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ancient greek houses wikipedia
[2] The different orders were applied to the whole range of buildings and monuments. 509–510, "Re-contextualized Antiquity: Interpretative VR Visualisation of Ancient Art and Architecture", The Foundations of Classical Architecture Part Two: Greek Classicism, Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Greek_architecture&oldid=993843879, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The Temple of Zeus Olympius at Agrigentum, is termed. [20], Greek towns of substantial size also had a palaestra or a gymnasium, the social centre for male citizens which included spectator areas, baths, toilets and club rooms. Ancient Greek (uncountable) Any of the various forms of the Greek language of classical antiquity, particularly the classical Attic dialect used in Athenian literature.Usage notes []. [35], On the stylobate, often completely surrounding the naos, stand rows of columns. Caroline Winterer, The Culture of Classicism: Ancient Greece and Rome in American Intellectual Life, 1780–1920 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002, pp. Greek homes were built around an outdoor courtyard. While the three orders are most easily recognizable by their capitals, they also governed the form, proportions, details and relationships of the columns, entablature, pediment, and the stylobate. As with Minoan architecture, ancient Greek domestic architecture centred on open spaces or courtyards surrounded by colonnades. In this characteristic environment, the ancient Greek architects constructed buildings that were marked by the precision of detail. The purity and seriousness of the style was intended as an assertion of German national values and partly intended as a deliberate riposte to France, where it never really caught on. [5] Worship, like many other activities, was done in the community, in the open. [34] The smallest temples are less than 25 metres (approx. With a newfound access to Greece, or initially the books produced by the few who had actually been able to visit the sites, archaeologist-architects of the period studied the Doric and Ionic orders. Ancient Greek theology was polytheistic, based on the assumption that there were many gods and goddesses, as well as a range of lesser supernatural beings of various types.There was a hierarchy of deities, with Zeus, the king of the gods, having a level of control over all the others, although he was not almighty.Some deities had dominion over certain aspects of nature. Some Greek temples appear to have been oriented astronomically. [7], The rectangular temple is the most common and best-known form of Greek public architecture. [1] Remnants of Archaic architectural sculpture (700–500 BC) exist from the early 6th century BC with the earliest surviving pedimental sculpture being fragments of a Gorgon flanked by heraldic panthers from the centre of the pediment of the Artemis Temple of Corfu. Proper noun []. Stuart was commissioned after his return from Greece by George Lyttelton to produce the first Greek building in England, the garden temple at Hagley Hall (1758–59). [11] The major development that occurred was in the growing use of the human figure as the major decorative motif, and the increasing surety with which humanity, its mythology, activities and passions were depicted. [5] The gleaming marble surfaces were smooth, curved, fluted, or ornately sculpted to reflect the sun, cast graded shadows and change in colour with the ever-changing light of day. He also did notable work on the Supreme Court interior (1806–1807), and his masterpiece was the Basilica of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, Baltimore (1805–1821). Both events were to cause a minor scandal. Early architectural sculptors found difficulty in creating satisfactory sculptural compositions in the tapering triangular space. Elaborate social protocols existed to protect youths from the shame associated with being sexually penetrated. Wikipedia . First-hand evidence of Greek architecture was of very little importance to the French, due to the influence of Marc-Antoine Laugier's doctrines that sought to discern the principles of the Greeks instead of their mere practices. Blakemore, Robbie G. History of Interior Design & Furniture: from Ancient Egypt to Nineteenth-century Europe. [1] The first signs of the particular artistic character that defines ancient Greek architecture are to be seen in the pottery of the Dorian Greeks from the 10th century BC. [37] Banister Fletcher calculated that the stylobate curves upward so that its centres at either end rise about 65 millimetres (2.6 inches) above the outer corners, and 110 mm (4.3 in) on the longer sides. [48] A metope from a temple known as "Temple C" at Selinus, Sicily, shows, in a better preserved state, Perseus slaying the Gorgon Medusa. [36], The ancient Greek architects took a philosophic approach to the rules and proportions. [7] The blocks were rough hewn and hauled from quarries to be cut and bedded very precisely, with mortar hardly ever being used. The andrōn was used for entertaining male guests. [43] It was popularised by the Romans, who added a number of refinements and decorative details. During the Hellenistic period, Corinthian columns were sometimes built without fluting.[43]. At the corners of pediments they were called acroteria and along the sides of the building, antefixes. [51], The names of many famous sculptors are known from the Late Classical period (400–323 BC), including Timotheos, Praxiteles, Leochares and Skopas, but their works are known mainly from Roman copies. The flutes meet at sharp edges called arrises. [44] With the introduction of stone-built temples, the revetments no longer served a protective purpose and sculptured decoration became more common. "[10] His circle of junior colleagues became an informal school of Greek revivalists, and his influence shaped the next generation of American architects. (See Architectural Decoration, below)[27][28][29], The widest span of a temple roof was across the cella, or inner chamber. They were much larger than modern roof tiles, being up to 90 cm (35.43 in) long, 70 cm (27.56 in) wide, 3–4 cm (1.18–1.57 in) thick and weighing around 30 kg (66 lb) apiece. Houses of the wealthy had mosaic floors and demonstrated the Classical style. The Ionic order is recognized by its voluted capital, in which a curved echinus of similar shape to that of the Doric order, but decorated with stylised ornament, is surmounted by a horizontal band that scrolls under to either side, forming spirals or volutes similar to those of the nautilus shell or ram's horn. Any building that uses columns, such as the white house, can trace the roots of its architectural style to ancient greece. The Temple of Asclepius at Epidauros had sculpture by Timotheos working with the architect Theodotos. The Saint Petersburg Bourse on Vasilievsky Island has a temple front with 44 Doric columns. However, by 600 BC, the gods were often represented by large statues and it was necessary to provide a building in which each of these could be housed. Attic Greek was spoken in Athens, the largest city, and was thought to be the purest form of Greek. [39] A triglyph is located above the centre of each capital, and above the centre of each lintel. The monuments of Greek antiquity were known chiefly from Pausanias and other literary sources. The ratio of capital height to diameter is generally about 1.16:1. Alternative forms . The discovery that the Greeks had painted their temples influenced the later development of the style. The mythical Deucalion (son of the fire-bringing titan Prometheus) was the savior of the human race from the Great Flood, in the same way Noah is presented in the biblical version or Utnapishtim in the Mesopotamian one. Early examples, such as the Temple of Zeus at Olympus, have two steps, but the majority, like the Parthenon, have three, with the exceptional example of the Temple of Apollo at Didyma having six. The distance between columns was similarly affected by the nature of the lintel, columns on the exterior of buildings and carrying stone lintels being closer together than those on the interior, which carried wooden lintels. A number of Greek theatres survive almost intact, the best known being at Epidaurus by the architect Polykleitos the Younger. Above the architrave is a second horizontal stage called the frieze. Ancient Greek civilization, the period following Mycenaean civilization, which ended about 1200 BCE, to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BCE. it is composed of upright beams (posts) supporting horizontal beams (lintels). This guide helped create the proliferation of Greek homes seen especially in northern New York State and in Connecticut's former Western Reserve in northeastern Ohio. It is designed to be viewed frontally but the capitals at the corners of buildings are modified with an additional scroll so as to appear regular on two adjoining faces. New York: Macmillan, 1966. [41] The columns are fluted with narrow, shallow flutes that do not meet at a sharp edge but have a flat band or fillet between them. The style was especially attractive in Russia, if only because they shared the Eastern Orthodox faith with the Greeks. Classical architecture was used for secular public buildings, while Byzantine architecture was preferred for churches. Mycenaean art is marked by its circular structures and tapered domes with flat-bedded, cantilevered courses. [26][45] From the Late Classical period, acroteria were sometimes sculptured figures (see Architectural sculpture). Athletes also competed in the nude. Whitehall mansion and gardens are open for tours and events. [18] The temple was generally part of a religious precinct known as the acropolis. Before the Hellenic era, two major cultures had dominated the region: the Minoan (c. 2800–1100 BC), and the Mycenaean (c. 1500–1100 BC). While some eighteenth-century Americans had feared Greek democracy ("mobocracy"), the appeal of ancient Greece rose in the 19th century along with the growing acceptance of democracy. The Classical period was marked by a rapid development towards idealised but increasingly lifelike depictions of gods in human form. Stuart and Revett's findings, published in 1762 (first volume) as The Antiquities of Athens,[3] along with Julien-David Le Roy's Ruines des plus beaux monuments de la Grèce (1758) were the first accurate surveys of ancient Greek architecture.[4]. [26][28][44] A much applied narrow moulding is called "bead and reel" and is symmetrical, stemming from turned wooden prototypes. The mainland and islands of Greece are very rocky, with deeply indented coastline, and rugged mountain ranges with few substantial forests. This clarity is alternated with periods of haze that varies in colour to the light on it. The cloth was then folded over to create a double layer, called apoptygma, in the upper part of the body.The cloth is then folded around the body, and fastened over each shoulder. [13], Other notable American architects to use Greek Revival designs included Latrobe's student Robert Mills, who designed the Monumental Church and the Washington Monument, as well as George Hadfield and Gabriel Manigault.[9]. The clear light and sharp shadows give a precision to the details of the landscape, pale rocky outcrops and seashore. If it is tempting to see the Greek Revival as the expression of Regency authoritarianism, then the changing conditions of life in Britain made Doric the loser of the Battle of the Styles, dramatically symbolized by the selection of Charles Barry's Gothic design for the Palace of Westminster in 1836. 300–390 feet) in length. This form was adapted to the construction of hypostyle halls within the larger temples. Shops were sometimes located in the rooms towards the street. In Canada, Montreal architect John Ostell designed a number of prominent Greek Revival buildings, including the first building on the McGill University campus and Montreal's original Custom House, now part of the Pointe-à-Callière Museum. In 1823, Samuel Angell discovered the coloured metopes of Temple C at Selinunte, Sicily and published them in 1826. It was a relationship between an older male and an adolescent youth. Hittorff lectured in Paris in 1829–1830 that Greek temples had originally been painted ochre yellow, with the moulding and sculptural details in red, blue, green and gold. Media in category "Odysseus in ancient Greek pottery" The following 66 files are in this category, out of 66 total. [20][21][22], Public buildings became "dignified and gracious structures", and were sited so that they related to each other architecturally. The frieze is one of the major decorative elements of the building and carries a sculptured relief. [36] Each temple is defined as being of a particular type, with two terms: one describing the number of columns across the entrance front, and the other defining their distribution. Each triglyph has three vertical grooves, similar to the columnar fluting, and below them, seemingly connected, are guttae, small strips that appear to connect the triglyphs to the architrave below. The frieze, which runs in a continuous band, is separated from the other members by rows of small projecting blocks. Facts about Ancient Greek Homes 2: the dimension of the house There is a clear division between the architecture of the preceding Mycenaean and Minoan cultures and that of the ancient Greeks, the techniques and an understanding of their style being lost when these civilisations fell. Its people built citadels, fortifications and tombs rather than palaces, and decorated their pottery with bands of marching soldiers rather than octopus and seaweed. This period is thus often referred to as a Dark Age. The French architect Jacques Ignace Hittorff witnessed the exhibition of Angell's find and endeavoured to excavate Temple B at Selinus. The great majority of temples are between 30–60 metres (approx. [44] In later Ionic architecture, there is greater diversity in the types and numbers of mouldings and decorations, particularly around doorways, where voluted brackets sometimes occur supporting an ornamental cornice over a door, such as that at the Erechtheion. The Greek Revival was an architectural movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, predominantly in Northern Europe and the United States. The style was generally popular in northern Europe, and not in the south (except for Greece itself), at least during the main period. In a large building, this space contains columns to support the roof, the architectural form being known as hypostyle. [49], The reliefs and three-dimensional sculpture which adorned the frieze and pediments, respectively, of the Parthenon, are the lifelike products of the High Classical style (450–400 BC) and were created under the direction of the sculptor Phidias. In Ancient Greece, the gynaeceum (Greek: γυναικεῖον gynaikeion, from Ancient Greek γυναικεία gynaikeia "part of the house reserved for the women"; literally "of or belonging to women, feminine") or the gynaeconitis (γυναικωνῖτις gynaikōnitis "women's apartments in a house") was a building or the portion of a house reserved for women, generally the innermost apartment. It was used not only for pottery vessels but also roof tiles and architectural decoration. This is evidenced by the nature of temple construction in the 6th century BC, where the rows of columns supporting the roof the cella rise higher than the outer walls, unnecessary if roof trusses are employed as an integral part of the wooden roof. [30][31] Only stone walls, which were replacing the earlier mudbrick and wood walls, were strong enough to support the weight of a tiled roof. It is composed of three parts. The light is often extremely bright, with both the sky and the sea vividly blue. Temples served as the location of a cult image and as a storage place or strong room for the treasury associated with the cult of the god in question, and as a place for devotees of the god to leave their votive offerings, such as statues, helmets and weapons. It grew directly out of the Ionic in the mid 5th century BC, and was initially of much the same style and proportion, but distinguished by its more ornate capitals. In Scotland the style was avidly adopted by William Henry Playfair, Thomas Hamilton and Charles Robert Cockerell, who severally and jointly contributed to the massive expansion of Edinburgh's New Town, including the Calton Hill development and the Moray Estate. [16], City houses were built with adjoining walls and were divided into small blocks by narrow streets. Masonry walls were employed for temples from about 600 BC onwards. The part of the capital that rises from the column itself is called the echinus. Following the travels to Greece of Nicholas Revett, a Suffolk gentleman architect, and the better remembered James Stuart in the early 1750s, intellectual curiosity quickly led to a desire to emulate. 75 feet) in length, or in the case of the circular tholos, in diameter. [26] A door of the Ionic Order at the Erechtheion (17 feet high and 7.5 feet wide at the top) retains many of its features intact, including mouldings, and an entablature supported on console brackets. [35], The ideal of proportion that was used by ancient Greek architects in designing temples was not a simple mathematical progression using a square module. Houses followed several different types. On this rests the frieze, one of the major areas of sculptural decoration. 100–200 feet) in length. Every temple rested on a masonry base called the crepidoma, generally of three steps, of which the upper one which carried the columns was the stylobate. [32], The earliest finds of roof tiles of the Archaic period in Greece are documented from a very restricted area around Corinth, where fired tiles began to replace thatched roofs at the temples of Apollo and Poseidon between 700 and 650 BC. [39] A refinement of the Doric column is the entasis, a gentle convex swelling to the profile of the column, which prevents an optical illusion of concavity. In both locales, Doric was the court style rather than a popular movement and was heavily patronised by Frederick William II of Prussia and Ludwig I of Bavaria as the expression of their desires for their respective seats to become the capital of Germany. [43] The ratio of the column height to diameter is generally 10:1, with the capital taking up more than 1/10 of the height. The external frieze often contained a continuous band of figurative sculpture or ornament, but this was not always the case. [4], Door and window openings were spanned with a lintel, which in a stone building limited the possible width of the opening. Within Regency architecture the style already competed with Gothic Revival and the continuation of the less stringent Palladian and neoclassical styles of Georgian architecture, the other two remaining more common for houses, both in towns and English country houses. The roofs were covered with tiles, or reeds, and the houses had one or two storeys. The ancient Greek homes were very comfortable and sturdy. The basket had been placed on the root of an acanthus plant which had grown up around it. History >> Ancient Greece. The ero… Latrobe claimed, "I am a bigoted Greek in the condemnation of the Roman architecture", but he did not rigidly impose Greek forms. [1], The development in the depiction of the human form in pottery was accompanied by a similar development in sculpture. Minoan is the name given by modern historians to the culture of the people of ancient Crete, known for its elaborate and richly decorated palaces, and for its pottery painted with floral and marine motifs. This was said to encourage aesthetic appreciation of the male body. The triglyphs are vertically grooved like the Doric columns, and retain the form of the wooden beams that would once have supported the roof. [1] Little architectural sculpture of the period remains intact. Gymnos means naked.Only men were allowed to enter, and train; they did so fully naked (as the name implies). In most of ancient Greece, a house was built around an open air courtyard. The entasis is never sufficiently pronounced as to make the swelling wider than the base; it is controlled by a slight reduction in the rate of decrease of diameter. This is particularly so in the case of temples where each building appears to have been conceived as a sculptural entity within the landscape, most often raised on high ground so that the elegance of its proportions and the effects of light on its surfaces might be viewed from all angles. Hence temples were placed on hilltops, their exteriors designed as a visual focus of gatherings and processions, while theatres were often an enhancement of a naturally occurring sloping site where people could sit, rather than a containing structure. The city-state of Athens was a great cultural, political and military power during this period. Ancient Greek architecture is best known from its temples, many of which are found throughout the region, and the Parthenon is a prime example of this, mostly as ruins but many substantially intact. Mud houses crumbled away in a few years and had to rebuild.The roofs were covered with tiles or reeds, and the houses had one or two stories. Leo von Klenze's expansion of the palace that is now the Hermitage Museum is another example of the style. It could be made from clay bricks, wood or even stone. This, at least was the interpretation of the historian Pausanias looking at the Temple of Hera at Olympia in the 2nd century AD. The temple rises from a stepped base or stylobate, which elevates the structure above the ground on which it stands. Fragments of the eastern pediment survive, showing the Sack of Troy. From 1820 to 1850, the Greek Revival style dominated the United States, such as the Benjamin F. Clough House in Waltham, Massachusetts. The development of regular town plans is associated with Hippodamus of Miletus, a pupil of Pythagoras. [7] These outer columns are both slightly wider than their neighbours and are slightly closer than any of the others.[38]. There was some variation in the distribution of decoration. Caroline Winterer, The Mirror of Antiquity: American Women and the Classical Tradition, 1780–1900 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2007), pp. A small group of Doric temples, including the Parthenon, are between 60–80 metres (approx. It has been suggested that some temples were lit from openings in the roof. But the figures are more violent in action, the central space taken up, not with a commanding God, but with the dynamic figure of Neoptolemos as he seizes the aged king Priam and stabs him. Formalised bands of motifs such as alternating forms known as egg-and-dart were a feature of the Ionic entablatures, along with the bands of dentils. The Pergamon Altar (c. 180–160 BC) has a frieze (120 metres long by 2.3 metres high) of figures in very high relief. While this may or may not have been the case with older wooden or plain stone temples, it was definitely not the case with the more luxurious marble temples, where colour was used sparingly to accentuate architectural highlights. The Doric order developed on mainland Greece and spread to Magna Graecia (Italy). [43], The Corinthian order was initially used internally, as at the Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae (c. 450–425 BC). The roofing material for the substantial house was tile. Little is known of Mycenaean wooden or domestic architecture and any continuing traditions that may have flowed into the early buildings of the Dorian people. New York: Cambridge UP, 2009. [23], Every Greek town had an open-air theatre. The decoration is precisely geometric, and ordered neatly into zones on defined areas of each vessel. [7], The Parthenon, the Temple to the Goddess Athena on the Acropolis in Athens, is referred to by many as the pinnacle of ancient Greek architecture. [49] The western pediment has Apollo as the central figure, "majestic" and "remote", presiding over a battle of Lapiths and Centaurs, in strong contrast to that of the eastern pediment for its depiction of violent action, and described by D. E. Strong as the "most powerful piece of illustration" for a hundred years. It did not reach a clearly defined form until the mid 5th century BC. In the Hellenistic period, four-fronted Ionic capitals became common. This is a timeline of ancient Greece from its emergence around 800 BC to its subjection to the Roman Empire in 146 BC.. For earlier times, see Greek Dark Ages, Aegean civilizations and Mycenaean Greece.For later times see Roman Greece, Byzantine Empire and Ottoman Greece.. For modern Greece after 1820, see Timeline of modern Greek history However, unlike earlier cultures, the man was no longer perceived as being threatened by nature, but as its sublime product. This made Greek architecture suddenly more attractive in both the North and South, for differing ideological purposes: for the North, Greek architecture symbolized the freedom of the Greeks; in the South it symbolized the cultural glories enabled by a slave society. Thanks in advance; Support -- If there are Latin and Old English Wikipedias, there is no reason for there not to be a Classical Greek one. Examples of Greek Revival architecture in Greece include the Old Royal Palace (now the home of the Parliament of Greece), the Academy and University of Athens, the Zappeion, and the National Library of Greece. However, the narrowing is not regular, but gently curved so that each columns appears to have a slight swelling, called entasis below the middle. The columns are wider at the base than at the top, tapering with an outward curve known as entasis. Larger homes might have several bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathing room, a woman's sitting area, a men's dining room, and one or two rooms for storage. The Mycenaean culture, which flourished on the Peloponnesus, was quite different in character. The columns at the ends of the building are not vertical but are inclined towards the centre, with those at the corners being out of plumb by about 65 mm (2.6 in). above: Capital of the Corinthian Order showing foliate decoration and vertical volutes. Although the existent buildings of the era are constructed in stone, it is clear that the origin of the style lies in simple wooden structures, with vertical posts supporting beams which carried a ridged roof. This triangular space framed by the cornices is the location of the most significant sculptural decoration on the exterior of the building. [9] Following these events, there was a period from which few signs of culture remain. The posts and beams divided the walls into regular compartments which could be left as openings, or filled with sun dried bricks, lathes or straw and covered with clay daub or plaster. The Ancient Houses, also known as the old Houses, were a narrow group of old-established Human bloodlines controlling planetary fiefs and interstellar lordships. This fluting or grooving of the columns is a retention of an element of the original wooden architecture.[25]. In Athens the older man was called erastes, he was to educate, protect, love, and provide a role model for his beloved. The completely restored Stoa of Attalos can be seen in Athens during the 6th 5th! Temples began as wooden constructions in which the columns of a whole range of buildings and monuments stage the... That were marked by its highly formalised characteristics, both architectural and sculptural, that adorned ancient Greek were. 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Innovation China
Experts in China
IUSTC
position: EnglishChannel > Innovation China > Article
Tang Sancai: Treasure of Ancient ChineseCeramic Firing Techniques
Source: Science and Technology Daily | 2022-08-18 10:09:37 | Author: BI Weizi
A black glaze horse is on display at National Museum of China. (PHOTO: VCG)
By BI Weizi
As an outstanding symbol of ancient Chinese pottery technology, Tang Sancai appeared in the early Tang Dynasty (618–907). Tang Sancai is a multi-colored pottery, with yellow, green and white being the most predominant colors. The lead glaze of Tang Sancai was toxic, so it was not used in daily utensils, but mostly appeared in the tombs of the nobles in Tang Dynasty.
China has a long history of pottery making. As early as in the Yangshao and Longshan cultures, there was already beautifully shaped and colored pottery. In the Han Dynasty, it was possible to fire monochrome glazed pottery in green. During the early Tang Dynasty, with the development of a social economy, there was a new breakthrough in the process of color pottery, which would use multiple glaze colors at the same time, and thus Tang Sancai was produced.
Two firings are needed to produce Tang Sancai using lead-glazed earthenware. The first firing was made, without saggers, to toughen the body. The second was undertaken after applying the glazes for their maturation. The basic glaze appears white after firing, metal oxides are added to the basic glaze to make yellow and green colors, while cobalt oxide makes blue. As a traditional cultural product, Tang Sancai not only enjoys a pivotal status in the history of Chinese ceramics and art history, but also plays a significant role in the cultural exchange between China and foreign countries. It was exported to other countries and regions in the early Tang Dynasty and was loved by people from all walks of life.
Editor: 畢煒梓
Coal-to-Ethanol Technology Ushers in Green Future
Liu Zhongmin, academician at the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and his team from Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), have explored a more economical and greener way of ethanol production from coal.
Pakistani Barren Region Turns Green
For the past few years, with help from Chinese specialists, green plants have spread over south Pakistan's Gwadar region, a place dominated by hot desert climate.
The Plan to Undermine BRI Set to Failure
Rebranding the previous Build Back Better World (B3W) program, the G7 nations launched the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment (PGII) on June 26, aiming to raise 600 billion USD in funding to support infrastructure in developing and middle-income countries by 2027.
Pagoda Stands the Test of Time
Reducing Energy Use, Increasing GDP
Chinese-built Railway Celebrates 5-year Operation in Kenya
CHIPS Act: The Wrong Way to Compete
Building 'AI for Good' Community with Shared Future

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Two Car Accidents in Oxnard Claim the Lives of Four People
blog home Car Accident Two Car Accidents in Oxnard Claim the Lives of Four People
Two Oxnard car accidents killed four people Tuesday night, the Ventura County Star reports.
The first incident, which occurred when a vehicle carrying three passengers spun out of control and struck the center median and a palm tree, trapped the driver and passengers inside the car. All three passengers died at the scene and the driver remains in critical condition as of this morning at St. John's Regional Medical Center.Oxnard,
The second incident involved a 73-year-old pedestrian who attempted to cross the street outside of a marked crosswalk and was struck by a car. The pedestrian later died at St. John's Regional Medical Center.
Police are still investigating the cause of both of the crashes. In each incident, there are many unanswered questions that could help determine the cause of the accident. For instance, did alcohol, drugs, or the use of a cell phone play a role in either incident? Recent studies have shown that the cause of one-third of car accidents today is distracted drivers. Oftentimes, cell phone calls or text messaging are the sources of such distraction that can result in deadly accidents. Other questions to ask are whether there were hazardous road conditions or construction that prevented the drivers from safely operating their vehicles, whether all traffic signals and streetlights were working properly (both accidents occurred after dusk) and whether there where any maintenance problems with either car that hindered the drivers from safely operating their vehicles. In the case of the pedestrian-car accident, another question to ask is whether or not the pedestrian was hindered from safely crossing the street due to any of the previous circumstances.
As these questions begin to be answered by police investigators, I offer my sympathies and wishes to the families of those victims who tragically lost their lives.
If you have lost a loved one as a result of a car accident and you believe someone else may be responsible for causing the accident, please contact an Oxnard injury attorney today for a free consultation.
Source: http://www.vcstar.com/news/2009/nov/11/morning-report-4-killed-1-critical-in-2-oxnard/
Tags: Car Accident, Oxnard, pedestrian accident


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#Film Review: Netflix's Clinical (2017)
27th January 2017 19th March 2017 martinatopicLeave a comment
This film gives a beautiful insight into psychological issues people face after trauma, and as such could easily serve as an educational material. However, the film is more than that. It is also an unpredictable and surprising story, which will satisfy many film lovers.
The story portrays a psychiatrist Dr Jane Mathis (Vinessa Shaw) who survives an attempted murder from a patient she has been treating for a while. As we found out later in the movie, it was a wrong treatment and the fact the psychiatrist insisted on treating trauma in this way (i.e. by pushing people to talk and think about the trauma too soon and in too many details) her patient is about to commit a suicide when the psychiatrist walks in and then gets attacked. As we learn, the patient had psychological problems and with the push from Dr Mathis she forced herself to remember sexual abuse in childhood and details surrounding it. Therefore, one trauma has caused another trauma solely by remembering it before coming to terms with the past the patient remembered in the first place. A truly educational part that can be useful for everyday situations, i.e. even though we are not psychiatrists we do sometimes have stressed people around us, and if those people refuse to say what is wrong when we asked them perhaps it is worth the effort to leave it at that in the first instance to see what happens.
After the attack the psychiatrist leaves job, and works from home on low profile cases while also taking medicines and dealing with trauma. However, a phone call from a man who has survived a car accident that left him with changed and quite unpleasant appearance changes that. The psychiatrist eventually accepts to treat his trauma only to cause more trauma and agony again.
Nevertheless, the patient that tried to kill her left the hospital and is trying to attack her again which brings to psychosis and this is the part when we see Dr Mathis slowly losing it, taking too many pills and generally being quite hysterical. As the trauma progresses and as the film starts to show us that psychiatrist has psychological issues too we no longer know what is happening. In the end, in Dr Mathis' head she is trying to defend her loved ones from murder by her previous patient but one by one we realize that it is her who is killing her own loved ones, one by one.
The film is a true delight for those film lovers who like to watch a good thriller from time to time. Once again, Netflix's production has shown a superior understanding of how to both create an interesting and dynamic story while preserving social and even educational element to their entertainment programme.
Clinical, Film review, Netflix
#Film Review: Netflix's Coin Heist (2017)
Film Review: Netflix's iBoy (2017)


The Alpha Course, now known simply as Alpha, is an evangelistic course which seeks to introduce the basics of the Christian faith through a series of talks and discussions. It is described by its organisers as "an opportunity to explore the meaning of life".
The course has been re-launched for 2016 with the video/films having had a makeover and now available in 4k & HDMI.
If you've not tried Alpha before and are looking for answers then please get in touch. It's a fun and interactive way of learning more about the Christian Faith and getting answers to those questions you've always avoided asking.
To find out more, please visit our Alpha pages.


and the biggest mistake you can make when visiting is to try to do too many things in a short amount of time. Just go with the flow, and you'll discover that the city's real charm is in the details.
Take a walk along the banks of the Seine in lieu of an expensive boat tour, and browse the antique books and souvenirs sold by the riverside vendors.
Young visitors would be well advised to stay in the Latin Quarter or Montparnasse neighborhoods, which some have the most vibrant and youth-friendly nightlife options in the city.
The Latin Quarter is also a wonderful place to take in a bit of culture, whether it's a film festival, an antique book store, or a literary cafe.
Couples should not miss the Luxembourg Gardens, a beautiful public park known as a romantic rendezvous spot. And don't forget that Paris' public drinking laws are more lenient than America's, so you can enjoy a bottle of wine al fresco almost anywhere.
Lastly, you can save a bit of money staying at well-reviewed hostels, but avoid areas like Montmartre if you're concerned with safety late at night.


Gamal was put forward for the Telkom Knockout Player of the Tournament prize along with ex-Wits teammate Darren Keet and Bloemfontein Celtic midfielder Lantshene Phalane.
The Egyptian international scored three goals in his four appearances in the tournament, playing a key role in The Clever Boys going on to be crowned champions, before departing South African shores after falling out with coach Gavin Hunt.
His exploits earned him recognition from the awards judging panel, which he has since lauded as "professional" given his low profile in the rest of the campaign.
"I'm happy for the nomination, and I hope to come and attend the ceremony," the 26-year-old tells KickOff.com from Finland, where he is currently plying his trade with Helsinki.
"Even though I'm not there [in South Africa] anymore, the people have nominated me – this shows professionalism.
Although he says he would love to attend the end-of-season awards ceremony set to be hosted at the Sandton Convention Centre in Johannesburg on Tuesday, May 29, Gamal will have club commitments as his side play their 12th round league fixture on the same night.


On September 5, CRS petitioned Secretary of the Interior Zinke to temporarily withdraw approximately 117,000 acres of public lands in Colorado, Montana, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming from oil and gas leasing. Over the past year-and-a-half, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has unsuccessfully tried to sell oil and gas leases on all of these lands. It is now time to take a step back and reexamine whether other uses of these lands, such as hunting and fishing, safeguarding drinking water, and recreation, should take precedence.
"Responsible stewardship and multiple use are conservative principles that have guided America's public land management for more than a century. The Trump administration has turned this tried and true approach on its head, threatening the public access, resource quality, and diverse revenue stream that western communities depend on," said CRS president David Jenkins.
I find nothing "conservative" about this release or the petition. Both presume the federal government should own and manage nearly one-third of the lands in the U.S. I don't see how anyone interested in limited government can support this view.
No, these are the same morons (Martha Marks, from ILLINOIS) who founded "Republicans for Environmental Protection" back in the day.
The executive director is David Jenkins, who claims to have "worked for CRS, or its predecessor organization Republicans for Environmental Protection (REP), since 2005. For much of that time he served as Vice President for Government & Political Affairs for REP."
And before that was on staff for Pete Domenici. Probably did a LOT of good for Pete, you betchya.
EXACTLY correct with your comments Frank.


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Verizon and CWA Reach Tentative Agreement On New Five-Year Labor Contract for Texas Employees
IRVING, Texas -- Verizon and the Communications Workers of America (CWA) Local 6171 reached tentative agreement today at 1:30 a.m. on a new five-year labor contract in Texas.
The contract covers approximately 3,100 Texas hourly-paid employees, chiefly technicians and customer service representatives, who work in North Texas, the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex, the Hill Country, San Angelo, Bryan/College Station, League City, Baytown, the Gulf Coast and Rio Grande regions, and hundreds of communities throughout the state.
Bargaining on the contract began on July 7. The previous contract expired at midnight Sunday.
The agreement provides an immediate 4 percent lump-sum payment to union-represented employees in the first year of the contract. In addition, base wages will increase 1 percent in the first year, 2 percent in the second year, 2.5 percent in the third year, 2.5 percent in the fourth year, and 2.5 percent in the final year of the contract.
"The tentative agreement improves wages and delivers a strong overall benefits package for our employees," said Ron Johnson, co-chair of the Verizon bargaining committee. "At the same time, the five-year term of the new contract will provide valuable stability for both employees and Verizon. It also will position us to continue delivering outstanding service to our customers and outstanding value to our shareholders."
The tentative agreement also includes new provisions that allow Verizon to compete more successfully over the long term against cable companies.
Donna Bentley, CWA bargaining committee chair, said: "The bargaining we and the company conducted since early July is a model for labor negotiations. We focused on gaining the best possible set of wages, benefits and work rules for our members, while realizing that Verizon must have the flexibility to compete against all forms of communications companies and new technologies."
Bentley said the CWA bargaining committee will recommend ratification of the tentative agreement to its members, with results expected by mid-September. A simple majority of those voting is required for ratification. Upon ratification, the new contract will be effective from Aug. 15, 2004, through Aug. 15, 2009.
Key elements of the proposed agreement include:
Creation of two new job classifications -- A new job classification, fiber network field technician, will be established to perform installation and technical support involving Verizon's soon-to-be-offered Fios set of products and services over its fiber-optic network in Keller and other North Texas communities. Verizon last month announced plans to expand its fiber-to-the-premises initiative to California and Florida. In addition, a term employee designation has been established - with full benefits and union membership eligibility - to provide an in-house option for handling seasonal or peak work requirements. These positions may be staffed from 6 to 36 months.
Improvement of benefits for employees and retirees -- Employees served by the medical plans in the Dallas/Fort Worth area and Central and West Texas region will see increased provider options. In addition, company-provided contributions for retiree medical insurance will be increased. Pension minimum levels will be increased.
Addition of one personal holiday -- Effective Jan. 1, 2007, employees will receive one additional paid holiday, bringing to 14 the number of holidays employees can take annually.
The company and the union also agreed to form joint committees to discuss issues such as Fios jobs of the future, overtime, incentive compensation, diversity and education/training.
Separately, negotiations continue between Verizon and the CWA for a contract involving 114 employees in Texas who work in the company's Supply Chain Service organization, which handles logistics functions. The smaller contract expires at midnight on Aug. 21.
A Dow 30 company, Verizon Communications (NYSE:VZ) is one of the world's leading providers of communications services, with approximately $68 billion in annual revenues. Verizon companies are the largest providers of wireline and wireless communications in the United States. Verizon is also the largest directory publisher in the world, as measured by directory titles and circulation. Verizon's international presence includes wireline and wireless communications operations and investments, primarily in the Americas and Europe. For more information, visit www.verizon.com.


These native Australian Macadamia nuts are a raw and delicious. They contain a healthy combination of nutrients known to protect the heart. They contain mono-unsaturated fat, making them a 'good fat' and good fibre which helps to maintain cholesterol. They are also packed full of the amino acid arginine which help to keep blood vessels relaxed and flexible.
Macadamia nuts are a native Australian nut and a delightful snack. They are also used for baking, salads or stir-frys.


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Review Round-Up: 'The Dictator' with Sacha Baron Cohen
Review Round-Up: 'The Dictator' with Sacha Baron Cohen
Sacha Baron Cohen's new comedy "The Dictator" is getting strong initial reviews in England, where it opens first. Hence the floodgates opened on stateside reviews, which are 85% on Rotten Tomatoes so far–that's a whole lot better than "Bruno"'s 67% Tomatometer score. The movie is not tracking great, party because "Bruno" burnt some audiences last time around; strong-word-of-mouth should correct that.
I saw the movie at CinemaCon, where it played well to the Las Vegas crowd. Safe to say it's a much more hilarious and less uncomfortable politically incorrect comedy than "Bruno," returning Cohen to his transgressive-but-sweet comfort zone. Cohen reminds me of Peter Sellers in "The Mouse that Roared" or Groucho Marx in "Duck Soup." He's a deluded mideast absolute ruler/terrorist –Admiral General Aladeen–with chaos in his wake whose consciousness is raised when he hits the skids in the States.
'5 Seasons of Revolution' Review: Raw Documentary Depicts Personal Sketches of the Syrian Civil War
'Beyond Utopia' Review: A Badass Pastor Smuggles North Koreans to Freedom in Secret Sundance Doc
51 Directors' Favorite Horror Movies: Bong Joon Ho, Quentin Tarantino, Guillermo del Toro, and More
Here's a sampling of early reviews.
Peter Bradsaw, The Guardian
A firework display of bad taste… It is less edgy than Baron Cohen's previous two films, featuring big, conventionally contrived gags and a colossal central turn from the man himself. Baron Cohen's Dictator is set to make Peter Sellers' Inspector Clouseau a model of subtlety and sensitivity.
Kevin Jagernauth, The Playlist
At a first glance, Sacha Baron Cohen's "The Dictator" almost seems too easy. Another accent, another elaborate costume, more manscaping and this time with the softball target of despotic leaders — it almost seemed as if the comic actor was pouring an ocean of fish into a tiny thimble and then pointing a comedy bazooka at it. And for the first fifteen to twenty minutes, "The Dictator" is kind of that obvious, and as a result, a bit uneven. But once the movie really finds its groove, Cohen's latest character creation easily stands up with his best work. Frequently laugh out loud funny, button pushing, and the rare comedy that actually gets more enjoyable as it goes on, "The Dictator" delivers the goods. All hail Admiral General Aladeen!
Todd McCarthy, The Hollywood Reporter
Although "The Dictator" arrives at a happy ending, after a fashion, it's more nuanced and intellectually satisfying than one expects and is preceded by a pointed political speech that will rile up pro- and anti-American establishment sentiment for different reasons.
Peter Debruge, Variety
Typically, political correctness couldn't be farther from the filmmakers' mind, and yet, what the pic most sorely lacks is the sort of humanist appeal Chaplin delivered at the close of "The Great Dictator." Baron Cohen may be ballsy, but he doesn't have the nerve to make that kind of statement. That said, his climactic speech on the lessons democracy could learn from despotism all but forgives the clumsy plotting that comes before.
Robbie Collin, The Telegraph
"The Dictator" is a comedian's film, and almost every line in the script is either a punchline or a set-up. Not all of them are particularly amusing, but most are invigoratingly offensive in one way or another, and there are a handful of moments that deserve to endure.
Ben Mortimer, HeyUGuys
There's a moment very near the end of "The Dictator: where it gets political. The point it makes is obvious, and laboured, but also well put and funny – It's the film's best moment, and a brief glimmer of the wit that made Sacha Baron Cohen's career. Unfortunately it's the only glimmer… The film might be funny, and it might have a few clever moments, but it's a huge waste of an opportunity.
Jason Gorber, Twitch Film
Back to the here-and-now, "The Dictator" feels like a missed opportunity… and yet it still felt like it overstayed its welcome. It's not the disaster that the trailers might lead you to believe, but nor is it the new masterpiece I was, perhaps irrationally, hoping for. Be assured you haven't seen every funny moment ruined by the promotional advertisements, but go in with relatively low expectations and you still might have a fun time traveling to the deserts of Wadiya to see The Dictator do his thing.
This Article is related to: Reviews and tagged Anna Faris, Megan Fox, Reviews, Sacha Baron Cohen


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Get There may refer to:

Get There (Bôa album), 2005
Get There (Minor Alps album), 2013
"Get There", a song performed by the Danish singer Rikke Emma Niebuhr
, a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919

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