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Subject: How Broker Fees Crush Your Profits, and What to Do About It
URL: https://mney.co/2KoIMrx
How Broker Fees Crush Your Profits, and What to Do About It
By David Zeiler, Associate Editor, Money Morning • @DavidGZeiler • May 14, 2018
Picking investments that will deliver a positive return is hard enough without someone undermining those gains every step of the way.
That's exactly what happens with broker fees. The commissions on trades and annual account maintenance fees take a big bite out of your profits every year.
Fees vary widely among brokers, and some are less apparent than others. For instance, brokers sometimes receive marketing and service fees from mutual fund management companies - costs passed along to clients.
The range of fees - most even charge you for closing and moving your account - mean it's easy to get nickeled and dimed to death.
That's not to say that brokers don't provide services that have value. And more experienced investors can reduce the impact by going with discount brokers that offer less advice and hand-holding in exchange for lower fees.
But no investor can avoid broker fees altogether.
And the steady drain on their accounts does serious damage to their long-term profits.
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Even seemingly small fees can have a dramatic impact on your returns over time.
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has published an investor bulletin that illustrates how this works...
How Much Broker Fees Really Cost You
The SEC bulletin discusses a hypothetical scenario in which an investor with a $100,000 portfolio pays 1% in ongoing fees. That doesn't sound like much, right?
But projected over 20 years, that small fee causes major damage. For a portfolio earning a modest gain of 4% a year, that 1% fee alone reduces gains by $28,000. That money would itself have earned an additional return of $12,000 over 20 years.
So that 1% fee reduced total gains from $120,000 to $80,000. That's one-third of this hypothetical investor's profits gone into the pockets of his broker.
Of course, each individual situation is different. But it's clear that even "small" broker fees can inflict a lot of pain.
At the same time, this truth about fees explains why brokers earn much more than the average American worker.
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average broker salary in 2017 was $131,090 - more than 2.5 times the average U.S. wage of $50,620.
Most Americans would be thrilled with a salary in that range.
Now, brokers aren't doing anything wrong. They're simply serving as "middlemen," earning their keep by facilitating trades and dispensing advice.
"Banks, institutional firms... every major player in finance makes their money in the middle... collecting fees," said Money Morning Capital Wave Strategist Shah Gilani. "Everyday investors have been the ones coughing up those fees and taking on all the risk."
But instead of getting upset about this, Gilani said investors should take a page from the brokers' book.
How to Make Money as a "Middleman"
Gilani, a Wall Street veteran who has made millions trading stocks over more than 36 years, has developed a way for individual investors to become a kind of middleman themselves, by executing what he calls "middleman trades."
This strategy has proven so successful, Gilani said he's done with stocks.
In today's chaotic market, this could be the perfect way to make enormous profits, each and every week. You could collect THOUSANDS of dollars from the markets just by pressing a single button on your computer - without touching a single stock (or stock option). For a limited time, we're revealing all the details with Money Morning readers. Find out more here.
Follow me on Twitter @DavidGZeiler and Money Morning on Twitter @moneymorning, Facebook, or LinkedIn
David Zeiler
Browse David's articles | View David's research services
David Zeiler, Associate Editor for Money Morning at Money Map Press, has been a journalist for more than 35 years, including 18 spent at The Baltimore Sun. He has worked as a writer, editor, and page designer at different times in his career. He's interviewed a number of well-known personalities - ranging from punk rock icon Joey Ramone to Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Wozniak.
Over the course of his journalistic career, Dave has covered many diverse subjects. Since arriving at Money Morning in 2011, he has focused primarily on technology. He's an expert on both Apple and cryptocurrencies. He started writing about Apple for The Sun in the mid-1990s, and had an Apple blog on The Sun's web site from 2007-2009. Dave's been writing about Bitcoin since 2011 - long before most people had even heard of it. He even mined it for a short time.
Dave has a BA in English and Mass Communications from Loyola University Maryland.


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Liberty's 1961 Baseball Team Remembers it's Finest Season
posted by Basd Nation | 6sc
60 years later, Liberty's 1961 baseball team remembers school's finest season! Nat "Junior" Gencarelli insists the record was 18-0. Several of his teammates argue it was 17-0, a fact backed up by Liberty High School's yearbook.
17-0, 18-0, it doesn't matter.
No one could dispute the excellence of the 1961 Hurricanes baseball team. The talented squad was undefeated en route to a District 11 championship. And 60 years later, the memories bring smiles and pride to those who played together.
Many of the teammates gathered recently at the school's baseball field. And while many things have changed over the years, the team's camaraderie and chemistry hasn't been affected by the passage of time.
It remains a tight-knit group that can pick right up from where it left off in the spring season that came shortly after the inauguration of John F. Kennedy as president.
Click here for this Morning Call story by Keith Groller.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Handing down wealth to kids is often a no-win situation.
Parents work hard to make money to leave their kids. Then they have to work to offset the impact of money on their kids' lives. Even then, the results aren't always successful (how many Kardashian sisters are there now?).
A new study from Los Angeles-based Bel Air Investment Advisors, surveying wealthy kids and families attending a "next generation" seminar, shows that families are well aware of the the pitfalls of inherited wealth –- yet they keep on passing it down.
Even if they get the money, the money is a cause for more worry. Nearly two out of three respondents are "very concerned" about growing their wealth.
So what's the right strategy for money and kids? It depends on the kid, of course. But I have yet to hear a good overall answer. Leaving no money to kids creates its ownresentments (even Warren Buffett of "lucky sperm club" fame has left millions to his kids).
And leaving entire fortunes to kids can wreak havoc on their lives.
Is there a "right" amount of money to leave to kids?


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text:
Trypsinogen
Trypsinogen (EC 3.4.23.18/20/21/23/24/26) (/ˌtrɪpˈsɪnədʒən, -ˌdʒɛn/[1][2]) is the precursor form or zymogen of trypsin, a digestive enzyme. Produced by the pancreas, it is found in pancreatic juice, along with amylase, lipase, and chymotrypsinogen. It is activated by enterokinase, which is found in the intestinal mucosa, to form trypsin. Once activated, the trypsin can activate more trypsinogen into trypsin. Trypsin cleaves the peptide bond on the carboxyl side of basic amino acids such as arginine and lysine.
2 Activation of trypsinogen
3 Safeguards against trypsinogen activation
4 Serum trypsinogen
5 Trypsinogen isoforms
6 Diseases
Trypsinogen, as a precursor of trypsin, functions as storage of an inactive form of trypsin so that it may be kept in the pancreas and released in significant amount when required for protein digestion. It is released by the pancreas itself along with other enzymes.[3]
Activation of trypsinogen[edit]
Trypsinogen is activated by enteropeptidase (also called enterokinase). Enteropeptidase is produced by the mucosa of duodenum and it cleaves the peptide bond of trypsinogen after residue 15, which is a lysine. The N-terminal peptide is discarded, and a slight rearrangement of the folded protein occurs. The newly formed N-terminal residue (residue 16) inserts into a cleft, where its α-amino group forms an ion pair with the aspartate near the active site serine, and results in the conformational rearrangement of other residues. The amino group of Gly 193 orientates itself into the correct position, which completes the oxyanion hole in active site, thereby activating the protein.[4] Since trypsin also cleaves the peptide bond after an arginine or a lysine, it can cleave other trypsinogen, and the activation process therefore becomes autocatalytic.
Safeguards against trypsinogen activation[edit]
Trypsin is produced, stored and released as the inactive trypsinogen to ensure that the protein is only activated in the appropriate location. Premature trypsin activation can be destructive and may trigger a series of events that lead to pancreatic self-digestion. In normal pancreas, around 5% of trypsinogens are thought to get activated, therefore there are a number of defenses against such inappropriate activation. Trypsinogen is stored in intracellular vesicles in the pancreas called zymogen granules whose membranous walls are thought to be resistant to enzymatic degradation. A further safeguard against inappropriate trypsin activation is the presence of inhibitors such as bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) and serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 1 (SPINK1), which binds to any trypsin formed. Trypsin autocatalytic activation of trypsinogen is also a slow process due to the presence of a large negative charge on the conserved N-terminal hexapeptide of trypsinogen, which repels the aspartate on the back of trypsin's specificity pocket.[5] Trypsin may also inactivate other trypsin by cleavage.
Serum trypsinogen[edit]
Serum trypsinogen is measured using a blood test. High levels are seen in acute pancreatitis and cystic fibrosis.[citation needed]
Trypsinogen isoforms[edit]
Three isoforms of trypsinogens may be found in human pancreatic juice. These are the cationic, anionic, and meso trypsinogen, and they account for 23.1%, 16%, and 0.5% of total pancreatic secretory proteins, respectively.[6] Other forms of trypsinogen have been found in other organisms.
Diseases[edit]
Pancreatitis can be the result of inappropriate activation of trypsinogen in the pancreas. Some type of pancreatitis may be associated with mutant forms of trypsinogen. A mutation at Arg 117, a trypsin-sensitive site, in cationic trypsinogen has been implicated in hereditary pancreatitis, a rare form of early-onset genetic disorder. Arg 117 may be a fail-safe mechanism by which trypsin, when activated within the pancreas, may become inactivated, and loss of this cleavage site would result in a loss of control and permit autodigestion resulting in pancreatitis.[7] Other mutations have also been found that are linked to pancreatitis.[8]
^ "Trypsinogen". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2016-01-25.
^ "Trypsinogen". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House. Retrieved 2016-01-25.
^ Mayer, J; Rau, B; Schoenberg, MH; Beger, HG (September 1999). "Mechanism and role of trypsinogen activation in acute pancreatitis". Hepatogastroenterology. 46 (29): 2757–2763. PMID 10576341.
^ Thomas E Creighton (1993). Proteins: Structures and Molecular Properties (2nd ed.). W H Freeman and Company. p. 434. ISBN 0-7167-2317-4.
^ Voet & Voet (1995). Biochemistry (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 399–400. ISBN 0-471-58651-X.
^ Scheele G, Bartelt D, Bieger W (March 1981). "Characterization of human exocrine pancreatic proteins by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis". Gastroenterology. 80 (3): 461–73. PMID 6969677.
^ Whitcomb DC, Gorry MC, Preston RA, Furey W, Sossenheimer MJ, Ulrich CD, Martin SP, Gates LK, Amann ST, Toskes PP, Liddle R, McGrath K, Uomo G, Post JC, Ehrlich GD (1996). "Hereditary pancreatitis is caused by a mutation in the cationic trypsinogen gene". Nature Genetics. 14 (2): 141–5. doi:10.1038/ng1096-141. PMID 8841182.
^ Rebours V, Lévy P, Ruszniewski P (2011). "An overview of hereditary pancreatitiss". Digestive and Liver Disease. 44 (1): 8–15. doi:10.1016/j.dld.2011.08.003. PMID 21907651.
Trypsinogen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Proteases: aspartate proteases (EC 3.4.23)
Pepsin
Chymosin
Renin
Signal peptide peptidase
Beta secretase
Plasmepsin
HIV-1 protease
Nepenthesin
Catalytic triad
Oxyanion hole
Enzyme promiscuity
Catalytically perfect enzyme
Coenzyme
Enzyme catalysis
Allosteric regulation
Cooperativity
Enzyme activator
Enzyme superfamily
Enzyme family
List of enzymes
Enzyme kinetics
Eadie–Hofstee diagram
Hanes–Woolf plot
Lineweaver–Burk plot
Michaelis–Menten kinetics
EC1 Oxidoreductases (list)
EC2 Transferases (list)
EC3 Hydrolases (list)
EC4 Lyases (list)
EC5 Isomerases (list)
EC6 Ligases (list)
EC7 Translocases (list)
Molecular and Cellular Biology portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trypsinogen&oldid=852466070"
EC 3.4.23


text:
ICAAP and NCDC Jointly Release a Handbook on Global Good Practices for Cooperatives
Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh addresses India-UK meet on "Sustaining Food Production under Environmental Stress"
Home » District Diary » Odisha :Another instance of a mother giving birth to conjoined twins
Odisha :Another instance of a mother giving birth to conjoined twins
in District Diary December 2, 2017	0 691 Views
Nayagarh:2/12/17; After successful completion of the cranial separation surgery of Kandhamal's conjoined twins Jaga and Kalia, who are still making headlines and are undergoing treatment at AIIMS Hospital in New Delhi, yet another instance of a mother giving birth to conjoined twins is doing rounds in Odisha's Nayagarh district on Friday.
Reportedly, conjoined twin girls were born to Kishor Kumar Dutta and Sumitra Dutta of Pancharidamanapur under Sarankul police limits in Nayagarh district. The female babies are joined to their stomach and chest who took birth last night in a private hospital in the district.
The duo was shifted to the District Headquarters Hospital and kept in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and later on they were further shifted to Sishu Bhawan in Cuttack as their health condition was not good. The mother and twins are said to be critical.
Meanwhile, Kishore Kumar Dutta has urged the state government to support him financially for the treatment of his conjoined kids and wife.
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text:
Review: The Most Dangerous Duke in London by Madeline Hunter
Sometimes when I am rearranging my bookshelves (not done as often as tidiness would dictate), a book falls off the shelve in such a way that I assume the universe thinks I need to read it right then. That was the case with this historical romance. After literally months of stop and start kitchen renovations, I was fiddling with the books from the bookshelves tucked under the counter when this one fell into my lap. And heaven knows I needed a happily ever after kind of read what with the frustrations of the construction (which, incidentally, is still ongoing) so this was exact kind of book I needed to read. Madeline Hunter knows how to draw entertaining characters, add in sly humor, and wrap up with an ending that suits the story and she does just that in The Most Dangerous Duke in London.
Adam Penrose is the Duke of Stratton and he's the titular most dangerous duke in London by virtue of his reputation for duels and a quick temper. He's recently returned from France and wants to clear his late father's name of the vile whispers of treason that have swirled around since shortly before his father took his own life some years ago. Adam has an inkling who might be behind the rumors and he is determined to have his revenge. And he thinks that punishing the late Marwood's family might just be very appealing once he catches a glimpse of Marwood's daughter, not the young and perfect Emilia though, the on who is presented to him as a peace offering between the families, but instead the older daughter, the headstrong Lady Clara Cheswick, who has no intention of ever marrying, and certainly not a man who thinks ill of her beloved late father. Adam pursues Clara even as he continues to try and uncover the truth about his father. Clara, for her part, while attracted to Adam, is determined to maintain her independence (she inherited an unentailed piece of land) and to continue to hide the fact that she secretly funds the publishing of a progressive journal written by women.
The chemistry between Adam and Clara is intense and juicy. The scenes where Adam courts Clara while she resists are entertaining indeed. In fact, their relationship is quite the game of chase. But while it might sound as if Clara's wishes are not taken into consideration, Adam does give her the time and leeway to choose for herself (although he never doubts that she will marry him eventually). For much of the novel, the search for the source of the whispers about Adam's father's possible treason, rumors easy to believe in part because of Adam's French mother, takes a large backseat to the ongoing frisson between Adam and Clara. And once Adam gets closer to the truth, it jeopardizes their burgeoning relationship. The uncovering of the truth is well done and genuinely surprising even if smaller aspects of the truth were pretty evident long before the final reveal. Set just after the Regency period in England yet still in the shadow of Napoleon, this is a book with two equals as main characters, great chemistry and steamy bits, and a plot I haven't seen too much of before. Historical romance fans will find a lot to enjoy here in this start to Hunter's Decadent Dukes series.
Thanks to the publisher for sending me a copy of this book for review.
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text:
Q: How can I get 2 integer values from one input? I'm only in 10th grade and there is an exercise where I have to get an input like (input = 1/2) and this input needs to be stored in 2 different integers and I don't know how to do that.
Any help is appreciated.
Sorry if this question sounds dumb, but this is my first post here and I don't know the etiquette.
Thanks in advance!

A: Read two integers and ignore/match the character between them. The nicest way to match the character would be a manipulator:
std::istream& slash(std::istream& in) {
    if ((in >> std::ws).peek() == '/') {
        in.ignore();
    }
    else {
        in.setstate(std::ios_base::failbit);
    }
    return *this;
}

int main() {
    int numerator, denominator;
    if (std::cin >> numerator >> slash >> denominator) {
        std::cout << " read " << numerator << '/' << denominator << '\n';
    }
}

A: Simply use the existing iostream functionality. There is nothing complicated about that. String parsing is not necessary. The inserter operator will skip whit spaces. Additionally, it will convert your given values into an integer variable. The slash will be read, checked and then discarded.
#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int number1{}, number2{};
    char slash{};

    std::cout << "\nEnter a string: ";

    if (std::cin >> number1 >> slash >> number2 && slash == '/') {
        std::cout << "\n\nNumber 1: " << number1 << "\nNumber 2: " << number2 << "\n\n";
    }
    else {
        std::cerr << "\nError: invalid input\n\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

A: Solution:
Take the input as a std::string and then parse it.
Full code:
#include <iostream>

std::pair<int,int> inputNumbers()
{
    std::string input;
    std::cout << "Input: ";
    std::cin >> input;
    size_t slashPos = input.find('/');
    if(slashPos == input.npos || slashPos == 0 || slashPos == input.size() - 1)
    {
        std::cout << "Error! Please try again.\n";
        exit(0);
    }
    std::pair<int,int> ret;
    try
    {
        ret.first = std::stoi(input.substr(0,slashPos));
        ret.second = std::stoi(input.substr(slashPos+1,input.size()-slashPos-1));
    }
    catch(std::invalid_argument&)
    {
        std::cout << "Error! Please try again.\n";
        exit(0);
    }
    return ret;
}

int main() {
    std::pair<int,int> inputs = inputNumbers();
    std::cout << "First number: " << inputs.first << ". Second number: " << inputs.second << ".\n";
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home Chemistry New catalyst opens door to carbon dioxide capture in conversion of coal...
New catalyst opens door to carbon dioxide capture in conversion of coal to liquid fuels
World energy consumption projections predict that coal will remain one of the world's main energy sources in coming decades, and a growing share of it will be used in CTL, the conversion of coal to liquid fuels. Researchers from the National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy in Beijing and Eindhoven University of Technology have developed iron-based catalysts that substantially reduce operating costs and open the door to capturing the large amounts of CO2 that are generated by CTL. Their results are published in the journal Science Advances.
To understand the significance of this achievement, some knowledge of the CTL process is required. The first stage is the conversion of coal to syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2). Using the so-called Fischer-Tropsch process, these components are converted to liquid fuels. But before that can be done, the composition of the syngas has to be changed to ensure the process results in liquid fuels. So some of the CO is removed from the syngas by converting it to CO2 in a process called water-gas shift.
The researchers tackled a key problem in Fischer-Tropsch reactors. As in most chemical processing, catalysts are required to enable the reactions. CTL catalysts are mainly iron-based. Unfortunately, they convert some 30 percent of the CO to unwanted CO2, a byproduct that in this stage is hard to capture and thereby often released in large volumes, consuming a lot of energy without benefit.
The Beijing and Eindhoven researchers discovered that the CO2 release occurs because the iron based catalysts are not pure, but consist of several components. They were able to produce a pure form of a specific iron carbide, called epsilon iron carbide, that has a very low CO2 selectivity. In other words, it generates almost no CO2 at all. The existence was already known, but until now, it had not been stable enough for the harsh Fischer-Tropsch process. The Sino-Dutch research team has now shown that this instability is caused by impurities in the catalyst. The phase-pure epsilon iron carbide they developed is, by contrast, stable and remains functional, even under typical industrial processing conditions of 23 bar and 250 degrees C.
The new catalyst eliminates nearly all CO2 generation in the Fischer-Tropsch reactor. This can reduce the energy needed and the operating costs by roughly €25 million per year for a typical CTL plant. The CO2 that was previously released in this stage can now be removed in the preceding water-gas shift stage. That is good news, because it is much easier to capture in this stage. The technology to make this happen is called CCUS (carbon capture, utilization and storage). It has been developed by other parties and is already being applied in several pilot plants.
The conversion of coal to liquid fuels is especially relevant in coal-rich countries that have to import oil for their supply of liquid fuels, such as China and the US. "We are aware that our new technology facilitates the use of coal-derived fossil fuels. However, it is very likely that coal-rich countries will keep on exploiting their coal reserves in the decades ahead. We want to help them do this in the most sustainable way," says lead researcher professor Emiel Hensen of Eindhoven University of Technology.
The research results are likely to reduce the efforts to develop CTL catalysts based on cobalt. Cobalt based catalysts do not have the CO2 problem, but they are expensive and quickly becoming a scarce resource due to cobalt use in batteries, which account for half of the total cobalt consumption.
Hensen expects that the newly developed catalysts will also play an import role in the future energy and basic chemicals industry. The feedstock will not be coal or gas, but waste and biomass. Syngas will continue to be the central element, as it is also the intermediate product in the conversion of these new feedstocks.
Eindhoven University of Technology
Peng Wang et al. Synthesis of stable and low-CO2 selective ε-iron carbide Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. Science Advances (2018). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau2947
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyzed via ε-iron carbide: CO2-free production of hydrocarbons
Credit: Robin J.P. Broos & Emiel J. M. Hensen
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text:
Shepherd Mclaughlin
June 7, 2020 June 7, 2020 by Bikram Karki
Call it the perks or cons, but whenever you are related to a celebrity, there is a high chance that you become one. The case is same with Shepherd Mclaughlin, who rose to prominence as the son of comedian cum YouTuber Rhett McLaughlin. Interestingly, the celebrity child followed his parents and started working in the showbiz industry quite young. So, today we take you close to the personal life, early life, and net worth of Shepherd McLaughlin.
Shepherd McLaughlin's Career as a Child Actor
Being the son of director Rhett McLaughlin and mother Jessie Jane, one might say that Shepherd always had his acting career coming. However, no one assumed that it would come quite early as it happened to him. In fact, he made his debut in a short movie, 'Star Bound' in 2014, when he was just five years old. While the 11-year-old is yet to decide on his full-time career growing up, there is a high chance that he will go on to become an actor, just like his father, Rhett McLaughlin.
Shepherd McLaughlin started acting from the age of five. Source: Instagram
Besides the big-screen, McLaughlin also performed several roles in Rhett's YouTube channels. He featured in some videos of 'Rhett & Link','Good Mythical More,' and 'Good Mythical Morning.' On the other hand, his father is popular for his documentary 'Looking for Ms.Locklear' alongside partner Charles Lincoln Neal III.
Shepherd McLaughlin's Net Worth
As a child with barely any experience, Shepherd McLaughlin is just a student. While he featured in some movies and YouTube videos, he didn't appear on them to earn a living. Currently, he is focused upon his academics as he attends his school education. Consequently, there is nothing disclosed regarding information about his net worth. As per estimates, the son of a millionaire amasses a whopping net worth of $25,000 as of 2020.
Shepherd McLaughlin's father Rhett McLaughlin owns a net worth of $16 million. Source: Instagram
Shepherd McLaughlin enjoys a lavishing life, considering how his father is an established YouTube personality. Surprisingly, Rhett McLaughlin owns a whopping net worth of $16 million from his career online and as a comedian.
Shepherd McLaughlin's Early Life
Shepherd McLaughlin was born in 2009 to comedian Rhett McLaughlin and mother Jessie Lane. He grew up in his birth town of Los Angeles, California. Moreover, he belongs to the White American ethnicity and is American by nationality. The celebrity child shares his bloodline with his sibling brother, Locke McLaughlin, who also features in his father's videos.
Shepherd McLaughlin is the son of Rhett McLaughlin. Source: Instagram
Besides Star Bound, Shepherd also featured in 'Roblox: The Movie' when he was just five years old. Luckily, he enjoys a resounding childhood as the youngest member of the family. His parents tied the knot way back on March 29, 2001, and are blissfully together to date with no signs of divorce.
Also See: The Net Worth of WDTV 5 News Journalist Liz Newton.
Shepherd often features in his father's social media handle alongside brother Locke. Furthermore, the two even travel several places around the country in different family vacations.
For more news and updates about your favorite stars, please stay connected with us at Featured Biography.
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Entry in: Affirmative Action: An Encyclopedia / edited by James A. Beckman. Published in Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2004. Pages 886-889.
Title VI of the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national origin in the conduct of any federally financed program.
Dietrich, John W., "Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964" (2004). History and Social Sciences Book Publications. Paper 47.


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HomeGDPR NewsMore GDPR Penalties applied in the UK than in Italy & France Combined
More GDPR Penalties applied in the UK than in Italy & France Combined
October 29, 2020 GDPR News GDPR News Comments Off on More GDPR Penalties applied in the UK than in Italy & France Combined
A report released by BuyShares has revealed that the United Kingdom tops for the imposition of data breach penalties with €132.7 million in the total value of General Data Protection Regulation fines since the legislation was became enforceable on May 25 2018.
To gain a true understanding of how high this figure is it was also revealed that it is higher than the combined total of fines sanctioned in Germany and Italy combined. However, there are some mitigating reason for the figure in the UK being so high. One reason is that the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) in the UK hit Marriott International with a €110.4m GDPR penalty as a result of a cyber attack taking place that affected approximately 340m client records. In addition to this there was the recent €22m GDPR fine sanctioned against British Airways for failing to protect the personal and financial details of more than 400,000 of its customers. While the fine that BA received is quite significant, it is much lower than the initial €204.6m fine that had been proposed in 2019. The financial impact of the COVID10 pandemic played a part in the fine being reduced.
Indeed, the largest five fines for GDPR breaches in the European Union account for 705 of the total fines sanctioned since the data privacy legislation became live in 2018. These five penalties include, along with the Marriot penalty and BA (1st and 5th on the list respectively):
Google being penalized to the tun eof €50m in France by the data protection regulator, CNIL, in relation to not supplying users with details on its data consent policies and allocating them more management of their private data.
H&M Hennes & Mauritz Online Shop was ranked third on this list with €35.2m worth GDPR penalty for the insufficient legal basis for data processing
The €27m GDPR breach fine for Italian telecommunications operator TIM. This penalty was applied on January 15, 2020 for unlawful data processing, non-compliant aggressive marketing strategy, and invalid collection of consents.
Together these five data breach penalties resulted in fines greater then €245m or 70% of cumulative GDPR fine value.
On a country by country scale Germany was ranked second behind the UK with €61.6m in the cumulative value of GDPR fines. On October 1st, 2020, the H&M Hennes & Mauritz Online Shop fine became the most severe sanction in the country. In third place came Italy where the Italian data protection authority (Garante) applied €57.3m worth of GDPR fines since the legislation was introduced. The TIM fine was the largest in Italy.
Following Italy France came in fourth with a cumulative €51.3m of GDPR financial penalties, the Google fine making up 97.5% of the total.
Other countries included were Austria, Sweden, and Spain follow, with, €18 million, €7million, and €3.9 million, respectively.
To date more than €344m GDPR fines have been sanctioned in the EU, with almost €119mo this figure imposed at some point during 2020.
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AM Business
Dogonyaro, a cash tree for local investors
Jennifer Abraham
Dogonyaro (Azadiractin indica) or neem is widely known in Nigeria and has traditionally been used as a herbal remedy for malaria. However, its cash spinning potential is slowly being realised as the world watches India continue to roll out products ranging from contraceptives to anti-diabetic drugs annually and raking in a tidy income, aside from the employment benefits it provides for the populace.
The journey to scientific documentation and knowledge sharing on Neem resources began when Prof. H. Schmutterer, a German scientist working in Sudan during an outbreak of locusts in the region in the late 1950s observed that the locusts did not defoliate the Neem trees as they did the other plants.
He later went to work to discover the secrets of Neem's pesticidal properties. Curiously, it has its uncanny way of distinguishing between harmful and beneficial insects. Athough its activities cover well over 450 known insect pests and nematodes, it does not harm animals and beneficial insects such as honeybees.
It does not pollute underground water or the atmosphere like the inorganic pesticides. In fact, it has been found to be a valuable medicinal component in the formulation of poultry and animal feeds. Small-scale Neem-based biopesticide plants can be established across the country to reduce cost of fertilisers and pesticides.
Madagascar women use it for skin care. Knowledge of its spermicidal properties is also widespread there as women also use it for birth control.
Latin American ranch people bottle feed their calves with Neem seed extracts to de-worm them; a remedy which they say is highly effective and affordable.
In Central Sudan, farmers place crushed Neem leaves on their water melon farms to protect the fruits from field rats.
Neem- based toothpastes and cosmetics products can be found in Europe and America where this tree plant has no hope of survival; yet, we have little knowledge of it here, where it has chosen to thrive patiently until we rediscover its value.
Neem contributes more than $2bn/annum to the Indian economy and could do more in West Africa where the concentration of the active ingredients has been found to be about three times higher than what obtains in India.
Dr. D.D. Faye, a Senegalese entomologist at the 2002 World Neem Conference in Mumbai, says, "I keep telling my people that they are sitting on a goldmine. In fact, propagation of Neem is a big part of our malaria control project. Simple usage of Neem oil or even using Neem products on mosquito nets, instead of harmful chemicals, is not only safer but so much cheaper."
The Neem movement in India is growing as more professionals in the fields of agriculture, environment and health are daily enlisting as promoters of Neem's influence as the economic tree of the future.
Neem has gained such widespread acceptance that a 1992 report of the Board on Science and Technology for International Development of the United States National Research Council said, "This plant may usher in a new era in pest control; provide millions with inexpensive medicines; cut down the rate of human population growth and even reduce erosion, deforestation, and excessive temperature of an overheated globe".
Ongoing research into the debitterisation of the seed cake will provide an inexpensive, highly nutritious pro-biotic feed for livestock.
According to a research report by NOTAP's Director-General, Dr. Danazumi Ibrahim, in 2004, Neem tree has tremendous investment potential waiting to be tapped; judging from its wide applications.
It said, "The private sector has a lot of benefits to derive from Neem-based investments, especially in the production of Neem oil – first because the raw materials are readily available and the technology for extraction of the oil is simple and locally available."
Application of Neem products to soil, especially the seed cake, have also been shown to increase its fertility through provision of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and a few micronutrients.
There are millions of Neem trees in different parts of the country. Some of them are even used for landscaping while the fruits waste. The seeds are constantly seen on the floor of shelter belt areas waiting to be picked. It is therefore a natural resource begging to be tapped.
By-products of oil extraction also attract good value in the marketplace. The kernel can be supplied to manufacturers of Neem biopesticide; an investor may either export the oil, supply to relevant industry, or utilise it for the manufacture of cosmetic products while the cake may be supplied to fertiliser blending companies.
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