text:
Why are there Jews Against Circumcision? [See a related earlier question and answers at http://www.jewishvaluesonline.org/question.php?id=166.]
Thanks so much for your question. Circumcision is a very difficult decision for a lot of parents, and when new parents make a decision to break with a tradition that dates back several thousand years it can be painful for many people in the family unit.
When new parents have approached me who are conflicted about circumcision, their concern generally falls into three areas:
They are atheists. Because of that, they are not inclined to support a ritual that is being done out of obedience to a God they do not believe exists.
They have moral objections to causing pain to an infant and they think that altering a baby's body for a non-medical reason is inappropriate.
They believe that circumcision is genital mutilation and is barbaric.
Circumcision is a sacred rite. It has sustained and supported the Jewish community through thousands of years, and I believe it continues to hold meaning for us today. While I disagree strongly with parents who choose to not circumcise their children, I acknowledge the pain that this decision process causes for families and often for new parents who are struggling to figure out what it means to be responsible for another human being.
Circumcision is not a barbaric ritual. It is not inappropriate to alter the body in this way - in fact many ancient cultures have rituals that include body alteration. Milah is not about God, or about the pain, or about the grandparents (much as they might disagree). To dismiss the ritual of brit milah on these grounds misses the point altogether. Circumcision is about establishing another link in the chain of shared memory. It is about sharing a tradition that, although difficult, binds Jews from around the world together. It is about taking the long journey to Mount Sinai, holding up your child, and offering him as the guarantee demanded in the midrash in exchange for Jewish tradition.
Click here for a(n) Orthodox answer by Rabbi Alan Yuter
According to the Torah, "on the eighth day, he [=the father, or his agent] is [required] to cut the [baby male's] foreskin." [Leviticus 12:3] According to Orthodox Judaism, the Judaism of the Written and Oral Torah, this rule, like all other commandments sanctifies, or makes one holy. [Maimonides, Laws of Circumcision, 1:7-8].
The Conservative approach to this issue correctly dismisses reservations regarding circumcision as inconsequential. After all, rites like circumcision has been performed in the past, with no significant bad results. But this line of argument, while absolutely correct, does not always resonate ethically to its hearers. Having done an act in the past does not make that act obliging to me in the present. Because my father or mother did something, am I obliged to do that act? Lamentations 5:7 says "no." And Conservative Judaism's preservation of past rites, folkways, and sancta has to date been selective. So why for Conservative Judaism circumcision is commanded as well as commended but the priestly blessings is not, is not entirely, or hermeneutically clear.
The Reform approach to this issue regards "tradition" as a usually benign good idea and encourages circumcision. But Reform Judaism respects autonomy so much that its most honored value is the autonomy of the individual to determine if s/he will conform to the command of the Covenant. If autonomy is the first religious value, then a moral or religious consensus is a matter of taste, not mandate. According to the Biblical book called Judges, "one did what was right in one's own eyes." [Judges 17:6 and 21:25] Hebrew Scripture's Narrator did not view unrestrained personal "autonomy" in a positive light.
For Orthodox Judaism, mitsvot are commands of the Commander, who just happens to be God. How God commanded the commandments may be debated; that God did so may not. Since neither Reform or Conservative Judaisms regard God to be the Commander in and of the Torah, the mitsvot in general and circumcision in particular are "traditions," which are folkways, sancta, good deeds [how we know what or that is good is unclear], and identity markers. This "god" is Oedipus' father, Laius, the man who sired us, who is fearful and jealous of us, and to whom we relate with profound ambivalence, wanting to be the father on one hand while rebelling against the father on the other. It is no accident that the Greeks [and the Biblical Philistines, who were ethnic Greeks], were not circumcised. Socrates' question in the Euthyphro, "is it good because the gods will it or do the gods will it because it is good" is answered by the Torah without ambiguity, if God wills and commands a specific act, then that act is good. Instead of allowing pagan Gnostics to intuitively "know" what God wants, the Judaism of the Torah tells everyone what God wants, and the Gnostics, like those who "know" that circumcision is immoral, are open to challenge.
Those who oppose circumcision on "moral" grounds are really making a culture and not an ethical statement. These people do not as a group seem to be more charitable to others, more faithful to their spouses, and less given to narcissism or egotism. Their opposition is to Judaism. Following the example of Ishmael, Islam circumcises at the 13th year, the age of maturity; it is for Islam a rite of sexual passage. In Israel, circumcision takes place at the 8th day of neonatal life. This is the age when a sacrificial animal is eligible to be offered on the altar. The Jewish circumcision initiates the neonate to a community that sees sexuality as subject to sacred as well as communal restraints, which are localized in marriage with purity, sanctity, and fidelity. Sex in Judaism is not for diversion and pleasure, it is for wife and husband to grow, bond, and build together.
It is ironic that those who believe in pluralism in theory tolerate intolerance toward others. Orthodox Jews do not insist that non-Jews be circumcised. Yet some, in the name of "morality" want to outlaw circumcision. Let them outlaw marital infidelity first! The criticism of Jewish circumcision, but not the much more traumatic teenage Islamic circumcision, is like much of the criticism of Israel; it is anti-Jewish sentiment that parades as high moral outrage. God's covenant is not only written on in a public book, it is to be engraved upon the most private place of human flesh, constantly reminding the Jew to see sanctity as pleasure rather pleasure as sanctity. This is a Judaism that makes demands of and challenges to its adherents, keeping them as adherents. A religion of personal autonomy will argue "that God wills what I want." The God of the former is revealed in the Torah; the god of the latter may be found in the mirror. Judaism has its rules, and has a right to be itself. Other more "tolerant" ideologies are offended by Orthodox Judaism's ethical statement. And because Conservative and Reform Jewish leaders are addressing a client population that is secular, a religious apologia will not resonate, so Judaism must be reconstructed into an "ethical nationalism" that will not be rejected by a nostalgic, but non-believing audience. The problem is that two generations have passed since there was a thick non-Orthodox Jewish neighborhood in America.
Since nostalgia no longer nourishes, only those religions that stand for something will attract seekers who seek something. It is time to cut to the chase.
Answered by: Rabbi Alan Yuter
Click here for a(n) Conservative answer by Rabbi Jason Miller
I don't get squeamish watching a bris take place. And I've seen my fair share. However, I have been getting squeamish lately over the many news items concerning the legality and morality of ritual circumcision, a required Jewish life-cycle event for thousands of years. When discussing brit milah (Jewish ritual circumcision), I believe it is important to be open and honest. I firmly believe that this mitzvah (commandment) is of paramount importance to the Jewish people and that we must ensure that it is done safely throughout the world to ensure that it continues for generations to come. iStockPhoto The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently published a report revealing that a total of 11 newborn males were infected by the herpes simplex virus in New York City between November 2000 and December 2011. Of these 11 cases, the parents of 6 of the newborns acknowledged that the mohel (ritual circumcisor) had performed metzitza b'peh during the bris. Metzitza b'peh is when the mohel places his mouth directly on the newly circumcised penis and sucks blood away from the wound. The vast majority of physicians have ruled that this aspect of the brit milah ritual must be forbidden for the obvious health risks involved. Many people presume that only the most ultra-Orthodox communities still include metzitza b'peh in the bris ceremony. However, this month I heard of a bris that took place at Keter Torah Synagogue, a local Sephardic congregation in West Bloomfield, Michigan in which the mohel in fact performed metzitza b'peh. It is imperative that Jewish physicians and other Jewish professionals in the health care industry as well as rabbis insist that metzitza b'peh is no longer practiced. The health risks are evident and with Jewish ritual circumcision under attack, it is unwise to allow an unhealthy and dangerous aspect of the ritual to persist. Just one year ago, there was a ballot measure to ban circumcision in San Francisco. That measure would have outlawed circumcision on males younger than 18, except in cases of medical necessity. No religious exemptions would be permitted according to this measure. While that measure was shot down, a German court this week banned the circumcision of young boys for religious reasons. This ban on ritual circumcision applies to the Cologne region of Germany. According to MSNBC: The court in the western city of Cologne handed down the decision on Tuesday in the case of a doctor who was prosecuted for circumcising a four-year-old Muslim boy. The doctor circumcised the boy in November 2010 and gave him four stitches, the Guardian reported. When the boy started bleeding two days later, his parents took him to Cologne's University hospital, where officials called police. The doctor was ultimately acquitted on the grounds that he had not broken a law. The court ruled that involuntary religious circumcision should be made illegal because it could inflict serious bodily harm on people who had not consented to it. The ruling said boys who consciously decided to be circumcised could have the operation. No age restriction was given, or any more specific details. The Central Council of Jews in Germany called the ruling an "unprecedented and dramatic intrusion" of the right to religious freedom and an "outrageous and insensitive" act. Several Conservative Jewish groups including Masorti Olami, Masorti Europe and the Rabbinical Assembly of Europe have joined with the Central Council of Jews in Germany in condemning the decision of the district Court in Cologne. In a joint statement, they explained: The circumcision of 8 day old male babies remains an important and meaningful rite in the lives of Jews all over the world. No other country has outlawed circumcision and this new legal decision impinges upon the religious freedom of Germany's citizens be they Jewish or Muslim and the rights of other parents who wish to circumcise their sons. A brit milah, as the circumcision ceremony is called in Hebrew, is one of the first mitzvot (or commandments) that God asks of Abraham. Just as Abraham observed the commandment, so too have his Jewish descendants over 1000s of years. While the Masorti movement consistently balances the needs of modernity against the needs of halacha or Jewish Law, there is no overwhelming proof that the circumcision of newborn boys causes any "irreversible damage against the body" as stated in the German court's decision. On the contrary, medical research has shown that circumcision can reduce the risk of HIV infection, penile cancer and other urinary tract diseases. The over 1.7 Million people in the 900 congregations and organizations in 45 countries represented by the Masorti (Conservative) Worldwide Movement call upon the Government of Germany to quickly work to reverse this grievous course of curtailing religious freedoms and dictating fundamental actions of faith communities. Source: etsy.com It is my belief that a war is being waged on ritual circumcision. In order for it to be preserved for future generations there must be compromise. We must be honest that it is an odd religious ritual in the 21st century, but it is a core part of both the Jewish and Muslim religions. In order to try to curtail some of the controversy surrounding brit milah, I propose the following: 1) Any individual who will perform a brit milah must have a signed certificate that they went through a course of training in which health and safety guidelines were learned. 2) Any individual who will perform a brit milah must sign an agreement that metzitza b'peh will not be performed under any circumstances as it endangers the livelihood of the infant boy. It must also be acknowledged that ritual circumcision is a medical procedure and it is unique in that it is most often performed in a living room or synagogue. I would love it if there were some certification program in which mohalim had to be re-certified every ten years to ensure compliance. Brit milah is often learned through an apprenticeship and there's nothing to ensure that an elderly mohel is still physically able to perform the ritual adequately. Finally, we must acknowledge that the idea of friends and family gathered in a living room watching a newborn baby undergo a medical procedure is not for everyone. Conceding that brit milah should be performed in a hospital would only encourage parents to have the circumcision performed before the required eighth day and that is not advisable. Rather, mohalim should give the option of performing the brit milah in a more private setting and then the religious ceremony can take place for the larger assembly. While this would alter the traditional nature of the brit milah ceremony, it would also guarantee that there's an understanding that the ritual is also a medical procedure that deserves both privacy and a safe and sanitary environment. By continuing to pretend that there's nothing odd about a newborn baby boy having a surgical procedure in a living room in front of dozens who eagerly wait for the bagel and lox spread to open is a mistake. We must acknowledge that this is a unique religious ritual in the 21st century. We must admit that there is some pain for the infant, but that it is not long lasting (an anesthetic should be encouraged but not required). We must ensure that there is some uniform compliance on the part of the practitioner (mohel) for the sake of the health and safety of the baby. And we must insist on a complete ban on metzitza b'peh with no exceptions. With these guidelines in place, we will be better positioned to counter any legislation — whether in San Francisco or in Germany — that could put Jewish ritual circumcision in jeopardy.
Answered by: Rabbi Jason Miller
Thank you for your inquiry. I admit that this is an awkward question to answer because it asks me to explain someone else's motivation. As one who supports circumcision for both religious and medical reasons, I find their position difficult. Here are some of the points as I understand them.
The Doctors Opposing Circumcision site speaks of genital integrity. They promote a film titled: "Whose Body, Whose Rights." I understand their intent to be that only the person whose body it is has the right to make such a decision; and, conversely, that the parents do not have that right. Parents, however, make a myriad of decision on behalf of their children – ranging from whether to protect them from disease by use of vaccines, to whether they should go to a public or private school, to whether they should be raised in a particular religious tradition. All of these decision have long-lasting implications and most parents believe it is their obligation to act for what they understand to be the best interests of their children. I am hard-pressed to see this as a qualitatively different case.
This group cites various reasons for their opposition to medical circumcision. There has been an ongoing debate over the efficacy of circumcision for nearly a century. At times the medical establishment has advocated for, at other times against. In 2012, after a comprehensive review of the scientific evidence, the American Academy of Pediatrics found the health benefits of newborn male circumcision outweigh the risks, but the benefits are not great enough to recommend universal newborn circumcision. The decision should remain in the hands of parents. Doctors Opposing Circumcision has a paper explaining their dissent.
But none of this addresses the religious reasons for supporting circumcision. It is wonderful to have medical support endorsing this procedure, but the main reason Jews circumcise their sons is because it is considered a mitzvah, a religious obligation. The reasons behind this act are not about health benefits (those are an added benefit), but because it is a sign of the covenant. The bris, the ritual act of circumcision, affirms that this young boy is now a member of our ancient people, not because of choice but from birth. When a male convert chooses to become Jewish he also undergoes the rite, affirming his membership in the Divine covenant as if from birth.
There are feminists who object to the rite of circumcision because they feel that it implies that only males are part of the covenant. To address this objection a number of new rituals have been created over the past 40 years to welcome our daughters into the covenant in ways that parallel the bris.
There is also a group called Mothers Against Circumcision. On their web site they suggest that "Christianity split off from Judaism because its followers did not see any value in the Old Testament requirement." This is a gross misunderstanding of the complex forces that led to the separation of Christianity from Judaism; one that does a disservice to both traditions.
They also suggest that if one does not observe all of Jewish tradition in detail, then there is a hypocrisy in choosing to observe the mitzvah of circumcision. This, however, misunderstands the development of liberal Jewish traditions over the past 200+ years. Each of the denominations of Jewish life understand their obligation to observe the Torah in different ways. A comprehensive response from the Reform movement concerning the question of rejecting circumcision is found at http://ccarnet.org/responsa/nyp-no-5769-4/
I hope this addresses your question. Questions of personal autonomy and integrity, such as this, ultimately reside with the family. As much as any rabbi or religious institution wishes to enforce their point of view, as much as any person suggests benefits or consequences, the family decision will prevail. As I suggested at the outset, my position is that this ritual act continues to serve as a defining rite welcoming a son (and I also encourage families to observe similar rituals for their daughters) into the covenant of Israel.


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Q: Prós e contras do paradigma funcional e do Haskell Eu vi que, claramente, o paradgima de Programação Funcional não é nada famoso no mundo da programação em geral. Entretanto, conversando com um poucos fãs de linguagens como Lisp, Ocaml, F#, Haskell, etc. Vi argumentos que quase chegaram a me convencer a aprender a linguagem puramente funcional que parece ser a mais influente e popular do momento: Haskell.
Então, a pergunta é fundamentalmente esta: Quais os prós e contras da programação funcional? Quais os prós e contras de Haskell? Por que eu deveria aprender Haskell?
Só pra deixar uma pista, um dos argumentos que eu mais escutei dos fãs do paradigma funcional foi:
"Paralelismo e threading em programação funcional é quase que trivial de tão simples, enquanto em outras linguagens isso é difícil, árduo e devido a má implementação só trás problemas".

A: Não vou garantir que responderei sua pergunta com a excelência que você espera.
Primeiramente nunca é demais aprender algo novo. Pra falar a verdade é até saudável sair um pouco da zona de conforto. Sair dela sempre fará com que voltemos melhores do que quando saímos.
Uma coisa é aplicar esse tipo de paradigma no mercado que é totalmente dominado pelo OOP, Web e Mobile. Isso pode ser uma barreira, já que a maioria das empresas de TI trabalham com o feijão com arroz (CRUD, telinha que puxa dados daqui, imprime relatório de lá...).
Um ponto muito positivo da programação funcional é a possibilidade de se trabalhar com listas e realizar cálculos absurdos escrevendo pouquíssimo código. Fazemos muito escrevendo muito pouco, acho que isso é um dos pontos mais forte desse tipo de linguagem.
Por fim, estamos na era da integração. Não existem barreiras que te lhe impedirão de integrar o Haskell com outra linguagem de mercado. Hoje pra tudo existe uma jeito. :)
Espero ter ajudado.

A: Pra falar a verdade, eu acho que o termo "programação funcional" não é muito preciso, e eu preferiria separar os Lisps das linguagens tipadas no estilo ML (Haskell, Ocaml, F#, etc). Dito isso, para responder a pergunta "porque aprender Haskell", acho melhor dividir em duas partes.

*

*Programação Funcional em geral
Uma coisa que todas as linguagens funcionais tem em comum é a forma como as funções são valores de primeira categoria: Você pode definir funções dentro de outras funções (acessando as variáveis da função de fora), definir funções que recebem outras funções como parâmetro ou que retornam funções... Isso é bastante flexível e permite escrever muitas coisas de forma sucinta.
Hoje em dia, esse ponto da programação funcional não é mais uma distinção tão importante, já que muitas linguagens "imperativas" tem funções de primeira classe e até linguagens notáveis pela falta de funções anônimas, como Java e C++ estão finalmente as incluindo. E já que falamos em programação imperativa, pra falar a verdade, a programação funcional nem precisa ser tão diferente assim - dá pra escrever programas com uma cara bastante imperativa se usarmos recursão de cauda (algo equivalente a gotos computados).

*Linguagens da família ML (Haskell, Ocaml, etc)
O fator mais único de Haskell e suas linguagens primas (Ocaml, F#, etc) certamente é o sistema de tipos, extremamente poderoso e flexível, mas ainda relativamente fácil de usar. Eu diria que vale a pena aprender uma linguagem dessas só por isso. Alguns dos pontos mais importantes:

*

*O sistema de tipos é completamente estático. Muitas erros que são detectados em tempo de execução em outras linguagens são detectados em tempo de compilação em Haskell.

*Variáveis sempre estarão inicializadas (não é possível acessar uma variável não inicializada).

*Polimorfismo paramétrico / generics. Permite expressar tipos precisos, sem ter que fazer upcasting e downcasting com um supertipo Object.

*Uniões tageadas e "pattern matching". É possível descrever tipos com mais de um caso (por exemplo, "valor inteiro ou null") e é fácil escrever programas que tratam todos esses casos (o pattern matching é uma mistura de switch com desestruturação). Isso tudo evita exceções como NullPointerExceptions, já que o tipo de uma variável nulável não é o mesmo tipo de uma variável não nulável.

*A inferência de tipos é poderosa e se você quiser você pode escrever qualquer programa sem usar nenhuma anotação de tipo, o que evita chatices como MyClass myClass = new MyClass. Dito isso, ainda é uma boa ideia botar umas anotações de tipo aqui e ali para deixar as mensagens de erro mais compreensíveis.

*Haskell, específicamente

*

*Haskell é uma das linguagens funcionais com a comunidade mais ativa. Vai ser mais fácil encontrar documentação, bibliotecas e livros introdutórios para Haskell. Em particular, Haskell tem algumas bibliotecas realmente legais, que não são comuns em outras linguagens:

*

*Quickcheck. Gera entradas aleatórias para seus casos de teste de forma automática, baseada nos tipos das funções.

*Hoogle. Faz buscas na biblioteca padrão de Haskell baseado nos tipos. Uma forma extremamente rápida e eficaz de procurar funções, se você souber o que você quer que eles recebam e retornem mas não souber o nome deles.

*Parser Combinators. Uma forma flexível de escrever seus próprios parsers mas que seria difícil e feio de implementar em linguagens convencionais.

*Haskell usa avaliação preguiçosa, o que facilita definir o seus próprios combinadores e estruturas de controle de fluxo. Para um exemplo um pouco forçado, podemos definir
meuIfThenElse cond ifTrue ifFalse =
      if cond then ifTrue else ifFalse
Em Haskell, essa função se comporta exatamente como um if. Já em uma linguagem com avaliação estrita, essa função não funcionaria tão bem, já que os dois parâmetros ifTrue e ifFalse seriam sempre avaliados, ao invés de um só ser. Seria preciso explicitamente embrulhá-los em umas funções extras:
  function meuIfThenElse(cond, onTrue, onFalse){
      if(cond){ onTrue() } else { onFalse() }
  }

*Devido à avaliação preguiçosa, Haskell acaba tendo que separar código funcional sem efeitos colaterais do código com efeitos colaterais (que precisam ser executados em uma ordem precisa). Muita gente acha isso confuso no início (ter que usar monadas para imprimir e ler valores) mas depois que você aprende como funciona é bem útil ter o sistema de tipos marcando quais partes do programa podem ter efeitos colaterais e quais são puras. Se uma função for pura você pode chamar ela sem ter de se preocupar com quando ela roda ou com se ela vai alterar alguma variável de instância de um objeto seu.

A: Já foram dadas boas respostas, mas ainda faltou responder a algumas dúvidas do OP, que tentarei tratar aqui
Quais os prós e contras da programação funcional [em relação a paralelismo e threading]?
A questão aqui não é tanto o funcional vs. imperativo, e sim mutabilidade vs. imutabilidade.
Linguagens imperativas tendem a fazer um grande uso de estruturas e objetos mutáveis, com alteração de estado. Uma propriedade de um objeto, encapsulada por um par de métodos get e set é um exemplo disto.
Este estilo de programação costuma ser simples, em um ambiente single-threaded, mas ganha ordens de magnitude de complexidade quando se passa a considerar ambientes multi-processados. Pois, se mais de um processo pode ler e alterar uma variável, é necessário controlar os acessos simultâneos de leitura e de escrita à memória (através do uso de semáforos, por exemplo). E este controle, por ser muito complexo, é também muito sucetível a problemas, tais como deadlocks, baixa performance e outros erros de implementação.
Já as linguages funcionais tendem a utilizar somente estruturas e objetos imutáveis. Isso significa que objetos criados nunca mais são alterados (se uma informação precisa ser alterada, isso implica em criar um novo objeto, e não alterar o antigo).
Este estilo é muito mais custoso, do ponto de vista de consumo de memória, mas tem uma grande vantagem: todas as dificuldades associadas ao controle de leitura e escrita de memória deixam de existir (mas, claro, algumas novas dificuldades também surgem).
Vem daí também, em parte, a predileção das linguagens funcionais para com as listas, por serem estruturas que podem ser facilmente manipuláveis, sem abrir mão da imutabilidade (é possível "adicionar" um item a uma lista simplesmente ao criar um novo "head" que aponta para a lista antiga - ou seja, é criado um novo objeto lista, mas sem ser necessário copiar os itens da lista antiga para a nova, poupando processamento).
Porque eu deveria aprender Haskell?
Essa é uma pergunta capciosa, pois eu não acho que você deva aprender Haskell (pelo menos não agora)!
Você (o OP) parece não ter muito conhecimento sobre linguagens funcionais. E Haskell é com toda a certeza uma das mais complexas e difíceis linguagens de programação para se aprender. Além da imutabilidade, você teria que aprender conceitos como lazyness, pureza, type-classes, mônadas, monóides, memória transacional... E, acredite, isso tudo é ainda mais estranho do que o fato dela ser funcional. :P (Na minha opinião, é mais ou menos como querer aprender Física Quântica, sem ter aprendido Física Clássica Newtoniana: é possível, só não é sensato).
Existem opções bem mais acessíveis:

*

*Scheme é uma linguagem Lisp multi-paradigma, própria para estudantes, que faz uso forte dos conceitos funcionais, e é relativamente fácil de aprender (se você ignorar os parênteses).

*Clojure é mais um dialeto Lisp. Alguns afirmam que ele é ainda mais moderno e mais funcional que Scheme, com a vantagem de rodar na JVM. Pessoalmente ainda não tive a oportunidade de aprender Clojure mais a fundo, mas tudo indica que é uma das linguagens mais interessantes de se utilizar atualmente.

*Scala é uma linguagem que tenho experiência profissional, e que portanto posso falar melhor. À primeira vista parece muito com Java e Ruby, mas por "dentro" dá pra ver que se inspirou muito em Haskell. Não é totalmente funcional, e está longe de ser pura, mas costuma ser uma boa opção para aqueles que tem experiência em linguagens OOP como Java ou C#. Bibliotecas como a Lift (uma framework Web) permitem também ver, na prática, as vantagens (e desvantagens) do estilo funcional em áreas tipicamente dominadas pela orientação a objetos tradicional.

*F# é, assim como Scala, mais um exemplo de híbrido funcional x objetos. Mas F# "pega mais pesado" no lado funcional, por ser um superset de Ocaml. Também pode ajudar em se obter os "pré-requisitos" necessários pra se aprender Haskell (por exemplo, as computation expressions de F# são mônadas, que por sua vez são muito importantes para se entender Haskell).

Fora essas, é possível utilizar o principal conceito funcional, first-class functions, em Ruby, Python e até mesmo em C# (3.0+) e Java (8.0+).

A: Recomendo este tutorial de Haskell em português, que o autor chamou de "Aprender Haskell será um grande bem para você". Ensina Haskell de forma bem didática e fluente, leve, amigável. Vale a pena conferir.
Edição:
Acabo de descobrir que esse tutorial é a versão em português do Learn you a Haskell for Great Good, que já foi citado aqui neste comentário.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: Filter dataframe by minimum number of values in groups I have the following dataframe structure:
#----------------------------------------------------------#
# Generate dataframe mock example.

# define categorical column.
grps = pd.DataFrame(['a', 'a', 'a', 'b', 'b', 'b'])

# generate dataframe 1.
df1 = pd.DataFrame([[3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 4],
                   [5, 7, 2, 8, 9, 6],
                   [5, 3, 4, 8, 4, 6]]).transpose()

# introduce nan into dataframe 1.
for col in df1.columns:
    df1.loc[df1.sample(frac=0.1).index, col] = np.nan

# generate dataframe 2.
df2 = pd.DataFrame([[3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 4],
                   [5, 7, 2, 8, 9, 6],
                   [5, 3, 4, 8, 4, 6]]).transpose()

# concatenate categorical column and dataframes.
df = pd.concat([grps, df1, df2], axis = 1)

# Assign column headers.
df.columns = ['Groups', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

# Set index as group column.
df = df.set_index('Groups')

# Generate stacked dataframe structure.
test_stack_df = df.stack(dropna = False).reset_index()

# Change column names.
test_stack_df = test_stack_df.rename(columns = {'level_1': 'IDs',
                                                0: 'Values'})

#----------------------------------------------------------#

Original dataframe - 'df' before stacking:
Groups  1   2   3   4   5   6
a       3   5   5   3   5   5
a      nan nan  3   4   7   3
a       6   2  nan  6   2   4
b       8   8   8   8   8   8
b      10   9   4  10   9   4
b       4   6   6   4   6   6

I would like to filter the columns such that there are minimally 3 valid values in each group - 'a' & 'b'. The final output should be only columns 4, 5, 6.
I am currently using the following method:
# Function to define boolean series.
def filter_vals(test_stack_df, orig_df):
    # Reset index.
    df_idx_reset = orig_df.reset_index()

    # Generate list with size of each 'Group'.
    grp_num = pd.value_counts(df_idx_reset['Groups']).to_list()

    # Data series for each 'Group'.
    expt_class_1 = test_stack_df.head(grp_num[0])
    expt_class_2 = test_stack_df.tail(grp_num[1])

    # Check if both 'Groups' contain at least 3 values per 'ID'.
    valid_IDs = len(expt_class_1['Values'].value_counts()) >=3 & \
                len(expt_class_2['Values'].value_counts()) >=3

    # Return 'true' or 'false'
    return(valid_IDs)

# Apply function to dataframe to generate boolean series.
bool_series = test_stack_df.groupby('IDs').apply(filter_vals, df)

# Transpose original dataframe.
df_T = df.transpose()

# Filter by boolean series & transpose again.
df_filtered = df_T[bool_series].transpose()

I could achieve this with minimal fuss by applying pandas.dataframe.dropna() method and use a threshold of 6. However, this won't account for different sized groups or allow me to specify the minimum number of values, which the current code does.
For larger dataframes i.e. 4000+ columns, the code is a little slow i.e. takes ~ 20 secs to complete filtering process. I have tried alternate methods that access the original dataframe directly using groupby & transform but can't get anything to work.
Is there a simpler and faster method? Thanks for your time!
EDIT: 03/05/2020 (15:58) - just spotted something that wasn't clear in the function above. Still works but have clarified variable names. Sorry for the confusion!

A: This will do the trick for you:
df.notna().groupby(level='Groups').sum(axis=0).ge(3).all(axis=0)

Outputs:
1    False
2    False
3    False
4     True
5     True
6     True
dtype: bool


text:
The Sacramento-San Joaquin deltas of 1772 and today
Remembering explorers past of this California water source.
Matt Weiser Essay Feb. 27, 2014 From the print edition
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The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, which consists of 16 rivers and hundreds of creeks, has proven challenging for 18th century explorers and modern-day water policymakers alike.
Max Whittaker/Prime
When Padre Juan Crespi first sighted the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in 1772, he thought he would be able to walk around it.
The Spanish missionary and his party of 15 soldiers had been dispatched to find a land route from Monterey to Point Reyes, where Spain hoped to build a port. But 10 days into their journey, in the heart of Alta California, Crespi and his men encountered a maze of water, mud and swamp, instead of solid ground. It was the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, the largest estuary on the West Coast of the Americas.
Crespi expected the estuary to function like others he had seen, fragmenting into dozens of small braided channels fanning out toward the sea. Upstream, he figured, they would find a single channel to cross.
But this estuary did the opposite. As Crespi traveled upstream, the water spread out, and his hopes thinned. On foot and horseback for three days in March, he and his companions searched fruitlessly for a way through the tangle of channels.
"Crossing these rivers by boat or canoe would be apt," a chastened Crespi wrote in his diary. "Because if you do not, it's (necessary) to climb the mountains to the southeast and seek the path of the large river. To climb such a high pass certainly requires a greater number of soldiers and more provisions, which is why I withdrew."
Crespi was the first European to glimpse this odd California landscape, and the first of many to be confounded by it.
Sixteen rivers and hundreds of creeks converge from all over California on the Delta's vast central plain – all mud, tules and marsh – finally forming one mighty river that drains the state's whole churning belly. It's called an "inverted" estuary because its waterways unite before reaching the sea. The only place comparable is the Okavango Delta in Botswana.
When Crespi encountered the estuary, its floodplain extended 100 miles north and south, filling the Central Valley with a wealth of snowmelt, all of it destined to squeeze through the land gap later called Golden Gate. Within a century of Crespi's expedition, European settlers were trying to engineer their own logic into the place, trenching new channels and building levees to create some of the world's richest farmland. Today, the Delta is crossed by three state highways and hundreds of miles of railroad tracks and county roads. There are 1,100 miles of navigable channels, and 72 islands ringed by levees. Modern charts detail where to anchor, where to catch the best striped bass, where to find the most convenient bridges and ferries.
But the levees may be vulnerable to earthquakes. If they fail, the water supply would be compromised by a flood of salty water from San Francisco Bay. And rising sea levels could taint the water supply permanently.
The Delta, which still covers an area the size of Rhode Island, provides half of all the freshwater consumed by a thirsty state, serving 3 million acres of farmland and 25 million Californians from Silicon Valley to San Diego. Gov. Jerry Brown hopes to better serve them by spending $15 billion on a new water-diversion system. If approved this year, it would shunt a portion of the Sacramento River out of the estuary into two giant tunnels, 30 miles long and 150 feet underground. The intent is to divert freshwater in a way less harmful to imperiled native fish species, while protecting those diversions from floods, earthquakes and a rising sea. The tunnels would serve existing state and federal canal systems that begin in the south Delta, near Tracy, and divert water to cities and farms, mostly in Southern California and the San Joaquin Valley. Another $10 billion would go to wildlife habitat improvements, in part to breach levees and restore tidal action to some islands. The state believes the proposed tunnel intakes would be far enough upstream to protect the water supply from disaster, at least under present climate-change scenarios. The intakes would also include modern fish screens, potentially preventing the extinction of the native Delta smelt, spring-run chinook salmon and other species that are being killed by the current water export system.
But after seven years of study, state officials acknowledge that removing so much freshwater upstream may cause "unquantifiable" water-quality changes. Meanwhile, critics say taking so much freshwater from the estuary could harm Delta farms and perhaps concentrate pollutants in a way that hurts the same fish that state officials hope to restore. The Delta continues to confound.
Forty-five years after Crespi turned back, Padre Narciso Durán came through with two small boats on an expedition led by Lt. Don Luis Arguello. They left the Spanish presidio, or fort, at San Franciso, which was established three years after Crespi's visit. Their trip through the watery maze began on May 13, 1817, and lasted two weeks. Durán, who kept a journal, came along to baptize Indians.
His party had a hard time from the start: They set out in a storm, and the boats became separated at the confluence. The storm blew Arguello onto the shore of the San Joaquin River, near its mouth. Durán and a second padre, in the other boat, took refuge for the night on a soggy mound of tules in the middle of the Sacramento.
When the storm finally quit and the boats were reunited, another challenge arose. It was snowmelt season, and the downstream current in the Sacramento River was so strong that it nearly halted their progress. Without wind, days of brutal rowing followed, with little upstream progress to show for it.
On top of that, the men experienced a condition that plagues Delta visitors to this day: They became disoriented.
Seeking to remain on the Sacramento River, the party soon encountered a variety of branching side-channels. They could not be sure which one was the river itself. Because the Delta was in flood, the true riverbanks and many of the natural islands were submerged. A gap in the trees that looked like a river channel might turn out to be a flooded island where a boat would quickly run aground. "The thick leafiness makes the whole river like a tree-lined promenade," Durán remarked.
The next day, May 16, they traveled only four leagues upriver. They also took a wrong turn and left the Sacramento on a side channel – a serious mistake, as any detour meant more labor for the rowers. Eventually, though, they got lucky and recovered their course.
Familiarity with this labyrinth benefitted the locals, who fled on rafts as soon as they spotted the expedition boats. The Europeans found two villages vacated, either because of the spring flood or because word had spread that the Indians might be conscripted as laborers in the Spanish missions.
Occupants of a third village "fled at the noise of the launches, leaving only two old women, more than 60 years old."
Durán felt obliged to baptize both women, "because it seemed to us that they could die before Divine Providence could arrange another convenient time when we could baptize them in one or another of the missions."
Durán, who was no naturalist, made no effort to identify important land features or tree species, and does not mention sighting any animals. But the Delta was teeming with wildlife in a way that is difficult to imagine today: Vast herds of elk and pronghorn antelope roamed here, hunted by wolf and grizzly bear. Giant tidal marshes, packed with tules and cattails, hosted millions of waterfowl. The maze of curving sloughs was a nursery for one of the world's most productive fisheries.
The Delta remains the most important salmon fishery on the West Coast, producing most of the wild-caught king salmon in the Lower 48 states. Yet it may not survive. There are 57 endangered species here, including steelhead trout and two runs of salmon.
Modern-day Californians are as oblivious to the region's natural wealth as Durán seemed to be. A January 2012 survey found that 78 percent of California residents don't know where the Delta is, or even what it is.
The day after baptizing the two women, Durán and his party reached their turnaround point. They hoped to find a place to erect a cross, "and there to end our quest and retreat downriver." After rowing upriver three more leagues, they pulled ashore to rest, where, by chance, they spotted some rafts in the tules and a village of Natives, "who came out at them armed with their customary fierce clamor."
Arguello mustered his soldiers to confront the Indians, who "calmed down, to everyone's relief, and said they had armed themselves believing we were hostile people." The travelers were invited to visit a larger village one league upriver, where they were promised fish.
But Durán and his cohorts, possibly disoriented, never found the second Indian village, and never got the promised fish. Exhausted and frustrated, they were ready to turn back. Amid the flood, they could find no solid ground to erect a cross. So they carved one on an oak tree.
The exact location of that cross is unknown today. But according to Durán's diary, they carved it about 80 miles upstream from the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, or approximately near today's state capital, Sacramento, where Gov. Brown weighs the fate of the Delta today.
Matt Weiser covers environmental issues for The Sacramento Bee and has written about the Delta and California water for 15 years.
The contemporary translation of Crespi and Durán's journals is by Alexa Mergen.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Matthew's newest obsession is salt Cured Egg Yolk! So much so that lately our fridge is full of plates and bowls of salt and egg yolks leaving me no room to store any of our other food. If you don't believe me check out the video below of Matt showing you exactly how to make them. His excitement says it all! And, if I'm being a little honest, these are incredibly impressive and delicious. They are worth trying at least once.
Time after time we find ourselves making recipes where only the egg whites are needed, such as in our Low Carb Tortilla recipe. We often get emails asking us what can be done with all the leftovers yolks, and we have just the answer for you. Cure them! Not only is it something you've likely never tried or thought to do, but the flavorful outcome makes it worth all the time you invest in making them! We now like to have at least three or four on hand to give a flavor boost to some of our meals.
To be honest, the only way we've used our cured egg yolks thus far has been thinly sliced on salads, and it seems like it doesn't get much better. The yolks not only make all the other flavors in your salad pop, but add a nice little salty bite! However, the yolks would definitely be a great garnish grated on top of pastas, meats, veggies, you name it! The cooking process makes it soft enough to thinly slice, but hard enough to grate with a cheese grater.
If you are looking for recipes to add the cured egg yolks to you should make our Fat Bomb Pasta! The simple, creamy Alfredo sauce would come to life even more with some cured egg yolk grated and mixed in. We've provided you the instructions to make a salt cured egg yolk below, however, you can get a little wild and make erythritol cured egg yolks too!
Recipe can be quickly added to MyFitnessPal - Search "KetoConnect - Cured Egg Yolk"
Make a thick layer of salt on a large plate.
Using a spoon, make six dips in the salt where you will gently place the yolks. Make sure there is still a layer of salt at the bottom of the dip (yolk should not touch the plate).
Crack each egg discarding the white and gently placing the yolk into each of the six dips in the salt.
Layer the salt over all the yolks, submerging them entirely.
Place in fridge for 48 hours.
After 48 hours, remove the yolks from the salt (they should be solid at this point) and place on a baking rack.
Bake in a 150 degree Fahrenheit oven (or the lowest your oven will go) for 2 hours.
Remove after 2 hours, allow to cool and store in fridge.


text:
Algarve: find the best white truffle in the region!
Algarve region in southern Portugal is definitely known for its many wonders, such as great climate all year round, jaw dropping beaches, friendly people, spectacular golf courses and a diverse gastronomy. Among the favourites on the menu one may find an endless list of fresh fish and a variety of shellfish and seafood, served with top quality white wine. However, there is a particular cherished ingredient that abounds within the region and which not many people know of: the white truffle!
The white truffle or "tuber magnatum" has been originally found in the Langhe region of Piemonte in northern Italy, and is like a close relative of the black truffle, the main differences being in their flavour and also cost. The black truffle is more refined and less spicy and can be up to 1000 times more expensive than the white one, though in the Alba region in Italy you could spend between 2000 and 4000 Euros per kilogram! Algarve is indeed a rich place for these small white fungi to grow in near the oak trees or cork oak trees, and they can be between the sizes of a nut and a tangerine, though the best ones are the middle range.
If you would like to try or find cuisine using white truffles, try Vila Joya restaurant in Albufeira, a popular city by the beach in the Algarve. The restaurant has been awarded with 2 starts by Michelin and has an incredible high performance team of chefs and waiters leaded brilliantly by the outstanding and charismatic Chef Dieter Koschina. He certainly enjoys cooking with ingredients traditionally from the region and white truffles are amongst them!
White truffles are normally served raw and grated over pasta dishes, steamed vegetables or stirred in butter. If sliced very thinly they can also be inserted in meet dishes, over grilled chicken's skin, in four gras, "pâtés" or stuffings. Some cheeses could also have white truffles. Truffle oil is also commonly used as it represents a good substitute for the truffle itself in order to flavour dishes. For instance, the Moon Restaurant in Vila Sol resort serves a Risotto with Parmesan cheese and black pepper, scented with white truffle oil. The luxury trend of 'Po-Up Restaurants' arrived in the Algarve in Vale do Lobo and serves a starter of Foie Gras with white asparagus and fine herbs scented with white truffle olive oil, by Chef Emmanuel Soares.
Gastronomy Luxury Goods Places Travel
Luxury travel in Douro: an exclusive guide
Luxury in Portugal: the most exclusive bars
Villas in Portugal: 4 exclusive tips!
Vilamoura: find amazing yachting retreats
Algarve and the 5 Wonders: an exclusive guide


You must have extensive previous experience in domestic plumbing and heating industry. GAS SAFE registration, ACS and relevant qualifications required. You should have our own tools & vehicle from the beginning but through time company vehicle will be supplied. A full clean driving license needed. Public liability insurance and tax reference number needed. Self-employed people are responsible for paying their own National Insurance Contributions and Tax. Duties include boiler, central heating, radiator, water cylinder, immersion heater, bathroom, toilet repairs, breakdowns, installations and maintenances, all type of plumbing and heating services and installation. You must be able to provide high level of service and to high standard. You must be customer-focused, honest, enthusiastic, presentable, good communicator with professional manners and excellent customer services skills and be able to fit in a family run team Overtime is always available. Due to work locations you need to be living or having accommodation in Central London, West End London, South West London, North London, North West London, South East London, East London, Essex, Kent, Bromley and all surrounding areas. Overtime is always available at the weekend and holidays.
You must have extensive previous experience in commercial plumbing, heating industry. You have to be self-employed, must have your own van and tools, a full clean driving license needed. GAS registration, CCNI, ACS, CODNCO1, CDGA1, CIGAI and other relevant commercial qualifications needed. You will be doing installations, repairs and maintenances and annually services for private and trade customers in commercial properties like hotels, hospitals , offices, pubs, bars, caravan, mobile catering, etc. You must be able to provide high level of service and to high standard You must be fluent in English, flexible, enthusiastic, presentable, honest, caring, good communicator with a professional manner who is able to deal with customers in different situations and be able to fit in a family run team. It is very important to understand that you have to be willing to travel from places to places in London as it's the nature of the job. Due to job locations you need to be living or having accommodation in Central (city) London, West End London, South West London, North London, North West London, South East London, East London, Essex, Kent, Bromley and all surrounding. Overtime is always available at the weekend and holidays.
You must have experience in LPG plumbing and gas trade. LPG ticket, OFT and other relevant qualifications needed. You must have your own vehicle at the beginning and tools through time company vehicle will be supplied. Public liability insurance and tax reference number needed. G and C qualification preferred. Self-employed people are responsible for paying their own National Insurance Contributions and Tax. Duties include LPG breakdowns, repairs, installations and maintenances for private and commercial customers like restaurants, pubs, bars, caravan, mobile catering, etc. A full clean driving license needed. You must be customer-focused, honest, enthusiastic, presentable, good communicator with professional manners and excellent customer services skills. Overtime is always available. Due to work locations applicants must be living or having accommodation in all postcodes EC, WC, W, SW, E ,N , NW, RM, IG, SE, BR, TW, EN, CR, SS, CM, UB Central London, West End London, South West London, North London, North West London, South East London, East London, Essex, Kent, Bromley and all surrounding areas. Overtime is always available at the weekend and holidays.
You must have experience in electrical trade, NICEIC or city & guilds and other relevant qualifications needed. You must have your own tools, own vehicle from the beginning through time company vehicle will be supplied Public liability insurance and tax reference number needed. Self-employed people are responsible for paying their own National Insurance Contributions and Tax. Duties includes rewiring, servicing electrical system, repairing fuse Boards, sockets, earth Bonding all maintenance, breakdown, installation, etc for private and commercial customers. A full clean driving license needed. You must be customer-focused, honest, enthusiastic, presentable, good communicator with professional manners and excellent customer services skills and be able to fit in to a family run team. Due to work locations applicants must be living or having accommodation in Central (city)London, West End London, South West London, North London, North West London, South East London, East London, Essex, Kent, Bromley and all surrounding areas. Overtime is always available at the weekend and holidays.
You must have experience in Glazing trade, City & Guilds and relevant qualifications needed. You must have your own tools, own vehicle at the beginning through time company vehicle will be supplied Public liability insurance and tax reference number needed. Self-employed people are responsible for paying their own National Insurance Contributions and Tax. Duties includes repairing, replacing al types of glass, single glazing, double glazing for commercial and domestic customers, staging and scaffolding materials required, Measure and mark outlines or patterns on glass to indicate cutting lines and all other relevant tasks. A full clean driving license needed. You must be customer-focused, honest, enthusiastic, presentable, good communicator with professional manners and excellent customer services skills and be able to fit in to a family run team. Due to work locations applicants must be living or having accommodation in Central (city)London, West End London, South West London, North London, North West London, South East London, East London, Essex, Kent, Bromley and all surrounding areas. Overtime is always available at the weekend and holidays.
You must have experience in air-conditioning & ventilation trade, HVAC and relevant qualifications needed. You must have your own tools, own vehicle at the beginning through time company vehicle will be supplied Public liability insurance and tax reference number needed. Self-employed people are responsible for paying their own National Insurance Contributions and Tax. Duties includes repairing, replacing air-conditioning, refrigeration, ventilation appliances for commercial and domestic customers, maintenance and installation, dealing with emergency. A full clean driving license needed. You must be customer-focused, honest, enthusiastic, presentable, good communicator with professional manners and excellent customer services skills and be able to fit in to a family run team. Due to work locations applicants must be living or having accommodation in Central (city)London, West End London, South West London, North London, North West London, South East London, East London, Essex, Kent, Bromley and all surrounding areas. Overtime is always available at the weekend and holidays.
You must have experience in building trades, City & Guilds and relevant qualifications needed. You must have your own tools, own vehicle at the beginning through time company vehicle will be supplied Public liability insurance and tax reference number needed. Self-employed people are responsible for paying their own National Insurance Contributions and Tax. Duties includes property repairing, planning and designing some building projects, dealing with tilling work, refurbishment work, build domestic and commercial properties, painting jobs, Wood work, staging and other relevant tasks, scaffolding materials required,A full clean driving license needed. You have to be able work alongside with some heating or plumbing engineers or electrician, glazier or other trades people. You must be customer-focused, honest, enthusiastic, presentable, good communicator with professional manners and excellent customer services skills and be able to fit in to a family run team. Due to work locations applicants must be living or having accommodation in Central (city)London, West End London, South West London, North London, North West London, South East London, East London, Essex, Kent, Bromley and all surrounding areas. Overtime is always available at the weekend and holidays.
You must have both extensive theory and practical experience in many different trades especially plumbing, heating, air-conditioning & ventilation, electrical, glazing, building & carpentry, locksmiths, etc. Your duty includes dealing with technical issues, pricing up the work, overseeing the projects, supporting the customers and engineers with any technical project and anything relevant technical roles. Company vehicle will be supplied. You have to be willing to work overtime/ standby during out of working hours and holidays. You must be customer-focused, honest, enthusiastic, presentable, good communicator with professional manners and deliver excellent customer services skills and assist customers and engineers and be able to fit in a family run team. You have to standby in the office to deal with written quote and queries and attend working sites when required when deal with this you have to have good practical skills with a careful and methodical approach to work, awareness of safety issues, a reasonable level of fitness. This is permanent position. Overtime is always available at the weekend and holidays.


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SUPPORT IDEA
IDEA Carver
Proudly serving the students and families of San Antonio.
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IDEA Carver sets high expectations for every student and goes the extra mile to make sure every student realizes their own potential. Personalized learning, critical thinking skills, mastery of core subjects is our recipe for success.
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Principal, IDEA Carver College Prep
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For the past 20 years, Mr. Yu has dedicated his life's work to education. He launched his career in Houston as a biology and chemistry teacher at Milby High School.
After serving as a successful teacher for four years he transitioned to a role as principal intern with the High School for Performing and Visual Arts (HSPVA). After serving in this capacity for a few years, Mr. Yu was promoted to the role of assistant principal. He served as an assistant principal at two Houston-based high schools for a total of four years before he joined International High School as principal. Similar to IDEA Carver College Prep, International High School is a 6-12 school that emphasized college readiness. Now, Mr. Yu serves as IDEA Carver's Principle and puts in countless hours to make sure of success for all of his students. Mr. Yu is excited to continue his education career at IDEA Public Schools where the mission of College For All Children matches his passion.


text:
Radioboxer with Lavola at the Annex in Hialeah, August 13
Christopher Lopez
Christopher Lopez | August 16, 2010 | 10:30am
Radioboxer
With Lavola
The Annex, Hialeah
Better Than: Not going to a warehouse party where Radioboxer and Lavola are going to rock out.
Saturday was keyboardist Gian Nicolaci's birthday, and this week is bassist Jota Dazza's, so naturally, the Radioboxer gang celebrated the only way the would make any sense at all, with what they dubbed a Keg and Cake Party! Yes, there was in fact a keg, and indeed, cake too. And the whole thing went down at in the band's rehearsal studio and where the recorded their debut Radiodrama, The Shack North, huddled amidst rows of warehouses in Hialeah on Friday night, and featured a pair of performances as intense as the setting was intimate.
Of course, before any of that could be taken in, we had to make our way through the City of Progress, a journey which on this particular occasion, involved an all-lanes detour into a DUI checkpoint in a Banco Popular's parking lot on 103rd Street (which, I guess, is also 49th ... for some reason that no Hialeah city planner could properly explain).
"Have you ever had your license suspended before?" the officer asked me as called it in on his walkie.
"Not in some years," I replied.
"Were you arrested that time?"
"No sir," I answered truthfully. "Not that time."
They never did ask if I'd been drinking, and luckily, I had forgone prelims. All was well in the end of this encounter, though. In another 10 minutes, we were mulling about the parking lot outside the studio, enjoying keg beer, anticipating a great show, and chatting with the other attendees, like another badass local act (and winner of this year's New Times Best Songwriter), Boxwood.
Some time around midnight (the details become fuzzy where kegs and red Solo cups are concerned), West Palm rockers Lavola took the stage. Comprised of vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter Julian Cires, drummer Brian Weinthal, and bassist Matt Hanser, this three-piece indie-art rock outfit really do fill out the stage. They opened with a large, atmospheric and very nearly hypnotic guitar loop built on one of Cires' pedals and awash in chorus. Listen to their stuff, it sounded a little like the beginning of "We Were Heroes For the Day," only much bigger, a wall of sound buffeting the crowd. Then they broke into "The Queen is Dead."
Hard, driving, guitar-driven rock pierced by Cires' high-pitched vocals are the norm for Lavola. And it's shocking really, reconciling what they put down live with the fact that they've been performing together a very short time. This is undoubtedly a band to watch.
Following that (and a brief break just long enough to refill your Solo cup and have a smoke or two), Radioboxer kicked their show off. And as ever, the Hialeah-based alt-rockers who won Reader's Choice in our Best of Miami issue last year did not disappoint. No, they straight up killed it.
Led by charismatic vocalist Vanne Dazza, who has all the energy onstage of a small supernova, the birthday boys, guitarist Esteban Gomez and drummer Tekilla 23 ripped into their set with "The Long Goodbye," followed by "GMV" and the anthemic "Go Home." They covered the Pixies' "Gigantic" and Breeder's "Cannonball," with Vanne screaming into a bullhorn. They played the new single they've recorded for their followup album "Elephant Heart" and closed with a two song encore, "Bolero," at the urging of the crowd, And "Placebo Effect."
Warehouse party, keg, brief encounter with the cops that ended well and oh-so-much rock. It was a hell of a birthday celebration, to be sure.
Critic's Notebook
Personal Bias: Freakin' love me some Radioboxer!
Random Detail: Jota and Vanne Dazza are presently in Colombia, where they've lined up some radio interviews and other promo ops.
Last Hero
By the Way: Fooled you, coppers. I was arrested that time my license was suspended! Or was I...?


First off amazing add on, it makes my life easier!
Now for some problems I am having since the latest XenForo upgrade.
How would I go about fixing these errors so I no longer have issues.
Please copy and paste the error from the admin area here. The screenshot does not allow me to see the entire line of some of the trace information.
But if I had to guess, I would guess that you don't have the PC sender name set to a valid user for your form. So far as the multiple submissions, it could be people trying to submit the form multiple times after they get the error message.
Yep that fixed the Errors on the Deny/Approval.
The error the user saw IS (or should be) the error that was being recorded in the backend.
Had a question about user field criteria. I thought this was there so they couldn't use the form unless that user field is sstisfied. But it doesnt seem to work that way. Can you please explain?
That's exactly what it does. If the user does not meet the criteria for the form, they can't fill out the form and don't have access to it.
There's really nothing to explain. The criteria system is part of XenForo itself and the forms system just submits the criteria to XenForo for a Meet/Not Meet answer. In other words, they either meet all of the criteria set, or they don't. There's no in-between.
It would help if you said what criteria you have set and why you feel the user doesn't meet the criteria.
Sorry for the ambiguity. Wasn't my intention. I have a custom field that is for the steamURL.. It expects a URL in that field. The test profile has a valid steamURL in the custom field but when I try to access the form it presents the no permission banner.
Do you have any other criteria set for the form?
If you could take a screenshot of the criteria for your custom field, it might help. It sounds like you have it set for something XenForo doesn't recognize as a value for the field. In other words, if the field is a text field, a user must match what you have in the criteria exactly for it to match.
Usercriteria on form, is that it must be logged in and part of the "Registered" group.
3) (when active) Their custom user field does not exactly match what you have entered in the custom user field criteria (this must not be blank in the criteria selection or it it will always trigger a mismatch).
This is a function of XenForo itself. It's not something that's under the control of the add-on.
EDIT: If the custom user field contains a URL, enter http in the box. That will detect that the field has a url in it and return properly. If you're trying to detect if the custom user field is empty, that's not possible in XenForo.
NOTE: There are a couple of bugs related to the default question system and the form titles using answers from questions. Someone is testing a new version that should fix the bugs. As soon as I hear back from them, I'll update the forms system here.
I assume that update is also for 2.1, correct?
There has been no update needed. It is compatible with 2.1.
How can you download older versions?


text:
In 48th year as Cubs season ticket holder, Haddon soldiers on through Wrigley Field future shock
By George Castle – CBM Historian on April 14, 2018
No matter what unusual sights she witnessed or good people she encountered, Carol Haddon made her seat right next to the Cubs dugout appointment viewing, as she has done from three different locations at Wrigley Field since 1971.
A honor on the field would not be as impactful as an invitation to sit with Wrigley Field's 75-year-old Grand Lady on Thursday, April 12, to take in the unique atmosphere of the 104-year old ballpark from her front row and (off-) center vantage points.
Carol Haddon in her new seat next to the enlarged Cubs dugout on April 12, 2018.
But as we met during a 70-degree noontime, we both could see we're not in 1971 anymore. Or 1969, when now-Glencoe, Ill. resident Haddon zipped down from Skokie via the Yellow and Red Lines and got choice game-by-game seats from a friendly box office. So friendly, in fact, that on cold days she'd be welcomed into the office for a "hot toddy."
And we seem a century removed from Haddon and mother Ruth Stern journeying all the way from the Chatham neighborhood on the far South Side via bus and Jackson Park L in the mid-1950s to see the Cubs and their matinee idols on Ladies Day. An afternoon at Clark and Addison, even in those losing years, seemed so stress-free compared to dad Rudolf Stern's childhood in Dusseldorf, Germany. He had gotten out just in time prior to the onset of the Holocaust.
Other times, Haddon went with friend Judy Pepper Klein or by herself. "Day baseball at Wrigley Field," she exclaimed. The White Sox, much closer to Chatham at old Comiskey Park than the long CTA ride to the North Side, had lost Haddon for life. Sorry, Chuck Comiskey, the Allyn brothers, Bill Veeck and Jerry Reinsdorf, you missed out on a superstar fan.
Carol Haddon and I started our journey outside the Starbucks in the new multi-purpose mini-skyscraper that houses the Cubs' expanded front office. The building exists on the site of former car wash, the north end of the huge "Red" parking lot that once tried to charge $50 for its close proximity to the ballpark. The closest place to fetch coffee then was the Yum-Yum Donuts stand, home of the breakfast if (would-be) champions of Cubs teams of yore. Now the area south of the building is the attractive Park at Wrigley that includes the grass field on which kids can romp and an outdoor plaza to enjoy those Starbucks coffees, many transformations in composition and price from Yum-Yum's java.
Next we go through three levels of ballpark operations people to process our tickets and vet us for MLB-mandated security. All are friendly and welcoming, and I'm sure they were like that before their Cubs training. The vetting includes all metal items, so I have to take off my watch to put it in the tray. If one arrives near gametime, you might miss a few batters given the multi-step way to getting into the ballpark.
Once in the main concourse, Haddon busied herself greeting a bevy of vendors who worked the portable stands dispensing everything from beer to bison dogs. The portables soon will be cleared in favor of permanent facilities whose windows were closed at that moment. The Cubs believe the constant concourse clogging will be alleviated by the closing of the portable stands, all on one side of the supporting pillars. But many of the vendors seemed fearful whether they would be retained once the stands closed. There was conjecture long lines would form at the permanent, embedded stands.
We moved on to the Audi Club, once the Stadium Club, Wrigley Field's oldest in-house eating-and-drinking venue dating back to the early Tribune Co. ownership days of the 1980s. It serves as pre- and post-game gathering place located on the south side of Wrigley Field, just west of Gate D, at the corner of Addison Street and Sheffield Avenue in the right field corner. Our server Cindy, a longtime veteran, took care of us quickly with quesadillas. Talk among the veteran fans was how the Stadium Club will close after this year in favor of expansion of the long-neglected, very cramped visitors' clubhouse. More expensive and swanky private clubs are opening under the Ricketts family ownership, but it did not sound like the longtime Cubs fans would join with the cost not too affordable.
I had many memories of ballyhooed arrivals of new Cubs players and managers revealed in the Stadium Club — but very few departures. Dallas Green announced his shocking exit here late in 1987, his organizational rebuilding job uncompleted and then virtually trashed by the penny-pinching corporate Tribune crowd. The soon-to-departed Stadium Club hosted Ryne Sandberg's first retirement in 1994. Ryno was accompanied by the sight of then-wife Cindy in her famed corncob-pattern sundress. Press conferences in those days at the Stadium Club had free hot lunches for media, cut out as the 2000s proceeded.
Carol Haddon and I then made our way through the narrow box-seats aisle around from right field, most of the ushers greeting Haddon after their off-season parting like the long-absent friend she is. We passed the location of her original seats by the visitors' on-deck circle. Haddon made many big-league friends there, including Ozzie Smith and Pete Rose.
Hit King Rose who was very skilled at tennis and was an avid doubles player Rose along side his agent-attorney Reuven Katz. Haddon was an athlete, too, having been a mid-1950s tomboy playing football against the guys. She could also handle a racket. On a trip to Cincinnati, Haddon and a partner matched up against Rose and Katz on the court. They lost. Of course there was a re-match. Haddon and Co. won.
Rose might have been Haddon's all-time No. 1 favorite if he had not held out so long admitting his gambling sins.
Other favorites were outfielder Garry Maddox, who came out to watch daughter Julie Haddon's New Trier softball game, and Cubs-turned-Giants-turned-Pirates third baseman Bill Madlock.
"Playing third base, Bill could always find me (by the visitors on-deck circle) because I was the darkest person there — I always tanned," she said.
Haddon lost her on-deck circle vantage point in the mid-2000s. Amid the first 3 million attendance Wrigley Field season, the Cubs of course lusted after more pricey seats. The team build Rows A, B and C in front of Haddon's Row 1. She had the choice of maintaining her $40-per-game seat or upgrading to $250 a game buckets.
Carol Haddon is shown by Fox cameras with a little watery anticipation of a Cubs World Series trip in 2016
"I wrote (then-business chief) Mark McGuire and (president) Andy MacPhail," Haddon recalled. McGuire at least respected her seniority. He called back soon and Haddon was quickly re-located in the first row behind the Cubs dugout. She was a bit cramped initially, but she got to know a bevy of players who'd stand up watching the action a few feet in front of her. Haddon now pays $13,000 a year for each seat, a fraction of the price of the new Club 1914 section across the aisle.
From that viewpoint, Fox cameras spotted Haddon with eyes glistening standing on Oct. 22, 2016 as the Cubs were about to book their first World Series trip in her tenure as a fan. The prime-time shot was the proverbial picture saying a thousand words, all you needed to know about the life of a Cubs fan starting out in the mid-20th century.
Now, on an April weekday with pleasant temperatures at game time, Haddon wanted to take a better measure of her seats next to the re-built dugout, Row 1, Seats 103-104.
Her viewpoint is above the camera where NBC Sports and WGN's cameras show the ground-level home-plate shot. Cubs photographer Steve Green also is stationed in the well. Newly constructed netting protects the seats from foul liners. When someone in the well wanted to flip a foul ball up to the folks behind us, they did an underhanded toss to clear the bottom of the netting up over our heads.
No wonder Cubs players and manager Joe Maddon had some issues with the final construction of the long, deep dugout. The floor is seven steps down from the field, the south entrance below us relatively narrow with handrails on each side. Perched with one foot on the third step, the top of Maddon's head was even with the top of the low fence protecting the dugout.
Haddon caught Maddon's eye in greeting for a second just before the first pitch. He's a good Joe with longtime fans. "I was so shy," she said of her younger days, but Haddon has gotten over such reluctance. "Anthony, I miss you!" she yelled at a disabled first baseman named Rizzo when he got within earshot. And when Javy Baez briefly appeared in the well, Haddon called out, "Javy, that was a nice day," meaning his two-homer outburst the night before. Baez did not look up.
The new dugout is so big third-base coach Brian Butterfield stood just a few feet from the top of the steps. When he moved toward home plate as a runner churned toward third, fans in the Club 1914 seats could literally reach out and touch him. On this day, with the best weather forecast of the opening week at Wrigley Field, less than half the seats, stretching around home plate toward the visitors' dugout, were filled. The absent fans reminded of field-hugging, unoccupied $2,000-per-seats at Yankee Stadium at the bottom of the Great Recession in 2009. Even the super-wealthy will pick their spots to watch live baseball in the 21st century.
Someone in the game-production department watched a vintage-1969 home-run video. When Kyle Schwarber homered against the Pirates, a '69-style WGN simple "Hey Hey" graphic quickly grew larger as Schwarber rounded the bases as if Jack Brickhouse was yelling his home-run call.
Unlike her '69 favorite aces, Haddon does not go the distance. She bails after the eighth inning to beat traffic. That provided me an opportunity to check around. All the construction has provided an unusual exit strategy for box-seat fans. Going into a tunnel, the fan walks down some steps, goes on an even plane for a few feet with mysterious doorways spotted, then goes upstairs to the main concourse.
Once the game ended, traffic is blocked off on both Clark and Addison for a time period post-game, for security reasons. Most shocking site were at least two Chicago police officers in battle gear cradling automatic weapons in the middle of Clark. Concrete blocks also are set up along the north side of Addison next to the ballpark to prevent cars from jumping the curb. Terrorism is on everyone's mind.
But the cops' fears are not allayed just keeping cars away from the ballpark on both the arterial streets and the ugly parking lot-turned-into-the Park-At-Wrigley. One officer pointed at the new luxury Hotel Zachary on the west side of Clark and shook his head. Apparently, all the open windows, balconies and ledges provide a new risk, from idiots dumping objects onto the street at the least to the unthinkable worst.
Suddenly, one had the feeling of wanting to walk in with Haddon on her first game in 1971, when she paid $3.50 for her seat, the cops merely directed traffic outside and 24-win Cy Young Award winner Fergie Jenkins completed 30 of his 39 starts, including six complete-game losses. This was future shock.
Category Chicago Baseball History Feature Tags Carol Haddon, Chicago Baseball History, Chicago Cubs, Pete Rose, Wrigley Field
← 45,777 jammed Wrigley Field for Cubs' 1978 home opener like few other first games
Daily WGN Cubs-Sox baseball telecasts in 1948 spurred TV's growth →


text:
Three people are dead this morning and the Las Vegas Strip remains shut down in several directions after a shooting and a car fire on Las Vegas Boulevard and Flamingo.
Sgt. John Sheahan says five vehicles were involved in the crash, including a taxi that burst into flames and killed two people around 4:30 a.m. Thursday at Flamingo and Las Vegas boulevards.
Sheahan says shots were fired from an SUV at a Maserati, then the Maserati hit the taxi.
The Maserati driver, the taxi driver and a taxi passenger were killed.
Three other vehicles were involved in the wreck, but Sheahan says the SUV was gone when police arrived.
Four people were sent to UMC, including a passenger from the Maserati. Three have been treated and released.
Family members say the Desert Cab driver killed in the explosion was Michael Bolden, who was in his 60s.
Las Vegas Boulevard north of Tropicana and south of Harmon is closed because of the investigation. Portions of Flamingo also are closed.
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http://www.mynews3.com/content/news/story/Three-dead-on-Strip-after-shooting-collision-with/0_u6ktW-J0SP8YV_mErGdA.cspx
Filed Under: Criminal Defense Attorney Las Vegas, Criminal Defense News Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Las Vegas Legal News, Legal News
Tagged With: criminal defense attorney las vegas, criminal defense news las vegas, las vegas legal news
New Law: Wrongful Convictions


text:
Walter Taylor Reveley III (born January 6, 1943) is an American legal scholar and former lawyer. He served as the twenty-seventh president of the College of William & Mary. Formerly Dean of its law school from August 1998 to February 2008, Reveley was appointed interim president of William & Mary on February 12, 2008 following Gene Nichol's resignation earlier that day, and was elected the university's 27th president by the Board of Visitors on September 5, 2008. While president, Reveley continued his service as the John Stewart Bryan Professor of Jurisprudence at the law school.

Reveley's areas of academic specialty include the constitutional division of authority between the President and Congress over the use of American armed force abroad, administrative and energy law, and the role of the citizen lawyer. He is the author of the 1981 book War Powers of the President and Congress:  Who Holds the Arrows and the Olive Branch?. He co-directed the National War Powers Commission in 2007–09.

Career
Reveley graduated with an A.B. in politics from Princeton University in 1965 after completing a senior thesis titled "Between North and South: The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development." He then received his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law School in 1968. He has honorary doctorates from Hampden-Sydney College, King University and the College of William & Mary. He is a member of Phi Beta Kappa, Order of the Coif, and ODK.

Reveley was an assistant professor of law at the University of Alabama in 1968–69. He clerked for Justice William J. Brennan at the United States Supreme Court in 1969–70. In 1972–73, he studied the war powers as a Fellow of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. and an International Affairs Fellow of the Council of Foreign Relations in New York City.

Before joining William and Mary, Reveley practiced law for almost three decades at Hunton & Williams, specializing in energy and environmental matters, especially regarding commercial nuclear power. He was the managing partner of the firm for nine years during a time of significant growth in its national and international reach.

Reveley has served on many cultural and educational boards, including those of Princeton University, Union Presbyterian Seminary, St. Christopher's School, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the Presbyterian Church (USA) Foundation, the Oak Spring Foundation, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, JSTOR, the Richmond Symphony, the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the Virginia Historical Society, and the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities.

Three Successive generations of the Reveley family have been presidents of schools in Virginia. Reveley's father, W. Taylor Reveley II, was president of Hampden-Sydney College from 1963 to 1977. His son, W. Taylor Reveley IV, became president of Longwood University in March 2013.

Reveley retired as William & Mary's president on June 30, 2018. He was succeeded by Katherine Rowe, the first woman to lead William & Mary since its founding in 1693.

See also
 List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Seat 3)

References

External links
Full biography
National War Powers Commission
Reveley Reflects on Past Decade

1943 births
Living people
College of William & Mary faculty
Law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States
Deans of law schools in the United States
People from Churchville, Virginia
Presidents of the College of William & Mary
Princeton University alumni
University of Virginia School of Law alumni
Virginia lawyers
American male writers
20th-century American lawyers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
package com.foc.business.workflow.map;

import com.foc.Globals;
import com.foc.desc.FocDesc;
import com.foc.gui.FListPanel;
import com.foc.gui.FPanel;
import com.foc.gui.FValidationPanel;
import com.foc.gui.table.FTableView;
import com.foc.list.FocList;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class WFTransactionConfigGuiBrowsePanel extends FListPanel {

	public WFTransactionConfigGuiBrowsePanel(FocList focList, int viewID){
		super("Assignement", FPanel.FILL_BOTH);
		FocDesc focDesc = WFTransactionConfigDesc.getInstance();
		if(focDesc != null){
			if(focList == null){
				focList = WFTransactionConfigDesc.getList(FocList.LOAD_IF_NEEDED);
			}
			if(focList != null){
				WFTransactionConfigDesc.completeList(focList, Globals.getApp().getCurrentCompany());
				setFocList(focList);
				FTableView tableView = getTableView();

				tableView.addColumn(focDesc, WFTransactionConfigDesc.FLD_TRANSACTION                            , false);
				tableView.addColumn(focDesc, WFTransactionConfigDesc.FLD_TRANSACTION_TITLE_PROPOSAL             , true );
				tableView.addColumn(focDesc, WFTransactionConfigDesc.FLD_TRANSACTION_TITLE                      , true );
				tableView.addColumn(focDesc, WFTransactionConfigDesc.FLD_MAP                                    , true );
				tableView.addColumn(focDesc, WFTransactionConfigDesc.FLD_DEFAULT_AREA                           , true );
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				tableView.addColumn(focDesc, WFTransactionConfigDesc.FLD_PROMPT_FOR_APPROVE_UPON_VALIDATION     , true );
				tableView.addColumn(focDesc, WFTransactionConfigDesc.FLD_CODE_PREFIX_USE_SITE_PREFIX            , true );
				tableView.addColumn(focDesc, WFTransactionConfigDesc.FLD_CODE_PREFIX_TRANSACTION_PREFIX         , true );
				tableView.addColumn(focDesc, WFTransactionConfigDesc.FLD_CODE_PREFIX_TRANSACTION_PREFIX_PROPOSAL, true );
				tableView.addColumn(focDesc, WFTransactionConfigDesc.FLD_CODE_PREFIX_NUMBER_OF_DIGITS           , true );
				construct();
				tableView.setColumnResizingMode(FTableView.COLUMN_AUTO_RESIZE_MODE);

				FValidationPanel validPanel = showValidationPanel(true);
				if(validPanel != null){
					validPanel.addSubject(focList);
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				showAddButton(false);
				showRemoveButton(false);
				showEditButton(false);
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}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


If you ask teachers to say the two main reasons why they chose their profession, many will say, "July and August."
But not me. I embrace the job and have a zillion more important reasons, including "making a difference." I do enjoy the summers off yet still feel the need to be productive.
With the summer approaching, I am thinking of solid ways of being productive when I am off. I can think of nothing more productive than purchasing a metal detector and striking it rich from the buried treasures found on beaches.
By my calculations, if I buy a Kellyco Hybrid Cobra beach metal detector for $449.95, then I will easily make back my initial investment in 2 years, 9 months. If I had a glorious Kellyco beach metal detector, I would find approximately $0.45 per day, as long as I put eight hours into metal detecting each time. Assuming I did that every day (including the school year) for 2 years, 9 months, I would recoup my $449.95. Then, in the next July and August, I would metal detect every day and earn $27.45. That's what I call easy money!
Whenever I run across something too good to be true, I must take a step back and wonder if what I have discovered is truly that special. After doing the math, thinking through things slowly and clearly, I must say that metal detecting on beaches is the way to go.
If you ever happen to see a metal detecting beach guy, it is obvious. Look at the chap's countenance. Yeah, it's true. He's got the world figured out.
Give me just three years. Expect my skin to turn leathery from being on beaches for eight hours per day. But bank account, get ready. Here comes $27.45!
I say if you have determination then you will succeed.
I agree, determination is the key to success.


Amazingly, this lively revival of Maggie May is the first professional London production since its original staging in 1964. Inspired by an eighteenth-century Liverpool folksong about a local prostitute that had been carried round the world by mariners and then taken up by skiffle groups in the 1950s (Rod Stewart's song is not related), Owen and Bart created their own version of the story.
As a child, Maggie loved a lad called Patrick Casey, son of a docker union activist who died after being run down by mounted police. Patrick went off to sea and out of her life but not from her heart. When he returns years later, poverty has forced her into prostitution but he's not been forgotten for, all of her clients, she calls Casey. Their love is rekindled, though there is no happy ending and this isn't just a love story.
Owen has introduced a union official who's just been on a trip to Rome on union expenses, class division and conflicting faiths: he knows his own Liverpool background. Bart provides an eclectic score that ranges from an opening ballad to a rousing sea shanty, from a lullaby to a rock dance number, though the chorus songs are the more memorable.
Maggie May presents a grey world. Director Matthew Iliffe presents it in the raw with no attempt to romanticise or glamorise. It is staged in traverse with Verity Johnson's set offering a brick wall on one side and a monochrome view of the docks on the other and both lined with black cranes, plus some wooden crates and a clothes line. Aaron Cavanagh's milkman, whose skint customers can only afford to buy half pints, gloomily sings "Shine You Swine" in the forlorn hope of some sunshine.
The opening ballad isn't helped by putting the singer's face largely in shadow, but Jonathan Simpson's hazed lighting creates a strong atmosphere in this small space into which choreographer Sam Spencer-Lane somehow fits a dozen leaping and kicking dancers.
Maggie's red dress is one spot of colour in the show and Kara Lily Hayworth gives her a confident personality that shines bright in the gloom, though she never plays for sympathy. With half the audience behind her, sharper diction and more projection would sometimes be helpful but in full voice she sounds splendid and James Darch as Patrick matches her well, very touchingly when they duet.
There is another very strong performance from Michael Nelson as Judder Johnson, who befriends Casey and urges him to take lead as his father did, but, when Patrick discovers the shipment they are loading is weapons for an oppressive South American government and calls for withdrawal of labour, falters in his support.
David Keller gives Old Dooley a gritty reality, with Euan Bennet as his son, joined by Barnaby Taylor's TC and the rest of the company, firing things up with the ensemble "Dey Don't Do Dat T'Day" the younger generation's spurning of old ways.
It doesn't all work: the stylisation of the labourers' work with dockers carrying small wooden crates in front of them and passing them backwards and forwards seems a contradiction of the harsh reality that otherwise drives the show, but you have to admire the precision with which they do it.


text:
Novavax Covid Vaccine seeks FDA Approval
Novavax, Inc., a biotechnology company, has submitted a request to the FDA to grant Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) to their own Covid vaccine. The Novavax Covid vaccine, NVX-CoV2373, is a protein-based Covid-19 vaccine meant for vaccination in individuals 18 years and above. This is coming after Pfizer filed an approval request for the first-ever vaccine for children under 5 years.
Novavax submitted the request after the vaccine proved safe, with an efficacy of close to 90% in two large clinical trials. The pivotal Phase 3 clinical trials conducted by Novavax – PREVENT-19, which involved over 30,000 participants in the US and Mexico. The other trial involved 15,000 participants in the UK.
In both trials, the vaccine showed efficacy and common side effects such as headache, nausea or vomiting, myalgia, injection site pain, fatigue and malaise. Novavax is also carrying out booster study before they roll out the third doses of the vaccine, and also study on the vaccine for younger individuals between the ages 12-17.
They produced the Novavax Covid Vaccine using recombinant nanoparticle technology. The vaccine contains purified protein antigen, just as the one on the surface of SARS-CoV-2 (the spike protein). When a person receives the vaccine, the immune system sees it as a foreign agent and deploys the T cells and antibodies against it. Eventually, when the vaccinated person encounters SARS-CoV-2, the immune system will recognise the spike protein on the virus and attack it.
See also What you should know about the new Covid-19 Omicron Variant
It also has an adjuvant, a saponin-based Matrix-M, to enhance immune response and increase antibodies that neutralise the virus.
It is available as a ready-to-use liquid formulation. The vial contains ten doses of the vaccine. For the vaccination, two 0.5 ml doses are given intramuscularly (muscles of the upper arm) 21 days apart. The storage temperature is between 2 to 8° C.
According to Novavax, they have the partnership to make sure the vaccine is available worldwide, with an existing partnership with Serum Institute of India, the largest manufacturer of vaccine, by volume in the world
In December 2021, European Medicines Agency granted conditional marketing authorization to Novavax's COVID-19 vaccine Nuvaxovid (NVX-CoV2373). The EMA's human medicines committee (CHMP) evaluated the data and concluded that it met the EU's conditions in terms of efficacy, quality, and safety.
It became the fifth vaccine approved by the EU for protection against Covid-19.
On 3rd Feb. 2022, Novavax announced that the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has granted conditional marketing authorization (CMA) for Nuvaxovid™ COVID-19 Vaccine in the Great Britain. It is the first-ever protein based Covid vaccine in the United Kingdom.
India, South Korea, and Australia have already approved the vaccine for emergency use.
See also Pfizer Seeks Approval for First Ever Covid Vaccine for Kids under 5 years
https://ir.novavax.com/2022-01-31-Novavax-Submits-Request-to-the-U-S-FDA-for-Emergency-Use-Authorization-of-COVID-19-Vaccine
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/ema-recommends-nuvaxovid-authorisation-eu
Categories News Tags covid-19, Novavax
Time Table of the WAPCP 2022 Programme
Full list of Pharmaceutical Companies in Ghana (2023)
Full List of Pharmaceutical Companies in Serbia (2023)
Full List of Pharmaceutical Companies in Slovenia (2023)
Full List of Pharmaceutical Companies in Slovakia (2023)
Full List of Pharmaceutical Companies in Croatia (2023)
Major Health Benefits of Lime (Citrus aurantifolia)
Health Benefits of Bryophyllum Pinnatum (Leaf of Life, Miracle Leaf, or Kalanchoe Pinnata)


text:
Body-mass index and risk of advanced chronic kidney disease: Prospective analyses from a primary care cohort of 1.4 million adults in England
© 2017 Herrington et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Background It is uncertain whether being overweight, but not obese, is associated with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and how the size and shape of associations between body-mass index (BMI) and advanced CKD differs among different types of people. Methods We used Clinical Practice Research Datalink records (2000-2014) with linkage to English secondary care and mortality data to identify a prospective cohort with at least one BMI measure. Cox models adjusted for age, sex, smoking and social deprivation and subgroup analyses by diabetes, hypertension and prior cardiovascular disease assessed relationships between BMI and CKD stages 4-5 and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Findings 1,405,016 adults aged 20-79 with mean BMI 27.4kg/m2(SD 5.6) were followed for 7.5 years. Compared to a BMI of 20 to <25kg/m2 , higher BMI was associated with a progressively increased risk of CKD stages 4-5 (hazard ratio 1.34, 95% CI 1.30-1.38 for BMI 25 to <30kg/m2; 1.94, 1.87-2.01 for BMI 30 to <35kg/m2; and 3.10, 2.95-3.25 for BMI ô35kg/m2). The association between BMI and ESRD was shallower and reversed at low BMI. Current smoking, prior diabetes, hypertension or cardiovascular disease all increased risk of CKD, but the relative strength and shape of BMI-CKD associations, which were generally log-linear above a BMI of 25kg/m2, were similar among those with and without these risk factors. There was direct evidence that being overweight was associated with increased risk of CKD stages 4-5 in these subgroups. Assuming causality, since 2000 an estimated 39% (36-42%) of advanced CKD in women and 26% (22-30%) in men aged 40-79 resulted from being overweight or obese. Conclusions This study provides direct evidence that being overweight increases risk of advanced CKD, that being obese substantially increases such risk, and that this remains true for those with and without diabetes, hypertension or cardiovascular disease. Strategies to reduce weight among those who are overweight, as well as those who are obese may reduce CKD risk, with each unit reduction in BMI yielding similar relative reductions in risk.