text:
import {_TextDecoder, _TextEncoder} from 'custom_utils';

import {defer, Deferred} from '../../base/deferred';
import {assertExists, assertFalse, assertTrue} from '../../base/logging';
import {CmdType} from '../../controller/adb_interfaces';

import {AdbConnectionImpl} from './adb_connection_impl';
import {AdbKeyManager, maybeStoreKey} from './auth/adb_key_manager';
import {
  RecordingError,
  wrapRecordingError,
} from './recording_error_handling';
import {
  ByteStream,
  OnStreamCloseCallback,
  OnStreamDataCallback,
} from './recording_interfaces_v2';
import {ALLOW_USB_DEBUGGING, findInterfaceAndEndpoint} from './recording_utils';

const textEncoder = new _TextEncoder();
const textDecoder = new _TextDecoder();

export const VERSION_WITH_CHECKSUM = 0x01000000;
export const VERSION_NO_CHECKSUM = 0x01000001;
export const DEFAULT_MAX_PAYLOAD_BYTES = 256 * 1024;

export enum AdbState {
  DISCONNECTED = 0,
  // Authentication steps, see AdbConnectionOverWebUsb's handleAuthentication().
  AUTH_STARTED = 1,
  AUTH_WITH_PRIVATE = 2,
  AUTH_WITH_PUBLIC = 3,

  CONNECTED = 4,
}

enum AuthCmd {
  TOKEN = 1,
  SIGNATURE = 2,
  RSAPUBLICKEY = 3,
}

function generateChecksum(data: Uint8Array): number {
  let res = 0;
  for (let i = 0; i < data.byteLength; i++) res += data[i];
  return res & 0xFFFFFFFF;
}

// Message to be written to the adb connection. Contains the message itself
// and the corresponding stream identifier.
interface WriteQueueElement {
  message: Uint8Array;
  localStreamId: number;
}

export class AdbConnectionOverWebusb extends AdbConnectionImpl {
  private state: AdbState = AdbState.DISCONNECTED;
  private connectingStreams = new Map<number, Deferred<AdbOverWebusbStream>>();
  private streams = new Set<AdbOverWebusbStream>();
  private maxPayload = DEFAULT_MAX_PAYLOAD_BYTES;
  private writeInProgress = false;
  private writeQueue: WriteQueueElement[] = [];

  // Devices after Dec 2017 don't use checksum. This will be auto-detected
  // during the connection.
  private useChecksum = true;

  private lastStreamId = 0;
  private usbInterfaceNumber?: number;
  private usbReadEndpoint = -1;
  private usbWriteEpEndpoint = -1;
  private isUsbReceiveLoopRunning = false;

  private pendingConnPromises: Array<Deferred<void>> = [];

  // We use a key pair for authenticating with the device, which we do in
  // two ways:
  // - Firstly, signing with the private key.
  // - Secondly, sending over the public key (at which point the device asks the
  //   user for permissions).
  // Once we've sent the public key, for future recordings we only need to
  // sign with the private key, so the user doesn't need to give permissions
  // again.
  constructor(private device: USBDevice, private keyManager: AdbKeyManager) {
    super();
  }

  shell(cmd: string): Promise<AdbOverWebusbStream> {
    return this.openStream('shell:' + cmd);
  }

  connectSocket(path: string): Promise<AdbOverWebusbStream> {
    return this.openStream(path);
  }

  async canConnectWithoutContention(): Promise<boolean> {
    await this.device.open();
    const usbInterfaceNumber = await this.setupUsbInterface();
    try {
      await this.device.claimInterface(usbInterfaceNumber);
      await this.device.releaseInterface(usbInterfaceNumber);
      return true;
    } catch (e) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  protected async openStream(destination: string):
      Promise<AdbOverWebusbStream> {
    const streamId = ++this.lastStreamId;
    const connectingStream = defer<AdbOverWebusbStream>();
    this.connectingStreams.set(streamId, connectingStream);
    // We create the stream before trying to establish the connection, so
    // that if we fail to connect, we will reject the connecting stream.
    await this.ensureConnectionEstablished();
    await this.sendMessage('OPEN', streamId, 0, destination);
    return connectingStream;
  }

  private async ensureConnectionEstablished(): Promise<void> {
    if (this.state === AdbState.CONNECTED) {
      return;
    }

    if (this.state === AdbState.DISCONNECTED) {
      await this.device.open();
      if (!(await this.canConnectWithoutContention())) {
        await this.device.reset();
      }
      const usbInterfaceNumber = await this.setupUsbInterface();
      await this.device.claimInterface(usbInterfaceNumber);
    }

    await this.startAdbAuth();
    if (!this.isUsbReceiveLoopRunning) {
      this.usbReceiveLoop();
    }
    const connPromise = defer<void>();
    this.pendingConnPromises.push(connPromise);
    await connPromise;
  }

  private async setupUsbInterface(): Promise<number> {
    const interfaceAndEndpoint = findInterfaceAndEndpoint(this.device);
    // `findInterfaceAndEndpoint` will always return a non-null value because
    // we check for this in 'android_webusb_target_factory'. If no interface and
    // endpoints are found, we do not create a target, so we can not connect to
    // it, so we will never reach this logic.
    const {configurationValue, usbInterfaceNumber, endpoints} =
        assertExists(interfaceAndEndpoint);
    this.usbInterfaceNumber = usbInterfaceNumber;
    this.usbReadEndpoint = this.findEndpointNumber(endpoints, 'in');
    this.usbWriteEpEndpoint = this.findEndpointNumber(endpoints, 'out');
    assertTrue(this.usbReadEndpoint >= 0 && this.usbWriteEpEndpoint >= 0);
    await this.device.selectConfiguration(configurationValue);
    return usbInterfaceNumber;
  }

  async streamClose(stream: AdbOverWebusbStream): Promise<void> {
    const otherStreamsQueue = this.writeQueue.filter(
        (queueElement) => queueElement.localStreamId !== stream.localStreamId);
    const droppedPacketCount =
        this.writeQueue.length - otherStreamsQueue.length;
    if (droppedPacketCount > 0) {
      console.debug(`Dropping ${
          droppedPacketCount} queued messages due to stream closing.`);
      this.writeQueue = otherStreamsQueue;
    }

    this.streams.delete(stream);
    if (this.streams.size === 0) {
      // We disconnect BEFORE calling `signalStreamClosed`. Otherwise, there can
      // be a race condition:
      // Stream A: streamA.onStreamClose
      // Stream B: device.open
      // Stream A: device.releaseInterface
      // Stream B: device.transferOut -> CRASH
      await this.disconnect();
    }
    stream.signalStreamClosed();
  }

  streamWrite(msg: string|Uint8Array, stream: AdbOverWebusbStream): void {
    const raw = (typeof msg === 'string') ? textEncoder.encode(msg) : msg;
    if (this.writeInProgress) {
      this.writeQueue.push({message: raw, localStreamId: stream.localStreamId});
      return;
    }
    this.writeInProgress = true;
    this.sendMessage('WRTE', stream.localStreamId, stream.remoteStreamId, raw);
  }

  // We disconnect in 2 cases:
  // 1. When we close the last stream of the connection. This is to prevent the
  // browser holding onto the USB interface after having finished a trace
  // recording, which would make it impossible to use "adb shell" from the same
  // machine until the browser is closed.
  // 2. When we get a USB disconnect event. This happens for instance when the
  // device is unplugged.
  async disconnect(disconnectMessage?: string): Promise<void> {
    if (this.state === AdbState.DISCONNECTED) {
      return;
    }
    // Clear the resources in a synchronous method, because this can be used
    // for error handling callbacks as well.
    this.reachDisconnectState(disconnectMessage);

    // We have already disconnected so there is no need to pass a callback
    // which clears resources or notifies the user into 'wrapRecordingError'.
    await wrapRecordingError(
        this.device.releaseInterface(assertExists(this.usbInterfaceNumber)),
        () => {});
    this.usbInterfaceNumber = undefined;
  }

  // This is a synchronous method which clears all resources.
  // It can be used as a callback for error handling.
  reachDisconnectState(disconnectMessage?: string): void {
    // We need to delete the streams BEFORE checking the Adb state because:
    //
    // We create streams before changing the Adb state from DISCONNECTED.
    // In case we can not claim the device, we will create a stream, but fail
    // to connect to the WebUSB device so the state will remain DISCONNECTED.
    const streamsToDelete = this.connectingStreams.entries();
    // Clear the streams before rejecting so we are not caught in a loop of
    // handling promise rejections.
    this.connectingStreams.clear();
    for (const [id, stream] of streamsToDelete) {
      stream.reject(
          `Failed to open stream with id ${id} because adb was disconnected.`);
    }

    if (this.state === AdbState.DISCONNECTED) {
      return;
    }

    this.state = AdbState.DISCONNECTED;
    this.writeInProgress = false;

    this.writeQueue = [];

    this.streams.forEach((stream) => stream.close());
    this.onDisconnect(disconnectMessage);
  }

  private async startAdbAuth(): Promise<void> {
    const VERSION =
        this.useChecksum ? VERSION_WITH_CHECKSUM : VERSION_NO_CHECKSUM;
    this.state = AdbState.AUTH_STARTED;
    await this.sendMessage('CNXN', VERSION, this.maxPayload, 'host:1:UsbADB');
  }

  private findEndpointNumber(
      endpoints: USBEndpoint[], direction: 'out'|'in', type = 'bulk'): number {
    const ep =
        endpoints.find((ep) => ep.type === type && ep.direction === direction);

    if (ep) return ep.endpointNumber;

    throw new RecordingError(`Cannot find ${direction} endpoint`);
  }

  private async usbReceiveLoop(): Promise<void> {
    assertFalse(this.isUsbReceiveLoopRunning);
    this.isUsbReceiveLoopRunning = true;
    for (; this.state !== AdbState.DISCONNECTED;) {
      const res = await this.wrapUsb(
          this.device.transferIn(this.usbReadEndpoint, ADB_MSG_SIZE));
      if (!res) {
        this.isUsbReceiveLoopRunning = false;
        return;
      }
      if (res.status !== 'ok') {
        // Log and ignore messages with invalid status. These can occur
        // when the device is connected/disconnected repeatedly.
        console.error(
            `Received message with unexpected status '${res.status}'`);
        continue;
      }

      const msg = AdbMsg.decodeHeader(res.data!);
      if (msg.dataLen > 0) {
        const resp = await this.wrapUsb(
            this.device.transferIn(this.usbReadEndpoint, msg.dataLen));
        if (!resp) {
          this.isUsbReceiveLoopRunning = false;
          return;
        }
        msg.data = new Uint8Array(
            resp.data!.buffer, resp.data!.byteOffset, resp.data!.byteLength);
      }

      if (this.useChecksum && generateChecksum(msg.data) !== msg.dataChecksum) {
        // We ignore messages with an invalid checksum. These sometimes appear
        // when the page is re-loaded in a middle of a recording.
        continue;
      }
      // The server can still send messages streams for previous streams.
      // This happens for instance if we record, reload the recording page and
      // then record again. We can also receive a 'WRTE' or 'OKAY' after
      // we have sent a 'CLSE' and marked the state as disconnected.
      if ((msg.cmd === 'CLSE' || msg.cmd === 'WRTE') &&
          !this.getStreamForLocalStreamId(msg.arg1)) {
        continue;
      } else if (
          msg.cmd === 'OKAY' && !this.connectingStreams.has(msg.arg1) &&
          !this.getStreamForLocalStreamId(msg.arg1)) {
        continue;
      } else if (
          msg.cmd === 'AUTH' && msg.arg0 === AuthCmd.TOKEN &&
          this.state === AdbState.AUTH_WITH_PUBLIC) {
        // If we start a recording but fail because of a faulty physical
        // connection to the device, when we start a new recording, we will
        // received multiple AUTH tokens, of which we should ignore all but
        // one.
        continue;
      }

      // handle the ADB message from the device
      if (msg.cmd === 'CLSE') {
        assertExists(this.getStreamForLocalStreamId(msg.arg1)).close();
      } else if (msg.cmd === 'AUTH' && msg.arg0 === AuthCmd.TOKEN) {
        const key = await this.keyManager.getKey();
        if (this.state === AdbState.AUTH_STARTED) {
          // During this step, we send back the token received signed with our
          // private key. If the device has previously received our public key,
          // the dialog asking for user confirmation will not be displayed on
          // the device.
          this.state = AdbState.AUTH_WITH_PRIVATE;
          await this.sendMessage(
              'AUTH', AuthCmd.SIGNATURE, 0, key.sign(msg.data));
        } else {
          // If our signature with the private key is not accepted by the
          // device, we generate a new keypair and send the public key.
          this.state = AdbState.AUTH_WITH_PUBLIC;
          await this.sendMessage(
              'AUTH', AuthCmd.RSAPUBLICKEY, 0, key.getPublicKey() + '\0');
          this.onStatus(ALLOW_USB_DEBUGGING);
          await maybeStoreKey(key);
        }
      } else if (msg.cmd === 'CNXN') {
        assertTrue(
            [AdbState.AUTH_WITH_PRIVATE, AdbState.AUTH_WITH_PUBLIC].includes(
                this.state));
        this.state = AdbState.CONNECTED;
        this.maxPayload = msg.arg1;

        const deviceVersion = msg.arg0;

        if (![VERSION_WITH_CHECKSUM, VERSION_NO_CHECKSUM].includes(
                deviceVersion)) {
          throw new RecordingError(`Version ${msg.arg0} not supported.`);
        }
        this.useChecksum = deviceVersion === VERSION_WITH_CHECKSUM;
        this.state = AdbState.CONNECTED;

        // This will resolve the promises awaited by
        // "ensureConnectionEstablished".
        this.pendingConnPromises.forEach(
            (connPromise) => connPromise.resolve());
        this.pendingConnPromises = [];
      } else if (msg.cmd === 'OKAY') {
        if (this.connectingStreams.has(msg.arg1)) {
          const connectingStream =
              assertExists(this.connectingStreams.get(msg.arg1));
          const stream = new AdbOverWebusbStream(this, msg.arg1, msg.arg0);
          this.streams.add(stream);
          this.connectingStreams.delete(msg.arg1);
          connectingStream.resolve(stream);
        } else {
          assertTrue(this.writeInProgress);
          this.writeInProgress = false;
          for (; this.writeQueue.length;) {
            // We go through the queued writes and choose the first one
            // corresponding to a stream that's still active.
            const queuedElement = assertExists(this.writeQueue.shift());
            const queuedStream =
                this.getStreamForLocalStreamId(queuedElement.localStreamId);
            if (queuedStream) {
              queuedStream.write(queuedElement.message);
              break;
            }
          }
        }
      } else if (msg.cmd === 'WRTE') {
        const stream = assertExists(this.getStreamForLocalStreamId(msg.arg1));
        await this.sendMessage(
            'OKAY', stream.localStreamId, stream.remoteStreamId);
        stream.signalStreamData(msg.data);
      } else {
        this.isUsbReceiveLoopRunning = false;
        throw new RecordingError(
            `Unexpected message ${msg} in state ${this.state}`);
      }
    }
    this.isUsbReceiveLoopRunning = false;
  }

  private getStreamForLocalStreamId(localStreamId: number): AdbOverWebusbStream
      |undefined {
    for (const stream of this.streams) {
      if (stream.localStreamId === localStreamId) {
        return stream;
      }
    }
    return undefined;
  }

  //  The header and the message data must be sent consecutively. Using 2 awaits
  //  Another message can interleave after the first header has been sent,
  //  resulting in something like [header1] [header2] [data1] [data2];
  //  In this way we are waiting both promises to be resolved before continuing.
  private async sendMessage(
      cmd: CmdType, arg0: number, arg1: number,
      data?: Uint8Array|string): Promise<void> {
    const msg =
        AdbMsg.create({cmd, arg0, arg1, data, useChecksum: this.useChecksum});

    const msgHeader = msg.encodeHeader();
    const msgData = msg.data;
    assertTrue(
        msgHeader.length <= this.maxPayload &&
        msgData.length <= this.maxPayload);

    const sendPromises = [this.wrapUsb(
        this.device.transferOut(this.usbWriteEpEndpoint, msgHeader.buffer))];
    if (msg.data.length > 0) {
      sendPromises.push(this.wrapUsb(
          this.device.transferOut(this.usbWriteEpEndpoint, msgData.buffer)));
    }
    await Promise.all(sendPromises);
  }

  private wrapUsb<T>(promise: Promise<T>): Promise<T|undefined> {
    return wrapRecordingError(promise, this.reachDisconnectState.bind(this));
  }
}

// An AdbOverWebusbStream is instantiated after the creation of a socket to the
// device. Thanks to this, we can send commands and receive their output.
// Messages are received in the main adb class, and are forwarded to an instance
// of this class based on a stream id match.
export class AdbOverWebusbStream implements ByteStream {
  private adbConnection: AdbConnectionOverWebusb;
  private _isConnected: boolean;
  private onStreamDataCallbacks: OnStreamDataCallback[] = [];
  private onStreamCloseCallbacks: OnStreamCloseCallback[] = [];
  localStreamId: number;
  remoteStreamId = -1;

  constructor(
      adb: AdbConnectionOverWebusb, localStreamId: number,
      remoteStreamId: number) {
    this.adbConnection = adb;
    this.localStreamId = localStreamId;
    this.remoteStreamId = remoteStreamId;
    // When the stream is created, the connection has been already established.
    this._isConnected = true;
  }

  addOnStreamDataCallback(onStreamData: OnStreamDataCallback): void {
    this.onStreamDataCallbacks.push(onStreamData);
  }

  addOnStreamCloseCallback(onStreamClose: OnStreamCloseCallback): void {
    this.onStreamCloseCallbacks.push(onStreamClose);
  }

  // Used by the connection object to signal newly received data, not exposed
  // in the interface.
  signalStreamData(data: Uint8Array): void {
    for (const onStreamData of this.onStreamDataCallbacks) {
      onStreamData(data);
    }
  }

  // Used by the connection object to signal the stream is closed, not exposed
  // in the interface.
  signalStreamClosed(): void {
    for (const onStreamClose of this.onStreamCloseCallbacks) {
      onStreamClose();
    }
    this.onStreamDataCallbacks = [];
    this.onStreamCloseCallbacks = [];
  }

  close(): void {
    this.closeAndWaitForTeardown();
  }

  async closeAndWaitForTeardown(): Promise<void> {
    this._isConnected = false;
    await this.adbConnection.streamClose(this);
  }

  write(msg: string|Uint8Array): void {
    this.adbConnection.streamWrite(msg, this);
  }

  isConnected(): boolean {
    return this._isConnected;
  }
}

const ADB_MSG_SIZE = 6 * 4;  // 6 * int32.

class AdbMsg {
  data: Uint8Array;
  readonly cmd: CmdType;
  readonly arg0: number;
  readonly arg1: number;
  readonly dataLen: number;
  readonly dataChecksum: number;
  readonly useChecksum: boolean;

  constructor(
      cmd: CmdType, arg0: number, arg1: number, dataLen: number,
      dataChecksum: number, useChecksum = false) {
    assertTrue(cmd.length === 4);
    this.cmd = cmd;
    this.arg0 = arg0;
    this.arg1 = arg1;
    this.dataLen = dataLen;
    this.data = new Uint8Array(dataLen);
    this.dataChecksum = dataChecksum;
    this.useChecksum = useChecksum;
  }

  static create({cmd, arg0, arg1, data, useChecksum = true}: {
    cmd: CmdType; arg0: number; arg1: number;
    data?: Uint8Array | string;
    useChecksum?: boolean;
  }): AdbMsg {
    const encodedData = this.encodeData(data);
    const msg = new AdbMsg(cmd, arg0, arg1, encodedData.length, 0, useChecksum);
    msg.data = encodedData;
    return msg;
  }

  get dataStr() {
    return textDecoder.decode(this.data);
  }

  toString() {
    return `${this.cmd} [${this.arg0},${this.arg1}] ${this.dataStr}`;
  }

  // A brief description of the message can be found here:
  // https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/master/adb/protocol.txt
  //
  // struct amessage {
  //     uint32_t command;    // command identifier constant
  //     uint32_t arg0;       // first argument
  //     uint32_t arg1;       // second argument
  //     uint32_t data_length;// length of payload (0 is allowed)
  //     uint32_t data_check; // checksum of data payload
  //     uint32_t magic;      // command ^ 0xffffffff
  // };
  static decodeHeader(dv: DataView): AdbMsg {
    assertTrue(dv.byteLength === ADB_MSG_SIZE);
    const cmd = textDecoder.decode(dv.buffer.slice(0, 4)) as CmdType;
    const cmdNum = dv.getUint32(0, true);
    const arg0 = dv.getUint32(4, true);
    const arg1 = dv.getUint32(8, true);
    const dataLen = dv.getUint32(12, true);
    const dataChecksum = dv.getUint32(16, true);
    const cmdChecksum = dv.getUint32(20, true);
    assertTrue(cmdNum === (cmdChecksum ^ 0xFFFFFFFF));
    return new AdbMsg(cmd, arg0, arg1, dataLen, dataChecksum);
  }

  encodeHeader(): Uint8Array {
    const buf = new Uint8Array(ADB_MSG_SIZE);
    const dv = new DataView(buf.buffer);
    const cmdBytes: Uint8Array = textEncoder.encode(this.cmd);
    const rawMsg = AdbMsg.encodeData(this.data);
    const checksum = this.useChecksum ? generateChecksum(rawMsg) : 0;
    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) dv.setUint8(i, cmdBytes[i]);

    dv.setUint32(4, this.arg0, true);
    dv.setUint32(8, this.arg1, true);
    dv.setUint32(12, rawMsg.byteLength, true);
    dv.setUint32(16, checksum, true);
    dv.setUint32(20, dv.getUint32(0, true) ^ 0xFFFFFFFF, true);

    return buf;
  }

  static encodeData(data?: Uint8Array|string): Uint8Array {
    if (data === undefined) return new Uint8Array([]);
    if (typeof data === 'string') return textEncoder.encode(data + '\0');
    return data;
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Controversial Celine Designer In Rare Interview
Story from Fashion
Celine's Hedi Slimane Gives Rare Interview — Here's 9 Takeaways
Fashion is in flux, and designers hot-footing it from one brand to another isn't out of the ordinary. And yet many publicly mourned the departure of Phoebe Philo from Céline after a decade as the brand's creative director, even before knowing who would be her replacement. She's credited with creating a kind of intelligent dressing that touched all areas of the industry: If you've worn Stan Smiths with trousers, tucked your hair into a turtleneck, or sported a silk pajama shirt outside the bedroom, you've been influenced by Philo's vision.
So when it was announced that Hedi Slimane — the French Tunisian designer responsible for Dior Homme's hard-edged, sexed-up, 'heroin chic' aesthetic — would be taking the mantle, Philophiles (the name given to Philo's dedicated fashion disciples) were understandably shook. There's a pretty stark contrast between the two designers' creative outputs. While Philo was all about the smart, cool, and contemporary woman, Slimane looked to the darkly sexy underworld of clubs and punk.
Slimane's first moves as Celine's artistic, creative, and image director haven't been without drama. On September 2, he introduced the new brand logo via Instagram, reducing the spacing between letters and removing the accent, an homage to the brand's 1960s "original, historical version" and a modernist typography dating from around 1930. Fans reacted with outrage, perhaps naively, considering Slimane's removal of the 'Yves' from Saint Laurent during his tenure there. The whole debacle turned into a rather hilarious Instagram sensation, with the likes of Diet Prada documenting rogue accents being added back to the new logo on campaign posters during New York and London Fashion Weeks.
The New Céline Logo Is Here & Twitter Has Opinions
Lady Gaga Gives A First Look At The New Céline
Hedi Slimane's New Céline Is Almost Here
While speculation has been rife regarding Slimane and the new Celine, the designer himself is a man of very few words. In his 20-odd-year career, he's given a handful of interviews, and the mystery – bar a few campaign images and a handbag spotted on Lady Gaga's arm — ahead of his debut collection on Friday, has the whole industry on edge. In an unprecedented move, though, Slimane has given an interview to French newspaper Le Figaro, translated by Business of Fashion, in which he reveals — in rather philosophical fashion — his vision for the brand, his influencers, and his way of working.
Here are nine things we learned about Slimane and the new Celine, from how Donald Trump has made him reconsider his Californian home to whether he'll be sticking with that androgynous aesthetic.
PARIS 28 SEPTEMBRE 2018 ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ #CELINEBYHEDISLIMANE
A post shared by CELINE (@celine) on Sep 3, 2018 at 11:01am PDT
California or Paris?
Slimane has lived in California since 2008, but the changing political scene there may well draw him to Celine's home in Paris. "[I was] already very attracted to Los Angeles, where I used to go regularly since the end of the 1990s," he explained. "I would start all my Dior collections there in my hotel room...There was no creative or artistic stimulation yet, nor was there a rise of a strong music taste. This became clearer later, after 2008. Barack Obama's presidential victory played an important role. It boded well for the future. On the contrary, Donald Trump's election created quite a strong uncertain environment that is hard to escape."
He'll follow Philo's tenure with respect but change.
Acknowledging the stark contrast between their aesthetics, Slimane said, "Besides, we don't enter a fashion house to imitate our predecessor, much less to take over the essence of their work, their codes, and their elements of language... It also means starting a new chapter. We arrive then with our own stories, our own culture, a personal semantic that is different from the ones of houses in which we create. We have to be ourselves, without any stance, against all odds." He notes that because the house isn't as old as Dior or Saint Laurent, it will be easier to "break free of...the weight of the past."
While he'll be starting afresh with the brand, he doesn't intend to erase its history. "The goal is not to go the opposite way of their work either. It would be a misinterpretation. Respect means preserving the integrity of each individual, recognizing the things that belong to another person with honesty and discernment."
A post shared by CELINE (@celine) on Sep 11, 2018 at 2:39pm PDT
Nightlife is still on the agenda.
What goes on after dark, behind club doors has always fascinated Slimane, and this shows no sign of waning at Celine. "I infinitely like Paris by night. I grew up between the Palace theatre and Les Bains-Douches. It's a pity that the city seems determined to close down interesting places like these and turn its back to the world of the Parisian night," he said. "The lights still remain, though. The lamp posts working their magic, the neons in the cafés, the sparkling Parisian youth and the energy of the streets."
The invitations for Friday's debut show? A bound book of photographs of 10 of Paris' most legendary haunts, from La Cigale to Pile au Face — a sign of things to come.
Removing Celine's accent was about shaking things up.
Denying that changing the brand's logo was "marking my territory," Slimane said he expected it to cause a reaction. "Nowadays [this reaction is] even more present due to the viral effect of social media. It's normal. It was anticipated but it had to be done." His reason for doing so, he explains, is about evolution and debate. "The major houses are alive. They must evolve and find the essence of what they truly are. Everything but indifference. We don't shake things up to be subtle. When there's no debate, it means there's no opinion, which brings us to blind conformity."
A post shared by CELINE (@celine) on Sep 13, 2018 at 12:33pm PDT
He's remaining faithful to his signature aesthetic.
When asked whether he'll be able to stand by his androgynous style when so many collections are mixed gender now, he likens his work to big changes in silhouettes affected by the likes of Christian Dior and Yves Saint Laurent. "I stand firm on my principles. Why would I give up on what defines me? Becoming someone else on the grounds that what I have done in the past has been accepted or emulated? Historically speaking, as soon as the silhouette is modified, the reactions are always very sensitive. I think about Christian Dior's 'New Look' or Yves Saint Laurent's 'Libération' collection in 1971. A guideline, it's always taboo, and yet, it's at the start of everything."
And his inspiration for that slim-fit, almost genderless aesthetic came from wanting to deconstruct accepted masculinity.
"Twenty years ago I put back the shoulders where they should be, and I redefined a line...I have always thought about masculinity as being represented in other ways than in the body, the muscles, the commonplaces of virility. I was always interested in the 'beginnings,' in the idea of the first suit, the pleasure and the young desire of a first jacket, a jacket for going out, some kind of tailoring for men that is devoid of any statuary character, far from the constraints and conventions of the banker suit. This had to involve a redefinition of the codes and the silhouette."
Unlike Kendall Jenner, Slimane believes models are just as key to a designer as the clothes.
Slimane's casting has always been an intrinsic part of his shows, and for Celine, models are an integral part of the team. "I have girls and boys that come every day to try out new models: they are our partners," he says. "I admire them and their presence is crucial. The casting is key to everything. Couturiers are nothing without their models. I see them as artists. They have the capacity to transform, transcend, give life and justice to our creations. Indeed, if a dress that I particularly enjoy doesn't have a body that wears it, it won't make it to the catwalk because it's not embodied. This Celine project is a collective adventure, a community of strong personalities. It's a teamwork. The studio work, the workshop work, and the models' work." Will his debut show include some familiar faces?
A post shared by CELINE (@celine) on Sep 22, 2018 at 6:34am PDT
He has chronic tinnitus, which resulted in a period of extreme pain.
"It happened over a year ago now, when I started hearing obsessive and persisting noises one morning...there's no remedy for it," he said. "This tinnitus apparently comes from a post-traumatic stress disorder without acoustic shock. It first got out of control, and I went through a very dark period, with anxiety phases that were unbearable. The unthinkable idea to never ever know silence was unbearable to me. It was a spiral. A pain on a daily basis."
He sees social media as "the Wild West."
While Celine and his photography website both have Instagram accounts, Slimane doesn't have any personal feeds. "I understand the craze, but in my opinion, the personal privacy seems to be the last luxury that needs to be preserved." While he sympathizes with those growing up in the midst of this new digital reality, he wonders if we'll all tire of "this search for cyber-fame, where quantity is what impresses people" and instead a social network that moves "towards a new realism with no alteration or touch up" will emerge. "There still's a lot to do in order to protect everyone's balance and truth."
Hedi Slimane Of Celine Gives Rare Interview Le Figaro
Designers • Fashion • News • Style • The Latest • UnStyled
written by Georgia Murray
Photo: Rex/Shutterstock
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Each day that we get to work with a couple planning or designing their wedding day is a blessing for us. Over the years we have collected testimonials in the form of letters, baby announcements and many different ways. We'd like to share a few of those with you now, and hopefully later we'll add yours to our collection!


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Currency Cards
Everywhere Card
Who is talking about us: FairFX in the news and press
FairFX partners with Newable Private Investing
FairFX is delighted to announce a new strategic partnership with Newable Private Investing, one of the UK's leading private investment groups.
Newable Private Investing (NPI) invest in innovative, high growth technology companies and provides Private Investors, Family Offices and Corporate Investors the opportunity to invest in potentially high growth early-stage knowledge-intensive companies.
The new relationship will see FairFX supporting Newable Private Investing at their prestigious showcase events – these events are sector focussed and give Investors the chance to meet potentially high growth Start-Ups and provide an excellent opportunity to network with fellow Investors.
FairFX Vice President of Partnerships, John Kinghorn, commented: "We are very excited to be working with Newable Private Investing. They have an extensive network of individual investors and companies who can benefit from our currency management service. We are looking forward to working closely with their team".
Newable Private Investing MD, Michael Walsh, commented, "as more and more of the companies that we support sell products abroad and at scale, the need to ensure sound FX management increases. By partnering with FairFX, supported companies will be able to benefit from an effective FX solution."
Friday 23 November 2018, 08:56am
Key Strategic Hire and Trading Update
FairFX, the low cost multi currency payments service, is pleased to provide the market with a trading update. Key items are:
FairFX hires James Hickman as Chief Commercial Officer
Corporate card platform breaks £10 million barrier for monthly loads
Turnover in the four months to 31 October 2016 up 45% year-on-year
The Group has significantly strengthened its senior management team through the appointment of Mr. James Hickman as Chief Commercial Officer, effective from 1 December 2016. James joins FairFX from key industry competitor Caxton FX where he was Managing Director and instrumental in establishing and growing its prepaid currency card programme. At FairFX, James will be responsible for driving more revenue growth across all product lines with a principal focus on the corporate sector.
The Group's corporate card platform has performed particularly well in 2016, benefitting from the increased strategic focus that was announced in late 2015. Additional functionality has been added to the platform and there is a pipeline of further enhancements still to come. Last month a key milestone for the platform was passed with monthly loads exceeding £10 million for the first time and having doubled within just 6 months. During the 10 months to 31 October 2016, volume going through the corporate card platform is up by 92% compared to the same period for 2015.
The Group's overall performance has continued to be strong since reporting its interim financial results and remains in line with market expectations. Turnover in the four months to 31 October 2016 is up 45% year-on-year to £314 million, while turnover for the year to 31 October 2016 is up 24% to £656 million.
Ian Strafford-Taylor, Chief Executive Officer, commented: "The business continues to make great strides and has performed well during what has been a volatile period for the currency markets. We are also particularly encouraged that the corporate card platform has been achieving such strong growth against this backdrop.
"I am also delighted that James Hickman is joining FairFX as Chief Commercial Officer. This is a key strategic hire for FairFX and James has an outstanding record in the currency payments industry. He will be playing an integral role in the next stage of our growth."
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About FairFX
FairFX is a leading international payment services provider, incorporated in the UK in 2005. The Company has developed a cloud-based peer-to-peer payments platform that enables personal and business customers to make easy, low-cost multi-currency payments in a broad range of currencies and across a range of FX products all via one integrated system. The FairFX platform facilitates payments either direct to Bank Accounts or at 30 million merchants and over 1 million ATM's in a broad range of countries globally via Mobile apps, the Internet, SMS, wire transfer and MasterCard/VISA debit cards.
FairFX operates within the rapidly growing online multi-currency payments market and provides transactional services to both personal and business customers through four channels being Currency Cards, Physical Currency, FairPay and Dealing. The Currency Card and Physical Currency offerings facilitate multiple overseas payments at points of sale and ATM's whereas the FairPay and Dealing products support wire transfer foreign exchange transactions direct to Bank Accounts.
For Corporates, FairFX has a market-leading business-expenses solution based around its corporate prepaid card allied to a platform allowing the Corporate to better control expenses and improve transparency whilst removing administrative burdens from staff.
In addition, FairFX has entered into a number of "white-label" arrangements for the use of its P2P matching platform. Partners include easyjet, ThinkMoney, Pitney Bowes and Quintessentially. FairFX has also partnered with Concur Technologies, Inc. a leading provider of integrated travel and expense management solutions with over 25 million users globally. Such relationships provide strong support for FairFX's customer acquisition strategy.
Thursday 03 November 2016, 10:40am
FairFX partners with Vizeat
FairFX, the low cost multi currency payments service, has today announced a partnership with Europe's largest social dining network, Vizeat.
Described as the "Airbnb of food", VizEat is a social dining platform, which seeks to give tourists access to authentic culinary experiences by connecting them with local hosts. FairFX is excited to be partnering with VizEat, which has enjoyed tremendous growth and has the potential to expand to a global scale.
Since being founded in 2014, VizEat has 90,000 members from more than 100 countries; the number of food experiences it offers has grown by 50% every month and its website is now available in English, French, Italian, Spanish and German.
With both companies focused on making sure their customers get more out of their holiday experience, the new partnership will benefit customers of both VizEat and FairFX. The partnership is designed to offer customers access to unique experiences while getting the best value for money when they travel overseas.
The agreement with Vizeat offers FairFX customers a discount to enjoy an authentic culinary experience with local hosts, such as a shared meal, a food tour or a cooking class. And VizEat customers will benefit from preferential exchange rates and FairFX prepaid currency card offers. The customer experience will also be improved through shared tips and advice for all aspects of their holiday.
Ian Strafford-Taylor, CEO of travel money firm FairFX, said: "The new partnership will appeal to consumers who actively seek out authentic travel experiences. VizEat helps people to quickly weed out the tourist traps - the inauthentic, expensive restaurants invariably located in tourist hotspots. We're excited to give our customers access to unforgettable and authentic travel moments through this partnership while at the same time introducing new customers to the cost-saving benefits and convenience of a prepaid currency card."
VizEat co-founder Jean-Michel Petit said: "We are delighted to partner with FairFX. We believe that the dining table is the original social network and VizEat connects travellers with authentic culinary experiences. By working with FairFX we're able to offer more travellers the opportunity to make the most of their holidays by meeting and eating with locals, facilitating new friendships and creating lasting memories."
To make sure you have a great holiday food experience, here are five unique ways to explore, get a taste of authentic food and eat like a local - all without breaking the bank - on your travels.
Food markets – wander through; take the opportunity to absorb the sights and smells - but most importantly – the tastes of your new destination.
Eat with a local – while getting together and sharing a meal around a table dates back thousands of years, the ability to share a meal with people you meet online is a relatively new phenomenon. Social dining for travellers is a modern way to experience traditional cuisine in people's homes, cooked and shared by locals themselves. Platforms like VizEat connect travellers and local hosts in more than 70 countries as well as offering local food walking tours, cooking classes and foodie experiences you're unlikely to find in the guidebooks.
Food trucks – The US is famous for its bustling food truck scene and sets the trend worldwide with food trucks now commonplace at events, festivals and markets everywhere. Find one on your US holiday through RoamingHunger.
Street food – What better way to experience local cuisine in a new city than right on the streets you're pounding? A great destination to try street food is Singapore with its blend of Chinese, Malay and Indian cuisines. Local "hawker" markets feature a concoction of street vendors selling uniquely Singaporean dishes like Ikan Bakar - barbecued stingray smothered in a spicy fish chilli sauce known as sambal.
Experience a food festival – try fresh, local food and produce from across the country you're visiting. You're spoilt for choice in Europe with the Mitt Kök Gothenburg in Sweden serving around 3,000 meals or Eurochocolate Perugia – an Italian chocolate exhibition – both in October.
About Vizeat
VizEat is the leading social dining platform in Europe which connects travellers and local hosts around an authentic culinary experience at their home. It is a unique way to exchange with people from all around the world and to discover new cultures around food.
VizEat was founded in early 2014 in France and raised €1m in a seed funding round led by UK-based Eurovestech Plc; in February 2015 it acquired Paris-based pioneer Cookening, effectively becoming the European leader in the growing culinary experience sharing space. Today VizEat has 90,000 members from more than 100 countries; the number of food experiences it offers has grown by 50% every month and its website is now available in English, French, Italian, Spanish and German. A mobile app for VizEat is available now for download for iOS.
FairFX is a leading prepaid card, travel money and international payment services provider, offering services to customers in the UK since 2007. Its customer offering includes Prepaid Currency Cards, Travel Cash and International Money Transfers to both personal and business customers. FairFX was named as one of 1000 Companies to Inspire Britain by London Stock Exchange in 2013 and registered on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange in August, 2014.
Wednesday 31 August 2016, 08:54am
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Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated. The Card is issued by Wirecard Card Solutions Ltd ("WDCS") pursuant to license by Mastercard International Inc. WDCS is authorised by the Financial Conduct Authority to conduct electronic money service activities under the Electronic Money Regulations 2011 (Ref: 900051)


eStore Logistics was awarded the Information Technology & Management Award for our Freight Optimisation Solution at the 2016 Australian Supply Chain and Logistics Awards Gala Dinner in Sydney recently.
eStore Logistics opened a Sydney based warehousing facility in October 2014 to support the growth and reduce costs for key clients Kogan.com and Temple & Webster's private label Milan Direct.
By utilisating eStore Logistics warehouses in both Melbourne and Sydney these clients were faced with the challenge on how to select a warehouse and carrier combination for their online retail orders.
eStore Logistics developed freight optimisation technology which chooses a warehouse and shipping carrier combination for an order based on available inventory at each warehouse, carrier suitability and lowest cost. This approach ensures that clients' orders are always sent with the most cost effective freight carrier.
Since the Sydney facility went live eStore Logistics has been rolling out the solution to all clients that utilise eStore Logistics Melbourne and Sydney warehouses. When a client joins eStore Logistics, carriers are agreed based on suitability and price.
Clients do not need to direct eStore Logistics as to which carrier and warehouse orders should be shipped from. Clients can simply transmit their sales orders to eStore Logistics and the freight optimisation system takes care of warehouse and carrier selection.


ACCT 205. Survey of Accounting. 3 Hours.
This course is an introduction to financial and managerial accounting. It will introduce the concepts of business and the measurement systems used to control and evaluate business activities. It will also explore product costing systems and the use of accounting data as a basis for management planning and decision making. (Not open to students with credit in ACCT 200.) Prerequisite: Goal 1, Outcome 2 and Goal 2, Outcome 1. LEC.


These GH Beauty Lab top-tested treatments really work to deeply soften and nourish hair.
When regular conditioner just won't do for your parched, split, broken strands, it's time to swap in something more hydrating: an intensive hair mask or deep conditioner. Like traditional conditioners, hair masks are used after shampooing and rinsed off, but tend to offer deeper hydration. These products "help coat wet hair so it's easier to detangle, which can lead to less damage, and softer and more manageable hair," explains Good Housekeeping Beauty Lab director, Birnur Aral, Ph.D.
Hair masks and deep conditioning treatments tend to have a higher concentration of conditioning ingredients (like silicones and plant oils and butters), which makes for a heavier and thicker product. That texture makes hair masks "best for coarse, thick, or curly hair," says Aral, "which tend to be drier." Deep conditioning treatments are also ideal for hair that's been damaged by chemical treatments (like dying or straightening) or frequent use of hot tools — which, let's face it, is most of us.
Here, the best hair masks and deep conditioners tested by the Good Housekeeping Institute Beauty Lab and chosen by our beauty experts to help spin your hair from straw to silk.
The winner of the GH Beauty Lab's deep conditioners and hair masks test, the nourishing It's a 10 formula lived up to its name when it earned a perfect score for its ability to condition hair and prevent damage in the Lab's wet-combing test on hair samples.
It also rated highly for making hair look smoother without leaving it greasy after application. "This mask definitely made my color-treated and damaged blonde hair softer and more manageable," a tester said.
Pantene's innovative mask in ampoule form contains concentrated lipids to repair hair for barely more than a dollar a pop. "My dye- and hot tool–damaged hair felt stronger and even looked healthier once dry," our Beauty Lab expert tester said. Bonus: The small, single-use mask tubes are travel-friendly, too.
Deep conditioners and masks are famous for their hydrating, repairing superpowers — but also for their heavy, volume-deflating weight. Beauty Lab testing found this breakthrough formula effective, yet light enough to nourish even the finest strands.
One tester raved, "my hair was softer than with any conditioner I've used before." The mask made hair noticeably silky, smooth and sleek without weighing it down, Lab evaluations found.
This next-level Head & Shoulders mask treats hair and scalp at the same time, softening strands with coconut oil and fighting flakes with active pyrithione zinc. Many Beauty Lab testers praised its scalp-itch relief. "Flakes disappeared" and "hair was softer than it's ever been," two said. When we Lab tested on women with textured strands, this hydrating mask scored high for reducing scalp and hair dryness.
GH's beauty director, April Franzino, has tried countless hair masks from drugstore to salon brands on her split, broken strands. This unique deep treatment is among her all-time favorites, for its ability to deliver immediately noticeable results.
It contains dual chambers that dispense hair-softening ingredients like soy and vegetable proteins and botanical extracts simultaneously. The creamy, rich mask leaves strands "the softest they've ever been, like newborn baby's hair, after only one use," Franzino says.
Get a salon-style deep conditioning treatment at home with Nexxus's keratin protein formula, which fortifies damaged, split, and breakage-prone hair.
"I get chemical treatments, color my hair, and use hot tools, so I struggle with split ends and an allover fried look," one Beauty Lab tester said of this GH Beauty Award-winner. "This mask made my hair feel stronger and look less frayed."
If you've got hair problems but can't figure out the fix, time to call in the big guns with this state-of-the-art personalized in-salon treatment. A stylist zeroes in on your issues with a high-tech hair and scalp camera that can magnify up to 600 times. It uses the data to pinpoint your hair type and concerns, then conjures up a custom mask treatment, combining ingredients to target everything from hydration to shine, smoothing, fullness, color enhancement, strength and repair.
GH Beauty Lab's expert experienced bouncier and shinier strands than normal, and called it the perfect pick-me-up — like a facial for your hair, which earned it a Beauty Breakthrough Award. "The treatment was very quick, but produced amazing immediate results— in both volume and smoothness," reported Beauty Lab chemist Danusia Wnek.
April Franzino Beauty Director April Franzino is the Beauty Director at Good Housekeeping, part of the Hearst Women's Lifestyle Beauty Group.
Birnur Aral, Ph.D., Good Housekeeping Institute Director, Health, Beauty & Environmental Sciences Lab Birnur Aral is the director of the Health, Beauty & Environmental Sciences Lab at the Good Housekeeping Institute, where she oversees all Lab tests and applications for the Good Housekeeping Seal, the Green Good Housekeeping Seal and the GH Innovation emblem.
Will Washing Your Hair With Conditioner Work?


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All about the battle of britain
08.12.2018 08.12.2018 Eric J.
The Battle of Britain: Five Months That Changed History, May-October 1940 by James Holland
If Hitler fails to invade or destroy Britain, he has lost the war, Churchill said in the summer of 1940.He was right.The Battle of Britain was a crucial turning point in the history of the Second World War. Had Britains defences collapsed, Hitler would have dominated all of Europe and been able to turn his full attention east to the Soviet Union.
The German invasion of France and the Low Countries in May 1940 was unlike any the world had ever seen. It hit with a force and aggression that no-one could counter and in just a few short weeks, all in their way crumbled under the force of the Nazi hammer blow. With France facing defeat and with British forces pressed back to the Channel, there were few who believed Britain could possibly survive.Soon, it seemed, Hitler would have all of Europe at his feet.
Yet Hitlers forces were not quite the Goliath they at first seemed, while her leadership lacked the single-minded purpose, vision and direction that had led to such success on land.Nor was Britain any David.Thanks to a sophisticated defensive system and the combined efforts of the RAF, Royal Navy as well as the mounting sense of collective defiance led by a new Prime Minister, Britain was not ready to roll over just yet.
From clashes between coastal convoys and Schnellboote in the Channel to astonishing last stands in Flanders, and from the slaughter by the U-boats in the icy Atlantic to the dramatic aerial battles over England, The Battle of Britain tells this most epic of stories from all sides, drawing on extensive new research from around the world. In so doing, it paints a complete picture of that extraordinary summer - a time in which the fate of the world truly hung by a thread.
File Name: all about the battle of britain.zip
Why We Fight: The Battle of Britain
10 Facts About the Battle of Britain
The Battle of Britain was one of the most pivotal moments in the country's history. It marked a turning point when Britain stood alone against Hitler's seemingly unstoppable military power. In the summer of — after Hitler swept through France and drove the British army out of the European mainland - the people of Britain made ready for a Nazi invasion. But before Hitler could conquer the country he needed to gain air superiority. The Luftwaffe launched a large scale attack, intent on wiping out Britain's air defences. The pilots of the RAF, who became known as "The Few", stood up to wave after wave of German fighters and bombers sending a clear message to Hitler that Britain would never surrender.
Winston Churchill during an air raid warning. Credit: Library of Congress. The stage for the battle was set in May , when Nazi Germany launched a massive blitzkrieg against Western Europe. I expect the Battle of Britain is about to begin. Despite being fresh off his lightning conquest of France, Hitler was wary of invading Britain.
In the summer and fall of , German and British air forces clashed in the skies over the United Kingdom, locked in the largest sustained bombing campaign to that date. But Prime Minister Winston Churchill rallied his stubborn people and outmaneuvered those politicians who wanted to negotiate with Adolf Hitler. This then would be the first all-air battle in history. Britain possessed an effective air defense system, first-rate fighter pilots, and a great military leader in Air Marshal Hugh Dowding. On the other hand, the Germans had major problems: they had no navy left after the costly conquest of Norway, their army was unprepared for any form of amphibious operations, and the Luftwaffe had suffered heavy losses in the west the first two factors made a seaborne attack on the British Isles impossible from the first. Even more serious, the Germans had poor intelligence and little idea of British vulnerabilities.
But for the invasion to have any chance of success, the Germans needed to first secure control of the skies over southern England and remove the threat posed by the Royal Air Force RAF.
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Hitler ordered planning to begin for an invasion of Britain on 2 July But the Nazi leader specified air and naval superiority over the English Channel and proposed landing points before any invasion., Battle of Britain , during World War II , the successful defense of Great Britain against unremitting and destructive air raids conducted by the German air force Luftwaffe from July through September , after the fall of France. Victory for the Luftwaffe in the air battle would have exposed Great Britain to invasion by the German army, which was then in control of the ports of France only a few miles away across the English Channel.
Explore the key events of the Battle of Britain with clips from over 50 years of BBC television and radio programmes. Their ultimate failure was one of the turning points of World War Two and prevented Germany from invading Britain. Photo: A RAF fighter squadron 'scrambles' after receiving the signal to engage the enemy during the Battle of Britain. Getty Images. Michael Flanders narrates an overview of the major events of the Battle of Britain, including a discussion between Battle of Britain pilots Douglas Bader and Paddy Barthropp about the significance of the battle.
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Making the Outdoors Attainable Beyond ADA-Accessible Campgrounds
Meghan O'Dea
Making the Outdoors Attainable Beyond ADA-Accessible Campgrounds Meghan O'Dea 2018-02-28
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Spending time in nature provides a host of benefits, from lowering blood pressure and stress to boosting immune system function. Simply getting a breath of fresh air and a little sunshine can shift our moods for the better, even if we don't exert ourselves outside. For many people living with disabilities, though, there can be significant barriers to getting into the great outdoors. While ADA-accessible campgrounds do exist, there's a lot of ground to cover to improve access to all.
Earlier in February, the United Stated House of Representatives voted to weaken the Americans With Disabilities Act, making it harder for disabled people to pursue discrimination cases. This change is expected to make it harder for people with disabilities to advocate for increased accessibility in housing, transportation, and recreational areas like campgrounds and parks.
We think it's important for all of us to understand how all people experience the outdoors, and what types of challenges they face. When it comes to disabilities, being aware of these challenges and how they can be alleviated is one of many steps necessary in increasing the accessibility of the outdoors for all.
ADA-Accessible Campgrounds Are Just One Piece of the Puzzle
Thanks to the ADA, there are some state and federal parks that offer handicapped accessible campsites that can accommodate wheelchairs and feature level, paved surfaces and other amenities like bathrooms that meet accessibility standards.
However, that doesn't mean that every park is going to work for every disabled person. Raising awareness about a wide range of accessibilities issues can help reduce barriers for people of all levels of ability who want to enjoy the great outdoors.
Invisible Disabilities Are a Barrier, Too
Often, abled people only consider visible disabilities when they picture campsite or trail accessibility– such as whether someone in a wheelchair would be able to roll down a paved trail or boardwalk, or into a cabin or shelter. However, invisible disabilities and chronic illnesses exist too, and absolutely affect outdoor access.
Someone who doesn't use assistive devices like wheelchairs, rollators, or canes might nonetheless have limits to how far he or she can walk. Unpaved surfaces can present a challenge, especially if you have an uneven gait, are prone to falls, or joints that easily sublux.
If you're lucky, you might live near the country's only fully ADA-accessible campground, Simax Group Camp in Deschutes, Oregon. If not, you'll want to look for campgrounds with amenities that might be compatible with different disabilities or conditions. A campground with transit service and boardwalks like Upper Pines Campground in Yosemite, Camp Gateway on Staten Island, or Saddlehorn Campground in Grand Junction, Colorado might be more accessible for someone with limited mobility, for example.
Then there are other considerations, like what you'll do in case of a medical emergency. Many chronic conditions and invisible disabilities don't necessarily involve mobility. Instead, they require carefully managing fatigue or medication or mean something relatively minor like dehydration or exhaustion could quickly spiral into a trip to the ER.
Epileptics, for example, may need to be extra careful about hazards like steep falls, bodies of water, or activities like rock climbing. Those with chronic lyme or fibromyalgia may experience unexpected joint inflammation, pain, fever, or other symptoms. In that case, choosing a campsite relatively close to urban medical facilities, like Kirby Cove Campground in Golden Gate Recreation Area could offer peace of mind.
Some people with disabilities might find an RV campground would be a better option. That guarantees an actual bed, bathroom, storage for assistive devices and other gear, as well as reliable means of transportation in case of emergency. ATV and car camping are other ways you might increase your safety and comfort in the outdoors and make sure you have all the supplies and gear you need.
Gear Can Make a Difference
You might be surprised how rethinking gear can improve your outdoor experience, and the outdoor experiences of friends and families whose abilities might not align with yours.
Tents that feature extra tall doors make it easier for wheelchair or rollator users to move in and out, and reduce the need to stoop. Bell tents and yurts like those at Jesse M. Honeyman State Park in Oregon, also increase accessibility. Both of these styles can usually accommodate wheelchairs or other assistive devices.
As for inside your shelter, raised camping beds or tall air mattresses are easier to get in and out of and are often more comfortable than sleeping on a ground pad.
Many assistive devices can now be purchased or retrofitted to have features that make navigating the outdoors easier, too. Mobility aids with thick tread tires or extra wheels are designed to navigate rougher terrain. In some cases, skipping a hike in favor of an adaptive kayak or canoe might be a better fit for a person's abilities.
Skiing is another sport that has seen a lot of progress when it comes to adaptive gear, too. Mushing is also a great way to combine the outdoors with a love for animals– and there are many adaptive sled dog organizations like Noble Paws, Urban Mushing, and Wolfsong Adventures.
You're The Expert
Everyone is the expert on their own abilities and challenges. So don't take our word for it. If you're interested in getting outside and how to make outdoor experiences more accessible, here are a few resources you can trust as you explore what would feel right for you and those who join you in the outdoors.
The Mighty is a digital health community dedicated to sharing stories from people living with all sorts of disabilities and health challenges. They have several articles on navigating barriers to the outdoors that can provide insight into what those experiences might be like.
Oregon Adaptive Sports offers a variety of programs year round from skiing to mountain biking and more. Similar organizations include Outdoors For All, the Adaptive Sports Association, Paradox Sports, and the New England Disabled Sports Program.
Learn from People with Disabilities
There are a number of bloggers and writers like The Sweet Adventurer, Wanderstruck Studio, and Eliana Carmona who have documented their experiences traveling, backpacking, nature walking, and living the #vanlife while chronically ill.
Reddit is another, shorter-form platform where spoonie adventurers have shared their experiences and swapped advice.
Outside Magazine is a trusted resource, and its articles for disabled adventurers offer valuable insight on experiences that are different (or similar) to our own. They have published articles on everything from adaptive surfing to traumatic brain injury, National Park accessibility, and even fly fishing with PTSD.
A big library of reliable campground reviews like those found at The Dyrt can cut down on the time and effort disabled people have to spend to find the nearest campground that meets their accessibility needs. It's also a potential resource for people with disabilities to offer advice and observations that wouldn't occur to the abled.
If you have questions or advice to offer on camping and recreating outdoors with disabilities, join our Facebook Campfire where people are having all kinds of outdoorsy discussions.
The benefits of adventuring outside might not outweigh the risks for every person. Still, we all deserve a world that is accessible to every body regardless of ability, whether we're exploring our cities or mountains, and that starts with more than just ADA-accessible campgrounds.
Join The ADA Campfire on Facebook for questions, discussion, and community surrounding accessibility in the outdoors.
Meghan O'Dea is a writer, world traveler, and life-long learner who grew up in the foothills of Appalachia. College led to summer stints in England and Slovenia, grad school to a sojourn Hong Kong, and curiosity to everywhere in between. She has written for the Washington Post, Fortune Magazine, Yoga Journal, Eater Magazine, and Uproxx amongst others. Meghan hopes to visit all seven continents with pen and paper in tow.
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I can't find all my Roz photos on my new computer! I could have sworn I put them on here. So strange. So right now, I've been taking some of the photos that I have uploaded on Facebook, which is quite a lot. Hopefully, I can recover those photos again. I am not sure where they are at the moment.


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Travis Bass Out As Bow Has 'Less to Do With Late Night'
Danny Ghitis for The New York Times
In the wake of a lawsuit and ahead of a community board meeting tonight, the operators of Bow have parted ways with a promoter who threw controversial parties in the basement space.
Travis Bass, the "impresario of the night" who helped launch the club, is no longer involved, a source told The Local.
Mr. Bass did not return a message requesting comment, but an EMM Group rep said they "will be focusing their attention downstairs on early dinner, jazz and the lounge aspect of the space with less to do with the late night."
At a community board meeting last month, neighbors complained that EMM Group was operating Bow as a nightclub rather than the jazz lounge it had promised to open. One neighbor who complained about noise, Danielle Schwob, has filed a lawsuit against EMM Group and the State Liquor Authority, charging that the authority failed to consult the community board and failed to take the public interest into account when it granted a liquor license.
Lila Selim Mark Birnbaum and Eugene Remm of EMM Group.
"Bakers Dozen broke its pledge," reads the lawsuit, referring to the LLC to which the license was granted. "Instead of the 'background music' it promised, it is now operating a club on the premises with a sound system it purports to be the biggest and loudest in Manhattan, with unauthorized dancing on the ground floor, go-go dancers suspended from the ceiling, giant video projections, lines of waiting patrons stretcliing down the block from 11 p.m. on into the night and web-promoted events with admission fees."
Noise from the club, the lawsuit alleges, has caused many sleepless nights. "The quality of life of the residential petitioners has been decimated and their apartments rendered unfit and undesirable as dwelling units. The continuing nuisance has caused them to become anxious and emotionally distressed," reads the suit.
EMM Group is scheduled to go back in front of Community Board 3's liquor licensing committee tonight. We'll have a full report after the meeting.
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text:
Q: Is it possible to simulate two finger swipe in iOS UI Testing? I want to perform a two finger swipe in my UI Test. I am using XCUITest framework. I tried all pinch and rotate methods but Seems like there is no built in support for this functoinality.

A: I don't know if it will work, but you can try to simulate two different fingers dragging screen simultaneously. Something like this:
XCUIApplication *app = [[XCUIApplication alloc] init];
[app launch];

// Set a coordinate near the left-edge, we have to use normalized coords
// so you set using percentages, 1% in on the left, 15% down from the top
XCUICoordinate *coord1 = [app coordinateWithNormalizedOffset:CGVectorMake(0.01, 0.15)];

// Then second coordinate 40 points to the right
XCUICoordinate *coord2 = [coord1 coordinateWithOffset:CGVectorMake(40, 0)];

// Third coordinate 100 points down from the first
XCUICoordinate *coord3 = [coord1 coordinateWithOffset:CGVectorMake(0, 100)];

// Last one is 100 points down from the second
XCUICoordinate *coord4 = [coord2 coordinateWithOffset:CGVectorMake(0, 100)];

// Perform a drag from coord1 to coord3
[coord1 pressForDuration:0.5f thenDragToCoordinate:coord3];
// Perform a drag from coord2 to coord4
[coord2 pressForDuration:0.5f thenDragToCoordinate:coord4];

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Frontend design for rest service I'm currently working on a rest service writen in c++/qt and i'm also thinking about the future web ui who will use this service.
I admit i'm not super expert in html/js since i've always worked on the back-end side, and i'm not sure how the modern ui patterns are today.
As first question i aks: is a html/js only ui (accessing the rest service directly) a better / worst choice than a html/js ui with a server side php layer who will act as support for consuming the rest service (js ask to php who ask to rest)?
Thanks in advance.
Ivan.

A: Provided that you have a backend that was designed following the principles of REST, it is in my opinion the better approach to let the Web frontend communicate directly to the API of the backend.
The views you have to provide in the frontend match well to the application states (URLs) of your backend. The backend should implement the so-called hypermedia principle, i.e. it provides links to the allowed next application states and the frontend should respect this information.
In other words: what's wrong with your REST backend that you think it might be better to have another layer on top of it?


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text:
صحيفة سودان تربيون اخبار السودان / ديسمبر 22, 2021
November 1, 2021 (KHARTOUM) – The head of the Sudanese junta Monday reiterated his commitment to a deal signed by the former regime with the Russian government on the construction of a Russian naval base on the Red Sea.
"The creation of this base is part of an existing agreement. We keep regularly discussing the matter, and there are some faults that have to be remedied. We are committed to international agreements and will continue to implement them to the end," al-Burhan told the Russian news service Sputnik.
In April 2021, Sudan has suspended an agreement with Russia providing to establish a military base on the Red Sea, until its approval by the Transitional Legislative Council.
One month later, Khartoum requested Russia to evacuate all equipment and gears sent to Port Sudan to establish a military base on the Red Sea.
Following the military takeover on 25 October, Moscow did not join the regional and international condemnation of the military coup and implicitly offered its support to Gen al-Burhan.
On 25 October, Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova pointed out that the military takeover was the result of the government's "failed policy" that ignored the demands of the Sudanese people.
"The despair and plight of the overwhelming majority of the population were virtually ignored by the interim authorities and their foreign patrons and consultants," Zakharova stressed.
She further added that Russia would respect the choice of the Sudanese people and provide them with all necessary support.
مصدر الخبر موقع Sudan Tribune


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