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Sikh Missionary Society U.K. (Regd)
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Introduction to Sikhism
Sikh Missionary Society: Publications: Introduction to Sikhism: Contents
Section V: Sacred Literature
What is Gurbani?
What do you know of Sri Guru Granth Sahib?
What do you know of the Dasam Granth?
What is the literary value of the poetry of the Gurus?
Give the substance of the Japji.
Give the substance of the Asa-di-var.
Give the substance of Anand Sahib.
Give the substance of the Sukhmani Sahib.
Q101. What is Gurbani?
The sacred literature of Sikhism is called Gurbani which means the Guru's word - A Song message - as enshrined in Guru Granth Sahib. In Sikhism, the Guru Means 'The Word' and not the physical body. God revealed the bani through the Guru and it will ultimately lead one to its source. The bani is the Guru and the Guru is the bani. One who expounds or explains the bani cannot have the status of a Guru. He is a mere teacher or missionary. Any compositions other than those of the Gurus and those approved by them are unacceptable to Sikhs.
Some people make much of the apparently contradictory statements in Gurbani. The hymns have been written to suit different stages in spiritual development. For example, in one hymn, Guru Nanak says that with individual effort, it is possible to realize God; in another hymn he says that austerities and meditation are of no avail without God's grace. With understanding and patience, it is possible to reconcile the so-called contradictions. In this instance, prayer in the beginning is due to personal effort, but later on, it can be seen that this effort was itself induced or assited by God. Without His order - Hukam - it is impossible for man to do anything. Effort on its own only produces egoism and even frustration. Humility is essential for the winning of God's Grace.
The reading of Gurbani requires concentration, understanding and heart- searching. Lip-utterance on its own is of no avail. The devotee must meditate on the message of Gurbani. This alone can help him to rid his mind of evil thoughts and make it pure enough to receive the Name(holy Spirit). The true devotee drinks this nectar because it give him inner satisfaction and inner peace. The percolation of Gurbani into the inner consciousness is as fruitful as the seasonal rain to a ploughed field. Guru Nanak says, "Make a boat of the sacred Name then, with the oars of faith, cross the ocean of illusion."
According to Sikhism, Gurbani is the penacea for all human ills and sin. It is for the individual to find out which hymn or Salok appeals to him and is related to his spiritual need. If he feels comforted by the hymns of the Guru, he should realize that meditation is his spiritual need.
Return to the top of the page.
Q102. What do you know of Sri Guru Granth Sahib?
Guru Arjan compiled the Adi Granth popularly known as the Granth which contain the hymns of the first five Gurus and some of the Bhagats of medieval India. He installed this scripture in the Har Mandar in 1604. This copy got into the hands of Dhirmal, the son of Guru Har Gobind. Subsequently some Sikhs forcibly obtained the copy from Dhirmal and presented it to Guru Tegh Bahadur. He returned it to Dhirmal. Guru Gobind Singh dictated the entire Granth to Bhai Mani Singh and incorporated the hymns of Guru Tegh Bahadur, in 1706 at Damdama Sahib. At the time of his death, Guru Gobind singh conferred permanant Gurudom on the Guru Granth Sahib(1708).
The Guru Granth Sahib contains 5894 hymns. The largest number of hymns (2216) were contributed by Guru Arjan. The 937 hymns of fifteen Bhagats and eleven Bhatts whose compositions tallied with the gospel of Sikhism were also included. Here the Hindu, the Muslim, the Brahmin, and the untouchable, meet on an equal footing. From the linguistic point of view, it is a treasury of old "Hindi dialects".
Music forms the basis of the classification of the hymns. They follow a definite metrical system. The total number of Ragas(Raga in Indian classical music means a pattern of melodic notes) is 31. Under each Raga, the hymns are arranged thus: Chaupadas, Ashtapadas, long poems, Chhands, Vars, and poems of Bhagats. The Guru Granth Sahib is written in the Gurmukhi script and contains 1430 pages.
Guru Arjan commenting on the nature of the Granth said: "In this dish are placed three things: Truth, Harmony and Wisdom. These are seasoned with the Name of God which is the basis of all; whoever eats it and relishes it, shall be saved." It is a work of divine inspiration. It is both metaphysical and ethical reality and imagination, mysticism and philosophy. According to Prof. Puran Singh, "it is a scripture for all nations. it is a lyric of divine love, on which all the people of the earth subsist of such glowing lyrical power. The Guru Granth Sahib is of one Song, one Idea and one Life." Guru Arjan wanted the book to be translated into foreign languages because it is the scripture of universal religion. It is a unique treasure, a noble heritage for all mankind.
Q103. What do you know of the Dasam Granth?
Guru Gobind Singh was not only an exceptional warrior but also a creativegenius. His scholarship in Persian, Hindi and Punjabi enabled him to writeverses in different poetic forms. He patronized fifty-two poets at hiscourt. The most important of them were Bhai Nand Lal Goya and Sainapat.
The Dasam Granth, compiled by Bhai Mani Singh after Guru Gobind Singh's death, contains more than 1400 pages in Brij Bhasha, Persian and Punjabi. The contents are mythological, philosophical and autobiographical. The two main themes of the Guru's work - authentically ascribed to him - are in praise of the Almighty and to the power of the sword. The verses were meant to stir the people in his times with patriotic and martial fervour. The following compositions are definitely written by the tenth Guru.
The Jaap Sahib: This is a unique composition in a variety of metres, praising the characteristics and power of God.
Bachitra Natak: A wonderful drama, an intimate autobiography recounting the mission of the Guru.
Akal Ustat, Shabad Hazare, Tatees, Swayya: These hymns enshrine the praises of the Timeless One in telling phrases and striking similes. Here is an example:
"As waves beating on the shingle,
Go back and in the ocean mingle,
So, from God come all things under the sun,
And to God return, when their race is run."
Zafar-Nama: This poetic epistle in Persian was addressed to the Emperor Aurangzeb and throws light on the Guru's opposition to tyranny and fanaticism.
What impresses one in the Dasam Granth is the excellence of the poetic technique and the other choice of words and epithets. Guru Gobind Singh - even when the situation appeared desperate, after his leaving Anandpur - never at all doubted victory or his unflinching faith in God.
"With Thee I will in adversity dwell but
Without Thee, a life of ease is a life in hell."
The versatility of this saint-soldier in composing devotional verses showsthe richness of his mind, his spiritual attainment and heroic grandeur.
Q104. What is the literary value of the poetry of the Gurus?
Apart from its mysticism and spiritual depth, the poetry of the Gurus throws light on their contemporary situation. It lays bare the corruption and degradation of the society of their time and stresses the need of social reform and economic uplift. Guru Nanak and Guru Gobind Singh both recommended a just and humane administration, to the then rulers of India.
The hymns of the first five Gurus, the ninth and tenth Gurus, show an admirable use of the current figures of speech, apart from their metrical richness and sweetness. Imagery is used to simplify subtle thoughts and profound concepts. The images were taken from everyday life and common occurrence. The Gurus were keen lovers of nature and as such, have written glowing descriptions of panoramic beauty and the changes of season. Guru Nanak in Barah Mah (The Twelve Months), compares the monthly moods of nature to the inner conditions of man. The Arti is full of wonders of the skyscape:
"In the salver of the sky,
The Sun and Moon are lamps.
The luminous stars are the pearls."
(A.G. p.663)
Spiritual truths are conveyed through homely similes.
"Just as there is fragrance in the flower, and
Reflection in a mirror, so
Similarly God lives within us
Search for Him in your heart! "
(A.G. p. 684)
"The sun is the same, the seasons are many, as
Many are the garbs of the Creator", sayth Nanak
(A.G. p.12)
The Gurus used current proverbs and popular sayings to illustrate their fundamental ideas of spirituality:
"As is the dream of night, so is this world."
"As is the staff in the hand of a blind person,
So is, to us, the Name of God."
There is, however, no delibrate attempt to refine or embellish the language. Sublimity and idealism have been presented with such simplicity that even unlettered people can understand their import. The hymns satisfy a longing for perfection and spiritual attainment. The poetry of the Gurus is valuable for both its sublime content and literary excellence.
Q105. Give the substance of the Japji.
The Japji contains the whole basis of the Sikh religion and philosophy. The theme - the evolution of spiritual life - is developed systematically.
As a first step, Guru Nanak defines God and sums up His attributes. The goal of human life is for a union with the Divine Being, often called salvation or Nirvana. This is achiveable through self-surrender and a submission to God's Hukam. God is manifest in His creation. Nature obeys His law; like-wise we too, must obey Divine law.
How can a devotee merge with Divinity? Guru Nanak suggests that in the early hours of the morning the devotee should meditate on "His Name" and praise His Greatness. The disciple must follow the Guru's word.
The first step is to listen for the Name. By careful listening, the devotee becomes free from sorrow and sin. The second step is true and firm belief in "The Name". Those who have firm faith in "The Name" not only free themselves from the cycle of birth and death but also liberate others. Creation is in the play of God. Some people are busy in good works, while others are busy in crime and sin. Action is followed by reaction. As a man sows, so shall he reap.
The sovereign remedy is the remembrance of "God's Name" (The invocation of the air of the "Holy Spirit"). Just as dirty clothes are cleaned by soap, in the same way, man's evil is washed away by "The Name". God is vast and so is His universe. No Religious leaders can ever fathom His greatness. He has created millions of worlds and stars. No one can visualize His infinity. He alone knows Himself. He guides and controls the universe and all things are under His law. The conquest of one's Ego under the control of the 'self', is the only way to merge the individual soul into the Universal soul.
There are five stages of spiritual life: Dharm Khand, Gian Khand, Saram Khand, Karam Khand and Sach Khand. To progress through these the disciple has to follow a strict discipline, namely to control the mind and body, fearlessness, steady perseverence and a constant remembrance of "The Name", in order to reach the goal. True devotees have radiant faces, beaming with Divine Light and they bring peace and happiness to countless other people - all who come in contact with them.
Q106. Give the substance of the Asa-di-var.
Guru Nanak's Asa-di-var or the morning prayer, consists of Slokas and 24 Pauris. Guru Ramdas added 24 Chhands (Quatrains). A var or ode is a heroic measure, popular in the Punjab. This particular var is sung in the early morning in all Sikh Temples. Here Guru Nanak sings of the glory of God and "The Name". He details the process by which an ordinary man can become a perfect servant to God. Even so God's grace is essential, and one has to deserve it:
"God Himself shapes men as vessels, and brings them to perfection.
In some is put the milk of loving and kindness, others ever are set on the fire of passion.
Some lie down to sleep on cushions, others stand to watch over them.
God regenerates those on whom He looks with grace. (24) "
The hurdles on the path to divinity like the Ego, hypocrisy, evil thoughts and actions, are discussed and various remedies are suggested.
According to Prof. Teja Singh, The "Asa-di-var" resembles an ancient choral in Greek. There is a great similarity in the way both var and ode are sung. It may be noted that there are 22 vars in the Granth, out of which three, including Asa-di-var, are by Guru Nanak. Often Shabads (Hymns) are interspersed between Pauris and this provides for both a variation of musical score and changes of thought.
Krishna Chaitanya, an Indian musicologist writes about the effect of the chant of Asa-di-var as under:
"In musical impact it is like the plain chant of European Christianity. It is recitative which has taken wings, rather than an abstract arabesque of sound. In its musical texture, it is wholly different from plain chant. This is because plain chant comes early in the evolution of European music whereas the melodic pattern of the Asa-di-var is derived by the simplification of a mature classical tradition."
We understand the message and feel the melody at the same time. When the Asa-di-var is sung before dawn - Amrit Vela - it produces a feeling of inner repose and peace.
Gramophone records of the Asa-di-var are available in the market. The most popular is that of the late Surjan Singh.
(Personally I prefer Nirmal Singh, Hazuri Raagi [the editor])
Q107 Give the substance of Anand Sahib.
The Anand Sahib - or "The Song of Bliss" - is the spiritual and musical masterpiece of Guru Amardas. Some biographers have tried to make it a historical piece by stating that it was composed in 1554, after the birth of his grand-son called Sidh-yogi, to whom he gave the new name of Anand. This story is improbable, because the composition contains no references to any event or the birth of any child. Its theme is of man's spiritual goal, namely the merger into the Divine Essence.
There is a development of thought in the Anand. The first stanzas state clearly that bliss can be obtained through the Guru. The Guru stands for the Revelation, the Shabad, or those utterances which include his teaching on the stages of the spiritual path. Are there no short cuts to the attainment of bliss? The Guru mentions the hurdles that stand in the way of the disciple. These are: human cleverness, family attachment, taboos, rituals, conformity to tradition and convention, the opportunism of leadership and the compromise with principles. Stanzas six to twenty all deal with these obstructions.
What then are sources of bliss? These are the true submission to the commands of the Guru, the performance of acts of charity and selfless service, the association with holy people and the rememberance of the Holy Name. Stanzas twenty-one to twenty five tell us about the God-oriented person - the Sunmukh - who is radically different from the egoistic worldly person - the Bemukh. The disciple follows in the foot-steps of the Guru and sings of the Lord's praise in the company of saints or holy congregation.
Stanzas twenty-six to thirty four deal with the temptations of Maya, these grip man from his birth. Attachment to his near and dear ones, immersion in the satisfaction of his desires and in meeting the demands of his relatives. How his thirst for such mundane things remains unquenched. The more he gets, the more he wants.
Stanzas thirty five to thirty nine deal specifically with the functions of the human body and its sense-organs. A body becomes blessed if it is devoted to God. That fulfils the purpose of man's coming into the world. The eyes are blessed if they see the Lord pervading the whole universe. The ears are meant to hear the Truth and the song of God's glory. If man dedicates his senses to the attainment of spiritual goals, God opens to him, the door to His treasures. He can then sing the "Song of Bliss" in the home of his own soul. He who remembers God is loved by Him. The last stanza, number forty, enumerates the benefits of Anand. It banishes all tension and sorrow. Those who sing it or listen to it with devotion, become purified and liberated. The Unstruck Music of Cosmic Melody is then recognized by them with great joy. Such noble souls may ultimately merge with the Lord.
The Anand has to be sung in the Ramkali Raga to make its full impact on the mind. The intellectual appreciation of these philosophical concepts is intensified by an aestheitic delight in its musical rendering. As the five kinds of musical hymns - Panch Shabad - mentioned, echo in one's memory, the vital truths and higher values of the Anand transport one to the mental realms of beauty and bliss.
Q108 Give the substance of the Sukhmani Sahib.
The Sukhmani Sahib is the simplest and the most popular of all the Banis in the Guru Granth Sahib. Literally, "Sukhmani" means some thing which gives peace of mind or the touchstones for happiness. Guru Arjan's aim in writing the Sukhmani - The Psalm of Peace - was that the reader may feel composure of mind and a sense of inner bliss. Any person who is fed up with life or depressed by anxiety or otherwise afflicted will derive real consolation from it.
There is a gradual development of thought in the twenty-four cantos of the Sukhmani. In the first three cantos, Guru Arjan mentions the advantages of the practice "Nam", the remembrance of "The Name" Simran is the linking up with the divine, in a spirit of surrender, devotion and love. "The Name" helps in the normal business of life, and paves the way to spiritual progress. In cantos four to eleven, Guru Arjan gives his views on the God-man. Man's potentialities can be strengthened by divine grace. Man gets a vision of God through the company of holy men. The God-man is not the vaishnavite, or the salvationist or the touch-nothing mystic. He is one who fulfills the duties of a normal life: "The God-enlightened man lives like the lotus, pure amidst the impurities of the world". All the seekers, at one stage or another, seek God's help and turn to Him for strength and guidance. Cantos twelve to twenty mention the process by which God's grace can be merited. Self-conceit and the slander of saints bringh their own punishment. Only by self-surrender, can one earn God's favour. God is "The Truth" and the Guru guides the lives of the disciples in righteous living. The Guru also inspires the devotees with a love of "The Name".
The last four contos contain Guru Arjan's exposition of "The Name". The Name covers both the personal and impersonal aspect of God. God transcends and unifies all creation. The singing to "The Name" gives man spiritual solace and inner peace. In the end, the Guru enumerates the rewards which the reading of the Sukhmani Sahib may bring to the reader. They are beauty, humility, wisdom, equanimity and God-realization.
The Sukhmani Sahib is also regarded as the second expansion of "The Mul Mantra" (the basic Sikh belief), the first expansion being Japji Sahib and the third the entire Guru Granth Sahib.
Previous Chapter - The Sikh History
Next Chapter - Worship, Ceremonies and the Future
Copyright (©)2003 by Sikh Missionary Society (U.K.)


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Sarawak may declare an additional day as public holiday for Christmas, says CM
Sulok Tawie
Sarawak Chief Minister Datuk Patinggi Abang Johari Openg speaks to reporters in Kuching October 29, 2019. — Bernama pic
BAU, Dec 14 — Chief Minister Datuk Patinggi Abang Johari Openg today said that the state government may consider declaring an additional day as a public holiday to celebrate Christmas provided that there is a vacancy for another public holiday in the gazette.
"I will look into the gazette to see if there is any spare holiday in the gazette as an additional public holiday for Christmas," he said at the launch of the Blueprint development programme for Bau district.
"If there are no spare holidays, we can discuss. I cannot make a decision right now because the GPS government is subject to the rule of law.
"We have to look at our law. If there is a spare, then there is no problem, we can declare the additional day as a public holiday for Christmas.
"We will implement it because Christmas is also celebrated by Sarawakians of other faiths, not just by the Christians," he said.
He added that there is no problem for Christians to celebrate Christmas in Sarawak.
"It is not just Christmas, we all join each other in celebrating Gawai Dayak, Chinese New Year and Hari Raya," he said.
The chief minister was responding to calls for Sarawak to follow the step taken by neighbouring Sabah that have declared an additional day as a public holiday.
Shafie announced December 24 as an additional Christmas public holiday in Sabah.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


For someone who lives in jeans and t-shirts and has more male friends than female ones, this has been a challenge. But I've always believed in supporting my kids' individual passions, so over the years I've become intimately acquainted with the many variations of pink, and with every Disney Princess, American Girl and Barbie on offer. We've had countless tea parties and played "Pretty, Pretty Princess" more times than I can remember. And I discovered that affirming Hope's taste, even though it was and is so very different from my own, provided a boost to her self-esteem and gave her the confidence to be both feminine and strong at the same time.
This has been more significant than you might imagine. Hope has a physical disability that requires her to wear leg braces, so her self-image has been vulnerable from time to time. But her own absolute faith in her beauty, femininity and grace has made that her reality. It also led my mother and I to an idea for a children's book series, The Very Fairy Princess, about a little girl who so believes she is a fairy princess that she overcomes all the naysayers and obstacles in her path.
Isn't princess a pejorative term?
Should we really be encouraging girls to aspire to be princesses? Won't that make them shallow or materialistic?
Aren't there already a glut of princess-themed books in the marketplace?
So now we find ourselves launching National Princess Week, April 23-29th… and in preparation for the event, I compiled a list of over seventy modern-day princesses and their causes for our young readers. As I did my research, I experienced a shift from paying lip service to the good work that princesses do, to gaining a newfound respect for their real value and contribution to the world. From their charitable endeavors – which are extensive and varied – to their dignity, strength and individuality, it turns out that princesses are, in fact, terrific role models for girls.
Oh what a lovely post Emma!
Like you I love wearing T-shirt and jeans, but there are times when I will happily dressup, even if it requires wearing a tiara…lol. Already having the first two Very Fairy Princess books sitting on my shelf I can see where you get your inspiration from. Hope certainly sounds like a fiesty, determind, loveable child and one who would inspire encouragement, strength, joy, grace and all good things in her peers and those around her.
Seventy Princesses! really! Where will we see this list? Can't wait for Princess week, sounds like it will be a wonderful and eventful time especially for you and your family. All the best for the new Very Fairy Princess book debut, Emma and Thankyou!
What an inspiring and empowering post, Emma. I so appreciate that you've taken this in-depth look at princesses, to show us that it's not about glitter and superficiality. Even when I was a child, it was the real people behind roles and glitz and glamour that I truly admired, and I'm so grateful that you're encouraging kids now to do the same, to find the inner sparkle beyond the outer glitter in those they admire (including book characters) and most importantly, to find the inner sparkle in themselves.
I will be linking to this post, likely more than once, in my week-long celebration of Princess Week on my blog next week.
Thank you. And a special thank you to Hope, who inspires me.
What a lovely post, Emma.
Like you I am happiest in my T-shirt and jeans, but also happy when called for, to change into dressup even if it means wearing a tiara. As one who has the first two books of Very Very Princess already on my shelf, I can see where you get your inspiration from. Hope's loveable, fiesty, determind, encourgaging, joy and grace surely insires her peers and those around her.
Seventy Princess! Really! Where will we see this list? I look forward to Princess week, and appreciate this will be a very busy time for you and your family. Congratulations and all the best on the new Very Fairy Princess book debut. All the best Emma and thankyou!
Loved this post, Emma. Hope's sense of self worth and value is truly inspirational to me (and obviously has been to Gerry too). To be honest the message of being whomever you want and letting that sparkle out is relevant to everyone! I am excited to read #3 and wish you a fantastic launch and Princess week!
Thank you so much for posting this, Emma. Far too many people emphasize the outward appearance, when it's what's on the inside – especially in the heart – that really counts. My daughter, Heidi, is 15 months old, and I can already see how her little personality is developing differently than mine. I was painfully shy, even as a very small child. She is outgoing, "talkative"(in her 15-month-old speak), and quite a little ham. We are both blessed in our own ways, and I would never hinder her from becoming who she will be when she grows up. She's the love of my life. Thank you for offering a reminder, through the "Very Fairy Princess" books, that it's our inner spirit that shapes who we are and who we become, not what we look like in our clothes.
Beautifully said, Emma! Every child is an individual and deserves to be the best they can be. With my children, I took them to history museums, art galleries, plays, musicals, park concerts, libraries, science centers, etc. to give them the experiences with which they could determine what they enjoyed. Both of them found where they sparkled the most. And that was totally different places for each one. Follow your child where they want to go, help them explore all the world has to offer, and then you will have a child who can draw on that experience to really be themselves. Being themselves is the best they can be.
What a beautiful post and such an honor to your daughter. Isn't it wonderful what we can learn from our children? Theoretically we're here to teach them, but so often the opposite happens.
Congratulations on the launch of your latest book in the "Very Fairy" series!
Really loved the post Emma. Sounds like your young princess has been your teacher! Congratulations on the new book launch!
A lovely post, Emma. I was not a princess as a child but a tom boy. But I enjoy reading even children's books, and sharing them with my grandchildren is a joy. I am enjoying all the interviews this week with you and your mom. Sparkle does come from inside, and at times we really don't realize that we have it. But there is something everyone can do if it is no more than give a smile to a lonely person.
I love Geraldine!!! She has given another side of being a princess, and she has brought joy to many lives, I am sure.


Poulsen/Rood's Telegraphone was the earliest mass-marketed Wire Recorder, a recording device which works pretty much the same way as a tape recorder, but with a piece of magnetic wire in place of metal-coated tape. (web source) These machines were not intended to record music. Given that (as the NYT article tells us) Rood hated smoking, drinking, cussing, and cavorting, I think we can fairly assume that he was not too much into music. What Rood was into, clearly, was business: and the Telegraphone was created and sold as a business dictation machine, designed to be used with a telephone as the input device. According to Angus' article in "Modern Recording", Rood seems to have turned down or ignored every possibility to promote, exploit, and grow the technology that he was manufacturing; instead, he seems to have devoted his energies towards stock manipulation, lawsuits with AT&T, and selling equipment to the German Navy (in the 1930s...). Rood even ignored Lee De Forest's experiments using the Telegraphone for use in sync with Motion Pictures. In 1912. This is a full 15 years before "The Jazz Singer" debuted.


Ok, I'm going through my github and cleaning it up so that only the good stuff that colleges will (hopefully) like is left. And what do I find. But the greatest thing ever made on this planet. An HTML5 game I made when I was ~12 featuring some of the best design decisions anyone has ever made. Explosion audio that's just me saying pchoow. A screen that just says `you dead`. Online leaderboards. Comments that are literally 20 characters of acronyms. I'm not so sure my more recent stuff is better.
Hey, I made a thing. It's a #unixporn rice manager and theme-manager, letting you create themes with many different moving parts and configs, and share them online to a repository(viewable at https://demenses.net.) The tool & code is available here: https://github.com/raven. It's a bit fiddly, but it's as streamlined as I think it can be. Come and check out my somewhat less-than-optimal code!


translation (English<>Ukrainian) of analytical and informational materials, periodic publications for the NBU's website, press releases, presentations and materials for the NBU's communication with international institutions and other central banks, etc.
In addition to my main duties, I received the on-the-job training in risk management and financial analysis.
translation (English<>Russian, English<>Ukrainian) of the bank's internal documentation, legal documents, contracts, IT materials, press releases, presentations, advertising materials etc.
translation (English<>Russian, English<>Ukrainian) in various subject areas: business and legal documents, scientific, technical texts, advertising materials etc.
Other software used: MS Office, Adobe Acrobat, Adobe Photoshop, DjVuEditor, ABBYY FineReader, ABBYY Lingvo etc.


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Photo, Print, Drawing New York, New York. Policeman no. 19687 digital file from original neg.
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New York, New York. Policeman no. 19687
Parks, Gordon, 1912-2006, photographer
1943 May.
- United States--New York (State)--New York
Nitrate negatives.
Nitrate negatives
- Additional information on caption card: William Alexander Frazier, b. 1916 in Harlem.
- Title and other information from caption card.
- Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944.
- More information about the FSA/OWI Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.fsaowi
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- Film copy on SIS roll 13, frame 2060.
1 negative : nitrate ; 2 1/4 x 2 1/4 inches or smaller.
LC-USW3- 023999-E [P&P] LOT 783 (Location of corresponding print.) (corresponding photographic print)
Farm Security Administration - Office of War Information photograph collection (Library of Congress)
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
fsa 8d28522 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d28522
LC-DIG-fsa-8d28522 (digital file from original neg.)
No known restrictions. For information, see U.S. Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black & White Photographs http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/071_fsab.html
Lot 783 (36)
Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black-And-White Negatives (170,902)
Parks, Gordon
For information about reproducing, publishing, and citing material from this collection, as well as access to the original items, see: U.S. Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black & White Photographs - Rights and Restrictions Information
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Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-fsa-8d28522 (digital file from original neg.)
Call Number: LC-USW3- 023999-E [P&P] LOT 783 (Location of corresponding print.) (corresponding photographic print)
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Parks, Gordon, photographer. New York, New York. Policeman no. 7 . New York New York State New York. United States, 1943. May. Photograph. https://www.loc.gov/item/2017851528/.
Parks, G., photographer. (1943) New York, New York. Policeman no. 7 . New York New York State New York. United States, 1943. May. [Photograph] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2017851528/.
Parks, Gordon, photographer. New York, New York. Policeman no. 7 . May. Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/2017851528/>.
New York, New York. Emptying garbage and trash from Harlem apartment houses 1 negative : nitrate ; 2 1/4 x 2 1/4 inches or smaller.
Contributor: Parks, Gordon
New York, New York. Many accidents are attributed to unpatrolled intersections in Harlem. Here school children ... 1 negative : nitrate ; 2 1/4 x 2 1/4 inches or smaller.
New York, New York. A Harlem street scene 1 negative : nitrate ; 2 1/4 x 2 1/4 inches or smaller.
New York, New York. Street peddler in the Harlem section 1 negative : nitrate ; 2 1/4 x 2 1/4 inches or smaller.
New York, New York. Harlem apartment house 1 negative : nitrate ; 2 1/4 x 2 1/4 inches or smaller.
The first gymnacyclidium for ladies and gentlemen : opening exhibition and hop at the grand velocipede ... Cycling--New York (State)--New York.; vj14 03-26-98; 98-131173 Page Order: Leaflet Available also through the Library of Congress web site in two forms: as facsimile page images and as full text in SGML....
Contributor: Pearsall Brothers
The committee consisting of Mr. King, Mr. Johnson, Mr. Monroe, Mr. Lawrance, and Mr. Pettit, to ... Imprint from Journals of the Continental Congress, v. 33, p. 753; formerly ascribed to the press of John Dunlap by v. 31, p. 963 (#539). Bristol gives Dunlap as printer and Philadelphia...
Contributor: United States. Continental Congress - Continental Congress Broadside Collection (Library of Congress)
New York. Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image.
Contributor: Rogers, Peet & Co. - Currier & Ives
The city of New York. F14826 U.S. Copyright Office Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image.
Contributor: Currier & Ives - Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States
Gordon Parks papers, Correspondence, speeches, writings, film scripts, notes, project proposals, contracts, production material, financial records, and other papers documenting Parks's career as a writer, photographer, and producer and director of films. Includes drafts of...
Contributor: Parks, Gordon - Gordon Parks Archives in the Library of Congress


"Singapore is boring." As a local living here, I hear this constantly from locals and visitors alike. But, chances are, is that you've never really looked hard enough for something more exciting or out of the ordinary to do.
So whether you are a local looking to see Singapore in a new light or a traveler who wants to avoid the common touristy attractions, here are some unconventional experiences to be had.
Scent is one of the most powerful senses we have and is closely linked with our memory. This is why people use cologne, after shave, deodorant and more to ensure we smell good. The smell of delicious food can trigger hunger and in ages past, bad smells were even associated with disease.
So if you want to have a custom made perfume or scent tailored just for you and you alone, check out one of the several perfume or scent creation workshops offered by several establishments.
Udders is a well-known home grown brand that offers artisan ice cream with a local twist. From their popular Rum Raisin (mixed with real rum) to Mao Shan Wang, Baileys and Bourbon, Cereal Killer and many other awesome flavours, Udders has become a popular dessert destination.
Now offering an ice cream making workshop, students are allowed behind the curtains to learn how to make their own ice cream at home without the need for expensive, bulky and specialised equipment. But if you need another reason to go, they offer a post-workshop all you can eat ice cream buffet.
If you've always been on the dance floor but wondered what it would be like to be on the turntables instead and creating the beats, then maybe you could try your hand at learning how to become a DJ at E-tracX.
Complete newcomers should attend the basic club mixing DJ workshop where you get an introductory experience to DJ equipment, genres and of course, identifying and matching the beats. They also offer more advanced and genre specific classes once you've got the basics down.
When I was a student, I used to sneak out of school round the back by traversing a tall gate at the back of my school that led to a tiny path through a wooded area to freedom. Apparently, when I wasn't looking it has become a sport.
Parkour is essentially being able to really move. Practitioners are called traceurs and the discipline is derived from military obstacle course training. Parkour however takes it to another level and traceurs are taught how to get from point to point in the fastest and most efficient way possible.
If that appeals to you, then academies such as the awesomely named Superfly Monkey Dragons and Move Academy offer a wide variety of classes suitable for most age groups.
While most of Singapore's Kampung culture has been eradicated or bulldozed with our forward looking modern society, some parts of it are still being kept alive by a few people.
Cookery Magic offers a one of a kind cooking class in the garden of a century old village home. Almost like stepping back in time, you can learn how to recreate classic flavours of Singapore and Asian cuisine in an outdoor kitchen reminiscent of Singapore in the 1950s.
The lightsaber. One of the most iconic weapons in fiction right now, every person who's watched Star Wars and dreamed about having their own lightsaber can have their dream come true… somewhat.
While you don't get an actual sci-fi sword of pure plasma, you do get lightsaber that looks brilliant at night and you can re-enact your favourite scenes from the movies. The Saber Authority stresses that they teach proper sword fighting techniques, so you can assured if you are ever in a sword fight, you can at least defend yourself.
Who doesn't love roti prata? Crisp on the outside and wonderfully fluffy on the inside with a savoury curry served on the side, it is sinfully decadent and a local favourite. While it is undoubtedly a great dish, there is actually a great deal of skill involved in making the dough, stretching it and of course, flipping it before being cooked on a searingly hot surface.
Described by the Prata Journey as a "flipping great time", you will learn how to make the dough, flip the prata and even how to make teh tarik (pulled tea) as well.
If you watched Jurassic world and loved the idea of the transparent, motorised hamster balls used by the park visitors to roam amongst the dinosaurs, then this would be right up your alley.
While you've probably seen the giant inflatable transparent domes on terra firma, these domes by ZOVB are meant for use on water. So all you need is a swimming pool, willing participants and you are good to go for the day.
Andsoforth offers an interesting gastronomical experience. Promising art, theatre and a dose of mystery, you can look forward to a theatrical feast and visitors are sworn to secrecy. You are even called co-conspirators.
A pop-up restaurant artfully decorated is created solely for your feast. Influenced by the underground London dining subculture, the team comprises of actors, illustrators, soundscape artists and of course chefs.
Rest assured, this is a properly unique dining experience with great food and an immersive experiential story that unfolds as you eat.


text:
LIZ Returns With Kim Petras Co-Penned "BTR 2GTHR"
Mike Nied @mikeynied | August 28, 2019 3:06 pm
CREDIT: Brian Ziff
LIZ is back to sweeten another month with the gift of new, retro-tinged music. The First Lady of Mad Decent kept very busy this summer. She kicked off the warmest months of the year with "Last Call (Afterparty Mix)." After that came an inspiring collab with fellow rising queen Slayyyter called "Diamond In The Dark." And today (August 28) she returns with "BTR 2GTHR." Co-written by the legendary Kim Petras, her latest is a '90s-inspired breakup anthem. "Yeah, we're better together, I wish we'd never given up," she sings over racing beats. "I still want you forever; I wish I never did."
She opened up about how the emotional collab with the Clarity icon came together. "Kim and I were listening to a lot of euro pop together one night including a bunch of German DJ's she grew up on. We got pumped to write, so we set up a session which basically become a two-day tequila dance party at the studio," LIZ explained. "The beginning of Scooter's 'Nessaja' was the main inspiration for the vibe of the track, and then we added in a more modern urban section to break the beat up the beat. I'm very proud of our emo-ravey love child, 'BTR 2GTHR.'" Fall in love with the track below.
Do you love the song? Let us know below, or by hitting us up on Facebook and Twitter!
Tags: Kim Petras, Liz


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text:
N.C. State's Evan Edwards(Southern Guilford High School) goes to the Miami Marlins in Round Four of today's MLB Draft
Congrats to Evan Edwards(Southern Guilford High School), now going to the Miami Marlins, after being selected in Round Four of today's Major League Baseball Draft….
**********Evan Edwards, N.C. State first baseman, Round 4/Pick 111 overall/6'0/200 lbs./Approximate Pick Value, from MLB.com: $522.60k…..**********
Published June 4, 2019 By Andy Durham
Categorized as College, High School, Professional Tagged Evan Edwards, Southern Guilford High School
J.D. Springer says:
Too bad the Marlins are such jerks or the Hoppers would still be affiliated with them and he would be coming through Gso on his journey up the ladder in the minors.
Danny Robinson says:
Well deserved!! Congratulations to Evan and his family!!
Andy Durham says:
from the High Point-Thomasville HiToms:
Former Post 87 & CPL HiTom Evan Edwards is headed to professional baseball!
The Miami Marlins drafted Edwards today in the 4th round of the 2019 MLB Draft.
The 2017 CPL Hitter of the Year became the first HiTom drafted this year – congrats Evan! You're a #HiTom4Life
*****The Marlins missed out on the boat that sailing in nice waters in Greensboro…Great News today for Evan Edwards(Southern Guilford HS), but I think we all sure wish we could have seen him play here in Greensboro, for the Grasshoppers…*****
Greensboro Grasshoppers land Six Players on the South Atlantic League All-Star Team:Brad Case and Alex Manasa(Pitchers), plus Mason Martin, Rodolfo Castro, Grant Koch and LoLo Sanchez(Position Players)
The Tuesday Night Baseball Scoreboard(6/4/19) with Hoppers, Rockers, HiToms, Dash, Copperheads, Mitch Atkins(Northeast Guilford HS) returns to the Triad, Enad Haddad now coaching for Asheboro Copperheads and Greensboro College


text:
Bob Siebenberg
With Supertramp
With Sleeping Chief
Shows with Supertramp
Bob and friends
All-Time Favorite Albums
Favorite Drummers
Bob Siebenberg - Discography
With Supertramp 1
Solo Records
"Glendale River" - New album on sale now!
1972 - Peter Straker - Private Parts
I met Peter through a producer named Richard Hartley. I met Richard through a musician named Peter Bennett.
I met Peter Bennett shortly after joining Bees Make Honey in late 1971. [See how these things work?] Peter Straker had been the lead in the London cast of HAIR. He was doing cabaret and was managed by MAM, a fairly powerful management agency in London.
Anyway, he liked the way I played after hearing me on a few of his cabaret shows and asked me to play on his record. It was the very first album I ever played on, and I cannot find a copy of it anywhere. Hence the blank spot on the page.
I was then asked to play in a show called "Mother Earth" again starring Peter Straker and amongst others an unknown up and comer named Tim Curry. This was the first time I had any musician's union hassles, being an American in London. When it was suggested they get another drummer, to remove the hassle, Peter threw a moody and "insisted" I do the gig. MAM, not wanting to upset their star, made a deal with the union.
They would pay me to do the show, and pay another drummer to not play the show. That way I wasn't putting an English drummer out of work. So this guy shows up every night and then splits to the pub! aaahh showbiz.
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HTC is the company that made the Google Pixel and Pixel XL smartphones from last year. And up until now we thought it would also be behind their followups from 2017. But it turns out that's only going to be half-true. While HTC is still probably making the successor to the original Pixel, the new Pixel XL 2 will be manufactured by LG.
This has been revealed through a bug report inside the Android Issue Tracker. There's a bug entry in there regarding a problem with USB Power Delivery, made by an LG employee. A Googler replied to that by asking that the bug be closed and moved under Android > Partner > External > LGE > Taimen > Power.
Taimen is the codename for one of three smartphones that have been in development at Google this year. In fact, just yesterday we heard that one of those three, codenamed Muskie, has been canceled. Muskie was the direct successor for the Pixel XL, while Taimen is a larger device. But according to that report, Google will only launch two Pixels in 2017 – this Taimen and the smaller Walleye.
Taimen being manufactured by LG has also been confirmed by unnamed sources talking to Android Police editor David Ruddock. So that's settled then.
This creates an interesting situation – if HTC is making Walleye and LG is producing the Taimen, then this year's Pixels will be manufactured by different companies. That's unprecedented in the very short history of the Pixel line, and it remains to be seen whether or not it shall result in design differences between the two. The original Pixels from 2016 basically looked identical, save for the size change.


Bay Cliff Village is an intimate oceanside community set in California's beautiful Orange County. This quiet enclave is ideal for older homebuyers who value location over community amenities. Homes are a short walk from the ocean and within minutes of recreations like the Shorecliffs Golf Course.
Located in San Clemente, Bay Cliff Village boasts a prime location and plenty of quaint charm. The community was built by Douglas Construction between 1962 and 1963 with just 28 single-family homes and a small clubhouse. It is an age-restricted community which welcomes residents aged 55 or better with well-established landscaping and lovely streetscapes.
Bay Cliff Village has a small clubhouse where residents can mingle with neighbors and meet new friends. A multi-purpose room hosts community gatherings while, outdoors, residents can take in the ocean air with the walking and biking trails that weave around the community's parks.
It is adjacent to the Shorecliffs Golf Club, which has an 18-hole championship course featuring challenging play and lush scenery. Proximity to the ocean is typically considered Bay Cliff Village's most attractive amenity. The beautiful beach offers clear blue water, sandy shores and gorgeous weather. Residents can enjoy swimming, sunbathing and a variety of water-based activities just a short walk from home.
Active adult residents in Bay Cliff Village enjoy beach living just steps from the ocean. While there is a small clubhouse for gatherings, residents choose the community more for its oceanside appeal and low-maintenance homes. The community is small, which makes it easy for residents to get to know their neighbors.
With only 28 single-family homes, Bay Cliff Village is a very small, oceanside community. Homes were built between 1962 and 1963 by Douglas Construction with designs planned for low-maintenance living. Resale homes today often feature lush, mature landscaping and various owner-chosen upgrades.
Homes were originally built in two different floor plans. Plan A has a 1,016 square-foot layout with one bedroom and one bathroom. Though this model is rarely available as a resale, its smaller size tends to make it a less expensive option. Resale homes built with the Plan B floor plan are more common to find on the market. They are larger homes with 1,266 square-foot floor plans, two bedrooms and two bathrooms. Both models have one-car garages.
Bay Cliff Village is midway between Los Angeles and San Diego, in the coastal city of San Clemente, California. This ideal location is a prime location for vacationers and retirees alike. It features gorgeous beaches, charming neighborhoods and quaint local attractions. The community is within minutes of shopping, dining and daily conveniences like banks and the San Clemente DMV. There is also a local movie theater, coffee shops and the San Gorgonio Park.
Outside of San Clemente, Bay Cliff Village residents can explore many other popular California destinations. Dana Point and Laguna Beach are just up the Pacific Coast Highway. Both Irvine and Newport Beach are about 40 minutes north of the community, while Oceanside is just 30 minutes south. Los Angeles and San Diego are each about an hour's drive, and the San Bernardino National Forest is within 90 minutes.
Check back soon for more information on the lifestyle in Bay Cliff Village.
Homes were built between 1962 and 1963 by Douglas Construction with designs planned for low-maintenance living. Resale homes today often feature lush, mature landscaping and various owner-chosen upgrades. Homes were originally built in two different floor plans. Plan A has a 1,016 square-foot layout with one bedroom and one bathroom. Though this model is rarely available as a resale, its smaller size tends to make it a less expensive option. Resale homes built with the Plan B floor plan are more common to find on the market. They are larger homes with 1,266 square-foot floor plans, two bedrooms and two bathrooms. Both models have one-car garages.
I moved in Bay Cliff Village East in 1998 solely because of its close proximity to the ocean. The bad thing: living in a duplex. The good thing: having a 6foot privacy fence between the two units. Douglass who starting building Bay Cliff in 1962 obviously knew how important it was to have privacy in such a small area.
Lots of grassy area makes it a very pleasant place to live.
55places.com is not affiliated with the developer(s) or homeowners association of Bay Cliff Village. The information you submit is distributed to a 55places.com Partner Agent, who is a licensed real estate agent. The information regarding Bay Cliff Village has not been verified or approved by the developer or homeowners association. Please verify all information prior to purchasing. 55places.com is not responsible for any errors regarding the information displayed on this website.


Whistleblowers are an increasingly important part of detecting Medicaid fraud while GOP lawmakers look more closely at those who shelter their assets in order to qualify for the program's long-term care.
Whistleblowers are becoming an increasingly important source of settlements from Medicaid fraud prosecutions as states try to raise revenue and eliminate waste and abuse (DePietro, 1/7).
As Congress sharpens its focus on deficit reduction and health care spending, some GOP members of Congress are taking a fresh look at how people shelter their assets in order to qualify for Medicaid long-term care. The move revives a long-running debate over whether Medicaid should be regarded as a middle-class entitlement or an assistance program for the truly needy. It also raises the question of whether 2005 changes in the law were effective in ensuring that people with enough money to afford nursing home care couldn't game the system (Norman, 1/8).


text:
The forms of water
Drinking a glass of water is the most simplest act in the world. Or rather, in this world. Very special and very rare conditions must occur in order for water to be liquid: our planet is a marvellous exception. Water is an extraordinary molecule. It is minute, made up of only three atoms, two of which are hydrogen, which are also the tiniest of all. The third is an oxygen atom, large enough to attract the electrons of the two hydrogen atoms towards it. The well-known chemical formula H2O means precisely one atom of oxygen (O) plus two hydrogen atoms (H). Due to the uneven distribution of the electrons, that is of the negative charges, a water molecule behaves like a sort of minute magnet: oxygen is the negative pole, the two hydrogen atoms form the positive one; water is therefore a polar compound. Just like magnets, water molecules attract one another and bond together in a fluid and dynamic lattice in which the bonds from and dissolve at a rate that depends on the temperature: faster if the water is hot, more slowly if it is cold. At 0°C, the bonds become stable and water solidifies into ice; at 100°C, the bonds become too fragile and water turns into a gas: steam. [caption id="attachment_51518" align="aligncenter" width="600"] Changes in the state of water[/caption] Like tiny magnets, water molecules attach themselves to substances, they slip into crystals, break the bonds and dissolve the matter. Water is an extraordinary solvent, it dissolves all manner of substances, but only those that, like it, have a polar nature: salt, sugar, lime, bicarbonate. Neutral molecules, that is those without surface electric charges, are also known as non-polar and do not dissolve in water. Water rejects them and they, if immersed in liquid, aggregate in large drops, as oil does on the surface of a glass of water. Interactions between the water solvent, solutes and non-polar molecules are the chemical basis of life. Water covers 71% of Earth's surface, but occupies only a thousandth of the total volume of the planet. If all the water on Earth were collected in a sphere, it would be a sphere sixteen times smaller than the moon. Water is a vital daily presence, so familiar that it makes us lose sight of its mysterious origin. Where does the water in our glass, that of the seas, or the water that makes up 70% of our bodies come from? The debate on the origin of the water on our planet has not yet been solved. According to some theories, water has an extra-terrestrial origin, according to others it was formed at the same time as Earth. [caption id="attachment_51160" align="aligncenter" width="600"] How much water is there on Earth? The large blue sphere represents all the water available on Earth; the second represents the fresh water on Earth; the smallest sphere represents the quantity of fresh water in rivers and lakes. Credits: USGS[/caption] Comets are solid blocks of rock fragments held together by abundant frozen water and gas in the solid state, such as carbon dioxide present in the form of dry ice. Theories that sustain the "space" origin explain that water-rich celestial bodies, like comets and particular asteroids (carbonaceous chondrites), bombarded the planet that had just formed and freed the precious substance on its surface. More recent theories hold that it is more probable that water was already present in the cloud of gas and detritus surrounding the sun from which the planets originated. Therefore, Earth is thought to originate from that ancient wet dust. It is fascinating to think that the water we are drinking is a mouthful of space. Recently a group of Italian researchers discovered liquid water on Mars by analysing the radar data collected by the Mars Express probe in orbit around the red planet. Under the surface, at a depth of approximately 1500 metres, there is a lake that stretches for twenty square kilometres and therefore as large as Lake Orta in Piedmont. It is very likely that it contains salt water because it is liquid even though the temperature measured is lower than zero and we know that salt, on Earth too, lowers water's freezing point. Together with the icecaps that make Mars' poles white, the salt lake is what remains of the plentiful water that once flowed on the surface of the planet. We are sure of this because traces remain on Mars of the ancient seas, rivers and lakes dried by the solar wind, the flow of charged particles issued by the star, that swept the surface of the planet, cancelling the water and perhaps simple lifeforms. The underground lake, on the contrary, may still contain the descendants of what remains of life on Mars: in any case, nothing more complex than a bacterial cell. Earth, too, is constantly swept by solar wind, but fortunately the powerful magnetic field that moves compasses deflects the flow of radiation into space. At the poles of our planet, the auroras make this constant battle between solar particles, the magnetic field and the atmosphere splendidly clear. There is also water on the Moon. It is ice accumulated at the bottom of the craters that are always in the shade in the polar regions of our satellite. It can also be found on the moons of other planets in the solar system. For example: under the frozen surface of Enceladus, one of Saturn's small moons, there is an immense salt ocean. This has been revealed by the Cassini probe that orbited around Saturn and its satellites for thirteen years before crashing onto the surface of the planet in September. Cassini took Huygens with it, a small probe that in December 2004 detached from it to fly by part of Titan and then land on it. Titan is something different. On Saturn's largest moon, the seas, lakes, rivers and even the rain are formed by methane. A hostile environment for life as we know it. On this world. by Andrea Bellati
ecosystems Australian wildfires, figures and consequences
water Life in Antarctica
earth International Mountain Day
water In the fridge of the world
air State of the Climate, here are the World Meteorological Organization data
published on 9 October 2018 in water
Drinking a glass of water is the most simplest act in the world. Or rather, in this world. Very special and very rare conditions must occur in order for water to be liquid: our planet is a marvellous exception.
Water is an extraordinary molecule. It is minute, made up of only three atoms, two of which are hydrogen, which are also the tiniest of all. The third is an oxygen atom, large enough to attract the electrons of the two hydrogen atoms towards it. The well-known chemical formula H2O means precisely one atom of oxygen (O) plus two hydrogen atoms (H). Due to the uneven distribution of the electrons, that is of the negative charges, a water molecule behaves like a sort of minute magnet: oxygen is the negative pole, the two hydrogen atoms form the positive one; water is therefore a polar compound. Just like magnets, water molecules attract one another and bond together in a fluid and dynamic lattice in which the bonds from and dissolve at a rate that depends on the temperature: faster if the water is hot, more slowly if it is cold. At 0°C, the bonds become stable and water solidifies into ice; at 100°C, the bonds become too fragile and water turns into a gas: steam.
Changes in the state of water
Like tiny magnets, water molecules attach themselves to substances, they slip into crystals, break the bonds and dissolve the matter. Water is an extraordinary solvent, it dissolves all manner of substances, but only those that, like it, have a polar nature: salt, sugar, lime, bicarbonate. Neutral molecules, that is those without surface electric charges, are also known as non-polar and do not dissolve in water. Water rejects them and they, if immersed in liquid, aggregate in large drops, as oil does on the surface of a glass of water. Interactions between the water solvent, solutes and non-polar molecules are the chemical basis of life.
Water covers 71% of Earth's surface, but occupies only a thousandth of the total volume of the planet. If all the water on Earth were collected in a sphere, it would be a sphere sixteen times smaller than the moon. Water is a vital daily presence, so familiar that it makes us lose sight of its mysterious origin. Where does the water in our glass, that of the seas, or the water that makes up 70% of our bodies come from? The debate on the origin of the water on our planet has not yet been solved. According to some theories, water has an extra-terrestrial origin, according to others it was formed at the same time as Earth.
How much water is there on Earth? The large blue sphere represents all the water available on Earth; the second represents the fresh water on Earth; the smallest sphere represents the quantity of fresh water in rivers and lakes. Credits: USGS
Comets are solid blocks of rock fragments held together by abundant frozen water and gas in the solid state, such as carbon dioxide present in the form of dry ice. Theories that sustain the "space" origin explain that water-rich celestial bodies, like comets and particular asteroids (carbonaceous chondrites), bombarded the planet that had just formed and freed the precious substance on its surface. More recent theories hold that it is more probable that water was already present in the cloud of gas and detritus surrounding the sun from which the planets originated. Therefore, Earth is thought to originate from that ancient wet dust. It is fascinating to think that the water we are drinking is a mouthful of space.
Recently a group of Italian researchers discovered liquid water on Mars by analysing the radar data collected by the Mars Express probe in orbit around the red planet. Under the surface, at a depth of approximately 1500 metres, there is a lake that stretches for twenty square kilometres and therefore as large as Lake Orta in Piedmont. It is very likely that it contains salt water because it is liquid even though the temperature measured is lower than zero and we know that salt, on Earth too, lowers water's freezing point. Together with the icecaps that make Mars' poles white, the salt lake is what remains of the plentiful water that once flowed on the surface of the planet. We are sure of this because traces remain on Mars of the ancient seas, rivers and lakes dried by the solar wind, the flow of charged particles issued by the star, that swept the surface of the planet, cancelling the water and perhaps simple lifeforms. The underground lake, on the contrary, may still contain the descendants of what remains of life on Mars: in any case, nothing more complex than a bacterial cell. Earth, too, is constantly swept by solar wind, but fortunately the powerful magnetic field that moves compasses deflects the flow of radiation into space. At the poles of our planet, the auroras make this constant battle between solar particles, the magnetic field and the atmosphere splendidly clear.
There is also water on the Moon. It is ice accumulated at the bottom of the craters that are always in the shade in the polar regions of our satellite. It can also be found on the moons of other planets in the solar system. For example: under the frozen surface of Enceladus, one of Saturn's small moons, there is an immense salt ocean. This has been revealed by the Cassini probe that orbited around Saturn and its satellites for thirteen years before crashing onto the surface of the planet in September. Cassini took Huygens with it, a small probe that in December 2004 detached from it to fly by part of Titan and then land on it. Titan is something different. On Saturn's largest moon, the seas, lakes, rivers and even the rain are formed by methane. A hostile environment for life as we know it. On this world.
by Andrea Bellati
Download "The forms of water" pdf file


text:
Q: Cannot connect to Exchange PowerShell to run scripts remotely using C# I need to run PowerShell script on our exchange server. I've enabled PS-Remoting and WinRM-quickconfig on both my local machine and SMTP server. When i try to connect I receive the error below.
Connecting to remote server failed with the following error message : WinRM cannot process the request. The following error occured while using Kerberos authentication: There are currently no logon servers available to service the logon request.
Here is my connection code below
NOTE: I can connect to SMTP server with this user account using RDP
public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //CREATE SECURE STRING PASSWORD
            string pwd = "MyPasswordAsAString";
            char[] cpwd = pwd.ToCharArray();
            SecureString pass = new SecureString();
            foreach (char c in cpwd)
            pass.AppendChar(c);
            //CREATE PS CREDENTIAL
            PSCredential Credential = new PSCredential("Domain\\Username", pass);
            //RESOURCE URI
            string shell = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/powershell/Microsoft.PowerShell";

            //ADDRESS OF SMTP SERVER
            var target = new Uri("HTTP://FULLYQUALIFIEDDOMAINNAME");

            WSManConnectionInfo connectionInfo = new WSManConnectionInfo(target, shell, Credential );

            //CREATE RUNSPACE
            Runspace runspace = RunspaceFactory.CreateRunspace(connectionInfo);

            //OPEN CONNECTION
            runspace.Open();
            using (PowerShell ps = PowerShell.Create())
            {
                ps.Runspace = runspace;
                ps.AddScript("Get-Service");
                var results = ps.Invoke();
                // Do something with result ...
            }
            runspace.Close();

            //AFTER FILE IS CREATED THROUGH POWERSHELL READ IT WITH EXCELL
            DataTable PF2 = processFile(@"C:\inetpub\Clients\MLK\confRooms-permissions.xlsx", "xlsx");
            importData(PF2);
        }

A: Figured this out!
Changed the variable target to Uri type and  address to service i added port/wsman

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Zug, Switzerland – trade.io announces that as a result of community response, the company has decided to take steps to enable greater participation in its highly anticipated ICO. This includes adjusting the entry price per Trade Token to a lower price to allow for broader participation and reflect the rise in Ethereum, which is used for purchase.
With the soft launch already achieved during the PRE-ICO, the price reduction lowers the upper level of the funds raised to approximately $135 million. The result of this reduction will be net positive for existing and future Trade Token participants as it will provide existing token holders with a greater amount of additional tokens, and will allow new participants the ability to obtain a larger amount of Trade Tokens. Additionally, the start of the ICO has been revised to December 5th, still concluding on the originally planned date of December 15th, 2017.
One of the primary factors that prompted the price reduction was the ongoing rise in the price of Ethereum. We've been selling Trade Token based on the price of Ethereum, and the impact of the increase in its value has priced out many of the participants with a desire to get involved in trade.io. The trade.io community now numbers in the thousands, and we felt it was only fair to lower the entry point to allow greater participation, and still allocate a large amount of Trade Tokens to our loyal followers.
As previously announced, we have surpassed our soft cap of $5M in the first few days of PRE-ICO. The modified market cap, as noted, leaves us with plenty of room to execute upon all original initiatives and milestones. We're anticipating some major announcements over the next 1-2 weeks and as a result, in order to communicate the updates, we felt it was in the best interest of the community to push back the ICO start date to December 5th. This will allow a more uniform ICO sale of which we are gauging tremendous interest, and will be fair to everyone who wants to get involved.


Thank you for attending and participating in the 'Deepening Community for a Collective Impact' workshops held across Australia and New Zealand. We hope you found it a rewarding event.
Thanks to our local partners for their contributions – City of Stirling (Perth), Together SA (Adelaide), JEDER Institute (Sydney), Redland City Council (Brisbane), Inspiring Communities (Auckland), Municipal Association of Victoria (Melbourne)and the Sumner Community Resident's Association (Christchurch).


Kyokushin Karate Leicester is located at 259 Belgrave Gate, Leicester, LE1 3HU. An interactive map of it's location is shown below.
You can get step by step driving directions to Kyokushin Karate Leicester.


A massive sewage spill attests to the perils of living downstream from Binghamton, N.Y.
Binghamton, which is situated at the confluence of the Susquehanna and Chenango rivers, discharged nearly 50 million gallons of untreated wastewater starting Aug. 13 due to so much rain, the New York's Department of Environmental Conservation reported.
The Susquehanna, as you probably know, is the longest river in the East Coast, flowing 464 miles through Pennsylvania, into the Chesapeake Bay and on to the Atlantic Ocean.
Sewage spills carry bacteria and a host of other impurities that, we can only hope, become diluted by the time they flow our way.
We weren't comforted when Binghamton Mayor Richard David told a radio interviewer that the discharges "will continue in the future" because the city's sanitary system gets overwhelmed.
In Maryland, we've come up with the flush tax and other means to curb sewage pollution. For our sake, New Yorkers should do the same.


text:
PM to join Virtual Global Vaccine Summit in UK Thursday
Covid-19 in Bangladesh
Britain's Prince Harry happy despite royal split heartbreak, says confidant
Growing concern over Brazil coronavirus variant, UK bars flights
Pharmacies join UK's mass Covid-19 vaccination rollout
UK reports new daily high of 1,564 Covid-19 deaths, second wave now more deadly
Dickson said he is very pleased that Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina will be leading Bangladeshi representation in the Global Vaccine Summit
Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina interacts with the public representatives and officials of nine districts of Dhaka division on the present coronavirus situation, through a videoconference from her official Ganabhaban residence on Thursday. Photo: PID
The Global Vaccine Summit will be held in London on Thursday which will look at progress since 2000, and how countries and front-line health workers are successfully addressing the crisis and maintaining essential vaccination services.
The Global Vaccine Summit, to be hosted by the UK, will now be an entirely virtual event.
"The virtual Global Vaccine Summit, hosted by UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson, shows UK leadership on a key aspect of tackling the pandemic," British High Commissioner to Bangladesh Robert Chatterton Dickson told UNB on Wednesday.
Dickson said he is very pleased that Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina will be leading Bangladeshi representation in the Global Vaccine Summit.
"Vaccination is always important to public health everywhere and Sheikh Hasina has a strong and internationally recognised track record of promoting it in Bangladesh," said the British High Commissioner.
Earlier, an invitation was extended to Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina who has been a global and national champion of immunisation.
"It will play a key role in helping us to move beyond this unprecedented global pandemic," Dickson said.
The Summit, he said, is an important milestone, including securing support to immunise 300 million children and save up to 8 million lives by 2025, strengthening health systems around the world and helping to tackle coronavirus in some of the world's poorest countries.
If the Summit succeeds, the organisers said they will be able to maintain immunisation in developing countries mitigating the impact of the coronavirus pandemic.
They will also be able to sustain health systems so that countries are ready to rapidly introduce COVID-19 vaccines; and by 2025 they will have immunised more than 1.1 billion children, saving 22 million lives, according to Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance.
The host country said this will help stop future waves of infection spreading globally, including coming to the UK.
It will bring together private and public sector global leaders, building long-term sustainability and vaccine supply security to reduce disease inequality and create a safer and more prosperous world.
British Prime Minister Boris Johnson has called on countries to come together in a "truly global effort" to defeat coronavirus.
The UK is already the biggest donor to the global fund to find a coronavirus vaccine.
International Development Secretary Anne-Marie Trevelyan earlier announced a funding pledge equivalent to £330 million a year over the next five years to Gavi.
This will help immunise 75 million children in the world's poorest countries.
The UK has so far provided £744 million of UK aid for the global response to coronavirus.
In September last year, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina received the prestigious 'Vaccine Hero' award in recognition of Bangladesh's outstanding success in vaccination to immunise children.
Global Alliance for Vaccination and Immunisations (GAVI) conferred the award upon the Prime Minister at a ceremony at the Conference Room 1 of the UN Headquarters.
Receiving the award, Sheikh Hasina dedicated it to the people of Bangladesh.
The success of Bangladesh in vaccination programme is now globally acknowledged.
Bangladesh hoped to reach the target of 'vaccines for all' in the country well ahead of 2030.
PM / Virtual Global Vaccine Summit / UK
Covid-19 death toll reaches 7,862
Corona vaccine: How can one obtain it?
Covid infection rate drops below 5%
Now 4-day institutional quarantine mandatory for UK returnees


A lovely white and gold Unicorn in a glass dome Christmas tree decoration from Heaven Sends Fairy tale Christmas collection. This decoration will look lovely on your tree or sit it on your mantlepiece. It would also be a lovely addition to a Fairy tale wedding or party theme.


23 * This is the class for rendering the "page tree" navigation frame without ExtJS, used prior to TYPO3 CMS 4.5.
70 * If not '' (blank) then it will clear (0) or set (>0) Temporary DB mount.
221 * Create the panel of buttons for submitting the form or otherwise perform operations.
311 * Makes the AJAX call to expand or collapse the pagetree.


1Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
2Healthcare Service Group, Samsung SDS, Seoul 135-798, Korea.
3Department of Computer Engineering,Myongji University, Gyeonggi-do 449-728, Korea.


4734 S A A2 5: triple-circle of Bloemhof on 1885 6d blue.
4735 S A A1- 11: light clear triple-circle of Utrecht on 1885 3d mauve.
4737 S A A2 15: large '15' BN on 1887 2d olive-bistre, unallocated.
4738 S A A2+ 26: triple-circle, unallocated, on 1887 2d olive-bistre.
4740 S A B3 Pretoria: boxed 'R - GEREGI[?]/?/PRETO[RIA]' on 4d.
4741 PS A 1902-04 KEVII HG #E5 1d carmine on buff, with diagonal 'SPECIMEN'.


Everyone likes a clean home, right? And while a clean home may feel like a house that is tidy and wiped down, there is another item that you might not be observing—the air circulating in your house. One of the main factors that contributes to the quality of air in your indoor space is the amount of pollutants that are floating throughout in the air. The pollutants can come from pets or be brought into the home through open windows or doors. We usually focus our concern on the quality of the air outside, but it's wise to consider if you should take steps to improve your indoor air quality.
According to the Environmental Protection Agency, poor indoor air quality can be the source for some health problems and could potentially cause dizziness, headaches and nausea. It can also result in extra aggravation for individuals suffering from allergies or asthma. Even regular cleaning and vacuuming won't entirely rid your house of these pollutants, so it may be time to consider a more advanced option. But don't panic! Heartland Heating & Cooling does have the answers to help you improve your indoor air quality.
There are several types of technology when it comes to air purification systems and our pros can walk you through your options and what will be the ideal solution for your needs. There are air purification systems that are meant to work with your central heating and cooling system to improve the air throughout your entire space.
If you are looking for help on how to improve the air in your home or would like to learn more about air purification systems, Heartland Heating & Cooling can help! Call us at 515-344-3579. Don't forget to read some more of our indoor air quality tips and recommendations!


* Fun way to learn essential math skills about money. Each set includes 3 game series – total of 18 full color cards to reinforce visual recognition, discrimination and actual size plastic bills and coins (14 bills and 24 coins). This game includes actual size and accurately designed play money, as well as 3 matching games to: – reinforce recognition of each coin and bill (dollar bingo), – market games to support the values of each bill and coin to arrive at the correct price and – comparison game to introduce the concept of greater and less than.


Pavakkai Pitlai or Bitter Gourd in Spiced Coconut gravy – Masalachilli - A Celebration of Indian Vegetarian Cooking, with a twist!
Any Bitter Gourd or Pavakkai crazy fans here? I am certainly for one and have always been so, ever since I was a little child. I believe creating a love affair with a vegetable or dish stems from an early age and depends largely when you have parents who encourage you to try everything. I always pass the credits for inculcating such good habits to both of us siblings, entirely to Appa or Dad. Appa loved shopping for veggies just like me and also helped my mom by chopping them.
Another reason why I love eating all vegetables is the fact that Ma was an excellent cook and basically anything she made, we overate!
Bitter Gourd Pitlai or Pavakkai Pitlai is the quintessential Tam Brahm dish that is much preferred over the vegetable or dry curry option. Basically, this gravy much alike Sambar or Mor Kozhumbu is Coconut based but spiced with a mix of roasted dals or lentils like chana dal, coriander, red chillies for the spice kick and some fenugreek for the digestion and balance the pithas.
The Pavakkai Pitlai also has another version made during Shradhams where the Arhar dal or Tuvar Dal is replaced with Moong, the red chillies in the gravy are omitted and we at home don't even add the haldi powder or turmeric.
My recipe is the quintessential Tam Brahm version that my mother made. I have added Brown Chickpeas which was my MIL's style of serving and the husband is quite fond of.
The Bitter Gourd or Karela in Hindi, are cooked in soaked and squeezed tamarind water along with salt, hing and turmeric powder which reduces the bitterness to an extent. The coconut, lentil spicy gravy is then added along with cooked Tur dal followed by a pinch of jaggery.
Yes, the jaggery is an absolute must to ensure the sourness from the tamarind and the spice from the red chillies are balanced. Also, it helps to kind of control the bitterness to a large extent. I have to admit here, I go slightly overboard with the addition of jaggery and sometimes enjoy this pitlai like Gujarati meethi dal or sweet dal. The grand finale to this gravy is the tempering in coconut oil with curry leaves. Seals the deal!
Leftover Pavakkai Pitlai is something I really look forward to eating with Ven Pongal or Milagu Jeera Adai. They are absolutely to die for combinations and in case you haven't tried them earlier, please do. So much better than the regular Sambar.
The Pavakkai Pitlai tastes absolutely wonderful with the full kattu sapaadu or the full meals which should have rice and not rotis along with a poriyal. My personal favourites with this is usually the Cabbage Paruppu usili or a Potato Roast along with unlimited papadam and a Thayir Pachadi on the side. A long siesta is a must after such meals to ensure you feel fantastic post nap and are ready to take on the world! Exaggeration ? Nah! Good food always elevates your mood, especially when the food is associated with your tradition and roots.
Let me share something here before you proceed to read the recipe — This is perhaps the only recipe that I had to cook and shoot 3 times. No – There was nothing wrong with the recipe, the photography was simply not to my satisfaction. All the 3 times, I managed to use the same props. This time, again, I am not entirely satisfied as the day i decided to shoot this, it was pouring crazy with a dark gloomy weather. Am I being too hard on myself? Did you guys love the pics? Make me feel better.
Check out the recipe below and let me know how you liked them.
Heat a kadhai and add oil followed by chana dal.
Add the whole red chillies, methi dana and stir the mixture till the ingredients are slightly brownish in shade.
Switch off the flame, empty the contents in a mixer grinder jar and allow it to cool before grinding it with little water.
1 cup warm water for soaking the tamarind + 4 cups to cook the bitter gourd.
Squeeze the tamarind well and extract the juice.
Heat a large pot or vessel, add the chopped bitter gourd and the 4 cups of water.
Add the squeezed tamarind juice along with hing, turmeric and salt.
To this boiling mixture of bitter gourd and tamarind, add the cooked chickpeas followed by the coconut gravy mixture as prepared above.
Mix well and you will see that the gravy has thickened.
Now add the cooked tur dal, check the salt, thickness and allow it to cook well for few minutes.
Add some water if you feel its too thick.
Add the jaggery, mix well once again and switch off the flame to prepare for the tempering.
Add the tempering and serve it hot with steamed rice and a poriyal of your choice.
Pavakkai Pitlai is thick in nature and not flowing like Sambar or watery like Rasam.
Add water wisely to adjust thickness.
Jaggery is a must to cut the bitterness and the sourness from bitter gourd and tamarind respectively.
In case you don't have grated coconut, add chopped coconut pieces too and it will work. Just grind it well with some warm water.
I use pondy red chillies for making the pitlai. They are the spicy variety which is more my taste and preference.
Yes, vidya, my mom also made a variant of this dish. Though I never liked bitter gourd before marriage, I have developed a taste for it now, but like it loaded with jaggery. Feel tempted to try this out with your detailed mouth watering description..
Loaded with Jaggery – Deepika, you think just like me. I hope I have tempted you enough to try this out soon. Cheers!
Looks delicious and flavourful. Lovely share!
Thank you so much Debanita.
Your photos are excellent! I grew bitter gourd again in the garden this year. I love the aroma the vines give off when you brush your hand against them. Bitter gourd is not my favorite so I don't use it much, but I did make bitter gourd pickle this year.
Firstly, thank you for assuring me about the photos. Bitter Gourd vines in your garden sounds wonderful and I hope we had a bigger place back in our city to grow fresh produce. The pickle sounds delicious.
Nice. You must see these https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCn7n9nuI85fuaZZiblobDOA/featured? or https://www.facebook.com/gunnmaymarwaha/ . Connects a lot !
Hey Ramya, How are you? Good to hear from you after so long. Thanks a ton and do try this, if you love bitter gourd then you will love this recipe.
I'm doing good, how about you ?
Always made curry of bittergourd. Nice combination of dal, chickpeas and bittergourd.
This is a most loved recipe with Bitter Gourds by Tam Brahms. I adore bitter gourd in any form and curries are one of them along with piping hot rotis. Thank you so much Rita.
Same here Jyo and happy to know that dear.
I agree Neetha, I love this too, in fact bitter gourds in particular.


text:
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