The bridge, upon which history this way passed, still stands. Renovated, but with some of the original paving slabs that echoed to the hobnailed boots of Japan's Imperial army. It was on this bridge that an incident took place that some historians now believe may have been the first shots of The Second World War.
Certainly the forces that were unleashed – the mass and deliberate targeting of civilians and urban areas, the twisted beliefs in ethnic superiority – were characteristics of the global conflagration that up until now was entirely deemed to have started in 1939.
We are marking the anniversary of Germany and Japan's surrender in 1945, but it is legitimate to suggest that the incident that sparked the conflict that became World War Two occurred not in Poland in 1939 but in China, near this eleven-arched bridge on the outskirts of Beijing in July 1937.
Let's look at the undisputed facts: Japan occupied Manchuria in 1931; a wider invasion began in 1937, and, by the time Japan surrendered in 1945, between 13 and 20 million Chinese people had died. Refugees trying to flee the fighting numbered 100 million.
The incident, a bloody skirmish between Chinese and Japanese troops on and near the bridge, ignited initially by reports of a missing Japanese soldier who was later found, sparked a sweeping Japanese invasion of China, and became known as the Marco Polo Bridge Incident.
The conflict is referred to in China as the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (1937-45) and the Anti-Fascist War. Japan's expansionist policy of the 1930s, driven by the military, was to set up what it called the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.
A sphere. Such a mundane word. The Great Victory and Historical Contribution exhibition at The Museum of the War of the Chinese People's Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, located inside the Wanping Fortress, near the bridge, was opened on July 7, 1987 on the incident's 50th anniversary. It shows the consequences of trying to establish the sphere.
Its air-conditioned halls display the relics of war: rusty rifles, machineguns, tattered tunics, and from the walls, hang grainy black and white pictures that bear testimony to the brutality inflicted upon Chinese civilians. More than 2,800 artifacts and 1,000 pictures are on display. They assault the senses. A spiked metal cage to torture captives, images showing heads mounted on stakes and the remains of a raped woman are painful to look at and are a juddering reminder that before Britain's lonely battle for survival in May 1940, China stood alone.
But hold on. Was it not the Kuomintang, the nationalists, who largely engaged the Japanese? The Communists, who defeated the Kuomintang in 1949, were in disarray in 1937. Didn't Mao Zedong tell Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka in Beijing in 1972, when diplomatic relations were restored between China and Japan, that if it hadn't been for the Japanese the Communists would never have taken power as the invasion gave them time to regroup under an umbrella of resistance to Japan. The museum, not surprisingly, plays down this aspect. Some of the captions do mention the Kuomintang, yet one is left with the impression that the Communists were largely responsible for fighting, or at least organising the resistance to the Japanese. This was also the theme when Russian President Vladimir Putin came to Beijing as guest of honour for a military parade on Sept 3 marking the 70th anniversary of the conflict's end. The war ended in Europe in May 1945 and Japan surrendered in August. But the official Japanese surrender was received on the USS Missouri on Sept 2 and the Chinese delegation on the ship announced a three-day holiday from Sept 3 to mark victory over Japan.
The leaders of Russia and China want to present what they claim is a new political front. Leaders from the Allied countries were invited but none will attend. China accuses the West of generally ignoring its role in the war. In this they are correct; the Chinese theatre is only now beginning to be appreciated as a factor in tying down Japanese troops. But the Communists were also none too keen on discussing the war in case it gave credence to the Kuomintang. That has changed. A more assertive Beijing feels it can bolster its reputation by establishing direct lines between resistance to Japan, its legitimacy and its stance against Japan in maritime disputes.
Russia too has a grievance as events in Ukraine meant that no major Allied president or prime minister went to Moscow in May for their parade. In defeating the Nazis, it is said that the US gave materiel, Britain gave time but the Soviet Union gave blood and more. Four out of every five Nazi soldiers were killed on the eastern front. Chinese president Xi Jinping and Putin have common ground, not least their pressing domestic concerns, including stalling economies and setting the agenda of a history that unites. No mention of the cultural revolution or June 1989 – too politically sensitive and the "wrong type'' of history.
A new grand alliance? No, at least not yet. China is more outward looking; it wants to engage, on its terms, with the West, but it still wants to engage more. It is seeking to open up the "Stans" and central Asia economically and build an efficient, speedy and safe land trade route to Europe. It is also undergoing an economic transformation with less reliance on low-end manufacturing. Russia, hit by sanctions over its actions in Ukraine, views the West with greater suspicion. Beijing and Moscow have formed a partnership of convenience, based, in part, on ignoring inconvenient truths.
But if the past is another country, then in China that country is Japan. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe is viewed as insincere in Beijing for his comments regarding Japan's wartime actions. Of all the ironies, it is Japan, a country where the apology is an art form, that should find itself criticised over its inability to convince.
The history that passed on that bridge is still passing.
Now based in Beijing, Tom Clifford is an Irish journalist and has covered events in the middle and far east, central Europe and South America and has worked and written for a range of publications including the Irish Independent, South China Morning Post, Japan Times, Gulf News and The National.


text:
Katrina aftermath: Who's building what
Tragedy sparks new take on affordable homes, federal emergency assistance
by Jessica Swesey |
CHARLOTTE, N.C. — Less than one month before hurricane season begins in the Gulf Coast region there are still thousands of families who were displaced by Hurricane Katrina last summer living in mobile homes that are neither secure nor permanent.
Housing rehabilitation and design experts say that while mobile homes were the wrong solution to Katrina's wrath, which destroyed or severely damaged some 500,000 homes, they now pose a new problem as this year's storm season gets underway.
"People in mobile homes are in a transition where they are not in an emergency (situation) but still are not moving forward with their lives either," said New York architect Marianne Cusato, principal of Marianne Cusato Architects.
Cusato's proposed alternative to the trailers dispersed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency is to build 300-square-foot cottages that later can be integrated into the resident's permanent housing. The cottages, which are more attractive than emergency trailers, can be built for less than $35,000 and constructed much faster.
The cottages can be site built by individual contractors or factory built and delivered to the site prefabricated, and there are several design options.
The design for the Katrina Cottage was first unveiled at the Mississippi Renewal Forum last fall and it was showcased at the National Association of Home Builders' International Builders Show in January in Orlando, Fla.
The Katrina cottage is still an idea at this point, Cusato told reporters last week, and it was created to start a dialogue about a better solution.
"A lot of possibilities were born out of this tragedy," she said, including a new way of thinking about affordable housing.
Cusato believes her cottage prototype can create more dignified affordable housing options that may be similar to Sears Roebuck mail-order homes from the early decades of the 1900s.
While showing the cottage prototype at a recent home builder event, she said, many people were impressed with the space and said they'd like to vacation in one. Cusato resisted the idea at first, but later realized that if people found the home inviting and attractive it could mean that emergency and affordable housing for once could shed its long-held image of low-level housing.
The architect expects the first cottage to be ready for a Gulf Coast family to move in this summer.
Meanwhile, Habitat for Humanity has already begun constructing new homes, though the number pales in comparison with how many are needed.
More than eight months after Katrina hit, about 300,000 families are still without homes, said Ken Meinert of the Habitat for Humanity. In that time, the grassroots housing organization has boxed and shipped 195 homes to affected areas and has more than 200 homes scheduled for assembly and shipment.
About 195 more homes are under construction in the Gulf Coast, Meinert said.
Some of the challenges Habitat for Humanity has faced in helping families rebuild, he said, are problems acquiring buildable land, changes with building codes and flood-plain elevations and finding volunteer housing.
The organization, which has built more than 200,000 houses around the world, aims to build 1,000 homes for Katrina victims by summer 2007 and continue with long-term building efforts as long as funding and resources allow.
Each year the National Association of Realtors works with Habitat for Humanity on a local home in the city where the trade group holds its annual convention. This year, NAR will meet in New Orleans and plans to announce some opportunities for Realtors to collaborate with Habitat building efforts, according to an NAR spokesperson.
Even as groups like Habitat have moved along in helping families rebuild their homes and lives, many officials still argue whether rebuilding in the storm-ravaged Gulf Coast makes sense long term.
Ed Olsen from the University of Virginia has compiled information on available rental housing units and found that the vacancy rate was at a historic high when Katrina hit – especially in the South. Cost-wise, placing families in these rentals makes more sense than continuing to house them in hotels and mobile homes, he found.
"My conclusion was that we should provide (the poorest) families transportation to another area and Section 8 vouchers so they could start their lives somewhere else," said Olsen, who studies low-income housing.
More than 1 million rental units in the South rent for less than $700 per month, Olsen discovered.
"Using the existing stock of rental housing would've save billions of dollars," Olsen told a group of reporters on Friday, adding that evidence also points to housing vouchers as a better solution than construction. And even top officials at FEMA have come to this conclusion, he said, albeit too late.
"Construction programs do not perform better than housing vouchers in any respect," he said.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Image size and resolution are two terms that are often confused. Although both linked to images, they mean two different things.
Image size is a count of the number of pixels present in an image. This cannot be counted manually, but must be done by a computer as pixels are usually too small to see with the naked eye.
The computer counts the number of pixels in the height and width of an image, and multiplies these numbers together to produce a measure called the image size. This is done in a similar fashion to the way that the area of a rectangle is calculated.
Resolution, however, cannot tell us how big or small an image is. It is a measure of the quality of the image by counting the number of "information dots" in a square inch of the photograph or image. Naturally, resolution is spoken about in terms of DPI, which is short of dots per inch.
It is important to note that in most cases, print resolution is substantially higher than screen resolution. Because most computers have a resolution of 72dpi, that is the same resolution that should be used for images displayed online.
Resolution is a key factor when it comes to the properties of an image, because it also directly impacts the speed at which it can be displayed on a screen. Amazingly, high resolution images may not look any different to normal resolution images. This would mean that a higher resolution for online media is completely unjustified.
In light of this, it is greatly advisable that images are compressed before online publication. Use www.compressimage.org for all your photo compression needs. This online image compression software is one of the best on the market, and absolutely free to use.


i love dreary days too, and cooler mornings and evenings, and leggings - but i wear those year round.
Seriously. All of it - the absolute best!
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text:
Хайфилл () — город, расположенный в округе Бентон (штат Арканзас, США) с населением в 379 человек по статистическим данным переписи 2000 года.

География
По данным Бюро переписи населения США город Хайфилл имеет общую площадь в 29,27 квадратных километров, водных ресурсов в черте населённого пункта не имеется.

Город Хайфилл расположен на высоте 412 метров над уровнем моря.

Демография
По данным переписи населения 2000 года в Хайфилле проживало 379 человек, 111 семей, насчитывалось 144 домашних хозяйств и 165 жилых домов. Средняя плотность населения составляла около 12,9 человек на один квадратный километр. Расовый состав Хайфилла по данным переписи распределился следующим образом: 92,08 % белых, 5,28 % — коренных американцев, 1,06 % — азиатов, 0,26 % — представителей смешанных рас, 1,32 % — других народностей. Испаноговорящие составили 1,06 % от всех жителей города.

Из 144 домашних хозяйств в 32,6 % — воспитывали детей в возрасте до 18 лет, 61,1 % представляли собой совместно проживающие супружеские пары, в 11,8 % семей женщины проживали без мужей, 22,9 % не имели семей. 19,4 % от общего числа семей на момент переписи жили самостоятельно, при этом 6,9 % составили одинокие пожилые люди в возрасте 65 лет и старше. Средний размер домашнего хозяйства составил 2,63 человек, а средний размер семьи — 2,90 человек.

Население города по возрастному диапазону по данным переписи 2000 года распределилось следующим образом: 26,4 % — жители младше 18 лет, 8,4 % — между 18 и 24 годами, 31,4 % — от 25 до 44 лет, 22,7 % — от 45 до 64 лет и 11,1 % — в возрасте 65 лет и старше. Средний возраст жителей составил 34 года. На каждые 100 женщин в Хайфилле приходилось 100,5 мужчин, при этом на каждые сто женщин 18 лет и старше приходилось 95,1 мужчин также старше 18 лет.

Средний доход на одно домашнее хозяйство в городе составил 28 854 доллара США, а средний доход на одну семью — 30 938 долларов. При этом мужчины имели средний доход в 21 477 долларов США в год против 21 705 долларов среднегодового дохода у женщин. Доход на душу населения в городе составил 12 701 доллар в год. 5,3 % от всего числа семей в округе и 18,6 % от всей численности населения находилось на момент переписи населения за чертой бедности, при этом 21,4 % из них были моложе 18 лет и 29,2 % — в возрасте 65 лет и старше.

Примечания

Ссылки

Города Арканзаса
Северо-Западный Арканзас
Населённые пункты округа Бентон (Арканзас)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Sounding Ground
by Vladimir Lucien
2015 Bocas Prize for Caribbean Literature Honoree
Publication Date: Jul 01, 2014
Imprint: Peepal Tree Press Ltd.
Publisher: Peepal Tree Press Ltd.
Parent Company: Peepal Tree Press Ltd.
Winner of:
2015 OCM Bocas Prize for Caribbean Literature
Vladimir Lucien is a young poet with so many gifts; his poetry is intelligent, musical, gritty in observation, graceful in method. His poems contain stories of ancestors, immediate family, the history embedded in his language choices as a St Lucian writer, and heroes such as Walter Rodney, C. L. R. James, Kamau Brathwaite, and a local steelbandsman. Although never overtly political, there's an oblique and often witty politics embedded in the poems, as where observing the rise of a grandfather out of rural poverty into the style of colonial respectability, he writes of the man "who eat his farine and fish / and avocado in a civilize fight between / knife and fork and etiquette on his plate." This is a collection that is alive with its conscious tensions both in subject matter and form. There's a tension between the vision of ancestors, family, and of the poet himself as being engaged in the business of acting in the world and building on the past, and a sharp awareness of the inescapability of age's frailty, the decay of memory and of death.
More books like Sounding Ground may be found by selecting the categories below:
Poetry / Caribbean & Latin American
Tell us what do you think about Sounding Ground.
Goodreads Reviews for Sounding Ground


Well, this is the most effort I've put into a movie. Enjoy.
But it might make it 4 sum reason!
It's sloppy. Especially the mouth movement. Try syncing it more, don't just have a constant animation of a circle to a mouth, circle to mouth, etc. It was annoying.
I'm not very experienced in lip-syncing. As much as I'd like to be, I can't. I may have done slightly better if I had more time. Thanks.
Epic battle is about to begin when something bbq-ish happens!
Worked all year on my clock day submission.


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Mix the paneer, salt, pepper, egg and bread and form into small balls. Refrigerate for an hour or so.
Heat the oil and deep fry the paneer balls over high heat till brown and keep aside.
For the sauce: heat the 2 tbsp oil and add the onions and garlic paste. When a light brown, add the tomato and cook till fat separates.
Add the tomato puree, salt, sugar, chilli powder, oregano and basil and simmer for a minute. Keep warm.
Boil the spaghetti and arrange in a serving dish. Add the cheese balls to the warm sauce and heat through.
Arrange the sauce mixture over the spaghetti decoratively (and taking care not to break the balls), garnish with greens or cheese and serve.


text:
Currently browsing posts about: Hunger
Weekend reading: More on food banks
Rebecca de Souza. Feeding the Other: Whiteness, Privilege, and Neoliberal Stigma in Food Pantries. MIT Press, 2019.
This must be the season for books about food banking (see last week's Weekend Reading).
Rebecca de Souza explains her book as about
food justice and, more precisely, the stigmatizing narratives that surround people who are hungry and food insecure…I argue that stigmatizing narratives about those who are hungry and food insecure—that is, poor people, women, and racial minorities—serve to uphold and legitimize the unjust food system. I use the term neoliberal stigma to refer to a particular kind of Western and American narrative that focuses on individualism, hard work, and personal responsibility as defining attributes of human dignity and citizenship. When people do not live up to these parameters, for reasons out of their control, they are marked as irresponsible, unworthy, and "bad citizens," creating the "Us and Them" phenomenon.
She demonstrates these concepts through observations of two food pantries in Duluth, Minnesota.
Tags: Books, Hunger
Weekend reading: Food Banks and their Discontents
Graham Riches. Food Bank Nations: Poverty, Corporate Charity, and the Right to Food. Routledge, 2018.
I'm not sure how I missed this one when it came out. It's really good.
It is a tough analysis of the politics of charitable food—the institutionalized use of corporate food waste to feed hungry people, largely in OECD countries but also in the U.S.
The analysis is seen in chapter subtitles, for example:
Corporate capture: hunger as a charitable business
Shaming the hungry, regulating the poor
The "dark side" of food banking
The corporate food charity state
Food, as a matter of human rights
The solution? Put rights and politics back into hunger. The book gives examples of how to do this.
Should Food Banks accept donations of Soylent?
I recently received an email from a public relations representative of Soylent, the company that makes those powdered meal replacements. My NYU department once conducted a Soylent tasting. Our conclusion: it may meet nutritional requirements, but it tastes like uncooked pancake batter.
Soylent is pushing hard to get its products into your hands.
Hence the PR announcement that Soylent was donating 100,000 meal replacement packages to New York City's Island Harvest Food Bank and City Harvest, "as part of their #SoylentForGood initiative."
Donating Soylent to Food Banks?
Food Banks accepting donations of Soylent?
I had trouble getting my head around this so I wrote the PR person to check whether the donations were Soylent products or real foods and meals.
Soylent, of course.
Making sure that hungry people get fed is unarguably a Good Thing, but needs consideration about choice, dignity, the kind of society we want to live in, and, not least, food quality.
Soylent as a means to feed the hungry?
The mind boggles.
Tags: Hunger
Food industry: efforts to fight hunger?
I keep saying that food companies are not social service or public health agencies and should not be viewed as such. They are businesses, and everything they do must aim to promote sales and returns to investors.
BakeryandSnacks.com, an industry newsletter to which I subscribe, has collected several of its articles on the anti-hunger activities of its member companies. Is this public health or public relations? Read and decide.
Editor's Spotlight: The food companies committed to fighting world hunger: World hunger remains a persistent crisis, with approximately 842 million people going hungry every day. We look at the bakery and snack giants that are leading the fight against hunger and malnutrition. Read more
Cereals on-demand: UN to pilot 'game-changing' Food ATMs for African refugees: The United Nation's World Food Program (WFP) and World Vision International (WVI) are planning to pilot automated teller machines (ATMs) in refugee camps in East Africa, which dispense locally sourced foods like cereals; much like a banking ATM dispenses cash. Read more
Consumer watchdogs call out Kellogg's for allegedly slashing fortification in Mexican children's breakfast cereals: Three consumer watchdogs contend that Kellogg's has allegedly removed essential micronutrients in its breakfast cereals sold in Mexico, despite 1.6 million children in the country suffering from chronic malnutrition. Read more
Researchers develop disease-resistant climate-smart grains to help eradicate poverty in Africa: The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) says it foresees rolling roll out new varieties of drought- and disease-resistant grains to African farmers next year to increase food security in the region. Read more
Calling for entries: General Mills launches second Feeding Better Futures Scholars Program: General Mills is again calling on young innovators across North America for solutions on hunger relief, food waste and sustainable agriculture. Read more
Call to action: FAO places nutrient-rich millets center stage to boost global innovation: The UN's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has approved India's proposal to observe 2023 as the International Year of Millets. Read more
Kellogg's partners with global food banks to get the most needed foods to people in need: Kellogg is collaborating with Feeding America and The Global FoodBanking Network to make it easier for people to fight hunger by donating the foods hungry families request most from food banks across the globe. Read more
Cereal giants Kellogg, Post and General Mills partner with Walmart to #fighthunger: Kellogg Company, Post, PepsiCo, Unilever, General Mills and ConAgra Foods are some of the suppliers to have joined with Walmart in its 'Fight Hunger. Spark Change' program in the US and Puerto Rico. Read more
Tags: Hunger, Snack foods, World hunger
Weekend reading: Caring about Hunger
George Kent. Caring about Hunger. Irene Publishing, 2016
Kent is a former professor of political science at the University of Hawai'i who in his retirement is teaching at the University of Sydney in Australia and Saybrook University in California. His book is about the causes of hunger and how to overcome them. He's been at this for a long time and can boil the causes down to brief summaries.
Disjunction: Hunger and poverty persist largely because the people who have the power to solve the problems are not the ones who have the problems.
Compassion: On the whole, the people who have the power do not have much compassion for the powerless.
Material interests: The powerful serve mainly the powerful, not the powerless, because the powerless cannot do much for the benefit of the powerful.
Much of the book focuses on compassion and what he calls "caring."
Hunger is less likely to occur where people care about one another's well being.
Caring behavior is strengthened when people work and play together.
Hunger in any community is likely to be reduced by encouraging people to work and play together, especially in food-related activities.
He gives plenty of examples of how to make all this work.
Utopian? Yes, but we need to start somewhere.
Happy Thanksgiving: three reports on hunger and politics
New York City's Coalition Against Hunger has issued a new report on the city's Superstorm of Hunger.
Bread for the World's offers its 2014 Hunger Report: Ending Hunger in America
It comes with an Infographic summarizing the principal action points:
Create good jobs
Invest in people
Strengthen the safety net
Build strong partnerships
And Circa provides an illustrated, interactive (check the links!) account of an analysis by the Sunlight Foundation of how lobbyists and tax dollars affect the cost of your thanksgiving dinner.
The bottom line: Agribusiness spent $71 million on campaign contributions and $95 million on lobbying in 2012. For example:
The National Turkey Federation — a member of an agricultural businesses coalition —has given $1.37 million in campaign contributions since 1989, focused mainly on the House and Senate Agriculture Committees. The group has also spent $3.58 million on lobbying during that time, taking aim at laws for turkey exports and antibiotic rules.
Enjoy your dinner!
Tags: Hunger, Lobbies
Weekend viewing: new films in the making
I've gotten announcements about two films in the making. Both are worth a look.
Gleason Ranch: Risking Everything. This is about
a family struggling to salvage their relationships and their 150 year-old, 5th-generation family ranch in Bodega, California. The project began four years ago with the intention of documenting the everyday difficulties of maintaining a family farm. Now, however, it has turned into a much larger, much more personal story of loss, life, pain, and resilience.
What Does 48 Million Hungry People Look Like?
This is a 78-second animated video aimed at getting people energized about ending hunger in America. It's a follow-up to A Place at the Table and an introduction to the faces and stories of SNAP alumni. I'm guessing a longer version will follow soon. In the meantime, have a look.
Tags: Agriculture, Hunger, Videos
Music for the weekend: Jen Chapin's video "Feed Your Baby"
I was sent a press release this week: "Thought this evocative and provocative song/video "Feed Your Baby" about our broken food system by Jen Chapin (daughter of the late great Harry Chapin) might interest you."
I thought the drawings were gorgeous. But I couldn't understand the words.
When I complained, they sent them and promised to get the words posted on YouTube.
"Feed Your Baby" (words & music by Jen Chapin)
city shut down the B84
was our only good ride to the grocery store
paycheck goes to the glucose strip
patience goes to the 95 minute bus trip
30 hour week — I wish they'd give me more
and I wonder what it's all for
when I can't feed my baby no more
worry worry work and cry
full warm breast goes limp and dry
wilted leaves still priced too high
red raw fingers fill the sack
raid the trailers send them back
silos rotting still I lack
enough to feed my baby
its tough to feed my baby
Granma grew her yams in the yard
in the Carib sun chile it's not so hard
but she traded that sun for the cold and the cash
strong hands picking up office trash
you never dig dirt with a new green card
but her fingers still ache for the yard
now that feeding her baby's so hard
junk food minefield on the tv
dinnertime battle him against me
change the channel try not to see
still starvation
in the 21st century
Here's what the press release says this is about:
Chapin says, "I've been thinking about food justice issues for as long as I can remember, but it was only when I became a mother (and a mother of an exhaustingly picky eater in my 2nd son Van, at that) that my ideas coalesced into a song.
Being responsible for the nourishment of small children really brings it all into stark and harrowing detail and you experience the joys and heartbreaks of our industrial food system in a new way — the good and the bad, the plentiful and the scarce, the gorgeously natural and the mindlessly over-processed.
Maria Eugênia (with animation assistance by Nick Matias) brought all these contrasts, and really, a lot of the heartbreak, to their powerful video.
Tags: Hunger, Videos


Pewabic Pottery was founded in 1903 by Mary Chase Perry (later Mary Chase Perry Stratton) and her partner, Horace Caulkins (developer of the Revelation Kiln), at the height of the Arts & Crafts movement in America, and to this day creates stunning custom tile murals and fountains for public spaces. For over a century, Pewabic has met and exceeded the standards of the nation's most exacting architects and interior designers.
Today Pewabic Pottery is a multifaceted institution with active and growing education, exhibition, museum and design and fabrication programs. Pewabic fabricates heirloom quality architectural tiles for public and private installations, gift and commemorative tiles, vessels, gardenware, ornaments and both reproductions and adaptations of its historic designs. It offers classes, workshops, lectures, internships and residency programs for studio potters and other artists as well as outreach programs (hands-on) workshops, summer apprenticeships, classes for gifted and talented students structured to provide unique educational opportunities to students from preschool through high school. Pewabic showcases ceramic works in widely varying styles and techniques by established and emerging artists. Through its historic exhibits, it tells the story of Pewabic's role in the history of Detroit, the growth of the Arts & Crafts movement in America and the development of ceramic art. Pewabic Pottery was recently recognized by the National Trust for Historic Preservation as a "Historic Artists' Homes & Studios" site.
Now more than a century old, Pewabic Pottery reflects Mary Stratton's vision, which she expressed in these words: "It is not the aim of the Pottery to become an enlarged, systematized commercial manufactor in competition with others striving in the same way. Its idea has always been to solve progressively the various ceramic problems that arise in hope of working out the results and artistic effects which may happily remain as memorials....or at least stamp this generation as one which brought about a revival of the ceramic arts and prove an inspiration to those who come after us."
Pewabic prides itself on the highest quality standards and our century old expertise. Our in-house Design team will make your ordering experience a positive one. Please contact us at design@pewabic.org or (313) 626-2030 to learn more.


Never drain your pool below the skimmer opening.
Never let your pool overflow.
Remove the pool water from all equipment and all plumbing pipes that are at or above the frost line.
Do not remove water from a pool cover without simultaneously adding the same amount of water to the pool.


I am not heading to have as many features as possible implemented, this is not my design goal. If you are more into that, move on to other, good existing kernels. If you are searching for a good mix of improvements and new functions while not sacrificing stability, you are welcome here (see below the history section for more info).
Important: This kernel is only meant to be compatible with official OnePlus OOS and nothing else.
So when the kernel does not run on custom rom XYZ, do not even bother me with it or ask hundred times in the thread for compatibility.
I could not care less about it !!
To add: An open beta (aka community build) is NOT an official build supported here. If you use a community build and have issues, don't complain or even report. I am not merging any kernel changes from open betas into my kernels !!
When using new anykernel concept Boeffla-Kernel: Flash stock kernel of rom first !
This kernel is ONLY compatible to OxygenOs stock, nothing else !!!
If you are using a custom rom that bases on OxygenOs, it might work. However, if it does not work, do not expect me to do tweak to make the kernel running with your favorite rom. I would not do it - my one and only reference is OxygenOs stock.
It is not supposed to be compatible to CM, HydrogenOS etc.
Also note: You have to use Boeffla-Config app which I provide on my homepage to tweak the kernel. 3rd party apps will not be able to unleash the full power of the kernel.
Read the install instructions in the support section on the Boeffla Site.
First read the FAQ section on the Homepage !!!
Click here to learn about all possible kernel settings in the config app (outdated at the moment).
Click here to learn about using the config app (outdated at the moment).
I will refuse to give support if you do any undervolting/overclocking and experience freezes or hot reboots.
I will also not provide any support if you do not use Boeffla-Config app to tweak the kernel, other 3rd party tweaking apps are known (and intended) to cause issues.
I will refuse to give support if you have xposed framework installed and reporting any kind of weird issues. My opinion to xposed it quite clear: too powerful for >90% of the users that just mess up their system with it.
Please provide kernel version, rom version, a detailed issue description and ideally supporting screenshots or log files.
Note: This kernel only runs on OOS 3.x.x for the OnePlus 3T - nothing else !!!
Basically I created my first Boeffla-Kernel in 2012 as there was no kernel for the Samsung Galaxy S3 around that had exactly the mix of functionalities that I wanted. I wanted to have full flexibility in undervolting and charge rates for instance, but did not like the sharpness and/or brightness tweaks many kernels have implemented as per default.
Hence, I began to create my own kernel after a while, adding all the features I like. This is the result of my work, which in the end I decided to share with you. I hope you like it as much as I do.
The objective of this kernel is to have a kernel for daily use. It does not aim for best battery life, or best smoothness or best benchmark scores. Also it does not aim to have the broadest feature set available everywhere.
It aims more for a good mix of all, not sacrificing stability and functionality in the end.
And - most important: It aims to stay quite close to stock !!!
These design targets are also valid for the OnePlus kernel here!!!
So do not even ask for it if it falls into the listed categories. Everything else I am happy to check and decide.
And: I do not really care about benchmark numbers, they say almost nothing as long as something is not completely wrong. Important for me is the feel-good factor.
To reiterate it again: Flash the kernel only if you are running a compatible rom !!!
To tweak and configure the kernel, manually load and install the app "Boeffla-Config V2" from the downloads section on www.boeffla.de.
You need at least version 2.4.21 or higher for the OnePlus 3T Boeffla Kernels.
If you donate at least 2,49 EUR (to be in line with the donation app prices on Google Play store), you will receive a personal donation code which unlocks some nice little comfort functions in Boeffla-Config V2 on top.
... I just hope I did not forget someone. If so, please let me know and I will add you of course.
Thanks to all of you for your great work !!!
Make sure you flash the correct version depending on your firmware version!
I can and will not take any responsibility for bricked phones or lost data.
It is generally recommended to run a complete Nandroid backup in your custom recovery and safely store your personal data before you flash a new kernel.
First beta is online for you guys.
And just to stress it again: It is the VERY FIRST beta, so expect bugs!
so happy to see you again andi! your kernel was simply the best on my galaxy S5 and I missed your affords in my S7!
so happy flashing to everyone!
After jumping from kernel to kernel (since there are many more kernel devs here than on the OP2) with various minor niggles, finally back to the one I feel fits my needs best. This release brings me relief, as now I don't have to go kernel hopping again, and I think Boeffla provides the best support of all. No bugs so far, multirom boot menu works, everything runs great.
Out of curiosity, is the kernel systemless? (Can I revert to stock by just flashing stock boot.img from latest ROM zip?) I ask because flashing the entire stock ROM takes a long time, and the TWRP loading time is also long.
Should I leave ext4 tweaks on or off?
Edit: Flashable stock kernels? Perfect, thank you @Lord Boeffla ! Does it revert any custom kernel to stock kernel?
Been with Boeffla since S3 and via OPO this will be my third phone with the kernel.
After jumping from kernel to kernel (since there are many more kernel devs here than on the OP2) with various minor niggles, finally back to the one I feel fits my needs best. This release brings me relief, as now I don't have to go kernel hopping again. No bugs so far, multirom boot menu works, everything runs great.
This is not possible on OOS in a clean way.
The kernel comes with modules which are placed in /system/lib/modules too.
So only flashing stock boot.img would not replace the kernel modules by stock ones. So it is only a "half-good" solution.
Flashable stock kernels for the 3T, which also include the modules.
Guess this is what you need.
This is something I might need to correct in the app then. Leave them off, there is no ext4 anymore on /data volue with stock OOS (but the f**inkg f2fs).
I will look into that over the next days then.
EDIT: Just tried it - cannot replicate that. Maybe your /data partition is indeed formatted in ext4???
I reopened the app, and ext4 tweaks was off. But when I click on reset profile settings, it turns on. But on reopening again, it turns off automatically every time, so I guess it's working fine. Yes I'm sure I'm on f2fs.
I reopened the app, and ext4 tweaks was off. But when I click on reset profile settings, it turns on. But on reopening again, it turns off, so I guess it's working fine.
Yep, and also means, your data partition is not formatted with f2fs (my op3t came with /data on f2fs)... lucky you. I love ext4 much more, I even consider reformatting /data with ext4 soon, hehe.


text:
Home»Violin Concerto No. 3 in B Minor, op. 61
Violin Concerto No. 3 in B Minor, op. 61
Camille Saint-Saëns lived a long life, and was remarkable for his wide-ranging intellectual interests and abilities. As a child he was, of course, a precocious musical talent, but even then, he evinced a strong natural interest in almost every academic subject--including, but certainly not restricted to, astronomy, archaeology, mathematics, religion, Latin, and Greek. In addition to a life of musical composition and virtuoso keyboard performance, he also enjoyed success as a music journalist, champion of early music (Handel and Bach), and as a leader in encouraging French musical traditions. His father died when he was an infant, and he grew into middle age extraordinarily devoted to his mother--his marriage at the age of forty to a nineteen-year old did not last long. He simply left the house one day in 1881 and chose never to see her again; she died in 1950 at the age of ninety-five. Saint-Saëns went on to live an active life, filling an important rôle in the musical life of France--as performer, composer, author, spokesman, and scholar. He was peripatetic--researching Handel manuscripts in London, conducting concerts in Chicago and Philadelphia, visiting Uruguay and writing a hymn for their national holiday, and vacationing in the Canary Islands. He celebrated seventy-five years of concertizing in August of 1921 in his eighty-sixth year, and died a few months later.
Perhaps his most well-known and successful work is his opera, Samson et Dalila, one of a dozen. However, other works vie for that honor, for he was a most prolific composer, working in almost every genre common at that time. Despite this versatility he perhaps did his best work in the traditional Classical models--symphonies, concertos, chamber music, and sonatas. The concert-going public today may subconsciously think of French music as being defined by the innovations of the completely new directions in which Debussy and Ravel took Gallic musical style. But Saint-Saëns, a dominant figure in French musical life in the generation before them, was securely positioned in the Classical traditions from the century before. His work in those models bears that out, and that is clear in his concertos for solo instrument and orchestra. He wrote well over two dozen of them, including three for violin and orchestra. Of these, Concerto No. 3 has remained a concerto favorite, along with the evergreen Introduction et rondo capriccioso and the Havanaise, also for solo violin.
The first two concertos were relatively early works, but the third was written in 1880, when he was forty-four, at the top of his game, and during the period of his most successful works: Samson et Dalila, the "Organ" Symphony, the Fourth Piano Concerto, the "Carnival of the Animals," and others. It is dedicated to the great virtuoso, Pablo de Sarasate, soloist at the work's première.
While cast in the three traditional movements, with the usual forms, the concerto doesn't hew dogmatically to convention. Saint-Saëns eschews the traditional orchestral introduction, with the soloist entering emphatically after just a few bars of tremolo in the orchestra. In the best Classical fashion, the main theme is composed of just four bold strokes, and it will be easy to track them in the rest of the movement. The solo part is replete with the expected virtuosic figurations, double stops, and the like, but after an orchestral transition, a lyrical second theme in E major ensues. The development continues the happy mood for a while, but the dark, emphatic first theme is soon fodder for a working out. The end of the movement is signaled by a return to the opening material, with busy virtuoso figures heralding the end. Another surprise awaits, for the composer also eliminates the conventional cadenza for the soloist, obviously because the exciting and challenging material in the solo part has pretty much taken care of the need for further technical display in this abbreviated recapitulation.
The gentle, lyrical second movement is a simple dance in the familiar siciliana rhythm. Various solo woodwinds gracefully fill in and out around the solo violin, with the strings providing a lush, undulating foundation. Just as in the first movement, where the incisive main motif provided Saint-Saëns with all the needed melodic material to build the movement, all in the Classical tradition—so in this charming middle movement are the tunes and phrases foursquare, and thus Classical, as well. Pay particular attention to the very end, where one will enjoy the truly unique sound of ethereal harmonics in the solo violin doubled octaves lower by the solo clarinet. Saint-Saëns without doubt could orchestrate!
In another unusual move, Saint-Saëns begins the last movement, not with an orchestra tutti setting the stage for the entrance of the soloist, but with the soloist playing what for all the world sounds like a dramatic operatic recitative for solo violin! After a series of impressive flourishes, the soloist jumps into the march-like theme in B minor---a jagged affair whose second part is a smooth ascending stepwise passage. Both aspects will be heard throughout. The second main idea, cheerfully melodic, and now in D major, closes out the first part. The development is distinguished—after the orchestra alone briefly tackles the main theme--by the introduction of a completely new theme in G major. The full string section sets a lush introduction to this chorale-like theme, followed by the soloist. After figural activity, the main theme from the beginning returns and heralds the recapitulation, which begins with a somewhat brief reëxamination of the main material. But the big, and pleasant surprise is a glorious, uplifting chorale played by the brass—supported by energetic strings--of the winsome new theme from the middle of the movement. The soloist takes it up, and spirited figurations lead the inevitable rush to the conclusion of this most satisfying work. Proving that, despite the innovative blandishments of the next French generation of composers—Debussy and Ravel--Saint-Saëns knew full well how to extract yet more new wine out of the Classical tradition and put it in old bottles.


text:
Q: Opencv Writing video as output.avi from video file not from webcam I am trying to write a video from video file it's not working but when I am using webcam code it's working
there are 2 files one is file.py and the other is web.py
here is my file.py
import numpy as np
import cv2

cap = cv2.VideoCapture('People - 6387.mp4')

fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'XVID')
out = cv2.VideoWriter('output.avi', fourcc, 20.0, (640,480))

while(cap.isOpened()):
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    if ret==True:
        frame = cv2.flip(frame,0)

        out.write(frame)

        cv2.imshow('frame',frame)
        if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
            break
    else:
        break
cap.release()

out.release()

cv2.destroyAllWindows()

and this is my webcam.py this is working properly and writing video
import numpy as np
import cv2

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)

fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'XVID')
out = cv2.VideoWriter('output.avi', fourcc, 20.0, (640,480))

while(cap.isOpened()):
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    if ret==True:
        frame = cv2.flip(frame,0)

        out.write(frame)

        cv2.imshow('frame',frame)
        if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
            break
    else:
        break
cap.release()

out.release()

cv2.destroyAllWindows()`

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


"Wayne demonstrates a capability to define a corporate strategy, to implement difficult restructuring, to pursue it aggressively, and finally to consistently generate significant returns," says Lockheed CEO and 1991 judge Dan Tellep.
"PepsiCo and Calloway finish high on ay list of performance over the last several years," adds fellow selection committee member Jim Harvey, CEO of Transamerica. In this day of global competition, his peers regard him as a world class marketer who has actually done something many chief executives talk about but seldom do: wed the incentive of ownership-to everyone throughout the company – to strategy on a worldwide scale.
"l like the things he's done with the people in his organization, including implementing PepsiCo's unique sharepower plan," says committee member Bob Lear of Columbia Business School. "He's a real people person and very involved in his organization," says Dial Corp.'s John Teets.
PepsiCo's Wayne Calloway inherited a strong, well-run global marketer of powerful brands. That was luck. He gave it sharper focus, greater attention to cost control, and most importantly pushed people forward with the power of ownership. That was ability. Beyond the placid country-boy manner lies a shrewd judge of character who leads by indirection.
People make the difference. Politicians say it. Military officers (when they are not stumbling over compound acronyms say it. And CEOs, nodding like so many backseat auto kewpie say it. With massive downsizing (oops, "rightsizing") of U.S. corporations due to restructurings and a recession, why believe PepsoCo's chief executive anymore than the others? "His example gets us to act on it, not just talk about it," Enrico shoots back. Thenotion of employee empowerment, ever the buzzword of today's management high priests, is difficult to dismiss lightly even at this $18-billion soft drinks, snack foods and restaurants company with 308,174 employees-not when a Florida employee in personnel on her own initiative convinces her local school board to consider a Pizza Hut concession in the school's lunch program, or when a Mississippi Pepsi truck driver comes up with a money-saving scheme by using back roads to shave 100 miles off his delivery route. Then there's the Texaco executive, who in going out to dinner one evening, met a PepsiCo accountant, with no sales responsibilities, who talked the oilman into selling pizzas in Texaco's new European convenience stations.
Isolated anecdotes? Maybe. Yet in 1989 the Purchase, NY-based company offered to all eligible employees something that is normally reserved for the corner office types with blue suits and snappy red ties: stock options. Sharepower is a Calloway brainchild that almost didn't happen. "The lawyers and many at corporate headquarters were dubious because no one had ever done anything like this before," says PepsiCo VP compensation and benefits, Charles W. Rogers. (The number of options is based on employee's earnings; 83,175 employees participate today with 19.5 million options granted of which only 0.2 percent have been exercised. Dilution is not significant.) Share-power is being closely watched by other companies. "The plan is the best expression of fairness and internal consistency in employee incentives today," says Douglas Reid, SVP, human resources, Colgate-Palmolive.
PepsiCo more than anything is a global marketing engine with eight turbo brands each generating more than $1 billion yearly at retail. Brand Pepsi exceeded $14 billion worldwide retail in 1990. Coke still dominates with 40.9 percent of the overall market versus Pepsi's 33.2 percent, nearly a two point gain since 1985, according to Beverage Digest. Each of its three business lines-soft drinks (37 percent), snack foods (28 percent), and restaurants (35 percent)-have managed double-digit sales growth and record operating profits. Frito-Lay, with which Pepsi-Cola merged in 1965 and which Calloway ran from 1976 to 1983, commands almost half the $12 billion salty snack market in the U.S. Use of hand-held computers by Frito-Lay's representatives allows increased distribution control and quicker line extension introductions.
Although the U.S. market will continue to dominate, the future lies beyond. International operating profits were 7.6 of the total in 1987, but will be 20 percent by 1992. Coke has a 2.5-to-1 lead over Pepsi due mostly to its being in Europe directly after the war. Pepsi plans to grow by building the category and taking share from lesser players. Coke's formidable distribution system in Europe, now extended throughout Germany, will assure its supremacy there unless Coke does something really stupid. Yet Pepsi's early lead in the Soviet Union, pioneered by predecessor Don Kendall, and its presence in India, as well as recent acquisitions in Mexico, should keep the folks in Atlanta from being too smug.
Although he came up through finance (as he did earlier with ITT under Harold Geneen) Calloway sees PepsiCo's challenge in choosing "the right people." "He's a mentor and cheerleader to these guys," says John Nelson, analyst with Brown Brothers Harriman, "and generous enough to pass along plenty of the credit." Nelson sees the stock growing 16 percent versus the S&P 500's 7-8 percent over the next three to five years. However relentlessly upbeat, the company faces acute challenges in such areas as its fountain wars with Coca-Cola, where Coke argues to restaurant customers that buying Pepsi's syrup funds competing PepsiCo restaurants. Burger King's switch to Coke represented a loss of Pepsi's biggest fountain customer. Snack profit declined 4 percent overall and 12 percent internationally in the first quarter of 1991 due to price cutting, a troubling sign since snack food profit hasn't seen a decline since 1986.
CE caught up with 1991's Chief Executive of the Year in his Westchester NY, headquarters office overlooking PepsiCo's famous and beautiful landscaped sculpture garden.
Since PepsiCo doesn't participate in rapid growth industries with favorable demographic trends in its favor, how long do you think PepsiCo can continue to be such a terrific cash machine?
First of all, I have to disagree somewhat with the premise that we aren't in a growth industry. Last year, people said that restaurants had a bad year. Actually, the restaurant industry in the U.S. grew about six percent. Packaged goods companies, at least, would think that is terrific.
And if you look back at the history of the soft drink business and the snack food business, they've both averaged four or five percent growth as well. So, compared to most packaged goods businesses, we're in very good businesses for growth. We've doubled our business every five years for 25 years since PepsiCo was formed in 1965. So we expect to continue that for at least another 25 years. We don't see any reason we couldn't. The market will grow. Since we are market leaders in our business, we expect to get more of our share of that growth.
We also have to look at the international marketplace. Much of the world, as you know, is underdeveloped. The U.S. still represents the bulk of our business. Even in a developed country such as Canada, the consumption of soft drinks is considerably less than in the U.S. And the U.K. would be half the U.S. In India, someone will drink in a year what an American would drink in soft drinks on a weekend. So, we have an enormous growth potential all around the world, and that's true now with soft drinks as well as pizza or chicken or snacks.
There are a lot of firms that are very good at marketing consumer products. What do you have that sets you apart from what other people do?
One is that we have outstanding people. I'm sure you hear that from a lot of CEOs, but I think it's clearly true in our case. We work hard at that. So we have an outstanding group of associates at PepsiCo around the world, and a culture that says, take this, he hold.
Our second strength, which is evident, is our strong brands. We have 25 brands that have sales over $100 million. We have enormous strength in that.
The third – and probably the most overlooked for PepsiCo's growth – is the fact that we are quite good at operating things. Generally, people think of us in terms of being a good marketing company. We do pretty well at that, but in addition, we know how to operate lots of businesses in a detailed manner.
For example, Pepsi-Cola has 10,000 sources. A normal packaged goods company-maybe a Kellogg or a General Mills-might have five or six hundred sources; we have 10,000. When you're operating 6,000 Pizza Hut restaurants in the U.S., a lot of little transactions add up to big numbers. That is a real strength that we have that most people don't realize.
That is a very sustainable competitive advantage, if you think, for instance, about out McDonald's. They're not the largest hamburger chain in the world because they're the world's greatest hamburger. But they have very wide distribution, a large number of restaurants, they operate them very well, and they're clean. That is a strength that competitors have not been able to overcome.
Those operating skills are really critical for us, because we don't sell boxcars of anything-we don't sell million dollar orders or billion dollar orders. We sell one pizza at a time, one pack of potato chips at a time.
You continually emphasize the "power of big brands," brand building, and brand equity. But surely your chief soft drink rival has a brand that is every bit as formidable, and some would argue is even more formidable, than any product made anywhere in the world. If your emphasis is becoming a brand company and you're up against the world's biggest, most powerful brand, is this going to be enough to win at the end of the game?
Coke clearly does have the world's strongest brand, and that's recognized by everybody. hat's why they have a great company. So, in our case, that shows we have a great brand-among the top four or five in the world-because that gives us the strength to play against a brand as strong as Coke.
The good news for all of us is that the soft drink business is so huge, and it's growing around the world at tremendous rates. There's plenty of room for both of us. The beverage business is not a zero sum game.
In fact, one of the reasons we've done very well is that there really is a cola war, so we both keep each other on our toes. Nobody's going to sleep in the beverage business, because it's so competitive. And so as a result of that, you're constantly seeing innovations and improvements in the business.
Speaking of the cola war, PepsiCo lost Burger King and Wendy's to Coke last year, but it won from Coke Marriott and Howard Johnson. Will we continue to see a titanic struggle for distribution control where points of sale are lost back and forth like so many pawns and knights?
Oh, certainly. As I said, the cola war is real. Every time we get one of their customers they're going to try to get back, and every time they get one of ours, we're going to try to get back. So, that will continue. It keeps everybody sharp.
Considering that Pepsi has 15 percent of the share of the international market versus Coke's 46 percent, how is Pepsi going to narrow that market share gap?
The international market is so huge and it's growing so fast that it is not a zero sum game. There's plenty of room for Coke to grow very well and for Pepsi to grow quite rapidly as well. It's not a question of, do we have to take share from them or they have to take share from us?
The underdevelopment in all of those markets is so astounding that as they are rapidly developing, they are rapidly picking up the habits of soft drink consumption that we have in the U.S. So we can certainly grow our business at an accelerated rate, and certainly, Coke will as well. I don't think that either one of us is going to worry much about market share. But Coke has said on many occasions that the name of the game is growing the market, really raising our market share, and that's exactly what we're both going to do.
What sort of things do you pay special attention to in the international marketplace that might not receive the same consideration in the domestic operation?
In many of the international markets, the real issue is distribution and having the product available. One of the great things about this country is that almost anywhere you go, a Pepsi is available through a vending machine or fountain. That's the real drive in international marketing.
How will the role of snack foods and restaurants be advanced in the international markets?
We have enormous opportunity in the restaurant side of this business. We're in about 60 countries now with Pizza Hut and we have almost the same number of Kentucky Fried Chicken. That relates to 150 countries we're in with Pepsi. So we have a lot of opportunity with geographic distribution. And again, the development is far behind the U.S. We have 6000 Pizza Huts in the U.S., and we have two in Brazil. That's quite a big spread here that we can develop. The same is true in the snack business. Frito-Lay is in about 27 countries now, and we'll be in three or four times that number before it's all over.
We've more than quadrupled our investment in the international markets outside the U.S. over the last four years. We'll do that again, I suspect, in the next four or five years as well. We have enormous potential in restaurants and snack foods as well as beverages in the international scene. That's why we're very comfortable about continuing to grow.
In each of your three principal businesses, it appears that PepsiCo is modifying or reorganizing the distribution system. Are we approaching the day of perhaps even eliminating the middleman?
If you look at our business over the years, like everything else, it changes. If you went back 20 years ago, Coke and Pepsi would have had maybe 500 bottlers apiece in the U.S., built on a franchise system. As the world changed, as the supermarkets got more regional, as the cost pressures began to get much tougher over the years, that began to force a restructuring of the business. So certainly PepsiCo had to participate in the restructuring. The net result of that today is that Pepsi-Cola owns and operates about half of all the bottling themselves. It's likely to continue consolidating, but at a slower pace than it has been happening.
We won't live to see the day that we're going to control all of that distribution. We're going to always have partners ultimately getting to the consumer. Now, that doesn't mean that we don't have our eyes on the consumer. But we also better have in our mind that getting from the manufacturer to the consumer, there is a partnership in there in many of those cases that will be a retailer or wholesaler, restaurant operator or bowling alley operator, or whatever the case may be. Ultimately, the consumer is the customer. That's why brands are so important, because the ultimate customer is the one that consumes the product. If they have in their mind that this brand is better than that brand or no brand, then that is where you begin to have a viable business transaction. That will help you get through the distribution system in a partnership.
In the age of micro-marketing, allowing ever-greater customization of products, do you anticipate making soft drinks or potato chips or foods that are so customized that you can almost customize it to one brand per family?
That would be difficult. On the other hand, if that's ultimately what the customer wants, you can bet your boots that's what we'll be doing, because whether we like it or not, the customer is king. We aren't down yet exactly to the household, but if you pick any supermarket in the country, we have an idea of the demographics around that one supermarket, what the income is, whether there are 30,000 people or 40,000 people within three miles, what ethnic background that might be, and whether they would like a hot flavor or not so hot flavor or whatever their preferences might be. How far that kind of micro-marketing is going, we don't know, but we want to be out in front of it, not behind it.
You have extended a lot of your brands-made variations of them-as have other companies. Just how long can you keep extending a brand?
The elasticity of the brand is a subject that is very important, and it is something for which your information system has to be very well developed. You have to listen again to the consumer. When you see that you're not getting the incremental sales, that one extension is pulling from one extension, then you have to be sensitive enough to say, maybe it's time to pull back.


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ITC makes a point to donate to charitable organizations all year round through the Sharing and Caring Committee. For #GivingTuesday we wanted to hear from the ITC Team about what causes they're passionate about and why.
I have been involved with Michigan CASA (Court Appointed Special Advocates) for six years and was recently elected to their board. I feel strongly about CASA because the organization helps to break the cycle of abuse and neglect of children in our state by providing these kids an opportunity to see a positive path with supportive people to guide them. Learn more: www.michigancasa.org.
The Grand Rapids Griffins Youth Foundation (GRGYF) is a free hockey program for kids in 1st through 12th grades. Established in 1995, the foundation provides hockey equipment, ice time and coaching staff for approximately 360 kids each year, allowing them the opportunity to participate in a sport that they otherwise may not be able to afford to play.
This program not only teaches kids how to play hockey. It teaches them respect, discipline and how to work within a team. There is diversity among players and the participants often play on coed teams and with players who have physical and mental disabilities such as hearing impairment, ADHD and Autism. In addition to that, the foundation promotes community involvement, healthy lifestyles and academic excellence among the youth of West Michigan, enhancing their lives through hockey and ice-related sports.
I have donated my time and resources to this organization for the past 11 years because my son has been an active participant for all of those years. I enjoy giving back to a program that has given so much to the kids in my community. Learn more: http://www.griffinskids.org.
BISSELL Pet Foundation (BPF) is a nonprofit organization that helps to reduce the number of animals in shelters/rescues by providing funds for adoption, spay/neuter programs, microchipping and foster care. I have served on the BPF Junior Board of Directors for four years. I support BPF because they work every day to help shelters animals find loving, "furever" homes, while also working to put an end to puppy mills through funding and education. Learn more about the BISSELL Pet Foundation: www.bissellpetfoundation.org.


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Riots, rock bans and redemption: The lesser known history of Red Rocks
by Derek Etsler
Backstage at the famous Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado, history is literally written on the walls: the stairway that leads to the stage has signatures and inscriptions from countless performers that have been blessed to grace the legendary stage. Modern artists such as Bon Iver and The Flobots have had the honor of signing their names to the narrow, rocky stairwell, thereby adding themselves to the veritable who's who of rock n' roll history.
However, much of that history cannot be found written on those walls. Alcohol bans, riots and outright bans of rock music have plagued Red Rocks as it transitioned from natural wonder to modern theater.
The origins of a world-famous venue (1906-1963)
The first documented performance at the venue, penned The Grand Opening of the Garden of the Titans, occurred on May 31, 1906. The Red Rocks land had recently been purchased by former Cosmopolitan Magazine owner John Brisben Walker, who intended to turn the park into an outdoor symphonic hall. This first performance featured Pietro Satriano and a 25-piece brass band, and signified the opening of the Amphitheatre to the public. A couple years later, the largest scale performance to date occurred at the Feast of Lanterns. Modelled after the event in Nagasaki, Japan which shared its name, the festival included four military bands along with fireworks celebrating the opening of the scenic road on Mt. Falcon.
Walker continued with his vision of making The Garden of the Titans a world-famous music venue by booking acclaimed opera singer Mary Garden in 1911. After her solo performance, the singer claimed: "Never in any opera house in the world have I found more perfect acoustic properties...I predict that someday, 20,000 people will assemble there to listen to the world's greatest masterpieces."
Denver purchased the land from Walker in 1927 for $54,133 (that's $735,129.25 today). Plans were set in motion for renovations and redevelopment. However those plans were put on hold when the stock market crashed in 1929. Construction finally began in 1936 after enlisting the help of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA), both of which were agencies created by President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal. Modelled after the ancient venue Taormina in Sicily, the amphitheatre was completed in 1941.
A match made in heaven: Rock meets Red Rocks (1964-1970)
Fast forward to August 26, 1964, when the first notable rock show at the venue took place. The headliner? The now world-famous Beatles.
It was the only show not to sell out on the Fab Four's American tour. However, the 7,000 fans they drew broke the box office record for an open-air venue at that point in time. The band was the first of many to require oxygen canisters on stage, as the thin air caused shortness of breath.
Before the show, there had been death threats on the band. Producer George Martin and band manager Brian Epstein remember overlooking the stage and crowd, worrying that a sniper could pick off a band member at any time, from anywhere. Luckily for everyone, the threats never came to fruition.
By this point in 1964, alcohol had been banned from the venue because of two major incidents. In 1962 at a Ray Charles concert and 1964 at a Peter, Paul and Mary concert, audience members had thrown beer cans onto the stage. This set the precedent of banning alcohol at the venue, a ruling that did not last long.
1968 saw many legendary acts at Red Rocks, including the only modern Red Rocks performance with no known photographs or audio recordings: Jimi Hendrix took the stage with Vanilla Fudge, a show that only exists in memory. In August of the same year, Aretha Franklin refused to take the stage because of a contract dispute. This caused a near riot that caused the crowd to storm the stage and destroy a piano. The city reacted with a one-year rock ban at Red Rocks in 1969, arguably the most important year of rock music history.
The "Riot at Red Rocks": no more rock n' roll (1971-74)
However, the most notorious rock ban at the amphitheater occurred after a Jethro Tull show in 1971. Between 1,000 and 2,000 people showed up to the sold out show sans tickets on June 10, 1971. The crowd was directed to the parking area behind the stage, where they could hear, but not see the concert.
The situation was under control until the crowd began to charge the police line in an attempt to get inside the venue. After the angry members of the crowd began throwing rocks at the police, the authorities responded with tear gas, which was carried by the wind into the paying audience. Attempting to gain control of the situation, the police refused to allow anybody to cross their line, including the band.
Knowing he was the only one able to quiet the unruly crowd, Jethro Tull frontman Ian Anderson ran on stage to address the crowd. He instructed concertgoers to wrap their faces with shirts and the show would go on as planned, in hopes of calming the riots. The band went on to play amidst swirling tear gas and sound of riots behind them. Had the band invoked the "act of god" clause in their contract and refused to play, things could have been much worse.
The aftermath of the 'Riot at Red Rocks' saw Mayor William McNichols issue a ban of rock music on the venue. McNichols boldly claimed that there would never be rock concerts at the venue as long as he was mayor. For the next five years only softer acts like John Denver, Carole King and The Carpenters were booked at the venue.
The music returns (1975-present)
In 1975, a U.S. Circuit Court judge ruled that the city had acted "arbitrarily and capricious[ly]" in their rock ban. The judge is quoted as saying: "Who do you think you are, czars? You're going to tell the people what they should listen to?" Rock music was allowed back in the venue in the summer of 1976, but not before promoters learned a great lesson. The venue began booking multiple nights for large acts, and had better knowledge on how to handle unruly crowds.
The only act that has been banned since is jam band Phish, who played a four night run in 1996. Known for their partying and obsessive devotion to the Vermont band, Phish fans had taken over Morrison for a week. The citizens of Morrison were distraught by the invasion of their town, with fans camping anywhere they pleased and partying all the time. The band was eventually invited back in 2009.
Today, Red Rocks Amphitheatre has their crowd control down to a science. Promoters and police alike know when to let a crowd run its course and when to take preventive measures to ensure safety. Multiple night runs are now a common-place to prevent gate crashing and riots. Alcohol cut-off points inside the venue are strict and crowds are treated according to their individual qualities.
Regularly believed to be the best outdoor venue in the world, the Amphitheatre is now a tourist destination and local treasure. The venue is as woven into Colorado culture as skiing and biking, as microbrews and hiking. Countless artists have described playing on the famed stage as "a dream come true" and "the pinnacle of their career." There is something enchanting about the venue, with its recent history only further adding to the mystique. Simply put, Red Rocks is rock n' roll.
Telefon Tel Aviv9:00pmOphelias Electric Soapbox
The Wailers8:00pmGothic Theatre
Colfax Speed Queen8:00pmLost Lake


After more than 30 years, Jim Philips is hanging up his headphones and ending The Philips Phile broadcast on Real Radio 104.1.
Stacy submits a 2018 version of Stacy's Diary for the Phinal Philips Phile. Here is the full version.
Phinal Philips Phile - Jim's wife Catherine Philips talks about what it is like to be married to a radio icon.


Mervyn and I went to Mark Simonitch's house today for some Saturday afternoon wargaming. We started off with a Successors' III playtest.
As I started with the lowest VP total at start I chose Mervyn to go first and I would go last. The first turn was pretty much a land grab using the looser rules for placing garrison markers in the 3rd edition. Now you are not limited to only placing garrison markers within 2 movement points of your garrison markers that existed before the start of the Tyche segment. This makes it possible to string them out from markers just placed. Additionally each marker need only be within 2 MPs of one just placed. After claiming most of the areas in turn 1 The victory points were Mark - 21, John - 22, and Mervyn in the teens but he ended up with the most Legitimacy. All players still had Champion status.
In turn 2 Mervyn picked me to go first and I started a campaign in the 6 VP province of Greece but it was cut short when Antipater had to return first to Macedonia (after first defeating the Greek Army) to deal with the Autariatae and then Thrace to face the threat of Antigonus who moved into the Hellespontine. Peithon sat for most of turn 1 and 2 in Atropanene facing a threat from offshoots of Perdiccas' army. Mervyn sent Craterus to Phoenicia to contest some of Mark's holdings while starting Perdiccas' march towards Pella with Alexander's body. Seeing this Mark used his naval dominance (3 fleet points vs 1 each from Mervyn and I) to attack Perdiccas (11 strength) in Celaenae (From Tyre through Cyprus, Pamphylia, and on to Celaenae). After asking Mervyn "you only brought 11 strength points into my province?", Mervyn rolled an 11 and defeated Ptolemy's and Antigonus' (Mark) army of 19 strength points sending them both to the displaced box. I decided to go after Perdiccas with my 18 strength (oops only 14 after the Royals refused to fight) vs Mervyn's now 10 strength army. A few die rolls later and victory was ours as Perdiccas went to the displaced box! I now had AlexIV, Heracles, and the body. It was now Mervyn's turn and he sent Craterus against me but now I had the legitimacy lead and his Royals sat out the fight. In the end I was the only one with Major Generals still on the map. On my final card play of turn 2 Antipater returned to Pella with the body and won the game with 19 Legitimacy points. The game ended so quickly we had time for another so we set up Friedrich. I would like to play this one again as we didn't get a chance to see/use most of the new cards.
4. Using Tyche card Ops value to move a general. Number of Ops is number of movement points. [Edit] Actually this is how it is done in 2nd edition and currently in the playtest. Mark had mentioned before about using the OPs number as a movement die roll. So if you had a 3 rated general playing a 4OPs card would allow him 4 MPs, a 3 OPs card would give him 3 MPs and a 1 or 2 OPs card would give him 2 MPs. This version is what I was thinking about.
5. Asia Minor fleet requires control of only Caria.
6. Legitimacy for burying Alexander's body is tallied different. If buried outside of Pella you still earn 2L but it is now tied to the location, so you can lose it! If buried in Pella you get an additional 8L that you can't lose.
7. There is a new heir for Antipater, that has the same rating, when he dies on turn 3. Can't remember his name.
Are the rules published anywhere yet?
Not that I know of. I got my copy straight from the source, Mark Simonitch, when we played last.


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» Politics & Law » Former Defense Secretary Says Alternative Proteins Critical to National Security
Former Defense Secretary Says Alternative Proteins Critical to National Security
Politics & Law Top Stories
©Mosa Meat
The production of plant-based and cultivated meat should be regarded as a national security issue, according to Matt Spence, a former deputy assistant secretary of defense.
In a recent op-ed titled "The National Security Case for Lab-Grown and Plant-Based Meat", Spence outlined several reasons why the US government should invest in animal-free protein to enhance food security.
The article highlights Israeli President Isaac Herzog, who became the first world President to taste cultivated chicken at the COP26 Climate Summit in October. Herzog commented the chicken was "amazingly delicious" and suggested cultivated meat technology, which uses fewer resources and leaves a smaller carbon footprint, was critical to both Israel's and the world's security.
Image courtesy of GFI
Spence says other heads of state have privately expressed greater fear over climate-driven drought and loss of arable farmland than nuclear weapon proliferation. While serving at the Pentagon and National Security Council, Spence reports both organizations constantly sought to address long-term global risks using conflict-free, technological solutions.
One of the "most immediate, politically feasible, and high-impact ways" to achieve those ends, according to Spence, is for the US government to accelerate animal-free protein production.
Avoiding climate change wars
Pointing to the major environmental problems caused by industrial agriculture, especially heavy methane emissions, deforestation and inefficient conversion of calories, Spence argues alternative protein can help relieve the pressure on land and water resources that often leads to political conflict.
©New Age Meats
The increasing appetite for meat in Asia, Africa and Latin America will only further strain existing crop systems, where global yields are expected to drop three to six percent in each coming decade. Spence cites the example of ISIS, which used crop failures and droughts to grow its support base, and contends animal-free meat is one of the best ways to satisfy consumer demands while preserving precious stores of land and water.
Broad support from existing industries
Plant-based and cultivated meat have long been hailed as an effective solution to food security issues. Last summer, vegan investor Prince Khaled bin Alwaleed joined a panel to promote the potential of alt-protein to secure the global protein supply at the World Agri-Tech Innovation Summit. And countries like Singapore, Canada and Japan have already either begun to regulate the production of cultivated meat or announced significant government investments in animal-free protein production.
Perhaps most importantly, Spence concludes, alternative proteins have received strong support from established companies in the sector such as Cargill, Tyson Foods, JBS, Danone and Nestle. Unlike other climate-mitigation solutions, like electric cars, plant-based and cultivated meat have enjoyed widespread political backing and therefore stand a much greater chance at effecting real change.


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This year's honorees include Dr. Bennet Omalu, best known for having first identified the disease he named Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) in athletes who had competed in high-impact contact sports. He will receive the William Steiger Memorial Award.
ACGIH® will honor its 2018 Awards recipients during this week's American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition in Philadelphia, recognizing individuals or groups who have made significant contributions to the profession through their leadership and dedication. The list includes the Herbert E. Stokinger Award, the John J. Bloomfield Award, the Meritorious Achievement Award, and the William Steiger Memorial Award, which is notable this year because the recipient is Dr. Bennet Omalu, best known for having first identified the disease he named Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) in athletes who had competed in high-impact contact sports. Omalu is a Volunteer Associate Clinical Professor at UC Davis in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; the William Steiger Memorial Award honors individuals from the social/political sphere whose efforts have contributed to advancements in occupational health and safety.
The Stokinger Award recipient is Mark D. Hoover, Ph.D., CIH, a senior research scientist in the NIOSH Respiratory Health Division. He also is co-director of the Center for Direct Reading and Sensor Technologies and coordinator of the NIOSH Exposure Assessment Program. The Stokinger Award is given each year to an individual who has made a significant contribution in the broad field of industrial and environmental toxicology.
The Bloomfield Award recipient is Carl E. Johnson, CIH, CSP, who earned his B.S. degree in environmental science and chemistry and M.S. degree in industrial hygiene from the University of Minnesota. Johnson is an Industrial Hygiene Specialist for 3M, is the past chair of the AIHA Noise Committee, and is an active member of the AIHA Exposure Assessment Committee and the AIHA Student and Early Career Professionals Committee. The Bloomfield Award is presented to a young industrial hygienist who pursues the problem of occupational health hazards primarily by doing fieldwork.
The Meritorious Achievement Award recipient is Robert F. Herrick, ScD, CIH, a senior lecturer on industrial hygiene in the Occupational Health Program at the T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health. Herrick has served on the ACGIH Board of Directors, including as its chair in 1992 and again in 2013; he also served the International Occupational Hygiene Association as the U.S. delegate shortly after the organization was founded in 1987, served on the IOHA Board from 1991 to 1995, and was its president in 1996. He also is a Fellow of AIHA. The Meritorious Achievement Award recognizes members of ACGIH® who have made an outstanding, long-term contribution to the progress of occupational health and environmental hygiene. First presented in 1957, it is the organization's oldest award.
The Robert T. Hughes Memorial Award recipient is Raymond B. Hunter, who is being recognized posthumously with this award. He retired from Ray Hunter and Associates, Inc. with more than 50 years of industrial ventilation experience. "Mr. Hunter has a legacy in the industrial ventilation community as a staunch supporter and promoter of the industrial ventilation guidelines and practices outlined by the ACGIH® Industrial Ventilation Manual. His clarity on applications insight and ethical practice has left an undeniable footprint in our industry. Mr. Hunter has made significant contributions to the field of industrial ventilation and ACGIH® is pleased to posthumously honor Mr. Hunter as the recipient of this year's Hughes Memorial Award," ACGIH said in its news release about this year's award recipients.