text:
If you had to pick one element as the most versatile, carbon would be it. We are carbon-based life forms in just about every sense of the word. In fact, "organic molecules" are basically defined as those built out of carbon, so inseparable is carbon from the workings of life as we know it. The hydrogen-eating bacteria thought to live miles down in the earth's crust, the bacteria that may live under thousands of meters of ice in Lake Vostok, even the most exotic sulfur-eating bacteria that live in thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean, all are built on a completely carbon-based foundation. Finding extraterrestrial life, say on Europa or maybe in a flying saucer on the White House lawn, would be no great surprise. Finding out it's not carbon-based would be a very big surprise indeed.
But life is just one of carbon's tricks. In pure form carbon can be anything from soft, slippery graphite to the hardest substance known, diamond. The difference between diamond and graphite is just in how the atoms of carbon are bonded to each other: In sheets that can slide around or in a locked three-dimensional matrix.
Graphite is very useful as a refractory material for high temperature crucibles and electrodes, and graphite fiber is used as a reinforcing material embedded in epoxy or other resins. Such composite materials are used in military airplanes, surf boards, and golf club shafts.
Diamond, because it has historically been kept expensive by the DeBeers cartel, has not found many uses outside of jewelry. Small manufactured diamonds are used as abrasives, but even they are a bit expensive. In the summer of 2003, however, we witnessed what is very probably the beginning of the age of cheap, large synthetic diamonds, with two companies, Apollo Diamonds and Gemesis entering the gem market with manufactured white and yellow diamonds respectively. Since diamonds are in fact dirt common even in natural form, and since they are really not very pretty as gemstones go, their value may well utterly collapse over the the next decade or two. The idea that they are valuable is, after all, a pure invention on the part of DeBeers, and as such it's unlikely to survive changing conditions.
Compare at other websites:
periodictable.com
WebElements
Museum Display
Translations and Etymology
Science Fiction (Main Site)
Elements in the Human Body
Fun/Dangerous Experiments
Minerals, Alloys, and Compounds
Elements Popular in Collections
Poster Samples
Elements I Have Extra Of
Elements at Walmart
Elements with External Samples
Samples with Rotatable Images
Samples with Sounds
Samples with High Resolution Spin Movies
Samples with Stories
Samples with Videos
Anthracite coal.
I purchased about 1000 pounds in the early 1990s for blacksmithing use by Jim Zimmerman at our farm. We had to build a special box on the trailer to bring it home, and most of it is still sitting in large plastic containers in the shed. No problem finding a sample for the table!
The sound is steel plate being beaten with a blacksmith's hammer after heating in a coal fire.
Source: Coal Dealer
Acquired: 15 April, 2002
Price: $0.008/ounce ($250/ton)
Purity: >85%
Graphite rod from lantern battery.
I took apart one of those big lantern batteries probably some time in the late 1970s because I needed a graphite rod for stirring molten metals. Graphite is good because metal doesn't stick to it, it doesn't contaminate the metal, and it retards oxidation to some extent. In order to show you how it's done, I took apart another one in the summer of 2002 and photographed the process.
Click on the story book icon for this sample to see how to extract graphic from batteries. See below for another source of carbon rods.
Price: $5/battery with 4 of them
Pyrolytic graphite.
Ed reports: The source (and inspiration) was this page about magnetism. The details for making pyrolytic graphite are on the site. The main point of these samples is that they have the highest diamagnetic effect of any material (the degree to which it will repel a magnet). The diamagnetic effect is strong enough that a piece of pyrolytic graphite will levitate over neodymium magnets, as you can see in the video.
Source: Science Toys
Contributor: Ed Pegg Jr
Gem cut cubic zirconia just to fool people.
So far, no one has been fooled, probably because it's too big to be believable (10mm round brilliant cut CZ from http://www.pehnec.com). But it is very beautiful!
Source: Pehnec Gems
Text Updated: 7 April, 2009
Price: $60/50 stones
Titanic coal.
This is actual genuine totally certified in triplicate authentic coal recovered from the RMS Titanic on the bottom of the ocean. At least so says the certificate of authenticity:
Of course, if you read it more carefully, it doesn't actually say where the coal was recovered from, only that it was recovered during this expedition. It doesn't say whether the expedition took a detour to western Pennsylvania on their way to the bottom of the ocean.
But it's probably real: The company is real, and they really did salvage many objects from the Titanic. Here's an article about how tasteless the whole thing is. After reading that, if you still want to order some, you can: www.titanic-online.com.
The certificate says Jane Billman on it because this was a present for my wife, who is a Titanic fan. When I found it covered in dust at the back of a closet, I decided that the heavy responsibility of being a conservator of a genuine Titanic object should pass to the Periodic Table Table.
Source: RMS Titanic, Inc
Sample from the RGB Set.
The Red Green and Blue company in England sells a very nice element collection in several versions. Max Whitby, the director of the company, very kindly donated a complete set to the periodic table table.
To learn more about the set you can visit my page about element collecting for a general description or the company's website which includes many photographs and pricing details. I have two photographs of each sample from the set: One taken by me and one from the company. You can see photographs of all the samples displayed in a periodic table format: my pictures or their pictures. Or you can see both side-by-side with bigger pictures in numerical order.
The picture on the left was taken by me. Here is the company's version (there is some variation between sets, so the pictures sometimes show different variations of the samples):
Source: Max Whitby of RGB
Contributor: Max Whitby of RGB
Price: Donated
Sample from the Everest Set.
Up until the early 1990's a company in Russia sold a periodic table collection with element samples. At some point their American distributor sold off the remaining stock to a man who is now selling them on eBay. The samples (except gases) weigh about 0.25 grams each, and the whole set comes in a very nice wooden box with a printed periodic table in the lid.
To learn more about the set you can visit my page about element collecting for a general description and information about how to buy one, or you can see photographs of all the samples from the set displayed on my website in a periodic table layout or with bigger pictures in numerical order.
Source: Rob Accurso
Contributor: Rob Accurso
Acquired: 7 February, 2003
Text Updated: 20 November, 2008
Graphite welding rods.
I didn't realize until just now that you could buy such perfect graphite rods very cheaply anywhere welding supplies are sold. They cost about a dollar each for 12" rods, and would be perfect for stirring molten metals if not for the copper cladding. It would be possible to melt the copper off, but I'm going to investigate whether some welding shops might carry ones without the copper.
Source: Farm & Fleet
Acquired: 26 March, 2003
Salvaged block.
This block came from the now closed Anglo Great Lakes Corporation, Newburn Haugh, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, which used to make high-purity graphite for the nuclear industry, according to the source, Christopher Bell. He "recovered" this block from the grounds after the factory was closed. I have another larger block of graphite, which I've cut some pieces off of, and which I intend to cut up and use for making casting pots, molds, and the like. But this historical artifact will remain untouched as part of the collection. Here is the story of its recovery:
My coming across the graphite was purely a coincidence. I had set out to Newburn Haugh (a large area of low lying land in a large loop of the River Tyne- in fact "haugh" is old Anglo Saxon meaning flat or marshy land near a river) to explore the old Stella Power station site which was nearby the graphite works. After satisfying my curiosity at the Power station site I followed the river edge to the graphite works site (I didn't know it had been a graphite works at the time).
It was not long before I figured it out as there were numerous chunks of graphite simply lying around, generally of the size I enclosed, but some larger and some molded into shapes like screws and hollow cylinders. There were also large electrode pieces with a shiny, glassy finish - these don't leave a mark on paper.
After several trips I collected around 20kg of the material in total, why? I don't really know I just liked the look of them! Since then (1998/99) the site has been prepared for a large new Business Park and I imagine many other pieces of the graphite probably ended up in the in fill or crushed.
Such a shame, perfectly good element samples going to waste!
Source: Christopher Bell
Contributor: Christopher Bell
Acquired: 1 May, 2003
Purity: 99.99%
Nanotubes.
For centuries, people knew pure carbon in two forms, diamond and graphite. Diamond is three-dimensional matrix of carbon atoms in which each atom is bonded to four others in a tetrahedral arrangement. Graphite on the other hand consists of two-dimension sheets of hexagons, like a honeycomb, in which each carbon atom is bonded to three others. These sheets are loosely stacked on top of each other in bulk graphite, and it is their ability to slip around on each other that makes graphite so soft and slippery.
There's only one way to arrange the atoms in diamond, but it turns out that sheets of graphite can be wrapped around into tubes and spheres in a great variety of ways, forming some truly remarkable substances, some of which may turn out to be of vast importance.
The first really amazing form of carbon to be discovered is called buckminsterfullerene, after Buckmister Fuller the inventor and popularizer of many geodesic dome structures. Buckmisterfullerene is often referred to as "bucky balls" because it consists of molecules of 60 atoms in a graphite-like arrangement, curved and joined to itself to form a beautiful geodesic sphere.
These nanotubes consist of sheets of graphite rolled into tubes only a few nanometers in diameter. Nanotubes can be made in different diameters, and with one, two, three, or more concentric layers of wall. These happen to be multi-wall nanotubes.
What can you do with nanotubes? Well, one thing you can do, a trick the University of Illinois is famous for, is fill them with bucky balls, forming a sort of nano-peapod. Other things you might be able to do is build electronic circuitry with wires of unimaginable fineness. The tubes are also extremely strong: If you could make them long and bundle them into a substantial fiber, you could make threads and cables of extreme strength.
How are these incredibly fine, structured molecules manufactured? Is it some clever chemical synthesis in which atoms are assembled in an orderly way? Well, not exactly. The manufacturing process for bucky balls and nanotubes alike can be described basically as creating soot by burning or heating carbon and carbon compounds in high-temperature electric arcs, blasting with lasers, or some other similarly crude method. After making a bag of soot, you use various chemical methods to separate out and purify the particular form you're looking for. The trick is to adjust the conditions of your arc or laser in such a way as to maximize the percentage of the carbon that arranges itself into the form you want. For example, if you want nanotubes, you pass a laminar flow of gas through the arc. It's not too surprising that this encourages the carbon to form into tubes rather than balls: Think soap bubbles made by holding
the ring in a strong, steady breeze.
Nanotube powder is incredibly light and fluffy! This sample is a pile about half an inch wide the way it's stacked in the photo, but it weighs only about 7mg (0.007 grams). A full liter of this stuff would weight only about 25 grams, 40 times less dense than water.
Note that this stuff is extremely black. Really, really black. It looks gray in the pictures, but that's because I increased the exposure time to allow you to see the details of the structure, and I'm using very concentrated lights to put as much light as possible right on the sample. And needless to say, if you think you see some kind of tube-like thing in there, it's not a nanotube! The tubes typically range in length from tens to hundreds of micrometers, and may reach as long as a millimeter, but even such an extraordinarily long one could not be seen in anything other than an electron microscope, because they are so incredibly thin.
Here are good websites for carbon nanotubes and
peapods.
Source: Prof. Jianguo Wen
Contributor: Prof. Jianguo Wen
Diamond powder.
Looks kind of like graphite powder, doesn't it? This is very fine (0-1/4 micron) diamond powder intended to be used as an abrasive, and it really looks nothing like a bunch of tiny diamonds.
Source: eBay seller reginaldvance
Acquired: 1 September, 2003
Sample Group: Powders
Really big lumps of coal.
This massive piece of sculpture is eleven dollars worth of eastern Kentucky's finest big block anthracite coal. It weighs a bit over 200 pounds and as I write this my back is telling me I should have asked for help lifting it up onto the stack of two NeXT cubes it's sitting on. (NeXT cubes make good display stands for all sorts of things, and since they are made of magnesium, they are especially appropriate in an element collection.)
People say you can find fossils in coal, but I haven't seen any in these blocks. Unless of course you count the fact that the whole thing is one big fossil, hence the term fossil fuel.
Beautiful varnished coal.
These are varnished lumps of eastern Kentucky anthracite coal (see above sample for a couple of bigger lumps). While I was picking these out at the coal yard in late November I thought about joking with the coal dealer that I was doing my Christmas shopping, but then I decided that he'd probably heard enough "lump of coal for Christmas" jokes in his life, so I kept my mouth shut. Personally I wouldn't mind getting such a beautiful lump of stuff as a present, and my kids greatly enjoy varnishing and/or smashing it too. The phrase of course comes from a time and place where many people heated with coal and had great bins of it in their basement: Familiarity breeds contempt and all.
Price: $0.05/pound
Huge slabs of pyrolytic graphite.
These massive slabs of pure pyrolytic graphic must have cost someone (Martin-Marietta according to the label) a pretty penny ($200 each in 1990, according to the seller). Pyrolytic graphic is the same as regular graphite (sheets of hexagonally bonded carbon atoms), but in pyrolytic graphite the sheets are all arranged in the same direction, in a flat pancake. In normal graphite there are zones of order like that, but as a whole the orientation of the sheets is random, making ordinary graphite an isotropic material. Pyrolytic graphite on the other hand has a definite directionality to it, with, for example, widely different diamagnetism in the direction of the sheets v.s. perpendicular to them. It can also be cleaved into thinner and thinner layers like slate or mica.
Source: rmbidwell
Price: $50/2
Purity: >99.9%
Carbon-filament lamp.
The story of Edison slaving away trying one kind of filament after another until he finally hit on one that would burn long enough to be practical is a classic story of cleverness and hard work. And this is an example of the kind of lamp he came up with, the carbon filament incandescent bulb. Compared to modern tungsten filament bulbs these were dim, inefficient, and short-lived bulbs that burned so hot they tended to set things are fire. Compared to candles, oil lanterns and gas lights, they were bright, efficient, clean bulbs that were much less likely to set anything on fire. It's all relative. And of course modern tungsten filament bulbs are horribly dingy and inefficient compared to fluorescent or LED bulbs.
The filament in this bulb looks shiny, almost like wire. The bulb expert it's from explains:
The large tipless carbon is a bulb made in the late teens [1910's] as the carbon was nearly at the end of its life cycle and having reached its greatest efficiency point before being replaced forever by tungsten. This was the "improved" carbon or "metalized" carbon which was a graphite paste baked over the carbon core.
This bulb is displayed in my Bulb Stand.
Source: eBay seller nwy
Contributor: eBay seller nwy
Sample Group: Light Bulbs
Graphite lubricant.
I've generated huge amounts of powdered graphite while machining blocks of graphite to make molds for thermite casting, so I found it humorous to buy a little bit more in a tube. But it really is a very good lubricant: After doing the graphite machining all my tools run nice and smooth, and even my floor is extra-slippery. The stuff gets everywhere.
Congo cube diamond.
Congo cubes are really strange objects: pure natural diamond crystal, yet astronomically less expensive than diamonds normally are. (As this was a very generous Christmas present I'm not going to go on and on about how cheap Congo Cubes are, and one this large is actually not all that cheap in an absolute sense, it's just a lot less than the many thousands that a comparable 3 caret single-crystal diamond would cost.)
They come in a wide range of sizes and shapes, but most of them are fairly cubical, which raises the question: Why cubes? The individual crystals that make up a Congo Cube are randomly oriented, so why should the thing as a whole assume a cube shape? I have no idea. It would also be interesting to find out what's inside: Is it dense or are there air gaps or inclusions of dirt? What would it look like if you polished one face of the cube?
Want to find our for yourself? Look up Congo Cubes in google or eBay you'll find all sorts available.
Source: Chris Carlson
Contributor: Chris Carlson
Acquired: 25 December, 2003
Copper-graphite block.
I have copper and I have graphite, but this mixture is not like either. I wonder if it would make a good mold material, but I don't have enough to experiment with. The source has the following to say about it:
Copper graphite, This sells well on ebay, think this is used for motor brushes, about the strangest stuff I have ever seen, you'll have NO trouble convincing people it is some weird Roswell metal. Interesting thing you can do with it is cut out a narrowish bar of it place in a "quarter shrinker" and once zapped with enough juice makes about the most tough material i have EVER, come across! It is like something out of science fiction after that treatment. It can be pounded and beaten on an anvil like wrought iron when hot, but good tool steel, tungsten carbide drills, lasers, ceramic lathe bits and other means of parting it don't cut it until it is heated enough to almost melt/burn! Silicon carbide cut off wheels will grind is slooooly though.
Source: eBay seller heruur
Contributor: eBay seller heruur
Stock offering commemorative.
I got a funny email one day.... A man in New York City wondering whether I knew where he could get a few pieces of anthracite coal on short notice. Seems he had sent similar emails to several people he found through a google search on coal and I was the first sucker to respond. I considered telling him about the news story I had read recently about the last New York City public elementary school still being heated with coal in the third millennium, but instead I offered to mail him a box of blacksmith's coal, seeing as how I have a ton (by which I mean 2000 pounds) of it at the farm.
In exchange he sent me this lovely block of cast acrylic, a test piece for a trinket meant to commemorate the issuance of stock on behalf of a company named Anthracite Capital, Inc.. How cute. Later, before he had finished these blocks, I went back to the coal yard and picked up some much nicer-looking coal samples (see above) but he refused all offers to replace his lousy Pennsylvania chunk with shiny Kentucky block.
Don't you think a company called Anthracite Capital, Inc needs a huge coal sculpture in their front lobby? I sure do.
Source: Executive Creations
Contributor: Executive Creations
Carbon fiber cloth.
Graphite (carbon) fibers are very strong, much stronger than things like nylon or other typical thread materials. For this reason carbon fiber is often used as a reinforcing mechanism in composite materials. Typically some kind of resin binder, like epoxy, is impregnated into the cloth, which is then wrapped around or over a form to give it the desired shape. When the resin hardens the result is a stiff, extremely strong shell that gets most of its strength from the fibers, not the resin. This kind of material is used to build airplanes, bicycle frames, even high-pressure gas cylinders for scuba diving.
Or so I thought: Reader Jason Dostal has corrected this last sentence as follows:
I do have one small correction for you though on your carbon page. You mention that carbon fiber is used in the construction of high pressure gas cylinders used for scuba diving. That is partially true - they do construct fiber-wrapped high pressure gas cylinders, but we don't use them for scuba diving. I have several small (68 cubic inch, 3000PSI) tanks that I attach to my paintball gun, because they are very, very light. Firefighters also use fiber-wrapped SCBA (Self Contained Breathing Apparatus) tanks due to their lightweight. And that is exactly why divers do not use them. The tanks are too light for diving. The materials they are made out of do not give the cylinder enough negative buoyancy to offset the buoyancy created by it's water displacement. You would have to wear a huge amount of lead to offset the natural buoyancy of the tank. We don't even really like aluminum tanks - the little 80 cubic foot aluminum tanks are kind of looked down upon by us "serious" divers, as they have poor buoyancy characteristics - they just get too light underwater. We do use aluminum cylinders to carry additional gases with us when doing decompression diving, but for the most part we use good, heavy low pressure (2400/2650 PSI) steel 104 cubic foot tanks (or other capacity).
So there you have it: In scuba diving the tanks are supposed to be heavy, and the crowbars are supposed to be light (see my titanium crowbar for more on the subject of diving with crowbars).
Source: eBay seller treacia1800
Native graphite.
I'd really love a piece of native graphite from the Borrowdale mine in England, where graphite was first discovered (creating the modern pencil industry), but failing that, this will have to do. It's native graphite from New Jersey.
Source: Franklin Mineral Museum
Acquired: 6 August, 2004
Hand-made pencils.
In April, 2004 I wrote about making pencils by hand in my Popular Science column. Here's a picture showing all the stages from graphite to final pencils: See the article (available online) for more details.
Source: Theodore Gray
Industrial Diamonds.
These pretty little yellow diamonds are entirely synthetic. They are pretty small, not quite a powder, but not exactly something you could make a ring out of. It looks like synthetic diamond technology is making good progress, however, and it might not be too long before you can buy fistfuls of large gem grade diamond for a few dollars. It's about time, I say, people are spending way too much money on boring clear stones.
Source: Ivan Timokhin
Contributor: Ivan Timokhin
Text Updated: 7 January, 2007
Size: .01"
Coal sample.
This is a little bag of coal handed out at a science teacher trade show by the Illinois Office of Coal Development to promote the idea that Illinois coal is a good thing to burn in a power plant. Kind of like the uranium fuel pellets handed out by nuclear power companies for more or less the same public-relations reasons.
Source: Office of Coal Development
Contributor: Office of Coal Development
Text Updated: 14 February, 2007
Vacuum tube with graphite.
This seems to be an amplifier tube of some sort, why it has graphite electrodes I don't know. The same source sent me another tube that contains loose beads of mercury, another thing you don't commonly see in vacuum tubes. Not that you commonly see vacuum tubes of any sort these days.
Source: Max Cane
Contributor: Max Cane
Text Updated: 3 September, 2007
Graphite mold for making tungsten carbide.
This is a little graphite mold I made for a Popular Science column about making tungsten carbide bits from scratch. Well actually, from tungsten carbide and cobalt powders. It turns out this is surprisingly easy, though the quality of the resulting bits can't possibly match that of commercially created material.
The edges of the mold are thinned because it spent minutes on end directly under an oxyacetylene flame being heated to around 6000F. Frankly it's a testament to the temperature and oxidation resistance of graphite that there's anything left at all.
Look under tungsten to find the actual bits I made.
Acquired: 1 December, 2008
More anthracite coal.
Another nice piece of anthracite coal. This stuff is juts plain beautiful.
Source: Coal Yard
Coal Buddha etching.
Described as a Yungang Buddha carving this is more of an etching or engraving in coal.
Source: eBay seller chinaemma
Coal lantern sculpture.
A small coal sculpture of a lantern from Wales. More likely plastic resin with coal dust, on the bottom it says "Made with coal from Wales". With, not of.
Source: eBay seller sysgenss
Diamond grinding wheel.
Very attractive diamond-studded grinding wheel. The industrial-grade diamonds are embedded in a matrix of relatively soft iron, I'm pretty sure the bronze color is a plating, but it's too pretty to use and find out.
The gaps are to allow the chips to escape, and possibly for cooling as well.
Source: Harbor Freight Tool Company
Text Updated: 12 March, 2009
Purity: <2%
Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite.
HOPG (Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite) is a particularly pure, crystal-like form of graphite with very smooth hexagonal sheets of carbon atoms.
Source: Ethan Currens
Price: Anonymous
Glassy carbon.
Unusually structured carbon graphite, described in this paper by P. J. F. Harris.
Text Updated: 16 April, 2009
Borrowdale graphite.
The mine at Borrowdale was the first, and for a century the only, source of graphite, making it critical to the world's supply of pencils in the 1700s.
Source: Andrew Goodall
Contributor: Andrew Goodall
Acquired: 2 April, 2009
Copper-clad welding carbons.
Common copper-clad graphic rods used in welding. The copper is more electrically conductive than graphite, preventing excess voltage drop if the electrode clamps are attached at the far end of the rods. As the rod is consume the copper is vaporized a bit back from the end.
Buckyball model.
Computer-generated model of a C60 buckyball molecule.
Purity: 100%
Low-grade diamond.
This is a low-grade 2.71ct natural diamond. It's quite large as diamonds go, but only semi-transparent and therefore worth astronomically less than you might think: Only about $100. It's also no longer of this world, because I burned it up during shooting for my Popular Science article about how to burn up diamonds.
Source: eBay seller emerald-imports
Acquired: 28 June, 2009
Text Updated: 29 June, 2009
Very large Congo cube diamond.
This was a huge, HUGE 7.45ct diamond before it exploded. "Congo Cube" diamonds are clusters of small yellowish crystals. They are worth far less than clear gem-quality diamonds, but one this big is still several hundred dollars.
When I say "exploded" I mean it seriously exploded, in fact with such force that two diamond fragments dug holes into the lens we were using to photograph the event. It wasn't supposed to explode. I was heating it with an oxy-hydrogen torch to get it to catch fire and burn (for my Popular Science article about how to burn diamonds) when suddenly and without warning there was a tremendous SNAP, I felt something hit my hand hard, and we all simultaneously realized that this was a very expensive SNAP.
There must have been some kind of internal fracture that gave way as it reached yellow heat. We had successfully burned a smaller Congo Cube diamond and a low-grade regular diamond without incident, but this one was much bigger and thus more susceptible to uneven heating, I suppose.
Fortunately we were able to gather a few of the fragments and use them in subsequent photography runs, including showing how they burn in liquid oxygen.
Source: eBay seller sherl111
Chrissy Caviar.
Chrissy Caviar is just like regular caviar, except instead of being fish eggs, it's human eggs. More specifically, it's Chrissy's eggs. Needless to say, Chrissy is an artist.
Sadly this pen is does not contain any actual Chrissy Caviar, it's just a commemorative item. The real thing is packaged in glass jars and displayed in a deli case at whatever museum it is at (which changes from time to time).
Source: Chrissy Caviar
Acquired: 16 October, 2009
Text Updated: 26 October, 2009
Graphite hand.
Very lovely, detailed, baby-sized hand made of bonded graphite. The whole thing works as a pencil.
Source: eBay seller sj6girls
A small chip of pyrolytic graphite, suitable for levitating on magnets.
Coal from Jensan Set.
This sample represents hydrogen in the "The Grand Tour of the Periodic Table" mineral collection from Jensan Scientifics. Visit my page about element collecting for a general description, or see photographs of all the samples from the set in a periodic table layout or with bigger pictures in numerical order.
Source: Jensan Scientifics
Contributor: Jensan Scientifics
Composition: CH
Graphite from Jensan Set.
This sample represents carbon in the "The Grand Tour of the Periodic Table" mineral collection from Jensan Scientifics. Visit my page about element collecting for a general description, or see photographs of all the samples from the set in a periodic table layout or with bigger pictures in numerical order.
Composition: C
Calcite from Jensan Set.
This sample represents calcium in the "The Grand Tour of the Periodic Table" mineral collection from Jensan Scientifics. Visit my page about element collecting for a general description, or see photographs of all the samples from the set in a periodic table layout or with bigger pictures in numerical order.
Composition: Ca(CO3)
Smithsonite from Jensan Set.
This sample represents zinc in the "The Grand Tour of the Periodic Table" mineral collection from Jensan Scientifics. Visit my page about element collecting for a general description, or see photographs of all the samples from the set in a periodic table layout or with bigger pictures in numerical order.
Composition: ZnCO3
Azurite. (External Sample)
Azurite.
Location: John Gray's Collection
Photographed: 11 March, 2003
Composition: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Rhodochrosite. (External Sample)
Rhodochrosite.
Size: 1.375"
Composition: MnCO3
Cerussite. (External Sample)
Cerussite.
Photographed: 20 November, 2007
Composition: PbCO3
Amber with bugs.
I picked this piece of amber out of literally thousands available at a big fossil show because it was really big, really cheap, and it had bugs in it. It's important to have bugs in your amber if you want to extract DNA and recreate dinosaurs, or impress the kids. I'm told that given the low cost this is probably "copal", not true amber, but hey, it's got bugs in it. Copal is much younger, only a few thousand years rather than potentially millions of years.
And it does have some really great bugs! Here's a close-up of one, which is about 1/4 inch in overall size:
I don't really know what the chemical composition of amber/copal is, but it's an organic resin which means it must contain carbon and hydrogen, and I figure it probably contains at least some oxygen, so I've listed it as being composed of those three elements, with carbon being the dominant one. Feel free to correct me if you know better.
In preparation for my coffee table book The Elements, I had my assistant Nick re-photograph this sample to my new, higher standards. Naturally it fell of the stand and broke into several pieces, which you can see here:
Source: Time Trips
Composition: C10H16O
Silicon Carbide crystal.
The seller swears on a stack of bibles that this is natural (native) bismuth dug out of the ground in this form from the old Trajos silver mine in Chihuahua, Mexico. Unfortunately, this is not the case. The bluish cast does look very much like the film that forms on high-purity bismuth when it is molten, which may explain the sellers honestly mistaken identification. But this crystal is actually silicon carbide, possibly formed in an iron cupola from a reaction between the coke used to melt the iron and the silica fire brick lining the cupola. Because of the insistence of the seller that it was bismuth I made an effort to be absolutely sure about the identification, which was achieved by an SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscope coupled to an Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer) at the Center for Microanalysis of Materials, University of Illinois (partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant DEFG02-91-ER45439). The instrument allows one to measure the elemental composition of individual microscopic areas of a sample, in this case the cross section of single dendrite broken off the crystal. It showed a ratio of silicon and carbon consistent with silicon carbide on the inside of the dendrite, with a small component of oxygen found on the surface (and no doubt responsible for the bluish film).
Although this very sophisticated instrument allowed a definitive determination of what the crystal actually is, verifying that it is not bismuth requires no special tools: It doesn't melt. Native bismuth in this form would have been quite remarkable, as no such material is known to exist. But the fact that it's not bismuth in no way detracts from the fact that it's very attractive! It is one of the more beautiful crystals in my collection, and I really could care less where it's from.
Source: eBay seller 4jdk
Composition: SiC
This is another silicon carbide crystal sold on eBay as bismuth. I'm not sure why people think it's bismuth or sell it as such. The physical properties are really completely different. But anyway, it's a very pretty crystal, man-made no doubt, probably as industrial waste from iron foundry work (silicon carbide forms in iron cupolas in a reaction between coke and silica firebricks). This one is from China and came with a lovely lacquered wood stand.
Source: eBay seller birago123456
Baby rattle.
Some things you don't expect to see again. This is a baby rattle that I cut on an improvised lathe in my grandfather's workshop in his cabin in the Swiss alps over 20 years ago. I've though about it regularly ever since, and it never occurred to me, not once, not in the vaguest sense, that I would ever lay eyes on it again.
Price: Priceless
Composition: C(H2O)
Pine tree.
See baby rattle above for the story behind this object.
Historical graphite.
This (hopefully!) is a genuine chunk of graphite from the nuclear reactor that housed the first sustained nuclear chain reaction ever created by the hand of man, on December 2nd, 1942 under the squash courts at the University of Chicago.
Reader Stephen Key, a dealer in historical radioactive artifacts, sends this confirmation of the item: "I can assure you that it is indeed genuine. I have the same one, except on mine one of the long sides it has "Argonne National Laboratory" printed on it. Later I saw the same exact item being sold on eBay, but this one came with
the original box and label describing the item and signed by the "Dean". It was mentioned these were made to commemorate or celebrate the 25th anniversary of the event."
Source: eBay seller mrmavica
Rubber penguin from Oliver Sacks.
This little rubber penguin was given to my daughter by Oliver Sacks to keep her entertained during a visit in 2003. Here's a picture of them from his 70th birthday bash:
It's not really an element sample, I just wanted a place to post that picture.
Shockingly, I had this sample cataloged as a duck for years until reader Robert Anderson's eleven year old son pointed out the error. Just goes to show you should never believe anything you read on the internet.
Source: Oliver Sacks
Contributor: Oliver Sacks
Acquired: 8 July, 2003
Composition: CHO
Invar block.
Invar is an alloy of primarily iron (64%) and nickel (36%), known for is unusually low coefficient of thermal expansion. This makes it useful for precision instruments and measuring devices that should as much as possible remain the same size and shape at all times. This block would be excellent for smashing such a precision instrument into a tangle mess of broken gears and dials. It weighs about 13 pounds and appears to have been roughly cut with a large band saw.
Source: eBay seller boss1
Composition: FeNiCCr
This sample exists basically because my assistant Nick was borrowing a new camera, a Canon 40D, and needed something to do a test rotation of. Apparently a dead fly was to hand, so rather than work on our backlog of samples waiting to be photographed, he decided to spend half an hour photographing it.
The 360 spin video of this is really quite nice: You can see a lot of macro photographs of insects, but how many macro-rotations have you seen lately? Other than on this website, they are few and far between. The detail is pretty amazing: This shot was taking with a 10 megapixel Canon 40D using a Canon 65mm 1X-5X super macro lens, one of the finest available for objects down to about 1/4" across. And we've got 359 more of them, each as sharp and detailed as this one, just from different angles.
Source: Nick Mann
Contributor: Nick Mann
Island In A Bottle.
This lovely, tiny little island scene came from a little shop in New Harmony, Indiana, a former utopian community that turned to tourism after failing at the utopia business. Being made of glass, wood, and various other organic materials, it contains silicon, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, plus some minor elements in the pigments.
Source: New Harmony
Text Updated: 3 December, 2007
Composition: SiO2+C(H2O)
Electromagnetic Sensor.
Ah, this brings back memories. I made this thing some time in high school: It's supposed to be a general purpose "microphone" for electric or magnetic fields or vibrating metal parts. I turned the handle on a little toy wood lathe, and got a coil of fine wire from a small electric motor. Behind the coil are a couple of permanent magnets from Radio Shack. If you connect it (using the RCA jack at the base of the handle) to an audio amplifier you can actually hear things when you hold it near something that's producing oscillating fields (e.g. a speaker, electric appliance, etc). The idea behind the permanent magnets is to make it work with any vibrating metal, not just electrically-active objects, but that part never really worked as well as I'd hoped.
Text Updated: 23 December, 2007
Composition: CuFe+C(H2O)
Custom Elemental Hexagon Cards.
This is a lovely little deck of Elemental Hexagon Cards. They are intended for divination purposes similar to the way you would use Tarot cards. A skilled and sensitive interpreter can tell you a lot about yourself using a deck of cards. Or a box of tea leaves or an old rubber tire, so why not element cards? They are pretty and inventive: This is a "custom" deck, meaning you get to choose the color and backgrounds. See the next sample for the mass-produced version. You can get them here.
Source: Calyxa
Acquired: 8 March, 2008
Elemental Hexagon Cards.
This is a lovely little deck of Elemental Hexagon Cards. They are intended for divination purposes similar to the way you would use Tarot cards. A skilled and sensitive interpreter can tell you a lot about yourself using a deck of cards. Or a box of tea leaves or an old rubber tire, so why not element cards? They are pretty and inventive: This is a mass-produced version printed on standard playing card paper. See the previous sample for a custom-printed version. You can get them here.
Fancy chocolate tin.
This chocolate tin is a sign of the beginning of the end of good chocolate. It's a tin of Hershey's dark chocolate advertised as 65% cocoa. Promoting chocolate on the basis of its percentage of cocoa is an increasingly common marketing tactic, marred only by the fact that beyond about 50% more cocoa means worse chocolate. 99% chocolate, which is actually available, is basically impossible to eat.
The force at work here is snobbery, and the need for something that tastes really bad to base the snobbery on. (Things that actually taste good are of no use to snobs, because anyone can appreciate them.)
The same force is responsible for vast amounts of perfectly good grape juice being allowed to go sour and become wine. Basically, when you get right down to it, wine does not taste very good. But you can't show off how sophisticated you are by appreciating fine grape juice because pretty much everyone likes it. It tastes good. Wine, on the other hand, tastes bad, so if you go around claiming that you appreciate it at some higher level, and can in even tell the difference between minutely different varieties of it, you can appear refined and sophisticated to the naive who have not yet learned to pretend to like it.
Chocolate used to be about tasting good: In this regard milk chocolate is obviously superior. Now all sorts of people turn their nose up at milk chocolate and sniff that they only consume fine dark chocolate. No less than 80% cocoa please. If you ask why they would want to eat that bitter crap suitable only for baking or mixing with milk to make an edible confection, they start talking about fruity aromas and what year the cocoa beans were harvested. Get the picture? They are chocolate snobs who, exactly like wine snobs, actually don't much like the stuff either, but prefer artificial superiority to genuine enjoyment.
It's a sad day when this attitude infects even Hershey's, long the bastion of low-brow but good-tasting milk chocolate. How long will it be before there are whole stored dedicated to inedible dark chocolate sorted by vintage, while those seeking the simple pleasure of good chocolate have to turn to the back isles of the grocery store, next to the grape juice?
Source: Grocery Store
Cicada killer.
Another bug donated by my assistant Nick. Look at the size of the stinger on that thing! I'm not much of a bug expert but my understanding is that these things kill and eat cicadas: I'm not sure what happens if they turn on you.
Text Updated: 27 September, 2008
Jet Lignite.
Lignite var. Jet (Gagate, Giaietto), Ucraina. In reality not a mineral, but a significative example for the C, with a value because used in gemmology. 3,1x2x2 cm; 4 g.
Aurichalcite.
Aurichalcite ( (Zn Cu+2)5 (CO3)2 (OH)6 orth.), Mapimi`, Mexico. Inclusions on Calcite. 2,5x2,5x1,5 cm; 12 g with box.
Composition: (ZnCu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Azurite (Cu+23 (CO3)2 (OH)2 mon.), La Sal, Utah, USA. Blue crystal cluster. 1,7x1,5x1,1 cm; 4 g.
Composition: Cu+23(CO3)2(OH)2
Azurite (Cu+23 (CO3)2 (OH)2 mon.), Ajo, Pima Co., Arizona, USA. Well definited crystals on matrix. 1,8x1,5x1 cm; 8 g.
Magnesite.
Magnesite (Mg CO3 trig.), Steiermark, Austria. White botryoidal masses. 2,5x1,8x1,5 cm; 12 g with box.
Composition: MgCO3
Bismuthite.
Bismuthite (Bi2 (CO3) O2 tet.), Beresovsk, Urals, Russia. Prismatic, elongated, light green crystals as alteration on bismuth sulphosalts, associated with very small Gold masses. 4x2,5x2,5 cm; 33 g.
Composition: Bi2(CO3)O2
Aragonite.
Aragonite (Ca CO3 orth.), Molina de Aragon, Guadalajara, Spagna. Perfect, geminated, green and purple large crystal. 5x5x3,3 cm; 132 g.
Composition: CaCO3
Calcite.
Calcite (Ca CO3 trig.), Pinzgau, Austria. Classic crystal clusters. 2,5x1,8x1,5 cm; 11 g with box.
Siderite.
Siderite (Fe+2 CO3 trig.), Bad Ems, Germany. Cleavaged masses, typic. 3,6x2x2 cm the bigger; 36 g all.
Composition: FeCO3
Magnesite (Mg CO3 trig.), Sierra de los Brumado, Bahia, Brazil. Very nice crystals cluster with Tourmaline Uvite. 3x2,5x2,5 cm; 16 g.
Rhodochrosite (Mn+2 CO3 trig.), Pachapaqui, Ancash, Peru. Nice pink crystal clusters. 4x4x2 cm; 40 g.
Malachite.
Malachite (Cu+22 (CO3) (OH)2 mon.), Germany. Acicular crystals on limonitic matrix. 2,5x1,5x1,2 cm; 12 g with box.
Composition: Cu+22(CO3)(OH)2
Smithsonite.
Smithsonite (Zn CO3 trig.), Monroe Co., USA. Botryoidal, translucent crystals on matrix. 1,5x1,5x1 cm; 9 g with box.
Graphite (C hex.), Ceylon. Crystalline, flat, angular on the edges, extremely lustrous. 8x5x0,8 cm; 50 g.
Soda-lime glass Medallion.
I made this medallion for an article in my Popular Science column, using a charcoal grill to melt the ingredients (silica sand, washing soda and limestone) together into soda-lime glass. Once melted I pressed the glass (darkened by ashes from the fire) into a graphite mold I had machined and heated in the fire.
Composition: SiO2+Na2CO3+CaCO3
Strontianite.
Strontianite (Sr CO3 orth.), Germany. Crystalline mass. 2,5x2x1,5 cm; 15 g with box.
Composition: SrCO3
Bastnasite from Jensan Set.
This sample represents lanthanum in the "The Grand Tour of the Periodic Table" mineral collection from Jensan Scientifics. Visit my page about element collecting for a general description, or see photographs of all the samples from the set in a periodic table layout or with bigger pictures in numerical order.
Composition: (La,Ce)[F,CO3]
Photo Card Deck of the Elements.
In late 2006 I published a photo periodic table and it's been selling well enough to encourage me to make new products. This one is a particularly neat one: A complete card deck of the elements with one big five-inch (12.7cm) square card for every element. If you like this site and all the pictures on it, you'll love this card deck. And of course if you're wondering what pays for all the pictures and the internet bandwidth to let you look at them, the answer is people buying my posters and cards decks. Hint hint.
Composition: HHeLiBeBCNOFNeNaMg AlSiPSClArKCaScTiVCrMn FeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr RbSrYZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAg CdInSnSbTeIXeCsBaLaCePr NdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTm YbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTl PbBiPoAtRnFrRaAcThPaUNp PuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRf DbSgBhHsMtDsRgUubUutUuq UupUuhUusUuo
3D Lenticular Periodic Table Puzzle.
In late 2006 I published a photo periodic table and it's been selling well enough to encourage me to make new products. This is a 3D lenticular (stereo image) periodic table that's been cut up into puzzle pieces and put into a really nice glossy box. I have to admit it's not my favorite periodic table product: The pieces are a little hard to put together. But people seem to like it. Check out my poster page to read about (and buy!) the puzzle and other periodic table products.
Ankerite.
Ankerite (Ca (Fe+2 Mg Mn) (CO3)2 trig.), Laubuseschbach, Taunus, Germany. Brown crystal cluster on the same matrix. 3x2x1,8 cm; 15 g.
Composition: Ca(FeMgMn)(CO3)2
Cerussite (Pb CO3 orth.), Tsumeb, Namibia. Nice transparent crystal cluster. 3x2,5x1,5 cm; 15 g.
Cerussite (Pb CO3 orth.), S. Lauret Le Minieur, France. Translucent crystals on matrix. 2,5x2x1,5 cm; 10 g with box.
Dolomite.
Dolomite (Ca Mg (CO3)2 trig.), Ramsbeck, Germany. Rombohedral crystal aggregates. 3x2,5x1 cm; 11 g with box.
Composition: CaMg(CO3)2
Cerussite (Pb CO3 orth.), Laurion, Grecia. White acicular crystals on vugs. 3,5x2,5x2 cm; 20 g with box.
Crocoite And Cr-Cerussite.
Crocoite and Cr-cerussite (Pb Cr O4 mon. ; Pb CO3 with Cr orth.), Dundas, Tasmania, Australia. Small, distinct orange Crocoite crystals with yellowish Cromecerussite on matrix, very rich in Cr this example! 6,5x2,5x1,5 cm; 20 g.
Composition: PbCrO4 +PbCO3(Cr)
Smithsonite (Zn CO3 trig.), Laurion, Grecia. Light green botryoidal, from old Cu Pb Zn deposit. 6,5x6x2 cm; 48 g.
Burned Barbie doll (with glasses).
This Barbie (TM) brand doll head is meant for kids to practice hair dressing on: It's about 3/4 life size. Unfortunately this Barbie decided to play with fireworks and had a bad day. Fortunately, she was wearing her safety glasses, and while she may spend some time in the hospital, she's going to be fine, her eyes intact and undamaged.
You don't have to imagine what her fate would have been if she'd failed to ware safety glasses, just check out the next sample.
Source: Walmart
Text Updated: 8 February, 2009
Burned Barbie doll (no glasses).
This Barbie (TM) brand doll head was very foolish. She, like her sister featured in the previous sample, had a bad day playing with fireworks. But unlike her sister, she failed to ware safety glasses and as a result will now spend the rest of her life blind in both eyes.
Everyone learn from foolish Barbie: WEAR SAFETY GLASSES when working with dangerous chemicals, especially if there is a team making a safety video in the area.
Holey limestone.
This is "holey limestone" from Texas. Not to be confused with "holy rock".
Source: eBay seller endo80
Halothane vaporizer.
Halothane is C2HBrClF3, basically a chlorofluorocarbon of the ozone-depleting variety. But surprisingly, it's also a very widely used surgical anesthetic. This vaporizer is used for administering the gas to patients and has controls for carefully adjusting the dose.
Source: eBay seller i_sell_tech
Composition: C2HBrClF3
Pretty seashell.
This pretty example of calcium carbonate was made by some kind of seashell making sea creature and washed up on a beach in Florida, I think.
Source: Florida
Bacon Lance.
No comment. Yet.
Composition: CHONaCl
Very beautiful and rare Hawaiian coral, traded for a poster and some nickel and copper nodules. This is the information that came with it:
Hawaiian Precious 'Pink Beauty' Coral
Precious coral has been for centuries prized by the people in Japan-third in value after gold and silver-because of its fine dense quality, its exquisite colors, and because it always has been associated with 'good luck,' and for several hundred years, expert craftsmen in several coral centers of Japan have been fashioning such precious coral of various shades and colors into fine pieces of jewelry-ornaments for Obi Clasps, kanzashi (ornamental hair pins), and more recently into rings, pendants, necklaces, and brooches This precious coral is completely different from black coral. Whereas black coral is merely an organic compound, precious coral is a calcium carbonate crystal commonly known as calcite, and is composed of hard skeletons of certain marine organism and grows very slowly, possibly at a rate of approximately one inch every 200 years, and in Hawaii occurs in colors from a salmon red, dark pink, pink, pale pink to snow white. 'Angel Skin' is the term commonly applied to the dark pink and medium pink shades.
The precious coral you have in your hand is a representation from only several hundred pounds of which were harvested from a depth of 1200 to 1500 feet (the length of 4 to 5 football fields) in the Molokai Channel, only a 'stones throw' from the Makapuu Lighthouse on the island of Oahu and is therefore genuinely Hawwaiin. The 'ground' which was discovered by University of Hawaii scientists in the fall of 1966 is so far the only known production area in the island chain, and several attempts to locate other grounds in the waters of the Hawaiian Islands have been unsuccessful. Precious Coral-the prefect gift and souvenir of Hawaii-from Hawaii-buff it, polish it, fashion it into jewelry of your own design, or just save it as a memento of your prefect Hawaii vacation.
Source: John Posey
Crude Oil.
Very hard to get considering how much of the stuff trades hands every day. Just try to buy less than a shipload of it. This is semi-sweet crude from the Frontier Formation in Riverton, Wyoming, and dates to the late Cretaceous, about 65 million years ago. The "sweetness" of crude refers to its sulfur content: The "light sweet crude" you hear about on the news whenever its price is particularly extreme is low-sulfur, low-viscosity crude considered particularly disarable for refining into gasoline.
It actually does taste sweet, I'm told by people who probably haven't tasted it either.
Source: eBay seller quartzpegmatite
Composition: CH2
Siderite (Fe+2 CO3 trig.), Bad Ems, Germany. Cleavaged masses, typic. 3,6x2x2 cm the bigger; 36 g.
Sphalerite With Siderite.
Sample of Sphalerite With Siderite.
Source: eBay seller minclassixx
Composition: (Zn,Fe)(S,Ge) + FeCO3
Dragonfly.
Another in the line of dead insects supplied by my assistant Nick, behold this magnificent dragonfly. As with the previous fly and cicada killer contributions, all these insects died a natural death: No bugs were harmed in the creation of this website.
Silicon Carbide crystals.
Vapor deposited single crystals of silicon carbide, circa 1976.
Contributor: Ethan Currens
Davy Lamp.
An antique "Davy lamp", named after Sir Humphry Davy and used by miners before the invention of electric lights. The wire mesh, against all odds, prevents the flame from igniting flammable gases surrounding the lamp in a mine.
Source: eBay seller curiodream100
Composition: CuZnCH
Aragonite (Ca CO3 orth.), Salzburg, Austria. Transparent elongated crystals on matrix. 2,5x1,5x1 cm; 8 g with box.
Azurite and Malachite.
Azurite and Malachite (Cu+23 (CO3)2 (OH)2 mon. ; Cu+22 (CO3) (OH)2 mon.), Brixlegg, Tyrol, Austria. Nice, from an historic alpine mine. 2,2x1,5x1 cm; 10 g with box.
Composition: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2+Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Distorted crystal. (External Sample)
This strange object is native (naturally occurring) graphite from Roger's Ford, Mt. Burgess, Canada, acquired by the Harvard Museum of Natural History in 1927.
Location: The Harvard Museum of Natural History
Photographed: 2 October, 2002
Crystal in matrix. (External Sample)
The arrow points to a diamond crystal. This sample was found in the Lena River near Mirnyt, Yakut Autonomous Republic, Russia, acquired by the Harvard Museum of Natural History in 1987.
Carbon, Illinois. (External Sample)
Something makes me think this tower is seriously mislabeled: I bet there is very little carbon in there. In case you miss the water tower, they have a sign on the road too:
Location: Carbon, Illinois
Size: 5 miles
Real diamond. (External Sample)
According to the data sheet, this diamond is 6.5mm in diameter, weighs 1.05 carets, and is VS2 clarity, G color. Apparently that makes it worth $14,000, or at least that's the size of the check I had to leave with the very kind and helpful jeweler when I borrowed it for an afternoon. I admit it is rather nice, but is it really 10,000 times nicer than a 10mm cubic zirconia, which costs about $1.40? Personally, for that kind of money, I think I'd rather have my sparklies by the bucket full. (Actually, that's not a fair comparison because $1.40 is a wholesale price. But it's a lot easier to buy CZ at wholesale prices than it is to buy a diamond that way, or even find out what the wholesale price of the diamond is. The diamond trade knows very well that their livelihood depends on keeping prices artificially high, so they protect their margins fiercely.)
The main difference I can see is that the real diamond shows more flashes of color, and of course it's harder. If you see dust on the surface, it's not for lack of trying. After getting prior approval from the jeweler, I cleaned it with Windex, steam, and alcohol. It got better, but when things are that small and that brightly illuminated, it's really hard to keep dust from settling back on them during the course of photography (which takes half an hour in my 360-degree rotational setup).
After this trashing of the value of diamonds, I would like to thank Christopher and Nate at Christopher's Fine Jewelry in Champaign, Illinois for letting me borrow this very fine diamond. I'm sure if money is no object, it would be a very nice thing to keep locked up in a safe deposit box where you never get to see it.
I chose this sample to represent its element in my Photographic Periodic Table Poster. The sample photograph includes text exactly as it appears in the poster, which you are encouraged to buy a copy of.
Location: Christopher's Fine Jewelry
Photographed: 12 January, 2006


Mortgage lending standards continued to ease across all types of loans in the third quarter, according to Fannie Mae's most recent Mortgage Lender Sentiment Survey.
Though they're on the fence about the benefits for themselves, most lenders surveyed agreed that both changes would be advantageous to consumers. In fact, 76 percent believe that expanding 97-percent LTV loan products will be good for homebuyers, and another 81 percent believe the MIP reduction will be beneficial, too.
In a review of its November survey of senior mortgage executives, Li-Ning Huang, Fannie Mae found that though respondents are concerned about compliance issues and weak borrower demand, most are still optimistic about the year ahead, particularly when it comes to their growth plans.
In a follow-up piece on the company's inaugural Mortgage Lender Sentiment Survey, Li-Ning Huang, senior manager of Economic and Strategic Research at Fannie Mae, found that most of the lenders surveyed don't plan to change their current strategy in response to January's regulatory changes, with 46 percent saying they plan to "wait and see" what happens in the market before acting.


Uniek in Nederland, de nieuwe DSI synthesizer in rack module. Verwachte levering verkoopmodellen 3e week april.
The Prophet '08 Synthesizer Module is a tabletop "knobby" module with all of the features and controls of the Prophet '08 Keyboard (minus the keyboard, of course) in an even more compact enclosure. With real analog oscillators, famed Curtis low-pass filters, and analog VCAs, the Prophet '08 is capable of reproducing the familiar sounds of its legendary predecessors. But modern features like a greatly expanded modulation matrix and additional modulation sources like three envelopes and four LFOs per voice take it way beyond the vintage gear and make this a worthy and unique addition to the Prophet family tree.
Features include a gated 16 x 4 step sequencer, arpeggiator, split or stacked key modes with separate stereo outputs per layer, and rack ears for optional rack-mounting. The Prophet '08 module can also be used as an expander to increase the polyphony of another Prophet '8 keyboard or module to 16 voices.
The only affordable, full-featured polysynth with a 100% analog signal path.
Classic, real analog sound, including legendary Curtis analog low-pass filters, married to a modern feature set.
Tons of knobs for direct, real-time editing and performance.
Used as an expander, increases polyphony of another Prophet '08 to 16 voices.