On this week's podcast, Wes Reisz talks with Brian Goetz. The two start with a discussion on what the six-month cadence has meant to the teams developing Java. Then move to a review of the features in Java 9 through 12. Finally, the two discuss the longer-term side projects (such as Amber, Loom, and Valhalla) and their role in the larger release process for the JDK.
On this week's podcast, Wes Reisz talks with Ben Kehoe of iRobot. Ben is a Cloud Robotics Research Scientist where he works on using the Internet to allow robots to do more and better things. AWS and, in particular, Lambda is a core part of cloud enabled robots.
Vaughn Vernon has recently released a new open source project called vlingo. The platform is designed to support DDD at the framework and toolkit level. On today's podcast, Vernon discusses what the framework is all about, why he felt it was needed, and some of the design decisions made in developing the platform.
Shane Hastie spoke to Phil Abernathy about his work helping organizations focus on employee happiness to drive customer happiness, shareholder return, and the Bureaucracy Mass Index as a tool to identify where companies are bloated and ineffective. He also spoke about what's needed for real transformation.
Shane Hastie spoke to Mik Kersten of Tasktop about his new book, Project to Product, and how the Flow Framework can be applied to changing the way of working in organizations.
In this podcast, Shane Hastie spoke to Andrew King, Organisational Scientist at Ocado Technology about the hiring practices they use and how to design the culture you want.


Preheat oven to 175°. Place a medium dish in the oven to warm.
Heat a large skillet over medium-high heat. Brush chops lightly with oil and place in hot pan. Cook for 5 to 6 minutes, turning occasionally, or until done. Transfer to the warm dish and keep warm in the preheated oven.
In a small bowl, combine brown sugar, salt and pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg. Add butter to skillet and stir in brown sugar mixture and apples. Cover and cook until apples are just tender. Remove apples with a slotted spoon and arrange on top of the chops. Keep warm in the preheated oven. Continue cooking sauce uncovered in skillet, until thickened slightly. Spoon sauce over apples and chops.
Cook ground beef or turkey in large saucepan over medium-high heat until browned. Remove from pan and set aside, drain fat drippings. Heat oil over medium-high heat until hot. Add onions and garlic; cook and stir 3 to 4 minutes or until onions are tender. Stir in bay leaves, paprika, pepper and cinnamon.
Mix in potatoes, undrained tomatoes, tomato paste and broth; bring to a boil. Reduce heat to medium-low and simmer 15 to 20 minutes or until potatoes are tender, stirring occasionally. Stir in meat and beans; increase heat to medium and simmer 5 minutes. Sprinkle with basil before serving.
Place trimmed Brussels sprouts, olive oil, kosher salt, and pepper in a large resealable plastic bag and shake to coat. Pour onto baking sheet and place on center rack in the oven.
Roast for 30 to 45 minutes, shaking the pan every 5 to 7 minutes for even browning. Reduce heat when necessary to prevent burning. Brussels sprouts should be darkest brown, almost black, when done. Adjust seasonings if necessary. Serve immediately.
Preheat oven to 375° and grease two baking sheets.
Whisk sugar, pumpkin, vegetable oil, eggs, milk, and vanilla together in a large bowl until smooth. Stir flour, baking powder, baking soda, cinnamon, and salt together in a bowl. Gradually fold flour mixture into pumpkin mixture. Mix in chocolate chips.
Drop spoonfuls of the dough 2 inches apart onto prepared baking sheets. Bake in the preheated oven until golden brown, approx. 10 minutes.


text:
2019-20 NFL: Week 10 Thursday Picks
It's been a good year for Total Sports Picks in NFL betting so far and we'll look to keep the train rolling as we head into Week 10 of the season with a great AFC West clash on Thursday Night Football. The Oakland Raiders will host the Los Angeles Chargers from 8.20pm on Thursday night and we have a full preview and betting picks for the game below.
Los Angeles Chargers at Oakland Raiders
Thursday 7th November 8.20pm ET
With the Kansas City Chiefs maintaining a firm lead in the AFC West with a a 6-3 record, both the Chargers and Raiders are right in the mix of the wildcard race, making this Thursday night clash in Oakland of upmost importance.
The Chargers suffered a tough three game losing streak to Denver, Pittsburgh and Tennessee from Week 5-7 but have bounced back admirably over their last two games, picking up hard fought wins over tough NFC North opponents in Chicago and Green Bay.
The Chargers run game clicked in the win over Green Bay under new offensive coordinator Shane Steichen as they rushed for 159 yards and two touchdowns in the win. Melvin Gordon and Austin Ekeler continue to be a dynamic 1-2 punch in the run game while Philip Rivers was also impressive with 294 passing yards.
The Chargers are 3-5-1 against the spread this year and although their offence looked much improved on the weekend, the under hit once again, making it seven of their nine games where this has occurred.
The Raiders have a chance to jump into contention for a wildcard spot with a win on Thursday night. They currently sit second in the AFC West division with a 4-4 record after recording a great win at home over the Lions in Week 9.
It was the run game that got the job done for the Raiders on the weeked, as they piled up 171 rushing yards and two touchdowns on the back of a strong game by Josh Jacobs. The Raiders have backed their offence to get the job done this season as their defence has allowed the seventh most points per game at just over 27.
The Raiders are 5-3 against the spread this season and the over has hit in five of their eight games.
The Chargers are on the road here, but that shouldn't phase them too much as they play in front of a predominantly away crowd regardless of the venue. They have beaten the Raiders in their last four games in a row, dating all the way back to December of 2016, where Oakland won their last game against their divisional rivals.
Like the look of the Chargers here under their new offensive coordinator and with a new found love of the run game.
Pick: Los Angeles Money Line (-118 at SugarHouse)
This content is intended for entertainment purposes only. For full details and disclosures, visit our Terms section. For more information on licensed sportsbooks – including available states and the best places to play – visit our Reviews section.
Related Topicsbetting pickslos angeles chargersmarketsoakland raidersoddspreviewthursday night
More in NFL Picks
2021-22 NFL Playoffs: Wild Card Round Picks
The NFL Playoffs finally get underway this weekend with six massive games! It's been...
2021-22 NFL Week 18 Betting Picks
Week 18 in the NFL boasts a monster 16 game slate with some meaningful...
Just a few weeks remain in the NFL regular season, which means the Week...
Christmas is here, but the NFL action continues this weekend with a big slate...
2019-20 NFL: Week 9 Monday Picks
2019-20 NFL: Week 10 Sunday Picks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Do you want to hire a professional wedding photographer for your big day? Photography is a must to save the moments of the wedding ceremony for lifetime. In this guide, we will share why wedding photography worth it and what are its creative alternatives.
Why is Professional Wedding Photography so Expensive?
It may seems not appropriate for you that a photographer work for a day and earn a lot of money. However, what you don't know is that photographers carry expensive gear (camera, lens and more) and shoot non-stop for hours.
Professional photographers don't compromise on the quality of photos and deliver their best shots. The process is time taking and it needs proper planning to achieve the amazing results.
Photo albums: Couples demand for a large quantity of prints which can increase the cost.
Expensive gear: The professional camera, lens, flash, memory cards and more gadgets costs hundreds of thousands of dollars to the photographers. This is one of the main reasons that makes wedding photography expensive.
Second photographers: Most of the professional photographers bring their assistants with them. Second shooters are a great help to fulfill the tasks on time and it increases the cost.
Editing: All wedding photos pass through professional editing which needs premium software. These photo editing software have monthly/yearly license fees that a photographer bears.
Since we discussed the reasons on why a wedding photographer is expensive, it's also an investment that you make according to your wedding budget. Most of the couples look for the best wedding photographers for their ceremony.
Pros: Since you only weds once in your life, a wedding photographer can capture amazing memories for you. These memories would cherish you later in your lifetime.
Cons: It will add up a huge cost on your wedding budget. If you could save money on photography, then you have the options to travel or invest in other needful.
Now, it depends on your priorities to either hire an expensive wedding photographer or look for the alternatives.
Everyone has people in their groups with professional cameras. You can simply request your friends to take photos on your big day. A friend may never ask for money, and it saves you on the pocket.
Pros: You can save some money and invest on other plans. It reduces a few guests (photographer and their assistants) too.
Cons: Since they will be shooting for free, you won't be sure about the photo quality and outcomes.
A beginner photographer has low cost. Beginners crave for work and you are the best deal for them.
Pros: They shoot good photos to prove their work and put all their efforts to impress you as a client.
Cons: A beginner may lack in professional shots. They don't have all the gear that is necessary for a wedding shoot.
Students look for odd jobs to earn some cash to pay their school fees. They can be your resource for shooting the wedding. You can rent them a professional camera and lens that photographers use for wedding photography.
Pros: You'll help a student in saving some money for themselves, and it saves you loads too.
Cons: They are not professional photographers and doing this job for a few bucks. If they lack the motivation, then the outcome couldn't be the same as you expect.
That's all. We hope this guide has helped you to learn the wedding photography worth and 3 creative alternatives. You may also want to check out our guide on what are the best camera settings for wedding photography. For the professional wedding photographers with online presence, we recommend to check out this ultimate guide to boost speed and performance of your site.


A new Grand Prix style in a pair of full seat breeches, now with a contoured waistband for an improved fit. Also featuring a new functional, breathable fabric with a water and dirt repellent surface. A high quality silicone print full seat provides a solid grip. The elastic leg bottoms provide a smooth and comfortable fit on the calf/ankle when wearing tight fitting boots.
Eros fabric: 93% polyamide, 7% elastane. Horze Grand Prix Men's Silicone Full-Seat Riding Breeches with Contoured Waist. Horseware Ireland Heritage Gilet Vest Water Repellent with Fleece Lining. Shires Equestrian Elastic Riding Jodhpur Clips Black Pack of Twelve. Tough-1 Spandex Horse Riding Helmet Cover-Ups in Prints Wild Safari.
Classic Equine Performance Reining Skid Boots with Hard Plastic Ankle Bulb. Be the first to receive exclusive. Listing and template services provided by inkFrog.
The item "Horze Grand Prix Men's Silicone Full-Seat Riding Breeches with Contoured Waist" is in sale since Friday, June 1, 2018. This item is in the category "Sporting Goods\Outdoor Sports\Equestrian\Clothing & Accessories\Men's Clothing\Jodhpurs & Breeches". The seller is "onestopequineshop" and is located in Beloit, WI.
This item can be shipped to United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Czech republic, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Estonia, Australia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Slovenia, Japan, China, Sweden, South Korea, Indonesia, Taiwan, South africa, Thailand, Belgium, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Austria, Bahamas, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Saudi arabia, Ukraine, United arab emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Croatia, Malaysia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa rica, Dominican republic, Panama, Trinidad and tobago, Guatemala, El salvador, Honduras, Jamaica, Antigua and barbuda, Aruba, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Saint kitts and nevis, Saint lucia, Montserrat, Turks and caicos islands, Barbados, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Brunei darussalam, Bolivia, Ecuador, Egypt, French guiana, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Guadeloupe, Iceland, Jersey, Jordan, Cambodia, Cayman islands, Liechtenstein, Sri lanka, Luxembourg, Monaco, Macao, Martinique, Maldives, Nicaragua, Oman, Peru, Pakistan, Paraguay, Reunion, Viet nam, Uruguay.


Hello Alexandra, could you briefly present yourself?
My name is Alexandra Zins. I undertook a PhD under the supervision of Laurent Weill in the Laboratoire de Recherche en Gestion et Economie (LaRGE). I defended my PhD in September 2018.


text:
Social Market Economy
Download "Social Market Economy"
Joshua Stewart
1 Social Market Economy
2 With the kind financial support of: and Dr.-Ing. Mariana Mureșan (b. Popa) (þ) 2014 Springer Science + Business Media
3 Ştefan Sorin Mureşan Social Market Economy The Case of Germany
4 Ştefan Sorin Mureşan Bonn, Germany ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (
5 Foreword With the English version of Economia Socială de Piaţă. Modelul German, Sorin Mureşan is presenting a remarkable book. He analyses the German model of economic policy, which was responsible for a long upswing and recovery of Germany after Second World War. Thus, he discusses the Social Market Economy from an external perspective. The author is doing this in a systematic way: beginning with a presentation of the German model in its theoretic features and then comparing it with other theoretic models. This theoretical part is followed by a longer debate of the philosophical foundations of the Social Market Economy model, before the German reality after 1945 is discussed. Lessons from the German model conclude the book. The fact that the German model of economic policy is analysed carefully from abroad is welcome for several reasons. First, it can not least because of its success especially directly after the economic and monetary reform in 1948 still serve as an example for transformation economies these days. Insofar, the book might become very important for the Romanian economic policy, given that the political will for a sustainable reform policy continues to be strong in the future. Not all actions taken by Ludwig Erhard with respect to the reform in 1948 received political approval, but so did the package. In other words, the importance of the model lies as Mureşan has shown in the consideration of the complexity of economic activity and the interdependency of single elements of the economic order. For this reason, the formulated concept is unique. Second, the time after 1948 until today has shown the danger inherited in such an order: with numerous single interventions that were all well meant and relatively harmless, the economic order can permanently be undermined and the incentive scheme be perverted. In particular the economic and financial crisis inside and outside the Euro area shows how badly designed policy and poorly regulated markets can slowly endanger a whole continent. Having shown this is especially commendable, since it gives economic policy the opportunity to create safeguards against an incremental corruption of an economic order by incorporating the German lessons. Third and this is important, too the German economic science as well as the permanent reform debate could gain momentum because of a critical analysis presented by foreign experts. v
6 vi Foreword Although it is naive to believe the lecture of this study would guide the federal government back to a first best policy, at least there is hope that an additional voice that is unsuspicious of partisanship strengthens the arguments for a regulative recall. It is to be hoped that the book is reaching a large international audience and thereby is a contribution to the policy reform debate in Europe. It would also be desirable that the author is using the acquired expertise to join the debate in Germany, too. Jena September 2012 Andreas Freytag
7 Acknowledgements This book attempts to present first of all the roots and structure of the theoretical model of Social Market Economy. Then it looks at principles used in issuing national legislation and institution building, before presenting the stages undergone by the Social Market Economy since its creation in 1948 in Germany and until Finally, the international context is analysed in which advantages can be drawn from implementing this economic system both by Germany and by a selected number of emerging markets in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America. There are several friends, colleagues, superiors and institutions I would like to thank for supporting me with this interdisciplinary book. It is actually difficult to say who deserves more and whom to acknowledge here, given the limited space available, since I do not wish to leave out in the English version those who helped me with writing the first version of the book in Romanian in My first thanks go to my mother Mariana who motivated me and helped with financial resources for the first translation into English of the original version in Romanian of Then, my thanks go to my wife Ines who brought understanding for my investment of a very large amount of time and resources into completing the English version of this book. I thank Prof. Andreas Freytag of the University of Jena for offering me in the year 2000 while I was a diplomat the opportunity for the initial research at the Institut für Wirtschaftspolitik der Universität Köln and for keeping in touch over a geographical distance which came about when he moved from Cologne to Jena and I was commuting between Bucureşti, Bonn and Brussels. I thank Prof. Gheorghe Popescu for suggesting the topic in the late 1990s as a worthwhile research topic for my PhD as well as for structuring my work into feasible stages. I also thank my friend Dr. Caspar Jürgens for a lot of motivation for continuing to work academically during the years when I moved from diplomatic and political to commercial work. For my scientific formation and overall insights into theology, philosophy, history, economics, politics, foreign policy, diplomacy and international economics, I thank Dr. Ioan Vasile Botiza, Fr. Ken Collins, Fr. Louis McRaye, Dr. Robert Taylor, Dr. Roger McGeehan, Ambassador Sergiu Celac, Dr. Nabil Ayad, Festus Luboyera and Academician Solomon Marcus. vii
8 viii Acknowledgements For insights into the German economic and political system as well as into foreign policy and international economic relations, I thank Prof. Karl-Heinz Hornhues, Klaus Francke, Dr. Friedrich Wünsche, Prof. Gerhard Fels, Dr. Rolf Kroker, Wendula Gräfin von Klinckowstroem, Prof. Viktor Vanberg and Prof. Juergen Donges. To Becky Landis thanks are due for having helped me with the native speaker check during long hours of work. I would have liked to include many more relevant pictures, charts and maps, but I had to stop at those already included here. The reason is the large amount of administrative and correspondence work I would have had to deliver in order to receive permission to use them. Nevertheless, several institutions kindly gave permissions in connection with reprints here. For this I would like to thank the Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln, Cambridge University Press (Prof. Goodin, Prof. Muffels, Prof. Headey and Dr. Dirven), Stadtarchiv Jena, Jena University, the OECD and the German Bundesanstalt für Immobilienaufgaben. To the Bibliothek des Deutschen Bundestages, the Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung and the Hauptbibliothek der Universität Bonn in whose premises I carried out almost all of my research and writing, thanks are also due. Now I invite you to read some of the ideas I believe to be helpful for a mutually respectful coexistence in our common ancient Greek and Roman, Judeo Christian, European, Mediterranean and Atlantic space. Bucharest June 2014 Sorin Mureşan
9 Argumentum Why Social Market Economy? First of all, the economic and financial crisis which rocked in to the bottom the foundations of the Western free markets based economic systems we have in place since Bretton Woods, showed that globalisation brought in the meanwhile results and neoliberalism had reached its limits. In other words the doctrine of the sky is the limit reached its own limit. Some call this economic and financial crisis the first crisis of globalization. 1 It forces us to rethink the whole system in a holistic manner. This system of neoliberal style market economy exported worldwide under the US UK leadership succeeded indeed to prove successful in bringing the highest level of wealth and to as many people history has ever seen. It was more or less done within two generations starting in Moreover, the system of Western neoliberal capitalism succeeded in 1991, after the reform of Bretton Woods by the introduction of free floating system on the foreign exchange market in to win the Cold War and defeat the centralised planned economic 2 systems of the socialist camp. Thus, as there are so many aspects involved, we need to analyse the current status quo in economics, social aspects and finance. We need to look at what we have now, where we are coming from and where we should be going to from here. In this process of self-reflection, we would have to look comparatively at various economic, social, financial and monetary systems. One of them is the Social Market Economy. Such a system has not been a mainstream system, but one standing since 1948 in the shadow of neoliberalism. By analysing it as a monographic study, from roots (theory and principles) to fruits (practical wealth), we might get insights which in their turn will be valuable for 1 Compare Brown (2010), whose book title is very suggestive. 2 The Western comparatively higher productivity did not come at zero cost. The systemic increase of Western public debt, private debt and other hidden costs, such as a low demography, immigration of political and economic refugees, etc., was part of the price to pay for winning the Cold War much earlier than originally expected. ix
10 x Argumentum creatively reforming the current systems in place now by applying as little effort as possible. Social Market Economy is an example of a social and economic system whose analysis broadens knowledge and, in certain ways, offers a bigger picture on the many connections between the political and economic fields, both nationally and internationally, i.e. what we call the interdependence of orders, or layers. The statement holds true especially for a time such as this, when many countries are searching for social and economic models to suit their national interest. The Social Market Economy integrates economic performance, public security, social equity and dialogue between social partners. The Social Market Economy recreates and solves the economic role of the government as well as the distribution of public and private power in a free economy. The Social Market Economy delves into the cultural identity and history of European societies before Christ, to ancient Greek and Roman thought. It is built mostly on Western medieval Christian doctrine, including models of Church teaching and how it was applied in the German speaking area of Europe. It also integrates the advent of political democracy with the help of the French Revolution and Napoleon Bonaparte. Since 1948, the Social Market Economy has had a fundamentally liberal philosophy. Second, the success of neoliberalism applied between 1973 and 2008 has become possible because of the combined military power of the USA and UK. This military power enabled these countries to secure public and predictable international order. This made in its turn possible the taking up of debt (public, commercial and private). The doctrine of growth by spending in deficit was applied starting with the USA that was then followed by the rest of Western economies. All of the Western countries and many of their citizens took up debt and have now reached the highest level of public, personal individual and company debt as the world has ever seen. Debt taken up via the possibilities opened by financial and monetary deregulation has in the meanwhile become unbearably large, thus endangering the long-term stability of financial markets and thus that of the real economy and related trade activities. From this perspective, the whole Western economic system has to be reviewed quickly before it is too late. Total levels of debt can be estimated at over 500 % of GDP in the UK, ca. 300 % of GDP in the USA, over 300 % in Japan, over 250 % in Spain and over 290 % of GDP 3 in Germany, and are no longer sustainable. This is all the more true if we compare it with the thousands of billions of dollars of surplus that China, India and some other emerging market countries have been hoarding since the early 1980s. The effects of debt and international imbalances in economic weight seem to be increasingly endangering 3 See The Economist (2011, July 9). The figures are not easy to calculate not even by the economist because all debt should be calculated by taking into consideration not only the lending contracts due at the moment of calculation of the outstanding debt but also the contracts already entered into by the sovereign, which are due only in 20 or 30 years. The latter can be pension contracts of civil servants entered into at the moment of calculation, which will be due only in 20 or 30 years time when the respective civil servants will retire.
11 Argumentum xi the international monetary system. This might lead in its turn at some point to unrest or civil war. Something has to change here soon, very soon. For this we need to again address similar systems, which are/have/pursue a more ethical approach. Third, a rethinking of the system is due for ethical and health reasons as well. In order to achieve higher productivity levels than the rest of the world, the West had to make its own sacrifices. Here I talk of human and family sacrifice by the workforce in the form of erosion of family and ethical values and burnout syndrome affecting the health of the workforce, thus indirectly increasing the cost of health. In its turn the cost of health diminishes productivity. To correct this, again, we need to look at a market economy system which is more social or more human in its approach or style. This is a common ideal not only for the social democrats in Europe but also for the conservative and Christian-Democratic political forces as well. Thus, for example, at the Statutory Congress of the European People s Party in December 2009 in Bonn, Germany, a political document has been adopted which basically states that as far as economic policy is concerned, we must return to the founding fathers of the Social Market Economy. The axiom of as much market and private initiative as possible, as much state as necessary is today more valid than ever before. In this sense, the role of the state versus the role of private actors, especially in the financial world, must be carefully reassessed, considering the public demand for more economic efficiency, social coherence and solidarity. 4 It is this reassessment which this book tries to make. Fourth, if we look at social market economic systems, we have to look at them on the European continent, in its Western half. Although various forms of more or less interconnected Social Market Economy systems and related styles of economic policy have been put in place more or less spontaneously over historical periods in the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Austria and Italy, and even the Scandinavian lands, the Social Market Economy in Germany has been implemented as a new creation, replacing the totalitarian centralised economic system driving Germany between 1933 and Therefore, if we want a new system, we should look at it in that country where it has been created anew. By looking at how the Social Market Economy has been developed and implemented in Germany, we can better see how a new system can manage to successfully replace an old one. Social Market Economy is the economic and social system that made the miracle of economic and political rebirth of Germany possible after its crushing defeat in the Second World War and social confusion by the excesses of the national-socialist dictatorship. Fifth, since the European Union and the euro area, as the largest market worldwide has the German model at its core, we should look at the Social Market Economy in Germany. The German economy is the first in Europe both with regard to size and resilience. It will have considerable influence on the evolution of the economies of the EU and the international economic policies of the latter. 4 See European Popular Party (2009), p. 8.
12 xii Argumentum Sixth, taken on its own, Germany is the fourth largest economy in the world in the classification according to its contribution to the total world GDP. Also, Germany is the second largest exporter of merchandise worldwide. Both facts are reasons in favour of the decision to look at the system developed in Germany. References Brown G (2010) Beyond the crash: overcoming the first crisis of globalization. Simon& Schuster, London European Popular Party (2009) The social market economy in a globalized world. In: Congress document adopted by the EPP Statutory Congress Bonn, 9 10 Dec Internet portal www. eppbonn2009.eu. Accessed 19 Dec 2010 The Economist (2011, July 9) Debt reduction. Handle with care. Deleveraging will dominate the rich world s economies for years. Done badly, it could wreck them. Leaders section (with July 7 date in online edition). Print edition, London
13 Contents 1 Introduction Methodology References Philosophical and Historical Roots for the Social Market Economy The European and German Historical and Philosophical Context Christian and Secular Philosophy Scholasticism and Catholic Social Teaching Evangelical Protestant Social Ethics Jewish Contributions Secularisation, Nation and Economy Liberalism in Germany The Socio-Economists, Forefathers of the Social Market Economy The Political and Economic Context of Germany Between 1918 and The Freiburg Circles. Other Groups of Dissident Intellectuals Individual Contributions of the Forefathers Ordoliberalism References Models of Capitalism Anglo-Saxon and Rhineland Capitalism Operating Styles of Capitalist Economic Systems Liberal Style Social-Democratic Style Corporatist Style xiii
14 xiv Contents 3.3 Practical Models of Capitalist Market Economies The US American Model The Dutch Model The Swedish Model The Italian Model The German Model References Pillars of the Social Market Economy as Implemented in Germany Market Economy and Its Institutions Political Freedom, Private Property, Monetary Reform Business Organisations (Companies), Profit and Investments Competition Monetary Stability and Predictability of Economic Policy Wages, Trade Unions and Company Management Social Order and Its Institutions General Principles Principles for Taxation and Social Income Redistribution Social Security in Practice Environmental Protection, Sustainability and Institutions References Building Up and Implementing a Social Market Economy in Germany Rebuilding a Market Economy and an Industrial Base ( ) Strategic Decisions ( ) Start Off: First Measures and Successes ( ) Building Institutions and Legislation: Continuing Success ( ) Consolidation of Success and First Difficulties ( ) Macroeconomic Dirigisme ( ) First Years of Macroeconomic Dirigisme ( ) Chronicisation of Unemployment, But Growth Is Uninterrupted ( ) Return to Ordoliberalism, But Via More Public Debt ( ) Economic and Financial Policy Social Security Policy Environmental Policy and Roots of Sustainability German Reunification as Expansion of Territories for Application of the Social Market Economy
15 Contents xv 5.4 Towards A New Social-Democratic Synthesis and Renewal of the Social Market Economy in the Post-1998 and Post-9/11 Era Domestic Economic and Political Aspects European Unification and Enlargement References What Is on the Horizon for the Social Market Economy? Theories and Doctrines: Neoliberalism, Socialism, Ethical Values Immigration, Multiculturalism, Europeanisation, Globalisation: Germanisation or De-Germanisation? Market Economy and Social Order: Keeping a Balance Production of Goods and Services: International Position Due to the Social Market Economy Social Security: Investing in Human Capital, the Environment and Sustainability Any Applicability of Aspects of the Social Market Economy Outside Its Genesis Space? North-East and South-East Europe: Estonia, Romania Outside Europe: China, Brazil, South Africa Case of a Western Monetary Reset or Reform References Principles and Economic Style Moulded Into Sustainability and Foreign Policy Interests Can Elements of the Social Market Economy Model Be Useful for a New Global Economic and Financial System After an Eventual Western Monetary Reset? References Appendix A: Presidents and Chancellors of Germany After Appendix B: Federal Ministers of the Economy After Appendix C: Selection of Important Legislative Acts: Appendix D: Components and Monthly Spending of a Standard Salary Appendix E: National Income, GNP, GDP of Germany, , EUR Billion Appendix F: Population, Million, Appendix G: Company Mergers and Acquisitions Around the Globe, Number, Appendix H: Volume of Worldwide Company Mergers and Acquisitions, USD Billion,
16 xvi Contents Appendix I: The Sixteen Länder and Respective Capitals, Appendix J: The Main Regional Economic Blocks, Appendix K: Photos
17 List of Abbreviations AD Anno Domini a.s.o and so on BDI Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie (Federal Association of German Industry) BGB Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (German Civil Code) BOD Board of Directors CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Christian Democrat Union) CIS Commonwealth of Independent States Comp. Compare CSU Christlich-Soziale Union (Christian Social Union) DGB Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (German Trade Unions Association) DM Deutsche Mark DRG German Democratic Republic EC The European Community ECB European Central Bank EFTA European Free Trade Association ERP European Recovery Programme ESCB The European System of Central Banks EU European Union FDP Freie Demokratische Partei (Free Democratic Party) Fr. In French FRG Federal Republic of Germany (mostly meant as West Germany, ) G7/8 G20 Group of 7/8 respectively group of 20 GDP Gross domestic product Germ. In German GNP Gross national product HGB Handelsgesetzbuch (German Commercial Code) xvii
18 xviii List of Abbreviations IGMetall Industrie Gewerkschaft Metall (Industrial Metal Trade Union) Ital. In Italian N.B. Nota bene NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NGO Non-governmental organization NPD National Demokratische Partei Deutschlands NSDAP Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers Party) o.n. Our note OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ÖTV Öffentlicher Dienst, Transport und Verkehr Gewerkschaft (German Public, Transport and Traffic Trade Union) S. Theol. Summa Theologiae by Thomas Aquinas SGB Sozialgesetzbuch (German Social Code) SGM Shareholders general meeting SME Social Market Economy SPD Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (Social Democratic Party of Germany) TTIP Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership UN United Nations UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization USSR The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics VAT Value-added tax WCL Works council WTO World Trade Organization ZDR Zentralverband des Deutsche Handwerks (Central Association of German Craftsmen)
19 List of Illustrations Illustration 2.1 The Freiburg and Cologne schools of thought and Ludwig Erhard: main ideas Illustration 4.1 The villa of the Social Market Economy in a sketch of the economic and social system as applied after 1945 in Germany Illustration 5.1 Stages of the social market economy as applied after 1945 in Germany xix
20 ThiS is a FM Blank Page
21 List of Charts Chart 3.1 Percentage of beneficiaries of social assistance in countries, over no. of years. Source: Goodin et al. (1999), Fig. 9.3, p Reproduced with kind permission of Cambridge University Press and the authors Chart 3.2 Open unemployment rate in Sweden, , approximate data. Chart years Source: Statistics Sweden, Labor Force Surveys and National Accounts Statistics, Forslund (1997) p. 147, Fig. 5 then extended with own calculations on OECD data Chart 4.1 Total number of companies in Germany, classified according to legal form, Chart 4.2 Percent of companies per employee numbers, processing industry, Chart 4.3 Percent of companies, per size according to employee in processing industry, Chart 4.4 Turnover share of companies per employee numbers, Chart 4.5 in industry, Turnover share of companies, per size according to employee in industry, Chart 4.6 Changes of inflation rate in Germany, Chart 4.7 GDP per capita in all German Länder in Chart 4.8 Trade union members, Chart 4.9 Trade union members, Chart 4.10 Air pollution volumes, , thsds. tons Chart 5.1 Statutory health insurance expenditure, % of total, 2010 and Chart 5.2 Unemployment, %, Chart 5.3 Total national income of united Germany, EUR, xxi
22 xxii List of Charts Chart 5.4 Evolution of GDP, %, Chart 5.5 Public debt in Germany, EUR, Chart 6.1 The state s share, % of GDP, Chart 6.2 Globalisation of trade with goods, % of global trade, Chart 6.3 Globalisation of trade with goods, % of global trade, Chart 6.4 Globalisation of trade with services, % of global trade, Chart 6.5 Globalisation of trade with services, % of global trade, Chart 6.6 The share of the state in the selected countries of the developed world, % of GDP, 2001 and
23 List of Tables Table 3.1 Table 4.1 Table 4.2 Table 5.1 Public social security expenditure in selected countries, % of GDP, Degree of wage contract binding of companies and employees, 2000 and (>) 2009, % of total number of companies at national level resp. of employees Germany s social security expenditure, 2000 (provisional) and 2009 (estimated) Sources of German tax revenue, EUR,2001 and 2010 (estimation Nov. 2010) xxiii
25 About the Author Ştefan Sorin Mureşan was born in Cluj-Napoca in 1965 into a Romanian Transylvanian family with roots in the Barițiu family of the founders of the modern national Romanian state which began with the 1848 revolution. He graduated from the German school in Romania and first got a mechanical engineering degree from the Polytechnic University of Cluj-Napoca in Before getting his MA in diplomatic studies from the University of Westminster in London in 1994, he had studied after 1991 philosophy, theology, international relations, European history, international trade and finance and international business law at Oscott College in Birmingham, England (Catholic University of Leuven) and at the US International University Europe during the time it had its campus in Oxford, England. He studied the political system of the Federal Republic of Germany at the Faculty of Political Science at the University of Bonn in After 1999 he studied economics in the Ph.D. programme of the Faculty of Economic Science at Babeş-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca which awarded him a Ph.D. in economics in Dr. Muresan s affiliation currently is with the Altiero Spinelli Centre for the Study of European Organisation at the Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca. His postgraduate work specialisations were at the Research Center of the US Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. in 1996 and at the Foreign Affairs Committee of the German Federal Parliament in Bonn from 1996 to The author has been awarded the Eudoxiu Hurmuzaki scientific prize for history of the Romanian Academy of Science in Since 2014 he is also a member of the Romanian Association for the Club of Rome. xxv
26 xxvi About the Author Mureşan s work experience is in Romania and in Germany: as a diplomat (First Secretary) in the Department for Economic Diplomacy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in București and in the Romanian Embassy in Germany. He also worked as a parliamentary expert for international parliamentary relations for the President of the Parliament of Romania in Bucureşti. In privatisation and M&A, he worked for the State Ownership Fund (Romanian privatisation agency) and acquired practical business experience with the Terapia SA pharmaceutical plant in Cluj-Napoca. The author taught as an associate professor Global Economic and Financial System at Babes-Bolyai University in and was affiliated there with the Institute of International Studies. While in Germany he works as a business consultant specializing in East West business development for industry and trade, in international project management and as a political consultant. As of 2012 he teaches economic diplomacy for incoming international undergraduate students at the University of Applied Science in Würzburg. Mureşan also works occasionally on international relations and EU project funding for the German National Agency at the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training. The main research for this volume has been done in Bonn, Germany, between when the author was a business consultant, a diplomat at the Romanian Embassy in Bonn, and exchange parliamentary staff at the Bundestag s Foreign Affairs Committee.
Minorities, Minority Rights and Internal Self-Determination
Minorities, Minority Rights and Internal Self-Determination ThiS is a FM Blank Page Ulrike Barten Minorities, Minority Rights and Internal Self-Determination Ulrike Barten Department of Law University
The International Court of Justice
The International Court of Justice ThiS is a FM Blank Page Serena Forlati The International Court of Justice An Arbitral Tribunal or a Judicial Body? Serena Forlati Department of Law University of Ferrara
THE OECD AND THE INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY SINCE Edited by Matthieu Leimgruber & Matthias Schmelzer
THE OECD AND THE INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY SINCE 1948 Edited by Matthieu Leimgruber & Matthias Schmelzer The OECD and the International Political Economy Since 1948 Matthieu Leimgruber Matthias Schmelzer
Challenge and Change
Challenge and Change Norma C. Noonan Vidya Nadkarni Editors Challenge and Change Global Threats and the State in Twenty-first Century International Politics Editors Norma C. Noonan Augsburg College Minneapolis,
Contributions to Management Science
Contributions to Management Science For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/1505 . Andrea Calabrò Governance Structures and Mechanisms in Public Service Organizations Theories, Evidence and
Essays on Federalism and Regionalism 1
Essays on Federalism and Regionalism 1 For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/13190 ThiS is a FM Blank Page Stelio Mangiameli Editor Italian Regionalism: Between Unitary Traditions and Federal
Normativity in Legal Sociology
Normativity in Legal Sociology ThiS is a FM Blank Page Reza Banakar Normativity in Legal Sociology Methodological Reflections on Law and Regulation in Late Modernity Reza Banakar Sociology of Law Lund
A Modern Treatise on the Principle of Legality in Criminal Law
A Modern Treatise on the Principle of Legality in Criminal Law . Gabriel Hallevy A Modern Treatise on the Principle of Legality in Criminal Law Assoc.Prof. Gabriel Hallevy ISBN 978-3-642-13713-6 e-isbn
The Fundamental Concept of Crime in International Criminal Law
The Fundamental Concept of Crime in International Criminal Law ThiS is a FM Blank Page Iryna Marchuk The Fundamental Concept of Crime in International Criminal Law A Comparative Law Analysis Iryna Marchuk
Financial and Monetary Policy Studies 36
Financial and Monetary Policy Studies 36 Series editor: Prof. Dr. Ansgar Belke Institute of Business and Economics University Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/5982
European Administrative Governance
European Administrative Governance Series Editors Thomas Christiansen Maastricht University Maastricht, The Netherlands Sophie Vanhoonacker Maastricht University Maastricht, The Netherlands European Administrative
Migration in China and Asia
Migration in China and Asia Series Editors: Peter Li and Baha Abu-Laban The series publishes original scholarly books that advance our understanding of international migration and immigrant integration.
Global and Asian Perspectives on International Migration
Global and Asian Perspectives on International Migration Global Migration Issues Volume 4 Series Editor: Dr. Frank Laczko Head of Research and Publications, International Organization for Migration (IOM),
Palgrave Studies in Economic History. Series Editor Kent Deng London School of Economics London, United Kingdom
Palgrave Studies in Economic History Series Editor Kent Deng London School of Economics London, United Kingdom Palgrave Studies in Economic History is designed to illuminate and enrich our understanding
The Arab Spring, Civil Society, and Innovative Activism
The Arab Spring, Civil Society, and Innovative Activism Cenap Çakmak Editor The Arab Spring, Civil Society, and Innovative Activism Editor Cenap Çakmak Department of International Relations Eskisehir Osmangazi
International Series on Public Policy
International Series on Public Policy Series Editors B. Guy Peters Pittsburgh University, Pittsburgh, USA Philippe Zittoun Research Professor of Political Science, LET-ENTPE, University of Lyon, Lyon,
Boundaries of Religious Freedom: Regulating Religion in Diverse Societies
Boundaries of Religious Freedom: Regulating Religion in Diverse Societies Volume 1 Series Editors Lori G. Beaman, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada Anna Halafoff, Deakin University, Vic, Australia Lene
Public Accountability and Health Care Governance
Public Accountability and Health Care Governance Paola Mattei Editor Public Accountability and Health Care Governance Public Management Reforms Between Austerity and Democracy Editor Paola Mattei St Antony
Contributions to Political Science
Contributions to Political Science More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11829 Mario Quaranta Political Protest in Western Europe Exploring the Role of Context in Political
Governing Corporate Social Responsibility in the Apparel Industry after Rana Plaza
Governing Corporate Social Responsibility in the Apparel Industry after Rana Plaza Anil Hira Maureen Benson-Rea Editors Governing Corporate Social Responsibility in the Apparel Industry after Rana Plaza
International Summer Program
University of Ulm International Summer Program European Integration European Union An Overview Prof. Dr. Werner Smolny, Tuesday, June 21, 2005 University of Ulm, International Summer Program 2005, June
Studien zur Neuen Politischen Ökonomie. Herausgegeben von T. Bräuninger, Mannheim, Deutschland G. Schneider, Konstanz, Deutschland
Studien zur Neuen Politischen Ökonomie Herausgegeben von T. Bräuninger, Mannheim, Deutschland G. Schneider, Konstanz, Deutschland Susanne Michalik Multiparty Elections in Authoritarian Regimes Explaining
Religion and Society in Asia Pacific. Series Editor Mark R. Mullins Japan Studies Centre University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
Religion and Society in Asia Pacific Series Editor Mark R. Mullins Japan Studies Centre University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand While various book series on Religion and Society already exist, most
The International Migration of German Great War Veterans
The International Migration of German Great War Veterans Erika Kuhlman The International Migration of German Great War Veterans Emotion, Transnational Identity, and Loyalty to the Nation, 1914 1942 Erika
The Constantinos Karamanlis Institute for Democracy Yearbook Series
The Constantinos Karamanlis Institute for Democracy Yearbook Series Series Editors: Constantine Arvanitopoulos Professor of International Relations at Panteion University General Director, Constantinos
Migration, Diasporas and Citizenship
Migration, Diasporas and Citizenship Series Editors Robin Cohen Department of International Development University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom Zig Layton-Henry Department of Politics and Internationa
International Perspectives on Social Policy, Administration, and Practice
International Perspectives on Social Policy, Administration, and Practice Volume 1 Series Editors Sheying Chen Jason L. Powell For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/007 Zhidong Hao Sheying
Marcia Macaulay Editor. Populist Discourse. International Perspectives
Populist Discourse Marcia Macaulay Editor Populist Discourse International Perspectives Editor Marcia Macaulay Glendon College York University Toronto, ON, Canada ISBN 978-3-319-97387-6 ISBN 978-3-319-97388-3
Reforming Civil-Military Relations in New Democracies
Reforming Civil-Military Relations in New Democracies Aurel Croissant David Kuehn Editors Reforming Civil-Military Relations in New Democracies Democratic Control and Military Effectiveness in Comparative
The Economics of Immigration Örn B. Bodvarsson Hendrik Van den Berg The Economics of Immigration Theory and Policy 2nd ed. 2013 Örn B. Bodvarsson Department Economics St. Cloud State University St. Cloud,
New Perspectives in German Studies
New Perspectives in German Studies General Editors: Professor Michael Butler, Head of the Department of German Studies, University of Birmingham and Professor William Paterson, Director of the Institute
EU Eastern Enlargement and the Russian Transformation Crisis
EU Eastern Enlargement and the Russian Transformation Crisis Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Barcelona Hong Kong London Milan Paris Singapore Tokyo Paul J. J. Welfens EU Eastern Enlargement and the
Intellectual History of Economic Normativities
Intellectual History of Economic Normativities Mikkel Thorup Editor Intellectual History of Economic Normativities Editor Mikkel Thorup Institute for Culture and Society Aarhus, Denmark ISBN 978-1-137-59415-0
Public Administration and Information Technology. Volume 11. Series Editor Christopher G. Reddick San Antonio, Texas, USA
Public Administration and Information Technology Volume 11 Series Editor Christopher G. Reddick San Antonio, Texas, USA Public Administration and Information Technology publishes authored and edited books
Creative Crisis in Democracy and Economy
Creative Crisis in Democracy and Economy . George C. Bitros Anastasios D. Karayiannis Creative Crisis in Democracy and Economy George C. Bitros Professor of Political Economy, Emeritus, Athens University
Language, Hegemony and the European Union
Language, Hegemony and the European Union Glyn Williams Gruffudd Williams Language, Hegemony and the European Union Re-examining Unity in Diversity Glyn Williams Ynys Môn, United Kingdom Gr uffudd Williams
Japanese Moratorium on the Death Penalty
Japanese Moratorium on the Death Penalty Mika Obara-Minnitt Japanese Moratorium on the Death Penalty Mika Obara-Minnitt International Christian University The Institute of Asian Cultural Studies Tokyo,
Terrorism Within Comparative International Context
Terrorism Within Comparative International Context M.R. Haberfeld Joseph F. King Charles Andrew Lieberman Terrorism Within Comparative International Context The Counter-Terrorism Response and Preparedness
Public Administration and Information Technology
Public Administration and Information Technology Volume 15 Series Editor Christopher G. Reddick, San Antonio, TX, USA More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10796 Mehmet
Transcultural Research Heidelberg Studies on Asia and Europe in a Global Context
Transcultural Research Heidelberg Studies on Asia and Europe in a Global Context Series Editors: Madeleine Herren Axel Michaels Rudolf G. Wagner For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8753
The Reformation in Economics
The Reformation in Economics Philip Pilkington The Reformation in Economics A Deconstruction and Reconstruction of Economic Theory Philip Pilkington GMO LLC London, United Kingdom ISBN 978-3-319-40756-2
Challenges for Europe
Challenges for Europe This page intentionally left blank Challenges for Europe Edited by Hugh Stephenson Centre for Economic Performance London School of Economics and Political Science Editorial matter
Globalization, Institutions and Social Cohesion
Globalization, Institutions and Social Cohesion Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH Maurizio Franzini. Felice R. Pizzuti Editors Globalization, Institutions and Social Cohesion With 19 Figures and 29
EU Labor Markets After Post-Enlargement Migration
EU Labor Markets After Post-Enlargement Migration Martin Kahanec Klaus F. Zimmermann Editors EU Labor Markets After Post-Enlargement Migration Editors Dr. Martin Kahanec Prof. Dr. Klaus F. Zimmermann Institute
SpringerBriefs in Political Science
SpringerBriefs in Political Science More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8871 Helen Dickinson Catherine Needham Catherine Mangan Helen Sullivan Editors Reimagining the Future
The Urban Book Series
The Urban Book Series Aims and Scope The Urban Book Series is a resource for urban studies and geography research worldwide. It provides a unique and innovative resource for the latest developments in
The Fed at One Hundred
The Fed at One Hundred ThiS is a FM Blank Page David Howden Joseph T. Salerno Editors The Fed at One Hundred A Critical View on the Federal Reserve System Editors David Howden Business and Economics St.
Changes in Leisure Time: The Impact on Tourism
Changes in Leisure Time: The Impact on Tourism Copyright 1999 World Tourism Organization Changes in Leisure Time: The Impact of Tourism ISBN: 92-844-0316-2 Published by the World Tourism Organization All
Palgrave Studies in Sport and Politics. Series Editor Martin Polley International Centre for Sports History De Montfort University United Kingdom
Palgrave Studies in Sport and Politics Series Editor Martin Polley International Centre for Sports History De Montfort University United Kingdom Palgrave Studies in Sport and Politics aims to nurture new
Changing Trends in Japan s Employment and Leisure Activities
Changing Trends in Japan s Employment and Leisure Activities Fred R. Schumann Changing Trends in Japan s Employment and Leisure Activities Implications for Tourism Marketing 123 Fred R. Schumann School
Borders in the Baltic Sea Region
Borders in the Baltic Sea Region Andrey Makarychev Alexandra Yatsyk Editors Borders in the Baltic Sea Region Suturing the Ruptures Editors Andrey Makarychev University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia Alexandra
Compromise, Peace and Public Justification
Compromise, Peace and Public Justification Fabian Wendt Compromise, Peace and Public Justification Political Morality Beyond Justice Fabian Wendt Department of Philosophy Bielefeld University Bielefeld,
DOI: / Industrial Shift
Industrial Shift Also by Joe Atikian CUBA UNDER EMBARGO: The Macro Impact SAVING MONEY: The Missing Link Industrial Shift: The Structure of the New World Economy Joe Atikian industrial shift Copyright
Fluctuating Transnationalism
Fluctuating Transnationalism Astghik Chaloyan Fluctuating Transnationalism Social Formation and Reproduction among Armenians in Germany Astghik Chaloyan Göttingen, Germany Printed with the support of the
Social Indicators Research Series. Volume 49
Family Well-Being Social Indicators Research Series Volume 49 General Editor: ALEX C. MICHALOS Brandon University, Faculty of Arts Of fi ce Brandon, Manitoba Canada Editors: ED DIENER University of Illinois,
International Handbook of Migration and Population Distribution
International Handbook of Migration and Population Distribution International Handbooks of Population Volume 6 Series Editor Dudley L. Poston, Jr. Professor of Sociology, George T. & Gladys H. Abell Professor
University of Ulm International Summer Program European Integration Germany An Introduction Kai Kohler, Monday, July 3, 2006 Germany An Introduction p. 1/45 Germany An Introduction Basic Facts Economic
EXCELLENC IN TEACHING. SRH University Heidelberg Germany. Prof. Dr. Jörg Winterberg STAATLICH ANERKANNTE FACHHOCHSCHUL
EXCELLENC E IN TEACHING SRH University Heidelberg Germany Prof. Dr. Jörg Winterberg STAATLICH ANERKANNTE FACHHOCHSCHUL E The Social Market Economy A Concept for African Countries? Malawi July 2011 STAATLICH
The Core Values of Chinese Civilization
The Core Values of Chinese Civilization Lai Chen The Core Values of Chinese Civilization 123 Lai Chen The Tsinghua Academy of Chinese Learning Tsinghua University Beijing China Translated by Paul J. D
THE TREATY ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (2008/C 115/01) EN Official Journal of the European Union C 115/1
Official Journal C 115 of the European Union English edition Information and Notices Volume 51 9 May 2008 2008/C 115/01 Consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning
The Crisis of the European Union. Weakening of the EU Social Model
The Crisis of the European Union Weakening of the EU Social Model Vincent Navarro and John Schmitt Many observers argue that recent votes unfavorable to the European Union are the result of specific factors
Immigration Policy and the Labor Market
Immigration Policy and the Labor Market Klaus F. Zimmermann Holger Bonin René Fahr Holger Hinte Immigration Policy and the Labor Market The German Experience and Lessons for Europe With 23 Figures and
Studien zur Neuen Politischen Ökonomie Herausgegeben von T. Bräuninger, Mannheim, Deutschland G. Schneider, Konstanz, Deutschland Eva Bernauer Identities in Civil Conflict How Ethnicity, Religion and Ideology
GERMANY, JAPAN AND INTERNATIONAL PAYMENT IMBALANCES
Articles Articles Articles Articles Articles CENTRAL EUROPEAN REVIEW OF ECONOMICS & FINANCE Vol. 2, No. 1 (2012) pp. 5-18 Slawomir I. Bukowski* GERMANY, JAPAN AND INTERNATIONAL PAYMENT IMBALANCES Abstract
INCLUSION OF CENTRAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN THE EUROPEAN MONETARY UNION
INCLUSION OF CENTRAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN THE EUROPEAN MONETARY UNION INCLUSION OF CENTRAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN THE EUROPEAN MONETARY UNION Edited by Paul De Grauwe UniversUy of Leuven Vladimir Lavrac
THE RECENT TREND OF ROMANIA S INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN GOODS
THE RECENT TREND OF ROMANIA S INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN GOODS Andrei Cristian Balasan * Abstract: The article analyses the recent developments regarding the Romania trade in goods. We highlight how Romania
ZEW Economic Studies. Publication Series of the Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW), Mannheim, Germany
ZEW Economic Studies Publication Series of the Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW), Mannheim, Germany ZEW Economic Studies Further volumes of this series can be found at our homepage: springeronline.com
Studies in Economic Ethics and Philosophy
Studies in Economic Ethics and Philosophy Series Editor Peter Koslowski Editorial Board F. Neil Brady James M. Buchanan Richard De George Jon Elster Amitai Etzioni Gerard Gafgen Serge-Christophe Kolm Michael
European Studies Munich Prague Vienna
European Studies Munich Prague Vienna An ever closer Union? The European Union in crisis June 3 28, 2019 www.nus-misu.de Munich Arrival: 2 June Sessions: 3 17 June Departure: 17 June Session will take
BABEŞ-BOLYAI UNIVERSITY CLUJ-NAPOCA FACULTY OF HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY DOCTORAL DISSERTATION The policy of social protection and social inclusion in the North-West Region in the 2007-2013 programming period
India Studies in Business and Economics
India Studies in Business and Economics The Indian economy is considered to be one of the fastest growing economies of the world with India amongst the most important G-20 economies. Ever since the Indian
B.A. IN HISTORY. B.A. in History 1. Topics in European History Electives from history courses 7-11
B.A. in History 1 B.A. IN HISTORY Code Title Credits Major in History (B.A.) HIS 290 Introduction to History 3 HIS 499 Senior Seminar 4 Choose two from American History courses (with at least one at the
2012 English Extract
English Extract 2012 Main Results Last year, Germany reached 4th place in the overall indicator. This year it only manages 6th place. It has been overtaken by both the Netherlands (4th place) and Belgium
Internationalism and Nationalism in European Political Thought
Internationalism and Nationalism in European Political Thought By the same author THE CONCERT OF EUROPE: A Study in German and British International Theory 1815 1914 SUPER POWERS AND WORLD ORDER (editor)
SpringerBriefs in Business
SpringerBriefs in Business For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8860 Albert J. Lee Taxation, Growth and Fiscal Institutions A Political and Economic Analysis 123 Albert J. Lee Summit Consulting
Europe s Hidden Inequality i
Focus on Europe London Office October 2010 Europe s Hidden Inequality i Income distribution in the European Union (EU) is much more unequal than the EU itself avows: indeed, it is more unequal than in,
CHALLENGES OF THE RECENT FINANCIAL CRISIS UPON THE EUROPEAN UNION ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE
CHALLENGES OF THE RECENT FINANCIAL CRISIS UPON THE EUROPEAN UNION ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE MIHUȚ IOANA-SORINA TEACHING ASSISTANT PHD., DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS, FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION,
EU Treaties & Legislation
Blackstone's EU Treaties & Legislation 2010-2011 21st edition edited by Nigel G. Foster Professor of European Law, Buckingham Law School, Jean Monnet Professor of European Law Buckingham University Visiting
THE NOWADAYS CRISIS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCES OF EU COUNTRIES
THE NOWADAYS CRISIS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCES OF EU COUNTRIES Laura Diaconu Maxim Abstract The crisis underlines a significant disequilibrium in the economic balance between production and consumption,
Destination Europe Washington, DC, April 11, Welcoming Address
Destination Europe Washington, DC, April 11, 2013 Welcoming Address Thank you all very much for joining us today. My name is Andrea Noske and I am the Head of the Science and Technology Section at the
Financing Armed Conflict, Volume 2
Financing Armed Conflict, Volume 2 Thomas M. Meagher Financing Armed Conflict, Volume 2 Resourcing US Military Interventions from the Spanish-American War to Vietnam Thomas M. Meagher Armstrong State University
1 Rethinking EUROPE and the EU. By Bruno Amoroso
1 Rethinking EUROPE and the EU. By Bruno Amoroso The questions posed to us by Antonio Lettieri do not concern matters of policy adjustment or budget imbalances, but the very core problems of the EU`s goals
Migration and the European Job Market Rapporto Europa 2016
Migration and the European Job Market Rapporto Europa 2016 1 Table of content Table of Content Output 11 Employment 11 Europena migration and the job market 63 Box 1. Estimates of VAR system for Labor
How many students study abroad and where do they go?
1. EDUCATION LEVELS AND STUDENT NUMBERS How many students study abroad and where do they go? More than 4.1 million tertiary-level students were enrolled outside their country of citizenship in 2010. Australia,
SpringerBriefs in Economics
SpringerBriefs in Economics More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8876 Niklas Elert Magnus Henrekson Mikael Stenkula Institutional Reform for Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Evolution of the European Union, the euro and the Eurozone Sovereign Debt Crisis
Evolution of the European Union, the euro and the Eurozone Sovereign Debt Crisis Brexit? Dr. Julian Gaspar, Executive Director Center for International Business Studies & Clinical Professor of International
The Mystery of Economic Growth by Elhanan Helpman. Chiara Criscuolo Centre for Economic Performance London School of Economics
The Mystery of Economic Growth by Elhanan Helpman Chiara Criscuolo Centre for Economic Performance London School of Economics The facts Burundi, 2006 Sweden, 2006 According to Maddison, in the year 1000
On Kolm s Theory of Macrojustice
On Kolm s Theory of Macrojustice Claude Gamel Michel Lubrano Editors On Kolm s Theory of Macrojustice A Pluridisciplinary Forum of Exchange 123 Editors Professor Claude Gamel GREQAM-IDEP Université Paul
Globalization and Unemployment
Globalization and Unemployment Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH Helmut Wagner Editor Globalization and Unemployment With 32 Figures and 24 Tables i Springer Prof. Dr. Helmut Wagner University of
Mark Allen. The Financial Crisis and Emerging Europe: What Happened and What s Next? Senior IMF Resident Representative for Central and Eastern Europe
The Financial Crisis and Emerging Europe: What Happened and What s Next? Seminar with Romanian Trade Unions Bucharest, November 2, 21 Mark Allen Senior IMF Resident Representative for Central and Eastern
The Sub-national Dimension of the EU
The Sub-national Dimension of the EU . Carlo Panara The Sub-national Dimension of the EU A Legal Study of Multilevel Governance Carlo Panara School of Law Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool United
Managing Democracies in Turbulent Times
Managing Democracies in Turbulent Times . Eran Vigoda-Gadot Shlomo Mizrahi Managing Democracies in Turbulent Times Trust, Performance, and Governance in Modern States Eran Vigoda-Gadot Public Administration
Linking Sustainable Livelihoods to Natural Resources and Governance
Linking Sustainable Livelihoods to Natural Resources and Governance Abdul-Mumin Abdulai Elmira Shamshiry Linking Sustainable Livelihoods to Natural Resources and Governance The Scale of Poverty in the
American International Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 3 No. 10; October 2013
American International Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 3 No. 10; October 2013 The Economic Crisis Lessons from Europe. Enterprise Size Class Analyses of Transportation Companies of the Baltic Countries
The Enlightenment and Its Effects on Modern Society
The Enlightenment and Its Effects on Modern Society wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww Milan Zafirovski The Enlightenment and Its Effects on Modern Society Milan Zafirovski University of North Texas Department of Sociology
Compare historical periods in terms of differing political, social, religious, and economic issues
Standards Overview 2017-2018 World History Standards by Unit Teach in Unit(s) Standard Number Wording of Standard 1 2 3 4 5 6 WH.1.1 WH.1.2 Produce clear and coherent writing for a range of tasks, purposes,
A MONOGRAPHIC APPROACH TO THE LEGAL PROTECTION OF CONSUMERS
BOOK REVIEW A MONOGRAPHIC APPROACH TO THE LEGAL PROTECTION OF CONSUMERS Marţian Iovan Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Romania In contemporary societies where production, merchandise circulation
Wirtschaft-Das-sind-wir-alle
Wirtschaft-Das-sind-wir-alle BUNDESVERBAND FÜR WIRTSCHAFTSFÖRDERUNG UND AUSSENWIRTSCHAFT Global Economic Network FEDERAL ASSOCIATION FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND FOREIGN TRADE THE BWA - NEW PERSPECTIVES
Comparative Political Economy. David Soskice Nuffield College
Comparative Political Economy David Soskice Nuffield College Comparative Political Economy (i) Focus on nation states (ii) Complementarities between 3 systems: Variety of Capitalism (Hall & Soskice) Political
The Politics of Egalitarian Capitalism; Rethinking the Trade-off between Equality and Efficiency
The Politics of Egalitarian Capitalism; Rethinking the Trade-off between Equality and Efficiency Week 3 Aidan Regan Democratic politics is about distributive conflict tempered by a common interest in economic


text:
Making Sense of Microsoft's Windows Phone Plans
Satya Nadella, chief executive officer of Microsoft Corp., speaks during a keynote session at the Microsoft Worldwide Partner Conference in Washington on July 16, 2014.
By Jared Newman
Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella is wasting no time distancing himself from his former boss, Steve Ballmer.
After making clear last week that Windows is not the center of Microsoft's universe anymore, Nadella took another swing at his predecessor's "devices and services" strategy by announcing 12,500 layoffs at the Nokia team. Combined with the 5,500 layoffs at other parts of Microsoft, it's by far the largest round of job cuts in company history.
With the layoffs will come a shift in strategy. Microsoft says it'll push harder into low-cost Windows Phones, while terminating Nokia's other affordable phone projects. Nokia X, an experiment in putting Microsoft services on Android-based handsets, will go away as Microsoft loads future designs with Windows Phone instead. Nokia's other low-end platform, Asha, will also disappear, according to The Verge.
On the high-end, Microsoft sees Windows Phone–and other devices like Surface–as a showcase for Microsoft services. Future flagship phones will be timed to launch alongside major versions of the operating system and new releases from Microsoft's Applications and Services Group.
One might imagine, for instance, a future Windows Phone integrating a new version of Office, or an upgrade for Cortana that works across phones, tablets, PCs and Xbox consoles. Microsoft will likely pitch its hardware as being the best way to experience those services. ("We want to show the way," Nadella said at the Worldwide Partners Conference last week.)
The problem is that Microsoft's high-end and low-end strategies don't really square with one another. While Microsoft has enjoyed some success in the affordable phone market, the company's newfound focus on productivity and "getting stuff done" mean that those high-end users are the real prize. They're the ones who are most likely to use premium Microsoft services like Office 365 and OneDrive.
From Nadella's latest memo, it seems Microsoft is committed to the low end mainly because it's done well in certain markets. But how does that help Microsoft with its productivity focus?
One could argue that building the user base, even with low-cost phones, helps attract the app developers that Windows Phone really needs. But low-end users don't necessarily spell dollar signs for app makers. Apple's iOS App Store, for instance, pulls in far more revenue than Android's Google Play Store, despite Android having far greater market share. Windows Phone has neither the volume nor the demographics to lure app developers on a large scale, and cheaper phones aren't going to change that.
That's why I think Windows Phone's best shot at survival will come from deeper hooks into other Microsoft products that people use already. As I wrote in my Windows Phone 8.1 review, things like tighter OneDrive integration, better Office tools and more links between phone and console gaming all come to mind.
Microsoft is rumored to be moving in this direction with a unified version of Windows codenamed Threshold, which is reportedly coming next year. It'll be interesting to see what Nadella does between now and then.
Microsoft Is Shuttering Xbox Entertainment Studios, but Halo TV Series Lives On


Smoking is permitted outside the terminal building in the designated smoking areas. The smoking areas are indicated by a white dotted line and contain ashtrays. Smoking areas have been installed at various locations on Jan Delleartplein (outside in front of Schiphol Plaza) and on the departures level.
Perimeter roads and the aprons form an exception to the rule: these areas must be kept smoke free to ensure airport safety.
Beyond passport control, smoking is permitted only in the designated smoking areas, most of which are located at food service outlets. These smoking areas are enclosed rooms with their own exhaust-ventilation systems. To find the nearest smoking area, please consult the signs in the lounges.
Update from Glenn, April 2019: The new KLM lounge (lounge 52) has a very nice smoking area within the lounge. Photo provided below.
John d. Dec 2018: Gates G and H, AMS Schiphol. Bar and smoking room. Civilization.
Madaline on the 14th Sept 2018: Smoking area found at gate B15 inside at tribune breakfast.
Annemiek on the 5th Sept 2018: Gate M (lounge 3) also has a smoking area next to the light cafe. Last year it wasn't here so it must be built quit recently.
Smoking areas are provided at the following locations.
Simon: Additional smoking area in departures near Gates D1-D4, right beside the Heineken Bar. This is signposted as you enter Departure Area D.
Louis: There is a free smoking areas behind the restaurant right across from international Gate E9.
W.King: In the airport of Amsterdam, Schiphol there is an Irish pub (Murphy's) where there is a smoke room at the back of the bar. In another part of the airport is a regular smoke room behind glass. Both have air-conditioning.


Get your girl dressed in black and gold with the Pittsburgh Steelers Girl's Fifth & Ocean by New Era Full Zip Sweater Hood. This soft, black full zip sweater has a hood and two pockets near the waist. The front features the Pittsburgh Steelers logo with some fun game day graphics. Keep your little one warm while she roots for the Steelers in this Pittsburgh Steelers Girl's Fifth & Ocean by New Era Full Zip Sweater Hood.


text:
You are here: Home / Circle of Artists / Sherrie McGraw
As a young woman in Oklahoma City in 1978, Sherrie McGraw was urged by her teachers Richard and Edith Goetz to move to New York City to study at the famed Art Students League where they had studied within the lineage of Robert Brackman and George Bridgeman. In her initial years at the League, McGraw studied primarily with the legendary artist David A Leffel, but she also learned anatomy through Robert Beverly Hale and Jon Zahourek at the New York Academy, and later with one of the art world's leading experts on drawing and painting the horse from life, Ned Jacob.
By the time she was thirty, she was teaching classes at the Art Students League, having been asked to take over those of Thomas Fogarty and Gustav Rehberger, as well as conduct her own.
Currently, McGraw teaches workshops throughout the country, giving lectures and demonstrations for art institutions such as the Portrait Society of America, Weekend with the Masters, the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Art, Brigham Young University, the Art Students League of New York and the Academy of Art University in San Francisco, where she was recently awarded an honorary doctorate. Her work has been shown in major institutions including the Butler Institute of American Art, where they hosted a large retrospective in 2014 and soon after, awarded her their highest honor—Medal of Honor for Lifetime Achievement in American Art. She now joins the ranks of legendary art dealer Leo Castelli; sculptor Louise Nevelson; and influential director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art Thomas Hoving. Her work is in numerous prestigious collections, such as that of Senator John Warner, the Mellon family, the Forbes family, John Geraghty, Forest Fenn, Howard Terpning, Art and Catherine Nicolas and John Mellencamp. She was also the vice president of American Women Artists, an art organization that curated a cultural exchange exhibition in Sorrento, Italy in the year 2000.
McGraw is one of the leading proponents of Abstract Realism, which derives its name from the abstract appeal achieved when beautiful configurations of paint combine with a recognizable image. The result becomes a visual undercurrent that quietly moves the viewer through a painting. A visual concept, independent of story telling or literary intent, lends gravitas to an image that might otherwise be—at its extreme manifestations—merely self-expression or technical facility. She teaches online through a library of instructional videos called the Artists Guild, which is offered on www.brighlightfineart.com.
McGraw is the author of the highly acclaimed book, The Language of Drawing: From an Artist's Viewpoint, which has drawn worldwide attention for its clear and simple approach to the art of drawing. She edited and wrote the foreword to The Drawings of Nicolai Fechin by Russia's famed author Galina Tuluzakova, and co-edited Galina's new scholarly treatise on Fechin's legacy to the art world, Nicolai Fechin—The Art and the Life. She is presently writing an instructional book on painting.
Representative Works:
Filed Under: Circle of Artists


text:
/ Andrea James / 9:07 am Sat Dec 10, 2016
Genderqueer artist wears a message about race
Dean Hutton is a South African artist whose most notorious project involves walking around in a custom-printed black and white suit and absorbing the responses from strangers.
Hutton first wore the Fuck White People suit at Gay Pride:
It was a test for me. If I can do it in a community in which I have almost de facto access to, can I do it in other spaces, where I don't necessarily have de facto access except for the colour of my skin? You know, like, if I can't do it at Gay Pride, then I can't be making a whole fucking suit that says that. And, it's still mostly an experiment, but it feels like it's something I can do, and the reactions I am getting from it says that it is something that I should be doing.
Not sure what the term for this is, since "edgelord" is not gender-neutral.
Bonus video: Hutton's reel
• Creative Womxn: Dean Hutton on using love to disrupt, starting with the self (Blogarama via Patreon)
SHARE / TWEET / 195 COMMENTS
art / edgelord / gender politics / performance art / race / racial justice
'Station Eleven' is a haunting tale of the apocalypse
I was attracted to Station Eleven by the short description,it smacked of Commedia dell'arte: a post-apocalyptic tale of new-troubadours desperate to keep music and performance alive in a time of death. I was captivated, however, by the author's format in story telling. Emily St. John Mandel starts this book off like almost any other book […]
Al Jaffee's MAD Life: how a traumatized kid from the shtetl became an American satire icon
Back in 2010, It Books published Mary-Lou Weisman's biography of MAD Magazine icon Al Jaffee: Al Jaffee's Mad Life: A Biography; I missed it then but happened upon Arie Kaplan's 2011 writeup in The Jewish Review of Books this morning and was charmed by the biographical sketch it lays out.
The flags of Russia's regional governments are amazing
From Zheleznogorsk's flag depicting a bear splitting an atom (the city started as a plutonium mining-town) (yours for $60!) to Domnovskoye's stark eagle claw to Syaskelevskoe's drunken bull to Khoroshyovo-Mnyovniki's crudely drawn MS-Paint-style proud beaver, the flags of Russia's states, cities, towns and districts are pretty fabulous; Weird Russia has a giant trawl through them. […]


text:
Discover the Raya
Alburquerque is a town in the province of Badajoz in Spain. Alburquerque is a town in the province of Badajoz in Spain. It has 5,600 inhabitants. It is very close to the border with Portugal and was an ancient dominion of the kings of this country. The origin of the name of the town is uncertain. It probably stems from Latin, alba quercus, or "the white oak". Less likely, it may come from the Arabic Abu al-Qurq, which means "father of the cork [oak]".
Alcántara is a municipality in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain, on the Tagus, near Portugal. Archaeological findings have attested human presence in the area from the Bronze Age; the first historical inhabitants were the Lusitanians, followed by the Celts, who came from east to the Pyrenees. To this period, and to the following Roman domination, belong remains of several castra (military camps), villas and the bridge which gives its name to the city. The Roman rule lasted from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century, when they were replaced by the Visigoths.
Barcarrota is a Spanish municipality in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura. Barcarrota was the location of the Battle of Villanueva de Barcarrota (1336), in which Castilian troops decisively defeated a Portuguese army.
Campo Maior, is a municipality in the Portalegre District, Alentejo Region, Portugal. Campo Maior was certainly a Roman settling - the ancient Muro Dam is close by - which went under control of the Moors for half a millennium. In 1219, it was conquered by Christian knights, the Pérez de Badajoz family, who then gave the village, which belonged to the municipality of Badajoz, to the Church of Santa Maria do Castelo (Saint Mary of the Castle).
Castelo de Vide is a municipality in Portugal with a total population of 3,780 inhabitants. The municipality is composed of 4 parishes, and is located by the Serra de São Mamede in Portalegre District.
Coria, "la muy noble y muy leal ciudad de Coria" (the very noble and loyal city of Coria), is a Spanish municipality in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura. Founded before the Romans occupied the Iberian Peninsula, and called Caura, the Romans gave it its present name in Latin, Caurium, and later the city was granted Roman citizenship. Later in the Visigoth, created the Diocese of Coria that, except for the years of Muslim occupation, held at the Episcopal Coria until the twentieth century, when it was forced to share the capital of the diocese in Cáceres.
Estremoz is a city located in Estremoz Municipality in Alentejo Region in Portugal. An important strategic site between the Kingdoms of Portugal and Castile, Estramoz received a charter (fuero) in 1258 from Afonso III after the Moors were driven out a second time, which promoted Christian colonization in the area. King Dinis rebuilt the castle as a royal palace, further promoting the area.
Idanha-a-Nova is a municipality in east-central Portugal Idanha-a-Nova has hosted the massive biannual Boom Festival since 2002, during which the population of the community temporarily increases more than fivefold.
Jerez de los Caballeros is a town of south-western Spain, in the province of Badajoz. It is situated on two heights overlooking the River Ardila, a tributary of the Guadiana, 12 miles east of the Portuguese frontier. The old town is surrounded by a Moorish wall with six gates. The newer portion is well and regularly built, and planted with numerous orange and other fruit trees. Its staple trade is in agricultural produce, especially in ham and bacon from herds of swine which are reared in the surrounding oak forests.
Marvão is a municipality in Portugal with a total population of 3,739 inhabitants. Perched on a granite crag of the Serra de São Mamede, Marvão´s name is derived from an 8th-century Muslim duke, named Ibn Marwan. Ibn Marwan used the fortress as a power base when establishing an independent statelet ("emirate", duchy) - covering much of modern-day Portugal - during the Cordoban emirate (884-931 CE). The castle and walled village were further fortified through the centuries, notably under Sancho II of Portugal (13th century) and Denis of Portugal.
Olivenza or Olivença is a town in the autonomous community of Extremadura. As Olivença, the town was under Portuguese sovereignty between 1297 (Treaty of Alcañices) and 1801 when it was ceded to Spain under the Treaty of Badajoz. Spain has since administered the territory (now split into two municipalities, Olivenza and Táliga), whilst Portugal invokes the self-revocation of the Treaty of Badajoz, plus the Treaty of Vienna of 1815, to claim the return of the territory.
Valencia de Alcántara is a Spanish town near the Portuguese border (District of Portalegre). It is located in Cáceres province. Nuestra Señora de Rocamador is the most important church. Valencia de Alcántara is a very important centre of dolmens in Europe. The Battle of Valencia de Alcántara took place in 1762 as part of the Spanish invasion of Portugal. Portuguese-British troops under John Burgoyne attacked and captured the town, which was a Spanish supply base - setting back the invasion and contributing to the general British victory that year.


text:
Tim Paine Hits Back At Michael Clarke's IPL Contracts Comments
by Priyam Singh
Tim Paine and Virat Kohli. AP Photo
Australia's Test captain Tim Paine has ridiculed Michael Clarke's comments on the Australians being too nice with Virat Kohli and the Indian team to save their IPL contracts. Former Australian skipper Michael Clarke had said that Everybody knows how powerful India are in regards to the financial part of the game, internationally or domestically with the IPL.
He even went on to say that I feel that Australian cricket, and probably every other team over a short period, went the opposite and sucked up to India. They were too scared to sledge Kohli or the other Indian players because they had to play with them in April.
Michael Clarke (L) with Virat Kohli (Credits: Twitter)
However, Cricket Australia's (CA) current representative in the most extended format of the game, Tim Paine has ridiculed Clarke's comments stating that Clarke's assumption does not hold true.
Tim Paine Turns Down Michael Clarke's IPL Contracts Claims
"I certainly didn't notice too many people being that nice to Virat or not trying to get him out or anything like that," Paine told ESPNcricinfo. "I thought everyone who had the ball in their hand or when we were batting were trying their absolute best to win the game for Australia. I'm not sure who was going easy on him; we certainly had a thing where we didn't want to provoke any fight with him because we think that's when he plays at his best," Paine said.
Tim Paine (Credits: Twitter)
India are scheduled to tour Australia from October 2020 to January 2021 to play four Tests, three One Day Internationals and three Twenty20 International matches.
"Who knows what will happen this series and, as we saw in the documentary, there was still quite a lot of heat in some of those games. I certainly wasn't holding back, but again the IPL's not a huge draw for me at the moment, so I had nothing to lose," Paine said.
"But anytime our guys go out and play a Test match for Australia, they'll be giving their absolute all and I'm pretty sure they're not thinking about an IPL contract when they're running in, bowling to Virat," he added.
What You Say On The Field Is Almost Irrelevant: Tim Paine
"What you say on the field is irrelevant 99% of the time," Paine said. "Sometimes you can get a little inside someone's head or something like that, but if you're not batting well and not bowling well, all the talk in the world doesn't mean anything," he said.
"There's no doubt our first focus is on executing our skill and being as good as we can possibly be in that area and then sometimes things happen on a cricket field and you've got to go in, you've got to change your tack, or you've got to have a few words," Paine added.
Tim Paine. (Credits: Twitter)
Tim Paine concluded, "As we've seen the last 12 or 18 months, we still do that, we still stick up for each other, we still fight as hard as any Australian team, but we've probably just had to move with the times and I've been really proud of the way we've played out cricket."
Also Read: Australia Call Off Their Tour Of Bangladesh Due To Coronavirus Pandemic
Cricket Australia (CA)
Indian National Cricket Team
Indian Premier League (IPL)
Michael Clarke
The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI)
Tim Paine
Priyam Singh
I Wake Up Watching Cricket And Go To Bed Watching Football. Everything In Between Includes Lawn Tennis, Wrestling, Basketball, Formula 1, And Badminton. I Write To Make A Living And I Manage To Make My Organization In Making A Living.
What Tim Paine Did Was Cheap: Greg Chappell Slams The Australian Skipper For His Antics In The Sydney Test
Arjun Tendulkar Eligible To Register In IPL Auction After Mumbai Debut


text:
Alexa play some music
How to use an Amazon Echo with Windows 10
Richard Devine
Source: Windows Central
The Amazon Echo is not a smart home product that is reliant on a mobile device to operate. Once set up, the Echo is entirely voice-activated, and it's very good at it. And because there's a web app, you can handle everything from your Windows 10 PC.
Products used in this guide
The best Echo: Amazon Echo ($100 at Amazon)
Free app: Amazon Alexa for Windows 10 (Free at Microsoft Store)
Which Amazon Echo should you get?
Amazon now has a whole range of Echo products to choose from: The Echo Dot, Echo, Echo Plus, Echo Show in three sizes, the Echo Flex and the Echo Studio
The first big difference between them is the price. The Echo Dot is $50, the 2nd generation Echo is $100, and the Echo Plus is $180. The standard Echo Show is $230 for the regular model and $90 for the 5-inch model or $130 for the 8-inch. With these also having a display you get video and not just audio-based features.
The Echo Plus tops the range of the speakers because it's also a built-in smart home hub, and it's basically the same form factor as the standard Echo, but is more expensive at $165.
The Echo Dot has recently been refreshed in so much as there's now a model with a clock integrated for $10 more than the base model, but in this and the standard one for $50 you get all the same Alexa features as the other Echo speakers in a teeny tiny package. It's not as good for playing music, but you can get a pair for the price of one Echo, and the newest version is a marked improvement in both quality and volume.
If you're looking for an extended Echo experience, the Show built-in displays can show you the time, weather, make video calls and take advantage of skills like the Ring Doorbell. You can answer the door and check your cameras using the Echo Show and the Echo Spot.
How to set up an Amazon Echo with Windows 10
Setting up other Amazon Echo devices will follow the same process, but for the purposes of this guide, we used the standard, 2nd generation Amazon Echo.
Before you get too excited, there are a couple of caveats; the first is that you'll have to set it up through your desktop browser. Unless you're a weird outlier like me and using a smaller browser like Opera, you'll probably be supported — if your browser's not, Edge will work just fine, and that goes for the new Chromium-based version of Edge, too.
Setting up using your browser is fairly straightforward:
Go to https://alexa.amazon.com in your browser.
If you're not already logged in, hit log in.
Plug in and turn on your Echo.
Wait for the Echo's ring light to turn orange. The Echo should appear in the Alexa web app, as it's was automatically attached to your Amazon account when you ordered.
Hold down the action button on the Echo for 5 seconds.
In the web app, click on settings.
Select set up new device.
Choose the type of Echo you have.
Select your Wi-Fi network in the web app.
Click connect
After a few seconds, your Echo will set up, and you can begin talking to it!
What you get inside the Alexa web app is a simple-to-use layout to manage all your key Amazon Echo features. If you're using an Echo, it's mostly a given you're also a Prime subscriber, and this will be your default music service. In the UK, Echo has support also for Spotify Premium, but that's it.
Amazon now has Music Unlimited, which has a special, lower-cost Echo only subscription that opens up more music for about $5 a month. To enable it, just ask Alexa to start your Music Unlimited trial.
Alexa on Windows 10 PCs
Announced way back in 2018, Amazon brought Alexa to Windows 10 PCs in partnership initially with companies like ASUS, Acer, and HP. While not specifically for interacting with an Echo, it does provide another outlet to handle Alexa, requests, and skills on your PC.
Amazon has since released a dedicated app for Windows 10 which can be used by everyone. It can't be used to set up an Echo device; you'll still need to follow the steps above and use the web app for that.
But, it expands the reach and makes Alexa even more convenient to integrate with your life, and your home. It's a little rough right now, but it's a start.
A great way to get Alexa in your life.
The standard Amazon Echo is the best balance of sound quality, design, and price, and unless you need a screen, it's the one to go for.
Blow up that display
These external monitors go perfectly with the Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon
The Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon is an excellent laptop, but what if you want to project the display onto a larger screen? You'll need an external monitor for that. Here are our favorite options.
Rip all the threads
Best RAM for AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3960X
AMD's Ryzen Threadripper 3690X processor is one powerful CPU, allowing you to get much more done at once, smashing through games and nailing productivity tasks. In order to achieve the best results, you'll need some equally brilliant RAM.
Doodle away
Solid alternatives to the Surface Pen and Surface Slim Pen
The Surface Pen and Surface Slim Pen are great styli for the hardware that support them, but what if you didn't take to Microsoft's official pens and want an alternative? We rounded up some options to get you started.
Richard Devine is an Editor at Windows Central. A former Project Manager and long-term tech addict, he joined Mobile Nations in 2011 and has been found on Android Central and iMore as well as Windows Central. Currently you'll find him covering all manner of PC hardware and gaming, and you can follow him on Twitter and Instagram.


text:
Q: preventDefault() not working //prevent default handler
function click_handler(event){
  if(event.shiftKey){
      event.preventDefault();
  }
}
//event listener
var file_mgmt=document.querySelector('div.filemanager');
if(window.addEventListener){
        file_mgmt.addEventListener('click',click_handler,false);
    }else if(window.attachEvent){
        file_mgmt.attachEvent('onclick',click_handler);
    }else{
        file_mgmt.onclick=click_handler;
    }

basically file_mgmt is a div container which is enclosed with  tag linking to another links. Since Shift+click opens the link in new _blank tab i want to prevent it since it will damage the original page layout.
Giving up after a while, i even tried following from Mozilla doc:Event.preventDefault(), the result being the same.
Any Suggestions?

A: Preventing default action when clicking on a div will not do anything since by default it doesn't do anything anyway.
You should attach the click handler to the actual link instead.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
MELISSA MACFADYEN
Meet Melissa!
Inside Google's cool new Playa Vista offices
By Bianca Barragan original article: https://la.curbed.com/2018/11/8/18075714/google-playa-vista-offices-photos-spruce-goose The Spruce Goose hangar is vacant no more. With the help of ZGF Archictects, Google has turned the old airplane hangar in Playa Vistainto offices by building a four-story structure within the hangar's wood walls. The effect is that it looks like Google parked a big […]
by Talitha
Los Angeles Market Levels Off, But It's Still a Good Time to Buy
Price stabilization inevitable after many years of growth; market fundamentals remain strong BY ANNE MACHALINSKI original article: https://www.mansionglobal.com/articles/los-angeles-market-levels-off-but-it-s-still-a-good-time-to-buy-110514 For 23 straight quarters, the price of a single-family home or condo has increased year over year in Los Angeles, according to a Douglas Elliman report. But that changed […]
L.A. Approves $2B Consolidated Car Rental Facility Near LAX
By Howard Fine original article: http://labusinessjournal.com/news/2018/oct/31/l-approves-2b-consolidated-car-rental-facility-nea/ The Los Angeles City Council on Oct. 31 unanimously approved a $2 billion contract for a consortium of 11 companies to build and operate a consolidated car rental facility near Los Angeles International Airport. The 28-year contract represents the final cornerstone […]
The Exceptional Public Access Plan for the Ballona Wetlands
The State's Proposed Restoration Creates 6 Miles of New Foot Trails and nearly 4 Miles of Bike Paths, all Accessible from Multiple Points By David W. Kay, Patch Contributor original article: https://patch.com/california/santamonica/exceptional-public-access-plan-ballona-wetlands Did you know California's Ballona Wetlands Restoration Project will create the second-largest natural habitat recreational area […]
SoCal's housing market sees slowest September in over a decade
Sales were down by all metrics, according to a new report by CoreLogic By Dennis Lynch original article: https://therealdeal.com/la/2018/10/31/socals-housing-market-sees-slowest-september-in-over-a-decade/CoreLogic analyst Andrew LePage and Downtown Los Angeles (Credit: iStock) Rising prices and interest rates led to the slowest September for existing home and condo sales in Southern California […]
Housing for Homeless Veterans in Brentwood Nears Completion
Welcome these newcomers to 2019's 101 Best Restaurants in Los Angeles list
Pyramid-Shaped Malibu House Incorporates 'Spiritual Elements'
Report: To become affordable, LA needs to build duplexes—not just tall towers
Millennials head west for housing, and institutional investors follow
MELISSA MACFADYEN DOUGLAS ELLIMAN REAL ESTATE DIRECT: 424.203.1852 OFFICE: 424.203.1800 MOBILE: 310.663.8061 FAX: 424.203.1852 Melissa.Macfadyen@elliman.com 11990 SAN VICENTE BLVD SUITE 100, LOS ANGELES, CA 90049 CalBRE #: 01005574
WordPress Maintenance by OrangeWP.