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  TypeEncounter

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  com.google.inject

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Interfaces

BindingScopingVisitor<V>

BindingTargetVisitor<T, V>

ConstructorBinding<T>

ConvertedConstantBinding<T>

Element

ElementVisitor<V>

ExposedBinding<T>

HasDependencies

InjectionListener<I>

InstanceBinding<T>

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PrivateElements

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DefaultBindingScopingVisitor<V>

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Elements

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MembersInjectorLookup<T>

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ProvisionListener.ProvisionInvocation<T>

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RequireAtInjectOnConstructorsOption

RequireExactBindingAnnotationsOption

RequireExplicitBindingsOption

ScopeBinding

StaticInjectionRequest

TypeConverterBinding

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  Since: API Level Guice_2.0

    public

    interface

TypeEncounter

        com.google.inject.spi.TypeEncounter<I>

Class Overview

Context of an injectable type encounter. Enables reporting errors, registering injection
 listeners and binding method interceptors for injectable type I. It is an error to use
 an encounter after the <a href="../../../../com/google/inject/spi/TypeListener.html#hear(com.google.inject.TypeLiteral, com.google.inject.spi.TypeEncounter)">hear() method has
 returned.

Summary

Public Methods

        <nobr>
            abstract

            void</nobr>

        <nobr>
        addError(Message message)</nobr>

Records an error message to be presented to the user at a later time.

        <nobr>
            abstract

            void</nobr>

        <nobr>
        addError(String message, Object... arguments)</nobr>

Records an error message for type I which will be presented to the user at a later
 time.

        <nobr>
            abstract

            void</nobr>

        <nobr>
        addError(Throwable t)</nobr>

Records an exception for type I, the full details of which will be logged, and the
 message of which will be presented to the user at a later time.

        <nobr>
            abstract

            void</nobr>

        <nobr>
        <a href="../../../../com/google/inject/spi/TypeEncounter.html#bindInterceptor(com.google.inject.matcher.Matcher<? super java.lang.reflect.Method>, org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor...)">bindInterceptor(Matcher<? super Method> methodMatcher, MethodInterceptor... interceptors)</nobr>

Binds method interceptor[s] to methods matched in type I and its supertypes.

        <nobr>
            abstract

            <T>
            MembersInjector<T></nobr>

        <nobr>
        <a href="../../../../com/google/inject/spi/TypeEncounter.html#getMembersInjector(com.google.inject.TypeLiteral<T>)">getMembersInjector(TypeLiteral<T> typeLiteral)</nobr>

Returns the members injector used to inject dependencies into methods and fields on instances
 of the given type T.

        <nobr>
            abstract

            <T>
            MembersInjector<T></nobr>

        <nobr>
        <a href="../../../../com/google/inject/spi/TypeEncounter.html#getMembersInjector(java.lang.Class<T>)">getMembersInjector(Class<T> type)</nobr>

Returns the members injector used to inject dependencies into methods and fields on instances
 of the given type T.

        <nobr>
            abstract

            <T>
            Provider<T></nobr>

        <nobr>
        <a href="../../../../com/google/inject/spi/TypeEncounter.html#getProvider(com.google.inject.Key<T>)">getProvider(Key<T> key)</nobr>

Returns the provider used to obtain instances for the given injection key.

        <nobr>
            abstract

            <T>
            Provider<T></nobr>

        <nobr>
        <a href="../../../../com/google/inject/spi/TypeEncounter.html#getProvider(java.lang.Class<T>)">getProvider(Class<T> type)</nobr>

Returns the provider used to obtain instances for the given injection type.

        <nobr>
            abstract

            void</nobr>

        <nobr>
        <a href="../../../../com/google/inject/spi/TypeEncounter.html#register(com.google.inject.MembersInjector<? super I>)">register(MembersInjector<? super I> membersInjector)</nobr>

Registers a members injector for type I.

        <nobr>
            abstract

            void</nobr>

        <nobr>
        <a href="../../../../com/google/inject/spi/TypeEncounter.html#register(com.google.inject.spi.InjectionListener<? super I>)">register(InjectionListener<? super I> listener)</nobr>

Registers an injection listener for type I.

Public Methods

        public

        abstract

        void

      addError
      (Message message)

  Since: API Level Guice_2.0

Records an error message to be presented to the user at a later time.

        public

        abstract

        void

      addError
      (String message, Object... arguments)

  Since: API Level Guice_2.0

Records an error message for type I which will be presented to the user at a later
 time. Unlike throwing an exception, this enable us to continue configuring the Injector and
 discover more errors. Uses format(String, Object[]) to insert the arguments
 into the message.

        public

        abstract

        void

      addError
      (Throwable t)

  Since: API Level Guice_2.0

Records an exception for type I, the full details of which will be logged, and the
 message of which will be presented to the user at a later time. If your type listener calls
 something that you worry may fail, you should catch the exception and pass it to this method.

<A NAME="bindInterceptor(com.google.inject.matcher.Matcher<? super java.lang.reflect.Method>, org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor...)">

        public

        abstract

        void

      bindInterceptor
      (Matcher<? super Method> methodMatcher, MethodInterceptor... interceptors)

  Since: API Level Guice_2.0

Binds method interceptor[s] to methods matched in type I and its supertypes. A
 method is eligible for interception if:

Guice created the instance the method is on

Neither the enclosing type nor the method is final

And the method is package-private or more accessible

Parameters

          methodMatcher
          matches methods the interceptor should apply to. For
     example: annotatedWith(Transactional.class).

          interceptors
          to bind

<A NAME="getMembersInjector(com.google.inject.TypeLiteral<T>)">

        public

        abstract

        MembersInjector<T>

      getMembersInjector
      (TypeLiteral<T> typeLiteral)

  Since: API Level Guice_2.0

Returns the members injector used to inject dependencies into methods and fields on instances
 of the given type T. The returned members injector will not be valid until the main
 injector has been created. The members injector will throw an IllegalStateException
 if you try to use it beforehand.

Parameters

          typeLiteral
          type to get members injector for

<A NAME="getMembersInjector(java.lang.Class<T>)">

        public

        abstract

        MembersInjector<T>

      getMembersInjector
      (Class<T> type)

  Since: API Level Guice_2.0

Returns the members injector used to inject dependencies into methods and fields on instances
 of the given type T. The returned members injector will not be valid until the main
 injector has been created. The members injector will throw an IllegalStateException
 if you try to use it beforehand.

Parameters

          type
          type to get members injector for

<A NAME="getProvider(com.google.inject.Key<T>)">

        public

        abstract

        Provider<T>

      getProvider
      (Key<T> key)

  Since: API Level Guice_2.0

Returns the provider used to obtain instances for the given injection key. The returned
 provider will not be valid until the injector has been created. The provider will throw an
 IllegalStateException if you try to use it beforehand.

<A NAME="getProvider(java.lang.Class<T>)">

        public

        abstract

        Provider<T>

      getProvider
      (Class<T> type)

  Since: API Level Guice_2.0

Returns the provider used to obtain instances for the given injection type. The returned
 provider will not be valid until the injetor has been created. The provider will throw an
 IllegalStateException if you try to use it beforehand.

<A NAME="register(com.google.inject.MembersInjector<? super I>)">

        public

        abstract

        void

      register
      (MembersInjector<? super I> membersInjector)

  Since: API Level Guice_2.0

Registers a members injector for type I. Guice will use the members injector after its
 performed its own injections on an instance of I.

<A NAME="register(com.google.inject.spi.InjectionListener<? super I>)">

        public

        abstract

        void

      register
      (InjectionListener<? super I> listener)

  Since: API Level Guice_2.0

Registers an injection listener for type I. Guice will notify the listener after all
 injections have been performed on an instance of I.

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text:
Unknown Unknowns #7 - The Fragility of New Ideas
May 28, 2021 2 min read Newsletter
Sorry for the late release! Today's note has a theme of "new ideas". Why you should nourish new ideas and how to cultivate and document them.
Something Interesting: Crazy New Ideas
Paul Graham's essays are always interesting and well-written. In Crazy New Ideas, he writes about how fragile new ideas are and how criticism of new ideas can make them whither on the vine.
Almost every great idea will change a paradigm and reject the status quo. Because of this, these new ideas sound terrible because most people like the status quo. It's also very easy to hate on a new idea.
Paul Graham wants you to be more open to crazy ideas and to be curious and encourage them.
Experiment - ODie
Last week, I started an experiment with ODie - recording my state of mind five times a day. I was successful and managed to note my mood fairly regularly over the past week. I noticed there's a difference between recording the feeling at the time and being late and recording it retrospectively. Recording it at the time makes it easier to put myself back in the moment and context of when I recorded it. Recording it retrospectively, you lose that context.
Reddy suggested that this was only the beginning and the real work would be to record things as they happen, not just at specified moment during the day. So I can see that this technique would help you "go back" to moments in time. But it's very cumbersome. Even pulling out your phone to record an emoji is a lot of friction.
The point of this exercise was to explore techniques in documenting how to build in public. When you're building something, there's a lot of monotony that's broken up by moments of insight. How do you curate the interesting and educational moments? It's like writing an autobiography as you live. It's hard to see the important bits when you're in the middle of it.
Which leads me to my Idea of the week...
Idea of the Week: Documenting "Building in Public"
The idea of building in public is great. You've all seen tweet threads of retrospectives of how people built their company or a product. The lessons, the hard work, the breakthroughs.
But how did they come up with the lessons they learned?
While you're in the middle of building, everything feels simultaneously important and mundane. You don't know what's important and what's tedious.
Can we build a tool to lower the friction of documenting building in public while also making it easier to pull out the lessons and interesting stories?
1. Lower the friction of documentation
2. Daily prompts for reflections
3. Make it easier to recognize important moments
4. Make it easier to recognize learning moments
5. Make it easier to recognize narratives
Questions, suggestions, complaints? Email me me at [email protected]. Feedback welcome.
If you enjoyed this newsletter, please share it with a friend or two. And feel free to send anything you find interesting to me!
Forwarded this message? Sign up to receive more here.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


And that's just a touch of it. Almost all the royals of Europe were/are related either by blood or marriage. It's crazy!
I guess I knew some of it, but not that it was almost all of them! And like arranged marriages for political reasons really.
Yep, royal marriages were all about duty, and only occasionally about love. However, both George and Nicholas very much loved their wives. Tragically, Nicholas' marriage will doomed as far as producing an heir – Alexis inherited hemophilia through his mother. And well.. the execution. Ahhh!
BTW, the relationship between Nicky and the granddaughter of his great-grandfather was that of first cousin once removed (1C1R), making the other relationship between Nicky and Willy that of second cousin once removed (2C1R).
Thank you! I can never keep that stuff straight! I haven't seen the video but will be sure to check it out. I'm reading Miranda Carter's book: George, Nicholas and Wilhelm – Three Royal Cousins and the Road to World War One. I appreciate the suggestion, thanks again!
To work out a relationship, just put the common ancestor's name in one of the blank boxes at the top of the chart, and plot the descendants down two adjacent columns. You draw a horizontal line between cousins of the same generation (1st, 2nd, etc.). A slanted line between two cousins shows how many "times removed" they are (meaning how many generations separate them from the original same-generation cousin relationship).
I enjoyed the Royal Cousins at War video enough to watch it multiple times.
Thank you for that! I found the videos online and watched them today. Excellent! Miranda Carter was a contributor to the documentary. I think you'll enjoy the book. Thanks again!
Fascinating history. Enjoyed the lesson.
It would have been so much better for the world had they decided to have a boxing match instead, or even a duel. However, as with all things throughout history, it comes down to power and money! Sound familiar anyone?
Yes! In reading about these rulers, especially Kaiser Wilhelm, I'm very much reminded how everything old is new again. Unfortunately….
Is there any indication that the hostilities between the royal families were made worse by their genetic relationship?
Between Wilhelm and his Uncle Edward for sure. He was very competitive and while he said he hated the British, he actually wanted to be just like them.
Thanks! I'm glad you enjoyed it. It's quite a complicated mess and an intriguing story.
Indeed, but so interesting. and yes, intriguing!


the 1934 jazz standard "Stars Fell on Alabama" was inspired by the Leonid meteor shower that was observed in Alabama a century earlier, in 1833?
Calyute was an Indigenous Australian resistance leader who led a raid on Shenton's Mill in Western Australia in 1834 for a half-tonne of flour?
the "O. P. Q. Letters" were written anonymously in a failed attempt to incite an insurrection in Texas in 1834?


My sister is successfully employed with a government firm as a Administrative Professional. To describe about our family, we belong to the Balai caste and looking for a match from the same community. We are a nuclear family with traditional values. My sister resides in Jhabua.
My name is Pradeep Singh and I am working as a Teaching / Academician in the Private sector. I have completed my M.A.. I grew up in a Middle class, Nuclear family with Liberal values.
I am a doctor with a Bachelor's degree currently working in private sector in Alirajpur. I belong to an upper middle class, joint family with traditional values.
My name is Naim and I am working as a Technician in the Private sector. I have completed my Higher Secondary School / High School. I grew up in a Middle class, Joint family with Liberal values.
I have a Bachelor's degree and I am employed in private Sector as an accounts/finance professional currently based in Jhabua. I belong to a middle class, joint family with orthodox values. People describe me as good-natured.
I am self-employed with a Diploma currently living in Alirajpur. I belong to a middle class, joint family with traditional values.
I have a Bachelor's degree and I am employed in Private Sector as a Social Worker currently based in Bhavra. I belong to a Middle class, Nuclear family with Liberal values.
I am employed in government Sector as an officer with a Bachelor's degree. I currently live in Alirajpur. I belong to an upper middle class, nuclear family with orthodox values.
I am employed in Government Sector as a Clerk with a Bachelor's degree. I currently live in Alirajpur. I belong to a Middle class, Nuclear family with Moderate values.


text:
Climbing the Mount of Appealability: When is an Appeal not an Appeal?
Once upon a time there was a magical place in a mythical county in rural Northern California. Let's call this magical place, Camelot.
Camelot was the subject of intense interest. Much debt was issued, secured by the lovely Camelot. Eager investors purchased interests in the Debt, hoping to someday gain a piece of Camelot. Eventually the Debt grew so big, it covered the entire expanse of Camelot.
One fellow—we'll call him Shylock–was particularly charmed by Camelot's beauty and value and he purchased interest after interest in the Debt, until he owned it all.
Now, two warring gentlemen lived on Camelot. We'll call them Romeo and Antonio. Romeo and Antonio each owned a 50% undivided interest of the lovely Camelot and 50% of the Debt. Don't ask how this came about for nobody knows. Perhaps fairies or a wicked witch had something to do with this unfortunate state of affairs.
But, Romeo and Antonio could not agree on who had to pay the Debt. Each tried to gain advantage over the other. So it came to pass that Camelot fell into that dreaded state called Default.
Shylock made a deal with Romeo and they both filed suit against the hapless Antonio. They wanted Camelot to be taken out of the state of Default and put into a State of Partition. Shylock and Romeo asked the judge for an accounting, to order Antonio pay the entire Debt, and to allow them a chance to foreclose on Antonio's share of Camelot to satisfy the Debt.
After a trial at which the threads of many fantasies were spun into gold, the judge decided in favor of Shylock and Romeo and held Antonio must pay all of the Debt secured by Camelot. The judge, not wanting to poke her nose where it might later get cut off, said nothing about putting Camelot into the State of Partition. Shylock and Romeo announced their intention to use the Judgment to foreclose on Camelot forthwith.
Now Shylock and Antonio, being the winners, were charged with creating a Judgment. They worked and they toiled and they slaved away and finally gave birth to a Judgment. Shylock and Romeo christened it "Judgment for Partition."
The judge, unfamiliar with the works of William Shakespeare and fairy tales, signed the Judgment for Partition and laid down her quill with a satisfied sigh.
Everyone was well-pleased … except for Antonio.
Antonio fumed and he fretted and he paced and regretted, for several days. Finally, Antonio turned to his friend, Appellate Attorney. Appellate Attorney, being a compassionate soul, took pity on poor Antonio and promised to see what she could do to save his beloved Camelot.
Now Appellate Attorney knew that Antonio must first climb the Mount of Appealability before he could enter the hallowed halls of the Court Of Appeal. Many hopeful supplicants had tried to scale the mountain, only to be thrown down into the Pit of Despair.
Appellate Attorney carefully perused Code of Civil Procedure §904.1, which defines appealable judgments. She read Code of Civil Procedure §872.720, which expressly made a Judgment of Partition appealable, where it orders partition.
Now a dense fog obscured the peak of the Mount of Appealability, for the Judgment for Partition did not order Camelot into a State of Partition.
Appellate Attorney consulted oracles and sages, but none knew whether the Judgment Of Partition was appealable. Alas, no court in the land had published a word to dispel the fog.
Finally, Appellate Attorney threw up her hands in despair. "I cannot decipher whether Judgment for Partition is an appealable judgment." Antonio would have to take his chances.
So Appellate Attorney filed Antonio's Notice of Appeal, hoping they would reach their destination in safety.
They awaited their fate.
Finally, a Man on Horseback appeared. "I come from the Court Of Appeal," he announced. "They want Antonio to know they have received his appeal. But they are in a State of Indecision. Is the Judgment for Partition appealable or not?"
Appellate Attorney fell to her knees. "Please, kind sir," she wailed. "Please, tell them I have studied and I have consulted with others, but no one knows the answer!"
The Man on Horseback looked kindly at the despairing Appellate Attorney. "Then," he said, "you must give them further briefing."
Appellate Attorney grasped the Sword of Justice that hung at her side. She rose to her feet and wiped her tears away.
"I shall do so," she said. "For the sake of Camelot and Antonio, I will reach the top of the Mount of Appealability."
"Do as you will," said the Man on Horseback. "I must be off to deliver the news to Romeo and Shylock." He tipped his hat and galloped away.
So Appellate Attorney went back to her quill and her parchment and wrote to the Court Of Appeal. She worked all through the night, until the cock crowed and the sun rose.
She started with the rule that where a judgment effectively disposes of all of the interests between the parties on appeal, it is final and therefore appealable. (See, e.g., Millsap v. Federal Express Corp. (1991) 227 Cal.App.3d 425, 430; Canandaigua Wine Co., Inc. v. County of Madera (2009) 177 Cal.App.4th 298, 303; Eisenberg, California Practice Guide, Civil Appeals & Writs, §2.38.) She argued that Romeo and Shylock made an election of remedies by explicitly waiving the remedy of partition, so that the Judgment of Partition disposed of all of the parties' interests and was therefore a Final Judgment. (Roam v. Koop (1974) 41 Cal.App.3d 1035, 1039; California Golf, LLC v. Cooper (2008) 163 Cal.App.4th 1053, 1065.)
Finally, she threw Antonio on the Court's mercy, arguing that in extraordinary circumstances, the esteemed Court Of Appeal may take pity on poor Antonio and treat his appeal as a Petition for a Writ. (In re MR (2013) 220 Cal.App.4th 49, 65; H.D. Arnaiz, Ltd., v. County of San Joaquin (2003) 96 Cal.App.4th 1357, 1366-67.) She argued that Antonio's potential loss of title to Camelot due to foreclosure to satisfy a debt improperly allocated to Antonio constituted extraordinary circumstances.
In the morning, Appellate Attorney sent off her brief with a kiss and a prayer.
Again, Antonio and Appellate Attorney awaited their fate.
Spring turned into Summer.
Soon word came from a member of Appellate Attorney's network that the Court Of Appeal had decided a case very similar to Antonio's, Summer v. Superior Court (2018) 24 Cal.App.5th 138. Taking advantage of California Rules of Court, Rule 8.254, which allowed Appellate Attorney to submit supplemental briefing regarding new authority that was not available at the time her brief was filed, Appellate Attorney wrote again to the Court Of Appeal.
The Man on Horseback returned. Wordlessly, he handed Appellate Attorney a large scroll of parchment tied with a red ribbon and galloped away.
Appellate Attorney ran to Antonio and together they unrolled the parchment. Antonio could not read, so Appellate Attorney read it to him.
Happily for Antonio, the Court of Appeal decided that, while the Judgment of Partition was not an appealable judgment because it did not order Camelot to be put into the State of Partition, it would have mercy on Antonio and treat his appeal as a writ petition.
Appellate Attorney and Antonio jumped for joy upon learning that they had scaled not the Mount of Appealability, but the even more treacherous Moat of Writ Petitions.
But more happiness awaited Antonio. The Court Of Appeal told him he was not required to pay all of the Debt on his beloved Camelot because the law required Romeo and Antonio to each pay his own half of the Debt.
In his joy, Antonio paid Appellate Attorney her modest fee and departed for home. On his way, he encountered a small creek with a footbridge controlled by an angry troll. In addition to being angry, the troll was very stupid. Perhaps that is why he was angry.
"I will let you cross the bridge if you ask me a riddle I cannot solve," demanded the troll. Antonio saw the creek was very shallow and he could just wade across. He also saw the troll was carrying a bag full of silver on his belt.
"I will ask you a riddle, but if you cannot solve it, you not only must allow me to cross, you must also pay me 10 pieces of silver." Being stupid, the troll agreed.
Antonio thought for a moment. Finally, he said, "I imagine you have heard that lawyers never lose their appeal?"
The troll nodded. "I have."
"When does an attorney lose her appeal and yet win her appeal?" asked Antonio.
Knowing nothing of appellate procedure, the troll could not answer.
"When its a writ!" declared Antonio.
Taking advantage of the troll's confusion, Antonio grabbed the bag of silver—which was now rightfully his after all—and ran over the bridge.
Antonio returned home, paid his part of the Debt on Camelot and lived there happily ever after.
Anatomy of an Appeal – What to expect
8 Things Kids Want Parents to Know During Divorce


As an owner/pilot of a Tiger Moth, I am familar with the Queen Bee, how I have no idea how these were used. Were they a target, or did they tow a target drone.
I am sure that many would be interested to know just what were the techniques used in operating these aeroplanes.
I dont know if they were aimed at or had a target drone, but i have some info on the control systems if that would be of interest.
They were, what would be called today "an expendable target drone".
Radio controlled, they were launched by catapult, then radio controlled using pulse signals from (honest) an old-style telephone dial.
Dialing nine or ......... gave you a dive.
At the end of a flight, if the aeroplane was still intact, it either was ditched and recovered, landed on floats, or on rare occaisions, landed back, at which point when a long antenna touched the surface, the mags were cut off and up elevator selected.
Three survive. One under restoration in the USA. The Salisbury Hall static exhibit (front cockpit showing test dial etc shown below) and the sole flying example which lives at RAF Henlow, owned by the 'Beekeepers' syndicate.
If you need to know more - I can recommend a very good Haynes Tiger Moth Manual !!!
Last edited by low'n'slow; 6th January 2010, 12:21.
low n slow is quite correct although, I believe, they were also used in an 'off-shoot' sortie where naturally the aircraft was not designed to be lost. As stated the landings could be somewhat perilous as this photo of a No.1 A.A.C.U. 'V' Flight Queen Bee P-4700 shows. Note the long anatenna has wrapped around the tail. Photo taken at RAF Cleave approx 1940 although this machine survived until 1943 when lost off Manorbier 05.03.1943 whilst with the P.R.U.
Couple of photos of the flying example, both from 2009, Little Gransden and North Weald .... Keith.
I wonder how a Queen Bee would go as a scratch built "Tiger" from memory they are essentially a Tiger Moth with a wooden fuselage.
In Australia, the most difficult bit to get for a Tiger project is the fuselage.
What to others think, is there plans around for the fuselage? I know a guy that has just purchased a semi-trailer (I kid you not) of tiger spares and I think I might be able to talk him around to building one if the fuselage plans were available.
Last edited by Proctor VH-AHY; 29th October 2009, 23:20.
If he has any tailskid castings (the bushed part which the spring attaches to - not the actual pad) I'm in the market!
Can't check at the moment, he is out of the country, I will try and find out. Is this the bit that the tail skid bolts onto. It is a bit of pipe bushed hinge on one end and as you sai the spring attaches to it. From memory this is a welded part and not a casting on Australian Tigers, not sure about pommie ones.
I'll get a piccie to you - mine has worn both in the bushing and in the block - a new bush might take some of the play out for a moment but ultimately it all needs replacing.
FB - doesn't the dHMC not have one in their Stockbox?
If you are still stuck, PM me - I might be able to put you in touch with the required part - a picture would help me too.


text:
Re-evaluation of celluloses
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of microcrystalline cellulose (E 460(i)), powdered cellulose (E 460(ii)), methyl cellulose (E 461), ethyl cellulose (E 462), hydroxypropyl cellulose (E 463), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (E 464), ethyl methyl cellulose (E 465), sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (E 466), enzymatically hydrolysed carboxy methyl cellulose (E 469) and cross-linked carboxy methyl cellulose (E 468) as food additives. These celluloses are authorised as food additives in accordance with Annex II and Annex III of Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008.
Cellulose is a linear glucose homopolymer consisting of glucopyranose units linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds; its molecular formula is (C6H10O5)m, with the degree of polymerisation (DP) dependent on the origin of the cellulolytic material. Cellulose molecular weight has been calculated to be approximately in the range 50,000–2,500,000. In modified celluloses, the chemical and physical characteristics of the native substances are modified in order to confer different technological properties for particular food applications.
Microcrystalline cellulose is purified, partially depolymerised cellulose prepared by treating α-cellulose, obtained as a pulp from strains of fibrous plant material, while powdered cellulose is purified, mechanically disintegrated cellulose prepared by processing α-cellulose.
Methyl cellulose (E 461), ethyl cellulose (E 462), hydroxypropyl cellulose (E 463), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (E 464) and ethyl methyl cellulose (E 465) are celluloses obtained synthetically from fibrous plant material. Each of the celluloses is partially etherified with methyl groups, ethyl groups, hydroxypropyl groups and contains a small degree of hydroxypropyl substitution, and methyl and ethyl groups, respectively.
Microcrystalline cellulose (E 460(i)) and powdered cellulose (E 460(ii)) have been previously evaluated by the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF), the most recent evaluation dating in 1999. In 1999, the SCF assessed additional toxicological data and confirmed the 'ADI not specified', established in 1978. As a matter of precaution, the Committee repeated the advice given in 1995, according to which, the particle size should not be lower than 5 μm with a tolerance of 10% by the number of particles.
The latest evaluation of methyl cellulose (E 461), ethyl cellulose (E 462), hydroxypropyl cellulose (E 463), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (E 464), methyl ethyl cellulose (E 465), carboxy methyl cellulose (E 466) by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) was done in 1989 (JECFA, 1990), where an acceptable daily intake (ADI) 'not specified' was established for each modified cellulose. Latest evaluation of enzymatically hydrolysed carboxy methyl cellulose (E 469) was done in 1998 (JECFA, 1999a,b) and an ADI 'not specified' was established. The ADI for cross-linked sodium carboxy methyl cellulose previously established by JECFA (2003) is 'not specified' based on the substance being poorly absorbed and of low toxicity, with which is in agreement with the known low toxicity of other modified celluloses.
Animal and human data clearly demonstrated that microcrystalline cellulose (E 460(i)) and powdered cellulose (E 460(ii)) are not absorbed intact in the gastrointestinal tract and could be fermented during their passage through the large intestine by strains of bacteria found in the human colon. Data for methyl cellulose (E 461), hydroxypropyl cellulose (E 463), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (E 464), ethyl methyl cellulose (E 465), sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (E 466), cross-linked sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (E 468) and enzymatically hydrolysed carboxy methyl cellulose (E 469) demonstrated that these modified celluloses are not absorbed intact, not fermented and are excreted intact via the faeces. The Panel noted that microcrystalline, powdered and modified celluloses would not be absorbed intact and would be less fermented than other polysaccharides such as gums, starches or pectins.
Specific toxicity data were not always available for all the celluloses evaluated in the present opinion and for all endpoints. In general, the most complete data sets were available for microcrystalline cellulose (E 460(i)) and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (E 466). However, given their structural, physicochemical and biological similarities, the Panel considered it possible to read-across between all the celluloses.
Data on acute oral toxicity are available for microcrystalline cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose. These indicate a low oral acute toxicity.
Short-term and subchronic toxicity studies have been performed with microcrystalline cellulose (E 460(i)), methyl cellulose (E 461), ethyl cellulose (E 462), hydroxypropyl cellulose (E 463), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (E 464), sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (E 466) and enzymatically hydrolysed carboxy methyl cellulose (E 469). In the majority of studies, animals were dosed via diet at levels up to 10%. Effects on body weight at the highest dose tested (10%) were reported in some, but not all studies, which may reflect nutritional constraints rather than toxicity. No adverse effects were reported with most of the tested celluloses, except for local effects on caecal size due to the presence of undigested fibre. Groups of 20 Albino Wistar outbred rats per sex were dosed with carboxy methyl cellulose (E 466) or enzymatically hydrolysed carboxy methyl cellulose (E 469) via diet with 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 10% (up to 6,800 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day) for up to 102 days. Effects on caecal weight, urothelial hyperplasia, pelvic nephrocalcinosis, corticomedullary nephrocalcinosis and increased incidence of diffuse epithelial hyperplasia in the urinary bladder were observed. However, the findings in kidneys and urinary bladder were attributed to the concentration of sodium, which was up to fourfold higher in the test diet compared with the basal diet. The Panel noted that this was a plausible explanation for the reported findings.
Avicel® RCN-15 (a mixture of 85% microcrystalline cellulose with 15% guar gum) did not induce mutagenic effects in the presence or absence of a metabolic activation system in bacterial reverse mutation assays (Batt, 1992), in a gene mutation assay in mouse lymphoma cells (at thymidine kinase locus) (Cifone, 1992), in an in vitro test for unscheduled DNA synthesis (McKeon, 1992) and in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assays (Murli, 1992). Negative results were also reported with other microcrystalline cellulose preparations in other unpublished studies (Documentation provided to EFSA no. 34, 35, 36, 37). Overall, the Panel concluded that microcrystalline cellulose (E 460(i)) and powdered cellulose (E 460(ii)), which only differs for polymerisation degree, do not raise concern for genotoxicity.
Concerning methyl cellulose and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, both substances were negative in Ames tests with different Salmonella Typhimurium strains, both with and without metabolic activation (Litton Bionetics Inc., 1975, 1980, Blevins and Taylor, 1982; Ishidate et al., 1984). Negative results were also obtained in a chromosomal aberration assay in Chinese hamster fibroblasts (CHL) (Ishidate et al., 1984), only performed without metabolic activation, and in host-mediated assays with yeast and bacteria (Litton Bionetics Inc., 1974, 1975).
Methyl cellulose was also tested with negative results in an in vitro chromosomal aberration assay in human embryonic lung cells (WI-38), and in vivo in a chromosome aberration assay in rat bone marrow and in the dominant lethal assay in male rats (Litton Bionetics Inc., 1974).
Therefore, the Panel concluded that methyl cellulose and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose do not raise concern for genotoxicity.
The Panel also considered that read-across from methyl cellulose (E 461) to the other modified celluloses bearing similar simple substituents (E 462, E 463, E 464, E 466) was scientifically justified, and supported by the in silico analysis, which did not highlight additional structural alerts for genotoxicity, and concluded that either these modified celluloses did not raise genotoxic concern. Similarly, the Panel considered scientifically justified the read-across from sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (E 466) to its products of enzymatic hydrolysis (E 469) or cross-linking (E 468), which do not bear additional structural determinants of genotoxicity. Overall, the Panel concluded that microcrystalline and powdered cellulose (E 460(i) and E 460(ii)) and modified celluloses (E 461−E 469) do not raise concern for genotoxicity.
Chronic toxicity studies have been performed with microcrystalline cellulose (E 460(i)), methyl cellulose (E 461), hydroxypropyl cellulose (E 463), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (E 464), ethyl methyl cellulose (E 465) and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (E 466). Although there were some inconsistencies in the data, the main effects seen were decreases in body weight gain at the highest dose, which are likely to be due to the amount/bulk of celluloses in the diet leading to nutritional imbalance. Furthermore, in a chronic feeding study with microcrystalline cellulose (E 460(i)), some dystrophic calcification of renal tubules was observed in the high dose group (15,000 mg/kg bw per day). The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) values reported ranged up to 9,000 mg/kg bw per day. The Panel concluded that microcrystalline cellulose and modified celluloses have no carcinogenic properties and that there was no reason to expect carcinogenic properties with powdered cellulose (E 460(ii)).
Concerning reproductive and developmental toxicity, data are available for microcrystalline cellulose (E 460(i)), methyl cellulose (E 461), hydroxypropyl cellulose (E 463) and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (E 466). The substances were tested in mice, rats, hamsters and/or rabbits with oral dosing via gavage (FDLI, 1973, 1975; Ferch, 1973a,b; Cannon Labs, 1975, 1977; Kitagawa et al., 1978a,b; Fritz and Becker, 1981; Freeman, 1992b). Adverse effects on reproductive performance or developmental effects were not observed with modified and unmodified celluloses at doses greater than 1,000 mg/kg bw by gavage (often the highest dose tested).
Specific toxicity data were not always available for all the celluloses for all endpoints. In general, the most complete data sets were available for microcrystalline cellulose (E 460(i)) and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (E 466). Given the similarities in their structure, relevant physicochemical, metabolic and toxicological properties, the Panel considered it possible to read-across between all the celluloses.
In addition, the Panel noted that methyl cellulose (E 461) and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (E 466) were frequently used in the formulations for administration of xenobiotics by gavage in chronic, reproductive and developmental toxicity and carcinogenicity studies. In these studies, there should be a negative control group receiving the formulation alone. Although modified cellulose levels were usually only up to 2%, given the number of studies and group sizes in these studies, the overall number of animals tested would be very large. The Panel considered that the absence of reported adverse effects from such vehicle control groups provided additional evidence of the lack of safety concern for modified celluloses at levels up to 2% in the vehicle.
There was evidence that repeated doses up to 35 g/person of microcrystalline cellulose or powdered cellulose did not adversely affect clinical chemistry and haematological parameters and had no effect on the absorption and/or the metabolism of dietary constituents.
Some modified celluloses have been used in patients suffering from diarrhoea or constipation. In general, it can be concluded that an oral ingestion of up to 6,000 mg/person per day for 8 months was well tolerated.
The Panel noted that carboxy methyl cellulose was one of the food additives reported to alter the gut microbiota, promote gut inflammation, promote obesity and to impair glycaemic control in mice (Chassaing et al., 2015). In several studies, other emulsifiers have been reported to alter the gut microbiota, promote gut inflammation, promote obesity and to impair glycaemic control in experimental studies with animals (Swidsinski et al., 2009a,b; Renz et al., 2012; Merga et al., 2014; Cani and Everard, 2015; Chassaing et al., 2015; Romano-Keeler and Weitkamp, 2015; Lecomte et al., 2016; Shah et al., 2017).
Some of the effects associated with emulsifiers are not systematically studied as specific endpoints in toxicity studies performed according to current toxicity testing guidelines; therefore, they would have be investigated on a case-by-case basis if indicated by the results of the general toxicity testing, as recommended in the Guidance for submission of food additives (EFSA ANS Panel, 2012).
The Panel considered that based on the animal data, the toxicity of microcrystalline, powdered and modified celluloses was low and that NOAELs were generally the highest dose tested (up to at least 9,000 mg/kg bw per day). In addition, the large cumulative group of exposed animals from use in control populations to 2% would indicate that there. There were no reasons why humans would be expected to be more sensitive than animals in toxicodynamics or. The available data in humans indicate that daily doses of up to 6,000 mg for around 8 months were not associated with adverse effects; however in line with many other dietary fibres, large bolus intakes of celluloses were occasionally associated with laxation, but there was a lack of dose–response data available.
The Panel considered that in line with the conceptual framework, it would be useful if risk managers had an indicative total exposure (daily consumption value) for microcrystalline, powdered and modified celluloses used as food additives, which would not pose a health risk and uses up to this value would not require a further risk assessment. The Panel considered this could be based on all the reported NOAELs from subchronic and chronic toxicity studies (ranging from 2100 to more than 9000 mg/kg bw/day), human data and allowing for interindividual uncertainty. The Panel considered an indicative total exposure (daily consumption value) of around 660 to 900 mg/kg bw per day for microcrystalline, powdered and modified celluloses.
To assess the dietary exposure to celluloses (E 460–466, E 468 and E 469) from their use as food additives, the combined exposure was calculated based on (1) maximum levels of data provided to EFSA (defined as the maximum level exposure assessment scenario) and (2) reported use levels (defined as the refined exposure assessment scenario brand-loyal and non-brand-loyal consumer scenario).
Celluloses (E 460–466, E 468 and E 469) are authorised in a wide range of foods. The Panel did identify brand loyalty to specific food categories in infants and toddlers (e.g. flavoured drinks). Further, the Panel considered that the non-brand-loyal scenario covering other population groups was appropriate and a realistic scenario for risk characterisation because it was assumed that the population would probably be exposed long-term to the food additive present at the mean reported use in processed food.
A refined estimated exposure assessment scenario taking into account the food for special medical purpose (FSMP) for infants and young children (Food category (FC) 13.1.5.1 dietary foods for infants for special medical purposes and special formulae for infants and 13.1.5.2 dietary foods for babies and young children for special medical purposes as defined by Commission Directive 1999/22/EC in which E 466 is authorised) was also performed to estimate exposure for infants and toddlers who may be on a specific diet. However, no reported use levels were made available by industry for these food categories. Thus, MPLs of E 466 for FSMP were used. The Panel noted that according to Mintel, very few baby foods were on the European market containing E 466. This was in line with the fact that no data were submitted for the food categories 13.1.5.1 and 13.1.5.2.
A refined estimated exposure assessment scenario taking into account the consumption of food supplements for consumers only, were also performed to estimate exposure for children, adolescents, adults and the elderly, as exposure via food supplements may deviate largely from that via food, and the number of food supplements consumers may be low depending on populations and surveys.
The refined estimates were based on 26 out of 84 food categories in which celluloses (E 460–466, E 468 and E 469) are authorised. The Panel considered that the uncertainties identified would, in general, result in an overestimation of the exposure to celluloses (E 460–466, E 468 and E 469) as food additives in European countries for the refined scenario if it is considered that the food additives may not be used in food categories for which no usage data have been provided.
The Panel noted that given the information from the Mintel's Global New Products Database (GNPD), it may be assumed that celluloses (E 460–466, E 468 and E 469) are used in food categories for which no data have been provided by food industry. The main food categories, in terms of amount consumed, not taken into account were processed fermented milk products, cheeses (unripened, processed), fish and fishery products and breakfast cereals. However, according to the Mintel GNPD, in the European Union (EU) market, a small percentage (< 1%) of food products belonging to these food categories are labelled with celluloses (E 460–466, E 468 and E 469). Therefore, the Panel considered that if these uncertainties were confirmed, it would result in a slight underestimation of the exposure.
The Panel further noted that the exposure to celluloses (E 460–466, E 468 and E 469) from their use according the Annex III to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 was not considered in the exposure assessment.
The Panel also noted that the refined exposure estimates were based on information provided on the reported levels of use of celluloses (E 460–466, E 468 and E 469). If actual practice changes, this refined estimates may no longer be representative and should be updated.
Following the conceptual framework for the risk assessment of certain food additives re-evaluated under Commission Regulation (EU) No 257/2010 (EFSA ANS Panel, 2014) and given that:
their structural, physicochemical and biological similarities, allows for read-across between all the celluloses
animal and human data demonstrate that microcrystalline cellulose (E 460(i)) and powdered cellulose (E 460(ii)) are not absorbed intact in the gastrointestinal tract but could be fermented by intestinal microbiota. Chemically modified celluloses are not absorbed intact, nor fermented, but are excreted intact via the faeces
using the read-across approach, adequate data on short- and long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity are available,
despite the limitations of some of the studies, the available data do not indicate a genotoxic concern for microcrystalline cellulose, methyl cellulose and carboxy methyl cellulose, and by read-across, of the other modified and unmodified celluloses
no adverse effects were reported after repeated doses up to 35 g/person of microcrystalline cellulose or powdered cellulose; oral ingestion of some modified celluloses up to 6,000 mg/person per day for 8 months in patients suffering from diarrhoea or constipation was well tolerated;
adequate combined exposure data were available; in the general population, the highest 95th percentile refined exposure assessment estimates calculated based on the reported data from food industry was 506 mg/kg bw per day in toddlers (brand-loyal scenario)
an indicative high refined exposure assessment of up to 448 mg/kg bw per day for the elderly has been calculated at the 95th percentile among the population classes consuming food supplements
The Panel concluded that there was no need for a numerical ADI and that there would be no safety concern at the reported uses and use levels for the unmodified and modified celluloses (E 460(i); E 460(ii); E 461–466; E 468 and E 469). The Panel further suggested an indicative total exposure (daily consumption value) of 660−900 mg/kg bw per day where these conclusions would remain valid.
Concerning the use of sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (E 466) in 'dietary foods for special medical purposes and special formulae for infants' (FC 13.1.5.1) and in 'dietary foods for babies and young children for special medical purposes as defined in Directive 1999/21/EC' (FC 13.1.5.2), and given that:
for infants and toddlers consumers only of FSMP, the highest 95th percentile refined exposure estimate was 1,557 mg/kg bw per day in infants;
no adequate specific studies addressing the safety of use of sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (E 466) in this population under certain medical conditions were available;
the Panel concluded, that the available data did not allow for an adequate assessment of the safety of use of sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (E 466) in infants and young children consuming foods belonging to the categories 13.1.5.1 and 13.1.5.2. The Panel noted that E 466 seemed not to be used in these food categories as no use or use levels were submitted by industry and only very few food belonging to these categories appeared to be labeled with E 466.
The Panel recommended that the European Commission considers lowering the maximum limits for the toxic elements arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium present as impurities in the EU specifications for unmodified and modified celluloses re-evaluated in the present opinion (E 460(i), E 460(ii), E 461, E 462, E 463, E 464, E 465, E 466, E 468 and E 469) should be revised to ensure that these food additives will not be a significant source of exposure to these toxic elements in food, in particular for infants and children.
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UFC 84 takes place this Saturday Night at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas and features a Main Event that features B.J. Penn vs. Sean Sherk for the Lightweight title in what should be the best fight of the night. There are several other great fights in the card so let's take a look at each of the matchups complete with analysis, predictions and the current UFC 84 odds.
Since losing to Keith Jardine at the season finale of The Ultimate Fighter 3, Gouveia has strung together 4 wins, all by knockout or submission. His most notable win was his last, when his fist connected with squarely on the jaw of rising light heavyweight star Jason Lambert.
Gouveia is facing undefeated croation fighter Goran Reljic. I've never seen Reljic fight, but I know that he is a Gracie fighter and holds a record of 7-0; five of those wins have come by way of submission. Still, this is Reljic's UFC debut. He has never fought in the states and the pressure may be a lot for him to handle. Gouveia is no slouch on the ground, and now that he has proven that he has some heavy hands, I look for him to win this fight by TKO/KO.
I look for Thiago Silva to be one of the rising light heavyweight stars in the years to come. Silva is an undefeated fighter with a vicious stand up game . He is 12-0 with 10 knockouts. I have heard that he has a great ground game also, but we have yet to see that. Silva has a tough test in Antonio Mendes. Antonio "Samuray" Mendes is a well-rounded fighter who trains with Europe Top Team. he has a 14-2 record, winning 4 fights by TKO and 3 by submission. I think this fight will be a slugfest to start, with Mendes looking for the takedown in the middle of round 1. I am curious to see Silva's ground game, but his knockouts are always entertaining. I believe Silva will come out on top, and further solidify his position as one of the up and coming stars of the light heavyweight division.
Before running into the roadblock known as Houston Alexander, Keith Jardine was moving closer and closer to a light heavyweight title shot. He took Houston Alexander lightly, and found himself viciously knocked out for his efforts, or lack there of. Jardine rebounded nicely in his next fight when he won a split decision against Chuck Liddell, and now he finds himself fighting Liddell's nemesis Wanderlei "The Axe Murderer" Silva.
Wanderlei Silva is coming off of three consecutive losses. He desperately needs a win and he needs a win in convincing fashion. I expect Jardine to be cautious, throwing his trademark leg kicks to keep Silva on the outside while using his reach to pepper Silva with punch combinations. Silva has already stated that his number one priority is putting on a good fight for the fans, win lose or draw, so you have to expect that Silva will be approaching this fight pretty fiercely. Wanderlei needs to get on the inside and do what he does best, deliver vicious knockouts via punches, kicks, and knees. Liddell did a good job of keeping Silva in check and I would hope that Silva has adjusted his training accordingly. Jardine has the height and reach advantage, so it is a must that Wanderlei gets inside position on Jardine. He has a tough task ahead of him and maybe I hold a slight bias because I am a Wanderlei Silva fan, but I believe that this fight will be the fight that Wanderlei gets himself back on the winning track.
Right off the bat, I believe that Lyoto Machida will win this fight. I'd like to see Tito Ortiz win in a dominating fashion, but I just don't think it will happen. Ortiz hasn't put on the most impressive performances lately. Ortiz used to be a cardio machine, but now we see "The Huntington Beach Bad Boy" starting to lose his steam in the second round of fights. He hypes all his fights and does a lot of talking, but he hasn't been walking the walk when it comes time to step into the octagon. Ortiz has publicly stated that this is his last fight in the UFC, making him the hottest free agent in the market. The problem is that Ortiz know that a lot of these new MMA start up organizations need Tito Ortiz more then Tito Ortiz needs a start up organization. No matter where he goes, he is going to make a ton of money, and that is not exactly a motivating factor to win this fight. That fact, coupled with his last few performances, may very well lead to a less then impressive exit from the UFC.
Lyoto Machida isn't the most exciting fighter, but he has the conditioning and skill to go the distance with Ortiz, and I believe he will win this fight via unanimous decision.
This is going to be a hell of a fight. You have the superb wrestler versus the superb submission fighter. Both fighters have solid chins and pretty good boxing, although Penn's boxing is better then Sherk's. Both Penn and Sherk have never lost via submission and have only been stopped once in each of their careers. If BJ Penn has the cardio to go 5 rounds, he will win this fight. His takedown defense is top notch and he will get the better of the stand up exchange should Sherk choose to stand with him. When Sherk fought Georges St. Pierre , St. Pierre stuffed Sherk's takedowns over and over again and even secured a few takedowns of his own. Sherk was forced to stand up with St.Pierre and lost every bit of that exchange. St. Pierre disposed of Sherk quickly in round 2 when he put Sherk on his back. Should Sherk secure a takedown, BJ Penn is very comfortable on his back and has a good chance of submitting Sherk. BJ's guard is amazing and his dexterity is of another world. As long as BJ comes ready to fight five rounds, he has every tool in his arsenal to win this fight.


OMAHA, Neb. (KMTV) — Excitement is building in Husker nation as the spring game gets ready to kick off this Saturday. Whether you want to meet newly crowned Super Bowl Champ Rex Burkhead, donate to flood victims or take part in a cornucopia of Red-White game events, we've got you covered.
The Nebraska Athletic Ticket Office will open Saturday at 9 a.m., four hours before kickoff. The game is sold out, but the office will be open for will-call ticket pick-up and to assist with any game-day ticket issues.
Fans are reminded that everyone in attendance at the Red-White spring game must have a ticket, regardless of age (no lap tickets for children under the age of 2 will be available).
UNL Parking Services will cashier Lot 9 (14th and Avery Parking Garage), the 17th and R Parking Garage and 19th and Vine Parking Garage, and other campus lots for public parking. The charge will be $5 per vehicle, and University donor and cashiered lots will open at 7 a.m.
Regular-season Memorial Stadium policies will be in place for fans attending the Red-White Spring Game, including Nebraska's Clear Bag Policy. Fans are also reminded that open umbrellas are not allowed inside Memorial Stadium. Fans attending the game may visit www.huskers.com/gameday [huskers.com] for more information.
The University of Nebraska is a tobacco free campus. The policy is posted at www.unl.edu/tobacco-free-2018 [unl.edu] .
Two spring Nebraska football posters will also be available at the Husker Nation Pavilion while supplies last. Fans should note these are spring posters and are not the traditional 2019 schedule posters which will be available this summer in time for the Aug. 1 Fan Day.
All funds collected in Memorial Stadium will go toward the Nebraska / Southwest Iowa flood relief. Volunteers will only collect inside the gates and buckets will not be passed inside the Stadium.
Rosters for the game will be available at concessions stands throughout Memorial Stadium for $1.
Husker Sports Network will provide live radio coverage of the Red-White game statewide and around the world through Huskers.com and on the TuneIn app. Husker Sports Network coverage begins at 11 a.m. on Saturday. Greg Sharpe, Matt Davison and Brenden Stai will call the game action for Husker Sports Network.
The game can be seen live on BTN and BTN2Go, beginning at 1 p.m. Larry Punteney, Ameer Abdullah and Damon Benning will be on the call for BTN.
Nebraska will honor 76 football student-athletes named to the Brook Berringer Citizenship Team during pregame ceremonies. The team honors outstanding community outreach efforts. The presentation of the Brook Berringer Citizenship Team will happen approximately 23 minutes before kickoff.
In-game presentations on Saturday will include the introduction of new Husker men's basketball coach Fred Hoiberg, and recognition of current Huskers in the National Football League. At the end of the third quarter, there will be a football passing contest between two UNL students, with the winner receiving $25,000.
To help create a safe postgame experience and minimize the conflict of vehicle and foot traffic, if fans are returning to the Haymarket area postgame, they are asked to utilize the city's preferred walking path on T Street (SW Stadium), crossing 10th and 9th street which is the most direct and safest path back into the Haymarket business district.
Text Messaging Service – For fan assistance, text to 69050 and start your message with UNLPD. Standard text message rates will apply. Texts are received by Stadium Operations and a response will be initiated. If you See Something, Say Something by utilizing this service or contacting the nearest police officer or event staff member.
Haven't bought your ticket yet, find out more about declining prices by clicking here.


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Burger King is now selling $1 tacos nationwide. Here's why
Posted 11:49 AM, July 9, 2019, by CNN Wire, Updated at 12:05PM, July 9, 2019
Burger King is trying to get customers' attention with something a little different: Tacos.
The burger chain started selling crunchy tacos on Tuesday. They cost $1 in most places, but are more expensive in Alaska and Hawaii, and will only be available for a limited time.
Burger King first tested out tacos in western states. "We've seen success with tacos in those restaurants and knew it was time to bring this west coast favorite nationwide," Chris Finazzo, president of North America for Burger King, said in a statement. The new item adds "variety" to Burger King's snack offerings, he added.
Fast food chains use limited-time offerings to build hype and keep their brands top of mind with consumers. And tacos in particular are a good way to attract customers, said Neil Saunders, managing director of GlobalData Retail, a research and consulting firm.
"Tacos remain very popular with consumers," Saunders said, adding that fast food companies that wouldn't traditionally sell tacos may be "keen to get a slice of that action."
Jack in the Box in particular has had great success with its taco. The item has been "a #1 seller and a fan favorite for years," Jen Kennedy, VP of product marketing at Jack in the Box, told CNN Business in a recent interview. She said the taco has been a "stand out distinction for us." Jack in the Box also just started selling tiny, bite-sized tacos, but it's too early to say how they're doing.
Consumers are also flocking to Mexican chains for tacos. Taco Bell's parent company, Yum! Brands, reported that in the first quarter, sales at US Taco Bell restaurants open at least a year grew 5%. And sales at Chipotle stores open at least a year grew 9.9% in the first quarter.
With its taco promotion, Burger King is likely trying to do more than just cash in on a specific, popular menu item, Saunders noted. It's also trying to create buzz for the brand with something unexpected.
"Some of it is marketing," Saunders said, adding that Burger King is adept at getting attention with creative menu innovations. For Halloween, the chain served a burger it claimed helped induce nightmares. More recently, to celebrate the third season of Netflix's "Stranger Things," it sold upside-down Whoppers in 1980s-era packaging.
There is a possible downside to attention-grabbing stunts, even successful ones. They could distract Burger King from focusing on creating growth within its main menu, Saunders said.
"They have to be careful with some of these promotions," he warned. "Burger King can be very haphazard with the menu." That can be a good thing because consumers like to try new things. But "sometimes you get the impression that Burger King chases after the shiny objects rather than focusing on the core business."
https://s3.amazonaws.com/cnn-newsource-image-renditions-prod/BIZ_BURGER_KING_TACOS/S111577740_thumbnail.JPG
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Pizza Hut brings back its retro logo


How do you hate padwal? HOWWWWWWW Specially the stuffed ones?
Bro I relate to this kid sooooooooooo much.
Can you speak bangla?are you from bangladesh? Are you muslim?are you bengali because i am a bengali,from bangladesh and muslim.
Which Bengali can reject roshogolla broooooo????..
What dip are they eating with piri piri?
It is not right to say Bangladesh. Bengal province as a whole might be more correct. India has a part of of Bengal too.
When you write for a long time and you put your pencil down.
"It's great for your cholestor.
Me:*says to Arabic Mom* Mhmm Girl!
Mom:Ey!! *in arabic* Shut your mouth! Pig!
beacuse apparently bengal is in india!!!!!!
I have to taste it mam!


text:
Europos Sąjungos pagrindinių teisių chartija
4 straipsnis- Kankinimo ir nežmoniško ar žeminančio elgesio arba baudimo uždraudimas
EU Charter search options Search the full Charter Search within Orumas only
I Antraštinė Dalis Orumas
Niekas negali būti kankinamas, patirti nežmonišką ar žeminantį elgesį arba būti taip baudžiamas.
Teismų praktika
Nacionalinės konstitucinės teisės
4 straipsnyje nurodyta teisė yra EŽTK 3 straipsnyje garantuota teisė, kurios formuluotė yra ta pati: `Niekas negali būti kankinamas, patirti nežmonišką ar žeminantį jo orumą elgesį arba būti taip baudžiamas`. Pagal chartijos 52 straipsnio 3 dalį jo esmė ir taikymo sritis yra tokia pati kaip EŽTK straipsnio.
Europos Sąjungos oficialusis leidinys C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
Šie išaiškinimai buvo pirmą kartą parengti prižiūrint Europos Sąjungos pagrindinių teisių chartiją rengusio Konvento prezidiumui. Jie buvo atnaujinti Europos konvento prezidiumo atsakomybe, atsižvelgiant į Konvento įvestas Chartijos teksto projekto pataisas (ypač 51 ir 52 straipsnių) ir kitus Sąjungos teisės pakeitimus. Nors išaiškinimai neturi teisinės galios, jie yra svarbi Chartijos nuostatoms išaiškinti skirta aiškinimo priemonė.
Europos Sąjungos Teisingumo TeismasEuropos žmogaus teisių teismasNacionalinis teismas
CJEU Case C-515/17 / Judgment
Milkiyas Addis v Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Court (Fifth Chamber)
CJEU Case C-515/17 / Opinion
WM v Stadt Frankfurt am Main
CJEU Case C-897/19 PPU / Opinion
Ruska Federacija v I.N
CJEU Case C-233/18/ Jugdment
Zubair Haqbin v Federaal agentschap voor de opvang van asielzoekers
Court, Grand Chamber
Borders and Visa
Germany/ Federal Constitutional Court/ 1 BvR 276/17 ("Right to be forgotten II")
Anonymous plaintiff v. Higher Regional Court Celle (Oberlandesgericht Celle)
Federal Constitutional Court
ECLI:DE:BVerfG:2019:rs20191106.1bvr027617
CJEU Case C-128/18/ Judgment
Dumitru-Tudor Dorobantu v Generalstaatsanwaltschaft Hamburg
Grand Chamber
Belgium/ Constitutional Court/ [2019] 111/2019
Liga voor Mensenrechten, Ligue des Droits de l'Homme, Ordre des barreaux francophones et germanophone, Association pour le droit des Etrangers, and others
CJEU Case C-233/18/ Opinion
Czechia/ Supreme Administrative Court/ 7 Azs 435/2018-32
K.Z. v. The Ministry of Interior (Ministerstvo vnitra)
The Supreme Administrative Court
AirijaApvienotā KaralisteAustrijaBelgijaBulgarijaDanijaEstijaGraikijaIspanijaItalijaKiprasKroatijaLatvijaLenkijaLietuvaLiuksemburgasMaltaNyderlandaiPortugalijaPrancūzijaRumunijaSlovakijaSlovėnijaSuomijaVengrijaVokietijaČekijaŠvedija
Article 7 (1) The inviolability of the person and of her privacy is guaranteed. They may be limited only in cases provided for by law. (2) No one may be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment.
Článek 7 (1) Nedotknutelnost osoby a jejího soukromí je zaručena. Omezena může být jen v případech stanovených zákonem. (2) Nikdo nesmí být mučen ani podroben krutému, nelidskému nebo ponižujícímu zacházení nebo trestu.
See ECHR provisions of Article 3 which have been incorporated into UK law by the Human Rights Act 1998.. Schdule 1, Article 3 No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. See ECHR provisions of Article 4 which have been incorporated into UK law by the Human Rights Act 1998.. Schdule 1, Article 4 Prohibition of slavery and forced labour 1No one shall be held in slavery or servitude. 2No one shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour. 3For the purpose of this Article the term "forced or compulsory labour" shall not include: (a)any work required to be done in the ordinary course of detention imposed according to the provisions of Article 5 of this Convention or during conditional release from such detention; (b)any service of a military character or, in case of conscientious objectors in countries where they are recognised, service exacted instead of compulsory military service; (c)any service exacted in case of an emergency or calamity threatening the life or well-being of the community; (d)any work or service which forms part of normal civic obligations.
Chapter 2 - Fundamental Rights and Freedoms: Article 5 Everyone shall be protected against corporal punishment. No one may be subjected to torture or medical intervention with the purpose of extorting or suppressing statements.
2 kapitlet - Grundläggande fri- och rättigheter: 5 § Var och en är skyddad mot kroppsstraff. Ingen får heller utsättas för tortyr eller för medicinsk påverkan i syfte att framtvinga eller hindra yttranden.
Artículo 15Todos tienen derecho a la vida y a la integridad física y moral, sin que, en ningún caso, puedan ser sometidos a tortura ni a penas o tratos inhumanos o degradantes. Queda abolida la pena de muerte, salvo lo que puedan disponer las leyes penales militares para tiempos de guerra.
Section 15 Everyone has the right to life and to physical and moral integrity, and under no circumstances may be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading punishment or treatment. Death penalty is hereby abolished, except as provided for by military criminal law in times of war.
Article 18 No one may be subjected to torture, inhuman or degrading punishment or treatment. The conducting of medical or other scientific experiments on any person without his free consent is prohibited.Article 21 Respect for human personality and dignity shall be guaranteed in criminal and in all other legal proceedings, as well as during the deprivation of liberty and enforcement of punitive sanctions. Violence of any form on any person whose liberty has been restricted in any way is prohibited, as is the use of any form of coercion in obtaining confessions and statements.
18. člen Nihče ne sme biti podvržen mučenju, nečloveškemu ali ponižujočem kaznovanju ali ravnanju. Na človeku je prepovedano delati medicinske ali druge znanstvene poskuse brez njegove svobodne privolitve. 21. člen Zagotovljeno je spoštovanje človekove osebnosti in njegovega dostojanstva v kazenskem in v vseh drugih pravnih postopkih, in prav tako med odvzemom prostosti in izvrševanjem kazni. Prepovedno je vsakršno nasilje nad osebami, ki jim je prostost kakorkoli omejena, ter vsakršno izsiljevanje priznanj in izjav.
Article 16 (...) (2) No one shall be subjected to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Čl. 16 (...) (2) Nikoho nemožno mučiť ani podrobiť krutému, neľudskému či ponižujúcemu zaobchádzaniu alebo trestu.
Articolul 22(...) (2) Nimeni nu poate fi supus torturii si nici unui fel de pedeapsa sau de tratament inuman ori degradant.
Article 22(...) (2) No one may be subjected to torture or to any kind of inhuman or degrading punishment or treatment.
Artigo 25.º (Direito à integridade pessoal) 2. Ninguém pode ser submetido a tortura, nem a tratos ou penas cruéis, degradantes ou desumanos.
Article 25 (Right to personal integrity) (2) No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, degrading or inhuman treatment or punishment.
Constitution of the Republic of Poland
Article 40 No one may be subjected to torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment. The application of corporal punishment shall be prohibited.
Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Art. 40 Nikt nie może być poddany torturom ani okrutnemu, nieludzkiemu lub poniżającemu traktowaniu i karaniu. Zakazuje się stosowania kar cielesnych.
Constitution of Malta
Article 36 (1) No person shall be subjected to inhuman or degrading punishment or treatment. (2) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this section to the extent that the law in question authorises the infliction of any description of punishment which was lawful in Malta immediately before the appointed day. (3) (a) No law shall provide for the imposition of collective punishments. (b) Nothing in this subsection shall preclude the imposition of collective punishments upon the members of a disciplined force in accordance with the law regulating the discipline of that force.
Criminal Code, Cap. 9 of the Laws of Malta
139A. Any public officer or servant or any other person acting in an official capacity who intentionally inflicts on a person severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental - (a) for the purpose of obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession; or (b) for the purpose of punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed; or (c) for the purpose of intimidating him or a third person or of coercing him or a third person to do, or to omit to do, any act; or (d) for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, shall, on conviction, be liable to imprisonment for a term from five to nine years: Provided that no offence is committed where pain or sufering arises only from, or is inherent in or incidental to, lawful sanctions or measures: Provided further that nothing in this article shall affect the applicability of other provisions of this Code or of any other law providing for a higher punishment.
Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania
Article 21. (...) It shall be prohibited to torture or injure a human being, degrade his dignity, subject him to cruel treatment, or to establish such punishments. (...)
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Committee on the Rights of the Child, Joint general recommendation/general comment No. 31 of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and No. 18 of the Committee on t...
(Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Committee on the Rights of the Child , Joint general recommendation/general comment No. 31 and No. 18)
Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 35 - Article 9: Liberty and Security of person
(Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 35)
'34. The individual must be brought to appear physically before the judge or other officer authorized by law to exercise judicial power. The physical presence of detainees at the hearing gives the opportunity for inquiry into the treatment that they received in custody and facilitates immediate transfer to a remand detention centre if continued detention is ordered. It thus serves as a safeguard for the right to security of person and the prohibition against torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. ' '58. Several safeguards that are essential for the prevention of torture are also necessary for the protection of persons in any form of detention against arbitrary detention and infringement of personal security. The following examples are non-exhaustive. Detainees should be held only in facilities officially acknowledged as places of detention. A centralized official register should be kept of the names and places of detention, and times of arrival and departure, as well as of the names of persons responsible for their detention, and made readily available and accessible to those concerned, including relatives. Prompt and regular access should be given to independent medical personnel and lawyers and, under appropriate supervision when the legitimate purpose of the detention so requires, to family members. Detainees should be promptly informed of their rights, in a language they understand; providing information leaflets in the appropriate language, including in Braille, may often assist the detainee in retaining the information. Detained foreign nationals should be informed of their right to communicate with their consular authorities, or, in the case of asylum seekers, with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Independent and impartial mechanisms should be established for visiting and inspecting all places of detention, including mental-health institutions.'
UN General Assembly Resolution 70/175 (2015) - United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules)
(the Nelson Mandela Rules)
Rule 1 'All prisoners shall be treated with the respect due to their inherent dignity and value as human beings. No prisoner shall be subjected to, and all prisoners shall be protected from, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, for which no circumstances whatsoever may be invoked as a justification. The safety and security of prisoners, staff, service providers and visitors shall be ensured at all times.' Rule 32 '1. The relationship between the physician or other health-care professionals and the prisoners shall be governed by the same ethical and professional standards as those applicable to patients in the community, in particular: [...] (d) An absolute prohibition on engaging, actively or passively, in acts that may constitute torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including medical or scientific experimentation that may be detrimental to a prisoner's health, such as the removal of a prisoner's cells, body tissues or organs.' Rule 43 '1. In no circumstances may restrictions or disciplinary sanctions amount to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The following practices, in particular, shall be prohibited: (a) Indefinite solitary confinement; (b) Prolonged solitary confinement; (c) Placement of a prisoner in a dark or constantly lit cell; (d) Corporal punishment or the reduction of a prisoner's diet or drinking water; (e) Collective punishment.'
Directive (EU) 2016/343 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on the strengthening of certain aspects of the presumption of innocence and of the right to be present at the trial in criminal proceedings
(Directive on the strengthening of the presumption of innocence and of the right to be present at the trial in criminal proceedings)
Preamble: '(45) When assessing statements made by suspects or accused persons or evidence obtained in breach of the right to remain silent or the right not to incriminate oneself, courts and judges should respect the rights of the defence and the fairness of the proceedings. In that context, regard should be had to the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, according to which the admission of statements obtained as a result of torture or of other ill-treatment in breach of Article 3 ECHR as evidence to establish the relevant facts in criminal proceedings would render the proceedings as a whole unfair. According to the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, any statement which is established to have been made as a result of torture should not be invoked as evidence in any proceedings, except against a person accused of torture as evidence that the statement was made.'
Directive 2013/32/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on common procedures for granting and withdrawing international protection
(Asylum Procedures Directive)
Article 38 - The concept of safe third country '(1) Member States may apply the safe third country concept only where the competent authorities are satisfied that a person seeking international protection will be treated in accordance with the following principles in the third country concerned: [...] (d) the prohibition of removal, in violation of the right to freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment as laid down in international law, is respected; [...].'
Directive 2013/33/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 laying down standards for the reception of applicants for international protection
(Reception Conditions Directive)
Article 25 Victims of torture and violence '(1) Member States shall ensure that persons who have been subjected to torture, rape or other serious acts of violence receive the necessary treatment for the damage caused by such acts, in particular access to appropriate medical and psychological treatment or care. (2) Those working with victims of torture, rape or other serious acts of violence shall have had and shall continue to receive appropriate training concerning their needs, and shall be bound by the confidentiality rules provided for in national law, in relation to any information they obtain in the course of their work.'
Regulation (EU) 2016/1624 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 September 2016 on the European Border and Coast Guard and amending Regulation (EU) 2016/399 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Regulation (EC) No 863...
(Regulation on the European Border and Coast Guard)
Preamble: '(49) This Regulation respects fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised by Articles 2 and 6 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and reflected in the Charter. In particular, this Regulation seeks to ensure full respect for human dignity, the right to life, the right to liberty and security, the right to the protection of personal data, the right to asylum, the right to effective remedy, the rights of the child, the prohibition of torture and of inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and the prohibition of trafficking in human beings. It also seeks to promote the application of the principles of non-discrimination and non-refoulement.'
Regulation (EU) 2016/2134 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 November 2016 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 1236/2005 concerning trade in certain goods which could be used for capital punishment, torture or other cruel, inhuman or d...
(Regulation concerning trade in certain goods which could be used for capital punishment, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment)
Article 2 '(a) "torture" means any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from that person or from a third person information or a confession, punishing that person for an act that either that person or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing that person or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted either by or at the instigation of, or with the consent or acquiescence of, a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. It does not, however, include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to, lawful penalties. Capital punishment is not deemed a lawful penalty under any circumstances; (b) "other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment" means any act by which pain or suffering attaining a minimum level of severity, whether physical or mental, is inflicted on a person, when such pain or suffering is inflicted either by or at the instigation of, or with the consent or acquiescence of, a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. It does not, however, include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to, lawful penalties. Capital punishment is not deemed a lawful penalty under any circumstances; [...]'
Regulation (EU) No 1052/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2013 establishing the European Border Surveillance System (Eurosur)
(Regulation establishing the European Border Surveillance System)
Preamble: '(11) This Regulation respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised by Articles 2 and 6 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, in particular respect for human dignity, the right to life, the prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the prohibition of trafficking in human beings, the right to liberty and security, the right to the protection of personal data, the right of access to documents, the right to asylum and to protection against removal and expulsion, non-refoulement, non-discrimination and the rights of the child. This Regulation should be applied by Member States and the Agency in accordance with those rights and principles.'
Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of t...
(Dublin III Regulation)
Article 32 - Exchange of health data before a transfer is carried out: '(1) For the sole purpose of the provision of medical care or treatment, in particular concerning disabled persons, elderly people, pregnant women, minors and persons who have been subject to torture, rape or other serious forms of psychological, physical and sexual violence, the transferring Member State shall, in so far as it is available to the competent authority in accordance with national law, transmit to the Member State responsible information on any special needs of the person to be transferred, which in specific cases may include information on that person's physical or mental health. That information shall be transferred in a common health certificate with the necessary documents attached. The Member State responsible shall ensure that those special needs are adequately addressed, including in particular any essential medical care that may be required.'
Regulation (EU) No 656/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 establishing rules for the surveillance of the external sea borders in the context of operational cooperation coordinated by the European Agency for the Management...
(Regulation establishing rules for the surveillance of the external sea borders)
Preamble: '(19) This Regulation respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised by Articles 2 and 6 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and by the Charter, in particular respect for human dignity, the right to life, the prohibition of torture and of inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the prohibition of trafficking in human beings, the right to liberty and security, the right to the protection of personal data, the right to asylum and to protection against removal and expulsion, the principles of non-refoulement and non-discrimination, the right to an effective remedy and the rights of the child. This Regulation should be applied by Member States and the Agency in accordance with those rights and principles.' '(12) This Regulation should be applied in full compliance with the principle of non-refoulement as defined in the Charter and as interpreted by the case-law of the Court and of the European Court of Human Rights. In accordance with that principle, no person should be disembarked in, forced to enter, conducted to or otherwise handed over to the authorities of a country where, inter alia, there is a serious risk that he or she would be subjected to the death penalty, torture, persecution or other inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, or where his or her life or freedom would be threatened on account of his or her race, religion, nationality, sexual orientation, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, or from which there is a serious risk of an expulsion, removal or extradition to another country in contravention of the principle of non-refoulement.' Article 4 - Protection of fundamental rights and the principle of non-refoulement '(1) No person shall, in contravention of the principle of non-refoulement, be disembarked in, forced to enter, conducted to or otherwise handed over to the authorities of a country where, inter alia, there is a serious risk that he or she would be subjected to the death penalty, torture, persecution or other inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, or where his or her life or freedom would be threatened on account of his or her race, religion, nationality, sexual orientation, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, or from which there is a serious risk of an expulsion, removal or extradition to another country in contravention of the principle of non-refoulement.'
In brief / Factsheet
ES masto apklausa "Smurtas prieš moteris"
Šioje atmintinėje pateikiami apklausos išvadų pavyzdžiai, kurie patei‑ kiami kartu su bendrais svarstymais, kokių tolesnių veiksmų reikėtų imtis kovojant su smurtu prieš moteris.


text:
What is The Difference Between Smart TV and Android TV
What is the difference between Smart TV and Android TV – Today in this article we are going to give you information on a very important and interesting topic. Today we are going to tell you what is Smart TV and Android TV? What is the difference between Smart TV and Android TV? If you want to get interesting information, then read our article till the last. We will tell you in detail every information related to Smart TV and Android TV.5 Best Free AntiVirus For Android In 2021
As you all know, technology is increasing day by day in our country. You can guess this by this point, till a few years ago, there used to be huge televisions which we used to watch our favorite programs. After this a little technology was developed and LCD TV was launched. LCD TVs were much thinner than ordinary TVs. In this, you were also given some other features.
A few years after the launch of LCD TV, the technology developed a bit more and LED TV was launched. The LED TV was so slim that you could easily take it anywhere. LED TV is available in everyone's home.
After the successful launch of LED TV, the technology was developed a bit more and Smart TV and Android TV have been launched. However, the prevalence of Smart TV and Android TV is very less in India right now. People do not know much about Android TV and Smart TV. Due to lack of information, people are not using them as much as LED TVs.
Whenever a person hears about Smart TV and Android TV, a lot of question automatics are generated in his mind. The first question is what is Smart TV? What is Android TV?
Some people think that both Android TV and Smart TV are the same TV. For your information, let me tell you, this is not the case at all. Smart TV and Android TV both have ground-sky differences. Due to lack of information, people understand Android TV and Smart TV as one.
What is Smart TV ?
First of all, we are going to give you information about Smart TV. Smart TV is a modified form of LED TV. In Smart TV, you get all the features that are given to you in a smartphone. Smart TV, as you will know by reading its name, it is full of all smart features. Inside the Smart TV, you are given the facility of WiFi connection, Internet connection, Bluetooth USB port etc.
At the same time, if we talk about the price of Smart TV, then you will be surprised to know, the price of Smart TV is much more than that of LED TV. Using Smart TV, you can watch different types of movies in your television. If your phone's screen is small, you can connect your phone to Smart TV and use the phone's Internet data in Smart TV.
The biggest feature of Smart TV is that you get support of USB PORT, HDTV PORT, HDMI PORT, in Smart TV. Using this, you can use Smart TV for smart work.
I hope you now understand what Smart TV is.
What is Android TV ?
Android TV is a very interesting electronic gadget. Android TV is currently being used only in big countries like USA, US, UK, Australia. There are also some special people in India who have Android TV available.
As you must be reading the name of Android TV, you will find that something similar to Android smartphone. For your information, let us know that Android TV is exactly like an Android smartphone, just as the operating system is given in your Android smartphone, in the same way an operating system is also given in your Android TV.
You will be surprised to know that you can download different types of mobile applications in your Android TV. The mobile application that you download on your Android smartphone, you can download every Android application on your Android TV. Not only can you download these applications but you can also use these applications.
Inside Android television you can play different types of Android games. You can also enjoy games like Pubji and Free Fire inside Android television. To download the application in Android TV, we are given the facility of Google Play Store. Using Google Play Store, we can download any Android application to Android TV and install it.
If we explain to you in easy language, then Android TV is only a part of Android smartphone, its size is a bit bigger. You can consider Android TV as a large-sized Android smartphone.
I hope that you will have cleared all the doubts related to Android television.
Today, through this article, we gave you information about Smart TV and Android TV. We told you what is Android TV? What is Smart TV? Hope you like this information. We also told you about all the features of Android TV and Smart TV. If you like this information, share it with your friends. Thank you very much for reading the article till the last.


Encoded directory traversal vulnerability in Dino's web server 2.1 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via ".." (dot dot) sequences with URL-encoded (1) "/" (%2f") or (2) "\" (%5c) characters.
20020920 Disclaimer: The entry creation date may reflect when the CVE ID was allocated or reserved, and does not necessarily indicate when this vulnerability was discovered, shared with the affected vendor, publicly disclosed, or updated in CVE.
Balinsky> No confirmation available. Software apparently no longer available.