Published 16 March 2011 Press Release: KinetX, Inc. KinetX Achieves CMMI Maturity Level 3 KinetX, Inc.'s software and systems integration projects in Tempe, AZ have achieved the U.S. Department of Defense's Software Engineering Institute (SEI) CMMI Maturity Level 3. The rigorous assessment, based on SEI's Standard CMMI Based Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPI) Class A, was led by Software Quality Center's (SQC) SEI - Carnegie Mellon Certified Lead Assessor, Kris Puthucode.
Speaking on the occasion, Mr. Puthucode said, "This reinforces that process improvement and CMMI programs based improvement can be all-pervasive ultimately ensuring consistency and standardization in processes, and this achievement is a significant one since it makes KinetX join an elite brand of fewer than 1000 organizations worldwide that have achieved CMMI Maturity Level 3.
KinetX, Inc. is an aerospace technologies firm of approximately 70 employees providing software, systems, and hardware engineering and development, and is a recognized leader of deep space engineering and operational navigation for the government and commercial aerospace market. KinetX, Inc. is the only U.S. corporation ever to win contracts to navigate NASA deep space scientific missions (i.e. MESSENGER to Mercury and New Horizons to Pluto).
The Software Engineering Institute (SEI) is a federally funded (US DoD) research and development center (FFRDC) operated by Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, with a vision to improve software and systems development into a well disciplined and systematic approach from an ad hoc and labor intensive approach. Toward this SEI owns and develops Capability Maturity Models (CMM) and Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) which are accumulation of best practices from industry that help organizations to achieve better processes for high quality product delivery capability.
Software Quality Center (SQC) is a high end organizational change management company; a partner with Software Engineering Institute (SEI), Carnegie Mellon University for the CMM-I® Product Suite; and enables organizations to leverage and manage organizational change through the model based improvement programs like CMM and CMM-I. SQC facilitates such organizations through high-end consulting, world-class training and appraisals/certifications against the world's best models and standards like CMMI, ISO 9001, ISO 15504, ISO 27001, ITIL, Six Sigma, IS Security Audits and other services. SQC's multicultural team is comprised of many certified lead Appraisers and consultants. SQC has worldwide offices in the USA and Asia.
Capability Maturity Model (CMM) and CMMI are registered in the US Patents and Trademarks Office by Carnegie Mellon.
SEI is a service mark of Carnegie Mellon University.
For further information please email the company President and CEO, Kjell Stakkestad, at kjell@kinetx.com. The company website is www.kinetx.com.


text:
\section{Experimental Device and Setup}

\noindent Our experimental system consists of a superconducting transmon
qubit dispersively coupled to two rectangular microwave cavities,
which are machined with high purity 5N5 aluminum. The transmon qubit
is used as the ancilla, fabricated on a sapphire substrate with an energy relaxation time of $30~\mathrm{\mu s}$ and a pure dephasing time of $120~\mathrm{\mu s}$. The storage cavity has a single-photon lifetime of $143\,\mathrm{\mu s}$ with its lowest four Fock levels being employed as the qudit with a dimension of $d=4$. The ancilla qubit can be read out with a high
fidelity through another cavity with a lifetime of 44~ns. The detailed geometry of the device and measurement setup can be found in our previous work~\cite{Hu2019}.

The system Hamiltonian is given by
\begin{equation}
H/\hbar=\omega_{\mathrm{s}}a^{\dagger}a+\omega_{\mathrm{a}}\ket{e}\bra{e}-\chi_{\mathrm{s}}a^{\dagger}a\ket{e}\bra{e},\label{eq:Hamiltonian}
\end{equation}
where $a$ and $a^{\dagger}$ are the ladder operators of the storage
cavity with a mode frequency $\omega_{s}/2\pi=7.634~\mathrm{GHz}$,
$\omega_{a}/2\pi=5.692~\mathrm{GHz}$ is the transition
frequency of the transmon between the ground state $\left|g\right\rangle $
and the excited state $\left|e\right\rangle $, and $\chi_{s}/2\pi=1.90~\mathrm{MHz}$
is the dispersive coupling strength between the transmon and the storage
cavity.

The general architecture and scheme for realizing the arbitrary quantum operation
(AQuO) are illustrated in Fig.~1 in the main text. The AQuO can be realized in three steps: (i) a unitary gate on the composite of the quantum system and the ancilla, (ii) the readout of the ancilla, and (iii) the reset of the ancilla.

Step (i) corresponds to a universal control of the closed composite of the quantum system and the ancilla. According to the nonlinear interaction
Eq.~(\ref{eq:Hamiltonian}), an arbitrary unitary gate could be realized
by using selective number-dependent arbitrary phase gates (SNAP)~\cite{Krastanov2015,Heeres2017} on the ancilla in combination with displacement gates on the cavity. In this work, we instead use the gradient ascent pulse engineering (GRAPE) method~\cite{Khaneja2005,DeFouquieres2011} to numerically optimize the control pulses based on carefully calibrated experimental parameters to realize the unitary gates. We note that the GRAPE pulse length is mainly limited by the dispersive coupling strength $\chi_{s}$, and for a moderate $d\leq5$, the pulse length is pretty independent of the number $d$ of the Fock levels that are employed. However, when $d$ gets even larger, the higher-order terms of the cavity-transmon interaction and decoherence effects will start to matter, demanding higher control precision and longer pulse length. The control microwave drives are generated by field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) based on all previously recorded ancilla measurement outcomes in the classical register. The fast real-time adaptive control is the key technology for AQuO and is also realized with the FPGAs with home-made logics.

For step (ii), the quantum state of the ancilla qubit is read out with the
assistance of a readout cavity mode and a Josephson parametric amplifier~\cite{Hatridge,Murch}.
The readout results are requisite, registered, and processed by the FPGAs. With our current experimental apparatus, the readout fidelities are $>$99.9\% for $\ket{g}$ and 98.9\% for $\ket{e}$ of the ancilla qubit with a measurement time of $320~\mathrm{ns}$.

In step (iii), to reset the ancilla qubit requires no effect on the
photonic system during the resetting process. In our experiment, we use the measurement-based adaptive control to reset the ancilla qubit by applying a $\pi$-pulse conditional on the measurement outcome $\ket{e}$ of the ancilla.

In addition to the realization of AQuOs with the circuit in Fig.~1
in the main text, we also need to characterize the performance of
AQuOs by process tomography~\cite{Nielsen}. The process tomography of the AQuOs is realized with the assistance of the ancilla by preparing the qudit into a set of linearly independent basis states and performing the state tomography on the output of the AQuOs. The initialization and measurement of the qudit are achieved via the encoding and decoding gates based on the universal control of the composite photonic qudit-ancilla system via the GRAPE method. For example, the encoding and decoding gates for the odd-parity subspace stabilization are
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}\ket{0}\ket{g}\to\ket{1}\ket{g},\\
\ket{0}\ket{e}\to\ket{3}\ket{g},
\end{split}
\label{eq:S2}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}\ket{1}\ket{g}\to\ket{0}\ket{g},\\
\ket{3}\ket{g}\to\ket{0}\ket{e},
\end{split}
\label{eq:S3}
\end{equation}
respectively.

\section{Basics about quantum operations}

\subsection{Kraus operators}

The open quantum system dynamics has many representations, such as
superoperators in Liouville space, Kraus operators, Choi matrix, and
system-environment representations~\cite{Gilchrist2005,Nielsen}.
The Kraus representation of a quantum operation can be written as~\cite{Nielsen}
\begin{equation}
\rho_s\mapsto\mathcal{E}\left(\rho_s\right)=\sum_{j=0}^{l-1}E_{j}\rho_s E_{j}^{\dagger},\label{eq:SI-channel}
\end{equation}
where $1\le l\le d^{2}$ ($d$ is the Hilbert space dimension), $\rho_s$ is the density matrix of the quantum system, and the Kraus operators satisfy
\begin{equation}
\sum_{j=0}^{l-1}E_{j}^{\dagger}E_{j}=\mathbf{I},
\end{equation}
where $\mathbf{I}$ is the unity matrix.

Without being limited by the experimental resources, the conventional
approach to realize an AQuO on a $d$-dimensional quantum system is to
introduce an extra ancillary system serving as the environment to dilate the whole Hilbert space. A unitary gate on the composite quantum system-ancilla is then implemented followed by the ancilla reset. For an ancilla with a dimension
of $l$, the unitary gate is given by
\begin{equation}
U=\begin{pmatrix}E_{0} & * & ... & *\\
E_{1} & * & ... & *\\
... & * & ... & *\\
E_{l-1} & * & ... & *
\end{pmatrix},
\end{equation}
with the dimension of the whole system being $d\times l$. Here, `{*}'
means the specific matrix element is trivial because it will not affect
the target quantum system. We then have:
\begin{equation}
U\left[\ket{0}\bra{0}\otimes\rho_{s}\right]U^{\dagger}=\Sigma_{j_{1}j_{2}}\ket{j_{1}}\bra{j_{2}}\otimes E_{j_{1}}\rho_{s}E_{j_{2}}^{\dagger}.\label{eq:Kraus-Environment}
\end{equation}
Here, $E_{j}$ is the Kraus operator with a dimension of $d$, the subscript $j$ denotes the outcome of the ancilla in its orthonormal basis
$\ket{j}$ ($j\in\left\{ 0,...,l-1\right\} $) after implementing
the unitary gate $U$, and the initial state of the ancilla is $\left|0\right\rangle$. Tracing out the ancilla, one gets the quantum operation
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{E}(\rho_{s})=\Sigma_{j=0}^{l-1}E_{j}\rho_{s}E_{j}^{\dagger}.
\end{equation}

Note that the quantum operation is invariant with respect to the choice
of the ancilla basis. Therefore, for an arbitrary ancilla
basis $\left|\tilde{\psi}_{k}\right\rangle =\sum_{j=0}^{l-1}u_{kj}^{*}\left|j\right\rangle $
with an $\tilde{l}\times\tilde{l}$ unitary transformation $\boldsymbol{u}$
with a dimension $\tilde{l}\geq l$, we have the corresponding
Kraus operator representation as
\begin{align}
 & \mathrm{Tr}\left[U\ket{0}\bra{0}\otimes\rho_{\mathrm{s}}U^{\dagger}\right]\nonumber \\
 & =\sum_{k=0}^{\tilde{l}-1}\left\langle \tilde{\psi}_{k}\right|\Sigma_{j_{1}j_{2}}\ket{j_{1}}\bra{j_{2}}\otimes E_{j_{1}}\rho_{\mathrm{s}}E_{j_{2}}^{\dagger}\left|\tilde{\psi}_{k}\right\rangle \nonumber \\
 & =\sum_{k=0}^{\tilde{l}-1}\left[\sum_{j_{1}}\langle \tilde{\psi}_{k}\left|j_{1}\right\rangle E_{j_{1}}\right]\rho_{\mathrm{s}}\left\{ \left[\sum_{j_{2}}\langle \tilde{\psi}_{k}\left|j_{2}\right\rangle E_{j_{2}}\right]\right\} ^{\dagger}\nonumber \\
 & =\sum_{k=0}^{\tilde{l}-1}F_{k}\rho_{s}F_{k}^{\dagger},\label{eq:Kraus-transformation}
\end{align}
with $F_{k}=\sum_{j}u_{kj}E_{j}$.

This indicates that both the Kraus representation of an operation and the approach to realize a given quantum operation are not unique. The Kraus rank of an operation ($m$) is the number of the irreducible Kraus operator elements, which satisfies $1\leq m\leq d^{2}$.
Therefore, for AQuOs this conventional method needs an ancilla with
a dimension of $d^{2}$ and an arbitrary unitary gate on a $d^{3}$-dimensional
Hilbert space.

\subsection{Master equation}

It is well-known that the continuous evolution of an open quantum system
follows the master equation, in the Lindblad form as~\cite{Petruccione2002,gardiner2004quantum}
\begin{align}
\frac{d}{dt}\rho_s\left(t\right) & =\sum_{j=0}^{l-2}\kappa_{j}\left(2o_{j}\rho_s\left(t\right)o_{j}^{\dagger}-o_{j}^{\dagger}o_{j}\rho_s\left(t\right)-\rho_s\left(t\right)o_{j}^{\dagger}o_{j}\right).\label{eq:SI-masterEq-2}
\end{align}
Here, $\kappa_{j}$ and $o_{j}$ are the rate and the operator for the $j$-th decoherence process, respectively. To mimic an arbitrary decoherence
process of a quantum system, we could construct $l-1$ independent
environments $\sum_{\omega}b_{j}\left(\omega\right)$, with $b_{j}\left(\omega\right)$ denoting the bosonic operator for a continuum mode at a frequency $\omega$ of the $j$-th environment, and realize the system-environment coupling Hamiltonian $H_{j}=\sum_{\omega}\left[g_{j}\left(\omega\right)b_{j}\left(\omega\right)o_{j}^{\dagger}+g_{j}^{*}(\omega)b_{j}^{\dagger}\left(\omega\right)o_{j}\right]$.
For a Markovian environment, $g_{j}\left(\omega\right)\approx g_{j}$
is independent of $\omega$ and we could derive the Lindblad form
of the master equation by tracing over the environments, and the corresponding
decoherence rates $\kappa_{j}=g_{j}^{2}\rho_{j}$ with $\rho_{j}$
denoting the density of the continuum states for the $j$-th environment. Therefore,
such an analog approach to realize the open quantum system evolution
is resource demanding because of the challenges in the construction
of Markovian environments and arbitrary system-environment interaction
Hamiltonians.

\subsection{Master equation to AQuO conversion}

From another perspective, by discretizing the evolution into steps with
$dt\rightarrow0$, we have the dynamics of the open quantum system
as
\begin{align}
\rho_s\left(t+dt\right)= & \rho_s\left(t\right)+\sum_{j=0}^{{l-2}}\mathcal{L}_{j}\left(\rho_s\right)dt\nonumber\\
& +\mathcal{O}\left[\sum_{j=0}^{{l-2}}\left(\kappa_j dt\right)^{2}\rho_s\left(t\right)\right].
\label{eq:Master-Kraus}
\end{align}
with Liouvillian $\mathcal{L}_{j}$ describing the incoherent evolution.
Introducing the Kraus operators
\begin{align}
E_{j} & =\sqrt{2\kappa_{j}dt}o_{j},~\mathrm{for}~j\in\left[0,l-2\right]\\
E_{l-1} & =\mathbf{I}-\sum_{j=0}^{l-2}\kappa_{j}dto_{j}^{\dagger}o_{j},
\end{align}
we have an equivalent operation on the system as
\begin{equation}
\rho_s\left(t+dt\right)=\mathcal{E}\left(\rho_s\left(t\right)\right)=\sum_{j=0}^{{l-1}}E_{j}\rho_s\left(t\right)E_{j}^{\dagger}+\mathcal{O}\left[\left(\kappa dt\right)^{2}\rho_s\left(t\right)\right].
\end{equation}
Therefore, the master equation evolution could be approximated by
a repetitive implementation of Kraus operators with $\kappa dt\ll1$.

\subsection{Quantum trajectory simulation}

The evolution of an open quantum system, i.e. the above derived master
equation, could also be interpreted as a quantum jump process: the quantum system changes the environment state from $\left|0\right\rangle $ to $\left|j\right\rangle $ randomly and instantly. Therefore, the dynamics of the system follows a stochastic process
\begin{equation}
\rho_s\left(t+dt\right)\mapsto\frac{E_{j}\rho_s\left(t\right)E_{j}^{\dagger}}{p_{j}},
\end{equation}
with the jump probability of
\begin{equation}
p_{j}=\mathrm{Tr}\left[E_{j}\rho_s\left(t\right)E_{j}^{\dagger}\right].
\end{equation}

In numerical simulations, we can implement the quantum trajectory
simulation by estimating $\left\{ p_{j}\right\} $ and generating
a random number $r\in\left[0,1\right]$, followed by choosing the $j$-th jump
if $\sum_{i=0}^{j-1}p_{i}\leq r<\sum_{i=0}^{j}p_{i}$. In experiments,
the AQuOs applied to the quantum system could be treated as generalized measurements by the ancilla, and the system randomly jumps and evolves conditional on the ancilla outcome $j$. When characterizing
the system states, we repetitively perform the trajectories
and thus obtain the results of unconditioned open system dynamics
by averaging over many different trajectories. As indicated by Eq.~(\ref{eq:Kraus-transformation}),
the choice of the quantum jump operators to realize a quantum trajectory
is not unique, and this property of the quantum trajectory simulation
is known as unravelling~\cite{Wiseman2005}.

\subsection{Quantum measurement\label{subsec:Quantum-measurement}}

For a general measurement process, the ancilla interacts with
the quantum system through a unitary gate that has a similar form as the environment-system interaction. According to Eq.~(\ref{eq:Kraus-Environment}), the output of the ancilla reads
\begin{align}
 & \mathrm{Tr}_{\mathrm{system}}\left\{ U\left[\ket{0}\bra{0}\otimes\rho_{s}\right]U^{\dagger}\right\} \nonumber \\
 & =\Sigma_{j_{1}j_{2}}\ket{j_{1}}\bra{j_{2}}\otimes\mathrm{Tr}\left(E_{j_{1}}\rho_{s}E_{j_{2}}^{\dagger}\right).
\end{align}
Therefore, for the ancilla measurement outcome of $\left|j\right\rangle $,
we have the probability of
\begin{align}
p_{j} & =\left\langle j\right|\mathrm{Tr}_{\mathrm{system}}\left\{ U\left[\ket{0}\bra{0}\otimes\rho_{s}\right]U^{\dagger}\right\} \left|j\right\rangle \nonumber \\
 & =\mathrm{Tr}\left(E_{j}\rho_{s}E_{j}^{\dagger}\right)\nonumber \\
 & =\mathrm{Tr}\left(M_{j}\rho_{s}\right),
\end{align}
with a positive operator valued measure (POVM) $M_{j}=E_{j}^{\dagger}E_{j}$.
Therefore, with the same setup for the AQuO, we can perform arbitrary
POVMs on a qudit by recording the ancilla measurement output. As shown in Fig.~3
in the main text, the circuit to realize AQuOs is equivalent to a
binary-tree structure. Therefore, the realization of POVMs by AQuO
is equivalent to the binary search trees for generalized measurements proposed by Andersson and Oi~\cite{Andersson2008}.

\subsection{Process matrix}

Representing the Kraus operators in a certain basis, the quantum operations
can also be expressed by the process ($\chi$) matrix~\cite{Gilchrist2005,Bhandari2016}
\begin{equation}
\rho_s\rightarrow\sum_{m,n}\chi_{mn}\widetilde{E_{m}}\rho_s\widetilde{E_{n}}^{\dagger}.\label{eq:SI-process}
\end{equation}
Here, for a $d$-dimensional system, the $\chi$ matrix contains $d^{4}-d^{2}$
independent parameters under the constraints  $\sum_{m,n}\chi_{mn}\widetilde{E_{n}}^{\dagger}\widetilde{E_{m}}=\mathbf{I}$.
When characterizing the $\chi$ matrix, we prepare a set of complete
input states for each operation which are linearly independent in the density
matrix representation. Then, we reconstruct $\chi$ matrix by tomography of the output states and represent it with a set of complete orthogonal operators.

For a qubit ($d=2$), we choose Pauli matrices as the operation basis.
For $d=4$, we choose 16 operators that correspond to the tensor product
of two Pauli operators by decomposing the system into two qubits.
For $d=3$, we choose complete orthogonal operators Gell-Mann matrices
$\{\Lambda_{i}\}$:
\begin{align*}
\Lambda_{1}=\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 1 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 1
\end{pmatrix}, & \quad\Lambda_{2}=\sqrt{3/2}\begin{pmatrix}0 & 1 & 0\\
1 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0
\end{pmatrix},\\
\Lambda_{3}=\sqrt{3/2}\begin{pmatrix}0 & -1 & 0\\
1 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0
\end{pmatrix}, & \quad\Lambda_{4}=\sqrt{3/2}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 & 0\\
0 & -1 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0
\end{pmatrix},\\
\Lambda_{5}=\sqrt{3/2}\begin{pmatrix}0 & 0 & 1\\
0 & 0 & 0\\
1 & 0 & 0
\end{pmatrix}, & \quad\Lambda_{6}=\sqrt{3/2}\begin{pmatrix}0 & 0 & -1\\
0 & 0 & 0\\
1 & 0 & 0
\end{pmatrix},\\
\Lambda_{7}=\sqrt{3/2}\begin{pmatrix}0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 1\\
0 & 1 & 0
\end{pmatrix}, & \quad\Lambda_{8}=\sqrt{3/2}\begin{pmatrix}0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & -1\\
0 & 1 & 0
\end{pmatrix},\\
\Lambda_{9}=\sqrt{1/2}\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 1 & 0\\
0 & 0 & -2
\end{pmatrix}, & \quad
\end{align*}
where the coefficient in each operator ensures the same
inner product $\mathrm{Tr}(\Lambda_{i}^{\dagger}\Lambda_{i})=3$.

\section{Experimental construction of AQuOs}

For a given target quantum operation, generally in the Kraus operator
representation, we convert it to the system-environment representation
and realize it using the quantum circuit that is shown in Fig.~1 in the main text.

For a rank-2 AQuO, since the ancilla has a dimension of two, we
can directly construct the unitary gate that satisfies
\begin{align}
 & U\left[\ket{g}\bra{g}\otimes\rho_{s}\right]U^{\dagger}\nonumber \\
= & \left|g\right\rangle \left\langle g\right|\otimes E_{0}\rho_{s}E_{0}^{\dagger}+\left|e\right\rangle \left\langle e\right|\otimes E_{1}\rho_{s}E_{1}^{\dagger}\nonumber \\
 & +\left|g\right\rangle \left\langle e\right|\otimes E_{0}\rho_{s}E_{1}^{\dagger}+\left|e\right\rangle \left\langle g\right|\otimes E_{1}\rho_{s}E_{0}^{\dagger}.
\end{align}
As described in the previous sections, the AQuOs require universal control
of the composite system-ancilla. We use the GRAPE method in
our experiments to numerically optimize the drive pulses for the desired
unitary gates with the device parameters that are all experimentally
calibrated. For the optimization, a set of arbitrary and completely independent
states have been chosen, and the control pulses are optimized to achieve the highest average fidelity of the output states compared with the expected ones from the target unitary gates. Since the unitary gates on the qudit with $d=4$ in our experiment only affect the first four Fock levels of the storage cavity mode, four completely independent states which are superpositions of the first four levels of the system in combination with the ground state of the ancilla are enough to constrain the target unitary. More states (over complete) for the constraints lead to a higher precision of the optimized control pulses, but cost more time in the optimization.

For AQuOs with higher ranks, we first decompose the AQuOs into a sequence
of rank-2 AQuOs. All the rank-2 AQuOs could be constructed
following the procedure described above. In the follows, we provide
more details of the schemes presented in the main text.

\subsection{Odd-parity stabilization}

To stabilize the Hilbert space spanned by Fock states of odd parity,
i.e. $\left\{ \left|1\right\rangle ,\,\left|3\right\rangle \right\} $
of the photonic qudit ($d=4$), we have engineered the quantum operation with
two Kraus operators
\begin{equation}
E_{0}=\begin{pmatrix}0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 1 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 1
\end{pmatrix},\quad E_{1}=\begin{pmatrix}0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
1 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 1 & 0
\end{pmatrix}.
\end{equation}
We note that under these operators, any state in the odd-parity subspace
$\mathrm{span}\left\{ \left|1\right\rangle ,\,\left|3\right\rangle \right\} $
is conserved. In contrast, any state outside the odd-parity subspace
will be mapped into the odd-parity subspace.

It is also worth noting that a state satisfying $E_{1}\left|\psi_{D}\right\rangle =0$ would be a dark state that remains invariant under these operators. For instance, $\tilde{E}_{1}=\left|1\right\rangle \left\langle 0\right|+\left|1\right\rangle \left\langle 2\right|$ could map states back to the odd-parity subspace, however, there is a
dark state $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\left|0\right\rangle -\left|2\right\rangle \right)$ outside the odd-parity subspace that could not be stabilized. Our choice of the Kraus operators has a matrix rank of two that avoids the dark states outside
the odd-parity subspace.

\subsection{Two-photon dissipation}

To realize quantum Zeno blockade, we need a two-photon dissipation
operation which converts populations from Fock energy levels $\left|3\right\rangle \rightarrow\left|1\right\rangle $
and $\left|2\right\rangle \rightarrow\left|0\right\rangle $ by eliminating
two photons simultaneously. Conventionally, the two-photon dissipation
has been applied in various experiments to allow the stabilization
of non-classical states~\cite{Touzard2018PRX} and realize
quantum gates between bosonic modes~\cite{Franson2004}. For the continuous
variable case, the master equation of the two-photon dissipation process
is
\begin{equation}
\frac{d}{dt}\rho_s=\frac{\kappa}{2}\left[2a^{2}\rho_s\left(a^{\dagger}\right)^{2}-\left(a^{\dagger}\right)^{2}a^{2}\rho_s-\rho_s\left(a^{\dagger}\right)^{2}a^{2}\right],
\end{equation}
with $\kappa$ being the decay rate. In a truncated space ($d=4$), we
can approximate the process as
\begin{equation}
\frac{d}{dt}\rho_s=\frac{\kappa}{2}\left[2o\rho_s o^{\dagger}-o^{\dagger}o\rho_s-\rho_s o^{\dagger}o\right],
\end{equation}
with $o=\sqrt{2}\left|0\right\rangle \left\langle 2\right|+\sqrt{6}\left|1\right\rangle \left\langle 3\right|$.
For $dt\rightarrow0$, according to Eq.~(\ref{eq:Master-Kraus}),
the equivalent Kraus operator representation is $E_{0}=\mathbf{I}-\frac{\kappa dt}{2}o^{\dagger}o$ and $E_{1}=\sqrt{\kappa dt}o$.
For practical experiments, the AQuOs are implemented with a finite repetitive
duration $t_{\mathrm{int}}$, thus we approximate the two-photon dissipation
process through two Kraus operators
\begin{align}
E_{0} & =\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 1 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & e^{-\kappa t_{{\rm {int}}}} & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & e^{-3\kappa t_{{\rm {int}}}}
\end{pmatrix},\\
E_{1} & =\begin{pmatrix}0 & 0 & \sqrt{1-e^{-2\kappa t_{{\rm {int}}}}} & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & \sqrt{1-e^{-6\kappa t_{{\rm {int}}}}}\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0
\end{pmatrix}.
\end{align}
Here, $\kappa t_{{\rm {int}}}$ is the two-photon dissipation parameter
for each implementation of the operation. For the simulation of quantum
trajectory, the operation is implemented repetitively with an interval
of $t_{{\rm {int}}}$, leading to an effective two-photon dissipation
rate of $\kappa$.

\subsection{AQuOs with arbitrary rank}
In this section we will show a general method to construct an arbitrary
quantum channel with arbitrary ranks of Kraus operators. As proposed by Shen $et~al$.~\cite{Shen2017PRB} and also schematically
illustrated in Fig.~3 in the main text, an AQuO with an arbitrary rank
could be realized by $n$-step adaptive implementations of the elementary rank-2 AQuOs (a binary tree with $n$ layers). Here, we take the full-rank AQuO ($\left\{ E_{k}\right\} $, $k=0,...,15$) for a photonic
qudit with $d=4$ as an example, which is illustrated in Fig.~3 in the main text.

(1) The first step is to decompose the AQuO into Kraus operators at
each layer and construct the binary tree for the target AQuO. The first layer realizes the rank-2 AQuO:
\begin{align}
A_{0}^{\dagger}A_{0} & =E_{0}^{\dagger}E_{0}+...+E_{7}^{\dagger}E_{7},\\
A_{1}^{\dagger}A_{1} & =E_{8}^{\dagger}E_{8}+...+E_{15}^{\dagger}E_{15}.
\end{align}
Therefore, we have
\begin{align}
A_{0} & =\sqrt{E_{0}^{\dagger}E_{0}+...+E_{7}^{\dagger}E_{7}},\\
A_{1} & =\sqrt{E_{8}^{\dagger}E_{8}+...+E_{15}^{\dagger}E_{15}}.
\end{align}
Depending on the ancilla measurement output $\{0,1\}$, corresponding to the subscript of $A$, in the first layer, for example, we have
\begin{equation}
\left(B_{00}A_{0}\right)^{\dagger}\left(B_{00}A_{0}\right)=E_{0}^{\dagger}E_{0}+...+E_{3}^{\dagger}E_{3},
\end{equation}
and thus the second layer realizes
\begin{align}
B_{00} & =\sqrt{E_{0}^{\dagger}E_{0}+...+E_{3}^{\dagger}E_{3}}*A_{0}^{-1},\\
B_{01} & =\sqrt{E_{4}^{\dagger}E_{4}+...+E_{7}^{\dagger}E_{7}}*A_{0}^{-1},\\
B_{10} & =\sqrt{E_{8}^{\dagger}E_{8}+...+E_{11}^{\dagger}E_{11}}*A_{1}^{-1},\\
B_{11} & =\sqrt{E_{12}^{\dagger}E_{12}+...+E_{15}^{\dagger}E_{15}}*A_{1}^{-1}.
\end{align}
Similarly, the third layer realizes
\begin{align}
C_{000} & =\sqrt{E_{0}^{\dagger}E_{0}+E_{1}^{\dagger}E_{1}}*(B_{00}A_{0})^{-1},\\
C_{001} & =\sqrt{E_{2}^{\dagger}E_{2}+E_{3}^{\dagger}E_{3}}*(B_{00}A_{0})^{-1},\\
C_{010} & =\sqrt{E_{4}^{\dagger}E_{4}+E_{5}^{\dagger}E_{5}}*(B_{01}A_{0})^{-1},\\
C_{011} & =\sqrt{E_{6}^{\dagger}E_{6}+E_{7}^{\dagger}E_{7}}*(B_{01}A_{0})^{-1},\\
C_{100} & =\sqrt{E_{8}^{\dagger}E_{8}+E_{9}^{\dagger}E_{9}}*(B_{10}A_{1})^{-1},\\
C_{101} & =\sqrt{E_{10}^{\dagger}E_{10}+E_{11}^{\dagger}E_{11}}*(B_{10}A_{1})^{-1},\\
C_{110} & =\sqrt{E_{12}^{\dagger}E_{12}+E_{13}^{\dagger}E_{13}}*(B_{11}A_{1})^{-1},\\
C_{111} & =\sqrt{E_{14}^{\dagger}E_{14}+E_{15}^{\dagger}E_{15}}*(B_{11}A_{1})^{-1},
\end{align}
and the last layer realizes
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}D_{0000}=E_{0}*(C_{000}B_{00}A_{0})^{-1},\\
...\quad\\
D_{1111}=E_{15}*(C_{111}B_{11}A_{1})^{-1}.
\end{split}
\end{equation}

Therefore, after the implementation of four layers of AQuOs, we
realize the Kraus operators $E_{k}=D_{ghij}C_{ghi}B_{gh}A_{g}$ with $k=8^{g}+4^{h}+2^{i}+1^{j}$, as expected. Here $g,h,i,j \in \{0,1\}$ are the measurment outcomes at each layer, respectively. In practice, the operators
may not be invertible, which induces difficulties in calculating the
target Kraus operators for the $m$-th layer $(m>1)$. For example, if
$C_{ghi}B_{gh}A_{g}$ is not invertible, then $D_{ghij}$ in not well defined. To solve this problem, we can replace $(C_{ghi}B_{gh}A_{g})^{-1}$
with $(C_{ghi}B_{gh}A_{g}+\epsilon \mathbf{I}_{d\times d})^{-1}$, where $\epsilon\ll1$ is a small positive number that makes $(C_{ghi}B_{gh}A_{g}+\epsilon \mathbf{I}_{d\times d})^{-1}$ meaningful. Finally, $(C_{ghi}B_{gh}A_{g}+\epsilon \mathbf{I}_{d\times d})^{-1}$ will be cancelled by $(C_{ghi}B_{gh}A_{g})$, so the constructed AQuOs will be unaffected for an infinitesimal $\epsilon \mathbf{I}_{d\times d}$.

(2) The second step is to construct the unitary gates for the rank-2
AQuOs at each layer in the binary-tree construction for the target AQuO (Fig.~3 in the main text). In the example of the rank-16 AQuO, when the operators $\left\{ A_{g}\right\} $,
$\left\{ B_{gh}\right\} $, $\left\{ C_{ghi}\right\} $, $\left\{ D_{ghij}\right\} $
are calculated, we can construct the unitary gates on the composite system-ancilla according to Eq.~(\ref{eq:Kraus-Environment}). Here, the unitary gates constructed by $\left\{ B_{gh}\right\} $, $\left\{ C_{ghi}\right\} $,
$\left\{ D_{ghij}\right\} $ may not be unitary in the whole space of the photonic qudit. For example,
\begin{equation}
U_{D\_ghi}=\begin{pmatrix}D_{ghi0} & *\\
D_{ghi1} & *
\end{pmatrix}\quad
\end{equation}
may not be a unitary gate because $D_{ghi0}^{\dagger}D_{ghi0}+D_{ghi1}^{\dagger}D_{ghi1}$
may not be $\mathbf{I}_{4\times4}$ for the photonic qudit with $d=4$,
while $U_{D\_ghi}$ could be a unitary gate for a subspace of the qudit.
We can use an unnormalized state $C_{ghi}B_{gh}A_{g}\ket{\Psi}$
($\ket{\Psi}$ is an arbitrary state in the whole space of the qudit) to
represent the arbitrary state in the subspace.

\begin{figure*}[hbt]
\includegraphics{second_SIO_construction} \caption{\textbf{Flowchart illustration of the realization of the strictly incoherent operation (SIO).}}
\label{fig:S_SIO}
\end{figure*}

\subsection{Construction of Two SIOs}

The rank-2 strictly incoherent operation (SIO) demonstrated in the main text is given by two Kraus operators
\begin{equation}
E_{0}=\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 1 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0
\end{pmatrix},\quad E_{1}=\begin{pmatrix}0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 1 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 1
\end{pmatrix}.\quad\label{eq:1stSIO}
\end{equation}
This SIO could be realized directly via a rank-2 AQuO.

The rank-4 SIO is given by four Kraus operators
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}F_{0}=\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0
\end{pmatrix},\quad F_{1}=\begin{pmatrix}0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 1 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0
\end{pmatrix},\quad\\
F_{2}=\begin{pmatrix}0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 1 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0
\end{pmatrix},\quad F_{3}=\begin{pmatrix}0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 1
\end{pmatrix}.\quad
\end{split}
\label{eq:2ndSIO}
\end{equation}
According to the procedure in the previous section, the rank-4 SIO could
be realized adaptively in a two-layer binary-tree construction, as shown by
the flowchart in Fig.~\ref{fig:S_SIO}. As an example of the high-rank
AQuOs, we provide the details of the operations as follows. For a binary-tree with two layers, there are three unitary gates on the composite system-ancilla:
\begin{equation}
U_{a}=\begin{pmatrix}F_{a0} & *\\
F_{a1} & *
\end{pmatrix},\quad
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
U_{b}=\begin{pmatrix}F_{b0} & *\\
F_{b1} & *
\end{pmatrix},\quad
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
U_{c}=\begin{pmatrix}F_{c0} & *\\
F_{c1} & *
\end{pmatrix}.\quad
\end{equation}
Each unitary gate together with a measurement and reset of the ancilla realizes a rank-2 AQuO and the corresponding Kraus operators
(\{$F_{a0},F_{a1}$\}; \{$F_{b0},F_{b1}$\}; \{$F_{c0}$, $F_{c1}$\})
in Fig.~\ref{fig:S_SIO} are given by
\begin{equation}
F_{a0}=\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 1 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0
\end{pmatrix},\quad F_{a1}=\begin{pmatrix}0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 1 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 1
\end{pmatrix},\quad
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
F_{b0}=\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0
\end{pmatrix},\quad F_{b1}=\begin{pmatrix}0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 1 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0
\end{pmatrix},\quad
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
F_{c0}=\begin{pmatrix}0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 1 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0
\end{pmatrix},\quad F_{c1}=\begin{pmatrix}0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 0 & 1
\end{pmatrix}.
\end{equation}
It is easy to verify that $F_{0}=F_{b0}F_{a0}$, $F_{1}=F_{b1}F_{a0}$,
$F_{2}=F_{c0}F_{a1}$, $F_{3}=F_{c1}F_{a1}$, and $F_{0},\,F_{1},\,F_{2},\,F_{3}$
are the set of Kraus operators [Eq.~(\ref{eq:2ndSIO})] that represent the target rank-4 SIO
[$\varepsilon_{F}(\rho_{s})=\Sigma_{i=0}^{3}F_{i}\rho_{s}F_{i}^{\dagger}$]
for the photonic qudit. It is worth noting that the construction of this
SIO is equivalent to a projection measurement of the qudit onto
the Fock state basis, i.e. the first AQuO implements the measurement
to distinguish the subspace $\mathrm{span}\left\{ \left|0\right\rangle ,\left|1\right\rangle \right\} $
and $\mathrm{span}\left\{ \left|2\right\rangle ,\left|3\right\rangle \right\}$, while the subsequent AQuOs $\left\{ F_{b0},F_{b1}\right\} $ and $\left\{ F_{c0},F_{c1}\right\}$ realize the projections on the Fock states.

\begin{figure*}[hbt]
\includegraphics{mixed_state_binary_tree} \caption{\textbf{Flowchart illustration of the preparation of the maximally mixed state of the qudit by the AQuO architecture.} The composite system-ancilla is initialized to $\left|0\right\rangle \otimes\left|g\right\rangle $.}
\label{fig:S_State-preparation}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure}[hbt]
\includegraphics{S_FIG1.pdf} \\
\caption{\textbf{Simulated process fidelity of the odd-parity stabilization operation with (a) and without (b) the ancilla decoherence.} Real (left) and imaginary (right) parts of $\chi$ matrix are respectively shown. $\chi_ {\mathrm{simu}}$ (top panels) is numerically simulated through QuTip with the experimental pulses and system parameters, while $\chi_{\mathrm{ideal}}$ (bottom panels) is calculated by ideal numerical matrices. The numbers in the $x$ and $y$ axes correspond to the 16 operators which have the same Pauli matrix forms for two qubits but different basis states $\{\ket{g}\otimes(\ket{1},\ket{3}),\ket{e}\otimes(\ket{1},\ket{3})\}$. The color bars represent the value of each matrix element.}
\label{Fig-gate-fidelity}
\end{figure}

\subsection{State preparations}

In the main text, to show the capability of AQuOs in arbitrary quantum
state preparation, we have prepared two typical states, i.e. the maximum
coherent state (MCS, $\left|\Psi\right\rangle =\frac{1}{\sqrt{d}}\sum\left|d\right\rangle $)
and the maximally mixed state (MMS, $\rho_s=\frac{1}{d}\sum_{j=0}^{d}\left|d\right\rangle \left\langle d\right|\equiv\frac{1}{d}\mathbf{I}_{d\times d}$).
For the pure state preparation, it could be realized by the previously
demonstrated arbitrary unitary gate, by either GRAPE or
SNAP~\cite{Krastanov2015} approach, that transforms the initially pure state Fock
$\ket{0}$ of the photonic qudit to an MCS $\ket{\Psi}=\frac{1}{2}(\ket{0}+\ket{1}+\ket{2}+\ket{3})$.
However, the MMS could not be prepared via unitary gates.

Figure~\ref{fig:S_State-preparation} shows a flowchart of the scheme
for preparing the MMS. The system is firstly initialized to a pure
state of $\ket{0}\otimes\ket{g}$ (brown box). Circles represent unitary
gates for the rank-2 AQuOs. At the first layer, $U_{A}$ maps the
initial state to a pure state $\frac{1}{2}(\ket{0}+\ket{3})\otimes\ket{g}+\frac{1}{2}(\ket{1}+\ket{2})\otimes\ket{e}$.
Then, the entanglement between the ancilla and the qudit is erased by flipping the ancilla state $\left|e\right\rangle $ to $\left|g\right\rangle $ while keeping $\left|g\right\rangle $ unchanged. After this step, the system is prepared in a mixed state. Then, in the second layer $U_{B}$ or $U_{C}$ is applied adaptively according to the
measurement output of the ancilla in the first layer. Here, $U_{B}$ maps state $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\ket{0}+\ket{3})\otimes\ket{g}$
to state $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\ket{3}\otimes\ket{g}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\ket{0}\otimes\ket{e}$
and $U_{C}$ maps state $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\ket{1}+\ket{2})\otimes\ket{g}$ to state
$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\ket{2}\otimes\ket{g}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\ket{1}\otimes\ket{e}$.
By resetting the ancilla to $\left|g\right\rangle $, the final state
of the composite system becomes  $\rho=\frac{1}{4}\mathbf{I}_{4\times4}\otimes\left|g\right\rangle \left\langle g\right|$.

\begin{figure*}[hbt]
\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{S_FIG2} \caption{\textbf{Process fidelity decay time $T_1$ of the stabilized odd-parity subspace as a function of the interval time for different gate fidelities.}}
\label{Figs-process-T1}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}[tb]
\includegraphics{SIC_POVM_chimatrix} \caption{\textbf{$\chi$ matrix of the 4-level SIC-POVMs at each layer of the binary-tree method.} Top panels: $\chi_{\mathrm{simu}}$ is numerically simulated through QuTip with the experimental
GRAPE pulses and system parameters including the decoherence. Bottom panels: $\chi_{\mathrm{ideal}}$ is obtained from the numerically simulated ideal AQuO. The height of each matrix bar indicates the absolute value of corresponding element in the $\chi$ matrix, and the color corresponds to the complex angle. Diamond distance between $\chi_{\mathrm{simu}}$ and $\chi_{\mathrm{ideal}}$ at each layer of the binary-tree construction is also shown.}
\label{Fig_s_ChiMatrix_SICPOVM}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure}[tb]
\includegraphics{Diamond_distance} \caption{\textbf{Diamond distance at each layer of the binary-tree construction for different AQuOs.}}

\label{Fig_S_DiamondDistance}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[tb]
\includegraphics{average_state_fidelity} \caption{\textbf{Average operation fidelity at each layer of the binary-tree construction for different AQuOs.} Solid dots, hollow dots, and stars respectively correspond to the practical experimental condition including all decoherence and imperfections, the condition excluding the ancilla decoherence, and the condition excluding all decoherence. Different colors represent different AQuOs.}
\label{Fig_S_average_state_fidelity}
\end{figure}

\section{Imperfections}

\subsection{Optimal interval time for quantum trajectory simulations}

In the quantum trajectory simulations, we choose a certain interval and repetitively implement the AQuOs. In principle, the continuous evolution of an open quantum system could be simulated perfectly with
ideal unitary operations on the composite system-ancilla with infinitesimal
operation time and fast adaptive control. However, in practical experimental system, there is non-negligible decoherence of the ancilla and the photonic qudit. Because of the finite $T_{1}$ and $T_{2}$ of the ancilla, the fidelities
of the unitary gates are limited for the GRAPE pulses that are optimized based on an ideal ancilla. Considering the errors of the unitary gates, if we implement AQuOs too frequently with a short interval between sequential AQuOs, significant
gate errors would accumulate in the experiments. On the other hand, the
qudit would bear more photon loss errors due to energy dissipation
if the interval is too long. The trade-off between gate errors and qudit photon loss errors leads to an optimal interval time in the simulation of quantum trajectories. In this section, we systematically investigate the optimal interval via numerical simulations of the experimental procedure including the system decoherence.

Figure~\ref{Fig-gate-fidelity} shows the simulated fidelities of the unitary
gates in the odd-parity stabilization operation with
and without the ancilla decoherence in QuTip~\cite{Johansson2012,Johansson2013}.
The process ($\chi$) matrix in Fig.~\ref{Fig-gate-fidelity} are obtained
based on the initial states $\ket{g}\otimes(\ket{0},\ket{1},\ket{2},\ket{3})$ and measured in four bases $\{\ket{g}\otimes(\ket{1},\ket{3}),\ket{e}\otimes(\ket{1},\ket{3})\}$. However, in the presence of decoherence and the imperfection of the GRAPE pulse, the final photonic qudit could have non-negligible leakage to the higher energy levels after the unitary gate, which cannot be detected in the simulation. Therefore, the trace of the obtained output density matrix is smaller than 1. To overcome this problem, we treat the leakage as an appropriate maximally mixed state within the final detection space such that the trace of the output density matrix becomes 1. This treatment of the leakage outside the qudit computational space is valid and similar to the real experiment where the leaked qudit states will be decoded to a mixed state of the ancilla for the final detection. From the numerical results, we conclude that the gate error is mainly attributed to the decoherence of the ancilla qubit, and the resulted gate (process) fidelity is about $96.6\%$.

For the practical implementation of the unitary gates on the composite
system-ancilla, a random error occurring during the gate evolution would
induce unpredictable and random output due to the complex GRAPE control
pulses. Therefore, we could approximate such a decoherence process
as a depolarization channel acting on the system with an equal probability for all possible physical errors during the unitary gate. For a $d$-level
system, the depolarization channel is given by
\begin{align}
\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{dpl}}(\rho) & =p\frac{\mathbf{I}_{d\times d}}{d}+\left(1-p\right)\rho,
\end{align}
where $\mathbf{I}_{d\times d}$ is the $d\times d$ identity matrix
and $p$ is the depolarization probability. This indicates that the output
is equivalent to replace the quantum state by an MMS with a probability $p$.

Then, the process fidelity of the operation compared with the ideal identity
operation is
\begin{align}
F_{\chi} & =\left(1-p\right)\frac{d^{2}-1}{d^{2}}+\frac{1}{d^{2}}
\end{align}
For our case of $d=4$, the probability of the depolarization channel is given by
\begin{align}
p & =1-(0.966-\frac{1}{16})/\frac{15}{16}=0.036.
\end{align}

In our experiments, we actually realize an effective operation approximated
by $\mathcal{\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{dpl}}}\circ\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{Target}}$
when we are targeting to realize an AQuO $\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{Target}}$.
For the quantum trajectory simulations, we repetitively implement
the AQuOs with an interval of $t_{\mathrm{int}}$. With $p\ll1$, the whole
dynamics of the system follows the target quantum trajectory evolution,
while the system simultaneously couples to a depolarization channel
with a rate of $p/t_{\mathrm{int}}$ and a single photon decay channel
with a rate of $\kappa_{\mathrm{s}}$, where $\kappa_{\mathrm{s}}$
is the intrinsic decay rate of the storage cavity. So, for the quantum
trajectory simulations, there is an optimal interval time that balances the photon decay rate, the dephasing rate $\propto K\kappa_{s}t_{\mathrm{int}}$ induced
by the photon decay error and self-Kerr effect ($K$), and the effective
depolarization rate $p/t_{\mathrm{int}}$.

To optimize $t_{\mathrm{int}}$, we numerically simulate the process
fidelity decay time $T_{1}$ with the above depolarization approximation. Figure~\ref{Figs-process-T1}
shows the process fidelity decay time $T_{1}$ as a function of $t_{\mathrm{int}}$ for different gate fidelities. The black solid line correspondes to a gate fidelity of $96.6\%$ and the red cross correspondes to the experimental result for $t_{\mathrm{int}}=12.5~\mathrm{\mu s}$.
The simulation results suggest the process fidelity decay time $T_{1}$ could exceed $180~\mathrm{\mu s}$ if the optimal interval time around $15~\mathrm{\mu s}$ is chosen and a gate fidelity $\geq96.6\%$ is achieved. In practice, there
is also the Kerr effect that would induce extra phases and should be compensated
by carefully designing the GRAPE pulses. Therefore, the GRAPE pulse should
be numerically optimized for each given interval time. Considering
the finite numerical precision and parameter fluctuations in the numerical
optimization, there is a fluctuation of the infidelity varying from case
to case. Comparing the numerical estimation and the experimental result, the experimental process fidelity decay time $T_{1}=184.3~\mathrm{\mu s}$ agrees well with simulation.

\subsection{Process matrix and diamond distance}

To characterize the performance of the AQuOs in practical quantum systems, we compare the practical and the ideal $\chi$ matrices of a rank-16 AQuO for a symmetric informationally complete positive operator-valued measure (SIC-POVM) realized in Fig.~3 in the main text. The $\chi$ matrices are obtained after implementing each layer of the binary tree. $\chi_{\mathrm{simu}}$ is numerically simulated through QuTip with the experimental GRAPE pulses and system parameters including the decoherence, while $\chi_{\mathrm{ideal}}$ is obtained from the numerically simulated ideal AQuO. The results are shown in Fig.~\ref{Fig_s_ChiMatrix_SICPOVM}. It is worth mentioning that after implementing the entire four layers of a SIC-POVM we could reconstruct the input quantum state by recording the probability of measuring each POVM element.

In this section, to characterize the performance of the SIC-POVM we treat it as a quantum operation which could be verified by the $\chi$ matrix. Since there are numerical errors in the ideal $\chi$ matrix due to finite numerical precisions, we set the matrix element's complex angle to be 0 if the element's absolute value is smaller than $10^{-6}$ for the clarity of the ideal $\chi$ matrix. Comparing the simulated and the ideal matrices, it can be seen that our experimental system could realize the AQuO with small imperfections at each step of the binary-tree implementation.

To quantify the performance of each quantum operation in practice,
we evaluate the diamond distance ($D_{\diamond}$) between the numerically simulated ideal AQuO and the physically realizable one. For simplicity, the physically realizable AQuOs are also numerically simulated with the exact experimental pulses and parameters. Then we have
\begin{align}
D_{\diamond} & =||\chi_{\mathrm{simu}}-\chi_{\mathrm{ideal}}||_{\diamond}\\
 & =\mathrm{sup}_{\rho}||(\chi_{\mathrm{simu}}\otimes\mathbf{I})(\rho)-(\chi_{\mathrm{ideal}}\otimes\mathbf{I})(\rho)||_{1},
\end{align}
where the trace norm is defined as
\begin{equation}
||T||_{1}\equiv\mathrm{Tr}\sqrt{T^{\dagger}T}.
\end{equation}
The $D_{\diamond}$ quantifies the difference between two AQuOs as
it is related to the upper bound of the success probability
\begin{equation}
p_{\mathrm{succ}}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}D_{\diamond}
\end{equation}
in the single-shot discrimination of two quantum operations by using an ancilla in the discrimination ($0\leq D_{\diamond}\leq2$).
When $D_{\diamond}=2$, the two operations could be perfectly distinguished.

In Fig.~\ref{Fig_s_ChiMatrix_SICPOVM}, the calculated diamond distance
between the practically simulated and ideal $\chi$ matrices are labeled. To further study the contribution of the imperfections when realizing AQuOs, $D_{\diamond}$'s of SIC-POVMs for $d=2$, 3 and 4
are also investigated, and the results are summarized in Fig.~\ref{Fig_S_DiamondDistance}.
From the results, we find $D_{\diamond}$ for most operations increases with the number of layers in the binary-tree construction. There are also some extraordinary results: $D_{\diamond}$'s of SIC-POVMs for $d=4$ (blue points) and $d=3$ (red points) decrease when implementing the entire layers of the binary tree. Although there are coherent errors from the pulse imperfections and numerical calculations, we conjecture that these coherent errors will be reduced by the incoherent operations. Based on the process matrix of implementing the SIC-POVM ($\chi$ matrix of entire layers) in Fig.~\ref{Fig_s_ChiMatrix_SICPOVM}, the process of SIC-POVMs corresponds to a depolarization channel which is an incoherent operation. That is the reason for the diamond distance to decrease when implementing entire layers of the binary tree. In Fig.~\ref{Fig_S_DiamondDistance}, two SIOs (black points) are presented: the implementation of one layer corresponds to the rank-2 SIO with the Kraus operators in Eq.~(\ref{eq:1stSIO}) and implementation of two layers corresponds to the rank-4 SIO with the Kraus operators in Eq.~(\ref{eq:2ndSIO}). For comparison, we also show the average operation fidelities
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{F}(\chi_{\mathrm{ideal}},\chi_{\mathrm{simu}})=\left[\mathrm{Tr}\sqrt{\sqrt{\chi_{\mathrm{ideal}}}\chi_{\mathrm{simu}}\sqrt{\chi_{\mathrm{ideal}}}}\right]^{2}
\end{equation}
of different AQuOs in Fig~\ref{Fig_S_average_state_fidelity}.

\section{State reconstruction and SIC-POVMs}

\subsection{Density matrix reconstruction}

As shown in the main text and also Sec.~\ref{subsec:Quantum-measurement},
the POVM could be realized by recording the outputs of the ancilla with
the AQuO architecture. In contrast to many other experiments of POVM,
the probabilities of POVM elements acting on state $\rho_{s}$ could
all be measured unconditionally by the AQuO setup. Therefore, it is convenient to reconstruct the density matrix of a quantum system
$\rho_s$ from measurement results of a SIC-POVM, since $\rho_s$ can be easily
reconstructed by a linear transformation of the probabilities $p_{k}=\mathrm{Tr}(M_{k}\rho_{s})$ from the SIC-POVM $\left\{ M_{k}\right\} $. For the schematic shown in Fig.~3(b) in the main text, the system's SIC-POVM has 16 elements for a qudit with $d=4$. In the experiment, $p_{k}$ directly equals to $p_{ghij}$, the joint probability of the four measurement outcomes of the ancilla in the binary-tree construction. For example, $k=7$ corresponds
to $ghij=0111$.

In experiments, a non-positive semi-definite density matrix might be reconstructed from $\left\{ p_{k}\right\} $ by the linear transformation due to physical errors. So, maximum likelihood estimation instead of a linear transformation is used in practice to find a set of probabilities $\left\{ p_{k}^{\prime}\right\} $, based on which the reconstructed density matrix is Hermitian and positive semi-definite and has the minimum distance from the one based on $\left\{ p_{k}\right\}$.

Subjecting the reconstructed density matrix to Hermitian and semi-definite,
we evaluate the quantum state fidelity by
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{F}(\rho_{\mathrm{T}},\rho)=\left[\mathrm{Tr}\sqrt{\sqrt{\rho_{\mathrm{T}}}\rho\sqrt{\rho_{\mathrm{T}}}}\right]^{2}.
\end{equation}
Here, $\rho$ is the density matrix derived in experiment and $\rho_{\mathrm{T}}$
is the ideal target density matrix. The relative entropy of coherence
is given by
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{C}(\rho)=S(\rho_{\mathrm{diag}})-S(\rho).
\end{equation}
Here, $S$ is the von Neumann entropy and $\rho_{\mathrm{diag}}$
is the state obtained by removing the off-diagonal elements of $\rho$
in the Fock basis~\cite{Streltsov2017}.

\subsection{Calibration of SIC-POVMs}

The elements of a SIC-POVM read
\begin{equation}
M_{k}=\frac{1}{d}\ket{\phi_{k}}\bra{\phi_{k}},
\end{equation}
where $k\in\{0,1,...,d^{2}\}$ and the basis state $\left|\phi_{i}\right\rangle $
can be generated by operating $d^{2}$ displacement operators on the fiducial
vectors~\cite{Bent2015PRX}, i.e.
\begin{equation}
\left|\phi_{i}\right\rangle =D_{jk}\left|\phi_{f}\right\rangle ,
\end{equation}
where $j,k=\{1,2,...,d\}$, $d$ is dimension of system, $\left|\phi_{f}\right\rangle$ is the fiducial state, and $D_{jk}$ is the displacement operator that is given by~\cite{Bent2015PRX,Renes2004SICPOVM}
\begin{equation}
D_{jk}=\omega_{d}^{jk/2}\Sigma_{m}\omega_{d}^{jm}\ket{k\oplus m}\bra{m}.
\end{equation}
Here, $\omega_{d}=e^{i\frac{2\pi}{d}}$, $\left|m\right\rangle $
is Fock state, and $\bigoplus$ represents the addition modulo $d$. The
fiducial vectors (not unique) in our experiment for dimensions $d=2$, 3, 4
are
\begin{equation}
\left|\phi_{f}\right\rangle _{d=2}=\begin{pmatrix}0.8881+0.0000i\\
0.3251-0.3250i
\end{pmatrix},\quad
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\left|\phi_{f}\right\rangle _{d=3}=\begin{pmatrix}0.8124+0.0000i\\
0.1677+0.2911i\\
0.2386+0.4125i
\end{pmatrix},\quad
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\left|\phi_{f}\right\rangle _{d=4}=\begin{pmatrix}0.2012+0.0000i\\
-0.3076+0.2570i\\
0.0000+0.4857i\\
-0.1064+0.7427i
\end{pmatrix},\quad
\end{equation}
respectively.

To evaluate the performance of a SIC-POVM, we first prepare all
basis states, and then characterize these states via the SIC-POVM.
Figure~\ref{fig:S_SICPOVM} shows the experimental results of the state
tomography of all basis states by using the SIC-POVM. The average fidelities for all basis states of the SIC-POVM are $96.80\%$, $89.61\%$, and $83.63\%$ for $d=2$, $3$, and $4$, respectively. We notice that the fidelities of some states are higher than the average fidelity of the basis states, and we suppose it is because the probability of measuring the basis state is mostly distributed along only one SIC-POVM element ($25\%$ for $d=4$) while the general states are not the case. For example, the most probability of the measurement outcomes for the MCS ($d=4$) is evenly distributed along four different SIC-POVM elements, while for the MMS the measurement probability is evenly distributed along all SIC-POVM elements. We suppose that a state with more evenly distributed probability of measuring the SIC-POVM elements will be robust against errors in the state reconstruction and tends to have a higher state fidelity.

\begin{figure}[hbt]
\includegraphics{SIC_characterization_Figure} \caption{\textbf{Characterization of SIC-POVMs}. \textbf{(a-c)} Characterization of SIC-POVMs for $d=2$, 3, 4: experiment (left) and theory (right). $x$-axis presents different SIC-POVM elements $M_{x}=1/d\ket{\phi_{x}}\bra{\phi_{x}}$, $y$-axis indicates different prepared basis states $\ket{\phi_{y}}$, and the color represents the probabilities of prepared states measured along the SIC-POVM elements ($p\left(x,y\right)=\mathrm{Tr}\left[M_{x}\left|\phi_{y}\right\rangle \left\langle \phi_{y}\right|\right]$). \textbf{(d, e)} State tomography of the maximum coherent state for $d=2$ (fidelity is 99.44$\%$) and $d=3 $ (fidelity is 95.59$\%$), respectively, by using SIC-POVMs.}
\label{fig:S_SICPOVM}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Comparison with Wigner tomography}

Conventionally, the states encoded in the storage cavity are characterized
by Wigner tomography in the superconducting quantum circuit platform.
In this work, we demonstrate the quantum state reconstruction by a
SIC-POVM unconditionally, and find that our AQuO approach can greatly
save measurement time compared to the conventional approach. Therefore, SIC-POVMs provide an efficient means of quantum state tomography for a quantum system with any finite dimensions~\cite{Bent2015PRX,Renes2004SICPOVM}.

Comparing the SIC-POVM and conventional Wigner tomography, the required experimental measurement time of quantum state tomography on a qudit with $d=4$ by a SIC-POVM (about $3$ minutes) is about $200$ times shorter than that by Wigner tomography (about $10$ hours with the same experimental setup). However, the states reconstructed
by the SIC-POVM have slightly lower fidelities ($92.52\%$ for the MCS and $98.83\%$ for the MMS) than those by Wigner tomography ($99.57\%$ for the MCS and $99.73\%$ for the MMS). This is because that we use a four-layer binary-tree method to implement the SIC-POVM for the prepared states, and the operation errors accumulate in this process (four steps of rank-2 AQuOs for $d=4$)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
MEANINGFUL VOICES
BABA WEUSI
VANISHED MEADOWS
Effects of the Media
Laws & Legislation
REPRESENT REPRESENT
RESOURCES & WEBSITES
Throughout history, there has always been a discrepancy between the treatment of minorities and white people. When it comes to the missing person epidemic, it all started because a 6-year-old white boy named Etan Patz went missing in 1979. His picture was the first to be displayed on milk cartons, as a part of a campaign run by the National Child Safety Council to increase the spread of missing faces. Obviously there were people missing before this but this white boy was a priority and from it came more media attention. Authorities started to realize that the best way to spread the word of people's disappearance was on the side of a milk carton because it was published with more frequency. A police commander Joe Mayo said "Their faces will be there at the breakfast table…. People will have to think about it." This started a major trend of tunnel-visioned media towards missing white Americans. But as time continued America's focus drifted from young white boys to young white girls. This pattern has continued until today with television broadcast, Amber Alerts, and laws and legislation that prioritizes missing white females. Two of the most popular missing people cases are white women that are in their late teens or early 20's, Natalee Holloway and Maura Murray. These women and other missing white women have gained such presence in the media ranging from conspiracy theories to Netflix docuseries. Young women of color disappear at a disproportionate rate yet their stories never get told simply because of the color of the skin. Regardless of where they come from, the skin tone determines the way in which authorities and media support the families in their troublesome act of finding their children. Black children only make up 7% of media references and when mentioned in the media it is after a ton of push back. An example of this would be The Missing DC Girls Movement. It gaged media presence because people were demanding for authorities to help the families through the #MissingDCGirls.
Most of these women are labeled "runaways" causing them to be overlooked by the system and increasing the likelihood of them being sex trafficked and/or murdered. The disregard for these young women has always been present and continues to be as indigenous, black, and Latinx women become the targets of countless crimes. The question is, when will we give a voice to those communities who are frequently targeted.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Hamptons Collegiate Baseball League
#4 Gerard Sweeney - Profile
- Team - HAMPTONS Tomcats Whalers Bucks Breakers Aviators
Position: IF/OF
Birthday: Jan 3, 2000
Hometown: Havertown , Pennsylvania
College: Lehigh U
Draft Status:
Postseason 2019 Southampton Breakers 3 10 1 3 0 0 0 2 3 2 1 .300
Summer 2019 Southampton Breakers 29 102 17 34 4 0 1 20 13 21 2 .333
Total 32 112 18 37 4 0 1 22 16 23 3 .330
Jul 26 Aviators L 7-17 4 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0.462 0.300 0.300 0.762
Jul 25 @Aviators L 3-4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0.333 0.000 0.000 0.333
Jul 24 @Bucks W 7-4 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0.400 0.000 0.000 0.400
Jul 23 @Tomcats W 6-2 3 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0.403 0.402 0.333 0.805
Jul 22 Whalers L 7-11 3 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.409 0.404 0.333 0.813
Jul 20 Bucks W 10-4 3 0 2 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0.407 0.366 0.323 0.773
Jul 17 Bucks W 5-4 4 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.394 0.356 0.311 0.750
Jul 16 @Ospreys W 12-10 4 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0.400 0.360 0.314 0.760
Jul 14 @Whalers W 9-8 5 2 3 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.411 0.354 0.317 0.765
Jul 12 @Road Warriors L 1-6 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0.400 0.325 0.299 0.725
Jul 11 @Tomcats L 0-11 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.407 0.329 0.301 0.736
Jul 10 @Ospreys L 5-6 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.410 0.329 0.300 0.739
Jul 8 Road Warriors W 2-1 4 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.430 0.348 0.318 0.778
Jul 7 @Bucks W 7-2 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0.427 0.339 0.306 0.766
Jul 6 @Tomcats L 4-9 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0.408 0.322 0.288 0.730
Jul 2 Bucks W 6-3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0.410 0.320 0.280 0.730
Jul 2 Bucks L 0-5 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.431 0.340 0.298 0.771
Jun 28 @Aviators L 8-10 5 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.436 0.341 0.295 0.777
Jun 26 Aviators L 5-11 5 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.460 0.359 0.308 0.819
Jun 23 @Whalers W 8-1 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.489 0.353 0.324 0.842
Jun 22 Ospreys W 10-5 4 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0.541 0.385 0.346 0.926
Jun 20 Road Warriors T 7-7 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0.563 0.409 0.364 0.972
Jun 15 Whalers W 10-4 2 3 1 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0.571 0.421 0.368 0.992
Jun 14 Aviators L 3-7 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0.522 0.412 0.353 0.934
Jun 11 @Road Warriors L 4-8 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.444 0.400 0.333 0.844
Jun 9 @Aviators L 0-10 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.615 0.600 0.500 1.215
Jun 8 Ospreys W 16-6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.700 0.714 0.571 1.414
Jun 8 Ospreys L 4-5 4 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.667 0.714 0.571 1.381
Jun 1 Aviators L 6-15 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0.600 0.667 0.333 1.267


Viya will continue to update the public with any developments as they occur. As a reminder, this information is also available and regularly updated online at www.Viya.vi/wifi.
Viya has set up Viya-Fi Free WiFi Hotspots in central areas across St. Thomas, St. John and St. Croix. Below is a list of locations where everyone is invited to log on free to VIYA-FI_FREE_ACCESS and use Viya's Internet service to contact loved ones, conduct business et cetera. Viya understands the challenges people are facing, and it is doing its best to restore communications to all of the community.


As you might imagine, Textile Exchange specializes in promoting sustainable, fair trade fabrics. They also focus on textile manufacturing and production, and they have some hefty partners, including (surprisingly, to me) H&M and WalMart, as well Target, Patagonia, Nike, REI and other big names.
Fair Trade USA focuses on helps raise awareness about fair trade here in the US. They also provide the knowledge and tools farmers need to thrive as international businesspeople (which includes them getting a fair wage for their hard work).
So what's the partnership going to do? Well, the alliance is going to strengthen both organization, but seems to be a bigger boon for FairTrade USA. FairTrade USA will now have an open door to the heavy-hitting companies that are already associated with Textile Exchange. Because of this, awareness will only continue grow, and more people will begin to recognize the importance of fair trade standards, and its benefits.
The two organizations are going to focus specifically on cotton. The price of cotton is at a 15-year high right now. However, suppliers are increasingly looking for ways to get cotton at the cheapest price, to keep their own costs low. Fair trade experts are afraid that, even though cotton is booming, the farmers and workers who plant and harvest this cotton will be more undercut than ever. This partnership between Textile Exchange and FairTrade USA will help ensure this doesn't happen. And we say…yay to that!


text:
- subject is "Leis"
[Los Angeles Mayor Sam Yorty presenting Nisei Veterans Week proclamation at Los Angeles City Hall, Los Angeles, California, June 25, 1970]
(96.267.1148)
[Fiftieth anniversary of Reverend Herbert V. and Mrs. Madelaine W. Nicholson at Free Methodist Church, Los Angeles, California, January 31, 1971]
[Mr. and Miss Hamaguchi arriving at Los Angeles International Airport, Los Angeles, California, July 24, 1955]
(96.267.285)
[Miss Nisei Week Stella Nakadate arriving from Hawaii at Los Angeles International Airport, Los Angeles, California, September 10, 1955]
[Yukio Ozaki arriving with daughter at Pan American runway at Los Angeles International Airport, Los Angeles, California, May 16, 1950]
[Disneyland's invitation to teacher : taken at Pan American airport, March 30, 1956]
[Pacific Southwest Japanese American Citizens' League District Council preconvention rally at Riviera Club in Redondo Beach, Los Angeles, California, July 28-29, 1956]
July 28, 29, 1956
["1958 Miss Spirit of the New Year" at annual Nisei Veterans Association New Years eve dance at Biltmore Hotel, Los Angeles, California, December 31, 1957]
[National JACL Bowling Association at Statler Hilton, Los Angeles, California, March 15, 1959]
[Daniel K. Inouye honored at a party at San Kwo Low restaurant, Los Angeles, California, September 18, 1959]
[Nihon Minyo Kyokai arriving at Los Angeles International Airport, Los Angeles, California, November 30, 1965]
[Democratic Party political rally, Gardena, California, October 30, 1966]
[Man in hat and leis standing on dirt road, Rohwer, Arkansas, 1943]
(97.292.2S)


text:
Be Queer Right Here at Miami's Best LGBTQ Bars and Parties
By Chris Malone, Thrillist | March 12, 2020
Pride Month heats up across the country in earnest come June, but in the 305, we celebrate Pride in Miami Beach every April. Of course, Miami's LGBTQ+ locals take every opportunity to live loud and proud all year, with a climate that allows you to wear basically whatever you want, whenever you want.
Beyond being a warm weather hotspot, South Florida has a long and storied history as a tropical haven for the queer community. That history has led to Miami's status today as an undiscovered gem for LGBTQ+ folks. Whether you're looking for drag, dancing, Mr. Right, or Miss. Right Now — you know you're in the right place.
"What makes Miami's queer life so great is that it's very mixed and diverse," says local drag queen and Wigwood festival creator Queef Latina. "We don't feel the need to be exclusive and, instead, try to be as inclusive as possible."


 Chocomeet - The best dating website ... open to everyone !
The First dating site for the Diversity !
Tha dating site for those coming from here, for those coming from somewhere else and those coming from anywhere!
The best dating website ... open to everyone !
Opened to everyone, regardless of your age!


text:
Q: Angular 4+ Disable FormControl without disabling the HTML element I'm new to Reactive Forms.
Here is my code where I disable the password from a login form (username and password)
this.loginForm.get('password').disable();

So next time when the form is submitted the password's validators are not checked.
This is good, but is there a way to disable the FormControl without disabling the HTML element?
I want the client to be able to enter the password even if it's not being validated.
Here are the client login steps to understand why I want this behavior:

*

*client fills the username

*on username blur - validate form (just username without password) and check server if the user exists and return the user full name( eg. John Smith). Username field is blurred after the client presses TAB key to go to password field

*while the HTTP request to validate the username is sent to the server, the client should be allowed to enter the password, even if the password FormControl is disabled

*the username is valid( we received response from the server) and we enable password FormControl this.loginForm.get('password').enable();

*the client press the login button to validate both username and password and make the login.

A: I also stumbled across this problem with a dynamically generated Form that requires explicitly disabling several FormControls to only get a validity value for changed values.
I looked around in the Angular source code and found this:
https://github.com/angular/angular/blob/62e4acc3d1be412e221b20bdc68618a35ba0c1a8/packages/forms/src/directives/reactive_directives/form_control_directive.ts#L128
It is code for the formControl directive, which disables the DOM element. We could just call the same function to reenable the DOM element after disabling the FormControl.
So here is what I did:
In your template:
// Template for MyFormComponent
<form [formGroup]="loginForm">
  <my-component #thisComponent
    [formControl]="loginForm.controls['password']"
    (valueChange)="onChange(thisComponent)"
  />
</form>

In TypeScript:
@Component({
  selector: 'my-component',
  // ...
})
class MyComponent implements ControlValueAccessor {
  // implement ControlValueAccessor...
}

@Component({
  // ...
})
class MyFormComponent {
  loginForm = new FormGroup({
    password: new FormControl('')
  });

  onChange(valueAccessor: ControlValueAccessor): void {
    this.loginForm.get('password')!.disable();
    if (valueAccessor.setDisabledState) {
      valueAccessor.setDisabledState(false);
    }
  }
}

Remarks:
You don't need a custom Component which implements ControlValueAccessor as long as the HTMLElement you're using implements the DefaultValueAccessor as can be seen here:
https://github.com/angular/angular/blob/62e4acc3d1be412e221b20bdc68618a35ba0c1a8/packages/forms/src/directives/default_value_accessor.ts#L62-L75

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
A richly engraved beaker
Jacob Sakes, Kollum, 1642
Home / A richly engraved beaker
The tapering silver beaker is raised on a flat even foot with a rope-twist rim and is decorated overall with a detailed engraving. A double band interspersed by three grotesques between scrolls is engraved below the rim, surmounting three oval medallions, of which two are vacant coat-of-arms with crest, while the third medallion is engraved with the coat-of-arms of Botnia, a harnessed arm with sword surmounted by the crest. The medallions are surrounded by scrolls, branches and flowers. Three pendant leafy branches are depicted between the three medallions. The Botnia coat-of-arms engraved in one of the medallions is connected to Gajus van Botnia (1626-1678), later called Botnia van Broersma, an important citizen of Kollum. In 1638, at the age of twelve, his affluent cousin Gadie Hessels van Broersma made him his universal heir. Gajus van Botnia married Jetscke van Rosema, from the country house in Kollum that bears the same name. Her father was dike warden and receiver-general of the municipality Kollummerland and attorney of the county's gatherings. This last position was handed over to his son-in-law Gajus, who carried out this function between 1656 and 1673. He lived with his wife at the Rosema estate in Kollum, that she had inherited from her parents. He is buried in the church in Kollum.
An extensive hunting scene with two men hunting birds is engraved above the footrim. The figure on the right wears the rich costume of a falconer. A second horseman is hunting deer with a pack of dogs in tow, one dog is biting a deer in its tail. On the background are a church, smaller buildings, a tower and trees. The base is engraved with the letters B : E and No. 1. These hunting scenes are based on the print 'The Hunt' by the French draughtsman and engraver Jacques Callot (1592-Nancy-1653) who worked at the court of the Medici in Florence. During the last ten years of his life he lived in France and travelled to the Netherlands, where Rembrandt was an admirer and large collector of his work. Jacob Sakes was active from 1642 until before 1662. He was the son of the silversmith Sake Paulus and his wife Anschen Eesgens, also from Kollum. Jacob's brother Paulus was a silversmith in Dokkum. He was married to Tieltje Brongersma. In 1652 he was indebted to the Leeuwarden silversmith Willem Olthof for silverwork. In that same year, he often borrowed money using silverwork and gold as a deposit. This may be the reason why he was placed under guardianship of his uncle Jacob Paulus, silversmith in Balk, after the death of his father.
Private collection, the Netherlands


text:
More About This week's Chicago Fire, Law & Order: SVU and Chicago PD Crossover
Crossovers between series are all the rage nowadays. Networks such as Nickelodeon, Disney, ABC, and NBC have aired TV show episodes that crossover into another one of their shows. Next week, NBC will a story line that spans across three of its hit series.
The story will begin in this weeks 'Chicago Fire' episode entitled "Nobody Touches Anything (1)". In the episode, Firehouse 51 is called to a house fire where they rescue the injured owner. In the owner's hands is a box with some very unsettling contents in it. Lt. Severide will hand the box over to the Intelligence Team at the local P.D.
The story continues in the weeks episode of 'Law & Order: SVU' entitled "Chicago Crossover (2)", Sergeant Voight and Detective Lindsey of the Chicago PD trace the contents to a suspect who was last seen in New York City. There Sergeant Benson and her SVU team follow a new lead that could be connected to Voight's case.
The crossover concludes in the weeks episode of 'Chicago PD' in an episode entitled "They'll Have to go Through Me (3)". The episode will put New York City's SVU team and Chicago's Intelligence Team in a race against time to locate and take down a pedophile ring before it's too late.
NBC's crossover event will air over two days beginning Tuesday November 11 with 'Chicago Fire' at 10pm, and ending Wednesday with the episodes of 'Law & Order: SVU' at 9pm and then 'Chicago PD' at 10pm. Do you normally watch one or two of these shows and this week will you be tuning into all three?
- Chicago Fire
- Chicago P.D.
- Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
- NBC
Written by: Patience Janaury
Image courtesy of Tvline
rtruell
Level 1 (36%)
Since: 17/Apr/12
Message Posted On Nov 8th, 2014, 10:12 am
Of the three, the only one I don't normally watch is SVU, but I'll be watching it this week because of the crossover.
davidh
Level 1 (4%)
Since: 13/Nov/13
Message Posted On Nov 8th, 2014, 8:27 am
I've been a fan of SVU for ages but this season is the worst, but I'll watch that episode just becase Sophia Bush is in it :)
Sharon Osbourne Reveals The Osbournes Are Returning!
Natalie J Robb Reveals All About Adam's Prison Beating in Emmerdale
ABC says 'Don't Trust the B,' and other TV to Rage About Tonight
Welcome to Wednesday, April 11th! Your round of weekly TV continues on..
Return of the 'Revenge,' and Other TV to Rage About Tonight
Welcome to Wednesday, April 18th! Your round of weekly TV continues as..
'Law & Order: SUV' Role For Chloe Sevigny
Oscar nominee Chloe Sevigny's normally nonconforming roles are gracing..
• Discuss Chicago Fire
• Discuss Chicago P.D.
• Discuss Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
Law & Order: SVU | Chicago Fire | Chicago PD | NBC Crossover
TOS | Privacy | Copyright | Contact | ReadText


text:
Correspondence, 1821-1885
Writings, 1825-circa 1872
Financial Records, 1826-1848
Catalogs, 1837-1871
Ephemera and Miscellaneous Printed Material, undated, 1832-1904
George Catlin papers, undated
Catlin, George, 1796-1872
The papers of George Catlin in the Archives of American Art were digitized in 2005 from 2 reels of microfilm. The papers have been scanned in their entirety, and total 2,360 images.
Funding for the digitization of the microfilm of this collection was provided by the Terra Foundation for American Art.
Summary: The collection comprises 2.3 feet of papers concerning George Catlin's creation and promotion of his famed "Indian Gallery" of paintings, drawings, and artifacts of North American Indians. Dating from 1821 through 1904, with one item dated 1946, the papers include letters, notebooks and journals, receipt books and loose receipts, printed materials, and other documentation. The bulk of the collection focuses on Catlin's efforts to promote the sale of his gallery to the United States government through tours, including London and Paris, and petitions to various governments to purchase the Gallery. Among the rare printed catalogs and petitions in the collection are exhibition catalogs for the U.S., London, and Paris tours, the earliest dating from 1837. Letters and other documents include letters dating from the 1830s from Henry Clay, Thomas Sully, and William Henry Seward commending Catlin's work, as well as Catlin family correspondence and papers dating from 1821 through the 1870s.
George Catlin was born in 1796 in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Although trained as a lawyer, Catlin quit his law practice and moved to Philadelphia in 1823 to begin a career as a portrait painter. He gained membership in the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in 1824, but his career in formal portraiture met with little success. In 1830, Catlin embarked upon his lifetime achievement of documenting the lives, customs, and culture of the declining native American population of the Plains. He spent the next six years traveling, drawing, painting, and writing about the Plains Indians. By 1837, he had amassed enough documentation to hold a major exhibition in New York of Catlin's Indian Gallery of Portraits, Landscapes, Manners and Customs, Costumes, etc. The same exhibition, with an added live show, traveled to London in 1842 and Paris in 1845, where it was met with rave reviews.
The papers of George Catlin were transferred to the Archives of American Art by the Library of the Smithsonian's National Collection of Fine Arts, now the Smithsonian's American Art Museum. Accession records indicate that the papers were once maintained by the Smithsonian's Bureau of Ethnology and were probably part of the orginal 1879 acquisition of Catlin's Indian Gallery by the Smithsonian. Businessman Joseph Harrison rescued the "Indian Gallery" from Catlin's creditors in the 1850s and stored the collection in a Philadelphia warehouse, where it suffered damage from at least two fires before Harrison's widow donated the collection to the Smithsonian.
The Archives holds several related collections of differing provenances related to George Catlin, including a small collection of manuscripts and drawings microfilmed on reel 1191 related to Catlin's work in marine art and documentation. A microfilmed loan of circa 500 items is also available on reel 3277 of letters between Catlin and Sir Thomas Phillipps, 1840-1860, writings by Catlin and material on Catlin's Indian Gallery, including clippings, catalogs, handbills, invitations, drawings and portrait sketches of native Americans, and printed material; a watercolor sketchbook; a list of paintings; and miscellany. Also found within the Archives is one undated letter microfilmed on reel D8 from Catlin, and a collection of art historian William Truettner's research papers on George Catlin.
A Finding Aid to the George Catlin papers, undated
Sully, Thomas
Clay, Henry
Seward, William Henry
Miniature painters
Indians of North America -- Portraits
Ethnological illustrators
Art and race


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Liverpool boss Jurgen Klopp lists the qualities Harry Wilson must improve at Bournemouth
Harry Wilson has been on loan at Bournemouth since the start of the season
Kathryn Batte
Jurgen Klopp has given his opinion on Liverpool loanee Harry Wilson's form at tomorrow's opponents Bournemouth.
Wilson has scored six goals this season, just one behind Harry Kane and Mohamed Salah who have both played more minutes.
The Welshman is not eligible to play against his parent club and Klopp admitted he is pleased he won't have to face him.
"I'm happy to be honest that he cannot play against us, his free-kick is a proper, proper threat," he said.
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"But we have no doubt about Harry's shooting abilities. His skills in that part of the game is incredible, world class for sure."
Klopp explained that the purpose of Wilson's loan is to improve on the other areas of his game but said he was encouraged by the steps he has made.
He added: "Harry is at Bournemouth to improve all the rest of his game as well so being involved, being decisive, being between the lines, using his speed and all that stuff and he makes big steps there. That's really important.
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"They are not on the best run but even there [against Spurs] he scored two goals, nice goals as well, not important enough at the end because they still lost but he kept the game going so good."
Defeats in their last four games have seen Bournemouth drop into relegation trouble. The Cherries sit two points above the bottom three ahead of tomorrow's fixture.


This Ohio State pet jersey has sewn-on twill numbers and lettering, and Athletic O logos on the sleeves and the chest. Each sleeve has scarlet, gray, and black stripes (on the white jersey) or scarlet white and black stripes (on the red jersey). The back features a large printed number with the word "Buckeyes" printed above it. Select your choice of color, size, and number.


Overlooking the glistening shores of Lake Umayo near Lake Titicaca, Sillustani stone towers cast dancing shadows on the parched windswept landscape, drenched by centuries of bitter cold.
As the burial site is just under forty kilometres from Puno, it's easy enough to catch a taxi to this site. Taxis are used to waiting until you finish sight-seeing at Sillustani, for the return journey to Puno.
Public buses are scarce and drop you off around fourteen kilometres from the Juliaca highway, so it's a long walk to the tombs. And, I'm not sure about return buses to Puno.
You can also organise a half-day tour to Sillustani from many travel agents in Puno. The tour typically leaves mid-afternoon and returns at sunset.
We opted to book the small minibus tour with our hostel the Inka's Rest, as Alfredo the manager, is most accommodating and sincere.
As with many conflicting stories in South America that evolve through the ages, some say that Sillustani is the "ancient Peruvian graveyard of wizards".
I can't confirm this mythical description. And, archaeologists have no real concrete explanation for the reason of why these massive stone towers were built.
Due to the very small opening at the bottom of the tower and tapering wide top, another theory is that some of the towers may have been used as grain silos at some point.
Although, it is known that the tombs contain ashes of the "Qulla people – indigenous people of western Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina" that live in the Salta and Jujuy Provinces.
During pre-Inca civilisation, the ancient Aymara – Altiplano people – built these mysterious perfectly cylindrical towers Chullpas, as burial for the elite such as kings, high priests, noblemen, and their extended families.
Some historians believe that between 1,200 and 1,400 AD, the Colla people built the cruder and smaller Chullpas. During the 15th century, the Incas conquered the Colla, and this is when the Incas built the more precise and larger Chullpas. Both of these civilisations followed the Tiwanaku civilisation.
Whilst travelling in Bolivia and if you find yourself in La Paz, which everyone does at some point, a visit to the impressive Tiwanaku Temple of the Sun archaeological site is a must.
The Sillustani towers, which stand from two metres to almost twelve metres in height, are both imposing and mesmerising. Taller towers represent a woman's uterus, in which the deceased was placed in the foetal position.
Although not intentionally mummified, due to the dry environment in the closed tombs, corpses survived for centuries. From the discovered bundles of mummies, the conclusion is that burial did occur in a foetal position.
Sadly, many chambers have succumbed to looting through the ages, as grave robbers thought the tombs contained gold buried with their owners. Many tombs were also left unfinished whilst others have been dynamited by grave robbers over time.
Intricate carvings, which include differing animal shapes such as pumas and lizards, adorn some of the carefully carved stones.
Tomb openings face east – a belief that each day the sun was reborn by Mother Earth (Pachamama).
I'm always amazed that visitors to these incredibly important sites are allowed to walk anywhere, over, or touch almost any artefact. Apart from a little string of yellow tape for safety around some of the more crumbling tombs, no other barriers exist to protect these ancient treasures.
Worth a mention is the picturesque Lake Umayo – home to Sillustani.
The lake stretches about 8 kilometres (5 miles) long and 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) wide. At a height of 3,844 metres (12,612ft), scrambling around this site at this altitude may be challenging for some. The air is thin.
More of a lagoon than a lake and said to be once a part of Lake Titicaca, enjoy the tranquil surrounding vistas, whilst exploring Sillustani's windy and barren burial site.
Absolutely. Especially, if you find yourself in Puno with half a day to spare, then I would highly recommend visiting this archaeological site.
The craftsmanship of the perfectly-cylindrical burial towers such as the ones in Sillustani, cannot be found anywhere else in South America, and hailed as the 'finest constructions of ancient Peru'.
A very brief video of the tombs for you by Brien Foerster – Hidden Inca Tours.
Hi Nicole, glad you enjoyed my post and feel free to share any of my posts with friends and family that may be interested.
One of my oldest memories, around five years old, is visiting the chullpas of Sillustani. That time it was empty, the last time five years ago I went with one of my brothers and we saw other local persons walking casually around those works made by our ancient engineers and nobility as if they were just mundane things. Some say those places should have a free admission for us Peruvians but I am afraid we just would destroy the ruins even more. Also the persons that stole the remains… as you are a foreigner you could think that is a harsh environment but is the opposite. Actually is quite rich. If it looks dry is because we are so high beyond the line were trees are able to grow and our grass has a natural yellow color and seems dry. If people steal is because they are bad persons (in our culture robbery is a higher offense even than adultery) that they just grab what is not cared. Fortunately I think there are no news as used to be decades ago of robberies of ourselves of our own heritage to sell to private collectors around the world.
I always love reading your comment/feedback and appreciate the time you take to write such in-depth responses. Not only that, it gives an outsider like me a better perspective and hopefully a little more understanding of the situation in your country.
Not knowing a language when travelling is a hindrance, even though I had a few Spanish words and some Italian in Peru – then I'm sure there are also diverse dialects. As a traveller and not knowing the language, I can't fully understand a country's climate unless I meet someone like you that's willing to take the time to explain situations, so that I can learn. I always say that it would be wonderful having that chip to slot in your head so that you instantly know the language for a country in which you travel – imagine how much richer the experience would be…won't happen in my lifetime.
Sadly, the pilfering of precious tombs is not only confined to Peru – take Egypt as only one example. It's also tragic that ancient monuments in countries were dismantled to use the stones for different building materials elsewhere.
Again as a traveller, we make up our own minds of what we see – where I see a barren wasteland, a local sees this same space as rich and diverse, as you mention.
Thanks again for the lesson on Peru!
Fascinating country with interesting stories!
Bedankt om mijn blog te volgen.Wat een fijne foto's en erg goede inomatie vond ik hier.Knap werk.proficiat.
Hi and thank you for leaving feedback. Will check your blog out again.
Yes! I find that even ridiculous to a frustrating point, how tourist are allowed to come so close to artefacts. Same as the coral riffs, people just standing on them..terrible!
Interesting history. Although, the Chullpas look very spooky.
Hi Hariom, actually it was a little spooky walking around these tombs.
Thank you for the great feedback Rebecca. Ha, ha, I always use 'whilst' a legacy of the Brits in Australia I suspect.
It's incredible that these stone structures were built without machinery and worrying that they are now not better protected. Seeing them up close would be great but not too close.
Glad you enjoyed this write-up on Sillustani and thank you for taking the time to comment.
Thank you Emma and Nathan for your great feedback!


An oral history interview gathers and preserves the memories and voices of participants in important historical events. This collection contains oral history interviews from Willamette Valley wine industry members. Content includes video interviews that range from about 45 minutes to two hours.