In a civil lawsuit, you're either the person who filed the lawsuit (the Plaintiff) or the one that the lawsuit was filed against (the Defendant). If you're the Plaintiff, then the only point to filing a lawsuit is to try to win it. An experienced civil litigation attorney can help your chances of winning a lawsuit by gathering together all the relevant documentation and evidence before the lawsuit is filed in order to properly build your case.
If you're the Defendant, then you want to try to make the lawsuit go away as fast as possible. The Defendant is a stressful position to be in in a lawsuit because unless you can forcibly make the lawsuit go away, then the Plaintiff is in control of the lawsuit and moving it forward. An experienced civil lawsuit attorney may be able to get the lawsuit to go away through a Motion to Dismiss, Motion for Summary Judgment, or victory at trial.
The Columbus, Ohio based law firm of Harris & Engler has experienced litigators who help clients file or defend lawsuits in Columbus, Delaware, and greater Central Ohio.
If you've been named as a Defendant in a lawsuit, then you need an attorney, plain and simple. There are a few options at an experienced litigators disposal for trying to win a lawsuit outright for the Defendant. First, if there is some procedural or technical error with the Complaint, then an attorney can file a Motion to Dismiss the lawsuit.
If a Motion to Dismiss is not appropriate or unsuccessful, then the next step that an experienced litigator would do is conduct discovery (forced exchange of information and evidence) with the opposing party in order to build the Defendant's case. Then, if it is appropriate to do so, the attorney can file a Motion for Summary Judgment. A Motion for Summary Judgment can only be filed when there is no dispute about the facts of the case, just the law. For example, if the crux of the case is that the Plaintiff says that Sally caused the car accident and the defense says that Sally wasn't even in the car, then that is a material dispute of fact and the case cannot be resolved through summary judgment. If a Motion for Summary Judgment is either not appropriate or unsuccessful, then the next way to potentially end the case is through settlement.
If both parties are able to reach an agreement amongst themselves, then there is no reason to proceed further in litigation. A good litigator is also a highly skilled negotiator. If negotiations fail to produce the desired result, then the only next step is to try the case.
A civil case can be tried in front of a jury or it can be a bench trial where it is decided by a Judge. Usually it is the Plaintiff that decides whether it will be a jury trial or not, but the Defendant can also request a jury trial.
A lot of the steps are similar or the same for winning a case as a Plaintiff as they would be with a Defendant, except that the first step for the Plaintiff might be winning the lawsuit through Default Judgment. If the Defendant does not file an answer to the Complaint, then the Plaintiff can file a Motion for Default Judgment and win everything they asked for in the Complaint.
Beyond that, the process is the same, in that the Plaintiff will conduct discovery, file a Motion for Summary Judgment, if appropriate, to win the case, negotiate, if appropriate, or just take the case to trial.
Only an experienced civil litigation attorney gives you the best chance to win your case. The law firm of Harris & Engler represents either Plaintiffs or Defendants in Columbus, Delaware, and greater Central Ohio.
The attorneys at Harris & Engler have vast experience helping both Plaintiffs and Defendants with their lawsuits in the Columbus, Delaware, and greater Central Ohio area. The litigators at Harris & Engler know that for a Plaintiff, the case is built up front before filing suit and during discovery after a lawsuit is filed in order to build your case in the best position possible for success. For defense of a lawsuit, a number of different strategies and tactics can be used. It is usually the goal of Defendants to make the lawsuit go away as quickly and as cheaply as possible.
Whether you are a Plaintiff or Defendant, if you'd like to consult with an experienced civil litigation lawyer, you can speak to one today by calling Harris & Engler at (614) 610-9988.
Attorney Evan T. Engler helps personal injury victims in Columbus and across Ohio recover for their injuries suffered due to the negligence or wrongdoing of others. If you or a loved one has suffered personal injuries due to an auto accident or other type of tragic accident due to machinery failure or dangerous conditions on property, then you would be best served by retaining the services of a good personal injury attorney.
The Columbus, Ohio based law firm of Harris & Engler has experienced personal injury attorney and partner Evan T. Engler who has extensive experience helping clients in Columbus and all around Ohio recover top dollar for their injuries. Every case is different because the circumstances and injuries are unique to each individual and each accident. With that, you need a personal injury attorney who is focused on you, your specific needs, and your specific injuries so that you can get the best results.
Results matter, both to you, and the personal injury law firm of Harris & Engler. When your livelihood is at stake, you can't afford to get anything but the best results. Personal injury attorney Evan T. Engler works with his clients and doesn't stop until the best possible results are achieved.
Pesonal injury attorney Evan T. Engler helps clients obtain compensation for car accident and truck accident cases, wrongful death and survivorship cases, injuries caused by mechanical failure or dangerous conditions on property, and for brain and spine injury cases.
If you would like to speak with a personal injury attorney, then you can call Evan T. Engler today at (614) 610-9988.
Most people in Ohio go through life without ever having to deal with a civil lawsuit. If you've gotten to the point to where you're thinking about whether you should file a lawsuit, or you've had a lawsuit filed against you, you may be wondering what you might be in for. A lawsuit is an unnerving process for the parties involved and there is usually a lot hinging on the outcome. Talking to a lawsuit attorney near you, before it is too late in the litigation process, can help to ease some of your stress and worry.
In a lawsuit, you are either the Plaintiff or the Defendant. If you're doing the suing, then you're the Plaintiff. If you're the one being sued, the you're the Defendant. You can read more about defending yourself against a lawsuit here.
Most people want to file a lawsuit because they've been wronged in some way and they are seeking monetary compensation to right that wrong. Depending on the type of lawsuit you have, you may need a different kind of lawyer and that lawyer may charge differently depending on the type of lawsuit (contingency v. hourly). Most plaintiff side personal injury attorneys charge on a contingency fee basis, which means that you pay nothing up front and the attorney fee is contingent upon and taken out of the settlement or judgment. For contract or property disputes, depending on the specifics, most attorneys would charge by their hourly rate and require an up front retainer. The attorneys at Harris & Engler handle personal injury, contract, and property related lawsuits, among others. You can call the law firm of Harris & Engler by calling (614) 610-9988 to talk about your case and to ask about fees. You may also be wondering what you might be in for if you decide to file a lawsuit in Ohio.
Is it Worth it to File a Lawsuit?
One thing that you should try to calculate before filing a lawsuit is whether it will be financially worth it to do so. The cost of a lawsuit is going to vary dramatically depending on whether you are paying your attorney fees hourly or on a contingency basis. Please keep in mind that it is usually just personal injury lawsuits where the attorney fees are on a contingency fee basis. Sometimes for personal injury cases you have to file a lawsuit just to protect against the statute of limitations or to get the best result.
In general, with the breach of contract and property dispute lawsuits, you are going to be putting down a retainer to pay your attorney hourly. The attorneys at Harris & Engler help people all over Ohio decide whether to file a lawsuit or not. To be worth it, you've got to make sure that the potential amount of money that you might get from the lawsuit is more than you might have to pay in litigation expenses to get there. You also want to make sure that you're OK with being onboard the rollercoaster ride that can be a lawsuit.
The wheels of justice turn slowly. A lawsuit just plain takes a long time. It depends on what court you are in, but if you go all the way to a trial, then a lawsuit can take anywhere from 6 months to 3 years to come to a conclusion. There are some good aspects of having a lawsuit take so long and that is that the costs of litigation are at least spread out over time.
You will lose some privacy. When you are a party to a lawsuit, you may get asked questions that seem like intrusions on your privacy. Sometimes you just have to answer those questions anyways.
There are ups and downs. Usually with longer term litigation, there are a lot of small wins or small losses along the way to the final outcome. Ultimately, the final outcome is all that really matters, but there may be small motion battles going on in the lawsuit process prior to that final outcome.
What it all boils down to is that you want an experienced litigation attorney to handle your lawsuit in order to give you the best shot for the best outcome. The attorneys at Harris & Engler are experienced civil litigation attorneys who can help you navigate through a lawsuit and towards the best possible outcome. If you'd like to talk to a civil lawsuit attorney about your case, then please call Harris & Engler at (614) 610-9988. The law firm of Harris & Engler is located in Columbus and it's attorneys help clients with lawsuits all over Ohio.
Some of the most common disputes and types of lawsuits that the attorneys at Harris & Engler deal with are between homeowners and contractors. Home repairs and remodels are expensive and the stakes are high when you are dealing with a potential screw up. There are generally two instances where a homeowner is hiring a contractor: (1) with homeowners insurance after an event triggering a homeowners insurance claim; or (2) on the homeowner's own dime for something that needs fixed or improved around the house.
Whether homeowners insurance is involved or not makes for a completely different experience on the part of the homeowner. When a homeowner hires a contractor on their own dime, the process is a bit more straightforward and there are usually less people involved.
The simplest thing to keep in mind when hiring a contractor is to hire a contractor that is "licensed, bonded, and insured." If you hire a contractor that is not properly qualified and that contractor screws something up with your home, such as, removes a load bearing wall that collapses the roof, then that screw up is not likely to be covered by your homeowners insurance. So the only place that you can look to for the money to fix the roof is the contractor themselves. If that contractor is not properly bonded or insured then that means that they've got no money to fix the roof and you will have to pay for it youself.
In Ohio, in order to do plumbing or electrical work you must have a valid license to and be registered with the county or smaller municipality. In Columbus, the city requires general contractors to have a license to do work in the city limits, as well as licenses for plumbers and electricians. Some contractors have mutliple licenses. Some contractors have no licenses, but do the work anyways. There is case law that supports that unlicensed contractor work (where a license is required) constitutes fraud. As a practical matter, it can be relatively expensive and somewhat difficult for contractor to get proper licensure and post a bond with the City of Columbus. For homeowners, this is actually a good thing. If a contractor does not have the resources to post a bond and get licensed with the City of Columbus, then they will not have the resources to fix the hole in your roof if they remove the wrong support beam. Homeowners can save themselves a lot of pain and heartache by simply getting a licensed, bonded, and insured contractor.
The City of Columbus and certain other municipalities around Ohio require a permit before starting any residential construction or remodeling projects. The City may require inspections during and at the completion of projects in order to make sure that things were done in accordance with applicable housing and building codes. One thing to keep in mind is that housing and building codes are always being updated and always being improved as the years go on. When a homeowner does a construction or remodeling project it must be completed in accordance with current housing and building codes. So if you have a house that was built in the 1950's, then whatever construction you do has to be done in accordance with today's standards, not 1950's standards. This can sometimes make construction, especially electrical work, on older homes more expensive.
Another thing to keep in mind as a homeowner is that you want a written contract and you want a written estimate. A lot of contractors seem to forget about the initial contract for the engagement of their services, so this seems to be pretty common but it can also be a red flag. In order to best protect yourself as a homeowner it is best to have a written contract.
Second, you should always have a written estimate for the work you intend to be done. That estimate should accurately reflect getting all the work done you intend to have done with the quality of materials that you intend. If the estimate does not reflect this, then get it corrected. Also keep in mind that it is common for estimates in price to be exceeded, but this should also be documented. If you change your mind about one aspect of the project and want something else (which could change the cost), then get it documented. The best way to do this is in an email. If you have a phone or in person conversation about it, then follow up that conversation with an email that says something to the extent of "just to confirm our earlier conversation, I agreed to do x ..." As a homeowner, your primary means of communication should be through email. If your contractor does everything over the phone, then follow everything up with an email. If your contractor does not use email, then demand a hard copy writing. The point is, an attorney can much more easily help you in case things go wrong if you have a good paper trail.
Most of the time when you have to file a claim with your homeowners insurance company it is the result of some bad and unfortunate event. Most of the time the homeowner is pretty frazzled and does not know what to do, does not know what their insurance company is supposed to do, and does not know who is supposed to find the contractors and what they are supposed to do. The attorneys at Harris & Engler have dealt with these situations before and can help you through the process.
First, your relationship with your insurance company is wholly governed by contract - your insurance policy. What is a covered claim and what is excluded is governed by your contract. Whether things are supposed to be replaced like new or at a fair market value is controlled by your contract. However, contracts are written words that are subject to interpretation. Your insurance company might interpret things in a way that is favorable to the company, but the law in Ohio requires that where there is any ambiguity in the language of the contract, then it must be interpreted in favor of the homeowner (interpreted against the drafter). If things get to the point to where you think something should be covered under the insurance policy and the insurance company does not think it should be covered, then that is the time to get an attorney involved.
Second, the homeowner is in charge of picking the contractors. The insurance company's obligation is to pay for the things that it is required to pay for under the insurance policy. The homeowner's obligation is to find the contractors to fix the things that need to be fixed. Part of what the contractor will do is prepare an estimate and submit it to the insurance adjuster. The adjuster will have the obligation to approve or disprove the proposed scope of work and then cut the checks in order to pay for those things. The homeowner is in the best position when those checks are written to the homeowner and then the homeowner pays the contractor in portions as the work is completed.
One thing to keep in mind is that if you have a mortgage, which is likely, then your mortgage company may also be involved in the process and they may send their own people out to look at the property, see what needs to be done, and see that it gets done. Your mortgage company has a security interest in your home and it is in their interest that their investment (your home) is protected. Your insurance company may have an obligation to write all checks jointly payable to you and your mortgage company. Your mortgage company may have some stipulations in place before those funds are released. There are many more parties involved in a home construction issue when there is a homeowners insurance claim involved. However, the thing that the homeowner should keep in mind is that they are ultimately the ones responsible for seeing that what needs to be done gets done.
In the case of payment to contractors, a homeowner never wants to make payment in full until the work is done in full. If there are still things that need to be done, then there is no incentive for the contractor to finish those things if they've already been paid in full. It is customary for the contractor to be paid in stages, at certain percentage thresholds of completion. If a contractor needs to purchase materials, then they obviously will need that money up front to purchase the materials. However, each stage of work should be completed fully before that stage is paid for fully.
In most cases where there is a mortgage and a homeowners insurance claim, then payment works like this: the contractor prepares an estimate for services and provides it to the homeowners insurance adjuster for approval of the funds, the insurance adjuster approves the funds and writes a check jointly payable to the homeowner and the mortgage company. Most of the time the mortgage company will have some control and stake over the process, but every situation is unique. Generally, a homeowner should keep in mind that it is their house and homeowners should keep in mind that they are in control of the process. The homeowner should oversee the estimate to make sure that it accurately reflects what should be done, the homeowner should make sure that the payment is disbursed from the insurance company, that the necessary permits have been obtained for the construction to be able to take place, that the mortgage company is aware of the process and that they are signing off on the checks and making sure that the contractor is doing what needs to be done in order to properly fix the house, and the homeowner needs to check up on all the work and make sure that payment is issued in accordance with stages of completion of the project and that the project is moving forward in a timely and efficient manner.
The attorneys at Harris & Engler help homeowners with contractor disputes and lawsuits. The law firm of Harris & Engler is located in Columbus, Ohio, and its attorney help homeowners in Franklin County, Delaware County, and throughout Central Ohio. If you're having a dispute with your contractor or your homeowners insurance company an attorney at Harris & Engler may be able to give you helpful advise about the situation. The attorneys at Harris & Engler deal with these kind of situations at all stages: in the very beginning or once things have already boiled over to a lawsuit. You can call an attorney at Harris & Engler today by calling (614) 610-9988.
If you want to purchase a home by yourself, and you have bad credit, it is not impossible but generally you will have to pay more money for it. This means that you will have to put down a sizeable down payment and pay a higher interest rate. If you are purchasing a home with your significant other, who has better credit than you, then there are other considerations you should make.
If you want to purchase a home with your significant other, and only one of you has good credit, then there are a number of things you should consider in structuring the purchase.
Should You Have One or Both of You on the Mortgage and Deed?
If the person with bad credit is at risk for defaulting on any of their financial obligations, then it is a bad idea to have that person listed on the deed. It is also a bad idea to have someone on the deed and not the mortgage.
If you and your bad-credit significant other can only obtain financing by both co-signing a mortgage loan, then the discussion ends there and you should co-sign the purchase.
If one of you has good enough credit to obtain financing on their own, then there are a few considerations as to the merits of having the bad-credit partner co-sign on the loan and be on the deed.
Generally, it is a bad idea to have someone who has a high liability risk or a high risk of default on the deed to property. It is always a bad idea to have someone on the deed who is not also liable on the mortgage. You want to protect the house, and creditors can attach a lien on real property for unpaid debt obligations and subsequently foreclose on the property to collect the amount owed.
If only one person in the relationship is on the mortgage and deed to the house, then essentially the other person will be just paying the rent. If the person with bad credit is OK with just paying rent, then that can be the end of it. However, there are a few things to think about in order to determine if this is truly fair to both parties.
Are You Creating a Landlord-Tenant Relationship?
If one person to the relationship does not have the credit to obtain mortgage financing, and in turn is not listed on the deed, and they move into the house, then by law a tenancy will be created. Therefore, the person in the relationship who obtained the mortgage financing and is listed on the deed would technically have the duties and obligations of a landlord. This brings on an entirely new set of issues for the relationship, namely, what are the duties and obligations of a landlord and should you make a lease agreement? These questions are only applicable to unmarried couples because married couples have an entirely different set of legal obligations to each other and a lease agreement would be nullified as between married persons.
Will the person not on the deed contribute an amount equal to the person listed on the deed to mortgage payments?
Will the person not listed on the deed contribute to the payment of property taxes?
Will the person not listed on the deed contribute monetarily to the cost of home improvements?
Will the person not on the deed contribute to the purchase of major appliances (such as a stove, refrigerator, and washer/dryer)?
Will the person not on the deed contribute, by their labor, to home improvements? (For example, installation of a deck, finishing the basement).
If you only answered yes to #1 and #2, then you may as well treat the party not on the deed as a tenant and consider their payments to be rent payments. Although it may not be the most fun conversation to have about your relationship, you may want to consider creating (and both of you signing) a lease agreement.
Even if you do not sign a lease agreement, an implied in law lease agreement will be created automatically and the person listed on the deed will be held to the duties of the landlord and the person not on the deed will be held to the duties of a tenant. However, actually creating a lease agreement will force both parties to the relationship to actually be honest each other about each person's rights and obligations with the home. This will avoid any potential confusion and will help in case of any difficulties later on with the relationship. A lease agreement can also be drafted by an attorney to provide for specific things that may be beneficial for you and your partner to get in writing with respect to the house. For instance, you should be aware that only the person/s who are listed on the deed may take a tax deduction for the amount of mortgage interest paid out over the year. This can amount to a large tax refund for one party depending on the circumstances. A specifically drafted lease agreement made just for you and your partner could provide for some sort of trade off because only one of you will be able to receive the tax benefit.
If you answered yes to any of questions #3 - 5, then you should strongly consider a Home Ownership Agreement between yourself and your partner. A Home Ownership Agreement should be considered when both parties to the relationship will be making significant contributions to the home, but only the party listed on the deed will be the legal owner of the property and any equity that accrues to it.
What do you do if one party is making significant improvements to the property but is not listed on the deed?
You can make a contract that provides a way for that person to receive compensation in the event the relationship goes sour. If only one party is listed on the deed, but both parties are splitting the home's expenses equally, then not only is that party missing out on valuable tax deductions, but they are also missing out on any way to get reimbursed for valuable home improvement projects in the event of a breakup. This kind of agreement needs to be reached before you purchase a home.
When purchasing a home together as an unmarried couple it is important to plan for the best but prepare for the worst. There are an infinite number of ways that a Home Ownership Agreement could be drawn up, and truly it should be catered specifically toward you and your partner.
One person may be paying thousands of dollars towards remodeling projects, necessary home repairs, and other things that normally just the landlord would be obligated to do. It would only be fair for this person to have a way to get their money back if they move out of the house in the event of a breakup. This could be provided for in a number of different ways.
You could keep a tally of monetary contributions and labor hours spent on home improvement projects. Then you could provide in a contract that in the event of a breakup, this total is treated as a loan to the person listed on the deed. Repayment of the loan could be handled in a number of different ways as well. This will be a touchy subject because in the event of a breakup, not only will one person have to front all of the costs of home ownership by themselves, but they will have a loan repayment in addition to that. Thus, you could provide that whatever the balance of contributions is, it will be paid back in equal monthly payments over the course of 5 years. But as a practical matter, people do not want to be legally obligated to deal with their ex for 5 years.
An alternative would exist if there was equity in the house, then the party on the deed could take out a second mortgage and pay back the amount of contributions. Or, if market forces increased the value of the property, then the Home Ownership Agreement could provide that the home be appraised within a set amount of time after the breakup, the equity determined based off of the appraisal value and split in half, payable through the attainment of a second mortgage. An additional option would be that one party would get to keep certain collateral upon moving out that would cover the amount of contributions. The possibilities are expansive, but really what you need is a solution that would actually be workable in the event of a breakup.
If you are looking to buy a house with your significant other who has bad credit, you should consider your options. At the very least the two of you should have a practical discussion about what will happen if you break up. In order to protect everybody if the worst case scenario does happen, you should consult with a lawyer and draft a Home Ownership Agreement that lays out each party's rights and responsibilities with respect to the house if you do break up.


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About LiST | Interventions and data sources in LiST | Frequently asked questions
About LiST
The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) estimates the impact of scaling up on maternal, newborn, and child health, and nutrition (MNCH&N) interventions in low and middle income countries. Users - including NGOs, government partners, researchers, project planners and graduate students – have used LiST for advocacy, evaluation, and strategic planning. LiST was developed by the Institute for International Programs at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation - It is housed within Spectrum, a software package maintained by Avenir Health.
LiST calculates changes in cause-specific mortality based on intervention coverage change, intervention effectiveness for that cause, and the percentage of cause-specific mortality sensitive to that intervention. Coverage data come from large-scale household surveys - typically Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) - as well as WHO/UNICEF and the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP). Default effectiveness values come from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, Delphi estimations, and randomized control trials based upon the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) guidelines. Baseline mortality is drawn from country-level estimates from WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division and the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (IGME). These high quality data sources as inputs translate into estimates that can be trusted. Additionally, users who have more recent or better data can easily replace default data with their own. A full explanation of the LiST methodology is explained in a 2013 paper by Walker et al.
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Interventions and data sources in LiST
The full list of data sources, assumptions, and citations from the scientific literature are available in the Help documentation for LiST. This can be accessed by clicking the "Help" button inside the software.
Most data sources are updated on an annual basis, or as frequently as nationally representative household survey data for a given country is made available. The research literature is reviewed frequently to assure all effectiveness assumptions in the software are up-to-date.
The "Data Quality in LiST" webinar provides an overview of data sources and related issues.
Q: Can you help me understand how to use the Lives Saved Tool?
A: There are many resources on our website that explain how to use LiST available here. We also hold occasional training sessions. Please join our mailing list to get notified as they become available.
Q: What types of interventions can be modeled in LiST?
A: The interventions in LiST impact the major causes of neonatal, under-five, and maternal mortality and nutrition outcomes in low and middle income countries. Users can model the impact of family planning and HIV/AIDS interventions through other modules in the Spectrum (FamPlan and AIM, respectively). At this time, it is not possible to use LiST to model intervention impact on chronic diseases, neglected tropical diseases, injuries, and adolescent health.
Q: How can I figure out the definition of an intervention and its effectiveness source?
A: All of the information about the effectiveness can be found in the Help menu. While in the coverage tab, click on the "Help" button in the right hand corner. This menu documents the intervention definition, effectiveness source, and any other notes.
Q: Can LiST be used in high-income countries?
A: No. The Lives Saved Tool is not appropriate to use in high-income settings.
Q: Where do the inputs in LiST come from?
A: Coverage comes from nationally representative household surveys including the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). Mortality rates come from the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN-IGME) and World Health Organization, UNICEF, United Nations Population Fund and The World Bank for maternal. Cause of death estimates are prepared by the WHO Maternal and Child Epidemiology Estimation (MCEE) group.
Q: How can I tell where a particular number in the LiST module comes from?
A: Right clicking on a number in the LiST module and clicking on "Data source" will allow the user to view its data source.
Q: Can LiST be used to model districts, states, etc?
A: Please watch this video to learn more about subnational modeling. The LiST Subnational Wizard has stunting, wasting, and intervention coverage data available for select geographic regions. Data availability varies by DHS/MICS stratification. For example, the 2010 MICS for Afghanistan was sampled at the regional level while the 2015 DHS was sampled at the provincial level, which is a sublevel of the regions in Afghanistan
Q: How can I change an intervention's effectiveness?
A: Users can change effectiveness by clicking on the "effectiveness" tab while in the LiST module.
Q: How do I add an intervention that is not currently in LiST?
A: Please see this presentation.
Q: Can I use a Mac?
A: Spectrum is designed to run on a Windows PC. Please see instructions here for using alternative operating systems on a Mac.
info@livessavedtool.org

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Santo Onofre e Serra do Bouro (oficialmente, União das Freguesias de Caldas da Rainha - Santo Onofre e Serra do Bouro) é uma freguesia portuguesa do município de Caldas da Rainha, com 27,51 km² de área e  habitantes (censo de 2021). A sua densidade populacional é .

História
Foi criada aquando da reorganização administrativa de 2012/2013, resultando da agregação das antigas freguesias de  Santo Onofre e Serra do Bouro, com uma pequena alteração dos limites territoriais com vista a permitir a continuidade territorial da nova freguesia. Tem sede em Santo Onofre.

Demografia
A população registada nos censos foi:

À data da junção das freguesias, a população registada no censo anterior (2011) foi:

Freguesias de Caldas da Rainha

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Purchasing Tektronix and Keithley multi-year calibration plans along with your instrument is the most affordable way to get factory certified calibration over the life of your instrument. Your factory calibration service plan helps protect your business from price increases and budget "surprises". Factory certified calibration even includes return shipping.
1 May be ISO 9001 in specific locations.
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Chicago Tax Firm of the Year
Award International Tax Review
For the third year in a row, Kirkland's Tax Practice Group received the Chicago Tax Firm of the Year award at the International Tax Review Americas Tax Awards in New York. The awards recognize the most innovative tax transactional, structuring, litigation and transfer-pricing work done in North and South America between June 2009 and June 2010.
24 January 2023 Press Release Kirkland Advises Highland Europe in Closing of €1 Billion Fifth Fund


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MADE IN USA CERTIFIED® Registered Trademark Now Available for Products "Made in USA"
Bymadeinusa
Aug 29, 2011 businesswire, Company News, Julie Reiser, Labor day, made in america, made in the usa, Made in USA, Made in USA, made in usa certified, made in usa certified brand, manufacturing, Press Release, products made in usa, Registered Trademark, U.S. Jobs, usa-c
MADE IN USA CERTIFIED® is the only certification word mark registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office for identifying goods "Made in USA"
BOCA RATON, Fla.–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Made in USA Certified, Inc. is the only certification company to receive a registered word mark from The United States Patent and Trademark Office for the purpose of helping consumers identify products that qualify for making the "Made in USA" claim on their product packaging.
"There is a resurgence in all things "Made in USA"
For many years both consumers and companies have been confused on exactly what it means to make the claim "Made in USA". In an effort to clarify, The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued guidelines on the use of "Made in USA." Complying with the FTC Made in USA Standard can be found here: Bureau of Consumer Protection.
Now with the MADE IN USA CERTIFIED® registered trademark #4000789, any company qualifying for the "Made in USA" claim can apply for certification and receive license to use this registered trademark to powerfully market and brand their products. MADE IN USA CERTIFIED® gives consumers the peace of mind that the product they are buying is truly "Made in USA".
"There is a resurgence in all things "Made in USA" and "Made in America". Consumers want local, regional and authentic American items that bring them back to a simpler time in America. A time where Americans took pride in the things that they made, things we made with our hands. People are moving from a place of extreme excess to a place of sustenance and connection. Our MADE IN USA CERTIFIED® brand is that connection that consumers are craving. We give companies a viable way to capitalize on their brand authenticity and maximize their built in equity of being "Made in USA," said President and Co-Founder of Made in USA Certified, Inc., Julie Reiser.
About Made in USA Certified, Inc.:
MADE IN USA CERTIFIED® is the leading non-partisan, independent third party, certification company for the "Made in USA", "Product of USA" and "Service in USA" claims. The USA-C™ Seals show that a company bearing these trust marks has gone through a rigorous supply chain audit to verify compliance with U.S. laws and regulations. Consumers know that when they see theses seals, the claim has been verified, tested and true.
Made in USA Certified, Inc.
Julie Reiser, 561-279-2855
info@usa-c.com
By madeinusa


6inch vanilla cake pictured. Flavor and size are flexible!
Celebrate Chinese New Year in Shanghai with this cute little piggy cake! Flavor and size are flexible!
Celebrate the Spring Festival with this half-dozen deluxe cupcake set reflecting traditional themes during this special time.
Edible images of Chinese traditional paper-cuts for the Year of the Pig! One can be substituted for a company logo.
Edible images of Chinese traditional paper-cuts for Chinese New Year! One of the images can be substituted for a company logo.
Celebrate Chinese New Year in Shanghai with festive cupcakes. Two chocolate and two vanilla cupcakes festively decorated to celebrate the lunar new year. Available through Chinese New Year.
Celebrate Chinese New Year in Shanghai with festive cupcakes. Six chocolate and six vanilla cupcakes festively decorated to celebrate the lunar new year. Available through Chinese New Year.
Wish Gong Xi Fa Cai (Wealth and Propserity) to your family, friends and colleagues!
Cake pops decorated in Red and Gold/Yellow to celebrate the New Year!
Vanilla mini cupcakes with yellow buttercream icing and edible print Fu.
Who doesnt love Minis? Vanilla cake decorated with Chinese New Year colors!
A fun activity for kids and adults during Chinese New Year! 36 small butter cookies.
Cute and festive decorated sugar cookies. The perfect treat for your friends and colleagues during Chinese New Year.


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Let The Mystery Be
Did The Leftovers Finale Answer What Happened to the Departed?
How Damon Lindelof found the perfect bookend to that controversial Lost finale.
By Joanna Robinson
Courtesy of HBO
This article contains frank discussion of Season 3, Episode 8 of The Leftovers, entitled "The Book of Nora." That discussion, along with excerpts of interviews with Damon Lindelof and Tom Perrotta, will spoil not only the finale, but also The Leftovers in its entirety—so enter at your own risk. Got it? Good.
When The Leftovers first premiered on HBO four years after the controversial finale of Lost, there was a strong temptation to mistake Lindelof's new show for something it wasn't. Lost was an early entrant into the increasingly-popular mystery show genre, which sends detail-obsessed viewers chasing theories in a way even Lindelof himself couldn't have seen coming. The impulse to view The Leftovers, based on Tom Perrotta's novel about the aftermath of the disappearance of 2 percent of the world's population, as yet another hatch-and-numbers-based puzzle to solve, was overwhelming. But viewers tuning in for that kind of guessing game were largely baffled by and disappointed in the show's grim first season. As if to make the show's intentions especially clear to that specific audience, Lindelof chose Iris DeMent's "Let the Mystery Be" as the second season's theme song.
But those who stuck with Lindelof, Perrotta, and The Leftovers through the next few years were rewarded with two of the finest, most emotionally rich, and downright entertaining seasons imaginable in the jam-packed era of Peak TV. And as the show came to its planned conclusion this Sunday night, viewers were rewarded once again with something even rarer: a wholly satisfying finale that both provided closure for the questions posed by Season 1 and also, somehow, let the mystery be. Is the answer Nora (Carrie Coon) gives about what happened to the departed 2 percent actually true? Allow the show's creators to set the record straight, possibly.
The Leftovers always had aspects of Lost-esque genre storytelling, particularly in last season's alternate reality/dreamscape of "International Assassin" and this year's companion, "The Most Powerful Man in the World (and His Identical Twin Brother)." Initially, the events of Season 3 threatened to bring the show even closer to the spiritual and sci-fi extremes of the heyday of Lost. Kevin (Justin Theroux) reluctantly explores his fate as some kind of messiah figure, while Nora follows the sci-fi promise of a reunion with her missing husband and kids via a complicated transportation process involving irradiated goo. Both Nora and Kevin's paths required a good deal of faith, but both, ultimately, served as distractions from the real journey, which was the one our heroes were meant to take towards each other.
Nora and Kevin wind up "accepting these [messiah and transportation] narratives," Lindelof told VF.com over the phone, "because that ridiculousness was still easier than them being together in a committed, loving, healthy relationship with one another. That was the meta construct of the entire third season."
The final episode jumps forward in time to fulfill the promise made by the premiere, in which Coon's Nora briefly appeared looking a good deal older. Kevin shows up at her door, after years of separation, and pretends the last three seasons of their grief-stricken will they/won't they never happened. All he wants, he says, is to take her out to a dance. "I don't want to reduce The Leftovers to a love story or a rom-com," Lindelof explains, "but that's what we cared about most. How can people attach themselves to one another and allow themselves the vulnerability of being left by the person they care most about when they're living in a world where that person can disappear in an instant?"
Perrotta, too, referred to the final episode in rom-com terms. "It was amazing to see what Justin Theroux did with the scam that Kevin is offering Nora. 'Let's pretend all the pain that we went through just didn't exist.' It's kind of a wacky romantic comedy conceit, and to see this character who has been so heavy throughout the show try to pull it off is quite moving and surprisingly funny. I think Theroux just found some colors we hadn't seen in him before. Carrie does too when we see Nora tell this possibly insane story with so much conviction."
That "possibly insane story" comes after Nora has reluctantly joined Kevin at the dance (actually a wedding). The number they dance to, Otis Redding's "I've Got Dreams to Remember", is a nice nod to Season 1, Episode 8, where that same song played over Nora's first dinner with the Garvey family. The emotionally fraught dance ends early as Nora rejects Kevin's fantasy-based offer of romance, saying firmly, "it's not true." She then tussles with both a nun and a goat (more on that in a bit) and winds up facing down Kevin one last time as he comes clean and, possibly, so does she.
The story Nora tells Kevin could serve as an answer to what happened all those years ago to the vanished 2 percent of the world's population. Though we, crucially, never see what she describes, Nora tells Kevin she was physically transported by the irradiated goo to another world, where the departed members of the planet were living out their lives, mourning the other 98 percent of the population that disappeared. Nora finds her family, sees she has no place with them and the happily-ever-after they've built, and, eventually, decides to come back to this world and live out her days in anonymity in Australia. Kevin says he believes her—but are we meant to?
This is where Perrotta and Lindelof expertly muddy the waters. As far as narrators on The Leftovers go, Nora is by far the most reliable. We've spent three seasons watching her stubbornly and cynically operate, as Lindelof puts it, as "the exposer of hoaxery and humbuggery." She can't, initially, accept Kevin back into her life in the finale, despite her obvious affection for him, because he refuses to tell her the truth. The story of the 2 percent would sound wholly unbelievable coming from Kevin, Kevin Sr. (Scott Glenn), Matt (Christopher Eccleston), or even Laurie (Amy Brenneman) and John (Kevin Carroll), who opened the season by feeding kind untruths to their traumatized clients.
But our Nora doesn't lie. Unless, of course, she's learned to. Perrotta explains:
When Nora tells this story, she puts both Kevin and the viewer in the traditional position of the person who has been presented with a religious narrative. We have no proof. We have a choice to believe or not to believe. The fact that it comes from Nora does, I think, make it more trustworthy. But from a psychological perspective, we can step back and say, well, maybe what Nora has learned is that life is so hard that sometimes you need a fiction in order to heal it. You can see this as Nora having a psychological breakthrough and telling a story that allows her to be with Kevin. Or you can look at it as Nora being some kind of prophetic figure who has gone to someplace that no one else has been, and with a > > story that can help her and Kevin—or everybody. Or both.
The seeds of Nora longing to, for once, buy into a fiction were sown throughout the season—particularly in Episode 6, when she tells the story of the man who deflated a beach ball at a baseball game she and Matt attended as children. "He just ruined it for all of them," Nora tells her brother and Laurie tearfully. "They just wanted to hit the ball. Why would he want to do that job? Why would anyone?" That speech, Lindelof says, is the moment he felt closest to Nora. "I don't want to deflate the beach ball," he says of his tendency to view the world skeptically. "But I keep deflating it." This, Perrotta, adds, might be Nora finally embracing the "healing fiction." Or as the nun Nora argues with just before reconciling with Kevin puts it: "I'm not trying to sell you anything. It's just a nicer story."
The finale works just as well whether you take Nora's story as true or false. In other words, The Leftovers delivered up the kind of ambiguous ending that has had a bad reputation ever since The Sopranos smashed to black ten years ago. But I'd be surprised to find anyone who stuck with the show this long who was also unsatisfied by the intimate, two-person drama of the show's final moment. And in delivering that Kevin and Nora reunion, Lindelof learned the most crucial lessons he could have from the (disproportionately) negative reaction to the Lost finale. No answer to a mystery of that magnitude was ever going to satisfy viewers, so why not put the focus somewhere else entirely?
Over the course of its eight final episodes, The Leftovers methodically stripped away its entire supporting cast. "We said goodbye to Jill, Meg, and Evie in the first episode. Erica Murphy is gone in the second episode. Laurie has her big episode," Perrotta explains. "We realized the core of this show was this relationship. The season was set up to put them on these journeys that take them as far away as possible from each other and then back together." Even Lost finale lovers would probably agree the cautious pas de deux between Carrie Coon and Justin Theroux was a massive improvement over that show's too-crowded church meeting in the sky.
And speaking of that church: The Leftovers—which has physically manifested a number of Kevin's hallucinations and visions over three seasons—left Nora's alternate-reality family reunion up to the imagination in a way that is much more potent that seeing the literal stained glass surrounding Jack Shephard's spiritual awakening on Lost. This allows for the skeptical Noras of the world to have a completely grounded-in-reality conclusion to The Leftovers if they're so inclined and believers like Matt to have it their way as well. Even Kevin's previous Jesus-esque resurrections are given a potentially rational explanation in an undiagnosed heart condition that has plagued him all his life.
But it wouldn't be a Lindelof episode without at least one passing strange element. And so we come, at last, to Nora's rain-drenched tussle with a goat. This goat, a literal manifestation of the Old Testament concept of the scapegoat, is sent out into the wild earlier in the episode, weighted down with Mardis Gras beads from all the attendees of the wedding Kevin and Nora crash. She later finds the goat frantically bleating in despair as his beads (meant to represent the sins of the wedding party) are tangled in barbed wire.
The finale spends long, agonizing minutes on Nora's desperate, muddy climb up to unburden the goat. She takes the beads on herself, leaning into the hint of both the Season 3 key art and the episode title: "The Book of Nora." It's Nora, not Kevin, who is the true messiah figure of The Leftovers. "I don't mean to say that she has supernatural powers and will come down from the heavens and free us all," Lindelof explains. "A messiah is someone who takes on the pain and sins and suffering of us all, and bears that with great nobility and honor and never complains about it. That's a living messiah or martyr without any of the god-speak attached to it, and that's the story we tried to tell in the finale. I would say Kevin is a false messiah, whereas Nora acts like a true messiah because she holds her suffering with such nobility and so little complaint."
And though Lindelof is inclined to view himself, occasionally, as a cynical, ball-deflating Nora, the highly imaginative stories he tends to weave seem more Matt-esque in their execution. It's those big swings (lion sex cult boat, anybody?) that make him such an irresistible world-builder. But in Perrotta (and the rest of the show's writing staff), it's possible Lindelof found just the right balance to bring The Leftovers back down to earth in time to stick the landing and let the mystery be. "Damon is a wild risk-taker of a storyteller, and I'm the more old-fashioned realist," Perrotta explains of his work on the series. "I got to play the Nora role, and as Nora discovered, it's fun to take a chance and embrace the healing fiction."
Week in Fashion: Gal Gadot Pairs Givenchy with Aldo
By Axelle/Bauer-Griffin/FilmMagic.
While most may not be able to afford the red Givenchy dress Gadot wore to the Wonder Woman premiere, her choice of shoe was a little more affordable. A $50 pair of sandals from Aldo.
How The Leftovers Resurrected Mark Linn-Baker, Again
The onetime star of Perfect Strangers opens up about a running gag that took a darker turn on Sunday's episode.
By Lisa Liebman
The Leftovers Gets Even Weirder in Its Captivating Final Season
The Leftovers is still deep and artful television.
By Richard Lawson
Jennifer Aniston and Justin Theroux Marriage Secrets: No Spoilers
The simple rules of marriage.


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South India AIDS Action Programme
Efficiency Empathy Ethics
Our Theory
Core Capacities
Current Programmes
Pioneering initiatives
Malarkal #weekly updates (27th Jul – 1st Aug)
We continue to provide psychosocial support over phone and reached 11 adolescents and their families during the week. Post relaxations of the lockdown, the chief issue faced by most families in the locality is their inability to pay rent and lead their lives under the threat to be evicted from the house. Out of our interactions, we understood that one family could not manage the situation and was in dire need, and so we have offered to pay Rs.2000 towards rent.
Previous PostPrevious Global Fund Response to Key Population Groups Worldwide
Next PostNext Malarkal #updates from Aug 2020
As an immediate response to COVID 19 crisis situation, we reached out to our core constituencies –(i) adolescent girls and boys and their families in Ernavur, Chennai, (ii) female sex workers across Tamil Nadu state, and (iii) children in institutional care in Ranipet, Vellore district, who have been sent back to their families during this epidemic. Our core objective is to support them with information on COVID 19, counselling, access to food and medicines, and emergency services, if required. We are currently raising funds support for sex workers, adolescents and their families (in slums), and for children in institutional care.
Malarkal - Adolescents program
Malarkal programme aims to reach 2500 adolescents girls and boys, by providing training on nutrition, life skills, sexual and reproductive health, mental health, gender and safety and counselling services in the Tsunami Quarters in All India Radio Nagar, Ernavoor in North Chennai.
Rights of Female Sex Workers
Advocacy to improve access for Female Sex Workers to comprehensive, non-discriminatory confidential SRHR services
Reintegration of Children under institutional care
Strengthening resilience of vulnerable children in care settings to enable successful re-integration with families and communities


The car sharing (or carpooling) idea is not new. About 100 million people drive back and forth to work every day on the United States alone. The energy that is used to transport one person could easily be used to transport four or more, creating huge environmental and economical gains.
In the past most car sharing schemes failed to catch, mostly because it was difficult to match people efficiently.
For more information you can check the GoLoco.org website.


It has taken me long enough to get this done, but finally its finished.
Well, again, by demand, there has been an update of my site. I have added a new section dedicated just to Kris and 'The Gentlemans Club'. If you would like to contact me, click on the link at the bottom of the page. I like to know who has been looking at my site.
These are pictures and links pertaining to my brother Kris and the exclusive Gentlemans Club.
Alex, Matt D, Kris, Duffy, Matt G and Brad after graduation.
Kris waves goodbye to Sunny Corner as him and Heidi drive off into the sunset, never to be seen again.
Kris into the Hermits..naw, I don't think he is my brother.
Kris and Heidi fixing up some breakfast.
Kris and Dave at the Prom.
The Gentlemans Club guide to the types of females.
by those 'friggin feminists'. Read about it below.
CBC Coverage of the Gentlemans Club lawsuit part 1.
CBC Coverage of the Gentlemans Club lawsuit part 2.
CBC Coverage of the Gentlemans Club lawsuit part 3.
These have been collected over the past few years, and are growing as I type this.
Jen with her roomates on her birthday.
Jen and Janel..what a cute couple.
Jason and Scott looking at us, Charles and Carolyn with thier back to us.
The next 5 pictures are from our first roadtrip to Halifax, where we met the two best partiers I have ever seen. Thanks for the good times.
Rick, Jen, Gianna and John.
The CJ incident...if you were there you would understand.
The Following are pictures from aunt Tracys wedding.
The following are pictures of friends, family and good times.
The following are pictures from our trip to Halifax for snowjam. The first 11 are the newest ones scanned. As of May 7, 2003.
A cop, Eric Foran and Carmen Stewart.
Down the line..Eric, Matt, Carmen and Steven.
From Left: Steven Pitre, Jen Morrison, Carmen Stewart, Vanessa Savoie, Matthew Walsh and Jason Turnbull.
Ivan after being tackled at the concert.
Ivan (in the white), Michelle and Steven.
The Following are pictures scanned from the Miramichi leader after the 2001 canoe run.
Matthew, Patrick and Myself, priming up for a long hard day.
Same picture as above, but with the whole newspaper page.
Matt on the front page of the leader.
Same as above, but full newspaper page.
Recently I came across a few pictures that had to be on here. Photo Credits for the following pictures belong to Kimberly at http://www.geocities.com/miramichi_pictures ......Check out her site for some more great pictures.


You're never too old to learn, as they say. Well in this industry they should say you are never too old to stop learning. If you do stop learning, you might never catch up, and then where will you be?
In June, like much of the industry we were at Automechanika Birmingham. As always it was highly illuminating. We are not going to give you a full lowdown on the event here though. If you want that, turn to page 30 where we have all the info you are ever likely to need. There is one aspect of it we would like to cover though – change, and what the impact can be.
During our three days at the show, we noted all the new technology, factoring in electric vehicles and hybrids, as well as all the ongoing developments within the internal combustion engine. EVs and hybrids might take up the column inches, but it is conventional powertrain vehicles that make up the majority on the roads still, and will continue to do so for some time. It might sound like stating the obvious, but it was made very clear that nothing will stay the same forever, so businesses that work on vehicles (that means you, dear readers) need to make sure they keep up to date.
We're not telling you anything you didn't know. It's just one of those situations where you walk through the various halls, and remember that all that development you spend all your year writing about is a tangible thing, that you can go and touch and see.
While we were at the show, we were able to speak to a wide range of industry figures. One tries to stay focused on the key issues in these sorts of interviews, but during our sit-down (on surprisingly comfortable stools considering their vertiginous height) with IMI chief executive Steve Nash, we went a little off-topic. We were supposed to be talking about Automechanika Birmingham, and you can see that in the show feature, but we ended up talking about the history of the sector and where technology is going.
"The IMI will be 100 years old in 2020," said Steve. "There is a real parallel in what was happening then, and what is happening now. 100 years ago, just after the First World War we had seen that natural explosion in technology that wars create. Before the war, cars were very noticablely horseless carriages. By the 1920s you had sophisticated cars, and it was no longer appropriate to have the local blacksmith tending to them, which is what happened. This is why we were set up. It was to try and introduce some professional standards to the industry.
"Fast forward 100 years and we are there again at the quantum point we were then, where the technology is moving rapidly ahead of the people in the industry, and we have got to move rapidly to keep up. I don't think it is appropriate to ask people to engage with potentially lethal high voltage electrics without knowing they are properly equipped and trained."
Steve added: "If you look at Volkswagen, they are quoted as saying that from 2019 they will bring out a new electric vehicle to somewhere within one of their ranges every month. We are moving into a different era, and the skills have got to move with the times."
Move with the times indeed. It's a lot to take in, but no challenge is insurmountable. While the various technological marvels and new products on show might seem too much to deal with, if you make sure you regularly undertake training to develop your skills, you should be able to keep up and get a handle on it all.
Through the show, there were many seminars available for free. Some were in Aftermarket's very own Seminar Theatre, as well as in the various other dedicated venues. Considering the extent of development going on in the sector, we wonder sometimes why these sorts of sessions are not completely overrun by businesses looking to stay up to date. Obviously not everyone can attend, you need to stay up to date.
Continuing professional development (CPD) is something you need to pursue. Training is not just for the young. It is vital for existing technicians, to stay young in mind and attitude.
We regularly talk about training, as regular readers know. We have a standalone section that covers it every month (pages 62-63 in this issue while we have your attention), where we discuss and cover training, both in terms of outcomes and available courses. You don't just need ongoing training because of changes to vehicle construction and engine type either. MOT requirements mean testers need to undertake annual training, and the new MOT regulations that came into force in May have only reinforced this.
Training can take you a long way. We recently held the finals for Top Technician and Top Garage. One thing that we always notice at the semi-finals and the finals of Top Technician is that when you are talking to the contestants, training comes up constantly. They will tell you about all the courses they have been on, and all the skills development they pursue. If they come up across a difficult problem they will research and follow it through to its successful conclusion. Accessing training and looking to find the route case of particularly interesting problems are both goals for participants. CPD is a mantra and a passion here.
This might not always be the best use of time and resources in the moment, but they see it as an investment in the future. It will pay off later for them. Clearly when you are looking at the bottom line and trying to keep pushing forward and push jobs out the door this cannot always be the priority. However, if you can factor this kind of thinking into your day and follow up with training, you will be heading in the right direction.
In the end, it's all investment whether it is a spanking new piece of kit, or training to enable you to work on the latest vehicles. Equipment will always need to be replaced in the end, sad as it is to admit when you have bought the latest doohickey that really will help you, but knowledge breeds knowledge, sparks new ideas, and helps you and your business grow. Put your money where your life is, and get to it.


text:
Airbus A320 Assembly – A truly international effort.
A320 Assembly
Initial production of the Airbus Industries A320 jet airliner was postponed due to a disagreement between the partner
A Tiger Airways Airbus A320
countries; U.K., France and West Germany. Each wanted to have a greater role. These "Work Share Arguments" centered around prestige as well as money. In the end it came down to how willing the respective governments were to subsidise their aerospace companies. In March 1984 an agreement was reached and production began with 96 airplanes ordered from 5 carriers.
The graphic below, courtesy of Airbus, best describes the international collaboration required to produce one A320. From places like; Mobile Alabama to Saint Nazaire France, Hamburg Germany, Getafe Spain, Taijin China, Broughton UK, parts are created to be sent to the various assembly plants. Transportation is by road, roll-on, roll-off ships, train and specially built Beluga air transporters.
The graphic shows the international collaboration required to bring together the Airbus A320.
As with any modern airplane, construction of various components is spread across dozens of companies from many countries around the world. They range from makers of fasteners, adhesives and ball bearings to fuselage sections and wings.
An Airbus A320 for Air China nears completion in the Tianjin, China factory.
To enable the A320 to be quick to market, Airbus have built factories in Toulouse, Hamburg, Mobile Alabama and Taijin China. Toulouse is responsible for assembling A320s, whilst Hamburg assembles A318s, A319s and A321s. Taijin in China produces A319s and A320s, while Mobile Alabama assembles A319s, A320s and A321s, under the name of Airbus U.S. Manufacturing Facility.
The fuselages arrive at the assembly plants by either Beluga aircraft in the case of Hamburg and Toulouse or container ship in the case of Taijin and Mobile. The forward section is built in France whilst the after section is built in Germany. At the assembly plant they are first moved to Station 41 where the two parts are joined together and so the process begins.
From Station 41 the joined fuselage is then moved to either Station 40 or 35 which both perform the same function. The wings that were manufactured in the UK are then joined to the fuselage as are engine pylons, landing gear and other main components. Next the emerging aircraft is moved to a multi purpose bay where internal systems and cabin are installed and fully tested. From here they complete pressure testing, fuel testing, engine installation and run up testing and painting. The aircraft is then test flown and readied for acceptance by the customer.
Wings made in China are attached to the fuselage of the Airbus A320.
The production line of the Airbus A320 in Hamburg, Germany.
An Airbus A320 forward fuselage section is ready to be married to the rear section in Tianjin, China.
The rear section of the Airbus A320 fuselage including the wing box.
A worker adjusting the engine pylon on an Airbus A320 in Tianjin, China.
Airbus A320 forward fuselage sections.
It currently takes 8 months to build a single A320 airplane.
If there is more you want to learn about this airliner, please visit: A320 Specs, A320 Interior, A320 Order Book and A320 History.
6 thoughts on "Airbus A320 Assembly – A truly international effort."
That's great info there
Peter Doornbos
Thanks Adam, there will be more coming soon. Feel free to leave any ideas of what you would like to see here.
Aishatu
Hello there, i am a masters student and am currently doing my thesis research on the A320 Wing Box assembly. If you could share more information about it I would really appreciate it. Thank you in advance.
All the information I have is already displayed. Good luck in your search.
MUBARAK AL SALMI
HAPPY NEW YEAR 2021 ALONG OF MY COMPANY.
HAPPY NEW YEAR 2021.
5 out of 5 stars (based on 1 review)


The ICA, and its predecessor the Asbestos International Association, have been fronting for the global asbestos industry since 1976.3 This group was the nexus between commercial interests and political power; working alongside the Asbestos Institute, later renamed the Chrysotile Institute, the Asbestos Information Association/North America (AIA/NA), the Asbestos Cement Product Producers Association (ACPPA) and the Association of Asbestos Cement Product Producers (AACPP)4, ICA personnel pioneered and disseminated commercial propaganda supporting the use of chrysotile asbestos despite overwhelming evidence that all types of asbestos can cause cancer and respiratory diseases.
It has long been observed that the behavior of asbestos industry spin doctors mimics that of their toxic twins: tobacco lobbyists. That what we are observing in Pakistan and Peru in 2013 is just the latest manifestation of a commercial strategy put in motion over forty years ago is supported by the contents of a 74-page report detailing discussions which took place in 1971 at the First International Conference of Asbestos Information Bodies. A copy of this rarely seen document has been languishing in the IBAS archives for more than 15 years. In light of current revelations about attempts to block asbestos prohibitions in Asia and Latin America, it was felt that it was time to make this document more widely available.11 Statements and reports in this document are extremely informative and a thorough reading is recommended to anyone interested in understanding how a substance acknowledged to be carcinogenic continues to be sold in countries around the world.
Papers circulated at the London meeting on November 24-25, 1971 provide a fascinating insight into the predominant issues being considered by the industry at that time. One of the main themes was Attacks on Asbestos and Our Defenses; ways of manipulating national governments and influencing public opinion were outlined. In Holland, death by committee was an effective way of bogging down proposed restrictions. When a French delegate asked A. R. Kolff van Oosterwijk: "Is there a general public consciousness of the 'risk' [of asbestos] in Holland;" he answered: "I think NOT." In the UK "regular informal discussions between various members of the Factory Inspectorate" and civil servants in the Home Office, the Department of the Environment, the Department of Health and Social Security, the Customs and Excise Department and the Department of Employment ensured that industry's proposals were incorporated into official doctrine.
Today's asbestos lobbyists remain faithful to the vision so clearly set out four decades ago: do what has to be done, at whatever cost, to protect the industry and discredit its critics. The ICA's 2013 letter to the Pakistan authorities is the tip of the iceberg; there can be no doubt that other activities are being conducted to convince politicians, civil servants and decision makers that there is no need to ban chrysotile asbestos in Pakistan. In Thailand, asbestos vested interests are mounting a relentless battle to prevent the Government from fulfilling its two-year old commitment to ban asbestos. In Peru, although the October 2013 deadline is rapidly approaching, government apathy combined with aggressive lobbying by commercial interests could adversely impact on progress. Fortunately for humankind, in the 21st century, industry forces no longer have a stranglehold on national asbestos debates. In Pakistan, Thailand and Peru asbestos victims, public health campaigners and non-governmental organizations are calling for an end to asbestos use. An asbestos-free future is possible!
1 Chrysotile asbestos use is not safe and must be banned. February 22, 2013.
2 Ruff K. Deadly, Deceptive Letter from the International Chrysotile Association. February 25, 2013.
5 The overlap of personnel amongst international and national asbestos lobbying groups is a manifestation of the close links which are fostered amongst global asbestos propagandists. One example of this is the affiliations of Sikander Dada from Pakistan's leading asbestos company: Dadex Eternit. Dada is listed as one of six directors of the Association of Asbestos Cement Product Producers on the 2009, 2010 and 2011 tax returns. On the June 30, 2012 tax returns of Dadex Eternit, Sikander Dada is listed as CEO and director.
6 Kazan-Allen L. Thailand's Asbestos Status Quo: 2013. January 8, 2013.
7 Kazan-Allen L. Who Is Driving Mexico's Asbestos Policy? International Journal of Health Services, 2012; 42, 1: 109–118,.
8 Proyecto de Reglamento de Ley No. 29662, Ley que Prohibe el Asbestos Anfiboles y Regula el Uso del Asbestos Crisotilo [ Draft Rules of Law No. 29662, Asbestos law prohibiting amphiboles and regulating (and banning) the use of Chrysotile asbestos.
9 Alva testified at the Congressional asbestos hearings in Washington D.C. on July 17, 1986.
10 Alva, LC, Chrysotile in Latin America – Perceptions and Facts. Presentation at International Conference on Chrysotile, May 23-24, 2006.
Kazan-Allen L. The Asbestos War. Int J Occup Environ Health 2003;9:173-193.
12 Countries represented in London at this conference were: the UK, Germany, Italy, France, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Holland, Belgium and the U.S.


This exit is available in COBOL and C language.
The enriched data in the Output-Events is kept for the processing applied to the Output-Events and physically written to the output exchange zones.
Note The COBOL version cannot manage interactive Output-Events.
or the session may be closed.
Alphanumeric fields may have different descriptions depending on the programing language and the Latin or UTF-16 format used. For more information, refer to Exits and external calls.
Name of the segment on which the Transformation-Rule was applied.
When you program this exit (TRT_ME section), you must use the L10LISTME table contents to process the information in REC-W8TABME table. For performance reasons, only the table entries that have been processed are reinitialized between two calls.
Content of the Output-Event to be checked and enriched.
This exit can be executed during step T.


Acuity Counseling & Therapy Services – Offered by a private practice of psychologists and registered social workers who provide therapeutic support towards depression, suicide, anxiety, panic, addiction, psychosis, schizophrenia, gender identity etc.
Services: Counseling, Professionals offer a wide range of therapies depending on clients need.
Services: Voluntary assessments, Various treatment services, Day program, Out client clinical services.
Eligibility – Adolescents, ages 13 up to 19 years old, who are harmfully involved with substance, gambling and/ or who have a concurrent disorder (which means a substance use problem and a mental health disorder at the same time).
Nova Scotia Health Authority Provides services for adults who are experiencing significant mental health problems or mental illness.
Services: Addictions support group, Depression support group, Assessment & Referrals.
Eligibility – Adults 19 years and older who have or appear to have a mental health condition or mental illness. Must receive referral before an assessment meeting, which will then determine the referral of another resource.
ReachABILITY offers programs that foster pre-employment skills – such as problem solving, goal setting, and decision-making – and employment opportunities for all Nova Scotians facing the sting of stigma.
Services: Self-awareness programs, Employment programs, Recreation programs Mental health services – ie. career navigation with personal counselling, Legal services.
Eligibility – Open to both individuals and employers.
Family Services Association offers professional, confidential counselling and psychoeducational services to enable people to function more effectively at home, in the community and in their work environment.
*** Services are low-cost or sliding scale.
Eligibility – Open to all. Counselling services for children, individuals, couples and families.
TEAM Work Cooperative offers programs supporting persons to secure and maintain employment.
Services: Case management, Career counselling, Employment maintenance, Job development (ie. self employment,) Job mentoring, Creative job carving, Job searching, Wage subsidies, Programs for individuals, women and employers specifically.
Eligibility – Open to all.


Lee Smith of Real Clear Investigations reports that the June 2016 Trump Tower meeting between high-ranking members of the Republican presidential campaign staff and a Russian lawyer with Kremlin ties remains the cornerstone of claims that Donald Trump colluded with Russia to steal the election.
The second line of evidence reframing the Trump Tower meeting — after the Ohr-Steele-Simpson correspondence – was first reported in June by RealClearInvestigations. It shows that, starting in March 2016, FBI confidential sources and other figures associated with Western intelligence services and the Clinton campaign approached the Trump team promising damaging information on Clinton. The Trump Tower meeting appears to have been the most successful of these approaches, since it was the one instance where the Trump campaign signaled it was willing to receive incriminating information on its opponent.
She has publicly stated that she used talking points developed by Simpson for the Russian government in that discussion. Kremlin officials also posted the allegations on the Prosecutor General's website, and shared them with visiting U.S. congressional delegations.


Quality Anaerobic Digestion Process Equipment since 1979.
Fixed, Floating, Gasholder, and Buoyant covers of steel or stainless steel materials.
Mixers are designed for mounting on digester covers or exterior to the digester tank walls.
Concentric tube designs for maintaining digester temperature and/or heating incoming sludge.


text:
Q: Selecting columns from a dataframe I have a dataframe of monthly returns for 1,000 stocks with ids as column names.
monthly returns
I need to select only the columns that match the values in another dataframe which includes the ids I want.
permno list
I'm sure this is really quite simple, but I have been struggling for 2 days and if someone has an easy solution it would be so very much appreciated.  Thank you.

A: You could convert the single-column permno list dataframe (osr_curr_permnos) into a list, and then use that list to select certain columns from your main dataframe (all_rets).
To convert the osr_curr_permnos column "0" into a list, you can use .to_list()
Then, you can use that list to slice all_rets and .copy() to make a fresh copy of it into a new dataframe.
The python code might look something like:
keep = osr_curr_permnos['0'].to_list()
selected_rets = all_rets[keep].copy()

"keep" would be a list, and "selected_rets" would be your new dataframe.
If there's a chance that osr_curr_permnos would have duplicates, you'll want to filter those out:
keep = osr_curr_permnos['0'].drop_duplicates().to_list()
selected_rets = all_rets[keep].copy()

A: As I expected, the answer was more simple than I was making it.  Basically, I needed to take the integer values in my permnos list and recast those as strings.
osr_curr_permnos['0'] = osr_curr_permnos['0'].apply(str)
keep = osr_curr_permnos['0'].values

Then I can use that to select columns from my returns dataframe which had string values as column headers.
all_rets[keep]

It was all just a mismatch of int vs. string.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Applications open for Australia's first 5G spectrum auction
Eliza Booth, December 16, 2020 December 15, 2020 , Asset Management, Communications and connectivity, News, Smart Cities, Technology, Utilities, 0
The Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) has opened applications to participate in the April 2021 auction of high band 5G spectrum, which will pave the way for ultra-fast internet access and new digital technology in Australia.
High band spectrum can provide higher capacity and faster mobile internet access compared to spectrum bands currently used for wireless broadband across Australia.
ACMA Authority member, James Cameron, said 5G spectrum will make Australians better connected across homes, businesses, industries, towns, cities and states.
"5G is a game changer for Australia. The spectrum available in this auction will facilitate a wide range of new services that will benefit Australian businesses and consumers," Mr Cameron said.
"It is important for smart farming, robotics, telemedicine and other emerging technologies which will increase Australia's productivity."
The ACMA will auction 2.4GHz of spectrum in the 26GHz band in 27 geographic regions across Australia. The spectrum auction is an opportunity for interested parties, typically major telco providers, to bid for high band spectrum that will accommodate future 5G services in Australia.
The auction forms part of the Australian Government's plan to make 2021 the Year of 5G, with a second auction also planned for late 2021 for low band 5G spectrum.
A total of 360 lots of spectrum are available. Allocation limits set by the Minister mean that during the auction, individual participants cannot acquire more than 1GHz of the 26GHz band in each geographic region.
"We're encouraging interested stakeholders to apply so they can participate in the auction next year," Mr Cameron said.
The ACMA has prepared an applicant information package (AIP) for interested parties, which provides a detailed auction guide, information on the spectrum available and starting prices.
The application period runs from 14 December 2020 to 21 January 2021. The spectrum auction is scheduled to commence in April 2021.
Australian property owners unprepared for autonomous vehicle future
admin, December 11, 2018 October 14, 2019 , News, Partner Solutions, Road, Smart Cities, 0
By Stephen Taylor, Australian Cities Director, Arcadis Whether it's a report on the NSW Government's driverless vehicle trials, dire...
Virtual Power Plant expands with solar battery sales
Eliza Booth, October 1, 2020 September 29, 2020 , Asset Management, Condition monitoring and maintenance, Environment and Sustainability, News, Renewables, Smart communities, Sustainability, Technology, 1
AGL has announced an expansion of its Virtual Power Plant (VPP) with the launch of solar battery sales and...
IoT sensor networks creating smart cities
admin, November 21, 2018 January 27, 2020 , Featured, Smart Cities, Technology, 0
A rapidly growing population has led a council in Melbourne's west to use new real-time data and smart devices...
2019 Smart Cities Award winners announced
Kim Ho, May 30, 2019 January 27, 2020 , Environment and Sustainability, News, Planning, Regional, Renewables, Smart Cities, Spotlight, Standards, Technology, Urban Development, 0
The winners of the 2019 Smart Cities Awards have been revealed at a Gala Awards Ceremony as part of...
Griffith University develop flood monitoring sensor network
Eliza Booth, September 21, 2020 September 22, 2020 , Asset Management, Condition monitoring and maintenance, Disaster Management, Internet of Things, Internet of Things (IoT), News, Risk management, Safety, Smart Cities, Smart communities, Software, Spotlight, Technology, 0
The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) has awarded Griffith University researchers a $400,000 grant to develop a...
Aboriginal Engagement Plan for Western Sydney Airport
Kim Ho, January 29, 2019 October 14, 2019 , Airport, Company news, News, NSW, Planning, Policy, Project, Smart Cities, 0
A new agreement for Western Sydney Airport aims to drive Aboriginal engagement opportunities in business, education and employment, and...
Victorian Public Safety Infrastructure Fund grants
Chris, June 11, 2019 October 14, 2019 , News, Safety, Smart Cities, Urban Development, VIC, 0
Public Safety Infrastructure Fund grants for 2019-20 are now available for Victorian councils who are undertaking the development and...
Remote track inspections using drones
Eliza Booth, June 14, 2019 January 27, 2020 , Asset Management, Drones, Featured, Project, Rail, Robotics, Smart Cities, Technology, Transport, 0
With over 40,000km of track, Australia has the sixth largest railway network in the world. Current railway track inspections...
Smart ticketing project kicks off on the Gold CoastQR technology helps keep Tasmania's markets safe


Microsoft Office 2007 (codenamed Office 12) is a version of Microsoft Office, a family of office suites and productivity software for Windows, developed and published by Microsoft. It was released to volume license customers on November 30, 2006 and to retail customers on January 30, 2007, the same respective release dates of Windows Vista. It was preceded by Office 2003 and succeeded by Office 2010.
Office 2007 introduced a new graphical user interface called the Fluent User Interface, which uses ribbons and an office start menu instead of menu bars and toolbars. Office 2007 requires Windows XP with Service Pack 2, Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 1, or a later OS. Office 2007 is the last version of Microsoft Office to support Windows XP Professional x64 Edition.
I could not do it all!
Just keep that sand on that face!


text:
First female St. George Marathon winner looks to Olympic trials
By: Shelby Misrasi
Plenty of students attending Dixie State College trained for months to prepare for the St. George Marathon on Oct. 5, but one in particular completed goals that led her to be the first of the women's division to cross the finish line on that warm, sunny day.
Amber Green, a senior communication major from St. George and a mother of three, finished the race in first place for the women's division.
"I wanted to take first place, but taking first wasn't my original goal," Green said. "My first goal was to break two hours and 45 minutes. But deep down I had been wanting to win the St. George Marathon for about three years, so I really wanted it."
Green said runners have good days and bad days, and Oct. 5 was a good day for her.
"On Saturday at the marathon, everything felt great to me," Green said. "My nutrition was good, my body was rested, my breathing was easy, and my legs felt fresh. It was just a really great race day—kind of like race day magic."
Green started the race at 6 a.m. and completed it with a time of 2:43.00. Green beat her previous time by five minutes, which qualified her for a free trip to Ibigawa, Japan, for the Ibigawa Marathon/Half Marathon in November.
Green's husband, Matt, also raced in the St. George Marathon and was presented with the same opportunity to travel to Japan.
Amber Green participated in the St. George Marathon last year but suffered an injury within the first four miles. She later found out she had a stress fracture in her ankle after running another 11 miles.
"She has worked extremely hard to get back to where she is now," Matt Green said. "It was a lot of relief that she was able to meet that goal, and we're just really, really proud of her."
Amber Green took the four to six month recovery time and came back strong to conquer her dream of being the fastest female marathon runner in St. George.
"For me, running has brought so many positive things to my life," Amber Green said. "It's what I love to do, so it's my hobby, it's my outlet, and it's my social time with my friends. It's taught me that I can do hard things, and it's taught me that no matter what you want to do, then all you have to do is be persistent with training and anybody can get better at anything."
Amber Green ran her first marathon with a time that was more than four hours, and now she has met the time that sends her into running approved courses for the Olympics.
"One of my goals is to qualify for the Olympic trials," Amber Green said. "I just need to run a similar marathon time that I just ran in St. George but on an approved course. I just want to do that before 2016 so I can run in the Olympic trials. I just want to run with the elite women there."
Matt Green said he is excited to go to Japan with his wife.
"I'm really looking forward to go on and be in that culture, and just go and be in that experience," Matt Green said. "It's just a great opportunity."
The couple both have different ways to train, but they unite in their Saturday runs, which gives them the capability of enduring the distance.
"It's a good example for our kids, and it's good to have them see their parents do these kinds of things," Matt Green said.
Amber Green said this hobby is something anyone can pursue.
"I honestly feel like I'm just a normal, everyday person who loves to run, and if I can run that fast, then anybody can," she said.


text:
Q: how do you take a string of arguments and return the number on dots (.) it contains? for example if i have an email address aril_example@hotmail.co.uk the function will return 2

A: You could try something like this:
var dots = "aril_example@hotmail.co.uk".split(".").length-1;

Using the split method you will split the string in substrings, which would be separated one another with a dot. These substrings would be in an array. This is what split returns. Taking the length of the array  and decrementing it by 1 you get that you want.

var dots = "aril_example@hotmail.co.uk".split(".").length-1;
document.write(dots)

A: To count the number of dots, try splitting the string on the dot character, then checking the resulting array length.
var str = "aril_example@hotmail.co.uk";
console.log(str.split('.').length-1)

A: function howManyDots(input) {
  return (input.match(/\./g) || []).length;
};

howManyDots('aril_example@hotmail.co.uk');

## returns 2

String.match takes a regex (in this case, a simple pattern to match all instances of the character .) and returns an array of matches. We just want the length of that array.


text:
Mission: Impossible 1996
When Ethan Hunt, the leader of a crack espionage team whose perilous operation has gone awry with no explanation, discovers that a mole has penetrated the CIA, he's surprised to learn that he's the No. 1 suspect. To clear his name, Hunt now must ferret out the real double agent and, in the process, even the score.
Genre: Adventure, Action, Thriller
Stars: Tom Cruise, Jon Voight, Emmanuelle Béart, Henry Czerny, Jean Reno
Director: Tom Cruise, David Koepp, David Koepp, Danny Elfman, Norman Reynolds
Live and Let Die (1973)
The General (1926)
Irreversible (2002)
Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992)
Flushed Away (2006)
The Dark Crystal (1982)
xXx: State of the Union (2005)
The Pink Panther (2006)
Looney Tunes: Back in Action (2003)
What a Girl Wants (2003)
Mission: Impossible - Rogue Nation (2015)
The Bourne Identity (2002)
Die Hard 2 (1990)
Die Hard: With a Vengeance (1995)
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)
Men in Black (1997)
Minority Report (2002)
Live Free or Die Hard (2007)
The Matrix Reloaded (2003)
The Matrix Revolutions (2003)
Ocean's Eleven (2001)