text:
/* suppress jshint warnings for chai syntax - https://github.com/chaijs/chai/issues/41#issuecomment-14904150 */
/* jshint -W024 */
/* jshint expr:true */
define([
    "underscore", "backbone", "geppetto"
], function(_, Backbone, Geppetto) {

    var expect = chai.expect;
    describe("Backbone.Geppetto", function() {

        describe("when loading Geppetto", function() {

            it("should be defined as an AMD module", function() {
                expect(Geppetto).not.to.be.null;
            });

            it("should be defined as a property on the Backbone object", function() {
                expect(Backbone.Geppetto).not.to.be.null;
                expect(Backbone.Geppetto).to.equal(Geppetto);
            });

        });

        describe("when a context was instantiated", function() {
            var context;
            beforeEach(function() {
                context = new Geppetto.Context();
            });
            afterEach(function() {
                context.destroy();
            });
            it("should release its wirings upon shutdown", function() {
                var unmapperSpy = sinon.spy();
                context.releaseAll = unmapperSpy;
                context.destroy();
                expect(unmapperSpy).to.have.been.calledOnce;
            });
        });

        describe("when binding a context to a view that does not support dependency injection", function() {

            var contextDefinition;
            var contextInstance;

            beforeEach(function() {
                contextDefinition = Geppetto.Context.extend();
            });

            it("should bind the context instance to the view", function() {

                var MyViewDef = Backbone.View.extend();
                var myView = new MyViewDef();

                var returnedContext = Geppetto.bindContext({
                    view: myView,
                    context: contextDefinition
                });

                expect(myView.context).to.exist;
                expect(returnedContext).to.equal(myView.context);

                myView.close();
            });
        });

        describe("when a Backbone View adds an event listener to a context", function() {
            var parentView;
            var contextDefinition;
            var contextInstance;
            var childViewInstance;
            var fooSpy;

            beforeEach(function() {
                fooSpy = sinon.spy();
                contextDefinition = Geppetto.Context.extend();
                var ParentViewDef = Backbone.View.extend();
                parentView = new ParentViewDef();

                contextInstance = Geppetto.bindContext({
                    view: parentView,
                    context: contextDefinition
                });

                expect(parentView.context).to.exist;

                var childViewDef = Backbone.View.extend({
                    constructor: function(options) {
                        this.options = options;
                        return Backbone.View.apply(this, arguments);
                    },
                    initialize: function(options) {
                        _.bindAll.apply(_, [this].concat(_.functions(this)));
                        Geppetto.bindContext({
                            view: this,
                            context: this.options.context
                        });
                        this.context.listen(this, "foo", fooSpy);
                    }
                });
                childViewInstance = new childViewDef({
                    context: contextInstance
                });
            });

            afterEach(function() {
                parentView.close();
                childViewInstance.remove();
                fooSpy = undefined;
            });

            it("should fire the foo event while the view is active", function() {
                contextInstance.dispatch("foo");
                expect(fooSpy.callCount).to.equal(1);
            });

            it("should pass the event name in the event payload object", function() {
                contextInstance.dispatch("foo");
                expect(fooSpy).to.have.been.calledOnce;
                var payload = fooSpy.getCall(0).args[0];
                expect(payload.eventName).to.equal("foo");
            });

            it("should pass supplied data in the payload object", function() {
                contextInstance.dispatch("foo", {
                    bar: "baz"
                });
                expect(fooSpy.callCount).to.equal(1);
                var payload = fooSpy.getCall(0).args[0];
                expect(payload.eventName).to.equal("foo");
                expect(payload.bar).to.equal("baz");
            });

            it("should throw an exception if the payload object is a string, not an object", function() {
                expect(function() {
                    contextInstance.dispatch("foo", "baz");
                }).to.
                throw ("Event payload must be an object");
            });

            it("should throw an exception if the payload object is a boolean false, not an object", function() {
                expect(function() {
                    contextInstance.dispatch("foo", false);
                }).to.
                throw ("Event payload must be an object");
            });

            it("should throw an exception if the payload object is a boolean true, not an object", function() {
                expect(function() {
                    contextInstance.dispatch("foo", true);
                }).to.
                throw ("Event payload must be an object");
            });

            it("should throw an exception if the payload object is null, not an object", function() {
                expect(function() {
                    contextInstance.dispatch("foo", null);
                }).to.
                throw ("Event payload must be an object");
            });

            it("should fire the callback multiple times when the event is dispatched multiple times", function() {
                var multiDispatchSpy = sinon.spy();
                contextInstance.listen(parentView, "foo", multiDispatchSpy);
                contextInstance.dispatch("foo");
                expect(multiDispatchSpy.callCount).to.equal(1);
                contextInstance.dispatch("foo");
                expect(multiDispatchSpy.callCount).to.equal(2);
            });

            it("should fire the callback only once when using listenToOnce and the event is dispatched multiple times", function() {
                var multiDispatchSpy = sinon.spy();
                contextInstance.listenToOnce(parentView, "foo", multiDispatchSpy);
                contextInstance.dispatch("foo");
                expect(fooSpy.callCount).to.equal(1);
                expect(multiDispatchSpy.callCount).to.equal(1);
                contextInstance.dispatch("foo");
                expect(multiDispatchSpy.callCount).to.equal(1);
            });

            it("should pass the foo event when listened from the parent view", function() {
                var parentFooSpy = sinon.spy();
                contextInstance.listen(parentView, "foo", parentFooSpy);
                contextInstance.dispatch("foo");
                expect(fooSpy.callCount).to.equal(1);
                expect(parentFooSpy.callCount).to.equal(1);
            });

            it("should not fire the foo event after the child view is closed", function() {
                childViewInstance.remove();
                contextInstance.dispatch("foo");
                expect(fooSpy.callCount).to.equal(0);
            });

            it("should not fire the foo event when listened from the parent view and the parent view is closed", function() {
                var parentFooSpy = sinon.spy();
                contextInstance.listen(parentView, "foo", parentFooSpy);
                parentView.close();
                contextInstance.dispatch("foo");
                expect(parentFooSpy.callCount).to.equal(0);
            });
        });

        describe("when a Backbone View specifies a contextEvents map", function() {
            var parentView;
            var contextDefinition;
            var contextInstance;
            var childViewInstance;
            var fooParentSpy;
            var barParentSpy;
            var fooChildSpy;
            var barChildSpy;

            beforeEach(function() {
                fooParentSpy = sinon.spy();
                barParentSpy = sinon.spy();
                fooChildSpy = sinon.spy();
                barChildSpy = sinon.spy();

                contextDefinition = Geppetto.Context.extend();

                var ParentViewDef = Backbone.View.extend({
                    initialize: function() {
                        _.bindAll.apply(_, [this].concat(_.functions(this)));
                    },
                    contextEvents: {
                        "foo": "handleFoo",
                        "bar": function() {
                            barParentSpy();
                        }
                    },
                    handleFoo: function() {
                        fooParentSpy();
                    }
                });
                parentView = new ParentViewDef();

                contextInstance = Geppetto.bindContext({
                    view: parentView,
                    context: contextDefinition
                });

                expect(parentView.context).to.exist;

                var childViewDef = Backbone.View.extend({

                    contextEvents: {
                        "foo": "handleFoo",
                        "bar": function() {
                            barChildSpy();
                        }
                    },
                    handleFoo: function() {
                        fooChildSpy();
                    },
                    constructor: function(options) {
                        this.options = options;
                        return Backbone.View.apply(this, arguments);
                    },
                    initialize: function(options) {
                        _.bindAll.apply(_, [this].concat(_.functions(this)));
                        Geppetto.bindContext({
                            view: this,
                            context: this.options.context
                        });
                    }
                });
                childViewInstance = new childViewDef({
                    context: contextInstance
                });
            });

            afterEach(function() {
                parentView.close();
                childViewInstance.remove();
                fooParentSpy = undefined;
                barParentSpy = undefined;
                fooChildSpy = undefined;
                barChildSpy = undefined;
            });

            it("should trigger the foo response function when registered as a string", function() {
                contextInstance.dispatch("foo");
                expect(fooParentSpy.callCount).to.equal(1);
                expect(fooChildSpy.callCount).to.equal(1);
            });

            it("should trigger the bar response function when registered as a function", function() {
                contextInstance.dispatch("bar");
                expect(barParentSpy.callCount).to.equal(1);
                expect(barChildSpy.callCount).to.equal(1);
            });

            it("should remove the parent foo listener when the parent view is closed", function() {
                contextInstance.dispatch("foo");
                expect(fooParentSpy.callCount).to.equal(1);
                expect(fooChildSpy.callCount).to.equal(1);
                parentView.close();
                contextInstance.dispatch("foo");
                expect(fooParentSpy.callCount).to.equal(1);
                expect(fooChildSpy.callCount).to.equal(2);
            });

            it("should remove the child foo listener when the child view is closed", function() {
                contextInstance.dispatch("foo");
                expect(fooParentSpy.callCount).to.equal(1);
                expect(fooChildSpy.callCount).to.equal(1);
                childViewInstance.remove();
                contextInstance.dispatch("foo");
                expect(fooParentSpy.callCount).to.equal(2);
                expect(fooChildSpy.callCount).to.equal(1);
            });
        });

        describe("when registering a context listener", function() {

            var view = null;
            var context = null;

            beforeEach(function() {
                var ViewDef = Backbone.View.extend();
                view = new ViewDef();
                context = Geppetto.bindContext({
                    view: view,
                    context: Geppetto.Context.extend()
                });
            });

            afterEach(function() {
                view.close();
            });

            it("should throw an error if the target object does not have a 'listenTo' method", function() {
                expect(function() {
                    context.listen({
                        stopListening: function() {}
                    }, "foo", function() {});
                }).to.
                throw ("Target for listen() must define a 'listenTo' and 'stopListening' function");
            });

            it("should throw an error if the target object does not have a 'stopListening' method", function() {
                expect(function() {
                    context.listen({
                        listenTo: function() {}
                    }, "foo", function() {});
                }).to.
                throw ("Target for listen() must define a 'listenTo' and 'stopListening' function");
            });

            it("should not throw an error if the target object has both a 'listenTo' and 'stopListening' method", function() {
                expect(function() {
                    context.listen({
                        listenTo: function() {},
                        stopListening: function() {}
                    }, "foo", function() {});
                }).not.to.
                throw ();
            });

            it("should throw an error if the event name is not provided", function() {
                expect(function() {
                    context.listen(view, null, function() {});
                }).to.
                throw ("eventName must be a String");
            });

            it("should throw an error if the event name is not a string", function() {
                expect(function() {
                    context.listen(view, 5, function() {});
                }).to.
                throw ("eventName must be a String");
            });

            it("should throw an error if the callback function is not provided", function() {
                expect(function() {
                    context.listen(view, "foo", null);
                }).to.
                throw ("callback must be a function");
            });

            it("should throw an error if the callback function is not a function", function() {
                expect(function() {
                    context.listen(view, "foo", "bar");
                }).to.
                throw ("callback must be a function");
            });

        });

        describe("when registering commands individually using wireCommand", function() {

            var myView;

            var contextDefinition;

            var AbcCommand;
            var XyzCommand;

            var abcSpy;
            var xyzSpy;

            beforeEach(function() {
                abcSpy = sinon.spy();
                AbcCommand = function() {};
                AbcCommand.prototype.execute = abcSpy;

                xyzSpy = sinon.spy();
                XyzCommand = function() {};
                XyzCommand.prototype.execute = xyzSpy;

                contextDefinition = Geppetto.Context.extend({
                    initialize: function() {
                        this.wireCommand("abcEvent", AbcCommand);
                        this.wireCommand("xyzEvent", XyzCommand);
                    }
                });

                myView = new Backbone.View();

                Geppetto.bindContext({
                    view: myView,
                    context: contextDefinition
                });
            });

            afterEach(function() {
                myView.close();
            });

            it("should fire AbcCommand when abcEvent is dispatched", function() {
                myView.context.dispatch("abcEvent");

                expect(abcSpy.called).to.be.true;
                expect(xyzSpy.called).to.be.false;
            });

            it("should not fire AbcCommand after the associated view is closed", function() {

                myView.close();
                myView.context.dispatch("abcEvent");

                expect(abcSpy.called).to.be.false;
                expect(xyzSpy.called).to.be.false;
            });

            it("should throw an error if the command is not a function", function() {
                expect(function() {
                    myView.context.wireCommand("failEvent", {});
                }).to.
                throw ("Command must be constructable");
            });

        });

        describe("when triggering commands", function() {
            var context;
            var CommandClass;
            var command;
            beforeEach(function() {
                var ContextDefinition = Geppetto.Context.extend({});
                context = new ContextDefinition();
                CommandClass = function() {
                    this.ctorArgs = _.toArray(arguments);
                };
                CommandClass.prototype.execute = function() {
                    command = this;
                };

            });
            afterEach(function() {
                context.destroy();
                context = null;
                CommandClass = null;
                command = null;
            });
            it("should resolve dependencies passed to the wireCommand", function() {
                var value = {};
                context.wireValue('value', value);
                context.wireCommand('foo', CommandClass, {
                    dependency: 'value'
                });
                context.dispatch('foo');
                expect(command.dependency).to.equal(value);
            });

            it("should resolve dependencies declared in the command", function() {
                var value = {};
                context.wireValue('value', value);
                CommandClass.prototype.wiring = {
                    dependency: 'value'
                };
                context.wireCommand('foo', CommandClass);
                context.dispatch('foo');
                expect(command.dependency).to.equal(value);
            });

            it("should pass context and event data to the command constructor", function(){
                context.wireCommand('foo', CommandClass);
                context.dispatch('foo');
                expect(command.ctorArgs).to.contain(context);
            });
        });

        describe("when wiring dependencies in batch using the Context 'wiring' parameter", function() {

            var context;

            var AbcCommand;

            var abcSpy;

            var wiring;

            beforeEach(function() {
                abcSpy = sinon.spy();
                AbcCommand = function() {};
                AbcCommand.prototype.execute = abcSpy;
                wiring = {
                    commands: {
                        "abcEvent": AbcCommand
                    },
                    singletons: {
                        "singleton": function() {},
                        "customWiredSingleton": {
                            ctor: function(){},
                            wiring: {
                                "customValue": "value"
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    classes: {
                        "clazz": function() {},
                        "customWiredClass": {
                            ctor: function(){},
                            wiring: {
                                "customValue": "value"
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    values: {
                        "value": "value"
                    },
                    views: {
                        "view": Backbone.View.extend(),
                        "customWiredView": {
                            ctor: function(){},
                            wiring: {
                                "customValue": "value"
                            }
                        }

                    }
                };

                var ContextDefinition = Geppetto.Context.extend({
                    wiring: wiring,
                    initialize : sinon.spy(),
                    wireSingleton: sinon.spy(),
                    wireClass: sinon.spy(),
                    wireValue: sinon.spy(),
                    wireView : sinon.spy(),
                    resolve: sinon.spy(),
                    releaseAll: sinon.spy()
                });

                context = new ContextDefinition();
            });

            afterEach(function() {
                context.destroy();
            });

            it("should wire commands", function() {
                context.dispatch("abcEvent");

                expect(abcSpy.called).to.be.true;
            });
            it("should wire singletons", function() {
                expect(context.wireSingleton).to.be.calledWith("singleton", wiring.singletons.singleton);
            });
            it("should wire custom-mapped singletons", function() {
                expect(context.wireSingleton).to.be.calledWith("customWiredSingleton",
                        wiring.singletons.customWiredSingleton.ctor, wiring.singletons.customWiredSingleton.wiring);
            });
            it("should wire classes", function() {
                expect(context.wireClass).to.be.calledWith("clazz", wiring.classes.clazz);
            });
            it("should wire custom-mapped classes", function() {
                expect(context.wireClass).to.be.calledWith("customWiredClass",
                        wiring.classes.customWiredClass.ctor, wiring.classes.customWiredClass.wiring);
            });
            it("should wire values", function() {
                expect(context.wireValue).to.be.calledWith("value", wiring.values.value);
            });
            it("should wire views", function() {
                expect(context.wireView).to.be.calledWith("view", wiring.views.view);
            });
            it("should wire custom-mapped views", function() {
                expect(context.wireView).to.be.calledWith("customWiredView",
                        wiring.views.customWiredView.ctor, wiring.views.customWiredView.wiring);
            });
            it("should wire everything before initialization", function(){
                expect(context.wireSingleton).to.be.calledBefore(context.initialize);
            });
        });

        describe("when registering commands in batch using wireCommands", function() {
            var context;
            var FooCommand;
            var executionSpy;
            beforeEach(function() {
                executionSpy = sinon.spy();
                FooCommand = function() {
                    this.execute = executionSpy;
                };
                context = new Geppetto.Context();
            });
            afterEach(function() {
                context.destroy();
            });
            it("should fire FooCommand after dispatch", function() {
                context.wireCommands({
                    'foo': FooCommand
                });
                context.dispatch('foo');
                expect(executionSpy).to.have.been.calledOnce;
            });
            it("should fire all commands mapped as Array", function() {
                context.wireCommands({
                    'foo': [
                        FooCommand, FooCommand, FooCommand
                    ]
                });
                context.dispatch('foo');
                expect(executionSpy).to.have.been.calledThrice;
            });
        });

        describe("when a context has a parent context", function() {

            var parentView;
            var parentContext;

            var childView;
            var childContext;

            beforeEach(function() {
                var ParentViewDef = Backbone.View.extend();
                parentView = new ParentViewDef();
                parentContext = Geppetto.bindContext({
                    view: parentView,
                    context: Geppetto.Context.extend()
                });

                var ChildViewDef = Backbone.View.extend();
                childView = new ChildViewDef();
                childContext = Geppetto.bindContext({
                    view: childView,
                    context: Geppetto.Context.extend(),
                    parentContext: parentContext
                });
            });

            afterEach(function() {
                childView.close();
                parentView.close();
            });

            it("should set the 'parentContext' attribute on the child context", function() {
                expect(childContext.parentContext).to.equal(parentContext);
            });

            it("should not pass events to the parent context using normal 'dispatch()'", function() {
                var spy = sinon.spy();
                parentContext.listen(parentView, "foo", spy);
                expect(spy.callCount).to.equal(0);
                childContext.dispatch("foo");
                expect(spy.callCount).to.equal(0);
            });

            it("should pass events to the parent context using 'dispatchToParent()'", function() {
                var spy = sinon.spy();
                parentContext.listen(parentView, "foo", spy);
                expect(spy.callCount).to.equal(0);
                childContext.dispatchToParent("foo");
                expect(spy.callCount).to.equal(1);
            });

            it("should dispatch a context shutdown event to the parent when the child context is closed", function() {
                var spy = sinon.spy();
                parentContext.listen(parentView, Geppetto.EVENT_CONTEXT_SHUTDOWN, spy);
                childView.close();
                expect(spy.callCount).to.equal(1);
            });

        });
        describe("when calling dispatchToParents on a context with multiple levels of ancestry", function() {

            var greatGrandParentView;
            var greatGrandParentContext;

            var grandParentView;
            var grandParentContext;

            var parentView;
            var parentContext;

            var childView;
            var childContext;

            beforeEach(function () {
                var ViewDef = Backbone.View.extend();

                greatGrandParentView = new ViewDef();
                greatGrandParentContext = Geppetto.bindContext({
                    view: greatGrandParentView,
                    context: Geppetto.Context.extend()
                });

                grandParentView = new ViewDef();
                grandParentContext = Geppetto.bindContext({
                    view: grandParentView,
                    context: Geppetto.Context.extend(),
                    parentContext: greatGrandParentContext
                });

                parentView = new ViewDef();
                parentContext = Geppetto.bindContext({
                    view: parentView,
                    context: Geppetto.Context.extend(),
                    parentContext: grandParentContext
                });

                childView = new ViewDef();
                childContext = Geppetto.bindContext({
                    view: childView,
                    context: Geppetto.Context.extend(),
                    parentContext: parentContext
                });

            });

            afterEach(function () {
                childView.close();
                parentView.close();
                grandParentView.close();
                greatGrandParentView.close();
            });

            it("should pass event without data payload to all ancestors", function () {
                var spyGGP = sinon.spy();
                var spyGP = sinon.spy();
                var spyP = sinon.spy();
                var spyC = sinon.spy();

                greatGrandParentView.listen(greatGrandParentView,   "foo", spyGGP);
                grandParentView.listen(     grandParentView,        "foo", spyGP);
                parentView.listen(          parentView,             "foo", spyP);
                childView.listen(           childView,              "foo", spyC);

                childContext.dispatchToParents('foo');

                expect(spyC.callCount).to.equal(0);
                expect(spyP.callCount).to.equal(1);
                expect(spyGP.callCount).to.equal(1);
                expect(spyGGP.callCount).to.equal(1);

            });
            it("should pass data payload all ancestors", function () {
                var dataGGP;
                var dataGP;
                var dataP;
                var dataC;

                var spyGGP = sinon.spy(function (data) {
                    dataGGP = data
                });
                var spyGP = sinon.spy(function (data) {
                    dataGP = data
                });
                var spyP = sinon.spy(function (data) {
                    dataP = data;
                });
                var spyC = sinon.spy();

                greatGrandParentView.listen(greatGrandParentView,   "foo", spyGGP);
                grandParentView.listen(     grandParentView,        "foo", spyGP);
                parentView.listen(          parentView,             "foo", spyP);
                childView.listen(           childView,              "foo", spyC);

                childContext.dispatchToParents('foo', {"foo": "bar"});

                expect(dataGGP).to.eql({"foo": "bar"});
                expect(dataGP).to.eql({"foo": "bar"});
                expect(dataP).to.eql({"foo": "bar"});

            });

            it("should pass same data payload to all ancestors, not cloned objects", function () {
                var dataGGP;
                var dataGP;
                var dataP;
                var dataC;

                var spyGGP = sinon.spy(function (data) {
                    dataGGP = data.foo;
                    data.foo++;
                });
                var spyGP = sinon.spy(function (data) {
                    dataGP = data.foo;
                    data.foo++;
                });
                var spyP = sinon.spy(function (data) {
                    dataP = data.foo;
                    data.foo++;
                });
                var spyC = sinon.spy();

                greatGrandParentView.listen(greatGrandParentView,   "foo", spyGGP);
                grandParentView.listen(     grandParentView,        "foo", spyGP);
                parentView.listen(          parentView,             "foo", spyP);
                childView.listen(           childView,              "foo", spyC);

                var payload = {"foo": 1};

                childContext.dispatchToParents('foo', payload);

                expect(dataGGP).to.equal(3);
                expect(dataGP).to.equal(2);
                expect(dataP).to.equal(1);

                expect(payload).to.eql({"foo": 4});

            });

            it("should stop bubbling when payload extended with {propagationDisabled:true}", function () {

                var stopBubbling = function(object) {
                    object.propagationDisabled = true;
                };

                var spyGGP = sinon.spy();
                var spyGP = sinon.spy(stopBubbling);
                var spyP = sinon.spy();
                var spyC = sinon.spy();

                greatGrandParentView.listen(greatGrandParentView,   "foo", spyGGP);
                grandParentView.listen(     grandParentView,        "foo", spyGP);
                parentView.listen(          parentView,             "foo", spyP);
                childView.listen(           childView,              "foo", spyC);

                childContext.dispatchToParents("foo", {"any": "object"});

                expect(spyC.callCount).to.equal(0);
                expect(spyP.callCount).to.equal(1);
                expect(spyGP.callCount).to.equal(1);
                expect(spyGGP.callCount).to.equal(0);

            });
            it("should not crash if an ancestor destroys its own ancestor while bubbling", function() {

                var destroyGGP = function() {
                    if (greatGrandParentView.close) {
                        greatGrandParentView.close();
                    } else if (greatGrandParentView.destroy){
                        greatGrandParentView.destroy();
                    }
                };

                var spyGGP =    sinon.spy();
                var spyGP =     sinon.spy();
                var spyP =      sinon.spy(destroyGGP);
                var spyC =      sinon.spy();

                greatGrandParentView.listen(greatGrandParentView,   "foo", spyGGP);
                grandParentView.listen(     grandParentView,        "foo", spyGP);
                parentView.listen(          parentView,             "foo", spyP);
                childView.listen(           childView,              "foo", spyC);

                childContext.dispatchToParents("foo");

                expect(spyC.callCount).to.equal(0);
                expect(spyP.callCount).to.equal(1);
                expect(spyGP.callCount).to.equal(1);
                expect(spyGGP.callCount).to.equal(0);
            });

        });

        describe("when dispatching globally", function() {

            var view1;
            var context1;

            var view2;
            var context2;

            var view3;
            var context3;

            beforeEach(function() {

                var viewDef1 = Backbone.View.extend();
                view1 = new viewDef1();
                context1 = Geppetto.bindContext({
                    view: view1,
                    context: Geppetto.Context.extend()
                });

                var viewDef2 = Backbone.View.extend();
                view2 = new viewDef2();
                context2 = Geppetto.bindContext({
                    view: view2,
                    context: Geppetto.Context.extend()
                });

                var viewDef3 = Backbone.View.extend();
                view3 = new viewDef3();
                context3 = Geppetto.bindContext({
                    view: view3,
                    context: Geppetto.Context.extend()
                });

            });

            afterEach(function() {
                view1.close();
                view2.close();
                view3.close();
            });

            it("should not pass events to the other contexts using normal 'dispatch()'", function() {

                var spy1 = sinon.spy();
                var spy2 = sinon.spy();
                var spy3 = sinon.spy();

                context1.listen(view1, "foo", spy1);
                context2.listen(view2, "foo", spy2);
                context3.listen(view3, "foo", spy3);

                expect(spy1.callCount).to.equal(0);
                expect(spy2.callCount).to.equal(0);
                expect(spy3.callCount).to.equal(0);

                context1.dispatch("foo");

                expect(spy1.callCount).to.equal(1);
                expect(spy2.callCount).to.equal(0);
                expect(spy3.callCount).to.equal(0);
            });

            it("should pass events to the other contexts using 'dispatchGlobally()'", function() {
                var spy1 = sinon.spy();
                var spy2 = sinon.spy();
                var spy3 = sinon.spy();

                context1.listen(view1, "foo", spy1);
                context2.listen(view2, "foo", spy2);
                context3.listen(view3, "foo", spy3);

                expect(spy1.callCount).to.equal(0);
                expect(spy2.callCount).to.equal(0);
                expect(spy3.callCount).to.equal(0);

                context1.dispatchGlobally("foo");

                expect(spy1.callCount).to.equal(1);
                expect(spy2.callCount).to.equal(1);
                expect(spy3.callCount).to.equal(1);
            });

            it("should skip any context that have been destroyed when looping through list of all contexts to trigger event on each", function() {
                var spy1 = sinon.spy();
                var spy2 = sinon.spy();
                var spy3 = sinon.spy();

                var spyDispatchGlobally = sinon.spy(context1, 'dispatchGlobally');

                context1.listen(view1, "foo", function(){
                    context2.destroy();
                });

                context1.listen(view1, "foo", spy1);
                context2.listen(view2, "foo", spy2);
                context3.listen(view3, "foo", spy3);

                expect(spy1.callCount).to.equal(0);
                expect(spy2.callCount).to.equal(0);
                expect(spy3.callCount).to.equal(0);

                context1.dispatchGlobally('foo');

                expect(spy1.callCount).to.equal(1);
                expect(spy2.callCount).to.equal(0);
                expect(spy3.callCount).to.equal(1);

                expect(spyDispatchGlobally.threw()).to.equal(false);

            });

        });

        describe('when configuring wirings', function(){
            var key = "key";
            var passed;
            var context;
            var ctor = function(){
                passed = _.toArray(arguments);
            };
            beforeEach(function(){
                passed = null;
                context = new Geppetto.Context();
                context.wireClass(key, ctor);
            });
            afterEach(function(){
                context.destroy();
            });
            it("should throw an error if no corresponding mapping was found", function() {
                expect(function() {
                    context.configure('unregistered key');
                }).to.
                throw (/no mapping found/);
            });
            it("should throw an error for wired values", function() {
                context.wireValue('value', {});
                expect(function() {
                    context.configure('value');
                }).to.
                throw (/only possible for wirings of type singleton or class/);
            });
            it("should throw an error for wired views", function() {
                context.wireView('view', function(){});
                expect(function() {
                    context.configure('view');
                }).to.
                throw (/only possible for wirings of type singleton or class/);
            });
            it('should pass an object as payload to the constructor function', function(){
                var payload = {};
                context.configure(key, payload);
                context.getObject(key);
                expect(passed[0]).to.equal(payload);
            });
            it('should call a function and pass its results as payload to the constructor function', function(){
                var payload = {};
                context.configure(key, function(){
                    return payload;
                });
                context.getObject(key);
                expect(passed[0]).to.equal(payload);
            });
            it('should pass all arguments as payload to the constructor function', function(){
                var a = {};
                var b = {};
                context.configure(key, a, b);
                context.getObject(key);
                expect(passed[0]).to.equal(a);
                expect(passed[1]).to.equal(b);
            });
        });

        describe("when debug mode is enabled", function() {

            var view;
            var context;

            beforeEach(function() {

                var viewDef = Backbone.View.extend();
                view = new viewDef();
                context = Geppetto.bindContext({
                    view: view,
                    context: Geppetto.Context.extend()
                });
            });
            afterEach(function() {
                view.close();
                Geppetto.setDebug(false);
            });

            it("should not expose a 'debug' property before enabling debug mode", function() {
                expect(Geppetto.debug).not.to.exist;
            });

            it("should expose a 'debug' property after enabling debug mode", function() {
                expect(Geppetto.debug).not.to.exist;
                Geppetto.setDebug(true);
                expect(Geppetto.debug).to.exist;
            });

            it("should track the number of contexts", function() {
                Geppetto.setDebug(true);
                expect(Geppetto.debug.countContexts()).to.equal(1);

                var otherViewDef = Backbone.View.extend();
                var otherView = new otherViewDef();
                var otherContext = Geppetto.bindContext({
                    view: otherView,
                    context: Geppetto.Context.extend()
                });

                expect(Geppetto.debug.countContexts()).to.equal(2);

                otherView.close();

                expect(Geppetto.debug.countContexts()).to.equal(1);
            });

            it("should track the number of events", function() {
                Geppetto.setDebug(true);
                expect(Geppetto.debug.countEvents()).to.equal(0);
                context.listen(view, "foo", function() {});
                expect(Geppetto.debug.countEvents()).to.equal(1);

                var otherViewDef = Backbone.View.extend();
                var otherView = new otherViewDef();
                var otherContext = Geppetto.bindContext({
                    view: otherView,
                    context: Geppetto.Context.extend()
                });

                expect(Geppetto.debug.countEvents()).to.equal(1);

                context.listen(otherView, "bar", function() {});
                expect(Geppetto.debug.countEvents()).to.equal(2);

                otherContext.listen(otherView, "baz", function() {});
                expect(Geppetto.debug.countEvents()).to.equal(3);

                otherContext.listen(view, "abc", function() {});
                expect(Geppetto.debug.countEvents()).to.equal(4);

                otherView.close();
                expect(Geppetto.debug.countEvents()).to.equal(1);

                view.close();
                expect(Geppetto.debug.countEvents()).to.equal(0);
            });

        });

    });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
February 4, 2010 by michiganisamazing
Stevens T. Mason, Michigan's first governor, died of pneumonia in New York City at the age of 31.
Mason, born in Virginia in 1811, came to Michigan with his father, who was appointed territorial secretary in 1830. Mason succeeded his father as secretary in 1831. When the territorial governor died in 1834, Mason became acting governor. In this new role, Mason led the territory into the two-year struggle to become a state. Although Michigan did not become a state until January 26, 1837, Mason had been elected the first state governor in October 1835. He was re-elected in 1837, but did not seek a third term because of controversy surrounding the state's $5 million loan for internal improvements. Mason moved to New York City after leaving office. He married and fathered three children. On February 1, 1843, he became sick, dying three days later. He is buried in Detroit.
Thank you Michigan Start Pages for this glimpse into our past. See more here.
This entry was posted in History, Michigan and tagged History, Michigan, Michigan History. Bookmark the permalink.
← Today in Michigan History

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Unfair Outcomes Destroy Trust
AI & SocietyAutomationHarmBiasHealthcareRadiologyClassificationHalloween
Will AI that discriminates based on race, gender, or economic status undermine the public's confidence in the technology?
The fear: Seduced by the promise of cost savings and data-driven decision making, organizations will deploy biased systems that end up doing real-world damage. Systems incorporating biased algorithms or trained on biased data will misdiagnose medical patients, bar consumers from loans or insurance, deny parole to reformed convicts, or grant it to unrepentant ones.
Behind the worries: Biased implementations have raised public backlash as organizations both private and public figure out what AI can and can't do, and how to use it properly.
The UK recently abandoned an algorithm designed to streamline visa applications after human rights activists sued. The plaintiffs charged that the model discriminated against people from countries with large non-white populations.
Financial regulators in New York last year launched an investigation into the algorithm behind Apple's credit card. Users reported that women had received lower interest rates than men with comparable credit ratings.
The Los Angeles Police Department adopted systems designed to forecast crimes, but it stopped using one and promised to revamp another after determining that they were flawed. Some people identified as high-risk offenders, for instance, had no apparent history of violent crime.
How scared should you be: Many organizations are attracted by AI's promises to cut costs and streamline operations, but they may not be equipped to vet systems adequately. The biased systems that have made headlines are just the tip of the iceberg, according to Cathy O'Neil, author of the book Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy. Further reports of systems prone to unfair outcomes are bound to emerge.
What to do: AI systems won't enjoy broad public trust until we demonstrate clearly that they perform well and pose minimal risk of unintended consequences. Much work remains to be done to establish guidelines and systematically audit systems for accuracy, reliability, and fairness.


text:
with Greet Death and Home Is Where
Foxing has garnered a reputation as a band that goes big with their albums. With each release, the St. Louis-based group has appeared downright determined to top the expansiveness of...
Greet Death
Greet Death is a three piece post-rock band from Flint, Michigan. They initially made waves with their infectious debut album, Dixieland (Flesh and Bone, 2017). The album was well-received, with...
Florida band Home Is Where's I Became Birds is quickly becoming one of the most talked about fifth wave emo albums of the year, and it's one of the most...
The Nude Party
Lyla Abukhodair, Lovehouse and Adam Herman & The Slamming Doors
Flatfoot 56


Dublin, 6 June, 2016: eir announced today the launch of an offering by its subsidiary, eircom finance DAC of senior secured notes due 2022 in an aggregate principal amount of €350 million. The notes will be guaranteed on a senior secured basis by eircom Holdings (Ireland) Limited and certain of its subsidiaries, including eircom Limited (Jersey). Upon issuance, the notes and the guarantees will be secured by security interests over the same assets that secure eir's senior facilities. The net proceeds of the offering will be used, together with cash on the balance sheet, to redeem in full the outstanding amount of eir's existing 9.25% senior secured notes due 2020.
This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to purchase any securities in the United States, and shall not constitute an offer, solicitation or sale in any state or jurisdiction in which such an offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any state or country. The notes may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or an applicable exemption from registration requirements. No public offering of notes will be made in the United States.


text:
"CALM (Relaxation Remixes)" - 5 Seconds of Summer
U2 Related Content:
"Best Years" (Calm Remix) - 5 Seconds of Summer (Featuring The Edge) (09:18)
Full Track Listing
Red Desert (Calm Remix) (08:41)
Easier (Calm Remix) (08:30)
Old Me (Calm Remix) (10:21)
Best Years (Calm Remix) (09:18)
This four track digital single of remixes from the Calm album was released through the meditation / relaxation app "Calm". The songs are streaming only via the app, and although they can be saved for offline listening, they do not transfer from the device. The Edge is featured on the song "Best Years" which is remixed here into a 9 minute slow almost instrumental song. It is one of four remixes, but is the only remix of the song that features The Edge on guitar. The digital single was released a day in advance of the album, CALM.
The press release from Universal Music for this release of remixes through Calm states:
As they gear up for the album's release, 5SOS have partnered with Calm (a leading global health and wellness brand) to share four individual remixes of tracks off the forthcoming album. Starting tomorrow, those four remixes will be available on the Calm app (the #1 app for sleep, meditation and relaxation). Each remix was thoughtfully crafted by a different member of the band along with remixer/producer Matt Pauling, who also produced two songs on the album (Red Desert and Lonely Heart). "Easier" comes from guitarist Michael Clifford, "Old Me" from bassist Calum Hood, "Red Desert" from drummer Ashton Irwin, and "Best Years" from vocalist/guitarist Luke Hemmings. Launching exclusively on the Calm app, these remixes are the latest in a series of special releases from artists like Nick Murphy, Sam Smith, Sabrina Carpenter, and more.
Related Promotional Videos
2020-03-26 Edge appears on 5 Seconds of Summer's song, "Best Years" (Original Story)
Catalog of Releases
First Release: 2020-03-26
Digital Release: 2020-03-26
Interscope Records
Top Chart Position
5 Seconds of Summer - "CALM" Album
U2 Albums
U2 Fanclub Releases
U2 Singles [or By Title]
U2 EPs
Promotional By Release Date
Promotional By Title A-Z
Multipack Releases
Solo: Adam, Bono, Edge, Larry
Other U2 Appearances
Digital Only Releases
Not U2 Content
List of Live Songs
Unreleased Projects
Unreleased and Other Remixes
Record Store Day Releases
U2X Radio on SiriusXM
U2 Videos by Date
U2 Videos by Title
U2 Videos by Location (Map)
YouTube Refresh
The Virtual Road Event (2021)
Explore Songs


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text:
Finance & Capital Markets
Government & Public Policy
Health Care & Education
Residential & Mixed Use
RE-NJ Archives
Spotlight Archives
Healthy options: A look at the growth of medical retail in New Jersey
The CityMD location in Clark opened late last year and is one of more than a dozen locations for the chain in New Jersey. — Courtesy: CityMD
By Joshua Burd
The Chiropractic Center and Morillo Eye Care have been mainstays at the Styertowne Shopping Center for more than 15 years, but they had been the lone medical tenants at the Clifton property.
That changed recently when a dentist and a physical therapy clinic opened in the complex, filling the spaces left by RadioShack and a shoe store.
George Jacobs
For George Jacobs, it's a sign of just how important the health care industry has become to his business.
"There's a paucity of retailers out there — and you've got to fill space," said Jacobs, president of Jacobs Enterprises Inc., which owns the shopping center at Route 3 and Bloomfield Avenue.
"It's absolutely a trend in the business," he added, pointing to the fact that medical users like visibility, parking and strong locations. "Retail tends to be the best of all of that."
Medical tenants have become increasingly critical to the retail sector, creating a new opportunity for landlords who have grappled with e-commerce and bankrupt retail chains. New Jersey is no exception, and the opportunity comes as urgent care centers, physical therapists and other businesses experience rapid growth spurred by major changes in the health care industry.
Experts say there is more room to run, even as the retail market tightens in prime locations.
"They want to be in the shopping center environment," said Neil Goldstein, co-founder and principal of The Goldstein Group, whose firm has completed several medical retail deals in recent years. "A lot of the medical people are moving that way these days. They don't need to be in office buildings — or they don't want to be."
Andrea Kyriacou
To be sure, many medical tenants now depend on the visibility of freestanding locations or in-line retail centers. Equally important are convenience and co-tenancy.
"These users all of a sudden are becoming more symbiotic with people's day to day," Andrea Kyriacou, a senior leasing representative with Levin Management Corp., said during a recent panel discussion hosted by Commercial Real Estate Women of New Jersey. "That's particularly what we find with (physical therapy), because people will have to go three or four times a week."
Experts point to the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare, as the catalyst for the growth of urgent care centers and other medical retail tenants. The 2010 law greatly expanded the number of insured households in the U.S., allowing patients who previously sought care at the emergency room to instead visit general physician's office and walk-in clinics.
"The caused a systemic and dramatic change in the medical industry," said Jeffrey Otteau, president of Otteau Valuation Group in Matawan. "For one thing, we saw a growing need for general physicians and emergent care facilities because the patient population — the insured population — grew and there was a need to be able to accommodate this increased number of users and patients."
That trend coincided with a growing number of hospital mergers and moves by larger systems to acquire physician practices and their medical office spaces, Otteau said. All of which coincided with the effects of the Great Recession, which meant that retail vacancy was higher and medical users could secure better deals.
The spread of medical tenants has been most visible among urgent care centers, which are retail settings that allow patients to walk in without appointments and avoid visiting the emergency room. With its large patient population, New Jersey is now home to dozens of retail locations for chains such as CityMD, MedExpress and AFC Urgent Care.
Dr. Nedal Shami
"We often reference the 'toothbrush principle' as a thesis to our site selection criteria," said Dr. Nedal Shami, the chief growth officer for CityMD. "Where can we be visible and available to people twice a day? It's important to be top of mind, to actively remind them that we are there and available should and when (we are) needed to deliver care."
The New York-based provider has grown to 13 urgent care locations in the Garden State since fall 2015, when it opened its first New Jersey location in Paramus. Shami said two others are slated to open by year-end, while CityMD expects to have about 20 in the state by the end of 2019.
Nationwide, there were 7,639 urgent care centers in the U.S. as of June 2017, up from 7,271 in 2016 and 6,946 in 2015, according to the Urgent Care Association of America. The group also projected that the $18 billion industry would grow by 5.8 percent in 2018.
But retail owners and brokers say the industry extends well beyond urgent care. Physical therapy and dental practices are among those looking for retail space, along with pediatrics, dialysis clinics and eye care chains.
Bringing medical uses into a retail setting does come with challenges. Physicians, dentists and other health care tenants often require additional bathrooms, expanded utilities and larger water lines, which can eliminate older properties from consideration. Such users also come with heavy, complex equipment, all of which translates into a longer and costlier build-out and perhaps additional allowances for tenant improvements.
"The landlords have to be willing to partner to have a medical tenant, in most cases," said Nancy Erickson, executive managing director with Colliers International, who moderated the CREW NJ panel discussion in late May.
Nancy Erickson
What's more, Erickson said a medical deal in an existing shopping center will typically require a use variance. That could add anywhere from six months to a year to completing a deal, she said, but brokers and landlords agree that it's often worth the time and effort.
"Our goal is to produce cash flow," said Jacobs, whose firm is based in Clifton. "And sometimes the choice comes down to a startup retailer versus an established doctor. Then you get into the question of: Is it a permitted use or not and who is the better risk?"
Jacobs added that, in his firm's newer developments, medical is a permitted use from the start.
Because the spaces require a large investment and a complex build-out, health care users have typically sought longer terms, according to brokers and owners. Assuming the business remains viable, that has meant added stability for landlords who in past years were reluctant to do deals with medical tenants because there were no goods changing hands and no opportunity for percentage rent provisions.
Medical tenants have not only become an attractive option, but many have gained additional leverage as time has gone on. For instance, Kyriacou said "visibility is a very big factor now" for such users, whereas landlords in the past could push them to the periphery of the property. But urgent care centers and other health care tenants are now pushing for premium placement where they can maximize their façade and signage opportunities.
"They want end caps and freestanding, and there's only so much of that to go around," Kyriacou said. "So it does make it a little more difficult on our end."
From left: Andrea Kyriacou of Levin Management Corp., Sam Bernhaut of CBRE and Claudia Guglielmo of Gordon Realty Management LLC served on a recent panel discussion on medical retail, an event organized by Commercial Real Estate Women of New Jersey. — Photo by Hal Brown/Courtesy: CREW NJ
Erickson agreed that the medical users now see that they can operate from a position of strength.
"Medical tenants have become very confident and they feel their demands should be met," Erickson said. "And they see that they're the ones that are surviving when the market fluctuates."
Jeffrey Otteau
Otteau cautioned that the activity among medical retail users has slowed recently, in part because the retail market has improved since the trend began. Retail vacancy in northern New Jersey has decreased from 6 percent in 2010 to 4.6 percent today, he said, while rents have risen from about $20 to $22 per square foot.
"You could secure and lease retail space at a significant discount back when all of this began," Otteau said. "That's not the case today. Today, the retail market has corrected."
He added that some types of medical users are still willing to consider both retail and office space.
That means they can now find better deals at office buildings in New Jersey, given that vacancy is higher than it is for retail space.
Sam Bernhaut, a broker and vice president with CBRE, echoed that belief during the recent CREW event.
"Office landlords are giving us tremendous incentives to come to their building," said Bernhaut, whose clients include Riverside Medical Group and The Doctor's Office Urgent Care. One recent offer included a year of free rent, $40 per square foot for tenant improvements and naming rights at an office building.
"So I would say it's a good time to be a medical tenant in this market," he added. "You do have a lot of options."
Medical retail: What works and what doesn't
As experts will tell you, many medical users still prefer office space over retail.
Chief among them are specialists such as cardiologists, surgeons and podiatrists that count on being close to hospitals and other clusters of medical services.
"They tend to group together with other specialists because there's a lot of referral that goes on from one specialist to another," Otteau said. "And they tend to locate in rings that surround large hospitals, because of the proximity to a lot of the diagnostic and testing equipment that are available in hospitals on an outpatient basis."
Joe Lombardi, a medical and dental real estate consultant for Masserano Real Estate and Consulting, said referrals allow specialists to be far less dependent on being "in a location with retail characteristics." They stand in contrast to general and primary care physicians "that appeal to a broader demographic and accept a wider range of payment types," which make them a better fit for retail spaces. Pediatrics practices also serve as a good fit, Lombardi said.
"Pediatric services are a great tenant for a shopping center since they not only bring children, but parents and families as well," he said. "They also serve as a great source of referrals for many other types of medical and dental services who will look to lease space at the center, too."
Playing it safe
Legalized recreational marijuana is still nothing more than a proposal in New Jersey, even as supporters trumpet the economic benefits that would come from such a move.
Real estate owners are likely to be among the beneficiaries, including those who would be willing to open a dispensary within their retail centers. But as Kyriacou points out, not everyone is willing to take the risk, while some tenants are being proactive in their opposition to the concept.
"From a landlord's perspective, I think it's still something that people are very hesitant to allow into their centers," Kyriacou said. "From the national tenants that we work with, they now put into their restrictions on the landlord that even if marijuana becomes legal, you still cannot permit that in your center."
For CityMD, there is room to grow in New Jersey
Tags cbre clifton jacobs enterprises inc. Levin Management Corp. otteau valuation group styertowne shopping the goldstein group
Joshua Burd
Joshua Burd, an award-winning reporter and editor, has been covering New Jersey commercial real estate for eight years. Many industry leaders view him as the go-to real estate reporter in the state, a role he is eager to continue as the editor of Real Estate NJ. He is a lifelong New Jersey resident who has spent a decade covering the great Garden State.
Townhomes debut at Soho Lofts in Jersey City
FREIT, Kushner Cos. agree to $266.5 million sale of 1,000-unit rental portfolio
MHS Architects hires project manager to support growing pipeline
Gold Coast condo building more than 75 percent sold, Hovnanian says
WCRE: Consulting firm inks 9,200 sq. ft. lease in Burlington County
A new way of doing things for 2020
My hope for 2020 is that our government officials will find the courage and willingness to tackle some thorny issues, including: overhaul New Jersey's retirement and health care plans for state and school employees, consolidate school districts and remove barriers to allow regionalization of tax assessment, health services, municipal courts and fire and police services. If tackled, these measures will, over time, provide for better care and services to taxpayers while freeing up billions of dollars to invest in infrastructure, retraining and education programs and reducing the crushing tax burden on residents and businesses.
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The Great Days > News > Colorado shooting suspect's dad goes on anti-gay rant following attack at LGBTQ nightclub
Colorado shooting suspect's dad goes on anti-gay rant following attack at LGBTQ nightclub
posted on Nov. 24, 2022 at 7:00 pm
The father of the man accused of killing five people in a shooting at a gay nightclub in Colorado says he was relieved to find out that his son is not gay after learning of the attack.
Aaron Brink, father of shooting suspect Anderson Lee Aldrich, shared his response to Saturday's deadly incident in an interview with CBS 8 San Diego.
"I was scared. I was like 'Oh my God, s—-. Is he gay? And he's not gay," said Mr. Brink, 48.
Anderson Lee Aldrich, whose lawyers recently said is nonbinary, faces murder and hate crime charges in the Saturday night shooting at Club Q in Colorado Springs that left five people dead and 18 injured.
Mr. Brink said that when he received a call this week from his son's attorneys about the shooting, he had not spoken with his son in more than six months.
"I don't [know] what he's accused of. I can't get answers from the attorneys really, but they're saying it's involving a gay bar. I don't know what the heck he did at a gay bar," Mr. Brink said.
He added: "OK, well s—-, he's accused of doing that, I'm glad he's not gay. I can say that, I'm glad he's not gay."
Mr. Brink said he is a Mormon and conservative Republican, adding "we don't do gay."
He said he has been estranged from his son since his ex-wife told him that his son's name had changed from Nicholas Brink to Anderson Aldrich.
Mr. Brink also apologized to the victims' families for their loss.
Shirley Allen November 24, 2022
Joe Biden to seek assault weapons ban in waning days of Dems' control of Congress
US aid to Ukraine puts pressure on Pentagon's arms stockpile


Even beautiful and famous people have problems with relationships because they do not believe they are loveable.
Attracting a great guy or lady isn't down to luck, it's related to how you think of yourself. Beauty and good looks only attracts a man or lady initially, it's inner confidence and a feeling of self- worth that they find compelling. The thing that makes us most attractive to others is how we feel about ourselves.
The root of so many modern problems— relationships, addiction, bingeing, compulsiveness, depression, and even hypochondria—comes right back to a need to fill the inner emptiness of not being "enough." The Robin Williams, Marilyn Monroes, Philip Seymour Hoffmans, Heath Ledgers, Whitney Houstons and Amy Winehouses of our world had everything except a feeling of self worth and without that we have nothing because it all feels so meaningless.
The feeling of believing we are not loveable or not loveable enough affects everything that we do, our jobs, our relationships and our opinion of ourselves. Our thoughts are a form of energy that radiate out from us and back to us like a magnet people who match our thinking. It is so much more important how you feel about yourself than how you look.
I will identify and eliminate all negative beliefs and programming that's blocking you from believing and knowing you are enough, loveable enough and reprogramme and condition your mind to not just know and believe you are loveable, but to know and feel it to such an extent that other people will sense it too. You will radiate the energy of someone who is loveable, who feels loveable enough so you will attract someone to match how you feel. When you feel loveable, desirable and enough you will attract people who also believe you're loveable because you will be programmed to know with unshakeable confidence and absolute belief that you truly are.


An experimental ISBN resolver - ISBN as a linked data.
JASON property namespace(*) - see also a memo on JSON and Turtle.
Topic: structured keywords/concepts that may appear the contents in this site.
* Those asterisked vacabularies use base namespace http://purl.org/net/ns/ for better interoperability.
By KANZAKI, Masahide (see FOAF or home), ©2002-2009.


AARHUS, Denmark & The Netherlands – November 2017 – TimeXtender, a software leader dedicated to helping businesses build a data-driven organization, today announced its partnership with FourData, Microsoft Power BI Specialist.
This agreement allows FourData to offer its existing and future clients across The Netherlands Discovery Hub® by TimeXtender. Discovery Hub® is an integrated approach to IT architecture behind business intelligence that helps organizations decrease time to business insights and data-driven decision making by automating all that can be automated in the data discovery, BI, and analytics lifecycle.
Discovery Hub® brings together the best of both worlds: data governance and self-service BI. It enables business users to rapidly explore and interpret trustworthy data, while at the same time freeing IT and BI specialists from tedious and redundant tasks. By leveraging the power of automation, companies can increase agility, easily access governed data and facilitate the journey to compliance. Unlike other approaches, which rely on a mix of tools and vendors for scripting, data prep and data blending, Discovery Hub® is a fully integrated, end-to-end solution, delivering faster time to value with fewer resources.
Traditional project work flows simply can't keep up with the volume, variety, velocity of new data sources, or growing number of BI and analytics front-end tools, but Discovery Hub® does so by accelerating data onboarding, managing multiple BI and analytics tools and keeping track of all corporate data. In essence, future proofing the enterprise. The interactive and user-oriented interface, with drag and drop function, enables any user with domain knowledge to rapidly respond to changes and to provide decision makers with the data they need, when and where they need it.
Discovery Hub® combines the power of automation with a metadata-driven approach. The result is fast, reliable and secured data, displayed in any data visualization or reporting front-end tool, whether it is Power BI, Qlik, Tableau, Excel or any other. As it sits on top of the SQL Server stack with full visibility, both on-prem and in the cloud are available and readily customizable.
TimeXtender is one of the world's fastest growing software companies. The company enables businesses to build a data-driven organization with Discovery Hub®, an integrated approach to IT architecture behind business intelligence that helps organizations decrease time to business insights and data-driven decision making. TimeXtender was founded in 2006 and is privately owned with headquarters in Denmark and the U.S. The company has more than 2,600 customers across six continents and 60 countries. Through its global network of channel partners, TimeXtender sells Discovery Hub® to a range of organizations including; Fortune 500, large-sized enterprises and mid-sized companies that use Microsoft® SQL Server®. Visit TimeXtender.com for more information.
Fourdata is a young and dynamic company. FourData helps organizations get more value from their available data. It also delivers value to their customers by creating insight into business processes. FourData helps organizations work more efficiently and effectively so that business processes are raised to a higher level. FourData creates complete Business Intelligence (BI) and Analytics environments by combining TimeXtender's Discovery Hub with user-friendly data visualizations from Microsoft Power BI.


What do you get when St. Jordi's Day falls on Israeli Independence Day?
So what do you get when St. Jordi's Day dovetails with Holocaust Remembrance Day (which begins tonight)…?
How about my thoughts on a mind-blowing Holocaust book?
I wondered how much worse this book could be from all the other books I'd read and movies I'd seen.
"Is it… graphic?" I asked.
She chewed on that. "Not… exactly. It's just very… vivid. I couldn't bear to look back over it myself after compiling it." She said that Don–her husband and our trusty editor–edited and polished it for her.
But I'm a brave soul, and I took it home and after a while of preparing myself emotionally, I read the book.
Suffice to say, it lived up to her warning.
I wrote last year about the gradual structure of my Holocaust education, from a gentle story in first grade to my standing in the gas chamber at Majdanek at age 17. I wrote then that my trip to Poland was the climax of my Holocaust education. I didn't think another level could possibly exist.
Well, it did, and this book is it.
A Damaged Mirror is a "novelized" memoir that tells the story of Ovadya ben Malka, a Jew from Salonika, Greece, who was forced to serve in the Sonderkommando at Birkenau; and Yael herself, who was born with memories she could not have lived. Her quest to learn what and how she remembers intersects with Ovadya's quest for forgiveness and atonement for the unspeakable things he was forced to do under the Nazis. It reads like a thriller and offers a deep and very raw exploration of the unfathomable moral dilemmas of the Holocaust; of free choice & responsibility, forgiveness & repentance, memory & destiny. It's such an important book, for so many different reasons. When I thought about writing a post about it I was overwhelmed by the task because there's just so much to say. I'm going to limit myself to two of the main things I took away from the book.
Many of us know, in theory, what happened on the trains and in the camps. But there are things we gloss over just because they are too awful to think about; things I think most Holocaust survivors never even saw, and those who did couldn't bring themselves to describe them in detail.
For example… it seems naive when I think about it now, but before I read A Damaged Mirror, I had this image in my head that at least the Jews who were gassed died the way people die from carbon monoxide poisoning: slowly drifting into sleep. I didn't realize it, but I'd been holding on to that image as a tiny glimmer of solace in the face of the unfathomable fact that millions of Jews died this way.
Ovadya's descriptions of what he saw while clearing away the bodies shattered my illusions. I didn't think it was possible to be any more horrified and devastated about the Holocaust than I previously was. I was wrong.
And that's just the gas chambers. There was more. Some of the images he describes literally kept me up at night. In the days and weeks after reading the book, I'd be in the middle of some mundane activity and suddenly one of those images would come back to me and I would need to breathe and ground myself, reminding myself that I am safe and my family is safe… as though it were my own trauma I was reliving.
Difficult as it was, I think people need to know those details. Especially these days when people compare everything from Syria to Trump's election to the Nazi regime. Reading the book gives you a very healthy, if difficult to swallow, dose of perspective.
Without giving too much away: Ovadya struggles to reconcile with the things he was forced to do under the Nazis. He feels culpable; complicit in the atrocities. Many would jump in here to say: but he can't blame himself for the things he did. He did them under the worst compulsion imaginable.
Nonetheless, the book presents some very deep and difficult questions: is it really true that he didn't have a choice? Couldn't he have chosen to die rather than do the bidding of the Nazis? Would that have been the better choice?
If we say that he didn't have a choice–that means he was completely helpless and had no agency. It means that the Nazis won, in that they completely stripped him of his humanity–the power of free choice, which, according to Jewish tradition, is what differentiates us from other living beings. We would rather believe that we always have a choice; that the Nazis could take away our rights, our freedom, and our lives, but they could never take away our humanity. I, for one, don't want to accept that they could. I refuse to grant them that victory.
But if we say that Ovadya did have a choice–that makes him at least somewhat complicit in what the Nazis forced him to do.
Reading the book, I not only wanted to forgive Ovadya, I wanted desperately for him to forgive himself. I wanted to know that he could find some semblance of peace and resolution, not just for him, but for me; because who knows how I would have acted under those same circumstances? Would I have had the strength of will to walk into the gas chamber willingly rather than have to clear it out fifteen minutes later?
And who knows if that really would have been the right thing to do? What about the children and grandchildren and great-grandchildren who would never have been born?
Moreover, I wanted Ovadya to forgive himself because I felt that would be his one final triumph over the Nazis.
The book doesn't offer easy answers or tidy conclusions. It really makes you think.
Kasva Press produced an excellent discussion guide called Moral & Religious Dilemmas in the Holocaust which brings excerpts from the book along with questions for people to think about and discuss. You don't need to have read the book; it stands on its own. You can download it for free on their website here.
Yael informs me that Kasva plans to re-release A Damaged Mirror under a new title in the next year or so. In the meantime, it's available through their website and all the major distributors, including Amazon (Amazon.es too 😉 ). Yael also blogs at https://www.damaged-mirror.com/blog/.
Happy St. Jordi's Day… and a meaningful Holocaust Remembrance Day.


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Master roll cutter used to produce Mastertouch piano roll masters, by Acme Machine Company, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America. MAAS Collection.
Composition: Adrian Lim-Klumpes, Dr Oliver Bown and Tangents (Adrian Lim-Klumpes, piano; Oliver Bown, digital production; Peter Hollo, cello; Shoeb Ahmad, guitar; Evan Dorrian, drums).
Augmented reality system: Code on Canvas.
Digital audio and mechanical systems: Dr Angelo Fraietta, Interactive Media Lab, UNSW.
Generative system development support: Liam Bray, UNSW Interactive Media Lab.
Interactive Media Lab student support: Sarri Talhami (augmented reality programming), Alvin Zhong (augmented reality animation).


Matthew Linares is Technical and Publishing Manager with openDemocracy. He is a variable tinkerer writing and organising around debates in technology and more: Thought and projects. He tweets @deepthings. Encrypt mail to me with my public key.
What should we be asking about AI? A chat with Miles Brundage, researcher at the Future of Humanity Institute and specialist in artificial intelligence policy.
In Limbo glides us through the Internet, as perceived from its insides, from the perspective of the evolving consciousness coming to life within. At the Open City Documentary Festival, 23 June 2016.


text:
Дрвалевице  — деревня на западе Польши, расположенная в гмине Кожухув в Новосольском повяте Любушского воеводства. Немецкое название — Wallwitz. Дрвалевице лежит примерно в 5 км к востоку от Кожухува.

В деревне сохранился дворец XVI века. Во время Второго раздела Речи Посполитой в 1793 году Дрвалевице перешла к Пруссии и получила название Валлвиц. После Второй мировой войны возвращена Польше.

С 1975 до 1998 года административно Дрвалевице относилась к Зелёногурскому воеводству, после чего была передана Любушскому.

Примечания

Населённые пункты Любушского воеводства

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Parents here is all the info we covered at the meeting. Please let ups know if you have any questions. Thank you for your support!
Work on feeder program (communication with middle school, Thrasher & Nolan through Elementary School meet).
Continue to build upon success that has been started.


Emerging from the rubble, few expected Palaceer Lazaro (aka Ishmael "Butterfly" Butler formerly of Digable Planets) to gain such notoriety with Shabazz Palaces.
"Shabazz Palaces constantly pushes the limits of funk, hip-hop, jazz, and world music, straying away from typical song structures in favor of more creative endeavors. In 2010, Seattle publication, 'The Stranger,' honored the group with the first ever Music Genius Award. "Shabazz Palaces don't have to tear up the block; they energize the scene without breaking a sweat," states Larry Mizell, Jr. of 'The Stranger.' This revolutionary debut is now available for the first time ever on limited edition clear vinyl"


Three video games in one! Kind of.
Genre blending is all the rage these days, and I couldn't be happier about it. There's just something so fascinating about a developer taking two concepts we're all familiar with, and proving they can work together in harmony. And the logical progression, of course, is upping the ante on how many genres one game is home to. It's a dangerous approach, but the browser-based Heroes of the Realm is a game that's bold enough to take it.
With ideas plucked from the simulation, card battle, and strategy genres, there's a whole lot going on in Heroes of the Realm. Players will construct kingdoms, build up armies, and take on the gargantuan task of ruling the land. At first blush, that sounds like something we've done in countless games in the past. But the combat is actually card-based, and taking over the land requires the player to engage in tactics usually saved for strategy games. Wrap your brain around all that.
The game's story is similarly bold. Several heroes were called to serve in the "Second Eternal War," which took place in an alternate dimension. Time moves differently in each respective dimension, and although 300 years passed in their home dimension, only a single year passed in the dimension the heroes were in. When they come back from the war, they find that there's no king, country, or home to call their own. In response, they set out to find a leader who can help them rebuild the kingdom.
And I thought my life was hard.
Heroes of the Realm is being published by OGPlanet, a company with more than a few popular free-to-play games under their belt. There will be a brief beta for the game between December 13 and December 17, with a proper release date likely to follow.


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