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Rangpur, Bangladesh
(Redirected from Rangpur City)
This article is about the city. For the administrative units, see Rangpur District and Rangpur Division.
Metropolis in Bangladesh
Metropolitan City in Rangpur Division, Bangladesh
From top: City at night, Tajhat Palace, Rangpur Cadet College, Chikli vata lake, Begum Rokeya University, Town Hall
Nickname(s):
Expandable map of Rangpur
Location in Rangpur Division, Bangladesh
Show map of Rangpur division
Location in Bangladesh
Show map of Bangladesh
Coordinates: 25°34′N 89°15′E / 25.56°N 89.25°E / 25.56; 89.25Coordinates: 25°34′N 89°15′E / 25.56°N 89.25°E / 25.56; 89.25
Rangpur District
Mayor–Council
• Body
Rangpur City Corporation
• City Mayor
Mostafizar Rahman Mostafa (Jatiya Party)[1]
207 km2 (80 sq mi)
239.72 km2 (92.56 sq mi)
Area rank
3rd largest in Bangladesh
34 m (111.549 ft)
• Rank
5th in Bangladesh
• Density rank
• Urban density
3,871/km2 (10,030/sq mi)
Demonym(s)
Rangpuria/Rongpuria (রংপুরিয়া)
UTC+6 (BST)
Rangpur Metropolitan Police
rpcc.gov.bd
Rangpur (Bengali: রংপুর, romanized: Rongpur, lit. 'City of Colour') is one of the major cities in Bangladesh and Rangpur Division. Rangpur was declared a district headquarters on 16 December 1769, and established as a municipality in 1869, making it one of the oldest municipalities in Bangladesh.[3][4] The municipal office building was erected in 1892 under the precedence Raja Janaki Ballav Sen. Chairman of the municipality. During the period of 1890, Shyamasundari canal was excavated for improvement of the town. Sharfuddin Ahmed Jhantu was 1st Mayor of Rangpur City Corporation.
The Municipality is located in the north western part of Bangladesh.[3]Begum Rokeya University is situated in the southern part of the city. Previously, Rangpur was the headquarters of Greater Rangpur district. Later the Greater Rangpur district was broken down into the Gaibandha, Kurigram, Lalmonirhat, Nilphamari and Rangpur districts. In the great Rangpur region, little economic development took place until the 1990s, mainly because of the yearly flooding the region used to see before the building of the Teesta Barrage. Coal is found near this district. There is a large military cantonment in the town, along with a Ghagot park (under military surveillance), in addition to the famous Carmichael College and Rangpur Zoo in the city.
3 Climate
5 Places of interest
5.1 Tajhat Palace
5.2 Carmichael College
5.3 Begum Rokeya University
5.4 Town Hall
5.5 Jadu Nibash
5.6 Zoo
5.7 Vinno Jogot
5.8 Chikli Binodon Park
5.9 Kellaband Mosque (Masjid)
5.10 Pirgachha Landlord House
5.11 Devi Chaudhuranir Jamindar Bari
5.12 Itakumari Jamindar Bari
5.13 Deowan Bari Jamindaar Bari
5.14 Pirgachha
5.15 Chicli vata
5.16 Other places
7 Healthcare
8.1 Newspaper
9.1 Roads
9.3 Air
10 Dialect
Rangpur was conquered by the army of Raja Man Singh, a commander of the Mughal emperor, Akbar, in 1575, but it was not until 1686 that it was fully integrated into the Mughal Empire. Names of places like Mughalbasa (literal meaning being a locality of the Mughals), and Mughalhat (literal meaning a "local market" organised by the Mughals) bear testimony to the Mughal Association and past of Rangpur and its hinterland. Later on, Rangpur passed under the control of Sarker of Ghoraghat. During the period of the British East India Company, the Sannyasi Rebellion took place.[5] Rangapur Ghoraghat has been mentioned in the Riyaz-us-Salatin. During the early period of the company rule fakir-sannyasi resistance and peasant rebellion were held in Rangpur.
Rangpur City is the divisional headquarters of Rangpur Division. The soil composition is mainly alluvial soil (80%) of the Teesta River basin, and the remaining is barind soil. The temperature ranges from 32 degrees Celsius to 11 degrees Celsius, and the annual rainfall averages 2931 mm. Rangpur town, covering an area of around 28 square kilometres, lies on the bank of the Ghaghat river, and was turned into a municipality back in 1869. The population of the Rangpur City Corporation as of 2017 was 7,96,556 with 49% male and 51% female, and the literacy rate is 61%. Establishment of Rangpur City Corporation, as Divisional City is now under way after the establishment of Rangpur Division in January 2010.
Rangpur has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), close to a tropical monsoon climate (Am). The climate of Rangpur is generally charactterised monsoons, high temperature, considerable humidity and heavy rainfall, although the more pleasant "winter" season from November to February is dry with very warm rather than hot afternoons and cool mornings. The average annual temperature in Rangpur is 24.9 °C (76.8 °F). About 2,192 mm (86.30 in) of precipitation falls annually, although there is very little rain from November to March.
Climate data for Rangpur (1990-2019)
(81.5) 35
(108) 42
(34) 3
Average rainfall mm (inches)
(3.1) 291
(0.1) 2,192
Source: Climate-Data.org, Climate data, Microsoft Weather
Bangladesh Bank building in Rangpur
The city is the commercial hub for the surrounding districts. The city centre has a number of government and private banks, insurance companies, residential hotels, Chinese, Thai, Indian, Mexican, Continental restaurants, fast food, sweet shops, gift shop and many more. It is one of the most important economic zones in Bangladesh, because of its global positioning.
Tajhat Palace (Rangpur Divisional Headquarters Building and Museum)
The Coat of Arms of Maharaja Gopal Lal Roy as depicted on a ground floor French Door window panel.
Rangpur town hall
Tajhat Palace[edit]
Main article: Tajhat Palace
Tajhat Palace is located at Tajhat, the southern end of Rangpur city. It was the earlier high court building established in 1984 called the Tajhat, a former zamindar's palace. After the end of the British Raj, the building was abandoned and decayed rapidly, although it was used for a few years as a courthouse during the 1980s. In 2004, it was largely restored and turned into a museum which hosts a collection of Blackstone Hindu carvings, calligraphic art from the Mughal period and other objets d'art and coins from the area on display. Due to lack of funding, the museum is sometimes closed.[6]
The place is situated three km on the south–east outskirts of the town of Rangpur. Probably this place was built by Maharaja Kumar Gopal Lal Ray in the beginning of the 20th century from 1984 to 1991. The palace was used as a Rangpur high Court branch of the Bangladesh Supreme court in 1995. The palace was declared as a Protected monument by the department of archaeology. recognising its outstanding archaeological value the government of Bangladesh decided to shift the Rangpur museum here in 2002. Accordingly, the palace in being partly used as Rangpur museum since 2005.
Carmichael College[edit]
Main article: Carmichael College
Carmichael College is one of the old colleges in Bangladesh established in 1916. The main attraction of this college is its administrative building (which houses the Bangla department). The building was designed with an Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture. The college with lot of education departments like history, physical, English and more.
Begum Rokeya University[edit]
Town Hall[edit]
There is an ancient auditorium named 'Town Hall' at the center of the city, where different cultural programs are held. The place all local persons meet and spend time with friends and family.
Jadu Nibash[edit]
Located in Radhaballav next to the Rangpur Government College. Home of Late Mashiur Rahman Jadu Mia. It is an ancient house, about a hundred years old. The house was probably built and owned by Raja Gopal Lal Rai Bahadur at the same time that the Rangpur District Council, Rangpur Town Hall and the famous Tajhat Palace buildings were built.
Zoo[edit]
Main article: Rangpur Zoo
Rangpur Central Zoo
Rangpur central zoo is one of the main amusement and recreation spot of Rangpur city. With an area of 20.27 acre of lush green trees and grasses, it is the largest zoo in North Bengal. The Rangpur zoo is located east side of Hanuman-tola road beside police-line, not far from Rangpur district Administration office. The Zoo has 193 individual animals of 28 species.[7] Many wild animals are available to attract the visitors. A few of them are The Bengal tiger, African lion, Leopard, Asiatic black bear,Hippopotamus, Peacocks, crocodiles, Turtles, Spotted Deer, different kinds of Birds, Snakes and so on.
The Rangpur zoo was built in the 1880s. Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) completed a digital survey and feasibility study of "Dhaka And Rangpur Zoo Modernization Project" to upgrade the facilities to international standard.[8][9][10] It is decorated with a huge and beautiful lake, and an amusement park.
Vinno Jogot[edit]
"Vinno Jogot" (meaning Different World) is a well decorated amusement park, which is located about 12-kilometer distance from Rangpur city. Thousands of people come every day for refreshment with a green environment. A vast lake surrounded across the park. A planetarium has existed there. Shisu park, various ride, mural of world's seven wonders charm tourists.
Chikli Binodon Park[edit]
Kellaband Mosque (Masjid)[edit]
Main article: Bangle beauty
Kellaband Mosque is situated at C.O. Bazar on the north of Rangpur-Dinajpur Highway 02 km north-west of Rangpur town. This three-dome mosque is about 200 years old. A concrete well and an ancient cemetery are lying beside the mosque.
Pirgachha Landlord House[edit]
The Manthana Kingdom Estate was established sometime around 1100 AD. Maharani Joy Durga Devi Chaudhurani of Rangpur was the most influential and famous ruler of the kingdom. After the death of Rajah Rajendra Narayan Roy Choudhury, the Monthana Kingdom Estate was divided into two parts among his two sons Rajah Harendra Narayan Roy Choudhury and Rajah Bhairab Narayan Roy Choudhury of Rangpur. As a result, the landlord house also divided into two parts. After the death of Rajah Harendra Narayan Roy Choudhury his son Rajah Mahendra Narayan Roy Choudhury succeeded the kingdom. After his death, Rajah Bhupendra Narayan Roy Choudhury succeeded to the throne of the kingdom and was the last crowned king of this kingdom estate. His son Prince Jyotirindra Narayan Roy Choudhury was born in 1947 and is the crown prince of the estate. Soon after the birth of Jyotirindra Narayan Roy Choudhury, India and East Bengal got independence from colonialist British rule and the partition of historic Bengal took place. Prince Jyotirindra Narayan Roy Choudhury of Rangpur now resides in Calcutta, India, with his family. His son Prince Rupendra Narayan Anirban Roy Choudhury of Rangpur who uses the name Anirban Roy Choudhury is the present Titular Crown Prince of the kingdom-estate. The Pirgaccha Landlord House popularly known as the Manthana Palace or Manthana Rajbari is a massive structure spread over hundreds of acres of land and houses ponds, lakes, buildings, temples, and various other assets. Princess Kabita Rani Roy Choudhury is the present legal owner of the entire kingdom-estate. The Kachari House of the Manthana Palace is now used as Pirgasha Registrar Office.
Devi Chaudhuranir Jamindar Bari[edit]
The Landlord-King of Pirgacha sub district Rajah Narendro Narayan Roy Choudhury, son of Rajah Raghabendra Narayan Roy Choudhury died in 1765 without any legacy. Then the wife of the late King, Maharani Joy Durga Devi Chaudhurani of Rangpur managed the kingdom for three decades. Maharani Joy Durga Devi Chaudhurani is popularly known as Devi Chaudhurani in history and was one of the most successful and popularly known rulers of the kingdom. During the time of Sanyasi Bidroho (ascetic revolution) for the independence of India, she along with Bhabani Pathak raged war against the British. In this insurgency Collector Richard Gudland and army commander Lieutenant Brenan, scared of the war situation, forfeited the kingdom from Devi Chaudhurani. However the imperial British could not keep the kingdom forfeited from the illustrious Maharani, and soon after she again came to manage the kingdom and she ruled until 1791. Later in history, the famous Bengali novelist, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, who also happened to be the Collector of Rangpur and under the employment of the British rule, wrote the famous novel Devi Chaudhurani to portray her as a dacoit-queen. The novel has been adapted into very famous movies with the 1974 movie starring Suchitra Sen in the lead. And National Award winning director Rituporno Ghosh is adapting the novel into another movie in recent times, in which Aishwarya Rai Bachchan will play the lead role of Devi Chaudhurani. However, the novel has tarnished the character and image of Maharani Joy Durga Devi Chaudhurani to a great extent. Rajah Bhupendra Narayan Roy Choudhury of Rangpur was the last king of the kingdom-estate. An earthquake damaged much of the palace built by Devi Chaudhurani. However, the palace was rebuilt several times and is a sprawling structure spread over several hundreds of acres. The property, land and the assets of the estate kingdom is presently legally owned by Princess Kabita Rani Roy Choudhury of Rangpur, who lives in Kolkata, India. Her son Prince Rupendra Narayan Anirban Roy Choudhury of Rangpur who commonly uses the name Anirban Roy Choudhury is the present Titular Crown Prince of the estate-kingdom. Prince Anirban Roy Choudhury is currently studying the law at Symbiosis Law School and lives in Pune, Mumbai, New Delhi and Kolkata.
Itakumari Jamindar Bari[edit]
Itakumari Itakumari Zamindar Bari is a historical zamindar house located in Pirgachha upazila of Rangpur district in Bangladesh. This Itakumari area was the most educated and cultural area in the whole of India. Hence it is termed as the second new island of undivided Bengal. Landlord house was established in the 19th century. Shibchondro elder son of landlord Rajarai was the founder of Itakhula Landlord house.It was primarily used for the accommodation of the zamindar Shiva Chandra. The building is made of bricks, surki and rods.Now most of the building are ruined . Now a well two large pond and elderly building witness of time. Again Shibchanda and Devi Chowdhurani lead the public rebellion and free the people of Rangpur from Devi singha's torture. In 1783, the historical tenant revolt of Rangpur took place from the house of Itakumari king Shiva Chandra. In 1783, anti-British Shiva Chandra and Devi Chowdhurani led a tenant revolt and protected the peasantry of Rangpur from the tyranny of Devi Singh. Itakumari Zamindarbari was the second new island of undivided Bengal at that time. Shiva Chandra has delivered many lectures from this place for the common people The locals reported that people form around the world came to see this place. They have requested many times for mainatainance for this place but there was no response. Itakumari is a beacon of education and culture. The place is important in demonstrating the evolution of Bangladesh's history in late 18th century.The place now belongs to some local influential people.
Deowan Bari Jamindaar Bari[edit]
The Deowan Bari Jamindaar Bari was built by Fonivuson Mojumdar. Fonivuson Mijumdar was the son of Landlord Radharomon and mother Kusum Kumari Devi who was the second wife of Radharomon. He was born in 1892. This landlord house is a small 2 storied building. but the main gate of the house is like a Mughal Castle – gate. After ban of the Real estate tenancy practices in 1952 the house was auctioned. The property was purchased by one Nosor Ghatial who hailed from Kurigram. Now there is a school and some business centres. It is located at Deowan Bari road in Rangpur near the town.
Pirgachha[edit]
Pirgachha is one of the Upazilas in Rangpur that carries some interesting aspects. The name is derived from some unknown "pir"(religious guru), buried under a tree("gach"). In other words, there was this tomb of a "pir" under a big tree in Pirgachha. Pirgachha has a Rajbari, home of the Jomider (barons, if you will, or landlords, appointed by the King at that times). This one historic residence is now almost ruined. Also, there is a miniature prayer place such as a mosque (for Muslim) and a Temple (for Hindu) built together. It shows a friendly Hindu-Muslim communities.[11]
Chicli vata[edit]
Chikli Vata
Near the stadium, there is a place called 'Chicli vata' surrounding by many lakes and rice fields.
Other places[edit]
There is a large military cantonment in the town. Apart from the Tajhat museum, there is another museum at the heart of the town. The town is known as Green Town for its gardens and green parks throughout the town.[citation needed]
Central road (Haragach road) on a rainy day
Begum Rokeya University
Carmichael College
Rangpur Cadet College
Rangpur Medical college
Police Lines School and College, Rangpur
Rangpur City MATS and IHT, Rangpur
Major educational institutes in the city including:
Medical & Dental Colleges:
Prime Medical College
Rangpur Community Medical College
Northern Private Medical College.
Rangpur Army Medical College
Kasir Uddin Memorial Medical College
Rangpur Dental College
Polytechnic Institutes:
Rangpur Polytechnic Institute
Rangpur Technical School and College
Colleges:
Begum Rokeya College
Carmichael College[12]
Dr M A Wazed Miah Textile Engineering College
Pirganj Marine Academy
Colectorate School and College
Carmichael Collegiate School and College
Rangpur Model College
Police Lines School and College
Cantonment Public School And College, Rangpur
Rangpur Government College
RCCI Public School & College
Lions School & College
The Millennium Stars School & College
Somaj Kolyan Women School & College
Residential Model School and College
Mahigong College
Rangpur Public School & College
Uttom College
Rangpur City College
Robertsonganj High School & College
Robertsonganj Girls' High School & College
Siddique Memorial School & College
Dhap Lalkuthi High School & College
Affiliated Colleges:
International Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Rangpur
Rangpur Zilla School
Rangpur Govt. Girls' High School
Govt. Commercial Institute
Bir Uttam Shaheed Samad High School
Rangpur High School
Salma Girls High School
Afanullah High School, Alamnagar
Adasha High School, Babukha
Shalbon Pauro Girls High School
Tajhat High School
English Medium School:
Shahan International School
Nalanda International School
International Grammar School
BIAM Laboratory School
Bird's eye view of Rangpur Medical College Hospital
Healthcare[edit]
Rangpur is well known for its healthcare facilities throughout the north-Bengal districts. There are hundreds of hospitals, private clinics, diagnostic centres situated all over the city. The Rangpur Medical College Hospital (RMCH), a tertiary level thousand bed facility public hospital with teaching facility in graduate and post graduate medical education. The campus of Rangpur Medical College is located in the northwest area of Rangpur. It is 210 kilometres from the Rajshahi District and 330 kilometres from Dhaka and is located next to the inter-country highway that connects India to Nepal. Prime Medical College hospital (750 beds), Doctor's Community Hospital (500 beds), Northern Private Medical College Hospital, Christian missionary hospital are the well-known private institutes. Other government institutes include a children hospital, a chest hospital and an infectious disease hospital.
A 1000 bed-hospital known as Health City is under construction aiming to provide medical treatments and surgeries.
Newspaper[edit]
There are a number of locally published newspapers in the district. Locally published newspapers and periodicals include Online News Portal BNN (Bangladesh National News) (2016), Rangpur Onlinelivenews24 (2012), Desh71 (2012), Rangpur Crime News (2005), Daily Rangpur Chitra (2009), Daily Akhira (1990) Dabanal (1980), Rangaprovat (1987), Juger Alo (1992), Dainik Paribesh (1994),Daily Gonoalo (2012) Dainik Rangpur (1997), Weekly Atal (1991), Rangpur Barta (1996) and Weekly Bajrakantha (Pirganj). Former newspapers which are no longer published include Rangapur Bartabaha (1847), Rangapur Dik Prakash (1861), Rangapur Darpan (1907), Uttar Bangla (1960) and Pravati (1955).[13]
Payra Chattar (Pigeon square), Rangpur, 2015
Transportation[edit]
The main transport systems used in the city are cycle rickshaws, auto rickshaws (mainly known as baby-taxis or CNGs), buses, mini-buses and cars. There are about 50,000 rickshaws running each day.
Roads[edit]
Rangpur is well connected by highways to Chittagong and Dhaka, as well as other parts of Rangpur. It takes about 6 to 7 hours by road to reach the capital Dhaka by National Highway 5. Bus services to other major districts are also available from Rangpur. Highway links to India have been established through the Asian Highway 2.
Railway[edit]
Rangpur Express is heading towards Rangpur after leaving Bangabandhu Setu east station
The Rangpur Railway Station is the main railway station providing trains on national routes operated by the state-run Bangladesh Railway. The Rangpur Express is a Bangladeshi Intercity train which runs between Rangpur and Dhaka.
Air[edit]
The city of Rangpur is served by Saidpur Airport, located at the north of the city. Saidpur airport is a domestic airport. Saidpur Airport is connected through several private airlines such as Novoair, US-Bangla Airlines, Regent Airways & Biman Bangladesh Airlines a government airline with Capital city of Bangladesh Dhaka.
Dialect[edit]
Many Rangpur natives speak in the Rajbongshi language. Rajbongshi is an Indic language spoken by half a million Rajbongshi people in Bangladesh and five million in India, where they are known as Rajbanshi. Many are bilingual in either Bengali or Assamese. The main dialects are Western Rajbongshi, Central Rajbongshi, Eastern Rajbongshi and Hill Rajbongshi (also known as Koch language). The vast majority of Rangpur's inhabitants, however, speak Bengali and are Bengali, Rajbangshi is limited to the Rajbongshi people, which itself is in a dialect continuum with Bengali and is largely intelligible.
Rangpur Cricket Garden
The most popular sport in Rangpur is cricket, although football is also popular. There is a 10,000+ capacity stadium in the city. It is known as Rangpur Stadium. It is used for football and other sports. Besides different organisation share to stage a show there occasionally. There are another ground known as Cricket Garden[14] and is mainly used for cricket. There are also a few sports training academies in the city. In domestic Twenty20 cricket, Rangpur has a Bangladesh Premier League franchise known as Rangpur Riders. In December 2012, I Sports bought the Rangpur franchise for $1.01 m. Notable players from Rangpur who have played for the national team include Nasir Hossain,[15] Suhrawadi Shuvo.[16]
Annette Beveridge, British Indologist, known works being the translations of the Baburnama[17] from the Turki (Turkish) language, and the Humayun-nama from Persian.[18][19]
William Beveridge, British economist who wrote the Beveridge Report that influenced United Kingdom to implement welfare state policies after World War II.
Begum Rokeya Shakhawat Hossain, who was most famous for her efforts on behalf of gender equality and other social issues.
Mashiur Rahman Jadu Mia (Politician, Founding member of BNP and Senior Minister with the rank of a Prime Minister in 1979).
Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem, 6th President of Bangladesh, first chief justice of Bangladesh.
Hussain Muhammad Ershad, former President of Bangladesh.
Anisul Hoque, author, novelist, dramatist, and journalist.
M. A. Wazed Miah reputed Bangladeshi nuclear scientist who was former Chairman of the Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission. He is the husband of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Wazed.
Sharfuddin Ahmed Jhantu, 1st Meyor of Rangpur city Corporation.
Nasir Hossain, prominent Bangladeshi all-round cricketer.
Rezwana Choudhury Bannya, a Rabindra Sangeet artist.
Dr. Rashid Askari, writer, columnist, academic and the current vice-chancellor of Islamic University, Bangladesh.
General Mustafizur Rahman, former Chief of Army Staff of the Bangladesh Army.
Mostafa Kamal, Chief Justice of Bangladesh.
Sharif Imam, husband of Shahid janoni jahanara Imam
Jahanara Imam, Bangladeshi writer and political activist.
Abbasuddin Ahmed, Prominent Bhawaiya singer
Rathindranath Roy, Founder of Bhawaiya academy and singer.
Ferdausi Rahman, legendary folk singer.
Hassan Mahmood Khandker, he is a Bangladeshi former Inspector General of Bangladesh Police
Dipankar Dipon, Bangladeshi film director and screenwriter who predominantly works in Dhallywood.
Akbar ali, Bangladeshi Cricketer,Winning captain of Bangladesh under-19 team in under-19 world cup 2020
Tajhat Palace.
Shapla Chottor.
Zilla Porishod Building.
Jahaj Company area (downtown Rangpur) at night
Parjatan Motel.
Terminal Mosque (Masjid).
Rangpur Modern.
Begum Rokeya Memorial Centre.
Jadu Nibash - an ancient house
Ekattorer Boddho Bhumi - Memorial of Town Hall Massacre during 1971
Begum Rokeya University at night
^ নতুন মেয়র বললেন রংপুর বদলে যাবে | কালের কণ্ঠ. Kaler Kantho (in Bengali).
^ "ZIP Code database of Bangladesh, Rangpur, Rangpur, Rangpur Sadar". Geopostcodes.com. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
^ a b "Journey to Rangpur City Corporation". Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
^ "Rangpur". britannica. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
^ Lorenzen, David N. (January–March 1978). "Warrior Ascetics in Indian History". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 98 (1): 61–75. doi:10.2307/600151. JSTOR 600151.
^ Muhammad Moniruzzaman (2012), "Ray, Gopal Lal", in Sirajul Islam; Ahmed A. Jamal (eds.), Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.), Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, archived from the original on 17 June 2015, retrieved 17 June 2015
^ Rahman, Nargis Sultana ; Md. Mustafizur (2013). Present Status of Animals and Management of Rangpur Zoo (1. Aufl. ed.). Saarbrücken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. ISBN 978-3-659-48117-8. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
^ "BUET suggests plan to raise zoo standard". New Age. Dhaka. Archived from the original on 28 August 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
^ "Dhaka zoo gets some new inmates". Daily Sun. Dhaka. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
^ "Zoo modernisation still a far cry". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
^ "Pirgachha Upazila". Pirgachha Upazila. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
^ Muhammad Maniruzzaman (2012). "Carmichael College, Rangpur". In Sirajul Islam; Ahmed A. Jamal (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
^ পত্র পত্রিকা সমূহ [Newspapers] (in Bengali). Retrieved 17 June 2015.
^ Cricket Garden, Rangpur, CricketArchive.com Retrieved on 29 July 2010.
^ Players and Officials – Nasir Hossain Cricinfo.
^ Players and Officials – Suhrawadi Shuvo Cricinfo.
^ Babur (1922). Beveridge, Annette Susannah (ed.). The Babur-nama in English (Memoirs of Babur). London: Luzac and Co. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
^ Beveridge, Annette Susannah (1898). Life and writings of Gulbadan Begam (Lady Rosebody). Calcutta. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
^ Begam, Gulbaden (1902). Beveridge, Annette Susannah (ed.). The history of Humāyūn (Humāyūn-nāma). London: Royal Asiatic Society. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rangpur.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Rangpur.
Rangpur oriented website
Abdus Sattar (2012). "Rangpur District". In Sirajul Islam; Ahmed A. Jamal (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
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Chittagong 1 Dhaka Dhaka 8,906,039 11 Savar Dhaka 296,851
2 Chittagong Chittagong 2,592,439 12 Comilla Chittagong 296,010
3 Khulna Khulna 664,728 13 Narayanganj Dhaka 286,330
4 Sylhet Sylhet 526,412 14 Siddhirganj Dhaka 256,760
5 Mymensingh Mymensingh 476,543 15 Jessore Khulna 237,478
6 Rajshahi Rajshahi 451,425 16 Cox's Bazar Chittagong 223,522
7 Tongi Dhaka 406,420 17 Gazipur Dhaka 213,061
8 Bogra Rajshahi 400,983 18 Brahmanbaria Chittagong 193,814
9 Barisal Barisal 339,308 19 Dinajpur Rangpur 191,329
10 Rangpur Rangpur 307,053 20 Narsingdi Dhaka 185,128
^ Population and Housing Census 2011 - Volume 3: Urban Area Report (PDF), Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, August 2014
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rangpur,_Bangladesh&oldid=1001075421"
Populated places in Rangpur Division
CS1 uses Bengali-language script (bn)
CS1 Bengali-language sources (bn)
EngvarB from July 2016
Use dmy dates from July 2016
Articles containing Bengali-language text
Instances of Lang-bn using second unnamed parameter
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Choosing the right commercial property is a key business decision. Your business premises should help you to operate effectively without excessive costs. At the same time, you should avoid being tied to business property that might not suit you in the future.
Different property options suit different businesses. By taking into account all the relevant factors, you can identify suitable business property at a location in Northern Ireland that meets the needs of your business, your customers, suppliers and staff.
This guide highlights what you need to take into consideration when choosing suitable business property. It also outlines how to search for and find business property in Northern Ireland that meets your requirements and is in the best location for your business. The key legal issues around commercial property that you need to understand are also explained.


Nazneen Rahman is far from an ordinary singer/songwriter trying to carve a lane in the ever competitive music business; she is an artist to adore and appreciate on a technical and lyrical level. Nazneen Rahman unleashes ''Everything must change"; a beautiful ballad with a fantastic blend of electronic trip-hop beats, mesmerising vocals and epic songwriting.
Nazneen Rahman is one to watch. She has already received praise from the likes of The Evening Standard and the BBC. She has even received a CBE from the Queen for her work on Cancer Genetics.
Nazneen is on a mission to deliver quality music to a new age and make no mistake about it, she will succeed.


M&S vegan range blunder - is Plant Kitchen food actually vegan at all?
Marks and Spencer is being accused of selling a whole range of vegan-friendly food which could actually contain animal products.
Retailer M&S made the blunder on the packaging of some of its 'Plant Kitchen' vegan range.
The range, which includes everything from curry to veggie burgers and even popcorn, is labelled as being "suitable for vegans".
But eagle-eyed shoppers noticed there is also a warning on the back of the label that the products may not be suitable for "for milk or egg allergy sufferers".
M&S insists all the products are free from animal products - but has admitted they are produced alongside dairy foods which could potentially risk contaminating them.
The Plant Kitchen range has been advertised heavily over the festive period and during 'Veganuary' - where thousands across the country go vegan for the month to raise awareness.
You can read more about how to do it yourself here.
The upmarket grocer advertises the range by saying: "Whether you're going veggie, avoiding meat and dairy, or simply enjoy incorporating more plant-based foods into your diet, our new Plant Kitchen range makes every day delicious.
"The dishes span on-the-go sandwiches and grain bowls, hearty quick-fix suppers, and our amazing no-beef burger, plus staples like substitute mince and nut milks.
"Whatever you fancy, all of our Plant Kitchen dishes have been developed with a 'flavour first' mentality at their heart: think vegan bolognese enriched with miso for an intense depth of flavour, or pizza topped with jackfruit for a smokey taste and rich texture."
But dozens have turned to social media to lambaste the chain.
One said: "Places like M&S want to jump on the vegan bandwagon but don't understand that by way of saying it's got milk and eggs present it's not vegan!"
An M&S spokesperson said: "Our Plant Kitchen range is 100 per cent suitable for vegans and we engaged with both the Vegan Society and Allergy UK when developing them.
"However, vegan products may not be suitable for people with severe allergies because allergens may be present in the environment in which they are made.
"This is clearly flagged on the packaging as a steer to those who need it."
The furore over the M&S range has, however, been overshadowed by another big vegan story this week - the launch of Greggs' meat-free sausage roll. If you missed it, you must have been living under a rock, but you can catch up by watching its launch video below.


Burien's Shoreline Master Program (SMP) will be the sole item on the agenda for Monday night's City Council Study Session starting at 7 p.m. April 22 at City Hall.
"Presentation and discussion regarding an Alternative Proposal to the Department of Ecology (DOE) regarding Burien's Shoreline Master Program," is how it's listed in the packet, which can be downloaded here (PDF file).
A Public Hearing will be held May 6, and the council could take a vote as soon as May 20.
Most of the proposed changes are in Chapter 4 (IV). The bulk of these concern revisions to the regulations that manage new development in the first 35′ or 45′ from Ordinary High Water Mark depending on location long the Lake Burien and Puget Sound.
These revised buffer standards are an expansion of the current 25′ setback but are better adapted to existing conditions than the fixed 65′ buffer that was proposed for Puget Sound in the original draft.
The new language includes text to emphasis Council's intent to assure that all existing homes can be maintained and even fully renovated within their existing footprint.
The changes are highlighted with the customary color-coded underline/strikeout method.
In my opinion, there's absolutely NO reason any setback needs to be increased. Burien should tell the State to "leave us alone". Anything that isn't already developed along the Sound is virtually on the side of a cliff! I don't see a lot of developers flocking to this area to bulldoze everything clear.
But, alas, that would take some backbone – something this council lacks.
I'd say that the shorelines have been fine for decades and, with the resistance to change that Burien homeowners seem to possess, they'll be fine for decades to come.
They can't jus say "leave us alone." They are compelled by LAW to properly manage the shorelline. Yeah, they and the state can agree to disagree on the particulars, but they can't simply tell WA State to take a hike.
You are right. Most of our shoreline is so developed that little will change in the near future. However, the increased buffer/setback zones with mitigation for some types of land use changes in these areas mean that there will gradually be some chance for immprovement of the shoreline ecosystem.
You can say the shorelines are fine but that is contrary to virtually every scientific sdudy of the shoreline ecology. If you don't want to read about it, just look at the bulkheads that are being undercut and failing due to the drop in beach level, which is caused by the cumulative effect of the bulkheads themselves.


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WoPC Home > Cards > Notgeld
Notgeld - Emergen¢y Money
Posted by Simon Wintle • November 03, 2018 at 11:41am
Country of Origin: Germany Austria Poland Keywords: secondary money currency repurposed
The secondary use of playing cards turns them into a valuable source of social documentation. Many examples of repurposed playing cards are known from as far back as the 16th century. In rare instances emergency money (notgeld) was issued on playing cards. During and after the First World War, money, especially small change, was in short supply. In Austria the towns of Reichental and Steyregg issued what we know as spielkarten notgeld and in Germany spielkarten notgeld was issued between 1914 & 1923. See some of them in the scans below.
in Germany, spielkarten notgeld issued between 1914 & 1923 include the towns of Bretleben, Leipzig, Lopischewo, Marienwerder, Roetzenhagen and Stralsund.
Above: these scarce serienscheine pieces were issued by Gustav Habeck from Stralsund, printed on the backs of playing cards, c.1921. They must have set up the printing plate, printed the money onto the playing cards and then cut them into seperate pieces. The pieces are different sizes, so the cutting was probably performed manually, possibly using a guillotine.
In Austria the towns of Steyregg and Reichental issued spielkarten notgeld made of playing cards in around 1920-1921. Others may also exist. Steyregg pieces had face values of either 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80 or 90 heller. They were issued in several different colours with attractive woodcut illustrations.
Above: spielkarten notgeld from Steyregg, c.1920-21.
The notgeld playing card pieces of Reichental were a little different. They had a stampmark on them and an 'auflage' (issue number). Face values were for either 10, 20, 30 or 50 heller. All card suits were represented, with hearts being stamped with the 50 heller value, diamonds with 30, spades with 20 and clubs with the 10 heller value.
Above: Austrian spielkarten notgeld dating from 1920/21 issued in Reichental, printed onto cards made by Ferd Piatnik & Son. Instead of the face values being in German marks or pfennigs, the Austrian pieces have face values in heller or krone. The Reichental spielkarten pieces had an issue (auflage) of just 50 and these pieces come from set no.49.
The notgeld issues of 1914 tend to be plainer looking than those issued after WWI. In 1914 there was a real 'necessity' for small change money. The later issues also met a need in the collecting market!
Above: 'Gutsverwaltung' notes were issued in Lopischewo (Polish - Lopiszewo) with no written date, although the date is known to be 8th August 1914. These 'spielkarten' pieces (made from playing cards) are extremely rare due to the very small numbers that were actually issued. They made 162 (81 marks worth) of the 50pf piece, 327 of the 1m piece, 164 (492 marks worth) of the 3m piece and only 99 (495 marks worth) of the 5m piece! The 50pf pieces are brown, the 1m pieces red, the 3m pieces blue and the 5m pieces green. They were all printed on either 'Hearts', 'Diamonds', 'Spades' or 'Clubs' ('Herz', 'Kreuz', 'Pik', 'Karo') - so there are 16 different pieces in total to collect. It is not known how many exist today.
CREDITS & REFERENCES
Thanks to Tony Gibbs-Murray for providing the inspiration for this page.
For further info about these pieces please visit notgeld.com►
General Secretariat of the National Bank of Belgium • Playing with money►
Last Updated April 06, 2019 at 09:48am

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Lezenswaard
Poëzie/Poetry
Proza/Prose
Andere/Other
English - Proza/Prose
LEVITT & DUBNER
LEVITT, Steven & DUBNER, Stephen
It is the quintessential blend of commerce and camaraderie: you hire a real-estate agent to sell your home. She sizes up its charms, snaps some pictures, sets the price, writes a seductive ad, shows the house aggressively, negotiates the offers, and sees the deal through to its end. Sure, it's a lot of work, but she's getting a nice cut. On the sale of a $300,000 house, a typical 6 percent agent fee yields $18,000. Eighteen thousand dollars, you say to yourself: that's a lot of money. But you also tell yourself that you never could have sold the house for $300,000 on your own. The agent knew how to -- what's that phrase she used? -- "maximize the house's value." She got you top dollar, right?
A real-estate agent is a different breed of expert than a criminologist, but she is every bit the expert. That is, she knows her field far better than the layman on whose behalf she is acting. She is better informed about the house's value, the state of the housing market, even the buyer's frame of mind. You depend on her for this information. That, in fact, is why you hired an expert.
As the world has grown more specialized, countless such experts have made themselves similarly indispensable. Doctors, lawyers, contractors, stockbrokers, auto mechanics, mortgage brokers, financial planners: they all enjoy a gigantic informational advantage. And they use that advantage to help you, the person who hired them, get exactly what you want for the best price.
It would be lovely to think so. But experts are human, and humans respond to incentives. How any given expert treats you, therefore, will depend on how that expert's incentives are set up. Sometimes his incentives may work in your favor. For instance: a study of California auto mechanics found they often passed up a small repair bill by letting failing cars pass emissions inspections -- the reason being that lenient inspections are rewarded with repeat business. But in a different case, an expert's incentives may work against you. In a medical study, it turned out that obstetricians in areas with declining birth rates are much more likely to perform cesarean-section deliveries than obstetricians in growing areas -- suggesting that, when business is tough, doctors try to ring up more expensive procedures.
It is one thing to muse about experts' abusing their position and another to prove it. The best way to do so would be to measure how an expert treats you versus how he performs the same service for himself. Unfortunately a surgeon doesn't operate on himself. Nor is his medical file a matter of public record; neither is an auto mechanic's repair log for his own car.
Real-estate sales, however, are a matter of public record. And real-estate agents often do sell their own homes. A recent set of data covering the sale of nearly 100,000 houses in suburban Chicago shows that more than 3,000 of those houses were owned by the agents themselves.
Before plunging into the data, it helps to ask a question: what is the real-estate agent's incentive when she is selling her own home? Simple: to make the best deal possible. Presumably this is also your incentive when you are selling your home. And so your incentive and the real-estate agent's incentive would seem to be nicely aligned. Her commission, after all, is based on the sale price.
But as incentives go, commissions are tricky. First of all, a 6 percent real-estate commission is typically split between the seller's agent and the buyer's. Each agent then kicks back half of her take to the agency. Which means that only 1.5 percent of the purchase price goes directly into your agent's pocket.
So on the sale of your $300,000 house, her personal take of the $18,000 commission is $4,500. Still not bad, you say. But what if the house was actually worth more than $300,000? What if, with a little more effort and patience and a few more newspaper ads, she could have sold it for $310,000? After the commission, that puts an additional $9,400 in your pocket. But the agent's additional share -- her personal 1.5 percent of the extra $10,000 -- is a mere $150. If you earn $9,400 while she earns only $150, maybe your incentives aren't aligned after all. (Especially when she's the one paying for the ads and doing all the work.) Is the agent willing to put out all that extra time, money, and energy for just $150?
There's one way to find out: measure the difference between the sales data for houses that belong to real-estate agents themselves and the houses they sold on behalf of clients. Using the data from the sales of those 100,000 Chicago homes, and controlling for any number of variables -- location, age and quality of the house, aesthetics, and so on -- it turns out that a real-estate agent keeps her own home on the market an average of ten days longer and sells it for an extra 3-plus percent, or $10,000 on a $300,000 house. When she sells her own house, an agent holds out for the best offer; when she sells yours, she pushes you to take the first decent offer that comes along. Like a stockbroker churning commissions, she wants to make deals and make them fast. Why not? Her share of a better offer -- $150 -- is too puny an incentive to encourage her to do otherwise.
The strongest evidence for this argument comes from an unlikely source: the long-loved American tradition known as the family reunion. Every summer around the Fourth of July holiday, Washington Park is thronged with families and other large groups who get together for cookouts and parties. For some of these visitors, catching up with Aunt Ida over lemonade isn't quite stimulating enough. It turns out that the demand for prostitutes in Washington Park skyrockets every year during this period.
And the prostitutes do what any good entrepreneur would do: they raise prices by about 30 percent and work as much overtime as they can handle.
Most interestingly, this surge in demand attracts a special kind of worker—a woman who steers clear of prostitution all year long but, during this busy season, drops her other work and starts turning tricks. Most of these part-time prostitutes have children and take care of their households; they aren't drug addicts. But like prospectors at a gold rush or Realtors during a housing boom, they see the chance to cash in and jump at it.
Out of a worldwide fleet of 900 whaling ships, 735 of them were American, hunting in all four oceans. Between 1835 and 1872, these ships reaped nearly 300,000 whales, an average of more than 7,700 a year. In a good year, the total take from oil and baleen (the whale's bonelike "teeth") exceeded $10 million, today's equivalent of roughly $200 million. Whaling was dangerous and difficult work, but it was the fifth-largest industry in the United States, employing 70,000 people.
And then what appeared to be an inexhaustible resource was—quite suddenly and, in retrospect, quite obviously—heading toward exhaustion. Too many ships were hunting for too few whales. A ship that once took a year at sea to fill its hold with whale oil now needed four years. Oil prices spiked accordingly, rocking the economy back home. Today, such an industry might be considered "too big to fail," but the whaling industry was failing indeed, with grim repercussions for all America.
That's when a retired railway man named Edwin L. Drake, using a steam engine to power a drill through seventy feet of shale and bedrock, struck oil in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The future bubbled to the surface. Why risk life and limb chasing underwater leviathans around the world, having to catch and carve them up, when so much energy was just waiting, in the nation's basement, to be pumped upstairs?
Oil was not only a cheap and simple fix but, like the whale, extraordinarily versatile. It could be used as lamp oil, a lubricant, and as a fuel for automobiles and home heating; it could be made into plastic and even nylon stockings. The new oil industry also provided lots of jobs for unemployed whalers and, as a bonus, functioned as the original Endangered Species Act, saving the whale from near-certain extinction.
Developed by Matthias Kunnen.


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UTexas Home
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Jill Compher
Jill Compher is currently teaching AP Psychology in her 20th year in public education, and her fifth year at Colleyville Heritage High School in Colleyville, TX with previous experience at Northwest ISD. She is a nationally certified consultant in AP Psychology for the College Board, Consultant in Psychology to The National Math & Science Initiative (NMSI), and is a contributor to the AP Psychology Course Overview. Jill has been an AP Reader since 2005 and consultant since 2015, presenting at universities and school districts in Texas, Louisiana, West Virginia, Nevada, Southern Florida, Arkansas, California, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Southern China.
She is the chair of Texas Teachers of Psychology in charge of organizing the regional conference for the networking of local psychology teachers. She is the 2018 recipient of The American Psychological Association TOPPS Charles T. Blair-Broeker Excellence in Teaching Award is awarded to recognize outstanding psychology teachers who are committed to academic and professional excellence, a semifinalist in 2010 for the O'Donnell Texas AP Teacher Award, Teacher Award winner of the Fort Worth Regional Science and Engineering Fair Division 1 in 2012, fair official for Intel ISEF 2012 Fair Official -Fort Worth Region, and earned the Distinguished Educator award at Northwest ISD from 2003-2014.
UT High School-APSI Program
1616 Guadalupe St. Ste. 0.134
© The University of Texas at Austin 2019 | ® AP and Pre-AP are registered trademarks of the College Board. Used with permission.


Joe Ovelman - 2006 "Sao Paulo Wall"
Images were photographed by the artist in Sao Paulo, Brazil, then plastered on Tenth Avenue at 23rd Street, in West Chelsea, NYC. This is the largest outdoor installation to date by Ovelman. Installation photographs by Barry Hoggard and Joe Ovelman.


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Q: What is a good unique identifying property of a .NET Method Info When storing Method Info data, from a Reflection read of a set of .NET assemblies, what would be the best logical key to use from the Method Info instance, to separate it from like name Methods in different Types, or like name Methods in the same type with different parameters?
For example, a Type has the AssemblyQualifiedName property to nicely identify it from similar Types.
UPDATE: As suggested by Peter Ritchie, there is the .NET Reflection MetadataToken property, which is exactly what I was hoping for, however, according to here, this token is not maintained over subsequent compiles.
The answer appears to be, as Oded suggested, a concatenated key of: "The fully qualified name of the containing type + its name and parameters"
I am happy to hear any further suggestions

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Diversified Realtors – Stockton, Tracy, Manteca, Modesto, Lodi and Elk Grove | Find Homes For Sale in Stockton. Search Stockton, California real estate and recently sold properties.
The Diversified Realtors unlike any other real estate company–invests 100 percent of our time and resources on Stockton properties.
We have a total of 20+ years combined experience dealing exclusively with Stockton buyers and sellers. We're the best at what we do.


All visuals are protected by copyright laws. Trademarks belong to their respective owners.
REVIVE has been featured in the latest issue (172) of .NET MAGAZINE, UK's biggest web design magazine. A big thanks for this to Future Publishing UK.


True fact: author Irwin Schiff (85) is the father of well-known-to-libertarians Peter Schiff, and is also a noted tax protester. Sad to say, he is currently serving a 13-year sentence for "tax crimes," and not due for release for another 3-4 years.
Read this work online here, or download a PDF here.


The City recognises the legitimate need for signs to give direction and to identify and promote business and buildings. It also accepts a responsibility to ensure that the visual impact of signage is properly assessed and managed. Signage should not negatively impact on the amenity of the city environment and should not be hazardous to pedestrians or motorists.
A signed Sign Permit application checklist.
Copies of plans drawn to scale not less than 1:100 showing dimensions, position, materials, design and inscription thereon, method of construction.
Copy of Certificate of Currency for insurance policy.
Some applications may also require certification from a structural engineer or the completion of other forms such as Development Application.
Eligibility requirements Some signs may first require a completed Development Approval. Read the Signs Policy, refer to details on this page, or contact the Development Approvals Unit to confirm.
Fees A fee of $76 per sign applies.
Signs erected over any vehicular or pedestrian accessway on public land must be fixed to provide a clear headway under the sign. This must be no less than 2750mm over a footpath and 4200mm to 6000mm over a laneway or road. Where a sign projects over the footpath at a height of less than 6 meters, the sign is to be a minimum distance of 600mm from the outer edge of a street kerb.
A sign should in no way endanger the safety of the public. Signs that present a hazard or obstruction on the footpath, block motorists' views, block views of traffic information signage or traffic lights, surveillance camera views or are not well secured, will not gain approval. Applying to install a sign may involve obtaining multiple approvals including planning, building and, when sign is located within the road reserve, a sign permit.
To ensure that the sign complies with the City's Thoroughfares and Public Places Local Law, all signs located over a footpath or street require a Sign Permit application to be submitted and approved unless it has been determined that a Building Permit is required.
In order to satisfy safety requirements, the applicant is required to provide details of the proposed fixing method for the sign and, for larger more exposed signs, details and certification from a registered structural engineer. Signs located within site lot boundaries and considered to be of significant nature will be classified as an incidental structure and require a Building Permit.
The proposed content is consistent with an approved signage strategy for the premises, and/or the sign and its structure and fixings have a valid development approval granted after June 2014.
The sign is not located within or on a place on the heritage list or within a heritage area.
The proposed content is not third-party advertising or animated or variable content, or the sign has a valid development approval for this type of content and the proposed content is consistent with an approved signage management plan.
The proposed content is not offensive.
No other change to the sign, including to its illumination, external dimensions, surrounding or supporting structure, fixings or cabling, is proposed.
The City's Signs Policy (Policy 4.6) of the City Planning Scheme No. 2 has a section listing the type of signs that are exempt from requiring planning approval. If your sign proposal requires a Development Application, your Sign Permit application will not be processed until the development approval has been issued.
All signs proposed on state and local heritage listed buildings/properties require planning approval.
Signs that incorporate a significant structural element may be subject to a Building Permit issued by the City in accordance with schedule 4 of the Building Regulations. Signs that have a current Development Application and Building Permit will not require a sign licence application. Generally signs are dealt with as minor encroachments and do not require referral to the Minister for Lands. However, some unusually large signs may need to be referred to the Minister for Lands as an encroachment under the Land Administration Act.
For advice on whether a Development Application or Building Permit is required contact a Planning Officer in the City's Development Approvals Unit on 9461 3366 before making an application for a Sign Permit. For all properties located in the Metropolitan Redevelopment Authority (MRA) area please contact the MRA to confirm their requirements for signs.


Tutoring tuition, like most educational services, is payable in advance. Monthly tutoring payments are due on the 1st of the month or at the first monthly tutoring session.
Education is a family value! To support this value The Inquisitive Mind offers two discounted family programs depending on the individual needs of families.
When multiple family members are individually tutored in one-on-one sessions, the hours are combined to provide the maximum discounted standard rate. For example, two siblings each independently tutored one hour per week would result in the 2 hour-per-week rate of $52/hour.
As an integral part of your child's educational success, the tutor may be called upon to work together as part of a team with teachers, counselors or other school officials upon your request. Phone conversations and on-site conferences with teachers, counselors, school administrators and parents are included in the standard tutoring fees. There is no additional charge for conferences with parents, teachers, counselors, administrators or any other professionals involved in assisting students.
It is occasionally necessary to cancel or reschedule a tutoring session. As much prior notice as possible is requested to assist in scheduling personal and professional time. In the case of an absence it is necessary to provide notice prior to the day of the schedule tutoring session or the hour will be charged. Absences must be communicated through the parent or guardian to avoid miscommunication.


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Никола Хаџи Николић се може односити на:

 Никола Хаџи Николић (музичар), (12. фебруар 1974),  српски је рок музичар.
 Никола Хаџи Николић, (15. фебруар 1855 — 12. април 1915), први специјалиста гинеколог у Србији, оснивач Гинеколошко-акушерског одељења (ГАО) у Београду 1895.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Let's end the week with a challenge. Can we capture the ideas about learning presented in this week's discussion on active processing with inspirational posters (you know like the ones in the faculty lounge of your high school or in Barney Stinson's office)? I think we can! So here's the plan.
Below are quotes from some experts about the importance and complexity of focusing on student thinking. After each quote we'll represent the main idea of the quote in an inspirational poster. If you have a better idea for the poster, bring it on! It's challenge time.
We believe this view of teaching, as little more than the delivery of content, is not only an overly simplistic view of teaching, but also a dangerous one in that it puts the focus on the teacher and not the learner, casting the learner in the passive role and assuming that learning is merely taking in what has been delivered. As a result of this view of teaching and learning, assessments focuses on the degree of absorption by the student of what the teaching has delivered.
In contrast, when we place the learner at the hub of the educational enterprise, our focus as teachers shifts in a most fundamental way that has the potential to profoundly affect the way we define teaching. With the learner at the center of the educational enterprise, rather than at the end, our role as teachers shifts from the delivery of information to fostering students' engagement with ideas.
–Making Thinking Visible; How to Promote Engagement, Understanding, and Independence for All Learners by Ron Ritchhart, Mark Church, and Karin Morrison.
In research with experts who were asked to verbalize their thinking as they worked, it was revealed that they monitored their own understanding carefully, making note of when additional information was required for understanding, whether new information was consistent with what they already knew, and what analogies could be draw that would advance their understanding… The model for using these meta-cognitive strategies is provided initially by the teacher…Ultimately students are able to prompt themselves and monitor their own comprehension with teacher support.
How People Learn; Brain, Mind, Experience, and School edited by the National Research Council's Committee on Developments in the Science of Learning, John D. Bransford, Ann L. Brown, and Rodney R Cocking, with additional material from the Committee on Learning Research and Education Practice, M. Suzanne Donovan, John D. Bransford, and James W. Pellegrino.
Unfortunately, the more students grow in this direction, the more teachers try to amplify their mother robin teaching to accommodate it. Growth on either side produces a compensating growth on the other. By the Middle School level most students are deeply entrenched in learning, and teachers in teaching, nothing but lower order, fragmented, surface knowledge. Teachers feel by this level that they have no choice but to think for their students, or worse, that they should not require any thinking at all, that students are not really capable of it.
Have a great weekend! And stay inspired!


These are a great "sitting watching tv" project, they are inexpensive, easily personalized, and make nice gifts. The pair above was made from a scrap of fleece that I got in a bag of scraps from the thrift store.
About fleece- It's a knit so it won't fray, which is why it's used for knotted blankets. It will have more stretch in one direction than the other, so check the stretch, you want the greatest amount of stretch to wrap around your hands, not in length of the mitts. The greatest amount of stretch is usually selvage to selvage (finished edges). The mitts, as shown above, take 2 pieces of fleece 7x9 inches with the stretch along the 9 inch side. A 1/4 yard of fleece is 9 inches wide and about 60 inches long so you could make 3 pairs off a quarter yard of fabric. Since fleece goes on sale frequently, this makes it a very inexpensive project.
The reason I like the chenille or embroidery needles in that size for working with fleeces is that they are sharp enough to go through easily, and the eyes are the right size for 5-6 strands of embroidery floss. Because of how thick fleece is, using all the strands on a skein works well.
Start by cutting 2 pieces of fleece that are 9 x 7 (8x7 for smaller hands) inches, making sure the greatest amount of stretch is on the 9 inch edges. Fold each piece in half, wrong sides together, and make 3/4 inch cut in the fold 1 inch from the top of the fabric. Make sure the cut is mirrored on the other piece so when they are laid together with the folds facing each other the slits and edges match up.
Test the thumb hole to see if you need to make the slit a little bigger. Cut only a little bit at a time.
The rest is very simple hand sewing in blanket or buttonhole stitch stitch. For the stitching, I make small knots and pull it through one layer then then stitch the two layers together to sandwich the knot and tail between the layers. For the single layer parts, I make small knots on the side, then stitch over the tail to keep it neat.
First, stitch up edges of the slit, because you want it to be a bit stretchy, leave some slack in your stitch. Take a couple stitches on each side of the slit to secure that edge and keep it from stretching too much.
Fold in half, and blanket stitch the 7 inch sides together.
Now stitch around the top and the bottom, single layer, to make a finished edge tube. Make sure to leave some slack for stretching when you put them on.
The first pair I tried to make, I put the stitched edge on the inside with a thumb hole. My daughter liked the way they looked, but I didn't like the feel of the seam there. This pair is also a bit shorter. They can be shorter or longer, or have a strip of another fleece inset for decoration.
Today we went to our local renaissance fair. My daughter brought along the TARDIS she made out of duct tape so we could get lots of photos. Did you know that when you bring a TARDIS to something like a ren fair, lots of people will stop to talk to you about it? The basic shape was made from cereal box cardboard, then covered in duct tape. The windows are cut out of clear packaging plastic.
Thank you! I'm glad you like them, and it's always okay to pin from this site and I appreciate it so much.


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4 December 2020 - New councillor for Northern Grampians Shire Council
New councillor for Northern Grampians Shire Council
Trevor Errol Gready is South West Ward's new representative on Northern Grampians Shire Council, after a by-election was held for the single-councillor ward.
Mr Gready was among three candidates standing for the by-election, and he will represent South West Ward on Northern Grampians Shire Council until the next general council election in October 2024.
The Election Manager, Clarissa Hyland , declared the result at 5 pm on Friday 4 December at Stawell Town Hall, 63–65 Main Street, Stawell.
The by-election was triggered because no candidates nominated for South West Ward in the recent Northern Grampians Shire Council general election.
Find further details about the results


Airing tomorrow 2/25/09 the History Channel will be featuring a special on the Jersey Devil. For this episode rumor has it there the Montauk Monster will also be featured as supporting evidence. A bit piece was created and a reenactment featuring Christina Pampalone. (Montauk monster photographer the of 2nd set of pictures) In any event this should be an interesting show for all our friends in the New York Tri-State area.
Do you think the Montauk Monster is related to the Jersey Devil?


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We can import your list into our mailing software from any one of several file types. The most commonly used format is Excel. You can also use csv, txt or dbase. Make sure that you have separate fields for First Name, Last Name, Address, City, State and Zip.


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Tag: AB32
Et tu, EJ?
I'm not a cap & trade fan, but I find it rather bizarre that the most successful opposition to California's AB32 legislation comes from the environmental justice (EJ) movement, on the grounds that cap & trade might make emissions go up in areas that are already disadvantaged, and that Air Resources failed to adequately consider alternatives like a carbon tax.
I think carbon taxes did get short shrift in the AB32 design. Taxes were a second-place favorite among economists in the early days, but ultimately the MAC analysis focused on cap & trade, because it provided environmental certainty needed to meet legal targets (oops), but also because it was political suicide to say "tax" out loud at the time.
While cap & trade has issues with dynamic stability, allocation wrangling and complexity, it's hard to imagine any way that those drawbacks would change the fundamental relationship between the price signal's effect on GHGs vs. criteria air pollutants. In fact, GHGs and other pollutant emissions are highly correlated, so it's quite likely that cap & trade will have ancillary benefits from other pollutant reductions.
To get specific, think of large point sources like refineries and power plants. For the EJ argument to make sense, you'd have to think that emitters would somehow meet their greenhouse compliance obligations by increasing their emissions of nastier things, or at least concentrating them all at a few facilities in disadvantaged areas. (An analogy might be removing catalytic converters from cars to increase efficiency.) But this can't really happen, because the air quality permitting process is not superseded by the cap & trade system. In the long run, it's also inconceivable that it could occur, because there's no way you could meet compliance obligations for deep cuts by increasing emissions. A California with 80% cuts by 2050 isn't going to have 18 refineries, and therefore it's not going to emit as much.
The ARB concludes as much in a supplement to the AB32 scoping plan, released yesterday. It considers alternatives to cap & trade. There's some nifty stuff in the analysis, including a table of existing emissions taxes (page 89).
It seems that to some extent ARB has tilted the playing field a bit by evaluating a dumb tax, i.e. one that doesn't adapt its price level to meet environmental objectives without legislative intervention, and heightening leakage concerns that strike me as equally applicable to cap & trade. But they do raise legitimate legal concerns – a tax is not a legal option for ARB without a vote of the legislature, which would likely fail because it requires a supermajority, and tax-equivalent fees are a dubious proposition.
If there's no Plan B alternative to cap and trade, I wonder what the EJ opposition was after? Surely failure to address emissions is not compatible with a broad notion of justice.
Author TomPosted on June 15, 2011 Categories Climate, PolicyTags AB32, California, cap & tradeLeave a comment on Et tu, EJ?
Ethanol Odd Couple & the California LCFS
I started sharing items from my feed reader, here. Top of the list is currently a pair of articles from Science Daily:
Corn-for-ethanol's Carbon Footprint Critiqued
To avoid creating greenhouse gases, it makes more sense using today's technology to leave land unfarmed in conservation reserves than to plow it up for corn to make biofuel, according to a comprehensive Duke University-led study.
"Converting set-asides to corn-ethanol production is an inefficient and expensive greenhouse gas mitigation policy that should not be encouraged until ethanol-production technologies improve," the study's authors reported in the March edition of the research journal Ecological Applications.
Corn Rises After Government Boosts Estimate for Ethanol Demand
Corn rose for a fourth straight session, the longest rally this year, after the U.S. government unexpectedly increased its estimate of the amount of grain that will be used to make ethanol.
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, and Senator Amy Klobuchar, a Minnesota Democrat, both said March 9 they support higher amounts of ethanol blended into gasoline. On March 6, Growth Energy, an ethanol-industry trade group, asked the Environmental Protection Agency to raise the U.S. ratio of ethanol in gasoline to 15 percent from 10 percent.
This left me wondering where California's assessments of low carbon fuels now stand. Last March, I attended a collaborative workshop on life cycle analysis of low carbon fuels, part of a series (mostly facilitated by Ventana, but not this one) on GHG policy. The elephant in the room was indirect land use emissions from biofuels. At the time, some of the academics present argued that, while there's a lot of uncertainty, zero is the one value that we know to be wrong. That left me wondering what plan B is for biofuels, if current variants turn out to have high land use emissions (rendering them worse than fossil alternatives) and advanced variants remain elusive.
It turns out to be an opportune moment to wonder about this again, because California ARB has just released its LCFS staff report and a bunch of related documents on fuel GHG intensities and land use emissions. The staff report burdens corn ethanol with an indirect land use emission factor of 30 gCO2eq/MJ, on top of direct emissions of 47 to 75 gCO2eq/MJ. That renders 4 of the 11 options tested worse than gasoline (CA RFG at 96 gCO2eq/MJ). Brazilian sugarcane ethanol goes from 27 gCO2eq/MJ direct to 73 gCO2eq/MJ total, due to a higher burden of 46 gCO2eq/MJ for land use (presumably due to tropical forest proximity).
These numbers are a lot bigger than the zero, but also a lot smaller than Michael O'Hare's 2008 back-of-the-envelope exercise. For example, for corn ethanol grown on converted CRP land, he put total emissions at 228 gCO2eq/MJ (more than twice as high as gasoline), of which 140 gCO2eq/MJ is land use. Maybe the new results (from the GTAP model) are a lot better, but I'm a little wary of the fact that the Staff Report sensitivity ranges on land use (32-57 gCO2eq/MJ for sugarcane, for example) have such a low variance, when uncertainty was previously regarded as rather profound.
But hey, 7 of 11 corn ethanol variants are still better than gasoline, right? Not so fast. A low carbon fuel standard sets the constraint:
(1-x)*G = (1-s)*G + s*A
where x is the standard (emissions intensity cut vs. gasoline), s is the market share of the low-carbon alternative, G is the intensity of gasoline, and A is the intensity of the alternative. Rearranging,
s = x / (1-A/G)
In words, the market share of the alternative fuel needed is proportional to the size of the cut, x, and inversely proportional to the alternative's improvement over gasoline, (1-A/G), which I'll call i. As a result, the required share of an alternative fuel increases steeply as it's performance approaches the limit required by the standard, as shown schematically below:
Clearly, if a fuel's i is less than x, s=x/i would have to exceed 1, which is impossible, so you couldn't meet the constraint with that fuel alone (though you could still use it, supplemented by something better).
Thus land use emissions are quite debilitating for conventional ethanol fuels' role in the LCFS. For example, ignoring land use emissions, California dry process ethanol has intensity ~=59, or i=0.39. To make a 10% cut, x=0.1, you'd need s=0.26 – 26% market share is hard, but doable. But add 30 gCO2eq/MJ for land use, and i=0.07, which means you can't meet the standard with that fuel alone. Even the best ethanol option, Brazilian sugarcane at i=0.24, would have 42% market share to meet the standard. This means that the alternative to gasoline in the LCFS would have to be either an advanced ethanol (cellulosic, not yet evaluated), electricity (i=0.6) or hydrogen. As it turns out, that's exactly what the new Staff Report shows. In the new gasoline compliance scenarios in table ES-10, conventional ethanol contributes at most 5% of the 2020 intensity reduction.
Chapter VI of the Staff Report describes compliance scenarios in more detail. Of the four scenarios in the gasoline stovepipe, each blends 15 to 20% ethanol into gasoline. That ethanol is in turn about 10% conventional (Midwest corn or an improved CA variant with lower intensity) and up to 10% sugarcane. The other 80 to 90% of ethanol is either cellulosic or "advanced renewable" (from forest waste).
That makes the current scenarios a rather different beast from those explored in the original UC Davis LCFS technical study that provides the analytical foundation for the LCFS. I dusted off my copy of VISION-CA (the model used, and a topic for another post some day) and ran the 10% cut scenarios. Some look rather like the vision in the current staff report, with high penetration of low-intensity fuels. But the most technically diverse (and, I think, the most plausible) scenario is H10, with multiple fuels and vehicles. The H10 scenario's ethanol is still 70% conventional Midwest corn in 2020. It also includes substantial "dieselization" of the fleet (which helps due to diesel's higher tank-to-wheel efficiency). I suspect that H10-like scenarios are now unavailable, due to land use emissions (which greatly diminish the value of corn ethanol) and the choice of separate compliance pathways for gasoline and diesel.
The new beast isn't necessarily worse than the old, but it strikes me as higher risk, because it relies on the substantial penetration of fuels that aren't on the market today. If that's going to happen by 2020, it's going to be a busy decade.
Author TomPosted on March 11, 2009 Categories Climate, energy, Low Carb Fuels, Regional Climate InitiativesTags AB32, alternative fuels, California, carbon, emissions, ethanol, GHG, LCFS, transport1 Comment on Ethanol Odd Couple & the California LCFS
California Punting on Cap & Trade
Bloomberg reports that California's cap and trade program may still be some way off:
[CARB chair] Nichols told venture capitalists and clean-energy executives last week in Mountain View, California, that she was "thinking of punting," saying the specifics of the emissions-trading program may not be ready for 1-2 more years.
"I think the cap-and-trade system needs to be thought through and I don't think that has been done yet," said Jerry Hill, a member of the Air Resources Board. "It would be a good idea to take our time to be sure what we do create is successful."
Greentech VCs aren't thrilled, but I think this is wise, and applaud CARB for recognizing the scale of the design task rather than launching a half-baked program. Still, delay is costly, and design complexity contributes to delay. California has a lot of balls in the air, with a hybrid design involving a dozen or so sectoral initiatives, a low-carbon fuel standard, and cap & trade. As I said a while ago,
My fear is that the analysis of GHG initiatives will ultimately prove overconstrained and underpowered, and that as a result implementation will ultimately crumble when called upon to make real changes (like California's ambitious executive order targeting 2050 emissions 80% below 1990 levels). California's electric power market restructuring debacle jumps to mind. I think underpowered analysis is partly a function of history. Other programs, like emissions markets for SOx, energy efficiency programs, and local regulation of criteria air pollutants have all worked OK in the past. However, these activities have all been marginal, in the sense that they affect only a small fraction of energy costs and a tinier fraction of GDP. Thus they had limited potential to create noticeable unwanted side effects that might lead to damaging economic ripple effects or the undoing of the policy. Given that, it was feasible to proceed by cautious experimentation. Greenhouse gas regulation, if it is to meet ambitious goals, will not be marginal; it will be pervasive and obvious. Analysis budgets of a few million dollars (much less in most regions) seem out of proportion with the multibillion $/year scale of the problem.
One result of the omission of a true top-down design process is that there has been no serious comparison of proposed emissions trading schemes with carbon taxes, though there are many strong substantive arguments in favor of the latter. In California, for example, the CPUC Interim Opinion on Greenhouse Gas Regulatory Strategies states, 'We did not seriously consider the carbon tax option in the course of this proceeding, due to the fact that, if such a policy were implemented, it would most likely be imposed on the economy as a whole by ARB.' It's hard for CARB to consider a tax, because legislation does not authorize it. It's hard for legislators to enable a tax, because a supermajority is required and it's generally considered poor form to say the word 'tax' out loud. Thus, for better or for worse, a major option is foreclosed at the outset.
At the risk of repeating myself,
The BC tax demonstrates a huge advantage of a carbon tax over cap & trade: it can be implemented quickly. The tax was introduced in the Feb. 19 budget, and switched on July 1st. By contrast, the WCI and California cap & trade systems have been underway much longer, and still are no where near going live.
My preferred approach to GHG regulation would be, in a nutshell: (a) get a price on emissions ASAP, in as simple and stable a way as possible; if you can't have a tax, design cap & trade to look like a tax (b) get other regions to harmonize (c) then do all that other stuff: removing institutional barriers to change, R&D, efficiency and renewable incentives, in roughly that order (c) dispense with portfolio standards and other mandates unless (a) through (c) aren't doing the job.
Author TomPosted on November 12, 2008 Categories Climate, Policy, Regional Climate InitiativesTags AB32, California, cap & trade, carbon tax, emissions, GHG, regulationLeave a comment on California Punting on Cap & Trade


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Home / Practice Overview
Practice Overview – Deutsch Atkins, P.C.
Employment discrimination and other workplace violations
For decades, the employment lawyers at Deutsch Atkins, P.C. in New Jersey have protected the rights of employees who lost their jobs for unlawful reasons, such as discrimination. We have represented thousands of clients throughout New York and New Jersey, obtaining millions of dollars through trial verdicts and negotiated settlements.
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Employment law encompasses a broad range of legal issues relating to the employee-employer relationship. If you have been unlawfully disciplined or terminated, the NJ employment law firm of Deutsch Atkins, P.C. has the knowledge and experience to effectively protect your rights and seek maximum compensation for the harm you suffered.
Our employment law attorneys handle a broad range of legal issues:
Discrimination — We help victims of unlawful employment discrimination based on race or national origin, sex or gender, religion, age, disability, pregnancy, or sexual orientation.
Harassment — Employees cannot be subjected to a hostile work environment because of their status in a protected class. We can help you if you have been a victim of harassment.
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As I sit here on Christmas Eve it is always a moment when I reflect on a miracle in my life.
Many do not believe that Jesus is real or is the Son of God, nor that miracles happen such as the virgin birth. I know many of us are not sure if the birth of Jesus really occurred on December 25th yet that is when we celebrate it. All our trying to figure it out is really quite fruitless and truly an argument within ourselves.
This character Jesus, the Savior born in Bethlehem, be He a fable or a truth has assisted humanity in some way for over 2000 years.
My story is about Christmas Eve in 1991.
The quick version is that I was an alcoholic who had a Near Death Experience and still refused to stop drinking 2 months afterwards.
I had been invited back into the family of the woman I loved, to share in her Christmas Holiday. As I was still drinking, of course the evening progressed to a quarrel with one of her sons.
I got up to leave and aroused everyone in the household including her 80 year old mother who was now in the midst of this chaos, of not letting me leave and drive drunk to my apartment some 2 states away.
So as I was surrendering to their pleas, more hurt about failing them rather than myself, I remember crying out to Jesus. Whether out loud or in my head I can't say for sure but the prayer or plea was as follows.
I went back up the stairs, went to bed and passed out… another drunken Christmas Eve and the one I loved broken-hearted again.
Well now that my public confession is over the real story begins.
I have not had a drink of alcohol ever since. No hard cravings, some physical withdrawal but not enough to cry about. A miracle that has now lasted 24 years tonight.
So my friends never underestimate what you can't verify by scientific or logical deduction. Always leave the door open, for you never know when you might need a miracle from this being called Jesus.
Thank you and Many Blessings to you as well.
Well said and very poignant! All the love this holiday season flows through your words!


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News> Business> Content
Thursday, April 18, 2019, 11:55
Dairy firms eye growing appetite for cheese
By Zhu Wanqian
Thursday, April 18, 2019, 11:55 By Zhu Wanqian
This undated photo shows a child has a taste of cheese products produced by Yili Group at an exhibition in Urumqi, capital of the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. (PHOTO / XINHUA)
Cheese is set to become a new growth point of the dairy sector in China, prompted by the increasing popularity of Western food and some innovative combinations such as cheese hotpot and milk tea with cheese on top.
In major first-tier cities, the dairy market is undergoing some structural changes as sales of high-end pure milk continue to expand, and sales of yogurt and cheese surge, industry experts said.
Currently, annual per capita consumption of cheese in China is only 0.1 kilogram, far below 2.4 kg in Japan, 2.8 kg in South Korea, 15 kg in the United States and 18.6 kg in Europe where France, Germany and the Netherlands take the top three spots, according to the China Dairy Industry Association.
Consumption of milk and other dairy products like cheese and butter will keep growing and help to boost total dairy consumption
Zhang Liebing, Associate professor at China Agricultural University
ALSO READ: How cheese transformed a poor village - Story of Imsil Cheese
"Dairy consumption in smaller cities and rural areas in China is far from the level it could be. Consumption of milk and other dairy products like cheese and butter will keep growing and help to boost total dairy consumption," said Zhang Liebing, an associate professor at China Agricultural University.
The annual per capita consumption of dairy products in China has reached 36 kg now, much higher than the 6 kg recorded two decades ago, but the volume is still less than half that of Asia and less than a third of the world average, the dairy association said. Meanwhile, to produce 1 kg of cheese, it requires about 10 kg of milk. The cost of milk in China is about double that in Europe and the US, and the cost of producing cheese is even higher, making the cheese products available in supermarkets in China relatively expensive.
"The number of Chinese people who like eating cheese will rise, due to the growth in popularity of Western food like pizza, spaghetti, cheesecake and sandwiches in China. The volume of imported cheese has been growing significantly, showing an increasing demand and appetite from consumers," said Song Kungang, honorary chairman of the dairy association.
Last year, China imported 108,300 metric tons of cheese, which is nearly three times higher than that in 2011. China imported 6,200 tons of cheese from New Zealand in 2018, a 25.9 percent increase year-on-year, according to the General Administration of Customs.
Meanwhile, domestic dairy companies produced about 40,000 tons of cheese last year, figures from the dairy association show.
Currently, China only allows imports of large packages of cheese or smaller cheese already cut by foreign manufacturers, but does not allow domestic dealers to cut imported large packages of cheese for sale for food safety reasons.
"Domestic producers should pay more attention to the development of cheese products. Cheese wrapped in small packages and snack foods like cheese sticks are favored by consumers and seen as a future trend," Song said.
"In fact, many Chinese foodstuff firms are starting to use cheese as an ingredient, such as vegetable buns with cheese, seafood cheese fried rice, and deep-fried purple potato balls in cheese. Besides, China has rich resources for special dairy products, and domestic producers can develop cheese based on goat, buffalo and yak milk," he said.
"We would also like to call for a faster revision of the comprehensive cheese production standards in China and the issuance of licensing for cutting imported cheese. This would help to enable imports of more high-quality cheese, and build platforms for the innovation of more cheese products by domestic companies," he said.
In addition, cheese has a high nutritional value and the protein from cheese can be fully digested, meaning that lactose-intolerant Chinese consumers don't need to worry about such problems, Song added.
Major domestic dairy companies have witnessed a faster rate of growth in sales of cheese products than the overall dairy market and that of liquid milk.
Last year, Inner Mongolia-based Yili Group, China's largest dairy producer, achieved sales revenue of 79.55 billion yuan (US$11.85 billion), rising 16.89 percent year-on-year.
Its liquid milk sales reached 65.68 billion yuan, up 17.78 percent annually. Sales of dairy products such as cheese, butter and milk powder hit 8.05 billion yuan, an increase of 25.14 percent annually, according to Yili's latest earnings report.
By 2023, sales of cheese in China, including processed and unprocessed cheese, are expected to reach US$1.44 billion, which will be 44.7 percent higher than this year's expected sales level, market researcher Euromonitor International said.
In terms of retail value, the US is the biggest cheese market, followed by France and Germany. Last year, sales of cheese in the US reached US$23.41 billion, much higher than the US$10.37 billion recorded in France, Euromonitor International found.
Song Liang, a senior dairy industry analyst, said in the next five years, young people born after 2000 will become the backbone consumer group of cheese, and he suggests that domestic dairy firms develop more cheese products, snack foods and fast food cheese products catering to younger appetites.
According to the Chinese Milk Quotient report released last year, currently the dairy consumption of nearly 80 percent of Chinese consumers does not meet national dietary recommendations-Chinese adults are advised to consume 300 grams of milk or the same quantity of dairy products every day, according to the Chinese Dietary Guidelines, but most people are not aware of the guidelines and do not consume enough. Besides, more than 70 percent of Chinese consumers only drink milk and yogurt, proteins from which are fairly simple in structure.
READ MORE: Japan's cheese makers 'to get aid' amid EU imports
On the other hand, industry experts said China lacks advanced technologies to develop and produce high-quality cheese as well as more varieties.
"The production of cheese is the most difficult and complicated dairy process, and it is hard to make products of consistent quality. Major domestic dairy producers need to increase their investments in R&D and cooperate with more scientific research institutes in the development of cheese," said Liu Zhenmin, director of the Bright Dairy Research Institute.
zhuwenqian@chinadaily.com.cn
Everton confirms Sean Dyche as new first team coach
Chinese shares lower at midday Tuesday
Holocaust exhibition opens in Shanghai
US watchdog identifies $5.4b in potentially fraudulent COVID loans


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