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Aerodynamics at the Olympics
Wouter Remmerie
If you've been keeping your eye on the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, you would have undoubtedly heard the commentators refer to aerodynamics at some point. Whether it's cycling, golf or running, when you're trying to be the best in the world you need to exploit every performance gain you can - and often the biggest gain to be found is in aerodynamics.
Cycling has been an Olympic sport since the 1896 Athens games. For Tokyo 2020 there are a total of 22 different cycling events across five disciplines: track cycling, road cycling, mountain bike, BMX Racing and BMX Freestyle. But whatever the category, riders want to extract the maximum performance out of every effort they put in. Over 80% of the energy a cyclist puts into the pedals is used to overcome drag, so improving aerodynamic efficiency is the best way to ride faster for longer.
Shin tape
One of the most controversial talking points from the Tokyo Velodrome has been, quite bizarrely, kinesiology tape. Lining up for their qualifying round in the men's team pursuit, each of the Danish riders had a strip of kinesiology tape on the front of their shins. Each strip was in exactly the same position and extended upwards from within the socks to just below the knee.
Shin tape on the Danish team pursuit riders at Tokyo 2020. CREDIT: Getty Images and www.cyclingweekly.com
A rider's shins can be an area of significant aerodynamic gain. Increasing the surface roughness in this location can initiate a turbulent boundary layer which mixes with surrounding air and retains kinetic energy. This energy allows the airflow to remain attached for longer, reducing the wake behind the legs and the associated pressure drag.
The red circles highlight transitions from high to low surface friction to identify areas of flow separation
In the past, teams have used socks and overshoes to try and exploit this aerodynamic benefit. Overshoes that extend up to the knee can reduce drag by approximately 1%. Although on the 1st of January 2019, the UCI introduced a sock height rule to ensure that socks were only used for clothing and safety and not for gaining an aerodynamic advantage.
It was highly unlikely that each Danish rider was experiencing the same injury on both shins and therefore required kinesiology tape. Of course, this was quickly spotted and protested by other teams and the tape was consequently banned with the Danish team issued a warning.
One of the biggest differences you will spot between indoor and outdoor cycling is the range of helmet designs. Indoor cyclists will often opt for a streamlined tear-drop shaped helmet with an extended tail. By having a seamless transition from the helmet to the back, the airflow can remain attached, avoiding separation and reducing drag. Well-designed tear drop helmets can achieve lower drag coefficients than more conventional spherical shaped helmets, but only if the rider maintains the optimum head position.
However, riding this type of helmet in an outdoor event could have a disastrous effect. Side winds change the angle of attack of the rider and consequently increase their effective frontal area, particularly when riding with covered wheels. This not only increases drag but also introduces side forces which can destabilise the bike. Wearing a long helmet will exacerbate this affect, increasing the frontal area and the resulting lateral forces.
With no side wind indoors, the bike, helmet and clothing can be optimised for one position in track cycling.CREDIT: AFP and www.telegraph.co.uk
From an aerodynamic point of view, indoor cycling is an aerodynamicists playground as the lack of side wind means that the bike, rider and helmet can all be optimised for only one position. This is why track cyclists will have much more aerodynamic helmets, skinsuits and bikes.
Rider posture
Whether it's track or road cycling, the rider's posture has a huge influence on their aerodynamic efficiency. Riders are larger than their bikes and can account for up to 80% of the drag. Moving the torso closer to the bike will reduce frontal area and drag, but if too low, this can affect the rider's breathing and power output. While the centre of gravity of the rider and the bike should be aligned, with the rider exerting a constant vertical force throughout the four phases of the pedal stroke.
To accurately analyse a rider's posture and body movements, motion analysis software now plays a key role in helping athletes race faster. Reflective markers are placed on a rider's articulations and infrared lights along with high speed cameras track the rider's movements. This can then be used to optimise the rider's posture, seat height and pedal frequency.
Motion analysis software is being used to optimise athelte's posture and performance in many sports. CREDIT: www.motionanalysis.com
Each Olympic games brings with it new innovations in aerodynamic clothing. The baggy shorts and T-shirts of the past are now replaced with tight fitting synthetic speedsuits that incorporate several different technologies.
One fascinating technology that is now used in kits, therapeutic tapes as well as leg and arm sleeves is the Nike AeroBlades. Exploiting a similar philosophy to golf ball dimples, miniature nodes are located on specific areas of the fabric and channel air around the athlete in the most effective way; reducing drag.
Why do golf balls have dimples?
Nike AeroBlades are miniature nodes on fabric which help to reduce drag. CREDIT: www.nike.news.com
The precise location of these nodes is defined by wind tunnel testing, where mannequins of the same size and shape of Nike's athletes are used to identify areas of the highest wind resistance. This data then guides the placement of the AeroBlades for that specific athlete to achieve maximum performance. This, along with other technology in Nike's speedsuits can achieve gains of up to 0.023 seconds over 100m.
Nike AeroBlades is incoporated into AeroSwift tape as worn here. CREDIT: www.nike.news.com
It's not just the athletes and equipment that are designed to be aerodynamically efficient, but the stadiums are too. A 2m/s tail wind can drop the 100m sprint time by around a tenth of a second, while a head wind can increase that time by around 0.1s. So within the official limits stated by the World Athletics (+- 2m/s - to be double-checked), times can vary within a range of 0.2 tenths due to aerodynamics alone.
In reality though, the behaviour of the airflow within a stadium is more complex as usually the wind speed along the track is not constant. To investigate this, we used a public 3D model of the Tokyo Olympics stadium and ran CFD simulations to understand how wind outside the stadium translates into complex flow patterns inside the stadium. As you can see from the image below, the result can be a variety of large and small vortices along the race track, illustrated by the white line.
Streamline trace for the flow along the middle lane of the race track as shown by the white line
At the midpoint of the track, where the official measurement is taken, we observed a 'virtual wind speed measurement' of around 0.14m/s. At the same time, we saw that at the beginning of the track there was a tail wind of 0.4m/s, which was 280% more than the measured velocity. While near the end, athletes would experience a head wind of 0.1m/s as shown by the graph below. However, as Bert Blocken argues in the link below, there may be some inaccuracies within the measurements of this study.
Why Elaine Thompson-Herah is the fastest woman ever on the planet.
Top: Birds eye view of the complex flow patterns within the Tokyo Olympic Stadium. Bottom: Graph showing the longitudinal flow velocity along the middle lane of the race track.
Another aspect is the comfort of the spectators, both inside and outside the stadium. The complex flow structures inside the stadium can make some areas relatively windy, while others can be nicely shielded and more comfortable. Outside the stadium, the building and surroundings can strongly impact flow patterns, making the difference between sitting comfortably on a bench or being blown over when cycling past.
External aerodynamics of the Tokyo Olympic Stadium
So next time you're watching the Olympics, see how many aerodynamic innovations you can spot on the athlete's themselves, on their equipment and in their surroundings.
Cycling: From 3D scan to aerodynamic analysis
Run Your Own Simulation


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Gertrud and Fred visit
Gertrud and Fred came over to visit William this afternoon and to hear many of the stories about his surgery. I measured him on my ongoing "measuring wall" and William seems to be 6' 2.5" now.
Allan visits
Allan has been one of our loyal cat sitters this past two weeks, even though he is allergic. Thank you Allan. Margaret went to Richard and Gerda's gin party but William wasn't quite up to it so we didn't go with her. Thank you Gerda for cat sitting as well. We got the One Take films back and watched them in the kitchen. Turned out well.
Geremy visits
Our day was full of errands. We took William to his family doctor who was surprised to see William in his office so soon after surgery. Since we've been home, one of us was always home with William. Sometimes he seems to be in good enough shape to just be home alone; other times not. I picked up the temporary handicap parking sticker for the car, and stopped in to talk to the pharmacist about which order William should take his meds each day ( to try and optimize pain control and reduce nausea.) After supper Geremy came by with a card that outlines further suggestions for bionic implants.
Return to Regina
We drove William home to Regina, two weeks from the day we drove there for his back surgery. The ride was okay when the road was straight and flat, but turns and bumps made him feel bad. He has a nauseous morning so we need to get on top of how his medications work. The last stop was a surprise visit to Xander whom William was texting to in the car.
Once home, we saw Lori and Al who had been so great bringing a pie and installing the screenings on the gazebo. A short time later, my mom and dad came to visit, also bringing some sweets. Settling back into the house took a while but it is much better than hospital or hotel. Good to be home.
Mike and his visits
Mike Grzesina visited William most days in the hospital, arriving with drinks, suppers, and cards. Every visit was appreciated and he gave William as well as Margaret and I a nice break to the day.
Outside and eventually out of the hospital
First thing in the morning, William was uncertain if he was ready to leave the hospital. The physiotherapists gave him the green light, but everyone also said it would be his choice about how long he would stay. After a trip outside, a walk on the grass and up and down some stairways, and some fun adventures getting lost in the under-construction health sciences building, he declared that he did want to leave.
We had one last meeting with his doctor and disembarked for the hotel. The hospital adventure was coming to a close.
Labels: William Surgery
Yesterday was good for walking around the room and into the hallway. Today was much better. He went to physiotherapy and learned how to get up from a tub chair, a car seat, and to go up and down stairs. I think that walking for the sake of getting better is uninteresting to William, but walking to engage with someone or some place drives him harder. Mike and George both visited and William literally rose to each occasion.
The other big event of the day was that the respiratory specialist came by with five residents under his tutelage. William had been taken off oxygen yesterday but last night had some difficulty breathing so was back on it for a while. This doctor had the x-rays which showed fluid in William's pleural area outside of his lungs and had a few suggestions ranging from radical (tube to drain over time), moderate (needle to remove fluid today) to minimal (let nature take its course). William wanted it drained so they hooked up a vacuum bottle and syringe and pulled over a litre of fluid from William.
new room, more visitors
William was detached from his IV and other machines attached to his body today. Leveraged with the bacterial infection this time, William got a private room again (the same room) which is much better for countless reasons, including having a bathroom that he can use with impunity. Mooky and Sara visited on their way to North Battleford for a festival. It was great to see them. To avoid contamination, even though it likely wasn't a factor by this point, we had a huge virtual hug. Later in the day, Frank Bessai and his sons also visited on their way from the farm (where we were unable to see them) home to Edmonton.
Moving to private room again
It was suggested that he eat food that gets the old digestive system in full gear and KFC came up as a suggestion. I bought him two pieces. This is the very first Kentucky Fried Chicken that William has ever eaten. He was up on his feet a few times but is not supposed to use a bathroom that other patients use, so this was a big problem.
First step to recovery
William spent the night with a breathing tube. The doctor saw him first thing in the morning and began taking him off the drugs that were keeping him asleep. He was alert quite quickly. He tried to write a message which was to tell me to video the process but it was just scribbles and the doctors prefer that procedures not be recorded without permission, so I didn't. A couple of hours later, we sat William up and even got him momentarily on his feet, at which point he described the pain as being at level 10.
As I said in the previous post, he was moved to regular adult observation by the end of the afternoon. Shortly before moving, they told William that he'd picked up a bacterial infection so needed to be isolated for six days during that treatment. It's always something. In the six bed observation, an older woman called for the nurse to make her toast or hold her hand every six seconds. Mike visited as he is tremendously supportive, bringing booster juice. Got through the night by drowning out voices with My Little Pony on tablet and eating baking from Christie's.
Huge second surgery on William's back
Getting the band back together for one last spinal concert
We got back to the hospital at 7 am to be with William through the pre-op sessions, questions, etc. The team assembled and answered any and all questions he had before wheeling him into the operating room at 8 am. They spent the next two hours doing precise x-rays and scans and positioning his body into just the right position using tables, bean bags, sponges, and who knows what. At 10am the surgery began. Margaret and I were able to leave the hospital and be in phone contact and we did laundry, playing cards, sorting stuff that we needed to remove from the private room, and trying to get through the day without worrying too much. Calls from the O.R. came every two hours, all positive, and many telling us that they would call again in two hours. The operation took until 9 pm, a total of 11 hours. In the end, he was kept in PICU, "pediatric intensive care unit" overnight, which is an amazing facility. Until the children's wing is finished, the PICU is supposed to be only for people 17 years old and not a day older (the age will go up to 18 year olds later). However, scoliosis surgery is more common on younger patients so the PICU is well trained to treat them. Dr. Allen arranged for William to be there post surgery, and the head doctor felt it was okay, but other forces prevailed so as soon as the breathing tube was remove (William was mad I didn't video that process) he eventually was sent back to adult. But for this first night, he was unconscious in their unit.
last recovery day before second surgery
William is getting stronger and the private room has been a big part of that. He is still uncomfortable and cannot concentrate on things for more than a few minutes, which makes reading and watching movies difficult. Bodily functions have begun to spring back to normal, but not without a bit of chemical assistance. As with last week in the restaurant, I don't know what his appetite will be like after the next surgery so I got him one of his favorite comfort foods, fresh rolls. They were almost as good as Milu's, but they gave a peanut sauce instead of the thinner sauce (name of which I don't know) that Milu's gives.
Saturday hospital visitors
Late in the afternoon, we received two sets of visitors from Regina. Arriving first was Terri and Xander, bringing noodles from #1 Noodles, Rudy's favorite Saskatoon restaurant. Literally five minutes after Terri arrived, Lori and Al arrived bringing fresh picked raspberries. Lori had a social engagement so after a nice visit with them, we left William and Xander to hang out for a while as we got a coffee. It was really terrific that people came so far out of their way to spend time with William. It lifted his spirits and has helped with recovery.
recovery and the problems with rooms
On Monday and Tuesday, William stayed in "Observation", which has six beds and extra nurses to respond quickly to each patient. It can get loud and doesn't give anyone much space, but the care was good. On Wednesday night he was moved to a smaller room with only two other patients. However, even though they were likely very nice people, they had multiple visitors all day long and their cell phone rings were ungodly loud. It made it impossible to even think let alone rest. When the doctor came to see William, she had a difficult time hearing or being heard. I think she said a few words about him needing better rest than that to be able to be prepared for his second surgery. On Thursday he was moved to a private room. Much better. Decorated it with a few photocopies from My Little Pony.
Thursday in recovery and One Take Super 8
Huge storm today. Wind and lightning. We drove to the university instead of walking from the hotel 8 blocks away. Margaret's feet and shoes are being a problem. The One Take Super 8 Event was this evening in Regina. William and I both screened films but were not there (obviously) to see them. We waited anxiously for reports from the screening and finally hear positive responses. We missed the group discussion and photo with filmmakers on stage, but sent out three thumbs up.
more recovery
Two days after the surgery, his continuous problem has been sticking to the bed with his sweat and feeling every crease in the sheets with huge discomfort so that he could never relax. I bought a fleecy blanket from Superstore on spec and it proved somewhat effective. Margaret needed to buy more such things as he soaks one after the other in sweat and they need to be washed (smelling rank at the end of all that).
Mike visited and brought Booster Juice. William was intrigued because Teagan recently got a job at Booster Juice and was telling him all their secrets.
I got him to draw a bit, just to bring in something from normal life. Yesterday he needed to draw with his left hand as his entire right side was too sore. Today the right side is still very sore (the side the rib came out of) but he drew right handed anyway.
Yesterday's left handed drawing
Recovery begins
William's pain and discomfort was much more evident the day after surgery. What was a bit surprising was the amount his core body was sweating, even while his arms and legs were cool. He was supposed to try to sit up today but actually managed to get on his feet for a few seconds, which was very impressive to everyone. Everything went well for the surgery. They had removed a rib on his right side and material from four vertebrae.
William's surgery, part 1
We brought William to the hospital at about 6:15 am and they started getting him processed and ready for surgery. One of the surgeons had an emergency surgery early in the morning so William needed to be pushed back a couple of hours. Surgery began at about 10 and at about 3 we were told they were ready to close. However, he ended up longer in the final stages than we expected as a new technique of deflating and re-inflating the lung was used which allowed them to close without putting in a tube that would stick out of his body. We saw him finally at 5:45 in the recovery room, eating a pop-cycle and declaring "I feel great! ... except for the pain".
Drive to Saskatoon for surgery
I am writing this after William's surgery has been completed and we have gone home. I'll be putting each blog posting into the date that things happened but without the drama and tension that existed at the time as we worried. This is for documentation and memory purposes.
Before we drove to Saskatoon we saw Marc and Jess and all Marc's family at his father's memorial as at Slate. We didn't stay long but got back to the house, finished packing, and stopped in to Vic Cicanski's secret garden before hitting the highway.
In Saskatoon we checked into the Holiday Inn Express then went for supper. Mike was busy at first but made us reservations at a nice restaurant, Odla, on Broadway. Very nice. I wanted William to have a great meal before facing two weeks of hospital food and take out. He had the lamb. Storm came and rain fell hard.
Films, gardens, and storms
Today was William's summer vacation. I hope he can enjoy more of it, but if not, he will have had today to make a film with a couple of his friends (Xander and Griffin), buying them lunch and driving them around like a real trooper. The winds seem mild but off to the east, after sunset, I could see lightning flashes every three or four seconds for lengthy periods of time. Crazy. Margaret and I went to a few destinations of the Secret Garden Tour. Here is the cloud we could see from one of them:
University progress and Daniel Barrow presentation
Today William got his student card photo taken (three tries, still unhappy) and we also took care of a number of technical details regarding his university registration.
Later we attended the Dunlop opening which included a impressive presentation of projection art by Daniel Barrow. We saw him perform about 10 years ago and since then I've suggested his work to many grad students as a way of disrupting the method of production and finding new ways to engage more directly with audience.
Griffin arrived and we met him at the airport. William and he will be creating a new film tomorrow. They only have the one day window, so it will probably be crazy and hopefully more fun than stressful.
Two scenes for Gentleman Farmer
Headed out to the farm and shot significant portions of two scenes for Gentleman Farmer. The girls were out there but were roofing. On the first shot, I think I over wound the spring. It made a small ticking noise when I reached the maximum wind and then it wouldn't work. I had to mess around with it for ten minutes until finally it ran again. I avoided winding it to the maximum after that, which means my long takes (such as in the typewriter scene) are a few seconds shorter than I'd have liked.
Cut the shooting short as we wanted to get back for a presentation of videos by Christine Negas who usually only presents video work in galleries. The complete sixty minute body of her fifteen years of work was tied together by a motif of death with which she really seemed to hide from saying anything with any great depth about herself or, for that matter, about death. Some funny stuff here and there, but also some parts that were disappointingly sloppy.
Return of Mooky
Mooky dropped by the house, hung around the deck and told some really thrilling (and sometimes distressing) stories about her recent work on the Circus Flora where she just returned from. Wonderful crazy stressful memorable times. Great to see her.
Computer frustration
Frustrated by computers today. Insurance only accepts their app or fax or mail. Who doesn't accept email? Margaret's computer won't see the internet, no matter what I've done. Went and bought a new internet connection thing (a usb with an antena on it) so I hope that works. I didn't do much animation today, even though my whole day was in front of the computer. Allan was over. We hit OTV and Chapters before going home and completing the storyboards for Pud 2.
Labels: Allan Dotson, Pud
Margaret had a tire problem. As I drove to pick her up from the shop, I got a call which reminded me why I had wanted to get to the office today - my comptuer was to be updated and I wanted to put my room in order. Too late - Andrea called and asked if I wanted a large monitor or a duel monitor (duel of course).
Leaving Saskatoon
We'll be back soon enough, but not to be living and relaxing in the style of the past couple of days.
Comedy of Errors
Although it was one of the least plausible Shakespeare plays, we really liked the Comedy of Errors set in a Florida trailer park with twin brothers separated at birth, one living in Canada, the other in red neck USA. Kenn played one of the leads. We got a chance to chat afterwards, but only briefly as the final set of notes from the director were about to be discussed. The girls drove up and stayed at an Air BNB and came to the play with us. We cruised around 20th street before the play, finding food and public art (likely a Nachtigall).
Labels: Shakespeare
More hospital tests
girls and cake
July 1 and sabbatical begins

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10 new tracks from the Detroit-born rapper are here.
"I don't want people to feel like I was a gangsta so I have to be a gangsta all my life. Naw," Molly Brazy told The FADER in her recent GEN F profile. "I just want to be the biggest star." It's safe to say the Atlanta-via-Detroit rapper is moving closer to that goal with her album Queen Pin, out now. The 10-track project is full of demonic threats and vulnerable moments, and paints the picture of an artist with flows as piercing as the bullets she frequently raps about. Listen to Queen Pin below.


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Home News Province sells Tafelberg site despite protests
Province sells Tafelberg site despite protests
Reclaim the City supporters expressed their disappointment after Cabinet's decision to sell the Tafelberg site. Picture: MATTHEW HIRSCH
We will be back in our numbers – this was the message from Reclaim The City supporters after Provincial Cabinet decided to sell the contested Tafelberg site in Sea Point.
Provincial Cabinet made the announcement on Wednesday March 22 despite a campaign to use the land, which was owned by the Department of Public Works, as a location for affordable housing. Instead cabinet said they had prioritised the Woodstock Hospital site and the Helen Bowden Nurses Home in Granger Bay as sites for affordable housing.
After the Department of Public Works sold the site to the Phyllis Jowell Jewish Day School for R135 million, Reclaim The City and Ndifuna Ukwazi blocked the sale in May last year after a high court settlement, arguing that the public participation process was not followed properly.
In November last year the Western Cape Government released a feasibility study on affordable housing at the site and received submissions both for and against it.
Reclaim The City supporters expressed their disappointment at Wednesday's decision by holding a protest at the provincial legislature. Reclaim The City spokesperson Elizabeth Gqoboka, said they were disappointed but would be back. "We are not going to leave matters like this and we have decided from here that we are going to take further steps."
She added that there would be a meeting with campaign members soon that would decide the way forward. "We are going to mobilise the people to come together. I cannot speak on their behalf because they are not here but we are not happy with the outcome. They (Province) knew what the the people in Sea Point and the Western Cape were going through. It is the land that is there that could be used to accommodate the working class people. Now they are trying to get out of what they put themselves in and dominate us but we are not going to leave it like that. We are going to come back with more numbers."
Isa Jacobson, of the Sea Point for All group, said she was extremely disappointed with the decision. "They had an amazing opportunity and they have failed the people who need it the most,"
A Reclaim The City press statement said: "The Western Cape Provincial Cabinet's decision to sell the Tafelberg site to the Phyllis Jowell Day School is unjust and an insult to black and coloured working class people throughout Cape Town – who are the vast majority of residents in our city. With this decision, Premier Helen Zille's government has missed a critical opportunity to commit to build affordable housing in the Cape Town inner-city. They have laid bare their intention to capitalise from our public assets at all costs, in the face of considerable public opposition. They have shown a deep contempt for the principle of using public land to reverse apartheid spatial planning."
"We will never accept the stripping of our well-located public land – land that could and should be used for affordable housing – to private entities. We are planning a robust response, after consultation with our lawyers, housing experts and our supporters."
Condemning the Provincial Cabinet's decision, the ANC said it will lobby for the Tafelberg site to be expropriated in the public interest if the sale goes ahead. They said they will also be laying a complaint with the Public Protector and request her office to launch a full investigation into this matter.
The Provincial Cabinet said they decided to go ahead with the sale of the Tafelberg site, having received presentations from various departments and the full set of public comments.
A statement issued by Ms Zille's spokesperson Michael Mpofu, on behalf of the Western Cape Cabinet, said: "Cabinet accepted that it cannot achieve all its strategic objectives on every single site. On the basis of what was presented to cabinet, including the current pipeline for affordable housing in the Metro, the two aforementioned decisions, legal advice from senior counsel, affordability risks, fiscal constraints in the current economic climate, cabinet resolved that the Tafelberg site is not ideally suited to affordable housing, especially as the state subsidy cannot be utilised there under current national policy."
Mr Mpofu added: "Sea Point, where the Tafelberg property is located, also falls outside of a restructuring zone. This is as per the advice of legal counsel to cabinet, which was requested following this risk being pointed out during the course of public participation on the Tafelberg site."
Provincial Cabinet also said they had prioritised the Woodstock Hospital site and the Helen Bowden Nurses Home as sites for affordable housing.
"Affordable housing is a strategic priority of the provincial government, particularly as it relates to the reintegration of Cape Town to combat the legacy of apartheid spatial planning. The Province's Better Living Model Game Changer is making progress in creating well-located affordable housing, through mixed income, mixed-use developments.
"In Pinelands, a residential feeder suburb to the inner city of Cape Town, 22 hectares of land are immediately available. We have calculated that 3 600 residential opportunities can be built on this site. This will include a mix of affordable housing options to be cross-subsidised by open market properties and retail space. A total of 3 000 units are also planned for the Belhar CBD, where a mixed-use high density residential development will create an urban context around nearby education facilities – the University of the Western Cape, the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Northlink College and the provincial government's Oasis School for children with barriers to learning," said Mr Mpofu.
Last week, vice-chairperson of Phyllis Jowell Jewish Day School, Lance Katz, said they would abide by whatever decision Province made regarding the sale.
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