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SON Alerts on Cancer-Causing Substance in School Uniforms from China
Suleiman IdrisAugust 31, 2018 5:43 pm 0
The Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON), has warned importers of school uniform materials into Nigeria about some cancer-causing substances found in some school uniform materials made by two China based companies.
A statement issued by the Director-General of SON, Mr Osita Aboloma on Friday in Abuja, named the companies producing the materials as Sing Shun Fat School-Clothier Company and Zenith Uniform Company.
Aboloma said that the azo dyes found in some school uniforms in Hong Kong contained up to 173 milligrams and 41 milligrams per kilogram of the tested samples respectively.
He added that the amounts of the dye contained in the materials were well above the maximum allowed in the standard.
"Use of the 4-amino azo dyes have been banned in Europe, Japan and other parts of the world prior to the finding.
"Azo dyes could release carcinogenic substances known as aromatic amines when they mix with sweat, which accounted for the ban on the use of the dye in many countries of the world."
The D-G advised importers of school uniform materials in Nigeria to endeavour to undergo the process of conformity assessment of such materials prior to import, through the SON off-shore Conformity Assessment Programme (SONCAP), to avoid bringing them to the country.
He further advised Nigerians to report any suspected uniform materials that may already be in the country to SON for necessary sampling, laboratory tests and analysis to be carried out at its Textile and Leather Laboratory in Kaduna for necessary regulatory action.
Aboloma added that all International Accredited Firms (IAFs) undertaking the off-shore Conformity Assessment Programme on behalf of SON all over the world have been put on alert regarding the cancer-causing substance in school uniform materials and other clothing materials to be imported into Nigeria.
The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN), reports that SON is the body in charge of standardisation of all products in Nigeria. (NAN)
TAGS Standards Organisation of Nigeria
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On your search for the missing moon, you will travel the world with your fellow Hunters, build up your tribe, and become a living legend for your deeds. Your choices each become part of the myth, joining your tribe's pantheon of heroes. How will you be remembered by your tribe in generations to come?
Moon Hunters is a 1-4 player action RPG with a rich, ancient world that's different every time you play. Build your mythology as you play, solo or with friends, every action and choice contributing to your legend.
An ancient, occult world: the gods and their creations yet walk among us, and our prayers do not always go unanswered, for better or for worse.
Local co-op like never before: playing alone is fully supported. But if you invite your friends, you won't just be bashing enemies, you'll be creating legends together.
Build your mythology: Your actions show if you are more of a Trickster or a Saviour or something else entirely. At the end of your journey worthy heroes become a constellation in the night sky, your deeds recounted for the ages.
Different worlds, persistent myths: Seeing one aspect of the mystery in its entirety only takes a couple of hours, but to truly understand what's happened, you'll need to play a few times. Meanwhile, each time you play, the constellation of your character's legend carries over, as part of your tribe's developing pantheon.
You could describe the game as "Legend of Zelda meets Castle Crashers", or maybe "King of Dragon Pass meets Gauntlet". We empower players to experiment with their personality through the reputation and tribe-management, while combat challenges punctuate the journey as chances to prove their skill.
We already have permission to create the game on Steam for PC and Mac, due to our previous success with Shattered Planet. A DRM-free version will be available on the Humble Store. We're hoping to release Moon Hunters in Summer 2015. If you want to be notified of Moon Hunters updates and development progress, sign up here!
If you're a little confused, you can also try out Dungeons of Fayte, by Brent Ellison and our designer Tanya Short, available for free download. It has the co-op action RPG and town-management components. We're taking the Dungeons of Fayte design as a base, adding mythology/reputation and a randomised world as icing on top, like a delicious RPG cake!
More stretch goals will be revealed as the campaign progresses!
Each "journey" takes only a couple of hours, allowing you to explore one small aspect of the story. Upon completing each journey, if you're worth remembering, your hero will be remembered as a constellation in the night sky, symbolising their contribution to the world's history.
Along your journey, your decisions show your personality and create your reputation. Donating blood to a dying stranger shows you are Selfless. Flirting shamelessly with everyone demonstrates you are Flirtatious. And so on -- we will support over 50 different personality traits in the final game, each of which has its own effect on the world around you.
In the real world, as in Moon Hunters, legends are rarely about merely defeating villains. More often, folktales are the story of the Clever hero that tricked the gods into giving humans fire. Of the Loyal hero that ventured into the underworld to save a loved one's soul. Of the Brave hero that declined a god's advances, and suffered for impertinence.
Your choices determine how you are remembered, and what you embody to those who hear your story in ages hence. The reason why you do something can be as important as the act itself.
The world of Moon Hunters is randomly generated every time you play, but there are certain key elements of the setting and lore that are constant.
For example, while the individual members and conflicts of the Dustfolk village will be different depending on your generated world, the Dustfolk will always be the tribe of the sands. Learning their general beliefs and customs will give you an advantage in negotiations.
The Dustfolk tribe keeps turkeys and camels when prosperous. The deserts are unforgiving, but the Seeker's Blood magic mastery helps the tribe find life-giving water.
The High Tribes live in wind-blown canyon country, looking down on the rest of creation from their high vantage point. The mountains are desolate but rich in minerals.
The Wolf Clan is the most secretive of all tribes, closely guarding their knowledge of Wild magic, so as not to lose the trust of the creatures they ally with.
Stretch goal unlocked! The Celestin are nomadic traders, following the rivers from source to mouth and back again in annual patterns. They are said to have over a thousand rituals to govern their decision-making, but most are invisible to outsiders.
Stretch goal unlocked! The Reefwalkers follow the Moon's tides and bring a wide variety of ingredients and goods to trade from their distant island homes.
Called the First People by some, the Silkhood are the only non-humans in the world of Moon Hunters. Although they welcome visitors, their customs and hierarchies are nearly incomprehensible at first.
All player character classes wield all of the elements, but start with an affinity. You can customise your character's name and colour palette from the start. As you play you'll discover new special attacks to choose between.
The Witch trains under the Dustfolk Seeker in the ways of Blood magic. Blood is the element of life and death. When the world was created, the blood of the Goddess flowed to form the rivers and oceans.
The Witch has a basic melee attack and a high-damage ranged attack, making her useful in just about any situation.
The Spellblade learns the art of Bronze magic from a High Tribes expert smith. Bronze magic allows the shaping of metals, following the rhythm and grace of war as technologies develop. When the world was created, the bones of the Goddess broke to form the mountains and metals.
In combat, the Spellblade is a fierce melee fighter and has the highest endurance.
The Occultist's connection to Shadow magic allows her to bend the fabric of space and time to suit her whim. Somewhere between math and poetry lies the truth of the human condition. When the world was created, the Goddess's hair draped over the world, darkening the night sky.
The Occultist is a long-range, quick fighter with the most control over enemy positioning and movement.
The Druid is the prodigal child of the Wolf Clan, who closely guard all secrets of Wild magic. Wild magic is the primal knowledge from before fairness and language, back to the laws of instinct. When the world was created, the Goddess told stories and from her words, all of its wild creatures sprang forth.
Druids are the most flexible fighters, sometimes even shape-shifting to meet the unique demands of each encounter.
Stretch goal unlocked! As an initiated priestess of the Moon, the Songweaver understands each of the elements, bringing together Wild harmonies, Blood rhythms, Dark dissonance, and Bronze strength. When the world was created, we invented music to remember and mourn.
The Songweaver is a complex support class. It is not technically impossible to play as her alone, but without a friend, you're in for a challenge.
As for non-player-characters, Teller Roa is the most widely-respected priestess of the Moon. It is she who decides whether your journey's tale is worth keeping for future generations, and what role you play in the legends of our time. Moon worship is a largely oral tradition, depending on the telling of stories to keep its ancient knowledge alive.
Meanwhile, self-appointed "King" Mardokh believes he has seen a greater Truth than the Moon has to offer, and his fine writings have caused chaos in nearby territories.
The music is nearly as important to us as the art style, and luckily, we have some unique talent lined up. The soundtrack will be an all-original collaboration by Ryan Roth and Halina Heron, combining orchestral compositions with delicate vocals and a wide variety of percussion.
If the embedded track above doesn't work, or you want a more permanent bookmark for continuous repetition, here's a Soundcloud link!
If there's one thing that creators fight, it's obscurity.
Moon Hunters was one of the very first games on the Square Enix Collective. Both we and Square Enix were happy that it went on to earn over 1,000 Yes votes, with an 83% approval rating.
Further, following a thorough Team Assessment conducted by Square Enix, they concluded: "Kitfox Games is a small and vibrant team with passion and drive, matched by a high level of ambition. They seem to be hard-working, diligent and professional and Moon Hunters looks engaging, unique and accessible. Square Enix Collective is very happy to support the team's crowdfunding campaign, and we believe that Kitfox have the skills and capabilities to make the game they're describing in this pitch." You can download and read the full Team Assessment at your leisure.
We're not getting money from Square Enix. Square Enix is just helping us find our players -- you! We're just four devs trying to scrape by and make a game. Without a big marketing budget, we need all the help we can get!
You can read a deeper discussion of why we think partnering with the S.E. Collective is worthwhile at CinemaBlend. Essentially, we want to make a game, and we want to make sure that the people who would love it get a chance to hear that it exists.
If you are into RPGs and/or mythology and/or old-fashioned co-op fun, Moon Hunters is the game for you.
We are four upstarts that, despite our modest successes in the game industry, don't have savings to fall back on in times of need. To put it bluntly, we're poor, and Moon Hunters is our dream game to make. We can't do it alone.
We need your help to make Moon Hunters the best game it can be. We'll use your money to develop the game's programming, art, music, and design for longer and with more help than we could normally dream of affording. Besides, if nobody likes it and we don't get funded, we might be heartbroken, but at least it saves us from spending a year eating cans of beans making a game that people don't want! Win/win!
This is also a great opportunity to get feedback and input from players that would normally be impossible. We look forward to working with enthusiastic fans to make the game of our dreams together.
So, if Moon Hunters seems like the kind of game you might want to play, please consider chipping in and spreading the word!
We're still in the prototyping phase of production, so there's a lot of game left to make. But we're covering most of it! We decided to take the sales money from Shattered Planet and our company savings to help cover licenses, software, traveling to conferences, and most of the core team salaries, if this Kickstarter succeeds.
First, 5% goes to Kickstarter, 3% goes to Visa/Mastercard/Amazon, and 19% goes to Quebec/Canadian taxes.
Then, 5% goes to Square Enix.
That leaves us the remaining $22,000 or so to spend on audio, more art, a content designer, and additional programmer time.
The core team members of Kitfox are the same core team from developing Shattered Planet, which was developed from idea to release on four platforms in 13 months (Windows, Mac, iOS, Android). It received praise from The New Yorker, CNET, and others, and remains highly praised on Steam. It was also chosen to be at the Indie Megabooth at PAX Prime 2014!
And who are we? We're Kitfox Games!
The limited edition T-shirt design is on charcoal grey cotton and features a Spellblade design.
Click to view a higher-res version!
We're offering 4 different 12x18" poster designs, signed by the core team for a limited run, unique to this Kickstarter.
Click to view a high-res version!
If you purchase a fabric print, you can choose from one of five different 10x13" designs (one for each character class and a cloth map representing one possible world configuration), printed directly onto Belgian linen. They are safe to wash, though we don't recommend using them as a BBQ bib, okay?
The Digital Art Book will include the concept art of Moon Hunters. You will get a hand-picked collection of beautiful watercolour artworks in a neatly designed PDF file. It includes some exclusive early concepts that we haven't shown to anyone!
If you can't find the perfect tier, why not build your own?
During checkout, add the following amounts manually to your total pledge. If you've already backed us, go to "Manage Pledge" and add the appropriate amount (or more) to your total. Keep your original pledge tier the same. After the Kickstarter is over, we will contact you and you can specify your desired add-ons.
If there's something you're desperate to ask or tell us, please do let us know! You can email us, Facebook us, or tweet at us! We'd love to hear from you.
The game systems are mostly planned, and the base game is mostly funded. Given that we want to add a lot of extra polish and content, our biggest risk is that we will need to change systems mid-stream, and that the game will not be released on time.
However, Kitfox has experience making RPGs -- Shattered Planet, released on its first platform after only 8 months(!), only two weeks later than scheduled(!) -- plus our team members have worked on The Secret World, Age of Conan, Dungeons of Fayte, Kaia's Quest, and others. We understand what we're getting into, and we have lots of experience with the technology we're using (Unity 3d).
Digital copy of the game for PC and Mac, at a lower price available only through this Kickstarter.
A digital copy of the game for PC and Mac.
Receive a digital copy of the all-original Moon Hunters OST by Ryan Roth, guest-starring Halina Heron, normally a $10 value.
Also includes a digital copy of the game for PC and Mac.
Why play alone when you can share your experience with a friend? Two digital copies of the game, at a lower price available only through this kickstarter. PLUS an invitation to our beta tests!
Also includes the all-original soundtrack by Ryan Roth.
Why play alone when you can share your experience with a friend? Two digital copies of the game. PLUS an invitation to our beta tests!
Also includes: All-original soundtrack by Ryan Roth.
Companionship doesn't always mean obedience. Receive a key to unlock the Black Cat familiar in the final game (one per copy of the game), available only through this Kickstarter. This is also the first tier that qualifies for the Digital Art Book! NOTE: all tiers above this one ALSO qualify for the Black Cat and Digital Art Book rewards!
Also includes: Soundtrack, beta invites, and two digital copies of the game.
We'll send you a physical postcard signed by the core dev team, in the real world. This is also the first tier in which we will list your name in the game's Special Thanks. NOTE: This is the ONLY TIER that offers the postcard, other than the Super Collector tier.
Also includes: Soundtrack, beta invite, and a digital copy of the game.
Everything's more fun when you're adventuring together! Buy a 4-pack! Four digital copies of the game, for the price of three!
Also includes: Soundtrack, an invitation to our early beta tests.
Get a limited edition charcoal-grey cotton "Moonblade" T-Shirt to impress your tribe, available only in this Kickstarter. NOTE: This is THE ONLY TIER that offers the T-Shirt, other than the Super Collector tier.
Also includes: Soundtrack, inclusion in Special Thanks, an invitation to our early beta tests, and a digital copy of the game for PC and Mac.
This tier includes a limited-edition 12x18" poster print of your choice from four designs, signed by the core team. NOTE: This is THE ONLY TIER that offers the signed poster print, other than the Super Collector tier.
Also includes: soundtrack, an invitation to our early beta, inclusion in Special Thanks, and a digital copy of the game.
For those who see the strands that bind our patterns together. This tier includes a limited-edition fabric print on Belgian linen, from your choice of five designs: a world map or one of the four base characters (Witch, Spellblade, Occultist, Druid). NOTE: This is THE ONLY TIER that offers the fabric print, other than the Super Collector tier.
This tier gives you the right to name a human character (within reason), to be included in the final game. Character gender (male, female, other), species (human/Silkhood) and home-tribe are your choice. We will accommodate basic customization requests, within the limits of the Moon Hunters world.
Also includes: soundtrack, an invitation to our early beta, inclusion in Special Thanks, and TWO digital copies of the game.
This tier gives you the right to name an animal (within reason), to be included in the final game. Species included will be at least, but not limited to: dogs, cats, birds, moths, camels, turkeys, alpacas. We can probably accommodate special customisation/species requests.
You will be remembered. An ancient stone memorial will hold your message of choice (within reason), to be randomly generated in the world of the final game.
Also includes: soundtrack, an invitation to our early beta, inclusion in Special Thanks, and FOUR digital copies of the game.
Includes all physical rewards. This means: a signed poster print, a T-shirt, a fabric print, and Thank You postcard signed by the core team.
Also includes: soundtrack, an invitation to our early beta, inclusion in Special Thanks and FOUR digital copies of the game.
We will delve deep in the pixelmines to find the right pigments to paint a pixel-art likeness of the person of your choice in the Moon Hunters style, from a supplied photograph (no nudies please). With your permission, we may use this sprite in the game.
Also includes: soundtrack, an invitation to our early beta, inclusion in Special Thanks, an in-game memorial with your customised message, and FOUR digital copies of the game.
Xin Ran Liu will hand-paint a watercolor likeness of the person of your choice in the Moon Hunters style, using a supplied photograph (within reason). The final portrait can be a digital file, OR mailed to you on real life parchment. If you choose a digital file, with your permission we will add it to the game as a speaking non-playable character, where it will be seen by thousands of players.
Ready to spin a yarn for the ages? You will help us create a whole character myth (within reason) with up to ten dialogues, that thousands of players will experience. You will be given your choice of pre-created characters to design with, and be credited as an Assistant Narrative Designer for your contribution.
So boss fights are kinda your 'thing'? You will help us design a boss fight or other major combat encounter (within reason). We'll work with you to nail down the perfect look, strategies, effects, and special moves, and credit you as an Assistant Combat Designer for your contribution.
Also includes: soundtrack, an invitation to our early beta, inclusion in Special Thanks, an in-game memorial with your customised message, and TEN digital copies of the game.
Join the team for a day! You get to help with ALL of the above design (name a villager, name an animal, design a myth, design a boss fight). For your contribution, you'll be credited in the game as a Designer.


Prompting you to better your life in significant ways, Angel Number 3163 asks you to make sure that you always do what you can to make sure that you continue to live in the present.
You need to keep your thoughts moving in the right direction, and yourself focused on what matters in life.
Angel Number 3 asks you to focus right now on the idea that you are going to be able to do a lot of great things especially when you take the time to ensure that you are going after all of the right things – your angels will help you determine what is right and wrong.
Angel Number 1 shares that were thinking positively about your future is going to help you make the most out of it and all that it can offer you.
Angel Number 6 wants you to use your intelligence to help you get through all of the best things that are waiting for you to move them forward to the best of times.
Angel Number 31 wants you to see that everything you give to the world is going to come back to be able to give you a positive result in your future well as your life right now.
Angel Number 63 wants you to take control of the power that you feel right now and promote yourself forward to a positive life that is going to give you all of the right feelings.
Angel Number 316 wants you to get rid of anything that is holding you back from emotional qualms to physical possessions. Get rid of it all and enjoy a happier life as a result.
Angel Number 163 wants you to go ahead and get access to all of the best information that is going to make your life a whole lot better.
You'll be able to do a whole lot more that will help you transition yourself onward and upward.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Use the parallelplate class to represent parallel-plate transmission lines that are characterized by line dimensions and optional stub properties.
A parallel-plate transmission line is shown in cross-section in the following figure. Its physical characteristics include the plate width w and the plate separation d.
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Computed S-parameters, noise figure, OIP3, and group delay values, specified as rfdata.data object. Analyzed Result is a read-only property. For more information refer, Algorithms.
Physical length of parallel-plate transmission line, specified as a scalar in meters. The default value is 0.01.
Thickness of the dielectric separating the plates, specified as a scalar in meters. The default value is 1.0e-3.
Physical width of parallel-plate transmission line, specified as a scalar in meters. The default value is 6.0e-4.
Create a parallel plate transmission line using rfckt.parallelplate.


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I have always been an achiever; be it academics or professional life or sports or any other field in my life. I believe in success through hard work and dedication. My motto in life is to 'If you want something, work hard and you will achieve it; there are no shot cuts'. I enjoy life to the fullest and love humor. I am a progressive thinker and respect each person's space and values.
I come from an upper-middle-class family. There is five people in my family. I have one elder brother and sister, both are married and settled. I`m the youngest one in my family.


text:
Canon EOS R6 II review: An excellent hybrid camera with few flaws
Top notch autofocus and sharp 4K 60p video with no crop.
Steve Dent
·Reporter
17 January 2023, 9:00 am ·12-min read
Steve Dent/Engadget
Sony and Canon are locked in a pitched battle for the full-frame mirrorless camera market, and Canon's latest salvo is the $2,500 EOS R6 II. It's not just a key rival to Sony's like-priced 33-megapixel A7 IV, but gives Canon the opportunity to rectify overheating flaws in the otherwise excellent EOS R6.
The new 24-megapixel sensor promises more resolution and image quality than the 20-megapixel R6. It also offers faster shooting speeds, improved 4K video specs, an improved viewfinder and more. The competition in this category is getting tough, though. Panasonic also recently announced the $2,000 Lumix S5II and $2,200 S5IIX, its first cameras with phase-detect hybrid autofocus.
I saw the R6 II last last year in prototype form, but I've now got my hands on the final version. Can it keep up with the competition, and are the overheating issues solved? I tried it in a variety of shooting situations to find out.
Body and handling
Canon has experimented with the controls of past cameras, introducing things like a touch bar, but users didn't like it. Fortunately, the R6 II uses Canon's tried and tested form factor, with buttons, dials and the joystick right where you'd expect to find them. The grip is big, comfortable and has a rubber-like material, giving a sure hold with no discomfort even after a day's use.
There are a few welcome changes over the R6, though. The power switch is now at right for easier access, with a "lock" setting that prevents accidental control activation (you can specify which controls to lock out).
Canon also introduced a dedicated photo and video switch. Flipping it changes all the settings for each button, as well as the main and quick menus. If you flip from photos to video, though, it uses whatever is set on the mode dial (M, S, A, P, etc.), so you have to remember to change that. All other settings, though, remain separate.
As before, it has a fully-articulating 1.62-million dot display that makes the R6 II useful for vlogging, selfies, etc. And Canon has updated the EVF from 2.36-million to 3.67-million dots, matching the A7 IV and getting rid of one of my biggest complaints about the original R6. It's not quite as sharp as the 5.76-million dot EVF on the X-H2S, for instance, but it's relatively sharp and fast with a 120 fps refresh rate.
Canon EOS R6 II mirrorless camera review
Where the R6 had a single fast UHS-II card slot and a slower UHS-I slot, the R6 II now has two UHS-II slots. Unlike the A7 IV or Panasonic GH6, though, it lacks any kind of a CFexpress card slot which does affect burst speeds and video capture options.
It uses the same LP-E6NH battery as before, but endurance is up significantly from 510 shots max on the R6 to nearly 760 on the R6 II. I've taken well over 2,000 shots in a day (with a mix of electronic and mechanical shutter), and shot video for nearly two hours.
Naturally, it has microphone and headphone ports, along with a "next-generation" 21-pin digital interface at the hot shoe (Canon has shown images with the Tascam XLR2d-C audio interface and its newly launched Speedlite EL-5). Sadly, it uses a fragile micro instead of a full HDMI port. That's unfortunate considering the RAW video output, as micro HDMI cables (and ports) tend to be fragile and finicky.
In terms of connectivity, you can run the camera off the USB-C via the power delivery feature. It also offers Bluetooth 5 and 5GHz Wifi, and you can use it directly as a PC or Mac webcam over USB-C using the built-in industry-standard UVC and UAC video and audio drivers built into Windows and MacOS.
As I saw in San Diego while shooting sports, the R6 II is fast. It can fire bursts at 12 fps with the mechanical shutter, which is already a touch faster than the A7 IV. However, switching to electronic mode brings that pace up to a frenzied 40 fps, making it the sportiest full-frame camera in this price category by far.
Using electronic mode means you'll shoot fewer shots though (it also impacts the quality, but more on that shortly). You can get about 75 compressed RAW/JPEG frames before the buffer fills, and fewer with uncompressed RAW. In mechanical shutter mode, by contrast, you can shoot around 1,000 compressed RAW/JPEG frames before it stops, or about 140 uncompressed RAW photos.
Speaking of the buffer, an interesting new feature is the Pro Capture mode. If you activate that setting and half press the shutter button, it will continuously record and store several seconds worth of photos in the buffer. Then, when you full-press the shutter button, you'll capture a few seconds of action that occurred right before you did so. The idea, of course, is that if you weren't quite quick enough, you'll still get a shot.
Rolling shutter is well controlled, about half that of the original R6 and significantly less than the A7 IV, as you can see in tests performed by Gerald Undone. I'd hesitate to use it for fast-moving sports at full-frame, but it's very minimal in cropped 1.6x mode.
The Dual Pixel autofocus on the R6 II is also quicker and more reliable than the R6. Using it in single-point mode with no face/eye detection, it could keep up with the 40 fps burst speeds, missing just the odd shot. In 12 fps mechanical shutter mode, I rarely had a shot out of focus. In this aspect, it's nearly on par with the EOS R3, which uses a stacked sensor.
There are 4,897 focus detect positions for photos and 4,067 for video, with up to 100 percent coverage depending on the lens. That means you can track subjects even at the edge of the frame. Selecting a subject is relatively easy using the multi-controller joystick or touchscreen.
On top of face and eyes, the R6 II can detect people's bodies, plus animals and vehicles, including motorcycles, cars, trains and horses. It also comes with a new auto-select mode that lets the AI choose the subject type. It can also track user-selected subjects not in those categories.
While it can occasionally get confused by the background, the R6 II is good at locking onto human faces and eyes. It's a bit less dependable for animals and other subjects. Tracking fast-moving subjects works well, though I had to dive into the settings to boost speeds for quicker movement. Touch to track works well if the subject is well defined, but isn't as reliable as face tracking.
In general, autofocus is excellent and second only to Sony. As mentioned, I shot thousands of images per day at Canon's shooting sessions (on a prototype camera), and most of them were in focus, with very little fiddling required on my part.
Canon EOS R6 II sample images
The new 24-megapixel sensor (neither backside illuminated nor stacked) is the biggest improvement in this camera, offering improved image quality, better low-light sensitivity and more. Images are of course sharper, but Canon has also boosted the dynamic range, allowing for improved image quality as well.
JPEGs have good levels of detail without excessive sharpening. Color accuracy is good and skin tones more pleasing than other cameras I've tried recently. If you want to boost quality a bit but not shoot RAWs, you can also shoot using the 10-bit HEIF (high efficiency image file) format, which offers a wider color range and less likelihood of banding.
With an ISO range of 100-102400 (50 to 204800 expanded), the R6 II is actually better than the original R6 in low light, despite the extra resolution. I had no qualms about shooting at ISO 12800 using some light noise reduction, and even ISO 25,600 images were usable if I exposed correctly. Anything above that had low usability, however.
RAW images retain extra detail, especially in shadows. That makes images easier to edit should you underexpose them. It has perhaps a bit less dynamic range than Sony or Nikon full-frame cameras, but it's still very good. Beware that dynamic range drops in electronic shutter mode, though, as the R6 II shifts from 14-bit to 12-bit capture – so that extra speed does come at a slight loss in dynamic range.
The EOS R6 II offers supersampled, full-frame 4K video all the way up to 60 fps. By contrast, the A7 IV and Panasonic's S5 II both crop 60p video. Much like the A7 IV, 10-bit quality is available only in C-Log3 mode, with 8-bit in the regular video modes. That's too bad, as regular 10-bit video provides extra headroom in shadows and highlights, without the hassle of applying LUTs or doing other color correction. All resolutions are available in 1.6X crop mode, with just a slight loss in sharpness.
You can do super slow mo in 1080p at up to 180fps, though the footage is barely usable. It's more acceptable at 120fps, which still slows the action way down. And finally, you can shoot up to 6K in 12-bit ProRes RAW to an external Atomos Ninja V+ recorder. That delivers the best quality and easiest-to-edit video, if you don't mind the hassle.
With the original R6, heating issues were a showstopper for many. You could shoot no more than 40 minutes of video at 4K 30fps, or 30 minutes at 60p. On top of that, you had to wait at least 10 minutes for it to cool down, and then you could only shoot for another 10 minutes or so.
Fortunately, those problems are largely gone. I shot supersampled 4K 30p video for nearly two hours until the battery died with no heating issues. In 60p supersampled mode, Canon says you can shoot for up to 50 minutes and get back to shooting again more quickly and for a longer time.
Those numbers are actually conservative, as I was able to shoot 4K 60p for over an hour (albeit, in 50 degree F temperatures). If you start and stop 4K 60p capture, there are no problems. If you really need continuous 4K 60p video, get another camera, but otherwise overheating issues are largely gone.
Quality is excellent, with sharper video than the competition at 4K 60p. Dynamic range in CLog3 mode isn't quite as good as Sony's A7 IV or the Panasonic S5 II, though. Much of that is lost in shadows, so it's better to slightly over than underexpose when shooting C-Log3. It's nothing you'd notice for regular non-log video, though.
Low-light video is good at ISOs up to 6400 and you can get away with 12800 if you're careful with exposure. If not, boosting shadows can create some serious noise. Still, it's one of the better full-frame cameras in low light, making it useful for things like concerts or plays.
One unfortunate omission compared to rivals is the lack of easy-to-edit intra-frame (all-intra or ProRes) codecs. That makes it pretty much mandatory to convert to ProRes or another format afterward, as even fast editing systems don't like LongGOP. Sony's A7 IV, meanwhile, supports all-intra capture at up to 600 megabits per second, which is one reason it has a CFexpress Type A card slot.
Video autofocus is a strong point for Canon. With single-point autofocus for run and gun shooting, interviews and the like, I rarely had out-of-focus shots. Human face and eye-tracing is incredibly reliable for videos. It stays locked on the subject and keeps them in focus as they move, though again, Sony's A7 IV is slightly quicker.
As with photos, it also offers reliable animal and vehicle tracking, with the same "auto" mode that lets the camera's AI choose the subject type. Overall, the R6 II is another reliable Canon camera in terms of video autofocus – something I think is really important for most video shooters, especially vloggers or documentary filmmakers..
Canon beats all rivals in rolling shutter. It's noticeably better than on the Sony A7 IV, even in fully-downsampled mode. In 1.6 crop mode, it's barely detectable, even if you whip the camera around. Like bad autofocus, excessive rolling shutter can ruin shots, so for me this is another key feature.
In-body stabilization is fine for stationary handheld shots or small movements. Anything more can be jerky, even in enhanced digital IS mode, however. The R6 II is about the same as the A7 IV in this regard, but Panasonic's new S5II has massively improved stabilization designed for video and looks like it will beat both cameras.
Finally, Canon has introduced a digital focus breathing feature, much like Sony has on the A7 IV. This allows you to "rack" focus from one subject to another without either changing in size, by essentially using digital zoom to counteract the optical zoom. It works well, but only with a handful of lenses for now.
Canon's $2,500 EOS R6 II is a formidable hybrid mirrorless camera, with fast shooting speeds, accurate autofocus and strong video capabilities. The overheating issues have largely been fixed, unless you really need to shoot continuous 4K 60p full-frame video. The main downside is a lack of dynamic range compared to rivals.
Sony's $2,500 A7 IV has more resolution but slower shooting speeds, particularly in electronic mode. Rolling shutter is a more serious issue on that camera as well. On the plus side, it offers slightly better image quality and autofocus that's a touch faster.
Panasonic's $2,000 S5 II has slightly better video specs, but it remains to be seen if autofocus can keep up. The S5 IIx, coming in May, looks like a better mirrorless camera for video and it's less expensive at $2,200. And finally, if you're willing to drop down to an APS-C sensor, the $2,500 X-H2S has a stacked sensor and better video chops, but slightly inferior autofocus. If you shoot both photos and video equally, I'd choose the EOS R6 II over all those models.
Japanese YouTuber's pet fish 'takes control of Nintendo account', changes username and racks up credit card bill
The fishy business took place when the game crashed due to an unknown error during live-streaming
Manhunt as gunmen kill 8 at birthday party in S.Africa
Police in South Africa on Monday launched a manhunt after gunmen opened fire on a birthday party in the southern port city of Gqeberha, killing eight. The birthday celebrant and house owner was among those killed, police said.
IndiGo passenger tries to remove emergency exit panel mid-flight
Incident occurred while the plane was on the approach for landing

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I have a question regarding choosing container for an image. For example for the testVM image provided in UI horizon the container is bare by defalut(bare container format means the image does not have a container or metadata), however when I use hortonworks hdp plugin image for centOS which container format should I use ?I doubt if I should use bare as this image has pre populated data like hadoop-libhdfs, hadoop-native, hadoop-sbin and more.
The problem is my cluster remains in waiting state even though all the instances are active. So I wanted to make sure if using bare for the pre populated hdp QCOW2 image is fine or if it makes it useless.
I would not expect using Mirantis OpenStack 4.0 to change anything. The problem you see right now is that instances booted from the HDP image fail to start the operating system. That is why I suspect that either the image you use was corrupted during the download, or you upload it into Glance in a wrong way. For the later I admit that disk-format and container-format seem to be the only relevant options.
Yes, I used the hortoonworks image and the container format was also bare. Can you please tell me on what version of Miratins Openstack you got yours working ? I am using v3.2. Does that have an effect as Miratis 4.0 is available now.
Thank you for the reply. I tried the hortownworks hdp savanna image for cent os without savanna, just launched a normal instance on openstack dashboard. I got the instance state as "active" but I am not getting any logs or cannot see anything on the console except for "booting from hard disk". What can I infer from this ? What can be done furthur ti deploy hdp on savanna if this is the case.
I believe that we upload images provided by Hortonworks with '--disk-format qcow2 --container-format=bare' do you do the same?
If you do it, I think that 'Booting from hard disk' is a sign that the image is broken. Try redownloading it and then compare md5 of the new and the old images.
Thank you for the reply. I tried the hortownworks hdp savanna image for cent os without savanna, just launched a normal instance on openstack dashboard. I got the instance state as "active" but I am not getting any logs or cannot see anything on the console except for "booting from hard disk". What can I infer from this ?
The container is independent of what is in the image (i.e. centos + other stuff). If you can start the image w/o savanna, then you've imported it properly.


God, help me love you today with my mindfulness: let my consciousness, what I am aware of, and how, be loving toward you.
Help me love you with my thoughts, to use my mind to love you, to think lovingly of all people.
Help me love you with my attitude toward others and myself and my circumstances.
Help me lovingly search all my thoughts, including the ones I repress, and bear all my moods and emotions as offerings to you, placing them in your loving hands.
Help me this day be mindful of what is, mindful of your love, mindful of my love for you.


After an extremely long day travelling, we arrived safely at the Chateau in time to unload the luggage and eat dinner. Dinner was followed by some outdoor games before it got dark. We came back to our rooms to unpack and prepare for some well-earned sleep before our Paris excursions tomorrow.


Weary today. No church, partly due to weariness and partly due to the fact it was a family service and therefore shorter – by the time I got there after my rest it would practically be over. Feeling pretty groggy. Some Sundays work out okay and I manage to see people. Others I am forced to stay at home. Having this cold thing has knocked my already low energy supplies. Am trying not to be too discouraged by it.


It was last month when some possible Samsung Galaxy S III buyers became a little concerned about the story of a Samsung Galaxy S III that supposedly blew up and exploded in the car dock with the charger unplugged. At the time, Carphone Warehouse smelled something fishy and refused to give the guy a replacement unit while the damaged phone was confiscated. The fallout from the incident was some worry on the part of those looking to pre-order the Samsung Galaxy S III. Although there are no clear numbers, we doubt that it cost Samsung that much business. The other response from the exploding Samsung Galaxy S III was to criticize Carphone Warehouse and Samsung for not replacing the unit.
Well, as it turns out, Carphone Warehouse and Samsung acted quite appropriately. The Korean based manufacturer hired Fire Investigations UK a third party firm that tested the damaged phone and said that the source of the heat was not the phone itself and that the phone was not responsible for the explosion. The report further stated that the only way to produce the kind of damage done to the phone would be to have put it in a microwave oven and heated it up.
After the investigation, the owner of the phone, the same one who had reported the explosion, said that what really happened was that another person was trying to rid the phone of some water damage and that act caused the explosion. In simple English, his friend probably dropped the guy's new Samsung Galaxy S III in the toilet and put it in the microwave to fix it. With friends like that, who needs an enemy. This doesn't mean that the phone's owner isn't guilty. After all, he is the one that went to Carphone Warehouse with a bogus story which he repeated on the internet.
The sad thing is that had either of them been loyal phoneArena readers, they would have known how to save a phone from water damage. The good news is that owners of the Samsung Galaxy S III can sleep better tonight, knowing that they won't have their face blown off by a rogue model. And yes, the biggest victims of this act are those who decided to buy another phone because they were worried about the Samsung Galaxy S III having a random explosion. Turns out you could have bought the phone you really wanted instead of settling for something else.
Yeap I guess apple will say the same thing about combustion case..
in a totally unrelated post lets talk about apple as always. so tired of you guys crying in EVERY article about apple.
My sources tell me that the friend was none other than Steve Jobs and that he actually threw his friend's Galaxy S III into the toilet just to iSobatage the device's imminent launch.
You mean he went thermonuclear on it?
Lol, did Google Now tell him to put it in the microwave?
Already knew it was fake when it was surfaced last month. Originally thought guy tried taking a lighter and burning it from the outside though.
Lolololol Awesome. What a tard, you never microwave anything electronic.
Sheesh, now seeing it open it is clear it wasn't the phone. Only thing that could blow up is the stupid battery.
You idiot, his friend was probably iPhone user just like you.
There are idiots on both sides of the table. Just use the app Yodamap and you'll want to curl into a fetal position due to the stupid.
This incident right here would be an insult to stupid.
Oh hey. It's the newbie. Hi newbie. I do agree that this was beyond stupid. Not the first time I've ever seen someone lie to get s**t replaced though.
You don't even know the whole story.
What part am I missing? The guy had a stupid friend, got his phone broken by that friend, and when he was exposed told the truth about it after lying and trying to fool representatives at Car phone Warehouse.
Snig, these idiots always have some excuse or conspiracy theory behind their blind sheepness. They just can't accept some stupid kid tried to put his phone in the microwave to dry out the water.
He had an Android phone.
So did you know what happened? Have you spoken to the guy?


text:
Want to see more of Frank Lloyd Wright's Hollyhock House? Now you can
Frank Lloyd Wright's Hollyhock House underwent a massive restoration and reopened to visitors in 2015.
(Christina House / Los Angeles Times)
By Jeanette MarantosStaff Writer
Visitors may finally set foot in the sunken living room, the dining room and the conservatory of Frank Lloyd Wright's famed Hollyhock House in Barnsdall Park, even though they still have to cover their shoes with paper booties and keep their hands to themselves. More rooms upstairs and down are expected to open to visitors by Oct. 1, curator Jeffrey Herr said Friday.
Frank Lloyd Wright's Hollyhock House becomes L.A.'s first UNESCO World Heritage Site
The Hollyhock House designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, a building that was almost demolished in the 1940s, earned Los Angeles its first UNESCO World Heritage Site designation Sunday.
That means you can walk through the dining room to the kitchen door to admire its mahogany counters and cabinets. Previously, visitors could only get a glimpse from the foyer. You also now have access to the conservatory/breakfast room, which features a wall of windows, and the sunken living, where visitors can stand near the massive couch Wright designed to curve around the fireplace whose hearth is decorated with one of his most famous works of art.
The Hollyhock House features stylized hollyhocks inside and out.
(Christina House/Los Angeles Times)
It's all because the city's new "Virtual Accessibility Experience," an online virtual tour of the house with a hollyhock motif and a Maya-temple style that Wright built for avant-garde oil heiress Aline Barnsdall, starting in 1919. Barnsdall fired Wright in 1921, shortly before the house was completed, in part because of huge cost overruns. Even so, the house on July 7 became Los Angeles' first UNESCO World Heritage Site, part of an homage to eight Wright designs, including Fallingwater in Mill Run, Pa., and the Guggenheim Museum in New York City.
Visitors will now be able to walk in the dining area, where chairs and table were designed by Wright.
Barnsdall never lived in the house atop a hill in Hollywood. Instead, she donated it and the surrounding land to the city in 1927. It became Barnsdall Art Park, which also has a nearby art gallery and community art center.
Frank Lloyd Wright at 150: Why his Los Angeles houses deserve a closer look
The kitchen at Hollyhock House is now on the expanded tour.
(Christina House / Los Angeles Times )
Prior to 2005, visitors had fairly open access to the building. But after a major restoration in 2015, the city's Department of Cultural Affairs clamped down and limited visitors to areas where they could see but not step into the living or dining rooms. The idea was to limit access to areas where people of all abilities could tour the house.
The sunken living room at Hollyhock House.
"It was just a matter of being fair," Herr said. "We were very cautious about where access was allowed to the general public until we were able to offer at least a commensurate experience to people with physical challenges."
The entryway to Hollyhock House.
The online "Virtual Accessibility Experience" is live now, but the project won't be completed until WiFi is installed at Hollyhock House, Herr said, so visitors who can't physically manage the steps can use their smartphones or tablets provided by the city to "tour" the rooms they can't reach.
The outdoor fountain in the back of Hollyhock House, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.
Herr emphasized, however, that the "Experience" is more than an accessibility tool. The online tour provides a high-resolution look at every room in the house, allowing viewers to zoom in to closely examine details of Wright's architecture and design.
A view of the living room from 1927. Today, after a massive restoration, it retains its modern style.
"It has some very useful, very practical applications, and not just for people with physical challenges," Herr said. "For instance, you can enter the dining room now, but you can't walk over and examine the art-glass windows. But with the virtual tour you can zoom in and examine them as if you're just a few inches away."
Photos of Aline Barnsdall and her family. Barnsdall hired Wright to build the house in Hollywood.
By Oct. 1, the city expects to open up the gallery area on the main floor and the upstairs master bath, child's bedroom and bathroom for self-guided tours between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m. Thursdays through Sundays. The site also offers one-hour guided tours at 11 a.m. and 12:30 p.m. on Tuesdays and Wednesdays. Advance tickets are required ($7), and tours are limited to 10 people.
The stylized hollyhock motif adorns the building inside and out.
If you're impatient to see more, note that the guided tours could include the upstairs rooms and gallery area in the next few weeks, Herr said. Check the website for information about what areas the tour will include.
Info: Hollyhock House, 4800 Hollywood Blvd., Los Angeles; barnsdall.org/hollyhock-house
To find out more about Wright's work in L.A., watch KCET's Artbound episode "That Far Corner: Frank Lloyd Wright in Los Angeles" by former L.A. Times architecture critic Christopher Hawthorne.
TravelCalifornia
Get U-T Arts & Culture on Thursdays
A San Diego insider's look at what talented artists are bringing to the stage, screen, galleries and more.
Jeanette Marantos
Gardening datebook: Seedlings, succulents and native plants
What's happening on So Cal's gardening scene? A seedling exchange, Designer Plant Fair and sales of succulents and orchids
Pollinators and pests in your garden: How to save one, get rid of the other
Pollinators play an important role in our ecosystem. Here's how to care for them while getting rid of the pests in your garden, like dreaded stink bugs.
YG Shooting: Rapper's bulletproof Escalade is tied to wild gun battle, police pursuit, and Compton killing
Rapper YG's bulletproof Cadillac Escalade is at the center of the investigation of a deadly gun battle and pursuit on July 3. He denies any involvement.
Four Hours: A beat-the-heat tour of historic Riverside and the Mission Inn
The Mission Inn in Riverside's historic downtown has been a destination spot since it was built in 1902, when rich Easterners settled in for months to escape winter's gloom.
Want a bumper crop of tomatoes? Listen to this guy
David Freed spent most of his adult life in the restaurant business, but when he sold the 8th Street Grill, his University Park coffee shop, in 2007, he discovered there were plenty of other things to do with his time.
Judge orders mistrial after jury deadlocks on whether Mongols member killed Pomona SWAT officer in 2014
After nearly two months of testimony and deliberation, a Los Angeles Superior court judge on Friday declared a mistrial in the murder trial of a Mongols Motorcycle Club member after a jury deadlocked over whether he acted in self-defense when he fatally shot Pomona police SWAT officer Shaun Diamond in 2014.
Grand-scale sights in China
Great Wall, Tiananmen Square, Terra Cotta Warriors are highlights of 14-day Viking River Cruises tour
Travel Deals: Resorts in West offer flurry of free ski days
Varied fees qualify fifth, sixth graders for 1 to 4 lift tickets
Resident tickets for Disneyland are back: $199 gets you in three times
The discount is good for residents who live in ZIP Codes 90000-93599 in Southern California, and 21000-22999 in Baja California, Mexico
'Looks like a movie!' Traveling back in time to Tombstone
Tombstone, one of the most famous towns from America's Old West, is a unique mix of authenticity and tourism with a heavy dose of cheese
Passports that won't scan are the latest problem in the quest for Real ID license
You'll need an original or certified copy of your birth certificate if your passport fails to scan when you apply for a federally compliant Real ID
Nut trees for home gardens
In the simplest terms, a nut is an edible seed.
Supermodel shares healthier 'Cravings'
In her first cookbook, "Cravings," supermodel Chrissy Teigen proved that she knows her way around the kitchen.
The McStays: A lingering mystery
A week after Thanksgiving, in a field southeast of Temecula, a hunter came across the partially buried remains of a human body.
Swallow nests can be health hazard
Mud-built attachments onto homes not just a nuisance; laws restrict their removal
Beware thorn punctures; they can make you sick
Even a tiny opening in skin becomes an entry point for pathogens in soil


text:
Q: All products leading to 404 error i recently uploaded my magento site from local. But afetr i faced some issues. Firstly all my products are showing on the home page. But any time i try to view them on their own page, it gives me 404 error. What i noticed is a custom module SM Shop By isn't indexing in my index manager. Av tried several solutions i found online to correct it. But no result. Pls help Asap. http://www.innoshoppers.com.ng/

A: Go to database truncate core_url_rewrite table and clear cache
Then reindex all from
admin->System->Index Management


AMD Phenom II X6 Hexacore – Quad core? How about six.
The next big thing from microprocessor manufacturer AMD (and also Intel) will be the logical progression from quad-core processors to six-core. Undoubtedly these will sell for an arm and a leg. The launch dates for these brand new spanking processors is reported to be around the June-July timeframe, with the Intel solution costing upwards of $US 1,000 a pop. On the AMD side, the Phenom II X6 performance numbers have been revealed and the results were rather disappointing.
Let's talk a bit about the product first. AMD will be launching 6 different types of their hexacore processors (ironically), ranging from speeds of 2.6 to 3.2 GHz. What's interesting is that AMD will also be introducing a Turbo-boost equivalent to Intel and they are calling it Turbo Core, which automatically overclocks the processor if it senses that less than 3 of the cores are being used. With six cores, overclockers and computer enthusiasts will have a field day playing around and trying to extract the most performance out of their massive processors.
The cache remains the same at 6MB across the entire product line. Part of the reason why AMD processors have suffered in terms of performance compared to their Intel cousins is the lack of adequate cache, but it seems that this issue will not be tackled, at least not until AMD's next-gen architecture is revealed.
Happily, these new processors, with 6 cores and blazing fast performance, all fit into the same power and heat envelope as their existing Phenom and Phenom II X4 requirements. No need to shell out extra money for a new motherboard or better cooler, which is always good news. AMD assures that the new processors will be compatible with motherboards all the way back to the AM2+ era, which is an impressive achievement and one of the reasons why AMD is still the brand of choice for budget conscious consumers who want the maximum value for their money.
However early performance numbers for the Phenom II X6 were disappointing, putting them slightly behind Intel's flagship i7, which only has technically 4 cores (well, 8 if you consider Hyperthreading, but that's just fake marketing cores that consumers seem to love). Even worse, the core-by-core performance is comparable only to the original Phenom standards, which were already pretty low when THOSE launched. I'm willing to bet its another case of the processors being starved of proper cache memory to perform at their best. Whatever the case, let's hope AMD manages to find a way to squeeze some extra performance out of their latest processors, although I wouldn't be surprised if Intel decimates them with their hexacore solution.
Thankfully, for all intents and purposes, the Phenom II X4 will be enough for most home users, offering excellent gaming performance for its price.


Maybe your stepper motors on your machine are wired different then one in the HPC LS3020 ?
Great idea, sadly i have to work that day. Maybe next time !
Yes sometimes its get stuck at RUNNING 1% (the display does not get updated very often btw).
Did try mdf (4mm) en plywood (5 mm) .


On Mount Olympus a decadent wedding feast was held and all the gods were invited. Unfortunately, the goddess of discord, Eris, was mistakenly left off the guest list.
Because Eris was looked over and not invited to the party Eris became very angry and sought revenge.
Three Olympian goddesses, Hera (queen of the gods), Athena (goddess of wisdom and war), and Aphrodite (goddess of love and beauty), all claimed the prize. To settle the matter, Zeus asked Hermes, the messenger god, to appoint an impartial judge. Hermes chose the beautiful young mortal Paris, who was the son of Priam, the king of Troy.
Each goddess tried to influence Paris with a special gift.
Meanwhile, they pretended to sail away. That night the Trojans took the Horse into their city and the warriors crept out and threw open the city's gates. The Greeks entered, sacked the city and claimed a victorious end to the great Trojan War.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.Immutable;
using System.Linq;

namespace Meticulous.Meta
{
    public class MetaClass : MetaObject, IMetaClassProxy
    {
        private readonly MetaClass _base;
        private readonly ImmutableArray<MetaInterface> _interfaces;

        private readonly ImmutableArray<MetaClass> _derivedClasses;
        private readonly ImmutableArray<MetaFunction> _methods;
        private readonly ImmutableArray<MetaField> _fields;

        internal MetaClass(MetaClassBuilder builder, MetaObjectBuilderContext context)
            : base(builder, context.Module)
        {
            _base = context.Class;
            _interfaces = context.BaseInterfaces;

            using (context.CreateScope(this))
            {
                _fields = builder.BuildFields(context);
                _methods = builder.BuildMethods(context);

                _derivedClasses = builder.BuildDerivedClasses(context);
            }
        }

        public MetaClass Base
        {
            get { return _base; }
        }

        public ImmutableArray<MetaInterface> Interfaces
        {
            get { return _interfaces; }
        }

        public ImmutableArray<MetaClass> DerivedClasses
        {
            get { return _derivedClasses; }
        }

        public IEnumerable<MetaClass> EnumerateSubclasses()
        {
            foreach (var derivedClass in _derivedClasses)
            {
                yield return derivedClass;

                foreach (var subclass in derivedClass.EnumerateSubclasses())
                {
                    yield return subclass;
                }
            }
        }

        public ImmutableArray<MetaFunction> Methods
        {
            get { return _methods; }
        }

        public ImmutableArray<MetaField> Fields
        {
            get { return _fields; }
        }

        public override void Accept<TContext>(IMetaTypeVisitor<TContext> metaTypeVisitor, TContext context)
        {
            metaTypeVisitor.VisitClass(this, context);
        }

        internal override void ResolveDeferredMembers(MetaObjectBuilderContext context)
        {
            ResolveDeferredMembers(_fields, context);
            ResolveDeferredMembers(_methods, context);
            ResolveDeferredMembers(_derivedClasses, context);
        }

        MetaClass IMetaClassProxy.Resolve(MetaObjectBuilderContext context)
        {
            return this;
        }
    }

    internal interface IMetaClassProxy
    {
        string Name { get; }

        MetaClass Resolve(MetaObjectBuilderContext context);
    }

    public class MetaClassBuilder : MetaObjectBuilder<MetaClass>, IMetaClassProxy
    {
        #region Fields

        private readonly IMetaClassProxy _base = null;
        private readonly List<MetaClassBuilder> _derivedBuilders;
        private readonly List<MetaFieldBuilder> _fieldBuilders;
        private readonly List<MetaFunctionBuilder> _methodBuilders;

        #endregion

        #region Constructors

        public MetaClassBuilder(string name, MetaClass baseClass)
            : this(name, baseClass, null)
        {
            Check.ArgumentNotNull(baseClass, "baseClass");
        }

        public MetaClassBuilder(string name)
            : this(name, null, null)
        {

        }

        internal MetaClassBuilder(string name, IMetaClassProxy baseClassProxy, MetaObjectBuilder parentBuilder)
            : base(name, parentBuilder)
        {
            _base = baseClassProxy;

            _derivedBuilders = new List<MetaClassBuilder>();
            _fieldBuilders = new List<MetaFieldBuilder>();
            _methodBuilders = new List<MetaFunctionBuilder>();
        }

        #endregion

        public MetaClassBuilder AddDerivedClass(string name)
        {
            var builder = new MetaClassBuilder(name, this, this);

            _derivedBuilders.Add(builder);

            return builder;
        }

        public MetaFunctionBuilder AddMethod(string name)
        {
            var methodBuilder = new MetaFunctionBuilder(name, this);

            _methodBuilders.Add(methodBuilder);

            return methodBuilder;
        }

        public MetaFieldBuilder AddField(string name)
        {
            var fieldBuilder = new MetaFieldBuilder(name, this);

            _fieldBuilders.Add(fieldBuilder);

            return fieldBuilder;
        }

        #region Building

        internal ImmutableArray<MetaField> BuildFields(MetaObjectBuilderContext context)
        {
            return BuildSubObjects(_fieldBuilders, context);
        }

        internal ImmutableArray<MetaFunction> BuildMethods(MetaObjectBuilderContext context)
        {
            return BuildSubObjects(_methodBuilders, context);
        }

        internal ImmutableArray<MetaClass> BuildDerivedClasses(MetaObjectBuilderContext context)
        {
            return BuildSubObjects(_derivedBuilders, context);
        }

        internal override MetaClass Build(MetaObjectBuilderContext context)
        {
            var baseClass = _base.Resolve(context);
            using (context.CreateScope(baseClass))
            {
                return new MetaClass(this, context);
            }
        }

        #endregion

        MetaClass IMetaClassProxy.Resolve(MetaObjectBuilderContext context)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Drought-related stress among farmers: findings from the Australian Rural Mental Health Study
Emma K Austin, Tonelle Handley, Anthony S Kiem, Jane L Rich, Terry J Lewin, Hedda H Askland, Sara S Askarimarnani, David A Perkins and Brian J Kelly
Med J Aust 2018; 209 (4): 159-165. || doi: 10.5694/mja17.01200
Published online: 30 July 2018
MJA Podcast: Ms Emma Austin and Prof David Perkins
Objectives: To investigate general and drought-related stress experienced by farmers at both the personal and community levels, and whether socio-demographic and community factors influence this stress.
Design: Multivariate analysis of data from the Australian Rural Mental Health Study (ARMHS), a longitudinal cohort study (2007–2013).
Setting: Non-metropolitan New South Wales.
Participants: Subset of 664 ARMHS participants (at baseline) who identified as living or working on a farm.
Main outcome measures: Personal drought-related stress (PDS), community drought-related stress (CDS), and general psychological distress (K10 score).
Results: Farmers who were under 35, both lived and worked on a farm, experienced greater financial hardship, and were in outer regional, remote or very remote NSW reported PDS particularly frequently. Of these factors, only being under 35 and increased remoteness were associated with higher incidence of CDS. Mild wet weather during the prior 12 months reduced PDS and CDS but increased general distress. Moderate or extreme wet weather did not affect PDS or general distress, but moderate wet weather was associated with increased CDS. Drought-related stress and general psychological distress were influenced by different socio-demographic and community factors.
Conclusions: Farmers in NSW experience significant stress about the effects of drought on themselves, their families, and their communities. Farmers who are younger, live and work on a farm, experience financial hardship, or are isolated are at particular risk of drought-related stress. Medical practitioners who provide assistance to farmers and farming communities can contribute to initiatives that relieve stress about drought.
The known Stress among farmers is influenced by drought and a range of socio-demographic and community factors that exacerbate stress related to their occupation and rural context.
The new The incidence of drought-related stress was higher among farmers who were younger, living and working on a farm, located in geographically remote areas, and experiencing financial hardship.
The implications Clarifying the relationship between drought, drought-related stress, and factors that modulate this stress will create opportunities for promoting adaptation by rural populations to climate adversity and for improving mental health support by general practitioners for farmers experiencing drought-related stress.
Drought and other extreme climate events threaten public health around the world.1 The biophysical impacts of drought are intertwined with social and structural factors, exposing different social and demographic groups in diverse geographic locations to a variety of risks and sensitivities.2 Australian rural communities are vulnerable to the socio-economic impacts of drought because they rely on primary production and water-intensive industries,3,4 as well as to the health effects associated with difficulties in accessing health care.5
Prolonged drought may pose risks to both physical and mental health.1 Specific rural occupational health risks (eg, financial hardship) and moderating socio-demographic factors (eg, social capital) have been identified,1 as well as the impact of drought on social networks,6 which have been identified as being key modulators of mental health in rural communities,7 including among people in farming.8 Associations between suicide in rural areas and drought,9 socio-economic hardship,10 and financial strain among farmers11 have been reported. One investigation of the 2001–2007 Victorian drought did not detect such an association, but was limited by its short duration and the small number of relevant cases; its author suggested that drought should still be considered a suicide risk factor for farmers.12 Drought has also been linked with reduced help-seeking behaviour and unemployment.13
Moderate to high psychological distress among farmers,14 including drought as a source of stress,15 has been reported. One study,14 while acknowledging that a large proportion of the farming population are men, did not specifically examine sex as a factor. The association between drought and mental health in women in drought-affected areas is not well researched.16
Quantifying the impact of drought on the mental health of farmers and the factors mediating these effects are largely unexplored. Few epidemiological studies have examined specific drought characteristics as predictors of mental health outcomes,17 particularly in farming populations. Additionally, there has been little empirical research into the effects of long term climatic extremes such as drought, as investigations are usually focused on short term events such as floods and bushfires.
We therefore analysed data from the Australian Rural Mental Health Study (ARMHS), a longitudinal cohort investigation of the determinants of mental health in non-metropolitan New South Wales. Data were collected during 2007–2013, a period that included the Millennium Drought (1997–2010), which caused severe environmental, social, and economic losses.18
Our aim was to explore general and drought-related stress experienced by farmers at both the personal and community levels, and to establish whether socio-demographic and community factors influence this stress. The ARMHS dataset provides a unique resource for examining these factors, as data on a range of rural-specific personal, social and community factors were collected repeatedly during a period that included both dry and wet conditions. Our study built on previous analyses of cross-sectional data that assessed the perceived community and personal impacts of drought longitudinally.8
Setting and participants
The ARMHS was conducted in non-metropolitan NSW as defined by the Australian Standard Geographic Classification (ASGC) using Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA+) (Box 1).19 There were four waves of data collection during January 2007 – August 2013. Follow-ups at 1, 3 and 5 years consisted of single surveys, with an additional Water and Climate survey at 3 years. Three of the four ARMHS waves that included drought-related stress measures were analysed (baseline, 3- and 5-year follow-ups).
The study population comprised the subset of ARMHS participants who lived or worked on a farm ("farmers"). Living on a farm was determined by asking, "Do you currently live on a farm?" Participants were deemed to work on a farm if their self-reported occupation was categorised by the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations20 as "farmers and farm managers" or "farm, forestry and garden workers". To maximise the generalisability of our findings, we back-weighted our data to adjust for the geographic distribution of farmers in Australia; that is, we gave slightly less value to inner regional and slightly more to remote and very remote areas. Participants who did not provide a postcode or who resided in a postcode outside NSW were excluded, as were those who moved to a major city between survey waves or for whom data were incomplete. Data recorded included self-reported measures of current and past physical and mental health, health service use, and common determinants of mental health.21
Definition of drought
As the impacts of drought vary significantly by place and time, spatial analysis is required. Each of the four main types of drought (meteorological, agricultural, ecological and hydrological) influence environmental and socio-economic conditions in a unique manner.18 More than 100 drought indices are available, but there is no consensus about which is most appropriate for a given circumstance.22 In our investigation, we applied a simple measure of "meteorological drought", distinguishing between wet (non-drought) and dry conditions, as all types of drought are influenced by rainfall deficiencies.18
Drought conditions were assessed by comparing rainfall during the 12 months preceding the month in which a survey was completed with the long term average (1900–2016). For example, if the participant completed the survey in March 2008, mean monthly rainfall for March 2007 – February 2008 was expressed as a proportion of the long term average for March–February. Twelve months was chosen as the window to accommodate the time between ARMHS survey waves.
The three primary outcome measures were personal drought-related stress (PDS), community drought-related stress (CDS), and general psychological distress. PDS and CDS are novel ARMHS measures developed on the basis of initial qualitative research6 and rural community consultation during the development of the ARMHS study. Respondents were asked to rate their level of worry or stress about drought (single Likert scale item). Those who reported experiencing worry or stress were asked to indicate whether they had experienced specific drought-linked effects related to PDS and CDS. The PDS consists of six items, the CDS of five. Scores were generated by counting the number of "yes" responses (no weighting). General psychological distress was assessed with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10),23 a 10-item measure of general distress during the previous 4 weeks.
Further potential factors
Other potential factors — including neuroticism, adverse life events, social support, marital status, sense of community, and remoteness — relevant to the rural context and shown to contribute to drought-related stress and psychological distress were also assessed7,8 (Box 2).
Data were analysed in SPSS 24 (IBM). The primary method of data analysis was multivariate linear regression in the generalised estimating equations (GEE) framework. A negative binomial model with log link and multivariate adjustments was applied. This method is considered ideal for longitudinal analyses of data collected at multiple time points from the same participants.27 Separate GEEs including drought and the other factors described above were calculated for each of the outcomes (PDS, CDS, K10). Exponentiated estimates from the models may be interpreted as incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Statistical significance was defined as the 95% confidence interval [CI] for the IRR not including 1.0.
The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee at the University of Newcastle (reference, H-145-1105a).
The ARMHS sample selection process and characteristics have been reported previously.21 In brief, of 13 251 individuals invited to participate in the initial survey, 9681 individuals were deemed eligible; of these 2639 (from 1879 households) consented and completed the baseline survey (response rate, 27%). Our study population comprised at baseline 664 participants (473 households) who identified as living and/or working on a farm, and there were 1178 total responses across the three study waves (Box 3). Compared with participants who completed the baseline survey (Box 4), those who completed at least one follow-up survey were less likely to be aged 18–34 years (76% attrition rate; P = 0.015) and to work but not live on a farm (75% attrition rate; P = 0.042). Other demographic characteristics were statistically similar (data not shown).
The three major outcomes were found to be independent, with weak correlations between K10 scores and PDS (r = 0.25; P < 0.001) and CDS (r = 0.17; P < 0.001). The correlation between PDS and CDS was moderate (r = 0.66; P < 0.001).
The proportions of participants who experienced elements of PDS or CDS are shown in Box 5. Those who both lived and worked on a farm reported higher PDS (IRR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.32–1.72) than those who only lived or only worked on a farm (Box 6); the differences for CDS and K10 were not significant. Our findings were similar for both unweighted and back-weighted data.
In the weighted model, the incidence of PDS was lower following mild wet periods (compared with average rainfall: IRR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73–0.99) and that of psychological distress was higher (IRR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.01–2.69). The incidence of CDS was significantly increased by moderate dry (IRR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.05–1.50) and moderate wet weather (IRR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.03–1.57), and reduced by mild wet weather (IRR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72–0.97) (Box 6). Postcode areas in which average CDS was equal to or above the average (2.5) for total CDS by drought condition are depicted in the online Appendix, figure 1. No participants experienced "extreme dry" conditions during the study period.
Sex was not significantly related to drought-related stress, but men experienced significantly greater psychological distress. In contrast, 18–34-year-old farmers reported higher PDS and CDS scores than older respondents. The incidence of psychological distress was also significantly lower for participants aged 55 or more (Box 6).
The incidence of PDS was lower among retired than employed participants, and both PDS and psychological distress were lower among "prosperous" or "very comfortable" participants than for less financially secure respondents. Having experienced 4–6 adverse life events was associated with greater PDS, CDS and psychological distress. Never having married was associated with less PDS (Box 6).
Compared with inner regional areas, PDS was greater for participants in outer regional (IRR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.59–2.23), remote (IRR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.65–2.48) and very remote (IRR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.97–3.30) areas. Similarly, CDS was greater in outer regional (IRR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.76–2.38), remote (IRR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.83–2.58) and very remote (IRR, 2.80; 95% CI, 2.26–3.47) areas than in inner regional areas, but general psychological distress was not influenced by remoteness (Box 6). Postcode areas in which average CDS was equal to or above the average (2.5) for total CDS are depicted by remoteness class in online Appendix, figure 2. Sense of place and of community did not influence PDS or CDS, but greater sense of community was associated with reduced general distress.
Higher trait neuroticism was associated with greater psychological distress, while good, very good or excellent overall mental health and relationships were associated with lower general distress (Box 6).
Farmers who were under 35, both lived and worked on a farm, experienced greater financial hardship, and were in outer regional, remote or very remote NSW more frequently reported drought-related stress. This stress included worry about the impacts of drought on themselves and on their families and communities, and was influenced by socio-demographic and community factors that were different from the factors that influenced the incidence of general psychological distress. An earlier analysis of baseline cross-sectional ARMHS data found that only 9.8% of respondents in areas of high drought exposure with high levels of drought-related concerns had high K10 scores.8
Young people in rural communities are a vulnerable group with regard to mental health. It has been reported27 that unemployed young people in rural and remote NSW were 12 times as likely to experience distress as employed people of the same age after controlling for financial security, sex, and relationship status. Younger people in rural areas are more likely to experience constriction of their social network as peers relocate for employment and educational opportunities.28 Our findings underscore the importance of employment and social networks as protective factors for farmers in drought-affected areas. Understanding the relationship between drought, distress, and young people will enable programs and initiatives for promoting mental health among farmers to be targeted.
Moderately dry, mild dry, and moderately wet conditions were related to higher incidence of CDS, while mild wet conditions were associated with greater incidence of all three outcomes. The association between higher levels of drought-related stress and wet conditions is possibly related to much of the study area receiving high rainfall during September–November 2010, and suggests drought-related stress persists beyond the end of the drought.
The incidence of PDS was significantly greater for farmers who both lived and worked on a farm than for those who only worked or lived on one. For farmers, work and home are intimately linked, and drought adds another layer of complexity to their occupational, financial, community and personal stressors. The influence of adverse life events on PDS and CDS is consistent with drought compounding existing stress or contributing to adverse events — such as illness or injury to oneself or a close relative, marital separation, unemployment, and major financial crisis3 — by causing financial hardship, relationship strain, and risk of injury related to taking on physical tasks following the loss of other farm workers.6
Isolation further complicates the rural experience, with increased remoteness related to higher incidence of PDS and CDS. Remote areas experience drought more frequently than urban areas, as well as facing greater challenges related to water availability.3,4,18 Remoteness also affects the social networks that are essential for resilience and capacity building.15
Lower financial security was associated with higher incidence of PDS. Rural areas are experiencing increased demand for social security support,3 but many people do not seek financial assistance because of the perceived stigma associated with support and their qualities of resilience and stoicism. In the course of previous studies in rural and remote areas,3,4 we consistently heard that reduced financial security, lower resilience, and the pressures of family and relationships had a greater impact on younger and newer farmers.
Our findings regarding the differences in factors that influence PDS, CDS and general distress confirm previous cross-sectional analyses of baseline drought items data;8 that is, drought-related stress may contribute to general psychological distress, but is distinguishable from it.8 The slow onset of the impact of drought contrasts with the immediate effects of extremes such as cyclones and floods. Investigation of modulators of drought-related stress could inform community-based strategies for alleviating stress, promote drought preparedness, and guide community and government agencies providing support for people in rural areas.29 General practitioners are in a unique position to contribute to programs and initiatives for relieving stress related to climate adversity and for supporting farmers experiencing stress.30 Educating general practitioners about drought and stress in farming communities, as well as about practical approaches to supporting farmer health and safety, is critical.29
Study limitations include our application of a meteorological definition of drought. The impact of other types of drought (hydrological, agricultural) on drought-related stress among farmers should also be examined. The effects of different drought durations and the fluctuation between wet and dry epochs should also be investigated. Another limitation was that it was difficult to identify people who do not live on farms but had lost farm employment because of drought, exacerbating the consequences for rural communities of the financial and social impact of drought.
Farmers in NSW experience significant stress related to the impact of drought. Farmers who live and work on a farm, are younger, have less financial security, or are located remotely require particular support. Improving the mental health of farmers may enhance their adaptive capacity and resilience. We did not identify sex differences in PDS and CDS, but differences in the manner in which men and women seek help, discuss and understand problems, and engage in support networks and services should nonetheless be considered by initiatives for relieving drought-related stress.5 Programs of support for drought-affected communities should incorporate an understanding of the relationship between drought and mental health, and take factors into account that influence PDS and CDS.
Box 1 – Location of the study participants by postcode and Australian Standard Geographic Classification remoteness class
Box 2 – Measures of factors that potentially influence stress in people in rural communities
Self-reported demographic information: age, sex, marital status, employment status, education, financial position
Self-rating of overall physical health, mental health, and relationships
Five-point Likert scale, from "poor" to "excellent"
Personality (predisposition to distress)
Validated seven-item neuroticism subscale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, short form (EPQN)8
Adverse life events during previous 12 months
List of Threatening Experiences24
Connectedness to the local community (feeling that members belong and are important, and that their needs will be met through their commitment to the community)
Sense of Community Index;25 Sense of Place scale26
Box 3 – Flow of study participants through the Australian Rural Mental Health Study waves
Box 4 – Socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants at baseline
Total number of participants
Farm status
Live and work
Employed/home duties/studying
Unemployed/unable to work
Prosperous/very comfortable
Reasonably comfortable
Just getting along/poor/very poor
Completed school
Partial schooling
Completed high school or higher
Married/de facto
Separated/divorced
Remoteness (Australian Standard Geographic Classification)
Inner regional
Outer regional
Very remote
Box 5 – Proportions of participants who experienced items of personal or community drought-related stress
Personal drought-related stress (PDS)
Has drought had any of these effects on you and your family?
Money/financial pressures
Business pressures
Loss of contact with friends
Not going out as much
More work to do
Less time for family
PDS score,* mean (SD)
Community drought-related stress (CDS)
Has drought had any of these effects on the district where you live?
People leaving the area
Losing business and services in town
Not getting together as much
Countryside has changed
Reduced water quality
CDS score,* mean (SD)
SD = standard deviation. * Individual items were summed to give total scores.
Box 6 – Socio-demographic and drought conditions affecting drought-related stress and general psychological distress in farmers in rural New South Wales
Personal drought-related stress
Community drought-related stress
Psychological distress (K10)
Unweighted
IRR (95% CI)
Farmer status
Live on farm
Work on farm
0.99 (0.67–1.48)
0.90 (0.62–1.3)
Live and work on farm
Drought condition (rainfall during 12 months prior to survey as proportion of long term average [1900–2016])
Moderate dry (> 30–60%)
4.55 (0.55–38.0)
Mild dry (> 60–90%)
Average (> 90–120%)
Mild wet (> 120–150%)
Moderate wet (> 150–180%)
Extreme wet (> 180%)
Adverse life events
6.14 (0.33–115)
Below median
Median or above
Overall physical health
Poor/fair
Good/very good/excellent
Overall mental health
Overall relationships
Trait neuroticism: EPQN score, per one-point increase in score
CI = confidence interval; EPQN = neuroticism subscale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, short form; IRR = incidence rate ratio. Total number of respondents: 664; total number of responses, 1178. Analysis was adjusted for study phase, participant identification, and household identification, and for other factors in table.
Received 5 December 2017, accepted 30 April 2018
Emma K Austin1
Tonelle Handley2,3
Anthony S Kiem1
Jane L Rich3,4
Terry J Lewin3,5
Hedda H Askland6
Sara S Askarimarnani1
David A Perkins2
Brian J Kelly3
1 Centre for Water, Climate and Land, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW
2 Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Orange, NSW
3 University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW
4 Centre for Resources Health and Safety, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW
5 Hunter New England Mental Health, Newcastle, NSW
6 Centre for Social Research and Regional Futures, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW
Correspondence: emma.austin@newcastle.edu.au
We are grateful to the ARMHS participants for contributing their time to the study. The ARMHS was funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (401241, 631061), and was also supported by the Australian Rural Health Research Collaboration. Emma Austin was supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. We thank Olivier Rey-Lescure (University of Newcastle) for technical assistance with mapping.
No relevant disclosures.
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The Friends of the Hershey Trolley (FOHT) and Hershey Entertainment & Resorts Co. (HE&R), the parent company of Hersheypark, have announced that they will be working together to restore the Hershey Park Miniature Railroad train for display in the community. This little gem operated in Hershey Park* from 1910 until 1970**. Brad Ginder and Jay Robertson are co-chairmen of the restoration project and are seeking volunteers to assist with woodworking and refinishing; volunteers also are needed to assist with research and with photo and history archiving. HE&R has made an initial donation for materials and is providing the workspace for the restoration.
FOHT is a committee of The Hershey-Derry Township Historical Society. Its mission is the education and preservation of the Hershey Transit trolley system that ran from 1904 to 1946.
* Hershey Park was renamed Hersheypark in 1971.
** Miniature Railroad actually operated through the 1971 season.
Original located on Hershey Transit.org website.