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Posts Tagged 'odyssey'
afraid, antonio, arts, back, backout, battle, bomber, china, cia, coward, fbi, fight, fighter, Fred, Fredrick, graceffo, grandpa, insult, liar, lie, martial, odyssey, out, pilot, pull, pullout, Schroeder, shezhen, Syria, weakling
Fredrick Schroeder CIA Fighter Pilot?
In Uncategorized on February 17, 2016 at 2:07 pm
Fredrick Schroeder, formerly a pilot for Shenzhen Airlines, now claims to be flying combat missions in Libya. To obtain this position, Schroeder claims he had to be approved by both the FBI and CIA. If the story is a lie, then he is grossly delusional. If it is true, I suspect he shouldn't be telling people about it.
If you've been following the sad tale of Fred Schroeder over the last three years, you would know he agreed to fight me, but backed out 27 times. At least three of those fights were pro fights, two of which, tickets were already on sale for, another one was a TV fight. Apparently somewhere between talking on the internet and actually showing up and fighting, Fred's balls took a detour. In between each of these fights he sends me messages and calls me telling me that satan is raping my mother who died when I was a baby. He also said he dug up her corpse and raped it. He insults the Christian religion and tells me that he is God. As payment for agreeing to show up for one of our fights, he asked for a photo of my dead mother which he then defiled and emailed back to me. On another occasion he asked for the location of her grave so he could "drop a deuce on it". Through this entire process, he has maintained the fiction that he can beat me easily and that he is not afraid of me. He has said repeatedly that he will kill me and rape me, although he never shows up for these fights.
At one point, Fred told me that he had moved to Khartoum to work as a pilot. A few months ago, there was an internet rumor that he had gone to somewhere in the Middle East to be a combat pilot, having lied about his qualifications. The story said that it didn't take his employers long to find out he was unqualified, and he was fired. More recently, he told me directly that he was flying combat missions in Libya and that he had to be approved by both the CIA and FBI. Fred also said that his social media was being monitored and that I would be in trouble for asking why he has never showed up at any of our scheduled fights. On the same, allegedly, monitored social media, he threatened my life, agreed to fight and backed out, and said something violently sexual about my mother and some of my friends. if his social media is being monitored it is obviously not monitored for morality.
A military psychiatrist reviewed a collection of the messages which Fred sent me and his determination was that Fred is seriously disturbed and shouldn't be flying a plane. Fred's ex-friend from high school reported Fred to the FAA and said that he was unfit to fly. The friend then told me that Fred is bi-polar. When I asked Fred if his new employers were aware of his being bi-polar and if they were fine with that, he said that they were aware and that they "don't care."
The transcript of the latest social media exchanges are available upon request. Previous exchanges, insults, threats, and fight dates are available online simply by Googling Fred Pilot Schroeder, the coward.
Will Fred ever fight me? Is he a CIA operative? Is his cover blown? Will the FAA finally realize that he is incredibly disturbed and pull his license? Stay tuned to find out.
Hey Fred Schroeder, please fight Antonio "Brooklyn Monk" Graceffo
adjan, ancient, antonio, arts, boran, boxing, brooklyn, chai, graceffo, jaa, kick, kru, martial, monk, muay, odyssey, Phnom, sok, surin, surrin, Thai, thailand, tony, traditional
Martial Arts Odyssey: Muay Boran 1
In Uncategorized on November 21, 2015 at 7:46 am
Before there was sport Muay Thai there was ancient Muay Thai, Muay Boran. Modern sport Muay Thai contains about 20 movements. Muay Boran contains hundreds. In the 1920's when Muay Thai was codified as a modern sport His Majesty the King called the great masters together to write a book of modern Muay Thai. All of the techniques in that book have been recorded for history. All of the techniques excluded from the book are considered Muay Boran. Unfortunately, Muay Boran has never been codified. So, different masters know different techniques. Fighting Muay Thai is a way of earning a living in Thailand, but there are no Muay Boran fights. Consequently, young people abandoned the study of the art. Most masters haven't passed on their skills to a younger generation. And now, most of the masters are old, dead, or dying. As a result, Muay boran is an endangered art. The master featured in this video is Adjan Sok Chai from Surin, Thailand, the first teacher of film star Tony Jaa. He can be seen in many of Tony Jaa's movies, wearing almost the same clothes he wears in the video, the clothes he wears every day.
antonio, Army, arts, aycocho, ba, bokator, brooklyn, burma, Cambodia, Combat, combatives, fma, frank, graceffo, grand, hand, khmer, kim, kru, kunatw, lai, laitai, martial, master, monk, muay, odyssey, Philippines, pra, prah, saen, san, Shan, State, tai, Thai, thailand, to
Martial Arts Odyssey Re-Release (Part 1)
In Uncategorized on November 15, 2015 at 4:22 pm
Back to the beginning, rereleasing all of the videos
Martial Arts Odyssey, the video series which follows the Brooklyn Monk, Antonio Graceffo on his journey through martial arts across Asia has been running since 2007. The video series grew out of a series of magazine articles and books which began in 2001, when Antonio left New York to go to Taiwan, learn Kung Fu and Mandarin and then train at the Shaolin Temple in Mainland China.
Since the beginning there have been about 400 martial arts videos, featuring the Monk studying diverse martial arts, such as Kuntaw in the Philippines, Muay Chaiya in Thailand, Selambam in Penang, Vo Co Truen in Vietnam, Bokator in Cambodia, shuai jiao in China and many, many more.
In order to share all of these wonderful martial arts with a new generation of fans, Antonio is rereleasing the episodes, in the order in which they were originally released, at a rate of one per day.
MAO: Kuntaw in the Philippines was the first episode shot and the first episode released, in 2007. At that time, Antonio didn't even own a video camera, so the video was shot and edited by a TV crew in the Philippines. This video features Grand Master Frank Aycocho.
Digging for the Truth: Angkor Wat, from the Philippines, Antonio flew to Siem Reap Cambodia, where he and his Bokator instructor Grand Master San Kim Saen collaborated with a New York based film crew to shoot this documentary about the traditional Cambodian martial art, Bokator.
Between 2007 and 2008 numerous episodes were shot with borrowed equipment, but Antonio lacked expertise and money for editing, so the tapes collected in a backpack until late 2008 when they were finally edited and released, but not in the order in which they were shot. The third episode to air was MAO: Training with the Shan State Army 1, which was shot in 2007.
This video was shot in Burma during the saffron revolution when foreigners were banned from entering Burma. It is thought to be the first video ever to feature the kung fu of the Shan ethnic group, called Lai Tai. MAO Laitai 1
Pra Kru Bah, the muay Thai monk is the abbot of the Golden Horse Monastary, Wat Achatong on the Thai Burma border. In 2003 he took Antonio in and became Antonio's first Muay Thai teacher. He taught Antonio Muay Thai, Thai language, and Thai culture. It was in this monastery that Antonio first heard about the war in Burma and vowed to someday help the Shan people. Prah Kru Bah Story Part 1
Brooklyn Monk, Antonio Graceffo is a lecturer at Shanghai University. He is also a PhD candidate at Shanghai University of sport, writing his dissertation on comparative forms of Chinese wrestling, in Chinese, with expected graduation in June of 2016. He is expected to graduate his China MBA, from Shanghai Jiaotong University, in January, 2016. Antonio is the author of the books, "Warrior Odyssey", "The Monk from Brooklyn," and several others. He has published hundreds of articles in the fields of linguistics: second language acquisition, as well as martial arts. Antonio is the host of the web TV show, "Martial Arts Odyssey," which traces his ongoing journey through Asia, learning martial arts in various countries.
antonio, arts, bokator, boxing, brooklyn, china, chinese, Doctoral, Doctorate, graceffo, jiao, judo, kam, khmer, khom, khun, kick, martial, monk, muay, odyssey, PhD, shanghai, shu, shuai, sport, team, Thai, traditional, training, university, wrestle, wrestler, wrestling, wu, yut, yutakhun
The Never Ending Bokator Argument
In Uncategorized on September 5, 2015 at 9:43 am
A friend sent me a Phnom Penh Post story about yutakhun khom the traditional Khmer martial art of Master Chan Boeunthoeun. In the article, Chan Boeunthoeun claims that his martial art is older and more authentic than the Bokator of Grand Master San Kim Saen. Chan Boeunthoeun has apparently gone so far as to solicit UNESCO to remove Bokator from the Intangible Cultural Heritage, martial arts list, in favor of his yuthakhun Khom. The whole argument is preposterous on so many levels. But before I explain how baseless this argument is, let me first say one thing. I have huge respect for Chan Boeunthoeun who taught his son Chan Rothana to combine traditional Khmer martial arts with bradal serey kick boxing, which Chan Rothana then used, successfully, in over 90 professional bradal serey kick boxing fights. Chan Rothana even used a combination of traditional Khmer techniques, plus bradal serey and some modern MMA to become a One FC fighter and to amass a professional MMA record of 3 wins and 1 loss.
There should be no question about Chan Rothana's courage, or the fighting effectiveness of his martial. He definitely walks the walk. And I respect that. But there is no evidence of any kind to prove that yutakhun khom is older than Bokator or that the word yutakhun khom even existed prior to 2012.
Leading up to 2004, Chan Boeunthoeun used to be friends with Bokator Grand Master, San Kim Saen. They had both been part of the Hopkido federation and worked together to found the original Bokator Federation in 2004. They then had a falling out, and Chan Boeunthoeun left (or was asked to leave) the Bokator federation. Chan Boeunthoeun continued to teach Bokator out of his home until about 2012, when he suddenly decided that he was one of the two last remaining masters of yutakhun khom, which he claimed was the real Khmer traditional martial art.
In 2012, The National Olympic Committee of Cambodia, working together with Grand Master San Kim Saen, managed to get Bokator recognized by UNESCO on the Intangible Cultural Heritage, martial arts list. Before 2012, Cambodia had NOTHING on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage, martial arts list. Thailand had Muay Thai. Japan had Judo. Korea had Taekkyeon, but Cambodia had no official martial art until 2012, when the Bokator of Grand Master San Kim Saen was recognized. Since then, a number of other Cambodians have suddenly come forward, claiming to be teaching even older styles of Cambodian martial arts. In 2004, most of those masters, including Chan Boeunthoeun, were at the national meeting in Phnom Penh when the Bokator association was founded. Many of them were founding members of Bokator. So, if they actually knew of some other, older, better martial art, why did they wait until 2012 to talk about it?
A Google search for "yutakhun khom" revealed the earliest online mention of the art was a post in a Sherdog.com forum in 2012.
The Phnom Penh Post story had this quote from Benoit Rigallaud, the manager of Chan Rothana and owner of the studio where yutakhun khom is taught, "'UNESCO giving bokator Intangible Heritage Asset status was a concern to the yutakhun khom community, and should be to all Cambodians, because 'they failed to conduct a full investigation"'" Full investigation! Of what? The only evidence yutakhun khom has is the legend of a magical book of the ancient martial arts techniques which was allegedly hidden for Centuries and then finally destroyed by the Khmer Rouge.
Is it possible that someone who has a financial interest in yutakhun khom being recognized has a slightly biased opinion? And, when did opinion become fact? There doesn't seem to be a shred of evidence to support the claims of yutakhun khom having existed. In fact the word does not appear in the 1936 dictionary of the Khmer language. Neither are there any ancient writings using that word, apart from the magical book which was destroyed by the Khmer Rouge.
Another quote from Benoit Rigallaud, "This is crazy, because we are talking about history and culture here, and if heritage is lost then it is gone forever." If Benoit Rigallaud and Chan Boeunthoeun succeed in getting Bokator removed from the UNESCO list, then Cambodia will be losing its cultural heritage. And I agree, that is crazy.
As for the "history" of Bokator, I interviewed Chan Boeunthoeun, the first time, in 2007 in connection with the TV show, Human Weapon. At that time, Chan Boeunthoeun still called his style Bokator. He mentioned the book which had been destroyed as proof of the art. While telling me the history of Bokator, he told me that King Jayavarman VII, the patron of Bokator, and now apparently of yutakhun khom, and Bodhidharma (Da Mo) the founder of Shaolin Kung Fu, were "classmates." According to Chan Boeunthoeun, Bodhidharma was Khmer, not Indian. Next, he said that King Jayavarman VII taught Bokator to Bodhidharma and Bodhidharma brought Bokator to China and called it Kung Fu. This story astounded me, given that Bodhidharma lived during the 5th and 6th Centuries and King Jayavarman VII lived during the 12th and 13th. When I asked him why history had recorded the story differently, he blamed Thailand. Those damned Thais and their political influence! They got the entire world to change the history of both India and China, just to repress the Khmer martial art of yutakhun khom.
Chan Boeunthoeun's story, since 2012, has been that he has been teaching yutakhun khom all along and that it was yutakhun khom that King Jayavarman VII supported and that it was yutakhun khom that was in the ancient book which was destroyed.
According to the Phnom Penh Post story, "Boeunthoeun claims yutakhun khom dates back 2,000 years to the Funan kingdom of Southeast Asia, but it was King Jayavarman VII at the height of the Khmer Angkorian empire nearly 1,000 years ago who could be credited with cementing the yuthakun khom philosophy that survives to this day."" This is the exact same story that has been told about Bokator. And, there is no evidence of either the word Bokator or yuthakun khom in any historical document in Cambodia. During the nearly ten years that I researched my book on Khmer martial arts, I also searched French documents. I searched in Thailand, Lao, and Burma. I spoke to Khmer martial arts teachers and students in USA, Australia, Canada, and Europe. And NO ONE had a book. No one had any evidence of any kind. And during those first many years, pre 2012, I never heard the word yuthakun khom. In fairness, I did here the word yuthakun used for martial art. And there was a yuthakun martial arts club that trained at the techno university in Phnom Penh. But their martial art was admittedly synthetic. They never claimed it to be original Khmer. It was basically a mix of everything from Khmer to karate, to taekwondo and even kung fu and probably judo.
But not one person I interviewed, including Chan Boeunthoeun used the term yuthakun khom.
Given the complete lack of evidence, it would seem more constructive for Khmer people to be happy that they made it to the UNESCO list at all. They should support the traditional martial art, whether it is called Bokator or yuthakun khom, and simply move on. There are so many other problems in the country which need to be addressed before tearing down work that has already been done and replacing it.
Brooklyn Monk, Antonio Graceffo holds a black krama in Khmer martial arts. He is the author of the book, Khun Khmer: Cambodian Martial Arts Journey. He works as a lecturer at Shanghai University. He is also a PhD candidate at Shanghai University of sport, writing his dissertation on comparative forms of Chinese wrestling. He is expected to graduate his China MBA, from Shanghai Jiaotong University, and his PhD in Spring, 2016. Antonio is also a martial arts and adventure author living in Asia, the author of the books, "Warrior Odyssey' and "The Monk from Brooklyn." He is also the host of the web TV show, "Martial Arts Odyssey," which traces his ongoing journey through Asia, learning martial arts in various countries.
antonio, arts, asiashanghai, bellator, Brooklyn.monk, championship, china, fc, fighting, force, graceffo, marial, mixed, MMA, odyssey, of, onefc, pay, payout, Pride, salary, sport, Strike, sus, ufc, ultimate, university
The Myth of MMA Fighting Out of Poverty
In Uncategorized on September 3, 2015 at 2:03 pm
Rocky Marciano was born poor and died rich. But that was boxing, not MMA.
In 2011 when I took the Cambodian team to fight MMA the first professional tournament in Malaysia, a lot of people were putting pressure on me to sign them to one of Asia's most prestigious MMA promotions, even though the Cambodians had no way to train, learn ground fighting or even eat. I still remember a number of people using the phrase "A chance to fight their way out of poverty." The terms of the contract were 3 fights at $300 per fight. I don't know where those people learned their economics, but where I studied, I learned that $900 USD a year isn't exactly a ticket out of poverty. The counter argument was always, "But if they win, they could get more on their next fight." How much more? Double? Triple? Quadruple? That still qualifies as poverty.
In MMA even top fighters will only have a handful of fights at the tens-or-hundreds-of-thousands-of-dollars level. This is true even of the Ultimate Fighting Championships (UFC), which is generally thought to be the best paying promotion in the world.
My theory is that, while it is hard to become rich in other sports, it is nearly impossible to even earn a living in MMA.
MMA Compared to Other Sports
By this point, most people probably know that MMA fighters are paid less than professional athletes in most other televised sports. The three boxers with the highest lifetime earnings are Floyd Mayweather Jr. with $756 million, Oscar De La Hoya with $696 million, and in third place, Manny Pacquiao with $661 million. (Cramer).
The three top earners in pro wrestling earned quite a bit less: The Rock, with $70 Million, Steve Austin with $45 Million, and John Cena with $35 Million. (Campbell)
As amazing as the lifetime earnings are for the outstanding boxers and wrestlers, the average salary for a major league baseball player in 2014 was $3.82 million. (Badenhausen) And basketball pays even better than baseball. The average NBA player, for example, earns $4.5 million per year. (Gaines) Because of the higher pay and longer playing life, the lifetime earnings of basketball players exceed those of most other pro athletes. The average NBA player plays 4.8 years and has lifetime career earnings of $24.7 million. (Gaines) In the history of the NBA, 25 players have had lifetime earnings of over 125 Million each. (Gaines)
While it is obvious that ball players and champion boxers earn a lot, what about an average boxer? According to The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, people who list professional boxer as their profession on their tax return earned an average of $75,760 in 2012. (Guerra) That's a lot lower than Floyde Mayweather, but still nearly double the lifetime earnings of the average MMA fighter.
The expected lifetime earnings of a professional MMA fighter are $38,000. (Shmoop)
MMA earnings are low compared to what?
Obviously, not everyone can be a top ball player or a professional boxing champion, but MMA is not even a good career when compared to other jobs. In 2013, the average high school teacher earned $55,360, with the bottom 10% earning $37,230.
(Money.usnews.com) Said another way, the lowest paid high school teacher's earnings for a single year were nearly equal to the lifetime earnings of the average MMA fighter.
Of course, being a high school teacher necessitates earning a university degree, which some fighters feel they can't do. But other careers also pay infinitely better than MMA fighting. In 2013, police officers averaged $90,700, with the bottom 10% earning $32,670. (Money.usnews.com)
Not everyone can get on a well-paid police force. But nearly anyone who is healthy, free of felony convictions, and has a high school diploma can join the army. The average salary for a solider is $21,032 – $76,175 (Army, U.S.) Maybe you don't want to join the army. Fine, you could be an auto mechanic. The salary for a mechanic ranged from $20,920 to $61,210, with an average salary of $36,710, in 2013. (Money.usnews.com) Ok, let's say, you're a convicted felon, with no high school diploma, who is unable to learn to be an auto mechanic. Fine, you can work in fast food. The average salary for a fast food crew member was $16,000 per year. (Indeed.com)
Therefore, if you've been paying attention, the lifetime earnings of the average MMA fighter is about the same as what the average McDonalds worker earns in a little over two years.
UFC Earnings
Most MMA fighters aspire to fight in the UFC, the most prestigious MMA organization in the world. But even in the UFC, the average fighter barely earns a living. According to an article published in the MMA Sentinel, the average wage for a UFC fighter is just $30,500 per year. (MMA Sentinel) "The 18 fighters in the nine undercard bouts at UFC 162 were paid a disclosed total of $1.167 million, an average of $64,833.33 per man." (Iole)
Through 2014, the top three lifetime earners in UFC were Michael Bisping $5,694,000, Anderson Silva $4,717,000, and Georges St-Pierre $4,457,000. (Fox) They each had lifetime earnings about equal to what the average NBA player earns in a single year. Of course, for most people, $5.9 Million sounds like a good amount of money. But in the UFC, the money drops off dramatically as you go down the list. The Number 62 highest earner in UFC history, Thiago Alves and number 63, Chris Leben had lifetime earnings of less than $1,000,000. And, number 438, Lance Benoist had less than $100,000. At the bottom was a bunch of people you have probably never hear of, with earnings of $2,000 each. (Fox)
To achieve his ranking of 438th best paid UFC athlete, and to achieve his less than $100,000 lifetime earnings, Lance Benoist fought 9 fights between 2010 and 2014. If he had worked as a school teacher, cop, soldier, or auto mechanic for the same five-year period he would have earned well over $100,000. But he did earn more than the $80,000 he would have earned if he had spent those five years flipping burgers.
Even in the big show, it's hard to make a living. But not everyone makes it to the big show.
After the UFC, Bellator is one of the more respected MMA promotions in the world. The payouts for Bellator 106 looked like this: Michael Chandler was contracted to receive $95,000 appearance fee, plus a win bonus of $95,000. Daniel Straus could max out at $40,000 ($20,000/$20,000). Muhammed Lawal and Emanuel Newton, competing for an interim light heavyweight title, could earn $20,000 ($10,000/$10,000). The loser of the "Fight Master" reality show finale would get $5,000. The winner of the lowest paid fight on the card, Darren Smith vs. Josh Smith would earn $3,000 ($1,500/$1.500). (Bratcher)
While the top salaries in Bellator are admirable for most MMA fighters, they are considerably less than those in the UFC. And once again, the fighters in the middle rungs will barely earn a living. And those in the lower rungs can't possibly survive on fight purses.
When former Bellator champion, Ben Askren, signed for One FC, he was guaranteed a $50,000 appearance fee and a $50,000 win bonus. (Symes) According to his Serdog record, he had 14 fights between 2009 and 2015. And of course, he wasn't paid One FC level money for all of those fights. This is where the low lifetime earnings for MMA fighters come from. Most fighters only receive top payouts for a very small number of fights, at the peak of their careers. And in this case, top money is $100,000 for a win.
Ben Askren was highly critical of former UFC fighter and MMA legend, Phil Baroni, whose record is 15 wins and 18 losses. Apparently, in an attempt to rejuvenate his own, failing career, Phil has called Ben out. (Marrocco)
"'It's gross how desperate he is to get a fight,' Askren said. 'He probably doesn't know what else he's going to do with his life, so he's trying to talk himself (into) a fight.'" (Marrocco)
Phil Baroni has been fighting since 2000, having fought in many of the top MMA organizations: UFC PRIDE, Strikeforce, Cage Rage, DREAM, EliteXC, and ONE FC. If Ben Askren is right, and Phil Baroni has trouble making a living, how can the average fighter?
Brooklyn Monk, Antonio Graceffo is a PhD candidate at Shanghai University of sport, writing his dissertation on comparative forms of Chinese wrestling. He is a martial arts and adventure author living in Asia, the author of the books, "Warrior Odyssey' and "The Monk from Brooklyn." Antonio is also the host of the web TV show, "Martial Arts Odyssey," which traces his ongoing journey through Asia, learning martial arts in various countries.
Army, U.S. 'U.S. Army Employer Salary, Average Salaries | Payscale'. Payscale.com. N.p., 2015. Web. 1 Sept. 2015.
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Bratcher, Jack. '"Strikeforce: Rockhold Vs. Jardine" Fighter Salaries; Lawler Top Earner At $150,000 | Pro MMA Now'. Prommanow.com. N.p., 2015. Web. 1 Sept. 2015.
Campbell, Scott. 'Ranking The 20 Wealthiest Professional Wrestlers'. Bleacher Report. N.p., 2012. Web. 3 Sept. 201
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Fox, Jeff. 'UFC Career Fighter Earnings – MMA Manifesto'. MMA Manifesto. N.p., 2015. Web. 1 Sept. 2015.
Gaines, Cork. 'CHART: The Average NBA Player Will Make A Lot More In His Career Than The Other Major Sports'. Business Insider. N.p., 2013. Web. 3 Sept. 2015.
Gaines, Cork. 'CHART: NBA Tops All Sports Leagues With Highest Average Salary For Players'. Business Insider. N.p., 2014. Web. 1 Sept. 2015.
Gaines, Cork. 'The 25 Highest-Paid NBA Players Of All Time'. Business Insider. N.p., 2014. Web. 3 Sept. 2015.
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Indeed.com,. 'Mcdonalds Salary | Indeed.Com'. N.p., 2015. Web. 1 Sept. 2015.
Iole, Kevin. 'UFC Pay Is A Hot Topic, But Most Involved Feel It Is More Than Fair'. Yahoo Sports. N.p., 2013. Web. 1 Sept. 2015.
Marrocco, Steven. 'Ben Askren On Six-Figure ONE FC Fights, 'Bald-Headed Fat Man,' UFC Future, Baroni, More'. MMAjunkie. N.p., 2013. Web. 1 Sept. 2015.
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antonio, brooklyn, change, chinese, graceffo, grappling, japan, japanese, judo, marial.arts, monk, odyssey, of, rules, russian, russians, sambo, shanghai, sport, sus, takedown, throw, university, wrestling
How Western Wrestlers Changed Judo
In Uncategorized on August 15, 2015 at 7:58 am
"Judo is a source of national pride in Japan, where the martial art originated." (Cheng, 2012) But as larger, stronger foreigners, often with a wrestling background, entered the sport, the Japanese world-domination of Judo was challenged. Over the last fifty years judo has seen many rule changes which remove the advantage from western trained wrestlers.
The predecessor of modern Judo is .Japanese Jujitsu, which was founded in the mid 16th Century, but flourished from the 17th to the early 19th century. (Hays) From 1882 through 1887, the founder of modern Judo, Dr. Jigoro Kano analyzed various forms of jujitsu, absorbing some of the techniques, while rejecting others. "Getting rid of all dangerous, killing or maiming jujutsu waza, Kano forced opponents to grapple with one another. Thus, he restricted violence." (Intjudo.eu) Dr. Kano eliminated many of the brutal joint-lock submission techniques and concentrated on the science of skillfully throwing an opponent on his back. The art he developed would become known as Kodokan Judo. (Worldjudoday.com)
Through Kano's efforts, Judo became a school sport in the national physical education program in Japan. From its humble beginnings, the popularity of judo spread across Japan and to the rest of the world. The first All-Japan Championship was held in 1930. (Umjudo.com) In 1964, Judo became an official event in the Tokyo Olympics. (Worldjudoday.com)
Everything went well for the Japanese and their world-domination of judo until 1961, when Dutch judoka, Anton Geesink won the world championships. (Umjudo.com) Standing 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) tall and weighing 270 pounds (120 kilograms), by any measure of the word, Geesink was a giant. Dr. Kano originally envisioned judo as an art where size and strength wouldn't matter. Geesink's win challenged that notion.
Jigoro Kano was himself small and physically weak. (Judo-ch.jp) Therefore, he wanted to invent a martial art system where a small man could beat a big man. "He decided to learn more about the art which enabled the weak to overcome the strong." (Intjudo.eu)
To prove the efficacy of his art, Kano and many of his students travelled to Europe and the US giving demonstrations and fighting in exhibitions against wrestlers. Mitsuyo Maeda, Count Coma, for example, travelled to Brazil, fighting all-comers. "And that he went around the world proving his art to be superior to every other, at that time." (Gbarrasm.com) The Japanese judoka were often much smaller than their western opponents, but this was in keeping with Kano's principal that a small man, trained in judo, could beat a big man, who wasn't. For this reason, judo competitions were originally held without weight divisions. The All-Japan Championship "continues to this day as Kano envisioned it, without weight, age or rank restrictions, producing still the strongest Judo competitors in Japan." (Umjudo.com)
Geesink's win caused a tremendous ripple in Japan. "This was a big shock for Japanese Judo." (Umjudo.com) And specifically because of Geesink, "the International Judo Federation quickly agreed to recognize weight divisions in future world championships." (Umjudo.com)
Further weight class restrictions were instituted. "At the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games, the "open" division was dropped from the program." (Umjudo.com) The open weight competition was arguably the embodiment of Jigoro Kano's ideals that a small man could beat a big man, and that judo stressed technique over strength. "However, as historian Donn F. Draeger had pointed out as early as 1961, in circumstances where technical skills were extremely well-developed, and competitors likewise had substantial training and competition experience, strength and weight would play a role, in the Judo world." (Umjudo.com)
Geesink would not be the last westerner to influence rule changes in the sport of judo. After Geesink, next came the Russian wrestlers.
The first major judo competition between The Soviet Union and Japan occurred in 1963, in Kyoto, where Russia's Boris Mishchenko defeated well-known Japanese judoka Isao Okano "as soon as the match begins, the Russian grabs the jacket of the Japanese, drops on his back and does a perfect arm bar juji-katame. Okano taps. The whole match lasts less than 20 seconds." (Law, 2009, p. 94) The arm bar was unknown in Japanese judo prior to this match. (Law, 2009, p. 95)
The Russians became a powerful force in judo, even winning three gold medals in the London 2012 Olympics. (Kamalakaran)
Much of the Russians' success in judo is closely tied to the development of Russian sambo, a grappling style developed for the Russian Special Forces in the early 1920s. One of sambo's founders, Vasili Oshchepkov, was the first foreign black belt under judo founder, Dr. Jigoro Kano. As a result of Oshchepkov,'s judo experience, "Sambo has roots in Japanese Judo, international styles of wrestling, plus traditional folk styles of wrestling such as: Armenian Kokh, Georgian Chidaoba, Romanian Trîntǎ, Tatar Köräş, Uzbek Kurash, Mongolian Khapsagay and Azerbaijani Gulesh." (Self.gutenberg.org)
Because of political difficulties between Russia and Japan, and as they were on opposing sides during WW II, the word "judo" was removed from the Russian sports lexicon and replaced with the term "sambo". In 1938, sambo "was recognized as the national wrestling style in the Soviet Union." (Lafon) When the Soviet Union found out that judo was slated for the 1964 Olympics, they began training their wrestlers to win gold medals. "The teaching they had did not focus on spiritual education but on sports results. They viewed judo as just another sport." (Lafon)
In 1962, Soviet sambo champions, Anzor Kibrozashvili and Anzor Kiknadze, won the European Judo championships. In the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, the Soviets won four bronze medals. The Soviet, and later Russian, judo wins came from lessons learned through years of wrestling. "The experience of sambo or the expertise gained through years of national wrestling has made Soviet judo different and so powerful." (Lafon) At the 1972 Munich Olympics, 22 year-old Shota Chochoshvili defeated two time world champion Fumio Sasahara, to take the gold medal. At the 1976, Montreal Olympics, Soviet judokas Vladimir Nevzorov and Sergei Novikov won the gold. "Soviet judo shook the judo world. It took some time for Japanese and Western traditionally-taught fighters to adapt to unorthodox techniques, strictly inspired from sambo." (Lafon)
The Russian judo wins resulted in rule changes which eliminated many wrestling-based techniques. Single and double-leg takedowns, as well as fireman's carry throws from wrestling were outlawed. "Concerned about wrestling-style moves infiltrating their sport, world judo officials outlawed wrestling-like tackles in 2009. Judoko that do any moves that involve grabbing the legs will immediately be disqualified." (Hays)
Many observers felt these changes were as much to eliminate wrestling techniques as they were to hamper the Russian athletes. "The new judo rules include changes that emphasize the sport's standing techniques and outlaw direct attacks on the opponent's legs, often used in countries with a strong wrestling background like Russia, which won the most gold medals in London." (Cheng, 2013)
The 2014 World Judo championships, held in Chelyabinsk, Russia, were conducted under the new rules, banning wrestling techniques. As a result, the Russians finished "without a single gold medal, but with three silver medals and six bronzes." (Ellingworth) Many believe that these new rules prevented the Russians from winning. "One possible reason could be recent rule changes that have aimed to return judo to a more traditional Japanese style."(Ellingworth)
Some international judoka maintain that the judo federation banned wrestling techniques in order for the Japanese to dominate the sport once again. Many purists, however, claim the changes were made to bring the art back to its origins and eliminate contamination from other sports, especially wrestling and sambo. (Hays) "The International Judo Federation says the rules were changed to make judo more dynamic, not to help Japan win more medals." (Cheng, 2013)
Whatever the reason for judo's changes, whether to preserve the art or to give an edge to the Japanese, wrestlers are now at a greater disadvantage in judo than ever before. "You used to see people pick someone up midair, grab their legs and the next thing you know, someone's on the ground," (Cheng, 2013)
Finally, the rule changes are the legacy of the influence that westerners, particularly wrestlers have had on judo.
Cheng, Maria. 'New Judo Rules Favor Japan At World Championships'. philstar.com. N.p., 2013. Web. 14 Aug. 2015.
Cheng, Maria. 'Japan Looking For More Judo Golds At Olympics'. Thejakartapost.com. N.p., 2012. Web. 15 Aug. 2015.
Ellingworth, James. 'Russian Wrestlers' Prowess On The Mat Leaves Judo Playing Catch-Up Russian Wrestlers' Prowess On The Mat Leaves Judo Playing Catch-Up | Russia Beyond The Headlines'. Asia.rbth.com. N.p., 2014. Web. 14 Aug. 2015.
Gbarrasm.com,. 'Gracie Barra Santa Monica | Brazilian Jiu Jitsu | BJJ | Martial Arts | Mixed Martial Arts | MMA | Santa Monica | Gbarrasm.Com'. Web. 14 Aug. 2015.
Hays, Jeffrey. 'JUDO: THE OLYMPICS, RULE CHANGES, JIGORO KANO, RYOKO TANI AND THE JEWISH GRANDMOTHER | Facts And Details'. Factsanddetails.com. N.p., 2009. Web. 13 Aug. 2015.
Intjudo.eu,. 'International Judo Federation'. N.p., 2015. Web. 14 Aug. 2015.
Judo-ch.jp,. 'The Life Of Jigoro Kano: Jigoro Kano, Father Of Body And Mind Education | Judo Channel | Token Corporation: Official Partner Of The All Japan Judo Federation (Zenjuren)'. N.p., 2015.
Judosolutions.co.uk, (2014). Judo as a Fighting Art. [online] Available at: http://judosolutions.co.uk/judo-as-a-fighting-art/
Kamalakaran, Ajay. 'Three Olympic Gold Medals In Judo Put Russia On The Map At London 2012'. Telegraph.co.uk. N.p., 2012. Web. 15 Aug. 2015.
Lafon, Gerald. 'If You Can'T Beat Them, Change The Darn Rules! | Betterjudo.Com'. Betterjudo.com. N.p., 2010. Web. 13 Aug. 2015.
Law, M. (2009). Falling hard. Boston: Trumpeter.
Self.gutenberg.org,. 'Sambo (Martial Art) | Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing – Ebooks | Read Ebooks Online'. N.p., 2015. Web. 14 Aug. 2015.
Umjudo.com,. 'Globalization Of Judo'. Web. 13 Aug. 2015.
Worldjudoday.com,. 'The History Of Judo'. N.p., 2015. Web. 14 Aug. 2015.
arts, ASEAN, asia, association, Belt, BJJ, Black, brooklyn, catch, chinese, dan, east, fighting, graceffo, grapple, grappling, ground, hook, hooker, hooking, japanese, judo, Kepap, martial, monk, odyssey, of, qin, razilian, shanghai, shoot, shooter, Singapore, singaporeAntonio, south, southeast, sport, submission, sus, takedown, traditional, training, university, wrestle, wrestling, wrestlng, yunquan
Booklyn Monk: Catch Wrestling with Yunaquan (Part 1)
At the Singapore catch Wrestling association, Brooklyn Monk, Antonio Graceffo meets up with Qin Yunquan a leading female catch wrestler and MMA fighter. Catch wrestling is a submission wrestling sport which combines the takedowns and pins of wrestling with submissions, which catch wrestlers call "hooks" or "torture holds." Catch was born in the mid to late 19th Century in England, but quickly migrated to the US, where it eventually gave rise to professional wrestling and Ameircan freestyle and folkstyle wrestling. MMA fighter, Josh Barnet is one of the most famous catch wrestlers fighting today, but most of the big names of early MMA can trace their lineage to Karl Gotch, a European/American catch wrestler who taught catch to pro wrestlers in Japan in the 1990's. Among his most famous students were Ken Shamrock and Kazushi Sakuraba.
Watch on Youtube: Catch Wrestling with Yunaquan (Part 1)
Watch it on Youtube: Catch Wrestling with Yunaquan (Part 2 )
Brooklyn Monk, Antonio Graceffo is a martial arts and adventure author living in Asia. He is the author of the books, "Warrior Odyssey' and "The Monk from Brooklyn." He is also the host of the web TV show, "Martial Arts Odyssey," which traces his ongoing journey through Asia, learning martial arts in various countries.
Email Antonio
Antonio@speakingadventure.com
http://www.speakingadventure.com
antonio, arts, ASEAN, asia, association, Belt, BJJ, Black, Brazilian, brooklyn, catch, chinese, dan, east, fighting, graceffo, grapple, grappling, ground, hook, hooker, hooking, japanese, judo, Kepap, martial, monk, odyssey, of, qi, shanghai, shoot, shooter, Singapore, south, southeast, sport, submission, sus, takedown, traditional, training, university, wrestle, wrestling, wrestlng, yunquan
Catch Wrestling in other Media
In Uncategorized on August 6, 2015 at 7:46 am
As part of the research for his PhD dissertation on comparative wrestling styles, Brooklyn Monk Antonio Graceffo travels to the Singapore Catch Wrestling Association, to explore the art of catch wrestling. Meet female catch wrestler, Qin Yunquan a leading wrestler and MMA fighter in Singapore. Hear the Monk discuss a chapter of the English version of his dissertation, entitled Wrestling in other media. Catch wrestling has appeared in lots of American TV shows from The Little Rascals, The Munsters, The Flintstones, to Spiderman, and on.
Watch on Youtube: Catch Wrestling in other Media
America, antonio, arts, Bahru, Bangkok, boxing, Brazilian, Cambodia, catch, china, chinese, Doctoral, Doctorate, freestyle, graceffo, Greco, jiao, Johor, judo, jujitsu, Kepap, khmer, Malaysia, martial, new, odyssey, penh, PhD, Phnom, roman, sambo, sanda, shanghai, shu, shuai, Singapore, sport, submission, team, thailand, traditional, training, university, USA, wrestle, wrestler, wrestling, wu, york
Martial Arts Styles Do Exist
In Uncategorized on August 3, 2015 at 10:22 am
Recently, I saw a Facebook video of a grappling competition, between a freestyle wrestler and a Brazilian Jujitsu practitioner. There are a lot of Youtube videos with titles like "Muay Thai vs. Kyokushin" or "Kung Fu vs. MMA" but what I liked about this particular video was that both practitioners were wearing the clothing appropriate to their art, which made them easily identifiable. The wrestler wore his singlet and wrestling shoes. The BJJ fighter wore a grappling shirt and shorts. The next thing that was special about this match up was that both men fought according to their distinctive styles. In this modern era of open grappling tournaments and MMA fights, most champion fighters are so well-rounded that the imprint of their original martial art is often barely visible.
The litmus test, for a fighter looking like his or her style, would be Ronda Rousey, who, in spite of being incredibly well-rounded, and in spite of having won her UFC 190 fight completely with striking, usually looks like a judoka. Watching her fights, it is generally clearly obvious that she comes from a world-class judo background. Lyoto Machida definitely owes much of his success to the fact that he fights like a karate man and both grapplers and strikers find it difficult to break inside of his unusual footwork. Another example would be Cung Le, whose san da background is evident in his MMA fights. But, when GSP defeated world-class wrestler Matt Hughes, did he really look like a kyokushin fighter? Or is there anything about Roy "Big Country" Nelson to suggest that his first martial art was kung fu?
In this video matchup between the wrestler and the BJJ practitioner, the BJJ guy kept trying to pull guard, to take the fight to the ground, where he would have the advantage. The wrestler was clearly looking for, and got, the takedown, which is his strength. Once he engaged, the wrestler executed a suplex, followed by a high-crotch takedown. He slammed the BJJ guy so hard that the referee stopped the match.
It was the comments posted on this video which caused me to write this article. "its not the name of the style… Its the practitioner", "Jujutsu is wrestling, Judo – is wrestling", "There are not 'greco technique ' of 'BJJ technique , 'judo technique' or 'free style technique' There are only 'RIGHT TECHNIQUE' and 'WRONG'".
Recently, I have heard a lot of people claiming that there are no martial arts styles, only "good technique" and "bad technique." But this is simply not the case. Some techniques are similar across multiple styles, for example, a shoulder throw can be used in judo, shuai jiao, submission wrestling, or even san da. But other techniques are not. And if a particular style lacks a particular technique, the practitioners normally don't drill the defense to that technique. Boxers, for example don't practice sprawl, because there is no single or double leg takedown in boxing. Wrestlers don't practice passing the guard, because that situation doesn't exist in wrestling.
Styles definitely exist. And for that reason, when people wish to excel in mixed style events, like open grappling tournaments, or MMA fights, the best fighters tend to be complete fighters who train in multiple styles.
As anecdotal evidence proving the existence of styles, let me present the findings of my summer research. This summer, I travelled for three solid months training and filming Martial Arts Odyssey. My journey took me to Shanghai, Phnom Penh, Bangkok, New York, Singapore, and Johor Bahru. Along the way, I trained and/or filmed the following martial arts: san da, Greco-Roman wrestling, freestyle wrestling, shuai jiao wrestling, Kepap, catch wrestling, sambo, submission wrestling, judo, boxing, and Brazilian jujitsu.
In san da training, we spent an hour catching kicks. Kick catching is not taught in Greco-Roman wrestling, freestyle wrestling, shuai jiao wrestling, catch wrestling, submission wrestling, judo, boxing, or Brazilian jujitsu.
In Greco-Roman wrestling we were practicing dropping to one knee and executing a fireman's carry (without touching the opponent's leg). This method is not taught in san da, shuai jiao wrestling or boxing.
In freestyle wrestling we were working on cat's cradle pin. This technique is not taught in san da, Greco-Roman wrestling, shuai jiao wrestling, or boxing.
In freestyle, we also worked on ankle-pick which is not done in san da, Greco-Roman wrestling, shuai jiao wrestling, Kepap, judo, or boxing.
In shuai jiao wrestling we practiced jacket grabbing drills. These techniques are not taught in san da, Greco-Roman wrestling, freestyle wrestling, Kepap, catch wrestling, submission wrestling, boxing, or Brazilian jujitsu.
In kepap class the students were learning how to execute a knife attack. Offensive knife fighting is never taught in san da, Greco-Roman wrestling, freestyle wrestling, shuai jiao wrestling, catch wrestling, boxing, sambo, submission wrestling, judo, or Brazilian jujitsu.
In Catch wrestling we were learning knee and ankle submissions. These techniques are forbidden, and thus not taught, in san da, Greco-Roman wrestling, freestyle wrestling, shuai jiao wrestling, boxing, or judo.
In sambo we were learning knee compression submissions. These are not taught in san da, Greco-Roman wrestling, freestyle wrestling, shuai jiao wrestling, Kepap, judo, or boxing.
In submission wrestling we worked on turtle defense and reversing an opponent who was turttled up, so you could get the pin. Turtle position doesn't exist in san da, shuai jiao wrestling, Kepap, or boxing.
In judo we learned how to use the opponent's gi top to choke him. This is not practiced in: san da, Greco-Roman wrestling, freestyle wrestling, shuai jiao wrestling, Kepap, catch wrestling, submission wrestling, or boxing.
In boxing training, my coach, Paddy Carson, was helping me improve the rhythm of my three-punch combinations. Punching isn't taught in Greco-Roman wrestling, freestyle wrestling, shuai jiao wrestling, catch wrestling, submission wrestling, judo, or Brazilian jujitsu.
At Brazilian jujitsu class we were learning spider guard. These skills are not taught in san da, Greco-Roman wrestling, freestyle wrestling, shuai jiao wrestling, catch wrestling, or boxing.
Styles clearly exist. For this reason, to be a complete fighter, one must study multiple STYLES.
Alan, antonio, arts, Belt, BJJ, Black, boxing, bradal, Brazilian, brooklyn, Cambodia, Cambodian, carson, chinese, club, dan, fight, fighting, graceffo, grapple, grappling, ground, japanese, jigoro, judo, kano, khmer, kickiboxing, kyokushin, martial, Mccune, monk, odyssey, of, paddy, penh, Phnom, serey, shanghai, sport, striking, submission, sus, takedown, traditional, training, university, wrestle, wrestling, wrestlng
Paddy's Fight Club 2015 (Parts 1 and 3)
Paddy Carson has always believed that boxing fundamentals were the cornerstone of fighting. Brooklyn Monk, Antonio Graceffo, began training at the original Paddy's Fight Club, under the Japanese bridge, in Phnom Penh, back in 2004. The club has changed and developed over the years. Now, Paddy even has MMA fighters training in his club which was already famous for Khmer boxing and western boxing. In this video catch a special appearance by grappling coach Alan Mccune. But whether the guys are fighting in boxing, kick boxing, or MMA, Paddy believes the most important element of a fight is having good boxing fundamentals.
Paddy Carson has been Brooklyn Monk, Antonio Graceffo's boxing coach for more than a decade. While overcoming cancer, Paddy was forced to have the bones in his leg removed and replaced with titanium. After completing physiotherapy, in the true spirit of Bushido, Paddy returned to work as a boxing coach, getting in the ring every day and taking his pros on the pads. After a pad session at Paddy's Fight Club, Phnom Penh, Paddy, a second dan kyokushin black belt, challenged the Monk to a kyokushin-style, bare knuckle, body- blow sparring session. In the Monk's own words, "Paddy's sparring was heroic. Mine was comical." Only one phrase comes to mind when you see a man of Paddy's age, a cancer survivor, missing one leg, beat the crap out of a Brooklyn Monk, twenty years his junior, who outweighs him by fifteen or twenty kilograms, FULL RESPECT!
Watch on Youtube: Paddy's Fight Club 2015 (Part 1)
Watch it on Youtube: Paddy's Fight Club 2015 (Part 2 )
Watch it on Youtube: Paddy's Fight Club 2015 (Part 3)
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WACO, Texas (AP) Kenrich Williams finally got a hometown victory with No. 16 TCU, which needed overtime after again blowing a double-digit lead in the second half.
Williams, the TCU senior guard from Waco, had 12 points, seven rebounds, three assists and three steals for the Horned Frogs in an 81-78 victory at Baylor on Tuesday night. That included the inbounds pass to Kouat Noi for the punctuating breakaway slam in the closing seconds.
"I can't even explain the feeling. I'm just thanking the guys in the locker room," Williams said. "Every time I come back home previous three years we've been beat by like 20. ... I'm just excited. Feel like I won a championship."
Personal feelings aside, this was a big victory for the Horned Frogs (13-1, 1-1 Big 12), who bounced back from their first loss.
They had been 0-11 against Baylor since joining the league five years ago. They were also coming off a one-point loss at home in their Big 12 opener to No. 7 Oklahoma after blowing a 13-point lead, ending their 17-game winning streak that was the longest in the nation and a school record.
Vladimir Brodziansky had 18 points, including the go-ahead 3-pointer in overtime, for TCU.
After the Frogs blew a 12-point lead in the second half, they finally went ahead to stay on Brodziansky's 3 from the top of the key with 1:29 left in overtime that made it 75-74. They stretched the lead on an inside shot by Noi before his late slam.
"That put the stamp on it," Williams said.
"We won it, and we got it done" TCU coach Jamie Dixon said. "We've got to address the fact that we're having 12-point leads, 13-point leads and these teams seem to get more aggressive down with that lead we have, and we have to respond to it in a better way, and finish it out."
Jo Lual-Acuil had 28 points and 11 rebounds for Baylor (10-4, 0-2), which had a 14-0 run in the second half after giving up an 11-0 spurt before the break. Terry Maston had 20 points and nine rebounds.
All five TCU starters scored in double figures. Jaylen Fisher had 15 points, JD Miller had 13, Williams 12 and Desmond Bane 10.
Baylor's Jake Lindsey drove for a layup with 17 seconds left in regulation to tie the game at 64. TCU had plenty of time, but Bane's open 3-pointer from the right wing ricocheted off the rim as time ran out.
"Wide-open shot by our best shooter. We did what we needed to do. That was good, good execution," Dixon said. "Sometimes they don't go."
TCU: It was the 182nd meeting in the series between the instate rivals, but TCU had lost the first 11 Big 12 meetings by an average margin of 18 points.
Baylor: The Bears were much more themselves with the 7-foot Lual-Acuil back after he missed the Big 12 opener because of a sprained left foot. After their worst rebounding margin in 10 years, with Texas Tech outrebounding them by 18, Baylor had a 45-34 margin over TCU.
"I'm fine," Lual-Acuil said. "I was excited to be able to help my team. Disappointed we lost."
Maston played only his second game since breaking his shooting (right) hand against Xavier on Nov. 28. He was scoreless against Texas Tech.
"First game, I was a little shaky. I was kind of wanted to be hesitant of it and guard it," Maston said. "But thanks to Coach Drew just talking me up I know I'm not going to hurt it any more and it's stronger now than it was before"
TCU is home to play No. 10 Kansas, their first meeting since the Horned Frogs upset the then-No. 1 Jayhawks in the Big 12 Tournament last March.
Baylor is home Saturday to play Texas, then plays five of its next seven games after that on the road through the end of January.


Turkish Airlines operates daily flights to Istanbul and I happened to be on one of them for my recent stopover en route to San Francisco. The combined length of the flight from Nairobi to San Francisco is 39h50 (inclusive of a stopover in Istanbul) and 27h50 for the return leg (inclusive of a 9 hour stopover in Istanbul).
Below is a detailed review, starting with the Nairobi Istanbul route.
As expected, there are separate check in counters for economy and business class.The business class section had no queue so I simply walked through. Check in was a breeze. I was done in in less that 5 minutes. I was late for the occasion so immediately upon check-in, went to immigration desk, and straight on to boarding gate.I am therefore not sure if there is a lounge available for use by Turkish Airlines business class passengers at the JKIA airport.
Business class passengers can check up to 2 suitcases of a maximum of 32 kg (50 lbs) each.
Our flight departed JKIA at about 11:20 a.m.
The business class cabin's seats although not fully lie-flat ,were very spacious, had plenty of leg room,and are arranged in a 2x2x2 configuration. I was lucky to get a window seat even though the view while departing JKIA is nothing to write home about.
The crew was courteous, friendly and helpful. Someone was always available when I needed something.
Sometime in mid-air, we each received an amenity kit courtesy of Cerruti 1881. My female version contained ear plugs, a pair of socks, an eye mask, shea lip balm, a comb, and lotion.
Soon after, the meal service began. There was the option of a lamb, fish, chicken, or vegetarian meal. I went for the chicken, which lets just say was so so.
This they however made up for in the Istanbul San Francisco sector, I will therefore rest my case at that!
This was my favorite sector of the trip. Especially that the business class cabins had comfortable seats which adjustable to multiple positions including into a 180 degrees horizontal bed . Yei!!!!
Like the NBO-IST sector, the in-flight meal service began with a choice of drinks in either lemonade, raspberry, lemon or orange flavor. Again, I went for the raspberry. As soon as we took off, the very friendly crew gave each of the passengers a hot towel to freshen up.
Soon after we were presented with an assortment of walnut, pistachio, and almond nut dish, accompanied with a drink of your choice. In short, the options were extensive but ranged from beer, a choice of spirits, wines, champagne, soft drinks, juices, or water. There was also an assortment of herbal flavored teas such as anise (Turkey's national drink), chamomile, fennel, etc. Boring me went for water.
Just before the appetizers, the stewards provided us with a selection of Turkish breads to choose from. Thereafter, we were served with a platter of cold starters composed of 4 types of cheese, hummus, eggplant with gravy/tomato sauce - can't recall what exactly it was, salmon and grilled zucchini wrap, among other very unfamiliar stuff. For condiments, there was a small bowl of butter, salt and pepper, mixed herbs, and a little bottle of olive oil. A particularly impressive gesture was the small LED candle that crowned our dinner in the sky.
This was immediately followed by a very tasty and delicious creamy pumpkin soup.
And lots of bread options to choose from. Sorry no pictures.
For the main course, there were 3 options: meat, seafood, or vegetarian. I went for the lamb. One word - sumptuous.
The dessert table options were composed of fruit, ice cream, a selection of cheeses, and I think cake. Healthy me went for the fruit platter.
By this time, breakfast was being served. I really loved how the breakfast thingy works. Early on in the flight, the attendants handed me a breakfast form pre-filled with my seat number (and I think my name if I'm not wrong). All I had to do was to tick what I'd love to have for breakfast from the available options, and hand it back to the attendant. I don't remember what I selected but the power breakfast blueberry smoothie was my favorite of all and I asked for second helping. Yea, they gave and asked me if I needed a third helping. Sorry I didn't take any pictures.
On a scale of 1 to 10 with 10 being excellent, I would give the Turkish Airlines in-flight entertainment system a 6. The options were very limited and I chose to sleep instead, on both sectors. They didn't have new movies. All the movies I'd have been interested in I had already watched.
A small caveat though. As someone who works in the tech innovation space, I was impressed by the "invest on board" option which allows you to view 2 minute start-up pitches by Turkish techpreneurs right from the screen on your seat's arm rest. Kudos to eTohum, the accelerator behind this initiative.
How am I ever gonna survive flying coach again?


Shreya Ghoshal at the music launch of Monkemoner Station with Radio Mirchi Kolkata!
Check out the ever-so-beautiful Shreya Ghoshal at the launch of her latest album Monkemoner Station for which Radio Mirchi is proud to be the official radio partner.
Don't miss her beautiful voice either as she sings her way into your hearts!


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Tag Archives: The Big Issue
#PPAconf: Why cover design matters for the Big Issue
In the past year, the Big Issue has changed dramatically, regaining its reputation as a "magazine with teeth", according to editor Paul McNamee.
Speaking at yesterday's PPA conference in London, he said: "We are a very different magazine than we were a year ago and a radically different magazine from 24 months ago."
The Big Issue has seen big changes since it teamed up with Dennis Publishing. With editorial now run from Glasgow and one national edition of the magazine, McNamee concentrated on "the four Cs", cover, content, columnists and community, to give the magazine some bite.
He told delegates: "The cover was the most important. [A bold cover] could attract a lot of attention and make a lot of noise.
"We had to find a way to find our own space again."
Simplifying the cover's design to one element, McNamee showed the delegates how the front page was markedly different to what it was before the magazine's relaunch. He said: "[The cover has] one, single element to it every week that has power and impact and something to say."
Along with enlisting footballer Joey Barton as a columnist and strengthening the magazine's relationship with its vendors, McNamee said he believed the end product is something which will stand the test of time.
"We've been going for 21 years now – hopefully, we'll be around for another few yet."
This entry was posted in Events, Magazines and tagged #ppaconf, columnists, community, conference, covers, engagement, event, Joey Barton, London, magazine, Paul McNamee, relaunch, The Big Issue, vendors on May 10, 2012 by Elena Cresci.
AP to stream live video on US election night for first time
According to a press release from the Associated Press (AP), the agency will embark on its first continuous, live video news coverage on US election night, November 4.
The Big Issue: Election Results stream will feature a host of AP reports and will be streamed from 7pm (EST) on the agency's online video network.
The stream will include views from 10 non-journalists, representing the electorate, who have been selected from AP's collaboration with Yahoo to track the changing attitudes of 2,000 American voters during the presidential campaigns.
"We recognize that this is a once in a quarter century election," said Michael Oreskes, AP managing editor for US News.
"Through the course of the year we have dug deeply into the dynamics of race and gender and economic fears that are suffusing the electorate. Our pre-election AP-Yahoo! News poll assessing the impact of racial attitudes on the electorate is being cited as the prime source on the issue this year. We plan to carry this work into our preparations for election night."
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged AP, Associated Press, Managing Editor, Michael Oreskes, Online Video Network, Politics, Results stream, The Big Issue, United States, US News, USA, Video, Yahoo on October 16, 2008 by Laura Oliver.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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VIDEO: New Red Band Trailer Released for 'Kingsman: The Golden Circle'
by Stage Tube
According to comingsoon.net, 20th Century FOX has released the new Kingsmen: The Golden Circle Red Band trailer.
Kingsman: The Secret Service introduced the world to Kingsman - an independent, international intelligence agency operating at the highest level of discretion, whose ultimate goal is to keep the world safe. In Kingsman: The Golden Circle, our heroes face a new challenge. When their headquarters are destroyed and the world is held hostage, their journey leads them to the discovery of an allied spy organization in the US called Statesman, dating back to the day they were both founded. In a new adventure that tests their agents' strength and wits to the limit, these two elite secret organizations band together to defeat a ruthless common enemy, in order to save the world, something that's becoming a bit of a habit for Eggsy.
Directed by Matthew Vaughn from a script by Jane Goldman and Vaughn, and based on the comic book The Secret Service by Mark Millar and Dave Gibbons, Kingsman: The Golden Circle stars Colin Firth, Julianne Moore, Taron Egerton, Mark Strong, Halle Berry with Sir Elton John, and Channing Tatum, and Jeff Bridges. It will arrive in theaters on September 22.
Check out the full article here and watch the trailer below.
Click Here to Watch the Video!
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Spending my days watching teletubbies, being terrified of the voters of Berlusconi and performing a fashionable nihilism.
Our guests discussed Amsterdam's cultural life with Eva De Klerk. They talked about gentrification and the future of Amsterdam Noord.
Contemporary theather show in Noord.
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January 25: John Phillips released John The Wolfking of L.A. in 1970
Posted on January 25, 2018 January 21, 2018 by Hallgeir Olsen
"…not exactly a great lead vocalist. Phillips knew this, and, according to his book, Papa John, he purposely buried his voice in the mix. This proved to be a bit of tragedy, because underneath it all, this is an excellent album. Songs such as "April Anne," "Malibu People," and "Holland Tunnel" bear out what a fine songwriter he really was, and indeed, these are some of the finest songs of his career. The performances on this record are spectacular. Backed by an all-star group of musicians (most of Elvis Presley's band, including James Burton, as well as the Wrecking Crew, among others), the record's decidedly country feel is crafted to the extreme. Mamas co-founder Denny Doherty has always felt that had the Mamas & Papas recorded this album, it would have been one of their finest. There's no doubt."
– Matthew Greenwald (Allmusic)
John Phillips (John, the Wolf King of L.A.) is the first solo recording by the Mamas & the Papas leader John Phillips. All songs were Phillips originals, dealing mostly with recent events in Phillips' life, including references to his new girlfriend Geneviève Waïte and longtime friend Ann Marshall ("April Anne"). The backing musicians included members of Wrecking Crew. Today the album receives favourable reviews from fans and critics alike. The album was selected as one of ShortList's 50 Coolest Albums Ever. Continue reading "January 25: John Phillips released John The Wolfking of L.A. in 1970" →
Posted in Classic album, Music CalendarTagged Classic album, Great Album, John Phillips, John wolfking of l.a., Mamas & The PapasLeave a comment
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In the family people move with fire. Why do we like our family? Is it because it is a heaven? There is a kind of fire in me for my family. That is the reason I like my family. Like a youngster who is mad with love for his/her beloved.
A child is dependent on parents in Jewish culture. Jesus tells us to become like a child. In Kerala culture also a child depends on parents.


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Recent iOS Update Addresses A Number of Security Vulnerabilities
Posted by csptechnologies On November 21, 2020
If you use an Apple device running iOS, then you'll want to update to the latest version (14.2) immediately.
In the latest update, Apple has patched a trio of 'Zero Day Vulnerabilities' known to have been used by hackers to exploit unpatched systems.
The three issues addressed are as follows:
CVE-2020-27930 - This issue is a remote code execution flaw in the iOS FontParser that allows attackers to execute commands arbitrarily, passing them through this gateway.
CVE-2020-27932 - This is a privilege escalation issue in the kernel of iOS that allows an attacker to run malicious code with kernel-level privileges.
CVE-2020-27950 - This one is a memory leak in the iOS kernel that allows an attacker to retrieve content from any iOS device's kernel memory.
The three flaws have been chained together in attacks against vulnerable system, and collectively, they allow an attacker to take complete control of any vulnerable device.
The fixes for the issues described above are also available for iPadOS, with the release of version 14.2, and watchOS 5.3.8, 6.2.9, and 7.1. If you have an older generation iPhone, you can also make sure you're protected by downloading iOS version 12.4.9.
These issues appear to be related to a trio of recently discovered and patched flaws in ChromeOS and a single Zero Day issue found in Windows 10. According to Shane Huntley, the Director of Google's Threat Analysis Group, none of the recently discovered issues had anything to do with any sort of election targeting. Although as is the case with issues like these, Google declined to provide specific details about how these attacks work or exactly who was targeted.
Zero Day Vulnerabilities are about as serious as they come, so even if you're not normally in a big rush to update your system, you should make an exception in this case. Kudos to Google for launching the Zero Day project, and to Apple for their fast action in addressing these recently discovered issues and patching them in a bid to help keep their users safe. That's how it's done.
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text:
id: security-tls-transport
title: Transport Encryption using TLS
sidebar_label: "Transport Encryption using TLS"
original_id: security-tls-transport
---

## TLS Overview

By default, Apache Pulsar clients communicate with the Apache Pulsar service in plain text, which means that all data is sent in the clear. TLS can be used to encrypt this traffic so that it cannot be snooped by a man-in-the-middle attacker.

TLS can be configured for both encryption and authentication. You may configure just TLS transport encryption, which is covered in this guide. TLS authentication is covered [elsewhere](security-tls-authentication.md). Alternatively, you can use [another authentication mechanism](security-athenz) on top of TLS transport encryption.

> Note that enabling TLS may have a performance impact due to encryption overhead.

## TLS concepts

TLS is a form of [public key cryptography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography). Encryption is performed using key pairs consisting of a public key and a private key. Messages are encrypted with the public key and can be decrypted with the private key.

To use TLS transport encryption, you need two kinds of key pairs, **server key pairs** and a **certificate authority**.

A third kind of key pair, **client key pairs**, are used for [client authentication](security-tls-authentication).

The **certificate authority** private key should be stored in a very secure location (a fully encrypted, disconnected, air gapped computer). The certificate authority public key, the **trust cert**, can be freely shared.

For both client and server key pairs, the administrator first generates a private key and a certificate request. Then the certificate authority private key is used to sign the certificate request, generating a certificate. This certificate is the public key for the server/client key pair.

For TLS transport encryption, the clients can use the **trust cert** to verify that the server they are talking to has a key pair that was signed by the certificate authority. A man-in-the-middle attacker would not have access to the certificate authority, so they couldn't create a server with such a key pair.

For TLS authentication, the server uses the **trust cert** to verify that the client has a key pair that was signed by the certificate authority. The Common Name of the **client cert** is then used as the client's role token (see [Overview](security-overview)).

## Creating TLS Certificates

Creating TLS certificates for Pulsar involves creating a [certificate authority](#certificate-authority) (CA), [server certificate](#server-certificate), and [client certificate](#client-certificate).

The following guide is an abridged guide to setting up a certificate authority. For a more detailed guide, there are plenty of resource on the internet. We recommend the [this guide](https://jamielinux.com/docs/openssl-certificate-authority/index.html).

### Certificate authority

The first step is to create the certificate for the CA. The CA will be used to sign both the broker and client certificates, in order to ensure that each party will trust the others. The CA should be stored in a very secure location (ideally completely disconnected from networks, air gapped, and fully encrypted).

Create a directory for your CA, and place [this openssl configuration file](https://github.com/apache/pulsar/tree/master/site2/website/static/examples/openssl.cnf) in the directory. You may want to modify the default answers for company name and department in the configuration file. Export the location of the CA directory to the environment variable, CA_HOME. The configuration file uses this environment variable to find the rest of the files and directories needed for the CA.

```bash

mkdir my-ca
cd my-ca
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/pulsar-site/main/site2/website/static/examples/openssl.cnf
export CA_HOME=$(pwd)

```

Create the necessary directories, keys and certs.

```bash

mkdir certs crl newcerts private
chmod 700 private/
touch index.txt
echo 1000 > serial
openssl genrsa -aes256 -out private/ca.key.pem 4096
chmod 400 private/ca.key.pem
openssl req -config openssl.cnf -key private/ca.key.pem \
    -new -x509 -days 7300 -sha256 -extensions v3_ca \
    -out certs/ca.cert.pem
chmod 444 certs/ca.cert.pem

```

After answering the question prompts, this will store CA-related files in the `./my-ca` directory. Within that directory:

* `certs/ca.cert.pem` is the public certificate. It is meant to be distributed to all parties involved.
* `private/ca.key.pem` is the private key. This is only needed when signing a new certificate for either broker or clients and it must be safely guarded.

### Server certificate

Once a CA certificate has been created, you can create certificate requests and sign them with the CA.

The following commands will ask you a few questions and then create the certificates. When asked for the common name, you should match the hostname of the broker. You could also use a wildcard to match a group of broker hostnames, for example `*.broker.usw.example.com`. This ensures that the same certificate can be reused on multiple machines.

:::tip

Sometimes it is not possible or makes no sense to match the hostname,
such as when the brokers are created with random hostnames, or you
plan to connect to the hosts via their IP. In this case, the client
should be configured to disable TLS hostname verification. For more
details, see [the host verification section in client configuration](#hostname-verification).

:::

First generate the key.

```bash

openssl genrsa -out broker.key.pem 2048

```

The broker expects the key to be in [PKCS 8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKCS_8) format, so convert it.

```bash

openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -outform PEM \
    -in broker.key.pem -out broker.key-pk8.pem -nocrypt

```

Generate the certificate request...

```bash

openssl req -config openssl.cnf \
    -key broker.key.pem -new -sha256 -out broker.csr.pem

```

... and sign it with the certificate authority.

```bash

openssl ca -config openssl.cnf -extensions server_cert \
    -days 1000 -notext -md sha256 \
    -in broker.csr.pem -out broker.cert.pem

```

At this point, you have a cert, `broker.cert.pem`, and a key, `broker.key-pk8.pem`, which can be used along with `ca.cert.pem` to configure TLS transport encryption for your broker and proxy nodes.

## Broker Configuration

To configure a Pulsar [broker](reference-terminology.md#broker) to use TLS transport encryption, you'll need to make some changes to `broker.conf`, which is located in the `conf` directory of your [Pulsar installation](getting-started-standalone).

Add these values to the configuration file (substituting the appropriate certificate paths where necessary):

```properties

tlsEnabled=true
tlsCertificateFilePath=/path/to/broker.cert.pem
tlsKeyFilePath=/path/to/broker.key-pk8.pem
tlsTrustCertsFilePath=/path/to/ca.cert.pem

```

> A full list of parameters available in the `conf/broker.conf` file,
> as well as the default values for those parameters, can be found in [Broker Configuration](reference-configuration.md#broker)

### TLS Protocol Version and Cipher

The broker (and proxy) can be configured to require specific TLS protocol versions and ciphers for TLS negiotation. This can be used to stop clients from requesting downgraded TLS protocol versions or ciphers which may have weaknesses.

Both the TLS protocol versions and cipher properties can take multiple values, separated by commas. The possible values for protocol version and ciphers depend on the TLS provider being used. Pulsar uses OpenSSL if available, but if not defaults back to the JDK implementation.

```properties

tlsProtocols=TLSv1.2,TLSv1.1
tlsCiphers=TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA

```

OpenSSL currently supports ```SSL2```, ```SSL3```, ```TLSv1```, ```TLSv1.1``` and ```TLSv1.2``` for the protocol version. A list of supported cipher can be acquired from the openssl ciphers command, i.e. ```openssl ciphers -tls_v2```.

For JDK 8, a list of supported values can be obtained from the documentation:
- [TLS protocol](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html#SSLContext)
- [Ciphers](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html#ciphersuites)

## Proxy Configuration

Proxies need to configure TLS in two directions, for clients connecting to the proxy, and for the proxy to be able to connect to brokers.

```properties

# For clients connecting to the proxy
tlsEnabledInProxy=true
tlsCertificateFilePath=/path/to/broker.cert.pem
tlsKeyFilePath=/path/to/broker.key-pk8.pem
tlsTrustCertsFilePath=/path/to/ca.cert.pem

# For the proxy to connect to brokers
tlsEnabledWithBroker=true
brokerClientTrustCertsFilePath=/path/to/ca.cert.pem

```

## Client configuration

When TLS transport encryption is enabled, you need to configure the client to use ```https://``` and port 8443 for the web service URL, and ```pulsar+ssl://``` and port 6651 for the broker service URL.

As the server certificate you generated above doesn't belong to any of the default trust chains, you also need to either specify the path the **trust cert** (recommended), or tell the client to allow untrusted server certs.

### Hostname verification

Hostname verification is a TLS security feature whereby a client can refuse to connect to a server if the "CommonName" does not match the hostname to which it is connecting. By default, Pulsar clients disable hostname verification, as it requires that each broker has a DNS record and a unique cert.

Moreover, as the administrator has full control of the certificate authority, it is unlikely that a bad actor would be able to pull off a man-in-the-middle attack. "allowInsecureConnection" allows the client to connect to servers whose cert has not been signed by an approved CA. The client disables it by default, and should always be disabled in production environments. As long as "allowInsecureConnection" is disabled, a man-in-the-middle attack would require that the attacker has access to the CA.

One scenario where you may want to enable hostname verification is where you have multiple proxy nodes behind a VIP, and the VIP has a DNS record, for example, pulsar.mycompany.com. In this case, you can generate a TLS cert with pulsar.mycompany.com as the "CommonName," and then enable hostname verification on the client.

The examples below show hostname verification being disabled for the Java client, though you can be omit this as the client disables it by default. C++/python clients do now allow this to be configured at the moment.

### CLI tools

[Command-line tools](reference-cli-tools) like [`pulsar-admin`](reference-cli-tools.md#pulsar-admin), [`pulsar-perf`](reference-cli-tools.md#pulsar-perf), and [`pulsar-client`](reference-cli-tools.md#pulsar-client) use the `conf/client.conf` config file in a Pulsar installation.

You'll need to add the following parameters to that file to use TLS transport with Pulsar's CLI tools:

```properties

webServiceUrl=https://broker.example.com:8443/
brokerServiceUrl=pulsar+ssl://broker.example.com:6651/
useTls=true
tlsAllowInsecureConnection=false
tlsTrustCertsFilePath=/path/to/ca.cert.pem
tlsEnableHostnameVerification=false

```

#### Java client

```java

import org.apache.pulsar.client.api.PulsarClient;

PulsarClient client = PulsarClient.builder()
    .serviceUrl("pulsar+ssl://broker.example.com:6651/")
    .enableTls(true)
    .tlsTrustCertsFilePath("/path/to/ca.cert.pem")
    .enableTlsHostnameVerification(false) // false by default, in any case
    .allowTlsInsecureConnection(false) // false by default, in any case
    .build();

```

#### Python client

```python

from pulsar import Client

client = Client("pulsar+ssl://broker.example.com:6651/",
                tls_hostname_verification=True,
                tls_trust_certs_file_path="/path/to/ca.cert.pem",
                tls_allow_insecure_connection=False) // defaults to false from v2.2.0 onwards

```

#### C++ client

```c++

#include <pulsar/Client.h>

ClientConfiguration config = ClientConfiguration();
config.setUseTls(true);  // shouldn't be needed soon
config.setTlsTrustCertsFilePath(caPath);
config.setTlsAllowInsecureConnection(false);
config.setAuth(pulsar::AuthTls::create(clientPublicKeyPath, clientPrivateKeyPath));
config.setValidateHostName(true);

```

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Stateless children born in the UK have a right to register as British citizens after living here for a continuous period of five years. But various practical hurdles undermine this vital provision for reducing statelessness. The UK is, therefore, falling short in respect of its obligations regarding both statelessness and children's best interests.
To register under paragraph 3 of Schedule 2 to the British Nationality Act 1981 a stateless person must meet four conditions. She or he must be born in the UK; have always been stateless; be under the age of 22 and living in the UK at the time of applying to register; and at the date of application have spent the last five years living in the UK (with no more than 450 days absence during this period unless 'special circumstances' are shown).
If these four conditions are met, the applicant is entitled to British citizenship when she or he applies.
However, having an entitlement to something is not the same as being able to claim it.
The first hurdle is that many children born in the UK may have no idea they are stateless and not British citizens already. Unless and until they apply for a passport or need to prove their status in the UK, there is no reason why they would know. Some may not discover their status until shortly before adulthood or even much later.
The second hurdle, however, is ignorance about the right to register as British. Even where a child or young person is able to access legal advice, too often advisers are not aware of this right to register citizenship – or indeed other rights to register – under the 1981 Act.
Some advisers only consider applying for leave to remain, too often because the distinction between nationality and immigration law is either ignored or misunderstood. This can prove to be disastrous, as well as expensive. Even where a child is granted leave to remain, this is likely to be for a temporary period of 30 months requiring repeated renewals each time with a large application fee. Of course, while the child only has leave, she or he remains stateless with all the serious restrictions and uncertainty that comes with being subject to immigration control.
Worse, the right to register under paragraph 3 of Schedule 2 is time limited. Once the child turns 22, if no application has been made this right is lost forever. There is generally no good reason to delay registration where a child has and wishes to exercise her or his right to do so if the conditions of paragraph 3 are met.
Should a stateless person miss the opportunity to register by turning 22, section 1(4) of the 1981 Act may provide an alternative. It provides a right to register as British to those born in the UK, who live here for the first ten years of their lives. There is no age cut-off by when this right must be exercised. However, an applicant under section 1(4) must be of good character whereas an applicant under paragraph 3 need not.
The third hurdle is evidential. While the conditions to be met in applying under paragraph 3 are limited, they include several which may prove problematic.
The child or young person will normally be able to access a birth certificate showing their birth to be in the UK. But the Home Office will require further evidence of her or his identity, which may be less than straightforward for stateless children.
The Home Office also expects evidence that applicants have been living in the UK for the past five years and without excessive absences – even though their statelessness make it less likely someone could have left the country (or returned).
An applicant will also need to show he or she is stateless. Home Office guidance indicates decision-makers will want to see letters from the national authorities of each parent confirming the child or young person is not and has never held their nationality. Such requirements can become especially difficult to meet if a parent cannot be identified, contacted or is unwilling to help. Children in care or whose parents are estranged may have particular difficulties.
These evidential hurdles tend to get worse the longer time goes on. For example, social services stand a far better chance of securing evidence about a child's status and that of their parents when a child is taken into care than several years later. This concern is one reason why family courts should be alert to the possibility of directing local authorities in relevant cases to take steps to ascertain and address any right to register a child may have.
The fourth hurdle is the fee. Currently, the fee for a child to register as British is £973; an adult must pay £1,163. The Home Office claims the unit cost of administering these applications is £386. A child applicant must pay an additional £80 if her or his registration is accepted after she or he turns 18. This is for the citizenship ceremony the young person will need to attend. These fees are regularly raised, often with almost no notice.
British citizenship in these cases is an entitlement, yet the Home Office is making hundreds of pounds above cost each time a child or young person seeks to register their right. The Home Office offers no waiver or exemptions.
An additional hurdle, which compounds the others, is that legal aid is not available for advice and assistance on these registration applications (unless exceptional case funding is granted). Children need specialist legal help to recognise their entitlement, identify the evidence required, instruct experts where necessary (an expert may be necessary to show a child does not have her or his parent's nationality) and prepare an application. Without legal aid, many children are simply unable to secure the necessary help and expertise.
These hurdles should each be removed or mitigated. Legal aid ought generally to be available to children and young people to ensure they can end their statelessness by registering their right to British citizenship. They should not be obstructed from doing so by a fee, and certainly not one in excess of the cost of administering an application even assuming the child has access to some funds.
While the need for evidence cannot be avoided, the Home Office must ensure its policy and practice does not impose unreasonable demands on applicants. The Home Office ought, for example, to be willing to confirm someone does not or cannot have another nationality where it can do so (e.g. by enquiries made via overseas posts) – particularly where the applicant is a child as to do so will be in her or his best interests. Other evidential hurdles could in part be mitigated if legal aid was generally available and adequately funded.
Stateless children not born in the UK may, like other children, seek to register as British citizens at the Home Secretary's discretion under section 3(1) of the 1981 Act if their future clearly lies in the UK.
Paragraph 3 of Schedule 2 also applies to stateless people born in a British overseas territory such as Bermuda or Gibraltar (see Schedule 6, as amended, of the 1981 Act for full list of countries). Schedule 2 of the Act includes other measures to reduce statelessness affecting people not born in the UK.
Solange Valdez-Symonds is solicitor and director of the Project for the Registration of Children as British Citizens (PRCBC) and Steve Valdez-Symonds is refugee and migrant rights programme director at Amnesty International UK.The authors are grateful to Cynthia Orchard, legal policy officer at Migrants Resource Centre (MRC), for comments on a draft of this blog.
PRCBC is a registered charitable company and hosted by Migrants Resource Centre.


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Mallersdorf-Pfaffenberg is een gemeente in de Duitse deelstaat Beieren, en maakt deel uit van het Landkreis Straubing-Bogen.
Mallersdorf-Pfaffenberg telt  inwoners.

Gemeente in Beieren

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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1961 doo-wop songs featuring Ronnie James Dio
Society Of Rock has recently published an article about an early song featuring the one and only Ronnie James Dio from when the powerhouse singer was only 19 years old. The group Ronnie Dio and the Red Caps released a single entitled "An Angel is Missing" / "What I'd Say" back in 1961, which had Dio singing doo-wop tunes.
Wikipedia states the following about Dio's early years in the music business (with slight edits):
"Dio's musical career began in 1957 when several Cortland, New York musicians formed the band, The Vegas Kings. The group's lineup consisted of Dio on bass guitar, Billy DeWolfe on lead vocals, Nick Pantas on guitar, Tom Rogers on drums, and Jack Musci on saxophone.
In 1958, the band again changed their name from Ronnie & The Rumblers to Ronnie and the Redcaps. Musci left the band in 1960, and a new guitarist, Dick Botoff, joined the lineup. The Redcaps released two singles: The first single was "Conquest"/"Lover" with the A-side being an instrumental reminiscent of The Ventures and the B-side featuring DeWolfe on lead vocals. The second single was "An Angel Is Missing"/"What'd I Say" which featured Dio on lead vocals for both tracks.
Explanations vary for how [Ronnie] Padavona adopted the stage name "Dio". One story is that Dio was a reference to mafia member Johnny Dio. Another has it that Padavona's grandmother said he had a gift from God and should be called "Dio" ("God" in
Italian), although this was debunked by Padavona's widow, Wendy Dio, in a February 2017 interview. Padavona first used the name on a recording in 1960, when he added it to the band's second release on Seneca. Soon after that the band modified their name to Ronnie Dio and the Prophets. The Prophets lineup lasted for several years, touring throughout the New York region and playing college fraternity parties. They produced one single for Atlantic and one album. Some of the singles (such as "Mr. Misery", released on Swan) were labeled as being by Ronnie Dio as a solo artist even if the rest of the Prophets contributed to the recording. The group released several singles during the following years until early 1967. Dio continued to use his birth name on any songwriting credits on those releases.
In late 1967, Ronnie Dio and the Prophets transformed into a new band called The Electric Elves and added a keyboard player. After recovering from a deadly car accident in February 1968 (which killed guitarist Nick Pantas and put Dio and other band members briefly in hospital), the group shortened its name to The Elves and used that name until mid-1972, when it released its first proper album under the name Elf. Over the next few years, the group went on to become a regular opening act for Deep Purple. Elf recorded three albums until the members' involvement recording the first Rainbow album in early 1975 resulted in Elf disbanding."
Ronnie Dio and the Red Caps' "An Angel Is Missing" song:
Ronnie Dio and the Red caps – An Angel is Missing (1961) .wmv
early ronnie dio with group rare syracuse record on seneca enjoy!!
Ronnie Dio and the Red Caps' "What I'd Say" song:
Ronnie and the Red Caps – What I'd Say
Ronnie and the Red Caps – What I'd Say ( Vinyl Rip ) Though I am not a DIO fan, uploaded for others to enjoy