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2013.11.29 Fri, by Translated by: 路弯弯
Meeting Chinese Artists: Don and Mera Rubell
>> print
Established by then-newlywed art enthusiasts Don and Mera Rubell in 1964, the Rubell Family Collection (RFC) is one of the world's largest private art collections. The couple began collecting art in 1962 on a very low budget; upon inheriting the fortune of Studio 54 owner Steve Rubell in 1989, their capacity increased significantly. In 1993, the RFC moved from New York to Miami, Florida, where the Rubells were instrumental in initiating Art Basel Miami. In 1994, the Contemporary Arts Foundation (CAF) was created to extend the RFC's mission. A 4,180 sqm repurposed Drug Enforcement Agency facility in what is now Miami's design district is a museum open to the public, with a regular programme of catalogued exhibitions drawn from their expanding collection. "28 Chinese Artists" will be the next show, bringing together art works acquired on five separate visits to China since 2001.
Iona Whittaker: You have been collecting for a long time, and internationally. What initially provoked your interest in Chinese artists, and what was the catalyst for your first trip there in 2001?
Mera Rubell: The catalyst was Zhang Huan. We met him in New York at a PS1 exhibition he was participating in. We became friendly with him and his wife. About two years into the relationship, they decided to make a trip back to China, and we joined them. It was in 2001, and we were there for a month or so.
Don Rubell: We met a lot of performance artists and a lot of intellectuals—there were a number of group activities, but not as many individual artists. Most of the people we met were professors or young philosophers who were thinking about art but not really producing it. We didn't meet many artists until they became known in the West—for example, the ones who appeared in the 2007 Venice Biennale. And to be quite honest, before that Chinese art was not of particular interest to us, so we didn't go out of our way to follow it. We did encounter Ai Weiwei in Beijing, and collected his work at that time, and of course Zhan Wang's work. I can't say that we connected with a lot of the art that came about subsequent to that. So, time passed. We went back to China six years ago, then a few more times after that—we thought it would be interesting to see what was happening there.
MR: We just didn't connect. It's not as if we liked or didn't like it. It was strange, a foreign culture—we didn't really understand it.
DR: I would have to say the earlier work we saw was more directed towards communicating with the West. This art is very much concerned with Chinese culture, and you just don't get the feeling that it's accessible to a broader audience.
IW: Your impressions obviously changed. Could you talk a little more about that?
MR: Well, let's talk about the artists we ended up connecting with. There's a lot of conceptual work here (in the exhibition, "28 Chinese Artists"); it's hard to make generalizations yet, but after ten years of seeing this work, this is really the first time that it has all been shown together. It's about engaging with the artists on an individual basis, rather than experiencing the works together as a whole.
IW: So perhaps this show is more like a beginning.
MR: This is not a curatorial exercise—we didn't come up with an agenda, as you can see from the title. I think it's really about presenting artists that we're really intrigued by and the works we fell in love with. Interestingly enough, now that we're installing the show, there is a language emerging amongst these artists that is intriguing.
DR: It's when we find a group of artists that are interesting that we'll show the work.
MR: We visited approximately one hundred studios in China, and we ended up collecting twenty-eight artists' work. It comes out of an understanding, an attraction and availability. The other artists weren't of as much interest, for various reasons.
IW: Your approach is to collect a number of works by an artist and then to look in a broader way at their practice—have you done this with the Chinese artists also?
MR: Absolutely.
DR: We visited studios three or four times and obtained examples of their work from different periods.
MR: We really say, "This is we work that we are going to insert into a broader collection."
Liu Wei, "Liberation No.1", 2013, oil on canvas, 300 x 540 cm, acquired in 2013
刘韡, 《解放 1》, 2013, 布面油画, 300 x 540 厘米, 收藏于 2013
IW: In terms of the catalog, are you including essays in it, or is it simply a list of works with images etc.?
MR: Normally, we do engage with writers and scholarship; but there are so many young artists here. Our Director really pushed us to see if the artists themselves would contribute about their work. At first I said "This is never going to happen—no way," but then all twenty-eight did. This catalog is designed to personalize the work—by which I mean putting the faces to the art. At first, there was some objection because it felt like a magazine—we have a full-page picture of every artist and a statement. For us, it was a way to get past the confusion of names in a different language. We wanted the work to connect with the face of the person we met and spent time in the studio with. The catalog really became something other than a kind of academic document. We aren't that interested in theory right now, but in asking the artists to communicate. Anything they wanted to say we would put in the catalog.
IW: There is still a dearth of materials about contemporary Chinese art. What do you use for reference and to keep abreast of developments in the scene when you are not in China?
DR: We have all the magazines. We communicate with curators and with gallerists obsessively. Although we visited 100 studios, we probably saw or spoke to people about the work of five hundred artists. But of course, we can only visit China a limited number of times. We use the internet and talk to other people to get an idea about the work. Quite honestly, the art scene in China is very polarized between people who support this or that group of artists to the exclusion of the others, so we felt we had to get a broad understanding before we went. We cannot rely on one person to direct what to we see.
MR: We came with a plan, and it was to hear opinions from many different corners.
DR: We visited nearly every serious gallery in China — all over the country — trying to map as much information as possible. The studios were the end point for us.
MR: Every time we met someone we asked them for a list of ten artists and said "Let's talk about these artists—what is their history, their connection and so forth?" Between 2001 and when we really started going again, there were three artists we ended up with—Ai Weiwei, Huang Yongping and Li Songsong. When we went back six years ago, we visited Qiu Zhijie's studio, but he wasn't there. Seeing the work without sitting down and getting to the heart of something just doesn't work for us, so it was the second time that we went to see him that we said, "Oh my god, this is very serious and amazing practice." We ended up acquiring several works, one of which is called "Darkness Illuminates Me" (created when Qiu spent a year in Nanjing, where there is a bridge people commit suicide from). It's not a political work—it's a work about humanity. It made us feel that there is something tremendously profound going on in China. You realize that this is not an artist who makes objects; he is committed to an activity that deals with making a human difference in the world through art. It's very meaningful, and that language is universal.
IW: What would you say are the major developments that you feel you've witnessed whilst observing the art scene and talking to the artists over the last few years?
MR: Well, I think the freedom and the possibilities for the actual making of art have changed. Video art, for example—that's a big deal because somebody can have no space and be anywhere and still be able to produce very strong work. The videos we are presenting are so compelling. Technology has become so accessible. It's now conceivable for an artist to create what would have previously been impossible. The computer has opened the door for all this, and interestingly enough there are certain artists who are using machines to paint, with works that are directed by the computer. We are thinking of Xie Molin.
DR: Two major events have occurred. One is the development of galleries in China, and the other is the emergence of Chinese collectors. Artists no longer make art that's just going to be appreciated in the West; Chinese—or Asian—collectors are supporting the work they are producing now. I think this gives them a degree of freedom, not unlike in the Middle Ages when you went from having guilds to artists being valued as individuals. I think an artist can now support himself doing whatever he wants because of a different market. We're seeing a greater internationalization of the artists, in that they are in dialogue much more with Western art, and that's to do with the zeitgeist.
IW: It might seem an odd question, but do you ever feel aware of taking these works to America?
MR: This is an interesting question because really, these are all young artists who continue to work, and they want an audience. I think there is something to be said about leaving home and coming back; for these artists, it's a tremendous resource to have admiring collectors and audiences in other parts of the world. For me art is an object, but it's also an idea, and these works circulate in the world to grow and develop themselves. These are young artists extending their reach; it's a give and a take. At a certain point, art is public.
DR: There would otherwise be no improvement in art because it would be about very tight local concerns with no contrasts. This international condition spurs it because the work is valued where it goes.
IW: Many people are unfamiliar with Chinese art or have preconceptions about the country. How do you assess the tastes and expectations of your local audience in this regard?
DR: We just show people things we like—we have no agenda.
MR: We're really not coming back with any specific message. It would be so pretentious for us to pretend to know China. All we can say—and this is why we struggled with the title so much—is that it's a vast country and an ancient culture. We only speak about what we experienced, what we saw and what we're committed to. This is simply our taste and our commitment to these 28 Chinese artists. There is a language and a humanity that humans share—art, like music, has a way of speaking beyond languages.
MR: Right now we have a group of students here assembling a piece called "Boat" (by Zhu Jinshi), which is composed of 8,000 or 9,000 pieces of paper. In a way, I wish the audience could see the process. It's hard for me to explain, but it has something to do with culture in China—the devotion, patience and Zen that goes into a group of people making this piece happen. It's unbelievable. All this year we've been contemplating it. I think this is one piece that people might think could have been made by a European—I don't know. I can't imagine an American artist making this piece.
IW: The works you acquire are always chosen based on debate and a final consensus amongst your family members. What sorts of points arose in your discussions about which Chinese works to buy?
DR: It's a conversation that is not unique to the Chinese works—it's about the quality of the work, the perception of the work and the potential of the artist.
IW: But are there any particular moments or stories you recall from your visits?
MR: I think that at first, especially regarding the studio (Xie Molin's) where you have the artist-made machine, we are inclined to love the artist's hand. We had to turn ourselves around to understand that sometimes the mind is more powerful than the hand or that the mind creates the hand, which is also acceptable. As we said before, there is this zeitgeist happening. We were in Wade Guyton's studio five years ago, and were introduced to his method of copying with a Xerox machine. We said, "Oh my god, this is unacceptable, it's ridiculous—how can you expect us to take this seriously?"
DR: The randomness of the machine….
MR: But we ended up buying the work, even though initially we'd found it ridiculous and terrible! What we're witnessing is the mind being as powerful as the manual gesture.
DR: I have a statement I like which is "We're not the artists"; the truth is that we have to go where the interesting work is, even if it's work that we would not normally pursue—for example geometric abstraction. There is something very interesting happening in that realm in China today.
MR: I think that probably is the model for our collection. The truth of the matter is, most people collect the art of their generation. If you want to keep going—and we've been doing this for a long time—it's really about going where you don't even know, and you have to be open to what you feel. That's why having the younger generation with us means that we are constantly being banged over the head and asked, "Are you looking at what you already know or are you exploring what you don't know?" The unknown is there to be experienced.
[Correction: an earlier version mistakenly referred to Zhan Wang; the correct name is Zhang Huan]
Xu Zhen, "Empire's Way of Thinking", 2011, embroidery and plastic on canvas, 106 3/4 x 139 in. (271 x 353 cm), produced by MadeIn Company, acquired in 2011
徐震, 《帝国的思考方式》, 2011, 刺绣和塑料在画布上, 106 3/4 x 139 寸 (271 x 353 厘米), 没顶公司出品, 收藏于2011
Facade view
展馆正面
Zhu Jinshi, "Boat", 2012, xuan paper, bamboo and cotton thread, 590 x 137 x 165 in. (1500 x 350 x 420 cm), acquired in 2013
朱金石, 《船》, 2012, 宣纸, 竹子和棉线, 590 x 137 x 165 寸 (1500 x 350 x 420 厘米), 收藏于 2013
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Keywords: ai weiwei, Ai Weiwei interview, Art Basel Miami, art collector, chen wei, Chen Zhou, Chinese art collection, Chinese art exhibition USA, contemporary art collection, Don and Mera Rubell, Fang Lu, He Xiangyu, Hu Qingyan, Hu Xiangqian, Huang Ran, Huang Yongping, interview, Iona Whittaker, Lan Zhenghui, Li Ming, li ran, Li Shurui, Li Songsong, Li Zhanyang, Liu Chuang, Liu Wei, Miami art scene, Qiu Zhijie, randian, RFC, Rubell Collection, Rubell Family Collection, Rubell Family Collection/Contemporary Arts Foundation, Rubell museum Miami, Rubell private museum Miami, Shang Yixin, Steve Rubell, Studio 54, Wang Guangle, Wang Xingwei, Xie Molin, Xu Zhen, Yan Xing, zhang enli, Zhang Huan, Zhao Yao, Zhu Jinshi, "28 Chinese", "中华廿八人"展览, 会见中国艺术家, 卢贝尔家族收藏馆, 唐·卢贝尔, 唐与梅拉·卢贝尔, 张洹, 朱金石, 李松松, 梅拉·卢贝尔, 艾未未, 谢墨凛, 邱志杰, 黄永砯, 黑暗照亮了我,
>> Sifang Art Museum: Possible Worlds四方美术馆:镜花诸界
>> Coercion or Consciousness: Qiu Xiaofei at Beijing Commune强迫还是意识:北京公社-仇晓飞个展
>> Glance: Shang Yixin展览观:尚一心


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RoboticsRobotic EngineeringTechnologyAI - Artificial Intelligence
Racial bias and injustice trickles down to robotics too
a month ago by Chief Editor • 4 min read
Racial discrimination of any sort is highly ridiculed today and very rightly so. But does it still show up in unexpected places? Sadly, yes. Research suggests that robotics and AI, closely related to human behavioral traits, are also not immune to the impact of the same.
Closely associated with human ecosystem, robotics tends to imbibe many behavioral aspects from humans. When positive, it helps in serving humanity. But adverse traits bring about an equally negative impact too. Read on how human bias and related injustice related characteristics are present in robotic applications and what steps can be taken to eliminate these from the root. After all, a fair society is one where everyone is equal.
Most roboticists focus on the design of intelligent machines with the goal of positively affecting the world, i.e., building robots in service to humanity. To this end, roboticists should embrace the concept in which our robot systems are explicitly designed to work with uniformly positive performance across the diversity of users. Unfortunately, researchers have shown that this is not always the case. Object detection systems, of the kinds used in autonomous vehicles, have uniformly poorer performance when it comes to detecting pedestrians with darker skin tones. Researchers have also shown that racial bias exists in commercial facial recognition application programming interfaces or APIs.
It is not just the responsibility of society or governing bodies to take on the challenge of fixing racial bias and inequity. Roboticists also need to take on the responsibility to make sure we do not cause equivalent harm in developing new technologies. And if the harm we are creating is negatively affecting one group or groups more than another, it is our responsibility to fix that. After all, roboticists are pretty skilled at finding solutions to hard, seemingly unsolvable problems. It is time to apply those skills to fix this one.
We propose that developers should consider the ethical implications of robotic usage—namely, ethical use and equity in performance—especially when robot use could result in harm to any group. We define ethical use as the process for weighing the potential benefits against the possible risk of harm to all affected groups; only when this weighting factor is positive and sufficiently mitigates harm should deployment of the technology be considered. We define equity in performance as a metric to determine to what extent a deployed technology's performance is uncorrelated with a group's protected characteristics (race, ethnicity, age, gender, sex, etc.). If there is lack of equity in performance, then the implications deploying such technology should be carefully considered as well as the reliance of the technology.
We believe that an important step in addressing equity in performance as well as ethical use is to ensure more diverse teams are the creators of these technologies and to understand how to draw on their diverse backgrounds for team success; the very practical consequence of this concept is that diverse backgrounds will allow use and implications of the technology to be seen from unique perspectives, increasing the chances for equity and ethics. Diverse teams can also lead to better performance—this fact has been shown time and time again. Thus, to begin the process of addressing this problem, a new organization was founded: Black in Robotics (BiR) (www.blackinrobotics.org). BiR is an organization that was born to address the systemic inequities found in our robotics community by focusing on three primary pillars—community, advocacy, and accountability.
This can be defined as a sense of fellowship with those that share similar characteristics and goals and has been shown to directly correlate with success in STEM higher education for underrepresented minorities. As discussed in, while there are no U.S. statistics collected specifically about the demographics of the robotics workforce, we can examine the engineering workforce statistics as an indicative metric. In 2018, 12.7% of the U.S. population was Black or African American, but only 4.2% of bachelor's degrees in engineering went to Black scholars. This issue of lack of diversity is also found in the tightly integrated field of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly when it comes to algorithm design and testing for AI systems that affect diverse populations. BiR plans to build community through networking and mentorship. We believe that establishing community is the first step to increasing the presence of Black and other diverse groups in the field of robotics.
For robotics, advocacy is defined as explicit action that supports or defends equity in performance as well as ethical use on the behalf of all, with a focus on ensuring equal outcomes across diverse communities. BiR's contribution toward the goal of advocacy is to showcase Black excellence in our community and to help connect academia and industry to the talent found in diverse communities. One such activity is the Black in Robotics Reading List, with objectives to provide academic role models for aspiring researchers and to normalize Black scholarship.
Our pillar of accountability is to design pathways for all roboticists, including allies, to participate in the solution. Just as being Black does not exclude those that identify as Black from being discriminated against based on their skin color, not identifying as Black should not exclude one's involvement in dismantling issues around robotics and race. For accountability, BiR seeks to function as the conduit to engage communities, to identify best practices, and to hold all of us accountable for making the robots that we design and deploy usable for all groups and communities.
We hope that the BiR organization inspires individuals to increase diversity in their spaces. We believe that this diversity is crucial for us to answer the next big questions for robotics as we integrate them more into our daily lives. Therefore, our mission is a call to action for the entire robotics community to increase diversity and to build with thoughtfulness for disadvantaged groups.
Complicity through silence is not an option.
(This is a slightly modified version of an article originally published in Science Robotics. The original article can be found at https://robotics.sciencemag.org/content/5/48/eabf1364)
See all Robotics
How robots can now alter shapes to adapt to the surroundings
Robots can now grasp objects and move smoothly with deep learning
Engineering Companion
Amputees might get smarter arms to hold things better
How Human Augmentation Will Change the Way People do Manual Labour
5G and how it will drive global economy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Magenta Project, a collective of sailors who aim to create equal access and opportunities for women in sailing, have launched a new mentoring programme.
The announcement was made on Tuesday (8 August) during Cowes Week.
The Mentoring Programme 2018 aims to connect aspiring female sailors with mentors to help develop their sailing skills.
The mentors will help the mentees improve their performance, find sponsors, tackle any issues and inspire them to succeed at the highest possible level.
The mentor/mentee selection will take place in September and the matching in October. Both parties will be asked to fill in an application to ensure the best match. The programme will be six month long and the minimum age is 18.
The application closing date is 23:00 on 16 September 2018. Those wanting to apply to mentor or be mentored can visit The Magenta Project website here and fill in an application form.


UNODC is a global leader in the fight against illicit drugs and international crime. Established in 1997 through a merger between the United Nations Drug Control Programme and the Centre for International Crime Prevention, UNODC operates in all regions of the world through an extensive network of field offices. UNODC is mandated to support Member States in their efforts to fight against drugs, crime and terrorism. UNODC relies on voluntary contributions, mainly from Governments, for 90 per cent of its budget. UNODC is headquartered in Vienna, Austria.
The Independent Evaluation Unit (IEU) is responsible for leading or managing evaluations in UNODC, contributing thereby to UNODC's accountability framework. While evaluations are core to IEU's mandate, emphasis is also on offering innovative evaluation knowledge products, as well as follow up on the GA resolution on building national evaluation capacity. The UNODC evaluation policy can be accessed at UNODC's evaluation webpage. The policy was first adopted in 2004, updated in 2007 in light of the UNEG Norms and Standards and a fully revised policy was published in 2015.
The two types of evaluations at UNODC are In-Depth Evaluations and Independent Project Evaluations, carried out by independent external evaluators who work closely with IEU, as the unit provides clearance at all steps of the evaluation cycle. In-Depth Evaluations are strategic evaluations of relevance to the organisation, such as country, regional, thematic, global programmes, cross-cutting issues, for example gender, human rights, etc., or corporate policies and are led by IEU's evaluation officers.
According to UNODC evaluation policy, handbook and guidelines, all projects and programmes in UNODC are to be evaluated at least every 4 years or 6 months before the project or programme is completed. IEU monitors the portfolio of UNODC from an evaluation cycle perspective and has to this effect invested significantly in building and maintaining IT tools. The work of IEU is based on three main pillars, namely 1) Evaluation Capacity Building which involves external, especially Member States and International Organisations, as well as internal capacity building; 2) Evaluation Knowledge Products, which encompasses strategic analyses based on conducted evaluations (for example the first UNODC Evaluation Meta Analysis 2011-2014) as well as cooperation mechanisms for sharing best practices; and 3) Evaluation Results that include independent project, programme as well as strategic evaluations. IEU works with an external company, which independently assesses the quality of all evaluation reports. Further areas of work of the Independent Evaluation Unit include continuously developing its normative tools, providing quality assurance for the whole process of Independent Project Evaluations, managing and participating in In-Depth Evaluations conducted by external consultants, as well as developing an evaluation culture through the design of training and capacity development initiatives within and outside of the organization.
As part of its objective to institutionalize an evaluation culture throughout UNODC, the IEU is continuously developing and revising tools and guidance on evaluation. The knowledge produced in form of the evaluation reports, in particular the recommendations and lessons learned, is compiled, synthesised and disseminated by IEU in order to inform Senior Management, UNODC's stakeholders, Member States and the United Nations Organisations at large. This, in addition to training workshops both at headquarters and in the field, fosters continuous learning and development. Furthermore, the unit is also currently developing and implementing a capacity building strategy for national evaluation capacity. Moreover, IEU is coordinating its evaluations, to the extent feasible, with UN-wide Oversight Bodies (OIOS, JIU as well as BoA).
UNODC's Evaluation Policy (fully revised in 2015) is available online through the UNEG website and the UNODC evaluation webpage.
The respective evaluation budget has to be reserved within the projects/ programmes to be evaluated. The UNEG peer review concluded that "although an accurate full analysis is missing of the total amount that UNODC spends on evaluations, i.e. staff costs plus the direct costs for IPEs and IDEs, the Peer Review Penal analysis shows that UNODC dedicates approximately 0.5% of its total financial resources to evaluation".
Approx. US$24,700 extrabudgetary funding for IEU travel, consultancies, etc.
The IEU is located independently from the management structure under the Office of the Executive Director. The head of IEU reports directly and simultaneously to the Executive Director of UNODC, Senior Management and to Member States. The head of evaluation also has full authority to issue evaluation reports and advises project managers on the budget to be reserved under a specific budget line for evaluation. Evaluators are screened for potential conflict of interest but there is no mechanism in place that would protect evaluators who report cases of wrongdoing.
In line with its evaluation policy, the IEU prepares an annual evaluation work plan (non-costed), which is presented to the Executive Director and Member States. The plan outlines the type, timing and budget of respective evaluations. It provides an overall framework and allows scheduling and prioritisation of evaluations, while allowing flexibility and responsiveness to evolving needs with provision for changes when required.
According to the IEU evaluation policy and handbook, stakeholders are invited to participate in interviews and surveys and include the so-called Core Learning Partners (CLP). The CLPs are the main stakeholders , i.e. a limited number of those deemed as particularly relevant to be involved throughout the evaluation process. The CLP members are engaged from the start of an evaluation i.e. in reviewing and commenting on the draft TOR and the evaluation questions, reviewing and commenting on the draft evaluation report, as well as facilitating the dissemination and application of the results and other follow-up action. Overall, UNODC's evaluations strive to pay particular attention to gender dimensions and inclusion of vulnerable groups in the evaluation process. Furthermore, since 2015 and in line with the GA Resolution (A/RES/69/237) as well as the Follow-up Mechanism to the SDGs, IEU is actively contributing to building national evaluation capacities, especially in the specific fields of UNODC's mandates.
UNODC's Independent Evaluation Unit (IEU) assures the quality of its evaluations through developing guidelines and templates to be mandatorily used in the evaluation process, further ensuring that all evaluations are undertaken in line with UNEG and UNODC evaluation norms and standards. IEU commissions, manages and implements In-Depth Evaluations in consultation with respective project managers, ensuring the overall quality, validity, relevance and usefulness of the evaluation deliverables. The role of IEU for Independent Project Evaluations is one of quality assurance, where the entire process is backstopped, IEU reviews, comments on and clears all the steps and deliverables of the evaluation, in line with a quality criteria checklist. The IEU has developed various guidance materials as well as an on-line evaluation application to facilitate evaluation management, linked to the Programme and Financial Information Management system (ProFi) of the Organization The Evaluation Handbook (undergoing a full revision in 2016) refers to the OECD-DAC criteria, UNODC's own adapted criteria and criteria related to gender and human rights in evaluation.
Furthermore, IEU's work is regularly monitored and assessed through OIOS and JIU. In addition to these official monitoring entities, IEU hires on a regular basis an external consultancy firm in order to have an independent, rigorous assessment of all published evaluation reports. This means, once an evaluation is finalized, it is also submitted to an external quality control by an external company, which independently assesses the quality of the report. Moreover, IEU takes part in the SWAP reporting led by UN WOMEN in order to assess its compliance and progress in mainstreaming gender equality in all evaluations.
UNODC's evaluation unit uses a Management Response, and an Evaluation Follow-up Plan as part of its follow-up to evaluations. Specifically, an evaluation follow-up plan (EFP) is prepared for implementation of recommendations. It contains the entity to which the recommendation is addressed, the management response, actions taken, contact details of the responsible person, the timing, and status of follow-up. The project manager has the responsibility to fill in the EFP in the on-line evaluation application. While Senior Management makes sure that recommendations are implemented, the IEU is responsible for monitoring the status of follow-up on an annual basis. Monitoring reports on the implementation of recommendations are sent to Senior Management and the Executive Director. Moreover, IEU is monitoring the use of evaluation results in project and programme documents and revisions as well as through annual feedback questionnaires to Project Managers as well as Senior Management.
Evaluation reports are made available to the public by IEU through a repository of evaluations on IEU's website, fully remodelled in 2011 as well as through the on-line evaluation application. Other means of dissemination include preparing Evaluation briefs as well as conducting workshops. In parallel, project managers may distribute evaluation reports to their stakeholders. Overall, in disseminating evaluation reports to Member States, Senior Management and other stakeholders, the information needs of different users are considered.
UNODC has been a founding member of UNEG and engages actively in joint evaluation activities and exchange of good practices, especially in collaboration with other Vienna-based agencies.


Slice the beets and break the romanesco into small (1-inch) size pieces.
Add veggies, bread crumbs and toss together. Spread out over a baking sheet.
Bake together at 350-degrees for ~30 minutes, or until "al dente". Be sure to toss half way though.
While the veggies are roasting, finely chop the thyme, zest the lemon, and add into mixing bowl with oil, lemon juice, vinegar and sesame seeds. Whisk together.
Roast hazelnuts in skillet or separate baking sheet until lightly toasted. Set aside until the end.
Once the veggies are done, plate up and top with dressing, hazelnuts and salt and pepper to taste.
Turn your beets into pasta with a spiralizer and toss with the romanesco.


text:
package com.mk.portal.framework.service.impl;

import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;

import com.mk.portal.framework.service.PortalVO;
import com.mk.portal.framework.service.ServiceResponse;

public class PortalUserServiceResponse implements ServiceResponse {
	private PortalUserDetailsVO portalUserDetailsVO;
	private PortalUserDetailsVO responseVO;
	private boolean status;

	public PortalUserServiceResponse(PortalUserDetailsVO vo,
			PortalUserDetailsVO presponseVO, boolean b) {
		portalUserDetailsVO = vo;
		responseVO = presponseVO;
		status = b;
	}

	public PortalVO getServiceInput() {
		return portalUserDetailsVO;
	}

	public PortalVO getServiceResponseVO() {
		return responseVO;
	}

	public boolean isExecutedSuccessfully() {
		return status;
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Bremen Airport (BRE) features a number of shops, including duty free, as well as bars and restaurants for passengers to unwind in. Visit the airport's aviation and space exploration museum to pass some time before your flight from Bremen. The airport also has car rental facilities, currency exchange and free Wi-Fi.
Located a few kilometres away from the city centre, it takes just 11 minutes to reach the airport using the tram line from the city centre's Central Station. Alternatively, take the bus (line 52) to the airport, which takes 30 minutes. The airport has parking spaces close to the terminals if you prefer to drive, or you can always take a taxi. But to get started, book your flights from Bremen with TAP Air Portugal.


Keeping in touch is easy with technology and I was so happy to learn of her recent fishing trip to Horseshoe Bend Arkansas. Sharing with you her photos of re-visiting Arkansas which she graciously allowed me to post here. Thank you so much Dinabel!
I learned from Wikipedia that Horseshoe Bend is a city in Fulton, Izard, and Sharp counties in the U.S. state of Arkansas and from the city's official website that "It is a special place of southern simplicity, yet has a magical charm!"....Nestled in the Ozark mountains, on the Strawberry River, Horseshoe Bend is easily accessible to Arkansas' most scenic highways.
Dinabel immensely enjoyed riding up and down the hills and looking at the green scenery.
The City of Horseshoe Bend is a great place to go fishing, boating and swimming. I would love to ride a canoe too!
Around 2.2 miles from Horseshoe Bend, Crown Lake is a reservoir where one could enjoy catching fish of different variety like Bluegill, catfish and Crappie. Did Dinabel catch any? Let's see!
A peep into the full moon as she waited with friends for early morning, the best time to fish!
whoa, looks like a catch!
Dinabel with her freshly caught catfish!
"Hi there fishy!" Looks like my friend had a blast!
Dinabel saying- "Thanks Karen for an awesome weekend get-a-way — with Karen's Kitchen inHorseshoe Bend, AR."
Dinabel says they surely had an awesome time in Arkansas but on the way home they passed through a thunderstorm.
one piece driving 25 miles an hour with 60 mile an hour winds...indeed that was a great adventure!
Dinabel says her friend Jo is a great driver to which I so agree.
Passing thru severe thunderstorm — in Springfield, IL.
Then they were back to Wisconsin, back to Reality — in Madison, WI.
and speaking of HEALTHY LIFE as printed on the truck they saw along the way..
...back in Wisconsin Dinabel got the chance to eat the yummy fish she caught!
She caught four fishes and a friendly neighbor helped her turn it into a sumptuous fillet! I would love to have had a taste of it!...and to have gone fishing at Horseshoe Bend too!
Their happy gorgeous faces makes me want to see Arkansas soon!
Thanks for the awesome virtual tour Dinabel and Jojo!
my endless thanks to Dinabel for gracing the pages of my life...until your next trip!
you just scratched my itchy feet! haha!
That was a great bonding experience and adventure with a friend indeed. :) I'd love to try and experience catching a fish, looks really fun!
Beautiful pictures! So rich in nature! So your friend lives in London, WI? We always pass by that place every time we drive to Appleton. I live in Stevens Point, WI.
You really are a sweet friend to have Doc Zen. Dinabel seems to be a very fun and sweet friend as well.
Beautiful place with a beautiful friends equal impressive. I like the fire place, its really cool.
Great photos and I agree with Betchai, Ang galing ng narration mo as if kasama ka talaga.
The picture with the very dark clouds that it almost touches the earth really amazed me.
Great photos you have here! I bet that was a superb bonding moment.
lovely pictures, really nice view around...must be really lovely to be there specially having your friends or family around. i would love to try fishing...:) have a great week.
So amazing to hear how awesome your friendship with each other.


Tim has been working with Margaret Hall-Craggs and other collaborators at UCL on exploring mechanisms to reduce poor reproducibility between observers and different centres on interpreting definitions of MRI lesions of inflammation and structural change in SpA. They have used a novel quantitative fat fraction (FF) mapping MRI to objectively quantify both active inflammation (bone marrow oedema) and structural changes (fat metaplasia) and have shown that FF mapping can accurately separate bone marrow oedema and fat metaplasia from normal marrow. This method allows objective identification of inflammation rather than relying on inconsistent visual scoring ('a tiny bit of white on 2 consecutive slices2), which is currently standard practice and as such it has potential significant implications for its use in the clinical setting. Read the full abstract here.
Joanna Shim from the Epidemiology Group at the University of Aberdeen presented the abstract entitled "Does commencement of biologic therapy improve work outcomes in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA)? Results from British Society for Rheumatology Register (BSRBR-AS)". She concluded that in patients with axSpA, commencement of biologics is associated with an improvement in presenteeism and work productivity, but no significant improvement in absenteeism nor overall activity impairment. Read the full abstract here.


Debbie has been a Realtor for the past 10 years and has specialized in the following markets; luxury homes, REO and new construction. She feels there are 2 important qualities a realtor can possess. They are the ability to listen and communicate. Being able to listen to a client's home needs eliminates the frustration and stress that many home buyers experience when looking for a home. In addition, constant communication with the client's allow the real estate transaction to flow smoothly. Buying and selling a home should be an exciting adventure. It is after all a new chapter in one's life.


Update to this Post: Oh Lord God Almighty!!! I shouldn't have recommended Blender software so easily…The learning curve is so steep…Steep…STEEP…Like STEEP…I sort of got discouraged after tutorial number 7 or 8(free on Blender Cookie are beginner tutorials-watch them- http://cgcookie.com/blender/…Then I went to look at more reviews of Blender…Turns out everyone says the learning curve for Blender 3D animation software is steeper than anything else…Ok, so for now, I am trying out DAZ…http://www.daz3d.com/help/help-daz-3d-video-tutorials Here is the link to DAZ learning tutorials…DAZ is also FREEWARE like Blender…I am hopeful that DAZ will be easier than Blender to learn…So take the rest of this post with a grain of salt…I wrote it before I knew exactly how hard Blender was to use…I may go back to Blender later after trying something a little easier to get my feet wet…But be forewarned…Blender is crazy hard…(even though the teacher keeps saying how easy it is in the videos)…Update again soon after: Oh to heck with DAZ…Can't even install it easily…I give up on DAZ!!!…(maybe going back to Blender)…Update maybe 10 mintues later: Ok, so for Mac I found another freeware program called Art of Illusion…http://www.artofillusion.org/ Art of Illusion looks to be a little bit easier…I will post an update after I learn how to use it…!!! Update this same very evening:Ok, so I tried Art of Illusion…It is way easier than Blender…But the problem is I already watched 7 of Blender's tutorials…So now the easier program looks lame to me…So after a talk with my husband & my mother, my confidence in myself is back! I deleted Art of Illusion & with husband's permission & mother's blessing I joined Blender as a "CITIZEN" which means that for 10 dollars a month I can watch all the tutorials I could possibly ever watch to learn Blender…So I am back…I am going to learn animation…Apparently on the hardest program there is…But Joseph says once you pass the steep learning curve it will probably be much easier…This is so exciting it's like going to animation school! Wish me luck!
Grove Body Part Chart from Sari Grove on Vimeo.
I have to thank you for your kind words.I am just doing my Digital Art as I think is right for me,and I am happy that my comments and my advice has helped you to do that wonderful anime.I have to thank you for pushing me to new start new exiting things as well you are a true friend and my Soulmate.Thank You you are a Star my shining Beacon.
Hi Hanno, I was wondering, when I hit Reply here, & reply to your comment, do you get an email to your inbox? Another blogger says this is not automatic in WordPress.com…But I thought it was?
It is automatic I always get emails by comments, notification and I don't mention it here.
It was just a experiment .I just wanted to test what would happen.I will take it out if I can I will check now .
I will get to you I have to use my MacBook to have a look.
Sorry I must be stupid too I have searched the Dashboard and I couldn't fine the described settings there is no panel for plugins maybe it is because she talks about wordpress.org and we use wordpress.com.Isuppose there is the difference.
Gone it is gone test was negative never do it again.
Good boy! (smile) I am about to cry…I have been trying to learn this Blender animation software…It took me two days to realize that my mouse is only single button & they were talking about a three button mouse…It is so hard? Should I give up again or should I plow forward? Is there a better 3D animation program I should use???
If I get a reply I get an email and more I can not say .
has several different subsections that a person can enter.
They function as transportable media gamers, pocket video cameras, GPS navigation models and a tablet.
Be Careful What You Sniff For #1 by Nancy Krulik (Author), Sebastien Braun (Illustrator).
But, most of the people yet do not know much about the various attractions of this country.
(It is a criminal offence to sell an unroadworthy car).


text:
Q: How to Serialize CookieContainer in wp7 applications? I tried to Serialize cookie to save it and Deserialize at next time I start my application.But the result of Deserialize is empty.What's wrong?
void SaveCookie() {
    var appStorage = IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForApplication();
    if (this.checkBox_save_passowrd.IsChecked == true)
    {
        CookieContainer cc = SEC_Services.Httprequest.cookie;
        string fileName = "usercookie.xml";
        using (var file = appStorage.OpenFile(fileName, System.IO.FileMode.OpenOrCreate, System.IO.FileAccess.Write))
        {
            using (var writer = new StreamWriter(file))
            {
                System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer xs = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(typeof(CookieContainer));
                xs.Serialize(writer, cc);
                writer.Close();
            }
        }
    }
    else {
        if (appStorage.FileExists("usercookie.xml"))
        {
            appStorage.DeleteFile("usercookie.xml");
        }
    }
}

void ReadCookie() {
    var appStorage = IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForApplication();
    if (appStorage.FileExists("usercookie.xml"))
    {
        using (System.IO.StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(appStorage.OpenFile("usercookie.xml", FileMode.Open)))
        {
            System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer xs = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(typeof(CookieContainer));
            CookieContainer obj = (CookieContainer)xs.Deserialize(reader);
            reader.Close();
            SEC_Services.Httprequest.cookie = obj;
            if (obj.Count != 0) {
                NavigationService.Navigate(new Uri("/PanoramaPage.xaml", UriKind.Relative));
            }
        }
    }
}

I also found this simple
C#: Writing a CookieContainer to Disk and Loading Back In For Use
shows that CookieContainer could be Serialize.But there is no SoapFormatter in wp7 library

A: IsolatedStorageSettings.ApplicationSettings["index"] = yourcookie;

So you don't need to serialize it.
I'm using it in a project

A: As the question is "How to Serialize CookieContainer" and the accepted answer doesn't really answer this. This is how to do it with serialization:
Write to disk:
public static void WriteCookiesToDisk(string file, CookieContainer cookieJar)
{
    using(Stream stream = File.Create(file))
    {
        try {
            Console.Out.Write("Writing cookies to disk... ");
            BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
            formatter.Serialize(stream, cookieJar);
            Console.Out.WriteLine("Done.");
        } catch(Exception e) {
            Console.Out.WriteLine("Problem writing cookies to disk: " + e.GetType());
        }
    }
}

Read from disk:
public static CookieContainer ReadCookiesFromDisk(string file)
{

        try {
            using(Stream stream = File.Open(file, FileMode.Open))
            {
                Console.Out.Write("Reading cookies from disk... ");
                BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
                Console.Out.WriteLine("Done.");
                return (CookieContainer)formatter.Deserialize(stream);
            }
        } catch(Exception e) {
            Console.Out.WriteLine("Problem reading cookies from disk: " + e.GetType());
            return new CookieContainer();
        }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How to convert base64 stream into string and write into another file? I am getting message stream from email body and this stream is in base64 formate I want to decode the stream.I am using 'base64-stream' which is npm module to decode the stream but I am getting error.
TypeError: base64.decode is not a function
   function buildAttMessageFunction(attachment) {
  var filename = attachment.params.name;
  var encoding = attachment.encoding;

  return function (msg, seqno) {
    var prefix = '(#' + seqno + ') ';
    msg.on('body', function(stream, info) {
      //Create a write stream so that we can stream the attachment to file;
      console.log(prefix + 'Streaming this attachment to file', filename, info);
      var writeStream = fs.createWriteStream(filename);
      writeStream.on('finish', function() {
        console.log(prefix + 'Done writing to file %s', filename);
      });

      //stream.pipe(writeStream); this would write base64 data to the file.
      //so we decode during streaming using
      if (toUpper(encoding) === 'BASE64') {
        //the stream is base64 encoded, so here the stream is decode on the fly and piped to the write stream (file)
        stream.pipe(base64.decode()).pipe(writeStream);
      } else  {
        //here we have none or some other decoding streamed directly to the file which renders it useless probably
        stream.pipe(writeStream);
      }
    });
    msg.once('end', function() {
      console.log(prefix + 'Finished attachment %s', filename);
    });
  };
}

A: I guess you need to use this way
const {Base64Decode} = require("base64-stream");
stream.pipe(new Base64Decode()).pipe(writeStream);


December is nearing. Like every year, I am overcome with the coziness that Thanksgiving and the upcoming holiday season brings and eager to sip warm beverages and see sparkling lights outside. But this December, the upcoming end to our semester and completion of two houses is in the forefront of my thoughts and those of my fellow interns.
In July, we poured the foundation. We built upon that, adding framing and roof trusses and filling the interior floor with packed mud. Soon enough, the straw bales were loaded in and interior framing began to give us an idea of what Jessica and the Millers' houses would look like. Then came drywall, and plaster, plaster, plaster. Each layer of the house is not just a physical layer; in my mind it's a day shared with friends and teachers, with laughter and stress and sweating or shivering, learning and asking questions along the way. With a final, finished plaster coat, we are down to the last eighth of an inch of the house.
I like words. Small pieces of power to take with you. One of my favorite pieces of power has been from a poem by Nick Laird: "there is such a shelter in each other". Shelter has been a human necessity since the beginning of time – food, water, shelter. This is what has made me passionate about increasing access to affordable housing and what drew me to Community Rebuilds. The need for housing is universal and important. I'm so thankful for the last five months that have allowed me to work towards completing a physical manifestation of the meeting of that need.
When I think about shelter in a less physical sense though, I think about the shelter you can find in other people, like Laird wrote. Maybe we can consider this blog post as a little love letter to the intern group and CR community. Through the process of building these houses, my housemates have built shelter in and around each other as well. It's been beautiful to observe and be a part of.
There's certainly something romantic about the idea of buildinga house; the earnest desire to work with one's hands, the gratification about the completion of a project, and the setting being here in one of the most beautiful places I have ever seen. But as one of my housemates recently put it, the construction site is maybe one of the least romantic places to be, with its piercing noises and flinging mud and general hazards. The day to day, while gratifying, is also tiring and can be stressful. Maybe you get to know people best when you are immediately introduced to them in stressful, or, in our case, extremely hot conditions. I'm thankful to those who offered me grace when the 105 degree heat made me one of the least lovable versions of myself. As the roofs of the homes went up and gave us shade, my housemates too sheltered me with their support.
In late September and early October, Moab received what I understood to be an uncharacteristically high amount of rain. We spent one morning at the window, in awe of the buckets of rain appearing out of nowhere in the desert and observing the pattern that the water would take as it moved around the house. That weekend, when it had rained so much that the novelty had long worn off, I sat at home by myself. The rain had made me think that I should spend some time in melancholic solitude, but I was quickly getting restless. As if reading my mind, a housemate texted me that they were watching the frisbee tournament, and that I should join. I was the last to pile into the covered back of a pickup truck, complete with blankets and fresh bread. Sheltered from the rain; sheltered by the friends who knew I needed coziness shared with others that day.
Lately, it's been very cold. Some say they miss the heat of the summer, but I know better than that. After long work days and early sunsets, the warmth of our home on Mill Creek Drive is amplified by the conversations, laughter, and shared meals each night. I am overcome with gratitude for the home we have made for ourselves at night after we build homes for the homeowners during the day.
The collaboration in building these shelters for one another has been the most meaningful part of this experience so far. We will move on, move away, and maybe keep building elsewhere. I am eager to feel the gratification of completing these houses in a couple of weeks, to finish the final eighth inch layer. I am overwhelmed with sentimentality and will continue to be. I will feel tethered by witness to this place and these people for a long time.
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A: Absolutely! You could save as much as a third of the money you are currently spending on heating and cooling your home. Without the properly designed and installed windows, your home is losing energy as air (warm air in winter and cold air in summer) escapes through less efficient windows. Today's replacement windows feature insulated framing and multiple panes of glass that serve as a great temperature barrier.
A: To get the maximum energy savings you should replace all of your old windows at one time, but you are not required to do it all at once. It's an accurate assumption that even replacing a few at a time will help to reduce energy use and lower your heating and cooling bills. If necessary, we can help put you on a replacement schedule that will gradually put you on the road to replacing all of your windows in a reasonable time period for your home and budget.
A: Possibly. However, keep in mind it is essential for today's replacement windows to be properly installed to be fully effective. For that reason alone, our windows include professional installation by our expertly trained crews. By keeping our staff and technicians highly trained, we are able to make sure the fit is perfect and your new windows will be properly balanced for optimum performance.
Q: My local hardware store sells replacement windows too, are they all the same?
A: Not even close! "Off-the-shelf" windows from your local home center are generally of a lower quality to satisfy home builders who are looking for the cheapest window, without regard to window performance. Furthermore, you may need to modify your home to fit the available sizes, an extensive remodeling process that takes time and money.
A: That is not completely necessary. Some window styles fit certain styles of homes better than others. If you are interested in a new or updated look, we are happy to help you find the replacement windows to achieve the look you want for your home.
Make the wise choice for your home and choose Buffalo Grove Promar Window Replacement!


text:
Home / Cyberpunk 2077 Fan Predicted Idris Elba's Inclusion Over Two Years Ago
Cyberpunk 2077 Fan Predicted Idris Elba's Inclusion Over Two Years Ago
It was announced during The Game Awards earlier this month that Idris Elba will be joining Keanu Reeves and friends in Cyberpunk 2077's upcoming Phantom Liberty DLC that launches in 2023. It was a surprise for most of us watching, although one artist was probably grinning from ear to ear with satisfaction at the knowledge that they actually predicted Elba's inclusion over two years ago.
First shared by Eurogamer, the person in question is Hungarian digital artist Zsolt Kosa who has been working in the games industry for 10 years and has created various fashion designs for companies like Activision Blizzard and Warner Brothers. If you head on over to Kosa's ArtStation page, you'll find several incredible pieces of art alongside a Cyberpunk 2077 mockup of Idris Elba posted back in 2020.
The image shows off what Kosa thought Elba would look like should he ever appear in Cyberpunk 2077, and it's honestly not that far off. Kosa's version of Elba has white hair that is tied up and is wearing a yellow tank top underneath a large trench coat which is scarily similar to the one he's wearing in the actual trailer. He also has a pair of piercing blue eyes which are covered with some spiffy shades in a second, slightly different image.
If you want to see more of Kosa's work, or perhaps his drawing skills in action, they have a YouTube channel in which you can find a bunch of technique demos and several impressive speed paintings. Now all we have to do is get Kosa to create a Cyberpunk 2077 mockup of Danny Devito and the already announced sequel will be perfect.
In other Cyberpunk 2077 news, Idris Elba himself is actually pretty impressed with Phantom Liberty and recently claimed it has the "deepest game narrative ever." We're not quite sure how much of a gamer Elba is exactly, but here's hoping Phantom Liberty has a story we can all get properly invested in.


They discovered that 68 percent of total alcohol sales revenue can be attributed to people who drink above guideline levels. «If all consumers reduced their drinking to within guideline levels, alcohol sales revenue could decline by 38 percent (13 billion),» they write in the study. «To mitigate this loss, average prices paid would have to rise substantially for example, by 2.64 [roughly $3.42] for a pint of ontrade beer or 12.25 [about $15.88] for a 70 cl [almost 1.5 pints] bottle of offtrade spirits.».
Replica Hermes uk I always found something very satisfying about structure too and gravitated towards form. I wrote quite a lot of sonnets at university because I enjoyed the puzzle of making the meter and rhyme fit. Later on I realised that when these two elements came together, the freedom of creativity and the form of hermes bracelet replica structure, I found my work flowed more easily Replica Hermes uk.


© 2015 Fenglong Jia, Renchao Lin.
A new species, Enochrus (Methydrus) limbourgi sp. n., is described from Jiangxi Province, Southeast China, and illustrated. Subgenus Enochrus s. str. Thomson, 1859 is recorded for the first time in China, based on the record of Enochrus (s. str.) melanocephalus (Olivier, 1792) from Inner Mongolia. The male of Enochrus (Hydatotrephis) liangi Jia & Zhao, 2007 is described for the first time.
Jia and Wang (2010) revised all species of Enochrus known from China except E. hybridus Hebauer, 2005. Of six subgenera of Enochrus Thomson, 1859, four have been reported from China: Methydrus Rey, 1885, Holcophilydrus Kniz, 1911, Hydatotrephis MacLeay, 1871, and Lumetus Zaitzev, 1908 (Hansen 1999, Jia and Zhao 2007, Short and Hebauer 2006, Short and Fikáček 2011). However, the subgenus Enochrus Thomson, 1859 which is reported from Nearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental and Palearctic Regions, has not been recorded to China up to now. In 2013, Enochrus algarum Jia & Short, 2013 was described from Eastern China. The species was not assigned to any subgenus because of a few special characters that do not match any known subgenus. In total, 21 species of Enochrus have now been reported from China.
Enochrus (Hydatotrephis) liangi Jia & Zhao, 2007, the sole species of the subgenus occurring in China, was described based on a single female (holotype) from Guizhou Province, China (Jia and Zhao 2007) and it was redescribed in English in detail in 2010 based on the same specimen (Jia and Wang 2010). Unfortunately, male has remained unknown.
In 2014, we have examined some new freshly collected material of Enochrus from various parts of China. Among those, we discovered a male belonging to yet undescribed species from Jiangxi Province, a series of E. liangi including males, and a male specimen of Enochrus s. str. from Inner Mongolia. All these new findings are summarized in this paper, including the description of the new species. Based on the results, we may confirm that all subgenera of Enochrus except Hugoscottia Knish, 1922 (endemic to the Neotropical Region and not likely to be discovered in China) do occur in China.
The holotype and some of the paratypes were dissected and the male genitalia mounted in glycerine on transparent plastic labels attached below each specimen. Specimens and genitalia were examined with the use of an Olympus SZX10 compound microscope. Habitus photographs were taken with ZEISS Axio Cam HRC, Discovery V20. Aedeagus photographs were taken with an Axioskop 40. The photographs were stacked using Auto-Montage software.
Morphological terminology follows Hansen (1991) and Komarek and Beutel (2007) for general morphology. Classification follows Short and Fikáček (2013).
SYSU Collection of Sun Yat-sun University, Guangzhou, China.
Enochrus (Hydatotrephis) liangi Jia and Zhao 2007: 252.
Holotype: female (SYSU): CHINA: Guizhou: Leishan County: Fangxiang: female, 14. ix. 2005, Coll. Shuang Zhao.
18 males and 14 females (NMPC, SYSU): China, Jiangxi Province, Jing'an county, Daqishan forest farm, ca. 28.67°N, 115.07°E, 350 m a.s.l., in a natural pool, 18.vii.2014, Renchao Lin leg [with Chinese and English labels]; 1 female (SYSU): China, Sichuan Province, Leshan, Emeishan, Qingyinge, 29°34'N, 103°07'E, 750 m, 7.vi.2014, Renchao Lin lgt.
Head with large preocular spots, reaching frontoclypeal suture posteriorly and reaching inner margin of eyes inwards (Fig. 9), sometimes each preocular spot separated into two spots by a black patch (Fig. 7), or preocular spots connected medially (Fig. 8). Elytron black with posterior half yellow, and yellow colour extends anteriorly as broad band along the lateral margin (Figs 1, 10). Maxillary palps yellow, not dark apically, subequal to the width of head anterior to eyes (Fig. 6). Elytron with a short series of punctures in front of sutural stria, which are same size as other serial punctures (Fig. 10). Fifth abdominal ventrite with apical emargination fringed with stiff yellowish setae (Fig. 11). Aedeagus similar to Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873) (Fig. 19), with parameres curved outwards apically, median lobe narrow with sharp apex (Fig. 18). The colour is very similar to Enochrus (Holcophilydrus) laoticus Hebauer, 2005 and the latter also with parameres curved outwards subapically. However, E. laoticus Hebauer with 10 elytral series of punctures; mesosternal process conical, not depressed laterally; median lobe of aedeagus broader and with small emargination apically, as long as parameres.
1–5 Habitus 1–2 Enochrus liangi: 1 dorsal view 2 ventral view 3–4 E. limbourgi: 3 dorsal view 4 ventral view 5 E. melanocephalus 6–11 E. liangi: 6 head, ventral view 7–9 head, dorsal view 10 elytron (left) 11 abdomen.
12–15 E. limbourgi: 12 maxillary palpomeres 13 elytron (left) 14 prosternum 15 metalegs and abdomen 16–17 E. melanocephalus: 16 head 17 posterior portion of elytron 18–21 Aedeagi: 18 E. liangi 19 E. japonicus 20 E. limbourgi 21 E. melanocephalus.
External morphology identical with female. Male genitalia: phallobase slightly longer than parameres. Parameres broad, longer than median lobe, obliquely truncated inwards and strongly bent outwards apically. Median lobe narrower than parameres, gradually narrowed from base to apex, sharp apically (Fig. 18).
China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Jiangxi). New for Sichuan and Jiangxi.
The series from Jiangxi was collected at margin of natural pools with mud sediment and sparse grass. Lots of E. japonicus (Sharp) were also collected in the same pool.
Enochrus (Methydrus) limbourgi sp. n.
Holotype: male (SYSU): China, Jiangxi Province, Jing'an county, Zaodu town, Nanshan village, 29.01°N, 115.16°E, 315m, 19.vii.2014, light trap, Ren-Chao Lin leg.
The new species is most similar to E. (Methydrus) eubenangeei Watts, 1998 which is endemic species to Australia in its large size, black color, punctures on dorsal surface, mesoclaws thickened basally and bent in male, median lobe of aedeagus oval, broadened basally, parameres obliquely truncate apically. In contrast to E. eubenangeei Watts, E. limbourgi is characterized by: pronotum and elytron with distinct pale yellow-brown margin; prosternum with a low distinct median carina; elytra with five series of punctures; claws of male middle tarsi bent, broadly thickened basally; aedeagus with parameres broad, obliquely truncate apically and weakly curved outwards subapically (parameres similar to E. (Methydrus) aliciae Watts, 1998 in form).
The size of this species is the largest in the known species of Enochrus (Methydrus) from the Oriental and southern Palearctic Regions. The median lobe of aedeagus is clearly different from other known Asian species. It is very easy to distinguish this species from other species in Asia by size, punctures and aedeagus. Compared with Chinese species, it is closed to E. japonicus Sharp by size and colour. It can easily be distinguished from the latter by pronotum and elytra with denser ground punctures, serial punctures on elytra less strong and less coarse, mesosternal process strongly depressed laterally, median lobe of aedeagus oval broadened basally, parameres sharp apically.
Form and Colour. Body length 7.3 mm, body width 4.0 mm. Body oval, moderately convex. Dorsum of head, pronotum and elytron black, with lateral margins of pronotum and elytron distinctly yellow-brown. Antennae yellow-brown with club black. Maxillary palps with second maxillary palpomere pronouncedly and extensively darkened except extremity (Fig. 12); third palpomere slightly darkened medially, apical palpomere yellowish brown, not dark apically (Fig. 12). Labial palps yellow, not darkened apically. Venter, including legs, black, tarsomeres yellow-brown.
Head. Antennae with scape ca. as long as antennomeres 2–3 combined. Maxillary palps subequal to the width of head anterior to eyes; apical palpomere about three-quarters of penultimate in length (Fig. 12). Anterior margin of clypeus straight medially. Labrum with a median row of setiferous systematic punctures, distinctly coarser than the surrounding ground punctation. Frons and clypeus with ground punctation dense and coarse, distance between ground punctures 1.0–1.2× the width of one puncture; setiferous systematic punctures well pronounced, ca. 3× as large as ground punctures. Mentum subquadrate, with anterior margin slightly depressed medially, not emarginate anteriorly (Fig. 4), ground punctures moderately coarse.
Thorax. Ground punctation on pronotum and elytron similar to that on head, distance between ground punctures 1.0–1.2× the width of one puncture. Elytron with five rows of serial punctures (including lateral series) clearly larger than surrounding ground punctation; without short series of punctures in front of sutural stria, the third series with a few punctures that are distant between punctures. Sutural stria present in posterior half of elytra. Prosternum not tectiform, with a low distinct median carina (Fig. 14) and a transverse groove behind anterior margin. Mesoventrite with a median process which is strongly impressed laterally and with a backwardly pointing projection, rising to level of mesocoxae, apex of the projection with a few long setae. Metaventrite with a very indistinct elongate oval glabrous area posteromedially, longer than wide; glabrous area slightly more than half the total length of the metaventrite. Mesofemora densely pubescent except in apical fifth (Fig. 15). Metafemora with pubescence as in mesofemora (Fig. 15). Posterior tarsomeres with a fringe of long swimming-hairs dorsally. Anterior claws in male strongly and angularly curved, bearing smaller basal tooth; claws of male middle tarsi of similar shape as those of anterior tarsi, but slightly weakly angularly curved; posterior claws only slightly curved, without basal tooth.
Abdomen. Ventrites uniformly and densely pubescent. Fifth (apical) abdominal ventrite with apical emargination fringed with stiff yellowish setae (Fig. 15).
Aedeagus. Phallobase about 1.2× as long as parameres. Parameres broad, longer than median lobe, abruptly truncate and bent outwards apically. Median lobe oval broadened basally, abruptly narrowed ca. half, apical half much narrower than parameres, sharp apically (Fig. 20).
The specific name is after Dr. Pol Limbourg, an entomologist in Intitute Royal des Sciences Naturelles, Brussels, Belgium, who helped us a lot when senior author studied types of Enochrus in d'Orchymont's collection in Brussels.
China (Jiangxi), known only from the type locality.
The holotype was collected by light trap.
1 male (SYSU): CHINA: Inner Mongolia, Huangqihai wetland, in a rain pool, 20.vi.2013, Li Shi leg.
This is a widespread species in Europe. It is distributed "from France and the British Isles to Asia Minor" (Hansen 1987). It is only known in Algeria (Hansen, 1999) in Africa and in Israel and Uzbekistan in Asia (Hansen 1999; Hendrich and Hendrich 2005). It is very possible that this species should be distributed in Mongolia and Middle Asia. New for China.
14a Size 7.3 mm. Elytral serial punctures less coarse and strong, diameter of elytral serial punctures about 2–3× as wide as ground punctures; sutural stria present in posterior half of elytral length. Mesoventral elevation strongly impressed laterally; Median lobe of aedeagus oval broadened basally E. limbourgi sp. n.
We are indebted to Dr. Robert B Angus (Department of Life Sciences (Entomology), The Natural History Museum, UK) for his kind help with English. We are grateful to Dr. Shi Li (Inner Mongolian Normal University of China) who donated the specimen of Enochrus melanocephalus to us. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 31272266) and The Special Program of Basic Work in Science and Technology, China (2013FY111500).
Hansen M (1987) The Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 18: 1–254.
Hansen M (1991) The Hydrophiloid Beetles. Phylogeny, Classification and a Revision of the Genera (Coleoptera, Hydrophiloidea) Biologiske Skrifter, Det Kongelige Danske Viedenskabernes Selskab 40: 1–368.
Hansen M (1999) World Catalogue of Insects 2: Hydrophiloidea (s.str.) (Coleoptera). Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 416 pp.
Hendrich L, Hendrich E (2005) A contribution to the knowledge of the water beetle fauna of Uzbekistan (Coleoptera:Hydradephaga, Hydrophiloidea, Staphylinoidea and Dryopoidea). Linzer Biologische Beiträge 37(1): 425–434.
Jia F-L, Short AEZ (2013) Enochrus algarum sp. n., a new hygropetric water scavenger beetle from China (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Enochrinae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53(2): 609–614.
Short AEZ, Hebauer F (2006) World Catalogue of Hydrophiloidea – Additions and Corrections, 1. (1999–2005) (Coleoptera). Koleopterologische Rundschau 76: 315–395.
Watts CHS (1998) Revision of Australian Enochrus Thomson (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Records of the South Australian Museum 30(2): 137–156.


Proposed 'Good Driver' bill splits insurance industry – A coalition of large insurers are pushing the so-called "Good Driver Discount Bill" during the short legislative session, saying it would open up the market to more discount programs and provide more insurance. such as Allstate, Progressive and.
The Consumer Federation of America has accused Allstate of charging its loyal customers more for auto insurance than consumers who shopped. increasing premiums for thousands of Missouri's good drivers." The federation said Allstate bases its rates.
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The Allstate (ALL) Q1 2018 Results – Earnings Call Transcript – Shapiro – Allstate Insurance. good profit generator and a growth vehicle as it will be in the future, irrespective of what happens to frequency. Joshua D. Shanker – Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc. Well, good luck and let frequency be low for everyone.
That's because the average driver will experience a collision every 10 years, according to Allstate Insurance. which tracks a person's driving behavior and rewards good practices. Where the Safest Drivers Are Brownsville, Texas, topped the list.
PHOENIX, AZ–(Marketwire -08/08/11)- Trending on high-tech customer rewards for safe driving, Allstate (NYSE: ALL – News) today announced the launch of Drive Wise in Arizona, a voluntary program that rewards safe and low-mileage drivers with discounts of.
Gary Hallgren, president of 1-year-old Allstate tech startup Arity, is photographed Dec. 7, 2017. Arity monitors drivers via telematics to assess their insurance risk. because that individual is indeed a good driver and not just that his car didn.
MADD Canada and Allstate Insurance Company of Canada are asking everyone to celebrate responsibly and leave the car at home if they're going to be drinking. Call an Uber or a taxi, take public transit, or arrange for a designated driver. "The tragic.
the risk indicator on my iPad revealed my rating (it was low risk), alongside recommendations for improvement and potential.
an innovative technology that enables consumers to monitor their driving habits to improve safety and gain rewards on their insurance. Allstate offers the following tips, to help drivers avoid collisions and hard-braking events: — Minimize distractions.
Allstate Extras, Rewards & Features | Allstate Insurance – See what sets Allstate apart. Get rewards for driving safe, support from expert agents who go the extra mile and other great auto insurance policy features.
I attended MTC driving school in Missouri graduated and was placed with Stevens Transport. I was a good trainee and being a former road musician I understand dues paying so I was willing to endure just about anything.
July 1, 2016 /PRNewswire/ — Allstate Insurance Company today released its 12 th annual America's Best Drivers Report ®, and Kansas City. their driving habits to improve safety and gain rewards on their insurance.
(PHOENIX)–In the United States, the fatal crash rate per mile driven for 16- to 19-year-olds is nearly three times the rate for drivers ages 20 years and over, according to the Insurance. feedback and monetary rewards. "Allstate has always had.
Not surprisingly, insurance. encourages good driving behavior. "Safe drivers are made, not born," said Hari Balakrishnan, founder of Cambridge Mobile Telematics. " With the right kind of information, feedback, incentives, rewards and games with.
Allstate plans to open up its Drivewise platform – which monitors customer driving behavior in exchange for policy discounts – to third party developers. The insurance company wants to create an ecosystem of applications that appeal to drivers.


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Hillary Clinton Email Archive
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ISAKSON/CORKER LETTER
From: Cheryl Mills To: Hillary Clinton Date: 2012-09-26 06:33 Subject: ISAKSON/CORKER LETTER
UNCLASSIFIED STATE DEPT. - PRODUCED TO HOUSE SELECT BENGHAZI COMM. U.S. Department of State SUBJECT TO AGREEMENT ON SENSITIVE INFORMATION & REDACTIONS. NO FOIA WAIVER. Case No. F-2015-04841 Doc No. C05739826 Date: 05/13/2015 RELEASE IN FULL From: Mills, Cheryl 0 <MillsCD@state.gov › Sent Thursday, September 27, 2012 . 1:49 PM To: Subject:	Fw Isakson/Corker Letter Attachments:	9-26-12 McKeon et al to POTUS.PDF -- Original Message ---- From: Blumenfeld, Joshua R Sent: Thursday, September 27, 2012 01:33 PM To Reines, Philippe I; Adams, David 5; Kennedy, Patrick F Cc: Mills, Cheryl 0; Sullivan, Jacob Subject: RE: isakson/Corker Letter Hi Philippe, Attached is the McKeon letter. Thanks, Josh ----Original Message---- From: Blumenfeld, Joshua R Sent: Thursday, September 27, 2012 1:25 PM To: Reines, Philippe I; Adams, David 5; Kennedy, Patrick F Cc: Mills, Cheryl 0; Sullivan, Jacob Subject: RE: Isakson/Corker Letter Yes, attached are 1) the Corker-Isakson letter; the 2) McCain-Graham-Ayotte letter. We don't yet have the 10 Republican House Members letters, but are tracking it down now ---Original Message From: Reines, Philippe I Sent: Thursday, September 27, 2012 1:18 PM To: Adams, David 5; Blumenfeld, Joshua R; Kennedy, Patrick F Cc: Mills, Cheryl!): Sullivan, Jacobi Subject: Isakson/Corker Letter H Friends - Do we have the full fetter reference in this article? GOP Lawmakers Demand Details Of Deadly Attack On U.S. Consulate In Libya By Ernesto LondoPlo The Washington Post Thursday, September 27, 2012 Republican lawmakers demanded Wednesday that the Obama administration disclose details about the Sept. 11 attack on U.S. compounds in eastern Libya that killed an ambassador and three other government employees. UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2015-04841 Doc No. C05739826 STATE DEPT. - PRODUCED TO HOUSE SELECT BENGHAZI COMM. UNCLASSIFIED STATE DEPT. - PRODUCED TO HOUSE SELECT BENGHAZI COMM. U.S. Department of State SUBJECT TO AGREEMENT ON SENSITIVE INFORMATION & REDACTIONS. NO FOIA WAIVER. Case No. F-2015-04841 Doc No. C05739826 Date: 05/13/2015 The requests for information about the assault, including any cables about security written by slain Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens, underscored the extent to which the incident has become a political liability for the White House during the final stretch of President Obama's reelection campaign. Lawmakers are asking whether the administration overlooked warning signs about the threat level in Libya, and some have suggested the security at the U.S. installations in Benghazi was inadequate. Senior administration officials, including Secretary of State Hillary Rodharn Clinton and Director of National Intelligence James Clapper, have briefed Congress. But details on the events in Benghazi are still being assembled. After initially describing the attack as a spontaneous act of mob violence in response to a video that disparaged Islam, administration officials in recent days have begun to suggest it was a welt planned terrorist attack. Clinton mentioned the Benghazi assault Wednesday during a speech at the U.N. General Assembly about the rise of extremist militants in North Africa. Clinton did not specifically ascribe the attack to al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, the African offshoot of the terrorist organization, but she said the violent deaths of American officials underscored the importance of defeating the group. "With a larger safe haven and increased freedom to maneuver, terrorists are seeking to extend their reach and their networks in multiple directions," Clinton said, according to an official transcript of her remarks. "And they are now working with other violent extremists to undermine the democratic transitions underway in North Africa, as we tragically saw in Benghazi." U.S, counterterrorism chief Matthew Olsen told the the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee last week that analysts are exploring whether al-Ofeeda's African branch played a role in the attack. Investigators are also looking for evidence linking the assault to leaders of Ansar al-Sharia, a loose coalition of hard-line militants with a strong presence in Libya. Republican congressmen took the administration to task for what they called contradictory statements about the Benghazi raidand initial information portraying it as a protest that turned violent. "This seems like a pre-9/11 mindset — treating an act of war solely as a criminal matter," a group of 10 congressmen wrote Wednesday in a letter to the president, referring to the 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States. Sens. Johnny Isakson (Ga.) and Bob Corker (Tenn.), GOP members of the Foreign Relations Committee, sent a letter Tuesday to Clinton expressing concern about the 'lack of security preparations made despite a demonstrable increase in risks toUS. officials and facilities in Benghazi.' The senators asked to see any relevant cables that Stevens wrote in the days before he was killed. The State Department has launched a type of probe called an accountability panel. The FBI is conducting a separate criminal investigation into the incident. Citing the inquiries, administration officials have provided few new details about the Benghazi raid in recent days. US. Ambassador to the United Nations Susan Rice made the most extensive remarks about the attack four days after the deaths. Her early accounts have come under scrutiny because they suggested that U.S. government officials did not believe the assault had been well planned or coordinated. "We look forward to a timely response that explains how the US. ambassador to the United Nations could characterize an attack on a U.S. consulate so inaccurately," Sen. John McCain (Ariz.) and three fellow Republican senators wrote Wednesday in a letter to Rice. UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2015-04841 Doc No. C05739826 STATE DEPT. - PRODUCED TO HOUSE SELECT BENGHAZI COMM. UNCLASSIFIED STATE DEPT. - PRODUCED TO HOUSE SELECT BENGHAZI COMM. U.S. Department of State SUBJECT TO AGREEMENT ON SENSITIVE INFORMATION & REDACTIONS. NO FOIA WAIVER. Case No. F-2015-04841 Doc No. C05739826 Date: 05/13/2015 Congrefi of tbe Eniteb ii)tate5 3bottot of RepreOentatibto aobington, • C 20515 Septembe 25, 2012 The President The White House Washington, D.C. 20500 Dear Mr. President: We are writing to express grave concern about the events surrounding the terrorist attack in Benghazi, Libya on September 11, 2012, that led to the murder of the United States Ambassador to Libya, Christopher Stevens, and three other I_J,S. Government personnel. We profoundly regret the loss of lives and seek to ensure all necessary steps are being taken to bring the perpetrators to justice and prevent similar future attacks, While we appreciate your willingness to provide the House of Representatives with an interagency briefing last week, many of the members questions were left 'unanswered. To that end, we are seeking additional information regarding the intelligence leading up to the attack, the security posture of our embassy, the role former Guantanamo Bay detainees may have played, as well as the way forward in Libya and, indeed, the region. We are also disturbed by the public statements made by members of the Administration that would lead the American public to believe this attack was a protest gone wrong, rather than what it truly was — a terrorist attack on the United States on the anniversary of 9/11. Decades after al Qaeda attacked our embassies in East Africa, which catalyzed a series of events that led to the attacks on 9/11, it appears they executed a highly coordinated and well-planned attacked against us again. Clearly, the threat from al Qaeda and affiliated groups has metastasized; yet we do not appear to be learning from the past. For example, although brave Americans were once more murdered by terrorists, it seems our response is to rely on a late-to-the-scene FBI investigation. Media reports indicate investigators were prevented from arriving in Libya until more than a week afterthe attack, but it is not clear that they have gone to Benghazi and have therefore, been unable to secure valuable information, such as the Ambassador's journal. The FBI has expertise in these situations, and they have a role to play However, this seems like a pre 9/11 mindset - treating an act of war solely as a criminal matter, rather than also prioritizing the gathering of intelligence to prevent future attacks. Moreover, given that violence in the region continues unabated, what actions are we undertaking to deter terrorists fronl capitalizing UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2015-04841 Doc No. C05739826 STATE DEPT. - PRODUCED TO HOUSE SELECT BENGHAZI COMM. UNCLASSIFIED STATE DEPT. - PRODUCED TO HOUSE SELECT BENGHAZI COMM. U.S. Department of State SUBJECT TO AGREEMENT ON SENSITIVE INFORMATION & REDACTIONS. NO FOIA WAIVER. Case No. F-2015-04841 Doc No. C05739826 Date: 05/13/2015 The President September 25, 2012 Page 2 on the successful Benghazi attack, or launching similar attacks elsewhere in the region or in the homeland? Thank you for your consideration of these concerns. We place significant weight on our constitutional responsibility to conduct appropriate oversight even when Congress is not in session and stand ready to return to Washington. Therefore, we respectfully request a joint briefing to respond to the questiotts enclosed, as classified Attachment A, at the earliest opportunity and would appreciate your commitment to continue to keep Congress informed even as the FBI investigation proceeds. Respectfully, Harold Rogers Howard "Buck" McKeon C irm an Chairman laze o Committee on Armed Services 0, 14 . . 42 4 Deana Ros-Leh n n Lamar Smith Chairman Chairman Committee Committee on the Judiciary 2.4 Mike Rhgers M.0 Frank R. Wolf Chairman Chairman Permanent Select Committee on Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce Intelligence tice, Science an Related Agencies .W. Bill Yount.): ay Granger Chairman Chairwoman Appropriations Subcommittee on Appropriations Subcommittee on State, Defense Foreign Operations, and Related Programs UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2015-04841 Doc No. C05739826 STATE DEPT. - PRODUCED TO HOUSE SELECT BENGHAZI COMM.
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text:
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import Radium from 'radium';
import color from 'color';

@Radium
export default class Entity extends React.Component {
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    boxSizing: 'border-box',
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    padding: '0 8px',
    //styling the text
    fontSize: '14px',
    textDecoration: 'underline',
    fontFamily: 'Droid Seif',
    //coloring the header
    backgroundColor: 'transparent',
    color: '#747474',
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text:
Home Pakistan Police officer shot in north west of Pakistan
Police officer shot in north west of Pakistan
Militants riding on motorcycles have shot and killed a junior Pakistani police officer in the country's northwest, local security sources say.
Police chief Abdul Rahman said the Wednesday shooting attack was carried out in the town of Bannu, which is located about 250 kilometers south of the main city of Peshawar.
The slain officer was passing through a bazaar on his motorcycle when the assailants targeted him. The attackers managed to flee before the arrival of security forces.
The Jamaat-ul-Ahrar, a breakaway faction of the Pakistani Taliban, claimed responsibility for the assault.
In recent years, the Pakistani military has carried out several offensives against militants in Bannu and elsewhere but the violence has continued unabated. The town is also near the North Waziristan tribal region.
Back in June 2014, the army launched a full-scale offensive in North Waziristan aimed at wiping out militant bases in the highly volatile and mountainous tribal region.
Pakistani troops have for over a decade been battling militants to curb insurgencies by the terrorist groups of Taliban and al-Qaeda.
The army has managed to reduce violence across the country in recent years following a series of counterterrorism operations conducted against militants, but every so often remnants of terrorist groups carry out periodic bloody attacks, both against people and the armed forces, particularly in the northwest.
Since 2001, thousands of Pakistanis have lost their lives in bombings and other militant attacks, and many more have been displaced. The year was when Pakistan entered an alliance with the United States in Washington's so-called war on terror.
Source: Press TV
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