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Clinical profile of acute pancreatitis in children and adolescents from a single center in Northern India
Nida Mirza1, Sagar Mehta2, Karunesh Kumar2, Smita Malhotra2, Anupam Sibal2
1 Department of Pediatrics, SAIMS, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
2 Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
Date of Acceptance 30-Sep-2022
Nida Mirza
504, Pearl Palms, Indore, Madhya Pradesh
Introduction: There has been an increase in incidence of pancreatitis in children all over the world; studies in developed countries shown multiple etiological factors such as drugs, infections, trauma, anatomic abnormalities, and/or genetic pancreatitis in children; however, there are sparse data from the developing countries. This study was undertaken to determine the characteristics of Indian children with acute pancreatitis (AP), mainly the clinical features, etiology, complication, association, genetic factors, and outcome and recurrence.
Methods: We performed a retrospective study of all patients under the age of 18 years, who had a final diagnosis of pancreatitis admitted at our center between 2017 and 2019.
Results: During the 3-year period from 2017 to 2019, 40 patients were admitted at our center with AP. We found a definite etiology in 62.5% cases of patients, which were broadly grouped into seven etiologies: structural, genetic, drug induced, concurrent illness, cholelithiasis related, metabolic, and autoimmune. Recurrence of acute episodes was noted in 13 patients (32.5%). Of these, 11 were found to have a genetic mutation, underlying structural abnormality, or concurrent illness. In our study, we found that 23 patients (57.5%) had mild AP, while 14 patients (35%) had moderately severe pancreatitis; however, 3 patients (7.5%) had severe AP.
Discussion: We found that most cases of pancreatitis in children were of mild severity, and the etiology was quite different than adults, and most cases of acute recurrent pancreatitis have a definite etiology of either genetic mutation or structural anomaly.
Keywords: Acute pancreatitis, pancreatitis, recurrent pancreatitis
Mirza N, Mehta S, Kumar K, Malhotra S, Sibal A. Clinical profile of acute pancreatitis in children and adolescents from a single center in Northern India. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2023;28:35-40
Mirza N, Mehta S, Kumar K, Malhotra S, Sibal A. Clinical profile of acute pancreatitis in children and adolescents from a single center in Northern India. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg [serial online] 2023 [cited 2023 Feb 2];28:35-40. Available from: https://www.jiaps.com/text.asp?2023/28/1/35/363423
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas, diagnosed by abdominal pain, elevations of serum pancreatic enzymes, and radiological changes in pancreas. Pancreatitis may cause mild-to-severe degrees of injury to the pancreas, peripancreatic area, and other organs of human body. AP, which is reversible, is characterized by edema of the interstitium, inflammatory cell infiltration with varying degrees of necrosis, apoptosis, and hemorrhage;[1] previously, pancreatitis was considered rare among children; however, over the past two decades, there has been an increased incidence of pancreatitis in children over the world.[2],[3] The cause of increased incidence is considered more awareness of pancreatitis among pediatricians and easy access of lipase testing in developed countries;[4],[5],[6],[7],[8],[9],[10] however, there are sparse data regarding the etiology, natural history, and complication of pancreatitis in children, especially from the developing countries. In India, only few studies on childhood AP were done.[11],[12] This study was undertaken to determine the characteristics of Indian children with AP, mainly the clinical features, etiology, complication, association, genetic factors, and outcome
We performed a retrospective study of all patients under the age of 18 years, who had a final diagnosis of pancreatitis (first episode) admitted at our center between 2017 and 2019. Ethical clearance to conduct the study was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Inclusion criteria included the patients below 18 years of age and with a diagnosis of AP according to the INSPPIRE (International Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In Search for a Cure), that is least 2 of the following: (1) abdominal pain compatible with AP, (2) serum amylase and/or lipase ≥3 times upper limits of normal (reference ranges: amylase 20-90 U/L, lipase 10-45 U/L), and (3) imaging findings consistent with AP.[13] ARP was considered two or more episodes of AP with intervening return to baseline: complete resolution of pain (=1 month pain-free interval) or complete normalization of pancreatic enzymes levels with resolution of pain (can be shorter interval than 1 month).[13] Using a standardized data collection form history, points were collected, which include gender, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), medical history, medications, and family history, and clinical examination findings, biochemical laboratory, exome sequencing (for genetic causes), and radiological investigations were collected, which include serum transaminase, lipase level, amylase level, total bilirubin level, triglyceride level, serum cholesterol, ultrasound results, computed tomography (CT) results, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography results. Severity, etiology, and complication of pancreatitis were stated based on clinical and investigation findings; recurrent episodes were noted, and patients were characterized as acute and acute recurrent pancreatitis. Severity of pancreatitis is defined by revised Atlanta classification as mild, moderately severe, and severely acute. Mild AP is defined by no organ failure, no local or systemic complications, and usually resolves in the 1st week. Moderately severe AP is defined by the presence of transient organ failure (<48 h), local complications, or exacerbation of comorbid disease. Severe AP is defined by persistent organ failure (>48 h). Local complications are peripancreatic fluid collections, pancreatic and peripancreatic necrosis (sterile or infected), pseudocyst, and walled-off necrosis (sterile or infected). We did genetic sequencing (next generation sequencing) in all cases of ARP, except in those who had pancreaticobiliary structural anomaly leading to recurrent pancreatitis. Statistics were calculated using SPSS 25 IBM SPSS 25 Software, Chicago, U.S.A.
During the 3-year period, 40 patients (males – 62.5%) were admitted at our center with AP. The mean age of patients was 9.3 years (range: 1–17 years). The median number of patients diagnosed in this study was 13/year. The association between gender and severity of AP was not significant (P = 0.116). Positive family history of pancreatitis was found in only one child out of 40 patients. The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain (90%), followed by vomiting and fever. Jaundice was present in three children (7.5%), and all of these were diagnosed with choledochal cyst (CDC). The mean duration of symptoms before admission to hospital was 3.23 days. On abdominal examination, epigastric tenderness was present in 55% of patients, while others had diffuse tenderness. Twenty percent of patients had mild abdominal distension on clinical examination. The radiological features of pancreatitis were detected in 28 patients (70%) by transabdominal ultrasonography. The most common finding was bulky and edematous pancreas. The mean duration of hospital stay was 8.3 days. The mean duration of stay in hospital was higher in moderately severe and severe group compared to those with mild AP, but it was not statistically significant (P = 0.08). In our study, we found that 23 patients (57.5%) had mild AP, while 14 (35%) had moderately severe pancreatitis; however, 3 (7.5%) had severe AP. We found a definite etiology in 25 patients (62.5%), which were broadly grouped into seven etiologies: structural, genetic, drug induced, concurrent illness, cholelithiasis related, metabolic, and autoimmune. However, in 15 patients (37.5%), we did not find any cause and labeled them as idiopathic [Table 1].
Table 1: Etiologies of acute pancreatitis in 40 children
There were six patients with a structural abnormality, which included five with CDC and a child with pancreatic duct anomaly. All the cases were mild in severity. All the patients of CDC underwent surgical correction. Two children from this group had recurrence; one child with corrected CDC had abnormal pancreaticobiliary union (APBU), while the other child with pancreatic duct anomaly was found to have PRSS1 mutation on genetic testing. Four patients (10%) of AP were drug induced in our study. We found chemotherapy agent L-asparaginase in three and valproate in one as causative agents.
Seven children (17.5%) had concurrent illness [Table 2] that included hematological malignancy (lymphoma and leukemia) (n = 3), steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (nephrotic syndrome) (n = 3), and one patient with Laurence-Moon-Biedl (LMB) syndrome. Most patients had mild AP (n = 5) in this group, while a child with SDNS had severe AP and later succumbed during the hospital stay of 5 days. On the other hand, the mean duration of stay in children who survived was 7.8 days. Multiple recurrences were observed in two children with SDNS and also in a case of LMB syndrome during the study. Interestingly, on evaluation of recurrent AP, we found PRSS1 mutation in one child with SDNS. With respect to three children with nephrotic syndrome, the median age was 15 years, and all of them were obese (BMI >2 z-score).
Table 2: Result genetic mutation analysis
Cholelithiasis was a causative factor of AP in one patient, who presented with mild AP. This child was obese (BMI >2 z-score) without any history of gall stones. We found metabolic cause in a young girl child having recurrent pancreatitis. On NGS, a heterozygous mutation in MUT gene (methylmalonic acidemia) was detected.
One girl was diagnosed with IgG4-related autoimmune pancreatitis. She presented with mild abdominal pain and jaundice; on investigation, she was found to have elevated serum IgG4 and responded very well to corticosteroid treatment, thus confirmed the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis type 1.
Fifteen children with AP were classified in idiopathic group. The median lipase level was 2470, and the median age was 14 years. Severity of AP was mild in six, moderately severe in seven, and severe AP in two patients. Identifiable recurrence of AP was documented in two patients. We did not find any genetic etiology on NGS in these patients. Hypertriglyceridemia, hypercalcemia, and hyperparathyroidism were not found associated with AP in our study.
Recurrence of acute episodes was noted in 13 patients (32.5%). Of these, 11 were found to have a genetic mutation, underlying structural abnormality, or concurrent illness. In this group, definite genetic mutation was found in six (46.2%) patients, while two had nephrotic syndrome, one had LMB syndrome, one had choledochal cyst with pancreaticobiliary junction anomaly, one had suspected methylmalonic acidemia (heterozygous mutation in MUT gene), and two were idiopathic.
On CT scan examination, necrotizing pancreatitis was seen in nine patients (22.5%), and vessel thrombosis (in splenic and/or portal vein) was noted in five (12.5%) patients. Local complications were acute pancreatic fluid collection in eight (20%) and acute necrotic collection in three (7.5%) patients initially, and later, pseudocyst developed in two patients (5%) and walled-off pancreatic necrosis in three patients (7.5%) on follow-up. The complications were self-limiting in most of the patients. A 12-year girl with idiopathic AP developed a large walled-off necrosis (WON) that formed pseudoaneurysm of a pancreaticoduodenal artery. She needed angiographic embolization which was uneventful. Mortality was observed in one patient (2.5%) of acute case with concurrent SDNS, who presented with SAP and multiple organ dysfunctions.
We found genetic mutations in six patients with ARP-PRSS1 (n = 2), SPINK1 (n = 2), CFTR (n = 1), and SPINK with PRSS1 (n = 1) mutation. Among the identifiable mutations in our study, PRSS1 and SPINK1 mutations were already reported, while CFTR was the novel variant mutations [Table 3]. Interestingly, PRSS1 mutation was detected in two patients with other suspected etiological factors (n = 2); of these, one had pancreatic duct anomaly and another had steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.
Table 3: Mild acute pancreatitis versus moderately severe and severely acute pancreatitis: First acute pancreatitis episode characteristics (data presented as mean values)
In this study, we have described etiology, clinical feature, and recurrence in children diagnosed as AP at our center. Various studies from all over the world have identified increasing incidence of AP in children. An Indian study has shown an increasing trend in number of AP cases in children in India.[12] We diagnosed 13 patients of AP per year (median), which is comparable to a recent retrospective study.[14] Increasing awareness among pediatrician and improved diagnostic availability may be the reason for this. AP is seen across all age groups. The mean age of patients in our study was comparable to a recent Turkish study.[15] We had most cases presenting in the older age group (>11 years) that also saw higher number of SAP and idiopathic cases, which is similar to other studies[16] [Table 4].
Table 4: Etiologies and severity of acute pancreatitis age wise
According to the INSPPIRE criteria, pediatric AP is diagnosed on the basis of abdominal pain, elevated serum pancreatic enzymes (>3 × ULN), and radiological evidence. As expected, acute abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom in our series. Other reported symptoms include nausea and vomiting (40%–80%), abdominal distension, and fever (20%–30%), while jaundice, ascites, abdominal mass, and pleural effusion are infrequent, which is comparable to other studies done in children and adolescents.[16] In our study, jaundice was seen as presenting feature in three children with AP who had underlying CDC. The most common examination finding was epigastric tenderness (55%).
The length of stay, when compared to mild cases, was higher in children with moderate and severe AP, which is similar to a study conducted in Bangladesh. However, unlike this study, we did not find any statistical significance between severities of AP with LOS.[17]
The utility of ultrasonography in detecting AP is well documented in the literature. Antunes et al. reported nearly 80% sensitivity of USG;[18] in our series, we found features indicating AP in 70% of patients.
The etiologies of childhood AP are diverse in nature.[12],[14],[19] Idiopathic or undiagnosed patients constitute a major burden in the management of childhood AP. The list of genetic causes AP is ever growing; there still remains a larger section of idiopathic cases. In our series, we found a cause of AP in 65% of patients. The proportion of undiagnosed cases in this series (35%) is comparable to recent studies,[20],[21] but lower than other Indian studies.[12],[14] This proportion was higher in children >11 years of age. We found structural anomalies (CDC and PD anomaly) in 17.5% of our patients; and most of these presented in early childhood. This number is significantly higher than previous studies.[12],[20],[21] Chemotherapeutic agent PEG-asparaginase and valproic acid were identifiable causative agents as reported in the literature.[12],[21] Cholelithiasis-related AP was not a frequent finding in this study that is in contrast to previous reports.[12],[15],[21] Certain known etiologies such as infections, trauma, and hypertriglyceridemia were not found in our series. Trauma is a common cause of pediatric AP; however, there was no history of trauma and suggestive clinical signs in our patients, may be due to as our hospital is not having a trauma center. Infective causes of AP in children are many; the presentation includes fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy in addition to other clinical features of AP. Since these were not present, we did not investigate for additional infectious agent. A recent study highlighted hypertriglyceridemia as infrequent cause of childhood AP.[22] The mortality of our study (2.5%) was comparable to previous reports in children.[12] There is a scarcity of Indian data on recurrence after initial episode of AP in children. In a previous Indian study, it stressed on the importance of follow-up of AP and ARP cases to look for progression to chronic pancreatitis (CP).[23] Various studies have documented varying proportion of ARP cases. An Indian study reported 44% recurrence of AP, but most cases remained undiagnosed.[16] Similarly, underlying genetic predisposition was identified in about 1/3rd of cases in an Italian study.[24] In our study, 32.5% (13 cases) had a recurrence after an acute episode, of which 46.2% had genetic predisposition, one had metabolic disease (suspected methylmalonic acidemia), one had LMB syndrome, one had structural abnormality (CDC with APBU), two had SDNS, and two were undiagnosed. A case was previously reported[25] described a case of MMA with recurrent episodes of AP which transitioned into CP. Interestingly, one undiagnosed case had positive family history of pancreatitis in father. Two cases had co-existing genetic predisposition in addition to earlier mentioned etiologies; one child had SDNS with PRSS1 mutation, while another case had pancreatic duct anomaly with PRSS1 mutation. Our study describes that the most children with recurrences of AP have an identifiable underlying predisposition, which is in contrast to a recent Indian study.[12]
We tried to determine the underlying predisposing factors of AP and ARP in our cases. In the present study, structural, drug induced, hematological malignancies, and concurrent illness were the causative factors of AP, while known genetic mutation was a predisposing factor for ARP.
Unlike adults, pediatric AP is a complex disorder with multiple etiologies. Genetic predisposition and structural anomalies should be actively sought after in cases with positive family history, recurrences, and idiopathic cases.
The limitation of this study is its retrospective nature and small number of patients. Follow-up of many patients was incomplete to document episodes of recurrences and future course.
Bradley EL 3rd. A clinically based classification system for acute pancreatitis. Summary of the international symposium on acute pancreatitis, Atlanta, GA, September 11 through 13, 1992. Arch Surg 1993;128:586-90.
Morinville VD, Barmada MM, Lowe ME. Increasing incidence of acute pancreatitis at an American pediatric tertiary care center: Is greater awareness among physicians responsible? Pancreas 2010;39:5-8.
Pant C, Deshpande A, Sferra TJ, Gilroy R, Olyaee M. Emergency department visits for acute pancreatitis in children: Results from the nationwide emergency department sample 2006-2011. J Investig Med 2015;63:646-8.
Lopez MJ. The changing incidence of acute pancreatitis in children: A single-institution perspective. J Pediatr 2002;140:622-4.
Nydegger A, Heine RG, Ranuh R, Gegati-Levy R, Crameri J, Oliver MR. Changing incidence of acute pancreatitis: 10-year experience at the royal children's hospital, Melbourne. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;22:1313-6.
Restrepo R, Hagerott HE, Kulkarni S, Yasrebi M, Lee EY. Acute pancreatitis in pediatric patients: Demographics, etiology, and diagnostic imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016;206:632-44.
Fradin K, Racine AD, Belamarich PF. Obesity and symptomatic cholelithiasis in childhood: Epidemiologic and case-control evidence for a strong relation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014;58:102-6.
Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999-2010. JAMA 2012;307:483-90.
Koebnick C, Smith N, Black MH, Porter AH, Richie BA, Hudson S, et al. Pediatric obesity and gallstone disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2012;55:328-33.
Park A, Latif SU, Shah AU, Tian J, Werlin S, Hsiao A, et al. Changing referral trends of acute pancreatitis in children: A 12-year single-center analysis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009;49:316-22.
Das S, Arora NK, Gupta DK, Gupta AK, Mathur P, Ahuja A. Pancreatic diseases in children in a North Indian referral hospital. Indian Pediatr 2004;41:704-11.
Poddar U, Yachha SK, Borkar V, Srivastava A, Kumar S. A report of 320 cases of childhood pancreatitis: Increasing incidence, etiologic categorization, dynamics, severity assessment, and outcome. Pancreas 2017;46:110-5.
Morinville VD, Husain SZ, Bai H, Barth B, Alhosh R, Durie PR, et al. Definitions of pediatric pancreatitis and survey of present clinical practices. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2012;55:261-5.
Vepakomma D. Pediatric pancreatitis: Outcomes and current understanding. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2020;25:22-7.
Sağ E, Kaya G, Bahat-Özdoğan E, Karahan SC, İmamoğlu M, Sarıhan H, et al. Acute pancreatitis in children: A single center experience over ten years. Turk J Pediatr 2018;60:153-8.
Sathiyasekaran M, Biradar V, Ramaswamy G, Srinivas S, Ashish B, Sumathi B, et al. Pancreatitis in children. Indian J Pediatr 2016;83:1459-72.
Musabbir N, Karim AB, Mazumder MW, Sultana K, Anwar SA, Haque MA, et al. Clinical profile of acute pancreatitis in children in a tertiary level hospital of Bangladesh. Bangladesh J Child Health 2017 29;40:160-5.
Antunes H, Nascimento J, Mesquita A, Correia-Pinto J. Acute pancreatitis in children: A tertiary hospital report. Scand J Gastroenterol 2014;49:642-7.
Hammad AY, Ditillo M, Castanon L. Pancreatitis. Surg Clin North Am 2018;98:895-913.
Lautz TB, Chin AC, Radhakrishnan J. Acute pancreatitis in children: Spectrum of disease and predictors of severity. J Pediatr Surg 2011;46:1144-9.
Majbar AA, Cusick E, Johnson P, Lynn RM, Hunt LP, Shield JP. Incidence and clinical associations of childhood acute pancreatitis. Pediatrics 2016;138:e20161198.
Randall MM, McDaniels S, Kyle K, Michael M, Giacopuzzi J, Brown LA. Pancreatitis in pre-adolescent children: A 10 year experience in the pediatric emergency department. BMC Emerg Med 2019;19:71.
Poddar U, Yachha SK, Borkar V, Srivastava A. Is acute recurrent pancreatitis in children a precursor of chronic pancreatitis? A long-term follow-up study of 93 cases. Dig Liver Dis 2017;49:796-801.
Lucidi V, Alghisi F, Dall'Oglio L, D'Apice MR, Monti L, De Angelis P, et al. The etiology of acute recurrent pancreatitis in children: A challenge for pediatricians. Pancreas 2011;40:517-21
Marquard J, El Scheich T, Klee D, Schmitt M, Meissner T, Mayatepek E, et al. Chronic pancreatitis in branched-chain organic acidurias – A case of methylmalonic aciduria and an overview of the literature. Eur J Pediatr 2011;170:241-5.
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3], [Table 4]
Mirza N
Mehta S
Kumar K
Malhotra S
Sibal A
recurrent pancreatitis
Article Tables
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Pushing Through To The Finish Line Reviewed by Admin on May 31, 2014 .
A half Ironman is a 1.2-mile swim, a 56-mile bike ride and 13.1-mile run, totaling to 70.3 miles.
Currently, Kimberly Thompson is training for her third half marathon. She is using her passion to help her cope when things were hard and to inspire others.
Thompson said she trains at least twice a day to stay in shape for all of her events.
Monday thru Friday, Thompson works at Illuminate Gym where she teaches indoor cycling and Tabata, plus she is a personal trainer. Monday and Wednesday she is a college professor at Central Texas College during the evening hours, teaching three classes, back-to-back and Tuesday and Thursday evening, she teaches cycling classes at Lion's Park.
Thompson left for college at Winthrop University as a size 16.
"I remember back in high school, crying because of the size of my prom dress," Thompson said. "We had a gym in our dorm at college. I would go down and ride the bike and I started to enjoy it. So instead of gaining the freshman 15, I lost 30 pounds my freshman year.
Moving to Central Texas from South Carolina as a military wife, she continued with her first triathlon season and worked as a coach at Texas Tumblers in Harker Heights.
Four years ago, 2010 was a year of challenges for Thompson. She used the training and triathlons to help cope with her life situations.
Later that same year Thompson's grandmother passed away. Life was spiraling for Thompson, everything was changing. Training for the races helped her to cope and focus.
A lot of the training and actually participating in an event requires controlling your body and mind.
Training for the half Ironman includes having to sacrifice certain aspects of normal life.
Thompson hopes to be a professional triathelete one day.
She also strives to be a good role model for others.


Niacin is a vitamin B3 which the body needs to keep cells functioning properly. Niacin is involved in energy metabolism as it is part of the process of reducing/oxidizing coenzymes, metabolizing amino acids, and is also used in detoxification reactions for drugs and other substances. Niacin is also used in the therapy process for several conditions.
A lack of niacin can result in a disease known as pellagra. Pellagra has been a problem for most of human history and would strike people who ate a diet consisting almost entirely of corn products. These diets would lead to niacin deficiency which causes symptoms such as diarrhea, inflamed mucous membranes, skin sores, weakness, irritability and mental delusions.
Niacin is a colorless, water-soluble derivative or pyridine. The carboxyl group in niacin is found at the 3-position and there are a number of forms of niacin. These are nicotinic acid (pyridine-3-carboxylic acid) and nicotinamide (nicotinic acid amide), but there are other derivatives that also show the biological activity of nicotinamide including inositol hexanicotinate.
Because of their same biochemical activity niacin, vitamin B3, nicotinic acid, and nicotinamide are terms that are used interchangeably. The human body converts nicotinic acid and nicotinamide into NAD and NADP. These are coenzymes that are used by the body for a number of different oxidation-reduction redox reactions, which are used to keep you energized as well as many other important functions.
NAD is needed for DNA synthesis and is also a part of giving proteins the chemical components they need. These transfers can be catalyzed by PARPs (Poly-ADP-Ribose-Polymerases) which regulate the transfer of ADP-ribose from NADs to proteins. Research is still being conducted into how niacin and PARPs function and how they are involved in health and disease.
There are plenty of helpful benefits in the body that occur as a result of taking niacin. Niacin is especially helpful at metabolizing cholesterol and lipoproteins. There is plenty of evidence to suggest that niacin improves lipid profiles and that it can reduce vascular disease, making it an effective part of the treatment process for cardiovascular disease.
There is also plenty of evidence to show that niacin is able to lower triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins (LDL/"bad cholesterol") and improve levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL/"good cholesterol"), as well as an effect on plaque and thickness of arterial walls. Niacin is also able to reduce the concentration of plasma in lipoprotein A, which can slow down the development of coronary heart disease.
Many of the changes mentioned above happen in the liver and have an effect on how the liver handles cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipoprotein metabolism. Niacin prevents the liver enzyme that synthesizes triglycerides which lead to lower levels of triglycerides. Niacin also reduces levels of the beta-chain of ATP, another liver chemical that prevents HDL from being broken down and leads to higher levels of HDL.
Some studies have shown that niacin has several non-lipoprotein mediated effects including affect the progression and risk levels of atherosclerosis. As well as the favorable benefits relating to lipoproteins it's also been shown that niacin displays anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages, adipocytes, and vascular endothelium.
Niacin also prevents the production of cytokines that lead to cholesterol building up and lining the arterial walls. Preventing the vessel wall from being infiltrated by immune cells also prevents atherogenesis caused by a lack of lipid levels.
Updated: Nov 16, 2016 by Sarah Gonzales. Bookmark the permalink.
Nicotinic acid was first synthesized in 1867 and it was created by oxidizing nicotine. It was then isolated by the Polish-American biochemist Casimir Funk in 1912.
Did you know that the benefits of Vitamin B3 include protection against heart disease, heightened energy levels, and better sleep? Niacin B3 is a jack of all trades.
The most common niacin side effect is flushing. This is when the dermal blood vessels are left heated and red due to vasodilation. It also causes a burning and tingling sensation.
These days you'll be hard pressed to find a case of niacin deficiency in a developed country. It mostly only affects people living in poverty or people suffering from alcoholism and malnutrition.
There are several different forms of niacin including tablets, capsules, and extended release versions of these tablets and capsules. Always take niacin as directed, sometimes with a low-fat snack at bedtime.
It's a good idea not to rely on supplements and instead get all your niacin needs from foods. Here is a list of everyday foods that are rich in niacin (vitamin B3).


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Home / Aerosmith / Dexy's Midnight Runners / Europe / John Cougar Mellancamp / Journey / Laura Branigan / Michael Jackson / Music / Oak Ridge Boys / Playlist / Richard Marx / Steve Perry / Tommy Tutone / Toto / Ultimate 80s Playlist / Ultimate 80s Girl Names Playlist
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Ultimate 80s Girl Names Playlist
Jason Gross November 23, 2011
T-shirt layers, leg warmers, spandex shorts, stone-washed denim, high top sneakers...those '80s girls really knew how to turn heads and steal hearts. So much so, that some songwriters felt the need to express their affection for their gal pals through their music. With many to choose from, I've found my "sweet sixteen" 80s songs that feature names of girls. Slide your sunglasses down your nose and take a long look at these totally awesome girl tunes featured in the Ultimate 80s Girl Names Playlist....
Starship "Sara" (1985)
Fresh off legal proceedings and a name change, Starship had back-to-back #1 hits in the US with "We Built This City" and "Sara" in 1985-86. It was sung by Mickey Thomas and named for his wife at the time.
Toto "Rosanna" (1982)
Although "Rosanna" never reached #1 in the US (peaked at #2 for 5 consecutive weeks,) Toto received a Grammy award for Record of the Year in 1983.
Steve Perry "Oh Sherrie" (1984)
Written for his then girlfriend Sherrie Swafford, it was Perry's biggest hit as a solo artist reaching #3 in the US. It's been mistaken labeled as a Journey song because its sound and that it was released while Perry was still with the band. Co-writer Bill Cuomo, who performed the keyboard melody, is also know for riff performed on Kim Carnes' hit "Bette Davis Eyes."
Ready For The World "Oh Sheila" (1985)
The first of 2 top ten hits in the US, the song features spoken words at the beginning in what sounds like an Australian accent. A "sheila" in Australian slang is a woman or girl.
Aerosmith "Janie's Got A Gun" (1989)
Originally titled "Danny's Got A Gun" after a friend of Steven Tyler, the song did not perform well on the charts reaching only #61 in the US. However, the music video was very popular and earned the band its first 2 MTV VMAs and also its first Grammy in 1991. the video is highly regarded at one of the top 100 ever made.
Europe "Carrie" (1987)
After reaching the top ten with "The Final Countdown" in 1986, this power ballad made it all the way to #3 in the US. (Man, I sound like Casey Kasem) Early versions consisted only of keyboards and vocals.
Michael Jackson "Billie Jean" (1983)
#1 on the US charts for seven weeks, it was a large contributing factor for making the album Thriller the best selling album of all time. It also produced two of Jackson's record of eight Grammy awards in 1983. Jackson explained on numerous occasions that he based the song on "groupies" he encountered while he was with the Jackson 5.
Oak Ridge Boys "Elvira" (1981)
(Yes, I did just purposefully include a country song on this playlist.) This crossover hit peaked at #5 on the US mainstream charts and forever instilled us with the lyrics "ba-oom papa oom papa oom papa mow mow." The song was actually a cover tune,originally written and released by Dallas Frazier in 1966.
Boston "Amanda" (1986)
The only #1 hit for Boston stayed atop the charts for two weeks in 1986. One of the rare 80s songs that reached #1 with no music video being produced.
Richard Marx "Angelia" (1989)
He proved he was one of the great balladeers of the late 80s with this song reaching #4 on the US charts. I'm not ashamed to say that the first real concert I ever attended was when my mom asked me to go see Richard Marx on his Repeat Offender tour. Laugh all you want, but Marx was the first recording artist to have his first seven singles reach the top 5 on the US charts.
John Cougar Mellancamp "Jack & Diane" (1982)
Written in part about his own life experiences, "Jack & Diane" became the most popular couple in America for 4 weeks on the US charts. I made a connection this song as a kid because my hometown in PA had a Tastee-Freez. Although, I preferred pizzaburgers to chili dogs.
Dexy's Midnight Runners "Come On Eileen" (1983)One of the most celebrated one hit wonders of the 80s, this song managed to knock "Billie Jean" off its seven week perch atop the charts in 1983. Although the very next week, Michael Jackson would then replace it with "Beat It."
Laura Branigan "Gloria" (1982)
Originally written and recorded in Italian, Branigan's English version reached #2 on the US charts and also became an top ten hit in 7 other countries. It would stay on the US charts for 36 consecutive weeks, breaking a record at the time for a female recording artist.
Tommy Tutone "867-5309 (Jenny)" (1981)
Another celebrated one hit wonder, "Jenny" would peak at #4 on the US charts and cause everyone in America to attempt to call the number. Band members have given conflicting stories of whether the girl or phone number was real. Either way, it's still used in pop culture, tv shows, and video game cheat codes until this day.
Elton John "Nikita" (1985)
Sir Elton's crush on an East German borderguard (you can be the judge of the gender) vaulted this song to #7 on the US charts. George Michael contributed the backup vocals.
Steve Winwood "Valerie" (1982 & 1987)
The "King of the 5 Minute Song" as I like to call him, Winwood benefitted from a re-release on this single. The song made it only to #70 on the US charts in '82, but a remixed version was included on his Chronicles compilation album and charted all the way into the top ten in '87.
#Aerosmith #Dexy's Midnight Runners #Europe #John Cougar Mellancamp #Journey #Laura Branigan #Michael Jackson #Music #Oak Ridge Boys #Playlist #Richard Marx #Steve Perry #Tommy Tutone #Toto #Ultimate 80s Playlist
Ultimate 80s Playlist

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Bc if he did hire a hitting coach quickly, that would be him admitting that hes wrong and all us armchair assistants are right.
That is not even remotely true. CPM doesnt give two shits about what you think.
The proposal, which goes to a national vote later this month and includes an additional full-time softball assistant, received yet another devastating blow this week, as several Big 12 Conference athletic directors and administrators — including those from Texas, Texas Tech and Oklahoma — voted 'no' on the proposal, which puts the Big 12's approval in doubt with the lone NCAA vote for later this month being a faculty representative hailing from West Virginia, which also voted against the proposal. Only four athletic directors voted 'yes' — Baylor, Kansas, Kansas State and TCU. And of those, Kansas State and TCU don't have softball.
They need 31 points to pass. Without B10 and B12 they have 35 or 36, so depending on if everyone else says yes, then it should pass.
Baseball is a results-oriented business, and while the SEC, ACC and potentially the Pac 12 remain poised to vote 'yes' on the proposal, the Big 12 joins the Big Ten as a league that likely will vote against the measure later this month.
That vote would be the death knell for adding a third full-time coach in college baseball.
Thanks, the article doesn't explain that & makes it seem as if it has no chance of passing.
If you are on Twitter, follow Kendall Rogers. He explained it very well in much detail yesterday I believe.
He would hire one IMHO.
At some point if they aren't going to change the numbers you have to wonder if it's worth using up a spot on a recruiter.. I mean at that point, wouldn't it be more practical to just make the recruiter the HC and then have both pitching and hitting coaches..
Idk, I'm not here to knock on CPM though.
I don't buy all of this shite as an excuse. We had Dunn and cannizarro. Quit hiring former players that don't have any coaching experience and maybe we will get somewhere. But no Paul has to hire his buddies like les and O have done.
When a sport has 4 very important coaching positions(HC, hitting, pitching, recruiting) but only allows three of them to be paid, then it's vitally important that your head coach also fills the role of one of those other positions and does it very well.
The way college baseball is now, you can't have a figurehead, CPM, CEO, Dabo Swinney type, as your head coach. You have to have a specialist that is also a good program manager.
"Had"?? We still have Dunn.
I think the Rant fired him after yesterday's game.
I'll explain his use of "had" since you can't interpret.


In the case of Venkatesh Premises Co-operative Society, the Supreme Court (SC) provided a big relief to co-operative societies by dismissing the claim of the income tax (IT) authorities to levy tax on various receipts such as non-occupancy charges, transfer charges, common amenity fund charges and certain other charges on the grounds of principle of mutuality. The fact that the receipts are in excess of the limits prescribed by the state government does not mean that the societies have rendered services for profit and are subject to tax.
The apex court observed that the doctrine of mutuality is based on common law principles that a person cannot profit from self. Therefore, the amount received from self cannot be considered as income and, accordingly, taxed.
Section 2(24(vii) of the IT Act, 1961, defines taxable income in a specific condition. It states that the business income of co-operative societies is taxable under Section 2(24)(vii) of the IT Act and stands excluded from the principles of mutuality.
The essence of the principle of mutuality is in the commonality of contributors and participants who are also the beneficiaries. The contributors to the common fund must be entitled to participate in the surplus and the participators in the surplus are contributors to common fund.
Participants do not have property right to common fund nor can they sell their share of common fund. Cessation of membership results in loss of right to participation in common fund without receiving financial benefit.
Any amount left over as surplus at the end of the financial year after meeting maintenance and other common charges constitutes surplus fund of the society to be used for the common benefit of members and to meet heavy repairs and other contingencies. It does not attain the character of profit or commerciality so as to attract tax.
Non-occupancy charges and transfer fees are considered non-taxable under the principles of doctrine of mutuality. Non-occupancy charges are payable by a member who does not occupy the premises but lets it out to a third person. The charges are again utilized for the common benefit of members.
Once a person is admitted as member, the members form a class. The identity of the individual member is irrelevant. Thus, the principle of mutuality is automatically attracted. The receipt essentially is from a member. Part of it may have been paid by the transferee is irrelevant as, ultimately, the amount is utilized for the mutual benefit of the members including the fresh member.
Premium receipts by a housing society to allow a member to construct using extra floor space (FSI) index is also not taxable on principles of mutuality as the receipts are utilized by the society for maintenance and infrastructure including to defray the extra burden on account of the additional FSI constructed.
Fresh construction by a society to utilize the extra FSI available, with grant of occupancy rights only to member who may have had to pay more as membership fees than an existing member, too, does not detract from the principle of mutuality as the contribution is ultimately used for the maintenance, repairs and facilities to members in the society including the additional construction. There cannot be bifurcation between the receipts and costs as non-mutual to deny exemption to the extent paid by the new members to qualify.


text:
LACMA Announces New Art + Technology Lab Grant Winners
American Artist and Lawrence Lek are among the recipients for LACMA's 2021 Art + Technology Lab grants and Hyperallergic got a sneak peek.
by Lauren Moya Ford July 14, 2021 July 14, 2021
Lawrence Lek, "Temple OST," installation at 180 the Strand, London (image courtesy Sadie Coles HQ, photo by Jack Hems)
The Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) has announced the recipients of its 2021 Art + Technology Lab grants, an annual series of prizes that extends monetary and in-kind support for artistic projects that push the boundaries of emerging technologies. Selected from over 900 submissions, this year's winners include projects that explore nonbinary gender through virtual reality, sound and interactive gaming, nonhuman intelligence via video gaming technology, and science fiction and rocket science.
LACMA has funded over 40 Art + Tech projects by artists from around the globe since 2013. The awards are modeled after the museum's original Art and Technology program, which paired Southern Californian artists and technology companies from 1967 to 1971. Today, the Art + Tech grantees gain the support of an advisory board whose members include Hyundai, SpaceX, Google, and others.
This year's winners include Lukas Avedaño, EYIBRA (Abraham Brody), NNUX (Ana Lopez), and Oswaldo Erreve. Their project "MUXX" is inspired by the muxes of the Zapotec people in Mexico. Muxes represent "an identity that has existed for thousands of years, surviving colonization and forced christianization," Brody wrote in an email to Hyperallergic. "It is an identity (along with nonbinary and third gender from cultures across the globe) that has existed since the beginning of time." The artist trio will combine performance, virtual reality, and 3D video to explore the importance of nonbinary and third gender identities in indigenous communities and in communities of color.
Jacqueline Kiyomi Gork, "the input of this machine is the power an output contains," 2021. From Made in L.A. 2020: a version. Installation view, Hammer Museum, Los Angeles. Photo: Joshua White
Jaqueline Kiyomi Gork and Rhett LaRue's project "Inhabit360" will use sound as the primary media for navigating a multiplayer game space. "Sound in interactive media is typically an afterthought, designed around the existing visuals to supplement and elevate game play," Gork and LaRue noted over email. "Rather than focus on using sound for its immersive effects, we are interested in the ways it makes you attuned to your internal self." Their project aims to use sound as a catalyst for mining the user's desires and "internal, somatic motivation."
Lawrence Lek's "Death Drive" will use video game technology to create an interactive road movie about ideas of empathy and autonomy related to the non-human other. "The fictional figure of the alien/monster/robot symbolizes a social and political fear of unknown groups of radicalized beings," Lek said in an email to Hyperallergic. "Rather than dealing with the nonhuman as a simplistic binary, as a threat or as a victim, I'm interested in exploring ideas of empathy and connection — particularly how humans and non-humans can share similar psychological mechanisms."
The final grantee project is "Collective Head" by American Artist. The project will pull research from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory to build a machine in the form of a rocket motor test that is inspired by the science fiction writer Octavia E. Butler and America's Second Great Migration.
The works will be presented on a rolling basis at various venues and will start to appear online this winter.
Check Out the Innovative Winners of LACMA's Art + Technology Grant
An Artist Investigates the Effects of Technological Obsolescence
A Virtual Ballroom Experience, Hosted by Rashaad Newsome
Tagged: American Artist, California, Lawrence Lek, Los Angeles, Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art (LACMA), Technology
Lauren Moya Ford
Lauren Moya Ford is a writer and artist. Her writing has appeared in Apollo, Artsy, Atlas Obscura, Flash Art, Frieze, Glasstire, Mousse Magazine, and other publications. More by Lauren Moya Ford


Winter is coming. You know it.
Well, it depends on your personal situation. To help you out find the perfect unit right now, I've put together a comprehensive comparison (with reviews!) of the top units on the market. There's also a Top 3 section for each kind of heater out there.
What you should know before buying a unit.
If you're looking for an industrial-strength garage heater that can be used with either natural gas or propane, then you will love the Hot Dawg from Modine.
First of all, this is a highly reputable company, meaning that you can trust that you're getting the best parts and materials. Secondly, you will be impressed by how well it can heat your garage.
What I like most about the Hot Dawg is it's quiet and efficient performance.
It can operate all day long, and it will never get irritating, and it won't waste a lot of energy. In fact, this model is 80% efficient when producing heat, which is remarkable when you compare it to other natural gas heaters.
The other thing that I appreciate is the installation process. Unless you are really inexperienced at installing these kinds of things, you should be able to do it yourself without much trouble.
I would suggest hiring a pro to inspect the unit afterward to ensure that you didn't mess anything up, but that will still be a lot cheaper than hiring someone to hook it up for you.
The only downside to the Hot Dawg is that it's almost too strong. As such, the price tag is higher than most commercial or residential models, and it won't work unless you have sufficient space.
While you can connect it to a thermostat to help regulate the temperature, it's better when you have more room for it to work.
Otherwise, things will heat up super fast.
Next, we have a directional heater that uses a high-powered blower to distribute the heat evenly. This model is perfect if you need to keep a particular area hotter than others, or if you want a portable model that is also super powerful.
What I like about this heater is that it works quickly. You can feel the effects after just a few minutes, thanks to the directional system. Surprisingly, it works on an area of up to 1,350 square feet.
I was worried that it wouldn't spread the heat that well, but it does so much better than I expected.
The downside of this heater is that it's loud. The blower is much more intense than most heaters, so you will have to get used to it. Also, it can be a safety hazard if you don't keep it out of the way, as the surface can get quite hot after a while.
Thankfully, it does have some built-in safety features.
First, if it gets knocked over, then it will shut off automatically. Also, if it overheats, it will turn off so that it can cool down.
I also appreciate that it comes with an adjustable stand so that you can have some variety in how you position it.
The Fahrenheat Industrial Electric delivers consistent heat to the garage or anywhere else you might find yourself needing a little extra warmth.
Instead of taking up precious floor space with your unit, simply attach this Fahrenheat unit to the ceiling via the included mounting bracket and open up your floor space once again.
This heater works best when mounted in a corner to provide even hearing to your entire area.
By using the adjustable downdraft on the front of the heater, you can point the warm air anywhere that you'd like it to go. Whether you want direct heat over one section of your garage or need even heat throughout, you can customize your heating to get the temperature comfort that you need.
This heater warms up to 400 square feet, which gives you plenty of space to putter around without leaving the heating zone.
With a powerful combination of radiant and convection heating, the portable Big Buddy gives you the best warming option for your space.
You can adjust the heat levels with an intuitive settings control to meet the temperature needs of even the bitterest winter days.
The Big Buddy has a diminute size that makes it a cinch to tote around your workspace or from place to place.
With an integrated easy-carry handle and cord bays for external components, this unit is self-contained and simple to maneuver.
Safety features built right in.
In an effort to protect you and your property, the Big Buddy has integrated safety features that keep it from causing and fire or gas related problems. An automatic low oxygen shutoff monitors the air and turns the machine off when oxygen levels are too low. And an accidental tip-over safety shut off powers the device down if it's tipped or knocked over.
For those of you who don't need a massive heater like the Hot Dawg, you may prefer a more subdued model like this one from Cadet.
Dubbed "The Hot One," this machine is perfect for most small spaces. It works well as an area heater, and it can sufficiently warm a garage up to 600 feet.
The portability and control panel for this heater is its best qualities. It comes with a thermostat dial so that you can adjust the temperature between 40-85 degrees.
It will also wait until the unit is sufficiently heated before activating the fan, which is a nice touch. It has three modes: on, off, and auto, which makes it even more suitable for area heating.
What I don't like about the Hot One is that it doesn't come with a carrying handle.
So, if you have to move it while it's on, you will need to put on oven mitts or something as the shell can get scalding after a while.
Also, if it overheats, you need to reset it manually by triggering the button on the side.
The only way to do this is with something small and pointy, so be prepared to try sticking a sharp pencil or something into it. Just wait until it's cooled off a bit before you do anything.
Overall, this heater is excellent for most small, one-car garages, and it will be a good addition to places that don't need a ton of heat on a regular basis.
Also, you will need a 20-amp outlet, so be sure to check your electrical capabilities before turning this thing on. Since it uses 5000 watts, it can blow your breaker really easily.
Obviously one of the most important considerations for choosing your garage heater is what type of heater you want in your space. Do you have a large space that needs consistent heating each day? Or are you working in a smaller garage and only a few hours each weekend?
Thinking through these questions will guide your decision process to help you settle on a heater to suit your needs. Whether you plan to use it often or infrequently, as well as your unique garage setup, will dramatically impact your heater choice.
A forced air heater works by blasting hot air into a space to provide warmth inside. This type of heater can be powered by electricity or gas, depending on your heater type and home setup.
Gas units are cheaper to operate than electric ones are, though electric units are generally a little easier to install. Additionally, you often need to check for local guidelines and have a professional install your gas unit to keep things on the legal side.
Pros of forced air heat.
Cons of forced air heat.
Radiant heaters use strong reflectors harness infrared heat and direct it outward and into your garage. These heaters provide steady warmth and are best mounted out of the way to keep from accidentally bumping into them.
Convection heating works similarly to the average oven - by utilizing a hidden heating element or small flame to warm air inside of the unit, which rises naturally and escapes the unit to warm the room. Convection units are typically cheaper and portable, though higher end mounted models are available.
Do you want to have the freedom to move your heater or have it stationary in one location? Your mobility choice will influence whether you can keep your heater in a single spot or take it with you from workstation to workstation.
Mounted units attach to the garage ceiling or wall and offer consistent heat from one location. Often, they have adjustable temperature settings and down events to give you heat where you need it most.
Portable heaters offer exactly what you think they might - portability. Generally, these electric units plug right into the wall of your workspace and can be transported from location to location.Gas powered portable heaters do exist, though they often aren't rated for use indoors - obviously, the above-mentioned Dyna-Glo RMC-FA40DGD is an exception to that rule.
The type of power that you choose depends both on personal preference and your home fuel setup.
Most propane units are tied directly into your home's gas line, to utilize the gas power you already have there. Some portable units can be powered with small, portable propane tanks, but typically this is a cost-ineffective way to fuel them.
Natural gas powered heaters also tap right into your home's natural gas line to draw their energy. Over time, these units are cost effective, since they utilize a small amount of a utility that you already pay for.
Obviously with such a potentially dangerous device as a garage heater, safety must be a top concern. When choosing a garage heater, consider the safety features that each unit has to offer.
If the heater is accidentally tipped or otherwise falls over, the tip-over switch shuts off the unit immediately.
This keeps heating elements from accidentally contacting material that they should not or any broken components from causing improper function of the heater itself.
Cool touch is just as it sounds - a heater that is cool to touch. Instead of having exposed heating elements or a body that runs super hot during operation, a cool touch heater can be brushed against or run into without causing burns or other injury.
Does your home have propane or natural gas?
How often do you use your workspace?
Is physical square footage an issue?
How cold are your winters?
Electric heaters are safe if they count with tip over switch, overhead protection and cooltouch, but as "risky" as any other electricalpiece of equipment. You must follow the traditional safety measures you would do for any other such item.
Propane garage heaters are safe if they are designed for indoors and count with an exhaust line properly installed. You should not use an outdoors propane heater inside your garage.
How big a garage heater do I need?
Majority of manufacturers will give you a good estimate of how many sq feet is the garage heater able to heat properly. You need to know how big is your garage first. For the average 2-car garage, 5000w or 60k BTU should do.
How do I install a garage heater vent?
Check this fantastic video to see a complete step-by-step installation of a gas heater.
When comparing all of these heaters, I have to say that my top pick is the Hot Dawg from Modine. I love the fact that it's got industrial-strength performance and that it's easy to install (relatively speaking).
Plus, it's quieter and more efficient than the competition.
Overall, the Hot Dawg is more powerful and more reliable than almost anything else we've seen.


text:
Q: Java parse a string into double How do I parse this Double in string "00034800" into a Double value? The last 2 digits are actually decimal point, so the result I am looking for is 348.00. Is there a such format I can use with Decimal Format?

A: Java Double has a constructor that takes a String.
You can do:
 Double d = new Double("00034800");

And then
 double myval = d.doubleValue() / 100.0;

A: Well...
String s = "00034800";
double d = Double.parseDouble(s) / 100.0;
System.out.println(new DecimalFormat("0.00").format(d));

A: you can parse it as
    double d = Double.parseDouble("00034800") / 100;

and print it as
System.out.printf("%.2f", d);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


It received mostly positive reviews and Lively's performance was praised by critics.
Gosling was filming filming in New York before her fashion thing in Paris.
5.6.2.2 Filtering By Class of Device (COD) This menu allows you to filter the displayed devices by their COD.
Här har Arnold samlat kultföremål och praktiska udda redskap från sina många resor.
Julie blogs about her personal experience with leukemia and life from a patient's perspective. She is a race walker, a dog lover, and a dedicated #bearcam watcher. I'm 32, I'm decent looking, I have a job I enjoy and family and friends I love.
Walking the course before the event is a chance for the rider to walk the lines he or she will have to ride, in order to decide how many strides the horse will need to take between each jump and from which angle.
Using an AJAX callback on a form submit doesn't call the validate functions by default and means that form values can be submitted and saved without being confirmed as valid.


Author's Perspective: For years I thought that fat was bad, so I avoided it like the plague.
In fact, many of the experts in the fields of medicine and nutrition believed that fat was bad for us. That led to all of the low-fat and low-cholesterol diets during the 1970s - 1990s. Unfortunately, many of those low fat diets of the past 30-40 years actually made us fatter, and created the diabetes epidemic of today!
As most experts finally discovered, the human body requires fat in order for us to be healthy. The key is to eat the right types of fats, e.g. plant oils and wild animal fats instead of conventional animal fats and processed fats.
Eating the right types of fat will help to stabilize your blood sugar and reverse your diabetes naturally.
Fat is a main component of the structure of our cells, especially the cell membranes and the nervous system. If you were to remove all fat from your body, you will die instantly.
So, don't think about fat as a harmful substance unless you are thinking about highly processed fats. These fats cause several major health problems, including heart disease, obesity, diabetes, and cancer.
However, fats in their natural state and consumed in moderate amounts as part of a balanced diet, are beneficial to your overall health and immune system.
Note: Low-fat diets reduce the absorption of these vitamins!
In fact, eating healthy fats and oils can actually help to reverse Type 2 diabetes naturally!
Olive Oil: When we have fats in our diet like MUFAs, they not only fill us up but keep cholesterol levels lower. Olive oil is great for light sauteing, using in dressings, or drizzling over cooked meats or vegetables as a finishing oil. One tablespoon (tbsp) offers 119 calories and 13.5 g of fat, only 2 g of which are saturated fat, according to the USDA.
Avocado: Though technically a fruit, avocados offer a rich source of heart-healthy monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). They're also packed with fiber to bolster digestive health. One-half of an avocado contains 161 calories, 2 grams (g) of protein, 15 g of fat, 9 g of total carbs, and 7 g of fiber (bringing it to 2 g of net carbs), according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Avocado Oil: Like olive oil, avocado oil is rich in anti-inflammatory MUFAs, but the benefit to using avocado oil is that it stands up to high-heat cooking due to a smoke point of 500 degrees F. According to the USDA, 1 tbsp of avocado oil has 124 calories, 14 g of fat, and 0 g of carbohydrates.
Omega-3 EFAs: contains both docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Omega-3 fatty acids are essential nutrients that are important in preventing and managing heart disease.
Omega-3 fatty acids may help to: lower blood pressure, reduce triglycerides, slow the development of plaque in the arteries, reduce the chance of abnormal heart rhythm, and, reduce the likelihood of heart attack and stroke.
The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends that everyone eats fish (particularly fatty, cold-water fish) at least twice a week. Wild salmon, mackerel, herring, sardines, lake trout, and tuna are especially high in Omega-3 fatty acids.
If you have heart disease or high triglyceride levels, you may need even more omega-3 fatty acids. Ask your doctor if you should take higher doses of fish oil supplements to get the omega-3s you need.
Nuts and Nut Butter: Nuts may offer unsaturated fats, but they also contain carbs, so look at the label to calculate exactly what you're getting. As an example, 1 tbsp of almond butter has 98 calories, 3 g of protein, 9 g of fat, 3 g of total carbs, and about 1.5 g of fiber (equaling about 1.5 g of net carbs), per the USDA. And, the USDA also notes, a 1-ounce (oz) serving of almonds (23 almonds) has 164 calories, 6 g of protein, 14 g of fat, 6 g of carbohydrates, and 3.5 g of fiber (totaling about 2.5 g net carbs).
Chia Seeds and Flaxseed: These seeds offer Omega-3 fatty acids, which will improve the ratio of omega-6s to 3s you consume, which some research suggests optimizes health. For example, an article published in September 2016 in the journal Open Heart cited research that linked consuming more omega-3s and fewer omega-6s (which are high in Western diets) to a lower risk of insulin resistance — the hallmark of Type 2 diabetes — and obesity, among other protective health benefits.
The USDA says 1 oz of chia seeds has 138 calories, 5 g of protein, 9 g of fat, 12 g of carbs, and a whopping 10 g of fiber (so only 2 net carbs). And also according to the USDA, 1 tbsp of ground flaxseed has 37 calories, 1 g of protein, 3 g of fat, 2 g of carbs, and 2 g of fiber (basically 0 net carbs). Just be sure to grind your own flaxseed to avoid rancid oil and so that your body can absorb their Omega-3s.
Note: Although hard to find, raw butter is actually a healthy (saturated) fat. That's raw butter -- not organic butter. Organic butter is still pasteurized. Also, unprocessed cod liver oil is healthy for you -- again, not the traditional cod liver oil such as Carlson's cod liver oil, which is heated and overly-processed, destroying its nutrients.
Various industrial chemicals and highly toxic solvents are used in the manufacture and processing of vegetable oils. These chemicals increase cell inflammation, oxidative stress and toxicity within your cells -- precursors to diseases such as heart disease, cancer, Type 2 diabetes, and autoimmune diseases.
Vegetable oils convert to seriously damaged breakdown products that have been linked to heart disease and neurological disorders. These include the fatty acid-derived toxin 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE).
Many studies have linked HNE consumption to increased risks for cardiovascular disease, stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, liver problems and cancer.
Researchers explain that HNE's toxicity stems from the fact that it reacts extremely energetically with biomolecules once it is absorbed into the body by way of food. Also, it reacts with the various kinds of amino groups--proteins, DNA, RNA--affecting basic cellular processes.
Based on these findings, a spokeswoman for the American Dietetic Association recommended that if a person is worried about the health aspects of HNE, they should refrain from heating any oil to the point of smoking and should never reuse the same oil when cooking at home.
One of the most important recommendations, however, would be to avoid eating fried foods at restaurants, as there are no industry-wide rules that govern the choice and maintenance of cooking oils used in restaurants.
Note: Concerning saturated fat from animals, the best saturated fat comes from animals in the wild or animals raised without antibiotics and growth hormones, e.g. free-range chickens, deer, bison, organic beef. An excellent source of saturated fat is extra virgin cold-pressed coconut oil.
There is a lot of confusion about what oils to use for cooking. One of the reasons for this is that most people assume that just because an oil is healthy in its raw form, then, that oil must be healthy for cooking. But, that's not true!
Also, all oils have different compositions and smoke points, so oils are a lot more different than you think. Each oil has a unique ratio of saturated fat (SF) to monounsaturated fat (MUFA) to polyunsaturated fat (PUFA).
This ratio determines whether the oil is a solid or a liquid, how well it can withstand high temperatures, and what effects it will have on your body.
1. Check for the processing method: Choose "cold-pressed" and/or "expeller-pressed" when possible.
These terms refer to the way the oil was processed. Cold-pressed oils are pressed at low temperatures, which means they retain all the flavors, aromas, and nutrients that would otherwise be destroyed by heat. Expeller-pressing is another clean way of producing oil: It means that oil was extracted mechanically (i.e., good old-fashioned squeezing) instead of chemically.
2. Check for the oil's smoke point: Choose a higher smoke point for high-heat cooking such as deep-frying.
The smoke point is the temperature at which oils start to break down, lose nutrients, and develop off flavors. You'll know it's happening if the oil is letting off wisps of smoke.
Some oils have higher smoke points, so they're better for high-heat cooking like deep frying and searing. Other oils have low smoke points, and should probably be reserved for uses such as dressing. Each oil's smoke point is listed in the list below so that you can choose accordingly.
3. Select oils with a high MUFA content for cooking.
When you expose oils to heat and oxygen, they go through a process called oxidation. Apply enough heat, and oil forms byproducts called "cooking oil polar compounds." These compounds may be harmful to human health—preliminary research shows they could raise blood pressure, cholesterol, and heart disease risk.
You can curb your exposure to these compounds by cooking with oils that are composed mainly of MUFAs rather than PUFAs. Because of their chemical structure, MUFAs are less sensitive to heat and oxidation.
Examples of mostly-MUFA oils for most cooking include olive, avocado, canola, sunflower, sesame, soybean. If you need to make an exception here and there, using a PUFA-based oil for cooking every once in a while is okay.
4. Strive for balanced Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids.
Unfortunately, a typical Western diet includes far too much omega-6 [found in abundance in packaged foods, many refined plant oils, poultry, eggs, and some nuts and seeds] and far too little omega-3, creating an imbalance that is associated with cell inflammation.
While fatty fish and fish oils are arguably the best sources of omega-3s, you can also find them in some cooking oils. Ideally, it's best to seek out oils with a more favorable ratio of omega-3 to omega-6, like organic walnut, and flaxseed.
But, again, if you use plant-based oils with a higher omega-6 to omega-3 ratio every once in a while, it's not going to be detrimental to your health.
Concerning choosing the right oil for cooking, salads, stir-fry, etc. usually depends on its smoke point -- the stage at which heated fat begins to emit smoke and acrid, flavor-altering odors.
The best oils for different purposes are as follows.
Olive oil is the healthiest oil you can buy, as it contains the highest monounsaturate content. Extra-virgin is the oil that results from the first cold pressing of the olives. Being the purest olive oil, it's also the most expensive.
But because it has a low smoke point, it should not be used for cooking. Also, make sure that it's really extra virgin or cold-pressed.
FYI: Olive oil is primarily a monounsaturated fat (MUFA), which means it has one double bond in its fatty acid structure. Although a MUFA is inherently more stable than a polyunsaturated fat (PUFA), when too much heat is applied, MUFAs become unstable, creating oxidized oil that can do more harm than good to your body.
Note: Actually, extra virgin avocado oil provides more health benefits and has more monounsaturated fats, antioxidants (e.g. lutein, Vitamin E), beta sitosterol, and a higher smoke point than extra virgin olive oil.
Smoke point: Some sources say 225ºF, but don't use this for cooking.
Since the oil is more condensed than whole flaxseeds, it provides more omega-3s, but you lose the fiber and lignans. Flaxseed oil is a terrific option for individuals suffering from high blood pressure, and studies show that supplementing with flaxseed oil on a daily basis can lower blood pressure and have a cardio protective effect.
However, flaxseed oil can go rancid very quickly (even faster if you heat it), so this oil should be stored in the refrigerator and only used for low-temperature uses such as dressing salads.
Walnut oil is one of the few plant oils that will give you a healthy omega-6 to omega-3 ratio.
But, its high PUFA content makes it prone to rancidity, and its low smoke point means it's not great for cooking.
Virgin olive oil: This is also the result of the first pressing of the olives, but it is more acidic and the flavor is less robust. Always choose cold-pressed. Most mass-produced varieties are extracted with chemical solvents. Use for cooking foods at low and medium temperatures only.
What Causes Oil to Get Rancid?
All oils will eventually get rancid just sitting around in your cupboard. In addition to smelling and tasting nasty, rancid oil contains harmful free radicals and shouldn't be consumed.
The more polyunsaturated fat there is in an oil, the faster it will spoil.
For that reason, be careful with nut and seed oils because they are high in polyunsaturated fat. Buy these oils in small quantities and store them in the refrigerator.
Oils that are lower in polyunsaturated fats, such as like olive, canola, and coconut oil, are fine stored in a cool cupboard.
Choose this oil for cooking because it is nearly a completely saturated fat, which means it is much less susceptible to heat damage.
But, make sure that the coconut oil is first-pressed, organic, extra virgin,or virgin -- avoid the refined coconut oils.
This oil contains medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), which help balance appetite-controlling and other hormones. They keep you feeling full and satisfied; and, they improve your cholesterol profile.
"Light" refers to the oil's color and taste, not its calorie content. It has the same amount of beneficial monounsaturated fat as regular olive oil. It has a higher smoke point, making it a good choice for baking and light-heat cooking.
This light-tasting oil is not only high in monounsaturated fats, but has a high smoke point so that it can also withstand some light-heat cooking.
Avocado oil is also loaded with vitamin E, which may help to strengthen our skin and immune system. However, this oil can be really expensive.
Sesame oil: Its strong flavor is used for Asian cooking, and light frying. However, be careful because this oil is high in polyunsaturates (42%), with MUFA (40%) and SF (9%).
Grapeseed oil: This oil is made from grape seeds that are discarded after wine making. It has a relatively high smoke point (390ºF). But, this oil is high in omega-6 fatty acids with basically no omega-3s.
But, more importantly, grapeseed oil can occasionally have dangerous levels of harmful compounds called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) due to the drying process, which involves direct contact with combustion gases.
So, buy organic grapeseed oil, as this means it is produced without any chemical substances.
Note: PAHs are not unique to grapeseed oil — you can be exposed to them by eating charred foods, too.
Although grapeseed oil is high in mono- and polyunsaturates, it has a high smoke point and is often used as a substitute for olive oil. But, be careful because most grapeseed oil using chemical solvents, so look for expeller-pressed.
Canola oil: After olive and sunflower oil, canola is the next highest in heart-healthy monounsaturated fats. But, because rapeseed is commonly sprayed with pesticides, and since this oil is man-made, you should avoid canola oil.
Almost all canola oil grown in the US is genetically modified, so choose organic if you want to avoid GMOs. Avoid non-organic canola oil, which is also usually processed using a chemical solvent called hexane.
If you decide that you still want to use this oil, choose organic, cold-pressed, or expeller-pressed canola. Hexane is not allowed in the organic production of this oil.
The super high smoke point means peanut oil is a great choice for deep-frying. But, be careful -- most commercial brands are chemically processed, though expeller-pressed brands are available at specialty stores and online.
Because peanut oil can sometimes be chemically extracted, select varieties labeled "expeller-pressed", "roasted", or "toasted".
Made from: Soybeans. While vegetable oil blends sometimes contain oils from seeds, like canola or safflower, they're usually composed largely of soybean.
Soybean oil is inexpensive, widely available, and has a high smoke point. But, this oil is one of the worst for your health. It's always refined and it's typically found in processed foods and snack items. Plus, it's usually genetically modified, and new research shows that it may be even more harmful than sugar!
Similar to soybean oil and other vegetable oils, corn oil is inexpensive, widely available, and has a high smoke point. But, this oil has an omega-6 to omega-3 ratio of 49:1 vs. the optimal ratio of 4:1. And, since almost all corn grown in the US is genetically modified, so is the corn oil (unless you buy organic).
So, avoid soybean oil, corn oil and other vegetable oils.
When you cook with polyunsaturated vegetable oils (such as canola, corn, and soybean oils), oxidized cholesterol is introduced into your system.
As the oil is heated and mixed with oxygen, it goes rancid. Rancid oil is oxidized oil and should not be consumed—it leads directly to vascular disease.
Trans fats are introduced when these oils are hydrogenated, which increases your risk of chronic diseases such as breast cancer and heart disease.
In addition, the majority of these vegetable oils are made from genetically engineered crops, and they're heavily processed on top of that. So not only are the polyunsaturated fats being oxidized, but these oils also contain GMO toxins, such as glyphosate and Bt toxin found in genetically engineered corn and soy.
Another important factor is that most vegetable oils are high in omega-6 fats and it is the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fats that plays an important role in determining many illnesses. So if you are consuming large amounts of vegetable oils you will seriously distort this vital ratio and increase your risk of many degenerative diseases such as heart disease, cancer and Type 2 diabetes.
Note: For more information about using fats and oils properly, refer to the Death to Diabetes Cookbook; and, Chapters 6 and 7 of the Death to Diabetes book.
Omega-3 fatty acids are considered essential fatty acids: They are necessary for human health but the body can' t make them -- you have to get them through food.
Omega-3 fatty acids can be found in fish, such as wild salmon, tuna, and halibut, other seafood including algae and krill, some plants, and nut oils.
Also known as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), omega-3 fatty acids play a crucial role in brain function, as well as normal growth and development. They have also become popular because they may reduce the risk of heart disease. The American Heart Association recommends eating fish (particularly fatty fish such as mackerel, lake trout, herring, sardines, albacore tuna, and salmon) at least 2 times a week.
Research shows that omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation and may help lower risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and arthritis. Omega-3 fatty acids are highly concentrated in the brain and appear to be important for cognitive (brain memory and performance) and behavioral function.
In fact, infants who do not get enough omega-3 fatty acids from their mothers during pregnancy are at risk for developing vision and nerve problems. Symptoms of omega-3 fatty acid deficiency include fatigue, poor memory, dry skin, heart problems, mood swings or depression, and poor circulation.
Diets such as the Mediterranean diet and the Death to Diabetes diet, on the other hand, have a healthier balance between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Many studies have shown that people who follow this diet are less likely to develop heart disease or diabetes. The Mediterranean diet emphasizes foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, including whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, fish, olive oil, garlic, as well as moderate wine consumption.
Omega-3 EFA food sources include: walnuts, free-range eggs, leafy greens, flaxseed, unprocessed cod liver oil,and fish (especially wild salmon and sardines).
Note: Be careful if you decide to take an Omega-3 supplement. Most of them are overheated and overly-processed such that the beneficial nutrients in the oil are destroyed.
Coconut oil has been shown to help stabilize blood sugar levels and facilitate weight loss, helping to reverse Type 2 diabetes.
Coconut oil does not need insulin to be absorbed by the cells and to be used as energy. Your body can use the medium-chain fatty acids in coconut oil in much the same way as it can use glucose, but it doesn't require insulin to do it.
And, because coconut oil can supply needed energy without insulin, it helps slow down the absorption of sugars into the bloodstream and stabilizes blood sugar levels.
In Type 2 diabetics, this breaks the cycle of high glucose levels, high insulin levels and insulin resistance.
Because of the problems with absorbing glucose, your metabolism slows down, your energy level drops and you gain weight.
Coconut oil can counter this effect when it is absorbed by the cells, boosting the metabolism, allowing your body to burn more fat faster.
Take 2-3 tablespoons daily with or before your meals to reap these benefits.
For more details about eating healthy fats and oils, along with healthy, diabetic-friendly recipes, get the author's 3-in-1 Death to Diabetes Cookbook.
Also read Chapters 6 and 7 of the Death to Diabetes book.


text:
Q: VLC streaming requires extreme bandwidth I am streaming a 1080p video from one computer to another using RTP. I use the following command line:
.\vlc.exe -Idummy -vvv "test.mp4" --sout "#rtp{mux=ts,dst=10.0.0.5,port=1234}" "vlc://quit"

The bit rate of the video track of my source file (H.264 High profile) is below 6 Mbit/s, the audio bit rate is below 100 kbit/s (AAC HE). Nonetheless, VLC uses nearly 1 Gbit/s for streaming:

Additional transcoding does not really change anything notably, even when a bit rate is specified:
.\vlc.exe -Idummy -vvv "test.mp4" --sout "transcode{venc=x264{preset=veryfast},vb=3000}:rtp{mux=ts,dst=10.0.0.5,port=1234}" "vlc://quit"

Since some videos work fine (i.e., they stream at a few Mbit/s with barely any CPU load) and others don't (like the one described above), I wanted to ask what possible troubleshooting steps there are. -vvv does not give any errors, warnings or debug infos after the initial buffering.
The sending and receiving computer both run Windows 10 64-bit and are connected through a Gigabit Ethernet switch. The connection seems to be fine as it is with any other application. I also tested the VLC streaming setup locally with the receiver being inside a Docker container on the same host, but this made the problem worse, i.e., the consumed bandwidth was even higher and (literally) millions of packets were dropped.
Does anyone have any ideas how to troubleshoot this? I use the latest VLC 2.2.6.

A: I'd sit on it with Wireshark.
https://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsug_html_chunked/ChTelRTPAnalysis.html


Posted 8/15/2016 10:20am by Gregg Keckler.
I have updated the store with many new items, hot peppers, beans, eggplant, watermelon and others. Check it out!
The Zestar apples are the fore-runner to Honey Crisp apples which should be here in a couple weeks. These are great eating apples and will remind you that fall is on the way.
If you are not signed up for the fall session, now is the time to consider it.
We are planting broccoli and cauliflower this week for harvest in October. We have a great apple year and will have cider by the beginning of October. The red tomatoes should be here until the end of September and the Roma tomatoes even longer if there is no killing frost. The Bartlett pears are harvested beginning at the end of next week. We are looking for a great fall session. Of course there will be great sweet potatoes and winter squash.
Have a great week! I know many of you are on vacation or going on vacation for the end of the summer. Enjoy and relax. Notice the wonderful weather. The clouds lately have been beautiful!
Posted 8/12/2016 2:02pm by Gregg Keckler.
August 13 at the Farm Stand - Check out the TOMATOES!
Posted 8/12/2016 2:00pm by Gregg Keckler.
Posted 8/10/2016 3:22pm by Gregg Keckler.
Posted 8/8/2016 2:21pm by Gregg Keckler.
Posted 8/8/2016 2:19pm by Gregg Keckler.
Posted 8/8/2016 2:16pm by Gregg Keckler.
Posted 8/8/2016 2:15pm by Gregg Keckler.
Posted 8/8/2016 10:03am by Gregg Keckler.
Posted 8/8/2016 8:36am by Gregg Keckler.
Thank you for joining our CSA for the summer session. We will begin deliveries to your location on Wednesday, August 10.
If you were not expecting a share on Wednesday, Please let me know.
I will pro-rate your shares for the summer session and send you an updated email with the balance due. You can either pay with a credit card on line or you can send a check.
I will be sending you an email later today with the items that you will receive in your share on Wednesday. If you wish to purchase any additional items, you can go to our online store and order items to be added to your share.
We are looking forward to providing you with fresh fruits and vegetables throughout summer and the fall. Let me know if you have questions or concerns.


WATCH DATE CHANGES AT NOON – 12 HOURS AHEAD?
Their Watch Day (Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat), and the Watch Date (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31), changes to the NEXT Day and Date at 12 NOON instead of 12 MIDNIGHT, when it's supposed to!
The reason is quite simple, the Watch Gears (Dials, Cogs) work on a 24 hour cycle (actual hours in a Day), versus just 12 hours (1-12).
Granted every Watch is different, but you get the meaning.
When your Watch switches at Noon instead of at Midnight, that means that your Watch Cycle is set 12 hours too fast! (Or 12 Hours too slow, depending on how you look at it).
So if it's 2 o'clock in the Afternoon, spin the Hour Hand ahead 12 more hours until it reads 2 o'clock again. If it's 11:30 in the morning, spin it all the way around again to 11:30 once more.
Now, depending on when you do this (what part of the day or night), you'll probably also have to readjust the Day and Date again. But don't worry, the Hour Hand is now set properly, so once you reset the Day and Date to the correct Day and Date, then everything will work perfectly!
Do note that if your Watch Day is showing Spanish Days: DOM – DOMINGO (Sunday), LUN – LUNES (Monday), MAR – MARTES (Tuesday), MER – MIERCOLES (Wednesday), JUEV – JUEVES (Thursday), VER – VIERNES (Friday), SAB – SABADO (Saturday), instead of English, just pull the crown out, and rotate the Day ahead once, so that English is showing. That way when the Day rotates at Midnight, the proper language will still be displayed!
You Watch is now set right and come 12 Midnight, everything will flip over and change according to plan.
11 Comments on WATCH DATE CHANGES AT NOON – 12 HOURS AHEAD?
My Hamilton automatic changes the day at noon, and the date at midnight. The day and date are not on the same schedule. I do not know how this happened. Is there any fix for this?
My Timex expedition starts changing the date at 7 pm in the evening and by 11 pm it slowly completes the process of changing both date and day to the next date and day!!!! which is crazy as this should be happening after midnight!!!!
Thanks the trick worked on my Tissot. Cheers.
I've just done that, i hope it works.
Hi Rick. That I don't know. I would call their repair center, or send it back to the manufacturer. Look them up online, most have a phone number you can call for more info.


New Leaf offers services to men in our community who have been abusive towards their partner/ex-partner and /or children. The program for men involves an initial interview, followed by involvement in a facilitated group process. Our service also attempts to address the safety concerns for the women and children by offering a referral for the woman to the women component of the program.
Unrealistic attitudes: We have rigid ideas of what we expect.
Try to always be in control: We try to control our partners through, physical, emotional, social, financial and sexual means.
Becoming explosive: In trying to control others we lose control over ourselves.
Hiding our feelings: We tend to bury our feelings or are totally unaware of them.
Being poor communicators: We either do not respond or we come on too strong.
Not Listening: We do not listen to our partners' opinions and feelings.
Fear of intimacy: As men, we are cautious about opening up to others.