text:
A kisantant 1921 és 1938 között fennálló katonai és politikai szövetség volt Csehszlovákia, Jugoszlávia és Románia között. Nevét a Pesti Hírlap egyik munkatársától kapta, aki 1920 áprilisában írt cikkében "Apró-Antant" néven utalt rá. A szövetség főleg a Magyar Királyság és a magyar revíziós törekvések, illetve Habsburg-restauráció ellen jött létre, IV. Károly magyar király második visszatérési kísérlete után. A kisantant motorja Edvard Beneš volt, aki Csehszlovákia állandó külügyminisztereként igen sok energiát fektetett a szövetség létrehozásába és működtetésébe. A kisantant több alkalommal került politikai konfliktusba Magyarországgal, igyekezve minél jobban elszigetelni azt. Ilyen volt a Magyarország népszövetségi felvétele elleni tiltakozóakciójuk 1921-ben, vagy a népszövetségi kölcsön megakadályozására tett kísérletek 1923-ban. A nagy gazdasági világválság idején kísérlet történt a szövetség gazdaságivá történő átalakítására, ám ez teljes kudarcba fulladt. Ekkor kezdődött meg a kisantant felbomlása, ugyanis a katonai-politikai szövetségnek nem voltak gazdasági alapjai, így Adolf Hitler hatalomra jutása után a német tőke könnyedén befolyása alá vonhatta Romániát és Jugoszláviát. Habár Beneš megpróbálta a szövetséget életben tartani, kísérletei rendre kudarcot vallottak, és a müncheni egyezmény után maga a szövetség is megszűnt létezni.

Előzményei

A kisantant létrehozásának gondolata egészen az első világháború idejére nyúlik vissza, amikor a cseh, délszláv, román és lengyel emigránsok igyekeztek összehangolni Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia-ellenes politikájukat. Az összefogás gondolatának egyik legfontosabb eseménye a Monarchia Elnyomott Népeinek Kongresszusa volt, amelyet 1918 áprilisában tartottak Romániában. Itt a nemzetiségek a Monarchia feldarabolása mellett foglaltak állást, a kis nemzetek összefogását hirdetve. Ez az elhatározás azonban nem jutott érvényre a világháború befejeződése után: mindegyik nemzetiség a maga államának létrehozásával foglalkozott, és riválisként tekintett a többiekre. Csak a francia csapatok tudták megakadályozni a Bánság miatti háborút Románia és Jugoszlávia között, a két rivalizáló fél szétválasztásával. Lengyelország és Csehszlovákia pedig háborút folytatott Teschen birtoklása miatt 1919 januárjában.

Mikor a magyar követség megjelent Versailles-ban 1920 januárjában, Beneš csehszlovák külügyminiszter megkereste a román és jugoszláv kormányt, hogy hangolják össze fellépésüket Magyarországgal szemben. A javaslat eredménye egy 1920 tavaszán kiadott memorandum lett, amelyben rögzítették követeléseiket, és válaszoltak a magyar kormány békefeltételekkel kapcsolatos beadványára. Ezután Beneš azt javasolta, hogy fűzzék szorosabbra a kapcsolatukat és kössenek egy szerződést, biztosítékként a magyar revíziós fenyegetés ellen. Ám ez a javaslata már nem járt sikerrel, és mind a román, mind a jugoszláv fél elutasította azt, arra hivatkozva, hogy nincs magyar veszély.

Ekkor történt egy éles irányváltás a francia külpolitikában, amely Beneš ötlete számára kedvezett. Az utódállamoknak kedvező Georges Clemenceau miniszterelnök kormánya elvesztette az 1920-as francia nemzetgyűlési választást és a helyére Alexandre Millerand került, aki be kívánta vonni Európa újjáépítésébe Ausztriát és Magyarországot is. Ennek jegyében titkos tárgyalásokat kezdtek a magyarokkal. A lengyel–szovjet háború miatt a franciák egy lengyel–magyar–román szövetséget akartak létrehozni, és gróf Teleki Pál miniszterelnök felajánlotta a franciáknak egy hadsereg felállítását a bolsevikellenes harchoz. Beneš tudott ezekről a tárgyalásokról, és tájékoztatta erről a románokat és a jugoszlávokat is, akik attól rettegtek, a magyar revíziós törekvéseket éppen Franciaország segítségével fogják végrehajtani.

Létrejötte

Beneš kezdeményezésére 1920 júliusától kezdve gyakoriak voltak az üzenetváltások Prága, Belgrád és Bukarest között. A korábban élesen elutasító állásponton lévő Jugoszlávia most siettetni kezdte egy szövetség létrehozását Magyarország ellen. 1920. augusztus 14-én írta alá Belgrádban a jugoszláv külügyminiszter és Beneš a csehszlovák–jugoszláv egyezményt, amelynek első pontja leszögezte, hogy ha bármelyik felet nem provokált támadás éri magyar részről, akkor a másikuk azonnal a segítségére siet.

Beneš ezután Bukarestbe utazott, ahová augusztus 17-én érkezett meg, hogy a románokat is rábeszélje egy hasonló szerződés megkötésére. A francia kormány azonban nem nézte jó szemmel a Magyarország elszigetelésére tett törekvéseket, ezért Millerand miniszterelnök Bukarestbe küldte Joseph Joffre marsallt, hogy beszélje le a románokat a szerződés elfogadásáról. Joffre küldetése sikerrel járt, és Take Ionescu román külügyminiszter nem fogadta el a felajánlott szerződést.

1920 őszén azonban gyökeres változás állt be Franciaország külpolitikájában, mivel Millerand miniszterelnökből köztársasági elnökké lépett elő, és a külügyminiszterének helyét Philippe Berthelot, Clemenceau volt külügyminisztere foglalta el. Ő teljes egészében a formálódó kisantant mellé állt, és elhatárolta magát a magyarbarát orientációtól. Berthelot mindent megtett a kisantant megerősítése érdekében, és megpróbálta Lengyelországot is bevonni a szövetségbe, ám ez végül sikertelennek bizonyult a csehszlovákokkal való ellentétek miatt. Románia mindezek ellenére nem módosította külpolitikai elképzeléseit, és továbbra sem kívánt csatlakozni a kisantanthoz. A változást IV. Károly király első visszatérési kísérlete hozta, aki március 26-án Szombathelyre érkezett, hogy visszatérhessen a trónra. A román vezetés megijedt a Habsburg-restauráció gondolatától, így Beneš intenzív diplomáciai tevékenységét követően 1921. április 23-án aláírt egy egyezményt Csehszlovákiával, majd június 7-én Jugoszláviával is. Ezzel megszületett a kisantant.

Kísérletek Magyarország elszigetelésére

Magyarország csatlakozása a Népszövetséghez
Megalakulása után a kisantant legfőbb célja az volt, hogy minél jobban elszigetelje Magyarországot mind katonai és politikai, mind gazdasági szempontból. Ennek érdekében közösen léptek fel, amikor Magyarország megpróbált az elszigeteltségből kilépni. Az első ilyen akcióra 1921. május 23-a után került sor, amikor Magyarország is kérte felvételét a Népszövetségbe. Magyarország számára ez a külpolitikai elszigeteltségből való kilépést jelentette volna, így minden követ megmozgattak, hogy késleltessék a "háborús bűnös" ország belépését. Ezt csupán 1922. szeptember 28-ig sikerült elhalasztaniuk, ekkor ugyanis a lengyel delegátus indítványára közfelkiáltással szavazták meg Magyarország felvételét a Népszövetség tagjai közé.

Második királypuccs
A következő közös fellépésre IV. Károly király második visszatérése kapcsán került sor 1921 októberében. Bár Horthy Miklós kormányzó katonai erővel hiúsította meg a visszatérést, a kisantant követek tudatták vele, hogy bármilyen Habsburg-restaurációt casus belliként kezelnek. Csehszlovákia és Jugoszlávia részleges mozgósítással igyekezett nyomatékot adni ennek, ám Románia nem tette meg ezt a lépést. Beneš igyekezett a legerőteljesebb fellépés felé sarkallni a kisantantot (úgy mint háborús fenyegetések és ultimátumok) és sikerrel járt. A kisantant nyomására a nagyhatalmak arra kényszerítették Magyarországot, hogy törvényben mondják ki a Habsburg-ház trónfosztását.

Népszövetségi kölcsön
A harmadik közös akció 1923 februárjában következett be, amikor Magyarország a Népszövetséghez fordult kölcsönért, hogy helyreállíthassa gazdaságát, valamint a Jóvátételi Bizottságot kérte arra, hogy engedélyezze a háborús jóvátétel fizetésének a felfüggesztését. Bethlen István magyar miniszterelnök 1923 tavaszán diplomáciai körúton vett részt a győztesek fővárosaiban: Londonban, Rómában és Párizsban. Az angol és olasz kormány támogatta a magyar elképzeléseket, míg a franciák és az egész kisantant egységesen visszautasította azt. Beneš mindent megtett a magyar törekvések elutasítása érdekében és ismételten sikerrel járt: 1923. május 4-én a Jóvátételi Bizottság 5:4 arányban leszavazta a magyar kérést a jóvátétel fizetésének felfüggesztéséről, ami pedig a kölcsön alapfeltétele lett volna.

Anglia azonban károsnak érezte a kisantant fellépését és mindhárom tagállamára komoly nyomást gyakorolt, hogy megváltoztassák álláspontjukat. Beneš 1923. május 10-én Londonba utazott, ahol az angol diplomaták tudtára adták, hogy Csehszlovákia csak az esetben számíthat az angol pénzügyi és politikai körök támogatására, ha a következő konferencián a kisantant pozitív döntést hoz a magyar kölcsön ügyében. Beneš kénytelen volt engedni, és az 1923. júliusi sinaiai konferencián a kisantant már hozzájárult a magyar kölcsönhöz. 1923 decemberében végül a Népszövetség is megszavazta a kölcsönt Magyarország számára. Bár nem sikerült meghiúsítani a kölcsönt főleg Anglia magyarbarát politikája miatt, a kisantant mégis jelentős győzelmet ért el, ugyanis a kölcsönfelvételről szóló jegyzőkönyvbe bekerült a három legfontosabb követelésük: Magyarország elismeri a trianoni békeszerződésben kijelölt határvonalakat, garantálja, hogy egyetlen Habsburg sem tér vissza a magyar trónra, és csökken az ellenségeskedés a kisantant és Magyarország között.

Lord Rothermere cikke

Bár Magyarországnak sikerült az elszigeteltséget részben felszámolnia, a kisantant továbbra is igyekezett azt minél jobban elzárni. Ebben nagy segítségükre volt Franciaország támogatása, amely ország mindhárom kisantant tagországgal barátsági szerződést kötött 1924 és 1927 között. Céljainak megfelelően a kisantant következő akciójára 1927. június 27-e után került sor, amikor Lord Rothermere, a Daily Mail című újság tulajdonosa cikket írt, melyben síkra szállt a magyar határrevízió ügye mellett. Rothermere hosszasan fejtegette a revízió melletti érveket, és megoldási lehetőségként javasolta, hogy azok a bankok, amelyek a kisantant hitelezői, a kölcsönök visszatartásával vegyék rá őket az együttműködésre.

A kisantant válasza nem maradt el, és azonnal ellenpropagandát indítottak, támadások özönét zúdítva Magyarországra, Lord Rothermere-re és az angol külügyminisztériumra. Ez utóbbira azért, mert az angol külügyminisztérium hosszú ideig hallgatásba burkolódzott, így sokan arra következtettek, hogy Lord Rothermere a hivatalos angol álláspontot szivárogtatta ki. A kisantant propagandaakcióját Beneš vezette, aki azzal vádolta meg Rothermere-t, hogy veszélyezteti az európai békét. Ezután Rothermere és Beneš több levelet is váltottak, amelynek köszönhetően a magyar ügy újra és újra publicitást kapott a médiában. Rothermere még Csehszlovákia létjogosultságát is megkérdőjelezte, valamint támadta a kisantant kisebbségpolitikáját, így magyarázkodásra kényszerítette Benešt. Az ügy akkor ült el csupán, amikor az angol külügyminisztérium közölte, hogy Rothermere akciója magánjellegű, és nincs köze a tényleges angol külpolitikai irányvonalhoz.

Gazdasági kisantant

Az 1929-es nagy gazdasági világválság komolyan érintette Közép-Európa államait, mivel azok külföldi kölcsönökből állították talpra gazdaságukat az első világháború után. A válság így előbb elérte a pénzügyi életét ezen országoknak, majd onnan továbbgyűrűzött a termelőszférába is. A kisantant vezetői a szövetségen belül szerettek volna megoldást találni a problémákra, így hozzákezdtek a már korábban is tervezett gazdasági kisantant létrehozásához. Az 1930-as Csorba-tavi konferencián elfogadott gazdasági program alapján születtek meg a csehszlovák–jugoszláv és csehszlovák–román kereskedelmi szerződések, valamint Jugoszlávia és Románia megpróbált egy vámuniót létrehozni. Az alapkoncepció az volt, hogy az iparilag fejlett Csehszlovákia felvásárolja a két agrárország, Románia és Jugoszlávia agrártermékeit. A Csehszlovákiában működő agrárpárt azonban sikerrel elérte, hogy a hazai mezőgazdaság védelmében korlátozzák az agrárimportot. Ennek hatására Jugoszlávia és Románia inkább Németország és Olaszország piaca felé fordult.

A gazdasági válság politikai választ is szült: 1933-ig nem volt hivatalos vezető szerve a kisantantnak, hanem a három tagállam külügyminiszterei évente megrendezett konferencián tárgyalták meg az ügyeket. 1932. december 18-án azonban Beneš javaslatára a belgrádi konferencián elfogadták az Állandó Tanács és a Titkárság felállítását tett javaslatot. Az Állandó Tanács működését az 1933. február 14–15-i genfi konferencián szabályozták: ennek alapján a Tanácsnak a három külügyminiszter volt tagja, és évente legalább háromszor ülésezniük kellett, felváltva a három tagállam fővárosaiban, illetve évente legalább egy ülést Genfben. Továbbá a gazdasági érdekek összehangolása érdekében létrehozták a Gazdasági Tanácsot és határozatlan időre megújították a fennálló szerződéseiket.

Hitler hatása
Adolf Hitlert 1933. január 30-án nevezték ki Németország kancellárjává, és ez a kisantant számára végzetes folyamatot indított el, amely során a szövetség lassan felbomlott. Ez 1934 tavaszán kezdődött el, amikor Jugoszlávia klíringegyezményt kötött Németországgal, hogy agrárfeleslegétől megszabadulhasson. Egy évre rá, 1935. március 23-án Berlinben, március 24-én pedig Bukarestben írták alá a német–román kereskedelmi szerződést. Németország vállalta, hogy az ipari kivitelének növelése ellenében a világpiaci árnál magasabban veszi meg a román és jugoszláv mezőgazdasági termékeket. Ezek a szerződések meghiúsították Beneš azon törekvését, hogy megóvja a kisantantot a német gazdasági törekvésektől. Németország így megnyerte a gazdasági csatát a térségben, és ez alapján kezdett bele a politikai függőség kialakításába. A német gazdasági befolyás növekedésével lett a kisantant egyre szétesettebb.

A német taktika remekül bevált, hiszen Jugoszlávia és Románia gazdasági elkötelezettsége hamarosan politikai síkon is megnyilvánult. A román politikusok a német gazdasági befolyásra hivatkozva azt hangoztatták, hogy jó viszonyt kell kiépíteni Németországgal. Bár kezdetben megosztottság jellemezte a román politikát a kérdésben, lassú eltolódás volt megfigyelhető a németbarát irányzat irányába. A romániai német befolyást mutatja az is, hogy mikor Milan Hodža 1936 januárjában egy közép-európai gazdasági szövetségre tett javaslatot, amelyből a németeket kihagyták volna, a német kormány gazdasági eszközökkel rá tudta venni Romániát, hogy ne fogadja el azt.

Hasonló folyamat játszódott le Jugoszláviában, amelynek Németország vált az elsődleges külkereskedelmi partnerévé 1935-re, míg Csehszlovákia csak a 4. helyet tudta megszerezni. A jugoszláv kereskedelmi politika arra az elvre épült, hogy az ország onnan fedezi importszükségleteit, ahová exportálni tud, ez pedig súlyos csapást jelentett a csehszlovák iparra.

A kisantant erejének csökkenését jól példázza az, hogy nem tudott egységesen fellépni a Rajna-vidék remilitarizálása ellen 1936-ban. Franciaország a be nem avatkozás mellett döntött, és a Népszövetség kivizsgálását, valamint Benešen keresztül a kisantant támogatását kérte az ügyben. A kisantant képviselői azonnal összeültek Genfben 1936. március 11-én, azonban Beneš kénytelen volt szembesülni a német gazdasági függőség okozta külpolitikai változásokkal. Így hamarosan vitába került Milan Stojadinović jugoszláv kormányfővel és Nicolae Titulescu román külügyminiszterrel, akik megakadályozták egy elítélő nyilatkozat kiadását.

Franciaország még beavatkozhatott volna a szövetség védelmében, ám a franciák csak biztonsági célokra használták a szövetséget, hogy Németországot a kétfrontos háború veszélyével elrettentsék akár a Rajna-vidék remilitarizálásától, akár a támadó háborútól más országok ellen.

Megegyezés Magyarországgal
Miközben a kisantant három tagállamából kettő egyre inkább német befolyás alá került, addig Csehszlovákiára nyomasztóan hatott a németek egyre növekvő ereje. Beneš ezért minden tőle telhetőt megtett, hogy a szövetségbe új életet leheljen, és ennek része volt a Magyarországgal való viszony normalizálása is. Ezért megpróbálta rábírni a román és jugoszláv vezetést, hogy kezdjenek tárgyalásokba Magyarországgal. 1937 elején folytak is titkos jugoszláv–magyar tárgyalások, ám ez a folyamat megakadt az 1937. március 25-én megkötött olasz–jugoszláv szerződés hatására, amelyben a két ország kölcsönösen elismerte a másik fennálló határait. Ez a kisantant bomlásának egyik szembetűnő jele volt, hiszen az 1933-as szervezeti egyezményben világosan lefektették, hogy a tagok nem köthetnek hasonló szerződéseket a többi tagállam hozzájárulása nélkül. A kisantant felbomlásának lehetősége már a kortárs politikusok számára is elképzelhetőnek tűnt, ezt mutatta az is, hogy Olaszország nem sokkal ezután Romániát is megkereste egy hasonló szerződéssel kapcsolatban.

Az 1937 áprilisában tartott belgrádi konferencián a csehszlovák küldöttség újabb elkeseredett lépéseket tett a szövetség megmentése érdekében: jegyzőkönyvbe vetették, hogy a tagok Magyarországgal kötendő egyezmény előtt kötelesek értesíteni a többieket, mivel Beneš komolyan félt attól a lehetőségtől, hogy Jugoszlávia titokban külön egyezséget köt a magyarokkal. Ennek ellenére a csehszlovák küldöttség fontos célja volt, hogy normalizálódjon a szövetség viszonya Magyarországgal, hiszen a szudétanémetek ügye egyre jobban kiéleződött, és Beneš szerette volna legalább a déli határait biztonságban tudni. A kérdés ezért újra napirendre került az év májusában tartott genfi konferencián, ahol a küldöttek végül arra szavaztak, hogy üljenek tárgyalóasztalhoz a magyarokkal.

A tárgyalások első fordulójára az 1937. augusztus 30-án megnyitott sinaiai konferencián került sor, ahol Bárdossy László akkori bukaresti nagykövet külön-külön tárgyalt a kisantant küldötteivel. A magyar küldöttség három pontot fogalmazott meg a tárgyalások alatt: Magyarország fegyverkezési egyenjogúságának elismerése, megnemtámadási szerződés a kisantant tagállamaival és a magyar kisebbség kisebb problémáinak megoldása. Ez utóbbi azt mutatja, hogy a magyar kormány nem kívánt a kisantanttal, mint szövetséggel megegyezni, hiszen ez volt a legalkalmasabb kérdés arra, hogy a három tagállamot megosszák.

A magyar stratégia remekül bevált, hiszen 1937. szeptember 20-án kezdődő genfi tárgyalásokon Victor Antonescu, a román külügyminiszter közölte magyar társával, Kánya Kálmánnal, hogy a román kormány egyelőre nem tudja rendezni a magyar kisebbség helyzetét. A románok elutasító politikája így akadályt képezett bármilyen kisantant–magyar megegyezés útjában. A jugoszláv küldöttség már sokkal elfogadóbbnak bizonyult szeptember 21-én, míg szeptember 23-án Kamil Krofta csehszlovák külügyminiszter kijelentette, hogy ha a román fél miatt elakadnak a tárgyalások, akkor Csehszlovákia kész arra, hogy külön szerződésben egyezzen meg Magyarországgal. A bonyolult diplomáciai játékban így mindkét fél csapdába került, hiszen a magyar kormány a kisantant egységét akarta megbontani, ami sikerült is, ám csupán az az ország tett konkrét javaslatot, amellyel nem kívántak szerződést aláírni, így a tárgyalások 1937 őszén megakadtak, és majd csak 1938 tavaszán, az Anschluss után kezdődtek újra.

Igen komoly vita alakult ki nem csak a kisantant és Magyarország között, de a kisantant tagjai között is, akik hol Csehszlovákiával együtt, hol nélküle szerettek volna megegyezni. Végül sikerült megegyezésre jutni, és 1938. augusztus 29-én a felek aláírták a bledi egyezményt, amely biztosította Magyarország számára a fegyverkezési egyenjogúságot. Ezért cserébe a magyar vezetés lemondott az erőszakos határrevízióról.

Felbomlása
A kisantant utolsó konferenciája Bledben volt, ugyanis Hitler hatalmi törekvéseinek részeként 1938 szeptemberétől olyan nyomás nehezedett Csehszlovákiára, hogy az ország területi integritása végveszélybe került. Két kisantant szövetségese, Románia és Jugoszlávia a Neville Chamberlain nevével fémjelzett megbékélési politika álláspontjára helyezkedett, és abban látták a konfliktus megoldását, ha Csehszlovákia területi engedményeket tesz Németország és Magyarország irányába. Így állhatott elő az a paradox helyzet, hogy a jugoszláv külügyminiszter Milan Stojadinović 1938. szeptember 29-én táviratot küldött Budapestre, amelyben támogatásáról biztosította a magyarokat a Csehszlovákiával szembeni területei követeléseikben. Időközben az ugyanezen napon megkötött müncheni egyezmény megpecsételte Csehszlovákia sorsát, amelyet a szövetségesei által cserben hagyott kormány október 1-jén el is fogadott. Beneš október 5-én emigrációba vonult, és október 7-én megalakult egy autonóm szlovák kormány, amely szövetségi állammá alakítottá át Csehszlovákiát, amit még az 1938. november 2.-án megszületett első bécsi döntés tovább csonkolt. Románia és Jugoszlávia azon az állásponton volt, hogy ez az állam nem azonos azzal, amely aláírta a kisantant alapszerződéseit, így az 1938. november 4-én tartott bukaresti konferenciára sem hívták meg a csehszlovák diplomatákat. Ezzel végérvényesen felbomlott a kisantant.

Megjegyzések

Jegyzetek

Források

További információk

Horthy-korszak
Nemzetközi kapcsolatok
Magyarellenesség
Csehszlovákia történelme
Románia történelme
Jugoszlávia történelme
Katonai szövetségek


5 Years/Unlimited miles from original in service date.
A CARFAX Vehicle History Report with a Buyback Guarantee.
We repair or replace any needed components, carefully checking the exterior and power train.
We even do a road test to ensure all components are functioning to their highest capacity.
#1 ranked Certified Pre-Owned program by IntelliChoice for the last nine out of ten years.


text:
Henley Literary Festival
Henley Literary Festival is established as one of the UK's biggest book festivals. The 2019 festival was our biggest yet with 170 events for adults and children. The line-up included former Prime Minister Theresa May, comedian Paul Merton, cookery legend Mary Berry, England's greatest batsman Sir Alastair Cook and best-selling authors Jojo Moyes and David Nicholls. Our stellar line-up extended to our fantastic programme for schools and children which included Michael Rosen, Onjali Q. Rauf, Chris Riddell, Konnie Huq and McFly's Dougie Poynter.
The Festival was launched in 2007 and previous speakers have included John Mortimer, Doreen Lawrence, John Major, Julia Donaldson, Richard E. Grant, Candace Bushnell, John Sentamu, Cressida Cowell and Graham Nash.
During the recent pandemic and lockdown, many children have sought comfort in an accessory: a 'Buddy'. Finding reassurance in this time of social distancing has been essential for them.Having worked on an international project called 'Resonators' where Scarlet photographed guitarists with their guitars, similarly she wanted to photograph children holding their number one love; their special, most loved comfort toy.
Warchild
Celebrities revealed for the first time the most important children in their lives, in one of the most personal and intimate of exhibitions. The project, by photographer Scarlet Page, and in association with the charity War Child, explores the deep bond that exists between child and carer.
Scarlet has become such a vital member of the Henley Literary Festival wider team. She met the brief perfectly, Scarlet is an absolute pleasure to work with.
Harriet Reed-Ryan
I would 100% recommend Scarlet on so many levels. If you want someone to capture YOU and the essence of YOU - deliver the most stunning results PLUS be the most epic human to be around for the whole experience - then you're in the right place!
katyhill.com
She always puts the artist at ease and remains calm whatever challenges might arise. Bands *love* her and that's probably why she gets so much great material from her sessions - they know they can trust her to deliver the goods and there's never any stress.
Paul Baines Marketing Limited
Follow Scarlet on
Contact Scarlet
WhO Is scarlet?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Atom's Spring - The Vault Fallout Wiki - Everything you need to know about Fallout 76, Fallout 4, New Vegas and more!
Atom's Spring is a landmark of Mount Desert Island.
This holy spring is used by the Children of Atom to test potential candidates. Grand Zealot Richter directs new recruits here to drink from the spring to begin their recruitment into the cult.
This spring is fairly simple; it fills from an underground spring into a dump site for barrels of toxic waste and has several blight mushrooms growing around it. The ambient radiation here peaks at 28 rads per second, while drinking from the spring provides 69 rads per second.
Atom's Spring appears only in the Fallout 4 add-on Far Harbor.
This page was last edited on 15 February 2017, at 14:50.


text:
Promotions Accessories Compare Vehicles Enquiry Form Maintenance Loan Calculator
Robust Titanium Optional
D-MAX 3.0L
From RM 104,000.00
D-MAX 1.9L AT
From RM 98,800.00
D-MAX 1.9L TYPE-B
D-MAX 1.9L LOW-RIDE
D-MAX SINGLE CAB
* Above prices are suggested or recommended retail on-the-road prices without Insurance.
Mr. Lim
Director of SOON WUAT TRADING
ISUZU customer since 2011
ISUZU, THE KING OF SAFETY FOR THE KING OF FRUITS
While Malaysians have a love affair with the King of Fruits, not many are aware how elaborate the process of cultivating and tending to durian plants is, let alone the challenges durian farmers face when harvesting these valuable fruit. Despite being a durian producer for over two decades, Mr Lim Shi Kiong remains passionate about developing excellent quality durians for his customers.
"Durian trees thrive on very rugged terrain that is well irrigated. If it is waterlogged, the quality of fruit is poor. The best fruit are grown on hill slopes but this poses a challenge when it comes time to harvest," says Lim.
To maximize the capability of his harvesting, Mr Lim depends on the Isuzu D-Max Single Cab. Not only does it offer him superior cargo space, it is also very agile and stable on the rugged and slippery slopes. "With the four-wheel drive system and good balance, the D-Max is a very safe and offers good traction, able to carry all the precious fruit down from the hills. I have tried other brands but none have been as effective and economical as the D-Max," he adds.
Driven by the faith Lim has in the Isuzu D-Max he uses in the orchard, he purchased a Double Cab to fuel his other passion - overland travels.
With this vehicle, Lim has been on a 21-day convoy from Malaysia to China earning praise and respect from fellow travellers. "The fuel efficiency was simply astonishing. While others required regular top-ups, we were able to go on much longer. The comfort and smooth ride over some of the rugged terrain was very welcome on such long journeys," he added.
WE UTILIZE THE ISUZU D-MAX FOR ALL OUR VEG-EXPRESS RESPONSIBILITIES IN PRODUCING GOOD FOODS AND ISUZU HAVE MADE IT ALL POSSIBLE FOR US
My grandparents came to Cameron Highlands since the 1950s and then my family started a farm. Farming is not easy, so it is very crucial for me to run this business smoothly.
With all the processes we need to go through, it is important for us to have a reliable and tough vehicle. Like the first Isuzu that my father bought, it is such a tough vehicle. Like the first Isuzu that my father bought, it is such a tough vehicle and even after 15 years of usage, we only need to change the machine once.
Taking about fuel efficiency, D-Max fuel consumption is considered the lowest in its class, so it helped in reducing the cost I have to spend. Besides, the maintenance is also lower than the four-wheel drive vehicle that I used before. It really give me a peace of mind.
Mr Leong
Director of Veg-Express Sdn Bhd
Haji. Mohd Nawi Bin Omar
Owner of HJN Enterprise
ISUZU LIGHTENS THE BURDEN OF HARD WORK
Being in the fish business for the most part of his life, Haji Nawi is no stranger to hard work. At only 15, Haji Nawi toiled away at a fish market every day, after school. With 5 years experience in the fish business, he decided it was time to cast the net wider by becoming an entrepreneur. He started by doing everything on his own; from driving and loading to selling fish.
As the business grew, so was the need for reliable transportation, especially for the long-distance drives to Kuantan and even Thailand. He said, "Choosing the right business partner is as important as choosing the right partner in a marriage." For this, Haji Nawi chose Isuzu trucks and Isuzu D-Max for his family businesses usage. "They are affordable, offer low maintenance and extremely tough, yet comfortable to drive." Haji Nawi added.
"Isuzu D-Max also shine at being an excellent family car. The ride and cabin comfort together with unmatched fuel-efficiency is ideal for long road trips that strengthen family ties," he said. Besides commercial usage, Haji Nawi and his family regularly participated in numerous road trips with their Isuzu D-Max to many places such as Langkawi, Thailand and recently they have just convoyed with Isuzu Kelantan for the Cameron Convoy event. Haji Nawi knows he could always rely on Isuzu's impeccable customer service, just as how he has relied on Isuzu as his trusted business partner for the past 30 years. He now owns 6 lorries and 4 units of the D-Max which all are the limited edition series.
No stranger to hard work? No problem with Isuzu.
ISUZU MAKES INROADS INTO SITE EXPLORATION
In construction, it is necessary to conduct a professional soil investigation before a site can be developed. As GEOSpec's projects are largely located in rural, unexplored terrains with no proper accessibility, it is important to have the right vehicle, to get the job done right.
This is why Isuzu is the preferred brand for Mr. David's company. With outstanding handling on harsh road conditions, impressive stability and durability, Isuzu makes inaccessible areas, more accessible. It's low fuel-consumption and high performance engine makes it ideal to transport heavy loads on a daily basis.
As with most businesses, it's always prudent to stick with proven methods. Isuzu has proven to be reliable for GEOSpec. According to Mr. David, the oldest performing truck of over 15 years, still functions like a well-oiled machine. It is no wonder that he added over 40 units of Isuzu vehicles to the company fleet.
For a tough vehicle, Isuzu is also unbelievably comfortable. Whenever he drives his work truck home, it becomes a family car with his young son always requesting for rides.
Mr. David is confident that Isuzu, as a reliable partner, will continue to help propel the business of GEOSpec further, even as it explores more and deeper areas for development.
Mr. David
Director of Geospec Sdn Bhd
WARRANTY VARIES TO MODELS
D-MAX MILESTONES
Visual and Specification show in this website may differ from actual model.
Isuzu Malaysia S/B reserve the right to change the technical specification and features without prior notice.
All optional accessories are subject to additional charges.
© 2020 ISUZU MALAYSIA SDN. BHD. [664946-H] · ALL RIGHTS RESERVED


text:
// Type definitions for Consul v0.23.0
// Project: https://github.com/silas/node-consul
// Definitions by: Ilya Mochalov <https://github.com/chrootsu>
//                 Vadym Vakhovskiy <https://github.com/vadim-v>
// Definitions: https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped

/// <reference types="node" />

import { IncomingMessage as HttpIncomingMessage } from "http";

declare namespace Consul {

    interface Thenable<T> {
        then<U>(onFulfilled?: (value: T) => U | Thenable<U>, onRejected?: (error: any) => U | Thenable<U>): Thenable<U>;
        then<U>(onFulfilled?: (value: T) => U | Thenable<U>, onRejected?: (error: any) => void): Thenable<U>;
        catch<U>(onRejected?: (error: any) => U | Thenable<U>): Thenable<U>;
    }

    interface CommonOptions {
        consistent?: boolean | undefined;
        dc?: string | undefined;
        stale?: boolean | undefined;
        token?: string | undefined;
        wait?: string | undefined;
        wan?: boolean | undefined;

        ctx?: NodeJS.EventEmitter | undefined;
        timeout?: number | undefined;
    }

    interface Response extends HttpIncomingMessage {
        body?: Object | string | Buffer | undefined;
    }

    interface Callback<TData> {
        (err?: Error, data?: TData, res?: Response): any;
    }

    namespace Acl {

        interface CreateOptions extends CommonOptions {
            name?: string | undefined;
            type?: string | undefined;
            rules?: string | undefined;
        }

        interface UpdateOptions extends CommonOptions {
            id: string;
            name?: string | undefined;
            type?: string | undefined;
            rules?: string | undefined;
        }

        interface DestroyOptions extends CommonOptions {
            id: string;
        }

        interface InfoOptions extends CommonOptions {
            id: string;
        }

        interface GetOptions extends InfoOptions { }

        interface CloneOptions extends CommonOptions {
            id: string;
        }

        interface ListOptions extends CommonOptions { }
    }

    interface Acl {
        consul: Consul;

        /**
         * Creates a new token with policy
         */
        create: {
            <TData>(opts: Acl.CreateOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts?: Acl.CreateOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Update the policy of a token
         */
        update: {
            <TData>(opts: Acl.UpdateOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Acl.UpdateOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        }

        /**
         * Destroys a given token
         */
        destroy: {
            <TData>(id: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Acl.DestroyOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(id: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts: Acl.DestroyOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Queries the policy of a given token
         */
        info: {
            <TData>(id: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Acl.InfoOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(id: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts: Acl.InfoOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };
        get: {
            <TData>(id: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Acl.GetOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(id: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts: Acl.GetOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Creates a new token by cloning an existing token
         */
        clone: {
            <TData>(id: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Acl.CloneOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(id: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts: Acl.CloneOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Lists all the active tokens
         */
        list: {
            <TData>(opts: Acl.ListOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts?: Acl.ListOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };
    }

    interface AclStatic {
        new (consul: Consul): Acl;
    }

    namespace Agent {

        namespace Check {

            interface ListOptions extends CommonOptions { }

            interface RegisterOptions extends CommonOptions {
                name: string;
                id?: string | undefined;
                serviceid?: string | undefined;
                http?: string | undefined;
                script?: string | undefined;
                interval?: string | undefined;
                ttl?: string | undefined;
                notes?: string | undefined;
                status?: string | undefined;
            }

            interface DeregisterOptions extends CommonOptions {
                id: string;
            }

            interface PassOptions extends CommonOptions {
                id: string;
                note?: string | undefined;
            }

            interface WarnOptions extends CommonOptions {
                id: string;
                note?: string | undefined;
            }

            interface FailOptions extends CommonOptions {
                id: string;
                note?: string | undefined;
            }
        }

        interface Check {
            consul: Consul;

            /**
             * Returns the checks the local agent is managing
             */
            list: {
                <TData>(opts: Check.ListOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(opts?: Check.ListOptions): Thenable<TData>;
            };

            /**
             * Registers a new local check
             */
            register: {
                <TData>(opts: Check.RegisterOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(opts: Check.RegisterOptions): Thenable<TData>;
            };

            /**
             * Deregister a local check
             */
            deregister: {
                <TData>(id: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(opts: Check.DeregisterOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(id: string): Thenable<TData>;
                <TData>(opts: Check.DeregisterOptions): Thenable<TData>;
            };

            /**
             * Mark a local test as passing
             */
            pass: {
                <TData>(id: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(opts: Check.PassOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(id: string): Thenable<TData>;
                <TData>(opts: Check.PassOptions): Thenable<TData>;
            };

            /**
             * Mark a local test as warning
             */
            warn: {
                <TData>(id: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(opts: Check.WarnOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(id: string): Thenable<TData>;
                <TData>(opts: Check.WarnOptions): Thenable<TData>;
            };

            /**
             * Mark a local test as critical
             */
            fail: {
                <TData>(id: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(opts: Check.FailOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(id: string): Thenable<TData>;
                <TData>(opts: Check.FailOptions): Thenable<TData>;
            };
        }

        interface CheckStatic {
            new (consul: Consul): Check;
        }

        namespace Service {

            interface RegisterCheck {
                http?: string | undefined;
                script?: string | undefined;
                interval?: string | undefined;
                ttl?: string | undefined;
                notes?: string | undefined;
                status?: string | undefined;
            }

            interface ListOptions extends CommonOptions { }

            interface RegisterOptions extends CommonOptions {
                name: string;
                id?: string | undefined;
                tags?: string[] | undefined;
                address?: string | undefined;
                port?: number | undefined;
                check?: RegisterCheck | undefined;
                checks?: RegisterCheck[] | undefined;
            }

            interface DeregisterOptions extends CommonOptions {
                id: string;
            }

            interface MaintenanceOptions extends CommonOptions {
                id: string;
                enable: boolean;
                reason?: string | undefined;
            }
        }

        interface Service {
            consul: Consul;

            /**
             * Returns the services local agent is managing
             */
            list: {
                <TData>(opts: Service.ListOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(opts?: Service.ListOptions): Thenable<TData>;
            };

            /**
             * Registers a new local service
             */
            register: {
                <TData>(name: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(opts: Service.RegisterOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(name: string): Thenable<TData>;
                <TData>(opts: Service.RegisterOptions): Thenable<TData>;
            };

            /**
             * Deregister a local service
             */
            deregister: {
                <TData>(id: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(opts: Service.DeregisterOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(id: string): Thenable<TData>;
                <TData>(opts: Service.DeregisterOptions): Thenable<TData>;
            };

            /**
             * Manages node maintenance mode
             */
            maintenance: {
                <TData>(opts: Service.MaintenanceOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(opts: Service.MaintenanceOptions): Thenable<TData>;
            };
        }

        interface ServiceStatic {
            new (consul: Consul): Service;
        }

        interface ChecksOptions extends Check.ListOptions { }

        interface ServicesOptions extends Service.ListOptions { }

        interface MembersOptions extends CommonOptions {
            wan?: boolean | undefined;
        }

        interface SelfOptions extends CommonOptions { }

        interface MaintenanceOptions extends CommonOptions {
            enable: boolean;
            reason?: string | undefined;
        }

        interface JoinOptions extends CommonOptions {
            address: string;
            wan?: boolean | undefined;
        }

        interface ForceLeaveOptions extends CommonOptions {
            node: string;
        }
    }

    interface Agent {
        consul: Consul;
        check: Agent.Check;
        service: Agent.Service;

        /**
         * Returns the checks the local agent is managing
         */
        checks: {
            <TData>(opts: Agent.ChecksOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts?: Agent.ChecksOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Returns the services local agent is managing
         */
        services: {
            <TData>(opts: Agent.ServicesOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts?: Agent.ServicesOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Returns the members as seen by the local consul agent
         */
        members: {
            <TData>(opts: Agent.MembersOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts?: Agent.MembersOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Returns the local node configuration
         */
        self: {
            <TData>(opts: Agent.SelfOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts?: Agent.SelfOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Manages node maintenance mode
         */
        maintenance: {
            <TData>(enable: boolean, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Agent.MaintenanceOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(enable: boolean): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts: Agent.MaintenanceOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Trigger local agent to join a node
         */
        join: {
            <TData>(address: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Agent.JoinOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(address: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts: Agent.JoinOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Force remove node
         */
        forceLeave: {
            <TData>(node: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Agent.ForceLeaveOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(node: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts: Agent.ForceLeaveOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };
    }

    interface AgentStatic {
        new (consul: Consul): Agent;

        Check: Agent.CheckStatic;
        Service: Agent.ServiceStatic;
    }

    namespace Catalog {

        namespace Node {

            interface ListOptions extends CommonOptions {
                dc?: string | undefined;
            }

            interface ServicesOptions extends CommonOptions {
                node: string;
            }
        }

        interface Node {
            consul: Consul;

            /**
             * Lists nodes in a given DC
             */
            list: {
                <TData>(dc: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(opts: Node.ListOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(dc?: string): Thenable<TData>;
                <TData>(opts?: Node.ListOptions): Thenable<TData>;
            };

            /**
             * Lists the services provided by a node
             */
            services: {
                <TData>(node: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(opts: Node.ServicesOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(node: string): Thenable<TData>;
                <TData>(opts: Node.ServicesOptions): Thenable<TData>;
            };
        }

        interface NodeStatic {
            new (consul: Consul): Node;
        }

        namespace Service {

            interface ListOptions extends CommonOptions {
                dc?: string | undefined;
            }

            interface NodesOptions extends CommonOptions {
                service: string;
                dc?: string | undefined;
                tag?: string | undefined;
            }
        }

        interface Service {
            consul: Consul;

            /**
             * Lists services in a given DC
             */
            list: {
                <TData>(dc: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(opts: Service.ListOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(dc?: string): Thenable<TData>;
                <TData>(opts?: Service.ListOptions): Thenable<TData>;
            };

            /**
             * Lists the nodes in a given service
             */
            nodes: {
                <TData>(service: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(opts: Service.NodesOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
                <TData>(service: string): Thenable<TData>;
                <TData>(opts: Service.NodesOptions): Thenable<TData>;
            };
        }

        interface ServiceStatic {
            new (consul: Consul): Service;
        }

        interface DatacentersOptions extends CommonOptions { }

        interface NodesOptions extends Node.ListOptions { }

        interface ServicesOptions extends Service.ListOptions { }
    }

    interface Catalog {
        consul: Consul;
        node: Catalog.Node;
        service: Catalog.Service;

        /**
         * Lists known datacenters
         */
        datacenters: {
            <TData>(opts: Catalog.DatacentersOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts?: Catalog.DatacentersOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Lists nodes in a given DC
         */
        nodes: {
            <TData>(dc: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Catalog.NodesOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(dc?: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts?: Catalog.NodesOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Lists services in a given DC
         */
        services: {
            <TData>(dc: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Catalog.ServicesOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(dc?: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts?: Catalog.ServicesOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };
    }

    interface CatalogStatic {
        new (consul: Consul): Catalog;

        Node: Catalog.NodeStatic;
        Service: Catalog.ServiceStatic;
    }

    namespace Event {

        interface FireOptions extends CommonOptions {
            name: string;
            payload: string | Buffer;
            node?: string | undefined;
            service?: string | undefined;
            tag?: string | undefined;
        }

        interface ListOptions extends CommonOptions {
            name?: string | undefined;
        }
    }

    interface Event {
        consul: Consul;

        /**
         * Fires a new user event
         */
        fire: {
            <TData>(name: string, payload: string | Buffer, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(name: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Event.FireOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(name: string, payload: string | Buffer): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(name: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts: Event.FireOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Lists the most recent events an agent has seen
         */
        list: {
            <TData>(name: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Event.ListOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(name?: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts?: Event.ListOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };
    }

    interface EventStatic {
        new (consul: Consul): Event;
    }

    namespace Health {

        interface NodeOptions extends CommonOptions {
            node: string;
            dc?: string | undefined;
        }

        interface ChecksOptions extends CommonOptions {
            service: string;
            dc?: string | undefined;
        }

        interface ServiceOptions extends CommonOptions {
            service: string;
            dc?: string | undefined;
            tag?: string | undefined;
            passing?: boolean | undefined;
            near?: string | undefined;
        }

        interface StateOptions extends CommonOptions {
            state: string;
            dc?: string | undefined;
        }
    }

    interface Health {
        consul: Consul;

        /**
         * Returns the health info of a node
         */
        node: {
            <TData>(node: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Health.NodeOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(node: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts: Health.NodeOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Returns the checks of a service
         */
        checks: {
            <TData>(service: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Health.ChecksOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(service: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts: Health.ChecksOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Returns the nodes and health info of a service
         */
        service: {
            <TData>(service: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Health.ServiceOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(service: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts: Health.ServiceOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Returns the checks in a given state
         */
        state: {
            <TData>(state: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Health.StateOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(state: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts: Health.StateOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };
    }

    interface HealthStatic {
        new (consul: Consul): Health;
    }

    namespace Kv {

        interface GetOptions extends CommonOptions {
            key: string;
            dc?: string | undefined;
            recurse?: boolean | undefined;
            index?: string | undefined;
            wait?: string | undefined;
            raw?: boolean | undefined;
            buffer?: boolean | undefined;
        }

        interface KeysOptions extends CommonOptions {
            key: string;
            dc?: string | undefined;
            separator?: string | undefined;
        }

        interface SetOptions extends CommonOptions {
            key: string;
            value: string | Buffer;
            dc?: string | undefined;
            flags?: number | undefined;
            cas?: string | undefined;
            acquire?: string | undefined;
            release?: string | undefined;
        }

        interface DelOptions extends CommonOptions {
            key: string;
            dc?: string | undefined;
            recurse?: boolean | undefined;
            cas?: string | undefined;
        }

        interface DeleteOptions extends DelOptions { }
    }

    interface Kv {
        consul: Consul;

        /**
         * Get
         */
        get: {
            <TData>(key: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Kv.GetOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(key: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts: Kv.GetOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Keys
         */
        keys: {
            <TData>(key: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Kv.KeysOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(key?: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts?: Kv.KeysOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Set
         */
        set: {
            <TData>(key: string, value: string | Buffer, opts: Kv.SetOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(key: string, value: string | Buffer, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Kv.SetOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(key: string, value: string | Buffer, opts: Kv.SetOptions): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(key: string, value: string | Buffer): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts: Kv.SetOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Delete
         */
        del: {
            <TData>(key: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Kv.DelOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(key: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts: Kv.DelOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };
        delete: {
            <TData>(key: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Kv.DeleteOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(key: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts: Kv.DeleteOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };
    }

    interface KvStatic {
        new (consul: Consul): Kv;
    }

    namespace Lock {

        interface Options {
            key: string;
            session?: Object | string | undefined;
            value?: string | Buffer | undefined;
            lockwaittime?: string | undefined;
            lockretrytime?: string | undefined;
        }
    }

    interface Lock extends NodeJS.EventEmitter {
        consul: Consul;

        /**
         * Acquire lock
         */
        acquire(): void;

        /**
         * Release lock
         */
        release(): void;
    }

    interface LockStatic {
        new (consul: Consul, opts: Lock.Options): Lock;
    }

    namespace Session {

        interface CreateOptions extends CommonOptions {
            dc?: string | undefined;
            lockdelay?: string | undefined;
            name?: string | undefined;
            node?: string | undefined;
            checks?: string[] | undefined;
            behavior?: string | undefined;
            ttl?: string | undefined;
        }

        interface DestroyOptions extends CommonOptions {
            id: string;
            dc?: string | undefined;
        }

        interface InfoOptions extends CommonOptions {
            id: string;
            dc?: string | undefined;
        }

        interface GetOptions extends InfoOptions { }

        interface NodeOptions extends CommonOptions {
            node: string;
            dc?: string | undefined;
        }

        interface ListOptions extends CommonOptions {
            dc?: string | undefined;
        }

        interface RenewOptions extends CommonOptions {
            id: string;
            dc?: string | undefined;
        }
    }

    interface Session {
        consul: Consul;

        /**
         * Creates a new session
         */
        create: {
            <TData>(opts: Session.CreateOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts?: Session.CreateOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Destroys a given session
         */
        destroy: {
            <TData>(id: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Session.DestroyOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(id: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts: Session.DestroyOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Queries a given session
         */
        info: {
            <TData>(id: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Session.InfoOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(id: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts: Session.InfoOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };
        get: {
            <TData>(id: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Session.GetOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(id: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts: Session.GetOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Lists sessions belonging to a node
         */
        node: {
            <TData>(node: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Session.NodeOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(node: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts: Session.NodeOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Lists all the active sessions
         */
        list: {
            <TData>(opts: Session.ListOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts?: Session.ListOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Renews a TTL-based session
         */
        renew: {
            <TData>(id: string, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts: Session.RenewOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(id: string): Thenable<TData>;
            <TData>(opts: Session.RenewOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };
    }

    interface SessionStatic {
        new (consul: Consul): Session;
    }

    namespace Status {

        interface LeaderOptions extends CommonOptions { }

        interface PeersOptions extends CommonOptions { }
    }

    interface Status {
        consul: Consul;

        /**
         * Returns the current Raft leader.
         */
        leader: {
            <TData>(opts: Status.LeaderOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts?: Status.LeaderOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };

        /**
         * Returns the current Raft peer set
         */
        peers: {
            <TData>(opts: Status.PeersOptions, callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(callback: Callback<TData>): void;
            <TData>(opts?: Status.PeersOptions): Thenable<TData>;
        };
    }

    interface StatusStatic {
        new (consul: Consul): Status;
    }

    namespace Watch {

        interface WatchOptions {
            key?: string | undefined;
        }

        interface Options {
            method: Function;
            options?: CommonOptions & WatchOptions | undefined;
            backoffFactor?: number | undefined;
            backoffMax?: number | undefined;
            maxAttempts?: number | undefined;
        }
    }

    interface Watch extends NodeJS.EventEmitter {
        consul: Consul;

        /**
         * Is running
         */
        isRunning(): boolean;

        /**
         * Update time
         */
        updateTime(): number;

        /**
         * End watch
         */
        end(): void;
    }

    interface WatchStatic {
        new (consul: Consul, opts: Watch.Options): Watch;
    }

    interface ConsulOptions {
        host?: string | undefined;
        port?: string | undefined;
        secure?: boolean | undefined;
        ca?: string[] | undefined;
        defaults?: CommonOptions | undefined;
        promisify?: boolean | Function | undefined;
    }

    interface Consul {
        acl: Acl;
        agent: Agent;
        catalog: Catalog;
        event: Event;
        health: Health;
        kv: Kv;
        session: Session;
        status: Status;

        /**
         * Lock helper.
         */
        lock(opts: Lock.Options): Lock;

        /**
         * Watch helper.
         */
        watch(opts: Watch.Options): Watch;
    }

    interface ConsulStatic {
        (opts?: ConsulOptions): Consul;
        new (opts?: ConsulOptions): Consul;

        Acl: AclStatic;
        Agent: AgentStatic;
        Catalog: CatalogStatic;
        Event: EventStatic;
        Health: HealthStatic;
        Kv: KvStatic;
        Lock: LockStatic;
        Session: SessionStatic;
        Status: StatusStatic;
        Watch: WatchStatic;
    }
}

declare let Consul: Consul.ConsulStatic;

export = Consul;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Deraya Air Taxi is an airline based in Jakarta, Indonesia. It operates commuter, charter, medical evacuation, and aerial photography services, as well as a flying school. Its main base is Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport, Jakarta, with a hub at Husein Sastranegara International Airport, Bandung. Deraya Air Taxi is listed in category 2 by Indonesian Civil Aviation Authority for airline safety quality.

History

The airline was established in March 1967 and started operations in 1967. It is wholly owned by the Boedihardjo Group. In January 2005 Deraya Air Taxi had its first Shorts 360 aircraft delivered.

Destinations

Deraya Air Taxi operates the following services (at 2006):

Java
Bandung – Husein Sastranegara International Airport Hub
Jakarta – Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport Main Base
Semarang – Achmad Yani International Airport
Kalimantan
Palangkaraya – Tjilik Riwut Airport
Pangkalanbun – Iskandar Airport
Papua and Maluku
Ambon – Pattimura Airport
Babo – Babo Airport
Bula, Papua – Bula Airport
Kaimana – Kaimana Airport
Sorong – Sorong Airport
Sumatra
Batam – Hang Nadim Airport
Lubuklinggau – Lubuklinggau Airport
Matak – Matak Airport
Palembang – Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Airport
Pangkal Pinang – Pangkal Pinang Airport
 - Seletar Airport

Fleet

Current
The Deraya Air Taxi fleet includes the following aircraft (as of November 2021):
1 Boeing 737-300

Former

2 British Aerospace ATPF
2 Indonesian Aerospace 212-100
2 Shorts 330-100
2 Shorts 360-300

Accidents and Incidents
 On November 1982, Indonesian Aerospace 212-100 PK-DCR of Deraya Air Taxi and PT Pupuk Kaltim was damaged when it approaching Bontang. No fatalities in this accident.

References

External links

Airlines of Indonesia
Airlines established in 1967
Indonesian companies established in 1967

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


There are times when we're unable to sleep. When it happens, we typically go about the usual methods of beating our insomnia by getting over-the-counter or prescription sleep aids, or going on the internet to look up ways to fall asleep.
However, you might be surprised to learn that there is a simpler solution to this problem than you would think: your food.
It's typical to joke about feeling sleepy after eating the turkey on Thanksgiving, but there is indeed truth to this joke.
There are foods that can help you sleep, just as there are foods that are likely to keep you awake. So if you can't sleep, think about what you're eating to see if that's where your problems – and solutions – lie.
Can Food Really Help You Sleep?
Just like there are foods that will keep you up,there are foods that help you sleep because of the chemical reactions they cause in the brain. Turkey is one such food because it is a known source of tryptophan.
Tryptophan is an amino acid that is used by your body to help produce serotonin and melatonin which help calm the brain down and, as a result, help you go to sleep.
Since tryptophan is an amino acid, this means we can't produce it naturally, and as a result we need to ingest it in order to help us create serotonin and melatonin.
In other words, certain foods are necessary to help us cool down.
When you eat foods containing tryptophan, it is best to eat it with foods rich in carbohydrates. Carbs help the body release insulin, causing your body to absorb amino acids like tryptophan and release them into your bloodstream, helping you go to sleep.
Compare this to protein-rich foods, which contain tyrosine, another amino acid. However, unlike tryptophan, tyrosine promotes alertness and increased mental activity.
Because of this, it is important to monitor your intake of foods loaded with protein if you want to increase you chances of being able to sleep.
Speaking of combining different foods for sleep, it's important to craft food combos that help you function through the day.
For example: while you pair tryptophan with carbs at night to help you go to sleep better, you can also pair carbs with proteins in order to increase your alertness during the day.
When it comes to helping you sleep, one good idea is to add calcium to your evening meal through milk. This is because calcium helps the brain convert tryptophan to melatonin. This is where the idea of having a warm glass of milk before bed comes from.
When searching for foods rich in tryptophan besides turkey, you need not worry – the list is plentiful. Milk, cheese, fruits, nuts, vegetables, legumes, seeds, and grains, as well as foods like eggs, tofu, and salmon, are all great sources of this particular amino acid.
This would mean that excellent ideas for late-night snacks would include bowls of whole-grain cereal, or fruits like apples or bananas and a glass of milk.
There's a multitude of combinations you could create for effective evening meals. Dishes like chili, or steak and vegetables, or Chicken Alfredo are all great ideas. However, it's important not to overeat, as it could cause your digestive system to keep working while you're trying to sleep.
As stated before, foods such as those with a high protein content should be avoided before bedtime because they contain tyrosine, which increases mental activity.
These aren't the only foods to avoid, as there are a wide variety of other foods that can prevent you from going to sleep. Perhaps the most obvious examples are foods with caffeine in them.
Caffeine is a stimulant that increases adrenaline and inhibits the necessary chemical processes in the brain – this is why people ingest it through coffee to wake them up in the morning.
However, it's not just coffee that contains caffeine – it's also found in tea, chocolate, soft drinks, and even certain drugs.
The list of foods that won't help when trying to sleep doesn't just end there, however. Among the other foods to avoid are alcohol, fatty foods, spicy foods, grapefruit. Alcohol may help you doze off initially, but it actually affects later stages of sleep due to its effects on the brain.
Fatty foods mess with the production of orexin, a brain chemical that regulates both hunger and your internal clock.
Spicy foods not only induce heartburn but also alter your body temperature, confusing the brain as it signals certain changes to help sleep. Lastly, grapefruit – as well as other citrus fruits – cause acid reflux and can keep you from sleeping.
Almonds are considered a healthy snack anytime of the day. What you may not know is that they also contain melatonin. Experts say that melatonin has a relaxing effect on the body helping you fall asleep.
Bananas have potassium which has been known to help with lowering blood pressure. Bananas also contain magnesium and tryptophan, which helps your body relax, allowing you to sleep.
Grapes are good for more than making wine. Grapes are one of the only fruits that have melatonin, which helps you relax. A regular diet of grapes will help you fall asleep faster.
Herbal Tea have been used by people all over the world as a natural sleep aid. Unlike natural teas, which comes from black tea, herbal teas come from the processing and boiling of various herbs and spices. So the next time you can't sleep, try a cup of chamomile, passion flower or lemon balm herbal tea.
Honey… Yes, honey! Honey is a food substance made by bees as part of the plant pollination process. This sweet golden liquid increases serotonin in the body. Serotonin helps you to naturally de-stress and relax, allowing you to sleep better.
Milk has been rumored to help us sleep better. This is because milk contains calcium, melatonin as well as tryptophan. These all have a relaxing effect on the body and brain. So the next time you feel the urge for a snack during bedtime, why not have a glass of warm milk.
Oats are a natural source of melatonin. Melatonin helps to put the body at ease. Oatmeal, especially with warm milk added, will help you begin to sleep better at night.
One way that helps greatly when dealing with dietary troubles is keeping a food journal.
When you're in the process of trying to figure out what foods to eat and when, a journal is handy for keeping track of what foods affect your slumber the most.
With your journal, you can pick the foods that tend to prevent you from sleeping to an earlier time in the day.
Likewise foods that help you sleep through the night should be eaten later in the evening before going to bed. With the help of a food journal, you can plan out your dietary needs to ensure that you get the best results.
Food is actually one of the major factors in whether or not we are able to sleep. We often take what we eat for granted, unaware of how much they impact our bodies on a chemical level.
Hopefully, with this knowledge, you can be better prepared to have a good night's sleep. So don't waste money on certain drugs, and don't worry about undergoing intensive mental conditioning. If you are mindful of what you eat, you will be sleeping like a baby in no time.
Lose Weight In Your Sleep?
You can lose weight while you're sleeping with this!


text:
Greenpeace and A-list celebrities call for Arctic 'sanctuary'
Sir Paul McCartney and Penelope Cruz among those demanding a halt to oil drilling and unsustainable fishing in the Arctic
A Greenpeace activist poses in a polar bear suit during a protest in Red Square, Moscow, as part of the Save the Arctic launch. Photograph: Denis Sinyakov/Reuters
Jonathan Watts in Rio de Janeiro and Terry Macalister
Thu 21 Jun 2012 09.19 EDT
Robert Redford, Sir Paul McCartney, Penelope Cruz and an A-list of global celebrities joined forces with Greenpeace and business leaders on Thursday to call for a global sanctuary in the Arctic.
The stars, who also include Jude Law, Pedro Almodovar, Thom Yorke, and One Direction, are among the first hundred names on "the Arctic Scroll" that will be planted on the seabed at the North Pole as part of a major new drive to halt oil drilling and unsustainable fishing in the region.
The campaign was launched by entrepreneur Richard Branson, actress Lucy Lawless and the Greenpeace International executive director Kumi Naidoo at the Rio+20 Earth summit, where government-level efforts to establish a protected area around the pole were killed by the three countries pushing hardest to develop the region: the US, Canada and Russia.
"The Arctic is coming under assault and needs people from around the world to stand up and demand action to protect it," said Naidoo. "A ban on offshore oil drilling and unsustainable fishing would be a huge victory against the forces ranged against this precious region and the 4 million people who live there. And a sanctuary in the uninhabited area around the pole would in a stroke stop the polluters colonising the top of the world without infringing on the rights of indigenous communities."
A vast area of the waters around the Arctic are considered international "high seas", but the land and the ocean floor are coming under increasing pressure from governments and mining companies as the ice melts due to global warming and rising oil prices make extraction in this remote area more economical.
In 2007, a Russian submarine planted a flag on the sea floor, one of several efforts by nations in the region to try to extend their territorial claims into this resource-rich area. The land and sea north of the Arctic Circle is believed to account for 22% of the remaining oil and gas reserves in the world, according to a recent study by the US Geological Survey.
The US and Norway, who are at the forefront of exploring and developing their Arctic oil and gas resources, are trying to develop a joint strategy to justify their activities in the light of a mounting green campaign against them.
Ola Borten Moe, the Norwegian minister of petroleum and energy has invited colleagues and oil executives from what he calls the "high north" to a special conference in Trondheim next Tuesday.
Ken Salazar, the US secretary of the interior, and Ryan Lance, chief executive of American oil group ConocoPhillips, are among those expected to attend. John Duncan, the Canadian minister of Aboriginal affairs and northern development, and Helge Lund, the boss of Statoil, will also be there.
The Norwegian foreign ministry said the topic of the conference is "prudent resource management as part of a sustainable development in the Arctic". The Norwegians are keen to stress that petroleum activities have been carried out in the Arctic for several decades and at this conference the industry and the authorities will share their experiences and future plans.
An unprecedented amount of seismic mapping by companies such as Shell and Maersk Oil of Denmark will be undertaken off the coast of Greenland. Russian oil giant Gazprom is pushing into the offshore Arctic, and in the coming weeks Shell is expected to start drilling exploratory wells at two offshore sites in the Alaskan Arctic.
In an earlier effort to halt the drilling, Lawless scaled Shell's Arctic drilling rig in February and occupied it for 72 hours in New Zealand. She will be sentenced in September.
The new effort to mobilise the global public focuses on pushing for a UN resolution demanding a global sanctuary around the pole and a ban on oil drilling and unsustainable fishing in the wider Arctic.
Organisers hope that the star-studded initiators of the campaign – who include nine Oscar winners, ten Golden Globe winners and five Grammy Award winners – will help to attract a million other supporters from the wider public via an online petition.
Timed to coincide with the longest day on 21 June, when the Arctic is bathed in 24 hours of sunlight, the campaign will be launched worldwide with "polar bears" appearing in many capital cities.
The conservationists' "Flag for the Future" will be designed by children in a global competition organised by the Girl Guide movement.
Once a million people sign the Arctic Scroll, it will be taken to the north pole and planted on the sea floor.
Sir Paul McCartney has endorsed the campaign as a means to protect one of the world's last pristine natural environments and to fight climate change.
"It seems madness that we are willing to go to the ends of the Earth to find the last drops of oil when our best scientific minds are telling us we need to get off fossil fuels to give our children a future. At some time, in some place, we need to take a stand. I believe that time is now and that place is the Arctic," he said.
Indigenous groups have also given their backing. Rodion Sulyandziga, from the Udege people and first vice president of the Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North, said the Arctic drilling was a threat: "A large-scale oil exploration 'development' can irreversibly destroy the virgin purity of the Arctic region, putting at stake the physical existence and survival of indigenous peoples who, without their traditional living patterns, without their eternal habitat, will have no future."


Best dating apps delhi. Be as social as you can.
Its algorithm, which can also be inarguably called its unique selling proposition, is that the app has the ability to connect you with a person in less than a minute. In order to become a member of these groups, you need to go through a rigorous screening process, which includes a background check and interview. You can add descriptive hashtags to describe who you are and add an audio introduction and questions that other users can ask to get to know you better, even without a mutual match. The main idea is that your friends will be friends with people who more or less have the same personality as you. Aisle is definitely not for everybody and the company prides itself on its exclusivity. So, in the end, it could be worth shelling out the cash. You can then send a secret like to these other profiles and you will connect with them if they like you back as well. Follow more stories on Facebook and Twitter First Published: Aisle requires a Facebook or LinkedIn profile to log in. Woo Woo is another Indian dating that goes far beyond the simple criteria of age and distance. Or wherever it is that you tend to spend time outside your house. This gives you unlimited right swipes, one free Boost every month, the ability to see others users that have been active recently, and five extra Super Likes a month. So while binging on Netflix in your cosy pyjamas on a Friday night sounds tempting, if you want to find that special someone, you need to get out and socialise more often.
OkCupid The idea behind OkCupid is to give you more refined dates based on your interests and passions. Or wherever it is that you tend to spend time outside your house.
Travel, food, photography, fitness, films, book clubs — name an interest and Delhi will offer a number of active groups that you can join. Get Aisle now Happn While most dating apps use your location as a key criterion, Happn happens to bring that concept closer to home, quite literally. You need a Facebook profile to get started, and once you have your profile set up with images and your preferences — distance, gender, and age range — you are ready to start swiping.
That being done, the power of kick-starting a conversation lies in the hands of the women! However, out of all those apps, choosing the right one for you can be a tough task.
If you go up to someone and start chatting them up, the person will most likely be alarmed and instantly keep their guard up. However, the Select service is pretty pricey, starting at Rs per week, and going up to Rs 1, for 4 weeks Rs per week , making it one of the more expensive options out there.
Thankfully, Grindr takes out the guessing part of the world of gay, bi, trans, and queer dating, allowing them to find like-minded people. As for membership fees, they can easily go up to Rs.


text:
is a Japanese martial art. Its name can be translated as "the Way of the soft fist" or "the soft boxing".

History
Jukenpo is thought to draw its origins from a combination of Jūjutsu, Aikinojutsu principles and the Chinese boxing arts. It was one of the fighting arts used by the horsemen to unseat their enemies and for close range combat.

As Jukempo became tactically less interesting, it moved to a ground fighting method.

Jukenpo today
Jukenpo is actually part of the Takeda Ryu Nakamura Ha Sobudo  and is considered a complement to the Aikido taught in this school. Jukenpo strikes are used to divert an opponent before a decisive action such as a sword cut, a throw or a joint break.

The combination of Aikido and Jukenpo is often named .

Technical aspects
Jukenpo uses strikes, throws, locks and chokes. As a descendant of the Chinese boxing, punches and kicks are fundamental in this art.

The basic punches are:
 Tate Ken Tate Uchi: "hammer" blow to the top of the fontanel.
 Tate Ken Yoko Uchi: "hammer" blow to the temple.
 Tate Ken Gyaku Yoko Uchi: cross "hammer" blow to the temple.
 Tate Ken Yoko Uchi: "hammer" blow to the ribs.
 Tate Ken Gyaku Yoko Uchi Chudan: cross hammer blow to the ribs.
 Tate Ken Jodan Tsuki: punch to the face with the hand in a vertical position.
 Tate Ken Chudan Tsuki: punch to the abdomen with the hand in a vertical position.
 Yoko Ken Jodan Tsuki: punch to the face with the hand in an horizontal position.
 Yoko Ken Chudan Tuski: punch to the abdomen with the hand in a horizontal position.
 Yoko Ken Yoko Uchi: punch to the temple, similar to an hook in boxing.
 Yoko Ken Age Uchi: punch to the chin, similar to an uppercut.
 Uraken Mukae Uchi: reverse punch to the nose.
 Uraken Age Uchi: reverse punch to the jaw.

The basic kicks are :
 Ate Geri Chudan: front kick to the abdomen.
 Harai Geri Gedan: low lateral kick to the knee.
 Harai Geri Chudan: lateral kick to the ribs.
 Ori Geri Gedan: pushing kick to the kneecap.
 Ori Geri Chudan: pushing kick to the abdomen.

There are several other strikes such as Higi Uchi (elbow strikes), Hiza Geri (knee kicks) that are not included in the basic techniques and considered as Koryu Waza.

Jukenpo relies on relaxed movements to increase speed and allow faster sequences. The tension exists only during the impact. This principle is opposite to the "one hit, one kill" philosophy of Karate.

Teaching methods
The Kihon Waza (basic techniques) are designed to acquire the basic principles of the techniques. The first approach is to repeat the hits and blocks alone. In order to improve the basics, the techniques are then practised with a partner. One of the partners is the attacker and the other one the defender. This training is scheduled and conventional.

After that, the training focuses on Kaeshi Waza to develop the Sen no Sen feelings. These exercises aim to hit the attacker exactly at the moment he takes the initiative.

At mid-level, Kumite Randori (free partner sparring) is practiced in the form of Ju Ippon Kumite (soft, one hit, free sparring) and Ju Kumite (soft free sparring). Shiai Kumite is another part of the teaching. Shiai Kumite is a way to train as close as possible of a real fight. The opponents wear at least hands, feet and teeth protectors to avoid injuries.

The highest and most advanced level of technique is Koryū Waza. Koryū Waza are ancient techniques, designed for maximal efficiency and damages with a minimal effort. They originate from battlefields.

References

Japanese martial arts


Have you ever bitten down only to realize that your filling wiggled? It can be a worrisome feeling. Is your mouth going to hurt? Did you swallow any of the filling? Changes are, if your filling just wiggled, then it is simply loose.
However, if the filling then pops out, make sure to retrieve it and save it for your dentist. They may want to see what it looks like so they can compare it to what is there, as that will tell them if there was any further decay under the filling.
Fillings were not meant to last 50-100 years. They simply cannot last that long with all of the pressure they are constantly under. So, due to the fact that they have a lifespan, they many times do become loose or fall out.
If you notice a loose filling, first, stop eating if you were, as eating with it loose may cause it to come out. Next, clean the area around the filling, ideally by brushing gently. From there, cover the filling with a bit of dental wax or a temporary filling material. Then, contact your dentist.
Your dentist is going to want to see you as soon as you two can work out an appointment time in most cases. They understand how much a missing filling can hurt, and want to try and avoid that on your behalf.
They will have you come in, examine the filling and tooth, and determine what the next step should be. In many cases, they will want to remove the old filling and put in a new one. This is usually the best option, as it securely reattaches the filling to the tooth, giving you peace of mind and normal functionality.


The role of Internet of Things (IoT) in impacting people, business, processes and operating models.
After email account setup in windows 10 Mail app if you are getting "Not synced yet" message. And on clicking the sync button it keeps saying "Still working on it...". Then it means apps are not allowed to access the Calender.
We'll send you epic weekly blogs, whitepapers and things to make your app startup thrive, all FREE!


text:
JABS donates office in Riverhead to The Butterfly Effect Project
By Kelly Zegers
The Butterfly Effect Project is now able to spread its wings even further in its mission to empower girls thanks to a donation from JABS fitness studio.
JABS owner Jill Schroeder donated office space at the back of her business's new Riverhead location to The Butterfly Effect Project after she was tagged in a Facebook post asking for help in finding a location for the growing nonprofit.
"To have a mentor or someone to look up to or someone to give that added strength in their lives, I think is just so important," she said of The Butterfly Effect Project.
Ms. Schroeder, who also has a fitness center in Cutchogue and was named Business Person of the Year by The Suffolk Times in 2012, said she's happy to help the group because its founder, Tijuana Fulford, created a program for preteens to build confidence.
Ms. Fulford, who was named the Riverhead News-Review's 2016 Person of the Year, praised Ms. Schroeder for her kindness and hopes to collaborate with her to teach her "butterflies" about exercise and healthy eating.
The new office will allow The Butterfly Effect Project to apply for grants and provide a space to meet with the girls and their parents.
"It brings more viability and awareness to the organization," Ms. Fulford said. The organization is also looking to expand into Southold Town, she added.
The office will also allow Ms. Fulford to have a "normal life," she jokingly said since her cellphone has been the organization's main phone number.
Given the current climate surrounding racism, Ms. Fulford added: "It's nice to see the synergy between so many different backgrounds coming together."
Siris Barrios, Riverside Rediscovered's community liaison, said it's exciting to see Ms. Fulford taking a volunteer-based group into a full-fledged operation. Riverside Rediscovered allowed The Butterfly Effect Project to use its meeting space and the two groups have worked on initiatives together.
This new step will help push the community and local officials to support The Butterfly Effect Project further, Ms. Barrios said.
"We're able to do all of this now because of the space and we're able to make a program into an actual organization," Ms. Fulford said. "The space definitely changes the playing field for us."
Photo: From left, JABS owner Jill Schroeder, Norm Gopen, Tijuana Fulford, Ebony Street, Siris Barrios and Angela Huneault outside The Butterfly Effect Project's new office Wednesday morning. (Credit: Kelly Zegers)
Kelly Zegers
Email Kelly Zegers Email Created with Sketch. Email Kelly Zegers
JABS
The Butterfly Effect Project
Peconic County Brewing inches closer to opening in downtown Riverhead
This story appears courtesy of our friends at The Southampton Press. Visit 27east.com for more great local news. When...
As COVID-19 cases persist, Riverhead hamlet declared a 'yellow zone'
Riverhead is among the first two hamlets in Suffolk County to be declared a yellow zone in New York...
Fall festival at Brendan House to benefit woman who suffered spinal cord injury in accident
The Brendan House in Riverhead will host a fall festival this Saturday to benefit its residents, including Dana Barrett...
10.04.2020	Environment
Suffolk County acquiring development rights, open space on North Fork
The Suffolk County Legislature's Environment, Parks and Agriculture committee unanimously recommended two conservation efforts in Riverhead Town at its...


text:
Health|February 15, 2019|
By Korin Miller
Related Condition Centers
Pregnancy After Miscarriage: Why I Can't Shake the Fear of Another Pregnancy Loss
The fear of another loss is so common.
Getty / Josh Eral
I'm eight months pregnant, and it can be a terrifying thing for me to speak openly about.
I find it therapeutic to write about it, oddly, but talking it about it casually with loved ones still isn't easy. I even have family members and friends whom I don't see regularly who still don't know, even though I'm due to give birth in just a few weeks.
The reason behind this is simple—at least to me: During my last pregnancy, I miscarried twin boys and it was devastating. The miscarriage happened with no warning at 14 weeks, a time when I thought the pregnancy was considered "safe." In reality, there is no such thing.
Before our loss, my husband and I had already told our sons that they would be having not one, but two little brothers, and we loved telling everyone about our news. We also started talking about childcare and learning about all the twin gear that's out there. Suddenly, none of that mattered anymore.
It took six long, agonizing months to get pregnant again, and I'm so incredibly grateful that this pregnancy has been going well. But I'm still scared to allow myself to believe it actually will work out. I know it's unreasonable, but I carry the fear that if I allow myself to think everything will be OK, something will definitely go wrong.
As a result, I've struggled with making plans for the new baby. It took me two weeks to psych myself up to ask my children's daycare to hold a slot for the new baby in the future, and I cried the whole way home, worried that I had somehow jinxed things.
Friends I see regularly in person (from whom I clearly can't hide the fact that I'm pregnant) have passed on hand-me-downs that sat for weeks untouched before I managed last week to bring myself to go through them. I only just recently filled out hospital paperwork and told work that I'm expecting. And when well-meaning friends wanted to throw me a baby shower, I asked if we could just have a regular brunch with no baby theme instead.
Doctor's visits are also scary. In my ob/gyn's office, I'm reminded that we learned our twin babies no longer had heartbeats during a routine ultrasound. Every time I have an appointment (which is now weekly), I have to take deep breaths to try to stay calm. I have trouble celebrating the positives in these appointments; instead, I find myself searching for little clues that aren't there, pressing for more information from my doctor that something may be off. Up until this baby started kicking regularly, I cried during every visit after getting confirmation that the pregnancy was still viable.
It's a very real emotion to fear that history will repeat itself.
I realize that thinking so negatively is unhelpful. I also acknowledge that not all people react with grief after a miscarriage, or react the way that I have if they get pregnant again—but many people do. The rational part of my brain knows that believing in and getting excited about this pregnancy won't somehow wish it gone. But I was and probably always will be scarred emotionally by the loss of those babies.
The fear associated with pregnancy after a miscarriage may differ from that of other traumatic events in that you can't avoid it if you want to carry another baby, Tamar Gur, M.D., Ph.D., a women's health expert and reproductive psychiatrist at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, tells SELF. When people have been in a serious car accident, for instance, they may want to avoid driving for a while or try to steer clear of the scene as much as possible—but that type of avoidance and distance is impossible with pregnancy, she points out. "You're performing the act of 'driving' at the scene of the accident on a constant basis," Dr. Gur says.
Pregnancy is a constant, often-triggering reminder of the loss that you experienced, Dr. Gur goes on. "That can be very stressful in the sense that it reminds you repeatedly and acutely of your loss," she says, adding that she hears worries about another pregnancy loss from patients who are pregnant after a miscarriage "more times than I don't."
Being pregnant again after a miscarriage can lead to a person feeling a range of emotional symptoms, including anxiety, preoccupying thoughts, and even post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or panic attacks, Jessica Zucker, Ph.D., a psychologist specializing in women's reproductive and maternal mental health and creator of the #IHadAMiscarriage campaign, tells SELF. It's also not uncommon for a person to search for symptoms that will give them a clue of another loss, like inspecting their toilet paper after they wipe to look for blood or analyzing any change in their pregnancy symptoms, she says.
The negative emotions someone feels may also come in waves. For some, they may peak around the time of the previous loss, but for others it may spike every time they have an appointment, Dr. Gur notes.
"Before miscarriage affects you personally, you don't really think it'll happen to you," Zucker says. "Once it does, it can become hard to trust that it won't happen again."
While you may have to learn to live with your fear on some level, there are a few things you can do to lessen it.
First, it's important to make sure that you've dealt with the loss appropriately, Catherine Birndorf, M.D., founder of the Motherhood Center in New York and an associate professor of psychiatry and obstetrics and gynecology at the New York-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Cornell Medical Center, tells SELF. "It's hard to push past something if you haven't dealt with it," she says. "You can't pretend it didn't happen, and have to acknowledge to yourself what the loss was like and how it affected your life."
Everyone handles a miscarriage differently. Some people may choose to mourn the loss, or possibly even commemorate it in some way. Some may find it helpful to lean on and open up about how they are feeling to trusted loved ones or perhaps someone who has been through it before. You also may benefit from professional therapy or counseling.
To handle fear in the moment, one tactic worth trying when your concerns start to take over is to mentally bring yourself to the present, Zucker suggests. That can mean doing something as simple as reciting a mantra to yourself, such as, "In this moment, I am pregnant. This much I know," or, "As far as I know, everything is going smoothly." Anxiety often manifests as "what if" questions, Zucker says, and this type of mantra can help ground you if you feel yourself start to go down a bad mental path.
Keep in mind, too, that if it triggers you and makes you feel anxious during your visits when you go to the same doctor whom you saw during your miscarriage, it's okay to look for a new one, Dr. Birndorf says. But overall, Dr. Gur recommends taking it one day at a time and feeling grateful for every day of your pregnancy. "Allow yourself to enjoy things like a positive ultrasound or big kicks," she says. "This isn't like a light switch flipping—this is a daily practice."
And, of course, if you feel like you can't handle the stress on your own or by talking through it with your support network, it's a good idea to seek out counseling. Your doctor or midwife should be able to recommend a good mental health counselor, Zucker says.
It may also be comforting to consider the fact that most people who have a miscarriage go on to have a healthy future pregnancy. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) specifically calls repeated pregnancy losses "rare." But, even though statistics say otherwise, it can still be hard to believe that things will be OK after you've lived through a pregnancy that ended, so numbers alone may not give you peace of mind, and that's OK.
And if you feel like you just can't feel at ease until your pregnancy is over, don't beat yourself up.
"Oftentimes I find that, until you are able to bring home a healthy baby, there is sort of a difficulty believing that it could happen," Dr. Gur says. "There's nothing wrong with that." While carrying fear through a new pregnancy after a miscarriage can make it tough to prepare for a baby the way you might have otherwise, it's not a known risk factor for postpartum depression or something that will interfere with your ability to bond with the baby once it arrives, she notes.
As for me, I'm still taking it one day at a time. I'm grateful to be pregnant and that everything has gone well so far. And, while I still haven't allowed myself to get excited for the day that this baby will be born, I hope with every fiber of my being that it's coming.
How 9 Women Commemorated Their Miscarriages
Not Every Miscarriage Results in Grief, and That's OK
Losing My Pregnancy Right Before the 2016 Election Taught Me That We Have No Choice But to Keep Going
miscarriage, Pregnancy, mental health, feature
HealthPeriod Clots: Here's When to See a Doctor About Period Clots
HealthEverything I Thought I Knew About Miscarriages Changed When I Had Two 'Silent' Ones
HealthWe Need to Talk About Syphilis Rates