text:
Michigan at Iowa - 1/12/23 College Basketball Picks and Prediction
Home COLLEGE-BASKETBALL Picks
Shane Mickle January 11, 2023 7:49 pm
Iowa Hawkeyes (10-6) vs Michigan Wolverines (9-6)
Game Info: Thursday, January 12, 2023 at 7:00 pm (Carver-Hawkeye Arena)
Betting Odds: Iowa Hawkeyes -3 -- Over/Under: 157 Click Here for the Latest Odds
Where to Watch: ESPN2 Stream College Basketball all season on ESPN+. Sign up now!
The Michigan Wolverines and Iowa Hawkeyes face off on Thursday in a college basketball showdown at Caver-Hawkeye Arena. In the last game between these two teams, it was Iowa that secured the 82-71 victory.
Michigan comes into this game with a 9-6 record overall and they have gone 8-7 against the spread. The name of the game has been inconsistent and they are coming off another loss in the last game. The offense only managed 53 points against Michigan State and that led to the defeat. Michigan is averaging 74.9 points while their defense is giving up 68.7 points per game. Center Hunter Dickinson is averaging 18.7 points while shooting 56.7 percent from the field and 37.5 percent from behind the three point line.
On the other side of this matchup is Iowa who sits with a 10-6 record overall and they have gone 9-7 against the spread. In the last game against Rutgers, Iowa scored 76 points and that was enough to win by 11 points. Iowa is averaging 81.4 points while their defense is giving up 72.1 points per game. This is a team that wants to push the pace and there is no doubt they are going to try to push the pace here again. Patrick McCaffrey is still away from the team and won't be here. Kris Murray is averaging 20.9 points while shooting 52.2 percent from the field and 38.7 percent from behind the three point line.
Iowa is 1-4 against the spread in their last five games following an against the spread win. The over is 6-1 in Iowa's last seven games overall. The over is 4-1 in Iowa's last five home games against a team with a road winning percentage of less than .400.
There is going to be no shortage of scoring in this game. Iowa is averaging 81.4 points per game and they are going to find the offensive success again. I expect Michigan is also going to run up the score, and that will lead to this game being a shootout. This game is going to go well over the total. Back the over.
Shane's Pick Over
Minnesota at Ohio State - 1/12/23 College Basketball Picks and Prediction
Western Illinois at Oral Roberts - 1/12/23 College Basketball Picks and Prediction


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Q: Link annotation to Model Array Basically I use a (model) array containing an array of places objects. For each place object I have various properties such as latitude, longitude, place name, place description etc.
I can place annotations where the places are. However when a user clicks on the right call out disclosure button I want them to segue to another view controller. Now I know how to do that.
The serious problem I am having is that I am unable to link the clicked annotation with my model array. In my next view controller I shall display all of the place info, but I can not discover which annotation has been clicked.
Think of a tableview which has index path.row, I need something similar to discover the right annotation.
Thanks.
    -(void)setMapAnnotations
{
    //Create the region - N.B - part of the map you wish to show
    MKCoordinateRegion dealMapRegion;

    //Center - N.B - The exact center of the region.
    CLLocationCoordinate2D center;
    center.latitude = 51.481623;
    center.longitude = -0.18519;

    //Span
    MKCoordinateSpan span;
    span.latitudeDelta = THE_SPAN;
    span.longitudeDelta = THE_SPAN;

    dealMapRegion.center = center;
    dealMapRegion.span = span;

    [self.dealMapMapView setRegion:dealMapRegion animated:YES];

    //array to hold places
    NSMutableArray *placeLocations = [[NSMutableArray alloc]init];
    CLLocationCoordinate2D location;

    //After region has been set you need to populate the annotations
    for (DealListModel *dealLstObj in self.dealMapModelArray) {
        //Get the place from the model objects stored in the model array
        PlaceDealAnnotation *placeAnnontation = [[PlaceDealAnnotation alloc]init];
        double tempPlaceLatitude = [dealLstObj.placeLatitude doubleValue];
        double tempPlaceLongitude = [dealLstObj.placeLongitude doubleValue];

        location.latitude = tempPlaceLatitude;
        location.longitude = tempPlaceLongitude;
        placeAnnontation.coordinate = location;
        placeAnnontation.title = dealLstObj.placeDescription;
        //adding array of locations map
        [placeLocations addObject:placeAnnontation];
    }

    [self.dealMapMapView addAnnotations:placeLocations];

}//end of setMapAnnotations

-(MKAnnotationView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForAnnotation:(id<MKAnnotation>)annotation
{

    if ([annotation isKindOfClass:[MKUserLocation class]])
        return nil;

    NSString *annotationIdentifier = @"CustomViewAnnontation";

    DealMapCustomAnnotationView *customAnnotationView = (DealMapCustomAnnotationView *) [self.dealMapMapView dequeueReusableAnnotationViewWithIdentifier:annotationIdentifier];

    if (!customAnnotationView) {
        customAnnotationView = [[DealMapCustomAnnotationView alloc]initWithAnnotationwithImage:annotation reuseIdentifier:annotationIdentifier annotationViewImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"pin.png"]];

        customAnnotationView.canShowCallout = YES;
        customAnnotationView.rightCalloutAccessoryView = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeDetailDisclosure];
    }

    return customAnnotationView;

}

- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView annotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view calloutAccessoryControlTapped:(UIControl *)control
{
    [self performSegueWithIdentifier:@"mapPlaceSegue" sender:view];
}

A: Many solutions to associate annotation whit Model Array.
The below solution is what i uesd:
1.add int variable "tag" in your PlaceDealAnnotation
@property (nonatomic, assign) int tag;

2.change the "for cycle" in setMapAnnotations: method
//After region has been set you need to populate the annotations
for (int tag = 0; tag < [self.dealMapModelArray count]; tag++) {
    //Get the place from the model objects stored in the model array
    DealListModel *dealLstObj = [self.dealMapModelArray objectAtIndex:tag];
    PlaceDealAnnotation *placeAnnontation = [[PlaceDealAnnotation alloc]init];
    double tempPlaceLatitude = [dealLstObj.placeLatitude doubleValue];
    double tempPlaceLongitude = [dealLstObj.placeLongitude doubleValue];
    //set tag here
    placeAnnontation.tag = tag;
    location.latitude = tempPlaceLatitude;
    location.longitude = tempPlaceLongitude;
    placeAnnontation.coordinate = location;
    placeAnnontation.title = dealLstObj.placeDescription;
    //adding array of locations map
    [placeLocations addObject:placeAnnontation];
}

3.implement the following mapView's delegate method:
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView annotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view calloutAccessoryControlTapped:(UIControl *)control
{
     PlaceDealAnnotation * annotation = [view annotation];
     int tag = annotation.tag;
     //get the model your want here
     DealListModel *targetModel = [self.dealMapModelArray objectAtIndex:tag];
     //go to the next view controller here
}

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text:
606 Digital Media Staff
Shawanna White; Completes 15 Marathons, All under 3 hours
Columbia runner Shawanna White recently became the first to complete 15 marathons, each in under three hours.
Shawanna has been training for 15 years and her best time sits at 2:45:19 for 26.2 miles.
She first started running in high school as a sophomore.
"My high school coach asked me if I wanted to come out for the track team, and I told him all he had to do was ask my grandmother."
She continued her studies at the University of West Georgia, where she ran on their track and cross country teams.
After college, she says she took about four years off from running.
"I was burned out," White said. "I just lost my passion for running."
She began working as a P.E. teacher, as well as a coach. White says it was her students that inspired her to get back into running.
"I really wasn't living up to my standards as a P.E. teacher. "I saw how hard the kids that I coachwork and they were so excited about their goals and it just really made me miss running," White said.
She got back into training, running every day, to keep working on a goal she's had since high school.
"I stated to my coach that I wanted to go to the Olympics," White said.
Winning multiple races, and most recently claiming the title as "the first African American female runner to run 15 marathons under three hours," she said. "It's an honor to be able to do that, and I just hope that I inspire more African American ladies to get out there and run."
It didn't come easy, and five years ago, it seemed even more far-fetched.
"In 2013, I had to have hip surgery because my hip is not shaped correctly. So I had to have major surgery and that took me out from running for a couple of months," White said. "It was really a long road just to get back to where I was. I had to start back over with just walking and it was really hard because at some points I didn't know if I was going to get back to that level."
The determination was always there. She worked to retrain her body.
"It requires a lot of miles, it requires a lot of early mornings, some doubles for me so that means sometimes I have to run before work and after work," White said.
As she accomplishes one goal, she says there's always another to chase.
"The next Olympics is in 2020 and it's in my hometown of Atlanta, I really want to make it there," White said.
In order to qualify for a trial at the Olympics, her run time must be 2:45 flat. White is 19 seconds away.
"If I can achieve that time, that is my Olympics, just being able to make it to that start line," White said.
White tells WIS her long term goal is to run a marathon in 2 hours and 34 minutes and to eventually become the fastest African American female runner in the United States.
TONY KHAN AGREES!!! There are reasons to Block Superstars From Third Party Platforms.
WWE champions Seth Rollins, Becky Lynch announce engagement on social media
Patriots' Patrick Chung Indicted on Cocaine Possession; Arraignment in August
Chicago, IL. United States
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Local leaders will participate in a Trayvon Martin Community Forum on Thursday organized by the Daytona Beach Black Clergy Alliance and NAACP at the Greater Friendship Baptist Church.
DAYTONA BEACH — Local leaders will participate in a Trayvon Martin Community Forum on Thursday organized by the Daytona Beach Black Clergy Alliance and NAACP at the Greater Friendship Baptist Church.
Included in the panel are Daytona Beach Mayor Derrick Henry, Daytona Beach Police Chief Mike Chitwood, local NAACP president Cynthia Slater, NAACP member Thaddeus Collins, president of the Daytona Beach Black Clergy Alliance Rev. L. Ronald Durham and Daytona Times writer James Harper.
The panel will be moderated by Claudette McFadden, associate provost in the office of the president of Bethune-Cookman University.
Greater Friendship Baptist Church is at 539 George W. Engram Blvd. The forum will start at 6:30 p.m.


If you're working to replace your file server with Google Drive, let us help! Google incentivizes us to help organizations of all shapes and sizes often at no cost to you.
If you have the Google Drive File Stream application installed on your computer, this saves you time, but also means that any infected files may be uploaded to the cloud before you have the chance to stop it. As soon as the files are encrypted, the encrypted version is uploaded to the cloud and replaces the older one. Google Drive does automatically keep a version of the file but the restoration process can be tedious - especially for larger domains.
How can a User get infected by Ransomware?
The Restore-In-Time Machine service (Version control) is invaluable for users infected by ransomware. This feature means that a whole snapshot of your account is created with every automated or manual backup. You don't need to monotonously select the required version for all your items - the system will do it for you. The latest snapshot before your account has been infected will be automatically restored with the same folder structure.
If you're working to replace your file server with Google Drive, let us help! Google incentives us to help organizations of all shapes and sizes often at no cost to you.


text:
Le Hollandais volant, parfois appelé dans le passé le « Voltigeur hollandais », est le plus célèbre des vaisseaux fantômes. Ce mythe a souvent été utilisé par les écrivains dans des récits d'aventure. Il est également connu sous le nom allemand , ce dernier étant par ailleurs le titre original d'un opéra de Richard Wagner.

Histoire

Origines

Il est souvent très difficile de remonter aux faits qui sont à l'origine d'une légende. Dans le cas du Hollandais volant, il pourrait s'agir des exploits d'un capitaine hollandais au cours du  nommé Bernard (ou Barend) Fokke. Employé par la Compagnie néerlandaise des Indes orientales, il était connu pour effectuer, avec une rapidité surprenante pour l'époque, les trajets entre l'Europe et l'Asie : seulement trois mois et quatre jours en 1678, pour rejoindre l'île de Java en partant des Provinces-Unies. La rumeur attribua ces performances inhabituelles (il  sur l'eau) à l'assistance du diable. En outre Fokke était, paraît-il, extrêmement laid, ce qui ajoutait à la crédibilité d'un pacte diabolique.

Lors d'une expédition, il disparut avec son bâtiment sans laisser de traces et, quand la légende du fameux Hollandais volant se développa, on lui en attribua le commandement. Selon d'autres sources, le capitaine s'appellerait Van der Decken, avec une orthographe et un prénom variant suivant les versions. En fait, nul ne semble savoir exactement où et quand la légende naquit, mais ses racines sont sûrement assez anciennes.

Légende originale

Il semble que la première allusion à la légende soit publiée en 1790 dans un récit de voyages en mer par l'Écossais John MacDonald : Travels in various part of Europe, Asia and Africa during a serie of thirty years and upward.

Un autre récit est fait par l'anglais George Barrington : A Voyage to Botany Bay publié en 1795. Il y est fait état d'une croyance superstitieuse propagée par les marins à la suite du naufrage d'un vaisseau de guerre hollandais durant une tempête, vaisseau qui serait par la suite brièvement apparu sous une forme fantomatique à son ancien bâtiment d'accompagnement.

Mais il faut attendre 1821 pour voir publier une version écrite détaillée de la légende dans un journal britannique. Ce qui parait en être la première version française a été publiée par Auguste Jal en 1832. Elle peut être résumée de la façon suivante :

Un navire hollandais est pris dans une violente tempête alors qu'il tente de franchir le cap de Bonne-Espérance. L'équipage supplie le capitaine de chercher un abri mais il refuse et s'enferme dans sa cabine pour fumer et boire. La tempête s'aggravant encore, le capitaine défie le ciel de couler le navire. Une forme lumineuse se matérialise à bord du bâtiment devant l'équipage terrorisé. Le capitaine injurie alors l'apparition, braque sur elle un pistolet et tire, mais l'arme lui explose dans la main. Une voix s'élève alors pour lui déclarer : . Cette légende inspira, en 1834, une nouvelle au poète allemand Heinrich Heine : les Mémoires de Monsieur de Schnabelewopski qui, mêlée à d'autres éléments de la légende, servit de thème au livret de l'opéra de Richard Wagner créé en 1843.

Autres versions de la légende

Il existe un grand nombre de versions de cette légende, chacune comportant des variantes. Il reste toutefois deux constantes : le navire est hollandais et les événements (comme d'ailleurs la plupart des apparitions futures) se déroulent aux alentours du cap de Bonne-Espérance. Un très grand navire serait parti, en 1680, du port d'Amsterdam à destination de Batavia (l'actuelle Jakarta), commandé par un capitaine peu honnête qui profitait du voyage pour faire de la contrebande. Le navire fut intercepté par le diable au cours d'une terrible tempête et sombra avec ses marchandises et tout son équipage. Toutefois le navire réapparut ensuite, piloté par les fantômes de son équipage. Dans une autre version, le capitaine fut maudit pour avoir appareillé un Vendredi saint. Ou encore le capitaine de ce brick fut assassiné par son équipage qu'il parvint à maudire avant de mourir. Peu de temps après, la peste se déclara à bord et le navire fut rejeté de tous les ports où il tenta d'accoster, par peur de la contagion. Il commença alors à errer sans fin sur les mers. C'est aussi parfois des actes de piraterie et de cruauté de l'équipage qui sont la cause de sa malédiction.

Le parc d'attractions d'Efteling aux Pays-Bas donne sa propre version pour expliquer le thème de son manège De Vliegende Hollander : Le capitaine Willem van der Decken commande le navire Hollander. Il est riche et puissant ce qui ne l'empêche pas d'être un terrible pirate. En 1678, il décide d'appareiller vers les Indes, un Vendredi saint, malgré une terrible tempête. Il fait alors cette proclamation qui lui vaudra la damnation éternelle :

En 1839, l'écrivain Frederick Marryat, lui-même ancien marin, a publié un long roman ayant pour titre The Phantom Ship. Le héros principal, Philippe Vanderdecken, fils du capitaine du navire maudit, embarque en tant qu'officier à bord du Ter Schilling. Lorsque le navire approche du cap de Bonne-Espérance, il fait une sinistre rencontre :

Avec la publication de ce roman, la légende du brick maudit, qui était déjà colportée dans tous les ports depuis au moins deux siècles, prit un essor si considérable qu'elle devint l'un des thèmes classiques de la littérature maritime.

Témoignage princier

Le jeune duc d'York, futur roi d'Angleterre sous le nom de George V, a servi dans la marine britannique jusqu'en 1891. Lors de l'un de ses nombreux voyages il s'est trouvé, en compagnie de son frère le prince Albert Victor, à bord du navire-école La Bacchante qui faisait route vers Sydney en Australie. Le , alors que le bateau naviguait dans les eaux australiennes, il eut la vision d'un vaisseau fantôme identifié comme étant le Hollandais volant. Il nota dans son carnet de route :

Par ailleurs, le matelot de vigie qui était en haut du grand mât tomba et se tua sur le coup. La mort accidentelle d'un membre d'équipage pouvant être embarrassante pour le capitaine, l'écrivain Xavier Yvanoff suggère qu'en fait, cette brève apparition était aussi une justification providentielle de ce dramatique accident.

Persistance de la légende
La légende a marqué durablement les esprits. En 1882, Jean-Léon Soubeiran écrivait, parlant de la géographie des côtes du sud de l'Afrique :

En 1939, un bateau semblable fut vu par une douzaine de personnes qui se baignaient à Glencairn beach, une plage d'Afrique du Sud, au sud-est du Cap. Le navire, qui avait toutes ses voiles gonflées, a traversé la mer à vive allure bien qu'il n'y eût pas la moindre brise.

Le Hollandais volant dans la culture populaire
La légende du Hollandais volant se confond avec celle, plus vaste, des vaisseaux fantômes, dont il est l'exemple le plus célèbre. Ce thème a donné naissance à une très grande quantité d'œuvres de toutes natures, dont une liste, non exhaustive, figure ici. La représentation du Hollandais volant y est fréquemment très éloignée de la légende originelle.

Littérature
Victor Hugo y fait allusion dans un des poèmes de La Légende des siècles :
C'est le Hollandais, la barque
Que le doigt flamboyant marque !
L'esquif puni !
C'est la voile scélérate !
C'est le sinistre pirate
De l'infini.

Pierre Mac Orlan, dans son roman Les Clients du Bon Chien jaune paru en 1926, imagine des pirates qui déguisent leur bateau en Hollandais volant.

F. Richard-Bessière, dans son roman de science-fiction Le Vaisseau de l'ailleurs paru en 1972, met en scène le Hollandais volant.

Edgar Allan Poe évoque, dans le dixième chapitre de son roman Les Aventures d'Arthur Gordon Pym publié en 1838, la rencontre avec un brick hollandais abandonné peuplé de cadavres. Il ne mentionne pas explicitement le Hollandais Volant, mais l'allusion est évidente.

Dans le « Lexique de l'Imperium » figurant à la fin de Dune, Frank Herbert fait figurer :

Irène Frain rapporte une version de la légende du « Voltigeur hollandais » dans ses Contes du cheval bleu les jours de grand vent, parus en 1980.

Evelyne Brisou-Pellen, dans le  de sa saga Le Manoir paru en 2015, évoque le Hollandais Volant et son équipage en tant qu'antagonistes.

Films
 Pandora (), est un film réalisé par Albert Lewin en 1951 qui réactualise le mythe du Hollandais volant.

 Pirates des Caraïbes : les films de la saga Pirates des Caraïbes, débutée en 2003, proposent une version très différente de la légende traditionnelle, dont il ne subsiste que l'essentiel, à savoir un bateau fantôme maudit peuplé de morts et de damnés.
 Dans le film de 2006, le Hollandais volant est un navire créé par la déesse Calypso, destiné à être le bateau du pirate Davy Jones avec pour mission de conduire au bout du monde, pendant dix années, les âmes des marins morts en mer ; en échange de quoi elle lui accordait l'immortalité.
 Au bout de dix ans, l'infidèle Calypso ne venant pas au rendez-vous de l'homme qui l'aimait et Davy Jones refusant de poursuivre sa mission, il s'arracha le cœur pour mettre fin à ses tourments amoureux, et le mit dans un coffre qui fut enterré sur l'île des quatre vents. Une malédiction s'abattit alors sur lui, le transformant, lui et son équipage, en créatures marines.
 Davy Jones fut en outre séparé en deux personnages : le capitaine du Hollandais volant, mais aussi le terrible Kraken. Le navire fut également transformé en un organisme capable de plonger sous les eaux qui ne peut vivre sans son capitaine. Le , une réplique grandeur nature du bateau est installée dans le lagon de Castaway Cay, une île privée des Bahamas desservie par la Disney Cruise Line.

Télévision
 Dans la série d'animation Bob l'éponge, créée en 1999, le Hollandais volant fait plusieurs apparitions.
 Dans l'épisode Le Bateau de la malédiction de la Série Xena, la guerrière.

Bande dessinée
 Dans son manga One Piece, Eiichiro Oda introduit le Hollandais volant dans le chapitre 606  et les épisodes 525 et 526. Le bateau et son équipage se trouvent à plusieurs milliers de mètres au fond de l'océan, et sont confrontés aux compagnons de Monkey D. Luffy.
Dans le manga Soul Eater de Atsushi Ōkubo, on aperçoit l'apparition du Hollandais volant quand Death the Kid poursuit Crona. Le capitaine du bateau qui est aussi le bateau possède plusieurs âmes humaines qu'il a capturées.
 Le Hollandais volant fait une apparition dans le comic The Silver Surfer #8 en , dans l'épisode intitulé .
 Le Hollandais volant apparaît dans la première partie de la série De cape et de crocs (dans les tomes Pavillon noir ! et L'Archipel du danger) sous la forme d'un vaisseau fantôme peuplé de squelettes, que les héros vont utiliser pour faire face aux pirates à la recherche des Îles Tangerines.
 Dans une aventure de Picsou, Le trésor du Hollandais volant, publiée par Carl Barks en 1959, Picsou découvre dans des archives que le Hollandais volant était chargé de lingots d'or. Il part à sa recherche accompagné de Donald et de ses neveux. Au fil des parutions françaises, le titre original anglais, The Flying Dutchman, a été aussi traduit par Le vaisseau fantôme d'Oncle Picsou et Le Hollandais volant.
 Il apparaît dans un album pour enfant, Robin et les Pirates, illustré par Adelchi Galloni, sur un texte d'Ermanno Libenzi, publié chez Fernand Nathan, en 1974.
 Dans l'album Petit vampire va à l'école de Joann Sfar (1999), le capitaine des morts se présente comme le capitaine du hollandais volant (planche 20).

Musique
 En 1843, Richard Wagner composa le célèbre opéra : Der Fliegende Holländer.
 Dans son album concept  (2010), le groupe Carach Angren raconte la légende du Hollandais volant.
 Dans son album Hip hip hip... pirates! (2017), le chanteur Gérard Delahaye créé une chanson sur ce thème, Le Hollandais Volant.
 The Jolly Rogers,un groupe Shanti, a capella, chanson a boire et pirate, relate l'histoire d'un équipage ayant croisé le Hollandais volant dans la chanson The Flying Dutchman parue en 2016 sur l'album XXV.
 L'album Stormwatch (1979) du groupe de rock britannique Jethro Tull contient le morceau The Flying Dutchman.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 Augustin Jal, Scènes de la vie maritime, Charles Gosselin, Paris, 1832
 H. Garnier, Six semaines dans un phare, Théodore Lefèvre, Paris, 1862

 John Harris, Les vaisseaux fantômes, Presses de la Cité, 1983,
 Collectif, Les lieux hantés, Éditions Time-Life, Amsterdam, 1989
 Daniel Cohen, Encyclopédie des fantômes, Robert Laffont, 1991,
 Frederick Marryat, Le Vaisseau Fantôme, postface et dossier de Claude Compté, collection Merveilleux, José Corti, 1998 (EO 1853),
 Jean-Paul Ronecker, Les annales du mystère, JMG, 2000,
 Sylvie Simon, Phénomènes étranges du surnaturel, Grancher, 2001,
 Xavier Yvanoff, Histoire de revenants - Les temps modernes, JMG, 2007,

Articles connexes
 Vaisseau fantôme
 De Vliegende Hollander (Efteling)
 Le Vaisseau fantôme (opéra)
 Les Naufragés du Hollandais volant

Liens externes

 Le Hollandais volant dans "Gatsby marine"
 Le mystère du Hollandais volant sur Arte
 Vaisseau Fantome "Le mystère du Hollandais volant" sur YouTube

Légende
Nom de bateau
Vaisseau fantôme
Bateau imaginaire

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Varnum personal injury attorney Richard L. Halpert has been selected to receive the 2013 Alan and Delwyn Breslau Award from the Phoenix Society for Burn Survivors, a leading national nonprofit organization dedicated to empowering anyone affected by a burn injury.
The award is the highest distinction the Phoenix Society can bestow. It honors a member who has significantly enhanced the ability of the Society to fulfill its mission of peer support, education and advocacy. Notification of the award came from President Patrick C. Horan, who noted Halpert's "enthusiastic and visionary service to the Society."
Halpert has been a strong advocate for survivors of severe burn injury for more than 30 years, in both his legal practice as well as through his personal efforts with organizations such as the Phoenix Society and various burn injury prevention programs.
"Your decades of work have helped thousands of burn survivors and the people who love them to begin to live again," Horan stated. "Your dedication to the work of the Phoenix Society – from being an integral part of the board of directors to helping shape the Phoenix Society's mission statement – and your tireless work representing burn survivors in a legal capacity is appreciated and admired by the entire organization."
The letter also referenced Halpert's generosity which "continues to allow us to provide high quality programs to burn survivors and their families. You have been an inspiration to many who are just beginning to recover and are a model of how to live a life that is enriched by compassionate service to others."
Fellow attorney Steve Weston, Halpert's longtime law partner, said the award is well deserved.
"The Phoenix Society has made an excellent choice in their selection of Rick for this honor," said Weston. "Having worked with Rick for almost 30 years, I could cite numerous examples of his dedication to helping burn survivors."
Weston recalled one such example that occurred almost 20 years ago and which has had a lasting influence on him personally. Because the two often work with clients in hospital burn units, they actively support burn camps for children. In 1994, the closest camp was Camp Courage in Minnesota.
"Rick was not only was instrumental in helping establish the Great Lakes Burn Camp in Michigan, but he and his wife, Mary, personally chaperoned a dozen child burn survivors to the camp in Minnesota when no medical staff were available to do so," Weston said. "To me, that generous gift of time and compassion speaks volumes about Rick's character and his personal commitment to helping patients heal. I'm proud to have worked beside him for almost 30 years."
Halpert will officially receive the award at the Phoenix Society's World Burn Congress, to be held in October in Rhode Island. The Phoenix Society was founded by Alan Breslau, who was extensively burned in the crash of a commercial airliner in 1963. Following a visit to a young boy in a burn center, he realized the importance of peer support for those with burn injuries and went on to establish one of the first burn support organizations in the United States.
Halpert is one of four attorneys who recently joined Varnum from the Kalamazoo-based Halpert, Weston & Sawusch law firm, which has been a strong advocate and supporter of the burn injury community for more than 20 years.


Replacing the 2015 House of Bishops' Learning and Development Framework Practice Guidance, this training framework supports the development and maintenance of the necessary knowledge, attitude and skills to safeguard and protect children, young people and vulnerable adults.
? Practical advice for implementing training requirements in full.
This practice guidance is commended by the House of Bishops and is designed for use by diocesan, provincial and national safeguarding advisers, archbishops and bishops, deans and their senior staff.


He is one of the three Heavens Arena fighters who wanted to challenge Gon and Killua for easy wins. He appears to be mean and will do everything in order to become a Floor Master. In the past, he has reached the 200th floor as a rookie without the use of Nen, later was "initiated" after being attacked with a malicious aura attack and lost his left arm.
One of Sadaso's dirty tricks was to kidnap Zushi with his Nen hand to threaten Gon to join a match with him. However, Killua learns of the fight between the two and makes a threat against Sadaso's life, frightening him enough to leave Heavens Arena for good. It still remains unknown whether if Sadaso wears a mask or not, which is commented by a ticket seller when he was talking to Killua. When he leaves Heaven's Arena after Killua's threat, he is wearing sunglasses for the first time and his face looks less pale than before. At this point, when he is leaving Heavens Arena, he calls Gido to warn them that Killua will come after them next.


text:
<?php

namespace Magento\TestFramework;

use Magento\Framework\Autoload\AutoloaderInterface;
use Magento\Framework\App\Filesystem\DirectoryList;
use Magento\Framework\App\DeploymentConfig;
use Magento\Framework\Config\ConfigOptionsListConstants;
use Magento\Framework\App\DeploymentConfig\Reader;
use Magento\Framework\Filesystem\Glob;

/**
 * Encapsulates application installation, initialization and uninstall
 *
 * @SuppressWarnings(PHPMD.CouplingBetweenObjects)
 */
class Application
{
    /**
     * Default application area
     */
    const DEFAULT_APP_AREA = 'global';

    /**
     * DB vendor adapter instance
     *
     * @var \Magento\TestFramework\Db\AbstractDb
     */
    protected $_db;

    /**
     * Shell command executor
     *
     * @var \Magento\Framework\Shell
     */
    protected $_shell;

    /**
     * Configuration file that contains installation parameters
     *
     * @var string
     */
    private $installConfigFile;

    /**
     * The loaded installation parameters
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $installConfig;

    /**
     * Application *.xml configuration files
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $_globalConfigDir;

    /**
     * Installation destination directory
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $installDir;

    /**
     * Installation destination directory with configuration files
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $_configDir;

    /**
     * Application initialization parameters
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $_initParams = [];

    /**
     * Mode to run application
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $_appMode;

    /**
     * Application area
     *
     * @var null
     */
    protected $_appArea = null;

    /**
     * Primary DI Config
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $_primaryConfigData = [];

    /**
     * Object manager factory
     *
     * @var \Magento\TestFramework\ObjectManagerFactory
     */
    protected $_factory;

    /**
     * Directory List
     *
     * @var \Magento\Framework\App\Filesystem\DirectoryList
     */
    protected $dirList;

    /**
     * Config file for integration tests
     *
     * @var string
     */
    private $globalConfigFile;

    /**
     * Defines whether load test extension attributes or not
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    private $loadTestExtensionAttributes;

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param \Magento\Framework\Shell $shell
     * @param string $installDir
     * @param array $installConfigFile
     * @param string $globalConfigFile
     * @param string $globalConfigDir
     * @param string $appMode
     * @param AutoloaderInterface $autoloadWrapper
     * @param bool|null $loadTestExtensionAttributes
     */
    public function __construct(
        \Magento\Framework\Shell $shell,
        $installDir,
        $installConfigFile,
        $globalConfigFile,
        $globalConfigDir,
        $appMode,
        AutoloaderInterface $autoloadWrapper,
        $loadTestExtensionAttributes = false
    ) {
        if (getcwd() != BP . '/dev/tests/integration') {
            chdir(BP . '/dev/tests/integration');
        }
        $this->_shell = $shell;
        $this->installConfigFile = $installConfigFile;
        $this->_globalConfigDir = realpath($globalConfigDir);
        $this->_appMode = $appMode;
        $this->installDir = $installDir;
        $this->loadTestExtensionAttributes = $loadTestExtensionAttributes;

        $customDirs = $this->getCustomDirs();
        $this->dirList = new \Magento\Framework\App\Filesystem\DirectoryList(BP, $customDirs);
        \Magento\Framework\Autoload\Populator::populateMappings(
            $autoloadWrapper,
            $this->dirList
        );
        $this->_initParams = [
            \Magento\Framework\App\Bootstrap::INIT_PARAM_FILESYSTEM_DIR_PATHS => $customDirs,
            \Magento\Framework\App\State::PARAM_MODE => $appMode
        ];
        $driverPool = new \Magento\Framework\Filesystem\DriverPool;
        $configFilePool = new \Magento\Framework\Config\File\ConfigFilePool;
        $this->_factory = new \Magento\TestFramework\ObjectManagerFactory($this->dirList, $driverPool, $configFilePool);

        $this->_configDir = $this->dirList->getPath(DirectoryList::CONFIG);
        $this->globalConfigFile = $globalConfigFile;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve the database adapter instance
     *
     * @return \Magento\TestFramework\Db\AbstractDb
     */
    public function getDbInstance()
    {
        if (null === $this->_db) {
            if ($this->isInstalled()) {
                $configPool = new \Magento\Framework\Config\File\ConfigFilePool();
                $driverPool = new \Magento\Framework\Filesystem\DriverPool();
                $reader = new Reader($this->dirList, $driverPool, $configPool);
                $deploymentConfig = new DeploymentConfig($reader, []);
                $host = $deploymentConfig->get(
                    ConfigOptionsListConstants::CONFIG_PATH_DB_CONNECTION_DEFAULT .
                    '/' . ConfigOptionsListConstants::KEY_HOST
                );
                $user = $deploymentConfig->get(
                    ConfigOptionsListConstants::CONFIG_PATH_DB_CONNECTION_DEFAULT .
                    '/' . ConfigOptionsListConstants::KEY_USER
                );
                $password = $deploymentConfig->get(
                    ConfigOptionsListConstants::CONFIG_PATH_DB_CONNECTION_DEFAULT .
                    '/' . ConfigOptionsListConstants::KEY_PASSWORD
                );
                $dbName = $deploymentConfig->get(
                    ConfigOptionsListConstants::CONFIG_PATH_DB_CONNECTION_DEFAULT .
                    '/' . ConfigOptionsListConstants::KEY_NAME
                );
            } else {
                $installConfig = $this->getInstallConfig();
                $host = $installConfig['db-host'];
                $user = $installConfig['db-user'];
                $password = $installConfig['db-password'];
                $dbName = $installConfig['db-name'];
            }
            $this->_db = new Db\Mysql(
                $host,
                $user,
                $password,
                $dbName,
                $this->getTempDir(),
                $this->_shell
            );
        }
        return $this->_db;
    }

    /**
     * Gets installation parameters
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getInstallConfig()
    {
        if (null === $this->installConfig) {
            $this->installConfig = include $this->installConfigFile;
        }
        return $this->installConfig;
    }

    /**
     * Gets deployment configuration path
     *
     * @return string
     */
    private function getLocalConfig()
    {
        return $this->_configDir . '/config.php';
    }

    /**
     * Get path to temporary directory
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getTempDir()
    {
        return $this->installDir;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve application initialization parameters
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getInitParams()
    {
        return $this->_initParams;
    }

    /**
     * Weather the application is installed or not
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isInstalled()
    {
        return is_file($this->getLocalConfig());
    }

    /**
     * Initialize application
     *
     * @param array $overriddenParams
     * @return void
     */
    public function initialize($overriddenParams = [])
    {
        $overriddenParams[\Magento\Framework\App\State::PARAM_MODE] = $this->_appMode;
        $overriddenParams = $this->_customizeParams($overriddenParams);
        $directories = isset($overriddenParams[\Magento\Framework\App\Bootstrap::INIT_PARAM_FILESYSTEM_DIR_PATHS])
            ? $overriddenParams[\Magento\Framework\App\Bootstrap::INIT_PARAM_FILESYSTEM_DIR_PATHS]
            : [];
        $directoryList = new DirectoryList(BP, $directories);

        /** @var \Magento\TestFramework\ObjectManager $objectManager */
        $objectManager = Helper\Bootstrap::getObjectManager();
        if (!$objectManager) {
            $objectManager = $this->_factory->create($overriddenParams);
            $objectManager->addSharedInstance($directoryList, 'Magento\Framework\App\Filesystem\DirectoryList');
            $objectManager->addSharedInstance($directoryList, 'Magento\Framework\Filesystem\DirectoryList');
        } else {
            $objectManager = $this->_factory->restore($objectManager, $directoryList, $overriddenParams);
        }

        /** @var \Magento\TestFramework\App\Filesystem $filesystem */
        $filesystem = $objectManager->get('Magento\TestFramework\App\Filesystem');
        $objectManager->removeSharedInstance('Magento\Framework\Filesystem');
        $objectManager->addSharedInstance($filesystem, 'Magento\Framework\Filesystem');

        /** @var \Psr\Log\LoggerInterface $logger */
        $logger = $objectManager->create(
            'Magento\TestFramework\ErrorLog\Logger',
            [
                'name' => 'integration-tests',
                'handlers' => [
                    'system' => $objectManager->create(
                        'Magento\Framework\Logger\Handler\System',
                        [
                            'exceptionHandler' => $objectManager->create(
                                'Magento\Framework\Logger\Handler\Exception',
                                ['filePath' => $this->installDir]
                            ),
                            'filePath' => $this->installDir
                        ]
                    ),
                    'debug'  => $objectManager->create(
                        'Magento\Framework\Logger\Handler\Debug',
                        ['filePath' => $this->installDir]
                    ),
                ]
            ]
        );
        $objectManager->removeSharedInstance('Magento\Framework\Logger\Monolog');
        $objectManager->addSharedInstance($logger, 'Magento\Framework\Logger\Monolog');
        $sequenceBuilder = $objectManager->get('\Magento\TestFramework\Db\Sequence\Builder');
        $objectManager->addSharedInstance($sequenceBuilder, 'Magento\SalesSequence\Model\Builder');
        Helper\Bootstrap::setObjectManager($objectManager);
        $objectManagerConfiguration = [
            'preferences' => [
                'Magento\Framework\App\State' => 'Magento\TestFramework\App\State',
                'Magento\Framework\Mail\TransportInterface' => 'Magento\TestFramework\Mail\TransportInterfaceMock',
                'Magento\Framework\Mail\Template\TransportBuilder'
                    => 'Magento\TestFramework\Mail\Template\TransportBuilderMock',
            ]
        ];
        if ($this->loadTestExtensionAttributes) {
            $objectManagerConfiguration = array_merge(
                $objectManagerConfiguration,
                [
                    'Magento\Framework\Api\ExtensionAttribute\Config\Reader' => [
                        'arguments' => [
                            'fileResolver' => ['instance' => 'Magento\TestFramework\Api\Config\Reader\FileResolver'],
                        ],
                    ],
                ]
            );
        }
        $objectManager->configure($objectManagerConfiguration);
        /** Register event observer of Integration Framework */
        /** @var \Magento\Framework\Event\Config\Data $eventConfigData */
        $eventConfigData = $objectManager->get('Magento\Framework\Event\Config\Data');
        $eventConfigData->merge(
            [
                'core_app_init_current_store_after' => [
                    'integration_tests' => [
                        'instance' => 'Magento\TestFramework\Event\Magento',
                        'name' => 'integration_tests'
                    ]
                ]
            ]
        );
        $this->loadArea(\Magento\TestFramework\Application::DEFAULT_APP_AREA);
        \Magento\TestFramework\Helper\Bootstrap::getObjectManager()->configure(
            $objectManager->get('Magento\Framework\ObjectManager\DynamicConfigInterface')->getConfiguration()
        );
        \Magento\Framework\Phrase::setRenderer($objectManager->get('Magento\Framework\Phrase\Renderer\Placeholder'));
        /** @var \Magento\TestFramework\Db\Sequence $sequence */
        $sequence = $objectManager->get('Magento\TestFramework\Db\Sequence');
        $sequence->generateSequences();
        $objectManager->create('Magento\TestFramework\Config', ['configPath' => $this->globalConfigFile])
            ->rewriteAdditionalConfig();
    }

    /**
     * Reset and initialize again an already installed application
     *
     * @param array $overriddenParams
     * @return void
     */
    public function reinitialize(array $overriddenParams = [])
    {
        $this->_resetApp();
        $this->initialize($overriddenParams);
    }

    /**
     * Run application normally, but with encapsulated initialization options
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function run()
    {
        $objectManager = \Magento\TestFramework\Helper\Bootstrap::getObjectManager();
        /** @var \Magento\Framework\App\Http $app */
        $app = $objectManager->get('Magento\Framework\App\Http');
        $response = $app->launch();
        $response->sendResponse();
    }

    /**
     * Cleanup both the database and the file system
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function cleanup()
    {
        $this->_ensureDirExists($this->installDir);
        $this->_ensureDirExists($this->_configDir);

        $this->copyAppConfigFiles();
        /**
         * @see \Magento\Setup\Mvc\Bootstrap\InitParamListener::BOOTSTRAP_PARAM
         */
        $this->_shell->execute(
            PHP_BINARY . ' -f %s setup:uninstall -vvv -n --magento-init-params=%s',
            [BP . '/bin/magento', $this->getInitParamsQuery()]
        );
    }

    /**
     * Install an application
     *
     * @return void
     * @throws \Magento\Framework\Exception\LocalizedException
     */
    public function install()
    {
        $dirs = \Magento\Framework\App\Bootstrap::INIT_PARAM_FILESYSTEM_DIR_PATHS;
        $this->_ensureDirExists($this->installDir);
        $this->_ensureDirExists($this->_configDir);
        $this->_ensureDirExists($this->_initParams[$dirs][DirectoryList::PUB][DirectoryList::PATH]);
        $this->_ensureDirExists($this->_initParams[$dirs][DirectoryList::MEDIA][DirectoryList::PATH]);
        $this->_ensureDirExists($this->_initParams[$dirs][DirectoryList::STATIC_VIEW][DirectoryList::PATH]);
        $this->_ensureDirExists($this->_initParams[$dirs][DirectoryList::VAR_DIR][DirectoryList::PATH]);

        $this->copyAppConfigFiles();

        $installParams = $this->getInstallCliParams();

        // performance optimization: restore DB from last good dump to make installation on top of it (much faster)
        $db = $this->getDbInstance();
        if ($db->isDbDumpExists()) {
            $db->restoreFromDbDump();
        }

        // run install script
        $this->_shell->execute(
            PHP_BINARY . ' -f %s setup:install -vvv ' . implode(' ', array_keys($installParams)),
            array_merge([BP . '/bin/magento'], array_values($installParams))
        );

        // enable only specified list of caches
        $initParamsQuery = $this->getInitParamsQuery();
        $this->_shell->execute(
            PHP_BINARY . ' -f %s cache:disable -vvv --bootstrap=%s',
            [BP . '/bin/magento', $initParamsQuery]
        );
        $this->_shell->execute(
            PHP_BINARY . ' -f %s cache:enable -vvv %s %s %s %s --bootstrap=%s',
            [
                BP . '/bin/magento',
                \Magento\Framework\App\Cache\Type\Config::TYPE_IDENTIFIER,
                \Magento\Framework\App\Cache\Type\Layout::TYPE_IDENTIFIER,
                \Magento\Framework\App\Cache\Type\Translate::TYPE_IDENTIFIER,
                \Magento\Eav\Model\Cache\Type::TYPE_IDENTIFIER,
                $initParamsQuery,
            ]
        );

        // right after a clean installation, store DB dump for future reuse in tests or running the test suite again
        if (!$db->isDbDumpExists()) {
            $this->getDbInstance()->storeDbDump();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Copies configuration files from the main code base, so the installation could proceed in the tests directory
     *
     * @return void
     */
    private function copyAppConfigFiles()
    {
        $globalConfigFiles = Glob::glob(
            $this->_globalConfigDir . '/{di.xml,*/di.xml,vendor_path.php}',
            Glob::GLOB_BRACE
        );
        foreach ($globalConfigFiles as $file) {
            $targetFile = $this->_configDir . str_replace($this->_globalConfigDir, '', $file);
            $this->_ensureDirExists(dirname($targetFile));
            if ($file !== $targetFile) {
                copy($file, $targetFile);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets a list of CLI params for installation
     *
     * @return array
     */
    private function getInstallCliParams()
    {
        $params = $this->getInstallConfig();
        /**
         * Literal value is used instead of constant, because autoloader is not integrated with Magento Setup app
         * @see \Magento\Setup\Mvc\Bootstrap\InitParamListener::BOOTSTRAP_PARAM
         */
        $params['magento-init-params'] = $this->getInitParamsQuery();
        $result = [];
        foreach ($params as $key => $value) {
            if (!empty($value)) {
                $result["--{$key}=%s"] = $value;
            }
        }
        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Encodes init params into a query string
     *
     * @return string
     */
    private function getInitParamsQuery()
    {
        return urldecode(http_build_query($this->_initParams));
    }

    /**
     * Sub-routine for merging custom parameters with the ones defined in object state
     *
     * @param array $params
     * @return array
     */
    public function _customizeParams($params)
    {
        return array_replace_recursive($this->_initParams, $params);
    }

    /**
     * Reset application global state
     */
    protected function _resetApp()
    {
        /** @var $objectManager \Magento\TestFramework\ObjectManager */
        $objectManager = \Magento\TestFramework\Helper\Bootstrap::getObjectManager();
        $objectManager->clearCache();
        \Magento\Framework\Data\Form::setElementRenderer(null);
        \Magento\Framework\Data\Form::setFieldsetRenderer(null);
        \Magento\Framework\Data\Form::setFieldsetElementRenderer(null);
        $this->_appArea = null;
    }

    /**
     * Create a directory with write permissions or don't touch existing one
     *
     * @param string $dir
     * @return void
     * @throws \Magento\Framework\Exception\LocalizedException
     */
    protected function _ensureDirExists($dir)
    {
        if (!file_exists($dir)) {
            $old = umask(0);
            mkdir($dir);
            umask($old);
        } elseif (!is_dir($dir)) {
            throw new \Magento\Framework\Exception\LocalizedException(__("'%1' is not a directory.", $dir));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Ge current application area
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getArea()
    {
        return $this->_appArea;
    }

    /**
     * Load application area
     *
     * @param string $areaCode
     * @return void
     */
    public function loadArea($areaCode)
    {
        $this->_appArea = $areaCode;
        $scope = \Magento\TestFramework\Helper\Bootstrap::getObjectManager()->get('Magento\Framework\Config\Scope');
        $scope->setCurrentScope($areaCode);
        \Magento\TestFramework\Helper\Bootstrap::getObjectManager()->configure(
            \Magento\TestFramework\Helper\Bootstrap::getObjectManager()->get(
                'Magento\Framework\App\ObjectManager\ConfigLoader'
            )->load(
                $areaCode
            )
        );
        $app = \Magento\TestFramework\Helper\Bootstrap::getObjectManager()->get('Magento\Framework\App\AreaList');
        if ($areaCode == \Magento\TestFramework\Application::DEFAULT_APP_AREA) {
            $app->getArea($areaCode)->load(\Magento\Framework\App\Area::PART_CONFIG);
        } else {
            \Magento\TestFramework\Helper\Bootstrap::getInstance()->loadArea($areaCode);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets customized directory paths
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getCustomDirs()
    {
        $path = DirectoryList::PATH;
        $var = "{$this->installDir}/var";
        $customDirs = [
            DirectoryList::CONFIG => [$path => "{$this->installDir}/etc"],
            DirectoryList::VAR_DIR => [$path => $var],
            DirectoryList::MEDIA => [$path => "{$this->installDir}/pub/media"],
            DirectoryList::STATIC_VIEW => [$path => "{$this->installDir}/pub/static"],
            DirectoryList::GENERATION => [$path => "{$var}/generation"],
            DirectoryList::CACHE => [$path => "{$var}/cache"],
            DirectoryList::LOG => [$path => "{$var}/log"],
            DirectoryList::SESSION => [$path => "{$var}/session"],
            DirectoryList::TMP => [$path => "{$var}/tmp"],
            DirectoryList::UPLOAD => [$path => "{$var}/upload"],
            DirectoryList::PUB => [$path => "{$this->installDir}/pub"],
        ];
        return $customDirs;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Thus opened the Mathnavi of Rumi, the favourite reading of Babur's father Umar Sheikh besides the Holy Quran. Umar Shiekh used to spend long hours with his father-in-law Younus Khan, a descendant of Genghis Khan and a renowned scholar. The discussions of these elders left a lasting impact on Babur's mind.
Babur's role model, however, was a romanticized image of his ancestor Taimur, as presented in Zafarnameh, a eulogized biography of the conqueror and the plethora of family myths that had gathered round the personality of Taimur by the time Babur was born on 14 February 1483. Nevertheless it inspired him to become an excellent athlete and swordsman. His given name was Zaheeruddin but even in his early years he was known for a fierce style of fighting and hence he was nicknamed Babur (Tiger in Turkish). In his later days he could carry two men while running on the rampart, swim across all the rivers of India and defeat several enemies in a single combat.
His knowledge of the arts of war served him well because his father, the ruler of Farghana, died when Babur was eleven, and the small city was attacked first by Babur's paternal uncle and then by his maternal uncle. Defeating two enemies before he was even thirteen gave Babur the confidence to attack Samarkand, the city of his dreams. He captured it in the second invasion, but not for long. Younger brother Jahangir revolted in the hometown and as Babur went back to meet him, he lost Samarkand too.
For a year Babur wandered as a virtually homeless prince. This was a familiar pattern in Babur's life throughout his teens – taking a city from his friends or enemies and then losing it again. He learnt the excitement of building a fortune, right from the scratch, and then losing it to start over again. He turned a poet, and his outlook towards life was described in one of his lines that have become proverbial since then: Babur b'aish kosh keh alam dobareh neest! (O Babur! Better seek to be happy for the world is not to be again!). He learnt how to live each moment of his life. When a moment passed on, whether happy or sad, Babur moved along with it too, never looking back.
'In the month of Ramzan of the year 899 (AH) and in the twelfth year of my age, I became ruler in the country of Farghana…' Thus began one of the most fascinating autobiographies, Baburnameh [or Baburnama]. Written in chaste Turkish prose, the book is remarkable for its irreverent honesty.
Babur had a distinct feminine side too. He had delicate features and had begun his reign under the guidance of grandmother Aisan Daulat and mother Qutlugh Nigar Khanum. Soon after his marriage he found himself in love with a boy!
The Uzbeks, traditional enemies of the House of Taimur, invaded Samarkand under a powerful leader Shaibani Khan. Babur, a practicing astrologer, decided his war strategy in accordance with calculations from the Ephemeris of Ulugh Beg, and lost. He barely saved his life by offering his elder sister Khanzadeh in marriage to Shaibani.
So far Samarkand had been the reason for his existence. It seems that the humiliation cured some of Babur's starry-eyed romanticism and when he captured Kabul in 1501, he took some realistic steps. For once he reconciled with the idea of an empire with Kabul, and not Samarkand, as its centre. Three years later he assumed the title of Padishah. By that time he had sorted out many of his earlier confusions, and even learnt to take pleasure from women, which was the distinctive trait of the House of Taimur. He had several wives by then and as his favourite one, Maham, gave him a son in 1508 Babur named him Humayun. In Persian it meant one favored by Huma [or Homa], the legendary bird whose shadow makes anybody a king.
With Kabul as his capital it was possible for Babur to plunder the wealth of India. From 1505 Babur started a series of raids on the villages and towns in the Kohat, Dera Ghazi Khan, and later, Bajor, Swat, Bheera and Khushab. During his first attack he followed the example of Taimur and massacred the inhabitants. However, his very nature revolted against barbarity and afterwards he allowed himself to be his own self.
Babur fell into the trap of his dreams again when in 1510 the Safavid Persian emperor Shah Ismail I became his friend. Babur, though himself a Sunni, agreed to introduce several Shia reforms in Samarkand if Shah Ismail could help him capture the city. This unleashed a religious war against Babur and Samarkand was gone again, this time for good. But the visionary in him woke up once his soul was freed of imitating a dead ancestor.
On 21 April 1526 Babur met one hundred thousand men of Ibrahim Lodhi with twelve thousand of his own at the famous Battle of Panipat and, with his gunpowder he defeated the enemy in a most remarkable display of military genius. Ibrahim made a desperate fight but got killed. Babur went up to corpse, lifted up its head and said, 'Honour to your courage!' Then he ordered a respectful burial for the dead king exactly on the spot where he had fallen in the battlefield.
Among the allies of Lodhi who fell was one Raja Bikramjit whose family possessed the famous Koh-i-Noor diamond. When Humayun marched upon Agra he impressed the dead Rajah's family with his generosity and they presented him the famous diamond with a typically Indian exaggeration of its worth: 'It equals the value of two and a half day's food for the whole world!' When Humayun offered this priceless diamond to Babur he merely looked at it once and returned it to Humayun, who was known for his love of material comforts.
He was ecstatic about suddenly changing from a dignified robber into a grand emperor, and felt that he must thank the Cosmic Power who had favoured him. With the zeal of an Albiruni he carried out an extensive research on India, studying its historic documents as well surveying its wildlife, revenues, peoples and resources. Then he wrote a complete treatise on this country and added it to his memoirs.
And it was at this time that Babur felt lonelier in life than he had ever been. Babur's companions had completely failed to understand the change that had occurred in him after Panipat. They opposed him, arguing that the best course was to plunder India like Taimur had done, and carry its wealth back home. The lines Babur wrote at this point in his memoirs are charged with bitterness and dejection.
And just then, the mother of Ibrahim Lodhi attempted to assassinate Babur through poisoning. Babur survived the attempt, though it is thought that the poison left some impact on his system. But the emotional trauma was too great. Something in the old lady had reminded him of his dead mother, so that he had exalted her to the status of Queen Mother. Even after she had poisoned him, Babur didn't have the heart to kill her and dispatched her to Kabul. Fearing a hostile reception there, she jumped into a river on the way and drowned.
'Till now I had not really known what a sweet thing life could seem to be!' Babur remarked in his letter about the incident. In the Battle of Kanwaha [or Khanwa], which followed soon afterwards, he killed the last known demons within him. His astrologer forecast that Mars, the planet of War is on the enemy's side. Babur refused to listen to him and called upon God, who was in any case the only one who understood Babur anymore. Making a resolve never to drink alcohol again, Babur ordered the goblets to be broken and the metal distributed among the poor. Yet he was able to see a romance even in giving up wine, seeking his inspiration in a Persian verse, 'Tauba hum bimaza neest, bichash!' (Abstinence has its own savour, taste it!). But as he gained victory over the Hindu enemy Rana Sanga [Maharana Sangram Singh], he began seeing himself as a champion of Islam, though even that couldn't prevent his visit to the temples of Gwalior. In his memoirs he describes them entirely from an artistic point of view and refrains from making any religious comment against idolatry. He didn't order any harm to the idols.
There was one more lesson to learn. News arrived from Delhi that Humayun had broken into the treasury in his absence and opened up several of the boxes belonging to his father. 'I had never looked for such a thing from him,' Babur remarked in his memoirs. However, his love for Humayun didn't diminish, and secretly he must have wondered about the divine significance of this incidence.
The story of Babur's death is famous but few have bothered to explore the several layers of its mystical meaning. It is said that Humayun fell ill and physicians lost all hope of recovery. Babur was told that in India people sometimes offer their dearest possession to God and pray to Him to accept it as a substitute for the life of their dear one. He readily said that he would do so, and the nobles thought he would offer the Koh-i-Noor diamond. 'I can't offer God a stone!' Babur said, and went on to pray that his own life be accepted as an offering. Humayun recovered miraculously and Babur grew ill day by day. He died on 26 December 1530.
It is quite possible that just when love for his son tempted him to ask God to change His Divine Will, the romantic warrior suddenly recognized that if we have any claim over those whom we love then God too has claims over us. Is it possible that Babur, who had never stayed with a single moment of time once it was past, understood why his soul had shied away from the men and women he had wanted to love? It is quite possible that Babur at last recognized who his true Lover was, and prayed for an everlasting union. O Babur! Better seek to be happy, for the world is not to be again!


PLUS: masculinity and militarism, abolishing war, DSEi 2011: resisting Britain's biggest arms fair, participatory entertainment, food from the wonderful Veggies of Nottingham (www.veggies.org.uk), music from SEIZE THE DAY (www.seizetheday.org) and TRACEY CURTIS (www.myspace.com/traceycurtis), and much more.
Join people from across the broad spectrum of the British peace movement and radical activism for five days of exploration, celebration and empowerment.
We are camping in a family-friendly and renewably-powered way from 28 July to 1 August in the beautiful grounds of Crabapple Community, near Shrewsbury in Shropshire.
Activities include: workshops and discussions, practical skills sessions, delicious vegan food cooked by Veggies of Nottingham, music, film, fun and participatory entertainment, a bar, campfires, and activities and facilities for kids and families.
Food (3 meals a day and drinks) will cost £6 – £11 a day for adults, depending on income, and should be ordered before the camp starts. Individuals meals will be available to buy at the camp.


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