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The following text is based on a paper delivered in November 2009 at the memorial site House of the Wannsee Conference in Berlin, Germany. A longer German version is available here. An even more detailed German-language article with complete references can be downloaded here. In addition, the memorial site's multi-language webpage at www.ghwk.de offers a wealth of material, including scans of historical documents. For generous and invaluable assistance in translating the text and beyond, the author wishes to thank Gord McFee.
For Harry Mazal, as promised
The Wannsee Protocol: Object of Revisionist Falsification of History
by Christian Mentel
The Wannsee Conference - which was initially scheduled for December 9, 1941 but postponed on short notice - took place on January 20, 1942 at a suburban villa on the shores of Berlin's Wannsee lake. Chaired by Reinhard Heydrich, chief of the Reich Security Main Office (Reichssicherheitshauptamt), 15 high-ranking officials of the German bureaucracy, the SS- and police-apparatus discussed the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question", while enjoying the lovely sight of the villa's gardens and the lake. It was only after the Protocol (minutes) of the conference was found in 1947 that the conference was named "Wannsee Conference" after its location.
The Wannsee Conference and Protocol
According to most historians of the Holocaust, the purpose of the conference was to coordinate and make more effective the mass murder operations under the leadership of Heydrich, moreover to solve problems like internal fights over mandates. The mass murder of Jews in the East was well underway since Nazi Germany's attack on the Soviet Union in June 1941, but was nevertheless poorly coordinated. The leadership of the SS, and in particular the Reich Security Main Office in these murder operations (which from now on were to be understood as part of the attempt to murder all European Jews), was accepted by the participants at the conference, although disagreements remained around details. Contrary to common and widespread perception, Wannsee was not the time and place of the decision on the Holocaust.
Image 1: Villa at Am Großen Wannsee 56-58, Berlin, seen from the main entrance in January 2012. Since 1952, the villa has been used as a school hostel; only after decades of debate and failed attempts, it was turned into a memorial and educational site on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Wannsee Conference in 1992. Photo: Courtesy of Christian Mentel.
On the one hand, the conference protocol constitutes a key document for the understanding of the evolution of the Holocaust. On the other hand, it has become - on a symbolic level - "synonymous with the cold-blooded, administratively organized and delegated Nazi genocide", as historian Peter Longerich has put it. Both the factual and the symbolic aspects are challenged and attacked by a fringe group of writers calling themselves "revisionists". These authors claim to re-evaluate the Wannsee Protocol in a scholarly and fundamental way, and all arrive at the conclusion that the Protocol was either fabricated or that all "established" historians have misinterpreted it completely.
By calling themselves "revisionists", these authors intend to create the impression that they belong to the world-wide community of scholars. Contrary to this, almost none of the self-appointed revisionists are trained historians but rather in most cases, they are simply Holocaust deniers with outright sympathies for Nazi ideology. In scholarly-appearing books, some argue against Nazi Germany's responsibility for the outbreak of World War II, while others deny German war crimes either entirely or claim the numbers to be much lower, or that it involves isolated and regrettable incidents. One goal of most revisionists is to minimize numbers of victims or to relativize and count them with numbers of victims among the German civilian population. In any event, the focus of most revisionist attempts is denial of the systematic persecution and murder of people by the Nazi state, especially of Jews. In their writings, these authors portray themselves as independent "underdog" researchers asking all the critical questions academics and "established" historians allegedly do not dare ask. Revisionists do so by systematically deceiving their readers, while claiming to undertake historical and historiographical research along the lines serious scholarship has established.
The following sections will show how the revisionists' manipulations work, how their main arguments are structured and how they approach the topic. The goal is to provide an overview over decades of revisionist publications on Wannsee, brought forth mostly by German authors like Johannes Peter Ney, Roland Bohlinger, Udo Walendy and Germar Rudolf, but also elaborated by Robert Faurisson and David Irving. Three subject areas will be discussed: First, the transmission and publication of the Wannsee Protocol; second, the bureaucratic formalities and witness reports; and third, linguistics and semantics.
Area I: Transmission and Publication
To this very day, only one of a total of 30 copies of the Wannsee Protocol has been found. This is the copy of Martin Luther, who participated at the Wannsee Conference as Undersecretary of State of the German Foreign Office. And even Luther's copy - marked as "geheime Reichssache" (top secret) - seems to have slipped systematic destruction by the German authorities only by chance. Against this backdrop, the main revisionist line of argumentation is characterized by the statement that - contrary to official statements - there exist not just one, but a few - and different - copies of the Wannsee Protocol.
According to most revisionists, the Wannsee Protocol is a forgery. This forgery allegedly had been fabricated in the late-1940s by the Western Allies for use as evidence in the 1948/49 Ministries Case of the Nuremberg Trials. With forgeries like these, a genocide of European Jews should be ascribed to individuals as well as to the German state and people in general. In support of this claim, revisionists compare two images of the first page of the Wannsee Protocol. One image shows a photo of the one and only found copy (which is filed in the archives of the German Foreign Office; cf. image 2). The other image shows a facsimile of the Protocol, as it is printed in the 1961 book "Eichmann und Komplizen" (Eichmann and Accomplices) by Robert M. W. Kempner (cf. image 3). Comparing these two images, one immediately spots differences: Different rubber-stamps were used, in one image appear SS-runes while in the other "SS" is written using Latin letters, and a reference number has in one case been written by hand, and in the other case by use of a typewriter.
Image 2 (left): Click for an enlargement. Wannsee Protocol, p. 1, PAAA, Akt. Inl. II g 177, l. 166. (A PDF can be downloaded here: http://www.ghwk.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf-wannsee/protokoll-januar1942.pdf.)
Image 3 (right): Click for an enlargement.. Wannsee Protocol, p. 1, in: Robert M. W. Kempner, Eichmann und Komplizen. Zürich/Stuttgart/Vienna 1961, p. 133.
How can that be? If only one document has been found, how can two facsimiles of this one document differ? The answer of the revisionists to these questions usually goes like this: To arrive at a convincing final product, the forgers had to produce a number of draft copies that were brought to perfection step by step. Thus, the document filed at the German Foreign Office archives is not the only Wannsee Protocol there is; moreover it is only the best of various drafts that came about during a kind of evolutionary process of forgery. According to the revisionists, the facsimile Kempner has "accidentally" published in his book, merely constitutes one of these earlier drafts.
This line of argumentation is also followed by revisionists, when it comes to other Wannsee documents. Again, two images are compared: on the one hand, a photo of the original document filed at the Foreign Office archives, and on the other hand, the facsimile Kempner published in his 1961 book. In all instances, while there are no differences in respect to the content, there are differences elsewhere. Looking at the two images of the same invitation letter of November 29, 1941 (cf. images 4 and 5), it is clear that while different typewriters have been used, the hand-written notes on top of the typed text is identical. Once more: What was written first (i.e. the typed text), differs; in contrast: what was written afterwards on top of it (i.e. the handwriting), is the same. Evaluating these confusing observations, revisionists claim that only by means of manipulation is such a thing imaginable.
Image 4 (left): Click for an enlargement.. Reinhard Heydrich's Wannsee letter of invitation to Martin Luther, 29.11.1941, p. 1, PAAA, Akt. Inl. II g 177, l. 188. (A PDF can be downloaded here: http://www.ghwk.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf-wannsee/luther_einladung_dezember1941.pdf.)
Image 5 (right): Click for an enlargement. Reinhard Heydrich's Wannsee letter of invitation to Martin Luther, 29.11.1941, p. 1, in: Robert M. W. Kempner, Eichmann und Komplizen. Zürich/Stuttgart/Vienna 1961, p. 127.
Leaving the revisionist claims aside for a moment, what are the facts here? How can these differences - that ought not to be there - be explained? In fact, what Kempner published in his 1961 Eichmann book are not facsimiles of the original filed documents, but rather facsimiles of copies that were meant to emulate the original documents. In the case of the Wannsee Protocol, Kempner published a retyped copy of the original document. In case of the Wannsee invitation letter and others, Kempner published photomontages. How they were produced can be reconstructed on the basis of a close examination of the facsimiles. In a first step, the typewritten text of the original document had been retyped on a white sheet of paper. In a second step, all features of the original document that could not be copied that easily (i.e. the letterhead, signatures, rubber-stamps, handwritings), were transmitted to the typed copy. This obviously was done by means of retouching a photograph of the original document. While the typed text had been erased, only features like the letterhead and handwriting remained, and only these were copied on the newly typed text. At close inspection, one is able to spot instances where the retouching has been conducted imprecisely.
Image 6 (top) (showing a detail of image 4). Please pay attention to the position of the letter "ä" of "Auswärtiges Amt" (instance 1) and the position of the letter "u" in "Luther" (instance 2) both in relation to the respective hand-written notes on top.
Image 7 (bottom) (showing a detail of image 5). While the whole block of handwriting has been copied from the original document to the newly typed text inaccurately (note that the handwriting is moved a little bit up and further to the right compared to image 6), both instances 1 and 2 show imprecisely retouched remnants of the letters "ä" and "u" in the exact position that can be seen in image 6.
Fifty years after the publication of Kempner's book and given the author's death in 1993, we are not able to know for certain the reasons for doing so. But there are serious arguments that the then existing state of printing and reproduction techniques may be the reason, at least the techniques employed at Kempner's publisher Europa Verlag. Given the numerous images in Kempner's book, it can be stated that reproducing the photograph of a document was only possible within a very limited degree of quality. Also, other reproduction methods could not be applied on a general basis, because documents had to meet certain requirements. These requirements (e.g., black and clearly defined contours of the script) were not met by the Wannsee documents. Instead, they merely offered pale letters on either rough and yellowish paper or on sandwich, paper-thin, translucent paper that had been written upon on both sides. Thus, reproducing the original Wannsee documents in a readable way would not have been possible. Since the goal of Kempner and his publisher was to allow a general readership an authentic impression of what these documents looked like, the only way was to copy them one way or another and reproduce the copy.
Kempner and his publisher deserve to be criticized for this procedure. First, because it is generally highly questionable to alter and manipulate historical documents. Second, because they did not comment in any way on the nature of the facsimiles and the various different reproduction techniques they employed. Thus, readers were indeed deceived when taking the facsimiles as an exact reproduction of the original documents. This lack of transparency is the starting point for revisionists; it offers them the possibility to undertake all kinds of comparisons and to question the authenticity and validity of the documents. Nevertheless, it has to be pointed out that revisionists only compare images of documents - and not documents themselves. Comparing master documents would be the procedure of choice for any serious historian, because only then can certain features be investigated and only then could reliable statements be made on the nature of the documents in question. Because there are no master documents available of the facsimiles in Kempner's book, all revisionist accusations are just unfounded claims.
Image 8 (left): US prosecutor Robert Max Wasilii Kempner (1899-1993) during the Ministries Case 1947-49 at Nuremberg, Germany. Photo: USHMM/courtesy of John W. Mosenthal; Photograph #16820, http://digitalassets.ushmm.org/photoarchives/detail.aspx?id=1058615&search=ROBERT&index=29.
Image 9 (right): Cover of the book "Eichmann und Komplizen" by Robert M. W. Kempner, published by Europa Verlag Zürich/Stuttgart/Vienna in 1961.
There are many books out there that deserve harsh criticism; what then makes the facsimiles in this "Eichmann und Komplizen" book special and the revisionist claims so explosive? This is due to the fact that the book's author, Robert M. W. Kempner, was not just any old person. Kempner was part of the prosecution team at the Nuremberg Trial of the Major War Criminals, and later served as US prosecutor in the Ministries Case, which was the second to last of the follow-up Nuremberg Trials. It was Kempner's team that discovered the Wannsee Protocol in March 1947, and it was Kempner who immediately used the document in interrogations and who introduced it at the trial. Thus, damaging the credibility and reliability of Kempner also means damaging the Wannsee Protocol itself. If Kempner (who fought the Nazis by means of the law while being employed as a legal advisor in Prussia's Ministry of the Interior and left Germany for the US in 1935 because he was Jewish) is questionable, then the Protocol is too.
Area II: Bureaucratic Formalities and Witness Reports
To appear trustworthy, revisionists present themselves as critical researchers, questioning all that others take for granted. Revisionists claim to stringently following the rules and methods of the historical profession; by doing so, they allegedly uncover mistakes, falsifications, forgeries and purposeful manipulations by so-called "established" historians. In order to make the point that all historians are wrong and only revisionists are able to get to the suppressed truth, they employ the historiographical tool of Quellenkritik, or the "critical assessment of sources". Usually, historians use Quellenkritik to determine the authenticity of sources and their reliability, and when they want to discover what can be derived from these sources. Pretending to investigate the features of the documents in a reasonable way, revisionists claim that the Protocol could not be authentic. According to them, crucial bureaucratic features that ought to be there are missing. They ask: Where is the rubber-stamp displaying the date when the document arrived at its destination? Where is the obligatory signature? Where is the obligatory reference number? Where is the name of the issuing authority and person and where is the date of issue?
These questions are exactly the questions any serious historians would ask themselves when dealing with any historical document. But the revisionists' intentions are of a different kind - they employ these perfectly legitimate and necessary questions to deceive their readership and to convince them that the Wannsee Protocol is of a somewhat dubious nature. What is suppressed by the revisionists is the simple fact that the Wannsee Protocol was not prepared and not sent out as an isolated document by itself. Instead, it was an attachment to a letter of invitation for a Wannsee follow-up conference. It is on this higher-ranking cover letter (dated February 26, 1942; cf. image 10), where all the features can be found that revisionists complained about on the Protocol.
Image 10 (left): Click for an enlargement. Reinhard Heydrich's letter of invitation to Martin Luther, 26.2.1942, PAAA, Akt. Inl. II g 177, l. 165. (A PDF can be downloaded here: http://www.ghwk.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf-wannsee/begleitschreiben-heydrich-1942.pdf.)
Image 11 (right): Click for an enlargement. Wannsee Protocol, p. 1, PAAA, Akt. Inl. II g 177, l. 166. (A PDF can be downloaded here: http://www.ghwk.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf-wannsee/protokoll-januar1942.pdf.)
Isolating two documents that need to be seen in context is all there is to this both simple and striking act of sleight of hand. Many years ago, the then director of the memorial site House of the Wannsee Conference Gerhard Schoenberner and historian Peter Klein pointed out this manipulation. The revisionists' response to being debunked is worth mentioning here. While they admitted that all the bureaucratic formalities were indeed to be found on the cover letter, they claimed that the Protocol ought to also show these formalities. Only if this were the case, could one be sure that individual pages or all of them had not been replaced. Moreover, contemporary regulations concerning top secret documents called for such a procedure. To be clear: According to revisionists, an authentic Wannsee Protocol would have to display on every single one of its 15 pages all bureaucratic formalities: all rubber stamps, dates, signatures, reference numbers, names, etc. Some revisionists even claim that because the margin width was not correct and the line pitch were not as they should be, the whole Protocol was not sufficiently authorized, not effective legally, and thus worthless for historiography.
It has to be stressed that all official regulations, norms, requirements and orders adduced by the revisionists against the Wannsee documents were never effective either for the issuing authority (Reich Security Main Office) or the receiving authority (Foreign Office). Again, this revisionist argument has to be considered as a crude attempt to damage the Wannsee documents by use of allegedly objective benchmarks - against the general assumption that Nazi bureaucracy had been perfect. Thus, even the slightest deviations from virtual norms are used as clear-cut "evidence" that the documents were forgeries, not one word is wasted on the question of how general requirements were put into real-life practice in respective areas of competency.
To complement this, another striking pattern of revisionist argumentation is used. It goes like this: Even if all of the - as shown above: absurd - revisionist demands in terms of authenticity and bureaucratic formalities were met, the document in question might still constitute a forgery. Because, after the end of the war, the Allies had access to all papers, rubber-stamps, typewriters and files, therefore all kinds of forged documents are possible - forgeries that are undetectable. In short, while exonerating files were systematically destroyed, incriminating and perfectly fabricated documents were created. With this surprise coup, revisionists consider all German files as potential forgeries, even if these files meet their own demands in terms of authenticity. Using this rationale, there is no possibility to determine the authenticity of any document and historiography is made impossible. However, it is telling that the suspicion that all captured German documents might be forged is only applied to those which are "incriminating". In contrast, captured documents which count for the revisionists as "exonerating" are naturally considered authentic.
Selecting sources in this tendentious way can be best observed when looking at how revisionists deal with witness reports of participants of the Wannsee Conference (some of them gave testimonies during police interrogations and while standing trial after 1945). In general, revisionists consider testimonies to be truthful and convincing when the participants claim not to have been at Wannsee, not to remember anything or to remember things differently and when they deny responsibility or claim not to have received the Protocol in the first place. It is worth looking at how revisionists deal with the testimony of Adolf Eichmann, who was more or less the only participant to deny neither Wannsee nor its purpose. Of course, during his Jerusalem trial and the pre-trial interrogations, Eichmann embedded his testimony on Wannsee in his general defense strategy, and historians should use it very cautiously. Nevertheless, Eichmann contributed valuable information on the development of the Conference as well as details. For example, he admitted his participation, that he was responsible for taking notes and writing the Protocol. He also admitted he contributed to the preparation and follow-up tasks, and confirmed that the topic was the genocide of European Jewry. Revisionists either keep silent about Eichmann's testimony, simply deny it or claim that Eichmann had been tortured and/or brainwashed. It is telling that none of the revisionists mentions that during his stay in Argentina in the 1950s, as a free man and without any constraints, Eichmann told the same things to his former SS comrade Willem Sassen during the course of an interview.
Area III: Linguistics and Semantics
At the center of another line of revisionist argumentation stands the wrong but widespread perception that the murder of all European Jews had been decided at Wannsee. The Protocol's authenticity is not denied, instead it is argued that all historians are misinterpreting it in a negative way without justification. Three steps are employed: First, revisionists suggest that the widespread opinion of the "Wannsee decision" is generally held and advocated by scholars. Second, revisionists try to destroy this very opinion. For example, they point to the fact that none of the participants at Wannsee was in a position to decide upon such a grave matter and, according to the Protocol, no such decision had been discussed or taken. Third, revisionists accuse historians collectively of knowingly misinforming the public and at the same time systematically suppressing the truth that there was no decision at Wannsee. Some revisionists take it even further and suggest that if historians lie about Wannsee, they may also lie about the Holocaust. This leads to the argument that if the Holocaust decision was not taken at Wannsee, there may be no decision at all - and where there is no decision, there can be no implementation. All of that is based upon a simple trick: to claim that the "Wannsee decision" is commonly held by scholars. This is not the case. Since the early 1960s at the latest, historians agree that no decision was taken at Wannsee and in countless books and articles published since, this overrated interpretation of Wannsee is addressed explicitly.
But how can revisionists claim the exact opposite? Again, by using a very simple sleight of hand. They pick out one historian speaking against the "Wannsee decision" and suggest that he is the only historian deviating from the otherwise "Wannsee decision" dogma. Yehuda Bauer is one such historian the revisionists picked. Time and time again, revisionists quote Bauer's statement in the weekly "The Canadian Jewish News" covering a 1992 historians' conference: "The public still repeats, time after time, the silly story that at Wannsee the extermination of the Jews was arrived at." (Cf. image 12.) The newspaper's coverage is not only lurid, it is plain wrong, when it reports the sensation that Bauer, as the first (and maybe only) historian, rejected and debunked an opinion that until this moment was commonly held by historians. Bauer was far from the first scholar who has rejected the "Wannsee decision" - as already said, this was accepted by historians for decades. But for revisionists, the short newspaper article provides a bonanza: referring to a Jewish historian quoted in a Jewish newspaper, revisionists claim that these days even Bauer accepts the revisionist position that Wannsee was fairly marginal and a "silly story" in general. This, of course, is not what Bauer said, and it is hardly surprising that all revisionists keep silent about Bauer's next sentence: "Wannsee was but a stage in the unfolding of the process of mass murder".
Image 12: Cutting from "The Canadian Jewish News", 30.1.1992, p. 8.
Beyond manipulating and omitting quotes in such ways, revisionists focus on the language of the Protocol itself. On the basis of style, vocabulary, syntax and figures of speech, revisionists try to argue that the Protocol could not have been written by a German native speaker. Or, if it was, the author surely must have been a German-Jewish emigrant out of touch with his mother tongue for some time. In other words: when investigating certain words and expressions which are allegedly uncommon in German, revisionists claim the Protocol is either a bad translation from American English, or it is influenced strongly by it. In any event, the Protocol's author could never be Eichmann or one of his staff, and therefore it can not be authentic.
The whole Protocol is scanned for anything that seems questionable in the eyes of the revisionists. Bureaucratic set phrases, figures of speech that are to be found in any official letter issued by authorities are marked as "un-German", just as all other nested, never-ending sentences that are hardly understandable. To linguists and students of German as a foreign language this argument must sound ridiculous - surely they would consider typically German what the revisionists call "un-German". Moreover, revisionists pick out single elements and comment on them in a more than a crude fashion. Among these comments, one can find: "No German man expresses himself like that, much less a high-ranking officer"; "Here we observe the 'New German' butchered by the American English; 49 years forestalled". Or, when commenting on the Protocol's list of Jews to be deported from Italy ("Italy, including Sardinia: 58,000"), one revisionist wrote: "In Europe, it was known what belonged to Italy. The list originated from Northern America, which is uneducated in regard of geography". Furthermore, a figure of speech that is uncommon in German as it is spoken in Germany, is claimed to be a bad translation from American English - disregarding the fact, that this particular figure is a common, and even formal, expression in Austria's variation of German. The absurdity of the revisionist claim is revealed when noting the fact that the author of the Protocol - Adolf Eichmann - lived in Austria during his childhood and worked there for many years thereafter. Thus, from a linguistic point of view, phrasings and expressions here and there typical of Austrian German are evidence for Eichmann's authorship of the Protocol, not against it.
A second revisionist line of argumentation in terms of language advances the notion that the Wannsee Protocol does not contain indicators of an intended genocide, but instead gives evidence that Heydrich had the same noble vision of establishing a Jewish state as the Zionists. The basis for this claim is the camouflage language the Nazis used: Instead of terms like "Ermordung" (murder), softer expressions were adopted: "natürliche Verminderung" (natural attrition), "entsprechende Behandlung" (suitable treatment), "Lösung von Problemen" (solution of problems) and not least "Endlösung der Judenfrage" (Final Solution of the Jewish Question). This technique can be observed best in the following paragraph (p. 7/8 of the Protocol, an English translation of the whole Protocol can be read here):
In the course of the final solution and under approriate [sic] direction, the Jews are to be utilized for work in the East in a suitable manner. In large labor columns and separated by sexes, Jews capable of working will be dispatched to these regions to build roads, and in the process a large number of them will undoubtedly drop out by way of natural attrition. Those who ultimately should possibly get by will have to be given suitable treatment because they unquestionably represent the most resistant segments and therefore constitute a natural elite that, if allowed to go free, would turn into a germ cell of renewed Jewish revival. (Witness the experience of history.)
Image 13: Clippings from the Wannsee Protocol, p. 7 and 8, PAAA, Akt. Inl. II g 177, l. 172 and 173. (A PDF can be downloaded here: http://www.ghwk.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf-wannsee/protokoll-januar1942.pdf)
This paragraph of the Protocol is essential and shows what Heydrich had in mind: not only deportation, but also forced labor as a method of murder. The survivors would be especially dangerous because they would be the most resistant. These would then have to be treated accordingly (meaning: killed), because if not, they would constitute the beginning of a new Jewish "super race".
What do revisionists make of this paragraph? They begin with admitting that the forced labor described above surely was hard. Immediately afterward, they relativize by way of arguing that this type of labor had been forced upon everybody by external circumstances during war times, as it always has been in wars. But still, the Nazi forced labor also served a higher end, because it functioned as an evolutionary process of selection. It helped to find a Jewish elite. This elite - the best of the best - would be indispensable, if after the war a Jewish state was to be built in the East according to Nazi plans. So, revisionists put forth that the Nazis intended to assist and train this Jewish elite in preparation for its role; in other words, they should be "treated accordingly".
What revisionists are doing here is transforming a program of murder for eleven million human beings into a process of state building. To accomplish this task, they decontextualize the more or less disguised intentions contained in the Wannsee Protocol and place them in a different context, giving them thereby other meanings. One thing indispensable for this is the - incorrect - claim that the term "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" always meant nothing but resettlement, and never extermination. Another necessary claim is that the so-called forced labor (which would be the reason for "natural attrition") was due to external and almost fateful constraints only, but not too well thought-out policy. Eventually, these alleged constraints are suggested to be "inflicted trials" that existed forever and which were accepted in all kinds of religions and ideologies, especially in Zionism. In the end, these "trials" would be nothing less than the will and an act of God, and thus embraced by Jews and Zionists. It is not difficult to see the parallel revisionists draw here: Basically, World War II and the Flood as well as Noah and Heydrich, are to be compared with one another.
Revisionists and the Wannsee Conference in Context
To conclude, it may be said that in revisionists' attempts to reframe the Wannsee Conference, the Wannsee Protocol as a historical documentary source only played a minor part. Far more important seems to be the "symbol" aspect: Wannsee as a code for systematic murder, for bureaucratically coordinated genocide, for the Holocaust in general. Once the symbolism of Wannsee is undermined or even destroyed, the image of the Holocaust is also affected. It would be too far-reaching to state that when revisionists attack Wannsee, they actually mean the Holocaust and only the Holocaust. Nevertheless, it is clear that before one can deny the Holocaust in a sophisticated way, one first has to deal with Wannsee. If the Holocaust is to be erased from history, the Wannsee Conference and the Wannsee Protocol have to be erased first.
In any case, revisionist attacks on the Wannsee Protocol are but one piece of a bigger puzzle and ought to be seen in this wider context. As indicated before, further pieces of this puzzle are the claims that the German Reich was not responsible for the outbreak of World War II, that the German crimes never had happened, or, if they did, they merely were part of regular warfare of which all war parties are equally guilty. These pieces add up to a revisionist conception of history, in which National Socialism, its leaders and agents are relieved of the burden of that which is morally reprehensible. Or, if they remain burdened by atrocities they committed, the weight should at least appear not heavier than the burden on all the others. Usually, revisionists start where historical research seems to be incomplete, where there are flaws, ambiguities and controversies. Even though the starting points and starting questions of the revisionists are often legitimate (as has been shown), their fallacious answers to these questions serve other purposes. What they intend is to replace the dominant negative image we have of National Socialism, by brushing aside with one sweep what generations of scholars all over the world have established.
It is important to bear in mind that revisionists are anything but a homogeneous group. But the one thing they have in common, no matter how different their methods, political world views and backgrounds, is anti-Semitism. Without the traditional anti-Semitic construct of a Jewish world conspiracy, revisionist writings are not possible. Underlying all revisionist writings is the idea that this alleged conspiracy is using false allegations of all kinds against Germany to dominate it and to gain money for Israel and the Jews. The implicit or explicit claim of a conspiracy of "World Jewry", which has at its command immense power and all means imaginable to make up and fabricate vast quantities of documents (the Wannsee Protocol being just one), is as irrational as the other revisionist line of argumentation: namely that for decades this Jewish conspiracy managed to influence all historians so that they - intentionally or unintentionally - misinterpret the allegedly innocuous Wannsee Protocol as proof of an intended genocide. Thus, irrationality and anti-Semitism constitute the basis of this kind of historical falsification.


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Home Public Buildings Advanced Fire Panels Selected for Upgrade at Major UK Hospital
Advanced Fire Panels Selected for Upgrade at Major UK Hospital
by Marcus Carter September 9, 2020
Advanced Fire Panels Selected for Site-Wide System Upgrade at Major UK Hospital
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Will Taylor, Service & Small Works Manager at Grainger Fire & Security, said: "As Wythenshawe is one of the largest teaching hospitals in the UK, we needed a solution that offered superior programming and networking capabilities, ensuring the highest levels of protection across the site.
"As our preferred panel choice, we have recommended Advanced for a number of years. Its MxPro 5 panels are both easy to use and install and offer the features required to competently protect the hospital and its multiple buildings that each have individual cause and effect programming."
The upgrade to the system will also see the introduction of ipGateway, Advanced's fully interactive internet portal that presents the user with a detailed description of the current status of the fire system. The ability to remotely interrogate the fire system is a valuable benefit for both the end user and Grainger Fire and Security, who will be able to pre-empt problems. Not only will this provide additional peace of mind for hospital users, it will also save time, money and inconvenience by reducing unnecessary service visits to site.
Neil Parkin, Advanced's Regional Sales Manager for the North, said: "The cause and effect programming capabilities of our panels provide tangible benefits to customers when protecting large-scale sites such as hospitals, university campuses or airport terminals.
"Once the system at Wythenshawe Hospital is up and running, features such as AlarmCalm, our built-in false alarm management and reduction software, will work to radically reduce the number of unwanted alarms and the impact they have on patients and staff. It's a pleasure to be able to support Grainger Fire & Security on this project, and I have complete confidence that our products will provide the dependable solution required."
MxPro 5 is the fire industry's leading multiprotocol fire system solution and was recently certified by FM Approvals to the EN 54 standard. It offers customers a choice of two panel ranges, four detector protocols and a completely open installer network, backed up by free training and support. MxPro panels can be used in single-loop, single-panel format or easily configured into high-speed networks of up to 200 panels covering huge areas. MxPro's ease of installation and configuration, as well as its wide peripheral range, make it customisable to almost any application.
Advanced, owned by FTSE 100 company Halma PLC, protects all manner of prestigious and high-profile sites across the globe, from London's Shard and the Berkeley Hotel to Abu Dhabi International Airport and the Hagia Sophia historic site in Turkey.
Halma is a global group of life-saving technology companies with a clear purpose to grow a safer, cleaner, healthier future for everyone, every day.
Advanced is a world leader in the development and manufacture of intelligent fire systems. Advanced's reputation for performance, quality and ease of use see its products specified in locations around the world, from single-panel installations to large, multi-site networks. Advanced's products include complete fire detection systems, multiprotocol fire panels, extinguishing control, fire paging and false alarm management systems.
For more information visit https://uk.advancedco.com/
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Kabanjak, the wizard behind the music of Ancient Astronauts, is back with a new solo release on Switchstance Recordings. Just in time for the hot summer season he comes with a 100% Reggae EP that shows his love and respect for the originators in Reggae & Dub recording and production. Inspired by the wizardry of a Lee "Scratch" Perry or King Tubby, Kabanjak recorded a fully organic "Dubs & Downs" release that will let the heart of every true Reggae lover beat stronger.
Guest appearances on the album come from jamaican singer Amlak Redsquare (the nephey of Dancehall legend Spragga Benz) and horn player Til Schneider.
Summer time is Reggae time. As simple as that. Ancient Astronauts are big fans of old Rockers Reggae and Dub and this influences could be heard on our last albums.
This time Kabanjak comes up with a brand new release on Switchstance Recordings that reveals the big influence some of the big names in Reggae like King Tubby, Augustus Pablo or Lee "Scratch" Perry had on his production. His new release "Dubs & Downs" is an all organic Reggae release with a big load of Melodica and Bass. All instruments are played by Kabanjak himself as well as the complete production, arrangement, programming and mixing is out of his hands.
This will be out worlwide through Switchstance Recordings as a digital release (download & stream) on the 30th of June and can then be found in all digital stores (Spotify, iTunes, Apple Music, Deezer, Tidal, etc) around the globe.
we are back with a new DJ mix loaded with Dancehall Reggae, Hip Hop, Dope Beats, Breakbeats and even a slice of Latin heavy Moombahton riddims. Most of these tunes come from the Switchstance Recordings artist environment (Deela, Kabanjak, Broken Puppets, Ancient Astronauts, Poldoore). Add some Dancehall heavyweights like Ward 21, Shabba Ranks or Elephant Man, Hip Hop veterans like Nas or Biggie and world groove orientated artists such as Nickodemus or Thornato to the mix and you can imagine the whole picture.
Through the sunshine of this beautiful spring days Ancient Astronauts production wizard Kabanjak got inspired to add his classic Dub Reggae song "Ketama Dub" as a FREE download to his Bandcamp page.
The song is set to "name your price" which means you can simply add 0,- and receive it totally for free or you can add a value as a kind of donation. No pressure, nothing. Just do as you like.
Some might not be familar with his works, but will have heard his melodies and harmonies here or there in there life. Sampled by Dr. Dre, DJ Shadow, Lauryn Hill and many many more, David Axelrod had his hands on the groove and the rhythm.
Once again the world has lost a great musical soul.
Dogu of Ancient Astronauts wants to give you some local insight into the nightlife of Cologne / Germany. The SPIRITS, one of Germany´s best cocktail bars (winner of 2 Mixology Bar Awards in 2014), is the place to go in Cologne when you want to have a quality cocktail mixed with quality music.
This place is not one of those sprinkling you with spotify playlists, the SPIRITS has a selection of Cologne´s finest music selectors presenting their finest tunes from Thursday to Saturday.
We hope all of you out there had a positive and fun start into 2017!
It´s winter time and it´s cold outside. Ok true, it depends on where you are based, but here in Germany it´s freezing cold right now. And this brings us to legendary Austrian Snowboard crew the ÄSTHETIKER. For more than a decade these guys were known to reveal the full joy and fun part of Snowboarding, with the addition of Skateboarding and Surfing. The ÄSTHETIKER crew, consisting of pro snowboarders like Steve Gruber, Tommy "Beckna" Eberharter, Wolle Nyvelt and more, always incorporated the true Freestyle ästhetics in a nice & easy laid-back style.
Our homie and favorite scratcher DJ Brace is touring China right now after his successful year with the DMC World Championships.


Who are the DUP Westminster power brokers and what price will they demand?
With no party holding an overall majority in the House of Commons, the Democratic Unionists are emerging as power brokers in propping up a Tory minority government.
Northern Ireland's largest party, which returned 10 MPs to Westminster, has said any deal to support Theresa May would be unlikely to extend beyond a confidence and supply arrangement.
DUP leader Arlene Foster said she had spoken to the Prime Minister and her party would enter discussions with the Conservatives to explore how it may be possible to bring stability to our nation at this time of great challenge.
Sky's Ireland correspondent David Blevins said: If they're going to squeeze out some concession from the Tories, is that concession going to frustrate Sinn Fein to the point where the prospect of devolution disappears and there is direct rule from Westminster again in Northern Ireland – with the potential of that direct rule being imposed by a Tory government shored up by the Democratic Unionists.
Jeffrey Donaldson, the DUP's chief whip, has said the hung parliament puts us in a very strong negotiating position.
But what does the party stand for and what is it likely to demand to enable the Tories to form an administration?
While it campaigned to leave the EU, the DUP is keen to maintain a frictionless border with the Irish Republic, because of the commercial benefits it brings.
The party's leader Arlene Foster has spoken out against a hard Brexit, which could threaten this, and so will almost certainly make this a red line.
The party also called in its manifesto for an appropriate support programme for Northern Ireland farmers after Brexit.
EU agricultural subsidies are worth about £350m a year and so a guarantee on this could form a part of any deal at Westminster.
It also called for a fair share for Northern Ireland from dividends from leaving the EU.
While wanting to maintain close links with the UK, the staunchly pro-union party wants the power to reduce its cooperation tax rate to at least 12.5%, in line with the Republic.
The DUP backs the continuation of the triple lock on retirement payouts, which the Tories had proposed to ditch.
It has also pledged to resist any assault on universal benefits such as the the winter fuel allowance, which the Conservatives also wanted to curb.
The DUP supports the renewal of the submarine-based nuclear deterrent, in common with the Conservatives.
It is critical of the historical investigations of deaths during the Troubles, which it argues have been disproportionately against former police officers and soldiers. It branded it a one-sided approach which only serves those who want to rewrite the past.
The DUP has called for a new start on the holding of controversial parades, arguing there has been an exclusion of Orangeism from ever greater areas of public space.
(c) Sky News 2017: Who are the DUP Westminster power brokers and what price will they demand?
Previous articleLIVE BLOG: Polls Are Closed – Who Will Be The Isle Of Wight's Next MP?


German Research Foundation (DFG) Research Group (FOR 2104): Need-based justice, group membership and expertise (Principal Investigator, Sub-Project B2). This project studies the influence of the procedure of collective needs-recognition on the legitimacy of the distributive choice under consideration of the expert hypothesis. (http://bedarfsgerechtigkeit.hsu-hh.de/).
Volkswagen Foundation, Research Cooperation Lower Saxony & Israel, Lower Saxony: The causal effect of public sector identity on moral behaviour (Principal Investigator together with Raanan Sulitzeanu-Kenan, Hebrew University).This project studies the causal effects of public sector identity on moral behavior, values and motivations among public sector affiliates.
Ministry of Science and Education (MWK Nds.), Lower Saxony: Results of Municipal Elections in Lower Saxony from 1996 to 2017: Development and Application of a new data set for the empirical study of municipal elections (Principal Investigator).
German Research Foundation (DFG) Research Group (FOR 2104): Needs-Based Justice and Distribution Procedures (Principal Investigator, Sub-Project B2). The aim of the project is to provide input for a positive and empirically informed normative theory of needs-based distribution procedures based on experimental evidence (http://bedarfsgerechtigkeit.hsu-hh.de/).
German Research Foundation (DFG) Research Grant: Legislative oversight of ministerial bureaucracy. Institutional design, formal modeling and experimental validation. (Principal Investigator together with Susumu Shikano, University of Konstanz). The goal of the research project is to analyze the effect that different institutional configurations of the delegation between politics and ministerial administration have, based on the Principle-Agent theory and to empirically validate a formal solution through laboratory experiments.
Fritz-Thyssen Foundation (FTS): Pro-social motives of civil servants in the context of administrative modernization. A field experimental analysis of subject-pool effects (Principal Investigator). This project uses lab-in-the field experiments to measure and compare prosocial behavior and risk preferences among three groups of students: public administration, economics and law.


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Home > Journals > Journal of Medical Entomology > Volume 49 > Issue 3 > Article
1 May 2012 Impacts of Wolbachia Infection on Predator Prey Relationships: Evaluating Survival and Horizontal Transfer between wMelPop Infected Aedes aegypti and Its Predators
Timothy P. Hurst, Geoff Pittman, Scott L. O'Neill, Peter A. Ryan, Hoang Le Nguyen, Brian H. Kay
Timothy P. Hurst,1,* Geoff Pittman,2 Scott L. O'Neill,3 Peter A. Ryan,1,3 Hoang Le Nguyen,4 Brian H. Kay1
11Mosquito Control Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital,
23California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125
34School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Victoria, Australia.
45National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.
*Corresponding author, e-mail: tim.hurst@qimr.edu.au.
J. of Medical Entomology, 49(3):624-630 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1603/ME11277
The wMelPop strain of Wolbachia is currently being investigated for its potential use as a biological control agent to reduce the ability of Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquitoes to transmit dengue viruses. The survival of a potential wMelPop infected Ae. aegypti strain for field release is important as a higher susceptibility to predation in the wMelPop strain could result in difficulties in achieving fixation. We investigated immature and adult survival as a function of susceptibility to predation by six naturally occurring predator species; cyclopoid copepods, fish, predatory Toxorhynchites mosquito larvae and a salticid jumping spider. The trials indicated that wMelPop infected and uninfected Ae. aegypti larvae and adults were equally susceptible to predation to all six tested predators. In addition to evaluating any potential fitness costs to the infected host, we were unable to demonstrate horizontal transfer of wMelPop via consumption of infected Ae. aegypti larvae to the above predators. That susceptibility to predation was consistent across mosquito life stage, predator species and experimental venue is strong evidence that despite the neurotrophic and extensive nature of wMelPop infection, behavioral changes are not occurring, or at least not a determining factor in survival when exposed to a predator. Based on our results and the ecology of Wolbachia and mosquito predators, horizontal transfer of wMelPop from Ae. aegypti into naturally occurring predators is not cause for concern.
© 2012 Entomological Society of America
Timothy P. Hurst, Geoff Pittman, Scott L. O'Neill, Peter A. Ryan, Hoang Le Nguyen, and Brian H. Kay "Impacts of Wolbachia Infection on Predator Prey Relationships: Evaluating Survival and Horizontal Transfer between wMelPop Infected Aedes aegypti and Its Predators," Journal of Medical Entomology 49(3), 624-630, (1 May 2012). https://doi.org/10.1603/ME11277
Received: 9 December 2011; Accepted: 7 February 2012; Published: 1 May 2012
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Wolbachia
Timothy P. Hurst, Geoff Pittman, Scott L. O'Neill, Peter A. Ryan, Hoang Le Nguyen, Brian H. Kay "Impacts of Wolbachia Infection on Predator Prey Relationships: Evaluating Survival and Horizontal Transfer between wMelPop Infected Aedes aegypti and Its Predators," Journal of Medical Entomology, 49(3), 624-630, (1 May 2012)


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Action Cards
Buy Havana
Havana Fan Site
Rating: 7 Good
Playing time: 30-45 minutes
Created by: Reinhard Staupe, Michael Menzel
Published by: 999 Games, eggertspiele, Filosofia Éditions
Alternate Names: La Havane, Havanna, Hawana
Havana is a tactical game for 2-4 players by Reinhard Staupe that inspired by its easy entry, the constantly changing order of players and countless courses of action.
The order of players is determined by the value of the laid-out cards. Would you rather have a siesta and rest for a while or buy some building materials at the black market? The more powerful cards are played only later in the turn.
In Havana you acquire victory points by constructing buildings, available as tiles displayed on the table. To take a building you must pay its requirements - some combination of money, workers and building materials. More difficult combinations yield more victory points.
Furthermore, not all of the available buildings on the table are ripe for the taking, as only the ones on the right and left hand border of the 2 rows of buildings are available for selection.
The game's core mechanic revolves around identical decks of 13 cards for each player, of which only 2 are played per round. But in addition to the card's function, the numerical combination of cards played is important (e.g. a card with a value of 3 and 4, result in the value 34) as the player with the lowest combined number acts first.
So not only is the start player constantly changing, but it is also possible that a planned action cannot be taken, as another player has already used the same role. Not all roles are exclusive, so the turn order will also determine whether your "half of all pesos in the middle" is half of eight, or half of four (if a player before you played the same card).
Some roles allow you to tax others or steal from them, and some cards defend against this, so it's not all just collecting pieces in a solitary manner. Some combinations require the presence of an architect, so you must choose whether to use one of your two card spots for him.
Other cards add different twists. What and when to choose, who to hurt, and what you're aiming for, make up the game's main decisions.
These different ideas make Havana its own game even if some of it is familiar. It's shorter and lighter than many similar games, as well.
Tric Trac Nominee 2010
JoTa Best Card Game Nominee 2010
BluffingCard GameHand ManagementMemorySet CollectionSimultaneous Action Selection
Havana Game Rules
The revolution in Cuba is over. Now, many magnificent buildings are being built in the capital city Havanna to make it gleam in renewed splendor.
Each player holds the same 13 action cards. In each round, two cards are laid out face-up in front of each player with which he carries out two actions. He can take pesos or building materials (brick = red, sandstone = yellow, glass = blue, loam = brown, debris = gray), hire workers, bring his master builder into play, collect taxes, send out thieves, tear down buildings, and more. …
Read MoreGame RulesCard GameBluffingSet Collection
Havana Action Cards
0 Siesta
This card causes no action, but it is very helpful in generating as low a number as possible, thus playing early on in the turn and making the most use of the second action card.
1 Refreshment
The player may, but does not have to, carry out the action.
If you want to save for valuable buildings by collecting a lot of building materials and/or Pesos, you may also want to protect yourself in time from thieves and tax collectors. …
Read MoreCard GameBluffingSet Collection


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Ralph Hasenhuttl
Nuno proud of Wolves comeback; Hasenhuttl fumes at VAR
By Joe Prince-WrightJan 18, 2020, 1:53 PM EST
It is safe to say that the managers of Southampton and Wolverhampton Wanderers had contrasting emotions after the dramatic 3-2 victory for the visitors at St Mary's on Saturday.
Saints led 2-0 at half time but a stunning second half comeback, led by Mexico's Raul Jimenez who scored twice, grabbed Wolves all three points.
With his squad banged up and missing Ruben Vinagre, Willy Boly and Diogo Jota among others, Wolves boss Nuno Espirito Santo was beaming at the final whistle after a lengthy celebration with the Wolves fans in the away end.
"It was amazing, the second half," Santo smiled. "They [the players] realized the first half was not good. They reacted very well. I am very proud of the players and I was proud even in the first half because I am very aware of how we were doing things. Let's keep on going."
As for Southampton's perspective, Ralph Hasenhuttl was not a happy man.
But not because of how his team played. He was fuming at the officials and VAR due to the decision to award a penalty kick to Wolves for their second goal. Referee Darren England didn't award a penalty kick as Jonny went down in the box under contact from Cedric and then Jack Stephens but VAR intervened and awarded the spot kick.
"For me it is absolutely not a clear wrong decision. I think the referee was right in that moment," Hasenhuttl fumed. "Cedric was in front of him and it wasn't a clear wrong decision, in my opinion. The referee was right. I don't know why they overruled in that moment. I cannot understand it. I really can't. Cedric was in front of the ball so he [Jonny] had no chance to get to the ball. You can give it, yes, but it is not a clear wrong. I heard that VAR was overruling when it is clearly wrong. For me, it was not clearly wrong. This is what I cannot understand."
Cedric's nudge on Jonny probably wasn't a foul and although Stephens didn't make contact, his challenge was reckless. Hasenhuttl is perhaps looking to detract a little of the attention away from his players who crumbled after leading 2-0.
In truth, that lead was flattering in a pretty even game that Wolves had dominated early, and although Southampton's incredible run of form (six wins in nine PL games before this) is over, they are still six points above the relegation zone.
This was a big moment in the season for both teams. Had Saints won they'd have been level with Wolves but a massive comeback victory now propels Nuno's boys up to sixth and in with a chance of a top four finish.
That will surely persuade their owners to spend money in the final days of the January transfer window as their tired and stretched squad will also have to cope with the latter stages of the Europa League in the coming months.
Tags: Premier League, Southampton, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Ba, Cedric, Diogo Jota, Jack Stephens, Jota, Nuno Espirito Santo, Ralph Hasenhuttl, Ruben Vinagre, Willy Boly
Jimenez leads stunning Wolves comeback
By Joe Prince-WrightJan 18, 2020, 12:20 PM EST
Wolves were 2-0 down at half time at Southampton on Saturday and won 3-2.
Jan Bednarek and Shane Long had put Saints in a comfortable position but then Pedro Neto made it 2-1 and Mexico's Raul Jimenez scored a penalty kick and a winner to send the Wolves fans wild.
The win was Wolves' first in six games in all competitions and moves them into sixth place, while Southampton saw their six game unbeaten run in all competitions come to an end in dramatic fashion.
3 things we learned
1. Saints implode at key moment: In truth, Saints were a little fortunate to be 2-0 up at half time in an even game. But after the way they've surged up the table with six wins in their last nine, you could see they were brimming with confidence. That is now gone. After beating Tottenham, Leicester and Chelsea spirits were high but Ralph Hasenhuttl will have to pick his team up from a shocking defeat. This feels like another key moment in their season as they now sit six points off the bottom three but a win or draw would see them much closer to the top six battle. Fine margins decide games and Long's header hit the post moments before Wolves made it 2-1. Saints' season can now go either way.
2. Wolves continue to rally from slow starts: They have conceded the first goal in a league-high 16 PL games this season and it is now seven in a row. But they keep fighting and they showed incredible spirit with Jimenez and Traore leading the charge, once again. Imagine where Wolves would be in the table if they actually started games well?
3. Top four now on for Santo's battered side: They are five points behind Chelsea and in the top four hunt now. Wolves have such a small squad and Santo wants to add to it, so expect them to do business with the Europa League knockout rounds and a possible top four push coming up. They are down to the bare bones with injuries to Vinagre, Boly and Jota hitting them hard but they are getting the job done in remarkable fashion.
Man of the Match: Raul Jimenez – He missed a few chances in the first half but was always a threat and finished his chances in the second half. Clever hold up play and pulled Southampton's defense all over the place.
Wolves looked dangerous early on as Adama Traore's deflected shot flew just wide but then Saints struck with their first attempt of the game.
James Ward-Prowse's free kick caused havoc and Bednarek cleaned up at the back post to slot home calmly and make it 1-0.
Saints should have doubled their lead as Cedric's header at the back post was a poor one, while Raul Jimenez went close on a couple of occasions.
After Jimenez flashed another shot wide Saints did double their lead, as Cedric's cross was finished clinically by Long for his first goal in 19 games.
[ VIDEO: Premier League highlights ]
Long hit the post with a header as Saints threatened to run away with things at the start of the second but moments later Wolves started their comeback.
Adama Traore surged down the right and crossed for Neto who controlled well then finished to half the deficit.
Wolves were level soon after as Jonny ran into the box and was brought down by a combination of Cedric and Jack Stephens in the box, as a penalty kick was awarded via VAR and Jimenez slotted home from the spot.
Nathan Redmond then went on an incredible run and smashed a shot from distance which clipped the crossbar and then Neto drilled over from a great position as it was end-to-end stuff in the closing stages.
Saints went close to scoring a winner as Jack Stephens couldn't hook home from close range as Wolves somehow cleared, and then Jimenez finished after great work from Traore to make it 3-2 and seal the stunning comeback.
Stephens and Sofiane Boufal missed chances for Southampton to nick a point as Wolves, who are short on players as injuries pile up, pulled off an amazing comeback win.
Tags: 2019-20 Premier League game recaps, Premier League, Southampton, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Ba, Cedric, Jack Stephens, James Ward-Prowse, Jan Bednarek, Jota, Nathan, Nathan Redmond, Pedro, Pedro Neto, Ralph Hasenhuttl, Shane Long, Sofiane Boufal
Local hero Danny Ings leading Saints with goals, smiles
SOUTHAMPTON — Danny Ings is on fire and has led his hometown club up the Premier League table and away from relegation trouble in recent months.
Southampton have won six of their last nine Premier League games and in that period only Liverpool have won more points than them, as Ralph Hasenhuttl's side have totally transformed their season. Ings scoring over 50 percent of their goals has, obviously, played a huge part in that as he's scored winners against Tottenham and Leicester in shock back-to-back victories.
The red-hot Saints host Wolverhampton Wanderers this Saturday (Watch live, 10 a.m. ET online via NBCSports.com) hoping to make it six wins in seven in all competitions as their amazing run of form has coincided with Ings being in the form of his life. With that in mind we went along to Southampton's training ground in England's New Forest National Park to speak to the man who sits second in the Premier League's goalscoring charts.
Full disclosure, this is not the first time I've met or spoken to Danny Ings. Back in 2015 I was working on a longform story detailing his rise to Liverpool, via Burnley and Bournemouth, as he'd just made his England debut after breaking into Liverpool's first team as a regular. I visited his dad Shayne and his partner Sue, and spoke to his family and others close to him as he was set to be the next big thing in English soccer at the age of 23.
Ings then ruptured his ACL in Jurgen Klopp's first training session as Liverpool boss. And then did it again two years later. He moved to his hometown club Southampton on an initial loan in 2018 and the $26 million deal became permanent last summer. It is the best deal Southampton have made in some time.
With 16 goals to his name in all competitions this season, and 10 in his last 11 appearances in the Premier League, he's in the form of his life in front of his family and friends. He is dubbed "King of the Scummers" by Saints fans who revel in his two goals in a 4-0 win away at League One Portsmouth, their bitter rivals, in the League Cup earlier this season and he admitted that game, and becoming even more of a local hero, kickstarted his season.
As he smiles widely while rubbing his heavily tattooed hand across his chin, Ings is thriving on the pressure placed on him at St Mary's, Saints' home stadium which is only a couple of miles away from where he grew up. The pressure to deliver match tickets each week for friends is one thing, but scoring goals as the No. 9 is on another level altogether.
"I think when I knew when I was coming here, I was inviting a lot of pressure on myself," Ings said. "To wear the number nine shirt in front of your hometown, there is a lot or pressure in that alone. But for me, because I was playing at Liverpool before that among lots of world class players who I've looked up to and tried to learn from, those were the guys who had more questions than I did after back-to-back knee operations. The craving of having that pressure on myself is something that I wanted for so long and coming here excites me to have that pressure because I know if I come off the pitch and I have scored a goal, it means a lot more to me."
Not content with just scoring goals for his hometown, Ings is also one of very few players who is working hard in the classroom too. He is currently completing an economics degree and is learning to play the guitar when he switches off from being the man of the moment. Add into that his tireless work in the community with the "Danny Ings Disability Sports Project" charity he set up to help children with disabilities, and he's doing all he can off the pitch.
On the pitch, Hasenhuttl, his boss at Saints, has labelled Ings 'outrageous' among other superlatives and recently said that the form of Ings is "due to him working his ass off" every day. Even on his off days. Ings spent his time off in the summer doing one thing: working his ass off.
He was in Portugal and Los Angeles and Miami training with nutritionists and performance coaches, Alex Parsons and Nicky Holender, who worked on building up his core strength ahead of what was a hugely important season.
After three serious knee injuries spread across his time at Burnley and Liverpool, is he making up for lost time?
"For me, I'm just having fun now, my mindset in my career right now is that if I put the work in Monday to Friday, and I know I've done everything I've done to prepare for the game ahead, I know I can go out and have fun at the weekend," Ings smiled. "I feel like people are really seeing that in my performances now, I am playing the game, I am smiling, I am happy. When I'm getting the chance I am trying to be as clinical as I can be. I'm not going to score every week, that's normal. But if I give myself the best chance of getting into those positions, I know that I can score more goals and there are plenty more games still to come in the season."
His return to form and fitness has led to calls for him to be called up by Gareth Southgate for the English national team in March. Ings is playing it cool when asked about a call up, but his former managers, current teammates and pundits are rallying behind the widely-loved striker who has been through tough times but has shown incredible mental strength to come out of it a better player.
With Jamie Vardy's retirement and Harry Kane's injury, a spot has opened up. Tammy Abraham, Callum Wilson and Marcus Rashford have been the other strikers in recent squads, but does Ings offer something slightly different?
"I would say we are all kind of different players in the way we play for our clubs and the way we have been over the course of our careers, really. Gareth will want a certain striker playing a certain way for him and it is all about what he wants," Ings said. "The way I am in the system here at the club, it is all about pressing, running behind, not having too many touches on the ball. If that is something that is different to the other lads and how Gareth wants to set his team up, then yeah, I'd say it is definitely a different way for me."
Playing for Eddie Howe at Bournemouth, Sean Dyche at Burnley, Brendan Rodgers and Klopp at Liverpool and now Hasenhuttl at Saints, the managers Ings have played for are very different and he thanks them all for developing his understanding of the game and all asking him to do different things. But the thing he has always done well is score goals. By the boatload.
Can he explain this glut of goals which has already culminated in his best-ever goalscoring season with 16 games of the season still to go? He has scored plenty of goals this season by sniffing around defenders, pouncing on mistakes and leading Saints' now famed press under Hasenhuttl.
"It is hard to put my finger on that. Every game I want to try and create as many chances as I can and be in the right positions when the lads are providing. I go back to the momentum, momentum is key," Ings said. "Any striker will tell you that when you are on a goal run you find yourself ending up in better positions to score goals, your focus is a lot stronger because you have the bug for scoring goals and trying to do the best you can for the team. That is the mindset I've been in this season. I am finding myself in great positions because the momentum is there and it is a hunger that we all have as goalscorers."
Ings is in lethal form at the moment and you will not find one person across the Premier League who is unhappy about it. From his high-pressing to his finishing, plenty of the PL's big boys will keep sniffing around Ings but he is keen to point out he is very happy at Southampton and isn't thinking about anything else.
What is achievable for the rest of the season with Saints, a team who had just two wins on the board heading into late November but are now just three points off possible European qualification?
"For every club you want to achieve the maximum you can. We've put ourselves in a position now where we have gone further away from where we were and we are edging closer to the teams in and around those [European] places. For us, I feel like it is important we maintain our momentum," Ings said. "Every game is so tough in the Premier League, you never know what's going to happen. If we start thinking too far ahead, we might lose a little bit of the focus in the game that is coming at the weekend. You can see how hard the lads are working now to be the best team we can be. You can see how it is clicking and that is the way moving forward. If you look too far ahead you might lose a bit of focus and it is important we don't do that."
With Southampton's fans signing his name loud and proud and hailing him as "one of our own" Ings is a happy man. Back at home, everybody wants to speak with him, everyone wants photos and everyone in the biggest city on England's South Coast wants tickets to watch him play.
His goals and smiles have been one of the stories of the Premier League season so far as he pushes for the Golden Boot in the final months of the campaign. After his injuries and heartache in recent years, seeing Danny Ings back smiling, and scoring, is a beautiful sight for anybody who loves the beautiful game.
The fact he can now celebrate with his family by jumping on a boat and going fishing in Southampton Water hours after being the hero on the banks of the River Itchen is an added bonus. And one he clearly loves.
Tags: Danny Ings, Premier League, Southampton, Ba, Brendan Rodgers, Callum Wilson, Danny Ings, Eddie Howe, Gareth Southgate, Harry Kane, Jamie Vardy, Jurgen Klopp, Marcus Rashford, Ralph Hasenhuttl, Sean Dyche, Tammy Abraham
PL Club Power Rankings: Week 22
The Premier League table's Top Two is back to what we've seen for most of the season. Our Club Power Rankings are following suit, and honestly we'd be stunned if they change the rest of the way.
Look: Liverpool and Manchester City may be the two best clubs in the world, even with and perhaps because of the latter's injury crisis.
The numbers are backing that up.
Green: New season-high ranking
Red: New season-low
[ MORE: PL Club Power Rankings archive ]
20. Norwich City — Can versatile Lukas Rupp help steady the midfield?
Last week: 20
Season high: 10
Season low: 20
Last match: Lost 4-0 at Man Utd
Up next: 10 a.m. ET Saturday v. Bournemouth
19. Aston Villa — Welcome back Pepe Reina. Enjoy your first proper relegation scrap.
Season high: 6
Last match: Lost 6-1 v. Man City
Up next: 10 a.m. ET Saturday at Brighton
18. Bournemouth — If the manager was anyone other than a club legend, he may've been fired. That's a credit to the Cherries, as they wouldn't be luring anyone better than Eddie Howe, anyway.
Last match: Lost 3-0 v. Watford
Up next: 10 a.m. ET Saturday at Norwich City
17. Burnley — Sean Dyche has done enough if similar situations to make us leery of doubting him, but talent-wise this is one of his biggest challenges yet.
Last match: Lost 3-0 at Chelsea
Up next: 9 a.m. ET Sunday v. Leicester City
16. West Ham United — David Moyes isn't going to win them all. Beating his longtime club would be a boon.
Last match: Lost 1-0 at Sheffield United
Up next: 10 a.m. ET Saturday v. Everton
15. Newcastle United — There's something about the spirit in this injury-riddled side, who is somehow getting by without Allan Saint-Maximin and Jamaal Lascelles.
Last match: Drew 1-1 at Wolves
Up next: 12:30 p.m. ET Saturday v. Chelsea
14. Crystal Palace — Speaking of injury crises, the Eagles somehow keep collecting points despite a status nearer to bare bones than adequate.
Last match: Drew 1-1 v. Arsenal
Up next: 10 a.m. ET Saturday at Man City
13. Watford — Fortune 500 companies ought to call Nigel Pearson and give him some sort of 'Terry Tate, Office Linebacker' role.
Last match: Won 3-0 at Bournemouth
Up next: 7:30 a.m. ET Saturday v. Spurs
12. Brighton and Hove Albion — No shame in a 1-0 loss to Everton, but there's no reward in performing well but dipping into a relegation fight. Three points from Villa on Saturday will bring some comfort.
Last match: Lost 1-0 at Everton
Up next: 10 a.m. ET Saturday v. Aston Villa
11. Arsenal — Looking steadier at the back and due for a big offensive day.
Last match: Drew 1-1 at Palace
Up next: 10 a.m. ET Saturday v. Sheffield United
10. Everton — We may be learning that Marco Silva might've alerted the world to Richarlison, but Carlo Ancelotti is capable of optimizing him.
Last match: Won 1-0 v. Brighton
Up next: 10 a.m. ET Saturday at West Ham United
9. Southampton — Ralph Hasenhuttl's red and white army isn't welcome on anyone's fixture list. A win over Wolves puts them in frame for Europa League qualification. Wild swings.
Last match: Won 2-1 at Leicester City
Up next: 10 a.m. ET Saturday v. Wolves
8. Wolves — Suddenly winless in four matches with a total of two goals. Honestly, it's quite surprising. Are they running out of gas?
Last week: 7
Last match: Drew 1-1 v. Newcastle
Up next: 10 a.m. ET Saturday at Saints
7. Tottenham Hotspur — With Boro in the FA Cup, Watford away, and Norwich City at home, Jose Mourinho has a chance to build confidence before a brutal run of February fixtures including Man City, Villa, RB Leipzig, and Chelsea.
Last match: Lost 1-0 v. Liverpool
Up next: 7:30 a.m. ET Saturday at Watford
6. Sheffield United — Barring a PL-record season from Liverpool, wouldn't it be reasonable for a UEL-qualifying Wilder to be named PFA Manager of the Year?
Last match: Won 1-0 v. West Ham
Up next: 10 a.m. ET Saturday at Arsenal
5. Leicester City — The Foxes aren't in danger of a long fall, but Brendan Rodgers could really use a win — gritty or otherwise — at Turf Moor.
Last match: Lost 2-1 v. Saints
Up next: 9 a.m. ET Sunday at Burnley
4. Chelsea — Quietly unbeaten in four after their terribly uneven December.
Last match: Won 3-0 v. Burnley
Up next: 12:30 p.m. ET Saturday at Newcastle
3. Manchester United — Here's a question for United fans given the success of its star loanee at Blades: What's his price tag? David De Gea is still in his 20s, and Sheffield United's goalkeeper is playing out of his mind on loan.
Last match: Won 4-0 v. Norwich City
Up next: 11:30 p.m. ET Sunday at Liverpool
2. Man City — They're wonderful. There's a bit of turnabout is fair play to what could legit wind up as an 85-90 point season falling 10 points shy of a title, given what City did to Liverpool last season. On pace to break their own record for goals in a Premier League season.
Season low: 6
Last match: Won 6-1 at Aston Villa
Up next: 10 a.m. ET Saturday v. Crystal Palace
1. Liverpool — The grittiest grits to ever grit, and a lesson in buying into a system. A lot of teams could press the way the Reds do, but getting the players to commit to it at this religious a rate is insane.
Last match: Won 1-0 at Spurs
Up next: 11:30 p.m. ET Sunday v. Man Utd
Tags: Aston Villa, Bournemouth, Manchester City, Premier League, Premier League club power rankings, Watford, Allan, Allan Saint-Maximin, Ba, Brendan Rodgers, David De Gea, David Moyes, Eddie Howe, Fortune, Jamaal Lascelles, Lee, Marco Silva, Nigel Pearson, Pepe Reina, Ralph Hasenhuttl, Richarlison, Sean Dyche
Southampton react to emotional Leicester win
Southampton's turnaround since they were humiliated 9-0 by Leicester City in October has been nothing short of sensational.
After suffering the worst defeat in club history and the joint-heaviest in Premier League history, Ralph Hasenhuttl hit the reset button in sensational fashion.
Southampton exorcised some demons by beating second-place Leicester 2-1 at the King Power Stadium on Saturday, as they continued their amazing run of six wins in their last nine Premier League games.
"We never spoke about revenge or something because to be honest we should be thankful for this result," Hasenhuttl said. "We wanted to show everyone how we do much better."
And how they are as they sit just three points off seventh place and possible European qualification.
Since conceding nine at home against Leicester they conceded just 11 times in their last 13 PL games, while Danny Ings has scored 10 goals in his last 11 games as their season has toally changed since that embarrassing mauling.
Speaking to the BBC after the game, Hasenhuttl also hailed the belief of his team throughout.
"Fantastic game today from both sides. A good feeling every second of this game that we could win here. It was maybe the best away performance from us this season," Hasenhuttl said. "We played fantastically quick behind the lines. We had to be nervous until the end but we tried to press them high and keep them away from our goal. It was a fantastic game I think. It was a very important game for us in this season. We changed completely our mind and worked so hard to find a successful way and at the moment to see this team play enjoyable all the time."
"We did everything we could to turn it around and we've done that and better. So proud of the team," goalscoring hero Ings added. "We take each game as it comes. We have smiles on our faces, we are getting back to enjoying football. How we have been over Christmas and since then has been massive for us and the club moving forward and long may it continue. It speaks for itself, the work we do on the pitch, we did everything we could at that time to turn it round (after the 9-0 defeat to Leicester), it couldn't have gone any better than that. I'm so proud of us as a team and how far we have come."
Everybody connected with Southampton will never forget their 9-0 humiliation but beating Leicester not only proved how far they've come since that dark day just a few months, but also how far this team can go under Hasenhuttl.
Saints hit rock bottom and now they are marching on.
Tags: Danny Ings, Leicester City, Premier League, Southampton, Ba, Danny Ings, Ralph Hasenhuttl
Nuno proud of Wolves comeback; Hasenhuttl fumes at VAR January 18, 2020 1:53 pm Jimenez leads stunning Wolves comeback January 18, 2020 12:20 pm Local hero Danny Ings leading Saints with goals, smiles January 15, 2020 12:27 pm PL Club Power Rankings: Week 22 January 13, 2020 7:14 pm Southampton react to emotional Leicester win January 11, 2020 1:53 pm Redemption: Saints stun Leicester January 11, 2020 12:09 pm Premier League January transfer needs January 3, 2020 1:45 pm PL Club Power Rankings: Week 21 January 2, 2020 8:51 pm Southampton beat woeful Tottenham January 1, 2020 12:09 pm Premier League midseason grades December 29, 2019 5:09 pm Hasenhuttl praises Saints resolve, slams festive schedule December 28, 2019 1:29 pm Southampton shock Chelsea December 26, 2019 12:10 pm Southampton hail 'absolutely outrageous' Ings December 21, 2019 1:35 pm Pellegrini: 'I've felt everyday the commitment from the players' December 14, 2019 7:04 pm Premier League Preview: Southampton v. West Ham December 13, 2019 5:37 pm PL Sunday preview: Leicester, Newcastle, Sheffield Utd, Wolves in action December 8, 2019 12:38 am PL Club Power Rankings: Week 15 December 5, 2019 9:28 pm Southampton secure crucial win, beat Norwich December 4, 2019 4:45 pm Premier League storylines: Matchweek 15 December 2, 2019 7:20 pm Southampton's late show rekindles belief November 30, 2019 4:00 pm Southampton beat Watford thanks to dramatic late comeback November 30, 2019 2:40 pm Premier League club grades: The story so far November 14, 2019 1:39 pm Everton grab huge win at Saints November 9, 2019 12:02 pm Top Premier League storylines: Week 11 October 31, 2019 10:48 am Southampton: 'The whole country is laughing at us' October 30, 2019 11:43 am EFL Cup Tuesday preview: Man City, Leicester, Everton in action October 28, 2019 1:56 pm Southampton players, coaches donate wages from blowout October 28, 2019 8:15 am What's going wrong at Saints? How do they recover? October 26, 2019 8:30 am Hasenhuttl takes 'full responsibility' for heavy defeat October 25, 2019 7:43 pm Leicester City smashes Southampton for 9 goals October 25, 2019 4:55 pm Wolves grab draw against stubborn Saints October 19, 2019 12:20 pm PL Club Power Rankings: Week 7 October 1, 2019 9:44 pm Saints, Pompey react to first derby in seven-plus years September 24, 2019 7:36 pm The most intense derby never played September 24, 2019 5:14 pm LIVE, League Cup: Pompey v. Saints headlines action September 24, 2019 2:32 pm League Cup preview: Man City, Spurs aim to avoid away upsets; South Coast Derby September 23, 2019 8:32 pm Hasenhuttl promises Southampton's best XI for Pompey clash September 23, 2019 9:09 am Slow start dooms Southampton again: 'We lost the game in first half' September 20, 2019 6:23 pm Bournemouth picks up first-ever win away to Southampton September 20, 2019 4:55 pm Premier League Preview: Southampton v. Bournemouth September 19, 2019 8:31 pm


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Evanston advances to its first state final in 35 years with a Class 4A victory over Rockford East; Bogan will play for the 3A title
By Mike Clark
| PEORIA
Evanston's Blake Peters, right, drives to the basket against Rockford East in a Class 4A semifinal Friday night at Carver Arena in Peoria. Peters scored 27 points in the Wildkits' 94-82 victory. (Brian O'Mahoney / Pioneer Press)
All season, the hype has been building for Belleville West, the defending Class 4A champion, and Curie, the only team without an in-state loss.
But another team is in the state title picture, too, and it's the one with the most experience.
Evanston, with four starters back from last year's third-place finish, advanced to its first state championship game in 35 years with a record-setting 92-84 victory over Rockford East on Friday at Carver Arena.
All five starters scored in double figures for the Wildkits (32-4), who set a 4A state tournament record for points in a game. They'll face defending champ Belleville West (33-4), a 70-48 winner over Curie, at 7:15 p.m. Saturday.
"I can say that we made a statement," senior guard Jaheim Holden said. "I think there's going to be a bigger statement made (Saturday).
"A lot of people think we can't stay with teams like Belleville (West) and Curie because of the (lack of) size that we have. But when we step in between those lines, we're the toughest players. It's going to come down to that and we're going to show people."
For the second straight state semifinal, Evanston's Blake Peters was a shooting star. He made 7-for-8 from 3-point range Friday to finish with a game-high 27 points. Last year as a freshman in Evanston's 62-56 semifinal loss to Young, Peters scored 23 on 5-for-7 3-point shooting.
"We all like being out on the big stage, especially (after) what happened last year," Peters said. "We were really hurt by that loss. … (Friday) my teammates gave me the ball in my spots."
Southern Illinois recruit Lance Jones had 24 points, eight assists and five rebounds for Evanston. Holden scored 15, Jaylin Gibson had 10 points and seven rebounds and Ryan Bost added 10 points and three steals.
"All year, we've just talked about the best shot ... can come from any of us," Peters said. "(Friday) that might have been an open 3 by me or a drive by Lance or a cut by Ja or a putback by J-Gib.
"We're really hard to stop, especially when we play together. (Saturday) we just have to continue doing that."
Chris Burnell's 26 points led Rockford East (34-3), and Sha'Den Clanton scored 20.
Belleville West 70, Curie 48: Curie (34-2), which had not lost to an in-state team all season, had no answer for Belleville West's inside duo of EJ Liddell and Keith Randolph, who combined for 33 points and 17 rebounds.
Liddell, an Ohio State recruit and the reigning Mr. Basketball of Illinois, had 14 points, 11 rebounds, four blocks and two steals. Randolph, an Illinois football recruit, scored 19 and grabbed six rebounds.
"They played like a man-child down there," Curie coach Mike Oliver said. "Randolph and Liddell were huge in the paint. We couldn't stop them."
Curie shot 6-for-30 in falling behind 25-15 at halftime and was 18-for-65 for the game.
"We had some good open looks (but) were rushing our shots," Oliver said. "They were big and long. They covered some ground, caused us some problems going to the basket,"
Kansas State recruit DaJuan Gordon and Ramean Hinton scored 10 points each for Curie.
Bogan 51, DePaul Prep 31: Bogan might be the best-kept secret in Illinois prep basketball, a consequence of always finding its path to state blocked by Morgan Park.
But after finally knocking off their nemesis in the sectional finals last week, the Bengals are on the verge of making history.
Rashaun Agee delivered a double-double of 13 points and 15 rebounds as Bogan (30-3) cruised past DePaul Prep and into the first state title game in program history.
Bogan was knocked out of the playoffs by Morgan Park four times in the past five seasons, and three of those Mustangs teams went on to win state.
"We've had our lumps getting over the hump," Bengals coach Arthur Goodwin said. "We are trying to turn the corner to be one of the elite teams in the state. … We've been right there."
Bogan has gone a few steps beyond this season behind a pair of the state's top uncommitted seniors: Agee, a 6-foot-8 forward, and 5-10 guard Jordan Booker.
Agee is a formidable presence inside, and on Friday he hit a pair of 3-pointers in the first quarter as the Bengals opened an 11-2 lead.
"I can shoot," Agee said. "But it's just more if it's there or not, if Coach Goody is telling me to shoot the ball or not. It depends on who's guarding me."
Whatever the case, it caught DePaul Prep off guard.
"We didn't expect that," Rams coach Tom Kleinschmidt said. "He hurt us, credit to him."
Booker added 10 points and three assists, while Darrion Jones had a big game off the bench with 10 points, three rebounds, three steals and two assists.
Playing on a larger college floor with superior depth proved to be a potent combination for Bogan. The Bengals had a 19-3 edge in bench scoring, and eight players played at least 14 minutes Four of DePaul's starters played at least 27 minutes,
"We have two All-Staters and a bunch of guys to support them," Goodwin said. "The key factor was, we always want to play on a big court. When we got to (Carver Arena), our eyes lit up. … In Chicago, we sometimes have a real problem with smaller courts.
"We're real fast. We love to run up and down the court, as you can see."
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DePaul Prep (24-10) had a double-double of 14 points and 10 rebounds from Brown recruit Perry Cowan, who like his teammates had an off shooting game. Cowan was 6-for-21 from the field, and the Rams finished 11-for-44.
"I thought we had good looks early," said Kleinschmidt, who led the school to a second-place state finish as a player in 1990 when it was called Gordon Tech. "We just didn't make them."
East St. Louis 57, Peoria Manual 48: Saint Louis recruit Terrence Hargrove Jr. was dominant on both ends of the court for the Flyers with 19 points, 12 rebounds and six blocks.
Rolando "Pee Wee" Brown played the entire game for Manual (19-12) and finished with a game-high 24 points and 10 rebounds.
Disabato: Morgan Park coach Nick Irvin at peace after stunning playoff loss in boys basketball »
Mike Clark's boys basketball notebook for Tuesday, March 12 »
Jack in the box: McDonald dishes 11 assists, but Geneva loses to Rockford East in supersectional »


Norfolk Southern's office car special and Norfolk & Western 1218 line up for a night photography session at Roanoke, Virginia.
Caught on the IHB in May 1990.
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Evening all! There are a lot of Christmas sets that are coming out in stores, and i always love the MAC Limited Edition Holiday sets.
I picked up two of the Objects of Affection Pigments set, and i am not going to go into too much detail because some of the pigments are part of the permanent collection. The set comes with four pigments and one glitter. All the pigments are exactly the same quality as the ones from the permanent line. You get 2.6g of pigment and 4g of glitter.
These are fantastic sizes for pretty much everyone. It gives people a chance to try out the product, without having to purchase a full size, and it's an excellent addition to the kits of makeup artists. Normally an individual pigment is £17 and this set is only £26!
My main aim of this post was to share swatches, as i couldn't find many on darker skin tones. The swatches below are applied dry and without a primer. I prefer using the pigments wet, as the intensity of the colours are just incredible. I applied some MAC Mixing Medium onto my hand, so that the glitter had something to adhere to.
I thought the entire set was going to be just pink, but i like how there is mixture of soft pinks, tans and a burgundy. It makes the set much more wearable, and tan would be a fabulous shade to use as a wash of colour. This set is perfect for all skin tones, and you can use the pigments as subtly or as intense as you wish.
I love using pigments, and i think this is great for makeup enthusiasts. Just remember to do your eye makeup before the rest of your face, as you may experience some drop down.
This is a limited edition item, so get it quick before it sells out!
I can't wait to see the gorgeous looks I know you're going to create!


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Key'vantanie "Keke" Coutee (born January 14, 1997) is an American football wide receiver who is a free agent. He played college football at Texas Tech.

Early years
Coutee attended Lufkin High School in Lufkin, Texas. As a senior at Lufkin, he caught 56 passes for 841 yards. Coutee originally committed in June 2013 to play college football for the Texas Longhorns, but he de-committed in January 2014. He then committed to the Texas Tech Red Raiders in January 2015. He committed to Texas Tech over Oklahoma, Texas, Louisville, Houston, and Tulsa.

College career
As a true freshman at Texas Tech, Coutee played in all 13 games, making two starts, catching 11 passes for 105 yards.

Coutee broke out as a sophomore in 2016. He played in all 12 of Texas Tech's games, catching 55 passes for 890 yards and seven touchdowns, making him Texas Tech's second-leading receiver.

Coutee's breakout as a Red Raider continued as a junior in 2017. In 13 games, he caught 93 passes for 1,429 yards and 10 touchdowns, plus a 92-yard kick return against Baylor. Coutee's 1,429 receiving yards ranks second in school history for a single season behind Michael Crabtree's 1,962 in 2007. After the season, Coutee declared for the 2018 NFL Draft.

College statistics

Source:

Professional career

Houston Texans
Coutee was drafted by the Houston Texans in the fourth round with the 103rd overall pick in the 2018 NFL Draft. The team signed Coutee on May 11 to a four-year contract.

Coutee missed the first three games of the 2018 season with a hamstring injury. Coutee made his NFL debut in week 4 against the Indianapolis Colts. He finished the game with 11 receptions for 109 yards. Coutee's 11 receptions are the most receptions in a debut since the AFL–NFL merger. On Sunday Night Football, in a 19–16 overtime victory over the Dallas Cowboys in Week 5, Coutee caught his first NFL touchdown on a one-yard pass from Deshaun Watson. He finished the game with six receptions for 51 yards and a touchdown.

In Week 13 of the 2020 season against the Indianapolis Colts, Coutee recorded eight catches for 141 yards during the 26–20 loss. In week 15 of the 2020 season against the Indianapolis Colts, Coutee had 5 receptions for 53 receiving yards and a touchdown. He also fumbled on the goal line in the closing seconds of the game, which allowed the Colts to take over and kneel out the clock.

On August 31, 2021, Coutee was waived by the Texans.

Indianapolis Colts
On September 2, 2021, Coutee signed with the Indianapolis Colts practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract on January 10, 2022.

On August 30, 2022, Coutee was released by the Colts and signed to the practice squad the next day. He was signed to the active roster on October 15, 2022. He was released on December 13, 2022 and later re-signed to the practice squad.  His practice squad contract with the team expired after the season on January 8, 2023.

NFL career statistics

Regular season

Postseason

References

External links
Texas Tech Red Raiders bio
Houston Texans bio

1997 births
Living people
People from Lufkin, Texas
Players of American football from Texas
American football wide receivers
Texas Tech Red Raiders football players
Houston Texans players
Indianapolis Colts players

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia