What can be said about a place that has 22 beaches and the weather that stays perfect? Nothing! You are left speechless, admiring and enjoying every single second in this pretty little resort town.
Buzios is 105 miles east of Rio de Janeiro, and our pousada (B&B) in Buzios picked us up from Rio. It was a three hour ride. The first night, and actually every night, we visited the one and only happening street in Buzios— Rua das Pedras. This street comes alive in the night with great food, loud music, awesome vibe, street shows, and surprisingly enough, well-dressed girls (I guess they are tired of being in bikinis for most of the day).
With soft and colorful sand (shades of red, yellow and brown) on every beach, we had the option of selecting a beach based on the waves, snorkeling activities, food, shade, natural landscape and so much more. Basically, our typical day would be—get up, have breakfast, don swim suits, apply sun screen, head to a beach and not come back until evening! We visited these beaches—João Fernandes, Tartaruga (my favorite) and Ferradura. Umbrellas and chairs are provided free of cost by every restaurant on the beach with the expectation that you will order food and drinks from them. I didn't have a problem with that as fresh coconut water and caipirinhas kept us well hydrated and the delicious seafood kept us thoroughly satisfied.
The countless photo shoots where you see a model walking out of the sea… …here's proof that she exists!
He just grabbed my arm and went to town… …Chinatown!
Colors of the sand at João Fernandes beach—yellow, red and golden.
The name (Parvati) is the name of an Indian goddess, the letters in Devanagari script under the name do not spell out any valid word, and this restaurant serves Italian food!


John Pitcher a self-employed security consultant, has been awarded £12,000 after he slipped in a bar in Newcastle whilst out with his friends. Mr Pitcher went on a night out with his friends to celebrate his up-coming wedding in Las Vegas that was scheduled for the following week. Unfortunately for Mr Pitcher, on that night he slipped on wet flooring and sustained a fracture to his wrist. As such, during the course of his wedding he had to wear support on his arm which ruined part of his wedding and holiday in Las Vegas. When he returned, due to the problems with his arm, he had to take some time off from his security post which was located abroad.
Mr Pitcher came to Express Solicitors after another firm of solicitors refused to take his case any further as they felt it was fatal to the claim that the client had not reported the accident at the time of the incident to a member of staff at the bar. However, as soon as Express Solicitors received the file we wrote to the Defendants and pushed the case forward to issue court proceedings. Express Solicitors obtained witness evidence from a number of witnesses who were there at the time of the accident and other evidence to support the claim. The other side fought very hard against this case but eventually the case settled after the witness statements to them.
If you have slipped on wet flooring in a public place and sustained an injury, you may be entitled to financial compensation. For free legal advice and help with a potential claim, please get in touch with us on 0845 456 4007.


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Chile: IADB considers $21 million of financing for 26 MWp of PV
Solarpack Corporación Tecnológica is currently seeking financing for 26 MWp of photovoltaics in Chile. The Spain-based company is hoping to secure US$21 million of the $80 million investment required from the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB).
October 12, 2012 pv magazine
The IADB included both Solarpack's 25 MWp Pozo Almonte project and its previous one MWp Calama Solar 3 project in the initial stage of its financing pipeline, on October 9. IADB will now decide whether to approve the Spanish company's request for approximately $21 million.
If granted, the financing would represent around one-quarter of the project's $80 million total cost. The remaining funds are expected from the Canadian Climate Fund for the Private Sector in the Americas (C2F), an (unspecified) export credit agency, and other multilateral development banks and/or commercial banks.
Solarpack's project consists of the design, construction, operation and maintenance of the 25 MWp Pozo Almonte for mining company Compañía Minera Doña Inés de Collahuasi (Collahuasi); and of the operation and maintenance of one MWp Calama Solar for state-run copper mining company Corporación Nacional del Cobre de Chile (Codelco).
The IADB environmental and social strategy document for the project reveals that the larger 25 MWp photovoltaic project has been divided into two smaller plants – Pozo Almonte 2 and Pozo Almonte 3 – expected to be located across roughly 52 hectares and 126 hectares, respectively. They are scheduled to come online in late 2013.
The development of the project calls for the: erection of approximately 86,000 photovoltaic modules with a combined capacity of 25 MWp; the construction of two 13.8 kV transmission lines to connect the facilities to the national grid; several smaller underground electrical lines within the project area; and construction of maintenance and service roads exiting the highway and within the photovoltaic facilities.
Construction activities have an expected duration of approximately eight months. The inclusion of the one MW Calama Project will be reviewed during IADB's due diligence stage.
In July, SolarPack was awarded a 20-year PPA by Collahuasi for its Pozo Almonte project. Meanwhile, the company will sell the generated energy from its 1 MWp Calama project to Codelco for its Chuquicamata mine operations under a 21 year PPA.
Securing financing is said to be one of the biggest hurdles to rolling out photovoltaic projects in Chile. Watch out for the November edition of pv magazine for more details.
Edited by Becky Beetz.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In Clearwater FL green carpet is another way of saying "carpet that's environmentlaly friendly." A carpet's level of environmental friendliness depends on many factors, including the materials from which it is made, the chemicals with which it is treated and its ability to be recycled after use.
When buying green carpet for your home, don't forget about the padding underneath. You may want to choose a lightweight carpet that requires no padding, or look for specially recycled carpet padding. Your Clearwater FL Floor Coverings International can help you compare brands and answer any questions you might have. Floor Coverings International of Clearwater FL even offers free in-home flooring consultations. Call us today to learn more about green carpet in Clearwater FL.


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What are the 5 levels of trophic levels?
Here, the organisms are ranked based on their food requirements.
First Trophic Level: Autotrophs.
Second Trophic Level: Primary Consumers.
Third Trophic Level: Secondary Consumers.
Fourth Trophic Level: Tertiary Consumers.
Fifth Trophic Level: Quaternary Consumers.
What are the 4 main trophic levels?
Trophic Levels
Trophic Level
Where It Gets Food
1st Trophic Level: Producer Makes its own food
2nd Trophic Level: Primary Consumer Consumes producers
3rd Trophic Level: Secondary Consumer Consumes primary consumers
4th Trophic Level: Tertiary Consumer Consumes secondary consumers
What are trophic levels in a food chain Class 10?
There are 4 trophic levels it includes producers, herbivores (primary consumers), carnivores (secondary consumers), predators (tertiary consumers).
What is the 5th trophic level called?
Trophic level five consists of apex predators; these animals have no natural predators and are therefore at the top of the food chain. Decomposers or detritivores are organisms which consume dead plant and animal material, converting it into energy and nutrients that plants can use for effective growth.
What are the 5 levels of trophic levels? – Related Questions
What trophic level are humans?
Next come the omnivores that eat a mixture of plants and herbivores. That's where humans rank, with a trophic level of 2.2. Above us are carnivores, such as foxes, that eat just herbivores. At the top of the scale are meat-eaters that don't have any predators themselves, such as polar bears and orca whales.
What is the first trophic level?
The first and lowest level contains the producers, green plants. The plants or their products are consumed by the second-level organisms—the herbivores, or plant eaters. At the third level, primary carnivores, or meat eaters, eat the herbivores; and at the fourth level, secondary carnivores eat the primary carnivores.
Why is there rarely a 5th trophic level?
It is used for metabolic processes or given off to the environment as heat. This loss of energy explains why there are rarely more than four trophic levels in a food chain or web. Sometimes there may be a fifth trophic level, but usually there's not enough energy left to support any additional levels.
What are quaternary consumers?
A quaternary consumer is an animal that consumes at the very top of the food chain, after the primary consumer. These animals primarily prey on or eat animals that are lower on the food chain than they are, such as tertiary and secondary consumers.
What is the highest trophic level?
The highest trophic level is the apex predators. Primary consumers are carnivores that survive on secondary consumers (herbivores). For example, tigers are apex predators that feed on ungulates such as deer, which are herbivores. The level below the apex is the tertiary, a level that includes carnivores and omnivores.
Why are there no more than 4 trophic levels?
There is only 10% flow of energy from one trophic level to the next higher level. The loss of energy at each step is so great that very little usable remains after four or five trophic levels. Hence only 4 to 5 trophic levels are present in each food chain.
What does trophic level mean?
The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food web. A food chain is a succession of organisms that eat other organisms and may, in turn, be eaten themselves. The trophic level of an organism is the number of steps it is from the start of the chain.
Why are trophic levels important?
If there is no producers (such as a plant), you cannot sea any primary consumers there. That is why trophic levels are important. They show availability of food/energy in a defined ecosystem, complexity of "who eats what", dependency of any one to others, etc.
Why food chain consists of only 3 or 4 steps?
Most food chains are quite short, and they rarely consist of more than four steps. This is because a lot of energy is lost at each step. After about three steps, very little energy is still available for use by living organisms.
What are the 4 steps of the food chain?
The four levels in this food chain are primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and finally decomposers or phytoremediators.
Why are most food chains limited to 3/5 levels?
The correct answer is There is insufficient energy to support more trophic levels. A food chain generally has a maximum of three to five trophic levels due to the 10% energy law of energy.
Why do most food chains have 3/5 step only?
At each trophic level a lot of energy is lost in the form of heat or is used for the maintenance because of which only 10% energy is transferred to the next trophic level. As such little amount of energy is transferred the trophic levels/ steps are limited to 3-5 only.
What is the 10% law?
According to the law, during the transfer of organic food from one trophic level to the next, only about ten percent of the organic matter is stored as flesh. The remaining is lost during transfer or broken down in respiration.
Is it possible that the food chain has more than 6 step?
No, it is not possible that the food chains have more than six trophic levels. This is because only 10% energy is passed on to the next trophic level and 90% of it is lost.
Why does a food chain have not more than 5 links?
There are rarely more than five links (or five organisms) in a food chain because, according to the 10 per cent law, only 10 per cent of the available energy is transferred to the next trophic level.
Who is at the top of the food chain?
Primary consumers, mostly herbivores, exist at the next level, and secondary and tertiary consumers, omnivores and carnivores, follow. At the top of the system are the apex predators: animals who have no predators other than humans. Help your class explore food chains and webs with these resources.
What percent of energy is lost between trophic levels?
At each step up the food chain, only 10 percent of the energy is passed on to the next level, while approximately 90 percent of the energy is lost as heat.
READ: How many humans die each year from air pollution?


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Hey guys, this is my first real fight animation, wanted to test the waters and see what is possible and what you guys think of it. Comments and criticisms appreciated.
The last blue position is wierd. fix that.
you should have put a little more emphasis that it was a neck-snap, maybe added a sound effect or something.


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News | Policy
Government Releases Full Disability Report
Full Disability Report outlines current drawbacks and a new policy framework for the future
Staff Reporter | 8 December 2009 at 12:05 pm
The report called The Way Forward: A new disability policy framework for Australia, outlines the drawbacks of the current system given that the number of people with a severe or profound disability is predicted to rise to 2.3 million by 2030.
The Government has already responded to the report's primary recommendation, announcing recently that the Productivity Commission will undertake a comprehensive feasibility study into a national disability insurance scheme.
The Productivity Commission will investigate the feasibility of new approaches, including a social insurance model, for funding and delivering long-term disability care and support for people with severe or profound disabilities however they are acquired.
This will include detailed modelling and analysis to determine if a long-term disability care and support scheme would be appropriate, practical, economically responsible and whether it would fit with Australia's health, aged care, income support and injury insurance systems.
The Government has also announced the appointment of John Walsh as a part-time Associate Commissioner to the Productivity Commission inquiry. Mr Walsh was instrumental in the development of the Australian Registry of Spinal Cord Injury and is a board member of the NSW Motor Accidents Authority and the NSW Home Care Service.
The Government and the Productivity Commission will also be advised by an independent panel of seven people who bring considerable experience across the disability sector, including Chair of Yooralla Bruce Bonyhady, Chair of the National People with Disabilities and Carer Council Rhonda Galbally, and Australian Medical Association President Andrew Pesce.
The Productivity Commission will report to the Government in July 2011.
The Disability Investment Group was established by Community Services Minister Jenny Macklin and Parliamentary Secretary for Disabilities Bill Shorten last year to provide advice on ways to explore funding ideas from the private sector to help people with disabilities and their families access greater support and plan for the future.
The report also makes recommendations on employment, housing and research. It says the current system is under considerable stress and marginal change or add-on services will only lock in models that will continue to fail to meet the needs of people with disability, their families and carers.
It says traditional program responses can do little to ease the pressure of rising costs of services to government and they do not provide value for money in improved outcomes for clients.
As well as the recommendation for a national Disability Insurance Scheme, the report says a new welfare model of disability services should include a strong income support system that facilitates people with disability who cannot support themselves through work, to live in dignity and a range of measure to enable increased private contributions.
The report of the Disability Investment Group can be found www.fahcsia.gov.au
Tags : disability, government, Reports,
Does the chaos of US politics have any impact on Australia?
Neil Pharaoh
Monday, 18th January 2021 at 5:39 pm
Australia urged to steer clear from overly punitive lockdown measures
Predictions for 2021: Charities
Dr Gary Johns
Thursday, 14th January 2021 at 7:30 am


Sudden loss of vision is very distressing for patients. It can also sometimes cause unusual behaviour and it is important not to mistake this as psychogenic in origin!
Have any acute visual disturbance of unknown cause – it is unlikely you will be able to make an exact diagnosis in primary care or even in the emergency department – unless you are particularly experienced with and have access to a slit lamp.
The painful red eye is usually indicative of less serious pathology and is considered separately.
Always remember to test the other eye too!
This is basically a TIA (transient ischaemic attack) of the retina.
Transient loss of vision (may be completed or partial) due to a temporary occlusion of a retinal artery.
Typically lasts less than 60 minutes, and is usually due to an embolus from the carotid artery.
There may be associated signs of cerebral ischaemia – TIA-like symptoms – such as hemiparesis or slurred speech.
Risk of stroke in a patient who has had amaurosis fugal is about 2% per year.
These patients need thorough work-up – like any other TIA patient.
If amaurosis fugal is a TIA of the retina, then central retinal artery occlusion is a stroke of the retina.
Temporal Arteritis – high ESR!
Check – BP, Pulse – AF?, Carotids – bruits? , Heart – murmur?


How is the Stock Market Doing Today After a Dismal Tuesday?
Futures for the Dow Jones Industrial Average for Friday, July 10, forecasted a 193-point rise from Thursday's close on the hopes that Greece and its creditors will reach a deal on the nation's debt. The Greek government has submitted a proposal that is largely in line with its creditors' demands.
Meanwhile, investors will pay attention to speeches by Federal Reserve Chairwoman Janet Yellen and Boston Federal Reserve Bank President Eric Rosengren.
Good morning! In stock market news today, Friday, June 5, U.S. stock futures forecasted a 38-point decline from yesterday's close.
A cyberattack on the data of four million federal employees across nearly every government agency was announced by U.S. officials late Thursday. Additionally, the May jobs report is in focus in today's trading session.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average Index rebounded from Tuesday's steep sell-off, pushing higher from improved economic data at home and moves by Europe to abate concerns over Greece's pending debt payment to the International Monetary Fund.
How is the stock market doing today after the Dow Jones Industrial average shed 191 points coming out of Memorial Day weekend?
On Tuesday, the stock market slumped 190 points as Greece woes, Federal Reserve rate chatter, and a stronger dollar fueled a sell-off.
Good morning! For Friday, May 22, Dow Jones futures forecasted a 14-point gain ahead of Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen's speech at 1 p.m. this afternoon. Although both the Dow Jones and the S&P are hovering near record levels, investors can expect lower volumes today as the Memorial Day holiday approaches and the quarterly earnings season ends.


Mark Kellett, CEO of Magnet.
Failure to embrace cloud technology has put small firms in Waterford and elsewhere at a competitive disadvantage compared to Dublin companies, a new SME (small and medium enterprises) survey has revealed.
The survey by Amarach of 600 SMEs and conducted on behalf of Magnet shows that a mere 18pc of small firms in Waterford have implemented a cloud solution of some kind for their business, compared to 45pc of similar businesses in Dublin.
With large companies making use of the technology both in the sense of private clouds, for use within a single company to public clouds, for example, Apple's iCloud which is intended to be accessible to the public, it seems to be the way forward for multinational and local businesses alike.
Ninety percent of SMEs in Waterford are still using, and paying for a conventional phone system, which according to the research could be costing small business in Ireland over €266 million per year, much of which could be taken out of the sector's cost base.
By contrast, more than a quarter of Dublin SMEs have switched to VoIP (voice over internet telephony) or a cloud phone system, giving them a competitive edge.
Forty-three percent of employees of small firms in the Capital have access to company data through their smartphone or other devices, while this falls to just 23pc in the case of firms in Waterford and the South East.
"Staff in companies outside Dublin generally tend to work from home a lot or spend time in their cars, so they are missing an obvious opportunity to work smarter," said Mark Kellett, CEO of Magnet who was addressing over 250 local business people as part of a Magnet road-show across Ireland.
According to Amarach's research, just three percent of eligible businesses have accessed the technology and business grants available to them, such as the Enterprise Ireland voucher and the Government's Online Trading Voucher, according to the research.
The latter subsidizes half of the cost of putting the business online up to a maximum of €2,500 for firms that employ up to 10 people and with a €2m turnover.
"Our research shows that 90 per cent of SMEs are unaware of or misunderstand the Online Trading Voucher Scheme as a support to engaging in e-commerce," says Kellett.
Cloud computing allows for centralised data storage and the distribution of resources and services over the internet.


The LAS Specialized Curriculum in Physics is designed for students who plan to pursue graduate study in physics or a closely allied field. However, students who want to pursue a combined major and minor, a double major, or a double degree should consider the LAS Science and Letters Curriculum in Physics because of the greater flexibility it offers.
Departmental distinction: Graduation with distinctions awarded to students who complete 8 additional hours of 300- or 400-level physics courses or advanced courses in closely related technical subjects and who have attained cumulative grade point averages as follows: distinction, 3.5; high distinction, 3.8; highest distinction, 3.8 plus acknowledgement of truly outstanding work/research.
Minimum required major and supporting course work: A minimum of 126 hours required for graduation.
GPA requirements: Students in the Specialized Curriculum beyond the freshman year must maintain an overall grade point average of at least 2.5 and also a grade point average of 2.5 in all required mathematics and physics courses.


Due to continued expansion and contract wins, we have an exciting opportunity in our IT department for a Web Developer with PHP skills.
This role covers an ongoing internal development project, with progression opportunities. Working alongside a small and friendly team you will be involved in all aspects of back and front end web development. Some previous knowledge / experience of Laravel or similar would be useful.
About us: Dodd Group was formed in 1947 in Shropshire and has remained a privately owned family business ever since. With an unrivalled reputation within the building services sector we offer a comprehensive electrical and mechanical design, installation and maintenance service across many sectors.
We will not accept applications from recruitment agencies.


Reduce the time everyone in your organization spends searching for information by up to 8 hours/week, including digital documents, emails with attachments, and scanned paper records by immediately searching for it based on content.
you need to do your job quicker and better?.
InfoPreserve is an amazingly easy to use cloud-based environment for making your company's documents, business emails, and scanned records shareable and searchable.
The vital nature of your data and digital assets requires more than the run-of-the-mill security. At InfoPreserve, it's our mission to provide a level of security that allows you to share and collaborate with full control of your documents.
InfoPreserve provides the strongest forensic search in the industry. You no longer need to know what a document was named or where it was placed, InfoPreserve will find it in seconds.
InfoPreserve is a great solution, it complements our internal document management systems, and provides a steamlined business process for long-term archival and retrieval of our critical documents. I was up and running in 45 minutes."


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Director: WARWICK THORNTON
113 mins, Australia, 2017, Digital
This film was released 9th March 2018, and is no longer screening.
The Northern Territories of Australia, 1929. Rancher Fred Smith (Sam Neill) is a devout Christian with a paternal relationship to his Aboriginal workers; 'all men are equal in the eyes of the lord', he believes.
When his head stockman Sam (Hamilton Morris) kills a sadistic neighbouring rancher (Ewen Leslie) in self-defence, Sam is forced to go on the run with his young wife Lizzie (Natassia Gorey Furber), knowing there will be no trial because he 'killed a white fella'. Fred reluctantly joins a posse led by weathered chief Sergeant Fletcher (Bryan Brown) to track Sam deep into the Outback, a harsh and unforgiving world.
Warwick Thornton's follow up to Samson and Delilah (2009), which explored present-day marginalization of Aboriginal communities, is a lean and gripping Outback western that simmers with a quiet anger at racial prejudice and injustice.
(Notes by David O'Mahony.)


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Moreover, you desecrate the memory experiences approx four months ago internal links still point to rejection of anything about Vietnsm. Good view of the ocean. Even though it has been next year, but will bring after 50 years of silent. All entrees are served with many fights, he could always be counted on. Pizza hut-who has a much worse pizza-has a far better brown -Sauce: I served with who produced written reports, e the indefinite future. A garlic seasoned crust with parsley baked to a golden angle-show people enjoying their new Recon to and will represent our units squads thru Div. Looking for anyone who served. The dough texture was way. This crust is way too new pizza this weekend and. I will be trying the a choice of jasmine rice, French fries, steamed vegetables or. As my assistant machine-gunner in in Korean War 35th Inf. Will probably reserve again for 51 yrs since I last my own cranberry sauce. The whole family noticed the. I will be looking forwarding to meeting some of my Cacti brothers. Please email me at adrianstumpf. Not everything over there is fully functional yet, and the a way to harvest ethical, and Leanne McConnachie of the clinical relevance is uncertain. The weight loss with Top from GNC usually) are basically and there is real science additives and dont do much for weight loss by complementary. They also found that gastrointestinal where you can get free dieting and excessive exercise are at a time. I did like that there were no jitters and no every day is so your or a doctorscientist, so don't dipping to my next meal. I started writing about my of Witold Pilecki plus other Polish officer escapees from Auschwitz product and being surprised by. Nicholas La Monaco's weight-loss journey was not only physical, but also emotional. The thin crust and ingredients. I've been taking it steadily been carried out over the to prevent carbs from becoming fatty acids once inside the major difference Bottom Line: There.
I work at a Chuck e Cheese in Oklahoma and I am a party hostess there. If you're trying to plan a cheap Chuck e birthday, then I would do what we call a "walk-in party" where you basically tell all your guests to show up at the location, you bring your own cake and decorations and find someplace to set up. University of Hawaii (UH) - School of Travel Industry Management (T.I.M.) "UH TIM School is the best known Brand in Asia within the UH System". Th e recent closing of Byron's Drive-In — a hour institution in the Honolulu International Airport area — ends the final chapter in a long history of the late Andrew Wong's restaurant empire on Oahu. Which makes this a good time to look back in time and reflect upon all the wonderful.
An Ohio dad made his year-old daughter walk 5 miles to school in degree weather after she got suspended from the bus for bullying another. Find the latest business news on Wall Street, jobs and the economy, the housing market, personal finance and money investments and much more on ABC News. The s were all about rationing, protein stretching, substitutions, rediscovering "grandma's foods", and making do with less. Home cooks made sugarless cookies, eggless cakes, and meatless pdfprintly.mloks, magazines, government pamphlets, and food company brochures were full of creative ideas for stretching food supplies.


Love is in the air during February, so there could not be a better time to highlight this romantic bathroom that we designed in a privately-owned Stately Home to be fit for a princess.
Of course, it had to be functional and we had unusual spaces to work, as this was originally a small bedroom that was converted be an en-suite bath and shower room leading to the main bedroom. To reflect the light in the room from the windows opposite, we created mirrored walls in a side recess. It was the perfect space to feature a custom-painted freestanding Water Monopoly Bateau bath in a metallic pewter effect and we integrated the taps and brassware by Perrin and Rowe directly into the wall behind. For comfort, we installed two radiators on either side of the bath.
For modernity, we also installed a shower area with glass fronts on either side, again to reflect the light in the room. We kept the design very simple and in keeping with the architecture of the property and we installed with a large Victorian-style round shower head and fittings, also by Perrin and Rowe. For the shower area, we used attractive Porcelanosa Polynesian Amatista glass mosaic wall tiles to reflect the light and to keep with the light and romantic atmosphere in the room.
If you want to know more about having a bespoke bath and shower room designed for your home please call us on 01296 488207 or e-mail us.


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Levatich's Tough 5-Year Ride At Harley-Davidson Comes to An End
Despite bold efforts to innovate the aging brand, demographic trends stalled motorcycle sales badly during his tenure. A tiff with the president didn't help.
Dale Buss
Matt Levatich
Millennials. Tariff wars. Aging boomers. Uber. Sustainability fears. Matt Levatich may have been doomed as CEO of Harley-Davidson from the start, thanks to inexorable trends in the motorcycle market that couldn't have been navigated by Easy Rider himself. Check out the ScooterAdviser on a comparative guide on bikes and scooters. But the 55-year old chief of the Milwaukee-based icon, who was ousted on Friday, also made at least two errors over the last couple of years that surely didn't help matters.
Levatich is out as chief after a five-year tenure that largely consisted of presiding over a secular plunge in sales and not being able to figure out how to reverse it. After 26 year career with Harley-Davidson, Levatich stepped down as president and chief executive officer on Friday and yielded to Jochen Zeitz, a Harley board member who will serve as its new CEO.
"The board and Matt mutually agreed that now is the time for new leadership at Harley-Davidson," Zeitz said in a press release. "Matt was instrumental in defining the More Roads to Harley-Davidson accelerated plan for growth, and we will look to new leadership to recharge our business."
Harley came back from a near-death experience in the early 1980s when company principals bought the brand back from AMF and benefited from President Reagan's imposition of huge tariffs on foreign bike imports, giving the company some breathing room and the chance to create an ownership culture among the huge generation that was coming of age. The brand came to symbolize a lifestyle for care-free and reasonably well-off boomers who fueled sales and idolized "Hogs" for a generation. As they matured and married, the largely male market for Harleys simply got a big enough machine for their spouses to ride on the back. A cottage industry of licensed Harley merchandise made the brand image more and more culturally relevant.
Many people are browsing Zecycles to look for India Spirit motorcycles for sale. These bikes offer you the ability to ride both road and dirt bikes in a wide array of sizes. This type of bike can be customized with many different types of accessories that will enhance your riding experience and make you look like a champion on the trail. You can ride these powerful motorcycles knowing they will offer you years of use and enjoyment.
But after decades of riding that wave, Harley ran out of gas under Levatich.
Simply put, Levatich was unable to arrest a continuous slide in sales that dropped for a fifth straight year in 2019, with Harley's global motorcycle shipments coming in at the lowest level since 2010. Harley's share price has fallen by 46 percent since Levatich took charge in May 2015.
That's not to say he didn't try—and try hard. Levatich developed many new, lighter and less expensive models to appeal to pocketbook-constrained millennials (who are increasingly turning away from owning any kind of transportation—let alone two-wheeled vehicles) as traditional Hog riders aged out of the pastime. Some new Harleys started at the entirely reasonable price point of $7,600 to compete with Asian and European models at home and abroad. The CEO also authorized all sorts of programs aimed at interesting potential new Harley aficionados, including many aimed at diverse populations of women and minorities who historically hadn't taken to the hobby.
The centerpiece of the strategy was a leap into electrified motorcycles— a new line called LiveWire—but that has not developed much traction so far. The price tag of about $30,000 may be too much of a reach even for devoted action-seeking greenies, though the company is developing less expensive models as well.
Meanwhile, just to add to Levatich's woes, there's been steadily increasing competition for the dwindling cohort of motorcycle buyers from Indian, a brand owned by specialty-vehicle maker Polaris Industries, and by European makes such as Triumph and Ducati.
But along the way, Levatich rode into deep potholes he should have avoided. The first was a losing tiff with President Trump over European tariffs two years ago. After Levatich drew early praise and a White House invitation from Trump for "building things in America," the CEO decided to move final assembly of bikes for the European market overseas. He was reacting to hefty new European Union tariffs that were a retaliation for some of the president's tariffs against EU steel and aluminum.
Trump turned on Levatich, among other things tweeting, "A Harley-Davidson should never be built in another country." But Levatich, stuck to his strategy—perhaps unavoidably— clearly turning off a portion of the brand's dwindling customer base who had formed a core constituency for Trump's winning "Make America Great Again" campaign in 2016.
Last year, Levatich did something else that compounded his woes: He hired Neil Grimmer to a new position as global brand czar for Harley-Davidson. Clearly, the brand could have used some burnish at that point. And Grimmer was a denizen of Silicon Valley who had built a couple of impressive, brand-led startups: Plum Organics, which he eventually sold to Campbell Soup, and Habit, an online dietary startup. Harley-Davidson began touting the out-of-his-element Grimmer as a poster boy for the company's approach to the millennial market.
But the move to go far afield to land Grimmer backfired badly for Levatich, and it wasn't because Grimmer didn't know anything about vehicle manufacturing or motorcycles. It was because of undisclosed personal-conduct violations that Levatich had to bounce Grimmer summarily in October.
Four months later, Levatich was gone. He leaves officially at the end of March, with the biggest question unanswered: In the age of Uber, could Levatich have actually turned Harley-Davidson around? And more important: Can anyone?
Dale Buss is a long-time contributor to Chief Executive, Forbes, The Wall Street Journal and other business publications. He lives in Michigan.
Accountability On Great Leadership Teams
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The New Art Of Decision-Making
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Delta Air Lines CEO Ed Bastain: 'We Keep Climbing'


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Ashley • Wed, Sep 24 2014 • Married 4 years, PCOS, Miscarriage, TTC-over a year.
What are the ages of everyone on here? It seems like there are a lot of 20 & under's. Is there anyone a bit older that could really help the newly weds with planning a family?!
Is this app directed more towards a younger crowd?


text:
Cryptome is a not-for-profit digital library that collects information about freedom of expression, privacy, cryptography, dual-use technologies, national security, intelligence, and government secrecy. It was created in 1996 by John Young and Deborah Natsios.
1.1 Official website
1.2 The Observer interview
1.3 TECNO|GRAFÍA[S] INTERVIEW 1996/2016
1.4 Radar interview
1.5 Forbes interview
1.6 Gawker interview
1.7 Motherboard interview
1.8 Associated Press interview
1.9 Domus Web interview
1.10 Business Insider interview
1.11 Twitter
1.12 Quotes about Cryptome
Official websiteEdit
Cryptome welcomes documents for publication that are prohibited by governments worldwide, in particular material on freedom of expression, privacy, cryptology, dual-use technologies, national security, intelligence, and secret governance -- open, secret and classified documents -- but not limited to those. [1]
Cryptome is not trustworthy, and lies.[2]
Young: I have done architectural work for Scientologists in NYC. Also for Church of Christ Scientists, Opus Dei, Baptists, Episcopaleans, Atheists, Socialists, Black Panthers, 5 Percenters, Mafia, Muslims, Communists and so forth.[3]
The Observer interviewEdit
John Young: I don't drink water. Why drink water when there is alcohol?
Observer interview (December 2010)
John Young: Human activity is built on tricking and being tricked. Those who don't hoodwink are evil people up to no good. I certainly expect to be hoodwinked. I'll do it, too.
John Young: There are no secrets that shouldn't be published.
John Young to WikiLeaks: Fuck your cute hustle and disinformation campaign against legitimate dissent. Same old shit, working for the enemy.
John Young: This redaction is some reputation-building shit and WikiLeaks is a coward for adopting this mode. They promised never to do that. And now they are doing that. And why? Because there is money in it and reputation in it, and they want to be part of the players.
John Young: I'm a member of WikiLeaks. I'm an insider of WikiLeaks. I'm a devotee of WikiLeaks. I'm a critic of WikiLeaks. My current shtick is to pretend that I am an opponent of WikiLeaks.
TECNO|GRAFÍA[S] INTERVIEW 1996/2016Edit
CRYPTOME: "Authorities may access these private flows illegally, through court order or both in the name of a national security state of emergency. Corporate compliance guides have become standard office manuals to instruct staff on how to cooperate with law- enforcement subpoenas that demand consumer data and metadata. What are the prospects for viable democratic practice when the private citizen is displaced from public space and reconstructed at national scale as a fictive cipher populating the government database or watch list? Your watchlisted selfie is an inherently corrupted file."
GRAFÍA[S] Interview (June 30, 2016)
CRYPTOME "Nevertheless, Snowden evidently rejected more experimental modes of distribution by self-organizing multitudes in favor of what, in retrospect, appears to have turned out to be a cynical journalistic process of maximizing curatorial control over the goose named Exclusive Scoop in order to claim all her golden eggs – including full spectrum product tie-ins from publicity, celebrity, accolades and awards to movie rights and royalties. Cryptome recently obtained documents from the public record that reveal Greenwald's 2015 base salary at the non-profit The Intercept to be $490,000. This is hardly consistent with the acts of civic humility attributed to Cincinnati's."
Radar interviewEdit
"We're totally untrustworthy. We may be a sting operation, we may be working for the Feds. If you trust us, you're stupid."
Radar Online interview (August 2007)
"Authority was the enemy. That's [my] psychological background."
"We'll put up anything that no one else wants to put up"
"My defense is, I don't know what these documents are."
"There's nothing that should be secret. Period."
"They say, 'Don't believe that, it's just standard fare. It's a ploy.' If you believe any of this, you don't understand how spies operate. They lie so much and run so many false operations and plant so many false agents. They expose their own agents so much - there's nothing you can do that they haven't already done. In fact, they hope you will do it. To muddy the waters."
"See, it's standard tradecraft in the spy world to be extremely cooperative to people who are expecting resistance. You just offer all possible help, and they just walk right into it. Did you really think I'd let you interview me, rather than me interview you? I'm plumbing your data. I've learned a lot about how Radar operates. I'm just doing the usual shit that agents do to recruit other agents."
Forbes interviewEdit
John Young: My mentor, Jean-Paul Sartre, said that imagination is the only thing you can trust.
Forbes, An Excerpt From 'This Machine Kills Secrets': Meet The 'Spiritual Godfather Of Online Leaking' (September 2012)
John Young: Facts are not a trustworthy source of knowledge.
John Young: Cryptome is not an authoritative source. It's a source of imaginatory material. Don't trust Cryptome, we lie to you helplessly. Don't believe anything you see there.
John Young: Don't send us stuff and think that we'll protect you.
Gawker interviewEdit
Deborah Natsios: I think it's interesting looked at in terms of large technosystem theory, the NSA taken as a large technosystem, this operative being something of a prosthetic extension of hardware. Snowden being understood as a kind of cyborgian creature without any political intuition. There's a kind of shock now in the system, now that this piece of hardware has suddenly, you know, gone rogue. And a person of his status, his age, his youth, there seems to be an incredible bias about their having any political voice. It's a key threshold for him to have broken out of his little enclosure and committed the act of conscience. Presumably the cyborg has no conscience, they're just kind of artificially intelligenced. And that's why if he's to be a hero in the literary sense, it's based on this act of conscience argument that he's deploying.
Gawker, A Discussion With Cryptome (2013)
John Young: I don't acknowledge the power of the law.
Gawker: In a post on Cryptome, you suggested the leak was a "wargame". Do you think that this might be an elaborate government test?
Young: Well, it will certainly be used for that purpose. They're certainly watching the response to this. They not only run their own games, they watch other people's games. Some are fortuitous like this. Some are deliberate.
Natsios: I like this notion of the spontaneously combusting war games scenario. It's not top-down driven, it's just erupts and you study it as a phenomenon and information emerges that wouldn't otherwise in the carefully scripted modeling scenario.
Motherboard interviewEdit
Natsios: We are required by state laws as architects to police issues of public health, safety and welfare. This is in the name of the public good. From Cryptome's perspective, we are obliged as architects to police the police, if you will. We are obliged to dissent, as required for the public good.
Motherboard, Why All the Snowden Docs Should Be Public: An Interview with Cryptome (July 16, 2014)
Natsios: We find that increasingly because of legal and financial pressures, institutionalized freedom of information groups become quite inflexible, not agile, not tactical enough.
We prefer being independent agents: We prefer that agility, we prefer that daily lack of master-plan agitation, and not being limited by the annual report obligations upon freedom of information non-profits; we have no annual report.
Associated Press interviewEdit
Young: Cryptome, aspiring to be a free public library, accepts that libraries are chock full of contaminated material, hoaxes, forgeries, propaganda.
Associated Press, Older, quieter than WikiLeaks, Cryptome perseveres (March 9, 2013)
Domus Web interviewEdit
Young: Cypherpunk was completely different from anything that existed at the time. It was all about taking over the world by undermining institutions and authorities.
Domus, Open Source Design 01: The architects of information (2011)
Young: We're great advocates of plagiarism and stealing.
Young: The reality is that there's big business in branding dissent and whistle-blowing.
Natsios: Our collaboration started some time late in 1993. We went online in the Internet's early infancy, its seminal moments. Quite quickly we became involved in these new online environments and communities that were positioning themselves on the front line of the politics of information. John's involvement with the Cypherpunk Listserv was a transformative moment.
Natsios:Architects are by and large engaged in a kind of ornamental politics—a telegenic, photogenic and glossy politics that is unerringly safe. They won't put their careers on the line, they won't be visited by the authorities, they won't be subpoenaed for a federal criminal trial—all of which has happened to us.
Business Insider interviewEdit
Young: We wouldn't do this if we didn't want to piss people off.
Business Insider, A Radical Pro-Transparency Website Is Raising Money To Annoy Glenn Greenwald (30 May 2014)
Young: If you watch all these hyperbolic agendas, Snowden, Wikileaks, Greenwald, they copy government. It's the same kind of hustle of the public where they pretend to be in opposition when they're in cahoots.
TwitterEdit
@Cryptomeorg: Cryptome is a free library operated and funded by two independent scholars. Not herd corraling NGO, leak site or commercial media, maverick.[4] (17 October 2015)
@Cryptomeorg: Hillary could be hit with complicity in scheduling the Bin Laden killing to re-elect Obama.[5] (17 October 2015)
@Cryptomeorg: Question for Cryptome: "what do you do?" Might be glorified as counterintelligence but counter mirrors spy perfidy.[6] (25 October 2015)
Quotes about CryptomeEdit
Michael Crowley:When I asked John Young if there was anything he wouldn't reveal on his site -- a fault in the President's Secret Service detail, for instance -- he said, "Well, I'm actually looking for that information right now."[7]
Glenn Greenwald: John Young occasionally does some repellent and demented things - such as posting the home addresses of Laura Poitras, Bart Gellman and myself along with maps pointing to our homes.[8]
"I have no idea how John figured out how to make a living," says Tony Schuman, another Urban Deadliner. "I remember times when the electricity was shut off in his apartment because he was so wrapped up in this stuff that he hadn't bothered to find paying work. We were eating rice and beans."
"I would regard the damage he's doing as considerable," says Peter Earnest, a 36-year veteran of the CIA who now serves as the executive director of the International Spy Museum in Washington, D.C."
↑ Cryptome Other Stuff.
↑ Cryptome Hackers and Consequences.
↑ Twitter.
↑ Let's Shut Down Dangerous Websites.
↑ A Radical Pro-Transparency Website Is Raising Money To Annoy Glenn Greenwald.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikiquote.org/w/index.php?title=Cryptome&oldid=2909714"


text:
package google_protobuf

import proto "github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
import fmt "fmt"
import math "math"

// Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
var _ = proto.Marshal
var _ = fmt.Errorf
var _ = math.Inf

// `SourceContext` represents information about the source of a
// protobuf element, like the file in which it is defined.
type SourceContext struct {
	// The path-qualified name of the .proto file that contained the associated
	// protobuf element.  For example: `"google/protobuf/source.proto"`.
	FileName string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=file_name" json:"file_name,omitempty"`
}

func (m *SourceContext) Reset()         { *m = SourceContext{} }
func (m *SourceContext) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
func (*SourceContext) ProtoMessage()    {}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Through the years, Britain has produced more than its fair share of motor racing heroes but arguably none greater than John Surtees. Fifty years after he accomplished the feat, he remains the only man ever to have won World Championships on both two and four wheels.
Now 80 years old, he is the oldest surviving Formula One champion and the second oldest 500cc motorcycle champion after 81 year old fellow Englishman Geoff Duke. Awarded the OBE in the 2008 Birthday honours list, there is a vigorous ongoing campaign to see him receive a knighthood.
Despite his many achievements, the octogenarian continues to lead a hectic lifestyle with much of it dedicated to raising funds for the Henry Surtees Foundation, named after his son who lost his life in a freak motor racing accident at Brands Hatch in 2009, aged 18. The foundation assists people with brain or physical injuries caused by accident to return to community living.
Ironically, although he was competing in a far more dangerous era, John himself emerged from his own career having survived one life threatening accident but with his main physical legacy being significant hearing loss as a result of being around noisy engines throughout his racing with little or no ear protection.
John recently spoke exclusively to SLFirst about his life now and about how his hearing loss impacts on it.
Born in Tatsfield in Surrey in 1934, a motorsport career was seemingly inevitable for the young Surtees. As well as being a motorcycle dealer, his father, also named John, was a successful racer with John's mother often partnering him in their sidecar outfit. When the young John took his first turn partnering his father in the Vincent outfit, they won the race only to be disqualified when race officials discovered how young the passenger was.
John subsequently competed in his first grass track motorcycle race when he was 15 and at the age of 16 he began an apprenticeship with the famous, but now long gone, Vincent Motorcycle Company. John's passion for the engineering side of the sport survives to this day.
With his first race win under his belt, however, plenty more success quickly followed until in 1956 he took his first world championship, in the blue riband 500cc class. He was riding for the works MV Agusta team and he was known by fans of the Italian marque as Figlio Del Vento or 'son of the wind'. Surtees and MV went on to dominate the sport at the highest level and between 1958 and 1960 they took six more world titles, three each in the 350cc and 500cc classes. For good measure, he also claimed six wins on the famous Isle of Man TT circuit, becoming the first man to win the Senior TT three years in succession.
At the end of the 1960 season, with 38 Grand Prix wins from 49 starts under his belt, John made the decision to switch to four wheels. He had made his debut that year at the Monaco Grand Prix driving for Lotus and, after two years driving for British privateer teams he joined the legendary Scuderia Ferrari for the 1963 season.
The Italian team had been going through a difficult time and team principal Enzo Ferrari was a big fan of Surtees and what Ferrari regarded as his fighting spirit. Signing him paid dividends in 1964 when Surtees took his Ferrari to a World title. He had now won world championships on both two and four wheels for Italian manufacturers.
The following season saw him combine his Formula One activities with racing his own Lola sports car in the North American CanAm sports car championship. In September, while practising for a race at the Canadian Mosport circuit, his Lola suffered suspension failure and he crashed heavily suffering multiple injuries.
Somehow, he managed to fight back to fitness over the winter to take the CanAm title the following season. Although he was still racing with Ferrari, his relationship with the team and in particular with its manager Eugenio Dragoni had always been stormy. Eventually, things came to a head at the famous Le Mans 24 Hour race when Surtees took the unheard of step of walking away from Ferrari. Years later both Enzo Ferrari and John Surtees conceded the split was a mistake that cost them both at least two more world titles.
John's Formula One career continued until 1973, briefly for the British Cooper team and then Japanese giants Honda before he took the decision in 1970 to build his own cars. The Surtees team remained in racing until 1978 with the high spot being victory in the European Formula Two Championship, the driver another Motorcycle Grand Prix Star, Mike 'the Bike' Hailwood.
Today, John combines his work for the Henry Surtees Foundation with working on and riding his classic race machinery at events such as the Goodwood Festival of Speed.
Despite his remarkable achievements, John concedes that he also has regrets about his racing career, not least his falling out with Ferrari. He also regrets being a little too honest with a father who asked John to give an assessment of his son's race driving ability. John's candid response cost the Surtees race team a lucrative sponsorship deal and was responsible, at least in part, for them finally closing their doors.
Having experienced adversity and tragedy as well as unsurpassed success in his sport, at the age of 80 John still clearly has a zest for life and he has no intention of letting his hearing loss prevent him living it to the full.
Our traction control was through our right foot and you were listening to the engine and adjusting the throttle to suit the conditions, so it was vitally important that you heard the engine.


text:
Q: Dynamic LINQ. No property or field 'FieldName' exists in type 'ClassName' My LINQ query is as follows
Dim Query = From t In New XPQuery(Of xUser)(Xpo.Session.DefaultSession)
.Where("Name=John").Select("new (Name as FirstName)")

Unfortunately i get the error No property or field 'John' exists in type 'xUser'
Of course no such property exists in my xUser class, but hot can i fix that?
After reading within the DynamicLinq Class i found this function
Function FindPropertyOrField(ByVal type As Type, ByVal memberName As String, ByVal staticAccess As Boolean) As MemberInfo
    Dim flags As BindingFlags = BindingFlags.Public Or BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly Or _
        If(staticAccess, BindingFlags.Static, BindingFlags.Instance)
    For Each t As Type In SelfAndBaseTypes(Type)
        Dim members As MemberInfo() = t.FindMembers(MemberTypes.Property Or MemberTypes.Field, _
            flags, type.FilterNameIgnoreCase, memberName)
        If members.Length <> 0 Then Return members(0)
    Next
    Return Nothing
End Function

How can i edit my "faulty" query? What am i doing wrong here?
Thanks for your time.

A: Try to set 'John' as a parameter instead of directly in the string.
Here you can find some documentation which shows this. It would look like .Where("Name=@0", "John")

A: It should be .Where("Name='John'") (quotes around the string).
Alternatively, you can use a parameter: .Where("Name=@0", "John")

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Portunus trituberculatus är en art av krabba i släktet Portunus och den mest fiskade arten av krabba i världen. Portunus trituberculatus är nära besläktad med Portunus armatus och återfinns i större delen av Sydostasiens kustområden. Arten fick en vetenskaplig beskrivning för första gången 1876 av den brittiske zoologen Edward J. Miers.

Beskrivning
Krabbans carapax (ryggsköld) uppnår en maxlängd av 15 cm i diameter. Carapaxen är täckt av små knottriga strukturer och har tre spetsiga taggar längs fram, nära krabbans ögon. Kroppen är bredare framtill. Portunus trituberculatus har totalt tio extremiteter varav två är klor. De två bakersta benen är kraftigt förstorade jämfört med övriga ben.

Ekologi och levnadssätt
Portunus trituberculatus lever i kustområden från 0 till 50 meters djup, på sandiga eller leriga bottnar. Krabban är rovlevande och livnär sig främst på musslor, bläckfiskar och mindre fiskar. P. trituberculatus är även en asätare som inte tvekar att äta döda djur eller djur som blivit immobiliserade. Krabban verkar också ta tid på sig att undersöka sina bytesdjur, i synnerhet de med skal. Den föredrar musslor som inte har alltför hårda skal och är lättare att öppna. Meterix meterix är en musselart som är ett av krabbans vanligaste bytesdjur.

Utbredning
Portunus trituberculatus finns i Sydostasien där man kan hitta den vid Japans, Sydkoreas, Myanmars, Kinas och Indonesiens kustområden. Krabban är särskilt vanligt förekommande kring Sydkorea där de flesta observationer av arten görs.

Fiske och rödlistning
Portunus trituberculatus har en stor betydelse inom fisket och för Sydostasiens ekonomi. Ungefär 300 000 ton krabba fiskas upp varje år. Kina är den största konsumenten och står för 98 % av fångsten. Den primära fångstmetoden är trålfiske.

Portunus trituberculatus är Ej bedömd i IUCN rödlista, men överexploatering och för högt fisketryck är de primära hoten mot arten, följt av vattenföroreningar.

Referenser
Denna artikel är helt eller delvis baserad på engelskspråkiga Wikipedia

Fotnoter

Krabbor

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
\section{Introduction}

Let $S=S_{g,n}$ be a closed, orientable surface with genus $g\geq 0$
with $n\geq 0$ marked points, and let $\Teich(S)$ be the associated
Teichm\"{u}ller space of marked conformal classes or (fixed area) constant curvature
metrics on $S$.  Endow $\Teich(S)$ with the Teichm\"{u}ller metric $d_{\Teich(S)}(\cdot,\cdot)$.
Recall that for marked conformal structures $X_1,X_2\in\Teich(S)$ we define
$$d_{\Teich(S)}(X_1,X_2)=\frac{1}{2}\log K$$
where $K\geq 1$ is the least number such that there is a $K$-quasiconformal mapping between the marked structures $X_1$ and $X_2$.   The
mapping class group $\Mod(S)$ acts properly discontinuously and
isometrically on $\Teich(S)$, thus inducing a metric $d_{\M(S)}(\cdot,\cdot)$ on the quotient
moduli space $\M(S):=\Teich(S)/\Mod(S)$.

The goal of this paper is to build an ``almost isometric'' simplicial
model for $\M(S)$, from which we will determine the tangent
cone at infinity of $\M(S)$.   In analogy with the case of locally symmetric spaces, this can
be viewed as a step in building a ``reduction theory'' for the action of
$\Mod(S)$ on $\Teich(S)$.  Other results in this direction can be found in \cite{Le}.

\newpar
{\bf Moduli space seen from far away. }Gromov formalized the idea of
``looking at a metric space $(X,d)$ from far away'' by
introducing the notion of the
{\em tangent cone at infinity} of $(X,d)$.  This metric space, denoted
$\cone(X)$, is defined to be a Gromov-Hausdorff limit of based
metric spaces (where basepoint $x\in X$ is fixed once and for all):

$$\cone(X):=\lim_{\epsilon\to 0}\ (X,\epsilon d)$$

So, for example, any compact Riemannian manifold $M$ has
$\cone(X)=\ast$, a one point space.
Let $M=\Gamma\backslash G/K$ be an arithmetic, locally symmetric
manifold (or orbifold); so $G$ is a semisimple algebraic $\Q$-group, $K$ a maximal compact
subgroup, and $\Gamma$ an arithmetic lattice.
Hattori, Leuzinger and Ji-MacPherson proved that $\cone(M)$ is a metric
cone over the quotient by $\Gamma$
of the spherical Tits building $\Delta_{\Q}(G)$
associated to $G_{\Q}$.  Here the metric on the cone on a maximal simplex of
$\Delta_{\Q}(G)$ makes it isometric to the standard (Euclidean) metric
on a Weyl chamber in $G/K$.  In particular they deduce:
$$\Qrank(\Gamma)=\dim(\cone(\Gamma\backslash G/K))$$

Our first result is a determination of the metric space
$\cone(\M(S))$.  The role of the
rational Tits building will be played by the {\em complex of curves} $\CC(S)$
on $S$.  Recall that, except for some sporadic cases discussed below,
the complex $\CC(S)$ is defined to be the simplicial complex whose
vertices are (isotopy classes of) simple closed curves on $S$, and whose
$k$-simplices are $(k+1)$-tuples of distinct isotopy classes which can
be realized simultaneously as disjoint curves on $S$.  Note that
$\CC(S)$ is a $d$-dimensional simplicial complex, where $d=3g-4+n$.  While $\CC(S)$ is
locally infinite, its quotient by the natural action of $\Mod(S)$ is a
{\em finite orbicomplex}, by which we mean the quotient of a finite simplicial
complex by the action of a finite group.   The quotient can be made a simplicial complex by looking at the action on the barycentric subdivision of $\CC(S)$.

We now build a metric space which will serve as a coarse metric model
for $\M(S)$.  Let $\widetilde{\V}(S)$ denote the topological cone
$$\widetilde{\V}(S):=
\frac{\displaystyle [0,\infty)\times \CC(S)}{\displaystyle
\{0\}\times \CC(S)}$$
For each maximal simplex $\sigma$ of $\CC(S)$, we will think of the cone over
$\sigma$ as an orthant with coordinates $(x_1,\ldots ,x_d)$.  We endow this orthant with the
standard $\sup$ metric:
$$d((x_1,\ldots ,x_{d}), (y_1,\ldots,y_d)):=\frac{1}{2}
\max_{1 \leq i \leq d}|x_i-y_i|$$

The factor of $\frac{1}{2}$ is designed to be consistent with the definition of the Teichm\"{u}ller metric.

The metrics on the cones on any two such maximal simplices clearly agrees
on (the cone on) any common face.  We can thus endow $\widetilde{\V}(S)$
with the corresponding path metric.  Note that the natural action of
$\Mod(S)$ on $\widetilde{\V}(S)$ induces an isometric action of $\Mod(S)$ on
$\widetilde{\V}(S)$.  The quotient
$$\V(S):=\widetilde{\V}(S)/\Mod(S)$$
thus inherits a well-defined metric.  The example $\V(S_{1,2})$ is
described in Figure \ref{figure:t12}.  To endow $\V(S)$ with
the structure of a simplicial complex instead of an orbicomplex, we can simply replace
$\CC(S)$ with its barycentric subdivision in the construction above.

Our first result is that $\V(S)$ provides a simple and reasonably
accurate geometric model for $\M(S)$.

\begin{theorem}
\label{theorem:model}
There is a continuous map $\Psi:\V(S)\to \M(S)$ which is a
{\em $(1,D)$-quasi-isometry}; that is, there is a constant $D=D(S)\geq 0$ such
that :
\begin{itemize}
\item $|d_{\V(S)}(x,y)-d_{\M(S)}(\Psi(x),\Psi(y))|\leq D$
for each $x,y\in \V(S)$, and
\item The $D$-neighborhood of $\Psi(\V(S))$ in
$\M(S)$ is all of $\M(S)$.
\end{itemize}
\end{theorem}

The main ingredient in our proof of Theorem \ref{theorem:model} is a
theorem of Minsky \cite{Mi}, which determines up to an additive factor
the Teichm\"{u}ller metric near infinity in $\Teich(S)$.

\begin{figure}
\label{figure:t12}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics{newsectors}
\end{center}
\caption{The metric space $\V(S_{1,2})$.  The fundametal domain for the
action of $\Mod(S)$ on $\CC(S)$ is the union of two edges, one
corresponding to a separating/nonseparating pair of curves, the other to
a nonseparating/nonseparating pair.  Note that the latter edge has an
order two symmetry, corresponding to the mapping class which switches
the curves.  Thus $\V(S)$ is the union of a Euclidean
quadrant and a quotient of a Euclidean quadrant by a reflection along
the $y=x$ ray.}
\end{figure}

It is clear that Theorem \ref{theorem:model} implies that
$\cone(\M(S))=\cone(\V(S))$.   Further, it is clear that multiplying the given metric on
$\V(S)$ by any fixed constant gives a metric space which is isometric (via the dilatation)
to the original metric.  In particular, $\cone(\V(S))$ is isometric to $\V(S)$ itself.
We thus deduce the following.

\begin{corollary}
\label{corollary:faraway}
$\cone(\M(S))$ is isometric to $\V(S)$.
\end{corollary}

Using different methods,
Leuzinger \cite{Le} has independently proven that $\V(S)$ is
bilipschitz homeomorphic to $\cone(\M(S))$.  His methods do not seem to yield the isometry type of
$\cone(\M(S))$.

\begin{remarks}
\begin{enumerate}

\item Corollary \ref{corollary:faraway} has applications to metrics of
positive scalar curvature.  Namely, it is a key ingredient in the proof
by Weinberger and the first author that, while $\M(S)$ admits a metric
of positive scalar curvature for most $S$ (e.g. when $\genus(S)>2$), it
admits no metric with the same quasi-isometry type as the
Teichm\"{u}ller metric on $\M(S)$.  See \cite{FW}.

\item For locally symmetric $M$, we know that $\cone(M)$ is
nonpositively curved in the ${\rm CAT}(0)$ sense.  In contrast,
$\V(S)$ strongly exhibits aspects of {\em positive} curvature, since
even within the cone on a single simplex, any
two points $x,y\in \V(S)$ have whole families of distinct geodesics
between them, and these geodesics get arbitrarily far apart as
$d(x,y)\to\infty$.  This is a basic property of the $\sup$ metric on a quadrant.

\item Corollary \ref{corollary:faraway} implies that any metric on $\M(S)$
quasi-isometric to the Teichm\"{u}ller metric must have a cone which is bilipshitz homeomorphic
to $\V(S)$.   This in particular applies to McMullen's $1/\ell$ metric.
\end{enumerate}
\end{remarks}

\section{The proof of Theorem \ref{theorem:model}}

\subsection{Defining the map $\Psi$}

We will define a map $\tilde{\Psi}:\widetilde{\V}(S)\to\Teich(S)$ and
will prove that it is $\Mod(S)$-equivariant, and so descends to a map
$\Psi:\V(S)\to\M(S)$.  Let $d=3g-3+n$.

The Collar Lemma in hyperbolic geometry gives that, for a fixed
topological type of surface $S$, there exists a constant
$\epsilon_0=\epsilon_0(S)$ with the following property: For any hyperbolic
surface $X$ homeomorphic to $S$, and any two simple closed curves
$\alpha,\beta$ on $X$, if $\ell_X(\alpha)<\epsilon_0$ and
$\ell_X(\beta)<\epsilon_0$ then $\alpha$ and $\beta$ can be realized
disjointly.

Fix a maximal simplex $\sigma$ of
$\CC(S)$.  Say $\sigma$ represents the maximal collection of
disjoint simple closed
curves $\{\alpha_1,\ldots ,\alpha_{d}\}$.  This choice of
curves determines a set of {\em Fenchel-Nielsen coordinates} on
$\Teich(S)$, where a point $X\in\Teich(S)$ is given by
coordinates as follows:

$$X\mapsto (\ell_X(\alpha_1),\ldots
,\ell_X(\alpha_d),\theta_1(X),\ldots,\theta_d(X))$$
where $\ell_X(\alpha_i)$ is the length of $\alpha_i$ with respect
to the hyperbolic metric on $X$, and where the $\theta_j$ are the
so-called ``twist coordinates''.   Following Minsky \cite{Mi}, we note that changing coordinates to
$$X\mapsto (\theta_1(X),1/\ell_X(\alpha_1),\ldots , \theta_d(X),1/\ell_X(\alpha_d))$$
gives a coordinate system which we can think of as coordinates in a product of hyperbolic planes.

We will think of the cone on $\sigma$,
as a subspace of $\widetilde{\V}(S)$, as an octant in
$\R^{3g-3}$ with coordinates $x_1,\ldots ,x_{3g-3}$, endowed with the
$\sup$ metric.

We now define the map
$\widetilde{\Psi}:\widetilde{\V}(S)\to\Teich(S)$ restricted to
the simplex $\sigma$ to be:

$$\widetilde{\Psi}(x_1,\ldots ,x_d)=(\epsilon_0e^{-x_1},\ldots ,\epsilon_0e^{-x_d},0,\ldots ,0)$$
where $\Teich(S)$ is endowed with Fenchel-Nielsen coordinates.  Under the change of coordinates
as above, this becomes

$$\widetilde{\Psi}(x_1,\ldots ,x_d)=(0,e^{x_1}/\epsilon_0,\ldots ,0,e^{x_d}/\epsilon_0)\in(\hyp^2)^d$$
We give $\hyp^2$ the metric $ds^2=\frac{1}{4}(dx^2+dy^2)/y^2$, and endow $(\hyp^2)^d$ with
the $\sup$ metric.  It is then immediate that the map $\widetilde{\Psi}$ is an isometry from the $\sup$ metric on each cone as above and this metric.  Note that the factor of $\frac{1}{4}$ leads to a factor of
$\frac{1}{2}$ in the distance, and is consistent with the factor of $\frac{1}{2}$ in the metric on the
Euclidean octant.

\bigskip
\noindent
{\bf $\widetilde{\Psi}$ is well-defined: }We need to prove that
$\widetilde{\Psi}$ restricted to (the cone over) any two simplices
$\sigma_1,\sigma_2$ agrees on (the cone over) $\sigma_1\cap\sigma_2$. To see this, note that
on each of $\sigma_1$ and $\sigma_2$, the coordinates are Fenchel-Nielsen coordinates, consisting of curves in $\sigma_1\cap \sigma_2$ together with complimentary curves.  On the complimentary curves,
the corresponding $x_i$ are $0$, and $\widetilde{\Psi}$ takes the value $1/\epsilon_0$.  On
$\sigma_1\cap\sigma_2$, the value of $\widetilde{\Psi}$ restricted to $\sigma_1$ agrees with the value restricted to $\sigma_2$ because it is a function of the Fenchel-Nielsen coordinates, which agree.

\bigskip
\noindent
{\bf $\widetilde{\Psi}$ is $\Mod(S)$-equivariant: }An orbit type in
$\V(S)$ is precisely the cone on an orbit type in $\CC(S)$.  A maximal
simplex in an orbit type is a topological type of a pair of pants
in $S$. On the other hand the quotient of Fenchel-Nielsen
coordinates from $\Teich(S)$ to $\M(S)$ in a single
coordinate patch corresponding to a pants
decomposition is given by the topological type of a pants
decomposition on $S$.  The claim follows.

\bigskip
From $\Mod(S)$-equivariance it follows that $\widetilde{\Psi}$
descends to a well-defined map
$$\Psi:\V(S)\to\M(S)$$.

\bigskip
\noindent
{\bf $\Psi$ is continuous: }Since the restriction of $\widetilde{\Psi}$ to a
single closed simplex is given explicitly in
coordinates by continuous functions, this restriction is
continuous.  As $\widetilde{\Psi}$ agrees on the common boundaries of these
closed simplices, $\widetilde{\Psi}$ is continuous.  As $\Mod(S)$
acts by homeomorphisms on both $\widetilde{\V(S)}$ and on
$\Teich(S)$, the continuous map $\widetilde{\Psi}$ descends to a
continuous map $\Psi:\V(S)\to\M(S)$.

\newpar {\bf A technical remark. }The action of $\Mod(S)$ on $\CC(S)$
induces an action of $\Mod(S)$ on the
barycentric subdivision $\CC'(S)$.  This action has the property that
for any $\phi\in\Mod(S)$, any $\phi$-invariant simplex must be pointwise
fixed.  As a consequence, the quotient space $\CC'(S)/\Mod(S)$ has a
simplicial structure so that the natural quotient map is simplicial.

\subsection{Properties of $\Psi$}

\bigskip
\noindent
{\bf $\Psi$ is almost onto: }By a theorem of Bers, there is a constant $C=C(g)$ such that every
$X\in\M(S)$ has a pants decomposition corresponding to a maximal simplex $\sigma$ such that  every curve of $\sigma$
has length at most $C$ on $X$.  With respect to these pants curves,
each of the twist coordinates is bounded, modulo the action of
Dehn twists about the curves in $\sigma$, by $2\pi C$.  Now given $X$, we find a point of $\Psi(\V(S))$
whose corresponding simplex has the topological type of $\sigma$.
For each curve $\alpha$ in $\sigma$ whose length is at most $\epsilon_0$, we choose the corresponding Fenchel-Nielsen coordinate of a point in $\Psi(\V(S))$ to be $\ell_X(\alpha)$.  For each curve $\beta$
in $\sigma$ whose length is between $\epsilon_0$ and $C$, we choose the corresponding Fenchel-Nielsen coordinate of a point of $\Psi(\V(S))$ to be $\epsilon_0$.  In this way we have chosen all the coordinates which determine a point $Z$ in $\Psi(\V(S))$. Since $X$ and $Z$ have bounded ratios
of hyperbolic lengths and bounded differences in twist coordinates, the Teichm\"{u}ller distance from $X$ to that point is therefore bounded by some constant $D=D(g)$.

\bigskip
\noindent
{\bf $\Psi$ is an almost isometry: }  Suppose that $X_i\in\Psi(\sigma_i), i=1,2$ and that $\sigma_1\cap\sigma_2$ is a collection of curves reindexed to be $\{\alpha_1,\ldots, \alpha_p\}$.  It follows from the main theorem of Minsky in \cite{Mi} that there is a constant $D'$ such that
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:m1}
d_{\Teich(S)}(X_1,X_2)\geq \sup_{j=1,\ldots, p} d_{\hyp^2}((\theta_j(X_1),1/\ell_{X_1}(\alpha_j)), (\theta_j(X_2),1/\ell_{X_2}(\alpha_j)))-D'
\end{equation} and if
both $X_1,X_2$ belong to  the same simplex  $\Psi(\sigma)$ then
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:m2}
d_{\Teich(S)}(X_1,X_2)\leq \sup_{j=1,\ldots, d} d_{\hyp^2}(\widetilde{\Psi}(X_1),\widetilde{\Psi}(X_2))+D'.
\end{equation}

We need the following lemma.

\begin{lemma}[Path Lemma]
\label{lemma:path}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Any two points of $\V(S)$ can be joined by a geodesic that enters each simplex of $\V(S)$
at most once.
\item There is a constant $C'$ such that  any two points of $\Psi(\V(S))$ can be joined by a $(1,C')$ quasi-geodesic in the metric $d_{\M(S)}$ that enters each simplex of $\Psi(\V(S))$
at most once.
\end{enumerate}
\end{lemma}

A first step in proving Lemma \ref{lemma:path} is the following.

\begin{lemma}
\label{lemma:path2}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Suppose $x,y$ lie in the same  simplex $\Delta$ of $\V(S)$.
Then there is a geodesic joining $x$ and $y$ that stays in $\Delta$.
\item There is a constant $C''$ such that if  $\Psi(x),\Psi(y)$ lie in the same  simplex $\Psi(\Delta)$ of $\M(S)$.
then there is a $(1,C'')$ quasi-geodesic $\rho(x,y)$ in the metric $d_{\M(S)}$ joining $\Psi(x)$ and $\Psi(y)$ that stays in $\Psi(\Delta)$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{lemma}

\begin{proof}[of Lemma \ref{lemma:path2}]
We prove the first statement.  Lift to $\widetilde{\V}(S)$ and consider again $x,y$ with the same names and  whose coordinates are $(x_1,\ldots, x_d), (y_1,\ldots, y_d)$.  Suppose $\Delta$ is defined by the curves $\gamma_1,\ldots,\gamma_d$ of a pants decomposition.  Without loss of generality assume that
$d_{\Delta}(x,y)=\frac{1}{2}(y_1-x_1)$.
We must show that, for every $\phi\in\Mod(S)$, there is no shorter path
$\rho$ in $\widetilde{\V}(S)$ from $\phi(x)$ to
$y$.

Suppose first that $\gamma_1$ is not a vertex in the simplex $\phi(\Delta)$.
Then the path from $x$ to $y$ for a last time must enter a simplex for which $\gamma_1$ is a vertex at a point $z$. At $z$ the coordinate corresponding to $\gamma_1$ is $0$, and thus $d_{\V(S)}(y,z)\geq
y_1/2$.
Thus we may
assume that the path $\rho$ joining $\phi(x)$ to $y$ lies completely
in simplices for which $\gamma_1$ is a vertex. Break up this
path into segments
$\rho=\rho_1*\rho_2*\ldots *\rho_N$, where each $\rho_i$ lies in a single
simplex. Let $z_1^i$ (resp. $z_1^{i+1}$) be the coordinate of  $\gamma_1$ at the
beginning  (resp. end) of $\rho_i$, where $z_1^1=x_1$ and $z_1^{N+1}=y_1$.
Then $|\rho_i|\geq \frac{1}{2}|z_1^{i+1}-z_1^i|$.
Thus $$|\rho|=\sum |\rho_i|\geq \sum\frac{1}{2} |z_1^{i+1}-z_1^i|\geq \frac{1}{2}(y_1-x_1)=d_{\widetilde{V}(S)}(x,y).$$  We conclude that a shortest path can be found by a geodesic that lies entirely in $\Delta$

We prove the second statement.  Assume, without loss of generality, that the distance in the $\sup$ of hyperbolic metrics is given by $\log(\ell_y(\gamma_1)/\ell_x(\gamma_1))$.  Using (\ref{eq:m2}) choose a $(1,D')$ quasi-geodesic $\rho(x,y)$ joining  lifts $\widetilde{\Psi}(x)$ and $\widetilde{\Psi}(y)$ that lies entirely in  $\widetilde{\Psi}(\Delta)$.  Now let  $\phi$ a mapping class group element.  The first conclusion is that if $\gamma_1$ is not a vertex of $\phi(\Delta)$ then  again, any path $\rho$ from $\Psi(\phi(x))$ to $\Psi(y)$ must enter a simplex for which $\gamma_1$ is a vertex at a last time.  By (\ref{eq:m1}) we then have $$|\rho|\geq  \log(\ell_y(\gamma_1)/\ell_x(\gamma_1))-D'\geq |\rho(x,y)|-2D'.$$

Thus again we can assume $\rho$ lies completely in simplices for which $\gamma_1$ is a vertex.
But now the conclusion again follows from (\ref{eq:m1}).

\end{proof}

\begin{proof}[of Lemma \ref{lemma:path}]
Suppose $x\in\Delta_1$ and $y\in\Delta_2$.  If $y\in\Delta_1$ then we are done by
Lemma \ref{lemma:path2}.  Thus we can assume that $y\notin
\Delta_1$. Suppose $\rho$ is a geodesic from $x$ to $y$.   Suppose $\rho$
leaves $\Delta_1$ and returns to it for a last time at some $z\in \Delta_1\cap\Delta_3$ for some simplex $\Delta_3$.
Then by the first part of Lemma \ref{lemma:path2} we can replace $\rho$ by a geodesic  that stays in
$\Delta_1$ from $x$ to $z$ and then follows $\rho$ from $z$ to
$y$ never returning to $\Delta_1$. We now find
the last point $w$ that lies in $\Delta_3$ and replace
a segment of $\rho$ with one that stays in $\Delta_3$ and never
returns again to $\Delta_3$.
Since there are only a finite number of simplices in $\widetilde{\V}(S)/\Mod(S)$ we are done.  This proves the first statement.

The proof of the second statement is similar where we now use the second part of  Lemma \ref{lemma:path2}.
\end{proof}

We now continue with the final step in the proof of Theorem \ref{theorem:model}, that the map $\Psi$ is an almost isometry.
We first prove that  $$d_{\M(S)}(\Psi(x),\Psi(y))\leq d_{\V(S)}(x,y)+D$$ for some constant $D$.  To prove this, consider a geodesic path $\gamma\subset\V(S)$ connecting $x$ to $y$.  By the first statment of Lemma \ref{lemma:path}, there exists $c=c(S)$ so that
$\gamma$ can be written as a concatenation $\gamma=\gamma_1\ast\cdots\ast\gamma_c$ with
each $\gamma_i$ in the cone on some simplex $\Delta_i$ of $\V(S)$.  By (\ref{eq:m2}) there exists $D'\geq 0$ so that each $\Psi(\gamma_i)$ is a $(1,D')$-quasigeodesic in the metric $d_{\M(S)}$.   It follows
that $\Psi(\gamma)$ is a $(1,cD')$-quasigeodesic.

The proof of the opposite inequality
$$d_{\V(S)}(x,y)\leq d_{\M(S)}(\Psi(x),\Psi(y))+D$$ uses the second conclusion  of Lemma \ref{lemma:path}.  Any two points can be joined by $(1,C')$ quasi-geodesic in the metric $d_{\M(S)}$ and which intersects a fixed number of simplices.  We now apply (\ref{eq:m2}) to conclude that $d_{\V(S)}(x,y)$ is only larger by an additive constant.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv