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The sign says Fontana Union Chapel.
Recently after many years in parachurch organizations, I have taken a position as the pastor of Fontana Christian Fellowship, a small independent evangelical church, twenty minutes from where we live. As I visited the church my eyes were opened to new vistas of the church in America. Having spent the last 30 years of my Christian life in much bigger and newer churches, I saw a whole different side of church life. Perhaps this is the kind of church where more of American evangelicals live.
The church is in a tiny town along a major thoroughfare between two major towns. It's the kind where if you blink you will miss it. One traffic light may stop you as you drift by the local hardware store and the auto shop. It sits on a corner close to both streets with a parking lot in the back where everyone comes in. The building dates back to the late 1800s, but the sanctuary is newer circa the 60s with a tall narrowing ceiling. At 8 am the people of the church gather, all 25 of them in space that could seat 200-300 max. They tend to sit in the back half of the left side. Pastors in the past have brought a pulpit half way up the aisle to be a little nearer to them.
The congregation is mostly seniors with a few a little younger, but none below 45. As I am getting to know them I am seeing that a number are related as brothers or sisters, or parents and adult children, so there may be just five or six extended families at the center of the church. I asked one man how long he had been at the church and he said 59 years, then I asked how old he was and he said 59 years. So he literally has spent his whole life at the church. Most of the rest would not say their whole life but would say thirty, forty or more years. One man moved away for the air force and other jobs and came back to retire near his brother and sister. The roots go very deep in this church.
The gas station a few blocks from the church.
But that is only half the picture of the body of Christ in this location, because at 10:30 there is another service, but its not the same church organization but another meeting in the same sanctuary. Here there are not 25 but 35 people that are part of a denominational church. They are on average 10 years younger and even have some kids scattered among them. I haven't met as many of them but it seems they are a few families as well who have been in this location for quite a number of years, too. Some are connected to the 8 am church. I know of one son who switched from his parents to go to the later service. The story is told that at one point 5 different churches in the area met in this building back in its early years as they alternated weeks. None were big enough to afford their own building so they shared. As the years progressed the other churches moved on leaving these two there.
The 10:30 congregation is part of a denomination I had never heard of, the United Christian Church. It started in the late 1880s out of revivals that swept through the area. It now has 9 congregations in southern Lebanon and northern Lancaster counties. It used to be more plain (like old order Mennonites), but over the years only a few minor doctrinal differences are between them.
Interestingly enough there is another organization in the church building, the Sunday School, which is held at 9:15 and members of both congregations attend there, usually in two different adult classes after a hymn and announcements. The power is in this group, because they actually own the building. In fact the location on Google Maps denotes the united Sunday School not either congregation.
Wandering around the downstairs Sunday School area below the sanctuary, I sensed this place used to be bustling with activity. I can imagine the rooms brimming with kids, but now just a few are there. My wife and I only saw two children in one class during that Sunday School hour. Something happened a few years ago that many of the families with younger children left.
I have to credit the people of these congregations for their dedication and loyalty. Many extended families today are scattered among different congregations, some in different states or on different sides of the country, but these folks, their roots in the farming community, have stayed connected in the same body. They have stuck it out through the lean times, when it would have been easy to leave for the greener pastures of a more successful church. But they have stayed and done the everyday work of keeping the church going in the bustling times as well as the leaner days now.
But to be honest it is a little sad. As one member put it, "we probably only have five to ten years left as we are dying off and there are none coming after." It isn't easy to be excited about the Lord here. There are no new programs, no new people to rev things up.
What's going on here? If this is not an isolated incidence, what's happening to the church in America? And what can we do about it? It's a question I face as I pastor one of these two congregations.
I have some ideas, but I would like to hear yours. What do you think is happening to the church in America? Is it becoming irrelevant? And also what would you do if you were the pastor like I am? Take a minute or two and make some comments below. Thanks for the input.
Hi Craig. I just wanted you to know I enjoyed your article and I'll be thinking about your questions.
No, the church isn't becoming irrelevant but its members are too busy. Too busy to reach out and connect with out communities. Too busy to be the hands and feet of Jesus to those we interact with throughout our lives. Too busy to stop and ask the cashier who has tears in her eyes if she'd like us to pray for her. We don't take the time to buy the homeless man some food and ask how we could pray for and help him. We no longer take the time to know our neighbors and invite them to our church.
Fellowship meals are now in the past. Community life no longer has the church at its core. I the the community is worse off for it. What would happen if the church would reach out to the community more? Maybe have a brainstorming sessions about the needs of their communities and what the church can do to help fulfill that need.
I grew up in a small mountain church in VA and have a soft spot for small churches. I think small churches can be vibrant and life giving if their members are willing to think outside of the box, reach out to the community around them, and minister to the hurting people each individual member meets in their day to day lives.


ASI proud to sponsor NAID Shred School - Again!
ASI's ongoing support of NAID Shred School continues in 2018. As an Event Sponsor, the ASI team looks forward to attending and participating in upcoming Shred School events.


Fresh, zingy, smokey, crunchy, this recipe appeals on so many levels with its diverse range of flavours and textures. Using salmon is also a healthier alternative to the pork version I have previously made. The preparation of the salsa takes a bit of time but other than that it's relatively easy to prepare.
The key to the dish is the freshness of the guacamole and salsa while the Old El Paso fajita seasoning works exceptionally well in imparting a smoky flavour to the salmon. It's a handy recipe to prepare when entertaining as the guacamole and salsa can be made beforehand meaning all is needed is to grill the salmon at the time. Serve by placing all the components in the middle of the table and let people build their own.
Start by marinading the salmon with the Old El Paso Smokey BBQ seasoning. Simply sprinkle the seasoning on top of the salmon and the fish will start to absorb the flavour. Repeat once first coat is absorbed and set aside while you prepare the rest of the ingredients.
2. For the Guacamole smash 2 ripened avocados in a bowl. Do ensure they are ripe enough to mash otherwise the texture will be to corse. Next, finely chop 1 small red onion and 5 small cherry tomatoes and incorporate with the avocado. Finish by squeezing the juice of 2 limes along with the sea salt to the bowl and mix well. Place in the fridge until ready to serve.
3. In my opinion, the salsa makes this dish. Yes, you could use a shop bought variety but they pale into insignificance compared to homemade stuff. It does take a bit of extra work but the depth of flavour it produces is well worth the effort. If you decide to make shortcuts in any area of the preparation of this recipe don't let this be it! So, the idea is to char the ingredients on a BBQ or Grill before they are blended. This will do two things, remove the rawness from the vegetables and provide a slight sweetness but also the charring will impart a smokiness to the salsa that is hard to replicate. I simply cranked the BBQ up and when it reached maximum temp threw on the onions, tomatoes, garlic and limes. Char for around 5 minutes until slightly burnt.
4. Transfer to a blender along with a large bunch of Coriander, Olive Oil, Sea Salt, Cracked Black Pepper and pulse until semi smooth.
5. With the guacamole and salsa made all that is left to cook is the salmon. Set the grill to medium heat and once up to temperature place the salmon on some tinfoil and grill for around 10 minutes. Keep an eye on it though as it can quickly catch and burn past the point of no return.
6. The hard corn tacos just need 15 seconds in the microwave to heat through then its time to dig in. Start by filling the tacos with the guacamole, then chunks of the blackened salmon, a sprinkling of cheese and finish with the zingy salsa. I also went all Instagram and garnished with pomegranate seeds which provide a welcomimg burst of sweetness.


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72-year-old skydiver's dentures fly from mouth, hit instructor's head
PLANT CITY (FOX 13) - Polly Chester's smile couldn't get much bigger on October 22.
The 72-year-old grandmother decided it was time to mark skydiving off her bucket list. She traveled from Independence Virginia to Plant City for the jump.
"She was very excited, with just a hint of apprehension," said her son-in-law Butch David.
For months, Polly's daughter and her son-in-law helped her plan the trip. When the big day came she was ready.
"I wasn't nervous or afraid," she said.
When Polly jumped, she opened her mouth. A few seconds later, her top set of dentures flew out.
"When I shut my mouth, they were gone and I said some naughty words," she recalled. "I didn't feel them fall out. I just realized they were gone. The guy behind me says they hit me in my head. I'm glad I didn't knock him out."
Video was taken during the jump. It has been played over and over.
"Everybody had a lot of fun over it and so did I. It was just an expensive jump after I had to buy a new plate," she continued.
The video has provided laughs for family, friends, and strangers and now a TV and internet audience that's global.
"Somebody told me it would be a memorable and eventful time for me, and it was," she said.
Replacing her teeth cost more than the jump. But $975 later, Polly said there is no regrets.
"Live your life to the best," she added. "You don't have it but once and enjoy it, get a lot of laughs."
Death of Eagan man found in Highway 169 median 15 hours after crash still under investigation
Delta rolls out new pet travel carrier to 8 airports, including MSP

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Why buy-to-let is an excellent investment, but at what age?
From left Felix Muema-Branch Chair Chartered Institute of Procurement & Supply (CIPS) Kenya, Frank Matsaert-CEO TradeMarkEast Africa (TMEA).
From Left to Right: Dr. James Mataragio, Prof. Sospeter Muhongo, Engineer Irene Muloni and Adewale Fayemi signing jointly the Tanga to Kampala oil pipeline project.


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Drepanum o Drepana (successivamente ridenominata Elenopoli, in latino Helenopolis, da Costantino I in onore del nome della madre) era una città romana e poi bizantina situata in Bitinia.

Ubicazione
Situata sul golfo di Nicomedia (oggi di İzmit) sulla costa nord-occidentale dell'attuale Turchia asiatica, si pensa che sorgesse nelle vicinanze dell'attuale villaggio di Hersek (nel distretto di Altınova, provincia di Yalova) dell'omonimo promontorio.

Storia
A Drepanum nacque probabilmente la madre di Costantino, Elena, in quanto l'imperatore ribattezzò l'insediamento col nome di Elenopoli, elevandola al rango di città.

La città, stando a quanto dice Procopio, fino ai tempi di Giustiniano I, era spoglia di grossi monumenti e opere pubbliche. Giustiniano provvedette ai bisogni della città costruendo un acquedotto che garantisse ai cittadini di non soffrire la sete, restaurò e incrementò i bagni pubblici e costruì nuove chiese, palazzi ed edifici dei magistrati.

La città era situata vicino al fiume Dragone (oggi Yalakdere), chiamato così per il suo percorso tortuoso (Procopio afferma che bisognava passarlo per più di venti volte). Sempre Procopio riferisce che chi per viaggiare era costretto ad attraversare il fiume rischiava di morire annegato a causa dell'improvviso ingrossarsi delle acque di questi e anche che sovente il fiume, per le piogge, usciva fuori dagli argini allagando e distruggendo le campagne circostanti. Giustiniano rese più sicuro il passaggio del fiume costruendo due ponti e inoltre ne regolarizzò il corso tagliando le canne e il bosco, che rallentavano il deflusso in mare.

Nelle vicinanze, alla fine dell'XI secolo, Alessio I Comneno costruì un castello chiamato Kibatos o Civetot per i mercenari anglosassoni che avevano scelto di fuggire dall'Inghilterra dopo la conquista normanna e servire l'imperatore bizantino. Nel 2019, un'indagine accademica ha identificato i resti di Kibatos/Civetot a 3,5 metri sott'acqua nella laguna di Hersek. I resti del castello si estendono per circa 4.200 metri quadrati e sono stati identificati sulla base di somiglianze architettoniche con le descrizioni coeve. Oltre alla scoperta del castello, che si ritiene sia stato abbandonato a causa di terremoti in un momento indeterminato, tra le altre strutture, sono stati trovati resti di un molo e di un faro, che sono stati visitati da Evliya Çelebi e sono noti per essere stati utilizzati dal periodo bizantino fino alla declino dell'Impero Ottomano.

Storia ecclesiasitica
Elenopoli di Bitinia era una sede suffraganea della arcidiocesi di Nicomedia.

Michel Le Quien menziona nove dei suoi vescovi. Macrino, il primo, si dice che abbia partecipato al concilio di Nicea (325), ma il suo nome non è riportato nelle liste autentiche dei membri del concilio. Verso il 400, la chiesa di Elenopoli fu governata da Palladio di Galazia, amico e difensore di Giovanni Crisostomo, e autore della Historia Lausiaca. L'ultimo vescovo conosciuto assistette al Concilio di Costantinopoli (879-880). Elenopoli compare nelle Notitiae Episcopatuum fino ai secoli XII e XIII.

Elenopoli di Bitinia è inclusa nella lista delle sedi titolari della Chiesa cattolica.

Note

Città romane in Turchia
Città bizantine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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many of them aro quitting."
fourths of a mile of trestle work.
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at tho next regular meeting.
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are being cared for by the home.
main line between the two cities.
bers in tho United States.
present to partako of tho bounties.
it up und moving part of his stock.
rfftejitutlvo UKwi'ikt H. V, I'lmw.


text:
Optoma readies docking station projector for launch
Categories: Pico Projectors, Optoma, Business Projectors, Product Release, Retail
Optoma has launched a new projector that is built into an iPod/iPhone docking station, allowing the sharing of pictures and presentations stored on the devices.
The Neo-i table-top docking station features a built-in projector that offers capabilities and viewing qualities that are a significant step up from the average pico projector.
The release of the device to the general public has been delayed from an initial launch date of mid-December 2010 to an as-yet undetermined date - but developer at Optoma claim that it will be worth the wait.
The projector offers 50 ANSI lumens of brightness, using DLP technology, providing WVGA (854x480 pixels) resolution in 16:9 format. Its bulb life is rated as up to as much as 20,000 hours. The station also incorporates a 'full-bodied' 16-watt stereo system that offers better sound quality than conventional pico projectors and allows for high quality sound when just listening music.
When connected to an iPod or iPhone, the Neo-i can be controlled from the iPod itself, via a remote control or on the station's own backlit control panel.
The projector has HDMI (1.3) and VGA ports that allow for connection to computers, Blu-ray players, and other digital media boxes such as Apple TV or the Roku Player.


Today, he made us happy again.
Today, he told us that I am 5 years cancer clear.
I am now classified as being in REMISSION!
Because of that, there will be no more CT scans and no more oncology clinics.
I will still need yearly bloods, to monitor secondary cancers which could potentially be developing. The chemotherapy treatments increase my risk of developing blood cancers.
Today was a day filled with love.
How awesome is my Ron?! He has been raising money for me, to help pay for therapy. And today, he dyed his hair in rainbow colours.
I was lucky and was allowed to have the day off school to watch!
I was very excited and chatted all the way to the salon.
Ron's daughter, Olivia, was Ron's colourist. My noisy sisters played with Olivia's sister, Elizabeth! Ron's wife was there, too. It was fun being with his family!
The ladies working in the salon, Belinda's Hair Creations, were amazing! We filled the salon and made everything more crowded and more noisy than usual, but they were so lovely and made sure we felt welcome.
Whenever I was sitting with Ron, we were touching. We knew this was a special day. Whenever Ron held me, I smiled. I was so happy.
The first time I sat with Ron, I was trying to splash and swim... I was so excited that I forgot we were in the salon!
Thank you for believing in me Ron! You're awesome!
Next, we watched as the colours got added. This was fun!
I love Ron's rainbow hair!
Thank you to Belinda and the team at Belinda's Hair Creations.
Thank you to all of Ron's family, for sharing him with me.
Thank you to the team at Shellharbour Swim Academy.
Look at Olivia's purple fingers!
Today, Dexter's swimming teacher is colouring his hair.
It's fun! We can't wait to see the colours!
Ron wanted to do this, to help Dexter, financially. Cerebral palsy is pretty expensive. Therapies are expensive. Equipment is expensive (especially when your cerebral palsy is severe and you need additional support pieces).
So, Ron is helping Dexter.
He wanted to raise $2000.
Dexter is not receiving any NDIS funding. More on that later.
Today, there's only $908 on his fundriasing page. We have another $100, which was handed to us, privately. That's $1080. It's only half way.
We're so grateful to Ron and so proud of the real mateship Ron and Dexter have.
Having a male therapist is very important, for Dexter.
He loves being in the water and their half hour of swimming is filled with noisy chats, splashing and kicking. The water supports Dexter and helps his stricken body feel a little freer. He kicking develops muscles and putting his head under water has taught him how to close his mouth while water is on his face. This is a life-saving skill. Sometimes, Dexter can aspirate. This is when he swallows liquids or food into his lungs. With Dexter, this leads to pneumonia and hospitalisation. Teaching him to close his mouth makes showering and swimming with him much safer.
We'll share some photos of the hair colouring tonight.
Big thank you to Shellharbour Swim Academy and all the wonderful staff.
Big thank you to Belinda's Hair Creations in Belambi, for taking the time to colour Ron's hair. They also donated a raffle prize. Thank you.
And, thank you to Ron.
The Noisy Aunt wants to write a story, all about me.
She has spent some time on my book, this week.
She's been doing some editing.
She's got high expectations on herself, because she wants readers to enjoy it and to really understand me and my life.
There will be bits to make people cry, for all the hard days.
There will be bits to make people smile, for all the great days.
I'm going to keep her to her promise and make sure she finishes it!
*It's still in the very, very early stage.
**Ron's fundraiser (his hair colouring) is this week! Dexter will not be receiving NDIS support until 2018. If you'd like to support Dexter, click here.
Hopefully we will get it by the end of the year!
*That means that Dexter will not receive any funding for therapies. He will have no support to purchase any equipment. It's almost as though he has been forgotten about, because he is in the Under 7s group.
So much for early intervention!
Because his family value his walking, sitting, standing and rolling, they will continue to privately fund Dexter's physiotherapy sessions. They will ensure they provide him with as much home therapy as possible.
They will continue to work on home speech therapy and home occupational therapy.
Hopefully, the NDIS will come through for us before the end of the year!
But, for today... Dexter was a skeleton!
**Support a Rainbow Hair Fundraiser for Dexter here.
This Wednesday, Ron is colouring his hair.
He's doing it for me. He's a great man. Ron's my only male therapist and we have lots of boy chats and do boy stuff. I need that.
Ron follows my facebook page, so he knows what we can talk about, while we swim. Being non-verbal, he can't understand the things I want to tell him. I love telling people everything, but they have trouble knowing what I am talking about.
This fundraiser was all his idea.
He wanted to raise $2,000. For me. For therapy. For swimming.
He wanted to do something kind, to show how much he cares.
*Dexter's NDIS plan isn't ready, yet.
He's not receiving any funding, at the moment. We have to wait for his plan to be finalised and the funding to start. Most people we know have already had their meetings and received their funding packages.
At the moment, his parents are self-funding his physiotherapy, because physio is just so important. Dexter needs regular physio, so he maintains his muscles strength and his cerebral palsy doesn't have enough time to allow his muscles to forget what they have learned.
Since the funding stopped, at the start of July (because the NDIS "started"), his parents have spent over $1,000 on physiotherapy.
Today, Ron has raised $1,000 on his You Caring fundraising page.
Here's our "Meet Dexter" story. This is the child-friendly, simplified version.
The longer, more detailed version is on Dexter's you tube channel.
I took them back to a place where we have spent too much time together; back to Sydney Children's Hospital.
I'm ok, but it was a big day!
Over the last six years, I have had around 30 general anaesthetics at this hospital and around 20 CT scans, to check my cancer.
Today was a big day, because hopefully, today was my last CT scan for my cancer!
We will find out more next week.
I wanted to use my walker, to get back to the beach, by the end of the year.
Well, today was an awesome walking day!
I walked 22 cement sections, across four driveways and, I crossed the road!
That's the furthest I have walked in a very long time!
It took me about an hour and a half, but I did not want to stop and I was so proud of myself! I was hurting, but it was awesome.
But... for today, we celebrate!
This new medication is supposed to help relax my muscles. If it works, it will help my leg muscles relax... If my leg muscles are less tight, they might stop pulling my hip out of place.
This medication makes Mum and Dad sad, because they have been told it will effect all my muscle tone. That means, I will most likely have less strength in all my other muscles, including my stomach (so my sitting) and my swallowing (so my eating and drinking).
So tonight, when Mum gave the medicine to me, she told me she was sorry and that it was breaking her heart a little. She knows how hard I have been working, to get this strong. She knows how many hours of therapy go into developing my strength.
Fingers crossed that this medicine stops my legs from crossing over.
Fingers crossed it doesn't impact too much on my other muscles.
So... you know that I'm classified as 'non-verbal', right?
I don't have the words to express things... I can't say what I am thinking.
But, I do have the sounds!
And, sometimes, I can be VERY vocal and VERY loud.
I even got in a little bit of trouble because I was so loud! My teachers tried to work out what I was saying. They knew I was excited about something, but they couldn't work our what it was.
I get frustrated when people don't understand me, so I say things again and again... Louder and louder.
I got so loud, the teachers even had to take me out of the assembly hall. Twice!
Today is one of those days that Mum and Dad get a little sad. My brain damage and cerebral palsy stop me from having the freedom to use my words.
But today, they are also proud. They are proud of my teachers; for going mad at me and they are proud of me; for getting in trouble for talking, just like all the other kids!


text:
Aisha Kourouma's Advanced Biochemistry Blog
Welcome to my Capstone Project Site
Alzheimer's Disease Types and Causes
Disease Mechanism: A Biochemical View of How Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes are Linked
Proposed Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease Linked to Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance and lack of active insulin. Aβ oligomers have been associated with disrupted insulin signaling in the brain (Duarte et al., 2012). Impairment of the insulin signaling pathway has been linked to cognitive defects in Alzheimer's patients (de la Monte, 2009). Aβ oligomers bind to the membrane surface, which removes the insulin receptors (IRs) at the synapses. This removal leads to stimulation of pro-apoptotic pathways activated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. This activation phosphorylates insulin substrate-1 (IRS1) at Serine residue 636 (pIRS1-Ser636), which makes IRS1 inactive and suppresses insulin.
To counter this, the insulin signaling pathway down regulates oligomeric binding sites. Normal insulin function results in the binding of insulin to its receptor, which activates IRS1 by phosphorylating at Tyrosine residue 465 (pIRS1-Tyr465)(Kaminari et al.). This phosphorylation activates cell survival Akt/PKB kinase (Akt), which promotes insulin's neurotrophic effects. In this state, Akt phosphorylates/ inactivates Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK-3β), which is an enzyme associated with the hyper-phosphorylation of the Tau protein.
Figure 1. Kaminari et al. proposed mechanism for MMP-9's neuroprotective function in inhibiting amyloid β mediated impairment of the insulin survival pathway (Kaminari et al.).
Insulin receptors located in the hippocampus are said to be responsible for insulin-induced enhancement of cognitive function in healthy humans (Biessels, G. & Reagan, L., 2015). This receptor is a heterotetrameric protein made up of two extracellular α‑subunits which are attributed to the insulin-binding domain, and two transmembrane β‑subunits (Biessels, G. & Reagan, L., 2015).
Figure 2. Insulin receptor signaling in the hippocampus of a healthy human (Biessels, G. & Reagan, L., 2015).
Healthy insulin receptor signaling starts with insulin crossing the highly selective blood-brain barrier (BBB), and binding to insulin receptors throughout the central nervous system (CNS), including the hippocampus. This activation modulates the phosphorylation state of IRS-1and autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor β-subunits follows. The phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)–Akt pathway and the MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK)–extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway are stimulated, which contributes to insulin's neurotrophic effects (Biessels, G. & Reagan, L., 2015).
In a study released in 2016, Luo et al. found that insulin affected the solubility and toxicity of amyloid-β and its aggregates. Aggregated insulin did not have a strong effect on amyloid-β aggregation. However, monomeric insulin immediately induced conformational transitions in monomeric amyloid-β. Their results showed that interactions between insulin and amyloid-β increased solubility of monomeric amyloid-β (Luo et al., 2016). Their findings also suggest that reduced insulin receptor binding might be caused by formation of amyloid-β/insulin complexes that do not match the receptor binding site. Their observation lead them to suggest that Alzheimer's disease may also contribute to the type 2 diabetes progression. Similar findings were recorded in 2014 by Liu et al. in their paper "Amyloid Beta-Derived Diffusible Ligands (ADDLs) Induce Abnormal Expression of Insulin Receptors in Rat Hippocampal Neurons" in which ADDLs induced conformational changes in insulin receptors, which made them unable to bind to insulin.
This leads us to now wonder about the possible treatments for Alzheimer's disease patients who suffer from type 2 diabetes. A discussion on treatment options can be found on the page "Proposed Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease Linked to Type 2 Diabetes".
4 Replies to "Disease Mechanism: A Biochemical View of How Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes are Linked"
Matt J. says:
Hi Aisha, a great and exhaustive summary of this really interesting disease interaction and well done website. You mentioned in your summary that "Their results showed that interactions between insulin and amyloid-β increased solubility of monomeric amyloid-β (Luo et al., 2016)." If I'm understanding correctly, this would indicate that insulin does not make the β-amyloid aggregates already present more soluble? If that's the correct interpretation, then, perhaps, do you think intranasal insulin would be an effective prophylactic treatment? Or, at the very least, a treatment that could slow the progression of the disease? I didn't know that neurons transported larger molecules like insulin, so that's super interesting.
Thank you very much for your critique.
Your interpretation is correct. Most of the literature I came across specified that insulin had increased the solubility of monomeric amyloid-β. Intranasal delivery of insulin has been shown to slow the progression of the disease, and in some cases recover some lost cognitive abilities. The insulin molecules are able to travel adjacent to the nerves for widespread distribution throughout the CNS.
Christopher Alvaro says:
Hi Aisha, really interesting literature review. One thing I was wondering about is that you say that AB oligomers bind to the membrane which removes IR from the synapse. Do you know how this occurs mechanistically? Do the AB oligomers bind to a receptor (or ever IR) itself an induce a downstream signaling pathway that leads to the internalization of the IR receptor? Or is the effect due to signal that affects transcription and translation of the IR receptor? Or something else entirely! Thanks!
Melanie Goetz says:
Hi Aisha. You mentioned that insulin affected the solubility and toxicity of amyloid-β and its aggregates, but only in the monomeric form, not the aggregated form. I am wondering what causes insulin to aggregate and whether this is specific to type II diabetes or if any individual may develop insulin aggregates. It's interesting that Luo et al. suggested that Alzheimer's disease may also contribute to the type II diabetes progression, since in class, we talked about how type II diabetes may lead to Alzheimer's, but we did not talk about the reverse relationship. Great theme page!
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PREVNAR 13® (Pneumococcal 13-valent Conjugate Vaccine [Diphtheria CRM197 Protein])
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Pneumococcal pneumonia can
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In severe cases, pneumococcal pneumonia can put you in the hospital.
Pneumococcal pneumonia is not a cold or the flu. It's a potentially serious lung disease that is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a common bacteria that can be spread from person to person through a cough or close contact. These bacteria can cause part of the lung to become inflamed and fill up with mucus, making it harder to breathe.
Pneumococcal pneumonia can catch you off guard.
Many people think of pneumonia as an illness that only the elderly or sick people get in the
hospital. That's not always true. Pneumococcal pneumonia is a bacterial lung disease you
can catch anywhere, anytime.
Pneumococcal pneumonia symptoms may hit quickly, without warning, and can be severe.
For some people, certain symptoms like cough and fatigue can last for weeks or
longer—even after treatment with antibiotics.
Symptoms can be severe and may include:
Chest pain with
A high fever,
shaking chills
A cough with phlegm
that may persist
or get worse
Your risk may surprise you.
Adults 65 or older are over 10X more likely to end up in the hospital with pneumococcal pneumonia than adults younger than 50.
It's a fact. Even if you're healthy, as you get older, your immune system can't respond as effectively to infection. That's because over time, your immune system weakens. It can be more difficult for your body to defend you against pneumococcal disease.
Other factors, like lifestyle and certain chronic health conditions like COPD, asthma, heart disease, and diabetes, could increase the risk for catching pneumococcal pneumonia even more.
Hear from someone who had the disease.
"It wasn't until I had been in the hospital a number of days that I realized how serious pneumococcal pneumonia could be."
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Information about the side effects of the PREVNAR 13® vaccine.
Because PREVNAR 13® is given by injection, some of the most common side effects reported in clinical trials were injection-site reactions: redness, swelling, pain at the injection site, and limitation of arm movement.
Other side effects include:
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Prevnar 13® should not be given to anyone with a history of severe allergic reaction to any component of Prevnar 13® or any diphtheria toxoid–containing vaccine
Adults with weakened immune systems (eg, HIV infection, leukemia) may have a reduced immune response
In adults, the most common side effects were pain, redness, and swelling at the injection site, limitation of arm movement, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, decreased appetite, vomiting, fever, chills, and rash
Ask your healthcare provider about the risks and benefits of Prevnar 13®. Only a healthcare provider can decide if Prevnar 13® is right for you
INDICATIONS FOR PREVNAR 13®
Prevnar 13® is a vaccine approved for adults 18 years of age and older for the prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia and invasive disease caused by 13 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains (1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A,
19F, and 23F)
Prevnar 13® is not 100% effective and will only help protect against the 13 strains included in the vaccine
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Prevnar 13® is a vaccine approved for adults 18 years of age and older for the prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia and invasive disease caused by 13 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains (1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, and 23F)
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about pneumococcal pneumonia and the PREVNAR 13® vaccine.
What is pneumococcal pneumonia?
Pneumococcal pneumonia is a potentially serious disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a common bacteria. Many people dismiss pneumonia as an illness that only the elderly or sick people get in the hospital. That's not always true. Pneumococcal pneumonia can strike anywhere, anytime. Even if you're as young as 65 and take good care of yourself, you still may be at increased risk.
How serious is it?
Pneumococcal pneumonia is not a cold or the flu. It is a bacterial lung disease, while the flu and cold are caused by viruses. Symptoms can come on quickly and can include cough, fatigue, high fever, shaking chills, and chest pain with difficulty breathing.
Who's at increased risk for pneumococcal pneumonia?
Even active, healthy adults 65 and older are at increased risk for pneumococcal pneumonia.
Is there anything I can do to prevent it?
If you're 65 or older, vaccination is an important way to help protect against pneumococcal pneumonia. Even if you have already been vaccinated with a different pneumococcal vaccine, PREVNAR 13® may help provide additional protection. Immune response may be lower if given within one year after another vaccine for pneumococcal pneumonia. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if it makes sense for you.
What is PREVNAR 13®?
PREVNAR 13® is a vaccine approved for adults for the prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia and invasive disease caused by the 13 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains included in the vaccine.
Are there side effects?
Because PREVNAR 13® is given by injection, some of the most common side effects reported in clinical trials were injection site reactions such as redness, swelling, pain at the injection site, and limitation of arm movement. Some people reported systemic side effects, including fatigue, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, decreased appetite, vomiting, fever, chills, and rash. PREVNAR 13® should not be given to anyone with a severe allergic reaction to any component of PREVNAR 13® or any diphtheria toxoid–containing vaccine. Please see additional Important Safety Information.
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PREVNAR 13® is approved for use in adults. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist to see if PREVNAR 13® is right for you.
The CDC recommends PREVNAR 13® for which adults?
Adults 19 or older with a weakened immune system
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PREVNAR 13® should not be given to anyone with a history of severe allergic reaction to any component of PREVNAR 13® or any diphtheria toxoid–containing vaccine.
How much could I expect to pay for PREVNAR 13®?
Pricing information can be found at Prevnar13Pricing.com
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Prices are in £ sterling. All dimensions are approximate - please contact me for exact details before purchase.
All prices stated are for unframed prints. Prints will be packed in strong mailing tubes and posted by special delivery (or airmail, if overseas) post within two weeks of banked, cleared, receipt of payment. Total price INCLUDES post and packing of unframed orders (in UK only - other countries, please contact me).
For buyers who can collect, I can arrange professional framing at a reasonable cost. For example in the digital print series, this would add around £30.00 for a 'floating' mount, 5 mm white slip and oak or stained black ash frame (click here to view).


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Being a true leader demands the ability to make truly tough decisions. Often the right decision is not the popular one.
Yankees GM Brian Cashman has taken a lot of heat in the local papers for electing to go with young players this season. At least until the season started, Omar Minaya received a lot of praise for making the deal for Johan Santana.
It's turned around a bit now. The Mets can't seem to sustain a run that lasts longer than a few games. The best bet right now is that neither team is more likely than not to make the playoffs this season, but it's hard to find anyone with an unbiased opinion who doesn't believe the Yankees farm system puts them in much more solid position to compete for titles going forward after 2008.
While the Mets have some prospects, it's hard to see how Omar Minaya has improved things down on the farm. Their talent evaluation is still being questioned, he's traded away most of the young prospects who have a chance to contribute significantly at the major league level, and a slavish adherence to the commissioner's slotting guidelines -- admittedly not Minaya's decision -- has worked against efforts to restock.
While spending money to sign older free agents and trading away talent, Minaya has always insisted that the long-term goal was a productive farm system. Given the current MLB economy that allows small market teams to hold onto their best young players longer, and the success of teams like the Red Sox and Diamondbacks, this really seems to be the only way for any club -- no matter how much revenue is available -- to compete going forward.
For the most part I have been a supporter of Omar Minaya in this space. However, I think it's time to put or shut up. Minaya needs to prove that he can build the player pipeline that will allow the Mets to be a successful franchise for more than a year or two at a time.
This means the ability to make tough evaluations of whether people that you personally like are the best man or woman for the job they are doing. It means making the choice to avoid the splashy deal that everyone is calling for because you recognize it's not in the best interest of the team. It means sometimes taking a gamble on young talent rather than always going with the proven veteran.
The Mets seem, yet again, to be sliding down a familiar path where they try to sustain moderate success by ignoring the future. As has happened in the past, these moves seem more fueled by desperation than wisdom.
When Minaya was hired after the 2004 season the Mets were in a familiar place as laughingstocks of baseball. He gets a lot of credit from this writer for turning it around. However, it's time for Omar to prove that he is more than the right guy for 2005. Steve Phillips did some good things for a while, too, but ultimately was the wrong guy for the long-term. Minaya is starting to remind me of Phillips in his last years.
Whatever can be said about the Wilpons, there is little doubt that they sincerely want to win. Sadly, though, they don't seem to learn from the mistakes of the past.
Omar's style as a GM seems rooted in the 1990s when quality free agents were plentiful, as were teams looking to dump salaries. I have serious doubts as the whether he can be the architect of the sort of productive scouting and development system demanded by the current reality.
Someone has to be an adult here. Minaya is a nice guy and a real hometown success story, but if he isn't the right GM to win with going forward he should be shown the door. I personally hope that he can deliver on his promises to build a top system, even as every day I believe him a little less.
I agree, you have stated this before and the Mets truly need to invest in their minor league system. They need to begin with putting together a good scouting program. Follow that up with a player development plan, hiring the right the right personel to teach fundamental baseball. I would say add a strength & conditioning program, and an outreach program for young & foreign players advising them on Major League life and living in the U.S.. I think this would provide an outstanding foundation to building a consistent line of MLB ready players, not just prospects that could help the "Big" club and keep the club contending year after year.
Is it not amazing how many GM's have some but not all of the necessary strengths to bring home a winner? I'm thinking of Terry Ryan, whose ability to develop players could cause me to drool with envy if I was the drooling type. But Ryan, for all that ability hasn't seemed to recognize the importance of a batter getting on base; too, the Twins have usually had a chronic shortage of power sources. Of course the Twinks got fleeced by the Devil Rays last winter in that big deal. And yet I think of Ryan as a near-great General Manager, keeping his team in the running despite those suffocating, ever-present spending constraints.
It's a tough job, entailing many disparate talents if it is to be done well. Most of us don't have such a collection of talents.
L.J. - I guess I hit this theme so hard because I really believe in it, and I really think I'm starting to see the Mets head in the wrong direction.
dd - True. I'd take a real player development right now, though, and live with his shortcomings.


amateurs and professionals to cure your injury.
Doctor Aleix Vidal 's medical team specializes in injuries of a different nature.
The shoulder muscles, especially the deltoid and rotator muscles, provide strength and movement to the joint. The shoulder is the anatomical region that connects the trunk with the arm and is formed by three bones that are the scapula or scapula, the clavicle and the humerus.
Traumatic shoulder injuries can be three types depending on the energy of the traumatic agent. Injuries are injuries caused by a low energy trauma in which there is a superficial involvement of the skin and / or muscle. The fractures are the injuries produced by a trauma of greater energy that causes the breakage of the bone. Finally, the dislocations are the injuries produced by a mechanism of very high energy that results in the separation between two bones that formed a joint.
In the practice of certain sports, mainly golf, tennis and sailing, tendon overload injuries such as tendinitis, epicondylitis, sprains, nerve entrapments (carpal tunnel) and cartilage lesions can occur. In the practice of impact sports, mainly skiing and snowboarding, fractures and dislocations can occur after falls.
In the practice of certain sports, mainly soccer, tennis and rugby, injuries can be produced being more frequent the sprains, the injuries of the labrum and injuries of cartilage.
Cervical pain. The cervical spine, which provides mobility to the patient, is located at the top of the spine. The pain can sometimes be accompanied by tingling in the fingers or by dizziness, among other symptoms.
Lumbar pain is one that occurs in the lower back, and is often identified as low back pain.
Scoliosis. It occurs when there is a deviation of the spine.
Vertebral fracture (with or without compression). The fracture of one of the bones of the vertebral column can be caused by a traumatism or accident, although a good number of cases is related to osteoporosis.
In certain impact sports (skiing, soccer, basketball), knee-level fractures can occur. The fundamental symptom is pain associated swelling.
The most frequent fractures are those affecting the tibial plateau, tibial spines and osteochondral fractures.
Back to Sport (B2S) is a personalized injury recovery program for post-operated patients, similar to those athletes follow. Under medical supervision and personal trainers, B2S adapts to the individual capacity of each patient, seeking maximum results. It is performed in a gymnasium, a healthy and active environment, which boosts recovery. Patients first undergo a medical checkup that determines the exercise plan with its frequency, duration, and intensity. The program helps resuming to habitual sports practice after recovering from an injury, as well as eliminates discomforts related to the practice of a sport (contractures and tendinitis,).
Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive type of advanced surgery that can solve a given joint problem with the efficacy of conventional surgery but with less risk, quicker recovery time and a more favorable cosmetic result.
Traumatology is the practice of diagnosing and treating diseases of the Locomotor Apparatus produced by a traumatic agent.
In the strict sense, the concept of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is constantly evolving. Less Invasive Surgery (LIS) has been used in Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology in knee arthroscopies for more than 40 years, with knee.
Growth Factors are proteins that are found in our blood and play an important role in the intercellular communication in repairing lesions.
Lower back pain is very common in athletes and requires early and constant treatment so it won't cause absenses in training and competition.
How can we detect if we have suffered from a sprain or ligament rupture? Dr. Ignacio Muro gives us the keys to discover it.
After surgical program that gets you back to sports activity in the shortest time possible.


US data in Iranian hands after downed drone?
The 10-week investigation into the downing of a CIA drone in Iran is raising questions as to whether the malfunctions inadvertently may have handed the Iranians not only the aircraft but its data.
Based on the review, a former intelligence official told Fox News that investigators think one of the drone's three major "data streams" began sending back bad information to its U.S.-based operator.
A leading question is whether the bad data caused the drone's operator to inadvertently land the aircraft.
But it also raises the possibility that the faulty data stream could have prevented the drone from dumping the intelligence it had collected. When a drone malfunctions, it is programmed to dump data so it does not fall into the wrong hands.
A former intelligence official confirmed to Fox News that the CIA's comprehensive review has been unable to replicate the specific malfunction that brought down the drone in Iran. Contact was lost with the drone and its operators on Nov. 29.
A congressional official, also familiar with the CIA review, said: "We have looked at this eight ways to Sunday. I can tell you it was a U.S. technical problem. The information (data) was not lining up and it was not the result of Iranian interference or jamming."
While efforts to reproduce or replicate the malfunction have failed, investigators are now focusing on how to prevent a repeat in the future -- but without the hardware or the drone itself, those efforts have been challenging.
While the former intelligence official said the Iranians do not have the ability to integrate the multiple data streams on the drone platform, the loss of the CIA drone could allow Tehran to gather information about materials and hardware. The intelligence data is thought to be encrypted and not easily accessed, the official said.
A CIA spokesman declined to comment for this story.
Fox News chief intelligence correspondent Catherine Herridge's bestselling book "The Next Wave: On the Hunt for al Qaeda's American Recruits" was published last year by Crown.


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Scientific research and Technological innovation
Area targets:
Support for the scientific sectors and institutions of excellence, also in collaboration with the University of Florence, the National Research Council (CNR), the National Institutes and the inter-university research consortia;
Investment in state-of-the-art scientific equipment that allows the structures that already exist in the local area to make a quality leap in the research being carried out and hence to place themselves more competitively on the European scene;
Support for research in the biomedical sphere in the light of the recent progress made in biology and genetics;
Support for applied and translational research and for the process of transfer of scientific and technical know-how to the economic and production system;
Support for the study and formulation of processes capable of promoting local economic development, especially for the production sectors in which technology represents an opportunity for growth;
Support for the development and use of new technologies finalised at progress in all spheres of scientific knowledge, also for the conservation and cataloguing of the historic, artistic and cultural heritage;
Support for the careers of researchers in all scientific areas, both through the funding of research fellowships and scholarships and through the promotion of training initiatives in collaboration with the University of Florence and the Florentine research centres;
Support for the research centres that offer services to companies employing tools that are not only economic and financial but also in the nature of strategic support aimed at implementing activities for marketing the services to a wider number of enterprises;
To sustain the promotion of networks of public and private bodies engaged in research, in such a way as to create synergies, increase the capacity to build national and international collaborations and facilitate the process of technology transfer;
To study ways of supporting and collaborating with the offices of the University of Florence in order to improve the performance of the university in its participation in European calls for tender and in order to spread the culture of access to the direct and structural funds of the EU;
Support for the launch of start-ups and innovative enterprises, also via participation in specialised investment funds.


Public services includes both reference and instruction services, but why don't the two work together? Train together? Reference is the public service the profession has tried to abandon. Integrating reference into instruction and training staff members side by side allows for ideas and solutions to be shared across professional boundaries. Reference staff can then use and mirror language the students hear in classrooms, steer students towards sources appropriate to the assignment, and open communication from reference staff to instruction librarians on the types of questions they are seeing at the reference desk. Reference interactions can spur conversations with faculty for instruction and open up collaboration possibilities beyond the classroom.
Reference is often done in isolation, both as a service and as a staff. Staffing the desk is a solo task and most of the conversations that happen with other members of a reference team only happen in passing or are about little more than swapping shifts. Taking a systematic approach to reference takes the burden off of the individual and creates a collaborative and intentional service.
Reference services are vital to a library. Unlike other essential services, reference often lacks structure, support, or training beyond the very basics. Simple steps can be taken to rectify this. In this presentation, we will discuss some of the strategies we implemented like training IL staff and reference staff together, creating internal collaborative resources, scheduling regular reference team meetings, and coordinating reference staffing with instruction schedules allowing staff to have formal and informal conversations about reference.


Another week, another series of cyber crime activities in the cyberverse. Some weeks we look at the international impact of cyber security. Other weeks we consider points closer to home. This week the cyber events on which we will be reporting hit some of the topics closest to home: schools, groceries…and blogs…is nothing sacred!?
Indeed, from the way that we live day-to-day lives and store or access the tools that connect us all, to the broadcasting of thoughts and data across that cyberverse, we've never been so connected as a human race–nor so vulnerable.
Here are three of this week's top cyber stories, including some lessons learned for next week (and beyond).
Upscale supermarket chain Whole Foods (AKA "Whole Paycheck," for their higher-than-other-chains-particularly-Trader-Joe's pricing) has seen lots of recent payment activity. The Austin, Texas-based supermarket has 449 stores in the US (the 9th-largest by volume), but was recently purchased for $13.7 billion by the online retail giant Amazon Fresh. Just a couple of years ago we speculated that Amazon planned to venture into the $800 billion supermarket industry, to compete from that angle with such retailers as Walmart and Costco. Well, now it has.
The announcement goes on to say that Whole Foods hired a "leading cyber security forensics firm" (no word on which one yet, or we'd gladly report it). They also assured customers that the Whole Foods POS system does not in any way connect to the Amazon.com system, so no Amazon transactions were affected by the cyber security breach. The site also has a drop-down menu option for you to search your state and city to see which venues may have been breached.
A little over a year ago we learned that Whole Foods was replacing all of their legacy systems. The prior system had apparently been "homegrown," and the newer one was to be a combination of systems for a smoother and more integrated solution. Everything from payroll to checkout was getting streamlined (and largely cloud-based).
So if they moved to a streamlined solution, why the announcement including a "different point of sale system"? While Whole Foods and the vendor could not be immediately reached for comment, it may also have been a breach of Square, the iPad-based POS system Whole Foods once stated would become part of their overall POS solution.
A cloud-level breach or a breach of a $2 million provider like Square, would both be further bad news for retailers. Some good news would be if the limitations of the data breach (not spreading to other POS systems under the same roof), actually represented a compartmentalization of their systems–something retail cyber security advisors have advocated for years!
For now, Whole Foods is saying updates will come, and to check your card statements for fraudulent purchases, the same lackluster-but-necessary advice offered after every cyber crime.
Every business is in the cyber security business, whether intentionally or not. Just as businesses of any size manage payroll, renew elevator permits, or accept inspection from the fire marshall, using computers, for anything, means that cyber security is part of your business. To the degree that that is understood and addressed, you have better protective measures in place.
Digital connections – As many as several thousand devices connected to or around schools, when factoring in student personal devices.
Employee information – Like other businesses, schools retain massive quantities of employee data that can fetch a price on the cyber black market.
Financial information – Just as other businesses offer direct deposit or pay vendors through electronic means, schools risk exposure or theft of financial information through digital means. (Just look at this horrific example unfolding from Atlanta Public Schools, where paychecks were stolen and direct deposits changed).
Student information – Schools are in the same category as doctors' offices when it comes to personal data on file because they also have such information on record as names, addresses, social security numbers, school-related medical information or doctor's data, parent information and even report cards or disciplinary data all on file.
Yet school systems don't necessarily think about preventing cyber crime until they're the victims. The latest victim is in Montana, where the Flathead Valley Schools (more than 30 public schools) closed their doors for two days (plus weekend activities) in response to threats stemming from a hack, which may have had international origins. According to their local news, the FBI has gotten involved in the attack. The culprits appear to be TheDarkOverlord, a self-proclaimed security "solutions" company. Many of the clues about the case come from their ransom letter itself, such as the inconsistencies in grammar, spelling ("honour" for honor), and reference to "your little corner of the world" that seem to indicate a foreigner.
The threats of the ransom note also included multiple references to the Sandy Hook school shooting, as well as a menacing statement about contacting the FBI.
For now, school is back in session and the FBI is continuing the investigation. Other schools and businesses may take a page from this book and be proactive about preventing cyber crime.
It's almost as though you can't have a large target without somebody trying to hit it. The news first broke at Sucuri: someone had made fake plug-ins for WordPress. Like most fakes, they made the name similar to a legitimate plug-in. That's the technique used in all kinds of phishing scams, spoofed websites and other hacker tactics. You get an email from "Yahoo" without the exclamation mark or "Aple.com" with one "p," and suddenly you've fallen for the bait.
This time the bait was designed to look like security plugins for WordPress sites. The real plug-in is called WP-SpamShield Anti-Spam. The fake went by the innocuous-sounding X-WP-SPAM-SHIELD-PRO. It masqueraded as a security scrubber, with subfiles that also sounded legit. It disables all your plug-ins (making its life easier), then steals your admin usernames, adds an additional administrator (itself), pings home (to inform its creator of installation status), and contained a backdoor "update" function, allowing them to upload anything to your site, among other features.
While malware can be purchased on the dark web, this one had some pretty sophisticated coding. Fortunately, after the Sucuri article, the WordPress community quickly spread the word and the malicious, phony plug-in was deleted. This wasn't the first time someone tried to infiltrate WordPress, nor shall it likely be the last (again, just given the sheer size of the target). So, investigate plug-ins in a secure space before you go installing them, as a word of advice.
Well, off we go to update our own blog and continue to research, analyze, and rescue organizations, one company at a time. Until then, tune in next week, same bat-channel, same bat-time, and enjoy the headlines…but stay out of them.
Case Study: What Do These 10 Cyber Security Disasters Have in Common?


text:
Absence of an association between rubella vaccination and arthritis in underimmune postpartum women
Paul E. Slater*, Tirtsa Ben-Zvi, Alice Fogel, Michael Ehrenfeld, Shai Ever-Hadani
In a double-blind historical cohort study, 485 underimmune women who received rubella vaccine post-partum during 1985-1990 and 493 controls matched for age, place of residence and date of delivery were queried by phone concerning joint complaints following the pregnancy in question. Those reporting joint symptoms were invited for a personal interview at which joint symptoms and dates of their occurrence were explored in detail. Nineteen women in the vaccinated group (3.9%) and 16 from the control group (3.2%) were judged to have had joint symptoms compatible with the study definition of arthritis. The difference was not statistically significant. Thus, we were unable to find evidence for an association between rubella vaccination of underimmune adult women vaccinated post-partum and the subsequent development of arthritis. Rubella vaccine should continue to be used to immunize susceptible adult women against rubella in order to further the goal of elimination of the congenital rubella syndrome.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-410X(95)00096-J
Rubella vaccination
10.1016/0264-410X(95)00096-J
Dive into the research topics of 'Absence of an association between rubella vaccination and arthritis in underimmune postpartum women'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Rubella Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
arthritis Agriculture & Biology 99%
vaccination Social Sciences 90%
Postpartum Period Medicine & Life Sciences 77%
Arthritis Medicine & Life Sciences 71%
Rubella Vaccine Medicine & Life Sciences 63%
Joints Medicine & Life Sciences 57%
Slater, P. E., Ben-Zvi, T., Fogel, A., Ehrenfeld, M., & Ever-Hadani, S. (1995). Absence of an association between rubella vaccination and arthritis in underimmune postpartum women. Vaccine, 13(16), 1529-1532. https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-410X(95)00096-J
Slater, Paul E. ; Ben-Zvi, Tirtsa ; Fogel, Alice et al. / Absence of an association between rubella vaccination and arthritis in underimmune postpartum women. In: Vaccine. 1995 ; Vol. 13, No. 16. pp. 1529-1532.
@article{83792cc862d94417be9bb3c2f0354078,
title = "Absence of an association between rubella vaccination and arthritis in underimmune postpartum women",
abstract = "In a double-blind historical cohort study, 485 underimmune women who received rubella vaccine post-partum during 1985-1990 and 493 controls matched for age, place of residence and date of delivery were queried by phone concerning joint complaints following the pregnancy in question. Those reporting joint symptoms were invited for a personal interview at which joint symptoms and dates of their occurrence were explored in detail. Nineteen women in the vaccinated group (3.9%) and 16 from the control group (3.2%) were judged to have had joint symptoms compatible with the study definition of arthritis. The difference was not statistically significant. Thus, we were unable to find evidence for an association between rubella vaccination of underimmune adult women vaccinated post-partum and the subsequent development of arthritis. Rubella vaccine should continue to be used to immunize susceptible adult women against rubella in order to further the goal of elimination of the congenital rubella syndrome.",
keywords = "Rubella vaccination, arthritis",
author = "Slater, {Paul E.} and Tirtsa Ben-Zvi and Alice Fogel and Michael Ehrenfeld and Shai Ever-Hadani",
note = "Funding Information: This study was supported by a grant from Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA. The opinions expressedi n this article are those of the authors alone and do not purport to be the opinions of the Israel Ministry of Health or any of its agencies.",
doi = "10.1016/0264-410X(95)00096-J",
Slater, PE, Ben-Zvi, T, Fogel, A, Ehrenfeld, M & Ever-Hadani, S 1995, 'Absence of an association between rubella vaccination and arthritis in underimmune postpartum women', Vaccine, vol. 13, no. 16, pp. 1529-1532. https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-410X(95)00096-J
Absence of an association between rubella vaccination and arthritis in underimmune postpartum women. / Slater, Paul E.; Ben-Zvi, Tirtsa; Fogel, Alice et al.
In: Vaccine, Vol. 13, No. 16, 1995, p. 1529-1532.
T1 - Absence of an association between rubella vaccination and arthritis in underimmune postpartum women
AU - Slater, Paul E.
AU - Ben-Zvi, Tirtsa
AU - Fogel, Alice
AU - Ehrenfeld, Michael
AU - Ever-Hadani, Shai
N1 - Funding Information: This study was supported by a grant from Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA. The opinions expressedi n this article are those of the authors alone and do not purport to be the opinions of the Israel Ministry of Health or any of its agencies.
N2 - In a double-blind historical cohort study, 485 underimmune women who received rubella vaccine post-partum during 1985-1990 and 493 controls matched for age, place of residence and date of delivery were queried by phone concerning joint complaints following the pregnancy in question. Those reporting joint symptoms were invited for a personal interview at which joint symptoms and dates of their occurrence were explored in detail. Nineteen women in the vaccinated group (3.9%) and 16 from the control group (3.2%) were judged to have had joint symptoms compatible with the study definition of arthritis. The difference was not statistically significant. Thus, we were unable to find evidence for an association between rubella vaccination of underimmune adult women vaccinated post-partum and the subsequent development of arthritis. Rubella vaccine should continue to be used to immunize susceptible adult women against rubella in order to further the goal of elimination of the congenital rubella syndrome.
AB - In a double-blind historical cohort study, 485 underimmune women who received rubella vaccine post-partum during 1985-1990 and 493 controls matched for age, place of residence and date of delivery were queried by phone concerning joint complaints following the pregnancy in question. Those reporting joint symptoms were invited for a personal interview at which joint symptoms and dates of their occurrence were explored in detail. Nineteen women in the vaccinated group (3.9%) and 16 from the control group (3.2%) were judged to have had joint symptoms compatible with the study definition of arthritis. The difference was not statistically significant. Thus, we were unable to find evidence for an association between rubella vaccination of underimmune adult women vaccinated post-partum and the subsequent development of arthritis. Rubella vaccine should continue to be used to immunize susceptible adult women against rubella in order to further the goal of elimination of the congenital rubella syndrome.
KW - Rubella vaccination
U2 - 10.1016/0264-410X(95)00096-J
DO - 10.1016/0264-410X(95)00096-J
Slater PE, Ben-Zvi T, Fogel A, Ehrenfeld M, Ever-Hadani S. Absence of an association between rubella vaccination and arthritis in underimmune postpartum women. Vaccine. 1995;13(16):1529-1532. doi: 10.1016/0264-410X(95)00096-J


These are tailor-made or custom built machines designed for specific purposes wherein the work pieces may be tumbled, rotated, rolled, carried, even pushed, all according to necessity, convenience and economy. In these machines the work is carried upon hangers suspended from an overhead monorail.
This type of machine may be classed as a single or multiple pass, indexing, spinner hanger or straight through type. Again the machine may be single or multi wheel type depending on the product size and the required output. The overhead conveyor type machine can be designed to carry weights up to 4 tons per hanger.
The layout of monorails circuits may be unlimited in variety. Overhead plants have two outstanding features; continuity of production and flexibility. There are very few workpieces that are not capable of being suspended by some type of suitable hanger.


The most intriguing of the two traffic stops involved the Doral episode March 19 when a city police officer stopped a black Ford pickup truck with five people on board.
A criminal complaint filed by a special agent of Homeland Security Investigations, a unit of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, explained what happened next.
"The officer encountered five individuals with foreign passports and only one spoke English," the criminal complaint said.
The officer contacted Border Patrol and the agents who responded questioned Enoque Leite Da Silva, the man driving the truck.
He told the agents that he had picked up his sister who had been smuggled into South Florida from Brazil via the Bahamas, and that the smugglers had ordered him to drive the other three individuals, also Brazilians, to their destinations.
A search of the truck revealed that four of the Brazilians, including Leite Da Silva's sister, had possibly used false European passports to enter the United States without visas. Two passports were from Italy and two from Portugal, according to the criminal complaint.
The document doesn't say how the Brazilians arrived in South Florida, but suggests they might have flown in from the Bahamas. Usually Brazilian undocumented migrants arrive by boat.
In the complaint Leite Da Silva told agents he paid $10,500 to smugglers in exchange for bringing his sister on the voyage to South Florida.
The Mexican migrant case was discovered by Border Patrol agents Feb. 3 during a "routine patrol" in the vicinity of State Road 27 and Krome Avenue, according to court records.
"State Road 27 is a known route that is exploited by criminal human smuggling organizations to bring smuggled aliens into the state of Florida," a criminal complaint filed by a Border Patrol agent said.
The agents spotted a vehicle that carried so many passengers that it was "weighed down." They began following because crowded vehicles in the area where they were patrolling are often an indication of migrant smuggling.
Eventually, the agents stopped the truck and discovered that the driver, Israel Zavala Cisneros, was an undocumented Mexican immigrant who had been previously deported in 1998 and 2001.


The tls_init() function should be called once before any function is used. It may be called more than once, but not concurrently.
Before a connection is created, a configuration must be created. The tls_config_new() function returns a new default configuration that can be used for future connections. Several functions exist to change the options of the configuration; see below.
A TLS connection is represented as a context. A new context is created by either the tls_client() or tls_server() functions. The context can then be configured with the function tls_configure(). The same tls_config object can be used to configure multiple contexts.
A client connection is initiated after configuration by calling tls_connect(). This function will create a new socket, connect to the specified host and port, and then establish a secure connection. The tls_connect_servername() function has the same behaviour, however the name to use for verification is explicitly provided, rather than being inferred from the host value. An already existing socket can be upgraded to a secure connection by calling tls_connect_socket(). Alternatively, a secure connection can be established over a pair of existing file descriptors by calling tls_connect_fds().
A server can accept a new client connection by calling tls_accept_socket() on an already established socket connection. Alternatively, a new client connection can be accepted over a pair of existing file descriptors by calling tls_accept_fds().
The TLS handshake can be completed by calling tls_handshake(). Two functions are provided for input and output, tls_read() and tls_write(). Both of these functions will result in the TLS handshake being performed if it has not already completed.
After use, a TLS context should be closed with tls_close(), and then freed by calling tls_free(). When no more contexts are to be created, the tls_config object should be freed by calling tls_config_free().
The tls_init() function initializes global data structures. It should be called once before any other functions.
The following functions create and free configuration objects.
tls_config_new() allocates a new default configuration object.
tls_config_free() frees a configuration object.
The tls_config_parse_protocols() function parses a protocol string and returns the corresponding value via the protocols argument. This value can then be passed to the tls_config_set_protocols() function. The protocol string is a comma or colon separated list of keywords. Valid keywords are tlsv1.0, tlsv1.1, tlsv1.2, all (all supported protocols), default (an alias for secure), legacy (an alias for all) and secure (currently TLSv1.2 only). If a value has a negative prefix (in the form of a leading exclamation mark) then it is removed from the list of available protocols, rather than being added to it.
The following functions modify a configuration by setting parameters. Configuration options may apply to only clients or only servers or both.
tls_conn_version() returns a string corresponding to a TLS version negotiated with the peer connected to ctx. tls_conn_version() will only succeed after the handshake is complete.
The following functions create, prepare, and free a connection context.
tls_client() creates a new TLS context for client connections.
tls_server() creates a new TLS context for server connections.
tls_configure() readies a TLS context for use by applying the configuration options.
tls_free() frees a TLS context after use.
The following functions initiate a connection and perform input and output operations.
tls_connect() connects a client context to the server named by host. The port may be numeric or a service name. If it is NULL then a host of the format "hostname:port" is permitted.
tls_connect_fds() connects a client context to a pair of existing file descriptors.
tls_connect_socket() connects a client context to an already established socket connection.
tls_accept_fds() creates a new context suitable for reading and writing on an existing pair of file descriptors and returns it in *cctx. A configured server context should be passed in ctx.
tls_accept_socket() creates a new context suitable for reading and writing on an already established socket connection and returns it in *cctx. A configured server context should be passed in ctx.
tls_handshake() performs the TLS handshake. It is only necessary to call this function if you need to guarantee that the handshake has completed, as both tls_read() and tls_write() will perform the TLS handshake if necessary.
tls_read() reads buflen bytes of data from the socket into buf. The amount of data read is returned in outlen.
tls_write() writes buflen bytes of data from buf to the socket. The amount of data written is returned in outlen.
tls_close() closes a connection after use. Only the TLS layer will be shut down and the caller is responsible for closing the file descriptors, unless the connection was established using tls_connect() or tls_connect_servername().
The tls_peer_cert_provided() and tls_peer_cert_contains_name() functions return 1 if the check succeeds, and 0 if it does not. Functions that return a time_t will return a time in epoch-seconds on success, and -1 on error. Functions that return a ssize_t will return a size on success, and -1 on error. All other functions that return int will return 0 on success and -1 on error. Functions that return a pointer will return NULL on error, which indicates an out of memory condition.
Callers of these functions cannot rely on the value of the global errno. To prevent mishandling of error conditions, tls_handshake(), tls_read(), tls_write(), and tls_close() all explicitly clear errno.
The tls_error() function may be used to retrieve a string containing more information about the most recent error.


Bid farewell to tourist traps and selfie sticks. Even for intrepid travellers, one European nation remains an enigma: the Republic of Moldova.
Wedged between Romania and Ukraine, Moldova is a country of unspoilt pastures, buttercup-yellow monasteries, and record-breaking wineries. Its capital city, Chişinău, is a collage of leafy, Paris-style boulevards and stark Brutalist buildings. Beyond here, breakaway nation Transnistria broods in the country's east.
Despite these intriguing highlights, Moldova has the dubious honour of being the least visited country in Europe. It's time to buck the trend, starting with these eight reasons to explore Moldova.
Moldovan wine is quietly rising to global acclaim, but so far only a few discerning oenophiles are in on the secret. Start at the most impressive winery, Milestii Mici, just 30 minutes' drive south of Chişinău.
The wine cellars here have a Guinness World Records listing as the largest in the world, with 1.5 million bottles stocked in a 55km labyrinth beneath ground. Accompanied by a guide, you'll drive among shadowy avenues crammed with well-rounded Rieslings and crisp Chardonnays, before sipping a few varieties in a grand subterranean banquet hall (book ahead).
If you aren't roaming further than Moldova's capital, settle in for an evening at Carpe Diem wine bar, a trove of excellent local drops.
Transnistria isn't the only place with remarkable Orthodox architecture. Monastic life thrives across Moldova, meaning that church frescoes are wonderfully maintained, tulip gardens thoroughly manicured, and silvery domes polished to a shine.
Among the most beautiful is Saharna Monastery, in a little-touristed corner of northeastern Moldova. Its periwinkle-blue buildings surround a gleaming white church where pilgrims file through, paying respects to icons of local saints.
A road trip to Saharna is easily teamed with other monasteries like rock-carved Tipova, also by the banks of the Dniester River.
After driving across Moldova's tapestry of wildflower meadows and cornfields, Orheiul Vechi is a riveting contrast. A monastery with golden domes and white bell-towers sparkles across a valley, with forbidding, ashen cliffs rising behind.
Traces of human life dating back to Paleolithic times have been unearthed at this archaeological complex, 60km north of Chişinău. From the fourteenth century, hermit monks came to seek solitude in its karst caves.
While the monastery is the region's prime attraction, a hike is the best way to steep yourself in Orheiul Vechi's history and natural beauty. Villages like quiet Ivancea and folksy Brăneşti are connected by fairly level terrain. Walkers will pass powder-blue farmhouses and squabbling hens, with splendid views over the cliff-top monastery.
Unrecognised by other countries, yet fiercely distinct from the rest of Moldova, the breakaway nation of Transnistria is the strangest day-trip from Chişinău. Tucked between Moldova and Ukraine, this contested strip of land has its own border control and currency, though the overwhelmingly pro-independence (and pro-Russian) results of its 2006 referendum have stranded it in political limbo.
A 12-hour stay in Transnistria requires no advance paperwork: simply bring your passport and register at the border offices. In a single day, you can easily visit the imposing fifteenth-century fortress at Bender, stroll among Lenin statues and grand war memorials in capital Tiraspol, and buy a jar of honey from gorgeous Noul Neamţ (a working all-male monastery).
Prefer gritty to pretty? Intriguing Brutalist architecture is scattered between Chişinău's grassy squares and crumbling nineteenth-century townhouses. Most interesting is the Circul, an abandoned circus building northeast of central Chişinău. This spiky crown of concrete is adorned with a now-headless metal clown.
For a less sinister way to immerse yourself in the past, dine in Propaganda Cafe, where wry nostalgia resounds from every 1950s photograph and Soviet-era TV screen.
Sauntering past the Arc de Triomphe, down tree-lined boulevards where chic locals dunk croissants into café au lait… surprisingly, there's more than a whiff of Paris about Chişinău. Boulevards are fringed by weeping willows, green spaces like Parcul Catedralei breathe life into the city centre, and the Arcul de Triumf is a dead ringer for France's famous monument.
Best of all, the city has wholeheartedly embraced French patisserie and coffee: try Creme de la Creme for gateaux and caramel lattes, or Panna Cotta for macarons and florentines.
Walking down elegant Strada 31 August in Chişinău, it's impossible to miss the garden packed with rocket launchers and dark green tanks. Behind this graveyard of defused weapons and aeroplanes lies the city's Military Museum, one of Chişinău's most impressive sights.
Weaponry from thirteenth-century sabres to AK-47s illustrates the turbulent history of this young nation. Blood-curdling dioramas and WWII footage give an unflinching account of the hardships that preceded the birth of the Republic of Moldova in 1990.
Fancy bunking down in a creaky farmhouse, and awaking to a chorus of cockerels and gurgling turkeys? The countryside around Orhei has a smattering of agrotourism outfits, where half-board includes a feast of home-cooked Moldovan food.
Thick slabs of mămăligă (polenta) jostle for table space with grilled lamb, salads sprinkled with salty sheep's cheese, and jugs of local wine; Casa din Lunca in Trebujeny serves up a particularly impressive spread. Gulping the last drop of plummy Codru wine, while another horse and cart rattles past, you can truly embrace life in Moldova's slow lane.
Explore more of Europe with the Rough Guide to Europe on a Budget. Compare flights, find tours, book hostels and hotels for your trip, and don't forget to buy travel insurance before you go.


Your request to be added to the available players list will be sent to the match Captain Chris Caswell. The full list of players available will be seen on the Club notice board at Grove Gardens and the final teams selections will be published as usual at the club and on this website. you can see the full club fixtures with the button below.