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Newsletter list
Extension of Probabilistic Mental Models
Mike Doherty
Gigerenzer and his colleagues have raised a fundamental issue about vicarious functioning, viz., whether the mechanism is cue integration or cue substitution.
The mechanism of cue integration is assumed implicitly in the use of regression models and often made explicitly, as well, in discussing judgment behavior. The assumption that it is cue substitution is explicit in the family of PMM models.
Below is the abstract of a paper (Slegers, Brake & Doherty, "Probabilistic Mental Models with Continuous Predictors") just accepted by OBHDP.
Gigerenzer and his colleagues have sought to develop psychologically plausible models of human judgment. Their models are classified as ones of bounded rationality based on a principle of one-reason decision making. The models associated with the theory of Probabilistic Mental Models (PMM) have been developed for tasks in which all predictors are binary.
This paper extends PMM to the case of continuous predictors. The current model employs the limitation on the number of categories people use in making absolute judgments along a single perceptual dimension (7 � 2, Miller, 1956). The algorithm transforms each continuous predictor to be consistent with this limitation, then implements a step-down one-reason decision procedure similar to previous PMM models.
Like previous PMM models, the 7 � 2 model predicts binary judgments as well as a multiple regression model. However, the model does not successfully predict the probability judgments of individual participants, which is also true of other models in the literature.
Contact Mike Doherty


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Gortnahoe & Glengoole - Killenaule - Kenrick Collection Glass Plates c1900
Restrictions easing on Monday next, May 18
Restrictions to prevent the spread of Covid-19 are due to be eased somewhat on Monday next, May 18, and we found this pictorial illustration published in the Dail Mail on Saturday, May 16, one of the easiest and simplified to understand. In the meantime, wherever you are – Stay Safe!
The Emerald Chinese Takeaway Opening Hours
The Emerald Chinese Takeaway on The Square, Fethard, has reopened since May 2, and is accepting orders by phone for collection or delivery, Tel: (052) 6132914 or 087 3619666. Due to the Covid-19 situation opening hours have changed temporarily as listed below, and will remain until further notice. Menu available on Facebook Page
Mon, Wed, Thur, Fri & Sat – 4pm to 10pm
Sundays – 3pm to 10pm
Tuesdays – Closed
Orders for collection, please ring (052) 6132914 or 087 3619666 when you are outside and our staff will bring your food out to you. Many thanks for your cooperartion. Please stay safe and well during this dificult time, and most of all, enjoy your food.
Augustinian Abbey opens for Private Prayer on May 18
Fethard Augustinian Abbey will also open for Private Prayer on Monday next, May 18. The church will open daily from 10am to 4pm to facilitate those wishing to visit the Abbey for private prayer.
Fethard Parish Church opens on Monday next, May 18
Holy Trinity Parish Church, Fethard, will open its doors for personal visitation from next Monday, May 18, on a daily basis from 11am to 3pm. In accordance with our Health Service recommendations, social distancing and hand hygiene will be implemented inside the Church, which is all so important to help slow the spread of coronavirus.
Entry and exit from Side Doors only
The side door on the left-hand side of the church as you approach from Main Street will be used as the main Entrance only. Visitors will then exit from the opposite side entrance as you leave the church, which will be used for Exit only.
We look forward to opening our doors to the public again and thank all who have continued to participate in our online daily Mass Service broadcast at www.parishchurch.net
Fethard food company sold to leading UK group
TippFm News by Pat Murphy - May 12, 2020
A Tipperary food company has been sold to a leading UK group. Fethard-based pork processor, M&M Walshe Holdings, has been purchased by the Eight Fifty Food Group. The Walshe family have been involved with M&M Walshe since the business was founded in 1981 – they will remain involved once the deal is complete.
They have three sites – RibWorld in Fethard, Callan Bacon in Kilkenny and Stirchley Bacon in Redditch in the UK where they produce gammon, bacon and sous-vide meat. With sales of over 100 million per year M&M Walshe employs around 550 people in all.
The acquisition will mean the Eight Fifty Food Group will have sales of around 1.6 billion Euro and employ more than 7,500 people across 19 sites in the UK and Ireland. The Eight Fifty Food Group was created from the merger of UK-based pork processor Karro and the Youngs Seafood brand. The deal is subject to approval from the Irish Competition and Consumer Protection Commission.
Slievenamon Golf Club preparing to reopen on May 18
TippFm News by Jamie O'Flaherty - May 12, 2020
The green-keeping staff at Slievenamon Golf Club have been working flat out to ensure that the course is in top condition for when it re-opens on Monday, May 18. President of the club Brian Powell told Tipp FM that course staff haven't had a day off since they closed to the public in March.
He says the course is in supreme condition: "Our maintenance crew, under Paul Kenny our head greenskeeper, and Michael Walsh, have been working flat out all of the time that we've been closed. They haven't had a day off in fact since we closed the club on March 17 or 18. The guys have been working every day since. The course is in superb condition and golfers are going to love it."
The death has occurred on Friday, May 8, 2020, of Joan Dooley (née Fergus), 'Beaufort', Newtown, Cahir, and formerly Cashel Road, Fethard, peacefully at home.
Joan, much loved wife of the late Garrett, is the cherished mother of Adrian, Caroline, Suzanna and mother-in-law of Corina, Olivier and Ivan. She is sadly missed by her grandchildren Stephen, Tilly, Evan, Lauren, Louis, Alice and Killian; brother Brendan (Derbyshire), sisters Helen (Monaghan) and Ronnie (New York), extended family, relatives and dear friends. 'May the sun shine warm upon your face until we meet again.'
Due to current government restrictions a private family funeral will take place on Monday, May 11, in the Church of Our Lady Queen, New Inn, at 11am. If you would like to leave a message of condolence online for the family please CLICK HERE.
Virtual trip to Fethard!
Tommy Healy's two granddaughters waiting for Sunday Mass to begin its online broadcast from Fethard Holy Trinity Parish Church.
This photo was sent supplied by Tommy Healy, formerly from The Green, taken of his two granddaughters waiting for Sunday Mass to begin online from Fethard Holy Trinity Parish Church. Both children live with their family in Newton Ferrers, 12 miles east of Plymouth, England, where they are in isolation during the pandemic. They were very thankful to see the morning Mass broadcast from Fethard and the chance to see the church they were both baptised in, when their mother Kathleen (Tommy's daughter), brought them home to Fethard for the occasion after they were born. Best wishes to all the Healys in Plymouth.
Sunday and daily morning Mass from Fetard Parish Church can be watched live, or be replayed, by visiting www.parishchurch.net
'Thank You' from Scotland
Good morning, I just wanted to send a huge thank you for the excellent live stream from Fethard church. Several of my family used it this morning (Thursday, May 7) to watch our Aunt's funeral, and it was massively appreciated to be able to feel connected to the service at such a difficult time.
Please keep up the good work, it's things like this that are making the pandemic a little easier for us all. Best wishes, Sammy Wilson, Edinburgh, Scotland. (Received by email on May 7, 2020)
The death has occurred on Monday, May 4, 2020, of Alison 'Ali' Dowling (née Noonan), Kilnockin View, Fethard. Alison (Ali) is deeply regretted by her loving husband Paul, son Daniel, her father Mike, brothers Michael and Matthew, sister Diane and all extended family and friends. May she rest in peace.
Alison's Funeral is private in accordance with HSE and Government guidelines regarding public gatherings. The Funeral Service may be viewed online on Thursday morning, May 7, by going to parishchurch.net at 11am. Messages for Alison's family can also be left on the online Condolences book by CLICKING HERE.
New welcome addition to our Car Parks
In recent days people using the town's bottle banks will notice a colourful addition to the line-up that will accept your unwanted clothes, including sheets, shoe pairs, blankets, underwear and curtains. Please also note that NO duvets, pillows, carpets, toys, soiled or wet items are accepted. This new venture is in partnership with the Green School's programme in 2020 to promote active recycling and reuse programmes in participating schools nationwide and proudly supports Tipperary County Council's, 'Sowing The Seeds of Sustainability' project.
Clothespod.ie is a Guaranteed Irish Company that's been in business promoting and actioning the reuse and re-ware of used clothing since 1992. They are fully permitted and insured to work in partnership with Local Authorities and Licensed Waste/Management Companies throughout the country to ensure that all your unwanted clothing and textiles can be collected in a convenient and efficient manner and that the items collected are recycled and repurposed professionally and correctly. Each Clothes Pod site is maintained efficiently and are serviced on a regular and professional basis.
As well as collecting from our distributed Pods, Clothespod also aims to support local communities by purchasing clothing from local clubs, charity shops and from school fundraising events. As the Number One Collectors and Exporters of second-hand clothing in Ireland we really wanted to collaborate with a nationally recognised project, which is why we are excited to partner with the green school's programme in 2020. As part of our mission we want to promote active recycling and reuse programmes in participating schools nationwide.
We believe the following photographs were taken at a Legion of Mary 'Peregrinatio Conference' held at 8pm in the Convent Hall, Fethard, on Friday, April 14, 1972.
The various groups and individuals appear to be Legion members from various parishes, photographed afterwards socialising in the Convent Hall. Any further information, corrections or names would be greatly appreciated.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This auction is for a six-bale single dump hay trailer. It is approximately 34 ft in length. It was built by the Guthrie HS ag mechanics students. The minimum bid for this trailer is $5,000.
I understand that this trailer will be sold in AS IS condition.
I understand that the trailer must be paid in full before the transfer of the trailer will occur.


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Q: Visual Studio 2015 CTP - Javascript support missing I had Visual Studio 2015 CTP 4 installed and now CTP6 - In both cases it was missing Javascript support.

*

*Not showing syntax highlighting for .js file

*Intellisense  not working for .js files
Also when i go to tools/options/Text Editor - Javascript language section is missing. See  image and its comparison with VS2013.
Image At: https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/getfile/615484

A: I know this is a little late but this fixed the issue for me. https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/sqlserver/en-US/f3693b97-7fb1-4b9a-9953-1970b767a407/visual-studio-2015-ctp-javascript-support-missing?forum=visualstudiogeneral

A: To expand on what @user3810312 said...

*

*If you installed to another drive, copy your C:\Program Files (x86)\Visual Studio 14.0 folder on top of your install.

*Open the Visual Studio Command prompt as an administrator (right-click run as Administrator)

*Navigate to the directory where VS 2015 is installed

*Run devenv /setup

*Run devenv.exe /InstallVSTemplates
I had Intellisense the next time I booted up Visual Studio 2015. Worked like a charm.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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"celebrating the landscapes of the British Isles through photography"
Galleries and Print Shop
Heritage Coasts (England and Wales)
There are 43 designated Heritage Coasts in England and Wales. The "heritage coast" scheme was initiated to protect the coastline of special scenic and environmental value from undesirable development. Much of the designated coastline is owned by the National Trust, through its Project Neptune appeal.
Some 31% of the coast in England and 42% in Wales is protected under the heritage coast scheme. Many of these coasts are part of larger National Parks or Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and the protected area extends inland for an average of 1 1/2 miles.
Flimston Bay - Pembrokeshire
The quiet backwaters of Flimston Bay occupy an attractive little corner of the Castlemartin Firing Range and one that is perhaps less visited than it should to be. The area is so full of geological phenomena that the name Flimston features prominently in every geographer's textbooks and study files and is a 'must do' among the student tickboxes.
National Parkseascapebayseacliffsrock formationswavescoastalcoastlineHeritage Coast
From Pembrokeshire and Ceredigion
© Derek Fogg 2007-2021 - All Rights Reserved.


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Home Christian News Pastor Jailed in Sudan for Prayer Meeting To Heal Mother
Pastor Jailed in Sudan for Prayer Meeting To Heal Mother
Morning Star News
TUBS, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
JUBA, South Sudan (Morning Star News) – Authorities in Sudan on Nov. 21 arrested and jailed a church leader on charges of "witchcraft" for leading a prayer meeting for his ailing mother, sources said.
Pastor Abdalla Haron Sulieman was leading a prayer meeting for his mother, who suffered from an infection in her legs that kept her from walking, when authorities in El Hasahisa town, Al Jazirah state walked into the Sudan Presbyterian Evangelical Church church site, area sources said.
His mother, 60-year-old Aisha Adam, was healed after he prayed for her, and others from the predominantly Muslim area began crowding in for healing. The meeting angered Muslim extremists who persuaded police to arrest the pastor on charges of claiming to be a witchdoctor (Case No. 6737/2022 under the Sudan Criminal Code of 1991.)
"This is a serious violation against Christians in Sudan," said evangelist Francis Ismail, who visited the pastor on Thursday (Nov. 24).
Sudanese Christians took to social media, some demanding the pastor's immediate release, and others terming the jailing more evidence of ongoing and systematic persecution of Christians in Sudan.
"We need to continue to pray for our brother because he is jail for the sake of the gospel," said one Sudanese Christian on his Facebook page.
Following two years of advances in religious freedom in Sudan after the end of the Islamist dictatorship under Omar al-Bashir in 2019, the specter of state-sponsored persecution returned with the military coup of Oct. 25, 2021.
After Bashir was ousted from 30 years of power in April 2019, the transitional civilian-military government had managed to undo some sharia (Islamic law) provisions. It outlawed the labeling of any religious group "infidels" and thus effectively rescinded apostasy laws that made leaving Islam punishable by death.
With the Oct. 25, 2021 coup, Christians in Sudan fear the return of the most repressive and harsh aspects of Islamic law. Abdalla Hamdok, who had led a transitional government as prime minister starting in September 2019, was detained under house arrest for nearly a month before he was released and reinstated in a tenuous power-sharing agreement in November 2021.
Hamdock had been faced with rooting out longstanding corruption and an Islamist "deep state" from Bashir's regime – the same deep state that is suspected of rooting out the transitional government in the Oct. 25, 2021 coup.
Persecution of Christians by non-state actors continued before and after the coup. In Open Doors' 2022 World Watch List of the countries where it is most difficult to be a Christian, Sudan remained at No. 13, where it ranked the previous year, as attacks by non-state actors continued and religious freedom reforms at the national level were not enacted locally.
Previous articleChristian Beaten Unconscious for Refusing to Deny His Faith
Next articleVineyard Co-Founder Sues Pastors for $62 Million After Controversial Split
https://morningstarnews.org
Morning Star News is a 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation that relies solely on contributions to offer original news reports of persecuted Christians. By providing reliable news on the suffering church, Morning Star News' mission is to empower those in the free world to help and to encourage persecuted Christians that they are not forgotten or alone.


Unibet have a Bet £20 Get £40 welcome bundle offer for new customers after they tried it during the recent world cup.
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You'll also receive a £20 Bonus to use in the Unibet casino.
New customers only. Minimum deposit £10.
Free bets credited, regardless of first bet outcome (win/loss), once £20+ qualifying sportsbook bet has been placed.
Free bet available for use on any market. Selection must have minimum odds of 1.4. Horse racing is excluded from offer. Cashed out bets will cancel the offer.
First qualifying bet only. Free bet offer will expire after 30 days. £20 Casino bonus credited next working day from first deposit and has 35x wagering requirement.
18+. UKresidents only. T&Cs Apply.
Unibet have developed one of the most popular sports betting brands in Europe. You can Sign up today through FREEbets.org.uk and you can get your hands on your world cup bonus. Unibet are well established and well-known amongst the betting industry for their variety of sports markets and specialising in Betting-In-Play, in particular in sports such as Tennis and Football.
Any bonus issued by Unibet, including the Bet £20 get £40 bonus is very easy to use. The money goes into your account and you can stake it how you wish. Selecting the odds or the name of the selection in a betting market will send that selection to your bet slip. At the point where you need to enter a stake amount, you can use any free bet cash you have.
Bear in mind that your free bet stake is not included in any winnings but you have a wide variety of sports to bet on from the most popular such as football and tennis to the more obscure or foreign such as American football, basketball or Australian Rules football. It's entirely up to you where and how you use your bonus.
Unibet offers sports betting for all of the popular sports and always guarantees punters the best possible level of value. Using the website to place your bets is very simple and getting signed up takes no time at all. Rest assured that the company protects all of your delicate information with software which is checked by third parties.
Customers who stake £10 or more on an accumulator before the matches begin with four teams or more will be credited with £5 in the form of a free bet. This promotion replaces Acca Rush which paid an extra 25% on all winning five folds on matches in the Premier League. Existing players can take advantage of this free bet every week. There is an opt-in procedure and the multiple must be placed up to the end of Sunday of any week and the free bet will be credited over the next 3 days. If one selection is void then the free bet is withdrawn because the qualifying bet then becomes a treble and the chances of a customer earning the free bet are increased.
The qualifying bet must be a one line £10 acca and systems bets do not count. The combined odds for the bet must be 3.00 (2/1) or bigger which means it can include several short-priced bankers. Cashed out bets are not valid for the promotion and in-play betting does not count. Any returns from the free bet will not include the stake. The free bet is for a modest amount but this is a weekly promotion and the odds restrictions are not stringent so customers have a good chance of getting the free bet from time to time. You could put four teams in the multiple at 1/3 at the accumulated odds are more than 2/1. Such teams are seen as bankers but they don't always win.
It can be frustrating when you have a potentially winning bet going in to the latter stages of a football match. Late goals can sometimes work in your favour but it seems that more often than not they count against the bettor. Unibet try to soften the blow by giving back stakes if a goal after 90th minute scuppers a bet. The refund is valid for correct score, half-time/full-time and first and last scorer bets for all matches in the English Premier League, Champions League and La Liga in Spain. Existing customers must place a qualifying bet and bets from £5 to £50 count. From the start of the 2017/18 season up to the beginning of May there were over 80 refunds across the three competitions and goals in injury time were scored on a regular basis.
The timing of a goal can be ambiguous so the official websites of the three leagues are the source of reference. Even if the time of a goal is changed at a later date the original time is used for bet settlement. Once the stake has been refunded no changes can be made but this condition is clearly stated in the terms. The offer is valid for singles and multiples which is a god concession but hardly likely to compensate if a late goal causes a big priced multiple to go down. The cashback is only valid for normal time so extra-time and penalties do not count. This means that goals scored during added time qualify for the refund which does help if the late goal costs a winning bet but is inadequate because the frustration will still exist.
Unibet help is provided in a variety of different ways which are designed to get you the right solution quickly. There is a lot of stored information across the site in the form of frequently asked questions which will address common issues. Reading through this section first is the best possible way to stop yourself from wasting time.
If you can't find the information you are looking for then Unibet help is also provided via e-mail and telephone. This will allow you to get your message directly to a Unibet employee who will be able to address the issue you are having. Both methods are quick and produce efficient responses for your peace of mind.
Unibet is a traditional internet bookmaker that has been in operation since 1997. The parent company is Kindred Group plc which is regulated and based in Malta. Unibet offers odds for about 30 sports, aimed at the UK and European markets. The operator also has markets related to financials, politics, entertainment and awards. As well as the Bet £20 Get £60 welcome offer, existing customers are also offered a range of concessions.
Unibet invest heavily in sports sponsorship and partnerships across a number of sports. They set up official betting partnerships with high profile events. There latest portfolio of partnerships includes the Derby, Champions League and World Grand Prix in darts. They also have a betting relationship with Warwickshire County Cricket Club and Aston Villa Football Club. Unibet have won awards for operation, marketing and social responsibility.
Customers can deposit funds into their Unibet account using 13 currencies, including the GP pound, Euro and US dollar, even though players based in the United States are not allowed to bet. Other companies offer more banking methods and Unibet provide the usual debit card, credit card and e-Wallet options including Paypal. Unibet offers a website on PC and mobile platforms.
Betting margins with Unibet are below average and their soccer odds are particularly competitive. Ice hockey margins are higher than average but generally Unibet do not compete on betting margins but invest heavily in marketing. The minimum bet is £1 and the most that can be won on one day is £20,000 which much lower than is possible with other online bookmakers.


Whether you are storing excess inventory, business documents, personal belongings or even furniture, we have the right unit for you. All storage units are between 110 and 130 sq ft, with approximate dimensions of 10' x 11'. For an idea of what they might hold, please see below chart. If you would like to come in person to take a look, we'd be delighted to show you around!
Kitchen appliances, washer/dryer, patio furniture, couch, some house furniture and many boxes. Suitable for a 1-2 bedroom apartment.
Find us on Canada 411!


Investors who are interested in diversifying their investment portfolio should delve into the world of factor-based investment strategies and related ETFs.
On the recent webcast, Smart Beta Explained: What You Need to Know for 2019, Ryan Wellman, Product Manager at John Hancock Investments, highlighted the growing demand for smart beta or factor-based strategies, with 9.4% of surveyed financial advisors solely utilizing strategic beta strategies and 54.9% incorporating a blend of strategic beta and cap-weighted beta.
As more look to smart beta strategies, investors should understand that all these fancy appellations basically cover rules-based indexing methodologies that implement factor-based screens, such as value, quality, size, momentum and volatility, among others. Investors can also combine these individual factors into a multi-factor strategy in an attempt to further diversify risk.
"Asset management has evolved to include a variety of ways for investors to gain market exposure, from the pure beta of traditional index strategies to fully active strategies that don't adhere to an index at all. While each approach has merit, investors should understand that the dispersion of potential returns beyond that of a traditional capitalization-weighted index increases as investors move toward single-factor and fully active approaches," Wellman said.
Historical and academic data have shown that factor investing works over time. Factors such as size, value and quality have outperformed the broader equity market over the long haul. However, potential investors should be aware that individual factors may follow cycles of outperformance and underperformance. For example, Quality was the best performing factor in 2017 but it was also one of the worst performing factors in 2016. Consequently, Wellman argued that factor diversification through a multi-factor strategy can help produce more consistent outcomes or help smooth out the ride.
To help investors better access these factor strategies to enhance returns and diminish downside risks, John Hancock Investments has partnered up with Dimensional Fund Advisors to launch a number of factor-based ETF strategies. Joe Hohn, Portfolio Manager for Dimensional Fund Advisors, outlined four major factors that help drive expected returns for their smart beta strategies, including the equity premium, small-cap premium, value premium and profitability premium.


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Lassana Diarra – From Chelsea and Real Madrid to obscurity and back
[dropcap]F[/dropcap]ootball in France has taken something of a back seat in recent days after the atrocities committed in Paris on Friday night, with midfielder Lassana Diarra just one of thousands of people directly affected by the callous acts of terrorism.
The Olympique de Marseille man's cousin was one of the victims of the cowardly attacks on the French capital, in a saddening turn of events for the 30-year-old.
On the field, Diarra's career has been one of distinct highs and lows, with the combustive box-to-box man operating at the game's pinnacle but also fading into obscurity.
It was at Chelsea that the Paris-born battler first progressed into the public eye, with the former Le Harve man rivalling more distinguished team-mates in breaking into the Blues' side.
While Diarra at that time was widely regarded as a superstar of the future, the chance to play was not always guaranteed in West London and a somewhat controversial move across the city to rivals Arsenal did not work out for the star.
Again struggling for consistent time on the pitch with the Gunners, the at-times outspoken midfielder opted to move away from the Premier League's elite in favour of regular action with Portsmouth.
Diarra has openly spoken about his decision to leave Arsenal after less than six months at the club, and accredits the decision as a key factor in igniting his career.
From the relatively modest surrounds of Fratton Park, impressive displays for Pompey saw the Frenchman coveted by plenty of big teams, with one of the world's grandest in Real Madrid securing his signature.
Over three years on the Spanish giants books, Diarra played in Clasico fixtures, was a solid member of Los Blancos' side and won a La Liga title and Copa del Rey crown.
A feature in Les Blues' side also, the midfielder had seemingly reached the game's summit after trying circumstances.
However, managerial changes and internal politics at the Estadio Santiago Bernabéu saw Diarra marginalised in 2012 and a somewhat strange move to Russian nouveau riche Anzhi Makhachkala.
He switched to Lokomotiv Moscow soon after due to the former club's financial struggles, where a fallout with manager Leonid Kuchuk left Diarra in the wilderness.
The Parisian's decision to walk out on the Russian club saw contractual disputes and an entire 12 months without competitive football for a player in his prime with Chelsea, Arsenal and Real Madrid listed as former clubs.
When he was finally released by Lokomotiv after a year without action, Diarra headed back to France to sign for a transitional Marseille side, with more stars heading out the door than arriving at the Stade Vélodrome.
The 30-year-old has deputised for the impressive Giannelli Imbula, who moved to Porto, and has quickly shown signs that he is back to his best.
Despite the south coast club losing a host of top players and Marcelo Bielsa's decision to stand down as coach, the team continues to hold its own – with Diarra a key reason.
The all-action midfielder has also played his way back into Didier Deschamps' French national squad after a five-year absence, with a real chance of inclusion next summer at Euro 2016 on home soil.
Competition for places is intense in the French boiler room, with impressive components such as Paul Pogba and Blaise Matuidi almost guaranteed a starting berth.
However, Deschamps has clearly recognised that he needs players of quality that are getting the chance to feature week-in, week-out at club level and that are excelling – all of which Diarra is currently doing.
The star's career has seemingly come full circle, with this impressive midfield star back in the limelight where he belongs.
Related TopicsLassana Diarra
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The City of San José has a single convenient point of entry for your organization to view and apply for active City of San José grant opportunities. Please pre-register your organization into the system. Once your registration has been approved, you will be able to view and apply for City grants as they become available. WebGrants will also generate email alerts on the status of each application throughout the submission cycle. We have pre-registered over 200 of the City's returning grantees into the system. If you would like to know if your agency is already in the system please contact WebGrants.
Council Grants (through the City Clerk's Office) is comprised of two grant programs: The Hewlett Packard (HP) Grant Program, which awards monies to organizations that serve the educational, recreational, or cultural needs of the residents of San José; and the Constituent Outreach Grants awarded to serve the purposes of communicating with constituents, conducting informal surveys to elicit constituent priorities, and to support special event communications.
The General Fund is a Citywide fund awarded to community-based organizations that support and supplement services provided by City Service Areas.
WIA Grants, a Work2Future program, focuses on offering a comprehensive range of workforce development services free of charge to adults and youth seeking to enhance their job-seeking skills. Services are provided at one-stop centers located in San José, Campbell, and Gilroy, California.
The purpose of the B.E.S.T. grant program is to develop and implement programs that address the needs of high-risk and gang-involved youth and their families; and to provide a coordinated continuum of prevention, intervention and suppression services. San José B.E.S.T is a triennial qualification to provide youth gang intervention services. As part of the 2013-2016 triennial qualification process, San José BEST launched redefined Eligible Services to better align with Evidenced-Based Principles of Effective Interventions established by the National Institute of Corrections. Services include cognitive development, life skills training, street outreach, substance abuse treatment, vocational services, and parent/family awareness. BEST services are associated with decreased recidivism, increased high school completion, and other pro-social outcomes.
Mayor's Gang Prevention Task Force.
The intent of the SSIG program is to provide or enhance recreational and/or educational opportunities not normally available to high-risk and gang-impacted youth during the summer months, therefore providing a safe environment for participants while keeping them active and engaged.
The Senior Health & Wellness Initiative seeks to reduce social isolation and improve the health and wellness of individuals ages 60 and up by providing a safe place for seniors to engage in quality programs that are easily accessible, at senior nutrition sites throughout San Jose. Grant funding is intended to support new programming for older adults, enhance an existing program, or restore a program with a significant record of success.


McNiel Inyani Keri is pursuing a masters in Mechanical engineering under the supervision of Dr. Hebert and Dr. Vette. As an undergraduate in the Biomedical stream in Electrical and Computer engineering, McNiel was involved in several interesting projects. He worked in the FACIA lab to design and develop hardware and software for Nano scale spectroscopy. In the Telerobotic and Biorobotic Lab, McNiel worked with a group of engineers, Medical physicists and surgeons to developed a virtual reality display for brachytherapy surgery; This tool allows surgeons to view the trajectory of a needle within a patient in real time during surgery. The work in the Telerobotic and Biorobotic Lab lead to McNiel's final year design project where he and a couple of other students implement a force feedback teleoperation scheme for percutaneous needle insertion interventions with ultrasound image guidance. The ACELab gave McNiel a chance to contribute to the development of 3DGAM, a program intended to make it easy to combine and analyze eye-tracking and motion-capture data. McNiel has also worked in the Blinc lab as a student researcher to developed a graphical interface to handle data display and manipulation of sensor data in the Instrumented Mechanical Cup project via wireless communication (Bluetooth). McNiel's industrial experience at FastTrack Technologies and Random knowledge, both of which revolve around web development, have been a tremendous asset. Working for several years at Neighbourhood brides, a human rights organization based in Edmonton, has greatly impacted McNiel's understanding of the impacts of science and technology in society. Outside of the Lab, McNiel enjoys running, fishing, swimming, tutoring math and science, volunteering, watching documentaries, listening to audio books, along with working on projects such as app development and circuit design.


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text:
Kalvholmen ist eine zu Schweden gehörende Insel im Stockholmer Schärengarten.

Die Insel gehört zur Gemeinde Vaxholm. Sie liegt südlich der Insel Tynningö. Östlich liegen die Schären Stinasgrundet und Kalvhuvudet, westlich Stora Getfoten. Südlich von Kalvholmen führt die Schiffsroute von der Ostsee nach Stockholm entlang.

Kalvholmen erstreckt sich von Nordwesten nach Südosten über etwa 500 Meter, bei einer Breite von etwa bis zu 200 Metern. Die Insel ist mit mehreren überwiegend als Sommerhäusern genutzten Gebäuden bebaut und zum Teil bewaldet. Auf der Südseite der Insel befindet sich der Schiffsanleger Kalvholmen brygga.

Weblinks
Wetterbericht für Kalvholmen (schwedisch)

Insel (Stockholms län)
Gemeinde Vaxholm
Insel im Stockholmer Schärengarten
Insel (Ostsee)
Insel (Europa)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I figured out what the most minimum number of parts I needed to solder onto the board to get the controller to run. I soldered them to the board and programmed the controller with various test code. At first I wanted to confirm the uC was running at the rate I expected, and then I would look into the replacement solution for the now missing RTC module. This testing went completely as planned and my 100Hz tick measured fairly accurate, I struggled to measure the 10Hz and 1Hz ticks due to the refesh rate on my scope, but I will test them with my logic analyzer and confirm their rates.
I then moved onto the PWM, and discovered that it wasn't working, although in the simulator it did seem to work. I will have to work on that over the next few evenings, then I can add the rest of the components to the board and characterize the regulator section, as well as implementing the feedback for regulation and current limiting, both of these have hardware low pass filters on them to make them more manageable without needing massive buffers for the box filters.


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A turnaround for oil and gas in Indonesia | Evolution
A turnaround for oil and gas in Indonesia
March 30, 2020 7 Minutes
In a rapidly shifting market environment, Indonesia's oil and gas industry needed to boost its operational efficiency. The solution involved a new approach to managing the vast inventories.
Indonesia's once robust oil and gas industry has faced serious challenges in recent years. Although the country has historically been an oil exporter and a member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, its crude output has plunged while its fuel demand has surged, making it reliant on imports of petrol and diesel. This turbulent situation has been exacerbated by the 2008 financial crisis, a global oil and gas surplus in 2014–2015, reduced demand and a drop in Indonesia's own oil reserves.
The numbers show the challenge the sector is up against. In 2004–2006, the oil and gas industry in Indonesia contributed about 41.4 billion euros (45.6 billion US dollars) to the country's economy, and at least 20 percent of state revenue, based on data from PricewaterhouseCoopers. By 2014, the oil and gas sector accounted for only 14 percent of national revenue, slipping to 4 percent in 2015 and only 3 percent in 2016, according to a report by Harvard University Professor Kenneth Rogoff for the World Economic Forum.
While these figures are concerning, both the government and the oil and gas sector have taken serious steps to turbocharge the once mighty industry. The government is planning revisions of its oil and gas laws to encourage investment by providing more regulatory certainty. The regulatory reforms are aimed at making the oil and gas sector more efficient, transparent, straightforward and sustainable, providing added value to the national economy, Indonesian President Joko Widodo told Reuters in January 2019.
Better understanding of spare parts data really enhances procurement.
Achmad Riad, head of asset management, SKK Migas
Comments Achmad Riad, head of asset management for SKK Migas, Indonesia's oil and gas regulatory agency: "The oil and gas industry remains one of the biggest contributors to state revenue, and each year it still shows the incremental investment value. The challenge is around operational efficiency, especially to better recover costs on our utilization of our oil and gas assets, since the majority of the production-sharing contracts we hold are based on the cost-recovery business model."
Towards a better procurement process
A key way for the industry to boost operational efficiency is by improving the procurement process. The sector has been grappling with a huge inventory of spare parts and a lack of capacity to better manage the inventory. SKK Migas has set out to address that by supporting the sector with a national procurement strategy for common equipment and initiatives to simplify the procurement policy and clean up material duplication.
Amongst those putting these initiatives into practice is PT Pertamina, the national energy company in Indonesia and the country's largest state-owned enterprise. Pertamina, like other Indonesian oil and gas companies, was facing a serious logistical problem. Committed to meeting the needs of its customers, Pertamina had some 800,000 items in its inventory but lacked an efficient way to manage and keep track of all those materials. Petronas Carigali Indonesia, another Ieading oil and gas company, faced a similar challenge with a lack of standardization to manage its enormous inventory – a costly problem. For both these firms, simplicity was called for, and SKF had a solution. For Satya Nugraha, senior procurement manager at Pertamina, the tool was a much-needed solution to a perplexing problem, especially since Pertamina, a Fortune 500 company, active in both the upstream and downstream sectors of the oil and gas industry, was in no position to slow down. With refineries across Indonesia, it has a one-million-barrel-per-day capacity. As a long-time supplier of bearings to PT Pertamina, SKF provided a catalogue management tool that enabled Pertamina to improve material data and review, cleanse and enrich the materials catalogue.
A view of the state-owned Pertamina offshore oil and gas production rig Mike-Mike off the coast of West Java, Indonesia.
But in its warehouse, Pertamina had a problem. Governing such a massive and complex organization was challenging, and the lack of materials management had gotten out of hand. This was frustrating as well as costly, since it tied up additional capital and made cross-fertilization and future system integration more difficult. Because of insufficient material description, Pertamina's procurement team could not provide the correct spare parts required or have a reliable base for bulk procurement. Improving procurement became a high priority for Pertamina, including having the correct material and spare parts description and codification of standards.
"This had a significant impact on high-value stock, and we found many duplicates in the item numbers, as well as insufficient information and obsolete items and broken parts," Nugraha says. "We also had difficulties tracing the exact stock needed, which also impacts the procurement process and delays efficient procurement and limits spare parts readiness. We knew that, due to inappropriate materials handling in the past, we lacked rules and standardization around item numbers."
Since the project kicked off in December 2018, some 70,000 items have been reviewed. So far, duplicate parts have been reduced by 25 percent, and Nugraha expects the project will reach its goal of reducing duplication by 35 percent and costs by 40 percent by 2021. The company now has a clear and standard buying description with oil and gas industry international codification. And it has significantly improved the potential for system integration of the supply chain on its business-to-business platform (Industry 4.0).
SKF's solution standardized and mapped the material data with Shell Material and Equipment Standards and Code methodology, created in 1932 for internal use by Shell, but later licensed to any company that wished to pay for it. Quality assurance and quality control procedures were set up, and SKF also provided comprehensive training and an implementation workshop for deploying the catalogue management tool.
For Pertamina, the decision to choose SKF was clear, as SKF had experience carrying out similar projects, including in the oil and gas industry. "This project is so important for Pertamina, and it has become a national project, with a lot of lessons learned, such as the need for organizational readiness to support the project, standardization and better ways of working," Nugraha says.
A growing priority for the sector
Pertamina was not alone in this regard. In the oil and gas industry, many companies overlook materials management as a key way to reduce spending as costs rise. Appropriate handling procedures are not well defined, and there may be unclear ownership of items in inventory. Some items may have been set up in inventory as much as a decade earlier or some inventory forgotten about when projects were completed. In a rapidly growing industry, materials management becomes even more of a priority.
That was the predicament faced by Petronas Carigali Indonesia. With headquarters in Malaysia and a production-sharing contract in Indonesia, the company was looking to do whatever it could to boost efficiency in light of declining prices for oil, and a host of technical and regulatory issues that further complicated the situation.
As Fery Sarjana, senior manager of supply chain management at Petronas Carigali Indonesia, explained, it faced a lack of standardization in its inventory management, with no established system to help catalogue items and avoid duplication. It decided to implement the SKF catalogue management tool to help establish one standard catalogue and a system that identifies duplicate, existing or new items to avoid duplicate items and increase inventory value.
"It's been really useful to identify the duplicate items, get correct specification and easily create new items," Sarjana says. "It will help us to optimize utilization of existing inventory items, thanks to identifying the duplicate items."
For Achmad Riad of SKK Migas, that was exactly the intention. "Better understanding of spare parts data really enhances procurement," he says. As of November 2019, he says, potential direct savings for Petronas through optimization of materials and savings amounted to 6.6 million euros (7.3 million US dollars).
For an industry intent on becoming stronger and more efficient, pushing against those prevailing headwinds is good news indeed.
Amy Brown
Mining and mineral processingMining, extraction of oil and gas
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The Kentuckiana Volunteer Aviators was formed in January of 2011 to serve the Kentuckiana community and beyond . The mission of the organization is to provide an opportunity for private aircraft owners to help out the community in time of need. Private aircraft can be useful for search, surveillance and emergency medical transportation when ground routes are unavailable. During our initial year, our twenty two pilots and sixteen private aircraft assisted the Kentucky State Police, Kentucky Air National Guard and the Louisville Medal of Honor convention with search, surveillance and transportation.
The pilots of KVA fly as independent volunteers who are willing to donate their time, aircraft and fuel when a true emergency exists. Most of the KVA pilots operate out of the Louisville Bowman Airport and generally will accept a mission within 100 miles of Louisville. If your agency needs air support please call one of our Pilot Volunteer Coordinators so that KVA can assist you.


The Internet is a treasure trove of possibilities for the budding business owner. If you have a new business and have a website to promote, there are certain rules of engagement to follow before you start your online marketing campaign. We talk about marketing to Internet users here because, let's face it — it IS the day and age of technology. If you have a business and you don't have an online presence, you might as well prepare to close shop anytime soon.
Here are 5 ways to improve your Internet marketing game and make sure your business stays above the fold.
Who are your customers? To whom will you offer your product or service? Who do you think will benefit from your brand? Make a draft of the personalities of your target market. You don't need to conduct deep research or hire a company to do this. Being the developer of your own business, you already have some sense of who you are building products and services for. You can start from this knowledge.
Along the way, as your business progresses, you will find the other markets that will find benefits in what you are serving. For example, if you're marketing apple cider vinegar, you're not just marketing to chefs and foodies because ACV has been found to be good for skincare and for healing a wide range of diseases, as well.
How do you define a successful business? There are different types of metrics that will objectively tell you if your business is all right or if it needs to reorganize. These include revenues, profits, expenses, and other key performance indicators for all your activities.
Now that you've added Internet marketing to the list, you should also pay attention to total unique site visits, bounce rate, audience retention rate, and more. These metrics will enable you to monitor performance, so you can create new strategies that will be targeted toward those that are not delivering high numbers.
It's okay to be thrifty but not at the expense of your business's online performance. Before you decide to cut corners on your online marketing budget, first evaluate the things that are working and are not working. Go back to your metrics and point out weak points to see if these just need restructuring or need to be let go entirely.
In short, be involved in your online marketing campaign. Make your social media accounts active not just by posting announcements regularly, but by actually engaging with your audience. Did somebody comment on your post? Talk to them online to keep the conversation going. When your target market sees that your digital presence is more than just someone who schedules posts, the more emphatic they will feel towards your brand. The more likely they are to keep patronizing you and to recommend you to their friends.
SEO is a tried and tested way of reaching your target market, even when they are not actively searching for you. When a person types a certain keyphrase into search engines, make sure that you appear among the top search results. A good SEO strategy will help you achieve this.


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Michael Erp
dogs forced to walk
10/20 By admin Uncategorized
The History Of Cbd Where Does It Come From?
Free Beginner'S Guide To Cbd
The Discovery Of Cbd
It Is Only A Matter Of Time Until States, At A Minimum Step In And Create Legislation And Engage In Enforcement
: The Role Of Cbd In Treating Autoimmune Diseases
This Professor Suffers From A Mystery Disease, So She Developed An App To Track Its Effects
How Hemp Is Making A Comeback (Hint: Cbd Has Helped A Lot)
Whether it's biotech, cryptocurrency or, in this case, CBD, seasoned investors are always looking for outsize returns in particular market sectors. With the U.S. cannabis market projected to succeed in $fifty six billion this 12 months, buyers are starting to position themselves for projected sturdy progress within the marijuana business.
The key distinction between CBD and THC is that CBD is non-psychoactive and doesn't get you high. When investing in CBD, the primary factor that should concern investors is the regulatory surroundings. There is yet to be clear steering from the FDA on how CBD firms can market their products lawfully. However, hemp-derived CBD has some federal protections, however there's little readability on the state degree. Like Martha, or influencers like Kim Kardashian-West, some firms are constructing their complete brands off of not solely the wellness element of CBD infusion but in addition the market values.
But long earlier than these extraction applied sciences existed, CBD was already helping hundreds of individuals with their circumstances. In a previous study, Bonn-Miller and colleagues analyzed cannabinoid dose and label accuracy in edible medical cannabis products and found related discrepancies. He hopes this and future studies will name attention to the influence of inconsistent hashish product labelling.
Finally, by the mid Nineties, a number of U.S. states started to legalize marijuana for medical functions. Even so, it wasn't till the 2000s when CBD actually started to take the world by storm. It was the story of Charlotte Figi, a younger lady who suffered from an extremely debilitating form of epilepsy, that basically cemented the thought of how powerfully CBD might effect people's minds. Her mother and father, desperate and at their wits' finish, had tried every little thing to help her.
With recreational marijuana use changing into increasingly extra widespread, brands are clamoring to implement a authorized form of the hashish plant into their projected reputation, and thus the products they produce. CBD being one of many hottest new developments can give them the visibility they so desire and have to succeed. For a properly-rounded definition, history uses for both health and wellness in addition to way of life, and more importantly, the way forward for CBD oil within the world market, look no additional. "I imagine the CBD market will solely proceed to grow in reputation, but that should come along with training," Cannabis Educator & Consultant Emma Chasen informed Civilized.
The want for normal taking of different durations has decreased significantly and cannabis does certainly appear to have a beneficial impact on patients. It turned out that within the interval with out the usage of cannabis a larger variety of patients underwent surgical procedure in comparison with the interval after they consumed medical cannabis on a regular basis. In latest years we now have been more and more uncovered to the term "CBD" however it nonetheless seems to be in the dead of night.
Hemp is another of those secretions, which can be used to make clothes, certain foods, and different gadgets. Hemp has been used globally for 1000's of years and has been a very long time favorite of the more different sector of American society. Often, hemp and CBD are used in combination to create the strong results that most merchandise are aiming to supply.
There is much less proof on the medicinal purposes of hemp and cannabis in the course of the middle ages, nonetheless. The finding opened the door to new studies in different medical areas, revealed during the next decade. Although these days CBDis extensively recognized within the scientific and medical communities, and by hashish customers, this has not all the time been the case.
While the obvious results of the THC everyone knows, the CBD appears to remain a thriller. More just lately the guide 'Worlds Before Our Own' by Brad Steiger exposed new facts in favor of early superior societies. Steiger found that some superior human artifacts had been situated in the lowest primordial geologic strata whereas primitive ones are in higher strata. He labeled these anachronistic objects that had been seemingly out of their correct place in time, "Out-of-Place Artifacts".
Quality is the top precedence when presenting user guides, analyzing product evaluations and reporting reality-checked information announcements. One of the largest breakthroughs for the sphere of CBDs occurred again in 1996, when the state of California turned the very first state within the USA to legalize the medicinal applications of marijuana for patients. Over the following four years, an extra seven states would observe California's example. Since then, there have been greater than 33 states, including Washington DC, that now permit the medical software of hashish. While these make a few of the breakthrough occurrences inside the hashish field.
While CBD is a new craze that is making its way to the top of a number of industrial markets, it doesn't come without critique. In reality, one of the most significant issues with CBD production is definitely the regulation of it. Now that the 2018 Farm Bill has opened the door for hemp, and thus, cannabinoid oil, to be produced and used legally, it's not stopping companies from utilizing as much as they deem necessary, in whatever merchandise they want. After much examine on THC and hemp, scientists started to review the other most prevalent element of hashish and had been impressed by what they found in CBD.
CBD can come from each hemp and marijuana, that means that not all CBD comes from just one source. CBD is found within the hashish plant's secretions and is definitely an organic substance . Since this time, studies on CBD's medicinal advantages have continued to increase, and quite a few new well being effects and potential uses for CBD oil within the therapy of main conditions have come to light. So, you see, hemp plant and particularly its compound CBD have come a long way.
Sadly, hundreds of thousands of people who might have benefited from CBD missed out, due to an pointless stigma. CBD is an abbreviation for Cannabidiol, and it's one of many energetic compounds within the hemp plant.
The Indian people got here to adopt word 'bhang' over time to plot the plant in medical phrases. An amusing fact is that Cannabis would typically be dissimulated in milk to be administered as a medication.
However, this is not to be confused with the historical past of the hashish plant itself. With the inventory market performing nicely during the last 11 years, investing in emerging markets has come into focus.
The primary reason for that is that CBD is currently classified as a Schedule I controlled harmful substance by the DEA, despite having been legalized for medicinal use in many states. Thus, many individuals wouldn't have access to stores that promote CBD products and as a substitute rely on on-line retailers to buy CBD merchandise. While there have been many people throughout history who've reaped the advantages of CBD, for hundreds of years they didn't understand exactly what was causing the helpful results. People merely knew that hemp helped them with chronic pain and different conditions. The hemp plant was first cultivated by people practically six thousand years in the past, in approximately the year 4000 BC.
As a outcome, we nonetheless have a lot to learn about how CBD oil might be used as a medicine for people – though that is fast altering. Historically, the hashish plant has been most famous for its psychoactive tetrahydrocannabinol element How much of the gummy should I start with?, which is what causes people to feel high when they smoke marijuana. This affiliation has undoubtedly slowed proper analysis into the potential advantages, risks and uses of CBD.
The interaction of the varied chemical compounds that are present within the cannabis plant produce medicinal results on human, an impact that particular person substances can't obtain alone. Under what specialists time period as the 'entourage impact' the totally different chemicals in the cannabis work collectively to provide results. From the entourage impact, consultants claim that CBD, which is derived from the cannabis, may be simpler if it can be used along with greater levels of THC and in addition blended with terpenes. Hemp refers to quite a lot of the sativa plant that is grown as a result of its industrial significance as a supply of fiber. "CBD has acquired a lot of attention within the press for its anti-inflammatory results and anxiety and pain decreasing properties,"Oregrown Co-Founder and Chief Brand Officer Chrissy Hadar advised Civilized.
After inspiring tales like Charlotte's made it into the mainstream media, the general public angle towards hashish-derived merchandise has become much more accepting and constructive. As increasingly more states move to legalize, CBD has turn into a godsend for people affected by many different ailments. Now CBD derived from low-THC hemp is legal in all 50 states, and is providing reduction for millions of people, with increasingly more discovering the benefits daily.
In recent years, there was an increased curiosity in the medicinal use of Cannabidiol , a chemical that naturally occurs the in hashish plant (aka "marijuana"). There is interest in CBD as a medicine as a result of there's some evidence that it has medical benefits, however it does not make people really feel "excessive" and there's no indication that CBD, by itself, is abused. Recent research has proven potential therapeutic results of CBD for young youngsters with uncommon seizure issues, and sufferers in states the place cannabis or CBD have been legalized report using it for a variety of health circumstances. Business experts estimate that the marketplace for CBD merchandise will grow to greater than $2 billion in consumer gross sales throughout the subsequent three years. While curiosity in this space continues to develop, little has been done to ensure regulation and oversight of the sale of products containing CBD.
Investing a portion of a portfolio in emerging markets potentially provides buyers a chance for market-beating returns. TimesofCBD is the most energetic day by day CBD information publication featuring the newest hashish industry tales and marijuana market trends. As the leader in CBD-centric content material curation, we invite all readers to come back for the headlines and keep for the insights.
Soon enough, these civilizations acknowledged the advantages of this superb plant and added it to their everyday life. Long earlier than products like CBD oil and edibles were produced, it was used as a component in tea. With time, because the people discovered the advantages of hemp plant, it was used in almost every means possible.
In one state CBD could also be utterly authorized, whereas being illegal in another. Some US States even have completely different legal guidelines if the CBD is derived from hemp oil or medical marijuana. As more governments legalise medical marijuana, extra research on human consumption of hashish, and CBD particularly, will follow. Studies into the attainable makes use of for medical marijuana and CBD specifically have already produced some promising outcomes.
In the yr 1533, while the strategies and practices that may ultimately lead to trendy drugs the place still being developed, physicians of the time first started to study the benefits of hemp in earnest. Hemp was already a very well-liked crop at the time; in fact, King Henry VIII of England really required each farmer to set aside some of their land, particularly to develop hemp. While the world had enjoyed the benefits of hemp for centuries, only now were people starting to get actually involved within the exact origin of these benefits. Nowadays, CBD is extracted from the hemp plant utilizing several different, however equally subtle strategies, a few of which make use of advanced know-how.
In 1964, it was lastly found which of the two lively compounds within the cannabis plant have been liable for which effects on the body. THC was found to be primarily answerable for the psychoactive results, whereas CBD had more effects on anxiousness and ache. Over the subsequent few many years, sporadic studies had been carried out on CBD, but as hashish was still thought-about an illegal drug, learning it was typically discouraged.
While it is a related compound to THC , CBD doesn't get you "excessive" or make you are feeling "stoned." Instead, it binds with the cannabinoid receptors in your body to achieve quite a lot of beneficial effects. CBD is usually extracted directly from the hemp plant and made into tinctures, oils, edibles, capsules, and lotions, and it may be consumed in a wide variety of the way. It is vaped, eaten, used topically, and in any case it crosses the blood-mind barrier very easily.
In latest years, there has been an elevated interest in the medicinal use of Cannabidiol , a chemical that naturally occurs the in hashish plant (aka "marijuana").
Recent analysis has shown potential therapeutic results of CBD for younger children with uncommon seizure problems, and patients in states where hashish or CBD have been legalized report utilizing it for a wide range of health conditions.
While curiosity on this space continues to grow, little has been accomplished to make sure regulation and oversight of the sale of merchandise containing CBD.
Business specialists estimate that the marketplace for CBD products will grow to more than $2 billion in shopper sales within the subsequent three years.
There is interest in CBD as a medicine because there may be some proof that it has medical advantages, nevertheless it does not make people feel "excessive" and there is no indication that CBD, by itself, is abused.
The major purpose for that is that CBD is currently categorised as a Schedule I managed harmful substance by the DEA, regardless of having been legalized for medicinal use in many states.
In future too, it may be anticipated that many new CBD merchandise will enter the market, or no less than the existing ones will be used for a lot of totally different functions. As slowly and gradually the popularity of hemp plant elevated, it reached many famend civilizations of the world.
The numerous merchandise on the market, from lotions to oils to edibles, allows CBD to cowl varied marketable fields. From meals and beverage to health and wonder, much of the CBD market dimension is thanks to the big selection of appeal of this compound. The historical past of CBD is much longer than you might suppose, starting almost 60 years in the past.
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Once the media and advertising specialists received a hold of this information, CBD began its journey in the direction of trending. Much of this has to do with the popularity in legalized marijuana, as well as the push in the direction of different methods of therapeutic. Whatever the factor, CBD nonetheless has an extended way to go now in its steady improve in popularity.
New evidence nevertheless suggests otherwise; it suggests that perhaps the daybreak of history was characterized by forgotten excessive science and technology that far exceeds fashionable man's expectations of the distant past. No one can predict the long run, but it could a minimum of be glimpsed in the dozen innovations and ideas beneath. Neither exhaustive nor unique, the record is, quite, representative of the recasting of public well being and medical science more likely to come in the 2020s.
These scientific studies and medical trials come on the back of an enormous number of private accounts from CBD oil users, as individuals suffering from a wide variety of illnesses have experimented with taking CBD isolates and dietary supplements. Given how lengthy marijuana has been used, there was comparatively little scientific analysis into hashish, not to mention CBD.
Although he was capable of isolate these two compounds, he was nonetheless unsure of what they did for the human body. The results of the plant were recognized, but no one was sure which of the 2 compounds did which factor. While Chinese Emperor Sheng Nung might have been the first well-known fan of CBD, he is removed from its solely convert throughout the 1000's of years of CBD history. Thomas Jefferson was an avid fan of the hemp plant, growing it on his property. Queen Victoria used CBD – still not known by that name – to alleviate menstrual cramps.
This is what makes it so effective for nervousness, melancholy, and persistent pain. CBD is also identified for its safety; not like pharmaceutical drugs, and even some over-the-counter medicines, CBD won't hurt the body in any way and produces only a few unwanted effects. "This is a medication that is typically used for kids with epilepsy, so dad and mom could be giving their youngster THC without even understanding it," he said. While we get to see the origins and introduction of hashish and hemp inside the western hemisphere during the historical and later antique periods of time.
Speaking of research, the extra analysis we do with reference to CBD's optimistic results, the extra we will profit communities struggling to afford pharmaceuticals and reasonably priced healthcare generally. CBD provides one other more natural avenue in the direction of therapeutic in a variety of arenas.
At the beginning of the 19th century it was not recognized with much precision what elements and energetic elements Cannabis sativa contained, despite the fact that the plant had been used for medical and leisure purposes for years. Fortunately, studies by some pioneers during that interval began to bear fruit. Those first discoveries mark the start of the historical past of CBD and the advances made in the research of this molecule. Below we trace its evolution, characterised by discoveries and landmark breakthroughs.
CBD transcends commercial worth and is worthy of being studied as a lot as marijuana and THC were. In fact, the more analysis that's carried out, the higher we'll get to know the substance's unfavorable and positive aspects on the human body and brain.
That's across the time the primary pyramids were built, and already historic peoples had begun to discover the various benefits of this unusual plant. Ancient Greek historians describe the plant being used in steam baths – kind of a precursor to the modern apply of vaping CBD oil – and evidence means that hemp was popular throughout Asia, Europe, and Africa. The means Cannabidiol interacts with the endocannabinoid construction of the human nervous system permits for an infinity of prospects. But if there is one thing that the medical historical past of cannabis throughout historical times has confirmed, it's that there are quite a few illnesses that the plant can alleviate, probably by way of the action of its concentration of CBD. And with the current progress in technology, scientists have been in a position to provide you with more precision when it comes to the ailments that would doubtlessly be dealt with by way of cannabinoids.
The establishments of democracy turned subverted by global financial markets and firms for which individuals and Earth were nothing more than a method to revenue. This opened new human possibilities, including technological advances that with time virtually eliminated geographical obstacles to human communication and trade. It supported the spread of democracy and human liberty and medical advances that considerably increased human life expectancy and unleashed a dramatic development in our human numbers. It still should be extracted from industrial hemp exterior of the United States, however it is authorized for importation and consumption. Hemp crops contain far less THC than cannabis crops, which is why they are legal.
In spire of the fact that it was thoroughly used for a wide range of causes over 1000's of years across the world. There remains a considerable quantity about hemp and hashish that we still do not know about. In truth, the latest discovery about a person cannabinoid wasn't really made until 1940.
The Nixon administration took particular aim on the twin issues of late 60s radical activism and the prevalence of narcotics/ drug abuse. Thus resulting in the passage of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970, which made the possession of marijuana, hemp and other forms of cannabinoids wholly unlawful based on Federal Law.
Since CBD has turn into the most popular complement to hit the natural well being scene since just about ever, hemp magnificence merchandise are more in style than ever. While once reserved in a small section of select health meals shops across the country, hemp magnificence products have begun to step up in status.
It could be used to fight earaches and inflammations in the latter, and to fight glaucoma in the former. The Ebers Papyrus – a famed relic of historical Egypt dated back to 1550 B.C.E – mentions Cannabis. According to Pliny, Cannabis would help in easing "cramped joints, gout, and comparable violent ache." Ancient texts from India reveal that Cannabis was used both for its psychoactive results in addition to for more serious medical issues, a few of which might be to alleviate pain during child delivery and to deal with dysentery and sunstrokes. Additionally, the "Ayurvedic treatise of Sushrita Samhita" – an Indian medical work from 600 B.C.E. – cited it as a treatment for leprosy.
CBD oil may be extracted and its molecule can be isolated from the plant, with CBD being more concentrated in its leaves and flowers. Unlike THC, CBD produces no psychoactive effects or 'excessive' when consumed by itself. A temporary look at the short historical past of cannabidiol and medicinal marijuana. Once an outlawed and frowned upon illicit substance, sentiments round medical hashish are fast changing, with the booming business anticipated to grow by billions within the years ahead. In Egypt and in Greece, there's intensive proof pointing in direction of the usage of Cannabis by ancient people.
We grew the ability of our devices of struggle and our capability to dominate and exploit one another and nature to help beforehand unprecedented levels of fabric extravagance by the few at the expense of the numerous. During the latter half of the twentieth Century, our material consumption exceeded for the first time the limits of Earth's capability to maintain us.
In the Atharvaveda, one of the historic Hindu Vedic sacred texts, hemp is listed as one of the five sacred crops of India. Not solely have most cultures around the world used hemp for all types of purposes all through time, however they've all held the plant in extremely high regard as well. It would take virtually an extra a hundred years earlier than a British chemist by the name of Robert S. Cahn was able to start reporting the structure of Cannabinol, higher known as CBN. By 1942, an American chemist named Roger Adams had finally isolated each CBD and THC efficiently.
Generally, when most people consider hashish and hemp plants, they think of THC and CBD. The cause the opposite cannabinoids don't receive much attention is that THC and CBD typically are present in the highest concentrations. This is why most growers, when breeding new strains and choosing vegetation, primarily concentrate on the THC and CBD content material. Fast ahead to the trendy period and the use of hemp for well being is exploding by way of the huge array of CBD merchandise that can be found within the ever-increasing CBD market.
After all, it allowed the thoughts and body to grow exponentially, which was not potential otherwise. From a study by Meir Medical Center in collaboration with Tel Aviv University, spectacular outcomes may be gleaned from the positive therapy of assorted intestinal ailments similar to Crohn's and colitis. From a research that examined 30 people with the disease, it was discovered that there was a major enchancment in 21 of the patients after regular CBD therapy.
His guide fueled a sequence of later works that characterised the past 30 years with a type of insurrection towards the current worldview of the ancient past. Conventional wisdom states that humanity was primitive up to now and then things started evolving until individuals emerged from the state of barbarism to become smarter and extra capable.
However, nothing labored till, out of choices, they acquired some CBD oil for her. Cannabidiol, identified more commonly as CBD, is a naturally occurring compound found in the hashish plant.
The Science Of Cbd
Generally, hemp is tall; it isn't psychoactive and has low levels of the THC chemical that's discovered within the cannabis plant. All across the globe, in about 50 states, the usage of CBD oil which is derived from the hemp is legal however the states have completely different specific situations on the usage of the oil.
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Home / TOEFL Learning Videos / TOEFL Articles / Michael's Online TOEFL Course offers an error correction service for your independent and integrated wrting practice tests.
Unfortunately, it takes 50 minutes to correct an independent and integrated practice test, and since there are 40 independent and 43 integrated practice tests plus 100′s of skill-building exercises helping STEALTH students gain competence in independent and integrated writing skills like decoding the writing task, organizing a coherent response, writing detailed developmental paragraphs, and ending the essay with a conclusion, Michael cannot help everyone throughout day, especially with over 150+ students who are subscribed to his Online TOEFL Course. However, for an additional charge of $50.00, Michael can evaluate, EDIT, and score one independent or integrated writing practice test from "The 7-Step System to Pass the TOEFL iBT," with one-on-one tutorial feedback helping to improve your writing proficiency.
Enclosed in this e-mail is my TOEFL Independent or Integrated Writing Practice Test 1 along my Pay Pal receipt. Please make all the necessary grammar and writing corrections in this essay, so I can see what I need to do to score higher.
Personally, I feel this is a great way of helping to improve your overall writing proficiency, especially if you are aiming to score 24 points or higher in the writing section of the TOEFL iBT. Case in point, you are receiving the benefits of having someone give you one-to-one tutorial feedback correcting your Independent and Integrated Writing Tasks and improving your writing skills as long as you need him to! Furthermore, by knowing exactly what errors you are making and how you can eliminate them, it will help you in both academic and professional writing, long after you have taken the TOEFL iBT. For instance, Michael will correct and focus on whether or not you decoded the writing task, organized a coherent response, wrote detailed developmental paragraphs, and ended the essay with a conclusion. Moreover, he will mentor and give you feedback targeting your writing proficiency and sentence organization by improving your word choice, punctuation, transitions, topic development and writing organization. What an amazing opportunity right?


On this Fourth of July, I read the Preamble of the Constitution out loud to my children. The words really hit home during this election year when so much seems to be at stake.
The words of the Preamble gives us insight as to what the Founders wanted to accomplish with this new government they were creating.
Those words are powerful. The Founders were forward thinking in establishing a government that protects individual liberty while binding us together in a federal government.
For a little extra fun today, here is the Schoolhouse Rock version of the Preamble.
Shelly and I hope that you and yours have a wonderful 4th of July and take a moment to remember what we are celebrating with our fireworks and hot dogs. The founding of a great nation.


Make your code really shine. Run your unit tests, your end-to-end tests, or execute the official Angular linter with the breeze of a command.
Powered by Google. Code licensed under an MIT-style License. Documentation licensed under CC BY 4.0.


text:
package com.consol.citrus.junit.integration;

import com.consol.citrus.*;
import com.consol.citrus.actions.AbstractTestAction;
import com.consol.citrus.annotations.CitrusXmlTest;
import com.consol.citrus.common.TestCaseParserConfiguration;
import com.consol.citrus.common.TestLoader;
import com.consol.citrus.common.XmlTestLoader;
import com.consol.citrus.common.XmlTestLoaderConfiguration;
import com.consol.citrus.config.xml.BaseTestCaseMetaInfoParser;
import com.consol.citrus.config.xml.BaseTestCaseParser;
import com.consol.citrus.context.TestContext;
import com.consol.citrus.junit.spring.JUnit4CitrusSpringSupport;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionBuilder;
import org.springframework.util.xml.DomUtils;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;

/**
 * @author Thorsten Schlathoelter
 */
@XmlTestLoaderConfiguration(
        parserConfigurations = {@TestCaseParserConfiguration(name = "testcase", parser = XMlTestLoaderIT.CustomTestCaseParser.class),
                @TestCaseParserConfiguration(name = "meta-info", parser = XMlTestLoaderIT.CustomTestCaseMetaInfoParser.class)}
)
public class XMlTestLoaderIT extends JUnit4CitrusSpringSupport {

    private static TestCase loadedTestCase;

    @Test
    @CitrusXmlTest
    public void XmlTestLoaderIT() {
        // Special validation is performed via ValidateTestCaseAndMetaInfoAction.
    }

    /**
     * Hack to get a hold on the loadedTestCase. As the test is executed as CitrusXmlTest, it is not possible to add validation in the test method itself
     * @param testName
     * @param packageName
     * @return
     */
    protected TestLoader createTestLoader(String testName, String packageName) {
        return new XmlTestLoader(getClass(), testName, packageName, CitrusSpringContext.create(applicationContext)) {
            @Override
            public TestCase load() {
                loadedTestCase = super.load();
                return loadedTestCase;
            }
        };
    }

    /**
     * A custom test case implementation that should be created by the loader
     */
    public static class CustomTestCase extends DefaultTestCase {
    }

    /**
     * A custom test case meta info that should be created by the loader
     */
    public static class CustomTestCaseMetaInfo extends TestCaseMetaInfo {

        private String description;

        public void setDescription(String description) {
            this.description = description;
        }

        public String getDescription() {
            return description;
        }
    }

    /**
     * A custom test case parser implementation used to create the custom test case
     */
    public static class CustomTestCaseParser extends BaseTestCaseParser<CustomTestCase> {

        public CustomTestCaseParser() {
            super(CustomTestCase.class);
        }
    }

    /**
     * A custom meta info parser used to create the custom test case meta info
     */
    public static class CustomTestCaseMetaInfoParser extends BaseTestCaseMetaInfoParser<CustomTestCaseMetaInfo> {

        public CustomTestCaseMetaInfoParser() {
            super(CustomTestCaseMetaInfo.class);
        }

        @Override
        protected void parseAdditionalProperties(Element metaInfoElement, BeanDefinitionBuilder metaInfoBuilder) {
            Element descriptionElement = DomUtils.getChildElementByTagName(metaInfoElement, "description");
            if (descriptionElement != null) {
                String description = DomUtils.getTextValue(descriptionElement);
                metaInfoBuilder.addPropertyValue("description", description);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * A validation action that asserts, that the correct types of TestCase and TestCaseMetaInfo
     */
    public static class ValidateTestCaseAndMetaInfoAction extends AbstractTestAction {

        @Override
        public void doExecute(TestContext context) {
            Assert.assertTrue(loadedTestCase instanceof CustomTestCase);
            TestCaseMetaInfo metaInfo = loadedTestCase.getMetaInfo();
            Assert.assertTrue(metaInfo instanceof CustomTestCaseMetaInfo);
            Assert.assertEquals(((CustomTestCaseMetaInfo)metaInfo).getDescription(), "Foo bar: F#!$§ed up beyond all repair");
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The Sunset Strip
Pres. Obama's China Summit at Sunnylands Estate Puts Spotlight on Interiors by Sunset Strip's William Haines
Former 'King of MGM' had a second successful career as decorator to Hollywood's elite
June 7, 2013 / Jon Ponder / 0 Comments
William Haines interior at Sunnylands
The meeting between Pres. Obama and Chinese leader Xi Jinping today at the presidential resort, Sunnylands, in Palm Springs has drawn attention to the acclaimed design of the estate, which was originally the winter home of Walter and Lenore Annenberg:
Designed by the prolific Los Angeles architect A. Quincy Jones and the decorator William Haines and finished in 1966, Sunnylands was inspired by Mayan ruins even as it accommodated elements of Midcentury Modernism and the Annenbergs' own Asian antiquities and lacquered furniture.
On a choice site with views of the Chocolate Mountains, the house in Rancho Mirage has been a center for high-powered entertaining from its earliest days. Guests included Ronald Reagan and Richard Nixon — seven current or former presidents have visited Sunnylands in all — along with Queen Elizabeth, Bob Hope and Frank Sinatra.
William Haines is remembered now as the interior decorator to the stars — he did all the homes of his best friend, Joan Crawford, for example. But Haines began his career in Hollywood as an actor. He was the "King of MGM" in the mid- and late 1920s, long before Clark Gable arrived on the scene. But by the mid-1930s he was out after he refused repeated demands by MGM chief Louis B. Mayer that he give up his gay life — and his longtime companion Jimmy Steers — find a willing accomplice and marry her.
Top: Haines' design studio at 8720 Sunset Blvd., bottom left: Haines; right: Joan Crawford
After making a few low budget films for studios in Poverty Row, Haines decided to change careers. He had long been interested in interior design. In fact, at the peak of his career, with a partner he had opened an antique shop on La Brea Avenue. He reformulated the business as William Haines Design, moved into a building he had remodeled at 8720 Sunset Blvd. [map], in the exclusive Sunset Plaza section of the Sunset Strip, and began a highly successful career as Hollywood's go-to interior decorator. (The Haines studio building later housed the power lunch spot, Le Dome.)
Haines, along with his associate Ted Graber, was commissioned by the Annenbergs to design the interiors of the 25,000 square-foot home in 1963.
Walter Annenberg was the publisher of TV Guide and the Daily Racing Form. Lenore Annenberg was the niece of Columbia Pictures chief Harry Cohn. In 2012, Sunnlyands was opened to the public, and as a presidential level retreat.
Haines and Jimmy Steers lived together for over 50 years, until Haines' death in 1973.
Sunset Strip History
8720 Sunset Blvd.Gay HistoryMovie StarsWilliam Haines
Still of Nazimova in 'Blood in Sand'
Those 'Newly Released' Transcripts of Secret Recordings of Rock Hudson Were First Published in 1976 by the Private Eye Who Bugged Hudson's House
Coronet Apartments, Villa of Vice?
The Piazza del Sol: Out of the Ashes
The 'Strange Men' Murder
An All-American Tragedy: The Death of Wallace Reid
At WEHOville: Riviera in the Foothills
Info at Playground to the Stars dot com
© 2010 – 2021 Playground to the Stars


Sausage Party, the first R-rated CG animated movie, is about one sausage leading a group of supermarket products on a quest to discover the truth about their existence and what really happens when they become chosen to leave the grocery store.Sausage Party featuring Seth Rogen and Kristen Wiig is streaming via tv everywhere with FX (Via Cable/Satellite Provider), available for rent or purchase on iTunes, available for purchase on Google Play, and 6 others. It's an action & adventure and animation movie with a high Rotten Tomatoes (critics) score of 82% and an average IMDb audience rating of 6.2 (157,555 votes).
Sausage Party has a high Rotten Tomatoes (critics) score of 82% and an average IMDb audience rating of 6.2 (157,555 votes). The movie is popular with Reelgood users lately.


One downside to new technology is an alarming growth in virtual harassment. Mark Blois and Vicky Lapins consider how schools can respond now that bullying has gone digital.
Schools and bullies and have a long and intertwined, if unfortunate, history. Some may believe society has become more violent and aggressive over the decades, but at the same time it is ever less tolerant of such behaviour and its consequences. The myth that bullying is 'character-forming', 'part of life' and 'a rite of passage' is no longer acceptable. An intensified media spotlight on bullying, together with a growing tendency for those on the receiving end to resort to the courts, is seeing schools increasingly held accountable in law for their actions and omissions in this area.
For schools to get it right on this issue, a precise definition of what constitutes bullying is crucial when it comes to establishing the existence and extent of the duty of care upon schools. A series of cases in the courts have, over time, clarified the parameters of what constitutes bullying in a legal sense.
A case in 2001 brought against Isle of Wight Council provided an objective assessment of bullying, which gave rise to the DfES advisory pack Don't Suffer in Silence. A further action against Enfield Borough Council a year later established that behaviour needed to be "deliberately targeted and persistent" in order to constitute bullying. Finally, a school's duty toward bullied pupils was recognised in a case against West Sussex County Council, also in 2002, which established that a school can owe a duty of care towards a child outside of the school gates.
Under the School Standards & Framework Act 1998, state-maintained schools have specific duties to combat bullying, and must have anti-bullying procedures in place. Independent schools have similar obligations under the Education (Independent Schools Standards) Regulations 2003.
All children and teachers are asked to sign up to the Government's Anti-Bullying Charter for Action. Meanwhile, other government initiatives such as Making the Difference and Don't Suffer in Silence work alongside organisations such as Kidscape, the Anti-Bullying Alliance, Bully Free Zone and Ofsted to produce strategies aimed at reducing incidents of bullying, supporting victims and dealing with children who bully. The profile of bullying as a problem is further highlighted every year through Anti-Bullying Week.
The last couple of years has seen the rapid rise of a new type of bullying, which harnesses the modern technologies that all teenagers use: mobile phones, email and web-based chatrooms. Collectively known as cyberbullying, this type of aggression is defined by Childnet International as the "sending or posting of harmful or cruel text or images using the internet or other digital communication devices". This is reflected in the DfES' definition as "an aggressive, intentional act carried out by a group or individual, using electronic forms of contact, repeatedly over time against a victim who cannot easily defend him or herself".
In 2001, mobile telephones were among the most popular Christmas present for children, and over the next two years cyberbullying rose by 30 per cent, according to children's charity Kidscape. At the same time we have seen an explosion of social networking websites where teenagers meet and chat 'virtually'. As a result, taking a picture or video clip of a fellow pupil, and sending this to others to make him or her feel threatened or embarrassed, or much worse, filming and sharing physical attacks (the practice known as 'happy slapping'), are now part of the bully's armoury.
chatroom bullying: menacing or upsetting responses to children or young people in a web-based chatroom.
bullying via websites – use of defamatory blogs (web logs), personal websites and online personal polling sites.
The advent of cyberbullying adds a new and worrying gender dimension to the wider problem of bullying. Ten years ago, psychologists thought of aggression in verbal and physical terms, traditionally seen as a male domain. But cyberbullying is more akin to relational or indirect bullying, such as rumour-spreading, where girls are more likely to be involved.
Unlike other forms, cyberbullying can follow children and young people into their private space and outside school hours. It allows the user to bully anonymously or from an unknown location, 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Cyberbullies can also communicate messages to a wider audience with remarkable speed, often remaining unseen and unidentified. There has also been a significant increase in social networking sites for young people, which can provide new opportunities for bullies.
62 per cent had heard rumours or malicious gossip spread online.
A school is under the same obligations to tackle this particular form of bullying as any other, but must also recognise its own particular difficulties. Guidelines already exist for those managing websites, email services or chatrooms to ensure that they are used safely. The industry has already acted to take on cyberbullies, with helplines (including Chat Danger, Stop the Bully, Childnet International, Internet Watch Foundation, Kindsmart and Cyberbully) warning about the potential dangers of interactive online services and offering advice for schools, parents and children. The DfES will also be consulting in the coming weeks with major internet service providers and mobile phone operators to explore what more can be done.
The Government's own recently published guidelines are a useful step in helping schools to address the issue of cyberbullying. The DfES guidance Tackling Cyberbullying set out simple steps that the schools, parents and pupils can take to prevent cyberbullying and deal with incidents. From a school's perspective, the guidelines recommend that its mandatory anti-bullying policies include strategies to deal with electronic forms of bullying, as well as clear rules on the possession and use of mobile phones in school.
All e-communications used on the school site or as part of school activities off-site should be monitored and restricted if necessary, and students are to be told not to respond to abusive emails, text messages or phone calls. Members of staff have a duty to make sure that they are familiar with their role in dealing with cyberbullying.
ensuring that parents know what steps to take if they suspect their child is being cyberbullied or is bullying someone else.
The guidance recommends that parents ensure that they and their children understand how to use technology safely and aware of the risks and consequences of misuse. For example, parents are advised to use parental control software, and their children to use moderated chatrooms.
These may be only guidelines, but have been given added strength by the Education & Inspections Act, giving teachers a legal right to discipline pupils and strengthening their authority to take firm action on bullying. This new legislation will also send a strong message to parents and pupils that bullying will not be tolerated, with court imposed parenting orders to compel parents of bullies to attend parenting classes or face fines of up to £1,000.
The phenomenon of cyberbullying can give technologies such as the internet, mobile phones or email accounts a dangerous and frightening aspect, but technology itself is, of course, a morally neutral medium, and can be a channel for comfort as well as threat. While technology can be used to bully, the internet can also be a sanctuary for the victims of bullying by masking their differences and allowing them to be part of communities beyond their locality. Hence the importance of measures to protect young people from those who use technology for oppressive purposes. In the words of schools minister Jim Knight, schools must "tackle bullying in cyberspace with the same vigilance as in the playground".
Mark Blois and Vicky Lapins are education law experts at Browne Jacobson.