text:
package org.camunda.bpm.identity.impl.ldap;

import java.util.HashSet;
import static org.camunda.bpm.engine.authorization.Authorization.AUTH_TYPE_GRANT;
import static org.camunda.bpm.engine.authorization.Permissions.READ;
import static org.camunda.bpm.engine.authorization.Resources.GROUP;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

import org.camunda.bpm.engine.authorization.Authorization;
import org.camunda.bpm.engine.authorization.Permission;
import org.camunda.bpm.engine.authorization.Resource;
import org.camunda.bpm.engine.identity.Group;
import static org.camunda.bpm.identity.impl.ldap.LdapTestUtilities.checkPagingResults;
import static org.camunda.bpm.identity.impl.ldap.LdapTestUtilities.testGroupPaging;

/**
 * @author Daniel Meyer
 *
 */
public class LdapGroupQueryTest extends LdapIdentityProviderTest {

  public void testQueryNoFilter() {
    List<Group> groupList = identityService.createGroupQuery().list();

    assertEquals(6, groupList.size());
  }

  public void testFilterByGroupId() {
    Group group = identityService.createGroupQuery().groupId("management").singleResult();
    assertNotNull(group);

    // validate result
    assertEquals("management", group.getId());
    assertEquals("management", group.getName());

    group = identityService.createGroupQuery().groupId("whatever").singleResult();
    assertNull(group);
  }

  public void testFilterByGroupIdIn() {
    List<Group> groups = identityService.createGroupQuery()
      .groupIdIn("external", "management")
      .list();

    assertEquals(2, groups.size());
    for (Group group : groups) {
      if (!group.getId().equals("external") && !group.getId().equals("management")) {
        fail();
      }
    }
  }

  public void testFilterByGroupName() {
    Group group = identityService.createGroupQuery().groupName("management").singleResult();
    assertNotNull(group);

    // validate result
    assertEquals("management", group.getId());
    assertEquals("management", group.getName());

    group = identityService.createGroupQuery().groupName("whatever").singleResult();
    assertNull(group);
  }

  public void testFilterByGroupNameLike() {
    Group group = identityService.createGroupQuery().groupNameLike("manage*").singleResult();
    assertNotNull(group);

    // validate result
    assertEquals("management", group.getId());
    assertEquals("management", group.getName());

    group = identityService.createGroupQuery().groupNameLike("what*").singleResult();
    assertNull(group);
  }

  public void testFilterByGroupMember() {
    List<Group> list = identityService.createGroupQuery().groupMember("daniel").list();
    assertEquals(3, list.size());
    list = identityService.createGroupQuery().groupMember("oscar").list();
    assertEquals(2, list.size());
    list = identityService.createGroupQuery().groupMember("ruecker").list();
    assertEquals(4, list.size());
    list = identityService.createGroupQuery().groupMember("non-existing").list();
    assertEquals(0, list.size());
  }

  public void testFilterByGroupMemberSpecialCharacter() {
    List<Group> list = identityService.createGroupQuery().groupMember("david(IT)").list();
    assertEquals(2, list.size());
  }

  public void testFilterByGroupMemberPosix() {

    // by default the configuration does not use posix groups
    LdapConfiguration ldapConfiguration = new LdapConfiguration();
    ldapConfiguration.setGroupMemberAttribute("memberUid");
    ldapConfiguration.setGroupSearchFilter("(someFilter)");

    LdapIdentityProviderSession session = new LdapIdentityProviderSession(ldapConfiguration) {
      // mock getDnForUser
      protected String getDnForUser(String userId) {
        return userId+ ", fullDn";
      }
    };

    // if I query for groups by group member
    LdapGroupQuery query = new LdapGroupQuery();
    query.groupMember("jonny");

    // then the full DN is requested. This is the default behavior.
    String filter = session.getGroupSearchFilter(query);
    assertEquals("(&(someFilter)(memberUid=jonny, fullDn))", filter);

    // If I turn on posix groups
    ldapConfiguration.setUsePosixGroups(true);

    //  then the filter string does not contain the full DN for the
    // user but the simple (unqualified) userId as provided in the query
    filter = session.getGroupSearchFilter(query);
    assertEquals("(&(someFilter)(memberUid=jonny))", filter);

  }

  public void testPagination() {
    testGroupPaging(identityService);
  }

  public void testPaginationWithAuthenticatedUser() {
    createGrantAuthorization(GROUP, "management", "oscar", READ);
    createGrantAuthorization(GROUP, "consulting", "oscar", READ);
    createGrantAuthorization(GROUP, "external", "oscar", READ);

    try {
      processEngineConfiguration.setAuthorizationEnabled(true);

      identityService.setAuthenticatedUserId("oscar");

      Set<String> groupNames = new HashSet<>();
      List<Group> groups = identityService.createGroupQuery().listPage(0, 2);
      assertEquals(2, groups.size());
      checkPagingResults(groupNames, groups.get(0).getId(), groups.get(1).getId());

      groups = identityService.createGroupQuery().listPage(2, 2);
      assertEquals(1, groups.size());
      assertFalse(groupNames.contains(groups.get(0).getId()));
      groupNames.add(groups.get(0).getId());

      groups = identityService.createGroupQuery().listPage(4, 2);
      assertEquals(0, groups.size());

      identityService.setAuthenticatedUserId("daniel");

      groups = identityService.createGroupQuery().listPage(0, 2);
      assertEquals(0, groups.size());

    } finally {
      processEngineConfiguration.setAuthorizationEnabled(false);
      identityService.clearAuthentication();

      for (Authorization authorization : authorizationService.createAuthorizationQuery().list()) {
        authorizationService.deleteAuthorization(authorization.getId());
      }

    }
  }

  protected void createGrantAuthorization(Resource resource, String resourceId, String userId, Permission... permissions) {
    Authorization authorization = createAuthorization(AUTH_TYPE_GRANT, resource, resourceId);
    authorization.setUserId(userId);
    for (Permission permission : permissions) {
      authorization.addPermission(permission);
    }
    authorizationService.saveAuthorization(authorization);
  }

  protected Authorization createAuthorization(int type, Resource resource, String resourceId) {
    Authorization authorization = authorizationService.createNewAuthorization(type);

    authorization.setResource(resource);
    if (resourceId != null) {
      authorization.setResourceId(resourceId);
    }

    return authorization;
  }

}


For a game that started out as an unrelated title, the basic premise of Ghoul Patrol is surprisingly similar: once again the neighbors are being held hostage by the creatures of the night, and only the two daring teenagers Zeke and Julie can save them. Like in ZAMN, each stage contains 10 victims in addition to hidden keys and breakable walls.
The game definitely makes better use of the SNES color palette, although not to make the game look any more "colorful", since the visuals are less outlandish than before. Unfortunately, that also applies to the arsenal, which aside from the crossbow now consists entirely of "ordinary" alien guns. These might have been interesting compared to any typical shooter of the time, but after all the crazy makeshift weapons in the first game, they almost seem a bit boring. As if to make up for this, the corny purple monster Zeke and Julie could transform into previously, to deal massive damage to both their enemies and the environment, is replaced by a cool Grim Reaper.
The pressure in general feels much lower this time around, though. Most enemies follow fixed movement patterns, with only a few like the deadly samurai ghosts actively chasing you and your neighbors. Getting the latter killed is not as bad as it used to be, either, as they're restocked to 10 at the start of every new world. Resources are also supplied generously, and restarting a later stage with a password isn't nearly as much of a handicap as it used to be. Some of the enemy patterns, however, are pretty wicked, and you often have to break your way through constantly respawning circles or narrowly escape patrolling sharks.
At the fourth stage awaits a giant Robot; the first of several boss fights, a feature Zombies ate my Neighbors didn't really have, apart from the end boss (unless you count the giant babies which showed up sometimes). They're not too exciting, though. They're just hovering around the arena, spawning projectiles and being massive damage sponges that take forever to kill, especially if you've run out of invincibility potions.
After the fight, Zeke and Julie find themselves in an unfamiliar environment. ZAMN cycled through several tilesets for its surroundings, but they could all easily be interpreted as being somewhere in present day North America or Europe (or sometimes Egypt). Their second journey, however, takes them all around the globe and to different time zones, all with individual sets of "neighbors". After securing their own neighborhood, the kids go to feudal Japan to save geishas from bloodthirsty samurai and crazy taoist immortals. Next stop is the Caribbean, where the main threats are sharks and ghost pirates. Then it goes to the castles and dungeons of medieval Europe, followed by a short stop in hell, and then… then it's already over.
The short while that it lasts, however, Ghoul Patrol can still be a load of fun, especially with two players. The game has kind of a difficult standing as the sequel to one of the most interesting and genuinely unique action games of the 16-bit era, and cannot help but fall short of the expectations that come with it, but that's not really its own fault. It can probably be most favourably viewed as kind of an expansion pack to the original, even though the additional moves do make Ghoul Patrol its own thing. The short length was a problem when it was sold at full-price back in 1995 – not so much now, when it's available on the Wii Virtual Console alongside its predecessor.
It's been nearly 20 years since ZAMN was first released, and people are still talking about it. In fact it was apparently one of the most requested re-releases for Nintendo's Virtual Console on Wii. Additionally, not too long ago there was even a clone on 360/PS3 called Monster Madness. Even though it adds elements that sound great on paper, like four-player support and vehicle rides, it's nowhere as good as ZAMN. The gameplay is just too chaotic to be any fun, as often it's hard to make out what's going on when looking at the screen.


text:
https://www.fairplanet.org/story/sierra-leone-inspires-hope-with-alternative-treatment-for-breast-cancer/
Sierra Leone inspires hope with alternative treatment for breast cancer
Africa, breast cancer, cancer, technology
A Sierra Leone student has discovered an alternative cure to an aggressive subtype of breast cancer commonly found in women of African descent; a welcome relief in a continent that is overwhelmed by an unprecedented rise in cancer cases, but with limited expertise and resources to tackle them.
Sandra Musujusu, who is still working on her research through macromolecular science is targeting to develop biodegradable polymer material as an alternative and sustainable way of tackling triple negative breast cancer. This cancer subtype is more aggressive than all the other types of cancer with studies indicating that it is more likely to return after treatment especially in the early years after treatment. In one study that targeted over 1600 women with triple negative cancer, the results showed that the cancer was highly likely to reappear outside the breast for the first three years. Another study examining the lifespan of women with the cancer found out that more had a chance of dying within five years of diagnosis.
It is this sorry state of affairs that Sandra seeks to reverse.
"My research is actually centered on the development of bio-degradable polymers for treatment of breast cancer. "I will be focusing on triple negative breast cancer which is actually the aggressive sub-type of breast cancer that is common with women of African ancestry. "I believe there is a bright future for Africa, and as a woman there is much more we can do if we are empowered," she said when explaining her research to the media in Nigeria.
Sandra's stab at tackling cancer is one of the bold and innovative ways scientists in Africa are trying to address a problem that seems to be endemic now more than ever, occasioned by changing lifestyles and lack of requisite resources to tackle it before it spreads.
"As a continent even though we have celebrated major milestones that have been made in the war on cancer, we still have a long way to go because many people still die either due to late diagnosis or have no resources to treat cancer. Our public healthcare where majority of the population rely on for treatment doesn't even have the basic technology to do diagnosis. That is why Sandra's research and other scientists across Africa burning the midnight oil to provide alternative, sustainable and affordable solutions deserve recognition," said Dr. Ahmed Abdalla an oncologist in East Africa.
Breast cancer still remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer world over among women with an approximated 1.7 million new cases reported in 2012. In the US, black women with breast cancer are at the highest risk of dying than any other ethnicity according to the Susan G. Komen Foundation.
The scourge has especially taken a toll on developing countries especially Africa, with over 94,000 new cases reported in Sub Saharan Africa every year. It has now overtaken cervical cancer as the leading cause of death in a majority of the countries in the region. Developing countries, especially in Africa, are said to be spending up to $100 million to fight cancer - money they don't have as they struggle to acquire modern technology. It is manifest in the few radio therapy machines that usually break down and a long waiting list of patients to access these facilities. About 15 African countries have no radiotherapy machines at all. In Kenya's national hospital, Kenyatta for example, the waiting list extends up to two years.
This, even as the disease continues to take a toll on the productive manpower key in driving the countries' economic growth.
Industry players now say that with the expected rise in cancer cases going forward, developing nations should now tap into its educated and suave young generations who have previously proven valuable in coming up with homemade solutions to some of the most biting African problems. Sandra Musujusu while being among the frontrunners in this area is a classic case study. "Looking at the limited number of resources and expertise that the continent has to address the ever rising cases of cancer, we need to get smart and ahead of the disease. We have an educated young workforce who should now be championing low cost local solutions to what is now a major disaster. Sandra should inspire a whole set of new discoveries," said Dr. Abdalla.
Article written by:
Author, Contributing Editor
Support Fairplanet
We depend on readers like you to keep our impact journalism strong.
Fostering global inclusion all our journalists are being paid equally across the planet.
Thanks to a grant each first time user receives 100 coins (10 €) for FREE. Use the code "fairplanet" after clicking the donation button.
Or click the red info icon for instructions.
The triple negative cancer sub type is more aggressive than all the other types of cancer with studies indicating that it is more likely to return after treatment especially in the early years after treatment.
"My research is actually centered on the development of bio-degradable polymers for treatment of breast cancer."
"Looking at the limited number of resources and expertise that the continent has to address the ever rising cases of cancer, we need to get smart and ahead of the disease."
related & recommended articles
How the rise of holistic healthcare might actually put people's health at risk
The rise of the wellness industry brought with it an excessive amount of healthcare apps that people quickly adopted without any questions.
Criminals are using virtual money in video games to launder dirty money
Hackers and criminals are now using loot boxes and purchases within video games as a money-laundering marketplace.
Everything you need to know about 5G, and more
With 5G, we will be stepping fully into a new area of real-time response time online.
A personal journey for nation building
Shadi Khan Saif
The pioneering female member of the nascent Afghan democracy, Fawzia Koofi is now heading Movement of Change for Afghanistan.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Magic of Bighorn Medicine Wheel
Cynthia Calhoun
Cynthia is a digital marketer, writer, and artist. She writes about a variety of topics, especially languages, art and culture.
Bighorn Medicine Wheel is a sacred place.
Visiting Medicine Mountain
I discovered Bighorn Medicine Wheel when I was reading a book called Sacred Places Around the World. The medicine wheel was only one of a few sacred places listed in North America. It's over 10,000 years old and no one knows why or by whom it was created.
Native American Indians call the medicine wheel "The Place Where the Eagle Lands."
On a recent road trip, I knew I had to incorporate this place into my travels.
We approached Medicine Mountain from the east driving west. Just a couple miles from the sacred place, there is a stop where you can get a view of Medicine Mountain.
There are granite rock formations that sit high on these mountains. We were probably about 8,000 feet in elevation just as we got to the entrance.
Medicine Mountain has an observatory near its summit, as well. It's no wonder: there is no urban development in this area at all. The skies are completely clear and free of any light pollution at night.
The view from the "point of interest" just east of Medicine Mountain. You can see the observatory.
Still at the "point of interest," rain clouds approached. The high elevation means that Medicine Mountain often gets its own weather.
Walking to the Medicine Wheel
When you turn to go to Medicine Mountain, the road isn't paved. It's another quick ascent up the side of the mountain, as well.
If you have a fear of heights, just be prepared.
But once you arrive at the parking lot, you still have a mile and a half to walk toward the wheel itself.
It becomes sort of a pilgrimage: you take in the natural scenery and beauty, you notice wildflowers, and even tiny animals called pikas.
Something starts to happen while you're walking, too. An electric, yet humble feeling comes over you as you enter sacred ground.
The "pilgrimage" to the medicine wheel. This is the same trail different tribes have used for 10,000 years to travel to the wheel.
The Medicine Wheel in the Bighorn Mountains
Along the walk, you see evidence of what was once part of an inland ocean, and small critters such as the pika.
The Book that Inspired My Voyage to the Medicine Wheel
High Altitude Tips
Be sure the air in your tires is NOT at maximum pressure as you ascend into the mountains. It is a quick ascent. Their pressure will increase as you go up and can cause a blowout.
If you have food in the car (like I did), be sure to have it contained in bags. What I mean is that we had a watermelon wrapped in a grocery bag. It cracked and effectively exploded its contents as we made our ascent!
Bags of chips will also burst open if you're coming from much lower altitude.
If you go into high altitude from low altitude (less than 3,500 ft), your best bet is not to stay there overnight. Acclimation is important to stave off headaches and altitude sickness.
Make sure you drink enough water that your urine is clear, but not so much you need to stop multiple times on the side of the road. There are limited restroom facilities.
About the Medicine Wheel
When you arrive after your walk, something happens. You start to feel a sense of awe for what is 10,000 years old.
In fact, the road people walk to get there is the same trail that Native American Indian tribes have been using for as many years!
When you walk up to the wheel, there is a path to walk around it that goes clockwise. You can't enter beyond the fence itself unless you're an American Indian participating in a religious ceremony.
It's quite the meditative experience: you're just down the summit of Medicine Mountain, named for the medicine wheel. The summit is about 10,000 feet. The trees and plants that grow there are hardy and the land itself is rocky.
The medicine wheel, however, is the focal point. The stones that make up the wheel form a pattern that looks a little like a wagon wheel. No one can tell you why tribes of another era created this wheel at this exact spot, but once you've walked it, you begin to understand that there is something - a buzzing, awed feeling - you get at this place.
This place, as well as the surrounding Bighorn Mountains had been a traditional scared place for many tribes throughout history. Tribal members would come to these mountains for religious purposes or for ceremonial purposes.
Other medicine wheels exist in the Bighorn Mountains. However, this one is the most well-known and considered the most sacred.
In fact, all over the Bighorn Mountain range, other wheels, caves and sites exist that natives consider very sacred.
First view of Bighorn Medicine Wheel.
Wheel Construction
The rocks of the medicine wheel create a circle about 80 feet in diameter. There are twenty eight spokes. There are certain spokes that line up with the sun's path during seasonal equinoxes.
The small circles to the outside of the circle probably held teepees and other objects in place.
You walk clockwise around the circle along the trail. Visitors cannot enter the area unless you are part of a Native American Indian tribe.
Around the fence of the wheel, American Indians leave flags, scarves, amulets, and other personal items. Non-native visitors may not leave physical items out of respect for the native folks who do.
Folks have even left deer, bison, or bear bones and skulls.
These items are a token of remembrance, or they can represent a prayer. Bones from animals often represent a totem or even a power animal.
Over time, many people have left a number of artifacts.
I know when I approached all these beautiful items, I couldn't help but gaze in awe at the memories, thoughts, and ideas that all make up the sanctity of the medicine wheel.
Offerings sometimes include skulls.
A view of some of the "spokes" of the wheel.
Powerful Wisdom
"Everything the Power of the World does is done in a circle. The sky is round. The earth is round like a ball, and so are all the stars. The life of a man is a circle from childhood to childhood, and so it is in everything where power moves."
— -Black Elk of the Lakota Sioux
This is an an abbreviated quote found on an information plaque on the path up to the medicine wheel.
Extra rocks arranged in a circle on the outer edges of the medicine wheel may have been used to anchor teepees or other similar items.
My favorite photo of the medicine wheel. It's hauntingly beautiful with a feather in the foreground.
Interesting Little Known Fact About the Wheel
In the early 1900s, people studying the wheel found a set of beads that "just didn't belong." They sent the beads to New York for testing.
They found that the beads were at least 300 years old and that they had originated in Venice.
Though it's not impossible that Venetian beads would appear in such a remote area, it's still remarkable. That means in the early 1600s, someone that had connections to Venice was up at the Medicine Wheel!
It's fun to speculate. Did the beads get there through trade? Or did a Venetian resident sail at sea and make a thousands of miles trek to the remote wilderness by chance?
Members of the different tribes who came to an agreement about how the medicine wheel would be used are commemorated on plaques.
More About the Medicine Wheel
Many throughout history have speculated why the medicine wheel exists.
Some have thought it was a destination for vision quests, that it is a place for inspiration, or that it commemorates the solstice. Still, others say it is a reproduction of the Sun Dance Lodge of the Crow.
More than 80 tribes use the wheel for religious purposes to this day.
In the 1970s and 80s, these tribes had been in contention as to whom had true rights to the wheel. The US government intervened and held talks with the leaders and chiefs of these tribes. They came to a consensus that the wheel could be used by all these tribes at different times.
Now, there is no contention, just thoughts of peace.
As you walk along the trail toward the Medicine Wheel, you can see names on golden plaques of the leaders who participated in that process.
All visitors are welcome. However, native tribes and park rangers ask for utmost respect as people visit. It is a matter of respecting others' beliefs, just as someone would respect a church or other place of worship.
© 2016 Cynthia Calhoun
Cynthia Calhoun (author) from Western NC on November 28, 2019:
David - that sounds amazing! I would so love to return to the Medicine Wheel again and ride that road on a horse. Whew! It's up near 10,000 ft elevation, though, so going in the middle of the summer is probably the best time to go because yeah, it also gets really windy. Haha.
Thanks for taking the time to comment. ;)
David Rowe on November 27, 2019:
I took my wife there on our 30th wedding anniversary.
She is part Cherokee.
We rented some horse's and rode to the wheel. We live in Wyoming and been here many years on the prairie. It's tough and so are the people. How bout that wind LOL
Cynthia Calhoun (author) from Western NC on September 12, 2016:
Thank you, Larry!
Larry Rankin from Oklahoma on September 12, 2016:
Sha - thank you so much for coming by! Yes, I loved visiting all these places and...must visit some more! :D
Sending hugs!
Shauna L Bowling from Central Florida on September 05, 2016:
You visited some very interesting places in your recent travels, Cyndi. Thank you for sharing your experiences with us!
Glenn - hey, thanks! I appreciate your feedback. And yes, reading that book definitely inspired me to want to go see this. In fact, that same book makes me want to go see many more sacred places. :) Hope you're well on this fine Sunday!
Glenn Stok from Long Island, NY on September 04, 2016:
This was an extremely interesting review Cynthia. It's amazing that the Medicine Wheel is still a common thing among many tribes today. It's always so much more exciting to know about the history when visiting various places. It helps appreciate one's experience when traveling.
Rebecca - hey, hey! Thanks so much! Yes, it was pretty epic - and there is still so MANY places we haven't seen. Have to do more road trips. :D
Hope you're well. Happy Saturday!
Rebecca Mealey from Northeastern Georgia, USA on September 03, 2016:
Beautiful hub, Cyndi. You saw so many interesting places on your trip. And I'll bet it made the trip 100 percent more special to read and study about them beforehand!
Philadelphia's Magic Gardens: The Mosaic Art of Isaiah Zagar
Oceanic Magic at Stellwagen Bank
By Ted Zinzer
Holiday Magic at Disneyland
By Lyndsay Gamber
Top 10 Things to Do at Disney's Magic Kingdom
By Eric Cramer
The Top 10 Things to Do in Colorado Springs
Magical Paris in Winter
By Lorna Lamon
8 Free Services at Magic Kingdom That Make Life Easier for Parents
By David Tubbs
The 10 Best Places to Visit in Dominica
Hidden Hawaii: The Haunted MacKenzie State Park
Top Ten Things to Do at Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom
The 10 Most Obscure Places in West Virginia
By Ashley Louk
Experience Walt Disney World as a "Kid at Heart" at Magic Kingdom
By Traci Wilson
Garden of the Gods Park in Colorado Springs, Colorado
The 21 Best Spots in Central Park for Kids
By Rosheda Stephenson
The Nitobe Memorial Garden in Vancouver: Beauty and Symbolism


my new grub display comes up with the menu and penguins moving intact.
offer any help on this topic ?
Managed,all to work,don`t know,what I did before!
Don't know how I missed your previous post, sorry. Glad you got it to work. I had planned to make a script that would do it on the fly with ability to switch between a series of backgrounds (maybe one for each month) but never got to it.


You can help Habitat ReStore in a variety of ways: accept community donations, fix and test lights and other electronics, greet customers and more. If you have a few hours a week or month, we would greatly appreciate having you share your time and efforts with Habitat ReStore. We have a variety of one-time volunteer opportunities as well as recurring volunteer needs and offer flexible scheduling!
Please click on each title below to expand information regarding positions.
Everyone can help brighten a home! Every hour a volunteer invests into this aisle is directly reflected by the homes that Habitat for Humanity is able to build. This position offers FLEXIBLE scheduling and on-the-job training.
If interested in this position, please email Zoe Bachman at zoe.bachman@cvhabitat.org or call 319-294-1500 for more details.
Everyone can help to eliminate waste! Scrapping volunteers break down nonsalable products into their basic metal components. These metals are then separated and taken to the recycling center. This volunteer greatly impacts ReStore's ability to divert waste from the landfill – contributing to the 545 tons diverted in 2017, and offers additional funding to build affordable housing. This position offers FLEXIBLE scheduling.
Every donation makes a difference! Volunteers in the warehouse assist ReStore staff with incoming donations. These volunteers help staff to make sure the warehouse runs smoothly and efficiently by ensuring that donations reach the sales floor. This position offers FLEXIBLE scheduling.
Volunteer receives on-the-job training, no experience required. Background in housekeeping or janitorial appreciated.
Volunteering helps you stay physically healthy. Volunteering is good for your health at any age, but it's especially beneficial in older adults. Studies have found that those who volunteer have a lower mortality rate than those who do not, even when considering factors like the health of the participants. Volunteering has also been shown to lessen symptoms of chronic pain and heart disease.


Don't have any experience with the Valkyrie, but have a bunch with the Grendel. The Valkyrie should be good for shots under 200 on medium size game, but the Grendel can do it to 500, depending on bullet choice and type of game.. Why limit yourself? Grendel hands down.
PIGS- not pugs. Can you imagine what a 90 gr spirepoint would do to a pug!
Last edited by Playa; 05-22-2018 at 09:30 PM.
Its certainly got the speed, I'm sure it will be fine for mid to varmit size game. With the right hunting specific bullets, it will be good!
Not with the Valkyrie but I'm running 80 grain ELD-M's in my 22-250AI. I'm getting 3100 from a stiff but not max load in a 22 inch barrel. It's a .5 MOA to 600 yard rig.
Brutal on deer, hogs and vermin. Not kind to the hides if you're trying to save one.
What's the twist on your barrel?
I've been hearing the other way around. That people are having a hard time stabilizing the 60 grain bullets. But..that's not what people are going to be shooting most out of a valkryie.
a 90 gr 223 bullet is under powered for such a ferocious beast. You need at least a 375 H&H to ensure that pug is DRT.
This is what I was thinking! Had a chuckle... I was trying to figure out what you had against PUGS.
Yah, I caught that type-o too. Made me LOL!
Haven't hunted with one but shot one a couple of weeks ago at a touch over 400 yards and it was a blast and I will be watching for the right deal on one! Great caliber!
I snagged a PSA upper, 20" and it is a hammer. So far, the 60 VM and the fusions are 1/2 MOA or less. I've only shot one pig and it was with the 60 VM, DRT right there from 200 yards. I put the bullet where it needed to be, considering the projectile limitations.
6.5 is the way to go!


Mr. Morales and four pro-autonomy regional governors met in the central province of Cochabamba Sunday, nearly two weeks after they postponed the talks.
The conflict between Mr. Morales and governors demanding more autonomy erupted into street violence last month, in which at least 15 government supporters were killed. President Morales has struggled to reassert his authority over the northern province of Pando and several regions in the country's east.
Mr. Morales's plans to rewrite the constitution, redistribute land to the poor and give them more political power has sparked several anti-government demonstrations.
Last month, President Morales criticized the United States for backing opponents he charges are trying to organize a coup against his leftist government.
President Morales issued the criticism in an address before the United Nations General Assembly.
The comments followed Mr. Morales's decision to expel U.S. Ambassador Philip Goldberg, after accusing him of siding with opposition leaders in Bolivia. The U.S. denied the accusation and responded by expelling Bolivia's envoy, Gustavo Guzman.


text:
Marcinko is a surname. It is most common in the US where approximately 1 in 270,000 people have the surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Nadia Marcinko (born 1986), U.S. Gulfstream commercial pilot
 Richard Marcinko (born 1940), United States Navy officer
 Tomáš Marcinko (born 1988), Slovak ice hockey player

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This week, the Senate version —Senate Bill 236— of a bill that would impose significant new requirements for competitive bidding of public construction contracts by school districts surged through the legislative process.
Yesterday (Thursday, Oct 5), the Senate Committee on Economic Development, Commerce and Local Government voted along party lines to give a favorable recommendation to Senate Bill 236, which had received its only public hearing to date just two days earlier. The bill now moves to the full state Senate for a vote.
Currently, most local government units in Wisconsin other than schools are required to follow a state-mandated competitive bidding process for any public construction project that exceed $25,000 in anticipated costs. Senate Bill 236 would raise the state-imposed bidding threshold for those public projects from $25,000 to $50,000.
Separately, Senate Bill 236 would subject school districts to the statutory bidding requirements. Schools are currently one of the few government entities that are not required to advertise for sealed bids and award contracts for construction and renovation projects to the lowest responsible bidder. However, despite the fact that school districts are not statutorily required to use the competitive bidding process, many school boards have adopted board policies requiring their districts to follow a competitive bidding process for awarding construction project contracts.
Under Senate Bill 236, all public construction projects in excess of $50,000 would have to be awarded based upon the statutory competitive bidding requirements. This means school districts would be required to use a competitive bidding process for any construction projects that exceed $50,000 in estimated cost. This would be a mandatory requirement for school districts whereas school districts currently have the discretion to decide whether or not to use a competitive bidding process.
Competitive bidding statutes follow the "design-bid-build" project delivery method, so schools would lose the option to utilize "design-build" or other alternative project delivery methods when awarding contracts. As a result, districts that in the past have relied on long-standing relationships with local contractors would lose the option to negotiate directly with those contractors to ensure value and quality.
Proponents of requiring schools to use competitive sealed bids, such as state Sen. Duey Stroebel (R-Saukville, pictured at left), the lead author of Senate Bill 236, have told reporters one of the goals of the bill is to make school projects more transparent. According to Sen. Stroebel, requiring competitive bidding allows the public to know who is winning construction contracts and why.
At one time the WASB had hoped that separate proposed legislation (e.g., Senate Bill 374 or Assembly Bill 456) authorizing counties and municipalities to utilize a host of alternative project delivery methods would be amended to offer school districts similar options as a way to restore some of the flexibility schools will lose if Senate Bill 236 becomes law. It appears, however, that support for those two bills has fizzled and they are now stalled.
All signs point toward yet another state mandate on school boards. Stay tuned.


text:
Isabel Hochstein (* 20. April 1994 in Duisburg) ist eine deutsche Fußballspielerin.

Karriere
Hochstein spielte bis zum Jahr 2011 in der U-17-Mannschaft des FCR 2001 Duisburg und war ab Sommer 2010 bereits zugleich Teil der zweiten Mannschaft in der 2. Bundesliga. Für Duisburg II absolvierte sie bis 2012 25 Zweitligaspiele, ihr erstes Tor gelang ihr am 16. Oktober 2011 bei einem Auswärtssieg beim Mellendorfer TV. Zu ihrem ersten Einsatz für die Duisburger Erstligamannschaft kam Hochstein am 10. Oktober 2010, als sie im Auswärtsspiel beim VfL Wolfsburg für Femke Maes eingewechselt wurde. Drei Tage später kam sie zudem zu einem Einsatz in der ersten Runde der Champions League. Im Sommer 2012 wechselte sie zur zweiten Mannschaft des Bundesligisten SGS Essen, von wo sie nach zwei Saisons in die Bundesligamannschaft aufrückte. 2019 wechselte sie zum Bundesligakonkurrenten MSV Duisburg.

Erfolge
 2008/09: Deutscher Vizemeister der B-Juniorinnen

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Fußballspieler (FCR 2001 Duisburg)
Fußballspieler (SGS Essen)
Fußballspieler (MSV Duisburg)
Fußballspieler (Borussia Bocholt)
Deutscher
Geboren 1994
Frau


Note that if you win, you retain copyright of the photo but Quaker may use it in marketing for up to a year, crediting you.
The prizes 200 x 10,000 1,000 x 1,000 2,500 x 500 100,000 x 20 200,000 x 5 millions of free packs of Mars, M Ms, Minstrels, Maltesers, Revels, Twix, Ripple, Snickers, Starburst, Skittles or Wrigleys Extra (awarded as a printable coupon worth up to 1).You will receive a scenario on screen that might happen during England v Nigeria on 2 June (the Friendly Game) or during a World Cup match in Russia between 14 June and detroit lions com mustang giveaway youll also be shown the prize youll win if it happens (you will.Buy a promotional pack of chocolate, chewing gum or sweets and youll have the chance to win a cash prize of up to 10,000 or millions of vouchers for free chocolates and sweets.Your entry should: Be practical to make.The main promotion ends on 15th July, but late entries will go into a prize draw with a single prize of 500 which closes on 16th January 2019.
Mars have launched a fun on-pack promotion to celebrate the summer of football!
Again, look at what Instagram influencers do for inspiration.
Purchase a promotional Quaker product (and keep the packaging it may be required if you win!).
Would you like us to email you about our great shows and services from time to time?Tesco on the entry screen.Take a few different photos from different angles can you accessorise with a backdrop.How to enter, buy a promotional pack of Mars, Revels, M Ms, Minstrels, Maltesers, Twix, Ripple, Snickers, Starburst, Skittles or Wrigleys Extra.Display a balanced range of flavours.Example scenarios, as its early days in this promotion, weve not seen many of the 700 possible scenarios yet it will be interesting to see which scenarios accompany the cash prizes!At the top left of the forum, there's a search box.Don't worry too much.Good luck with this one we wont know for a while if weve won a prize, but if you want to maximise your entries its worth entering a code every day if you can!Even though this one doesnt start for a while, its worth getting organised and preparing a few photos for the first few weeks!Mars have said its because the website is too popular, so I suggest you try entering your codes at a quieter time try between 11pm and 6am.Late entries will go into a final prize draw to win 1000 cash, which closes on 12th June 2018.Go to m, enter your date of birth then enter the unique ten digit code from inside the pack and your email address.
You can use Instagram or Facebook standard filters but no further editing (eg.
If a comp has an end time, as well as date, post this in the title too.
Remember get your photos ready, but dont enter until 1st January!


Dr. Chia-Chuan Liu graduated from China Medical University in 1992, and completed his residency and fellowship training in the Veteran General Hospital-Taipei in 2000. He has a short-term visit to Duke University and Pittsburg Presbyterian hospital in 2007 for more advance minimally invasive surgery about lung and esophageal cancer. He now heads the thoracic surgery division in Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, the first cancer specific hospital in Taiwan, and has chaired the minimally invasive committee since 2008 till 2012.
His clinical interest is multimodality and minimally invasive surgery for lung and esophageal cancer. He initiated the VATS forum in Taiwan early in 2005, doing live demonstration surgery for VATS lobectomy and minimally invasive esophagectomy for both Taiwan and foreign chest surgeons, collaborated with other leaders to set up animal lab workshop in Taiwan, and been invited frequently as a foreign speaker in many conferences and training programs in Asia. He is also now further engaged in establishing the "Taiwan Esophageal Cancer Study Group" and published several articles based on a national-wide database – Taiwan Cancer Registry, and on single port VATS techniques for lung cancer.


text:
'Hoos Aiming for First Bowl Game Win in 13 Years
The 'Hoos still have a chance to accomplish one of their big goals this season. That's winning a bowl game, something the team hasn't done since winning the Music City Bowl in 2005.
Tuesday, December 11th 2018, 12:38 PM EST
UVa coach Bronco Mendenhall
The UVa football team is back on the practice field this week getting ready to play South Carolina in the Belk Bowl in Charlotte.
The 'Hoos took two weeks off after the regular season finale loss to Virginia Tech.
Cavs coach Bronco Mendenhall says it took the full two weeks for his team to get over the loss to Tech.
The 'Hoos still have a chance to accomplish one of their big goals this season. That's winning a bowl game, something the team hasn't done since winning the Music City Bowl in 2005.
"None of these seniors have won a bowl game since they've been here," says UVa junior quarterback Bryce Perkins. "For us and for me to do everything I can to help them go out strong, reach one of our goals, I'll do anything in my power. I'll lay it all on the line for these guys."
Last season, Virginia played in its first bowl game in six years, getting blown out by Navy in the Military Bowl 49-7.
"Essentially it humbled us, says UVa junior cornerback Bryce Hall. "It exposed us as to where we were weak at."
UVa senior linebacker Chris Peace says, "It's cool and everything, we can have fun but we actually have a game to go win now. Last year I think we were actually more excited to just get there. Now it's like we've been here before, what are we going to do differently this time."
"Now the expectation is to win," says senior running back Jordan Ellis. "It's just a change in mindset. We're not content with just being there. We want to win the game and ultimately end the year the right way."
Virginia and South Carolina both have records of 7-5 this season. The two teams haven't faced each other since the 2003 season. The Belk Bowl will be the first time UVA and USC have ever faced each other in the postseason.
Chris Peace says about the Gamecocks, "They're talented, real capable, physical up front. Everybody is going to have to bring their big boy pads."
"They have a few unique formations and they have some really innovative schemes, especially offensively," says UVa coach Bronco Mendenhall. "They go at NASCAR tempo, they go fast."
"They're a good, big physical team," says Perkins. "It's going to come down to who wants it more, our preparation and how well we work through four quarters."
Hall adds, "We look forward to the challenges. Like coach says the hungriest team is going to come out on top. We're just hungry and preparing ourselves for that matchup because its going to be a good one."
Virginia and South Carolina will kickoff in the Belk Bowl on Saturday, December 29th at noon in a game televised by ABC.


Welcome to Saints Mary and Joseph Parish Website.
All important information regarding our parish activities can be obtained on this site. We welcome all your observations and suggestions regarding the site so we can serve you better.
Enjoy the Ride of Faith!


The principal acts of the general assembly, convened at Edinburgh, May 21, 1778.
I. Sess. 1, May 21, 1778.—The King's Commission to George Earl of Dalhousie produced, and ordered to be recorded.
II. Sess. 1, May 21, 1778.—The King's most gracious Letter to the General Assembly, presented to them by his Majesty's Commissioner.
III. Sess. 3, May 23, 1778.—The General Assembly's Answer to the King's most gracious Letter.
IV. Sess. 3, May 23, 1778.—The General Assembly's Address to his Majesty, on the present situation of Affairs.
V. Sess. 9, May 31, 1778.—Commission to some Ministers and Ruling Elders for Reformation of the Highlands and Islands, and for Managing his Majesty's Royal Bounty for that end.
VI. Sess. 9, May 31, 1778.—Commission to some Ministers and Ruling Elders for discussing Affairs referred to them.
VII. Sess. 8, May 29, 1778.—Overture and Interim Act concerning Persons going to be Licensed or Ordained without the Bounds of this Church.
VIII. May 29, 1778.—Overture anent the Ordination of Elders.
IX. Sess. 8, May 29, 1778.—Overture anent Licensing Probationers.
X. Act appointing the Diet of the next General Assembly.
Right Reverend and well-beloved, we greet you well. The proofs which we have so constantly received of the duty, loyalty, and affection, of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, and of their invariable attention to the very important objects committed to their care, give us the greatest pleasure. We have the strongest reliance on your endeavours to promote, with a truly Christian zeal, the cause of religion and virtue, and to discountenance every practice which may have a tendency to impiety and immorality. You may rely upon our ready concurrence with you in every thing that may advance these laudable purposes, so essential to the welfare of our people, and in our resolution to support the Church of Scotland in all its rights, as by law established.
We need not recommend the avoiding of all contention and unedifying debates to those who have no other object in their view than that of suppressing licentiousness, immorality, and vice; and who are actuated purely by that zeal which tends to the advancement of true religion, and the general peace and happiness of society.
We have again appointed our right trusty and right well-beloved cousin, George Earl of Dalhousie, to represent our royal person in this Assembly, being well satisfied of his loyalty, integrity, and zeal for our service, and of his particular affection to the Church of Scotland; and we are persuaded that our choice of him will be agreeable to you.
We have the fullest reliance, from long experience, that charity, brotherly love, and unanimity, will prevail in all your proceedings in the business before you, and that you will bring this meeting to a happy conclusion. And so we bid you heartily farewell.
Given at our Court at St. James's, the 12th day of May, 1778, in the 18th year of our reign.
Your Majesty's most gracious letter was received and read with all the respect and gratitude due to so condescending a mark of royal favour.
Your Majesty's approbation of the duty, loyalty, and affection, of the General Assemblies of this Church, gives us the greatest satisfaction, and cannot but animate us with such zeal to give invariable attention to the important objects committed to our care, as may recommend us to the continuance of your Majesty's favourable regard.
The manner in which your Majesty is pleased to express your reliance on our endeavours to promote the cause of religion and virtue, and to discountenance every practice which may have a tendency to impiety and immorality, whilst it clearly points out to us the great objects of our attention, powerfully excites us to use our most vigorous efforts in advancing those valuable purposes; and the assurances your Majesty is pleased to give of your countenance to our endeavours, affords us the most agreeable prospect of success.
The gracious declaration of your Majesty's resolution to support the Church of Scotland in all her rights, as by law established, we receive with the greatest thankfulness, and rest in it with the most entire satisfaction and security.
It shall be our study to keep invariably in view the important ends of our meeting; and, agreeably to your Majesty's recommendation, to avoid contention and unedifying debates, fully sensible that they are inconsistent with the spirit of true religion, and destructive of the welfare of society.
Your Majesty's royal donation for propagating religion in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, we receive with all thankfulness, and we will be careful to apply it to the pious purpose for which it is bestowed.
The choice which your Majesty has been pleased to make of the Earl of Dalhousie to represent your royal person in this Assembly, we regard as an additional instance of your Majesty's favour. The approved fidelity and ability of that noble Lord, his affection to the Church of Scotland, and the happy experience of a former Assembly, render your Majesty's nomination of him most acceptable to us.
We, your Majesty's most faithful subjects, the ministers and elders of the Church of Scotland, met in National Assembly, consider it as our duty, at this season of public danger and alarm, to approach your throne, with the warmest declarations of our continued and inviolable attachment to your Majesty's person and government. While we view, with no less astonishment than concern, an unnatural and unprovoked rebellion, still subsisting in North America, we must, at the same time, applaud that lenity which hath prompted your Majesty, as the father of your people, to hold out terms of conciliation to those deluded men, who have withdrawn their allegiance from a government under which they had attained the highest prosperity. We behold with satisfaction the measures which are taken, both for internal security, and for the support of the national honour, against the insult of every hostile power; and have the pleasure to assure your Majesty, that in no part of your dominions have exertions been made for that purpose with greater unanimity and ardour, than among the people under our care. We entertain the firmest hopes, under the blessing of Almighty God, that by a proper mixture of vigour and courage, with wisdom and mercy in the public councils, your Majesty will continue to render the British name everywhere respectable and great. We can assure your Majesty, that to the ministers, the elders, and every member of this Church, nothing will give more joy that to behold all the subjects of your wide extended empire happy under subjection of that free and legal government to which we are indebted for the most valuable blessings.
The next General Assembly of this National Church is appointed to be held within the New Church Aisle of Edinburgh, on Thursday, the 20th day of May, in the year 1779.
George Wishart, John Drysdale, Cls. Eccl. Scot.
1. See 1784, when this overture appeared in an amended form. It was regularly transmitted till 1791, after which there is no further notice of it.—Ed. 1843.


text:
What's Coming Out of Washington: Cramer's 'Mad Money' Recap (Wednesday 1/17/18)
Cramer breaks down what's driving these market gains: taxes, trade, deregulation and a strengthening global economy.
No matter what you think of President Trump, at least part of his agenda is working, Jim Cramer told his Mad Money viewers Wednesday.
Investors shouldn't discount what's coming out of Washington, D.C.: The combination of lower tax rates, deregulation and a tougher stance on trade, combined with a booming global economy, means our already strong economy could get even stronger -- and that's a beautiful thing to behold.
The skeptics would have you believe that corporate tax cuts will only flow to the rich as dividends and buybacks are for shareholders. But that's only part of the story, Cramer said, as Apple (AAPL) - Get Report proved today when it announced it will directly invest $350 billion into the U.S. over the next five years. That amount is bigger than the Marshall Plan that rebuilt Europe after World War II, Cramer noted, and it shows what a company can do in a favorable economic environment.
Apple also said that it's increasing its previously announced advanced manufacturing fund to $5 billion and the company will give 98% of its employees $2,500 in additional stock options.
For much of the day, Apple stock traded lower, as Wall Street did its best to value the benefits of being a good corporate citizen. But Cramer said these investments in America will only have a multiplying effect, and he continues to stress that you should own, and not trade, Apple for the long term.
The financials are the most important leadership group in the stock market, Cramer told viewers, as he took a fresh look at the banks now that we've seen all of the earnings reports.
JPMorgan Chase (JPM) - Get Report , an Action Alerts PLUS holding, remained the best of the group, in Cramer's book, as the company saw strong earnings, rising net interest margins and the biggest windfall from tax relief. JPMorgan trades at just 2.1 times its tangible book value.
Cramer said Bank of America (BAC) - Get Report remained the most levered to rising interest rates and also saw strong growth this quarter in all of the key metrics. Shares of Bank of America trade for just 1.85 times book value.
The best value bank is Citigroup (C) - Get Report , which was not as strong as the others, but trades at just 1.28 times its book value.
Wells Fargo (WFC) - Get Report is still trying to get its house in order, Cramer said, and while he likes the prospects for the bank's recovery, it may still be too early for a stock that trades at twice its book value.
As for Goldman Sachs (GS) - Get Report , Cramer said while the investment banking side of their business continues to be on fire, the trading side saw steep declines. Goldman is also not a big beneficiary of tax cuts, which makes it not one of Cramer's favorites.
Cramer and the AAP team say Broadcom (AVGO) - Get Report needs to walk away from the Qualcomm (QCOM) - Get Report bid. Find out what they're telling their investment club members and get in on the conversation with a free trial subscription to Action Alerts PLUS.
Consumer Spend Is the Wild Card
The American consumer is alive and well, but she's still under-appreciated on Wall Street. That means there are values to be had, especially if you're patient.
Not that long ago, Tiffany (TIF) - Get Report was struggling, hurt by a strong dollar. But recently, same-store sales were up 3%, as the dollar is weakening and international shoppers are returning.
Home improvement remains strong, with Home Depot (HD) - Get Report at new all-time highs and Lowe's (LOW) - Get Report seeing a big move last week. Cramer was also bullish on video games, with Activision Blizzard (ATVI) - Get Report , an Action Alerts PLUS favorite.
Cramer said he's also be a buyer of Darden Restaurants (DRI) - Get Report , Advanced Auto Parts (AAP) - Get Report and retailers like Kohl's (KSS) - Get Report and Macy's (M) - Get Report .
And let's not forget bargains, which never go out of style. That means stocks like Walmart (WMT) - Get Report , Dollar Tree (DLTR) - Get Report and Dollar General (DG) - Get Report .
There's no need to rush into any of these names, Cramer stressed, so you can wait for the next market pullback to start a position.
Over on Real Money, get more of Cramer's insights about consumer spending with a free trial subscription and his column on what's next for this market.
Executive Decision: Tellurian
For his "Executive Decision" segment, Cramer checked back in with Charif Souki, co-founder and chairman of Tellurian Inc. (TELL) - Get Report , the company aiming to build a low-cost, global natural gas business.
Souki said his biggest problem right now is infrastructure. He said America is one of, if not the, lowest-cost producer of natural gas in the world and we have a never-ending supply of it. But we lack the infrastructure to get that gas to the water where it can be liquified and exported. There's clearly a disconnect between what it costs to produce and what the world is willing to pay for natural gas, he said, and that's the gap Tellurian aims to fill.
Souki added that the U.S. needs to invest $150 billion over the next five years to be able to meet the demand that Tellurian and others could fill.
When asked whether deregulation is having any effect on his industry, Souki said, in a word, "no." He said that the only difference thus far is that this administration brags about oil and gas while the previous one didn't.
Lightning Round
In the Lightning Round, Cramer was bullish on Intel (INTC) - Get Report , Dominion Energy (D) - Get Report , American Electric Power (AEP) - Get Report , Consolidated Edison (ED) - Get Report , 21st Century Fox (FOXA) - Get Report and Walt Disney (DIS) - Get Report .
Cramer was bearish on Chimera Investment (CIM) - Get Report and Exelon (EXC) - Get Report .
Executive Decision: Splunk
In his second "Executive Decision" segment, Cramer also sat down again with Doug Merritt, president and CEO of Splunk (SPLK) - Get Report , the data analytics provider with shares that rose 62% in 2017.
Merritt said that big data continues to grow and is what powers today's businesses. Machine data is one important segment of big data and it's where Splunk is a a leader in both security and analytics.
Only Splunk has the scale to handle petabytes of data every day, but also the ease of use to allow multiple departments to mine that data in different ways to get the information and insights they need. In the case of Carnival (CCL) - Get Report , the cruise line uses Slunk to monitor their ship systems data, looking for potential failures before they occur instead of as, or after, they occur.
Cramer reiterated his recommendation of Splunk.
Top 8 Internet Stocks to Own in 2018
Domino's Pizza CEO: Your Pizzas Will Probably Be Delivered by Autonomous Cars
Wendy's CEO: Here Is What Our Future Looks Like
3 of the Coolest Concept Vehicles at the Detroit Auto Show
At the time of publication, Cramer's Action Alerts PLUS had a position in AVGO, QCOM, AAPL, JPM, C, ATVI.
StocksJim CramerOpinionMad Money


Raffaele Sollecito called into Italian TV program, Porta a Porta, to complain and rehash his defense in the closed murder case, while his father appeared on the show.
Snatching the opportunity to be in the spotlight again, the former prisoner appeared on TV faster than one can say, "caso chiuso ." [case closed] Raffaele regurgitated trial tidbits as he ranted nonstop for over two minutes straight before the show's host had to cut off the knife collector.
Amanda and I went into town at around 6 pm, but I don't remember what we did. We stayed there until around 8.30 pm or 9 pm. At 9 pm I went home alone and Amanda said that she was going to Le Chic because she wanted to meet some friends. We said goodbye. I went home, I rolled myself a spliff and made some dinner, but I do not remember what I ate. At about 11 pm per his usual custom my father called the house and Amanda had not yet returned. I spent the next two hours on the computer until Amanda arrived at 1 am . . .In my previous statement I told a load of rubbish because Amanda had convinced me of her version of the facts and I didn't think about the inconsistencies.
Raffaele admitted to the police that he lied in previous statements. As a result he has no basis to complain about the Florence verdict. Furthermore, Raffaele and Amanda changed their alibis several times.
Perhaps Raffaele could try to get another handout from Donald Trump, who paid Amanda Knox's legal bills.
In 2013 Raffaele reached out to Donald Trump for support.
For years, up to a press conference he gave in July 2014, Raffaele claimed that he could not be sure if Amanda went out the night of the murder or not. Hair, footprint and DNA placed Raffaele at the crime scene.


Dawn Bignell Memorial University dbignell@mun.ca Page 2 of 34 Executive Summary Potato common scab is an important disease in Newfoundland and Labrador and is... SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS. Tuber symptoms of common scab vary in extent and appearance. Common scab lesions are usually circular and 0.25 to 0.33 inch (6 to 8 mm) in diameter, but they can be smaller in early stages of development and larger if they coalesce.
Common scab is worse on alkaline soil, so liming the soil to prevent club root of brassicas will predispose to common scab in potatoes. Apply lime after the potato course of the rotation Choose resistant cultivars.
or other scab-susceptible plants such as red beet, sugarbeet, radish, rutabaga, turnip, carrot, and parsnip (in these, the disease seldom has economic importance).
Common scab of potatoes is caused by Streptomyces scabies, a very prevalent, soil-inhabiting bacterium. This serious disease can be found in all potato-growing areas throughout the world.
Potato common scab is a widespread disease in which scab-like lesions develop on tubers. The disease is caused by pathogenic Streptomyces species, which synthesize the phytotoxin thaxtomin. The txtAB operon, responsible for thaxtomin production, can be used as a marker to identify pathogenic strains of the bacterium.


After decided the measurement of the tables, it is simpler to plan the layout. The major advantage of online purchasing is that it allows folks to flick through many items and categories without leaving their home, to match the prices of as many retailers as they want, and also to order as many gadgets as they can afford without having to worry about how they'll transport them, because the online purchasing websites also deliver the issues to the customer's house.
Shopping on the web and having items delivered to your door is usually a sensible solution for many individuals with sight issues. Scores for high quality, value, and worth did not at all times line up. For instance, readers said that while the product quality at one shopping website was excellent, that the worth and prices at that very same site were simply okay. Shipping time is normally inside one week for most products from a majority of merchants, however, if you wouldn't have greater than a few days, web procuring won't suffice.
So, as a substitute of forcing web shoppers to checkout as a member, I will suggest internet retailers improve sites and repair to drag" the goal customers fairly than push" them. If you are battling purchasing compulsion contact a support web site like Debtors Anonymous to get assist. Chalk out a funds and confirm a fixed quantity, which you'll spend in your private shopping.
How Has The Internet Changed The Retail Industry?
At least that is the indication from National Retail Federation estimates that discovered the variety of Americans shopping on-line creeped previous those who went out into the world over the lengthy Thanksgiving weekend. The very huge drawback an online website may have is the bank card security concern, even though how secure the website claims to be, you cannot all the time trust them. These shops seem as webpages within the Player, and offer a wide range of providers. Besides, you can be to entry shops and collections from not simply your metropolis, however from all around the world.
Consider websites that supply free delivery and this is definitely the best way to go. As the worth of gas is increasing, delivery and handling may be cheaper anyway. In addition to web checks there are another choices of accepting online funds like money orders and digital checks. Often instances, a source of revolving credit will fail to report your credit score restrict accurately to the three major reporting companies. Although there are a number of where your information might not be secure, you can take a peaceful breathe when coping with the overwhelming majority of on-line buying website.
Internet Shopping Or In Store Shopping?
Online shopping is a rising trend with Australians spending more than $11 billion every year on on-line retail. But now, with the development of web money and the acceptance of other technique of fee like checks, cash on delivery, wire transfer and debit playing cards, Internet shopping has turn out to be even more accessible. As know-how superior although, internet purchasing not solely became more handy however it became cheaper. However, with more and more gamers soar into the market and grabbing the shares, the habits of web shoppers is one thing each web retailer is trying to determine. Online shops are open for 24 hours, so shoppers can buy groceries every time they need. However, from web retailers' standpoint, guest checkout is again debatable.
Advertising: On the buying Web web site, advertisers have a much better capability to goal their messages at people they know are shopping for. Online buying is more accessible than it has ever been in the digital era with the introduction of tablets, smartphones, simple checkout systems and safer systems. The sale of clothes, sneakers and jewelery takes the massive half in online purchasing.
Digital digital: information measured at discrete intervals, eg a digital watch sometimes strikes from displaying one second to the subsequent without displaying the values in-between downloads download: the transfer of a file or recordsdata from one laptop connected to the Internet to a different at the moment are widespread too. Unsubscribe from each single promotional email you receive, especially coupon, flash sale and public sale sites, that are a few of the most addictive procuring experiences. One advantage of procuring on-line is having the ability to quickly search out offers for gadgets or services provided by many alternative vendors (although some native search engines like google and yahoo do exist to assist shoppers locate merchandise on the market in nearby shops). Clinton will conduct a long-time period discussion to develop a uniform approach to tax commerce on the global pc community ( ,4,19506,/ , 1998).
Find out about your rights when shopping, this consists of procuring on-line, paying by credit card, misleading prices, credit notes and present vouchers. Shopping within the cyber market allows you to have a look at all out there coloration and all out there sizes. Now more getting tensed in regards to the groceries shopping, you'll be able to just store all your groceries in your office computer or at the comfort of your home at anytime as a result of its 24×7. Most of us are generally concerned with non-public procuring; on-line purchasing presents you an ideal platform to take action with consolation.
A trusted intermediary equivalent to a financial institution provides credibility for both purchaser and vendor, manages Internet primarily based transaction accounts, and offers for the switch of funds between accounts. You could wish to take a look at the web shops and take into account getting your favourite dress delivered next time you concentrate on purchasing. Furthermore Shopmania takes a horizontal approach on the market, very like many different E-shopping malls do. Mashmart implements the shopping center as a service, however with the enterprise proprietor in full management over its E-enterprise.
Mobile development, cell users and different cell advertising techniques like geo-fencing and so on. Online shopping is a web based marketplace where numbers of shops of different brands provide their services below the same website for 247 that's made out there everyday and every time of the year. Online procuring enables you to apprehend evaluations on the goods from different customers who will give you a element report on the products which in turn will probably be helpful in taking a choice. The advantages of this purchasing are quite a few, as they bring about our favourite gadgets and designers right to our computer display. For a man who wants to re-do his picture, he can get useful tips and solutions to assist him pick his garments and accessories.
While more and more traditional shops and retailers are closing down, one development cannot be stopped: online buying. Is a market, which means it doesn't provide its own merchandise; fairly, it's a web-based platform the place businesses as well as people can grow to be sellers. Online prospects should have entry to the Internet and a sound technique of cost in an effort to full a transaction. With a large number of choices when it comes to category, brands and costs, prospects are attracted an increasing number of in the direction of online shops.
Aside from these, the principle thing that separates us from the rest is the most well liked deals and seasonal campaigns that accompany these totally different manufacturers and products. An elaborate catalogue of the trendiest vogue statements, standard tech devices, hottest accessories and rising merchandise out there, Rediff shopping online has a list of greater than 12 lac products catering to its customers with virtually the whole lot beneath the solar.
MUMBAI: While there's been loads of attention on online retail and customers shopping more and more through cellphones, the unassuming retailers of the other display screen—tv—have been performing strongly with a targeted strategy. Genius GmbH has obtained a 10-year licence to function nationwide home procuring providers GeniusPlus Germany TV and GeniusPlus Pro Germany TV. The focus might be on family merchandise. A quick glance by means of the channels will see that almost all are promoting the same outdated crud products that cannot have a huge turnover, most of which may be bought on the high avenue cheaper.
Curation know-how accumulated from 20 years of TV buying is utilized to mobile and web services for a new form of shopping surroundings. Following a sequence of pretty excessive-profile court docket cases, TV Shopping Channels seem to be presently going by a little bit of a clear-up" process. Asia channels tend to sell the same items at about the same value and sometimes on the same time and it is arduous to distinguish one mannequin from another because they clone or copy one another. The hand work on TV jewelry is usually the ultimate sprucing and sometimes setting of the stones.


– figured out that people like to wash their clothes on Sunday mornings – BUT STILL commandeered two washers for sheets and towels. Also, the washing machines are in German, so I think it's a victory just to pick a setting and get them going.
– successfully took out the trash. This is a bigger deal here because they separate everything (paper, biomass, plastic, bottles, metal) and have specific containers, labeled in that language they speak here that I don't yet so that I have a slightly more difficult time figuring it out.
I'll celebrate by eating something with carbohydrates later, when the sun comes out. I hope I do enough walking here that my bread-eating habits aren't too destructive.
Cheers to the start of a new week!
Update: 1 hour after I posted this, I finally asked Fabian to help me open my jar of applesauce. In possible completion of the metaphor, the tried something I hadn't (prying it open with a fork first) and succeeded.
← Joy does come in the morning.


text:
clean tech laws
cleantechlaws.com
Tough Times for International Law
October 21, 2019 admin 0 Comment
This informative article takes a snapshot in time with the relevance of international law. It can so by taking the traditional purposes of international law because the point of departure for floating the theory that international law must appeal to the reality of contemporary times being sufficient.
For long, international law or regulations of nations was understood because the panacea for resolving inter-state differences. Those who viewed international law from the lens of criticism could but quote a couple of instances of its absolute disappointment. However, even the biggest of its opponents cannot criticize international law endlessly because there was no Iraqs, Afghanistans, 9/11s or 7/7s for example.
The same is no more time true. A layman or legal counsel alike would rather paint any bleak picture of international law from the brush of the realities regarding ongoing armed conflicts to which international law has did not put an end. A essential question naturally comes to brain: is international law living by means of challenging times? It is without a doubt. Is it sufficient as that stands today? Yes and simply no.
Historically, international law has dished up two main purposes: it has provided a program for like-minded states (the original subjects of international law) to eliminate their disputes through mutual argument. Secondly, it has narrowed down exceptions to the usage of force. Unfortunately, these very purposes remain cast in serious doubt by recent developments on the international level.
"Like-mindedness" is a comforting causing factor for states to acknowledge a dispute resolution framework. Nonetheless, it is precisely just in which. States are increasingly refusing to access negotiations with emerging subjects regarding international law on the pretext they are opposed to civilization or that they cannot share their vision of "like-mindedness". For that reason, a disparity or grey location now exists between states and also emerging subjects which is increasing every day.
This disparity may partly be explained by sovereignty which can be the jealously guarded claim by way of a state over its territory and also existence. Sovereignty, in its dynamics, is opposed to claims simply by insurgents or terrorists. Historically, insurgencies, rebellions and terrorist acts are already dealt with with an straightener fist by states. The veil of sovereignty continues to be pierced by international law mostly inside the backdrop of the collective will with the international community. For instance the UNSC official collective action against Iraq in 1990 when the sovereignty of Iraq was negotiated for the collective will of the global community.
However, sovereignty does not and will never constitute the biggest danger to international law. In the opinion with the authors, the gravest threats to modern day international law lie in (i) the non-recognition the context of "like-mindedness" as originally envisaged is at a gradual state of move, (ii) that growing subjects of international law have become a reality of the times where we live and, (iii) the opinion of states and emerging subjects that power could be the sole constitution of international legislation.
"Like-mindedness" explains the most essential percept with the earliest foundations of international legislation. "Like-mindedness" is conceptually grounded in the fact "peace and mutual co-existence" could be the right of every state on earth. States elevated themselves to a horizontal amount of the status of "equals". In line with the understanding that "equals cannot become treated unequally", states identified themselves as equals with regards to their legal rights and obligations towards the other person even if the political and economic influence which they held individually would change.
A potent manifestation of "like-mindedness" built in in traditional international law could be the United Nations (UN) developed in 1945. Its purposes integrated reaffirming the international rule regarding law, developing friendly relations between states and achieving international assistance in solving disputes between declares.
But the five decades of UN life and consequently the success of international legislation is viewed differently. Those who start to see the glass as half empty quote instances of the failure of the UN in providing treatment for the Israel-Palestine dispute, putting a conclusion to the Cold War, or perhaps in stopping the invasion regarding Iraq. Those who see the goblet as half-full paint a picture where a world without UN is demonstrated hostage to chaos, with war because the rule and peace the different. Both these views are tenable but don't explain the reasons behind the particular inadequacy of international law in today's times.
The "like-mindedness" which was any founding feature of international law as well as the UN has inevitably failed to grasp the reality posed by the particular emerging subjects of international legislation. In the past few decades, notably after the tragic activities of September 11, international law continues to be put to trial. The established principles of international law are already cast into doubt. It is increasingly being argued that they cannot apply to emerging subjects.
This is a fallacy to assume so due to the fact when law and material fact collide, it is law that have to accommodate. Insurgencies and terrorism certainly are a reality. Concerted international efforts must be made to find solutions by means of dialogue and debate. Account needs to be taken of the political milieu passing whereby emerging actors of international law have matured on the international level. Disputes between states and growing subjects of international law has to be addressed through a bi-lateral framework where they are treated as the "new equals" in a evolved paradigm of "like-mindedness".
International law has to avoid the allegation that the constitution is grounded in strength. Sense of ownership over international law is essential to international dispute resolution. It really is one thing to despise terrorist works and quite another to exclude negotiations or dialogue with terrorists. The very first is a corollary of humanity. The next of common sense and intelligence. Allowing emerging subjects of international law to reap the benefits of international rights and guarantees would inculcate included a sense of responsibility toward international law.
Previous Previous post: A job In Law
Next Next post: General Law
Car Accident Lawyers
Financial Mediation
mployment Law
3 Reasons to Reconsider Representing Yourself in Court
The Car Hit Your Vehicle From Behind – Now What?
City Law Vs Common Law
Boost Your Law Career Through Field of expertise
Online Law Tuition – Increasingly popular Among Private Law Tutors
copyright 2018 By Lawyer Theme ThemeShopy


text:
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members, 1883 births, 1936 deaths
Lev Kamenev
Лев Каменев
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets of the Russian SFSR
9 November 1917 – 21 November 1917
Nikolai Chkheidze
Yakov Sverdlov
Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union
6 July 1923 – 16 January 1926
Alexey Rykov
Office established
18 July [O.S. 6 July] 1883Moscow, Russian Empire
25 August 1936(1936-08-25) (aged 53)Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
All-Union Communist Party (bolsheviks)
Olga Kameneva
None (atheist)
Lev Borisovich Kamenev (Russian: Лев Бори́сович Ка́менев, IPA: [ˈlʲef ˈkamʲɪnʲɪf] ([2] listen); 18 July [O.S. 6 July] 1883 – 25 August 1936), born Rozenfeld (Russian: Ро́зенфельд), was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a prominent Soviet politician. He served briefly as the first head of state of the new republic in 1917, and from 1923-24 the acting Premier in the last year of Vladimir Lenin's life.
[hide] *1 Early life and career
2 Opposition against Trotsky
3 Break with Stalin (1925)
4 Opposition against Stalin (1926–1927)
5 Submission to Stalin and death
6 Fate of the family
[edit] Early life and career Edit
Kamenev was born in Moscow, the son of a Jewish railway worker and a Russian Orthodox mother.[1] The wealth that his father had acquired in the building of the Baku-Batumi railway was used to fund a good education for Lev. He went to the boy's Gymnasium in Tiflis, Georgia (now Tbilisi) and attended Moscow University, but his education was interrupted by an arrest in 1902. From that point on, he was a professional revolutionary, working in St. Petersburg, Moscow and Tiflis. Kamenev married a fellow Marxist (and Leon Trotsky's sister), Olga Kameneva, in the early 1900s and the couple had two sons.
He joined the Communists in 1901 and supported Lenin.[2] A brief trip abroad in 1902 introduced Kamenev to Russian social democratic leaders living in exile, including Vladimir Lenin, whose adherent and close associate he became. He also visited Paris and met the Iskra group. After attending the 3rd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) in London in March 1905, Kamenev went back to Russia to participate in the Russian Revolution of 1905 in St. Petersburg in October–December. He went back to London to attend the 5th RSDLP Party Congress, where he was elected to the party's Central Committee and the Bolshevik Center, in May 1907, but was arrested upon his return to Russia. Kamenev was released from prison in 1908 and the Kamenevs went abroad later in the year to help Lenin edit Bolshevik magazine Proletariy. After Lenin's split with another senior Bolshevik leader, Alexander Bogdanov, in mid-1908, Kamenev and Grigory Zinoviev became Lenin's main assistants abroad. They helped him expel Bogdanov and his Otzovist (Recallist) followers from the Bolshevik faction of the RSDLP in mid-1909.
In January 1910 Leninists, followers of Bogdanov and various Menshevik factions held a meeting of the party's Central Committee in Paris and tried to re-unite the party. Kamenev and Zinoviev were dubious about the idea, but were willing to give it a try under pressure from "conciliator" Bolsheviks like Victor Nogin. Lenin was adamantly opposed to any re-unification, but was outvoted within the Bolshevik leadership. The meeting reached a tentative agreement and one of its provisions made Trotsky's Vienna-based Pravda a party-financed 'central organ'. Kamenev, Trotsky's brother-in-law, was added to the editorial board from the Bolsheviks, but the unification attempts failed in August 1910 when Kamenev resigned from the board amid mutual recriminations.
After the failure of the reunification attempt, Kamenev continued working in Proletariy and taught at the Bolshevik party school at Longjumeau near Paris [3] that was created as a Leninist alternative to Bogdanov's Capri-based party school. In January 1912, Kamenev helped Lenin and Zinoviev to convince the Prague Conference of Bolshevik delegates to split from the Mensheviks and Otzovists. In January 1914, he was sent to St. Petersburg to direct the work of the Bolshevik version of Pravda and the Bolshevik faction of the Duma. Kamenev was arrested after the outbreak of World War I and put on trial, where he distanced himself from Lenin's anti-war stance. Kamenev was exiled to Siberia in early 1915 and spent two years there until he was freed by the February Revolution of 1917.
Before leaving Siberia, Kamenev actually proposed sending a telegraph thanking the Tsar's brother Mikhail for refusing the throne. He was so embarrassed he denied ever sending it.[4] [3][4]KamenevOn March 25, 1917 Kamenev returned to St. Petersburg (renamed Petrograd in 1914) from Siberian exile. Kamenev and Central Committee members Joseph Stalin and Matvei Muranov took control of the revived Bolshevik Pravda and moved it to the Right, with Kamenev formulating a policy of conditional support of the newly formed Russian Provisional Government and a reconciliation with the Mensheviks. After Lenin's return to Russia on 3 April 1917, Kamenev briefly resisted Lenin's anti-government April Theses, but soon fell in line and supported Lenin until September.
Kamenev and Zinoviev had a falling out with Lenin over their opposition to Soviet seizure of power in October 1917 [5] On 10 October 1917 (Old Style), Kamenev and Zinoviev were the only two Central Committee members to vote against an armed revolt. Their publication of an open letter opposed to the use of force enraged Lenin, who demanded their expulsion from the party. However, when the Bolshevik-led Military Revolutionary Committee headed by Adolph Joffe and the Petrograd Soviet, led by Trotsky, staged an uprising, Kamenev and Zinoviev went along. At the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets Kamenev was elected Congress Chairman and Chairman of the permanent All-Russian Central Executive Committee. The latter position was equivalent to the head of state under the Soviet system. [5][6]Pallbearers Carrying Lenin's Coffin during his funeral, from Paveletsky Rail Terminal to the Labor Temple. Felix Dzerzhinsky at the front with Timofei Sapronov behind him and Lev Kamenev on the leftOn November 10, 1917, three days after the Soviet seizure of power during the October Revolution, the executive committee of the national railroad labor union, Vikzhel, threatened a national strike unless the Bolsheviks shared power with other socialist parties and dropped the uprising's leaders, Lenin and Trotsky, from the government. Zinoviev, Kamenev and their allies in the Bolshevik Central Committee argued that the Bolsheviks had no choice but to start negotiations since a railroad strike would cripple their government's ability to fight the forces that were still loyal to the overthrown Provisional Government.[6] Although Zinoviev and Kamenev briefly had the support of a Central Committee majority and negotiations were started, a quick collapse of the anti-Bolshevik forces outside Petrograd allowed Lenin and Trotsky to convince the Central Committee to abandon the negotiating process. In response, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Alexei Rykov, Vladimir Milyutin and Victor Nogin resigned from the Central Committee on 4 November 1917 (Old Style) and Kamenev resigned from his Central Executive Committee post. The following day Lenin wrote a proclamation calling Zinoviev and Kamenev "deserters" and never forgot their behavior, eventually making an ambiguous reference to their "October episode" in his Testament.
[edit] Opposition against Trotsky Edit
In 1918, Kamenev became chairman of the Moscow Soviet and soon thereafter Lenin's Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (government) and the Council of Labor and Defense. In March, 1919, Kamenev was elected a full member of the first Politburo. His personal relationship with his brother-in-law Trotsky, which was good in the aftermath of the 1917 revolution and during the Russian Civil War, soured after 1920 and for the next 15 years he was a friend and close ally of Grigory Zinoviev, a more ambitious man than Kamenev. [7][8]Kamenev and Lenin at Gorki, 1922During Lenin's illness, Kamenev was the acting Council of People's Commissars and Politburo chairman. Together with Zinoviev and Joseph Stalin, he formed a ruling 'triumvirate' (or 'troika') in the Communist Party, and played a key role in the marginalization of Trotsky. The triumvirate carefully managed the intra-party debate and delegate selection process in the fall of 1923 during the runup to the XIIIth Party Conference and secured a vast majority of the seats. The Conference, held in January 1924 immediately prior to Lenin's death, denounced Trotsky and "Trotskyism".
After Trotsky's defeat at the XIIIth Conference, tensions between Zinoviev and Kamenev on the one hand and Stalin on the other hand became more pronounced and threatened to end their fragile alliance. Nevertheless, Zinoviev and especially Kamenev helped Stalin retain his position as General Secretary of the Central Committee at the XIIIth Party Congress in May–June 1924 during the first Lenin's Testament controversy. After the Congress, Stalin began making veiled public remarks apparently aimed at Kamenev and Zinoviev, which all but destroyed the troika.
However, in October 1924, Trotsky published The Lessons of October, an extensive summary of the events of 1917. In the article, Trotsky described Zinoviev and Kamenev's opposition to the Bolshevik seizure of power in 1917, something that the two would have preferred left unmentioned. This started a new round of intra-party struggle with Zinoviev and Kamenev once again allied with Stalin against Trotsky. They and their supporters accused Trotsky of various mistakes and worse during the Russian Civil War and damaged his military reputation so much that he was forced to resign as People's Commissar of Army and Fleet Affairs and Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council in January 1925. Zinoviev demanded Trotsky's expulsion from the Communist Party, but Stalin refused to go along and skillfully played the role of a moderate.
[edit] Break with Stalin (1925) Edit
With Trotsky on the sidelines, the Zinoviev-Kamenev-Stalin triumvirate finally began to crumble in early 1925. The two sides spent most of the year lining up support behind the scenes. Stalin struck an alliance with the Communist Party theoretician and Pravda editor Nikolai Bukharin and the Soviet prime minister Alexei Rykov. Zinoviev and Kamenev allied with Lenin's widow, Nadezhda Krupskaya and Grigori Sokolnikov, the People's Commissar for Finance and a candidate Politburo member. Their alliance became known as the New Opposition.
The struggle became open at the September 1925 meeting of the Central Committee and came to a head at the XIVth Party Congress in December 1925, when Kamenev publicly demanded removal of Stalin from the position of the General Secretary. With only the Leningrad delegation (controlled by Zinoviev) behind them, Zinoviev and Kamenev found themselves in a tiny minority and were soundly defeated while Trotsky remained silent during the Congress. Zinoviev was re-elected to the Politburo, but Kamenev was demoted from a full member to a non-voting member and Sokolnikov was dropped altogether, while Stalin had more of his allies elected to the Politburo. [9][10]Bust of Kamenev by Clare Frewen SheridanKamenev's first marriage began to disintegrate starting with Kamenev's reputed affair with the British sculptress Clare Frewen Sheridan in 1920.[7] In the late 1920s he left Olga Kameneva for Tatiana Glebova,[8] with whom he had a son, Vladimir Glebov (1929–1994).[9]
[edit] Opposition against Stalin (1926–1927) Edit
During a lull in the intra-party fighting in the spring of 1926, Zinoviev, Kamenev and their supporters gravitated closer to Trotsky's supporters and the two groups soon formed an alliance, which also incorporated some smaller opposition groups within the Communist Party. The alliance became known as the United Opposition. During a new period of intra-Party fighting between the July 1926 meeting of the Central Committee and the XVth Party Conference in October 1926, the Opposition was defeated and Kamenev lost his Politburo seat at the Conference.
Kamenev remained in opposition to Stalin throughout 1926 and 1927, resulting in his expulsion from the Central Committee in October 1927. After the expulsion of Zinoviev and Trotsky from the Communist Party on 12 November 1927, Kamenev remained the Opposition's chief spokesman within the Party and represented its position at the XVth Party Congress in December 1927. The Congress declared Opposition views incompatible with membership in the Communist Party and expelled Kamenev and dozens of leading oppositionists from the Party, which paved the way for mass expulsions of rank and file oppositionists as well as internal exile of opposition leaders in early 1928.
[edit] Submission to Stalin and death Edit
While Trotsky remained firm in his opposition to Stalin after his expulsion from the Party and subsequent exile, Zinoviev and Kamenev capitulated almost immediately and called on their supporters to follow suit. They wrote open letters acknowledging their mistakes and were readmitted to the Communist Party after a six month cooling off period. They never regained their Central Committee seats, but they were given mid-level positions within the Soviet bureaucracy. Kamenev and, indirectly, Zinoviev, were courted by Bukharin, then at the beginning of his short and ill-fated struggle with Stalin, in the summer of 1928, something that was soon reported to Joseph Stalin and used against Bukharin as proof of his factionalism.
Zinoviev and Kamenev remained politically inactive until October 1932, when they were expelled from the Communist Party for failure to inform on oppositionist party members during the Ryutin Affair. After once again admitting their supposed mistakes, they were readmitted in December 1933. They were forced to make self-flagellating speeches at the XVIIth Party Congress in January 1934 when Stalin was parading his erstwhile political opponents, now defeated and outwardly contrite.
After the murder of Sergei Kirov on 1 December 1934 led to Stalin's Great Purges, Grigory Zinoviev, Kamenev and their closest associates were once again expelled from the Communist Party and arrested in December 1934. In this time he wrote a letter to Stalin. "At a time when my soul is filled with nothing but love for the party and its leadership, when, having lived through hesitations and doubts, I can boldly say that I learned to highly trust the Central Committee's every step and every decision you, Comrade Stalin, make," Kamenev wrote. "I have been arrested for my ties to people that are strange and disgusting to me.". They were tried in January 1935 and were forced to admit "moral complicity" in Kirov's assassination. Zinoviev was sentenced to ten years in prison and Kamenev to five. Kamenev was charged separately in early 1935 in connection with the Kremlin Case and, although he refused to confess, was sentenced to ten years in prison.
In August 1936, after months of careful preparations and rehearsals in Soviet secret police prisons, Zinoviev, Kamenev and 14 others, mostly Old Bolsheviks, were put on trial again. This time the charges including forming a terrorist organization that supposedly killed Kirov and tried to kill Joseph Stalin and other leaders of the Soviet government. This Trial of the Sixteen (or the trial of the "Trotskyite-Zinovievite Terrorist Center") was the first Moscow Show Trial and set the stage for subsequent show trials where Old Bolsheviks confessed to increasingly elaborate and monstrous crimes, including espionage, poisoning, sabotage, and so on. Like other defendants, Kamenev was found guilty and shot on 25 August 1936.
The execution of Zinoviev, Kamenev and their associates was notable because no Old Bolsheviks, much less prominent ones, had been put to death by Stalin's government until then.[citation needed]
Kamenev, Zinoviev and his co-defendants were formally cleared of all charges by the Soviet government in 1988 during perestroika.
[edit] Fate of the family Edit
After Kamenev's execution, his relatives suffered a similar fate. Kamenev's second son, Yu. L. Kamenev, was executed on 30 January 1938, at the age of 17. His eldest son, air force officer A.L. Kamenev, was executed on 15 July 1939, at the age of 33. His first wife, Olga, was shot on 11 September 1941 on Stalin's orders, in the Medvedev forest outside Oryol, together with Christian Rakovsky, Maria Spiridonova and 160 other prominent political prisoners.[9] Only his youngest son, Vladimir Glebov, survived Stalin's prisons and labor camps.
[edit] Notes Edit
^ Lindemann, Albert S.. Esau's Tears: Modern Anti-Semitism and the Rise of the Jews. Cambridge University Press. p. 430. ISBN 0-521-79538-9.
^ For a summary of Kamenev's revolutionary activities between 1901 and 1917, see Vladimir Lenin's Collected Wêorks, Volume XX, International Publishers, 1929, ISBN 1-4179-1577-3 p.353
^ See Adam Bruno Ulam. Stalin: The Man and His Era, Boston, Beacon Press, 1973, ISBN 0-8070-7005-X p.112
^ Simon Sebag Montefiore, Young Stalin, page 262
^ p.221, David Evans and Jane Jenkins, Years of Russia and the USSR 1851-1991, Hodder Murray, 2001
^ For an account of the discussions within the Bolshevik leadership in November 1917, see Elizabeth A. Wood. The Baba and the Comrade: Gender and Politics in Revolutionary Russia, Indiana University Press, 1997, ISBN 0-253-21430-0 p. 70
^ See Elisabeth Kehoe. The Titled Americans: Three American Sisters and the English Aristocratic World Into Which They Married, Atlantic Monthly Press, 2004, ISBN 0-87113-924-3, p.325.
^ See Robert Conquest. The Great Terror: A Reassessment, New York, Oxford University Press, 1990, ISBN 0-19-505580-2 and ISBN 0-19-507132-8 (pbk), p. 76.
^ a b See Michael Parrish. The Lesser Terror: Soviet State Security, 1939-1953, Westport, CT, Praeger Publishers, 1996, ISBN 0-275-95113-8 p. 69.
Examination of Kamenev during his trial, 20 August 1936.
Leon Trotsky on Kamenev and Grigory Zinoviev
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets
Retrieved from "https://worldwartwo.wikia.org/wiki/Lev_Kamenev?oldid=13208"
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members