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Literature Study GuidesGender A Useful Category Of Historical AnalysisContext
Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis | Study Guide
Joan W. Scott
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Course Hero. "Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis Study Guide." Course Hero. 8 Jan. 2021. Web. 19 Jan. 2022. <https://www.coursehero.com/lit/Gender-A-Useful-Category-of-Historical-Analysis/>.
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Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis | Context
French History and Academic Scholarship
Joan W. Scott is not only known for her work in feminist history and gender theory but also for her work studying the history of France. The first book she authored The Glassworkers of Carmaux: French Craftsmen and Political Action in a Nineteenth-century City (1974) focused on a working-class resistance movement in 1890s France. When describing the approaches employed by feminist historians, she references French post-structuralists who dispute the notion that there is a singular self and contrasts their approach with that of the Anglo-American school. Post-structuralism began in Europe and asserts that the idea of a single identity is a fictional one and its promotion as a theory has been more prevalent in America than in Europe. She also uses examples from the French Revolution (1787–99) to illustrate her points.
Marxist Movement
The Marxist movement originated with the doctrine of German philosopher Karl Marx (1818–83). Marx and Friedrich Engels (1820–95) wrote The Communist Manifesto in 1848. Marx's ideas and theories were applied and interpreted in different ways around the world. Some socialist regimes used their own interpretations of Marx's thoughts as a basis to form new governments.
According to Marx a society's economic structure is the basis for everything that happens in that society. Scott writes about Marxism as well as some of its offshoots, such as Marxist feminism. She sees there is a limit to using this kind of socioeconomic analysis if a person wants to understand the role of gender in history.
Second-Wave Feminism
Scholars have differing opinions regarding when the first and second waves of feminism occurred. However, most agree that the first wave of feminism lasted from about 1848 to 1920 and is bookmarked by the first U.S. women's rights convention held in 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York, and the passing of the 19th Amendment in 1920 which gave women the right to vote. The first wave of feminism saw gains for some but not all women since the participation of non-white women was not welcomed. The passing of the 19th Amendment offered all women the right to vote according to the law, but in practice women from marginalized groups weren't always allowed to vote.
Second-wave feminism is associated with the 1960s and lasted through the 1980s. Scott was writing and formulating her theories during this time. Scott graduated with her bachelor's degree in 1962, one year before American author Betty Friedan (1921–2006) published her groundbreaking book The Feminist Mystique in 1963. Friedan's book argued that society shortchanged women by keeping them from using their intellects. The theme of the second wave of feminism is "the personal is political" because there was just as much concern for the everyday indignities women suffered as there was for landmark legislative victories. During this time the Equal Pay Act (1963) closed the pay gap between women and men (at least in theory) and Roe v. Wade (1973) upheld women's reproductive rights. Second-wave feminists also worked on everyday indignities by counteracting sexual harassment and advocating for women to obtain credit cards in their own names. However, these feminists did not unite to tackle the indignity of racism.
Joan W. Scott earned her master's degree the year after The Feminist Mystique was released. So Scott began her academic studies as the feminist movement of the 1960s was beginning. Scott was working in male-dominated academia during this time of protests and consciousness-raising. She joined Princeton's Institute for Advanced Study in 1984 and was only the second woman on that organization's staff. Scott had been working in academia for about two decades when she wrote "Gender: A Useful Category for Historical Analysis" in 1986. After earning three degrees and working in her field, Scott was aware that the academic world needed to recognize women's role in history and expand the idea of gender studies.
Main Ideas Key Figures
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Th3 Simple Questions - Slice Open Everyday Life by Mr. Jean W. Yeager.
Honestly I have been in a slump for awhile when it comes to reading books until I got my hands on this one... let's just say this amazing book found me and I am ecstatic that it did. The style of short essays or "slices" each with the "Who am I", "Why am I here", and "What do I want", format took me by surprise as it was an energizing way to read and process thought provoking concepts with each "slice" only being a few pages long and the analogies were artfully presented as real life experiences to which most anyone can relate.
My favorite slice was "Dandelion Wine: Alchemical Batting Practice" as I fully immersed myself into this "slice" with my own imagery which I could completely relate to as it left me with the warmth of sunshine still in my mind. All of the "slices" were masterfully crafted without needing page after page of extra words to get the author's intended thought provoking points across.
Full disclosure: the author is a friend and neighbor and has asked me to review this book. He provided the copy for review. When I first looked at the book, I saw that it was a mere 116 pages and I thought I could just sit down and read it in about an hour or so. I was wrong. The reader COULD just pick up the book and start reading and go straight through to the end. The reader might have some appreciation of the genius of the book, but likely not. As the author puts it, each entry is a slice of life to be taken up by the reader for reflection/contemplation or what have you.
The book is a work of unexpected genius. JY has taken the best of his blog entries from January to June of 2014 and packaged them into this unassuming little volume. He uses a particular style that can really draw the reader in. He asks, in each entry, 3 questions. They are: Who am I? Why am I here? And, What Do I Want?
Who am I? can be a very simple aspect of life such as, "The Midnight Shift" to something much more complicated, such as, "The Monsters That Keep Us All Safe." From there he speaks in the first person as if he were, for example, "The Midnight Shift" and describes just who he is and why he is here and what he wants of the reader.
It is pure brilliance how JY manages to bring the reader to consider aspects and meanings of things often not noticed or go taken for granted in everyday life, cuts them into "slices" and offers the reader the opportunity to stop the ordinary flow of his/her thinking and seriously consider some things and their meaning for themselves, the readers, things they have not likely pondered before.
The book is provocative and thoughtful. It is an open invitation to look at life in an entirely new way. I give it my highest recommendation. It should be in the library of anyone who consider themselves to be reflective. It also makes a great starting point for people who may never have given much thought to their lives and what is going on around them.
The questions may be simple, but the explorations thereof can be profound, thought-provoking, maybe even life-changing. Jean turns the spotlight on many aspects of life today, highlighting facets of our culture that influence us whether consciously or unconsciously. See 'I am the mask' or, read 'I am grass' for a powerful indictment of pastoral policy, its results and demands. Are we deaf? On the other hand, "Dandelion wine" was definitely inspirational for me.
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PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES- FECKLESS, FEARLESS, FOOLHARDY OR COURAGEOUS?
Some say the Democratic Presidential candidates were "feckless" in their response to what to do in response to the terrorist attack in Paris the night before.
"Feckless" means "weak spiritless, worthless."
Others say Republican Presidential candidates would be "fearless" in their response to what to do in response to terrorist attacks in Paris the night before.
free from fear, caution or concern; ready to plunge imto battle."
Some say to rush in is "Foolhardy".
"Foolhardy" means "daring without judgment."
All would agree we need "courageous" leadership.
"Courageous" means "firmness of mind and purpose." "Courageous spirit" suggests "less vitality than mettle to keep up one's morale indefinitely."


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WORLD-CLASS SERIES
WORLD-CLASS SERIES Latest News
CRITICAL REALISM ABOUT LIVERPOOL FC
150 MILLION VISITORS FROM 2010-2017
Gerard Houllier - RIP :-(
Lawro blasts: Snubbed star 'not good enough' for LFC. 100% wrong & here's the proof
12/01/2014 09:30:00 pm | Jaimie K
Liverpool goalkeeper Simon Mignolet continues to polarise fans and pundits alike, but one thing that most seem to agree on this: the Belgian has zero credible competition for his place in the team, and Brad Jones is not good enough to be LFC's first-choice goalkeeper. Is this really true, though?
In his weekend column for the Liverpool Echo, Reds legend Mark Lawrenson reiterated a view that most Reds fans seem to hold:
"If you walk into a Premier League dressing room, there will be somebody sat there ready to take your place.
"Mignolet doesn't have that as Brad Jones sadly isn't good enough at this exalted level".
In my view, Brad Jones - recently praised by goalkeeping coach Jonas Achterberg for his 'impressive' attitude' - gets a bum-rap most of the time. Some fans make it sound like he's a calamity keeper who constantly makes mistakes, but that just isn't accurate. In most cases, when he's called into action, Jones does a creditable job, which is impressive considering the fact he often faces long spells on the sidelines between his rare starts for LFC.
If it was down to me, I'd dump Mignolet right now and give Jones a run of ten straight games in the team. The Belgian is leaking 1.5 goals per game, which is worse than last season, when he conceded 53 goals in all competitions (!)
I genuinely believe that if Rodgers made Jones his number-one goalkeeper, he's outperform Mignolet, and Jones' stats clearly back this up:
* 29 goals conceded in 23 games (1.2 per game)
* 7 clean sheets (30% of games - 1 every 3.2 games)
In comparison to Mignolet:
* 81 goals conceded in 59 games (1.4 per games)
* 13 clean sheets (22% of games - 1 every 4.5 games)
As you can see, as a matter of irrefutable fact, Jones is more effective than Mignolet when it comes to performing a goalkeeper's primary role, which is stopping goals from being scored, and keeping clean sheets.
Jones concedes less, and keeps more clean sheets. End of story.
All of which begs the question: why does Rodgers refuse to give Jones a run in the team? The manager's job is to utilise the players available in a way that benefits the team in the best way possible, but when it comes to the goalkeeper situation, Rodgers has singularly failed to do that.
Some fans will refuse to accept the stats, and make lame excuses about X, Y and Z, but the plain fact is that Jones is a more effective goalkeeper than Mignolet, and even though Liverpool are in the midst of an atrocious run of form, Rodgers still won't give him a chance to stake his claim.
For me, this is mismanagement of the playing resources. I'd understand if Jones had horrific stats, but that's not the case. As such, he arguably deserves a chance to oust Mignolet, and if he isn't given that chance, then what is the point of having a back-up goalkeeper.
Ultimately, the fact that Liverpool have no credible competition for Mignolet is not down to Jones, it's down to Rodgers failing to utilise the club's back-up goalkeeper.
I'm not suggesting that Jones is the long-term solution, but after the Reds' shambolic defensive performance over the last year, he's surely a viable short-term alternative to Mignolet...?
Author: Jaimie K
← NEWEST NEXT ARTICLE →
liverbirdmate 9:57 pm, December 01, 2014
Jones' stats are skewed because of the opposition he's faced in most of the games he's been starting in over the past few years.
Stan Dinaround 10:15 pm, December 01, 2014
Jones has played against lower league teams in early cup comps.. The stats are as is usual with these comparisons, irrelevant and meaningless...
David 10:21 pm, December 01, 2014
Simon Mignolet certainly has not performed to the standard he showed when Liverpool bought him but I feel those who complain about him have generally failed to give him the credit he deserves for some of the saves he has made to keep out the opposition. If we criticise I feel we should be balanced and give credit where it is due - like his save in the dying minutes of the game against Stoke on Saturday. I agree that he needs competition from someone like Begovic (but not a Spanish keeper at the end of his career). It also seems Brad Jones is never going to get an opportunity as it is deemed by many that Mignolet is a liability. Let's be fair to them both.
Jay Jay 10:28 pm, December 01, 2014
Jones will have played more cup games against lower league teams. To ignore the opposition is silly.
I should have read other posts as my post has been said by more than me.
bobbygraham 10:34 pm, December 01, 2014
When has Brad Jones let us down ? it is disgraceful he gets more stick for making no mistakes - Carragher should be ashamed of himself for saying Brad is not good enough.
Mingolet makes mistakes whoever we play - a teams standing mean nothing. he is the weak spot every team exploit.
bob loblaw 10:36 pm, December 01, 2014
Yes, but you forgot to add that Jones' stats are not to be taken too seriously as he has played primarily against lower league opposition. I believe I am the first one to make this point. All hail the mighty Bob.
A king among men.
But he has played against lower quality opposition too though so put that in your pipe and smoke it.
Kop4it 10:41 pm, December 01, 2014
Give Brad a run - he can't be any worse than Migno at the moment and you never know he might just be glad of the chance to prove himself ...
It will show Mignolet that he can't take his place for granted and will give Jones some much needed game time to keep him up to speed .....
He is , after all , the only replacement GK we have and you never know when through unforseen circumstances we will need his services at a later date.
Any keeper in the world would have dived on the ball for Real Madrids 2nd goal he went in with his feet - an invitation to score. We were still in that game at that point.
Yes the guy should be ashamed for giving his opinion on someone he worked with for years and played behind him many times. As his opinion is less valuable than ours.Sorry who was it who should be ashamed?
Ash 10:47 pm, December 01, 2014
I think you're both missing the key point here; the majority of Jones appearances have come in cup games against teams playing in lower divisions. His stats need to be viewed in context.
For a man with a chainsaw for a hand you are very wise. Groovy.
Not a prem lg standard keeper at the moment and totally out of his depth in CL
No, we're all just primitive screwheads.
That's right. Shop smart, shop s-Mart.
Stuart C 11:12 pm, December 01, 2014
Please read the other comments before posting, You are all making exactly the same point and it's really quite annoying
JockInTheKop 12:27 am, December 02, 2014
I heard on Talk Sport earlier that statistically speaking this season, Lee Cattermole is better than Sergio Busquets. Make of that what you will.
I seriously doubt our defensive record would be any better this season if we'd had Brad Jones in goal although it could be argued that it couldn't be much worse
Nss Ssn 12:30 am, December 02, 2014
Sorry, but it's not easy to perform when the people you rely on the most as a keeper, the central defenders, are on their worst. It's hard to swallow, but it's true, can't really expect much more from him
Not You 1:25 am, December 02, 2014
Sarcasm is wonderous ;)
Theycallmemrburt 2:27 am, December 02, 2014
Roy Hodgson bought players and staff who were no where near good enough to play for us and I include Meireles in that. I was informed by Logan that Alan Harper was brought in by Hodgson and has only just been released. This is an incredible eyebrow raising tub of incompetence. Brad Jones is the last man standing from a period in our history I would much rather forget.... a born number 2 or 3.
Y 5:51 am, December 02, 2014
Did we win something? Must have missed it.
nick1811 7:27 am, December 02, 2014
Far out Pete, why so serious!!??
FFS since when does cherry-picked mean rejected?
Eric 9:14 am, December 02, 2014
I was watching a regional sport show last night and their guest was Erik Meijer. He said Mignolet should come off his line now and again but that he believes he is a very good keeper and he should be given more time. Not saying I agree but it was refreshing to see a former player come out in support of Mignolet.
david 10:45 am, December 02, 2014
I was going to mention how brad has mainly played against lower league teams, but to be honest, looking at the posts, i'm not sure that many people would agree so this would only antagonise the situation, so i'll raise another point which I feel is important...
something I have felt for a while is that this is simply a case of the teams style not helping. last season, we played a style that allowed for other teams to attack us, usually right before we attacked. never the less it allows for pressure on our defence and keeper. this season, I think it is fair to say we have played a pretty disjointed style, which again allows for teams to take advantage and attack us. I'm not saying we should keep the ball for the full 90 minutes and then migs would look good, but considering our standing, I feel it is fair to say that we need to control the game for longer periods, kind of like BR's first season, though that resulted in next to no intensity. On sat, from the moment we scored til the game finished (12-ish minutes, 5 in the 90 plus 7 stoppage time), stoke had the ball and attacked. I genuinely felt like throwing up watching it. We were at home, against a team who would see it as an achievement to finish top 10, and couldn't control the game for 10 minutes, despite having a manager that likes "possession" football. Stoke must have had 3 chances to equalise, where as normally in that sort of situation (big v small team, late goal etc) its a case of "well there's normally one chance isn't there?", and ironically if it wasn't for mignolet's save from bojan at the end, we would have dropped points AGAIN.
Bottom line- we need to start controlling games. I genuinely have faith that BR will learn this though. He always does. Changed styles after the first season to increase intensity. Wanted to play two strikers after the international break (but balo is still out), and now, most impressively, has moved gerrard further forward. Mark my words, this will be like a god send if he does it permanently (keeping gerrard forward, ideally on the right). Final thing he needs to also learn, PLAY SAKHO.
Stuart C 11:52 am, December 02, 2014
NonEventHorizon 11:58 am, December 02, 2014
My little boy has never scored against me, statistically that's 0.0 goals conceded per game.
Guess I'm irrefutably better and more effective than Mignolet, where do I sign?
Jaimie K 1:53 pm, December 02, 2014
islesfan74 2:19 pm, December 02, 2014
Jones has historically played against less talented or weakened opponents because he's usually playing mid-week in cup ties.
To say that his stats are comparable when he's playing Middlesbrough and Mignolet is playing Man City is simply incorrect.
belleamie 6:38 pm, December 03, 2014
The answers to some of your questions are so obvious one wonders what's the use of this forum, or the intelligence behind some of your questions, JK.


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Moreover, the Arbitron study concludes consumers that are reached repeatedly with a message show higher advertiser awareness, brand recall and purchase behaviour. Vehicle wrapping, then, offers advertisers and excellent opportunity to reach commuters on the highways and city streets, pretty handy especially for all of us in Sydney as we know how much time that can be!
We thought this makes so much sense to companies large and small we decided that we would wrap our new delivery van, let us know what you think.
Also if vehicle wrapping is something that you feel could benefit your business then please let us know we would love to explore the opportunities that outdoor media can bring to your brand.
For over 70 years, MAF aircraft have been serving isolated and underprivileged men, women and children, by providing a regular flight and freight service bringing the essentials of life into these communities as well as medical care, emergency food, and Christian hope.
MAF is also part of a dynamic worldwide partnership. Today worldwide, the partnership operates 142 aircraft from bases in over 30 countries.
BHB are proud to be associated with MAF Australia. We supply a wide range of printed material, Including their quarterly magazine, fundraising brochures and general handouts.
The commitment to brand integrity and quality of product that both MAF and BHB have, has made our business relationship grow stronger and stronger over time.
We sincerely thank MAF for their ongoing support and look forward to continuing our relationship for many years to come.
NAIDOC week celebrations are happening around the country this week to celebrate the history, culture and achievements of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. NAIDOC week provides a great opportunity for all Australians from all walks of life to participate in a huge array of activities to celebrate your local Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community.
For those of you closer to BHB's home turf of Penrith there is a Family Fun Day hosted at Jamison Park by Penrith City Council on Friday the 10th July 2015. This event will include kids and youth activities, mixed touch footy and netball games, a FREE BBQ, singers, care for the elderly and seniors plus free health checks and much much more.
One of the biggest myths about the printing industry is that its' yesterdays technology or "old media." Having worked in the printing industry for some 20 years now I can assure you that there are very few industries that have evolved and adapted to change as much as print has. At the heart of this adaptability is a willingness to seek out new technology and production methods to make print communication more accessible and relevant to our customers. One area that has made significant advancements in the past few years is in web based print ordering portals, often referred to as Web to print (W2P).
A lot of people would be familiar with web based ordering systems from vendors using a secure login and the typical shopping cart- proceed to check out web- based buying experience. Quite often these systems would spit out an order via email to the printer from the customer to be logged into the printers system manually. Within the industry these solutions were often referred to as "web to email" or even worse "web to nowhere".
Having been involved in developing and installing web based portals for our customers since the early 2000's we have often felt the disappointment, pain and frustration of knowing that the whole experience could be so much better for our customers and for ourselves. Thankfully there has been much progress in the functionality of such systems in recent years.
Today there are secure web based systems that can allow marketers and procurement to work collaboratively across many areas of marketing communications. Today not only can web to print handle the ordering and reporting upon all of your print collateral but it can also be extended to include the design, editing, proofing, storage and distribution of digital assets.
Web to print systems today have also evolved to allow the user to upload, edit, proof and go to print on many standard template brochures. Real estate agents for example could have user defined templates editable with pictures and copy details for each new house listed for sale and brochures set up to reflect corporate approved branding guidelines.
The benefits for the customer can be numerous such as time saved, ensuring brand conformity, fully transparent reporting and audit trails, 24/7 access from anywhere along with clear line of sight of all collateral that is used across their business. Many web to print systems can now be fully integrated with the printers MIS system further reducing lead times and human touch points. This will enable many simple and repetitive tasks to be automated and deliver correct press ready artwork direct to the printers' output device.
If you wish to know more about how web to print solutions can make your companies print collateral more effective we would love to hear your thoughts.
Social marketing is an excellent way to cultivate leads and keep in contact with consumers. It is an effective customer service arm for your organisation. It's a great way to challenge negative PR and offer details that conventional media cannot.
Myth #2: Social media will soon replace traditional media as the most viable source of marketing.
A company's comprehensive marketing plan should include a mix of social media marketing, email marketing and print materials. These should remain an essential item in the overall marketing strategy of your company. This gives you multiple ways to engage your customers and helps to project a professional image, build credibility for your brand and to help your company stand out from the crowd.
Engaging your audience via social media is certainly cost-effective in the sense that most of the sites available for participation are free to join. However, they still cost you in terms of the time needed to establish and maintain a profile or account. If you want to hire a dedicated person to handle your company's social media then that can be costly. Social media managers can be quite expensive. If you're going to use someone already on your team, you'll also need to factor in the additional expense associated with the time the person spends on other tasks, the newly added responsibility of maintaining your company's social media presence, as well as the training they may need to undergo.
Social media sites are user-friendly. However, to use them as a precise marketing tool in an organised way is more complicated than one would realise. A tailored social media strategy that suits your business, brand, or organisation, needs to be devised and you will have to stick to it, measure success, and adjust accordingly.
Ensuring that you have an effective social media presence requires you to have a multidisciplinary approach. Well-developed social media skills are essential as well as being proficient in various disciplines such as crisis management, brand building management and customer relationship.
1. Family Status/ kids etc.
2. What do you do at BHB and what do you like most about it?
3. What do you like most about working in printing?
5. Anything ticks you off?
Pedestrians' and Cyclist especially in the city who ignore the traffic signals.
6. What do you most like to do with your spare time when you are not at work?
7. Where is your favourite place to go or visit on holidays?
Any beach with soft white sand, crystal clear water and temperature to match.
8. What advice would you give a younger Liz?
From June 23, Job Futures will officially become CoAct.
Since 1997 we've acted on the streets, in boardrooms and at the policy table to create new connections, opportunities and programs to help over half a million people reconnect with their communities and the workforce.
We have a proud heritage as Job Futures and will continue to be a national network of locally-embedded community service providers working together to create social and economic opportunities for Australia's disadvantaged. But as the world becomes increasingly more interconnected, employment is now inextricably linked with many other community services. So the time has come for our name to reflect that change.
CoAct delivers complete collaboration, not a partial solution.
BHB Printing in conjunction with Job Futures have just undertaken a project to assist with their current rebranding which will see their name change from Job Futures to CoAct.
The rebranding involved printing several items both generic and co-branded for there head office as well as approx 96 other sites.
The products were varied in their complexity and were printed on a variety of substrates using offset, digital and wide format machinery.
The rebranding looks fantastic, their designer Cameron McDiven did a wonderful job with the new brand and BHB are proud to have had the opportunity to work with the Job Futures team and ensure a great result all round.
We look forward to continuing to grow a solid working relationship for many years to come.
CMYK, RGB, PMS Colours – What is the difference and when to use them.
There are three basic types of colour schemes: CMYK, RGB & PMS.
CMYK uses a four colour printing process that uses only cyan, magenta, yellow and black inks, it is primarily used for printing brochures, business cards, posters and other paper based products.
RGB uses a mixture or red, green and blue – this is the preferred colour profile for digital devices and computer screens and appears much brighter than CMYK.
PMS uses the Pantone Matching System; they are an industry standard set of colours that can be matched accurately over a variety of processes, equipment and materials. They are identified as a series of numbers ie PMS425.
Consistency of your brand elements such as your logo is critical to helping customers and prospects make a visual connection with your brand across different media.
PrintEx 2015 Wrap – Printspiration Aplenty!
Sydney just recently played host to the largest printing and visual arts trade show that is hosted in our fair city every 4 years- PrintEx. Trade shows are a terrific way to learn and engage with what's new in any industry and print is no exception. I thought it would be helpful for those who were not able to attend to give you a summary of the hot topics and trends being developed for suppliers and customers alike in the rapidly evolving graphic arts industry.
In the interests of keeping this post brief I will focus on three key trends we noticed most from the show.
The continued progress of digital printing solutions/equipment.
It is impossible to not be impressed by how far digital printing has come. The output quality is superb and is to the average person the same in quality and appearance as offset print technology. The types of papers, boards and substrates that can now be printed is enormous and this opens up many more ways for clients to communicate their message in multiple ways and a cost point far below what they thought was possible. Ricoh displayed their new digital presses capable of printing 4 colours plus clear in line varnishes or a white ink that showed truly outstanding print quality on dark paper stocks. They are also now able to print a length of 700mm long and at a very efficient price point these will be sure to gain approval from a wide variety of customers looking to stand out from the crowd.
The team at Curries again showed their continued dedication and support of the Australian/NZ industry by taking the largest stand. They continue to showcase HP's Indigo technology that is transforming many market sectors in print. The HP Indigo 10000 demonstrates offset quality production from a digital press in the B2 format (520mm x 750mm).
Value added binding & finishing is advancing rapidly.
There were multiple companies demonstrating new and innovative ways to add value to your printed products. Curries were displaying the Scodix Ultra digital finishing press that has started to gain importance as customers look to enable digitally printed sheets to be enhanced to a level that previously was only able to be done using expensive and time consuming processes such as UV coatings and screen printed special effects. Konica Minolta also displayed their own version of this with the MGI Jet varnish Spot UV coating system that provided some eye popping printed results.
Web 2 Print software to make your customer more efficient.
"In the near future web to print and e-commerce will be competitive requirements for print service providers".
I was most impressed by the work that has been done in the software and workflow tools that can not only enhance the printers' production processes but also that of our customers. There was a great deal of new offerings from Pent Net, XmPie Storeflow, Chilli, EFI and others that are allowing a greater range of web based print and design tools to be made available to your clients right from their desktop. They are no longer just for on- line ordering but can include digital asset storage, campaign management, artwork collaboration & approvals and much more. These systems require a significant investment on the printer but it has the potential to make the marketing teams jobs so much simpler and more efficient that it is definitely worth considering.
We would love to hear from you on any trends or developments we may have missed?


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Echinopyrrhosia is a genus of parasitic flies in the family Tachinidae. There are about nine described species in Echinopyrrhosia.

Species
These nine species belong to the genus Echinopyrrhosia:
 Echinopyrrhosia alpina Townsend, 1914
 Echinopyrrhosia arrogans Reinhard, 1975
 Echinopyrrhosia atypica Townsend, 1914
 Echinopyrrhosia browni Curran, 1941
 Echinopyrrhosia melanica Townsend, 1914
 Echinopyrrhosia pellacis Reinhard, 1975
 Echinopyrrhosia pictipennis Curran, 1941
 Echinopyrrhosia trophocyon Aldrich, 1928
 Echinopyrrhosia varia (Walker, 1853)

References

Further reading

Tachinidae
Articles created by Qbugbot

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


You will normally have a UK masters-level qualification (or international equivalent) and have published a small number of research papers to enrol in the doctoral programme. You must be a graduate (or equivalent) of at least five years with a masters degree, research training or equivalent experience. Applicants must submit their publications and a research proposal. If we have the academic expertise to supervise the proposed research, you'll be invited to interview.


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Brief Histories: The Caribbean / Gad Heuman
The Caribbean is not only made up of the islands in the Caribbean Sea but also of the mainland territories of Belize, Suriname, Guyana, and French Guiana. The region is marked by diversity. Some territories are very small, such as St. Martin, which has a surface area of thirty-seven square miles and a population of 73,000.
New Worlds: A Religious History of Latin America / John Lynch
John Lynch, a highly distinguished Latin American scholar and Emeritus Professor of Latin American History at the Institute of Latin American Studies, published New Worlds, A Religious History of Latin America in 2012, on the eve of the election of the first pope from Latin America, Francis I; it provides a very timely introduction to the history of the Catholic Church in Latin America
Empire of Cotton: A Global History / Sven Beckert
The cotton industry is fundamental to the development of global capitalism and broadly shaped the world we live in today. It is therefore important to realise the extent to which this depended on the militarisation of trade, massive land expropriation, genocide and slavery.
Mandarin Brazil: Race, Representation, and Memory / Ana Paulina Lee
Asian American studies in which the 'American' refers to Latin America have seen a considerable growth in recent years.
(-) Remove Latin America and West Indies filter Latin America and West Indies
Britain and Ireland (1) Apply Britain and Ireland filter
Cultural History (1) Apply Cultural History filter
Economic History (1) Apply Economic History filter
Imperial and Colonial (1) Apply Imperial and Colonial filter
Global Commodities (1) Apply Global Commodities filter


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Oshakan is a village in Aragatsotn, 8 kilometers southwest from Ashtarak. It is well known to historians and pilgrims of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
During the Arsacid Dynasty of the Kingdom of Armenia, it served as the main city of the province of Ayrarat and the capital of its Aragatsotn district from which the Amatuni noble family ruled. However, it is perhaps best known as the burial place of Saint Mesrob Mashtots: an Armenian monk, theologian, linguist and the creator of the Armenian alphabet.
Above his grave is a church rebuilt by Catholicos George IV in 1875. The church was covered with the icons in the 1960 by H.Minasyan. In the 1884 a bell two-story high, was sanctioned on the eastern side, an original undertaking in Armenian architecture.
There is information that Mesrop Mashtots established a school in Oshakan. Oshakan with its fruit-bearing gardens was one of the most famous villages of Armenia.
Just to the south of the town is Didikond Hill, where excavations have uncovered a fort of the 7th century to 5th century BCE, with five palaces. It consists of 40 rooms, halls and temples. During this time a lot of ornaments, instruments from stone and bone, decorations, idols and more than 100 memorials were found.
Just to the north of town is Saint Sion church dating from the 7th century, which is believed to mark the grave of Byzantine Emperor Mauricius, or his mother, as one historian claims he came from Oshakan.
There is a monument honor Mesrop Mashtots in the entrance to Oshakan. The monument looks like an opened book and there is Armenian alphabet on the left part of it.


text:
Q: Oracle Enterprise vs Express returns different results I have encountered strange problem.
We search from 2015-07-11 to 2015-07-13 (example situation)
In enterprise edition 07-13 is not included but in express edition is?
We are using BETWEEN
The column is DATE

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Through teaching, pupils are given the opportunity based on their personal experiences and current events to express and consider their views in relation to others who hold different views. As a result, pupils should be encouraged to get involved and participate in an open exchange of views on societal issues (Skolverket, 2011d, s. 189).
To assess pupils orally in the subject of civics in primary education is an unexplored field, which makes this field relevant to explore. There are numerous researchers' who with the help of deliberative methods, formative feedback, formative assessment and studies regarding classroom climates whom all speak positive about using discussion/dialogue in education to upraise and develop learning among pupils. Not all pupils have the qualifications to write, which can neglect them with the gift of speech. Therefore, it is important not to let these be silenced in education rather appraised and given the opportunity among their peers to develop this ability. This in its essence is problematic, which is why the field of the study is relevant to be explored. What the following study explores are the possibilities of oral assessment in primary education.
With the help of participant observation and interviews, I came to research and find that the teaching of social studies can be designed in various ways. In terms of assessment of pupils' oral abilities I would say is a problematic area of assessment. Teachers are not experienced or aware of the oral potential among pupils, in which my research also came to show. My focus for the study was to see how teachers look at assessment and assess pupils' oral abilities. In addition, what surrounding research tells about the possibilities in this area of research.


A couple of years ago, I met Mavis Muller at a Rasmuson Foundation Award's ceremony where she was a recipient of a Artist Fellowship Award.
Today, on a friend's Facebook page I saw that Mavis is still conjuring art, and I still need to figure out how to bring her to the banks of the McCarthy Creek.
What does Mavis do? Well, here is what Mavis has to say.
Mavis works with the communities to build large meaningful baskets woven out of the landscape. Messages are written by community members and then tucked into fibers.
In the end, the giant woven structure is lit on fire and burned away.
Last weekend was Salmonfest, a groovy three day music festival in Ninilchik, Alaska that SOMEDAY I am going to attend.
"In the rodeo arena at the Kenai Peninsula Fairgrounds Ninilchik Alaska, during the Salmonfest music festival, I and worthy assistants arranged hundreds of participants around a central design we created with fabric.
Yellow streamers radiating from the heart bore the names of threatened water bodies of Alaska; Chuitna river, Chuckchi Sea, Cook Inlet, Susitna River, Gulf of Alaska, Prince William Sound, and Bristol Bay.
Our message is that we love wild Alaska Salmon, the waters they thrive in, and the fisheries we depend on.
Thank you Mavis for showing your love in such a big way.
PS Follow Mavis's work on her artist Facebook page. It's very cool.
05 Aug	This entry was published on August 5, 2015 at 5:37 PM. It's filed under Art in Place, Just Plain Stories and tagged Burning Baskets, Mavis Muller, Salmonfest.	Bookmark the permalink.	Follow any comments here with the RSS feed for this post.


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Random thoughts, conocimiento no conocido, yachay mana yachasqachu
From the eclectic brain of Amos B. Batto
About me/Acerca de mí
Category Archives: Bernie Sanders
We should be grateful that Mueller just made Trump unimpeachable
I always thought that the Russian collusion story was improbable and largely a distraction pushed by the establishment Democrats to deflect from the fact that they ran such a horrible presidential campaign in 2016 that alienated their base and the working class. Rather than reform the party, the establishment Democrats used Russia as their excuse for why they lost and most of the media ran with that story.
What bothers me is that the media invested so much time in the Russia story which was always sketchy when we have much clearer cases of Trump doing specific policies in favor of Saudi Arabia, Israel and China and receiving personal financial benefit in violation of the emoluments clause of the constitution. However, what most bothers me is the fact that the Russia story sucked up so much oxygen that the media didn't focus on Trump's policies, which is what matters. The other thing that bothers me is that the Russian collusion story has helped push the US into a new cold war with Russia.
This entry was posted in Bernie Sanders, politics on March 29, 2019 by amosbatto.
Ranking the Democratic candidates for the US presidency
It is deeply depressing that the US presidential race started in late December 2018, which is 14 months before the Iowa primaries and 23 months before the general election. In order to maintain my sanity, I have decided to ignore all the coming drama over the next 2 years. Instead, I decided to sit down and rank the Democratic candidates in my order of preference, based on the issues that matter, not the soap opera that plays out in the news media. Now I can safely ignore the daily news for the next two years, but I decided to share my list, just in case it helps others who don't feel like following all the silliness that passes for news now-a-days.
1. Bernie Sanders
Bernie is the best candidate on the economic issues and he is the best in his ability to speak to working-class people to rally their support. Bernie is not eloquent, but he has a way of speaking that makes you believe it in your bones that he will fight for you and he won't give up, come hell or high water.
This entry was posted in activism, Bernie Sanders, politics on February 3, 2019 by amosbatto.
Why calling Bernie Sanders a "sellout" is missing the point
Anyone who follows the progressive left in the US has probably encountered a lot of criticism of Bernie Sanders ever since he endorsed Hillary Clinton for president and campaigned for her to beat Donald Trump in 2016. Some of Sanders' biggest supporters during the 2016 primaries, such as Jimmy Dore and Debbie Lusignan, the host of Youtube's the Sane Progressive, have now become his biggest critics.
I was disappointed by Bernie's reaction to many of the obvious attempts to manipulate the vote in the 2016 Democratic primaries. In my opinion, he should have publicly criticized the Democratic Party for engaging in this skulduggery, but I also understand why he didn't. He saw his candidacy as a way to raise important issues in the Democratic party and force them to be discussed on the national stage. He knew enough about the machinations inside the Democratic Party to know that he would not be allowed to win the nomination for president, which is why he was able to keep campaigning with such passion on the issues even when he knew that he would loose.
At the end of the day, he wanted the Democrats to win the presidency no matter what because he has spent the last 3 decades in congress watching the Republicans gut the policies he cares about. He knew exactly how evil Trump would be as president, because he had seen what past Republican presidents did to the environment, labor rights, market regulation, etc. He has no illusions about corporate Democrats like Obama and the Clintons, but he knew that he could still push on important issues under a Hillary presidency, whereas that would be impossible under Trump.
Bernie was afraid that if he raised the issue of election fraud and all the dirty tricks of the Hillary campaign, that it would discredit her in the general election and the Republicans would win. With hindsight, many of us on the left wished that he had, since Hillary ended up loosing anyway. Basically, Bernie decided that the short term political impact of denouncing the dirty practices in the Democratic Party would be worse than the long-term good that it might cause in pushing the party to reform.
Bernie has always been a politician who values small, but tangible gains, which is why he spent so many years fighting for amendments in Congress. Maybe Bernie's decisions were too short-term in scope, but we should also realize the long-term strategy that Bernie is playing. First of all, he is now angling to really win the presidency in 2020 and he thinks that the party might allow it to happen, whereas it wouldn't in 2016. This means that he has to play a delicate game where he doesn't totally alienate the bigwigs in the party, but tries to show them that the best way to win is a populist left strategy not based on corporate and big-money donations.
He founded Our Revolution so that progressive activists could work to reform the Democratic Party from within, while he pretends that he is not involved. This means that Our Revolution can work to get elected progressive candidates, but they generally don't primary sitting establishment Democrats in congress, and they leave that work to Brand New Congress, the Justice Democrats and the Democratic Socialists of America. This means that Out Revolution can work on changing the rules of the DNC, but Bernie has to pretend that he doesn't have a dog in that fight. He can publicly criticize the party, but he has to keep that criticism within certain acceptable bounds, and one of those limits is not talking publicly about the dirty tricks that were played against him.
These strategies have disenchanted many former supporters like Jimmy Dore, who want Bernie to found a third party that will force the Democratic Party to either coopt their issues or risk loosing elections. I understand the third party strategy and historically it has worked. Almost every progressive idea that was adopted by the Democratic and Republican Parties between 1870 and 1940 first came to the fore under a third party. Reformers like Teddy Roosevelt and Franklin D. Roosevelt basically adopted the ideas of the third parties and implemented them. Without the Populist, Progressive and Socialist Parties laying the groundwork, the ideas that became anti-trust law and the New Deal probably never would have been enacted in public policy.
The thing that the third-party advocates fail to acknowledge, however, is that the Democrats and Republicans have spent over a century laying down rules to prevent third parties from arising after witnessing the threat posed by the Populist, Progressive, and Bull Moose parties. Bernie is a practical politician and he has looked closely at the tangled thicket of rules that are designed to hinder a third party. He sees little chance of a third party succeeding on a national level, whereas he sees a viable path for success in taking over the Democratic Party from within. So far the empirical evidence suggests that he is right. His agenda is taking over the party.
However, as Jimmy Dore loves to point out in his Youtube videos, the leadership of the party is still playing all sorts of tricks to resist reform as well, so there is no guarantee that Bernie's strategy will work. The only sitting corporate Democrat in the US congress who has lost a primary so far has been Joseph Crowley, so reforming the Democratic Party is hardly a sure bet at this point. Dore argues that the leadership of the Democratic Party is going to make sure that Bernie won't win the presidential nomination, and he is wasting his time trying to play ball with the Democratic Party leadership, when he should be attacking them publicly. Dore believes that Sanders is "sheepdogging" progressives into a corrupt party that doesn't want to reform itself, when he should be using his political capital to build a third party that can challenge the Democrats from the outside.
On the other hand, the polling shows that Bernie is the front-runner to be the next Democratic nominee for president, although the mainstream press will never acknowledge it. The other potential presidential candidates know it, which is why Kristen Gillibrand, Kamala Harris and Cory Booker sound more and more like Bernie every day. Even if Bernie doesn't win the nomination, whoever does win will have to adopt much of Bernie's agenda at least in their public discourse. The problem is that a candidate like Gillibrand, Harris or Booker will probably pull from the Obama playbook, and run as a progressive, but govern as a centrist and a corporatist.
More important, in my opinion, is the work to replace the corporate Democrats in congress and the state houses with enough populist left politicians like Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, so that a Bernie-style president can push through Medicare for All, free tuition at public universities, a public infrastructure bill, ending the wars, etc. FDR was a great president because he had a Democratic Party in control of congress. He not only had progressive leaders in congress who were pushing the New Deal, but he was able to work in coordination with them to pressure recalcitrant congressmen into voting the right way.
I wish that progressive activists would understand Bernie's strategy, rather than posting asinine comments online like "Bernie's a sellout" or "we can't trust Bernie after he endorsed Hillary." Leftist activists seem to take a special kind of delight in leaving these sorts of comments on Youtube. It is fine to disagree with Bernie's strategy and to work on a different one, but at least have the maturity to acknowledge what he is trying to do, rather than engage in pointless character assassination and failing to acknowledge the political realities of the US. Bernie may be pursuing the wrong strategy and reform of the Democratic Party might not work in the long-term, but we would all be better off if we stopped trying to see this as the moral failing of Bernie as an individual, but rather understanding it as long-term strategy to achieve a set of progressive policy goals.
Personally, I believe that we need both an inside and an outside strategy to eventually be successful. Working for reform within the Democratic Party and third-party activism are both useful, because both strategies help to push the Party to the right place and these two strategies are not mutually exclusive. In fact, doing one helps reenforce the other. Helping the Green Party get 5% of the vote and primarying corporate Democrats both help to push the Party to the left and adopt a progressive agenda. If a third party is ever going to successful in the US which is a winner-takes-all system, then we are going to need Democrats in office who are sympathetic to rule changes such as ranked-choice voting. At the same time, working in the DSA and the Green Parties is certainly not a waste of time, because they pose a credible threat to Democrats who are forced to coopt their agenda. Even if we chose to work through a third party, we shouldn't disparage progressive politician like Bernie who have chosen a different path to achieve the same policy goals.
I follow the Molly Ivin's strategy when voting. Vote for the third party as a protest when the vote is not close in your district, but vote for the Democrat when the vote is close. I voted for the Green Party candidate in 1992 and 1996 against Bill Clinton, but I held my nose and voted for Obama in 2008, because I thought that the race would be close in Indiana, where I was voting. I voted for Bernie in the Democratic primaries in 2016, but didn't bother to vote in the general election, because Indiana was going to go overwhelming to Trump, so my vote was effectively meaningless. If I were able to vote in a place like Pennsylvania, Florida or Ohio, where the vote was expected to be close, I would have held my nose and voted for Hillary, despite her patently corrupt practices as a politician.
Given the kind of damage that Republicans are wont to inflict on the nation, progressives need to be strategically smart and not be ruled by simple passions in our voting. Part of that strategy can be third party voting, but it makes no sense to disparage the moral character of people like Bernie who are pursuing a different strategy. If you feel that Bernie's strategy is wrong, than attack the strategy, not the man. At the very least, acknowledge that we share many of the same goals on the left, if not the same way of getting to those goals.
This entry was posted in activism, Bernie Sanders, politics on September 23, 2018 by amosbatto.
The response to Alexandra Ocasio-Cortez
The primary election of 28 year old Alexandra Ocasio-Cortez (AOC) to represent the Bronx and Queens in congress has been a lightning rod for the passions and fears of so many Americans. Partly because AOC represents so many segments of the population which have so little voice and her win as an underdog was so dramatic, she was instantly catapulted to the national stage. There aren't many leaders on the left who are young, female, Latina, boldly progressive and telegenic like her. She has gained over 800k Twitter followers in just a matter of months. For the 58 million Latinos in the US and the millions of urban youth, they don't have many heroes on the national stage, so she has became the symbol to channel their energy.
Because she was so pretty and passionate and her story of overthrowing the man angling to be the next Speaker of the House was so compelling, AOC got a ton of media coverage both on television and in social media in the weeks following her primary win. Her use of the taboo phrase "democratic socialist" to describe herself and her call to abolish ICE made her the newest object of fascination in the public eye.
AOC carries the energy and passion of the grassroots left, but she also excites the lizard brain of conservatives, that seems to dwell in perpetual fear of the other. They love to attack her, characterizing her as both an airheaded dunce of the radical left and a dastardly mastermind who plots to turn the US into a Venezuelan failed state.
Anyone who listens to AOC talk knows she is hardly stupid, and most of the things that conservative pundits pounce on to demonstrate her lack of knowledge actually demonstrate their own stupidity. For example, when they criticized her for saying that Israel is "occupying" Palestine, they showed their own misunderstanding of the true situation on the ground in the Middle East by repeating the propaganda of the Israeli government. AOC paused when questioned and naively admitted, "I am not the expert on geopolitics on this issue," but what she said demonstrated far more knowledge than the right-wing pundits who have criticized her for her response.
The 1948 war ended with Israel occupying 78% of historic Palestine and expelling 750,000 Palestinians from their homes. The 1967 war resulted in Israel taking over the remaining 22% and expelling 300,000 Palestinians. Today, 600,000 Israelis live in illegal settlements in East Jerusalem and the West Bank and Israel has a policy of stealing more Palestinian land which it calls "facts on the ground" in its campaign to reclaim the historic Israel. Today, Israel controls 63% of the land in the West Bank and has joint control over another 22%, so Palestinians only control 18% and their movement within that 18% is restricted by walls, roads and checkpoints.
As a political novice suddenly thrust into the national spotlight, I suspect that AOC was trying to find a way to frame her response in a way that would not offend Jewish voters and she didn't have enough experience to know that she should never admit not being an expert or being unsure how to respond. An experienced politician like Bernie Sanders who has been handling these sorts of gotcha questions for decades would have anticipated the question and prepared response or would have known how to insist on the basic point that an injustice is occurring in Palestine, without getting tripped up by the details.
AOC hasn't always figured out the best way to frame her issues and how to avoid saying things that allow the right-wing attack machine to sharpen its knives, but it is precisely the fact that she doesn't artfully avoid the issue of Palestine and she speaks so passionately about the injustice of the current Capitalist system that makes her so refreshing. AOC reacted with the natural outrage an ordinary person watching the home demolitions in Palestine and the evictions of working-class people by banks and land developers in the Bronx. What makes her so attractive is that she didn't poll test her message before she called for the abolishment of ICE when she sees immigrants being deported and children being separated from their parents.
Fortunately, AOC now has a safe congressional seat, where she doesn't have to worry about being driven from office for giving voice to an ordinary person's natural empathy and moral outrage in the face of injustice. In time, I expect that she will get better at anticipating the gotchas and have formulated her responses beforehand, but it will deeply sadden me if she becomes another poll-tested, anodyne slogan machine who becomes so gun shy from the political fray that she is beaten into conformity with the status quo.
The right-wing talking heads have made AOC their newest public boogey to excite the fear of the right and rally the base. Just watch what Liz Wheeler says about her:
Liz Wheeler seems to be incapable of reading Alexandra Ocasio-Cortez's platform. Nowhere does AOC talk about the government taking over the means of production. Medicare for All means that the hospitals are still privately run, but the government provides insurance. When Bernie Sanders and AOC say "democratic socialism," they are talking about policies from European social democracies, not from Stalin, Mao, Kim, Castro, Chavez or Maduro.
Why does Wheeler think that Medicare for All and free tuition at public universities will turn the US into a Stalinist state? Every developed country in the world except the US has universal health care and it hasn't led to authoritarian dictatorship. The US used to have free tuition at many of its public universities in the 1950s, and it didn't lead to Communism. My parents attended the University of Texas in the 1960s, where tuition was basically free, and they didn't think that it led to the destruction of American values. By every measure (GDP per capita, life expectancy, surveys of happiness, education levels, etc.), Scandinavian countries have a higher standard of living that the US, plus they have lower levels of corruption (as measured by Transparency International) and are more democratic.
As for Wheeler's argument about the cost of AOC's proposed policies, Medicare for All will save the US between $300 billion and $1.7 billion per year (depending on the study). Free tuition at public universities will cost about $70 billion per year. Even when you add in free tuition at trade schools, it will be less than $100 billion per year. The US congress just approved a $100 billion increase to the military budget, taking it to $716 billion in 2019 and the new tax cuts will cause a $1.9 trillion deficit over the next 10 years, so the US could easily afford it. I haven't seen a cost estimate of AOC's federal jobs guarantee, but I doubt that it will be over $150 billion per year currently or $400 billion per year during times of economic depression. The US government employed 13 million people during the Great Depression and the massive investment in infrastructure in the 1930s helped the US grow economically over the long run.
The Trump tax cuts gave 83% of the cuts to the top 1%, while raising taxes on 72% of taxpayers over a 10 year period. Most rational people would say that America should have been spent that money on health care, education and infrastructure, rather than helping the wealthiest and most powerful Americans grow even more wealthy and powerful.
Three Americans (Gates, Bezos and Buffet) now own as much wealth as the bottom 56% of Americans. The best way to change the current situation where the rich get richer and everyone else gets poorer is to implement the kind of policies being proposed by AOC. Many countries have tried it, including the US in the past, and it hasn't created the kind of dystopia that Wheeler imagines. People like Wheeler seem to be incapable of rationally analyzing AOC's proposals and can only engage in fear-mongering and smearing because they don't have a rational response.
The ludicrous response from the right is almost expected at this point, given how many on the right called Obama a secret Muslim Socialist born in Kenya. AOC ticks all the boxes to ignite their fears. She is a socialist, a Puerto Rican, a feminist, a millennial and a product of the immoral inner-city–all categories that the right loves to denigrate and castigate as destroying America.
What is more interesting has been the conflict within the Democratic Party around AOC. The Democratic leadership has offered her a mixed response in public ranging from Nancy Pelosi dismissing her as a irrelevant sideshow in an unusual district and a cautious attempt to jump on her popular bandwagon by Tom Perez. However, behind the scenes, there are rumors that they are taking steps to marginalize her. It is unclear at this point how many Democrats will support Joe Crowley's attempt to dislodge her by running on the Working Families ticket against her in the general election, but is is clear that a number of the traditional party operatives would prefer to keep interlopers like AOC out of power.
AOC has become a lightning rod for much of the grassroots energy in the party that is pushing for real, progressive change, rather than the timid half-steps that have characterized the Party since the election of Bill Clinton in 1992. Although Bernie Sanders and AOC and most of the others who call themselves "democratic socialists" aren't real socialists according to the definition taught in economics class. When AOC calls for a federal jobs guarantee, you might call that socialism, since the state will be hiring millions of people, but when you balance that with AOC's calls to reduce military spending, the net effect might be that the state controls less of the national economy.
In an interview with Vogue, AOC said that socialism to her means "democratic participation in our economic dignity, and our economic, social and racial dignity." She continued: "To me, what socialism means is to guarantee a basic level of dignity. It's asserting the value of saying that the America we want and America we are proud of is one in which all children can access a dignified education. It's one in which no person is too poor to have the medicines they need to live."
I suspect that AOC calls herself a "democratic socialist" because she was inspired working on the presidential campaign of Bernie Sanders and met people who shared her passion for social justice in the Democratic Socialists of America. Democratic Socialism for people like AOC means less about how to organize economic production and more about how people participate in the political system and how ordinary people live their lives. In this understanding of her political label, AOC is not a disciple of 20th century socialists like Britain's Clement Attlee who wanted the state to run the health care system and nationalize the railroads, mines and utilities. Instead, she is a follower of Bernie Sanders, in the way she talks about grassroots organizing to build a popular mass movement for change, and the state guaranteeing basic necessities for all people. The word "democratic" is fundamental to that understanding since it is based on popular movements rising up from below to achieve a non-violent revolution of the political process. The "socialism" part means working for a more just society where working class people aren't marginalized and the government takes care of people in need.
Political scientists will throw up their hands in disgust at the way that AOC and Bernie Sanders use the word "socialism," but most people who call themselves socialists today in Europe aren't that different from social democrats in their policy agenda. Even in a country like Bolivia, where the Movement toward Socialism (MAS) has controlled the country for over a decade, socialism ended up meaning more taxation, rather than the government taking over the natural gas fields that provide half of the country's exports.
Maybe you can call Bernie Sanders a socialist in his advocacy of worker-owned co-ops, but that was a minor plank in his platform that was hardly mentioned in his standard stump speeches on the campaign trail. Italy has had a policy of helping to support worker-owned co-ops for decades and nobody calls the country socialist. If Sanders is a socialist, he is one who hearkens back to the 19th century when Robert Owens was setting up factories run by workers and Karl Marx was theorizing about how workers would run the workplace in order to no longer be alienated from the product of their labor. In some ways, however, Sanders is more up-to-date than his critics in his understanding of the word "socialism." The economist, Richard Wolff, who is arguably the most famous Marxist in America today, is a passionate advocate of worker-owned co-ops. Wolff repeatedly points out in his lectures that socialism today doesn't mean what it meant in the 1950s.
At the end of the day, the label "democratic socialist" is less about a formal socio-economic definition, and more about signaling a radical change in values and the style of political organizing. People are sick of listening to smooth-talking, poll-tested politicians who do the bidding of wealthy donors and don't seem to care about the welfare of ordinary people. Perhaps it is the rise of Youtube, Twitter, Facebook and social media in general which allows ordinary people to talk more directly to each other in the political sphere, but people expect more unvarnished bluntness. Working longer hours at lower wages and struggling to pay the rent, the student loans and the health care bills have made ordinary people angry and frustrated with the status quo.
When a politician like Bernie Sanders publicly states, "I'm a democratic socialist," it tells ordinary people that he is just at mad at the status quo as they are and he can't be bought off or dissuaded from trying to change the system. For the youth in the audience who didn't grow up with the propaganda of the Cold War, socialism is what they heard the right say about Obama for years, so it has lost its capacity to scare them. The label has more negative connotations for older generations who were inculcated with decades of anti-Communism, but it does not necessarily mean that they negatively view a politician who willingly adopts the label. Some portion of the audience will shut down and dismiss everything a democratic socialist says as the words of a deluded lunatic. Another portion of the audience, however, will conclude that the politician is honest, since nobody calls herself a socialist if she is trying to manipulate or appease people just to get elected. Millions of Democrats walked from hearing a Sanders' speech in the 2016 presidential primary, thinking to themselves that he was sincere and unbought, which is far more important than ideology in today's context. People know that they can trust Sanders to fight like hell for their health care and a higher minimum wage, and all the money and backroom deals in the world won't be able to deter him from fighting on their behalf.
After years of hearing politicians say pretty things in public, the blunt honesty of politicians who call themselves "democratic socialists" is a breath of fresh air for many voters who are fed up with the current system. The majority of voters don't need convincing since what Sanders and AOC are saying on economic issues is what they already believe, according to the public opinion polls. It is mostly a matter of closing the trust gap, which they do very effectively by using a politically-incorrect label like socialism and by refusing to take donations from corporations and employ SuperPACs.
Socialism in America has given expression to the leftist desire for meaningful change, but it is hardly the kind of revolution that its critics imagine. The right wing is using it as a means to fear-monger about the left and rally its base. Establishment Democrats rightly see is as a challenge to their way of doing politics, which is based on middle of the road centrism and milking money from wealthy donors. The leadership of the Democratic Party is waking up to the unpleasant reality that Bernie Sander's surprising popularity in his 2016 presidential campaign was hardly a fluke. He has inspired a whole new generation of similar politicians who are challenging them to either take bold stances on the issues or face grueling primary challenges.
According to Gallup, 57% of Democrats now have a positive view of socialism, which is down one point from 2016, but up 4 points since 2012, so the Democratic base hasn't substantially changed its views, but they now have a whole new class of political leaders to give voice to their sense of frustration with the existing Capitalist system. Democratic leaders who criticize "democratic socialism" need to understand what it represents and why it appeals to American voters who are hardly socialist in the traditional sense, but are embracing its promise to confront the status quo and improve their lives.
Most establishment Democrats aren't as out of touch with their base as Joseph Crowley, so they will probably be savvy enough to not offend their base and survive primary challenges from democratic socialists. The progressive candidates endorsed by Our Revolution, Justice Democrats, Brand New Congress and the Democratic Socialists of America have won roughly half of their races so far in the primary season, but they generally don't win against entrenched Democratic incumbents, especially on a state-wide level. Alison Hartson lost to Dianne Feinstein and Kevin de Leon in California, Paula Jean Swearengin lost to Joe Manchin in West Virginia, Kaniela Ing lost to Ed Case in Hawaii, and Cori Bush lost to Lacy Clay in Missouri. Where the races were close, as in Abdul El-Sayed's loss in Michigan's gubernatorial primary and Brent Welder's loss to Sharice Davids in Kansas, they weren't running against Democratic incumbents, so wins like AOC's are likely to be rare. AOC won in part because it depended on which candidate had the most loyal base which would show up to vote, since it was a primary designed to limit the turnout to the party faithful. Ordinarily this kind of limited primary helps the incumbent, but the number of institutional loyalists tied to Crowley weren't that many, whereas AOC managed to build a base of supporters outside the traditional party structure that overwhelmed the institutional voters.
Nonetheless, the very fact that entrenched politicians like Feinstein and Manchin are facing credible challenges from the left will inevitably change the dynamic in the party. Just like the way that Republicans were forced to cater to the demands of the Tea Party activists, establishment Democrats will stop being so dismissive of the demands of their grassroots activists, knowing that they could be knocked out by that same base in the next election.
Democratic socialism will be less of a threat to America than its critics imagine, since in many ways it represents a return to the politics of FDR and the party of the 1930s-60s which responds to the demands of its chief voting blocks. Today, voters are no longer as organized into institutions like unions and voting leagues, but social media, alternative media, progressive organizations and intersectional movement building are gaining the ability to bring voters to the polls in similar ways. Most of the political pundits and the leadership of the party continues to delude themselves about the power and potency of the movement.
It is unlikely that democratic socialism will present much a challenge to the Democratic establishment in the 2018 primaries, despite all the attention that AOC's win has garnered. The real challenge to the establishment will come when Bernie Sanders runs for president again in 2020. Almost all the presidential contenders except Joe Biden on the Democratic side have already embracing Sander's policy agenda to some degree by publicly supporting Medicare for All and vowing to take no corporate donations. In an effort to co-opt Sanders and win over his voters, Gillibrand, Warren, Harris and Booker are likely to start sounding very similar to Sanders on the campaign trail.
It is hard to predict the future, but it is likely that Bernie Sanders will be the front-runner in a crowded field if he runs in 2020 and his brand of democratic socialism has a good chance of winning, since it best answers the aspirations of the Democratic rank-and-file. No other candidate will have the kind of passionate and committed supporters like Bernie Sanders. Nobody in the party dislikes Biden, but the base of the party isn't willing to go to bat for him like it will for Sanders.
Even if Sanders doesn't run, it is clear that anyone who hopes to represent the base has to run on his agenda in 2020. Whether his brand of "democratic socialism" becomes the message of the party or not, his agenda if not his style of politics will inevitably come to the fore. The leadership of the Democratic Party had better make its peace with what democratic socialism represents, whether they call choose to adopt its label or not, because it is the future of American politics.
This entry was posted in Bernie Sanders, lingüística, politics on August 19, 2018 by amosbatto.
Whither American Democracy: FDR-style reform, revolution or slide into populist dictatorship?
Three people, Jeff Bezos, Bill Gates and Warren Buffet, together own $248.5 billion which is as much wealth as 56% of Americans. This level of inequality is unsustainable and I often wonder when the American political system will implode. In other countries, other political parties would have arisen long ago to replace the Republicans and Democrats, but the rules of the US political system make it virtually impossible for an effective third party to come to the fore.
At this point, it is increasingly pointless to call the Republican Party a political party in the traditional sense. A party is supposed to represent the interests of a significant block of voters, but the Republican Party increasingly only represents a tiny percentage of Americans when it comes to economic issues. The new tax bill is a shameless give-away to rich donors, while raising taxes on households making under $75,000 or less over the next decade, raising the national deficit by $1.45 trillion, and taking away the health care of 13 million Americans. Basically it raises taxes by $4.5 trillion over the next decade on the lower and middle classes, in order to give $6 trillion in tax cuts to the wealthy, of which 62% of those tax cuts go to the top 1%. One analysis found that 71.6% of Americans would be worse off, while 5% would benefit from the bill. This is basically a tax bill which says let's rob from society in general to give to those who already have too much.
This entry was posted in Bernie Sanders, climate change, politics on December 23, 2017 by amosbatto.
Can the US become a democracy that governs in the public interest?
At some point there is no longer any point in pretending that the US is a democracy. Yes, it has elections and institutions which take democratic forms, but for all practical purposes, the state no longer functions as a democracy, in the sense that elected officials and bureaucrats no longer create public policy which corresponds to the public interest.
Only 6% of Americans supported a bill passed by the US congress that allows internet service providers to sell people's internet usage information to third parties without their consent. Basically, the US government ignored public opinion entirely when giving away the people's right to internet privacy. Michael O'Rielly, Brendan Carr and Ajit Pai on the FCC just took away net neutrality, despite polls finding that 83% of Americans want to keep net neutrality. The FCC received 22 million comments from the public which were overwhelmingly against repealing net neutrality and the FCC commissioners decided to basically ignore the comments. A tax bill is currently being passed that raises taxes on households making less than $75,000 in order to give a $4.5 trillion tax cut to the wealthy and increase the national deficit by $1.4 trillion over the next 10 years. 62% of the proposed tax cuts will go to the top 1%.
This entry was posted in Bernie Sanders, politics on December 16, 2017 by amosbatto.
Bernie Sanders can still win
I have been reading a lot of articles (1,2) in the mainstream press saying that Bernie Sanders can't win and I even encountered one saying that Bernie should drop out of the race for the sake of party unity, so that the Democrats can beat the Republicans in the general election. Frankly this argument is bullshit. First of all, Hillary has 1139 and Bernie has 825 pledged delegates, but they need 2838 delegates to win, so the race is hardly over. All the so-called "pundits" in the mainstream media are saying that there is no way that Bernie can win since he is 314 delegates behind Hillary.
Overcoming that difference in delegates will be very difficult, but by no means is the race already won. I calculate that Bernie has to win 55.6% of all remaining delegates to win, whereas Hillary has to win 44.4%. Looking at the remaining states in the race, it is very possible that Bernie can win 55.6% of all remaining votes. He will probably win Arizona, Idaho and Utah on March 22, Alaska, Hawaii and Washington on March 26, Wisconsin on April 5, Wyoming on April 9. If Bernie wins the next 8 primaries, he might have enough momentum at that point to convince New Yorkers on April 19 that he is a safe bet, despite its large minority population.
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