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« Auburn Ski Assoc. awards scholarship
"Human Error" opens Friday at Public Theatre »
Local author to discuss new Rock Hudson bio at LPL, APL
Author Mark Griffin is a resident of Lewiston. (Photo by Keary Nichols)
Lewiston resident Mark Griffin will celebrate the release of his ground-breaking new book, "All That Heaven Allows: A Biography of Rock Hudson," at upcoming events at Lewiston and Auburn Public Libraries. The book, published by HarperCollins in December, has received enthusiastic critical reviews for being perceptive, empathetic, and exhaustively researched.
Griffin will be at Lewiston Public Library on Thursday, January 31 at 6 p.m. for a discussion of the book, followed by a Q&A session and the screening of a 35-minute documentary he produced that pays tribute to Hudson's career. The film features audio highlights from interviews Griffin conducted while researching the biography.
On Thursday, February 14 at 2 p.m., Griffin will also discuss the book and answer questions at Auburn Public Library.
Free and open to the public, both events will have books available for purchase and signing. Proceeds from the LPL event will benefit the Friends of Lewiston Public Library.
"All That Heaven Allows" illuminates an all-too-human superstar whose life and legacy have significantly influenced American culture. Drawing on more than 100 interviews with co-stars, family members, and former companions, along with unprecedented access to private journals, personal correspondence, and production files, Griffin's comprehensive biography finally produces a multidimensional portrait of one of the most compelling figures in film history.
Griffin offers the first in-depth analysis of Hudson's entire body of work, from his early bit parts, to his collaborations with visionary director Douglas Sirk, to his cheekily subversive bedroom farces with Doris Day, to his transition to the small screen in the hit series "McMillan & Wife."
The book also provides fresh insights into Hudson's controversial marriage to Phyllis Gates and his contentious dealings with boyfriend Marc Christian, providing answers to questions the late actor consistently evaded. Along the way, this riveting account features memorable appearances from an A-list cast of characters, including Elizabeth Taylor, James Dean, John Wayne, Judy Garland, Marilyn Monroe, and many other luminaries.
Mark Griffin is the author of "A Hundred or More Hidden Things: The Life and Films of Vincente Minnelli." His interviews, reviews, and essays have appeared in scores of publications, including the Boston Globe, Premiere, and MovieMaker. He recently appeared in the documentary "Gene Kelly: To Live and Dance."


When we first started this month's Slow Home Experiment, the last thing I expected was to be brought to tears. And yet, late last week, on Day 18 of the experiment, I found myself crying on the mat as my previously uncooperative hips let me stand in my first ever tree pose.
That sense of wonder (and I know this might seem overblown, but I really did feel a sense of absolute wonder) came partly from suddenly being able to do something I never could before, and partly from the beauty of the slow changes I've been going through since we started the 30 Days of Yoga challenge.
Today is the first day I've ever been able to stand in tree pose like this, with my foot up high. I've always struggled with this pose because of my hips, but when I busted it out today I actually cried. Then I made Ben take a photo!  This month's #slowhomeexperiment is teaching me all sorts of things – including the joy of gradual change and the excitement of a sudden discovery.
I went on to bust out a fairly decent crow pose on too, which saw me do a weird kind of squeally thing, rather than full-blown tears.
All that to say, this experiment is changing me. Far, far more than I thought it would.
I've always enjoyed the physical feeling of doing yoga – the stretching, the flexibility – but I've never really seen it as a full body-mind experience before. As I begin to see the changes in my strength, my breath, my muscles and my mind, I can see the massive benefits of yoga – beyond flexibility, or strength, or even striking an impressive pose and posting it on social media. I'm loving it and can't wait to see what changes the last week brings.
Ben, on the other hand, has had a kind of crappy week. He's still really determined to touch his toes by the end of the month and feels like a failure to do so will mean the experiment was a bust. I disagree on that and we talk a little about what we hope to gain from these experiments, as well as the fact that some days just aren't good yoga days.
We're also looking for your input on what our April experiment should be. We'll be travelling for the entire month so a lot of the ideas I have aren't going to really apply. I'm thinking about a play-based experiment, while Ben thinks we should meditate every day. We'd love to hear your thoughts though – what would you like to see us try for the month of April?
Don't forget, if you want to play along with us this month, join in and tag your Instagram posts with #slowhomeexperiment and let us know how you're finding it. Enjoy!
Ideas for April that work with your travels (throwing out numbers but flexible): kiss passionately 5 minutes a day; play with your kids 15 minutes a day where you are really focused on what they want to do — Ben could take one kid, Brooke the other and swap it up; give up shampoo for a month. Love your show.
This is amazing! I love how yoga can change you both inside and out. Congrats on your tree and crow! And there is nothing better than a good yoga cry when you have those moments when you see how amazing your body really is.
How about a family journal? Each write memories, jokes, observations, a thing you're grateful for and the kids can doodle around your words or draw a picture. You could feedback how writing daily or observing life affects you time?
Make a game out of helping strangers in small ways and see how it makes you feel and which gestures are the most well received?
Read 3-5 pages of a book per day to increase your knowledge on a topic?
What if you tried going outside your comfort zone every day? I think this would be perfect for a traveling experiment. Talk to a stranger, try a food you never thought you'd try, etc. This is my take on the "do something every day that scares you" thing. It might encourage you to take fuller advantage of your travels!


What's in a name? Apparently, the ability to minister to more people.
Founded in 1989 at the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in Evergreen, Colorado Mountain Area Pregnancy Center is now going by its new name—Life's Options Pregnancy Center—which leaders hope will boost their reach to women considering abortion in their rural community.


Buying – There are a whole host of websites where drugs can be purchased without a prescription. Highly addictive drugs such as steroids, uppers, downers and pain killers can be bought, despite the fact that they are illegal to buy and sell with a prescription.
Trade – Such drug dealers will sell their product from countries where there is no control over these sales. They can work their illicit trade without fear of obstruction from local laws, and outside the jurisdiction of U.S. laws.
Solicitation – Dealers create slick, effective websites to entice young people to buy drugs, who may not even be aware that prescription is required for legal purchase. The websites look safe and professional, but are operated illegally, and dangerously.
Stealing – Some of these so-call pill mills don't even provide the product that the consumer paid for. They will simply take the payment and not ship anything in return.
SEO – Drug dealers will not only create professional looking sites from which to conduct their illicit business, they will even work the search engines for high rankings, as in the case of drugdealer.net.
Quantity – According to a study by the Treatment Research Institute at the University of Pennsylvania, there are more than 2 million websites around the world where addictive and potentially lethal medications can be bought without a prescription.
Teens – Largely due to ready availability online, it was determined by a University of Michigan survey that 12th graders were 12 times more likely to have taken Vicodin as they were to have taken heroin in the past year.
Anonymity – Drug-dealing at websites like Silk Road have made it possible to peddle even LSD, marijuana, hash, ecstasy, and heroine. Billed as "an anonymous marketplace" whose URL can be accessed only via TOR, an anonymizing network download. Visitors can get in, score drugs, and get out, in complete anonymity.
Chat – Chat rooms are another venue that small-time drug dealers will exploit online in order to sell their products. The lack of supervision, and the anonymity provided there make the use of most chat rooms an easy and effective means by which to connect with buyers.
Encryption – Sophisticated drug dealers utilize highly advanced encryption technology to foil attempts by law enforcement agencies to intercept their transmissions. It can frequently take hours for computer experts to crack even a 30-second transmission.
Beyond just drugs, criminals of all kinds have exploited new technology for their own purposes. Be aware of what's going on around you and don't trust a website just because it looks good. For your safety, do not buy prescription medication online. You never know what you will get.


It has been our privilege and pleasure to serve you, our friends, with positive music and the ministry of encouragement for the last thirty-seven years. We have merged with our sister stations, WCIC and WBGL, in order to continue bringing you the same great music and encouragement every day right on the dial where you are used to listening.
The features and requests of our Prayer Center and events from the Family Calendar are all available on the new websites. Don't forget to bookmark your new site!


The #NationalLipstickDay July 29 Contest Winners and Gallery!
Let's take a moment of our day to meet the fiercest, most intelligent and drop dead gorgeous women from iWantClips that participated in the #NationalLipstickDay July 29 Contest!
Let's congratulate the model that had the highest number of retweets on her #NationalLipstickDay Contest photo, Violet Doll!!
So happy to see Bratty Nikki in the Top 10.
Oh. And some excellent entries!


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Q: GUI won't close when supposed to (AutoIT) I'm learning AutoIT and am trying to write a script for a GUI that let's
the user enter a few values, hit an OK button, and then see the same values
displayed again before hitting another OK button, quitting the script.
#include <GUIConstantsEx.au3>
#include <WindowsConstants.au3>
#include <MsgBoxConstants.au3>

Example()

Func Example()
    Local $file, $btn, $msg
    Local $width1, $width2, $iOldOpt
    local $startangle, $endangle, $nomeas, $time

    GUICreate("My GUI",370,160) ; will create a dialog box that when displayed is centered
    $iOldOpt = Opt("GUICoordMode", 2)
    $width1 = 300
    $width2 = 50
    GUICtrlCreateLabel("Startvinkel i förhållande till referensriktningen (grader):", 10, 30, $width1)
    $startangle = GUICtrlCreateInput("", 0, -1, $width2)
    GUICtrlCreateLabel("Slutvinkel i förhållande till referensriktningen (grader):", -($width1+$width2), 0, $width1)
    $endangle = GUICtrlCreateInput("", 0, -1, $width2)
    GUICtrlCreateLabel("Antal mätriktningar:", -($width1+$width2), 0, $width1)
    $nomeas = GUICtrlCreateInput("", 0, -1, $width2)
    GUICtrlCreateLabel("Mättid i varje riktning (sekunder):", -($width1+$width2), 0, $width1)
    $time = GUICtrlCreateInput("", 0, -1, $width2)

    $iOldOpt = Opt("GUICoordMode", 1)
    $btn = GUICtrlCreateButton("Ok", 155, 130, 60, 20)

    GUISetState(@SW_SHOW)

    $msg = 0

    ; Loop until the user exits.
    While $msg <> $GUI_EVENT_CLOSE
        $msg = GUIGetMsg()
        Select
            Case $msg = $btn
                ExitLoop
        EndSelect
    WEnd

    GUICreate("My GUI",370,160) ; will create a dialog box that when displayed is centered
    $iOldOpt = Opt("GUICoordMode", 2)
    GUICtrlCreateLabel("Startvinkel i förhållande till referensriktningen (grader):", 10, 30, $width1)
    GUICtrlCreateLabel(GUICtrlRead($startangle), 0, -1, $width2)
    GUICtrlCreateLabel("Slutvinkel i förhållande till referensriktningen (grader):", -($width1+$width2), 0, $width1)
    GUICtrlCreateLabel(GUICtrlRead($endangle), 0, -1, $width2)
    GUICtrlCreateLabel("Antal mätriktningar:", -($width1+$width2), 0, $width1)
    GUICtrlCreateLabel(GUICtrlRead($nomeas), 0, -1, $width2)
    GUICtrlCreateLabel("Mättid i varje riktning (sekunder):", -($width1+$width2), 0, $width1)
    GUICtrlCreateLabel(GUICtrlRead($time), 0, -1, $width2)
    $iOldOpt = Opt("GUICoordMode", 1)
    $btn = GUICtrlCreateButton("Ok", 155, 130, 60, 20)

    While $msg <> $GUI_EVENT_CLOSE
        $msg = GUIGetMsg()
        Select
            Case $msg = $btn
                ExitLoop
        EndSelect
    WEnd

    MsgBox($MB_SYSTEMMODAL, "Finished", GUICtrlRead($nomeas))
EndFunc

The script starts, displays the first GUI and let's me enter my values, but when I click the OK button nothing happens. Why is this?
This script is to some extent based on a coding exemple where clicking the OK button led you to a 'message box', as is seen in the second half of the script. What I've done is essentialy removing the MsgBox()-line and replcing it with GUICreate(). Nothing else has changed.

A: Something like this?
#include <GUIConstantsEx.au3>
#include <WindowsConstants.au3>
#include <MsgBoxConstants.au3>

Example()

Func Example()
    Local $file, $btn, $msg
    Local $width1, $width2, $iOldOpt
    Local $startangle, $endangle, $nomeas, $time

    GUICreate("My GUI", 570, 260) ; will create a dialog box that when displayed is centered
    $iOldOpt = Opt("GUICoordMode", 2)
    $width1 = 300
    $width2 = 50
    GUICtrlCreateLabel("Startvinkel i förhållande till referensriktningen (grader):", 10, 30, $width1)
    $startangle = GUICtrlCreateInput("", 0, -1, $width2)
    GUICtrlCreateLabel("Slutvinkel i förhållande till referensriktningen (grader):", -($width1 + $width2), 0, $width1)
    $endangle = GUICtrlCreateInput("", 0, -1, $width2)
    GUICtrlCreateLabel("Antal mätriktningar:", -($width1 + $width2), 0, $width1)
    $nomeas = GUICtrlCreateInput("", 0, -1, $width2)
    GUICtrlCreateLabel("Mättid i varje riktning (sekunder):", -($width1 + $width2), 0, $width1)
    $time = GUICtrlCreateInput("", 0, -1, $width2)

    $iOldOpt = Opt("GUICoordMode", 1)
    $btn = GUICtrlCreateButton("Ok", 155, 130, 60, 20)

    $1 = GUICtrlCreateLabel("Startvinkel i förhållande till referensriktningen (grader):", 10, 160, 500, 20)
    $2 = GUICtrlCreateLabel("Slutvinkel i förhållande till referensriktningen (grader):", 10, 180, 500, 20)
    $3 = GUICtrlCreateLabel("Antal mätriktningar:", 10, 200, 500, 20)
    $4 = GUICtrlCreateLabel("Mättid i varje riktning (sekunder):", 10, 220, 500, 20)

    GUISetState(@SW_SHOW)

    $msg = 0

    ; Loop until the user exits.
    While $msg <> $GUI_EVENT_CLOSE
        $msg = GUIGetMsg()
        Select
            Case $msg = $btn
;~              MsgBox($MB_SYSTEMMODAL, "Finished", 'Antal mätriktningar: ' & GUICtrlRead($nomeas))

                GUICtrlSetData($1, GUICtrlRead($1) & ', ' & GUICtrlRead($nomeas))
                GUICtrlSetData($2, GUICtrlRead($2) & ', ' & GUICtrlRead($endangle))
                GUICtrlSetData($3, GUICtrlRead($3) & ', ' & GUICtrlRead($time))
                GUICtrlSetData($4, GUICtrlRead($4) & ', ' & GUICtrlRead($startangle))

                GUICtrlSetData($nomeas, '')
                GUICtrlSetData($endangle, '')
                GUICtrlSetData($time, '')
                GUICtrlSetData($startangle, '')

        EndSelect
    WEnd
EndFunc   ;==>Example

A: I guess you want this
#include <GUIConstantsEx.au3>
#include <WindowsConstants.au3>
#include <MsgBoxConstants.au3>

Example()

Func Example()
    Local $file, $btn, $msg
    Local $width1, $width2, $iOldOpt
    Local $startangle, $endangle, $nomeas, $time

    GUICreate("My GUI", 370, 160) ; will create a dialog box that when displayed is centered
    $iOldOpt = Opt("GUICoordMode", 2)
    $width1 = 300
    $width2 = 50
    GUICtrlCreateLabel("Startvinkel i förhållande till referensriktningen (grader):", 10, 30, $width1)
    $startangle = GUICtrlCreateInput("", 0, -1, $width2)
    GUICtrlCreateLabel("Slutvinkel i förhållande till referensriktningen (grader):", -($width1 + $width2), 0, $width1)
    $endangle = GUICtrlCreateInput("", 0, -1, $width2)
    GUICtrlCreateLabel("Antal mätriktningar:", -($width1 + $width2), 0, $width1)
    $nomeas = GUICtrlCreateInput("", 0, -1, $width2)
    GUICtrlCreateLabel("Mättid i varje riktning (sekunder):", -($width1 + $width2), 0, $width1)
    $time = GUICtrlCreateInput("", 0, -1, $width2)

    $iOldOpt = Opt("GUICoordMode", 1)
    $btn = GUICtrlCreateButton("Ok", 155, 130, 60, 20)

    GUISetState(@SW_SHOW)

    $msg = 0

    ; Loop until the user exits.
    While $msg <> $GUI_EVENT_CLOSE
        $msg = GUIGetMsg()
        Select
            Case $msg = $btn
                MsgBox($MB_SYSTEMMODAL, "Finished", 'Antal mätriktningar: ' & GUICtrlRead($nomeas))
                GUICtrlSetData($nomeas, '')
                GUICtrlSetData($endangle, '')
                GUICtrlSetData($time, '')
                GUICtrlSetData($startangle, '')
        EndSelect
    WEnd
EndFunc   ;==>Example

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Multi-million pound Stonehenge visitor centre to open in time for winter solstice
Visitors to Stonehenge will get the chance to explore an impressive new visitor centre close to the ancient site later this year.
English Heritage today announced that the first phase of its long-awaited £27million improvements to the area will be launched to the public on 18 December, in time for winter solstice on 21 December.
Exploring the past: The impressive new visitor centre will open on 18 December
The new visitor centre will house a permanent exhibition that will offer visitors the chance to learn more about the famous monument.
They will be able to 'stand in the stones' thanks to a 360-degree virtual experience before they enter a gallery where they will be able to view nearly 300 prehistoric artefacts and displays that reveal facts and theories about the ancient monument.
Many of the archaeological finds – which are on loan from various museums including the Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum – will be on public display for the first time.
Ancient artefacts: A permanent exhibition will feature nearly 300 prehistoric objects
The first temporary exhibition will chart over 800 years of theories about who built Stonehenge – from 12th-century legends to radiocarbon dating reports in the 1950s.
The environmentally-friendly building, which has been designed by Denton Corker Marshall, features a café, shop, dedicated education space and visitor's car park, and will offer tourists free audio guides.
The centre is 1.5 miles from Stonehenge and visitors will be transported to the monument on a special shuttle service
Ambitious: The £27million project features three stages, the first of which is the opening of the visitor centre
English Heritage's chief executive Simon Thurley said: "This world famous monument, perpetually described as a mystery, finally has a place in which to tell its story.
"The exhibition will change the way people experience and think about Stonehenge forever – beyond the clichés and towards a meaningful inquiry into an extraordinary human achievement in the distant past."
Easy access: The centre will be 1.5 miles from Stonehenge and visitors will be transported between the sites on a shuttle service
Volunteers will begin work on the construction of a group of Neolithic houses in January. The buildings, which are expected to be finished by Easter, will be based on houses where the builders of Stonehenge may have lived, complete with furniture and fittings.
The final phase of the project – the restoration of the landscape around Stonehenge – will be completed by next summer.
The Avenue, Stonehenge's ancient processional approach, has been reconnected to the stone circle after being severed by the A344 road for centuries.
The £27million project has been financed almost entirely by Heritage Lottery Fund money (£10million), English Heritage commercial income and donations.
From 18 December, entrance to the site will be managed through timed tickets and online booking opens on 2 December at www.english-heritage.org.uk/stonehenge.
Stepping back into the past: Construction of a group of Neolithic houses will begin in January next year
Stonehenge, which was constructed between 3,000 BC and 1,600 BC, attracts around 900,000 visitors a year, and is particularly popular during the summer and winter solstice.
It is still shrouded in mystery as nobody is sure how or why the giant boulders were transported hundreds of miles to be constructed at the site.
However, scientists now believe that Neolithic engineers may have used ball bearings in the construction of Stonehenge.
The same technique that allows vehicles and machinery to run smoothly today could have been used to transport the monument's massive standing stones from Wales to Wiltshire more than 4,000 years ago, according to the theory.
Full story: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/article-2438896/Stonehenge-visitor-centre-open-time-winter-solstice.html
By Travelmail Reporter
Tags: english heritage, Neolithic houses, Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum, Stonehenge Visitor Centre, Winter Solstice 2013, World Heritage Site
Categories : English Heritage, Stonehenge Visitor Centre, Winter Solstice
Stonehenge visitor centre and museum to open on 18th December 2013
A new visitor centre at Stonehenge will open in time for the winter solstice, English Heritage has said.
The £27m project also includes grassing over the A334 alongside the ancient monument and closing another section of the busy road.
The visitor centre and museum will be located about a mile-and-a-half (2km) from the stones.
The visitor centre and museum will be located about a mile-and-a-half from the stones
Visitors will be shuttled to Stonehenge by a little train, pulled by a Land Rover.
Stonehenge, built between 3,000 BC and 1,600 BC, is thought to have been used for a variety of religious ceremonies.
It attracts around 900,000 visitors a year, about 70% of whom come from abroad.
Lorraine Knowle, from English Heritage, said the "beautifully and sensitively designed" centre "fits into the rolling landscape of Salisbury Plain very well".
"It will give visitors a real sense of anticipation because the building is really just a stepping stone on the way to seeing the monument," she added.
Also included is a museum which will be lent artefacts found around the stones, from local collections housed in Salisbury and Devizes.
Joe Studholme, from the Salisbury Museum said for the first time visitors to the stones will be able to put the exhibits in context.
"Before people go to the stones they need to know much more about the background. Previously there hasn't been any background about the story of the stones.
"We're thrilled to be in partnership with English Heritage and to be able to tell the whole story about Stonehenge and the wonderful area"
Link source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-wiltshire-24329692
Follow developments on Twitter: https://twitter.com/ST0NEHENGE
Tags: english heritage, Grand Opening, Salisbury Museum, Stonehenge Visitor Centre, Wiltshire, Winter Solstice 2013
Categories : Stonehenge news, Winter Solstice, world heritage site
Crowds see in winter solstice at Stonehenge
Thousands of people have gathered at Stonehenge to watch the sun rise over the ancient monument for the winter solstice
Around 5,000 people are thought to have converged on Stonehenge in Wiltshire, to celebrate the 2012 winter solstice, which is around five times the number at last year's festivities.
This year's winter solstice coincided with the Mayan Apocalypse, so an "End of the World Party" was held at the monument.
During the winter solstice, the sun is closer to the horizon than at any other time in the year, meaning shorter days and longer nights.
The day after the winter solstice marks the beginning of lengthening days, leading up to the summer solstice in June.
Watch a video here: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/telegraphtv/9760577/Crowds-see-in-winter-solstice-at-Stonehenge.html
A good time had by all…………
Merlin at Stonehenge
Categories : Druids, End of the World Party, English Heritage, Mayan Apocalypse, Stonehenge news, Sunrise, Wiltshire Events, Winter Solstice
Arthur Pendragon, Stonehenge and the Solstice
THE RAVING OUTLAW BIKER-DRUIDS AND THEIR 1575-YEAR-OLD KING
Visit Stonehenge on the summer solstice of any year and you'll see 20,000 people partying in and around the ancient rock formation. The crowd is usually made up of around one third tourists, one third pilled-up teenagers in sportswear, and one third neo-druids. It's a genuinely bizarre sight. Don't get me wrong—I enjoy chewing my own face off at archaeologically significant sites as much as the next guy, but in a time when British disobedients seem to spend more time in police kettles than they do in squats, you have to wonder how all of this is, y'know, allowed.
Turns out, it has to do with the guy pictured above, who used to be the leader of an outlaw biker gang, but now claims to be the legendary monarch, King Arthur. Arthur, formerly known as John Rothwell, rose to fame in the 90s when he won his case at the European Court of Human Rights to allow open access to Stonehenge for religious festivals like the summer solstice.
Today, as the elected "Battle Chieftain" of the Council of British Druid Orders, King Arthur and his Loyal Arthurian Warband represent the political wing of Britain's neo-druid community. I headed down to Stonehenge to visit the only living 1575-year-old king.
Please take the time to read the full article by By Matt Shea, Photos by Andrea Herrada
http://www.vice.com/read/all-hail-king-arthur-uther-pendragon
Stonehenge News Blog sponsored by 'Stonehenge Guided Tours' www.StonehengeTours.
Merlin says "Always great see Arthur up at the stones doing his bit"
Stonehenge News Blog
Categories : Arthur Pendragon, Druid ceremony, Druids, Pagans, Solstice, Stonehenge news, wiltshire, Winter Solstice
Stonehenge News. Read all about it!
Once again Stonehenge and Wiltshire is in the spotlight. The recent revealing 3D laser resilts have uncovered some fascinating facts. Stonehenge is being talked about across the world which can only be good for South West toursim. Here is a small selection of Stonehenge Newslinks:
Stonehenge secrets revealed by laser scan
Researchers using laser technology at Stonehenge have uncovered evidence which they say shows the importance of the midwinter sunset to its creators. The scan by English Heritage showed significant differences in how various stones were shaped and…
Stonehenge dressed to impress
A cutting-edge laser scan of Stonehenge has shown how Britain's enigmatic neolithic monument was built to enhance the dramatic passage of sunlight through the circle of stones at midsummer and midwinter. The slabs were intended to appear at their best …
Stonehenge was an 'art gallery' suggests new study
Laser scans have revealed prehistoric carvings of axe heads, which are invisible to the naked eye. The surface of the 83 remaining stones was scanned using state-of-the-art 3D scanners. These recorded using billions of points of microtopographically.
New Stonehenge secrets revealed
Professor Clive Ruggles, emeritus professor of achaeo-astronomy at University of Leicester, said: "This extraordinary new evidence not only confirms the importance of the solstitial alignment at Stonehenge, but also show unequivocally that the formal …
Revealed: Early Bronze Age carvings suggest Stonehenge was a huge prehistoric art gallery
A detailed laser-scan survey of the entire monument has discovered 72 previously unknown Early Bronze Age carvings chipped into five of the giant stones.
Lasers find secrets of Stonehenge
This is Bath
They've dug under it, mapped it, photographed it and dated it, but a new laser scan of Stonehengehas told scientists even more things they didn't already know about the ancient Wiltshire monument – including which way the monument 'faced'. The scan …
The story of British art
From the earliest evocative stone structures at Skara Brae and Stonehenge to the disturbing 20th-century portraits by Francis Bacon and Lucian Freud, the art inspired by the British isles tells a truly spectacular story. Through painting, sculpture …
Midwinter Sun Link to Stonehenge – ITV News
Read Midwinter Sun Link to Stonehenge latest on ITV News. All the Tuesday 9th October 2012 news.#
Midwinter sun linked to Stonehenge – Stonehnege Tours. The latest 3D laser technology has revealed new evidence of the importance of the midwinter sunset to the ancient creators of Stonehenge.
Laser uncovers new Stonehenge evidence (From Salisbury Journal)
NEW evidence to suggest the importance of the solstices at Stonehenge to its creators has been discovered by English Heritage. A 3D laser scan was used to …
Blog Sponsored by 'Stonehenge Guided Tours' www.Stonehengetours.comFor all the latest news on Stonehenge follow us on Twitter:
https://twitter.com/ST0NEHENGE
Categories : 3d laser scan, neolithic, Salisbury Plain, stonehenge guide, stonehenge new theories, Stonehenge news, summer solstice, Visit Wiltshire, Winter Solstice, world heritage site
Stonehenge – New Evidence for its Solstitial Function and Approach
Using the latest 3D laser scanning technology, an English Heritage analysis of Stonehenge has found new evidence of the importance of the two solstices to its creators, including that of the midwinter sunset.
Approach and View from North East Important
The laser scan has revealed significant differences in the way the stones were shaped and worked. These differences show that Stonehenge was not only aligned with the solstices, but that the view of the monument from the Avenue, its ancient processional way to the north east, was particularly important. To approach and view the stone circle from this direction means that the midwinter sunset had special meaning to prehistoric people, and that they made deliberate efforts to create a dramatic spectacle for those approaching the monument from the north east.
The view of Stonehenge as seen from the north east, a view now found to be most important to the creators.
Stones in the North East Segment Larger and More Uniform
A detailed analysis of the first comprehensive laser survey of Stonehenge reveals that those stones on the outer sarsen circle visible when approaching from the north east have been completely pick dressed – that is, the brown and grey crust on the surface has been removed exposing a fine, bright grey-white surface. By contrast, the outer faces of surviving uprights in the south-western segment of the circle were not pick dressed.
These stones facing north-east are also the largest and most uniform in shape, unlike the south-western segment of the monument where there are several smaller and more irregular stones. The lintels are also exceedingly well worked and finished, compared to those that survive elsewhere in the monument.
Stones on Solstitial Axis most Carefully Shaped and Dressed
The study also shows that the techniques and amounts of labour used vary from stone to stone. These variations provide almost definitive proof that it was the intent of Stonehenge's builders to align the monument with the two solstices along a north-east/south-west axis.
The sides of the stones that flanked the solstice axis were found to have been most carefully worked to form very straight and narrow rectangular slots. These stones include two of the north-east facing sarsens in the outer circle, the Great Trilithon in the inner sarsen horseshoe, and a now isolated upright stone in the south-west segment of the outer circle.
Since all other stones have visibly more natural, less neat outlines, this strongly suggests that special effort was made to dress those that flank the NE/SW axis to allow a more dramatic and obvious passage of sunlight through the stone circle on midsummer and midwinter solstices.
Laser scan of the Great Trilithon reveals its extremely straight, neat outline and smooth surface, compared with all the other trilithons. It suggests that Stonehenge creators made deliberate efforts to shape and dress it more carefully due to its special position on the solstice axis, just as they did for other stones that flank this axis.
Solstitial Alignment Currently Severed by Road to be Restored
Loraine Knowles, Stonehenge Director at English Heritage, said: "The new presentation of Stonehenge will enable visitors to appreciate the importance of the solstitial alignment far better. It's why we are closing the A344 – which severs the alignment – to enable the stone circle to be reunited with the Avenue."
The new Stonehenge visitor centre at Airman's Corner, 1.5 miles west and out of sight of Stonehenge, is scheduled to open in late 2013.
Findings Exceed Expectations
Analysis of the laser scan has also led to the discovery of many more prehistoric carvings, including 71 new Bronze Age axeheads, which bring the number of this type of carvings known at Stonehenge to 115.
Susan Greaney, Senior Properties Historian at English Heritage, said: "We didn't expect the results to be so revealing about the architecture of Stonehenge. It has given further scientific basis to the theory of the solstitial alignment and the importance of the approach to the monument from the Avenue in mid winter.
"Analysis of the different techniques used to dress the stones may even help to refine the chronology of the construction. Disappointing to some, the scan has also ruled out many poorly defined lines and hollows previously thought to be possible prehistoric carvings."
English Heritage commissioned the first comprehensive laser survey on Stonehenge in 2011. Archaeological analysis was then carried out to examine the high-resolution data that was produced for all the stone surfaces.
Link: http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/about/news/stonehenge-solstitial-function/
Blog sponsored bt 'Stonehenge Guided Tours' www.StonehengeTour.com
Categories : 3d laser scan, 3d stonehenge, archaeologists, astronomy, stonehenge new theories, Stonehenge tours, Stonehenge Visitor Centre, summer solstice, Winter Solstice
Stonehenge up close: digital laser scan reveals secrets of the past
Most detailed analysis yet of prehistoric stone circle shows how masons spent more time making key areas look the best
Like any corner-cutting modern builder, the ancient stonemasons who built Stonehenge lavished the most work and best materials where they would be first seen –shining in the last light of the setting winter solstice sun, or at dawn on the longest day.
Stonehenge: a digital laser scan has revealed tool marks from 4,500 years ago, and graffiti made by Victorian visitors. Photograph: Yoshihiro Takada/Corbis
The first complete 3D laser scan of the stone circle has also revealed tool marks made 4,500 years ago, scores of little axehead graffiti added when the enormous slabs were already 1,000 years old, and damage and graffiti contributed by Georgian and Victorian visitors.
The survey, carried out for English Heritage, exposes numerous details now invisible to the naked eye and will be used in displays for the long-awaited new visitor centre, due to open late next year. It shows the stones in unprecedented precision, from the double-decker bus height sarsens from Salisbury Plain that give the monument its unmistakable profile, to the smaller bluestones brought from west Wales by means still hotly debated, and the stumps of stones that have almost been destroyed.
It also confirms the importance of the prehistoric monument's alignment on the winter and summer solstice. The largest, most uniform and most imposing stones, carefully shaped and dressed through hundreds of hours of work with stone hammers, were set where they would be seen first by people approaching the monument from north-east along the Avenue, a processional way that would have been particularly spectacular at the midwinter sunset.
In an epic piece of work, the stones facing in that direction were laboriously shaped to appear straight and regular, their original rough brown surfaces hammered away, or pick-dressed, to expose the lighter inner layer of stone, which when newly worked would have shone in the sunlight. The gigantic lintels that bridge the uprights were also elaborately worked to even their size and height.
In contrast, on the opposite side of the circle the builders only bothered to pick-dress the inner faces of the surviving uprights. The backs, they clearly reckoned, would never be studied in detail.
Clive Ruggles, emeritus professor of archaeoastronomy at the University of Leicester, said it was already clear that Stonehenge was one of the earliest examples of a monument aligned on the winter and summer solstices.
"Now we can see how the utmost care and attention was devoted to ensuring the pristine appearance of Stonehenge for those completing their final approach to the monument along the solstitial axis. The effect would have been especially powerful at the two times of year when the sunlight itself shone along the alignment – when those approaching had the midsummer rising sun behind or the midwinter setting sun ahead."
Some hollows, cracks and lines interpreted in the past as carvings have been revealed as natural features, but what astonished Susan Greaney, an English Heritage historian and expert on Stonehenge, is the extent of surviving tool marks.
"Some are quite visible, and have long been noted, but the surprise to me was that everywhere we looked, on every surface, even on very weathered faces of stones which have been lying on the ground for centuries, we could see evidence of the stone working. On some you can see where different groups worked on different areas of the same stone – and with varying skills."
Long after the monument was built, when Bronze Age burial mounds rich in grave goods began to be scattered across the plain around Stonehenge, and the archaeological evidence suggests those who could make or trade in metal goods had an almost shamanic status, people carved little images of daggers and axes, many now invisible to the naked eye, into the stones. Scores more have been revealed by the scan, including 71 new axe heads, bringing the total to 115 – doubling the number ever recorded in Britain.
"It is wonderful to have discovered so many more, but what is fascinating is that they are carved without regard to the importance or the siting of the stones – almost as if the people who carved them could no longer quite remember the significance of the monument and how it worked," Greaney said.
Writing about the project in the new issue of British Archaeology, Marcus Abbott, head of geomatics and visualisation for ArcHeritage, and Hugo Anderson-Whymark, an Oxford based expert on ancient worked stone, note that the 850 gigabytes of data covering hundreds of faces of the stones were equivalent to 750m pages of printed text or 200,000 music files.
"Over the months we have recorded and scrutinised every square centimetre of Stonehenge in unparalleled detail, revealing over 700 areas of stoneworking, rock art, graffiti, damage and restoration."
They processed the data digitally to strip away weathering and surface texture, and as well as revealing carved details, were able to show that some stones that now appear insignificant were originally much more imposing, but have either broken naturally or been quarried for building stone.
"Fallen stones were particularly vulnerable – the analysis suggests that six have lost tens of tons of stone – and as Stonehenge became a major tourist attraction in the 19th century visitors could actually hire chisels to hack away their own souvenirs.
For Greaney their work answers one of the Stonehenge mysteries – but leaves another unsolved. Some had suggested because some stones are so much less imposing and others are missing, that Stonehenge was never finished.
"I think we can say now that the monument certainly was finished – but where the stone went is still a puzzle. At Avebury you can readily see stone reused in nearby buildings from medieval times on, but Stonehenge is some distance from the nearest village, so it's much less easy to see where the stone would have been taken – although we have looked far and wide, we have not succeeded in finding evidence of the re-use of the missing stones."
Source: Maev Kennedy The Guardian,
Sponsored by 'Stonehenge Guided Tours' www.StonehengeTours.com
The Stonehenge Stone Circle News Blog
Categories : 3d laser scan, archaeologists, Archaeology, Avebury, stonehenge new theories, Stonehenge news, Stonehenge tours, summer solstice, Winter Solstice

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Henry Anderson Leonard Williams Trumaine Johnson Darryl Roberts Steve McLendon Nathan Shepherd Morris Claiborne Jon Toth Mike Maccagnan Jamal Adams Sam Darnold Jonotthan Harrison Sports NFL football Professional football Football College football College sports NFL Draft Athlete injuries Athlete health
Jets bolster defense early, but still have key questions
By DENNIS WASZAK Jr. - Apr. 27, 2019 07:57 PM EDT
Alabama defensive tackle Quinnen Williams poses with NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell after the New York Jets selected Williams in the first round at the NFL football draft, Thursday, April 25, 2019, in Nashville, Tenn. (AP Photo/Mark Humphrey)
FLORHAM PARK, N.J. (AP) — Mike Maccagnan resisted the urge to trade down or make his first pick based solely on need to kick off the New York Jets' draft weekend.
He ended up with perhaps the best overall talent in this year's class, taking Alabama defensive tackle Quinnen Williams at No. 3 on Thursday night.
It's hard to criticize that selection — a no-brainer — by the Jets general manager, even if taking a punishing pass rusher would have filled one of the team's biggest needs.
"When you factor (need) into your evaluation process," Maccagnan said, "you run the risk of potentially making a mistake."
Maccagnan made it clear New York was open for business to trade on the draft's opening night but found no suitable offers — and instead bolstered his defensive line with Williams.
"I'm coming in to be a dominant player up front," Williams said, "and be a dominant player, in general."
As it turned out, Maccagnan got his edge rusher Friday night, when he took a gamble on Florida's talented but polarizing Jachai Polite in the third round.
Then came some wheeling and dealing.
The Jets moved up one spot by trading with Minnesota to take USC offensive tackle Chuma Edoga with the 92nd overall pick. New York then traded down twice early Saturday before grabbing West Virginia tight end Trevon Wesco in the fourth round.
Maccagnan wrapped up the Jets' draft haul by making some risky selections: Minnesota linebacker Blake Cashman in the fifth round, and Rutgers cornerback Blessuan Austin in the sixth. Both come with injury concerns — Coleman had three shoulder surgeries in college, and Austin tore the anterior cruciate ligament in his left knee twice.
"Like everything else, you're never really done building the roster," Maccagnan said. "You're constantly doing that, but we felt at this point in time we made some good strides, and we have some good pieces in place."
Here's one last look at the Jets' draft:
WHO THEY GOT
It all starts with Williams, of course. For the third straight year, the player many considered the best in the draft "fell" to the Jets. It was safety Jamal Adams in 2017 and quarterback Sam Darnold last year. Both are cornerstones of the franchise, and Williams has a chance to quickly become one, too.
Polite was initially thought to be a first-round talent, but his draft stock plummeted because of a hamstring injury that affected his NFL combine performance and pro day. Nagging character issues also added to the flaws, but the Jets could be getting a steal if Polite's mind and body are right as he begins his pro career.
Edoga could eventually work his way to a starting role at right or left tackle, and he can play guard, too. Oh, and he and Darnold were once teammates at USC, which certainly doesn't hurt.
Wesco is a big blocking tight end who could quickly become a favorite of running back Le'Veon Bell if he can help blow open some holes up front.
Cashman and Austin are developmental players who might make their marks early on special teams. Maccagnan said Austin could start camp on the physically unable to perform list, so it's uncertain how much impact he'll make this season.
SURPRISE MOVE
Trading up to take Edoga had some fans scratching their heads, especially those hoping for a cornerback or center at that point in the draft.
Those same fans were a bit baffled a round later when the Jets took a blocking tight end in Wesco.
HOW THEY DID
There will be plenty of excitement about New York's defensive front with Williams combining with Leonard Williams, Henry Anderson, Steve McLendon and Nathan Shepherd, the team's third-rounder last year, expected to put lots of pressure on quarterbacks up the middle.
A motivated Polite could also eventually give the Jets a consistent pass-rushing presence from the outside that they have lacked since the days of John Abraham in the early 2000s.
The other selections, perhaps other than Wesco, could take some time before becoming regular contributors.
New York still has quite a few holes, including at cornerback, where Trumaine Johnson is a certain starter on one side and Darryl Roberts appears to be the favorite on the other. Morris Claiborne remains a free agent and is rehabilitating an undisclosed injury, said Maccagnan, who also didn't rule out bringing the veteran back.
Center remains a question mark, too, with Jonotthan Harrison the leading candidate to start. Jon Toth, who spent last season on the practice squad, is the only other player at the position on the roster, so the Jets could explore bringing in a veteran free agent.


Starbucks has opened its first European express store in London's Canary Wharf.
With an open layout, the new store features a walk-through experience and a streamlined menu at an early order point which allows customers to order, pay and pick-up even faster.
"We recognise some of our customers, especially busy commuters in Canary Wharf, are moving at a fast pace and efficient, high-quality service whatever the time of day," explained Rhys Iley, vice president operations, Starbucks Europe, Middle East & Africa.
Designed for people on-the-go who want Starbucks products, coupled with the efficiency that comes from knowing what they want, the store offers a welcoming environment with the barista and customer at its heart.
The streamlined menu focuses on high-quality brewed coffee, signature espresso beverages and a selection of popular food items including breakfast sandwiches, all displayed on digital menu boards that rotate throughout the day. For customers who choose to order ahead, Mobile Order & Pay is also integrated.
"The new express format is the latest in our evolving store portfolio, which aims to meet the needs of our customers while keeping our baristas at the heart of the customer experience," added Iley.
The London launch follows the successful express format store openings in New Yor, Toronto and Chicago.


July 17, 2008. O2Micro® International Limited (NASDAQ®: OIIM; SEHK: 0457), a leading supplier of innovative power management and security components and systems, was issued 11 claims under United States patent number 7,391,191 for its Switching Resistance Linear Regulator architecture.
O2Micro's patented architecture enables output voltage control using a switching resistance method based on feedback data. This switching resistance linear regulation overcomes the stability issues that plague conventional linear regulators.
"This new linear regulator architecture is highly cost effective, using a minimum number of external components. It provides excellent load transient behavior and small quiescent current for extended battery life," said Laszlo Lipcsei, vice president, O2Micro.


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Get your evidence admitted
Manage the chain of custody
Robert Tie, CFE
"One of investigators' biggest and most frequent mistakes is not properly documenting their evidence," says Hugo A. Holland, Jr., J.D., CFE, assistant district attorney in Louisiana's First Judicial District.
Holland, who's also an ACFE faculty member, knows this first hand. With 25 years of experience fighting white-collar crime, including political corruption, he's routinely called on by the state attorney general to prosecute cases in districts throughout Louisiana.
"I often see reports in which the first time an investigator mentions a piece of evidence is when he or she discusses examining it," he explains. "Then I have to ask, 'Where did you get that evidence, and who's done what to it?' An investigator always should document that, even when the nature of the item makes it unnecessary to trace its movement from each and every custodian to the next."
But wait — the courts don't always call for full documentation of entire chains of custody?
"That's right," Holland says. "If you can easily recognize an item and readily notice any tampering, it's generally not essential to track the chain of custody in detail before attempting to introduce the item into evidence."
For example, each Smith & Wesson Model 66 revolver, because of its serial number, is unique and quickly distinguishable from others. Regardless, it's important to document the source and any analysis of a gun. Likewise, a forged or otherwise fraudulent contract that a CFE has seized, initialed and dated is easily identifiable. For each item, Holland says, the chain of custody is less significant than the CFE's testimony that it's in the same condition now as it was when seized. Unless there's proof to the contrary, a judge would admit the gun and the contract as evidence.
Conversely, an item's unique identifying features might not be readily apparent, and substitutions or material alterations to them could escape detection during an ordinary visual inspection. Holland notes that in such instances, the investigator must establish, maintain and comprehensively document a chain of custody to facilitate admission of the item in court.
To illustrate, he describes a hypothetical situation in which a CFE's client company has been victimized by fraud and received an anonymous letter about the scheme. The CFE realizes that the envelope bears important evidence about its sender, so she brings it to a forensic lab, which is able to obtain DNA samples from the back of the stamp and the envelope's seal. The samples, taken on cotton swabs, are later matched to one from a suspect. Because simple visual scrutiny can't distinguish among such items, it's important to preserve and document the chain of custody — from its seizure, through testing, to its submission as evidence. Thus, when the CFE receives the swabs and lab report, she should seal and label them in preparation for introducing them in court.
The ACFE's new Professional Standards for Certified Fraud Examiners, which have been posted for public comment on ACFE.com and are expected to go into effect in the second half of 2012, provide important guidance on these matters. Section 3.5.1 of the standards defines the chain of custody as "… both a process and a document that memorializes who has had possession of an object and what that party has done with it." And Standard IV-B, Standards of Examination — Evidence, states in part that:
Members shall endeavor to establish effective control and management procedures for documents.
Members shall be cognizant of the chain of custody including origin, possession and disposition of relevant evidence and material.
Members shall strive to preserve the integrity of relevant evidence and material.
Holland, on behalf of his state's attorney general, is leading a political corruption case in a district other than his own. He recently charged in that district the elected sheriff with perjury, malfeasance and abuse of office. A reliable informant had alleged to Holland that the sheriff had offered money to a vagrant to plant drugs in the car of the public defender — the sheriff's longtime foe.
"When I told the intended victim about this allegation, he was furious," Holland says. "And he revealed that one of his clients — a renovation contractor in jail awaiting trial — had said he was being forced to recondition the sheriff's home while out of jail on day-long releases arranged for that purpose."
After Holland and investigators from the district sufficiently corroborated the contractor's assertion, they prepared to prove the case in court. They gathered two forms of circumstantial evidence: photographs of the sheriff's new roof and original documentation of the dates when the deputy booked the contractor into jail and subsequently gave him day passes, allegedly to repair the sheriff's home.
With this and other convincing proof in hand, Holland is confident the prosecution will prevail. He's already gotten the photographs admitted as evidence, and at press time he was preparing to request that the judge also enter the jailhouse documents into the record.
"Because the latter are originals, chain of custody is not the main issue," Holland says. "There's no question of their being tampered with; only two people have touched them since I seized them. The important thing is to make sure they don't disappear, so I've locked them away."
DEPENDS ON WHERE YOU ARE
"In most jurisdictions, there's no need to document the chain of custody for photographs, but it is necessary to provide identifying information that authenticates them," Holland says. "Like original documents, their value as evidence primarily depends on whether they are what they purport to be."
For example, he says, in a case where a suspect used a computer to commit fraud, the most important factor governing admissibility of relevant photographs generally would be the CFE's testimony that the photos accurately depict the location of the suspect's PC and its inaccessibility to others. If the judge believes the CFE's statement, he or she will admit the photographs as evidence.
The risk that the judge will not admit photographs is likely minimal. But Holland notes that any user of Adobe Photoshop or similar commercial software can easily alter a photographic image. Such changes, while perhaps not readily noticeable, can significantly affect the image's accuracy and evidentiary value.
To guard against unauthorized manipulation, Holland recommends that when the CFE transfers a photograph from a camera to a hard drive, he or she also copy it to a CD or DVD, documenting the date and other details of this backup.
Later, if a question arises as to whether a photograph provided to the court differs in any way from the original taken by the CFE, a comparison of the two will provide the answer. Widely available tools make it easy to perform such a comparison on the basis of a numeric hash value calculated from each image's digital value.
"Every photograph's hash is its unique 'genetic fingerprint,' " Holland says. "No two are alike. An alteration might be legitimate and benign, for example, sharpening an image of a document to make it more legible. But whoever made such a legitimate alteration should reveal its date and purpose. Changes whose agent and justification are unknown would likely necessitate re-submission of the original, unaltered photograph from the CFE's archive."
Another jurisdictional disparity exists between federal courts and roughly half the states, Holland notes. The former — and jurisdictions that have adopted its position — permit the introduction of a copy of an original document if there's no reason to doubt the copy's authenticity. In other states, only original documents can be entered as evidence.
The Federal Rules of Evidence form the core of every state's chain-of-custody requirements, but differences abound, such as those cited above. Therefore, Holland advises, when a CFE expects to gather evidence for presentation in a legal proceeding, she first should review the applicable rules with counsel for her client or employer.
"In both criminal and civil proceedings, the majority of jurisdictions apply the same criteria for evaluating admissibility," Holland says. "While the burden of proof differs, the amount of it necessary for the judge to admit evidence is generally identical. The only question the judge has to answer is whether the proponent of the evidence has proven that the item is more likely than not what it purports to be."
DOCUMENTING AND CONTROLLING EVIDENCE
Holland, returning to the above hypothetical case of a computer used to commit fraud, describes how an investigator might unwittingly undermine his credibility and that of his hard-won evidence.
"Let's assume he takes 20 photographs, to which his digital camera automatically assigns sequential numbers," Holland says. "But four are fuzzy, so he deletes them — a big mistake whose significance will become apparent when he has to turn the remaining16 photographs over to opposing counsel, who doubtless will ask if he took others. The minute he admits deleting four photographs, that investigator and his evidence will lose their credibility in the eyes of the judge and jury."
To avoid this pitfall, Holland recommends the following best practices to CFEs who handle photographic evidence:
Never delete any photographs. If you do, the record is incomplete.
In your evidence summary, state how many photographs you took, and identify any that didn't turn out well.
Authenticate each photograph by indicating:
What it purports to represent.
The date you took it.
Where you've stored the photograph.
"Regardless of how many people had custody of an item, the attorney decides which ones will testify in support of admitting it as evidence," Holland says. "But he or she can't make an informed decision without first learning from the CFE each potential witness's name, address and involvement in the item's chain of custody."
For CFEs gathering evidence for trial, the messages are clear: Familiarize yourself with relevant provisions of the ACFE's professional standards and those of federal and your jurisdiction's rules, understand how chain-of-custody and documentation requirements relate to each type of evidentiary item in various conditions and be mindful of how your handling and reporting of evidence can make or break a case as well as your relationship with counsel and other investigators.
23rd Annual ACFE Fraud Conference & Exhibition
Session 12B: "What Can a Forensic Lab Do for Your White-Collar Investigation?"
Session leader: Hugo A. Holland, Jr., J.D., CFE
Robert Tie, CFE, is a New York business writer and contributing editor of Fraud Magazine.
The Association of Certified Fraud Examiners assumes sole copyright of any article published on www.fraud-magazine.com or www.ACFE.com. ACFE follows a policy of exclusive publication. Permission of the publisher is required before an article can be copied or reproduced. Requests for reprinting an article in any form must be emailed to FraudMagazine@ACFE.com.
Corporate Fraud Handbook: Prevention and Detection, Fourth Edition
Finding the Truth
2012 Fraud Examiners Manual, US Edition


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text:
[La città ideale]
Country: Italy Year: 2012 Duration: 105 mins Language: Italian with English subtitles Genre Drama/Thriller Director: Luigi Lo Cascio Cast: Aida Burruano, Luigi Maria Burruano, Barbara Enrichi Classification Exemption: 15+
Actor turned director Luigi Lo Cascio (Baarìa, IFF 2010) stars as the talented architect and fervent environmentalist Michele who has moved from Palermo to his ideal city, Siena. He holds a successful job and is living out a dream experiment of functioning one year without running water or electricity. Not surprisingly, he also displays a passionate opposition to cars and driving. One evening, after being forced to borrow his boss' car in order to collect a colleague for a work function, Michele's life takes an unexpected turn.
In the blinding rain Michele hits something he cannot identify. After leaving a note on a parked car he believes he damaged, he continues down the road only to come across a dead body a few miles down which he later discovers belongs to one of Siena's most important luminaries. Michele immediately calls the police, but in doing so, he unwittingly brings intense suspicion on himself as his uncertainty raises more questions than he has answers for.
This stylish European thriller screened as part of the Venice Film Festival Critics Week in 2012. Lo Cascio, who also appears in this year's festival film Salvo, is remarkable in his portrayal of a man whose honesty is his own undoing in a situation where nothing is quite what it seems.
2012 Venice Film Festival - Young Cinema Award (Best Italian Film - winner)
2013 David di Donatello - Best New Director (nominated)
2013 Hong Kong International Film Festival


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text:
Gare de Morannes – przystanek kolejowy w Morannes, w departamencie Maine i Loara, w regionie Kraj Loary, we Francji.

Został otwarty w 1863 przez Compagnie des chemins de fer de l'Ouest. Jest przystankiem kolejowym Société nationale des chemins de fer français (SNCF), obsługiwaną przez pociągi TER Pays de la Loire.

Położenie
Znajduje się na wysokości 34 m n.p.m., na km 273,188 km linii Le Mans – Angers, pomiędzy stacjami Sablé i Étriché - Châteauneuf.

Usługi
Usługi kolejowe są prowadzone przez pociągi TER Pays de la Loire, kursujące między Le Mans i Angers.

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne

Morannes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


As the year draws to a close, I have added some additional images from past events to the gallery. From 'Red Band Society' promo tour back in 2014, to 'daisie' launch this year (sadly the only public event Charlie attended this year). So check them out.
To sum up the year, there was lots of Chalrie on TV. First in 'Salvation', which was sadly cancelled after two seasons, and the in 'Vanity Fair' (which is now on Amazon for the US, so check that out as well). And we have a new, as of yet unspecified, movie role to look forward to next year, with Charlie being in the Elton John biopic 'Rocketman' with Taron Egerton and Jamie Bell. So see you all next year!
Last night, Charlie attended the launch party of 'daisie', a new app from Maisie Williams of 'Game of Thrones' fame (read more here). You can see a couple of images from the event in the gallery.
Added a few pictures of Charlie at the 'Painters Painters' exhibition last November. Enjoy!
Updated the gallery with all event images from Comic-Con, as well as some new photoshoot, magazine, TV and miscellaneous images, so check out the last updated page in the gallery!
Charlie is currently at the San Diego Comic Con promoting 'Salvation'. You can see the first images from a Sirius XM event up at the gallery.
Charlie recently attended the Indy Honda Toronto event of which you can see images in the gallery. He has also been busy doing photoshoots for magazines to promote 'Salvation'. You can read the interview for Vulkan magazine at their website and see images from that and a photoshoot for Imagista in the gallery.
What was the first role or type of character you ever wanted to portray, the one that made you really think you wanted to act?
I remember being fifteen and, instead of revising and studying, I would watch and re-watch The Sopranos. James Gandolfini is one the first actors I remember having a seriously dramatic effect on me. I adore him, I adore that role – I adore him in that role.
You made your off-Broadway debut last year, do you have an aspiration to more theatre?
Yes. I'd love to do more. I'm trying to focus on cameras at the minute, but I have an attachment to the stage. If I had the opportunity to, I would.
Charlie will attend the 'Salvation' panel at the San Diego Comic Con on Saturday, July 22. You can see the schedule at MovieWeb.
There's also a new interview over at La Confidential Magazine. You can see images from that in the gallery and read a short excerpt below. New 'Salvation' stills will be added soon.
You've done some stage work as well as television and movies. Out of the three, which has been your favorite outlet and why?
CR: I love film, I'm really trying to focus on film, it's what I grew up with. I had an amazing experience on stage last year [in The Judas Kiss]. We did it at BAM in New York. I had to get completely naked on stage—I had to snog Rupert Everett on stage. At first, it was one of the most terrifying things I've ever done, but it was creatively liberating. I had such a good time. There's something about not wearing clothes and being on stage that is a freeing feeling. Each project I do is creatively engaging in every way.
Who is your dream co-star and what is your dream role?
CR: I think my dream role would be Mark Wahlberg's in Boogie Nights. I watched that film recently, and it's just an unbelievable movie. It's a brilliant part. I think one of the actors I'd love to work with is unfortunately dead, but James Gandolfini is one of my favorite actors.


Vinicunca, or more popularly known as Rainbow Mountain, has only just came into it's popularity over the last few years, resting in the Ausangate region just outside of Cusco. The drive out through the valleys of the Andes almost being just as stunning as the mountain itself, passing by fellow sought after destinations in Peru like Moray and Salkantay fields. While lavender hues and shades of carnelian bleeding into terra cotta reds are around every corner and outside every window, of the tour bus, flying through the burning colours of the Peruvian Mountains, with beauty taking your breath away, your day is starting nothing short of perfect….early, but perfect.
That morning was cold, it was our second day trip with Trexperience, we had unsuccessfully tried to sneak out a hotel blanket, woke the security guard while coming to a "bolted locked" door, only for him to stare us down while he slid the lock up off the handles without unlocking the bolt at all. I mean, if the idea is for it to seem locked for outsiders, it's working.
We were once again picked up early by Juan at Trexperience to beat the crowds although most others, unlike Humantay Lake, had the same notion and we had quite a few tired yet eager travelers eating breakfast along side us. I'm not sure who brought all the dogs, but I made SO many friends that morning, and by make friends I mean trade Peruvian bread for quality pat time.
We began the trek and within minutes I was out of breath, completely. Rainbow Mountain starts at an elevation of 4,326 metres or 14, 189 ft for my Americans out there, ending at 5200m / 17,060ft. Yep, you're pretty much climbing close to 1000 metres at what I've personally experienced to be the hardest air to inhale to date, I'm sure if I climb Kilaminjaroo or Everest I'll have another thing coming, but this was no joke.
Daniela took a horse up but I was pretty determined to climb the whole way myself, although halfway I seriously considered getting a horse but luckily one of our guides Alex motivated me to keep going. He also gave me coca leaves and what Peruvians call Condor "pee" actually an Andean scent called Agua de Florida, to rub on your hands and inhale, bringing about cleansing, healing and purification.
By the time I was at the point of taking two steps and stopping repeatedly I decided "Nah, that's it. I'm getting the bloody horse." I tried to bargain with one of the horse shaman and he told me it was illegal because I was TOO CLOSE to the top! I don't know much French but I do know the F word and I thought it pretty intensely, maybe muttered it into my sweating chest and began my two-step tango I was performing up the mountain with Alex dragging me by the hand for help and of course, motivation.
The last leg is truly the hardest, it was icy and a little slippery and very steep, with very thin air. But once you're up, you're UP!
There really aren't many words to describe something so organically beautiful in nature like Rainbow Mountain, it's like stepping into the Grand Canyon in the USA for the first time, sailing through Ha Long Bay in Vietnam or floating alongside the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. I won't be surprised if this beautiful destination gets added to a world wonder list. It truly is breathtaking.
There is of course a catering to tourists, dressed up Alpaca's and those trying to sell taking your photo etc but it wasn't overboard.
Somehow the walk down was amazingly quick, infact I think I half ran it, mostly due to hunger and knowing delicious food was waiting for us at the bottom, beginning to regret sharing my breakfast with all the doggos.
The team at Trexperience definitely know how to put on a good spread with quite possibly the best guacamole I've ever had and if you know me, you know guacamole is pretty much my blood type tied with coffee. The team is also so friendly and informative, I loved the conversation and encouragement during the climb.
There was one point we found some ice and wrote our names in it, laying down as well on it and it was nice to take that time to play, have fun and most importantly be present in the moment. It felt like hanging out with friends more so than a "guided tour" although when curiosity did strike the guide side of it was available to tap into with information at the tip of your trekking pole.
It was definitely one of the toughest hikes I've ever done, but one with one of the greatest rewards and truly great company along the way, so once again Trexperience managed to turn a tour into an experience, true to their name and offering transparency and a welcomed what-you-see-is-what-you-should-expect attitude and always going above my expectations at that.
If you're looking for day trips from Cusco, Rainbow Mountain is a must, and if you're looking for day trips in general, Trexperience would be my 100% hands down recommendation for any and all tours from Cusco through the Andes. It's exactly what you see, an experience, they're passionate, they offer what is promised, you make great friends and walk away with an experience to look back on and tell of for a lifetime.


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The Notorious CCV (Cameron Carter-Vickers) and JW Talk USA, Spurs, and Mighty Ipswich Town
This article originally appeared in the April 13th issue of our newsletter, The Raven. Subscribe HERE.
As the conersation surrounding the USMNT shifts from eulogy to born-again, Cameron Carter-Vickers is a name you hear a lot. Tottenham's 6'1", 200-pound, former high school shot putter has been tapped as the U.S.'s heir apparent at center back, a position that's been in constant flux since the Bocanegra dynasty fell in 2012. CCV is English born, but eligible to represent Rog's new home country via his father, former NBA first round-draft pick Howard "Hi-C" Carter.
This January, as I struggled to stay awake during another decaffeinated Championship season for my beloved Ipswich Town, CCV provided me a shot of espresso, signing a loan deal at Portman Road. To see an up-and-coming USMNT'er ply their trade in East Anglia has given me a great thrill, even if the team's results haven't. I recently had the chance to talk with CCV via phone, and as great as the temptation was to do a deep dive on all things Tractors, including Mick McCarthy's impending departure, I figured GFOPs would be more interested in other topics, like the future of the USMNT and Spurs. Here are a few of my takeaways from our conversation:
There's a sense of optimism and familiarity among the USMNT's young crop.
CCV earned his first full cap against Portugal in November, coming on as a halftime sub in a 1 - 1 draw. He then played a rough and tumble, but composed 90 minutes in a 1 - 0 victory over Paraguay in March. He told me his pre-existing relationship with members of the back four in that game (DeAndre Yedlin, Matt Miazga and Jorge Villafaña) helped quell nerves. "There was a good energy. Everyone was working together. We were with each other and behind each other." CCV and Miazga, who is currently on loan from Chelsea to Vitesse in the Netherlands, paired together in the 2015 U-20 World Cup and keep in touch via text while at their respective clubs, according to CCV. It sounds like this type of connection is common among the young players called into these last two U.S. camps. "A lot of the guys played together before, so we know each other and have a connection on and off the field. We're all hungry. We're all pushing each other." Loving again so soon after being burnt is tough, but it's hard for USMNT fans not to find this encouraging.
CCV was born and raised in Britain, but he's got some Bayou in him.
CCV's dad is from Louisiana and played hoops at LSU before turning pro and playing in the NBA, and then in Europe. During summer holidays growing up, CCV visited his dad's family in Baton Rouge. "I used to think it was so hot, that was my first impression." He also told me about the commingling of accents, Essex and Cajun. "My dad's family have pretty strong southern accents. Sometimes when they talk a bit faster, or it's a big group of them talking, I have to concentrate to understand. I also have to slow down a bit and talk a bit clearer for them sometimes." Lost in translation moments aside, it is clear CCV takes a lot of pride in representing the U.S. "I've always been very close with my dad and my family in the States. Every time I get to play for America, no matter what level it's at, I feel like it's an honor." You definitely get a sense that America means more to CCV than just an opportunity to play international football. There seems to be a bonafide connection.
He hopes this season's Championship experience leads to bigger and better for club and country.
Before Ipswich, CCV spent the first half of the season on loan at Sheffield United, another Championship side. As of this writing, he's made a combined 30 appearances for the two clubs, most of them coming in the league, one that often blurs the line between football and pugilism. "We play two or three times a week. Sometimes there's not much rhythm to the game. It's quite fast-paced, end to end, so you have to be ready to work hard, get up and down the pitch, and get ready for the battle." CCV said he thinks the experience has made him a more consistent player. "Playing against full grown men every week helps." While he keeps regular contact with Kyle Walker-Peters and Harry Winks at Spurs, his main connection to his parent club comes via a coach who attends his games and sends reports of each performance home from the front. "I've got to impress the managers, and hopefully get into the club next year. Then take it from there. It would be great to play big games in the Champions League, big games in the Premier League." As for his country, all eyes are on Qatar 2022. "The next qualifying campaign is massive."
Cameron Carter-VickersPremier LeagueFootball
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JW on Football in the Shadows of Buddha
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Willow Creek at Lampe Park is filled to the brim and the water is chock-full of fish.
The 18th annual Kids' Fishing Derby kicks off at 8 a.m. Saturday morning and will feature some of its largest fish ever.
Approximately 35 trout from American Trout & Salmon in Susanville, Calif., ranging in weight from 7 to 8 pounds, were planted Thursday morning, along with 750 Lahontan cutthroats (4 to 5 pounds each) and 2,000 fish from Mason Valley in the 3- to 5-pound range.
But don't get any ideas about sneaking down for some free fish before the fact.
"These fish are for the kids. We have citizen's patrol and sheriff's Explorers guarding the area at night," Clark said.
Derby board president Pam Rodrigues said that she expects this year's crowd to be among the largest they've seen.
Even with an influx of registrations – the derby had 1,758 children registered as of Thursday with several openings still available for Sunday – the derby experienced a large boost in volunteers this year.
However, there is still a bit need for help on Sunday.
"We'll take as much as we can get," Dowell said.
Volunteers are still welcome to come on board through Friday evening. Anyone interested in helping out can contact Dowell at KFDvolunteers@aol.com or at 267-2724.
The registration deadline is Friday as well. Saturday's sessions are already full, but a number of sessions are still available Sunday afternoon. To register, visit the Douglas County Parks & Recreation office across from Lampe Park to register. There is no cost to register, which leaves this derby as one of the largest free events of its kind west of the Mississippi River.
Volunteers have been working throughout the week to prepare the park for the derby.
Loaner poles are available to children who don't have their own equipment.
Aside from the fish, the derby will have a snack bar running throughout the weekend with numerous other booths and raffles.


I know this sort of thing has been asked many times before, but I'd appreciate some more specific input.
I'm visiting Japan for the first time at the end of this month. I've organised a homestay with a family (husband, wife, 2yr old boy, 4yr old girl) in Tokyo for ten days and was wondering what sort of things I should take them (assuming that a gift is appropriate).
I'm from a rather touristy part of England, so I thought souvenir type stuff (key chains, pencils, bookmarks, tea towels, photo books etc.) might go down well.
Also, walking around the supermarket, it occurred to me to take things like: the "original" Worcestershire Sauce; Anglo-Indian curry pastes; a Western style Christmas Cake or Christmas Pudding.Is it possible to buy these things in Japan? Obviously I don't want to haul something halfway across the globe only to discover that they could buy it in the local convenience store.
Any ideas on gifts for the children?
I think souvenirs as chains, pencils, bookmarks, tea towels and photo books will be welcome. But they should be original. Just Western-style things are found everywhere in Japan.
Although Worcestershire Sauce and curry pastes are very familiar to Japanese, English "original" sauce or Indian curry pastes aren't. So I think they're nice idea!
But you can find Western-style Christmas Cake or Christmas Pudding around this country.
Tea towels, photo books, English tea would be nice. I'm not really for touristy key chains and pencils, as people tend not to use them.
I always think of the Cadburry chocolates and Turkish Delight as being so very British and so very yummy. Those would be most welcome!!
Thanks very much for all the replies.
Good to hear that the souvenir-type things I had in mind should be well received.
It sounds like curry pastes and Worcestershire Sauce might be a good idea. I was thinking of just taking some British brands, such as Patak's and Lea & Perrins (yes, I know L&P is now owned by Heinz, but the sauce is still made in the UK). Would these be sufficiently "exotic"?
Wow, AK, you must be a real lightweight! I can hardly believe it's possible to get drunk on Christmas Pudding, how much did you eat!?
Perhaps I'll take some mince pies instead. Although they generally contain some alcohol, I find it tends to be less than in a Chrismtas Pudding. Are mince pies readily available in Japan and do you think they'd go down well? (Yes, I'm determined to take some calorie laden British Chrismtas cuisine!).
Turkish Delight is an interesting idea 3olives. It might make a good gift for the children. Apparently Fry's TD (which seems to be the one you're thinking of) is now produced in Poland, but it was invented in Britain. Can anyone tell me if this can be easily bought in Japan? What about other Cadbury products like: flake, crunchie, creme egg etc.?
Once again, thank you for the information.
Just so you know, the adults I gave the gold wrapped lollipops too were absolutely delighted. Three times in the course of my travels, women who I handed them to jumped up and down clapping like little children.
I think those Cadbury eggs would have the same effect on children and adults as well. The Japanese love pretty and cute things no matter their age.
Also, saying something like Eigirisu (England) ni kono chokoretto okashi wa yumey des. (In England these are famous chocolate candies.) Or, Kore wa yumena Eigirisu chokoretto okashi des.(These are famous English chocolate sweets).


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I appreciate winning the "Lottery of the universe." I could not have lost, and now I'd be some energy in the Perseus Arm in the Milky Way galaxy. But I won, and I am a human being on earth.
Not only that, I won the "Lottery of Earth." I could be a grasshopper. Or cactus. Or potted mint. Or a frog. Or Ikea wooden chest.
And I won the "Lottery of Politics." I could have been born in Iran or Africa and did not have parents, or food or water. So okay, I grew up in one of the toughest neighborhoods in Israel, at the age of three, gang members tried to stab me with a knife several times, and thugs kidnapped me.
There were drug addicts around me mostly using heroin. Some of my friends died at a very early age, my birthday was lousy, for a million reasons. When my birthdays began to get better all of a sudden my friends were not present to celebrate them with me.
Yet I am grateful that I won the "Lottery of being Stronger" fighting all the bad things that happen. Today more good things happen to me. If I had not won the "Lottery of the Hood," right now I would be dead, or I could be fucked up with no food, or using heroin, in some abandoned neighborhood near Bethlehem.
So make sure you got your high energies ready when you start producing. Some of you will need to eat something, drink something and to get some rest. Go outside to get some fresh air. Do whatever works for you. I haven't come to tell you how to live your life. I am just telling you what's working for me. Sometimes it's an extra coffee. Or a small meal. Or some song you'd like to get motivated with (on your break). Save the motivation boosts from your break and be prepared for war.
As I already said, you are your biggest enemy. If you win the war against your mind, then you already won "The Mind Lottery" because most people don't. You have to fight the distractions. If you win, you would likely win the war in the market. You will dominate. You could be #1 in your niche. And then go to the next corner. And you could be #1 in town. And #1 in your country. And #1 in the whole state.
As I don't have many subscribers at the moment, you have probably won the "Eitan Nahmias Lottery" already. Thanks so much for reading and giving me your attention. I believe you have read my article and right now you're probably happy, so cheer yourself up (and click that heart bellow if you loved my post and enjoyed).


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Concern Over Ocean Acidification Ramps Up Research Dollars
National Science Foundation announces more than $24 million dollars for 22 research projects
By Lisa Song
Most Agribusinesses and Banks Involved With 'Forest Risk' Commodities Are Falling Down on Deforestation, Global Canopy Reports
Warming Trends: Climate Threats to Bears, Bugs and Bees, Plus a Giant Kite and an ER Surge
Mounting concerns over ocean acidification—a consequence of CO2 emissions—has accelerated research funding aimed at understanding the process potentially endangering marine life in ocean waters all across the earth.
In early October, the National Science Foundation awarded over $24 million dollars to 22 projects through a new grant program targeted to study how ocean acidification affects marine environments. While the NSF has funded ocean acidification in the past, it is the first time the agency has created a special program aimed at the field of study.
As CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere increase, much of the gas is absorbed by the oceans, where it dissolves in the water. As a result, the oceans are getting more acidic over time. However, the long-term effects of the process are poorly understood.
"There are serious concerns about ocean acidification, and that's why this research is being conducted," Phillip Taylor, Head of the Ocean Section in NSF's Ocean Sciences Division, told SolveClimate News. "There are many who think this is going to have an impact on important animals in the sea that are instrumental in driving the productivity of ocean waters."
Ocean acidification threatens the growth of corals, clams and other organisms at the bottom of the food chain. These changes could trigger a domino effect throughout the oceanic ecosystem.
The funded projects investigate a variety of topics, such as modeling the rate of future acidification, studying how organisms behave in lowered pH and looking at earth history to understand how current trends may progress.
What the Science Says So Far
One recipient of the new grants was Bärbel Hönisch, a paleoceanographer and assistant professor at Columbia University. Hönisch is using boron isotopes to reconstruct how the oceans' pH has changed with time; she hopes that past trends will shed light on the changes to come.
"All of [this funding] is meant to get a better idea of what's going to happen in the ocean—what can be expected for the ecology and economy," she said.
The pH of the modern oceans is 8.1. Since the Industrial Revolution, the oceans' pH has dropped by 0.1 and is expected to drop another 0.2-0.3 by 2100, said Hönisch.
Those changes may not sound like a lot, but pH is measured on a logarithmic scale, so a 0.1 difference is equivalent to a 30% change in acidity or alkalinity. "When you change the pH of water, it has very clear and potentially immediate affects on the physiology of organisms," Taylor said.
One effect of ocean acidification is to decrease the availability of carbonate ions in the water, an important compound for organisms like corals, shellfish and foraminifera that use carbonate to build their calcium carbonate shells. These shells are part of the organisms' body structure; they provide shape, size and protection against predators.
"There are serious questions about what the food chain impacts will be," said Taylor. In particular, pteropods—a major food source for salmon—depend on calcium carbonate shells. The larvae of sea urchins, mussels and crabs could also be affected.
Study: Lower Survival Rates
A paper published Oct. 5 in the science journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences showed just how serious the consequences could be. The first examination of how ocean acidification of the past 200 years has affected marine shellfish, the study revealed that bivalve shellfish larvae survive to become juvenile shellfish about half as frequently in water with current CO2 levels as they do in water with preindustrial CO2 levels.
Christopher Gobler, an associate professor in the School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences at Stony Brook University, and his colleagues raised two species of bivalve shellfish larvae in different CO2 concentrations. One group was placed in water with 250 parts per million of dissolved CO2 to mimic preindustrial conditions, and another group was grown in concentrations of 390 ppm, or present-day levels. A third were placed in water with CO2 concentrations of 1500 parts per million—an extreme case.
Over the 40-day experiment, the organisms grew from shell-less embryos to juveniles with actual calcium carbonate shells. The ones that grew in lower CO2 concentrations ended up with larger, thicker shells. Shellfish survival rates under 250 ppm were nearly double that of 390 ppm. Very few shellfish survived in 1500 ppm waters.
The larval stage is particularly important because that's when the shellfish are most sensitive, said Gobler: "It looks like even small changes in the availability of carbonate has a big impact at [the larval] stage."
The next step is to see how the shellfish might adapt, said Gobler. When animals are faced with stress, they can move, adapt or die out. Since ocean acidification is a global phenomenon, changing habitat isn't an option. Shellfish will either adapt to higher CO2 levels or go extinct.
A Need for Speed
To survive, they'll have to adapt fast. Many modern shellfish evolved about 20 million years ago, four million years after the last time atmospheric CO2 levels were as high as they are today.
"There is a possibility [the shellfish] can adapt quickly," Gobler said. "We just don't know."
While there have been times in Earth's past when atmospheric CO2 reached current concentrations, those changes happened over thousands of years. Today's aquatic organisms have much less time to adjust.
"In many ways you can say climate change is happening all the time, and species are changing constantly," said Columbia's Hönisch. "It's just happening so quickly right now."
An executive order signed into action in July mirrors this increasing awareness of the need to monitor ocean health. The policy for the Stewardship of the Ocean, Coasts and Great Lakes aims to improve ocean management through integrated, ecosystem-based planning for conservation and multiple-use areas.
"[I think the new policy] is an indication that people in the science realm and policy makers and the public think this is a serious problem," said NSF's Taylor. "I think we'll see [ocean acidification] elevated in priority very soon."
New Film on Ocean Acidification Reveals Unseen Face of CO2 Pollution
Increasing Ocean Acidification Is Tipping Fragile Balances within Marine Ecosystems
Bad and Getting Worse: Surge in CO2 Emissions Damaging World's Oceans
Bad Acid Trip: How CO2 Could Kill the Oceans
By Bob Berwyn
By Jim Robbins, Yale Environment 360