When you complete this course you will be ready for a career in the bricklaying and blocklaying trade. You will have the skills and knowledge to apply basic bricklaying and blocklaying techniques.
Entry into a bricklaying and blocklaying trade.
Certificate III in Bricklaying and blocklaying (Trade qualification) or entry level for other trade qualifications in the construction field.


Digital customer engagement company Urban Airship announced that it has acquired Accengage, continental Europe's largest provider of mobile CRM and push notifications. Together Urban Airship and Accengage now form the world's largest mobile customer engagement company, with rapidly growing solutions for apps, websites, SMS, email, mobile wallets and other channels. Customers from each company will quickly benefit from access to new technology and expanded engineering resources, as well as support from Europe's largest team of digital customer engagement experts.
"Forrester believes notifications provide a North Star for the evolution of digital experiences. … Across all industries, digital business professionals want to improve customer experience (CX), increase engagement, and improve revenues.


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Simple Steps To Assist You To Better Understand FurnitureAre you fed up with seeing furniture that is expensive for yourself? Have you been tired with purchasing furniture that doesn't suit your decor? Do you wish to learn to search for furniture properly? The facts below may help.Learn to recognize different quality of woods. Some furniture is manufactured out of wood, which is much more expensive and fragile. Veneers are simply produced from a minimal quality wood base covered in layers of real wood. The cheapest wood furniture there are actually is constructed from resin, plastic and wood scraps.Pay attention to how sturdy and comfy a sofa is before purchasing it. Cushions tend to be best supported with springs. Hand-tied 8-way springs are the best choice, but serpentine work, too. Feel the springs through the upholstery to evaluate them. High quality construction means springs close together.If you want to purchase wood furniture, search for quality wood joinery. If a piece is glued together or if perhaps nails and screws are utilized to maintain the furniture piece together, it does not last long. It is best to spend more to obtain a furniture with a bit of excellent wood joinery work with it.Choose your furniture in function of your way of life. For those who have children or pets, you should buy furniture that may be stain resistant. Choose darker colors so stains or scratches are less noticeable. If you do not have pets or children, do not hesitate to purchase some lighter colors should this be the design and style you would like.Never go cheap in your bed. You may think your sofa is the furniture piece that gets the most time, but for many people it's the bed. Spend the money for extra price to have one that's totally comfortable for yourself. It's well worth it, and it can really affect your emotions each and every day.Know what the return guarantee and warranty are for any furniture you are searching into buying. Even though you're totally obsessed about the piece, you must learn what options you have if you can find issues. If it's an "as is also" purchase, do extra homework upfront to learn that the piece may be the right one for you.Consider getting maintenance products for both your indoor and outdoor furniture. Outdoor and indoor furniture experience different conditions and therefore are susceptible to different types of damage. For example, you may need special finishes to safeguard your garden furniture from rain or upholstery cleaner for your personal indoor pieces. Keeping the proper products around, your furniture can look great for a long period, whether they're inside and out.Examine the finish in the furniture you are considering. If the furnishings are wood with a stain, check that it is applied evenly and you can easily see the wood grain. For opaque or painted finishes, look for an even coating. There ought to be no bubbles or any other blemishes around the finish.The furniture at your residence is what makes it more appealing. Your entire home can be improved with the addition of quality pieces. Furnished with the info required to shop smart, you are prepared to produce a purchase!


text:
require 'support/coverage'
require 'thailand'

RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.expect_with :rspec do |expectations|
    expectations.include_chain_clauses_in_custom_matcher_descriptions = true
  end

  config.mock_with :rspec do |mocks|
    mocks.verify_partial_doubles = true
  end

  config.raise_errors_for_deprecations!
end

def reset_test_data_path
  Thailand.clear_data_paths
  Thailand.data_paths << Pathname.new(spec_data_path)
end

def reset_test_i18n_backend
  Thailand.i18n_backend = Thailand::I18n::Simple.new spec_locale_path
end

def spec_data_path
  Thailand.root_path + 'spec_data/data'
end

def spec_locale_path
  Thailand.root_path + 'spec_data/locale'
end

reset_test_data_path
reset_test_i18n_backend

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Kazakhstan on Saturday renamed the country's capital 'Nursultan' to honour its ex-president Nursultan Nazarbayev.
In a statement from the president's official website, Kazakhstan's new president Kassym-Zhomart Tokayev ratified the proposal to change the name of the country's capital from Astana to 'Nursultan'.
Kassym-Zhomart Tokayev was sworn in as Kazakhstan's president on Wednesday a day after Nursultan Nazarbayev resigned from the post.
In late February, Nazarbayev dismissed the country's government, citing a lack of economic growth, and pledging new reforms to improve people's quality of life.
The name change also prompted protests in Astana and former capital and the country's largest city Almaty. Dozens of anti-government protesters were detained on Friday.
Nazarbayev's France-based opponent, Mukhtar Ablyazov, had called for protests on March 22, before the long-time president announced he was standing down on Tuesday. Around 30 people were arrested in Almaty, witnesses said.
Separately, local media said that "tens of people" including a journalist had been arrested in the capital, the name of which was changed this week to Nursultan, or "Sultan of Light" in Kazakh.


text:
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New York City's Greenwich Village (PT. 1)
A Portrait of its Heritage Treasures through the Eyes of Children
One of the most pleasurable — and at times, memorable! — moments on a stroll is overhearing sidewalk conversations that pique our interest, engage our curiosity, charm our sense of humor, and have us trying to delve for our own answers!
With each NYC neighborhood having its own personalities and quirks that animate imaginations into further flight, children have proven to have the most wide-eyed lenses, compelling expansions of our own observations and perceptions. Immediately drawn to the alluring, the strange, the curious, children will attune their heightened senses to absorb all around them … often (and most always!) leaving parents or guardians with the challenge of answering that perpetual child's question, "But why? …."
Here, we present a dozen questions on Greenwich Village that we have kept in our hearts' sacred vaults. While we cannot claim to know every parent's or guardian's response (often starting with, "Hmmm", or "Well, uh, …." or "Because that's the way it is…"), we thought we'd take our editorial broadstroke brushes in our own childlike ways for a palette that captures a neighborhood's stories … a gathering of questions overheard at its famous sites or attractions. So here is a collection that paints a delightful portrait of a neighborhood through some of its heritage treasures, with answers for children's rating and review. Enjoy!
While introducing the neighborhood…
Where does the name Greenwich come from? And why is it called a Village?
This area has had many names over the last 400 years. First, it was called Sapokanikan by the Lenape who camped and fished by a trout stream called Manetta (today's Minetta Lane). When the Dutch arrived on Manhattan island and established a colony called New Amsterdam in the 1600s, this area was given the name Groenwijck ("Green District"). When the British, in turn, took the island away from the Dutch and renamed New Amsterdam to New York, Groenwijck was anglicized to "Greenwich". This name has been retained ever since.
During those earlier times, this area was its own little "village" — remote and isolated from the "city" which was located further south (an area we now call Lower Manhattan or Financial District). But even today, New Yorkers still commonly refer to it as "The Village" because, in many ways, despite NYC's burgeoning development and population increase, it still retains a quaint residential unique character that makes it feel like a "village".
While strolling around…
Are "Greenwich Village", "West Village", "East Village" the same neighborhoods?
Not quite. They blend into one another, but have different boundaries and energies. Due to increasing urbanization through population and territorial growth over the centuries, what we now call Greenwich Village — as shown on current NYC maps —is an expansion from its original colonial-era boundaries. Today, the area is roughly bounded by Broadway to the east, Hudson River to the west, 14th Street to the north, and Houston Street to the south, encompassing all of the West Village and parts of the East Village.
What we call the West Village is the original Greenwich Village (or "Green District") when it was that tiny Dutch-then-British village on the shore of the Hudson River. It is easy to know you are strolling in the West Village because you feel you are still in a primarily residential historic neighborhood where you can get lost, as paths go off the north-south grid of Manhattan's easily-navigable numbered streets and avenues. The traditional boundaries of the West Village are the Greenwich Avenue to the east, the Hudson River to the west, West 14th Street to the north, and Christopher Street to the south.
What we call the East Village, on the other hand, has always been considered part of the Lower East Side up until the 1960s, when new residents preferred to be associated with Greenwich Village and came up with the name "East Village". It is technically all east of Fifth Avenue and — in counterpoint to its more serene western counterpart — is especially attractive to a younger crowd for its funky, grungy, gritty vibe.
C/O David Rumsey
At a Triangle Intersection…
I feel I'm getting lost…. or confused! Why do some streets have names? And others have numbers?
You are not alone. New Yorkers get very confused, too!. Attempting to give clear directions to destinations can prove challenging, especially when we find ourselves at an intersection where West 4th Street, 8th Avenue,and Jane Street meet.
The Village's irregular street pattern mostly dates to the colonial era of the 1600s and 1700s, when it was a remote rural area on the island of Manhattan. That changed in the years following 1811, when the city began surveying, mapping, and laying-out Manhattan's Grid — this refers to the island's north-south Avenues intersecting east-west Streets. The West Village kept its original off-grid street pattern, but the East Village developed around the grid's rectilinear layout.
Along Bleecker Street…
Why is the street called Bleecker?
Many of the streets in the West Village are are named after family members whose farm properties once covered the area. In this case, this street was named after the Bleecker family's head — Anthony Lispenard Bleecker. He was a wealthy landowner, merchant, auctioneer, banker and vestryman, and warden for the Trinity Church in the Financial District.
When the Bleeckers probably tracked the northern edge of their farmland, little would they know that they would be paving an eponymous street whose role in the rich cultural narrative of New York City would be unparalleled. Bleecker Street has been home to some of NYC's most iconic coffee shops, bookstores, jazz clubs, and federal-style row houses; it continues to be a magnet for many artists, poets, musicians, politicians, trailblazing social activists and more. It was the bars and clubs that line Bleecker Street and the surrounding area that helped popularize folk music in the 1950s-1960s, ushering in the counterculture phenomenon and literary movement of intellectual radicals known as "The Beat Generation".
Along many quaint, tree-lined residential streets…
Where did all the bricks come from?
We have Mother Nature to thank for brick — one of most foundational and ancient of building materials found in the earliest of civilizations dating back thousands of years!
Here in New York City, the story of brick begins with the last ice age, remnants of which are prominently visible everywhere. If we were to take an hour's drive from the city to a Hudson River town called Haverstraw — about 39 miles north of Greenwich Village — we will arrive at a hidden gem: The Haverstraw Brick Museum. With well-documented manufacturing records — and preserved brick samples on display — it is a treasure trove showcasing the story of a community, whose industrial destiny would be carved by the onslaught of 2-mile deep ice-sheets onto the terrain as it made its retreat 18,000 years ago. Here are some excerpts from the museum's website:
"Ice Age glaciers deposited huge amounts of clay along the banks of the Hudson River, making the Hudson Valley an important resource for early Dutch settlers to the Americas and the North Rockland region the center of the Brick making industry from the 1700's to the 1940's.
From 1815 on, brick-making became one of the Hudson River Valley's most prolific industries, with brickyards appearing along the Hudson as far north as Albany.
In 1835, the Wall Street Fire devastated 674 buildings and 13 acres of New York's financial district, leading to a change in building codes increasing demand for buildings made with bricks. Thanks to the Hudson River, Haverstraw's brick makers were well positioned to supply New York's exploding demand for bricks."
By the 1880's, there were over 40 brickyards in the Haverstraw area with brick-making becoming a way of life in the Hudson River Valley. Manufacturers took advantage of easy access to New York City and Midwestern markets via the Hudson River and Erie Canal. In a single year, over 300 million bricks were being shipped out of Haverstraw Bay to the New York metropolitan market, which at the time, was using more than one billion bricks annually."
Thus, as we stroll the Village and see its varied array of bricks in their rich hues — enchanted by its facets ("bonds", "mortar","joint", course") — remember the brick manufacturers and bricklayers to whom we owe a debt for the places that are our sanctuaries. Theirs was a job as humble as it was essential. By 1883 — with 41 brickyards operating in Haverstraw, employing an estimated 2,400 men, Haverstraw Brickyards, at one point, were making 300-million bricks a year and they were responsible for providing bricks for almost two-thirds of the buildings in New York City.
Perhaps no other prominent figure in contemporary history exemplified — or fully appreciated — the brick manufacturer's or bricklayer's foundational role more than Sir Winston Churchill. A master at the trowel and mortar and a qualified member of the Amalgamated Union of Bricklayers, one of our world's greatest military leaders enjoyed brick-laying in his spare time, building brick walls and other structures at his beloved country home Chartwell, including a Brick Doll House for his youngest daughter. While at work on a book at the time, he wrote with satisfaction of laying "200 bricks and 2,000 words a day." A reminder that it is not the title that counts, but the effort to succeed at the job at hand.
C/O Kazuya Morimoto
On meeting a street artist…
He has so many paintings! What is he painting right now?
We are so fortunate to run into Kazuya Morimoto, a well-known neighborhood artist who has devoted almost 15 years to painting every possible scene, street, and story of his beloved Greenwich Village as he sits at random corners to frame his views! Friendly, approachable, unassuming, and generous with his time and talents, Kaz welcomes anyone who stops by to browse his extensive sidewalk gallery, chat with him to share a neighborhood anecdote, or interview him for an always insightful article that is as much affectionate tribute as it is journalistic feature story.
Celebrity residents of the neighborhood — including Liv Tyler and Sarah Jessica Parker —have purchased his paintings; as have locals or visitors who manage to find him, charmed by his portrayal of street scenes that capture a historic neighborhood at a specific moment — an encapsulation rendered even more priceless for its transience and ephemeral quality. Name any street, corner, storefront, landmark, tree, park, home, season, dog … and it is most likely guaranteed that Kaz — committed to historic preservation via a magical, whimsical and lighthearted stroke of pen and brush — would already have anticipated your request to own a treasured creative piece of history, heritage and art. With much changing around the city, evidenced by rising glass towers overshadowing historical neighborhoods, Kazuya Morimoto's archiving of daily living in Greenwich Village may unwittingly be taken for granted. Yet by memorializing what may one day disappear, his work ultimately becomes a collector's heritage treasure.
Along Perry Street…
Why do some homes have only 3 steps and others have more than 10?
There was a time when the city did not have cars, bikes, Ubers, scooters. Instead, it had horses. Plenty of them. With all of them piling up streets with manure and urine.
The city estimates that by 1900, the population of 100,000 horses produced 2.5 million pounds of horse manure per day, which all had to be swept up and disposed of. Then, too, were thousands of abandoned horse carcasses left to rot on the streets. Until a solution was found, this largely determined one of the most distinctive features of historic neighborhoods like Greenwich Village: the typical elevated staircases — "stoops" (the Dutch word for "steps") — to the houses, assuring living quarters remain above the "seas of manure".
With the opening of the Erie Canal in 1845, there were more people and goods in and out of Manhattan, more horses for transport, more manure to outcompete the increasing number of steps to a home. But these "stoops" are not the only signs of the horse-dominated city. Throughout Greenwich Village are still found stables and horse carriages, boot scrapers at the bottom steps, and the occasional pub with an iconic horse logo or trademark — all a nod to the equine history and its impact on the city.
Along West 4th Street…
What are those glass houses on the roofs? Does anyone live there?
With Greenwich Village as home to many noted artists, one of the most notable and unusual features to be primarily found in this creative neighborhood is the array of handsome "artists' studios" with large "studio windows" or "skylights" to capture maximum sunlight.
Randomly found along residential streets, former stables and townhouses top floors have been converted to artist studios and can be seen on West 4th Street, West 9th Street, in MacDougal Alley, and Washington Mews. They not only contribute to the character of the district, but comprise some of the most desirable real estate in the city with its premium on sun, air and views.
But the "artist's studio" had a far more cramped beginning. Previously incarnated as uppermost-floor spaces with very low ceilings for servants, their potential to attract the creative set was evident to property owners keen on the unconventional: "Let's raise all or part of the roof, insert a large industrial casement window, leave wide open floor space … and here we have the height, breadth, and width of an artist's studio!" Sure enough, the demand for what this offered has not abated since.
Along Bedford Street…
How can anyone live in such a narrow house?
Most New Yorkers — especially those on limited budgets — tend live in small spaces due to high rents. But this is made with the outdoors always attractive with strolls, walks, activities in museums, parks, restaurants, coffee shops, book shops, theatre attractions, social lives, and more! In fact, Manhattanites are master interior-decorators of the 350 square foot space and manage to make their homes quite comfortable!
If you were a working artist like Edna St. Vincent Millay, or Cary Grant, or John Barrymore — who all lived in that very narrow house — it is likely your were not home much, needing a space just to sleep for the night, or to store a few clothes. They were all busy going around Greenwich Village and the city to find work, or to meet with other fellow artists in gathering places like coffeeshops, bookstores, theatre performances or events where they could meet others of creative inclination …
Along Crosswalk by Stonewall Inn…
Look, colors on the street!
In 2017, the NYC Department of Transportation — in solidarity with the LGBTQ community — painted a rainbow crosswalk with the Pride Colors at the iconic intersection of 7th Avenue and Christopher Street outside Stonewall Inn, a gay bar and national historic landmark honoring LGBTQ civil rights. The bar was the site of the 1969 riots that launched the gay rights movement and is now part of a national monument.
If you "walk the rainbow", you will cross 8 colored stripes, each color representing a different meaning as originally conceptualized by Gilbert Baker for an 8-striped Pride flag which debuted in 1978. They are: hot pink for sex, red for life, orange for healing, yellow for sunlight, green for nature, turquoise for art, indigo for harmony, and violet for spirit.
At Bleecker Street Pizza…
How many kinds of pizzas are there?
Today it is hard to keep count, as the whole world is now making their own pizza! Chicago has the deep dish style; Korea has kimchi on theirs; Japan has Teriyaki Chicken Pizza; Peru has bison or alpaca with rococo rellenos on theirs … and the creative culinary variations are endless, including — for better or worse — a Chocolate Pizza! You can add any combination of toppings on your slice — pepperoni, vegetables, mushroom, et.al.
Pizza was first invented in Naples, Italy as a fast, affordable, tasty meal for working-class Neapolitans on the go. Here in NYC, the "original NYC-style pizza" pays tribute to its Neapolitan traditions and also has simple ingredients — tomato, mozzarella, flour, olive oil … (plus the mythological secret to its yumminess: NYC Tap Water!)
To quote Wikipedia on the must-have's involved:
"New York–style pizza is pizza made with a characteristically large hand-tossed thin crust, often sold in wide slices to go. The crust is thick and crisp only along its edge, yet soft, thin, and pliable enough beneath its toppings to be folded in half to eat."
Here at multi-award-winning Bleecker Street Pizza, we are having the famous Nonna Slice — "Nonna" is an Italian's endearment for "grandmother". Like the many celebrity-customers whose photos are featured in a wall gallery, we can never get enough of its thin crunchy crust, delicious tomato sauce, gooey mozzarella cheese, and — most importantly, the challenge of savoring a huge slice by mastering the art of the pizza-fold!
At the Church of Our Lady of Pompeii…
Who is Father Demo? Is it a Roman Catholic Church?
With the fast pace of changes in New York City, residents come and go, but leave their mark in one way or another. If we ever wanted to know which immigrant or ethnic communities used to live in certain neighborhoods, all we have to do is to try to locate original places of worship or associated food vendors and venues.
Our Lady of Pompeii Church — a Roman Catholic Church — gives us a clue that this section of Greenwich Village was once a neighborhood for many Italians, during a period of extensive immigration from Italy to the United States. But nearby were African Americans next door, the Irish Americans to the West, the well-to-do Protestants to the north, and many artists and writers who resided around Washington Square and frequented "Little Italy" for Italian coffeeshops like Caffe Reggio or San Remo.
The Church was founded in 1892, with Father Antonio Demo — serving the parish between 1899 and 1933. He not only supported the congregation's spiritual needs, but also served as a counselor, reference, and an intermediary with the government and outside social welfare agencies.
Maps from the 1930s not only show the church, but the locations of food vendors servicing the Italian community that thrived at this time. Many Italian businesses from that era have long disappeared, but some old-school butchers (Ottomanelli's and Faicco's) and pastry shops (Rocco's) are gratefully still around today.
At Pasticceria Rocco…
Why is it called a cannoli?
A cannoli is an Italian pastry dessert from the island of Sicily, in the form of hard tubular shells filled with sweetened ricotta cheese or mascarpone, and often containing nuts, citron, or chocolate bits.
The singular cannolo — meaning "little tube" — comes from canna, for the river reeds that were cut into sections and used as a mold to fry the pastry shells. The plural cannoli — referred to as "cannoli siciliani" in Italy — is a term we more commonly use, whether we have one piece of this delicious treat, or more!
At Cafe Wha?…
What does that name mean? And why is this place famous?
Once upon a time, many decades ago, there was a man named Manny Roth who came across this former underground horse-stable-turned-garage, and decided to fix it up by painting the walls black, putting in marble tiles, and inviting many starting musicians and comedians to come in and do their acts.
At the time Roth opened this place in 1959, the musicians and comedians were not famous. They were young artists struggling to make a living, and he gave them a venue to perform their music or their standup routine so they could earn a few bucks.
At first, the place had no name. Many artists just knew where to find the subterranean hole-in-the-wall on the corner of MacDougal and Minetta. But years later, Manny's nephew — Van Halen's David Lee Roth — explained that the name comes from an exclamation made famous by his Russian Jewish grandmother.
With her broken English, Manny's mother would growl "Wha?" when at a loss for a comment or answer.
Hence, the name "Café Wha?"
Today, those artists who had their first gigs as young kids trying to make a living include Bob Dylan, Jimi Hendrix, Bruce Springsteen, Peter Paul and Mary, Peter Seeger. There are countless more. All of them started at Cafe Wha?. When no one knew who they were.
At Washington Square Park…
Is it true it's haunted?
Some feel it is spooky at night. Others say they hardly feel the presence of ghosts.
But, the entire park used to be a potter's field — a "common" burial ground — during a time in our city's history about 200 years ago, roughly 1797-1825, when there were few cemeteries, no more burial spots available, and marginalized groups of people were too poor to afford interment on church property. It is believed there are up to 20,000 bodies buried, and these included the indigent, slaves, indians and victims of yellow fever.
But if the spirits are restless, they may simply be crying out without intention to harm. Perhaps all they need is a respectful greeting, bidding them rest and peace as you tread their sacred grounds. Many of them departed Earth, unknown to us. Yet their lives paved the way for what we enjoy and take for granted today.
Look, another dog! How many dogs are there in NYC?
Yes, Greenwich Village is known as the neighborhood to not only people-watch at Washington Square Park, but to especially dog-spot along all residential streets as well! According the last pet census we could find on record (2017-2018), there are roughly 1.1 million pets in the city — 600,000 dogs and 500,000 cats. But no doubt, that number is now way much higher!
The census data— gathered from pet store receipts, dog license records, and veterinarian records — gives us all delightful trivia and facts about our beloved 4-footed (4-pawed?) family members. It answers questions like: What is the most popular dog? ("Terrier"). What is the most popular name for a male dog three years in a row? ("Max"). And the female name? ("Bella"). If we want to have some fun exploring the city's range of canine names, spend some leisurely time with this Visualization of Dog Names (https://a816-dohbesp.nyc.gov/IndicatorPublic/dognames/). It might inspire us into remapping where all the Max's and Bella's actually reside!
Meanwhile, it seems resoundingly clear that dogs have privileged accounts under their name as well. The other day, we overheard a lady on her phone; she must have been putting an order at a store for her pet. Our ears perked up and our smiles widened when she suddenly raised her voice above the din of sidewalk click-clacking and clomps. "How much did you say it was??!!", she exclaimed, dumbfounded. "Oh, okay, then. Just put it on the dog's tab …"
Should you — or your child — have a question about the Greenwich Village or any neighborhood, do send them in. Or, for the pure pleasure of discovery and exploration, we invite you to join our food & history tour of Greenwich Village, and have you asking more!
Discover Landmarks, Architecture, and Artifacts of Historic Downtown (Pt. 3) Previous Article Greenwich Village: The Pictorial Maps of Bohemia (PT. 2) Next Article
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As a business owner, you understand that workplace safety issues are important and that providing a safe environment for your employees where they can work with minimal health risks is essential. In fact, workplace safety is so important that a government agency, OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) exists for no other reason than to monitor and regulate safety in the workplace.
Beyond the benefits to health and safety, having a solid workplace safety plan in place can positively affect your business in otherways. By addressing safety issues and promoting good health, your workplace safety plan can also improve your business' risk profile, leading to increased sales and use of services, as well as many financial benefits.
Whether you are creating a new workplace safety plan for your business or conducting a periodic evaluation of your current plan, you'll need to evaluate your business to determine its risk profile. Your business' risk profile is a quantitative analysis, meaning it outlines the number of risks to which your business is vulnerable. The risk profile also includes the types of risk and what the potential effects of these risks would be.
Once you know what the risks are, you need to form a sound risk management plan to address those issues. The primary goal is to prevent those risks from becoming a reality for your business. A risk management plan will look at each risk and address how to prevent it, as well as how to handle the situation if an incident or accident does occur.
One of the most obvious benefits of having a solid risk management profile is that it gives you and your employees the tools and means to resolve issues and address risks immediately. Besides the potential for injuring employees and customers alike, as well as the damage to equipment or inventory, identified risks that are not properly handled can have a long-term effect on your business' perception with customers and investors.
A business that is prone to quality issues and accidents will likely have to work twice as hard to persuade customers to stick with them and to get new customers to come in. Customers may not have access to your business' risk profile, but they will be able to judge the public results, both the incidents that have occurred and how you handle them. Having a good risk management profile, which includes a solid workplace safety plan, will show customers that incidents are handled with the employees and customers in mind.
Financial investment is a necessity for your business, but a poor risk profile can make it difficult, even impossible, to secure investors. Investors are looking for a dependable return on their investment, and they want to see that you take your business seriously. Here's where the risk profile and work safety plan comes in. Investors will look at these when they are considering initial investment or further investment in your company, and the more solid and comprehensive the plans are, the more likely they are to risk their money on you and your business.
The business risk profile of your company has an effect on every facet of your business functions, and the workplace safety plan is a big part of that. Crafting a workplace safety plan, based on an evaluation of your business and with the valuable input of your insurance broker or a health and safety consultant, provides you and your employees with a sound guide for preventing incidents and handling them when they occur. A workplace safety plan saves money and time, improves productivity, makes your business risk profile more positive, and most importantly, protects your employees and customers.
Poms & Associates provides brokerage services, offering advice and the most up-to-date information about general business insurance and other related business issues. If you are currently shopping for business insurance, are interested in expanding your coverage with additional policies, or would like advice and assistance in crafting a workplace safety policy for your business, please visit our website or contact us .


Autism Acceptance, not Awareness. Don't Light It Up Blue.
Have you ever noticed that "autism awareness" assumes that you're not autistic? How about the way that the people imploring you to support their plight are almost always the family members of an autistic person? Or how we always seem to read about autistic children, and rarely adults?
Of course, I'm not autistic. So instead of writing my own post on why I think "autism awareness" erases autistic people and puts allistic people front-and-centre, this post is all about the links.
"Light it up Blue" is the slogan for Autism Awareness Month. Why would someone who wants to support their autistic friends and loved ones object to either? The primary reason is that many autistic people see Autism Awareness Month as a front for Autism Speaks, a huge organisation claiming to advocate for autistic people.
Autism Speaks isn't run by autistic people and (as of 2014) have never had any autistic people on their board.
Autism Speaks refers to autism as having "stolen" children from their families. Their goals are not to support autistic people, but to end ("cure") autism. Many autistic people feel that their autism is an essential part of who they are.
Autism Speaks gives money to forms of therapy such as ABA, which many autistic people have described as 'abusive'.
For a long time, Autism Speaks was an explicitly anti-vaccination organisation.
There's a lot more in the original post.
Matt Carey at Left Brain Right Brain wrote about how Autism Speaks uses Autism Awareness Month/Day to advertise for themselves.
over the years, Autism Speaks has made autism awareness into autism speaks awareness. And no where is that more obvious than on April 2nd with their "light it up blue" event.
How to Support Autistic People this month?
The first, and most time sensitive, is to participate in our boycotts of Speaks. Let the world know that you support oppressed groups being the main voices on themselves in #REDinstead in April, especially the 2nd, and wear red to show support and spark conversation. Boycottautismspeaks has a list of retailers donating to them, as well. You can also check out our other hashtag, #AreYouAwareOfMeNow, to keep up on the dialogue. The best defense we have against ableism is education and conversation. Learn about autism from autistics with sources like Neurowonderful, The Thinking Person's Guide to Autism, and our organizations, such as Autism Women's Network and the Autistic Self Advocacy Network. Your area may even have a local chapter!
I'm not an expert, but this month I'm keeping an eye on #redinstead. I'm making an effort to share autistic people's words and perspectives as much as I can, and to be there for my friends if they're having a rough time of it.
← Anti Choicers Ask The Darnedest Things. I've got a few questions for them.
While being autistic is… not something that can, and probably not even something that *should*, be "cured", it is something that often causes problems when dealing with neurotypical people. Understanding… the shape of the problem, as it were, can make it easier to deal with.
Though if Autism Speaks was in any way aligned with the anti-vaxxers, they can go die in a fire.


Congrats winners. Now get shopping! Great to see active members winning.
Shame the Football finished Wales 1 v Panama 1. We def should of won.
Congrats to everybody who won.
Congrats to all, especially those who are super helpful in the community!
So stoked to be chosen. When will we be able to choose the products? Will it show up as a rewards credit on our account?
When will we be able to choose the products?
I could understand that you'd like to share some fun with your UK friends, but we can only accept one shipping address for each winners, so if you want to give all this $150 prize to your best friend, then you can provide him or her UK delivery address to me. Sorry, at present we can't separate the shipping order, I hope in the near future, we could improve this process.
Prize claim email received around an hour ago. You can choose up to five products totaling $150 (or local currency equiv). Final field should allow copy/paste of Amazon links of the products you want.


text:
Governor's Newest Transfer Has Bell Questioning Himself (RECAP)
No Strain No Diamonds
Season 6 • Episode 9
[Warning: The below contains MAJOR spoilers for The Resident Season 6 Episode 9, "No Pressure No Diamonds."]
Sadly, Dr. Equipment Voss (Jane Leeves) didn't scare off Governor Betz (Steven Culp), and he's simply making issues worse for Dr. Randolph Bell (Bruce Greenwood) on The Resident. His newest transfer, following that lawsuit, was an article with the headline "Harmful Physician at Chastain."
That comes simply as Bell is about to carry out a dangerous surgical procedure on one among Dr. Devon Pravesh's (Manish Dayal) sufferers: the implantation of a titanium rib cage. What's extra: a documentary crew goes to movie it. It's not solely good for the partnership Devon, by way of his scientific trials, is getting going with a robotics firm (that made the ribs), however it might be good publicity for Chastain as properly — at a time that it might use it with Betz slashing its price range. Equipment solely agrees to it being filmed if they've full inventive management.
Equipment instantly involves Bell's protection as soon as she's alerted to the article; he's a wholly totally different man and physician than he was when he was nicknamed HODAD (Fingers of Loss of life and Destruction), she insists, and this dangerous surgical procedure may very well be good for his picture when he's profitable. Nevertheless, after the affected person's daughter sees the article, she calls for that Bell be taken off her mom's case, even after Equipment tells her she'd belief him together with her life.
Bell understands when Equipment informs him, however she insists they are going to preserve combating Betz. However ought to they? The stress isn't good for Bell's MS, as we see when his head begins hurting and the room begins spinning whereas he reads the article. He's visibly upset after.
In the meantime, Equipment steps in for the dangerous surgical procedure, and whereas she, Dr. AJ Austin (Malcolm-Jamal Warner), and Dr. Billie Sutton (Jessica Lucas) run into issues, they're finally profitable. And consequently, Devon's partnership with the robotics firm — which was on shaky floor as issues took a flip — remains to be in place.
However although Bell doesn't do this surgical procedure, he nonetheless will get an surprising likelihood to shine, with some encouragement from Dr. Conrad Hawkins (Matt Czuchry). He brings in Bell and Dr. Leela Devi (Anuja Joshi) to deal with his affected person, who was attacked by animals in his unlawful zoo. Bell as soon as once more runs into a difficulty — this time, double imaginative and prescient — and has Leela deal with the non-surgical process he suggests. (He's not letting outdoors influences dictate how he does his job, he insists when Conrad factors out the therapy.)
When issues go south for this affected person, Conrad is aware of he received't make it to the OR and insists Bell wants to chop him open (a decompressive laparotomy) proper there within the hallway whereas ready for the elevator. "I knew that man they wrote about in that article, and that's not you, not now," Conrad tells him. And whereas Bell's not so positive anymore, "I'd belief you with my life. After every part we've been by way of, that has to imply one thing to you as a result of it means one thing to me," the internist continues. "I do know it can save you this man's life proper now." After a second, Bell does simply that … and it's caught on digital camera by the documentary crew.
On the finish of the day, nevertheless, Bell waits in Equipment's workplace for her and tells her about what occurred when he learn a part of the article. She attributes his response to an nervousness assault, however he says it's his MS, made worse by the stress or a aspect impact of his new meds. His MS may very well be progressing. Equipment says they'll discover one other therapy or scientific trial, and Bell thinks he must return to Minnesota. No matter it takes, she tells him. She simply desires him by her aspect.
Elsewhere on this episode, AJ turns to Nurse Hundley (Denitra Isler) and Dr. Feldman (Tasso Feldman) for childcare after he can't discover a alternative sitter to observe the twins whereas he's working, and Padma's (Aneesha Joshi) taking a much-needed self-care day and never answering her cellphone. He finds the twins with Billie on the finish of the day — she couldn't hug Trevor when he was that younger due to the place he got here from — at which level we get an replace on her son: He's creating new medication in Baltimore, they usually're nonetheless in contact.
Then, when AJ arrives dwelling, he's stunned to search out Padma's not there … and her cellphone's going straight to voicemail. Uh-oh.
The Resident, Tuesdays, 8/7c, Fox
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text:
Aishiteru
Forgiveness, Kaiyo, アイシテル, 海容
Typical mother Noguchi Satsuki spent her days trying to balance her life as a wife to her hard-working husband Kazuhiko and mother to their only son Tomoya, a seemingly withdrawn fifth-grader with whom Satsuki struggled to communicate. Seiko and Ozawa Hideaki, living in the same neighborhood as the Noguchi family, were raising a rebellious junior h… more Typical mother Noguchi Satsuki spent her days trying to balance her life as a wife to her hard-working husband Kazuhiko and mother to their only son Tomoya, a seemingly withdrawn fifth-grader with whom Satsuki struggled to communicate. Seiko and Ozawa Hideaki, living in the same neighborhood as the Noguchi family, were raising a rebellious junior high school daughter Mihoko and their first son Kiyotaka a second-grader who was showered with much love and affection by his mother. On that ill-fated day when Kiyotaka was reported missing and was later found dead, Tomoya was taken into custody by police as the prime murder suspect. Tomoya slowly begins to open up about his innermost feelings as the hidden truth reveals the true motive behind his cruel act of violence. Satsuki, as mother of the perpetrator, comes face-to-face with her son's true self while Seiko, as mother of the victim, deals with her sorrow and anger. less
Genres: Human Drama
Tanaka Misako
Fujita Yumiko
Inamori Izumi
Itaya Yuka
Sano Shiro
Watch Aishiteru:
Aishiteru Episode 10 Oct 11, 2011
Aishiteru Episode 9 Oct 11, 2011


Stray Cat Blues, Inc. Stray Cat Blues, Inc.
To arrange the adoption of stray, un-owned and free-roaming cats and kittens into permanent, qualified barn and other homes, in order to prevent cruelty to such animals and to alleviate their suffering; to advise and assist individuals who rescue homeless kittens and cats on methods to obtain permanent, quality adoptions; to provide homeless cats and kittens with temporary shelter, spay/neuter surgery to prevent breeding, and vaccinations to prevent disease and illness; and to educate the public about the importance of spaying and neutering free-roaming cats and companion cats.
Would you recommend Stray Cat Blues, Inc.?


text:
Q: Making a simple calculator in android I'm making a calculator in android, but for some reason it won't let me read from the edit text. this is the code i used to declare the edit text:
final EditText AnswerBox = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.AnswerBox);

This is the code for one of the buttons:
one.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        public void onClick (View v)   {
            AnswerBox.append("1");
        }
    });
}

This is the method that reads the number:
public Double number_reader()

{
    Double num1;
    String s;
    s=AnswerBox.getText().toString();
    num1=Double.valueOf(s);

    return num1;

}

The issue is with the AnswerBox in the number_reader method, it says it can't be resolved..

A: You probably declare AnswerBox in the onCreate method:
final EditText AnswerBox = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.AnswerBox);

and now AnswerBox is a local variable and it doesn't exist outside the onCreate method so it can't be found in the method number_reader.
To resolve it make a private field in your class :
private final EditText AnserBox;

and then in the onCreate method do this:
AnswerBox = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.AnswerBox);

A: You declared it final and created it empty.  Doubt you can add to it after that.

A: I think you need to use Double.parseDouble(s) instead. If you need to, you could refer to an answer I gave here

A: Remove the final keyword and add the EditText in your class fields (declare outside of all methods, but in the Activity). After that it'll be fine to read and write to the EditText.
Also for a side note, it's not a good practice to have variable names with capital first letter, this is for a class or interface. Try using a lower camelCase for this.

A: you can try this code..
package com.example.showoff;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.text.method.DigitsKeyListener;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

        TextView edittest1;

        Button one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, zero, add, sub, mul, div, cancel, equal;

        ArrayList<Float> math = new ArrayList<Float>();
        float m1;
        float m2;
        float temp;

        int currentOperation = 0;
        int nextOperation;

        final static int ADD = 1;
        final static int SUBTRACT = 2;
        final static int MULTIPLY =3;
        final static int DIVISION = 4;
        final static int EQUALS = 0;
        final static int CLEAR = 1;
        final static int DONT_CLEAR = 0;
        int clearDisplay = 0;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

            edittest1 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.edittest1);

            one =(Button) findViewById(R.id.btnNum1Id);
            two =(Button) findViewById(R.id.btnNum2Id);
            three =(Button) findViewById(R.id.btnNum3Id);
            four =(Button) findViewById(R.id.btnNum4Id);
            five =(Button) findViewById(R.id.btnNum5Id);
            six =(Button) findViewById(R.id.btnNum6Id);
            seven =(Button) findViewById(R.id.btnNum7Id);
            eight =(Button) findViewById(R.id.btnNum8Id);
            nine =(Button) findViewById(R.id.btnNum9Id);
            zero =(Button) findViewById(R.id.btnNum0Id);
            add =(Button) findViewById(R.id.btnNumAddId);
            sub =(Button) findViewById(R.id.btnNumSubId);
            mul =(Button) findViewById(R.id.btnNumMulId);
            div =(Button) findViewById(R.id.btnNumDivId);
            cancel =(Button) findViewById(R.id.btnNumClearId);
            equal =(Button) findViewById(R.id.btnNumEqualId);

            edittest1.setKeyListener(DigitsKeyListener.getInstance(true,true));

            registerListeners();

    }

    private void registerListeners() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

        one.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (clearDisplay == CLEAR) {
                    edittest1.setText("");
                }
                clearDisplay = DONT_CLEAR;
               edittest1.append("1");

            }
        });

        two.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (clearDisplay == CLEAR) {
                    edittest1.setText("");
                }
                clearDisplay = DONT_CLEAR;
                edittest1.append("2");

            }
        });

        three.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (clearDisplay == CLEAR) {
                   edittest1.setText("");
                }
                clearDisplay = DONT_CLEAR;
                edittest1.append("3");

            }
        });
        four.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (clearDisplay == CLEAR) {
                  edittest1.setText("");
                }
                clearDisplay = DONT_CLEAR;
                edittest1.append("4");

            }
        });

        five.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (clearDisplay == CLEAR) {
                   edittest1.setText("");
                }
                clearDisplay = DONT_CLEAR;
                edittest1.append("5");

            }
        });

        six.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (clearDisplay == CLEAR) {
                   edittest1.setText("");
                }
                clearDisplay = DONT_CLEAR;
                edittest1.append("6");

            }
        });
        seven.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (clearDisplay == CLEAR) {
                    edittest1.setText("");
                }
                clearDisplay = DONT_CLEAR;
                edittest1.append("7");

            }
        });

        eight.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (clearDisplay == CLEAR) {
                    edittest1.setText("");
                }
                clearDisplay = DONT_CLEAR;
                edittest1.append("8");

            }
        });

        nine.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (clearDisplay == CLEAR) {
                    edittest1.setText("");
                }
                clearDisplay = DONT_CLEAR;
                edittest1.append("9");

            }
        });
        zero.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (clearDisplay == CLEAR) {
                    edittest1.setText("");
                }
                clearDisplay = DONT_CLEAR;
                edittest1.append("0");

            }
        });
        add.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {

                calcLogic(ADD);
                }
            }
        );

        sub.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                calcLogic(SUBTRACT);
            }
        });
        mul.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                calcLogic(MULTIPLY);

            }
        });
        div.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                calcLogic(DIVISION);
            }
        });
        equal.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {

                calcLogic(EQUALS);

            }
        });
        cancel.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {

                edittest1.setText("0");
                m1 = 0;
                m2 = 0;
                math.removeAll(math);
                currentOperation = 0;
                nextOperation = 0;

            }
        });

}
    private void calcLogic(int operator){
         math.add(Float.parseFloat(edittest1.getText().toString()));

            if (operator != EQUALS) {
                nextOperation = operator;
            }
            else if  (operator == EQUALS){
                nextOperation = 0;
                //operator=' ';
            }

            switch (currentOperation) {
            case ADD:
                m1 = math.get(0);
                m2 = math.get(1);

                math.removeAll(math);

                math.add(m1 + m2);

                edittest1.setText(String.format("%.3f", math.get(0)));

                break;
            case SUBTRACT:
                m1 = math.get(0);
                m2 = math.get(1);

                math.removeAll(math);

                math.add(m1 - m2);

                edittest1.setText(String.format("%.3f", math.get(0)));
                break;
            case MULTIPLY:
                m1 = math.get(0);
                m2 = math.get(1);

                math.removeAll(math);

                math.add(m1 * m2);

                edittest1.setText(String.format("%.3f", math.get(0)));
                break;
            case DIVISION:
                m1 = math.get(0);
                m2 = math.get(1);

                math.removeAll(math);

                math.add(m1 / m2);

                edittest1.setText(String.format("%.3f", math.get(0)));
                break;
            }

            clearDisplay = CLEAR;
            currentOperation = nextOperation;
            if (operator == EQUALS) {
                m1 = 0;
                m2 = 0;
                math.removeAll(math);
            }

        }
         @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_main, menu);
        return true;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Ashgabat, the apple of the regime's eye
The latest developments in Turkmenistan as a result of the coronavirus have demonstrated once again that the capital, the marbled pride and joy of the regime, takes priority over the rest of the country.
Despite Turkmenistan's isolation and secretive nature, Ashgabat is its window to the world. Since the country's independence, billions of dollars have been spent in creating an artificial, albeit expensive, façade of white marble buildings, eccentric monuments and underused pharaonic infrastructures. While other such monuments also dot the landscape of other towns and cities, Ashgabat has been its main recipient, along with other privileges.
The few visitors that manage to access the country get an uneasy impression of a phantasmagorical city, devoid of citizens but with superficial luxuries. A false sense of prosperity that is not felt in Turkmenistan's other urban centres, or even within the real Ashgabat that the occasional tourist never gets to see. The tall marble buildings, golden statues and decorative fountains is what the regime wants the foreigner to see. In other words, an irreal success story.
The regime's favouritism with the capital is more evident during times of crisis. Despite being an energy-rich nation with large reserves of natural gas, Turkmenistan has been suffering a self-made economic crisis in the last years. Food supply has been a major issue and, in line with the regime's policies, it has been prioritised to Ashgabat in detriment of the regions. When the shortage also hit the capital last year it became evident that the crisis was serious. Similarly, the authorities have shielded Ashgabat from internal migrants, not allowing citizens from other regions to access the capital in search of work and fining and expelling them when found during raids by the police. The current situation with the notorious COVID-19 has highlighted once again Ashgabat's as an island of marble and gold in the middle of the desert.
Back in early February, the Turkmen authorities set up a quarantine camp in Turkmenabat, the country's second largest city, some 600 kilometres north-east of the capital, near the Uzbek border. Passengers coming from China and other countries with a large number of coronavirus cases were kept interned in the camp. In addition, planes coming from China, before flights were cancelled, were diverted from Ashgabat to Turkmenabat. For lack of an official explanation, it seemed that the government wanted to keep the virus and the rumours around it outside the capital.
The common restrictions to access Ashgabat, forbidden in many cases with those with car registration plates from outside, have now been strengthened and the city is now effectively sealed off and not accessible for non-residents. Only those with the relevant permits are allowed to board planes and trains to the capital, and similar restrictions are in place for drivers. While the capital has been blockaded, travel has also been restricted in the rest of the country between the provinces. If the past is something to go by, it is expected for Ashgabat to receive the largest share of the nations meagre and depleted medical resources, which still won't be enough.
It is not uncommon for capital cities to attract the lion's share of a government's budget and attention. They are considered in many aspects the heart of the nation and, with exceptions, they tend to be not only the political centre but also the economic powerhouse of the country. However, Turkmenistan's case goes beyond that. President Niyazov first, and Berdymukhamedov now, use Ashgabat as a showcase of the country's purported prosperity, including the most strident personality cult monuments. That is why, when a crisis, whether economic, social or medical, reaches the capital it is an indication that the situation is concerning. Ashgabat, the apple of the regime's eye, is the last to feel the shockwaves of negative events happening across the country, in Turkmenabat, Dashoguz, Balkanabat and elsewhere. But neither it's marble façade nor the authorities' efforts can keep holding the fabricated picture of perfection for long.
TagsTurkmenistan
0 comments on "Ashgabat, the apple of the regime's eye"


Since new to Vaping, I do many searches around via Mr. Google and have come across similar notices to the one listed below re Retailers in the USA. Is this because of the FDA Regulations/Ruling?
"THANK YOU FOR THE SUPPORT FROM ALL OF OUR WONDERFUL CUSTOMERS.
Unfortunately, because of the many new regulations, we have decided to exit the retail portion of our business."
mallee00 and ybnice like this.
You have to be carefull sending vape gear to the US s well . I mark my gear Acrylic samples .


for thee to go to work than to beg.
I plough and sow, and having ploughed and sown, I eat.
"Dost thou profess to be a husbandman?" replied the Brahman.
and exertion is my draught-ox.
This ploughing is ploughed to destroy the weeds of illusion.


Massage in Vashi is across everywhere in Mumbai and accessible to you any time of the day. Extending from basic, nearby massage parlors to greatly advanced parlors, costly massage centers with antiquated Chinese systems instilled in their treatments; massage services in Vashi Mumbai are dazzling, unparalleled and suited for your necessities. Regardless of whether you're in the corporate sector, busting your back and over-applying your eyes on the PC screen, a homemaker, just tired of the unlimited errands, or an understudy, continually depleted with attempting to finish your assignments, massage in Vashi are essentially a call and 'appointment booked' away. So the need for massage therapy arises when we are indulged in some work and didn't even get the time for relaxation of the entire body.
Female to Male Body Massage in Vashi is a significant well known back rub treatment. Individuals are continually searching for specific back rub treatment as they can find the opportunity to take the treatment from the female experts. Female specialists dependably energize the individual while rubbing their delicate body parts. Along these lines, there are a couple of reasons why this back rub treatment gets well known and getting a high number of searches all through the Internet. As we realize that massage treatment is useful for the human body, however, the Individuals dependably attempt to finish two errands at any given moment. They generally attempt to get the best massage therapy alongside the additional extra services given by female experts.
You can even call for massage therapy at home, and unwind in the solace of your home. Yet, how would you pick the best massage service providers in this city which brings you to the relaxation? How would you realize which knead is most appropriate to your body, and which treatment you generally require? Furthermore, the vast majority of all, how would you approach choosing from an extensive variety of massage parlors, singular masseuses, spas that offer a blend of massage services alongside different administrations that are added in your financial plan and region? Stress not, we are here with a couple of pointers, aside from the appraisals, which may enable you to pick the best massage in Vashi according to your necessities.
Each spa or massage parlor gives three sorts of treatments that are all inclusive to all-body treatments, medications, and facials. Each spa has particular mark therapy in which they are specialized. Body treatments incorporate Swedish massage, hot stone treatment, aromatherapy, deep tissue massage and so on the last one being the most prominent. The therapy which is provided by the female therapist is beneficial for your health and fitness.
You can choose the massage therapy and the centers on the ground of duration of therapy sessions. Body massage in Vashi regularly goes from 45 minutes to 60 minutes, though medications in a hurry are just for 20 minutes or a half hour, worst case scenario. Facials contrast in the range from 30-45 minutes yet can even the most recent 60 minutes, contingent upon the thoughtful you pick. Continuously enquire about as far as possible already. So you should always have a look that massage centres in Vashi are providing therapy for how much duration and then accordingly you can select the centres and therapy of your choice.
You can also choose the massage in Vashi according to ambience and hygiene environment. A spa is reliable by its notoriety of the sort of treatments it provides and precise on the off chance that it has very much prepared staff with uniform for each position and confirmed specialists. The feel and items utilized should give you a thought of the cleanliness level it keeps up and nature of medications and back rubs it offers. Family spas, or spas which give couples' massage in Vashi are the best to go to. So you can easily choose the best massage centres of your choice by looking at the environment inside.
We can easily choose the best massage services in Vashi according to the rates they are charging from the individual. When the rates are higher in terms of quality, there is less possibility of people to go there. It is a typical confusion that massage services in Vashi are to a great degree expensive. That isn't the situation as the cost of a normal back rub counts with the sum you presently spend on a hair style or even a nail trim/pedicure. A full body rub ranges from INR 800-2500 and upwards. Extra beneficial services can charge from INR 500-800 and upwards. What's more, facials, contingent upon the nature of items utilized range from INR 800-3000 and upwards. So you can go for back rubs where your pocket feels loose as well.


text:
What is Green Building?
Green Building Guiding Principles
Benefits of Green Building
Indoor Life Quality & Indoor Air Quality
Energy Efficiency = Building Envelope = Less Emissions
BEES Software from NIST
Recycling Plastics
Future of Life Cycle Assessment
Environmental Issues in Construction
Energy Saving Foundations
Continuous Insulation
Thermal Doors
Energy Conserving Windows
Roofing Materials & Membranes
Modern Pipe Materials
Protecting Electrical
Sustainable Trim & Finishing
Resilient Decking, Fencing, Railing
Replacing a Roof? Here's How to Increase Its Energy Efficiency
New Focus on the Benefits of Plastic Building Materials
Amazon HQ2 in Virginia: Green Buildings Surrounded by Nature
Valuing Water With Smart Pipe Choices
Reducing Building Insulation Products' Embodied Carbon and Carbon Payback Time
COVID-19 Spurs Healthy Building Design Trends
On June 29, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo announced that the state's shopping malls will be required to use air-conditioning systems capable of filtering-out the COVID-19 virus. To meet this requirement, HVAC systems will have to be equipped with high-efficiency HEPA filters, designed to filter particles as small as 0.01 micron (the COVID-19 virus is about 0.125 microns in diameter).
The Importance of Indoor Air Quality to Healthy Buildings
Cuomo's announcement highlights the importance of indoor air quality as part of the long-term response to the COVID-19 pandemic. People spend a lot of time indoors — some up to 90% of their typical days – and lockdowns associated with COVID-19 response have only increased that indoor time. Many people around the world have spent most of the past several months inside.
With people spending so much time indoors, it follows that that most respiratory-disease transmission also occurs indoors. COVID-19 is but one of over 40 pathogens and allergens that can transmit disease through the air in a built environment. Creating a healthier indoor environment can not only lower our risk of transmitting disease, but also improve our health and our productivity. There's also a huge economic benefit, estimated at up to $150 billion per year, to be gained from improving our indoor environment to reduce the occurrence of colds, flu and related illness.
Thinking about building a future that better manages risks of the COVID-19 and other health concerns aligns with architects' and planners' long-term goal of making the built environment healthier. While COVID-19 is not the only reason to fast-track "healthy building" planning and technology, it's likely to bring such practices into sharp focus for some time to come. A "healthy" building will be designed and equipped to favor humans' health, while reducing infectious diseases' ability to enter and spread.
Controlling Air Infiltration
We can start to improve air quality by enhancing building weatherization. Weatherization — including housewraps, roofing membranes, and advanced insulation materials — can act as a "skin" to help prevent the infiltration of microorganisms, dust, pollen, and mold spores that produce infection, allergic responses and immune-system stress. And sealing-off infiltration will increase HVAC filtering efficiency.
There is an often-quoted phrase, "build tight, ventilate right" that applies. If you can't control the airflow into the house, you can't control the air inside the house! With a good building envelope in place, it supports air filtration, as discussed above, to catch and remove as many airborne pathogens as possible.
HVAC and Light Help Optimize Indoor Environments
Another way is to configure HVAC to control temperature and humidity so rooms remain a bit warmer and more humid (40%-60% relative humidity) than conducive for virus proliferation, but not so warm and humid as to favor the growth of mold and bacteria. Increasing the volume of fresh air pumped through a building will also reduce the amount of recycled infectious particles. Plus, studies have shown that increasing fresh-air volume improves our ability to think and perform cognitive tasks.
Ventilation flow also needs rethinking to promote good health. Many HVAC systems will need to be configured to help ensure outside air is drawn from safe locations – not, for example near another building's exhaust vents. And interior ducting may need to be configured so air is circulated differently in a building's high-occupancy areas.
Light is another important factor to consider. Sunlight can discourage the growth of certain pathogenic bacteria, viruses and fungi. Future-building designs will likely feature increased window area to allow more natural light to bathe the interior. And the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends installing UVGI (ultraviolet germicidal irradiation) lamps in office buildings to allow regular antimicrobial scanning. Such lamps can sanitize both the airborne environment and surfaces.
The changes described above are just a sampling of many that must be addressed. COVID-19 will change how our public buildings – offices, apartments, hospitals, schools, and government – are designed, built and operated. The Coronavirus is accelerating the pace of change toward healthier buildings. Expect to hear a lot more about these issues in the years ahead.
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text:
\section{introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Helmholtz free energy, $F$, is the most important and essential property in thermodynamics.
In statistical mechanics, however, estimating Helmholtz free energy is a challenging problem, because $F$ is not statistically averaged value that is easily obtained by Metropolis algorithm\cite{:/content/aip/journal/jcp/21/6/10.1063/1.1699114}. $F$ is derived from partition function, $Z$, that is defined by:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:partition_function}
	Z = \sum_E W(E)\exp \left( -\frac{E}{k_{\rm B}T} \right),
\end{equation}
where $W$ is the number of states, $k_{\rm B}$ is boltzmann constant and $E$ is total energy.
Here $W(E)$ is needed to obtain $Z$, however $W(E)$ is not known {\it a priori}.
The most simple approach to obtain $W(E)$ is to search phase space and caluculate $E$ for all possible states.
This approach requires enormous computational cost, therefore this approach is limited for small system because of practical difficulty.
Microscopic structure of substitutional crystalline solids is often represented by Ising Hamiltonian, where phase space can be splited into momentum space and configuration space\cite{solid-state}.
In order to estimate $Z$ on Ising Hamiltonian for large system, two main methods exist; (i) analytical methods and (ii) numerical methods.
In (i),
for example, transfer-matrix method\cite{PhysRev.65.117} is one of the most successful method to give exact solution of free energy.
However, since such analytical methods are limited to the system whose Hamiltonian is quite simple, analytical methods cannot be applied to the system whose Hamiltonian has multibody interaction terms.
This difficulty can be avoided using (ii) such as multicanonical ensemble\cite{BERG1991249, PhysRevLett.68.9, PhysRevLett.69.2292}, entropic sampling\cite{PhysRevLett.71.211}, Wang-Landau method\cite{PhysRevLett.86.2050, PhysRevE.64.056101} and so on.
Although these method effectively sample microscopic states over vast configuration space, these methods cannot avoid the problem with computational cost that increase in system size.
This is because the number of points in cofiguration space exponentially increase with increase of system size(e.g., in $N$ spin Ising model, the number of points in configuration space is $2^N$).
In addition, as the number of interactions increase, problems become too intractable.
As shown in (i) and (ii), estimating $Z$ suffers from increasing both $N$ and the number of interactions.

We have recently proposed a new approach, "structure integration(SI)\cite{0953-8984-27-38-385201}", overcoming above difficulties and enabling direct evaluation of configurational free energy for large binary alloy system.
SI gives universal and analytical representation of $W$ via so-called "correlation functions\cite{SDG}" which does not depend on both constituent elements or system size.
Since SI is based on information about density of microscopic states on configuration space established from crystal lattice\cite{Yuge_sro}, SI can be applied to any lattice system, e.g., fcc, bcc, hcp and square lattice with any number of multibody interactions.
In our previous study\cite{0953-8984-27-38-385201}, we applied SI to equiatomic Cu-Au alloy, that show first order phase transition from $L1_0$ to disorder states above critical temperature, $T_{\rm c}$, through first-principles-based simulation. Comparing with free energy using SI and exact method in small system, we found that SI could evaluate configurational free energy accurately in disorder states above $T_{\rm c}$.
This good agreement for disorder states implies that our analytical representationf of $W$ can describe the major part of true $W$.
However, since SI have been established based on "constant" composition, analytical representation of $W$ could not be applied for the system where composition can vary.

In present study, we give an analytical representation of $W$ for any composition and extend SI to magnetic system.
This extension enable us to estimate $Z$ in large spin system for multibody interactions.
In order to confirm validity and applicability, we apply the present method to a model system, two-dimensional(2D) square lattice Ising model that has been generally used as a benchmark for new simulation, because spin system cannnot be described by equicomponent method.

\section{methodology}
\label{sec:methodology}
In this section, first, we give a breif explanation of SI and generalized Ising model.
Second, the derivation of extension of SI to magnetic system is shown.
Finally, we show how the extended SI is applied to a simple model system.

	\subsection{Structure integration approach}
In order to describe thermodynamic property via microscopic states confined to atomic arrangements on a given lattice, generalized Ising model for multibody interactions\cite{SDG} has been proposed and widely used in alloy studies.
Then, configurational property, e.g., $E$, is competely represented via correlation functions, $\xi_k$,
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:CE}
	E = \sum_k V_k \xi_k,
\end{equation}
where $k$ and $V_k$ denote the figure of cluster(e.g., point, pair, triangle and tetora) and effective cluster interaction(ECI).
$\xi$s are product of complete basis function that are constructed by Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization.
Especially in binary alloy system, the basis functions are $\{ 1,\theta \}$ where $\theta$ is a spin variable that has $+1$ or $-1$.
Therefore in binary case, $\xi_k$ are expressed by the average for spin products in cluster $k$.
From the completeness and orthogonality of $\xi$s, $V_i$ is described by $\langle E|\xi_i \rangle$, where $\langle | \rangle$ denotes inner product.
This means that the configurational property can be split into the term depend only on lattice and on others.
In our previous study\cite{Yuge_sro}, we confirmed that the distribution of any $\xi_k$ numerically obey to normal distribution function(NDF) at large system size, $P_k(\xi_k)$, whose average, $\mu_k$, and standard deviation, $\sigma_k$, are as follows\cite{PhysRevB.42.9622}:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:average}
	\mu_k = (2x-1)^k,
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:standard_deviation}
	\sigma_k = \frac{1}{\sqrt{ND_k}} \;\;\; (x=0.5).
\end{equation}
\begin{figure}
	\includegraphics[clip, width=\columnwidth]{./dos_xi.pdf}%
	\caption{\label{fig:dos_xi}
	Upper part: Density of states in terms of correlation function. Points denote the normalized number of states from MC simulation in ${\rm A}_{2048}{\rm B}_{2048}$ binary alloy system on 2D square lattice. Solid curves are normal distribution function whose average and standard deviation are derived from lattice.
	Lower part: Density of states in SI for $E = \sum_k V_k \xi_k$ where $k$ means the first and fourth nearest neighbor pair(1NNpair and 4NNpair) cluster.
	}
\end{figure}
Here $x$ is composition, $N$ is the number of sites and $D_k$ is the number of $k$ clusters per site.
In upper part of Fig.~\ref{fig:dos_xi}, we compare the distribution from Monte Carlo(MC) simulation and the DOS known {\it a priori}.
This good agreement is reliable in disorder states.
We confirmed that any single variable $P_k(\xi_k)$ correspond to marginal distribution of the DOS in terms of the set of $\xi$s, $\vec{\xi}$.\cite{Yuge_sro, 0953-8984-27-38-385201}
In SI, we approximate that any correlation coefficient between different $\xi$s are zero at thermodynamic limit, i.e.,\cite{Yuge_sro}
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:decomposition}
	P(\vec{\xi}) \simeq \prod_{k} P_k(\xi_k).
\end{equation}
From Eq.~(\ref{eq:partition_function}), (\ref{eq:CE}) and (\ref{eq:decomposition}), $Z$ is rewritten as\cite{0953-8984-27-38-385201}
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:SI}
	Z \simeq \prod_{k} \int P_k(\xi_k) \exp \left( -\frac{V_k\xi_k}{k_{\rm B}T} \right) d\xi_k.
\end{equation}
We call Eq.~(\ref{eq:SI}) "structure integration" because the integration variable means the basis of configuration.
Although $\xi_k$ is discrete variable, in Eq.~(\ref{eq:SI}) we employ integral instead of sum, because expressing the DOS as Eq.~(\ref{eq:decomposition}) is allowed at thermodynamic limit.
Eq.~(\ref{eq:SI}) can be applied only to equicomponent alloy, because Eq.~(\ref{eq:standard_deviation}) holds only for equiatomic composition.
Therefore, SI cannot be applied to magnetic system.

\subsection{Present extension of structure integration}
Here we extend Eq.~(\ref{eq:SI}) to any composition.
When the changes in composition is included to $Z$, $P_k(\xi_k)$ and intervals of integration should be rewritten to be in terms of $x$.
The characteristics of $P_k(\xi_k)$ are determined by $\mu_k$ and $\sigma_k$.

For simplicity and correspondence to Ising model, without the lack of generality, hereinafter we consider $E=V\xi$ where $\xi = \sum_{\langle i,j \rangle }\theta_i \theta_j$ and $\langle i,j \rangle$ denotes that a pair of $\theta_i$ and $\theta_j$ is nearest neighbor, i.e., $E$ is expressed by single correlation function.
In Ising model, $Z$ is derived from the sum of boltzmann factor, $\exp \left( -V\xi/k_{\rm B}T \right) $, over all possible configuration.
Meanwhile in SI, since configuration space is expressd as $(x, \xi)$, the DOS should be expressed in terms of $x$ and $\xi$; $P(x, \xi)$.
From previous study\cite{0953-8984-27-38-385201}, we know that $P(0.5, \xi)$ is described by NDF of which average and standard deviation are Eq.~(\ref{eq:average}) and (\ref{eq:standard_deviation}), and we also have shown that $P(x, \xi)$ where $x \neq 0.5$ can also be described by NDF in large system size.

Since $\mu_k$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq:average}) is already described by $x$, $\sigma_k$ should be described in terms of $x$.
Through MC simulation for $N=2048$ atoms on fcc lattice with $A_xB_{1-x}$ binary system, $\sigma_k (x)$ for each $x$ is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:var_vs_comp}.
In Fig.~\ref{fig:var_vs_comp}, we find that the points denote the standard deviations are well described as:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:var_vs_comp}
	\sigma_k(x) \simeq \frac{1-4(0.5-x)^2}{\sqrt{ND_k}}.
\end{equation}
\begin{figure}
	\includegraphics[clip, width=0.8\columnwidth]{var_vs_comp.pdf}%
	\caption{\label{fig:var_vs_comp}
	Standard deviation as a function of composition in $A_xB_{1-x}$ binary alloy system on fcc lattice when $8 \times 8 \times 8$ supercell. Points and solid curve denote the result of MC simulation and fitted quadratic function(Eq.~(\ref{eq:var_vs_comp})).
	 }
\end{figure}
Eq.~(\ref{eq:var_vs_comp}) satisfies the condisitions that $\sigma_k(0)=0$, $\sigma_k(0.5)=\sqrt{ND_k}$ and $\sigma_k(1)=0$.
We also confirm that Eq.~(\ref{eq:var_vs_comp}) is satisfied on 2D square lattice.
The form of $P(x, \xi)$ for each $x$ is shown, and furthermore we should consider the total number of states for each $x$.
The total number of states is $_NC_{Nx}$, and this should be described by the gamma function as $_NC_{Nx} = \Gamma(N+1) / \Gamma(Nx+1)\Gamma(N(1-x)+1)$ in the SI formalism in order to employ integration.
Using Eq.~(\ref{eq:var_vs_comp}) and the gamma function, $P(x, \xi)$ is described as:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq:DOS}
	P(x, \xi) &\simeq& \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi \sigma(x)^2}}
				\frac{\Gamma(N+1)}{\Gamma(Nx+1)\Gamma(N(1-x)+1)}  \nonumber \\
				&& \times \exp \left(-\frac{(\xi - \langle \xi \rangle)^2}{2 \sigma(x)^2}  \right).
\end{eqnarray}
Then $Z$ is rewritten as:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:SI_mod}
	Z \simeq \int_x \int_\xi P(x, \xi) \exp \left( -\frac{V\xi}{k_{\rm B}T} \right) d\xi dx.
\end{equation}
An advantage of this new expression of $Z$ is that the computational cost does not depend on $N$, because $x$ and $\xi$ are intensive variables. In contrast, additivity of $F$ is explicitly considered in $P(x, \xi)$ and $V$.
Since $Z$ is analytically rewritten, our method does not need iterative method like MC simulation.
When the number of $V_k$ is more than one, Eq.~(\ref{eq:SI_mod}) becomes:
\begin{equation}
	Z \simeq \int_x \prod_k \int_{\xi_k} P_k(x, \xi_k) \exp \left( -\frac{V_k\xi_k}{k_{\rm B}T} \right) d\xi_k dx. \nonumber
\end{equation}
Here approximately equal is caused by Eq.~(\ref{eq:decomposition}).
As above, we emphasize that our method can be applied to any lattice and any number of interactions.
Note that SI cannot be applied if any correlation coefficient between different $\xi$s does not approach to zero at thermodynamic limit.
We confirmed that when
constituent lattice points on cluster $k$ are all included in those on cluster $k'$, the correlation coefficient between $k$ and $k'$ does not approach to zero at thermodynamic limit.
In our previous study\cite{0953-8984-27-38-385201}, we showed that this difficulty can be overcomed using a new basis set that makes any non zero correlation coefficients between different $\xi$s zero.

\section{\label{sec:level3} result and discussion}
In order to caluclate Eq.~(\ref{eq:SI_mod}), intervals of integration should be determined as in terms of $\xi_k$.
In our previous study in CuAu\cite{0953-8984-27-38-385201}, we determined the intervals of integration as $-3\sigma_k < \xi_k < -3\sigma_k$ for any $k$.
This is because P($\vec{\xi}$) obeys to multivariate NDF.
Meanwhile, in this study, we choose a model system, 2D square lattice Ising model that does not have geometrical frustration and whose configurational polyhedron\cite{order-and-phase-stability} can be easily obtained.
In $4 \times 4$ square lattice Ising model, the exact DOS in terms of $x$ and $\xi$ is obtained through counting all possible states, and is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:2ddos}.
As shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:2ddos}, we can easily estimate the intervals of integration at thermodynamic limit.
The upper limit of $\xi$ increase toward to $+1$ with the increase of $N$, and the lower limit of $\xi$ is estimated as follows:
\[
  \xi = \begin{cases}
    1-4x & (0\leq x \leq0.5) \\
    4x-3 & (0.5<x \leq 1)
  \end{cases}
\]
We show these limitation of $\xi$s in Fig.~\ref{fig:2ddos} as straight black lines, and also show Eq.~(\ref{eq:average}) as a quadratic curve.
These limitations of $\xi$s are chosen in this study.
\begin{figure}
	\includegraphics[clip, width=0.8\columnwidth]{2ddos_tmp.pdf}%
	\caption{\label{fig:2ddos}
	The number of all possible states in terms of $x$ and $\xi$ in $4 \times 4$ 2D square lattice Ising model. An open triangle and a quadratic curve denote the expected limiation for $x$ and $\xi$ at thermodynamic limit and $\mu_k$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq:average}).
	}
\end{figure}

Since free energy estimated by SI does not depend on system size, for practical use, we can employ SI for any finite system size, which should always give identical result at thermodynamic limit.
However, suppose the fact that the DOS in terms of $\xi$ numerically obey to NDF is valid at thermodynamic limit, it is natural to employ SI in large system size.
Using SI, We obtained free energies in the $L \times L$ Ising square lattice for each $L = 16,32,64$ and $128$ with nearest neighbor coupling constants $J=\pm0.01$ where $J>0$ and $J<0$ correspond to antiferro and ferro magnetism, and confirmed the converged result in $L = 128$.

In Fig.~\ref{fig:result}, free energy via exact and our method are shown where (a) $J=\pm0.1$ and (b) $J=\pm0.01$.
Here we use a normalized unit that $F$ is divided by $J$ because
Fig.~\ref{fig:result} clearly shows that changes in $J$ make no difference to the normalized $F$.
Note that exact result is symmetric for $J$ but our results are not.
This is because the DOS in terms of $x$ and $\xi$ is symmetric for $\mu$, and $\mu$ is absolute value when the number atoms in cluster $k$ is even (see Eq.~(\ref{eq:average})).
Fig.~\ref{fig:result} shows that above $T_{\rm c}$, SI evaluate magnetic free energy accurately for both ferro and anti-ferro magnetism.
This accurate prediction of $F$ above $T_{\rm c}$ has the same tendency for alloy system with constant composition, which has been confined by our previous study\cite{0953-8984-27-38-385201}.
In particular for ferro magnetism system, SI successfully reproduces the free energy not only above $T_{\rm c}$ but also under $T_{\rm c}$.
This means that our {\it a priori} known DOS efficiently describe the tendency that all spins are up or down and disorder.

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.8\columnwidth]{result.pdf}%
	\caption{\label{fig:result}%
	Free energy 2D square lattice Ising model where (a) $J=\pm 0.1$ and (b) $J=\pm 0.01$. Solid line and points denote exact solution and the result using out method in $ 128 \times 128 $ square lattice for ferro and anti ferro magnetism.
	}%
\end{figure}

\section{\label{sec:level4} summary}

We propose an extended method to estimate configurational free energy directly for any composition, lattice, and the number of interactions.
The new expression of $Z$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq:SI_mod}) that known {\it a priori} is valid for 2D square lattice Ising model above critical temperature.

\begin{acknowledgments}
This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas "Materials Science on Synchronized LPSO Structure" (26109710) and a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists B (25820323) from the MEXT of Japan, Research Grant from Hitachi Metals$\cdot$Materials Science Foundation, and Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST).
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


It does not matter much whether you call them spreads, pastes or pates. Pates are usually made with livers so we have decided to call the product the spread. Smoked fish make wonderful spreads. Oily fish contains more fat and so it is easier to spread, however, lean fish is also spreadable as butter, cream, cream cheese or yogurt will make a great paste.
In recipes you can substitute one type of the fish for the other, for example flounder, sole or halibut are very similar. Cod, haddock, pollock and whiting are also similar lean fish. Then you have oily fish like bluefish, mackerel or eel. Trout and salmon have similar characteristics.
You get more product when smoked fish is mixed with other materials.
Smoked fish spreads are very expensive so you end up with a product that you might be hesitant to buy.
Common ingredients: butter, cream cheese, sour cream, meat stock (consomme), plain yogurt, mayonnaise and avocado pulp. They can be added on their own or mixed together. It makes little difference whether you use plain yogurt or sour cream.
Flavorings: pepper, onion, garlic, cayenne, chives, parsley, dill, curry, lemon, mushrooms. Smoked fish trimmings should account for at least 50% of the total ingredients, otherwise the flavor of smoked fish may be hard to sense. To a certain degree you can influence the color of a spread. For example in curry spread the color is yellowish due to the "turmeric" spice which is always present in curry mixtures. If you add more turmeric the color will be a stronger yellow. Paprika may be added as well and the color will be dark orange. Smoked paprika (pimento) has a deep red color so the color will be stronger. Another interesting spice is "annatto" which has a very dark red color. One teaspoon added to 8 oz mullet spread will introduce a pink tint in the spread. Avocado is of course green so the spread will appear greenish.
Food processors are of great help when making spreads. If you make a lot of spread, it is helpful to pre-grind fish trimmings with a manual grinder. Then you can finish the process using a food processor or mix everything together in a bowl.
A delicious spread can be made from the flesh of hot smoked mackerel, either on a commercial scale or in small quantities for domestic use. The flesh is taken off the whole smoked fish, and all bones are carefully removed. For commercial production this can be done satisfactorily in a mechanical separator. The flesh is mixed with softened or melted butter in a high speed blender, using 7 parts by weight of fish to 3 parts of butter. When the mixture is of smooth consistency, flavoring or spices may be added if required; for example lemon juice and pepper can be used. Manufacturers can readily devise their own variations on the basic recipe. Some white fish flesh is sometimes added to compensate for variations in the fat content of the mackerel flesh in the mix. The product is not sterile, and should not be kept more than 1 day at ambient temperature, or more than 5 days at 32-35° F (0-2° C). The spread can be frozen and cold stored in suitable containers.
This can be a simple spread or savory fish mousse, all depends how fancy we want to be. In general cooking terms, mousse is a light, airy food made with a combination of eggs, whipped cream, gelatin, and flavorings. Fish mousse is a light creamy dish made from fish or meat and set with gelatin. It can be served both hot or cold, and it can be savory or sweet. A savory mousse can be served with a sauce that is designed to bring out the flavor of the dish. The use of beaten cream and eggs in mousse creates air pockets that make the dish light and fluffy. The gelatin binds it together, although eggs can also be used as a binder. As a result, mousse has a solid form. The dish may be served unmolded, or it may be served in the mold, think of it in terms of a jelly.
Flake bluefish and grind it.
Mix with all ingredients until a paste is obtained.
Combine mayonnaise and whipped cream; fold into gelatin mixture.
Place in a 1 quart mold; chill until firm.
Whip cream, add cream cheese and blend together. Add lemon juice, pepper, smoked mackerel and blend together. Chill.
Run all ingredients in food processor. Chill. Decorate with parsley before serving.
Place smoked mullet trimmings, lemon juice and oil in blender and mix. Add double cream, garlic, salt and pepper and mix again until smooth.
Place smoked mullet trimmings, lemon juice and sherry in blender and mix. Add cream cheese, butter, mayonnaise, pepper and nutmeg and mix again until smooth.
Place smoked mullet trimmings and lemon juice in food processor and mix. Add yogurt, mayonnaise, curry powder and process until smooth.
Chop smoked mullet trimmings, sour cream, mayonnaise and lemon juice in food processor. Add other ingredients and process until smooth. Cover and refrigerate. Serve with potato chips or crackers.
Guacamole is a popular avocado based dip which originated in Mexico. Authentic guacamole is made with avocado, tomato, cumin, cilantro, and lime juice.
1. Cut the avocados lengthways and scoop out avocado pulp.
2. Chop smoked mullet trimmings with lemon juice in food processor.
3. Add avocado pulp and all other ingredients. Process until smooth.
In a food processor mix smoked mullet trimmings and lemon juice. Add yogurt, butter, creamed horseradish and process until smooth.
Place smoked mullet trimmings, oil and lemon juice in food processor and chop in processor until smooth. Add double cream, mayonnaise, butter, cayenne and process again. In a separate bowl whip egg white. Add egg white and mix everything well again.
Place smoked mullet trimmings, heavy cream and lemon juice in food processor and mix. Add sour cream, mayonnaise and all other ingredients and process until smooth. Chives may be replaced with dill.
Smoked fish such as salmon, trout, mullet and mackerel can be used for making wonderful spreads and salads. Cream cheese, double cream, sour cream, mayonnaise, butter, eggs, and lemon juice are common ingredients. Pepper, cayenne, dill, parsley, curry, meat stock (consomme) and avocado are usually added.
Mix all ingredients together and place in refrigerator.
When set, garnish with sour cream and arrange croutons around it.
In a food processor blend single cream, lemon juice and oil.
Add other ingredients and chopped salmon and blend together.
Place in containers and refrigerate.
Mix warm consomme with cream cheese.
Add seasonings, chopped salmon and mix everything together.
Place in refrigerator and when set, sprinkle with parsley or dill.
1. Dill sauce: combine all the ingredients in a medium bowl. Cover with plastic wrap and chill.
2. Mousse: grease a fish mold with butter or mayonnaise.
3. Soften the gelatin in 50 ml cold water. Add 100 ml boiling water and stir well, until the gelatin has dissolved. Add the mayonnaise, lemon juice, lime juice, onion, hot sauce, paprika, and salt and mix well. Add the salmon and capers. Add the whipped cream and continue mixing until everything is well combined. Pour the mixture into the mold. Cover with plastic wrap and chill in the refrigerator for 8 hours or overnight.
4. When ready to serve, un-mold the mousse onto a large plate. Garnish with lemon and parsley.
5. Serve the salmon mousse with the dill sauce.
1. Grease a fish mold with butter or mayonnaise.
2. Soften the gelatin in 50 ml cold water. Add 100 ml boiling water and stir well, until the gelatin has dissolved. Addall ingredients and mix well. Add the whipped cream and continue mixing until everything is well combined. Pour the mixture into the mold. Cover with plastic wrap and chill in the refrigerator for 8 hours or overnight.
3. When ready to serve, un-mold the mousse onto a large plate. Garnish with lemon.
Peel cucumbers and chop. Blend all ingredients in a food processor.
Blend in horseradish, onion salt and Worcestershire sauce.
Garnish with parsley and serve with potato chips.
Combine gelatine and 100 ml water in a bowl placed over a container of boiling water and mix until dissolved.
In a separate pan bring the soup to a boil and stir until thickened.
Add gelatine to soup and allow to cool.
Add all other ingredients and pour into an oiled (preferably fish-shaped) mold.
Allow to set completely in the fridge.
Turn out on a platter and garnish with prawns and lemon slices.
Serve with crusty bread or melba toast.