectTemplate;
using v8::String;

Nan::Persistent<Function> WrappedRE2::constructor;

static NAN_METHOD(GetUtf8Length) {
	String::Value s(info[0]->ToString());
	info.GetReturnValue().Set(static_cast<int>(getUtf8Length(*s, *s + s.length())));
}

static NAN_METHOD(GetUtf16Length) {
	if (node::Buffer::HasInstance(info[0])) {
		char* s = node::Buffer::Data(info[0]);
		info.GetReturnValue().Set(static_cast<int>(getUtf16Length(s, s + node::Buffer::Length(info[0]))));
		return;
	}
	info.GetReturnValue().Set(-1);
}

void WrappedRE2::Initialize(Handle<Object> exports, Handle<Object> module) {

	// prepare constructor template
	Local<FunctionTemplate> tpl = Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(New);
	tpl->SetClassName(Nan::New("RE2").ToLocalChecked());
	tpl->InstanceTemplate()->SetInternalFieldCount(1);

	// prototype

	Nan::SetPrototypeMethod(tpl, "toString", ToString);

	Nan::SetPrototypeMethod(tpl, "exec",     Exec);
	Nan::SetPrototypeMethod(tpl, "test",     Test);

	Nan::SetPrototypeMethod(tpl, "match",    Match);
	Nan::SetPrototypeMethod(tpl, "replace",  Replace);
	Nan::SetPrototypeMethod(tpl, "search",   Search);
	Nan::SetPrototypeMethod(tpl, "split",    Split);

	Local<ObjectTemplate> proto = tpl->PrototypeTemplate();
	Nan::SetAccessor(proto, Nan::New("source").ToLocalChecked(),     GetSource);
	Nan::SetAccessor(proto, Nan::New("global").ToLocalChecked(),     GetGlobal);
	Nan::SetAccessor(proto, Nan::New("ignoreCase").ToLocalChecked(), GetIgnoreCase);
	Nan::SetAccessor(proto, Nan::New("multiline").ToLocalChecked(),  GetMultiline);
	Nan::SetAccessor(proto, Nan::New("lastIndex").ToLocalChecked(),  GetLastIndex, SetLastIndex);

	Local<Function> fun = Nan::GetFunction(tpl).ToLocalChecked();
	Nan::Export(fun, "getUtf8Length",  GetUtf8Length);
	Nan::Export(fun, "getUtf16Length", GetUtf16Length);
	constructor.Reset(fun);

	// return constructor as module's export
	Nan::Set(module, Nan::New("exports").ToLocalChecked(), fun);
}

void Initialize(Handle<Object> exports, Handle<Object> module) {
	WrappedRE2::Initialize(exports, module);
}

NODE_MODULE(re2, Initialize)


Aaj na din ni dua, Ghari nu details, Sadako etc. Must visit on daily basis.
Akhbar of Huzurala(TUS), and lots of other stuff on this site.
Mumineen.org is an independent organization. It is not an official organ of Dawat-e-Hadiyah, nor will its activities reflect that. It is a top notch information portal.


I was welcomed into this wonderful Australian restaurant by a smiling host as modern pop music played in the background. Lantana is named after an iconic Australian flowering plant. It is a bright, airy restaurant with black, white and teal contemporary decor, wooden floorboards and exposed beams with spotlights to the ceiling. The seating was padded and comfortable, a mix of benches and chairs. Some high chairs were also situated around the counter.
I was led to a table deemed suitable for a solo diner which faced the large window allowing me to watch the world go by. A bottle of complimentary filtered water was brought to me along with the menu.
The enticing menu offered a good selection of starters ranging in price from £2.50-3.50 with the exception of a meze sharing platter. Dishes included toasted courgette and kale bread with chilli jam, bread with olive oil and hazelnut dukkah and giant gordal olives. I chose the pan fried whole edamame beans with vegan cashew mayo which were superb. They were served piping hot with a sprinkling of spice and salt, accompanied by a generous serving of creamy, smooth mayo. Dare I say, they are the best edamame beans I have eaten to date!
Mains were priced between £9.50-£13.50. Additional toppings and sides were available for an extra charge. A good selection of meat, vegetarian and vegan dishes were available, as well as dairy free and gluten free options. Choosing a main course was difficult! When you see some of the dishes on offer you will see why!
Eventually, I chose the vegan Teriyaki Tofu which was incredible. The tofu was crisp on the outside and creamy inside covered in a sticky teriyaki sauce. This complemented the spicy, coconut chilli samba and crunchy, rainbow asian slaw beautifully.
Desserts were priced at £5 and included a selection of cakes, chocolate mousse with honeycomb and candied walnuts and poached pairs with coconut yogurt, candied orange and pistachio crumble.
A variety of alcoholic and non alcoholic drinks were available as well as teas, coffees, smoothies and juices. I chose the honey, ginger and lemon tea, served in its very own teapot with infuser. It tasted fresh and was steaming hot, delicious!
The service at this Australian restaurant was excellent. The staff were polite, attentive and friendly. I was frequently asked if everything was good with my meal. I noticed staff cleaned up the other tables very quickly as other guests left, leaving the restaurant looking spotlessly clean and tidy.
I would definitely return here. The food was outstanding, not just taste and quality but presentation and menu choices too. There are so many things I would like to try. The seating areas were great for solo diners, some beside or facing the window and others positioned around the counter where the drinks are made. There were also several other solo diners there.


text:
All Categories (28) Admission (7) Museum Galleries (2) Science Gallery (2) Planetarium (5) Membership (7) Gift Memberships (7) Public Programs (3) Donation (3) Tribute Gala (1) All Dates (28) Today (23) Tomorrow (23) Monday Jan 30, 2023 (18) Tuesday Jan 31, 2023 (22) Wednesday Feb 1, 2023 (22) Next 7 Days (24) Next 30 Days (24)
Donation: Annual Campaign
Support the ongoing activities and programs of the Manitoba Museum.
Donation: In Honour / In Memory
Donate in memory of a special person in your life, or in honour of their special occasion.
Donation: The Manitoba Museum Foundation
Support the long-term future of the Manitoba Museum.
Membership: Adult
Note: If you are purchasing a gift of membership for someone else, please click here.
A Manitoba Museum Adult Membership includes one person (18-64).
Membership: Family
A Manitoba Museum Family Membership includes two adults (18+) and three youth (3-17). Additional people can be added to the membership for a fee (Adult Add-On: $30 / Youth Add-On: $20). A maximum of 3 add-ons applies.
Membership: Organization
A Manitoba Museum Organization Membership includes 8 member cards addressed to the name of the business (for-profit or non-profit). Member cards can be distributed to the business staff and clients as the business sees fit.
Membership: Pair
A Manitoba Museum Pair Membership includes two people (18-64).


Darling Harbour is a suburb of Sydney, New South Wales and is about 1 km southwest of NSW's capital city of Sydney.
Alexandria is 3 kms south.
Darling Island is 1 km north-northwest.
Darlinghurst is 2 kms east-southeast.
Eveleigh is 3 kms south-southwest.
Glebe is 1 km southwest.
Golden Grove is 2 kms south-southwest.
Taylor Square is 2 kms east-southeast.
Woolloomooloo is 2 kms east-northeast.


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Shimano Mountain Bike Gears How To Use Bicycle Efficiently USJ CYCLES 7. Shimano Mountain Bike Gears 2011 Components Dyna Sys And XTR 0. Shimano Mountain Bike Gears Buy Gear Parts Components Barang Online Bicycle 19. Shimano Mountain Bike Gears Groupsets Everything You Need To Know BikeRadar 1. Shimano Mountain Bike Gears Ultimate Guide To BikeRadar 5.