text:
Post-16 thermodynamics tutorials
The Gibbs free energy
Five out of five
Try this tutorial with accompanying videos to help teach students on post-16 courses about the concept of entropy and the second law of thermodynamics
This tutorial is designed to develop and consolidate students' understanding of entropy as a fundamental concept in thermodynamics. Students build on their knowledge about the chance behaviour of particles and energy to learn about:
The second law of thermodynamics
The role of energy in determining the entropy or randomness of a chemical system
Entropy change and how to calculate it
The tutorial also features video demonstrations and animations to illustrate key ideas.
The interactive 'simulations' for this tutorial are currently unavailable. However, you may find it helpful to read any accompanying instructions, observations and conclusions relating to the simulations below.
Introducing entropy
Scientists have a mathematical way of measuring randomness – it is called 'entropy' and is related to the number of arrangements of particles (such as molecules) that lead to a particular state. (By a 'state', we mean an observable situation, such as a particular number of particles in each of two boxes.)
As the numbers of particles increases, the number of possible arrangements in any particular state increases astronomically so we need a scaling factor to produce numbers that are easy to work with. Entropy, S, is defined by the equation:
S = k lnW
where W is the number of ways of arranging the particles that gives rise to a particular observed state of the system, and k is a constant called Boltzmann's constant which has the value 1.38 x 10-23 J K-1. In the expression above, k has the effect of scaling the vast number W to a smaller, more manageable number.
The natural logarithm, ln, also has the effect of scaling a vast number to a small one – the natural log of 10-23 is 52.95, for example.
Just as logarithms to the base 10 are derived from 10x, natural logarithms are derived from the exponent of the function ex, where e has the value 2.718. There are certain mathematical advantages to using this base number.
Don't let students worry about 'ln', just get them to use the correct button on their calculators. Some examples of calculating the ln of large numbers might help students to see the scaling effect.
Entropies are measured in joules per kelvin per mole (J K-1 mol-1). Notice the difference between the units of entropy and those of 'enthalpy' (energy), kilojoules per mole (kJ mol-1).
The key point to remember is that entropy is a figure that measures randomness and gases, where the particles could be anywhere, tend to have greater entropies than liquids, which tend to have greater entropies than solids, where the particles are very regularly arranged. You can see this general trend from the animations of the three states below.
Source: Royal Society of Chemistry
Some values of entropies
Physical state at standard conditions
Entropy, S J K-1 mol-1
Carbon (diamond) solid 2.4
Copper solid 33
Calcium oxide solid 40
Calcium carbonate solid 93
Ammonium chloride solid 95
Water (ice) solid 48
Water liquid 70
Water (steam) gas 189
Hydrogen chloride gas 187
Ammonia gas 192
Carbon dioxide gas 214
Observe the not all solids have smaller entropy values than all liquids nor do all liquids have smaller values than all gases.
There is, however, a general trend that:
Ssolids < Sliquids < Sgasses
Since processes take place by chance alone, and this leads to increasing randomness, we can say that in any spontaneous process (one that takes place of its own accord and is not driven by outside influences) entropy increases.
This is called the second law of thermodynamics, and is probably the most fundamental physical law. So processes that involve spreading out and increasing disorder are favoured over those where things become more ordered – students may have noticed this in their bedrooms!
The word 'feasible' is also used to mean the same as 'spontaneous'. The terms have nothing to do with the rate of a process. So a reaction may be feasible (spontaneous) but occur so slowly that in practice it does not occur at all. For instance, the reaction of diamond (pure carbon) with oxygen to form carbon dioxide is feasible (spontaneous) but we do not have to worry about jewellery burning in air at room temperature – 'diamonds are forever'!
Illustrating the second law
Watch the two videos below. You would have no difficulty in deciding which one is being played in reverse – randomly arranged fragments do not spontaneously arrange themselves into an ordered configuration.
Entropy and solutions
So the idea of entropy increasing seems to explain why a crystal of salt (sodium chloride) will dissolve in a beaker of water of its own accord (spontaneously). The resulting solution in which sodium and chloride ions are thoroughly mixed with water molecules is more random than a beaker of pure water and a crystal of solid sodium chloride in which the ions are in a highly ordered crystal lattice.
There is some local increase in order on forming the solution as (disordered) water molecules cluster round the Na+ and Cl– ions but this is outweighed by the large increase in disorder as the sodium chloride lattice breaks up.
It also seems to explain our initial query, or why the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid,
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
occurs, but the reverse reaction,
H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)→ Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq)
does not. In the first case, the production of a gas from a solid clearly involves an increase in entropy while the reverse has a decrease.
Is the second law wrong?
It is not difficult to find examples of chemical reactions that appear to contradict the rule that entropy increases in spontaneous processes.
Take, for example, the demonstration illustrated in the video below, where the two gases, hydrogen chloride and ammonia, diffuse along a tube and produce a white ring of solid ammonium chloride:
HCl(g) + NH3(g)→ NH4 Cl(s)
Hydrogen chloride and ammonia gases diffuse along a tube and react to produce a ring of solid ammonium chloride.
The two gases forming a solid clearly involve a decrease in entropy, yet the reaction occurs spontaneously.
In fact, we can calculate the numerical value of the entropy change from the figures in the table above (see Introducing entropy):
Total entropy of starting materials 187 + 192 = 379 J K-1 mol-1
Entropy of product = –95 J K-1 mol-1
Entropy change = –284 J K-1 mol-1
As expected, a significant decrease. (Remember, we expect spontaneous reactions to have an increase in entropy.) Does this mean the second law is wrong?
The role of energy
Energy also has a role to play in the entropy or randomness of a chemical system, by which we mean a quantity of substance or substances (such as a reaction mixture).
Energy exists in 'packets' called quanta. You can have any whole number of quanta of energy but not 11/2 or 3.25 quanta.
Like the distribution of atoms in space, the distribution of quanta of energy between molecules is also random because, like molecules, energy quanta do not 'know' where they are supposed to be – energy 'doesn't care'. We can simulate this distribution.
We have seen that the number of ways of arranging particles contributes to the entropy of a physical system. The distribution of energy quanta also contributes to the system's entropy.
The distribution of energy simulation
Introduction and instructions
This is a simple example is to consider quanta of energy distributed between the vibrational energy levels of a set of diatomic molecules. Such energy levels are evenly spaced and can be represented like the rungs of ladders. How many ways are there of distributing x quanta of energy betweeny molecules?
Here you can vary the number of molecules and the number of quanta available to be distributed between them and the simulation will allow the energy to be exchanged between the molecules in all possible ways at random.
Start by setting the number of quanta and molecules to a low value. Use the step button to move through all the combinations (for example: there are four ways to distribute three quanta among two molecules).
The more quanta of energy there are to be shared between a given number of molecules, the more ways there are of arranging them. Also, the more molecules there are, the more ways there are of sharing.
The tables below show the possible arrangements of four quanta between two molecules, five quanta between two molecules and three quanta between three molecules respectively. Try exploring these using the simulator.
Two molecules, four quanta (five arrangements)
Molecule 1
Two molecules, five quanta (six arrangements)
Three molecules, three quanta (ten arrangements)
The distribution of energy quanta also contributes to entropy because of the relationship S = k lnW. The more heat energy we put into anything, the more its entropy increases because there are more quanta and thus more ways, W, to distribute them.
Most chemical reactions involve a change of heat energy (enthalpy), either given out from the reactants to the surroundings or taken in from the surroundings into the products. So we must also take this into account when we are considering the entropy change of a chemical reaction. It is not just the chemical reaction that matters but the surroundings as well.
The system and its surroundings
Here is the solution to the puzzle about the ammonia–hydrogen chloride reaction. This reaction is strongly exothermic (gives out a lot of heat to the surroundings – in fact ΔH is –176 kJ mol-1). The key is the idea of the surroundings.
For each mole of ammonium chloride that is formed, 176 kJ of heat energy is transferred to the surroundings. As we have seen, this increases the entropy of the surroundings because of the increased number of ways of arranging the quanta of energy. So, within the reaction itself (ie starting materials and products), entropy decreases but, because of the heat energy passed to the surroundings, the entropy of the surroundings increases, and more than compensates for the decrease in entropy in the reaction.
In other words, this increase in the entropy of the surroundings is more than the decrease in entropy of the reaction and thus there is an overall increase in entropy.
We call the reaction itself 'the system' and everything else 'the surroundings'. In principle, 'the surroundings' is literally the rest of the Universe, but in practice it is the area immediately around the reaction vessel.
So, the second law of thermodynamics is not broken by the ammonia–hydrogen chloride reaction; the problem was that we had forgotten the surroundings. This is because, as chemists, we are used to concentrating only on what happens inside our reaction vessel.
How does this affect our understanding of the second law?
We can build on these insights to make a better statement of the second law of thermodynamics: in a spontaneous change, the entropy of the Universe increases, ie the sum of the entropy of the system and the entropy of the surroundings increases.
Total entropy change
As we have seen above, the entropy change of the ammonia–hydrogen chloride reaction ('the system') is –284 J K-1 mol-1. It is negative as we have calculated (and predicted from the reaction being two gases going to a solid).
But how can we evaluate the entropy change caused by 'dumping' 176 kJ mol-1 of heat energy into the surroundings? (Notice that this is 176 000 J mol-1). It must be positive as more quanta of energy lead to more possible arrangements and it must be more than 284 J K-1 mol-1.
The formal derivation is complex but leads to the expression ΔS of the surroundings:
ΔSsurroundings = –ΔH/ T
This makes sense because:
The negative sign means that an exothermic reaction (ΔH is negative, heat given out) produces an increase in the entropy of the surroundings.
The more negative the value of ΔH, the more positive the entropy increase of the surroundings.
The same amount of energy dumped into the surroundings will make more difference at lower temperature – this rationalises the 'division by T'.
For the ammonia–hydrogen chloride reaction at 298 K:
ΔSsurroundings = –ΔH/ T = –(–176 000) / 298
ΔSsurroundings = 591 J K-1 mol-1, more than enough to outweigh the value of ΔSsystem of –284 J K-1 mol-1
So the total entropy change (of the Universe, ie system + surroundings) brought about by the reaction is +307 J K-1 mol-1.
If we want to predict the direction of a chemical reaction, we must take account of the total entropy change of the system and the surroundings, and that includes the effect on entropy of any heat change from the system to the surroundings (or, in the other direction, heat taken in from surroundings to system).
The equation for total entropy change
Total entropy change is the sum of the entropy changes of the system and its surroundings:
ΔStotal = ΔSsystem + ΔSsurroundings
If ΔStotal for a reaction is positive, the reaction will be feasible, if negative it will not be feasible.
This resource was originally published by the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2015 as part of the Quantum Casino website, with support from Reckitt Benckiser.
In association with Reckitt Benckiser
A/AS level
Unit A2 1: Further Physical and Organic Chemistry
4.2 Enthalpy, entropy, and free energy
4.2.1 recall that enthalpy change is not sufficient to explain feasible change, for example the endothermic reaction between ammonium carbonate and ethanoic acid;
4.2.2 recall that the balance between entropy change and enthalpy change determines the feasibility of a reaction;
4.2.3 recall that entropy is a measure of disorder;
OCR Chemistry A
Module 5: Physical chemistry and transition elements
5.2.2 Enthalpy and entropy
a) explanation that entropy is a measure of the dispersal of energy in a system which is greater, the more disordered a system
b) explanation of the difference in magnitude of the entropy of a system: of solids, liquids and gases; and for a reaction in which there is a change in the number of gaseous molecules
d) explanation that the feasibility of a process depends upon the entropy change and temperature in the system, TΔS, and the enthalpy change of the system, ΔH
Gibbs free-energy change, ΔG, and entropy change, ΔS
ΔH, whilst important, is not sufficient to explain feasible change.
The concept of increasing disorder (entropy change, ΔS).
ΔS accounts for the above deficiency, illustrated by physical changes and chemical changes.
Topic13: Enegetics II
Topic 13B: Entropy
12. understand that, since some endothermic reactions can occur at room temperature, enthalpy changes alone do not control whether reactions occur
13. know that entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system and that the natural direction of change is increasing total entropy (positive entropy change)
14. understand why entropy changes occur during: changes of state; dissolving of a solid ionic lattice; reactions in which there is a change in the number of moles from reactants to products
15. understand that the total entropy change in any reaction is the entropy change in the system added to the entropy change in the surroundings, shown by the expression: ΔStotal = ΔSsystem + ΔSsurroundings
17. be able to calculate the entropy change in the surroundings, and hence ΔStotal , using the expression: ΔSsurroundings = (− ΔH)/ T
Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
Reaction feasibility
The entropy (S) of a system is a measure of the degree of disorder of the system. The greater the degree of disorder, the greater the entropy.
Entropy increases as temperature increases. Changes of state involve changes in entropy.
Second and third laws of thermodynamics
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the total entropy of a reaction system and its surroundings always increases for a spontaneous process.
Unit 3: PHYSICAL AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
3.7 Entropy and feasibility of reactions
(a) entropy, S, of a system as a measure of the freedom possessed by particles within it and the increase in entropy towards a maximum for all natural changes
(b) particles in a solid having much less freedom than those in a gas and that, other factors being equal, entropy increasing in the sequence S(gas) > S(liquid) > S(solid)
(e) spontaneous reactions having a negative value for ΔG and how the effect of entropy change explains the spontaneous occurrence of endothermic processes
1 Reader's comment


Art Brownies are miniature works created by local and international artists. Each "brownie" starts as a wooden block - 2.5 x 2.5 x 1.5" deep. The artists transform these blocks using a variety of media: painting, wrapping, felting, sculpting, attaching... The pieces are then shown as a large collection in Toronto's Art Brownie Shop at INDEXG (50 Gladstone ave). The Art Brownie show is an annual event and this year's show takes place from July 20 - Aug 24, 2013. I am currently making four new pieces for the collection. They will incorporate porcelain and painting. These pieces will be ONE-OF-A-KIND and NEW to my current practice (exciting!). I am amped to merge painting and sculpting practices and exercise my creative muscles.
The opening for this event will be on Saturday July 20th from 3-6pm. Mark it in your calenders and come taste the variety of "flavours" at this year's exhibition!
The Art Brownie Shop is open Wednesday - Sunday 1-5pm.


text:
More Football Blogs
Case Keenum, Allen Robinson, and Sammy Watkins All Sign with New Teams
Case Keenum has signed with the Denver Broncos. The Broncos take themselves out of the Kirk Cousins sweepstakes with this move. To be honest, I'm a little shocked. I know Keenum is coming off a stellar year in which he put together a season that no one ever thought he was capable of. What are the odds that he can duplicate that same success in Denver, though. New offense, new coaching staff, worse offensive weapons, and a defense that isn't as talented. He saw an opportunity to be a starter and took it, but what the hell was John Elway thinking. Is Case Keenum really that much better than Paxton Lynch or Trevor Siemian, maybe a little bit, although he's not going to win Denver the AFC West. The Broncos needed a QB and they got one, problem is he just isn't very good. This also means that the Vikings are basically fucked if Kirk Cousins decides to sign elsewhere since they have no backup option anymore.
Allen Robinson has signed with the Bears. The contract is a 3 year deal worth up to $42 million. Robinson was the Jaguars #1 receiver in 2015 and 2016 posting very good numbers with a not very good QB. Coming off an ACL injury is tough and you're never quite sure if the player can be the same again. That's why I find it a little strange that the Jags let him walk so easily. They had maybe the worst wide receiving core in football besides the Bears and they don't want to bring back their best guy. That's definitley something to question. Anyways, the Bears dramatically improved their receiving core with this move. Now they'll have Cam Meredith, Allen Robinson, and Kevin White if can stay on the field. A huge upgrade over Kendall Wright and the rest of the no names that played wide receiver for the Bears last season. Mitch Trubisky, the pressure is on. Now you have no excuse to suck ass.
Sammy Watkins signed with the Chiefs on a 3 year $48 million deal. At first I saw this and thought the chiefs overpaid Watkins immensely. Then I saw that Watkins was only 24 years old, don't know how that's even possible since he's been in the league 4 years, which means this kid still has time to become the receiver we all thought he'd be out of Clemson. The Chiefs also don't have to pay a big QB contract since Pat Mahomes is on a rookie deal and will be for the next 3 seasons. That means they have a lot of money to spend elsewhere and why not use that money to help make Mahomes life a lot easier. Now, the Chiefs have Ty Hill, Travis Kelce, Kareem Hunt, and Sammy Watkins, that's what I call an explosive offense. Chiefs are clearly switching their identity from a defensive minded team to an offensive minded team and I kind of love it. Look for the Chiefs offense to put up lots of yards and points this season as they compete in a tough AFC West.
Is it Time For the Giants to Move on From Odell Beckham Jr.
This is a blog I never thought I'd write, yet here I am. As most of you already know a video of OBJ surfaced this weekend of him in bed with a girl where allegedly multiple drugs were involved. From the looks of it Odell was holding a blunt in his hand while the female was cutting up lines of a white substance. If it was just Odell smoking weed I'd be like what a dumbass, but whatever, so is every other professional athlete. Since there's cocaine involved it brought this to a whole different level. The video was only like seven seconds long so as far as context goes we have none and never will. I doubt Odell or the girl in the video will reveal much more about that night. Leaving us with nothing except what we saw with our own eyes and the conclusions we draw after that.
This most recent fuck up by Odell is apart of a long list of on the field and off the field problems that stem from Odell putting himself before the team. Antics like that work in a lot of environments, if this were the Dallas Cowboys there'd be no repercussions, however this is the New York football Giants we're talking about. They've built a brand that's built off integrity, respect, and accountability. Odell has shown none of those qualities in his four years here. It started with the Josh Norman incident, then it turned into him celebrating and saying he doesn't care about getting a penalty, then the boat trip which was followed by maybe the worst performance of his career, and now this. Let's not forget that he was also talking about his contract and being paid long before it was time for that talk. Safe to say Odell is a diva wide receiver, although he's a fucking unbelievable talent. This posses the question, is he worth the headaches.
It's a real slippery slope when it comes to giving players preferential treatment. It's one thing when a star player wants to sit out the preseason because he's a star, it's a whole other thing to let him get away with smoking blunts and cutting up lines. He's supposed to be a leader in the Giants locker room, especially now going into his 5th season, yet time and time again he acts like a petulant child. I'm fed up with Odell's bullshit, I have been for awhile. Odell is a singular talent there's no one in the league like him when he's healthy, there's no denying he balls out. With that being said it hasn't translated to the win column because wide receivers just don't have that kind of impact on the game. Look at Randy Moss and Terrell Owens, fucking absurdly talented players, which translated to 0 Super Bowl rings between the two of them.
Now, I know all these uneducated Odell fanboy fuckheads will come at me saying well look how bad the Giants offense is without Odell. Well, we also didn't have a real #1 or #2 wide receiver, so that's a pretty big deal. Our best wide receiver was Tavarres King, except when Sterling Shepard played. The Giants also had the worst offensive line in football and our best running back was Orleans Darkwa. Clearly the offense sucking went way deeper than us missing Odell. Not to mention that even with Odell in all of 2016 we didn't score over 30 points in a game, so obviously he's not making too much of impact in the points column. I'm not trying devalue Odell, I know just how special he is, but let's not act like it'd be detrimental to the Giants franchise to let him go. On the other hand it could be detrimental to keep him.
Honestly, imagine the Giants gave Odell the 5 year $100 million contract that he won't shut up about, and then this comes out. The Giants would've looked like fools that just threw $100 million down the drain. Who knows if Odell will ever grow up, I've been hearing every offseason how he's changing his ways and the results stay the same. Match your actions with your words you coward. Be the leader that this team needs you to be. I can't have my leader doing blow and putting himself ahead of the team. As for anyone about to reference Lawrence Taylor in comparison to Odell, find the nearest bridge and jump off it. LT was arguably the greatest player in NFL history, he won an MVP, and won two Super Bowls. What has Odell done? Oh yeah, drop 3 passes in his only playoff game. Don't you dare compare some diva wide receiver to one of the greatest players of all time, I won't allow it.
That leads me to my final point of whether the Giants should keep Odell or look to move on. You know he wants money and a lot of it, you know he's a troubled kid that can't get out of his own way, and you know he hasn't helped the Giants win shit. The decision is simple, if the Giants can get a nice return for Odell they should take it. I'm sure his trade value is at an all time low with the contract looming, coming off an injury, and this latest wetting of the bed. If Giants can get value for Odell take it and run because this guy does not give a shit about this team. I'm ride or die for my guys, you'll almost never hear me say bad things about my guys, but when they don't give a shit about my team then I don't give a shit about them. Football is the ultimate team sport and no one is above the team. Clearly, OBJ thinks differently, and it's time to give him a wake up call.
Ndamukong Suh to Be Released by the Miami Dolphins
Ndamukong Suh will be hitting the free agent market as reports have come out saying that the Dolphins will be releasing him. The Dolphins are clearly in the midst of a rebuild, they're calling it a "culture change", but I think we all know what that really means. Suh has been paid out the $60 million that was guaranteed in his record breaking 6 years $114 million deal. Crazy how these guys sign these lucrative deals and then the second the guaranteed money is up they get cut. It's business, I understand that, but these players need to get more guaranteed because Suh missed out of half his contract essentially. Suh will be 31 years old this season, which means he's still young enough to garner serious attention. This leaves the question of where Suh will end up.
The obvious answers are the Lions because that's his former team and the Eagles since his former coach is now the defensive coordinator there. Suh has already said he would play for the Eagles for free, however with the recent acquisition of Michael Bennett I just don't see the need for a 8th defensive lineman. The Patriots also get thrown into this equation just like they do any other time a big name free agent hits the market, although I don't know if the Patriots join us and get a ring bargaining chip will work with Suh. Something tells me whoever can cough up the most cash will land this beast. That's the thing, Ndamukong Suh is still a force to be reckon with in the trenches. I know he's kinda gone under the radar since joining the Dolphins, yet he still managed to torture interior offensive lineman.
Wherever Suh ends up he'll immediately improve that defensive line 10 fold. How much is he worth is what it'll really come down to. I know he isn't worth the $20 million a year he was getting in Miami, he might be worth only half of that at this point. The nastiness that comes with Suh doesn't make it any easier to sign him. I'm sure he isn't a guy that brings a locker room together, so that's also something to take into consideration when it comes to signing Suh. Regardless, Suh hitting the free agent market is just another big name on what should be one of the craziest free agent classes ever. March is going to be a really exciting month for football moves, let's just sit back and enjoy.
The Kirk Cousins to the Vikings Rumors Have Gotten Real
This is a rumor that most people have taken very seriously, and that heated up fast last week when it was reported that the Vikings were allowing all of their QB's to walk.
But as of last night, the rumors got some serious backing, and even put some numbers on the board. It's being reported that the Vikings are willing to offer Cousins 3 years/$91 mil, FULLY guaranteed.
Yes, you read that right, and good lord, that is a big deal.
That number is massive and I don't think people realize just how hard it is to get fully guaranteed deals in the NFL, let alone one that has that much riding on it.
I am still not sold on Kirk Cousins, and while I know Minnesota is a huge step forward compared to the dumpster fire that is the Redskins, I still would not be willing to risk $100M on him, especially when my team may be at it's peak chance to win a Super Bowl; it's not the time to throw caution to the wind.
We will follow this closely but at this point is would be insanity for Cousins to go to the miserable Jets over the Vikings, unless they give him something like $200M.
Le'Veon said it best...
□ that ain't enough to come run with the Jets... https://t.co/R0Ockg5Leh
— Le'Veon Bell (@LeVeonBell) February 1, 2018
NFL Ref Ed Hochuli Retires
Well the day has finally come, Ed "Biceps" Hochuli has retired from refereeing in the NFL, after 28 seasons, including 26 seasons as crew chief.
Ed Hochuli has always been a very popular referee in the NFL, because of his unnecessarily tight shirts, that gave everyone tickets to the gun-show each Sunday. That, paired with his always lengthy and sometimes insightful explanations for every penalty called.
Hochuli has managed to stay likable for most of his career, being one of the few refs that I have ever had anything against for their utter lack of competence.
In his 28 years with the NFL, he worked two Super Bowls, and will now be able to watch as his son Shawn takes over the reigns, as he was promoted to a referee today as well.
Something tells me Big Bicep Ed will be just fine, because as most of you know, he is a very successful attorney, and is sitting on a net worth of at least $5mil. Good luck to ya Ed, and don't forget to mix a leg day in every once and a while.
Seahawks Not Expected to Resign Jimmy Graham
Jimmy Graham will be in a different uniform next season. The Seattle Seahawks are not expected to resign the tight end that they traded for back in 2015. Where does Jimmy Graham go now coming off back to back pro bowl selections? He's 32 so it's going to be the final act of his potential hall of fame career.
The Jimmy Graham project was a failure in Seattle. When they traded for him he was the best tight end in the league besides Gronk. He was supposed to be Russell Wilson's go to guy and be a total difference maker for that Seattle offense. Well, that didn't happen. His first season him and Wilson had 0 chemistry. Then, Graham became a reliable red zone threat, but that's about it. In this past season he posted his career worst yards per reception. Still was a very productive player just not by the standards of the type of player he was when they traded for him.
Still, Graham is a premier tight end that will help any team that needs a red zone threat. That's a hot commodity in the NFL right now, so there's definitely going to be plenty of interested teams. Whether that's a possible reunion in New Orleans, or a new home in Green Bay or Denver, who really knows.
All I know is Jimmy Graham will be playing somewhere next year and I'll grab him as a late round fantasy sleeper. Guy racks up TD's, that's all you need out of a fantasy tight end. If he could stay a little healthier it'd be nice, but beggars can't be choosers.
Antonio Cromartie Has Called it a Career
After 11 seasons in the NFL Antonio Cromartie has decided to call it a career. After sitting out all of 2017 and most of 2016 I guess he realized his time was finally up. The once game changing cornerback played for the Chargers, Jets, and Cardinals in the prime of his career, while also having a cup of coffee in Indy at the end.
Cromartie had quite the career, he racked up 31 interceptions, 4 pro bowl selections, and an all pro selection. His fantastic season in 2007 where he picked off 10 passes was when he took the league by storm. He never lived up to the high expectations after, yet still managed to have a highly productive NFL career.
The legend of Antonio Cromartie will live on long past the memories of his playing days. His ability to produce children at such a profound rate while keeping up with the child support payments is nothing short of impressive. No vasectomy is going to stop him from continuing to impregnate women. He might be retiring from football, but he certainly ain't retiring from the game. That shits for life, or at least until the last one of his children turn 18 and he stops paying child support.
In all seriousness though, Cromartie was a filthy player. Here's a little refresher piece:
Cowboys to Franchise Tag DeMarcus Lawrence
The Cowboys will use their franchise tag on DeMarcus Lawrence, according to Adam Schefter of ESPN. Lawrence was a force to be reckoned with this past season racking up 14.5 sacks. That was good for second in the NFL, behind only Chandler Jones of the Cardinals.
Cowboys not meeting an agreement with Lawrence on a long term deal is no surprise. A lot of teams are hesitant to commit long term to pass rushers coming off one great season. Especially with the future large contracts of Dak and Zeke looming over the front office. Can't overpay for a pass rusher that may never reach that career high sack total again. Also, Randy Gregory comes back from his suspension this season, if he somehow cleans up his act and can be the pass rusher he was drafted to be, then they won't have to pay Lawrence. The odds of that occurring are slim to none, so I wouldn't bank on that.
Cowboys will have to cough up a decent chunk of change with the franchise tag to bring Lawrence back, however it doesn't handcuff them long term. If he has another solid season then maybe he's the real deal, and it'd be time to commit long term. Like I said before, the future contracts of Dak and Zeke will greatly factor into the equation of how money is spent in the next couple of off-seasons. Regardless, DeMarcus Lawrence will be back with the Cowboys for at least one more season.
Seahawks Looking to Trade Key Defensive Players
It seems as if the Seattle Seahawks defensive core has seen its last days of playing with each other. Michael Bennett, Richard Sherman, Kam Chancellor, and Earl Thomas could all be on different teams, or in Chancellor's case retired, to start the 2018 season. Amazing to reflect on when the Seahawks won the 2014 Super Bowl, and we all thought about how young this defense was going to be great for years with multiple Super Bowls in their future. Now, just like that the window has closed. That one Super Bowl was all they ended up having to show for it. Truly incredible since we were all certain at the time that at least one more Lombardi trophy was in the cards for the Seahawks with this strong defense. The focus has now shifted to Russell Wilson to lead this team back to the promise land. Getting salaries like Bennett, Sherman, and Thomas off the payroll would be huge for the Seahawks ability to rebuild the offense line through free agency. Trading these guys off would also allow them to acquire a sizable haul of draft picks to help the defense get younger. Will the Seahawks finally go through with reshaping their defense or is this all just smoke again.
This isn't the first time we've heard the Seahawks are looking to move on from these guys. As a matter of fact, it seems as if this is an offseason routine. Between Thomas, Bennett, and Sherman it will cost the Seahawks about $30 million cap space this season. That's a lot of money to have tied up into 3 aging defensive players. Being able to move them and free up cap space while being able to acquire draft picks would be huge for the Seahawks future. On the other hand, those guys have been the leaders of that defense for half a decade. Replacing them won't be easy and the defense will certainly take a step back. Last year, the team was riddled with injuries. Therefore, they missed the playoffs, and now the push towards a different future is more in focus. Would we be having this conversation if the Seahawks just won another Super Bowl, unlikely.
Honestly, if I'm a Seahawks fan I want to see these guys get one more chance at bringing home the Lombardi. Russell Wilson has never been better, if that defense stays healthy it's more than possible that the Seahawks could find themselves in a position to win the Super Bowl. Giving up all these special defensive talents would make it a whole lot tougher to compete in the NFC, where the competition is only getting stronger. The future, which would be a year or two down the road would be a lot better suited if the Seahawks were to trade these guys. Ultimately, the decision comes down to would you want to go after a potential Super Bowl this upcoming season, or set yourself up for another 5 year run like you just had, a couple years down the road. What do you think the Seahawks should do?
Minnesota Vikings Won't Franchise Tag Case Keenum
The Minnesota Vikings will not use their franchise tag on Case Keenum according to Ian Rapoport of NFL Network. This news doesn't really come as a surprise to me especially with the heavy speculation that they're going after Kirk Cousins. Case Keenum, is not worth the salary that would be attached with the franchise tag. Sure he had a fantastic year, however so did Ryan Fitzpatrick a couple seasons ago, and how did that turn out. The Vikings are smart in the front office and know Keenum greatly exceeded expectations last season. They aren't going let the success of last year blind them into spending a ton of their cap space bringing him back, when they know damn well he can't win them a Super Bowl.
This confirms that the Vikings will be looking elsewhere for QB options this offseason. With that being said Case Keenum still very well could end up on the Vikings, just at a much lower price than they franchise tag. If they have to bring back Keenum it shows that they have little to no faith in Bridgewater coming back and being their future QB. It also means that Kirk Cousins ended up going elsewhere. This is definitely good news for Vikings fans to hear because when it's announced they signed Keenum back they'll realized they're right back to where they always are. A good team with a very mediocre quarterback.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Locker Room Talk
Raptors president Masai Ujiri got Toronto on the verge of NBA Finals while also focusing on Africa
Creating opportunities for more African players like Pascal Siakam and Serge Ibaka has become his passion
Toronto Raptors forward Kawhi Leonard (left) and guard Danny Green (right) pose with club president Masai Ujiri (center) for pictures during media day at Scotiabank Arena. Dan Hamilton/USA TODAY Sports
By William C. Rhoden	@WCRhoden
TORONTO — Toronto Raptors team president Masai Ujiri takes pains to keep himself out of the limelight. This was an easy task a decade ago when Ujiri was early in his career as a globe-trotting scout and aspiring front-office executive.
Today, Ujiri, 48, has become one of the shrewdest front-office minds in the business of basketball, one known for fearless, forward-thinking moves and blockbuster trades.
In 2010, Ujiri became the first NBA general manager to grow up in Africa when he was hired to run the Denver Nuggets' basketball operations department. When we first met in 2011, Ujiri, then the vice president of basketball operation for the Nuggets, had orchestrated a blockbuster 12-player trade that sent Carmelo Anthony to New York in exchange for a group of promising young players.
Bucks' Malcolm Brogdon: 'My life passion is not basketball. It's helping people.
Dikembe Mutombo helps grow the game in Africa
Rwandan president Paul Kagame makes grand appearance at Oracle Arena
Basketball Africa League: 'A dream come true for all of us'
NBA Africa VP Amadou Fall talks about growing the game in the continent
This NBA millionaire won't forget growing up poor in Africa
Today, Raptors fans are enjoying the fruits of another bold Ujiri trade that sent fan favorite DeMar DeRozan to San Antonio in exchange for San Antonio's Kawhi Leonard. It's generally accepted in Toronto that the Raptors would not be one victory from the franchise's first NBA Finals appearance had Ujiri not made the trade.
He made clear earlier this week that he wasn't going to discuss any of that. During a brief conversation in his office at the Raptors' training complex, Ujiri said this Raptors playoff run was about the players, not him, and he was going to keep it that way.
What Ujiri will talk about is Africa, specifically the dramatic, widening impact of Africa in the NBA. As the NBA continues to expand its borders, the road from Africa to the United States has become a well-paved superhighway, thanks in large part to people such as Ujiri and Amadou Fall, the godfather of African basketball.
This has been the good news of the current NBA season and a point of pride for Ujiri. "I'm proud of where the game is going and the impact it's having on the continent," Ujiri said before Game 5 between Toronto and Milwaukee. "African players continue to grow and perform on the big stage. The NBA has taken huge steps to make progress on the continent."
Beginning in 2003, when he hosted his first camp in Nigeria, Ujiri has played a pivotal role in inspiring young Africans in Nigeria and beyond to use basketball as a catapult to achieving great things. While players such as Serge Ibaka from the Republic of Congo and Pascal Siakam and Joel Embiid from Cameroon have become well-known stars, thousands of young African men and women you won't see in big-time college programs or in the NBA have traveled the road Ujiri helped pave. They attend U.S. prep schools, community colleges and universities. They work in jobs within and around the massive sports industry, not necessarily on the court. Ujiri preaches to aspiring young players the importance of using the game to create opportunities, and not letting the game use them.
"We have to give the youth a chance," he said, "and that's by building infrastructure, facilities and improving the coaching."
As much as building the Raptors into a championship team is a goal for Ujiri, facilitating opportunity for young Africans has become his life's mission and passion.
Fall, the NBA Africa vice president and managing director for Africa, said Ujiri is a living example of using the game. "You can be in the NBA in other ways, and I think Masai in the NBA is the biggest of all those," Fall said from his office in Johannesburg. "He is running one of the best franchises in the league and coming back every summer to give back, inspiring the next generation."
Fall added, "The stage and the platform Masai has is so special. I'm proud that he's really doing his absolute best to give back and to grow the game, and to contribute to the efforts to grow Africa beyond just basketball."
A journey across three continents
Ujiri's journey from Africa to the executive suite has been well-documented but bears repeating, for it underlines two of the major themes of his life: the dream and the journey.
He was born in Bournemouth, England, where his parents were studying. His mother is a doctor; his father worked as a nurse. The family moved back to Nigeria when Masai was 2. By age 13, he had abandoned soccer and fallen in love with basketball. When it was time for high school, his parents allowed him to come to the United States to pursue his dream of playing college basketball. He left Nigeria for Seattle to play at a prep school while staying with a Nigerian family.
His vision was to play in college and compete with a team in one of Europe's top leagues.
After prep school, Ujiri enrolled in a junior college, Bismarck State College in North Dakota. After community college, he signed with Montana State in Billings but stayed less than a year. He left Montana and returned to England to begin what he hoped would be a fruitful pro career. It was not.
He played in Derby County in England for a year, then for a second-division team in Belgium and a team in Germany, followed by another stint in England, then back to Belgium, Finland for three months, then Denmark.
It was in Denmark that Ujiri, then 32, took stock of his pursuit of the dream. He realized, "At some point, I started chasing this thing that is not there anymore."
The experience would serve him well as a front-office executive who would have to make tough decisions, telling players things they didn't want to hear and making trades that benefited the franchise and not necessarily the player.
After the experience in Denmark, Ujiri jettisoned the dream of playing for a team and began focusing on running a team. That put him on a whole other journey.
He worked as an unpaid scout for the Orlando Magic. Finally in 2003, Kiki VanDeWeghe hired him as an international scout for the Denver Nuggets. He was later promoted to the Nuggets' director of international scouting.
Ujiri got his NBA front-office start in Toronto in 2007, when he joined the Raptors as director of global scouting. He was promoted to assistant general manager, player personnel, in 2008. Then it was back to Denver, where he spent three seasons as executive vice president of basketball operations for the Nuggets. In May 2013, Ujiri was named president and general manager, basketball operations, of the Raptors.
Ujiri's tenacious pursuit of his dream is instructive. Too often, well-meaning adults tell young people who aspire to be a professional athlete that the odds are stacked against them. We tell them about the one-in-a-million odds against them.
Ujiri's approach is: "Somebody has to be that one in a million. It might as well be you. And here's how."
He said, "You have to keep growing, keep striving and keep pounding away to get to the level you want to reach."
The evolution of players, especially from sub-Saharan Africa, has been amazing to watch, from Dikembe Mutombo and Hakeem Olajuwon to players such as Ibaka and Siakam.
Former NBA center Dikembe Mutombo (left) and Toronto Raptors general manager Masai Ujiri (right) participate in the NBA Cares All-Star Day of Service as part of 2016 All-Star Weekend at NBA Centre Court of the Enercare Centre in Toronto on Feb. 12, 2016.
Ron Turenne/NBAE via Getty Images
Olajuwon and Mutombo stumbled into basketball. Mutombo initially played intramural basketball at Georgetown. Olajuwon was a soccer goalie when he was introduced to basketball.
Subsequent generations of players from the continent have been the beneficiaries of expanded programs and infrastructure. The NBA sponsors the NBA Academy Africa, based in Senegal, designed to identify talent and nurture it on the continent. A professional league, Basketball Africa, is scheduled to begin in January.
"The impact has been great," Siakam said earlier this week.
"What Joel Embiid has done, what I've done, just in terms of putting Africa on the map in the United States during these conference finals.
"The more kids who can see us, the better," he said. "Now they can believe."
The exploits of Embiid, Siakam, Ibaka and so many others have been a source of inspiration.
"We're going in the right direction," Siakam said. Echoing Ujiri's often-stated line, Siakam pointed out that the goal is not simply to create a pipeline that produces basketball players. "It's beyond basketball," he said. "It's about creating and producing leaders on our continent."
Thanks to social media and the internet, role models and paths to possibilities are far more abundant that they were when Ujiri began his journey and scores more abundant than when Olajuwon and Mutombo began theirs.
Said Fall: "These aspirational young players can follow the NBA through an authentic African lens because they're seeing young people who come from their community who are given opportunities and move forward with those opportunities."
Ujiri wants to lead Toronto to its first NBA title, and he wants the African presence to continue to grow.
"I want to win," he said. "I want to build pathways from young kids in Africa. I want that continent to grow. I want people to see there is hope, there is a dream.
"I'm the example of the dream."
William C. Rhoden, the former award-winning sports columnist for The New York Times and author of "Forty Million Dollar Slaves," is a writer-at-large for The Undefeated. Contact him at william.rhoden@espn.com.
This Story Tagged: Toronto Raptors Serge Ibaka Locker Room Talk Masai Ujiri Pascal Siakam NBA Africa


This week I found myself in a jewelry store while running errands with my daughter. She was having her rings cleaned and making a return. While she browsed, the store owner, a friendly young man named Peter, started a conversation with me. This is how it went.
Peter: How many children do you have?
Peter: Oh, I am so sorry (hesitation)……how old was he?
Needless to say Peter opened the door for a long conversation about who William was and where he had been in his life. Peter ended the conversation by saying: "It sounds like your son lived out a dream. He knew what he was born to do at such a young age. He's quite amazing. We should never forget him." I told Peter that I loved talking about my son and thanked him for the conversation. In a room of diamonds and sapphires it is a conversation with a stranger that is the most precious gift.
Another gift I just received is a small crop of meyer lemons. I care for a potted plant that spends warm days outside and frigid ones indoors. In return I am gifted a juicy crop. This year a half dozen of lovely lemons. Meyer lemons are readily available in the grocery store this time of year, but if you can't find them substitute a mix of fresh lemon and orange juice.
Soak 4 to 6 wooden skewers in Mark West Pinot Grigio for 30 minutes. In a bowl, mix 3 tablespoons wine, 1 tablespoon of oil, lemon juice, honey, garlic and parsley. Season the shrimp with kosher salt and pepper and add to the bowl, tossing to coat with marinade. Let stand for 15 minutes. Thread the shrimp onto skewers. Brush shrimp with half the melted butter; sprinkle with Aleppo pepper. Grill the shrimp, on a lightly greased grill pan, over moderate heat, basting with remaining butter and turning, until just cooked through, 5 to 7 minutes. Meanwhile, brush lemon slices with remaining teaspoon of oil. Sprinkle with some salt and pepper. Grill lemons for about 2 minutes per side; serve with shrimp. Garnish with fresh parsley and a sprinkle of Aleppo pepper, if desired.
Tip: if using frozen shrimp look for bags labeled: IQF (Individual Quick Freezing) for better tasting and well shaped product. As always buy American.
When my friend Steven came to visit I asked him if he had any great recipes using garbanzo beans. I explained that another friend had sent a can of beans to show off the new transparent packaging and in exchange I'd post a holiday recipe.
This smoked trout dip is easy to make with a full smokey flavor balanced by the lemon and dill. It's smooth and spreadable and goes well with crostini or a crisp plain cracker. I hope you all enjoy it.
Combine all ingredients except one teaspoon lemon juice in food processor. Process until smooth. Taste and adjust seasoning with remaining lemon juice, salt and pepper. Spoon into serving bowl. Drizzle top with a little olive oil. Garnish with fresh herbs. Serve with toast or crackers.


All Communities > Welcome to Circle of Moms!! > Any moms of infants in Puerto Rico?
Any moms of infants in Puerto Rico?
I'm a stay at home mom who recently moved here from CA. I have a 2 month old daughter and I'd love to join a mom's group or meet other moms interested in getting together during the week! I live in Hacienda San Jose in Caguas - a town south of San Juan. I used to teach elementary school and before that was a nanny - so even if you have older little ones, I'd love to meet you. Also, interested in cooking and learning to scrapbook.
Hello, I have a 4 month old and live in Rio Piedras, about midway between San Juan and Caguas. I'd love to get together. Send me a message.
POPSUGAR Shout Out: Get It in Writing!
Any Fort Wayne Moms want to get together?
HI , looking for group in Puerto Rico!!!


Babies and young children's Passports.
Young children from birth now need their own passports. As you may have experienced, trying to take a babie's photo in a passport booth is almost impossible! Let us take the strain out of the situation and take them in our studio with a 100% guarantee.
Private parking is right outside the studio.


text:
UPDATE: Kenosha Officer-Involved Shooting
KENOSHA, Wis. Wisconsin Attorney General Josh Kaul and Kenosha County District Attorney Michael Graveley today provided an update regarding the investigation of the officer-involved shooting (OIS) of Jacob Blake.
At DA Graveley's request, AG Kaul has identified a consultant to review the investigative file and provide the district attorney with an analysis of the incident. DA Graveley and AG Kaul agree that having such an analysis prepared for the district attorney's consideration will serve the interests of justice in this case. The consultant identified by AG Kaul, who is being retained by DA Graveley, is Wisconsin native and retired Madison, Wis. Police Chief Noble Wray.
The shooting of Mr. Blake has been vigorously and thoroughly investigated. At this time, the Wisconsin Department of Justice (DOJ) Division of Criminal Investigation (DCI) is in the final stages of its investigation, and it will soon provide the investigative file to Chief Wray. While investigative files from DCI's investigations of OIS cases contain reports regarding the relevant facts, they do not contain charging recommendations.
The next phase in this case will be Chief Wray's review of the file and preparation of his analysis. Chief Wray's analysis will assist the district attorney in his review of the facts and their relationship with standard law enforcement practices as he makes a charging decision.
"At the request of DA Graveley, I have identified an independent expert who can help ensure a just outcome in this case," said Attorney General Kaul. "Noble Wray is a longtime Wisconsin resident and a widely respected retired Madison Police Chief who has extensive experience in law enforcement, including experience at the national level as a police reform specialist for the U.S. Department of Justice."
When DCI is the lead investigating agency of a shooting involving a law enforcement officer, DCI aims to provide its reports of the incident to the prosecutor within 30 days. In this case, the prosecutor has directed that those reports be forwarded to a consultant for review and analysis. Following review and analysis by the consultant, the prosecutor will confer with the consultant, review the reports of the investigation, and then make an independent determination about what charges, if any, are appropriate. If the prosecutor determines there is no basis for prosecution of the law enforcement officer, and no other circumstances prevent the release, DCI will thereafter make the reports available to the public.
DOJ has previously provided the following information:
On the evening of Sunday, August 23, 2020, Kenosha Police Department officers were dispatched to a residence in the 2800 block of 40th Street after a female caller reported that her boyfriend was present and was not supposed to be on the premises.
Mr. Blake walked around his vehicle, opened the driver's side door, and leaned forward. While holding onto Mr. Blake's shirt, Officer Rusten Sheskey fired his service weapon 7 times. Officer Sheskey fired the weapon towards Mr. Blake's back. No other officer fired their weapon. Kenosha Police Department does not have body cameras, therefore the officers were not wearing body cameras.
Law enforcement immediately provided medical aid to Mr. Blake. Flight for Life transported Mr. Blake to Froedtert Hospital in Milwaukee.
DCI, along with the FBI, have completed the following as part of the investigation:
Conducted 88 witness interviews,
Collected 102 evidence items,
Downloaded 28 videos for review,
Issued 4 search warrants, and,
Dedicated over 600 hours working on this case as of Saturday, August 29, 2020.


When it comes to the management of commercial or retail property, the landlord that you act for as property manager, will have specific needs and systems around which the property management service should be designed. When you get the balance of reporting and systemise to communication under control the landlord property management relationship thrives.
Ultimately the level of trust between the landlord and the property manager needs to be high at all times. Here are some ideas to help that process.
Understand the levels of financing and finance obligations that the landlord must satisfy on ongoing monthly basis.
Develop a standard lease policy relating to future leasing strategies and rental profiles.
Communicate with all your tenants on a regular basis. Retail Property demands that communication be very frequent.
Maintain a budget of maintenance activity so that any actual expenditure is both planned and tracked to the budget.
The landlord will be concerned with the elements of occupancy, lease stability, tenant communication, income optimisation, expenditure controls, and physical property performance. Around all of this will be the impact of legislation to run the property on a daily basis.
Every property management process and agency will have some form of Accounting System to support income and expenditure activity. Further to that there will be some lease management software to track lease activity in complex property occupation.
Effective and high quality landlord reporting systems should really centre on what the landlord requires and how the property works. When a property manager understands the property and the precinct, all of this becomes quite easy to achieve.
Previous post: Do Listing Agent Work in Commercial Agency Sales?


Things got awkward while Emma was talking to E!'s smuggest android around the 2:21 mark below. Ryan asked Emma to tell him about the dress she was wearing, and she returned with a shady nugget.
"Well, it's pink and there are stars on it." Girl, that dress needed no explanation. I mean, pink? Silver stars on it? Her dress was clearly an homage to Super Star Barbie.
I can see why Emma wasn't excited to talk about her dress. If I were wearing the struggle version of such an iconic look, I wouldn't want to talk about it either. Valentino obviously wanted Emma's dress to look like how faded and tragic many Barbie gowns got after your mom destroyed them in the washing machine with Bleach.
Someone who did bring vintage 80s Barbie glamour was Drew Barrymore. Drew looks like she's about to push Sammy Jo off the dance floor and embarrass her with a bird-like move she calls The Champagne Crane.
Here's more of the fancy-dressed famous people at the Golden Globes last night. Bonus points go to Natalie Portman, who refuses to break character several months after Jackie finished filming!


text:
Enjoying bourgeois buns in the home of functionalist architecture
Jeanne Rudbeck
jeanne rudbeckalva myrdalsocial engineeringsocialismeugenicssterilization
There's no better place in Stockholm to savour croissants and cappucino than Petite France, an award-winning cafe and bakery located on the ground floor of Sweden's most Utopian apartment block, writes Jeanne Rudbeck.
There goes the neighborhood, I thought, when Petite France won the 2008 Gold Dragon (gulddraken) restaurant award. Until then, the French bakery and cafe had been Kungsholmen's best kept secret. Now they'd be coming from the posh parts of town to wait in line for the city's best baguettes, croissants and the scrumptious lunches.
Enter John Ericssonsgatan 6 and you're in Paris, Sweden. The staff is cheerful and smiling; chef Sebastien Boudet is whirling and twirling between his ovens and the café, exchanging banter with happy customers and passing out samples of his latest creation, västerbotten cheese bread. The shelves are resplendent with an extravagant variety of pastries; the breads--the largest weigh a couple of kilos--look like architectural monuments.
Speaking of architecture, the building that houses Petite France, Markeliushuset, is one of Stockholm's classified cultural landmarks. If not quite as impressive as the palace of Versailles, it nevertheless claims an important place in the history of Sweden as well as in the history of architecture.
Built in 1935, it was the country's first collective housing (kollektivhuset), the result of a collaboration between architect Sven Markelius and social-architect Alva Myrdal, matron saint of the Swedish welfare state.
Celebrated diplomat, Nobel Peace Prizewinner and prolific writer, Myrdal believed that people could be engineered in a direction designated by…Alva Myrdal. Human beings should be moulded and improved—sort of like lumps of cement.
She teamed up with Markelius, who belonged to the same group of radical Social Democrats in the early 1930s, to create a new social order based on the latest modernist concepts.
Functionalism, as the architecture is called, considered families, schools and other social entities as cogs in a machine. Each part contributes to the functioning of the system as a whole.
Their collective utopia rejected "elegant" architecture as bourgeois. They shunned the old pastoral ideal of home and hearth as pictured in the paintings of Carl Larsson. They condemned the traditional family and stay-at-home mother as dying artifacts.
"Hemmafru" (housewife) became a label of contempt. Without productive activity, according to Alva, "housewives grow indolent, fat, and self absorbed." In her brave new world women should be "comrades in labour" with their husbands.
Desperate Swedish housewives would be emancipated from the burden of preparing meals. They would be thrilled to park their children in the 24-hour-a-day collective nursery while they marched off to become "productive members of society."
Alva's one-size-fits-all lifestyle permitted exceptions: housework was OK for some women. In the book Crisis in the Population Question she allows that "housework still offers possibilities...for frail, imbecilic, lazy, unambitious, or generally less well endowed persons to get on with life."
The Myrdal/Markelius experiment in rational living was organized down to the last detail. Each of the "family units" contained a service elevator. Meals were prepared in a central kitchen, either to be consumed in the communal restaurant or else hoisted via the dumb waiter to the apartments of those who did not care to eat collectively. An internal telephone system permitted checking up on the neighbors.
Unfortunately, the lower classes don't always embrace the intellectual elite's ideas of what is good for them. They were not particularly enthusiastic about becoming a cog in Alva's great functional machine.
The apartments, laid out according to the functionalist concept of minimum requirements, were small and of a low standard. Families wanted to raise their children in real houses, outside the city, like the Myrdal family, who lived in a villa in the leafy suburb of Bromma. The ungrateful lower classes abandoned the Markelius house; radical intellectuals moved in.
Meanwhile, Alva was busy inventing new schemes to improve the Swedish folk. On the scary side, she advocated compulsory sterilization for that segment of the population she deemed unfit to breed--around ten percent in her estimation. Her book Nation and Family is credited with having inspired the notorious 1934 law that put into place a policy of forced sterilization on eugenic grounds. The programme continued until 1975.
Fortunately, Alva is not around to see the delicious decadence into which the headquarters for her socialist experiment has fallen. These days, pink macaroons and delicate cream puffs emerge from the collective kitchen meant to serve falukorv stroganoff to the comrades. And those internal phones are used to call orders down to the bakery for fresh brioche to be hoisted by the still-functioning dumb waiter directly to the apartments of the yuppies upstairs who like to eat breakfast in their pajamas.
Alva would surely disapprove.
Petite France
John Ericssonsgatan 6
Tuesday-Friday, 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
Saturdays 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Closed Sunday, Monday and Swedish holidays.
Not to be missed:
Sourdough baguettes
Lunch, especially when duck confit, or lentil soup with truffle cream are on the menu
A mighty almond croissant with cappuccino for your afternoon break.
In good weather, Saturday brunch on the sun-drenched terrace. If all the tables are taken, grab one of the excellent sandwiches or a bag of croissants, walk half a block to Norr Mälarstrand and have a picnic beside Lake Mälaren, the most scenic spot in Stockholm.
Why are there teens in white hats singing on the back of trucks?
Prominent Muslim head of free school seized by security police
Sweden considers expanding mother tongue education
International school in Malmö to sack one in five teachers
Teacher in Sweden reported to police for ejecting rude pupil
Taking an exchange semester in Sweden as a US student: 7 key things to keep in mind
Sweden encouraged to improve integration in schools
Tedious praise of 'perfect Swedish society'
Sterilized transsexuals sue Swedish government
Swedish transgendereds battle for forced sterilization payouts
Sweden to stop sex change sterilization
Most sterilizations performed on women


text:
Politics & Social Justice
NT Examiner: 2020 Senior Destinations
NT Examiner: Politics
NT Examiner: 100 Years
NT Examiner: Race
NT Examiner: Mental Health
Contact The News
New Trier News
One small nudge for math, one giant leap for learning
Hope Pu • December 14, 2020
It all started with one Taiwanese boy who wanted to help his peers in the classroom. Now, he has his own website and posts educational resources that other people can use for free. He is Senior Dun-Ming...
Students call for action to combat gun violence
Lucas Eisen • December 14, 2020
In December of 2019, senior Catherine Richards wanted to start an activism group in Wilmette for students, but she didn't know for what. After collaborating on a Civics project with her friend and classmate,...
Girls Club adapts to virtual setting with "Race For Scholarships"
Said Aydin • December 14, 2020
Senior Liv Nickel knew that she and her team of Girls Club officers needed something to replace the usual income they would receive from school events for their fundraisers. Nickel was looking for...
Why I'm going to watch the heck out of Netflix's "The Prom" (and you should too)
Caroline Bewley, News Editor • December 12, 2020
This year, Dec. 11 was pretty big. It was the second day of Hanukkah. A good chunk of seniors found out if they got into their Early Decision schools or not. Taylor Swift released her third album in the...
COVID and clubs: How our clubs have changed
Graham Ambrose, Features Editor • December 10, 2020
Shakespeare Club, like many others, has adapted to the pandemic by doing things differently this year. "I think Shakespeare Club is really connected with the outside community this year," said...
A relaxed Thanksgiving in the most stressful times
Quentin Reeb, Features Editor • December 7, 2020
A lot of New Trier families weren't able to come together in full this year, seemingly stripping the holiday of much of its core value. After all, Thanksgiving is a time to enjoy a meal with distant...
Foreign films: soothing to the soul
Mattea Carberry, Features Editor • November 19, 2020
I'm not one who really enjoys watching movies by myself. But a while ago, I was bored and really just wanted to sit and watch something. That night, I wound up watching the film Bicycle Thieves (1948,...
Movember: putting men's health in the spotlight
Graham Ambrose, Features Editor • November 10, 2020
We assign all sorts of titles and designations to virtually every month of the year, from February's Black History Month to June's LGBT Pride Month to May's Mental Health month. One...
Augie Fontanetta first athletic director to join IHSA board of directors
Quentin Reeb, Features Editor • October 26, 2020
Athletic Director Augie Fontanetta has been elected to the Illinois High School Association Board of Directors, a position that's typically reserved for school principals, becoming the first athletic...
Bedrooms and basements vs classrooms and commons
Graham Ambrose, Features Editor • October 24, 2020
After months of deliberating, New Trier unveiled a 36-page plan to gradually welcome students back into physical school on Oct. 6. The plan established several guidelines, such as prohibiting students...
Finding peace in predictable unpredictability
Mattea Carberry, Features Editor • October 23, 2020
I'm sitting on a blanket I've laid out on the beach. It's 6:54 a.m. The sun is due to rise soon. It's Monday, and we don't have school. So I'm here, gazing out at the vast lake and the...
My first day back: Some thoughts – and tips – on returning to school and surviving.
Mattea Carberry, Features Editor • October 6, 2020
On Tuesday, Oct. 6, 25% of the student body returned to the New Trier campus for the first time since last spring. Assuming students were healthy and thus able to acquire the bar code required for entry,...
What it's like: Growing up with a hearing disability
Leah Schmidt, News Editor
Sari Daybook wakes up every morning to her four cats, sister, and most noticeably, silence. This lack of noise isn't just the usual quiet of a peaceful morning, but a hearing disability that has been a part of Daybook's life since she was born. Her hearing disability affects several aspects of her life, from things as complex as her high school education and working as an instruction...
The student news site of New Trier High School


text:
María de Berry (1375-junio de 1434) fue duquesa soberana de Auvernia y condesa de Montpensier en 1416-1434. Era hija de Juan, duque de Berry, y Juana de Armagnac. Se casó tres veces. Fue administradora del Ducado de Borbón para su tercer esposo Juan I, duque de Borbón, durante su encarcelamiento en Inglaterra tras su captura después de la derrota francesa en la batalla de Azincourt en 1415, hasta 1434.

Vida
María nació alrededor del año 1375, era la hija menor de Juan "el Magnífico", duque de Berry y Juana de Armagnac. A través de su padre, que era un gran coleccionista de antigüedades, mecenas artístico y bibliófilo, era nieta del rey Juan II de Francia. Tenía tres hermanos: Carlos, Luis y Juan; Y una hermana mayor, Bona.

Condesa consorte de Châtillon
El primero de los tres matrimonios de María tuvo lugar el 29 de mayo de 1386 en la catedral de Saint-Etienne en Bourges: a los 11 años, María se casó con Louis III de Châtillon su primer marido. El padre de María le dio una dote de 70.000 francos; Dio a Luis, su yerno, el condado de Dunois.  El matrimonio y el ajuar fueron acordados por los dos padres en 1384: "Un duque la vestirá, en la cama y fuera de ella, y un conde le pondrá las joyas", Juan Duque de Berry y Guy Conde de Blois-Châtillon acordaron así. Las fiestas en la boda de ces jeunes enfants ("de estos niños pequeños") se describen en las Crónicas de Jean Froissart.

Condesa de Eu
No hubo hijos de este matrimonio, y Luis murió el 15 de julio de 1391. El 27 de enero de 1393 se hizo un contrato de matrimonio para María y Felipe de Artois, Conde de Eu. Se casaron el mes siguiente en el Palacio del Louvre de París; El rey Carlos VI de Francia pagó por las fiestas, mientras que su padre le dio una dote de 70.000 francos. María tenía unos 18 años; Felipe tenía unos 35 años, habiendo nacido en 1358. El rey nombró a Felipe Condestable en 1392 y se marchó a las Cruzadas donde luchó junto a su amigo Juan Le Maingre (Boucicaut), mariscal de Francia en la desastrosa Batalla de Nicópolis el 25 de septiembre de 1396. Ambos fueron capturados, y Felipe murió unos meses más tarde en cautiverio en Micalizo, ahora llamado Mihalıççık, en el oeste de Turquía.
Después de la muerte de Felipe "inter Sarracenos" ("entre los sarracenos"), su cuerpo fue llevado de vuelta a Eu, su ciudad natal, y María dio una dotación de 100 francos anuales a la Iglesia Colegial de Notre-Dame-et-Saint-Laurent para una misa anual a celebrarse allí el 17 de junio en su memoria. Su hijo mayor, Felipe, murió el 23 de diciembre del mismo año y también está enterrado en Eu.  Conjuntamente con su cuñada viuda, Jeanne de Thouars, Marie fue nombrada tutora de los tres hijos sobrevivientes de su matrimonio con Felipe: Carlos, Bona y Catalina.  Con sólo tres años, Carlos sucedió a su padre como Conde de Eu. Se mantuvieron sus rentas hasta que llegó a la mayoría de edad por tres fideicomisarios: la misma María, su padre, y su tío Felipe II el Audaz, duque de Borgoña.

Duquesa consorte de Borbón
María se casó con su tercer marido Juan de Borbón en el "Palacio del Rey" (La Conciergerie) en París el 21 de junio de 1401. El contrato había sido firmado en París el 27 de mayo de 1400 después de complejas negociaciones. Le dio tres hijos. Fue nombrado Gran chambelán de Francia el 18 de marzo de 1408 y sucedió a su padre como duque de Borbón el 19 de agosto de 1410. El padre de María había persuadido al rey Carlos VI de no ir a la batalla de Azincourt el 25 de octubre de 1415, pero el marido de María no le escuchó, fue a combatir, fue capturado y pasó el resto de su vida en cautiverio inglés.
Se cree que María está representada en una o posiblemente dos miniaturas a página completa en Las muy ricas horas del Duque de Berry, un manuscrito elaborado para su padre en los años posteriores a la muerte de sus hijos. En la ilustración del mes de abril, los jóvenes nobles en primer plano se agrupan en torno a una pareja que están en un corteo casarse. Según Patricia Stirnemann, refiriéndose a Saint-Jean Boudin, la escena, aunque no fue pintada hasta alrededor de 1410, representa el compromiso de María con Juan de Borbón en 1401. Raymond Cazelles discute esto, argumentando que la pareja sería la sobrina de María Bona de Armagnac y Carlos I de Orleans, duque de Orléans, que se casaría en 1411. Se representa una celebración del Primero de Mayo entre los nobles en primer plano de la ilustración para el mes de mayo. Los detalles parecen confirmar que la Casa de Borbón está representada.
Un manuscrito hecho específicamente para María que le fue regalado en 1406 sobrevive hoy en día como BnF, fr. 926. Es una colección corta de obras devocionales cristianas, comenzando con el Estimulus amoris de Buenaventura, traducido al francés por Simon de Courcy como el Traitéy de l'esguillon d'amour divine. Incluye una miniatura de María y su hija Bona (de unos diez años en este momento) arrodillándose en oración ante la Virgen María. Marie también seleccionó unos 40 manuscritos de la colección de su padre a su muerte, ya que todavía le debían los 70.000 francos de dote de su segundo matrimonio.

Duquesa de Auvernia y condesa de Montpensier
Los tres hermanos de María habían muerto antes de 1400, lo que explica la complejidad de las negociaciones para su tercer matrimonio: ella y su hermana mayor, Bona, eran las herederas de los títulos de John de Berry, lo que requería el asentimiento real.:section "Marie" and footnotes 360-361</ref> Juan de Berry murió el 15 de junio de 1416 (cuando el marido de María ya estaba prisionero en Inglaterra). María fue designada duquesa de Auvernia y condesa de Montpensier el 26 de abril de 1418; estos títulos fueron confirmados en 1425. El 17 de enero de 1421, su marido también le nombró administradora de sus propiedades.  Murió prisionero en Londres en enero de 1434.  María murió en Lyon en una fecha desconocida en junio del mismo año. Fue enterrada en el Priorato de Souvigny.

Familia
 Luis III de Châtillon
 Felipe de Artois, conde de Eu (1358–1397)
 Felipe (m.23 de diciembre de 1397)
 Carlos de Artois, conde de Eu (c. 1394–1472)
 Bona (1396–1425), se casó en primer lugar con Felipe, conde de Nevers (1389 -1415), hijo menor de Felipe, duque de Borgoña; y en segundo lugar Felipe el Bueno, Duque de Borgoña (1396 -1467).
 Catalina (1397–1422?), que se casó con Juan de Borbón, Señor de Carency.
 Juan I de Borbón
 Carlos I de Borbón (1401–1456)
 Juan (1403–1412, París), conde de Forez
 Luis I de Montpensier (1405–1486)

Ancestros

Notas y referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos
 Bonaventure, Aiguillon d'amour: microfilm reproduction of the manuscript presented to Marie de Berry c. 1406 (Biblioteca Nacional de Francia)

Duquesas consortes de la casa de Valois
Condesas de Francia del siglo XIV
Duquesas de Francia del siglo XV
Maria
Maria
Condes de Montpensier

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Describe the light reaction of photosynthesis essay
An introdction to the creative essay
Identify a natural ecosystem in which you live or one near to where you live
Home brain homework help Indian consumer durable industry
Indian consumer durable industry
Philips Electronics India Limited Philips Electronics India Limited, a subsidiary of the very popular company named Royal Philips Electronics headquartered in Netherlandsis one of the most popular and well-known brands among Indian consumers.
Silks were originally reserved for the Emperors of China for their own use and gifts to others, but spread gradually through Chinese culture and trade both geographically and socially, and then to many regions of Asia. Because of its texture and lustre, silk rapidly became a popular luxury fabric in the many areas accessible to Chinese merchants.
Silk was in great demand, and became a staple of pre- industrial international trade. In Julyarchaeologists discovered intricately woven and dyed silk textiles in a tomb in Jiangxi province, dated to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty roughly 2, years ago. There is a surviving calendar for silk production in an Eastern Han 25— AD document.
The two other known works on silk from the Han period are lost. This trade was so extensive that the major set of trade routes between Europe and Asia came to be known as the Silk Road. The Emperors of China strove to keep knowledge of sericulture secret to maintain the Chinese monopoly. Twig frames for the silkworms are prepared.
The cocoons are weighed. The cocoons are soaked and the silk is wound on spools. The silk is woven using a loom. It is known as Resham in eastern and north India, and Pattu in southern parts Indian consumer durable industry India. Recent archaeological discoveries in Harappa and Chanhu-daro suggest that sericultureemploying wild silk threads from native silkworm species, existed in South Asia during the time of the Indus Valley Civilization now in Pakistan dating between BC and BC, while "hard and fast evidence" for silk production in China dates back to around BC.
HyderabadAndhra Pradeshand GobichettipalayamTamil Naduwere the first locations to have automated silk reeling units in India.
A leader in aluminium and copper - Hindalco
India - Wikipedia
The tradition of wearing silk sarees for marriages and other auspicious ceremonies is a custom in Assam and southern parts of India. Silk is considered to be a symbol of royalty, and, historically, silk was used primarily by the upper classes. Silk garments and sarees produced in KanchipuramPochampallyDharmavaramMysoreArani in the south, Banaras in the north, Bhagalpur and Murshidabad in the east are well recognized.
In the northeastern state of Assamthree different types of silk are produced, collectively called Assam silk: Muga, Eri and Pat silk. Muga, the golden silk, and Eri are produced by silkworms that are native only to Assam.
Thai silk Silk is produced year-round in Thailand by two types of silkworms, the cultured Bombycidae and wild Saturniidae. Most production is after the rice harvest in the southern and northeastern parts of the country.
Women traditionally weave silk on hand looms and pass the skill on to their daughters, as weaving is considered to be a sign of maturity and eligibility for marriage.
Thai silk textiles often use complicated patterns in various colours and styles. Most regions of Thailand have their own typical silks. A single thread filament is too thin to use on its own so women combine many threads to produce a thicker, usable fiber.
They do this by hand-reeling the threads onto a wooden spindle to produce a uniform strand of raw silk. The process takes around 40 hours to produce a half kilogram of silk.
Many local operations use a reeling machine for this task, but some silk threads are still hand-reeled. The difference is that hand-reeled threads produce three grades of silk: The silk fabric is soaked in extremely cold water and bleached before dyeing to remove the natural yellow coloring of Thai silk yarn.
To do this, skeins of silk thread are immersed in large tubs of hydrogen peroxide. Once washed and dried, the silk is woven on a traditional hand-operated loom.
The Rajshahi Division of northern Bangladesh is the hub of the country's silk industry. There are three types of silk produced in the region: Bengali silk was a major item of international trade for centuries. It was known as Ganges silk in medieval Europe. Bengal was the leading exporter of silk between the 16th and 19th centuries.
Aristotle wrote of Coa vestisa wild silk textile from Kos. Sea silk from certain large sea shells was also valued. The Roman Empire knew of and traded in silk, and Chinese silk was the most highly priced luxury good imported by them. Legend has it that monks working for the emperor Justinian I smuggled silkworm eggs to Constantinople in hollow canes from China.[61] CHAPTER-FOUR AN OVERVIEW OF INDIAN CONSUMER DURABLE INDUSTRY The Consumer Durable industry consists of durable goods and appliances for domestic use such as televisions, refrigerators, air conditioners and washing.
Find the latest business news on Wall Street, jobs and the economy, the housing market, personal finance and money investments and much more on ABC News.
The consumer Durables industry consists of durable goods and appliances for domestic use such as televisions, refrigerators, air conditioners and washing machines. The consumer durables industry can be broadly classified into two segments: Consumer Electronics and Consumer Appliances.
Welcome to CNCTimes. We are an online portal for the CNC machine industry and manufacturing domain. Our aim is to bring knowledge, information and success stories of people from this industry.
• Consumer electronics exports were projected to be ~INR64 billion in FY13 while the industry achieved INR16 billion. Hence, there is a . A. A bsorption of chemicals. Cosmetic products are carefully formulated to ensure ingredients are delivered to the appropriate site on the skin or hair.
The skin is an effective barrier against penetration which is why even today most medicines have to be swallowed or injected and very few can be absorbed through the skin from topical patches.
The disadvantages and advantages of bureaucracy in the united states
Usc screenwriting alumni
Write a note on dr br ambedkar photos
Starbucks differentiation strategy analysis
Du business plan 400
Good english essay
Writing a college acceptance letter
Crazy cover letters that worked
Understanding chinas unpopular one child policy
Facts on quotations when writing a essay paper
Narrative essay on betrayal
5 paragraph essay outline 3rd grade
Business News, Personal Finance and Money News - ABC News


BANGKOK—Sources close to the Burmese fortnightly magazine Khit-Sann insist that the ruling junta ordered it to stop publishing because of objections to its editorial content.
The ruling State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) has said Khit-Sann —which roughly translates as "New Era"—was forced to close because of financial problems.
On Sept. 15, the Paris-based press freedom group Reporters Without Borders (Reporters sans frontières - RSF) said the junta's censorship bureau ordered Khit-Sann to halt publication on Sept. 1. The government in Burma controls all major media.
"At the rate publications are being closed and pressure is being put on journalists, the Burmese press will soon be limited to official propaganda outlets and a few privately owned entertainment magazines," Reporters Without Borders said in a joint statement with the exile Burma Media Association.
Khit-Sann had been published since August 2003 and was popular with young people and intellectuals.
Reporters Without Borders described it as "one of the very few publications to try to cover current affairs, as well as social, economic and philosophical issues."
Khit-Thit , another privately owned publication, recently received warnings from the government, the group said.
RSF also said the government has been harassing two writers, Ludu Sein Win and Dagon Tayar, after they gave interviews to RFA and Voice of America.
It said they had been criticized in the state-controlled press and that Ludu Sein Win's telephone has been cut for two weeks.
In its latest annual report on human rights around the world, the State Department noted that in Burma, "the government owned and controlled all daily newspapers and domestic radio and television broadcasting facilities. These official media remained propaganda organs of the government and usually did not report opposing views except to criticize them."


Stand steady standing desk understands the concept of ergonomically functioning desks that help to put less stress n your spine and back as well as your entire internal body systems and elevate your health status. With their new stand steady standing desk they make a standing working station that is as steady and sturdy as your desk that you work on while being in a sitting position.
It has been proven through researches from 1995 that standing more than sitting increases the chances for you to spend a healthy life that does not makes you a couch potato at all.
The stand steady standing desk has one tray that is big enough for you to place your entire laptop or your monitor along with keyboard, mouse and additional coffee mug or note book on the desk all in one place. So you can easily stand up after every few minutes of sitting and work according to your height adjustment. This gives you the benefit of standing up and dings your work without needing to replace your computer hardwired at several different places.
The surface area of the desk is of 24 x 20 inches. It is made up of wood plank that is available in 3 different colors including cherry, maple and black and varnished by veneer that gives it the shine and polished look.
One thing being that this is a steady desk instead of an adjustable one hence means that It does not creates a fluid transition from standing and sitting position and you will have to re adjust everything from your sitting desk to your standing desk every time you wish to stand up.
One of the key features of this steady standing desk is that is made up of four sturdy aluminum handles that can be adjusted to different lengths, from 11 inches to 15 inches long. So now you can keep the distance of your standing desk according to your height. If you are tall or short doesn't matters.
This standing desk has it all that makes it possible for you to stand and do your work as comfortably as you would if you were sitting. It is advisable that your standing desk should below the level of your elbow ensuring less strain to your wrist and back and greater working efficiency. With the 4 rods you can achieve that adjustment very easily.
This steady standing desk is made up of a sturdy plank that gives you a great working capacity. The rods are adjustable and you can put them all back together easily. The rods have a rubber base that gives them a good base to stand. The standing desk has a 3 square feet area beneath it that you can use to keep your files or your printer or anything else.
The whole unit weighs 14 pounds in total that makes it easy for you to carry around. Putting all parts together doesn't require any rocket science, takes only 5 minutes. So you can easily take it any where assemble it up and do your work. Additionally it is made in three different sizes that allow you to work according to your capacity. So if you need to handle two different working stations at the same time or one, doesn't matter.
If you are looking for a standing desk that is steady, supports your working stations and all its hardware, and allows you to stand up every now and then to work then this one is the perfect one for you. You can adjust it according to your height so it doesn't matter whether you are tall or short you place all the contents on the working desk at the perfect elevation that you feel comfortable with.
It is a great way to introduce and allow people to welcome this new change that helps to make their lives healthy and ensure that they do not become couch potatoes.
Despite its lack of being adjustable, allowing to replace all the items on and off it every time you plan to stand or sit, this standing desk is resilient takes a great amount of weight and allows you to comfortable place all your belongings on one level. Ergonomically designed, it helps you to lessen your chances of developing any kind of diseases, back ache, or lower your metabolism.
It is because of these properties that this product stands out in the market especially among first timers who want to try out standing desks and has been rated 4.4 stars out of 5.


Built around two 6½" woofers and a 25 mm soft dome tweeter, this large floorstanding speaker is the power-house of the SPEKTOR family. Serving up a detailed, dynamic and powerful audio reproduction, they are the perfect choice for any stereo or surround setup.
The DALI SPEKTOR 6 is the power-house of the SPEKTOR family. Getting this much Hi-Fi performance from a speaker in this price range not only took all of our experience and know-how, but also hours and hours spent in the listening room, improving the driver and crossover designs to create the perfect audio performance.
If you are looking for affordable floorstanding speakers, which delivers a punch, the SPEKTOR 6 is the perfect match for you. They are serving up a detailed, dynamic and powerful audio reproduction and are the perfect choice for any stereo or surround setup in combination with either the SPEKTOR 1 or SPEKTOR 2 compact speakers.
The DALI SPEKTOR 6, like all DALI loudspeakers, has been designed in accordance with our fundamental acoustic and electro-acoustic principles, and a strong belief that clarity and an authentic, honest sound reproduction will get you even closer to the full impact of a live music experience.
surface an uneven stucture, which dramatically minimizes the resonance of the surface. This creates the best possible reproduction of every detail in the audio signal.
The amplifier friendly design makes the SPEKTOR series a perfect fit for almost any of the amplifiers in its price category. No matter if we look at compact Hi-Fi, stereo amplifiers or surround receivers, SPEKTOR will bring out the best in them, showing you just how good music and movies can sound.
The dome tweeter offers best-in-class resolution with an extended frequency response, wide dispersion and low coloration. A clear heritage from our high-end series. The tweeter is based on an ultra-lightweight weaved fabric, which weighs less than half of the market standard (0.056 mg/mm2).
By using only DALI designed and custom-built drivers, the need for frequency correction in the crossover is eliminated. This enables us to design an exact crossover which together with carefully selected quality components ensures that the signal loss is close to zero.
Low frequency driver, Quantity 2 x 6,5"


text:
Home News / southkorea
Fake news kills Mokpo taxi murder victim 'TWICE'
February 24, 2017 February 24, 2017 February 24, 2017 Im's post on Facebook. / Screen captured from Facebook Korean trot singer Im Ji-an, whose younger sister was allegedly killed by a Mokpo...
Im's post on Facebook. / Screen captured from Facebook
Korean trot singer Im Ji-an, whose younger sister was allegedly killed by a Mokpo taxi driver at the weekend, has pleaded with the media and public to stop spreading false claims about her sibling.
Im's sister, 28, died after an alleged failed sexual assault in Mokpo, South Jeolla Province, around 3:40 a.m. Saturday.
Police arrested the taxi driver on Sunday after Im's family filed a missing person report.
Initial reports labeled the case a crime of opportunity by a first-time offender against a drunken passenger, but it was later revealed that Im's sister was not drunk and the assailant was allegedly a repeat offender.
"Her (victim's) colleague, who was with her that night, told us that she was not drunk when she left for home," Im posted on Facebook. "The assailant was also a repeat offender who had a history of nine criminal cases, including a case of assault and unlawful confinement."
Im criticized the taxi company for hiring the driver.
"Please stop accusing my sister of being drunk, who lost her life in an unfortunate incident," Im pleaded. "It is ridiculous that being drunk, riding alone, falling asleep or traveling at late hours makes someone a target for such a horrendous crime."
News southkorea Share


Jasmin Forts, MBA | Chronicles Too!
The Werk Place is an intimate and affordable coworking & workshop event space for women-owned small businesses. Beautiful space was hard to come by while I was conducting events and workshops in my first business Jobbing With Jas. So I took a bet on myself understanding there were so many other women business owners facing the same challenge here in Atlanta. I focus on collaborations and affordability with my space. Bills still have to be paid and typically the business women attracted to my space understand the value in taking relationships offline and being in tangible areas to work with your clients & audience. Jobbing With Jas is a career readiness platform specifically for women of color... on a mission to encourage the beauty of gainful employment. I focus on the cultural aspect of working in Corporate America and other professional spaces.
It started with my own story. Being a college drop out and having to take care of my daughter with limited resources. I knew I wanted to take care of my responsibilities and be an example to her. I never really dreamed of being an entrepreneur, honestly. I still work a 9-5 but operate 2 businesses with an amazing team behind me. Starting Jobbing With Jas I wanted to do workshops and career readiness development specific to the challenges my community faces. Once I started, another obstacle of having affordable space came up. So like most things... I sprung into action and created a solution. That's how I live my life... solution oriented.
I will be speaking at an All-White Brunch panel at Essence Fest this year- super excited for that!
I reached my revenue goal of 15k for Jobbing With Jas last year.
A proud moment was completing my MBA with my husband in 2015.
Another proud moment- passing my certification to be a Certified Career Coach.
SUPER PROUD moment: knowing Thee Werk Place was growing and other women could grow their businesses; so we reopened into a larger space.
Don't major in the minor things of life. It will course correct itself.
My Grandmother, Beverly Callis is the main reason I operate at such a high level. She did not have the luxury of falling back on a plan B, C, D... etc. She made an incredible life for herself. It inspires me daily.


text:
Q: MFC icon works on Windows 7, not on Windows 8.1 I have a MFC/C++ application that is built on a Windows 7 system, where it works fine, and I want to use it on a Windows 8.1 system. It also works on Windows 8.1, but the taskbar icon is the MFC default icon (3 blocks with "M", "F" and "C"), rather than the one I designed for the app.
My icon file includes 16 x 16, 32 x 32, 24 x 24, 32 x 32, 48 x 48, all in 4-bit, 8-bit and 32-bit color--BMP format, and 256 x 256, 32-bit color--PNG format.
The app is being built with Visual Studio 2010.
What do I need to do to get the taskbar (and other icons) to work on Windows 8.1 as well? I can't find any MS documentation on the icon requirements; a pointer to these would also be helpful.
UPDATE: When Windows 8.1 was rebooted, one of my icons appeared in the task bar (don't know which resolution or color depth), so, immediate problem solved. However, I'd still like to know why icon didn't appear immediately, and which format icon is used.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
State on high alert after hackers target 2 agencies in 'phishing' attack
Hackers targeted 2 state agencies in 'phishing' attack
By Lynn Kawano | March 27, 2018 at 9:17 PM HST - Updated September 23 at 11:24 AM
HONOLULU (HawaiiNewsNow) - So-called "phishing attacks" targeted state computers over the holiday weekend, officials confirm.
The attacks came just days after a major international sweep of Iranians who sought to hack into Hawaii state computers.
The first phishing attack happened Saturday when an employee from the Department of Agriculture clicked on a corrupted link.
A warning from the state's IT office was sent out to workers reminding them not to open links without investigating first.
But then on Monday, a state holiday, an employee with the state Department of Human Services did it, too.
The state's chief IT security officer, Vincent Hoang, said both times alarms went off immediately and they were able to limit the damage to just the affected employees' inboxes. Hoang said they believe the two cases are connected and the emails come from the same source.
However, Hoang doesn't know if they are connected to a sweeping federal indictment last week of nine Iranians.
"The timing is very coincidental and quite honestly, I don't know if we'd be able to answer one way or the other," he said.
Hawaii was listed as a target of the Iranian group that went after state and university systems all over the world.
Former Honolulu Police Department cyber crimes expert Chris Duque said if this past weekend's incidents are not part of that group, it could be copycats who saw Hawaii as easily compromised.
"They'll try and test the waters," he said.
Cyber crimes are difficult to trace since most of the emails originate overseas.
Hoang said the state's security in place helps defend against millions of individual attacks every year, but every once in awhile one will get through.
He admits that two in one weekend is alarming, though, and said the state depends on employees to be the last line of defense.
"We can throw a lot of technology at it but at the end of the day, the best defense is relying on our users by educating them," he said.
Hoang added that the state conducts mock cyber attacks sending out fake links to see how many state workers click on them. He said they have had positive results with only a relatively small group falling for the test scam.
He added the two attacks did not penetrate the state's internal system so no resident information was compromised.
Lynn Kawano
Chief Investigative Reporter
Award-winning journalist and reporter for Hawaii News Now, including special projects 'The Case Against The Kealohas' and 'The Search For Peter Boy.'