text:
environment protection
Case BriefsSupreme Court
Section 22 of MMDR Act does not bar Magistrate to direct registration of FIR under Section 156(3) CrPC; holds SC
Supreme Court: The bench of Ashok Bhushan and MR Shah*, JJ has held that Magistrate can in exercise of powers under Section 156(3) of the Criminal Procedure Code order/direct the concerned Incharge/SHO of the police station to lodge/register crime case/FIR even for the offences under the the Mines & Minerals (Development & Regulation) Act, 1957 (MMDR Act) and the Rules framed thereunder and at this stage the bar under Section 22 of the MMDR Act shall not be attracted.
The Court was hearing a case relating to offences under Sections 379 and 414 IPC, Sections 4/21 of the MMDR Act and Rule 18 of the M.P. Minerals (Prevention of illegal Mining, Transportation and Storage) Rules, 2006 where the Magistrate in exercise of powers conferred under Section 156(3), Cr.P.C. suo motu directed to register criminal case under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. for initiation of investigation and for submitting of report after due investigation is conducted. The concerned In-charge/SHOs of the concerned police stations was also directed to register the first information report and a copy of the first information report be sent to the learned Magistrate as per the provisions of Section 157, Cr.P.C. The Madhya Pradesh High Court had refused to quash the criminal proceedings.
It hence, concluded
i) that the Magistrate can in exercise of powers under Section 156(3) of the Code order/direct the concerned Incharge/SHO of the police station to lodge/register crime case/FIR even for the offences under the MMDR Act and the Rules made thereunder and at this stage the bar under Section 22 of the MMDR Act shall not be attracted;
ii) the bar under Section 22 of the MMDR Act shall be attracted only when the Magistrate takes cognizance of the offences under the MMDR Act and Rules made thereunder and orders issuance of process/summons for the offences under the MMDR Act and Rules made thereunder;
iii) for commission of the offence under the IPC, on receipt of the police report, the Magistrate having jurisdiction can take cognizance of the said offence without awaiting the receipt of complaint that may be filed by the authorised officer for taking cognizance in respect of violation of various provisions of the MMDR Act and Rules made thereunder; and
iv) that in respect of violation of various provisions of the MMDR Act and the Rules made thereunder, when a Magistrate passes an order under Section 156(3) of the Code and directs the concerned In-charge/SHO of the police station to register/lodge the crime case/FIR in respect of the violation of various provisions of the Act and Rules made thereunder and thereafter after investigation the concerned In-charge of the police station/investigating officer submits a report, the same can be sent to the concerned Magistrate as well as to the concerned authorised officer as mentioned in Section 22 of the MMDR Act and thereafter the concerned authorised officer may file the complaint before the Magistrate along with the report submitted by the concerned investigating officer and thereafter it will be open for the learned Magistrate to take cognizance after following due procedure, issue process/summons in respect of the violations of the various provisions of the MMDR Act and Rules made thereunder and at that stage it can be said that cognizance has been taken by the learned Magistrate.
v) in a case where the violator is permitted to compound the offences on payment of penalty as per sub-section 1 of Section 23A, considering sub-section 2 of Section 23A of the MMDR Act, there shall not be any proceedings or further proceedings against the offender in respect of the offences punishable under the MMDR Act or any rule made thereunder so compounded. However, the bar under sub-section 2 of Section 23A shall not affect any proceedings for the offences under the IPC, such as, Sections 379 and 414 IPC and the same shall be proceeded with further.
Considering the need for stringent provisions which may have deterrent effect so that the violators may think twice before causing damage to the earth and the nature, the Supreme Court said
"It might be true that by permitting the violators to compound the offences under the MMDR Act or the rules made thereunder, the State may get the revenue and the same shall be on the principle of person who causes the damage shall have to compensate the damage and shall have to pay the penalty like the principle of polluters to pay in case of damage to the environment. However, in view of the large scale damages being caused to the nature, the policy and object of MMDR Act and Rules are the result of an increasing awareness of the compelling need to restore the serious ecological imbalance and to stop the damages being caused to the nature."
In the present case, on a surprise inspection, the respective Mining Inspectors checked the tractor/trolleys of the private appellants along with the minor mineral (sand/storage/yellow soil etc.) loaded in them.
[Jayant v. State of Madhya Pradesh, 2020 SCC OnLine SC 989, decided on 03.12.2020]
*Justice MR Shah has penned this judgment
Published on December 3, 2020 December 11, 2020 By Prachi Bhardwaj
Leave a comment856 views
No relief to Skoda Volkswagen as SC refuses to quash FIR over alleged use of cheat devices
Supreme Court: The 3-judge bench of SA Bobde, CJ and A.S. Bopanna and V. Ramasubramanian*, JJ has reiterated that the Courts should not thwart any investigation unless no cognizable offence or offence of any kind is disclosed in the first information report that the Court will not permit an investigation to go on.
Referring to the decision in State of Haryana v. Bhajan Lal, (1992) Supp. (1) SCC 335, the Court said,
"(…) the power of quashing should be exercised very sparingly and with circumspection and that too in the rarest of rare cases. While examining a complaint, the quashing of which is sought, the Court cannot embark upon an enquiry as to the reliability or genuineness or otherwise of the allegations made in the FIR or in the complaint."
In S.M. Datta v. State of Gujarat, (2001) 7 SCC 659 the Court cautioned that criminal proceedings ought not to be scuttled at the initial stage.
"Quashing of a complaint should rather be an exception and a rarity than an ordinary rule. (…) if a perusal of the first information report leads to disclosure of an offence even broadly, law courts are barred from usurping the jurisdiction of the police, since the two organs of the State operate in two specific spheres of activities and one ought not to tread over the other sphere."
FIR against Skoda Auto Volkswagen over alleged use of cheat devices
Skoda Auto Volkswagen India Private Limited is engaged in the business of manufacture, import and sale of passenger vehicles in India. The 3rd Respondent in the case lodged an FIR, alleging that he had bought 7 Audi Brand cars from the authorised dealers of the manufacturing Companies and knowing fully well that their vehicles have been installed with cheat devices, the manufacturer had prepared wrong records and documents.
The Petitioner moved Allahabad High Court seeking quashing of the FIR alleging that the FIR is based entirely upon the order of the NGT, which is the subject matter of two civil appeals before the Supreme Court.
Allahabad High Court rejected the prayer for quashing of the FIR. However, the High Court protected the officers of the petitioner against arrest till the submission of the Report under Section 173(2) Cr.P.C. subject however to the condition that they shall cooperate in the investigation.
Not satisfied with a mere protection against arrest and the refusal of the Allahabad High Court to quash the FIR, the petitioner argued before the Supreme Court:
That the Police cannot investigate an issue, the substratum of which is sub judice before this Court in the civil appeals arising out of the order of the NGT; and
That the High Court failed to take note of the long delay on the part of the 3rd Respondent in lodging the complaint and
That the VAHAN Portal of the Government shows the purchase of only 3 vehicles as against the claim of the 3rd Respondent to have purchased 7 vehicles.
Why the Supreme Court refused to quash FIR
On Issue 1
Should pendency of the Civil Appeals and the interim order passed by Supreme Court be taken as a deterrent for anyone else to lodge a police complaint and seek an investigation?
Two original applications came to be filed before the NGT in the year 2015, alleging that the manufacturers of the vehicles in question were employing deceit devices. This coincided with the issue of notice by the Automotive Research Association of India to the manufacturers. The applicants before the NGT did not seek any relief for themselves, as purchasers of vehicles. The reliefs sought by the applicants before the NGT were broad and general. Hence,
" (…) the order of the NGT, passed on the applications filed by certain individuals not claiming as purchasers of vehicles, cannot be taken as an impediment for an individual who purchased cars from the manufacturers, to lodge a complaint, if he has actually suffered on account of any representation made by the manufacturers."
Further, the interim order passed by the Supreme Court not to take any coercive steps has to be understood only in the context of the aforesaid directions of the NGT which became the subject matter of the Civil Appeals.
Can police investigate into the same set of allegations which form the subject matter of proceedings pending adjudication before Supreme Court?
The question whether such devices are installed in the cars purchased by the 3rd respondent herein and the question whether there was any representation in this regard to the petitioner, are all questions of fact, peculiar and particular to the 3rd respondent herein. NGT had no occasion to examine the cars purchased by the 3rd respondent herein.
The Court said,
"At this stage no one can presume whether the defence of the manufacturer to the police complaint will be purely on a question of fact or purely on a question of law or on mixed questions of fact and law."
If the petitioner takes a defence that no such devices were installed in the cars purchased by the 3rd respondent or that there was no (mis)representation in this regard, it will be a pure question of fact, which cannot be gone into in a quash petition.
If the petitioner takes a defence that the installation of such devices, though true, does not violate any law, then it will be a pure question of law.
The Court said that the action initiated by the Automotive Research Association of India in November 2015 and the proceedings that went on before the National Green Tribunal from the year 2015 to the year 2019, have to be seen in the light of the Dieselgate Scandal[1]. All of them were part of the global outrage that actually concerned the damage caused to the environment by the emissions from the cars allegedly fitted with manipulative devices.
The proceedings before the NGT were not intended to address issues relating to individuals, such as
(i) whether any emissions manipulation software, called in common parlance as 'defeat devices' were installed in the vehicles purchased by certain individuals; and
(ii) whether any representation was made to the purchasers of the cars in which such devices had been installed, about the emission efficiency level of the cars
Hence, the Court rejected the contention that the substratum of the police complaint is something that is already the subject matter of adjudication before this Court in the appeals arising out of the order of the NGT. It held that the High Court has been fair to the petitioner, by granting protection against arrest till the filing of the report under section 173(2) of the Code.
Mere delay in lodging the complaint, cannot by itself be a ground to quash the FIR. The law is too well settled on this aspect to warrant any reference to precedents.
The Court did not go into the third issue as it is a question of fact which has to be established only in the course of investigation/trial.
[Skoda Auto Volkswagen India Private Limited v. State of Uttar Pradesh, 2020 SCC OnLine SC 958, decided on 26.11.2020]
*Justice V. Ramasubramanian has penned this judgment
For Petitioner: Senior Advocate Dr. Abhishek Manu Singhvi
For 3rd Respondent: Senior Advocate Maninder Singh
[1] In September-2015, allegations of installation of manipulation devices by car manufacturers emerged from the US Environmental Protection Agency triggering investigations in several European Union States. After claims were lodged and legal action initiated, the German Federal Motor Transport Authority appears to have given permission in June-2016 for the recall of about 2 million vehicles across Europe. In the light of these developments, one of the manufacturers entered into an agreement with the US Environmental Protection Agency in December-2016 giving certain options to the customers. These and the subsequent developments, which attained notoriety as the diesel-gate 18 scandal, led to the German Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof-BGH) giving a ruling on May 25, 2020 in favour of the car owners for damages.
Published on November 27, 2020 December 16, 2020 By Prachi Bhardwaj
NGT can't pass a blanket direction to debar vehicles without valid PUC Certificate from being supplied fuel
Supreme Court: In the case where the National Green Tribunal directed the State of Madhya Pradesh to ensure that no dealer and/or outlet and/or petrol pump should supply fuel to vehicles without Pollution Under Control (PUC) Certificate, the bench of Arun Mishra and Indira Banerjee, JJ has held that NGT had no power to pass such direction as the stoppage of supply of fuel to vehicles not complying with the requirement to have and/or display a valid PUC Certificate is not contemplated either in the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 or in the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010.
"Motor Vehicles not complying with the requirement of possessing and/or displaying a valid PUC Certificate cannot be debarred from being supplied fuel."
The Court said that when a Statute or a Statutory Rules prescribed a penalty for any act or omission, no other penalty not contemplated in the Statute or a Statutory Rules can be imposed. When a Statute requires a thing to be done in a particular manner, it is to be done only in that manner.
After going through the relevant provisions, the Court summarized that driving a vehicle without a pollution PUC certificate entails:
suspension of registration certificate;
imprisonment which may extend to three months;
fine which may extend to Rs.10,000/- or both
disqualification for holding licence for a period of three months
imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months or with fine which may extend to Rs.10,000/- or with fine.
It further noticed that as per Rule 116(8) and (9), the suspension of the certificate of registration is temporary. The suspension is until such time as a certificate is produced before the Registering Authority certifying that the vehicle complies with sub Rules (2) and (7) of the Rule 115 of the Central rules. A Certificate of Registration is also to be deemed to have been suspended, until a fresh Pollution Under Control certificate is obtained.
"There can be no doubt that strong measures must be taken to protect the environment and improve the air quality whenever there is contravention of statutory rules causing environmental pollution. Stringent action has to be taken, but in accordance with law."
The Court, hence, noticed that in passing blanket direction, directing the appellant State Government to ensure that no dealer and/or outlet and/or petrol pump should supply fuel to vehicles without PUC Certificate, de hors the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, NGT overlooked the fact that no vehicle can either be repaired to comply with pollution norms, nor tested for compliance with the political norms upon repair, without fuel.
Hence, the NGT had no power and/or authority and/or jurisdiction to pass orders directing the Appellant State Government to issue orders, instructions or directions on dealers, outlets and petrol pumps not to supply fuel to vehicles without PUC Certificate.
The Court, however, directed that the State shall strictly implement compliance of Rules 115 and 116 and penalize all those who contravene the said Rules in accordance with the provisions of the 1989 Rules.
"The Registration Certificate of vehicles which do not possess a valid PUC Certificate shall be forthwith suspended and/or cancelled, and penal measures initiated against the owner and/or the person(s) in possession and/or control of the offending vehicle, in accordance with law."
[State of Madhya Pradesh v. Centre for Environment Protection Research and Development, 2020 SCC OnLine SC 687, decided on 28.08.2020]
Published on August 29, 2020 September 11, 2020 By Prachi Bhardwaj
NGT Vacancies| "This is an appalling situation"; Notify all vacancies in one go within 10 days: SC to Centre
Supreme Court: Taking note of the "appalling situation" concerning National Green Tribunal where, as of today, there are about 14 vacancies (seven judicial members and seven technical members), the 3-judge bench of AM Khanwilkar, Dinesh Maheshwari and Sanjiv Khanna, JJ has directed Centre to notify, within 10 days, all the existing vacancies at one go, including the anticipated vacancies likely to take place in the next six months.
The Court noticed that the Tribunal is presently functioning with the strength of only seven judges i.e. one chairman, three judicial members and three technical members, despite the mandate to ensure that the minimum number of members shall not be less than 10. It said,
"This is an appalling situation concerning the premier institution such as National Green Tribunal, which is required to deal with environmental issues. That cannot be countenanced."
Centre had, in it's response, given assurance that notification for filling up nine vacancies is being issued by the end of July, 2020. But the Court said that it was not enough and that a notification for ALL vacancies was needed to be issued.
The Court, further, directed that until the proposed selection process culminates with appointment order(s) of the concerned candidates against the existing vacancies, the members presently in office as on this date but are likely to retire shortly, shall continue to hold office in terms of this order and discharge their functions accordingly.
The Court has asked the Centre to file a compliance report by the next date of hearing i.e. 13.08.2020.
[NGT Bar Association (Western Zone) v. Union of India, 2020 SCC OnLine SC 591 , order dated 23.07.2020]
SCC Online is now on Telegram and Instagram. Join our channel @scconline on Telegram and @scconline_ on Instagram and stay updated with the latest legal news from within and outside India
Published on July 24, 2020 July 31, 2020 By Prachi Bhardwaj
Hot Off The PressNews
Delhi-NCR Pollution| SC partially lifts ban on construction activities in Delhi-NCR; Allows construction from 6 AM to 6 PM
Supreme Court: The bench Arun Mishra and Deepak Gupta, JJ has allowed construction activity in the Delhi-NCR region between 6 am and 6 pm, partially lifting its complete ban on it. The said order of the Court came after Additional Solicitor General A N S Nadkarni informed it that the Centre has constituted a high-level committee following the apex court's direction to examine the feasibility of using technology like smog towers to combat air pollution.
The bench also directed the governments of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana to furnish before it the updated report on stubble burning up to December 11.
The court had on November 25 directed the Centre to constitute a high-level committee within three days to consider and work out modalities regarding other technologies to help combat pollution, and said that a report be filed before it within three weeks on this issue. The various direction that the Court had earlier issued are as follows:
It had asked the Delhi government to apprise it of the steps taken with regard to anti-smog gun which sprays atomized water 50 metres in the air to bring down pollutants and had said CPCB should be associated on the issue of anti-smog guns.
The court had asked all the states to explain within six weeks as to why they should not be made liable to pay compensation to persons affected by bad air quality saying it is their bounden duty to provide basic civic amenities, clean air and drinking water to citizens.
The court had asked the Centre and the Delhi government to sit together and take decision within 10 days with regard to installation of smog towers in Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR) which would help in combating air pollution.
The Court had said that "the right to life of human is being endangered" by the bad air quality and water pollution and the states have to deal with the situation as "life span is being shortened". The Court also took exception that states and Centre were indulging in "blame game" over crucial issue of air and water pollution and asked them to work in tandem for welfare of the people. It said despite various orders being passed by the top court from time to time in the pollution matter, the situation has worsened over the years and authorities have to be blamed as they have not performed their duties.
Terming the situation of stubble burning in Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh as "alarming", the Court noticed that despite its order prohibiting it, burning of crop residues in these states have increased. It, hence, pulled up the chief secretaries of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh for their failure to prevent instance of stubble burning despite the Court's order. It said,
"Only policy making to deal with pollution is not required, the real issue needed was implementation at the ground level."
The bench is due to take up the pollution related matters on December 16.
(Source: PTI)
Environmental Clearance for development of Airport at Mopa, Goa to be revisited
Supreme Court: In a case challenging the grant of an Environmental Clearance (EC) for the development of a greenfield international airport at Mopa in Goa, the Bench of Dr. DY Chandrachud and Hemant Gupta, JJ directed Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) to revisit the conditions subject to which it granted its EC within a month.
Appraisal by the EAC
The Court explained 'Appraisal by the EAC' as structured and defined by the 2006 notification. It said that the process of appraisal is defined to mean "a detailed scrutiny" by the EAC of the application and other documents like the EIA report and the outcome of the public consultation, including the public hearing proceedings, submitted by the applicant to the regulatory authority for the grant of an EC. The EAC is under a mandate to conduct the process of appraisal in "a transparent manner". On the conclusion of these proceedings, the EAC has to make "categorical recommendations" to the regulatory authority. The recommendations made by the EAC to the regulatory authority must be based on "reasons". Considering this, the Court noticed,
"That the project proponent must submit all information and data without concealing relevant features is a basic hypothesis and expectation of the 2006 notification. The EAC has, in the brief reasons which are contained in para 3.1.2, not applied its mind at all to the environmental concerns raised in relation to the project nor do its reasons indicate an appraisal of those concerns by evaluating the impact of the project."
Hence, the Court said the appraisal by the EAC in the present case neither the process of decision making nor the decision itself can pass legal muster.
Failure of due process
On EAC:
"The EAC, as an expert body abdicated its role and function by taking into account circumstances which were extraneous to the exercise of its power and failed to notice facets of the environment that were crucial to its decision making. The 2006 notification postulates that normally, the MoEFCC would accept the recommendation of the EAC. This makes the role of the EAC even more significant."
On NGT:
"The NGT is an adjudicatory body which is vested with appellate jurisdiction over the grant of an EC. The NGT dealt with the submissions which were urged before it in essentially one PART J 90 paragraph. It failed to comprehend the true nature of its role and power under Section 1(h) and Section 20 of the NGT Act 2010. In failing to carry out a merits review, the NGT has not discharged an adjudicatory function which properly belongs to it."
Until the EAC carries out the fresh exercise as directed above, the EC granted by the MoEFCC on 28 October 2015 shall remain suspended;
Upon reconsidering the matter in terms of the present directions, the EAC, if it allows the construction to proceed will impose such additional conditions which in its expert view will adequately protect the concerns about the terrestrial eco systems noticed in this judgment. The EAC would be at liberty to lay down PART K appropriate conditions concerning air, water, noise, land, biological and socioeconomic environment;
The EAC shall have due regard to the assurance furnished by the concessionaire to this Court that it is willing to adopt and implement necessary safeguards bearing in mind international best practices governing greenfield airports;
State of Goa as the project proponent and the MoEFCC, as the case may be, has the liberty to file the report of the EAC before this Court in the form of a Miscellaneous Application so as to facilitate the passing of appropriate orders in the proceedings; and
No other Court or Tribunal shall entertain any challenge to the report that is to be submitted before this Court by the EAC in compliance with the present order.
[Hanuman Laxman Aroskar v. Union of India, 2019 SCC OnLine SC 441, decided on 29.03.2019]
Published on March 30, 2019 April 5, 2019 By Prachi Bhardwaj
SC sets aside NGT order to reopen Vedanta's Tuticorin Sterlite plant; No order on reopening of the plant [Full Report]
Supreme Court: The bench of RF Nariman and Navin Sinha, JJ has refused to allow reopening of Vedanta's Sterlite plant in Tamil Nadu's Tuticorin, which was at the centre of massive protests over pollution concerns. It, however, granted the company liberty to approach the Madras High Court.
The Vedanta group was, hence, seeking a direction to Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) to implement the National Green Tribunal (NGT) order which had set aside the government's decision to close the plant. The state had, however, moved the Supreme Court, saying the NGT had "erroneously" set aside various orders passed by the TNPCB last year with regard to the Sterlite plant. It had said the tribunal had consequentially directed the TNPCB to pass fresh orders of renewal of consent and issue authorisation to handle hazardous substances to Vedanta Limited.
The bench allowed Tamil Nadu's appeal against the NGT order on grounds of maintainability and said the tribunal has no jurisdiction to order reopening of the plant. It said:
"If an appellate authority is either not yet constituted, or not properly constituted, a leapfrog appeal to the NGT cannot be countenanced. As has been held by us supra, the NGT is only conferred appellate jurisdiction from an order passed in exercise of first appeal. Where there is no such order, the NGT has no jurisdiction."
The Court, hence, held that since an appeal was pending before the appellate authority when the NGT set aside the original order dated 09.04.2018, the NGT's order being clearly outside its statutory powers conferred by the Water Act, the Air Act, and the NGT Act, would be an order passed without jurisdiction.
The Court, however, directed that it will be open for the respondents to file a writ petition in the High Court against all the aforesaid orders. It added:
"If such writ petition is filed, it will be open for the respondent to apply for interim reliefs considering that their plant has been shut down since 09.04.2018. Also, since their plant has been so shut down for a long period, and they are exporting a product which is an important import substitute, the respondent may apply to the Chief Justice of the High Court for expeditious hearing of the writ petition, which will be disposed of on merits notwithstanding the availability of an alternative remedy in the case of challenge to the 09.04.2018 order of the TNPCB."
Background of the case:
At least 13 people were killed and several injured on May 22 last year when police had opened fire on a huge crowd of people protesting against environment pollution being allegedly caused by the factory.
The Tamil Nadu government had, on May 28, ordered the state pollution control board to seal and "permanently" close the mining group's copper plant following violent protests over pollution concerns.
On December 15, the NGT had set aside the state government's order for closure of the Sterlite copper plant, saying it was "non sustainable" and "unjustified".
[Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board v. Sterlite Industries (I) Ltd., 2019 SCC OnLine SC 221, decided on 18.02.2019]
Published on February 18, 2019 February 27, 2019 By Prachi Bhardwaj
State directed to implement an effective mechanism to eradicate the plastic menace : Uttaranchal HC
Uttaranchal High Court: A Division Bench comprising of Manoj Kumar Tiwari, J. and Rajiv Sharma, ACJ., gave directions as to the use and sale of plastic in the State.
The Court took judicial notice of the news item published in daily edition of 'Hindustan' newspaper wherein it was stated as to how polythene was damaging the ecology of the environment and consequently it expressed its concern over the havoc created by plastic and demanded the authorities to contribute towards sweeping away the damages caused by the plastic from the State. It was observed that "Polythene is polluting the fragile environment and ecology of the State of Uttarakhand. It has also now entered into the river system and drainage system. It has reduced the fertility of the land. The stray cattle are also consuming polythene, causing grave harm to their health."
Accordingly, the respondent was directed to apprise the Court about the implementation of the directions issued by it along with the initiative undertaken by the Chief Minister of Uttarakhand to eradicate the polythene menace. Also, the District Magistrates throughout the State were directed to launch special initiative to check the sale and use of polythene. [Ban on the use of polythene in Uttarakhand, In re, WP(PIL) No. 132 of 2018, order dated 07-09-2018]
Published on September 14, 2018 September 14, 2018 By Devika
Open Eastern Expressway by June 1; Doesn't matter if PM can't inaugurate it by then: SC to NHAI
Supreme Court: The Madan B. Lokur and Deepak Gupta, JJ directed the National Highways Authority Of India (NHAI) to ensure that the newly constructed Eastern Expressway, which is aimed at decongesting Delhi, is thrown open to public from June 1 even if the Prime Minister cannot inaugurate it by then/ The Bench said that "any delay will not be in interest of people."
NHAI had told the Court that the expressway was scheduled to be inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on April 29 but it could not be done due to his prior commitments. The Bench took exception to the 135-km Expressway, which envisages signal-free connectivity between Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Gautam Budh Nagar (Greater Noida) and Palwal, not being thrown open to the public despite being informed earlier that it would be inaugurated by April 20.
The Eastern and Western Peripheral Expressways were planned in 2006 following Supreme Court's order to build a ring road outside the national capital for channelling non-Delhi bound traffic. The Supreme Court had asked the Centre in 2005 to build a peripheral expressway around Delhi by July 2016 to decongest and "de-pollute" the national capital.
Published on May 10, 2018 By Prachi Bhardwaj
Illegal Mining in Goa: Second renewal of mining leases granted in violation of Goa Foundation case quashed
Supreme Court: Showing dismay over large-scale illegal mining of iron ore and manganese ore in the State of Goa, the bench of Madan B. Lokur and Deepak Gupta, JJ issued several directions to ensure implementation of mining related environment protection laws and said:
"For the State to generate adequate revenue through the mining sector and yet have sustainable and equitable development, the implementation machinery needs a tremendous amount of strengthening while the law enforcement machinery needs strict vigilance. Unless the two marry, we will continue to be mute witnesses to the plunder of our natural resources and left wondering how to retrieve an irretrievable situation."
Clarifying the directions issued by the Court in Goa Foundation v. Union of India, (2014) 6 SCC 590, on 21st April 2014, the Bench said that as per the said decision, the State of Goa was obliged to grant fresh mining leases in accordance with law and not second renewals to the mining lease holders. Also, the State of Goa was not under any constitutional obligation to grant fresh mining leases through the process of competitive bidding or auction.
The Court noticed:
"The second renewal of the mining leases granted by the State of Goa was unduly hasty, without taking all relevant material into consideration and ignoring available relevant material and therefore, not in the interests of mineral development. The decision was taken only to augment the revenues of the State which is outside the purview of Section 8(3) of the MMDR Act."
The Bench also clarified that the Ministry of Environment and Forest was obliged to grant fresh environmental clearances in respect of fresh grant of mining leases in accordance with law and the decision of this Court in Goa Foundation and not merely lift the abeyance order of 14th September, 2012.
Hence, the Court set aside the second renewal of the mining leases granted by the State of Goa is liable to be set aside and issued the following directions:
The mining lease holders who have been granted the second renewal in violation of the decision and directions of this Court in Goa Foundation are given time to manage their affairs and may continue their mining operations till 15th March, 2018. However, they are directed to stop all mining operations with effect from 16th March, 2018 until fresh mining leases (not fresh renewals or other renewals) are granted and fresh environmental clearances are granted.
The State of Goa should take all necessary steps to grant fresh mining leases in accordance with the provisions of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957. The Ministry of Environment and Forest should also take all necessary steps to grant fresh environmental clearances to those who are successful in obtaining fresh mining leases. The exercise should be completed by the State of Goa and the Ministry of Environment and Forest as early as reasonably practicable.
The State of Goa will take all necessary steps to ensure that the Special Investigation Team and the team of Chartered Accountants constituted pursuant to the Goa Grant of Mining Leases Policy 2014 give their report at the earliest and the State of Goa should implement the reports at the earliest, unless there are very good reasons for rejecting them.
The State of Goa will take all necessary steps to expedite recovery of the amounts said to be due from the mining lease holders pursuant to the show cause notices issued to them and pursuant to other reports available with the State of Goa including the report of Special Investigation Team and the team of Chartered Accountants.
In Goa Foundation case, it was held that all the iron ore and manganese ore leases had expired on 22nd November, 2007 and hence, any mining operation carried out by the mining lease holders after that date was illegal. It was also held that all the mining lease holders had enjoyed a first deemed renewal of the mining lease and for a second renewal an express order was required to be passed in view of and in terms of Section 8(3) of the MMDR Act. [Goa Foundation v. Sesa Sterlite Ltd., 2018 SCC OnLine SC 98, decided on 07.02.2018]
Published on February 7, 2018 February 15, 2018 By Prachi Bhardwaj
Taj Mahal Pollution Case: ASG to file comprehensive policy within 2 weeks
Supreme Court: In the issue relating to demolition of the parking lot, being constructed near the eastern gate of Taj Mahal, the Additional Solicitor General Tushar Mehta submitted before the Court that he will file the comprehensive policy with regard to the entire issue of pollution in the Taj Trapezium Zone and the nearby areas within two weeks.
The bench of Madan B. Lokur and Deepak Gupta had earlier on 24.10.2017, ordered demolition of the parking lot, being constructed near the eastern gate of Taj Mahal while hearing the petition filed by environmentalist M C Mehta, who has been monitoring development in the area to protect the Taj Mahal from the ill effects of polluting gases and deforestation in and around the area.
On 25.10.2017, Uttar Pradesh State's counsel Aishwarya Bhati told the bench headed by J. Chelameswar, J that she could not appear before the court on 24.10.2017 when the matter was called up for hearing before a bench headed by Justice Madan B Lokur, due to which the demolition order was passed. The Court hence, agreed to hear the restoration plea.
The matter will now be heard on 15.11.2017. Status quo will be maintained till then. [MC Mehta v Ministry of Environment and Forests, 2017 SCC OnLine SC 1280, order dated 27.10.2017]
Published on October 27, 2017 November 10, 2017 By Prachi Bhardwaj
Demolition of Parking lot near Taj Mahal: SC agrees to hear the restoration plea against the order
Supreme Court: The Court agreed to hear the Uttar Pradesh government's restoration plea against its order to demolish a multi-level car parking facility being built within a kilometer of the Taj Mahal. The hearing will take place on October 27, 2017.
State's counsel Aishwarya Bhati told the bench headed by J. Chelameswar, J that she could not appear before the court yesterday when the matter was called up for hearing before a bench headed by Justice Madan B Lokur, due to which the demolition order was passed.
The Court had, on 24.10.2017, ordered demolition of the parking lot, being constructed near the eastern gate of Taj Mahal while hearing the petition filed by environmentalist M C Mehta, has been monitoring development in the area to protect the Taj Mahal from the ill effects of polluting gases and deforestation in and around the area.
Published on October 25, 2017 October 25, 2017 By Prachi Bhardwaj
SC furious over non-compliance of laws and recommendations on appointment of members of SPCBs; Tells States to frame rules for within 6 months
Supreme Court: The bench of Madan B lokur and Deepak Gupta, JJ directed the Executive in all the States to frame appropriate guidelines or recruitment rules within six months, considering the institutional requirements of the State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) and the law laid down in the Statutes, by this Court and as per the reports of various committees and authorities and ensure that suitable professionals and experts are appointed to the SPCBs.
The Court was hearing the appeal against the decision of the National Green Tribunal where it was held that the necessary expertise or qualifications to be members or chairpersons of such high powered and specialized statutory bodies and therefore did not deserve their appointment or nomination. The Court, agreeing with the reasoning of the Tribunal, set aside the order as the Tribunal had exceeded its jurisdiction in directing the State Governments to reconsider the appointments and in laying down guidelines for appointment to the SPCBs.
The Court referred to a number of recommendations of various committees, the laws laid down in various Statutes and Judgements and said:
"All these suggestions and recommendations are more than enough for making expert and professional appointments to the SPCBs being geared towards establishing a professional body with multifarious tasks intended to preserve and protect the environment and consisting of experts. Any contrary view or compromise in the appointments would render the exercise undertaken by all these committees completely irrelevant and redundant."
The Court, noticing that notwithstanding all these suggestions, recommendations and guidelines the SPCBs continue to be manned by persons who do not necessarily have the necessary expertise or professional experience to address the issues for which the SPCBs were established by law, said that the concern is not one of a lack of professional expertise, but the lack of dedication and willingness to take advantage of the resources available. It further said:
"With this couldn't-care-less attitude, the environment and public trust are the immediate casualties."
The Court said that any damage to the environment could be permanent and irreversible or at least long-lasting and
"unless corrective measures are taken at the earliest, the State Governments should not be surprised if petitions are filed against the State for the issuance of a writ of quo warranto in respect of the appointment of the Chairperson and members of the SPCBs."
The Court left it open to public spirited individuals to move the appropriate High Court for the issuance of a writ of quo warranto if any person who does not meet the statutory or constitutional requirements is appointed as a Chairperson or a member of any SPCB or is presently continuing as such. [Techi Tagi Tara v. Rajendra Singh Bhandari, 2017 SCC OnLine SC 1165 , decided on 22.09.2017]
Published on September 22, 2017 September 27, 2017 By Prachi Bhardwaj
Ban on fireworks: SC gives elaborate directions to check health hazard caused by Diwali Fireworks in Delhi
Supreme Court: Considering the necessity to give precedence to the health of the people in Delhi and in the NCR over any commercial or other interest, the bench of Madan B Lokur and Deepak Gupta, JJ issued elaborate directions and said that keeping in mind the adverse effects of air pollution, the human right to breathe clean air and the human right to health, the Central Government and other authorities should consider encouraging display fireworks through community participation rather than individual bursting of fireworks.
The directions issued by the Court are as follows:
The concerned police authorities and the District Magistrates will ensure that fireworks are not burst in silence zones that is, an area at least 100 meters away from hospitals, nursing homes, primary and district health-care centres, educational institutions, courts, religious places or any other area that may be declared as a silence zone by the concerned authorities.
The Delhi Police is directed to reduce the grant of temporary licences by about 50% of the number of licences granted in 2016. The number of temporary licences should be capped at 500.
The Union of India will update and revise and ensure strict compliance with the Notification dated 27th January, 1992 regarding the ban on import of fireworks.
The Department of Education of the Government of NCT of Delhi and the corresponding Department in other States in the NCR shall immediately formulate a plan of action, in not more than 15 days, to reach out to children in all the schools through the school staff, volunteers and NGOs to sensitize and educate school children on the health hazards and ill-effects of breathing polluted air, including air that is polluted due to fireworks. School children should be encouraged to reduce, if not eliminate, the bursting of fireworks as a part of any festivities.
Fireworks containing aluminium, sulphur, potassium and barium may be sold in Delhi and in the NCR, provided the composition already approved by Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organization (PESO) is maintained. However, the use of compounds of antimony, lithium, mercury, arsenic and lead in the manufacture of fireworks as well as the use of strontium chromate in the manufacture of fireworks is prohibited.
50,00,000 kg of fireworks is far more than enough for Dussehra and Diwali in 2017, hence, transport of fireworks into Delhi and the NCR from outside the region is prohibited and the concerned law enforcement authorities will ensure that there is no further entry of fireworks into Delhi and the NCR till further orders. The permanent licensees are at liberty to take measures to transport the stocks outside Delhi and the NCR.
The suspension of permanent licences as directed by the order dated 11th November, 2016 is lifted for the time being. However, the suspension might be reviewed after Diwali depending on the ambient air quality post Diwali.
Research study must be jointly carried out by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and the Fireworks Development Research Centre (FDRC) laying down appropriate standards for ambient air quality in relation to the bursting of fireworks and the release of their constituents in the air. Also, a research study needs to be conducted on the impact of bursting fireworks during Dussehra and Diwali on the health of the people.
The Court appointed a Committee to be chaired by the Chairperson of the CPCB and consisting of officers at the appropriate level from the National Physical Laboratory, Delhi, the Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, the Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, scientists from the State Pollution Control Boards, the Fire Development and Research Centre, Sivakasi and Nagpur and the National Environment Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) nominated by the Chairperson of the CPCB to submit a report in this regard preferably on or before 31st December, 2017. [Arjun Gopal v. Union of India, 2017 SCC OnLine SC 1071, decided on 12.09.2017]
Odisha Mining Scandal: SC tells Centre to revisit the National Mineral Policy, 2008 before the end of the year
Supreme Court: Concerned over a mining scandal of enormous proportions involving megabucks in the State of Odisha, the bench of Madan B. Lokur and Deepak Gupta, JJ said that though the Court cannot lay down limits on the extent of mining activities that should be permitted by the State of Odisha or by the Union of India, this is an aspect that needs serious consideration by the policy and decision makers in our country in the governance structure. The Court hence, directed the Union of India to revisit the National Mineral Policy, 2008 and announce a fresh and more effective, meaningful and implementable policy within the next few months and in any event before 31st December, 2017.
Taking note of the indiscriminate mining operations in Odisha, the Court said there is no effective check on mining operations nor is there any effective mining policy. Regarding the National Mineral Policy, 2008, the Court said that the same seems to be only on paper and is not being enforced perhaps due to the involvement of very powerful vested interests or a failure of nerve. The Court also said that the Policy was almost a decade old and the variety of changes that have taken place since then, including the advent of rapacious mining in several parts of the country, it was necessary that a new updated Policy was brought in.
Directing the constitution of an Expert Committee under the guidance of a retired Supreme Court judge for identifying the lapses that have occurred over the years enabling rampant illegal or unlawful mining in Odisha and measures to prevent this from happening in other parts of the country, the Court said that undoubtedly, there have been very serious lapses that have enabled large scale mining activities to be carried out without forest clearance or environment clearance and eventually the persons responsible for this will need to be booked but as mentioned above, the violation of the laws and policy need to be prevented in other parts of the country. The rule of law needs to be established.
The Court issued the above directions in the light of the rapaciously mining of iron ore and manganese in the districts of Keonjhar, Sundergarh and Mayurbhanj in Odisha that has apparently destroyed the environment and forests and has caused untold misery to the tribals in the area. [Common Cause v. Union of India, 2017 SCC OnLine SC 857, decided on 02.08.2017]
Published on August 2, 2017 August 10, 2017 By Prachi Bhardwaj
1 Comment1901 views
Nothing wrong with the Government's scheme of gradual phase out of vehicles not complying with the BS-IV norms
Supreme Court: Explaining the reasons for the order dated 29.03.2017, where it was directed that on and from 1st April, 2017 such vehicles that are not BS-IV compliant shall not be sold or registered in India by any manufacturer or dealer, the Court said that considering the life of such vehicles ranges from 10 to 15 years, the concern is not only for the present population of the country but for future generations who also have an entitlement to breathe pollution free air. This is what sustainable development and inter-generational equity is all about.
Rejecting the argument that every Notification issued by the Government in relation to prohibition of sale of any vehicle not complying with BS-IV Emission norms over the course of years should be interpreted literally, the Court said that if the entire scheme laid out by the Government – of discouraging the manufacture of polluting vehicles and gradually phasing them out coupled with their gradual replacement with fuel efficient vehicles, availability of cleaner and greener fuel and compliance with fuel emission norms is appreciated in a much larger context rather than on a notification by notification basis – the objective behind the scheme would be apparent. The Court said that the Government could very well have issued one single notification way back in 2010 that with effect from 1st April, 2017 but it did not do so to enable all concerned, particularly the auto industry and marketing strategists to gradually manage their affairs rather than subject them to a sudden future shock. The scheme of a gradual phase-out is now sought to be perverted through a literal interpretation of each notification, unfortunately, for a commercial benefit rather than being appreciated in a larger canvas for the benefit of society as a whole.
Lashing out at the interveners, the bench of Madan B. Lokur and Deepak Gupta, JJ said that rather than admit responsibility for a lack of concern of public health issues, some of the interveners have sought to blame Environment Pollution Control Authority (EPCA) for its failure to approach the Government of India to seek amendments to the notifications issued from time to time and to incorporate a prohibition on the sale and registration of BS-III compliant vehicles on or after 1st April, 2017. It was noticed that the EPCA had convened a meeting of all stakeholders on 19th October, 2016 and had brought to the notice of the representatives of SIAM that there would be no sale and registration of BS-III compliant vehicles from 1st April, 2017 and that this should be communicated to all manufacturers in order to give sufficient notice of almost six months to enable the automobile industry to plan its production and sale and take pro-active steps to significantly decrease the production of such vehicles. Therefore, to blame EPCA for their problems is rather unfair of the interveners.
The Court said that it is time to realize that a collective effort is needed to clear up the air. In this process, the interveners have a huge role and they should now wake up to their responsibility for the benefit of all. [M.C. Mehta v. Union of India, 2017 SCC OnLine SC 394, decided on 13.04.2017]
Published on April 13, 2017 April 26, 2017 By Prachi Bhardwaj
Delhi Government directed to issue advisories to make public aware of fatal efects of manja/razor sharp kite threads
Delhi High Court: Hearing a public interest litigation seeking directions to the Ministry of Environment, Government of NCT of Delhi to take steps under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and other relevant Acts to prohibit the manufacture, use, sale and purchase of manja/nylon kite thread and similar synthetic threads used in kite flying, the Court directed the Government to issues advisories within 3 days from the date of order to make the public aware of the fatal effects of such razor sharp threads.
The petitioner contended that the thread used for flying of kites which is made of nylon or synthetic material and other toxic materials, often referred to as "Chinese manja" though it has nothing to do
with China, being razor sharp is very dangerous and capable of causing severe injuries to birds and humans and that the present case fell within the ambit of Rule 4(5) of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 and therefore prohibitory orders be issued by the Government without inviting objections from public.
The Standing Counsel Mr Rahul Mehra submitted that a proposed draft notification in relation to imposing a complete ban on sale, production, storage, supply and use of nylon, plastic and Chinese manja and other kite-flying thread that is sharp or made sharp such as being laced with glass, metal or other sharp objects in National Capital Territory of Delhi was ready and the same had been forwarded to the Law Department, Government of NCT of Delhi for vetting. Since the notification cannot be issued immediately, advisories may be issued to create awareness among the public.
Though the petitioner had brought to the Court's notice a few incidents based on newspaper reports, the Court was of the view that more material and adequate data was required to be collected and evaluated, and opportunity be given to raise objections, before prohibiting or restricting the handling of hazardous substances in accordance with the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986. Disposing of the petition, the Court issued the following directions:
Office of the Divisional Commissioners/ Directorate of Information & Publicity and all the Municipal Corporations shall issue advisories within 3 days from today through various modes to make the public aware of the fatal effects of use of razor sharp thread/manja made of nylon/plastic/synthetic using glass/metal and/or other toxic materials.
Steps be taken by the Commissioner of Delhi Police to ensure that advisories are issued by all concerned authorities in terms of the above direction so as to prevent any untoward incidents in Delhi.
Government of NCT of Delhi is directed to expedite the process of inviting suggestions or objections from the general public and thereafter to issue the notification following the procedure laid down under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 read with the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, to tackle the adverse effects of razor sharp kite flying threads on humans as well as other living creatures as expeditiously as possible.
[Zulfiquar Hussain v. Government of NCT of Delhi, 2016 SCC OnLine Del 4488, decided on August 10, 2016]
Published on August 16, 2016 September 5, 2016 By Editor


text:
import { scrollTarget } from "./internal.js";

declare const CursorInViewMixin: Mixin<
  {},
  {
    scrollCurrentItemIntoView(): void;
    readonly [scrollTarget]: Element;
  }
>;

export default CursorInViewMixin;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Every morning in the beginning of my pregnancy (before I got morning sickness) Juniper and I would share a green smoothie and that was my way of getting some greens in her (and me). Well now I'm craving sweets and sugar like CONSTANTLY with this baby #2! It's bad! With Juniper I wanted fruit but nothing super sweet, but with this pregnancy I just want everything chocolatey, sweet and everything yummy. So my way of not being overly indulgent is making these acai bowls when I want something sweet. Juni calls it ice cream and it really does taste like it with all these yummy toppings!
I know they are really popular right now so probably most people know how to make them but just in case you don't here's a little down low on how I make them.


Visiting Angels Senior Care can assist you in providing in-home senior care services. Inviting a caregiver into your home is not an easy decision, but if you are at the point where you need senior care help, we are here to assist you. We have designed a personalized screening system for your peace of mind called the "Select Your Caregiver" process.
Using our "Select Your Caregiver" program, you are given the chance to interview any assisted living caregiver that we refer to you for senior care service. You provide your schedule to the senior care provider (i.e. times for waking up, bathing, meals, etc.) and he or she will adjust his or her schedule to yours so that your loved one remains comfortable in their home.
Please fill our form to the best of your ability. Once you have submitted the form, the closest Visiting Angels agency phone number and local website link will be available for you to view, and your senior care assisted living request will be sent.
Visiting Angels Senior Home Care can assist you in delivering in home care services. We never compromise on elder care and will work diligently to provide your loved one with high quality companion care services. Use our personal home care system to find the perfect companion care giver. At Visiting Angels, we keep our overhead low to avoid passing high costs to you. We pay and treat our caregivers very well in order to entice and provide the best quality in home care available. Around the country, you can rely on Visiting Angels for the best senior home care.
This form allows you to tell us more about the person who is in need of our senior home care services. You don't have to fill out this form, but if you do decide to use it, the more explicit the guidance you provide, the easier it will be for us to establish a all-inclusive senior home care plan.
Visiting Angels is "America's Choice in Homecare". Thank you for considering Visiting Angels for your senior home care service needs. We look forward to serving you with the best senior in home care available. Along with our excellent elder care, Visiting Angels eliminates the stress and worry family members experience about the care of their elderly loved ones. Seniors are also comforted and feel at ease knowing that a caring experienced in home care Visiting Angels caregiver will be there to assist any time, day or night without causing a change to their routines. To learn more about how Visiting Angels' senior in home care services can work for you, fill out our elder care Information Request Form or contact us directly at 800-365-4189. Research your options now so you are prepared to help your loved ones when they need it!


Absolutely. We will always honor your wishes. If you have any concerns about how your information is handled, or to add your name to our do-not-share list, please e-mail, call or write us. Please provide us with your exact name and address. We will be sure your name is not on any list we share with other organizations. Write to: Catholic Relief Services 228 West Lexington St. Baltimore, Maryland 21201-3443 E-mail: donorservices@crs.org Phone: 1-888-277-7575 CRS donors can update their information and control some of these preferences by registering for our online donor self-service center.
Yes. For your online security, we use industry-standard encryption technologies when transferring and receiving payment data, including credit card information. And we have security measures in place to protect against loss, misuse, or alteration of information that we have collected from or about you. Once the gift is processed, our donor data resides in a PCI-compliant data center. We manage all hardware, software and security tasks, including handling a redundant site, backup, disaster recovery and credit card processing. Our fundraising software meets the rigorous requirements necessary to gain Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) compliant status. More information on these requirements can be found on the PCI Security and Standards Council website. Credit card data is not stored for one-time donations. For recurring donations, encrypted credit card numbers are stored in a PCI-compliant data vault. Tokenized credit card numbers are stored in the core donor database. No actual credit card numbers are visible from the core donor database.
Your privacy is very important to us, and we want to make sure your experience with us is a positive one. We want to keep you informed about our vital work and the interests we share, but we don't want to do that at the expense of your privacy or trust in us. If you have any concerns, please call 888-277-7575 or e-mail donorservices@crs.org.


text:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <meta content="Practical clustering and machine learning toolkit." name="description" />

    <title>Welcome to bakfu's documentation! — bakfu 0.1 documentation</title>

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/classic.css" type="text/css" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />

    <link rel="top" title="bakfu 0.1 documentation" href="#" />
    <link rel="next" title="Introduction" href="introduction.html" />

Navigation

          index

          next |

bakfu 0.1 documentation »

Welcome to bakfu’s documentation!¶

Contents¶

Introduction

Core concepts

Quick start

Custom processor

Reference¶

Data

Simple loader

Save/load a chain

Processing

Treetagger

Pattern

Classifying

Changelog¶

Indices and tables¶

Index

Module Index

Search Page

Table Of Contents

Welcome to bakfu’s documentation!

Contents

Reference

Changelog

Indices and tables

Next topic

Introduction

This Page

Show Source

Quick search

    <form class="search" action="search.html" method="get">
      <input type="text" name="q" />
      <input type="submit" value="Go" />
      <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
      <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
    </form>

    Enter search terms or a module, class or function name.

Navigation

          index

          next |

bakfu 0.1 documentation »

        © Copyright 2014, Patrick LLORET.
      Created using Sphinx 1.3.1.


An excellent goalless draw at fourth-placed Driffield. A good team effort.
A heavy 10-3 defeat for the youngsters against third-placed Brigg 3.
The Lindum side were only 3-2 down by half time but a clinical Brigg outfit ran riot after the break.
Craig Ball(2) and Stuart Kirk grabbed the goals for Lindum.
The Lindum Ladies were just seconds away from an outstanding victory over unbeaten leaders Barton 1.
Leann Lynch-Anderson got the goal in this tight 1-1 draw.
Paul Topham and John Sissan scored the goals in what turned out to be an entertaining 2-2 draw against Doncaster 6.
The Lindum outfit remain in mid-tale well clear of the drop zone.
Well done to all the Lindum hockey teams.


text:
Home / Psychedelic
25N-NBOMe blotters 300 µg
2C-N addition significantly increases activity at the serotonin receptor. This product is intended for forensic and research uses.
Special pricing based on quantity
5 Blotters €13.95
15 Blotters €35.95
125 Blotters €178.95
amount Choose an option5 Blotters15 Blotters25 Blotters50 Blotters125 Blotters Clear
25N-NBOMe blotters 300 µg quantity
SKU: N/A Category: Psychedelic Tag: Phenethylamine
25N-NBOMe (2C-N-NBOMe) is a derivative of the substituted phenethylamine psychedelic 2C-N which was discovered in 2004 by Ralf Heim at the Free University of Berlin and subsequently investigated by a team at Purdue University led by David Nichols.
25N-NBOMe has a notably shorter duration than the rest of the 25x-NBOMe series, with a total duration of 6 hours and a peak duration of 2 hours. It is moderately active at a 1mg dosage, and 2mg provides a strong/heavy trip. This substance is considerably less potent when compared to the more popular NBOMes such as 25B-NBOMe, 25I-NBOMe, and 25C-NBOMe, all of which lead to strong trips at 1mg+ doses.
In terms of its chemistry, 25N-NBOMe is a substituted phenethylamine with methoxy groups attached to carbons R2 and R5 as well as a nitrophenyl group attached to carbon R4. It differs from 2C-N structurally through a substitution on the amine (NH2) with a 2-methoxybenzyl (BOMe) group, which in turn increases potency about a hundred fold.
In terms of its pharmacology, 25N-NBOMe has efficacy at the 5-HT2A receptor where it is assumed to act as a partial agonist. However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the psychedelic experience continues to remain elusive. There is insufficient scientific research to determine this compound's true nature as the pharmacological properties of 25N-NBOMe have not been described in the literature but only in anecdotal reports. 25N-NBOMe has been sold as a street drug and has only been described in the literature in terms of identification by forensic analysis.
Download: 25NBOMe Safety Data Sheet
Common names 25N-NBOMe
Systematic name 2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine
Psychoactive class Psychedelic
Chemical class Phenethylamine
dosage table
Dosage guideline
Threshold < 100 µg
Light 100 – 300 µg
Common 300 – 800 µg
Strong 800 – 1300 μg
Heavy The NBOMe series can be fatal when insufflated.[4][5][6] It is strongly discouraged.
effect progress
Effect duration
Total 4 – 8 hours
Offset 2 – 3 hours
After effects 5 – 10 hours
25N-NBOMe or 2C-N-NBOMe is a serotonergic N-benzyl derivative of the substituted phenethylamine psychedelic known as 2C-N. It is a substituted phenethylamine with methoxy groups CH3O- attached to carbons R2 and R5 as well as a nitro group NO2– attached to carbon R4. It differs from 2C-N structurally through a substitution on the amine (NH2) with a 2-methoxybenzyl (BOMe) group as shown in the image to the right. 25N-NBOMe shares this 2-methoxybenzyl substitution with other chemicals of the NBOMe family. This NBOMe addition contains a methoxy ether CH3O- bound to a benzene ring at R2.
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 25N-NBOMe use have not been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because 25N-NBOMe is a research chemical with very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people within the psychonaut community who have tried 25N-NBOMe suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the drug by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).
Users should be very careful and consider that ingesting 2mg+ of NBOMe series chemicals have proven fatal in some cases. Although there are no reported deaths caused by 25N-NBOMe at this time, it is a rare research chemical with very little history of human usage and is therefore potentially fatal at heavy dosages.
It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this drug.
25N-NBOMe is not habit-forming and the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating.
Almost immediately after ingestion tolerance occurs, mainly to the effects of 25N-NBOMe. After that, it takes about 3 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 7 days to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 25N-NBOMe presents cross-tolerance with all psychedelics, meaning that after the consumption of 25N-NBOMe all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.
There is a extremely small margin between a normal dose or an overdose, because of the very high potency and seemingly unpredictable effects. Specifically NBOMe compounds are subject to this small margin. The exact toxic dose is unclear since it seems to depend a lot on personal physiology, rather than predominantly dosage, but various anecdotal reports suggest dangerous side effects start to show up when exceeding 1000 μg and it possibly becoming lethal for the more sensitive people at roughly 2000 μg. Reports of other people surviving much higher doses, sometimes even without any major side effects has been documented as well. There is also the uncertainty of dosage on blotter paper since it is rather difficult to lay such an exact dosage. Insufflating, vaporizing or drinking tinctures of this substance is highly discouraged because of this and has been tied to many documented deaths.
The overdose effects of NBOMes are typically a dangerously high heart rate, blood pressure, hyperthermia and significant vasoconstriction also accompanied by confusion, delusions, panic attacks, aggressive behavior, numbness or pain, amnesia and often seizures. The risks in an overdose include anything from organ failure to cardiac arrest and death. There are also multiple reports of people lethally injuring themselves or falling to death. Benzodiazepines or antipsychotics can help with the psychological effects during an overdose although medical attention should always be called in even a possible overdose of 25I-NBOMe.
What are NBOMes?
NBOMes is the name for a series of drugs that have hallucinogenic effects. Reports indicate that there are a number of different versions of NBOMe available – all with differing effects. Likewise, psychedelics change the way a person perceives the world and can affect all the senses, altering a person's thinking, sense of time and emotions.
NBOMes can be in the form of blotting paper (similar to LSD) with images and logos from popular culture, clear liquid, white powder or a pill. NBOMes have a very bitter taste whereas LSD has no taste.
Effects of NBOMes
To clarify:
There is no safe level of drug use. Use of any drug always carries some risk – even prescribed medications can produce unwanted side effects.
Low to moderate doses of NBOMes can produce effects that last between 4 – 10 hours.
NBOMes affects everyone differently, but reported effects have included:
seeing and hearing things that aren't there
feeling happy and relaxed
heightened senses (sight, hearing and touch)
increased sex drive
feelings of empathy
large pupils
small increase in heart rate.
If you take a large amount or have a strong batch, you might overdose. Because of that, you should call an ambulance straight away by dialling triple zero (000) if you have any of these symptoms (ambulance officers don't need to involve the police):
difficulty communicating
restless sleep and exhaustion
paranoia, fear and panic
agitation and aggression
spasms in the eye
rapid heart rate
blue fingers and toes
There have also been reports of deaths as a result of car accidents, suicide and drownings.
Using an NBOMe carries a high risk of overdose due to the small difference between the amount required to produce a high and that which causes overdose. Not knowing the amount contained in the tablet or blotter increases the risk of overdose as it's easy to take too much.
Taking an NBOMe with other drugs
The effects of mixing an NBOMe with other drugs, including alcohol, prescription medication and over-the-counter medicines are not known. However, reports of people attending emergency departments after taking an NBOMe demonstrate that alcohol and other drugs may contribute to overdose effects.
https://home-chemistry.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/25n-NBOMe-Test-Kit.mp4
5 Blotters, 15 Blotters, 25 Blotters, 50 Blotters, 125 Blotters
25B-NBOMe blotters 200 µg
4-HO-EPT crystals
25I-NBOH blotters 500 µg
25C-NBOMe blotters 300 µg
25I-NBOMe blotters 500 µg
4-HO-MPT crystals
4-AcO-DiPT crystals
1P-ETH-LAD blotters 60 µg

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


After staying in two four star hotel properties making our way down to Key West, my husband and I wanted an equal Key West style property for our one night here. We chose the Key Lime Inn property for it's charm and location. We were not disappointed!
The hotel was updated and clean and there was a lovely continental breakfast in the courtyard. Our only small complaint was the A/C in the room kicked on and off during the night and woke us up frequently. Not sure that anything can be done about this since it is a standalone unit, but thought it was worth mentioning. Thank you again. We will be back!


text:
Scholarly magazines
Mayhew, James (John) 1964-
Born March 7, 1964, in Stamford, Lincolnshire, England; son of John Byrne (an Air Force pilot) and Linda Georgina (a homemaker; maiden name, Leighton) Mayhew. Education: Attended Lowestoft School of Art, 1983-84; Maidstone College of Art, B.A. (first class honors), 1987. Religion: Church of England. Hobbies and other interests: Opera, theater, art, literature, collecting antique gramophones and 78 rpm records.
Home and office— The Lilac House, 11 Jackson St., Baldock, Hertfordshire SG7 5AQ, England. Agent— Caroline Walsh, David Highham Associates, 5-8 Lower John St., London W1F 9HA, England.
Author and illustrator of children's books, 1987—. Illustrator of jackets for adult books; painted murals in several schools and libraries in England; taught at Cambridge School of Art, Anglia Polytechnic University; author and artist in residence in several primary schools.
Awards, Honors
Ten Best Illustrated Children's Books citation, New York Times, 1994, for The Boy and the Cloth of Dreams.
SELF-ILLUSTRATED
Katie's Picture Show, Bantam (New York, NY), 1989.
Madame Nightingale Will Sing Tonight, Orchard Books (London, England), 1990, Bantam (New York, NY), 1991.
Katie & the Dinosaurs, Orchard Books (London, England), 1991, Bantam (New York, NY), 1992.
Dare You!, Orchard (London, England), 1992, Clarion (New York, NY), 1993.
Koshka's Tales: Stories from Russia, Kingfisher (New York, NY), 1993, published as The Kingfisher Book of Tales from Russia, Kingfisher (London, England), 2000.
Henrietta Branford, Royal Blunder and the Haunted House, Corgi (London, England), 1994.
Miranda the Castaway, Orion (London, England), 1996.
Shelley Silvertail the Mermaid, Orion (London, England), 1997.
Katie Meets the Impressionists, Orchard Books (London, England), 1997, Orchard Books (New York, NY), 1999.
Katie and the Mona Lisa, Orchard Books (London, England), 1998, Orchard Books (New York, NY), 1999.
Katie and the Sunflowers, Orchard Books (London, England), 2000, Orchard Books (New York, NY), 2001.
Miranda the Explorer: A Magical Round-the-World Adventure, Orion (London, England), 2002.
Secret in the Garden: A Peek-Through Book, Chicken House (London, England, and New York, NY), 2003.
Katie in London, Orchard Books (London, England), 2003.
Joyce Dunbar, Five Mice and the Moon, Orchard Books (London, England), 1990.
Sally Grindley, editor, The Cloth of Dreams (fairy tales), Little, Brown (Boston, MA), 1992.
Elisabeth Beresford, Lizzy's War, Simon & Schuster (London, England), 1993.
Joyce Dunbar, Mouse and Mole, Doubleday (London, England), 1993.
Joyce Dunbar, Mouse and Mole Have a Party, Doubleday (London, England), 1993.
Jenny Koralek, The Boy and the Cloth of Dreams, Candlewick Press (Cambridge, MA), 1994.
Josephine Poole, reteller, Pinocchio, Simon & Schuster (London, England), 1994.
June Counsel, Dragon in Top Class, Doubleday (London, England), 1994.
Anthony Masters, The Sea Horse, Macdonald Young Books (London, England), 1995.
James Berry, editor, Classic Poems to Read Aloud, Kingfisher (New York, NY), 1995.
Elisabeth Beresford, Lizzy Fights On, Macdonald Young Books (Hove, England), 1996.
Joyce Dunbar, A Very Special Mouse and Mole, Corgi (London, England), 1996.
Joyce Dunbar, Happy Days for Mouse and Mole, Corgi (London, England), 1996.
Beverley Birch, reteller, Shakespeare's Stories, Macdonald Young Books (Hove, England), 1997.
Alan Garner, Grey Wolf, Prince Jack, and the Firebird, Scholastic (London, England), 1998.
Ernst Hoffmann, The Nutcracker, adapted by David Clement-Davies, DK Publishing (New York, NY), 1999.
Shahrukh Husain, reteller, The Barefoot Book of Stories from the Opera, Barefoot Books (New York, NY), 1999.
Rachel Billington, Saint Francis of Assisi, Hodder (London, England), 1999.
Out of This World, Hodder (London, England), 2000.
Patrick Ryan, reteller, Shakespeare's Storybook: Folk Tales that Inspired the Bard, Barefoot Books (New York, NY), 2001.
William Shakespeare, To Sleep, Perchance to Dream: A Child's Book of Rhymes, Chicken House (New York, NY), 2001.
Also illustrator of concert programs for the Mariinsky Opera (formerly the Kirov Opera).
The "Mouse and Mole" series of books have been adapted as an animated television series.
James Mayhew once told SATA: "When I was at school, I was always being told to 'stop daydreaming!,' but now I'm a professional daydreamer. I not only have the fun of inventing stories for my own amusement, but I have the added pleasure of being able to share them with others."
One of these daydreams resulted in Mayhew's first children's book, Katie's Picture Show. This tale, which Mayhew both wrote and illustrated, follows a small, lively girl and her grandmother as they visit a London art gallery on a rainy afternoon. When Grandma sits down to rest, Katie continues to explore the gallery's wonders alone. To her surprise and amusement, she stumbles inside painting after painting. As a result, she enjoys a cup of tea with Ingres' Madame Moitessier,befriends the little girl in Renoir's Les Parapluies, explores Rousseau's Tropical Storm with a Tiger, and marvels at the contents of an abstract painting by Malevich before being rescued, finally, by a gallery guard.
A Junior Bookshelf contributor noted that Mayhew has found a "novel way of introducing young readers to the world of art." In fact, the author is delighted by the positive feedback he has received along these lines. "Hearing that a mother had her children begging to go to the Metropolitan Art Gallery after reading Katie's Picture Show makes everything worthwhile," Mayhew once said, "because I always feel I should have done better."
Katie returns to her museum adventures in several subsequent books, including Katie Meets the Impressionists and Katie and the Sunflowers. In the first book, as the title suggests, Katie stumbles through paintings by the great Impressionist painters Claude Monet, Pierre-August Renoir, and Edgar Degas, all the while trying to collect a bouquet of flowers to give to her Grandma for her birthday. She finally succeeds by dancing through Renoir's Her First Evening Out: the patrons throw enough flowers onto the stage after her performance to form a bouquet. In Katie and the Sunflowers, Mayhew moves on to the Postimpressionists, including Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, and Paul Cezanne. This time, Katie's motivation in traipsing through the paintings is to set things aright after accidentally knocking over van Gogh's vase of sunflowers. The blossoms are snatched up by the dog from Gauguin's Breton Girls, who then dashes into van Gogh's Cafe Terrace at Night. It's a "delightful romp through the world of art," Helen Rosenberg wrote in Booklist.
"I believe strongly that children's authors have an enormous responsibility," Mayhew continued. "Many children's books are insubstantial, safe, and unrealistically cozy. The idea of a 'fairy tale ending' is absurd." He followed this philosophy when writing Koshka's Tales: Stories from Russia, which Denise Anton Wright referred to in School Library Journal as "a new and vital interpretation of traditional Russian folklore." Of this work, Mayhew remarked, "In Koshka's Tales: Stories from Russia, based on authentic sources, ugly sisters are not forgiven and little mermaids do not marry heroes. I am sure that children need the full range of emotions and dramatic possibilities in their literature. Should they be protected from reality, even in the form of a metaphor? Certainly they should be given credit for the depth of their emotions at a very early age.
"To this end," Mayhew continued, "I wish to explore many more folk and fairy tales, preserving a more authentic folk lore tradition. These tales are so purposeful, full of instruction and wisdom, and should be respected." In School Librarian, Ralph Lavender called Koshka's Tales an "impressive book" which "deserves an honored place in any collection," while a Publishers Weekly contributor found it "vibrant and accessible."
Mayhew also enjoys writing new stories, particularly those based on memories of his childhood. One example is Dare You!, in which he once recalled "the weirdness of being downstairs at night when young." Of this story, in which a brother and sister decide to "play ghosts" when they cannot sleep, Deborah Stevenson declared in Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books that "Mayhew deftly captures the alienness of familiar surroundings in the night, while making it so alluring that young listeners will immediately plan their own evening exodus."
Another original book by Mayhew is Secret in the Garden: A Peek-Through Book. The book is inspired by Frances Hodgson Burnett's classic novel for older children, The Secret Garden, but Secret in the Garden is aimed at children too young for that book. In Secret in the Garden, Sophie is led on a mysterious treasure hunt by woodland creatures, beginning with a robin. She finds more and more items seemingly left behind by another little girl, and with each item, she informs her animal guide, "Somebody will be looking for this!" The clues are revealed through small holes cut in the pages which allow the reader to look through to the next page. Finally, at the end, Sophie finds the treasure: a new friend, Mary. The "exquisitely detailed, full-page illustrations" were praised by a Kirkus Reviews contributor and other critics. School Library Journal reviewer Wanda Meyers-Hines even termed them "breathtaking" and compared them to the works of Monet.
"I admire many writers and illustrators," Mayhew once told SATA. "Tove Jansson, creator of the Moomins, is an extraordinary writer. Her characters represent the entire range of odd relatives and friends found in every family. Indeed, her stories are in many ways more credibly realistic, because of their strangeness, than any number of books about humans. And her line drawings are small works of art." Other artists whose work Mayhew rushes out to buy include Arnold Lobel, Maurice Sendak, John Burningham, and Gennady Spirin.
"I work erratically and intensively," he once admitted. "I cannot decide whether I prefer to be writing or illustrating. I do think it is most important to want to be doing it. A lack of inspiration always shows up in the finished book." Mayhew also believes that it is very important to work with children as much as possible. "Their hopes and fears, and their often-bizarre logic are the keys to creating something they will use and enjoy," he commented. "I don't always succeed myself, but every experience is useful in this job. All things end up in the pool of raw materials which everyone has got: the imagination."
Biographical and Critical Sources
Mayhew, James, Secret in the Garden: A Peek-Through Book, Chicken House (London, England, and New York, NY), 2003.
Appraisal: Science Books for Young People, August, 1992, p. 25.
Booklist, August, 1992, Denia Hester, review of Katie and the Dinosaurs, p. 2018; October 15, 1993, Carolyn Phelan, review of Dare You!, p. 3981; January 1, 1994, Julie Corsaro, review of Koshka's Tales: Stories from Russia, p. 823; April 1, 1999, Ellen Mandel, review of Katie Meets the Impressionists, p. 1421; June 1, 2001, Helen Rosenberg, review of Katie and the Sunflowers, p. 1894; November 15, 2001, John Peters, review of Shakespeare's Storybook: Folk Tales That Inspired the Bard, p. 569.
Books, August, 1989, p. 12.
Books for Keeps, May, 1989, p. 29; May, 1994, p. 11.
Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books, September, 1993, Deborah Stevenson, review of Dare You!
Junior Bookshelf, December, 1989, review of Katie's Picture Show, p. 270; October, 1990, p. 222.
Kirkus Reviews, June 15, 1992, p. 787; January 15, 2003, review of Secret in the Garden: A Peek-Through Book, p. 143; September 1, 2003, review of Miranda the Explorer: A Magical Round-the-World Adventure, p. 1128.
Library Talk, January, 1992, p. 28.
New York Times Book Review, November 6, 1994, review of The Boy and the Cloth of Dreams, p. 32.
Parabola, spring, 1995, Martha Heyneman, review of The Boy and the Cloth of Dreams, pp. 106-107.
Publishers Weekly, November 1, 1993, review of Koshka's Tales, p. 79; February 1, 1999, review of Katie Meets the Impressionists, p. 83; June 4, 2001, review of Katie and the Sunflowers, p. 82; August 20, 2001, review of Shakespeare's Storybook, p. 82; February 3, 2003, review of Secret in the Garden, p. 78.
Reading Teacher, March, 1992, p. 538.
School Arts, September, 1999, Ken Marantz, review of Katie Meets the Impressionists, p. 48; March, 2002, Ken Marantz, review of Katie and the Sunflowers, p. 52.
School Librarian, November, 1989, pp. 149-150; November, 1990, p. 141; August, 1991, p. 100; February, 1994, Ralph Lavender, review of Koshka's Tales, p. 23.
School Library Journal, September, 1991, Denise Krell, review of Madame Nightingale Will Sing Tonight, p. 238; January, 1993, Anna DeWind, review of Katie and the Dinosaurs, p. 82; November, 1993, Kathy Piehl, review of Dare You!, pp. 86-87; January, 1994, Denise Anton Wright, review of Koshka's Tales, p. 108; October, 1994, George Delalis, review of The Boy and the Cloth of Dreams, p. 92; March, 1999, Rosalyn Pierini, review of Katie Meets the Impressionists, p. 181; October, 1999, Shirley Wilton, review of The Barefoot Book of Stories from the Opera, p. 170; December, 1999, Kathleen Simonetta, review of Katie and the Mona Lisa, pp. 104-105; July, 2001, Carolyn Jenks, review of Katie and the Sunflowers, p. 85; January, 2002, Margaret Bush, review of Shakespeare's Storybook, pp. 166-167; March, 2003, Wanda Meyers-Hines, review of Secret in the Garden, p. 199.
Times Educational Supplement, March 11, 1994, James Riordan, review of Koshka's Tales, p. A13.
Watts Publishing Group, http://www.wattspublishing.co.uk/ (November 11, 2003), "Author Information: James Mayhew."*
Something About the Author
"Mayhew, James (John) 1964- ." Something About the Author. . Encyclopedia.com. 15 Jan. 2021 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.
"Mayhew, James (John) 1964- ." Something About the Author. . Encyclopedia.com. (January 15, 2021). https://www.encyclopedia.com/children/scholarly-magazines/mayhew-james-john-1964
"Mayhew, James (John) 1964- ." Something About the Author. . Retrieved January 15, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/children/scholarly-magazines/mayhew-james-john-1964
Alan Marks , Marks, Alan 1957– Personal Born October 19, 1957, in London, England; married Jenny Walker (a psychologist); children: Charlotte, Elisabeth. Educatio… Neal Layton , Layton, Neal 1971– (Neal Andrew Layton) Personal Born December 19, 1971, in Chichester, England; married; wife an artist. Education: University of No… Reeve, Rosie , Reeve, Rosie Personal Born in England. Addresses Home—London, England. Career Illustrator and writer. Writings SELF-ILLUSTRATED Cuddle up Tight, Macm… Sue Heap , Heap, Sue 1954– Heap, Sue 1954– Personal Born 1954, in Hampshire, England. Hobbies and other interests: Riding motorcycles, travel. Addresses Home—En… Anne Fine , Personal Born December 7, 1947, in Leicester, England; daughter of Brian (a chief scientific experimental officer) and Mary Laker; married Kit Fine (… Terry Pratchett , Pratchett, Terry 1948– (Terence David John Pratchett) Personal Born Terence David John Pratchett, April 28, 1948, in Beaconsfield, England; son of Da…
Grindley, (Jane) Sally 1953-
Laird, Elizabeth
LAIRD, Elizabeth (Mary Risk) 1943-
Riddell, Chris 1962–
Brandreth, Gyles 1948–
Gardner, Sally
Foreman, Michael 1938-
Foreman, Michael 1938–
Mayhew, David Raymond
Mayhar, Ardath (Hurst)
Mayhar, Ardath (1930–)
mayhap
Mayfreda de Pirovano (d. 1300)
Mayflower: The Pilgrims' Adventure
Mayflower Madam
Mayflower Group Inc.
Mayflies: Ephemeroptera
Mayfield, Terry L. 1953-
Mayfield, Terry L.
Mayfield, Sue 1963–
Mayfield, Percy (1920-1984)
Mayfield, Julian
Mayfield, Curtis (1942—)
Mayfield Dairy Farms, Inc.
Mayfair, Mitzi (1914–1976)
Mayes, Linda C(arol) 1951-
Mayes, Lee R.
Mayes, Frances
Mayerson, Keith 1966-
Mayers, Jamal 1974–
Mayers, David (Allan)
Mayerling 1968
Mayhew, Kate (1853–1944)
Mayhew, Margaret 1936-
Mayhew, Richard 1924–
Mayhew, Robert 1960-
mayieritsa
Mayim Aḥaronim
Maykapar, Samuil Moyseyevich
Mayland Community College: Narrative Description
Mayland Community College: Tabular Data
Mayle, Peter 1939–
Maymeran
mayn't
Maynard Holbrook Jackson Jr
Maynard, Christopher
Maynard, Don
Maynard, Don(ald) Rogers
Maynard, Fredelle Bruser
Maynard, Geoffrey (Walter)
Maynard, George Willoughby
Maynard, Henrietta Sturdevant (1841-1892)
Maynard, Isabelle
Maynard, John
Maynard, Joyce
Maynard, Joyce 1953–


My two guest lectures on organic chemistry for the NANO 101 class at the University of California San Diego are available on YouTube.
Class 1: Electronegativity, bonding, acid-base, resonance.
Class 2: Resonance, notation, Lewis acid/base, chirality, solvents.
The 2018 AWIS-San Diego Career Conference was a great success! It brought together 100 young women from high schools and community colleges in the San Diego area to learn about careers in STEM. This event would not have been possible without the 80 volunteers, mentors, panelists and organizers. Thank you! Below are some of the panelists from the Career Workshop I organized. Stay tuned to volunteer for the 2019 edition!
How to Solve a Mystery Using Science?
On Saturday, October 28, the 30th Annual Chem Expo was hosted for the third year in a row by San Diego Miramar College. The beautiful and inspiring campus welcomed hundreds of middle and high school students. More than 20 booths from local scientific companies, non-profit organizations, and universities were set-up to promote this year's central theme: Chemistry Rocks! The American Chemical Society celebrates National Chemistry Week by organizing the Chem Expo to showcase how chemistry is applied at work and in everyday life by holding hands-on demonstrations.
AWIS-SD did not miss this opportunity to share some fun chemistry with the local community. Volunteers at the AWIS-SD booth offered students the opportunity to solve a "crime" using science. Students were given both a mystery liquid and solid that had been left at the "crime scene" with the goal of identifying the mystery compounds. The students performed a series of experiments including the analysis of pH, the determination of starch content using Lugol's Iodine test, the observation of solubility, and the reactivity of solids in vinegar. Through these basic chemical tests, they scientifically determined the identity of the mystery compounds.
AWIS-SD booth at the ChemExpo 2017.
The organizers of the AWIS-SD Outreach booth, Anita Pottekat and Laure Kayser, wish to thank the wonderful volunteers, without whom this event would not have been such a success: Melba Nuzen, Kamala Janiyani, Carlos Avila, Isabela Avila, Cyrus Rustomji, Jennifer Ngolab, Sue Lowery, William Strube, Bridget Kohlnhofer, Diane Retallack and all the student and staff volunteers from Miramar College. We also wish to acknowledge the American Chemical Society and Paul Bruinsma for organizing Chem Expo. We are already looking forward to next year's event!


It's not likely someone will play this tune in a key other than the way Flatt & Scruggs recorded it, but you never know. Always be prepared.
This is a really fun tune to play because the chord changes are so unique. Earl does a great job interpreting the melody in this arrangement of Don't Let Your Deal Go Down.
This melodic arrangement of Don't Let Your Deal Go Down focuses heavily on scale patterns. Listen to how the banjo fluidly moves from one chord to another using these patterns.
This is an example of exactly what Earl Scruggs would play. The chords are a little strange for bluegrass, but are fun to improvise over.
Here are 4 killer arrangements of Don't Let Your Deal Go Down for you to share with friends at your next jam. The Scruggs style arrangement will get you started learning slides, hammer-ons, and pull-offs. Once you're feeling confident with that try your luck with the Melodic style solo, which will teach you how to play the melody for Don't Let Your Deal Go Down using up the neck scales. Finally, the Backup arrangement will show you how to play this song with others and sound like a pro doing it.
There are many Scruggs, melodic and bluesy licks in these three banjo Don't Let Your Deal Go Down tablatures, which can be used to personalize each arrangement into your liking. To change measure into different arrangement, just click on the "Original Measure" text above the measure and select a different lick. You can also click the "Shuffle licks" button at the bottom of the page to randomly change all of the licks in the tablature and create a wholly unique arrangement of this song.
Tunefox also features useful tools that will help you learn this arrangement of Don't Let Your Deal Go Down. If you select the "Tools" option in the bottom bar you'll see "Hide Notes", "Memory Train", and "Speed Up" features. Hide notes will help you train your ears by hiding some of the notes on the page for you to figure out as opposed to looking at the tab. "Memory Train" will help you retain the melody of the song by gradually hiding notes so you can rely on your ears more for memorization. Finally, the "Speed Up" tool will automatically increase the playback speed each time a measure or the song loops.
Using backing tracks for practice should be an essential part of every musician's routine. With Tunefox, you can practice Don't Let Your Deal Go Down as fast or as slow as you want and mix the volume of the tracks with the instrument to your liking. There's also a metronome so you can always feel the pulse of the song with or without the band track playing along.
When you've finished creating your arrangement of Don't Let Your Deal Go Down, export your song arrangement to PDF file. This feature is for members of Tunefox, only.


Menissez is committed through a charter to a policy of sustainable development with respect for people and the earth.
As an ICPE (facility classified for environmental protection), our industrial bakery undergoes very regular internal and external inspections.
Our process water is pre-treated at a wastewater treatment plant before it is discharged.
Our waste is managed in a smart, innovative way; 90% of it is recycled.
Energy is often recovered and reused.


The body has a tremendous capacity for healing itself. For this process to function correctly, the body, mind and spirit have to be prepared to allow the body to heal itself. This inner healer exists in all of us, and merely needs to be unleashed. In Western modalities of healing, we are generally taught to view healing as an external, which is to say a physical, process. Internal aspects–the spiritual and psychosomatic dimensions–are often underutilized when we seek healing through the artifice of medical authority alone, as this authority in itself may instruct, but cannot heal. The only way to heal yourself is to discover the healer inside. Healing does not take place through a single event, or modality – it is a fully holistic experience – supporting the process of change.


I hope you enjoy each articles or give me comments or other reaction (click bookmark bottan or something like that), which would be big glad for me as well. Let's share a good music and movie life!
*I write each articles mainly in Japanese and also put a short sentense in English after my native language. My job sometimes demands me to use English so I decide to practice it in every situation I got, and this blog is one of those.