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Vöröskő vára () a Pozsonyból Morvaországba vezető utat védte Cseszte település felett. A vár egy olyan hatalmas kvarckősziklán épült, ami a várpince padlójaként ma is jól látható. A vár Pozsonytól harminc kilométerre található, Bazin irányában. A 13. században a végvárlánc és Magyarország nyugati védvonalának volt a része. A várkastély a Kis-Kárpátok 340 méteres tengerszint feletti magaslatán áll.

Történelme
A vöröskői vár területét III. Béla magyar király hozományként adta leánya, Konstancia királynénak és férjének, I. Ottokár cseh királynak. Amikor Ottokár meghalt, és Konstancia özvegységre jutott, 1240-ben emelte ide azt a várat, amiben élete hátralevő részét töltötte.

Halála után a királyi birtokos Tibor (Tiburc) gróf Tamás nevű fiához kerül, aki nem sokáig élvezhette, miután az általa hamisan megvádolt Turnyi Domonkos gróf Marton nevű fiának a vár felét kárpótlásul kellett adnia, az ország akkori albírája Devecheri Eimech Márton ítéletének megfelelően.

1269-ben Marton kétszáz nehéz márkáért és egy díszes ezüst páncélért engedte át Csáky Péter fiának, Mátyás mesternek, trencséni grófnak, nádorispánnak, Vág melléke urának, aki később Vencel, Ottó és I. Károly uralkodása alatt szerzett magának Csák Mátéként hírnevet. Mátyás mester halála után ismét a királyra szállt vissza a vár birtoka.

1350-ben Wolfart Ulriché, 1441-ben Wolfart Judith hozományaként férjét – Szentgyörgyi György (Bazini) grófot – a magyar óvári, és felvidéki vöröskői várral gazdagította.

1390-ben Zsigmond foglalta vissza Prokop morva őrgróftól. Majd 1511-ben Szentgyörgyi gróf Péter fia, Szapolyai Györgyre és Jánosra testálta. 1516-ban örökösök hiányában minden II. Lajos királyra száll vissza, aki hitvesének Mária királynénak adományozza.

1526. Miután Szapolyai György és II. Jagelló király is elesett a mohácsi csatában, így mindkét család a magyar trón várományosa lett. I. Habsburg Ferdinánd és Szapolyai János rivális magyar király ebben az időben. Utóbbi hadereje már nem segíti meg Ferdinándot Szulejmán (Szoliman) pasa törökjeivel szemben. Inkább veszni hagyja a Ferdinánddal együtt küzdő magyarokat. A Pálffyak ekkor állnak Habsburg Ferdinánd oldalára és végig a (több mint 400 évig) a Habsburgokhoz rendületlenül hűek is maradnak.

1526-ban Vöröskő azoké a Thurzóké, (Eleké (Alaxius) (1490–1543) és Jánosé) akik a Fuggerek után a világon második leggazdagabbak. A Fuggerekkel együtt rézbányákat üzemeltettek a felvidéken. Szerencséjükre az 1494–1526 közötti időkben európai versenytársak nélkül forgalmazhatták az ércet. A Besztercebánya rezét ők adták el a világ minden tájára. Termelésük az időben Európa rézigényének a 40%-át adta.

Thurzó–Fugger rokoni szálat a Thurzók féltestvére Thurzó III. György és Fugger Anna házassága jelentette. Apja az igazgatója a Thurzó–Fugger vállalkozásnak. krakkói, nürnbergi és lőcsei kizárólagos kereskedelmi joggal.

1528-ban már jelentős anyagi terhet jelentett a rézraktárak bérlete, ezért Anton Fugger inkább megvette Thurzó Elektől a vöröskői uradalmat  magyar aranyért. A réz és belőle készített lőfegyver a korabeli technika csúcsát jelentette. Alkalmas hely kellett a kibányászott nyersanyag biztonságos elhelyezésére. Anton Fugger bevált olasz mintára négyszög alapú, körbástyás erősséget terveztetett Közép Európa legnagyobb 72 m hosszú és 9 m magas kétszintes raktárát megépítve a vára alá.

1535-ben Fugger Antal (1493–1560) a régi vár helyére egy újat építtetett. Mint a legtöbb modern reneszánsz erőd ez a vár is kincstár, vagyontár, termények, bányászati termékek raktárhelye is volt egyben. A közép-felvidéki bányarezet, szőlőt és bort tárolt benne. Az építési tervek előkészületében részt vett a híres nürnbergi festő, Albrecht Dürer is. A legjobb olasz várépítőmesterek dolgoztak a helyszínen, a Pozsonyban működött Mester Jánossal (Giovannival) együtt. Az építkezés még ennek ellenére eltartott húsz évig. Vöröskőnek egy párja akadt csak Európában, a Schaffhausen ormán, Svájcban, ami 1564–1582 között épült annak érdekében, hogy befogadja mindazt, amit a vöröskői már nem tudott betárolni.

1560-ban Anton Fugger meghalt. Örökösödési vita és az országot kifosztó Szolimán pasa törökjei veszélybe sodorták a nagy-magyarországi Fugger befektetéseket.

1581-ben a legsikeresebb törökverő Pálffy II. Miklós – később Pozsony várának örökös kapitánya és ispánja – hozományként kapja a várat. A hozomány feletti uradalmi részt 1588-ban  rajnai forinttal megváltja a Fugger családtól, Így feleségével Fugger Máriával együtt, a Thurzóknak fizetett árnál sokkal kevesebbért jutnak az egész uradalomhoz.

A rideg – minden luxust nélkülöző, de – praktikus építményt már közösen teszik egy csodálatos és fényűzően míves, kőszobrokkal, faragásokkal, festett-aranyozott képekkel és stukkókkal díszített barokk stílusú családi palotává a 17–18. század alatt.

Az átépítés sokkal többe került annál mint, ahogy eltervezték. Az uradalom sem bírta kitermelni a hiányzó különbözetet, így az augsburgi Fuggerek továbbra is támogatták költségeiben Pálffy Miklóst, aki Győr visszavételéért örökös Pozsonyi címeket és grófi rangot nyert II. Rudolftól 1599-ben.

Csak ehhez az egy uradalomhoz 18 helység tartozott, úgy mint Cseszte, Alsódiós, Ompital, Szuha, Bogdanócz, Borova, Dubova, Helmes, Hosszúfalu, Istvánfalva, Kápolna, Kosolna, Klucsován, Pila, Gidrafa (Pudmeric), Selpicz, Kárpáthalas és Harangfalva.

1683 júliusában a hatalmas török seregek szövetségeseként előrenyomuló Thököly Imre felső-magyarországi kuruc fejedelem lovas csapatai Pozsony várának és városának elfoglalása után megszállták – az önként kaput nyitó – Vöröskő várát is. Tőlük Kollonich Zsigmond csellel foglalta vissza.

1701-ben a Pálffy grófok rendíthetetlen Habsburg-hűsége miatt Vöröskőt nem érintette a Lipót császár várrombolási rendelete.

Miklóst követően I. Rudolf utódaié 5/8 rész, id. Ferencz vonalán levő Pálffyak pedig az elvi 3/8-át örökítik.

A Pálffyaké a birtok az 1945-ös államosításig. Az elkobzás alá jutott uradalmak, kastélyok összértékéről könnyebb képet alkotni, ha felsoroljuk Pálffyaktól elvett jelentősebbeket. Ezek várat és körülötte fekvő uradalmi területet, falvakat, vagy palotákat jelentenek.

Árva, Bajmóc, Bazin, Bény, Borostyánkő, Dettrekő, Dévény, Fehérkő, Feketenyék, Gidrafa (Pudmeric), Jókő, Királyfa, Nyitra, Malacka, Pozsony örökös tisztségjogok és négy városi kastély, Szentgyörgy, Szomolány, Trencsén, Vöröskő,

Budapesten három kastély, Lovasberény, Gönc, Vác, Visegrád.

A Pálffyak a Habsburg-pajzs oldalán a magyar nemzetet a 20. századig kísérik. Kivették a részüket a magyarok túlélését fenyegetők leveréséből, így a törökök elleni harcokból is. (Győr, Tata, Fehérvár, Komárom, Esztergom, Visegrád, Buda, Vác és Nándorfehérvár)

1949-ben Szlovákiában a vöröskői várat nemzeti kulturális vagyon részévé, 1970-ben pedig nemzeti kulturális műemlékké nyilvánították. Vármúzeumként mutatja be a Pálffy család nemeseit ("Pálfi" név alatt). A 16. századtól kezdve a 20. század elejéig tartó útjukat, lakáskultúrájukat, haditechnikájukat, életmódjukat. (patika.)

A vármúzeum honlapjának jellemző módon nincs magyar nyelvű változata.

Legendája
Vöröskő várának legendája azt meséli el, miként döntötte el 12 bölcs ember, hová épüljön a vár. Tizenegy a Kukla hegycsúcsot ajánlotta, amely épp szemben állt azzal, ahol a Vöröskő vára megépült. A tizenkettedik, a legifjabb ajánlotta csak azt a helyet, amelyre került. A többit azzal győzködte, hogy a Kukla csúcsán szellemek tanyáznak és kísértetek járnak. Az építkezés zaja felingerelné őket. A többség mégis a Kuklát választotta, majd elkezdődött a munka. Az építők aznap lerakták az alapokat. Éjjel viszont különös dolgok történt - a megépített alapot a tündérek felemelték és átvitték a szomszédos pontra. A munkások másnap reggel a Kukla csúcson hiába keresték, nem találták azt. A bölcsek újra összeülvén igazat adtak a legfiatalabbnak és abban maradtak, hogy a vár inkább a mostani helyére kerüljön.

Másik változat szerint a tündérek választották ki a helyet a vár számára, mert III. Béla magyar király leánya, eredetileg a falu keleti felére gondolta, de a falubeliek tanácsára inkább figyelembe vette a tündérek akaratát. Az ártó szellemek a várat többé már nem bántják. A vár hálából a Felvidék egyik legépebb erődítménye maradt a mai napig a Kis-Kárpátokban.

Jegyzetek

Források
 Magyarország vármegyéi és városai: Magyarország monografiája. A magyar korona országa történetének, földrajzi, képzőművészeti, néprajzi, hadügyi és természeti viszonyainak, közművelődési és közgazdasági állapotának encziklopédiája. Szerk. Borovszky Samu – Sziklay János. Budapest: Országos Monografia Társaság. 18961914. Pozsony vármegye, 701.
 Jedlicska Pál.: Eredeti részletek gróf Pálffy-család okmánytárához 1401-1653 - s gróf Pálffyak életrajzi vázlatai Históriaantik Könyvesház Kiadó, 2011  760 oldal Kötés: kemény kötés
 Jedlicska Pál 1897: Adatok erdődi báró Pálffy Miklós a győri hősnek életrajza és korához 1552-1600. Eger.
 KALUS, P. 2000: Die Fugger als Grundherren der Herrschaft Bibersburg, in: Karpatan-Jahrbuch, pp. 65-74.
 Vöröskői Zsófia PhD hallgató Vöröskő vára  A sorozat, Bányászat, 82. kötet (2011) 103
 MENCLOVÁ, D. – ŠTECH, V. 1967: Červeny Kameň, Supis pamiatok na Slovensku I., Pozsony, pp. 262-263.
 TARBAY G. 2007: Főúri életforma: Négy évszázad Vöröskő várában, Szalon, Budapest, 2. sz.,pp.18-28.
 CSORBA Cs. 2007: Vöröskő vára, Várak, kastélyok, templomok: történelmi és örökségturisztikai folyóirat, Budapest, 1. sz., pp. 25.
 Martin Tibenský 2011: Červenokamenské panstvo v stredoveku.
 2018 Res Pálffyana - Príspevky k dejinám rodu Pálffyovcov.
 Jozef Tihányi 2022: Nové poznatky o komore starožitností Rudolfa Pálffyho. Múzeum 3/2022
 Eva Benková: Vinohradníctvo na panstve Červený Kameň v ranom novoveku.

Szlovákia várai
Pálffy család
Bazini járás


Here we will be writing about all the things that are happening around Anchorage Cottage and Loch Lomond. so if you're coming to walk the West Highland Way in 2014 we look forward to welcoming you to our home.
As we prepare for our new season, we noticed a unwelcome visitor to our bird feeder yesterday. observed feeding on its kill sitting on the grass at the back of the house.
We observed one about the same time last year, hunting birds from the bird feeders.
This sparrow Hawk is a beautiful bird, but we hope it hunts away from the house.


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Phil Collen Net Worth
Rock Stars
Phil Collen
December 8, 1957(65)
Phil Collen net worth: Phil Collen is an English musician and songwriter who has a net worth of $20 million dollars. Phil Collen was born in Hackney, London, England, and began playing guitar when he was in his early teens. He subsequently dropped out of school to focus on a career in music.
He played for a number of bands early in his career, and began to make a name for himself performing with the group, Girl. In the early 80s, he was invited to join Def Leppard, and his excellent working relationship with fellow Def Leppard guitarist, Steve Clark, gave Def Leppard its distinctive dual guitar sound. The pair became known as the "Terror Twins". He has released 10 albums with Def Leppard, as well as two albums with his side project, Man Raze. He has also guest-performed on a number of albums and produced albums for BB Steal and Sheer Greed.
Holliday Grainger Net Worth
Dustin Poirier Net Worth
Paul Haggis Net Worth
Jon Glaser Net Worth
Vic Flick Net Worth
Dave Murray Net Worth
Denny Laine Net Worth
Nuno Bettencourt Net Worth
Mick Taylor Net Worth

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A few years ago, when Percy Mistry's committee was working on the MIFC report, I used to joke that of the two great industries in Bombay, movies will make it first to international customers. A few days ago in the New York Times, Anupama Chopra has a story showing that some action on that front is now visible.
Winning on a global scale in finance and in movies has some common features : it involves raw materials like human capital, top end computer technology, freedom of speech, openness to other cultures, a large home market, the natural opportunities of connecting up with the disapora, and Schumpeterian creative destruction.
With all these in place, Bombay's movie industry is nicely globalising itself. Finance requires all these - and that bodes well for BIFC. But finance requires a few more things. It requires sophisticated financial regulation, and a sound macroeconomic policy framework. It requires that the government get out of producing financial services just as the government does not produce movies. India has a tonne of work to do on these.
I have read arguments like the below one. In fact you have also written time and again on these issue. But what is the alternative methods to go about?
" It requires that the government get out of producing financial services just as the government does not produce movies. India has a tonne of work to do on these."
I have also read works of Prof F A Hayek. There is no doubt there is clear cut difference between your way of putting argument and the Prof Hayek's on the role of government and the financial system.
How would you relate your works with that of Prof Hayek's on the above issue?
i really like that blog as that gives info about Bombay movies industry is going global attraction in terms financial investment.
i really appreciate that Indian movie industry getting global attention.


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OFFICIAL VIDEO FOR "I COULD'VE SWORN" FROM 'IT'S NOT A BURDEN'
New music video for 'I Could've Sworn' from the new EP It's Not a Burden (Original Songs from the Documentary Film), made by Barbara Green of Greenie Films. This amazing 'behind-the-scenes' video was filmed during the making of "I Could've Sworn" and features the producer of my new EP and composer of the film, Joanna Katcher/Nice Manners and musicians: Adam Chritsgau (drums), Liam McCormack (bass) and Peter Recine (guitar). The video also features footage from the documentary film! It's Not a Burden: The Humor and Heartache of Raising Elderly Parents has been chosen as Today with Hoda and Jenna's documentary of the month and is available to rent now: http://www.itsnotaburden.com/watchfilm
NEW SONG FOR FLINT MURAL PLAYS
Homemade Music with Ukulele Kids Club | July 10th at 1:30pm EST


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Frederick Douglass
February 1, 1818 - February 20, 1895
Most famous for his autobiography Douglass has given readers, students, and historians a look at what life as a slave was like during slavery's end in the United States. His story is one of endurance and to many is seen as an important part of American history with the determination of one man showing that freedom is worth fighting for no matter the opposition. Before gaining his freedom in 1830, Douglass learned how to read from a combination of determination and cunning. However, he did not hoard what he learned, but would often teach others exposing others to possibilities. After gaining his freedom Douglass would spend his life advocating the rights for Black Americans and for women as well.
February 9, 1944 - Present
The Pulitzer Prize winning author behind the world renown book The Color Purple (1982) told the story of an African American woman dealing with the issues of both racism and patriarchal culture within African American communities. She started her career as an activist at Spelman College where she met her mentor Howard Zinn who is best known for his activism during the Civil Rights movement. Through her capacity as an author, she became a leader in the Black Arts movement. Walker has dedicated her life to boast social justice and activism through both her writings and time.
Leymah Gbowee
February 1, 1972 to Present
A peace and women's rights activist Gbowee is best known for leading the Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace that is said to have brought an end to the Second Liberian Civil War in 2003. Gbowee's focus was to better her nation and for the betterment of women. She has worked alongside Ellen Johnson Sirleaf for this goal. During the First Liberian Civil War (1989-1996) she faced the ravages of war at a young age and from this experience she would join UNICEF to become a social worker to aid those with the trauma of war. For her work she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2011.


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Visiting the Lee G. Simmons Conservation Park and Wildlife Safari ParkVisiting near Siouxland, Ashland, NE
An elk at the Lee G. Simmons Conservation Park and Wildlife Safari Park Tuesday, Sept. 27, 2022 near Ashland, NE. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
In the coming new year, this year, I hope to get out to more parks and preserves and view some majestic animals, whether cared for in facilities or in nature itself. Sometimes plans don't always go as one might like, but it's a nice goal to have. Seeing these animals up close is special in a way as many can not make or afford the trip to the mountains or other locales for a 2-3 week hunt for such creatures, whether here in the U.S. or other international locales.
An older looking bald eagle at the Lee G. Simmons Conservation Park and Wildlife Safari Park Tuesday, Sept. 27, 2022 near Ashland, NE. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
An older bald eagle at the Lee G. Simmons Conservation Park and Wildlife Safari Park Tuesday, Sept. 27, 2022 near Ashland, NE. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Seeing animals up close sometimes hopefully gives one a better appreciation of how precious they are, better seen alive and in person than on some trophy wall adorning some narcissistic individual's need to gloat or feel superior in some superficial way. I sometimes wonder if fortunes were reversed and these individuals were put onto the same "playing fields" as the creatures with only their hands, arms and legs would they fare any better from the creatures around them. A terrible thought, but maybe a lesson.
A bald eagle at the Lee G. Simmons Conservation Park and Wildlife Safari Park Tuesday, Sept. 27, 2022 near Ashland, NE. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Tags: animals, baby elephant, exotic animals, Henry Doorly Zoo, jerry l mennenga photographer, Lost in Siouxland, omaha nebraska, photography
Categories animals, birds, Education, Life in Siouxland, Lost in Siouxland, Nature, nebraska, outdoors, Parks, Photography, Travel
"Seeing" History, kind of, near Siouxland, Durham Museum, Omaha, NE
Fans of the historical television drama Downton Abbey visit an exhibit of costumes at the Durham Museum Saturday, Nov. 26, 2022 in Omaha, NE. (Photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
I admit that I am a fan of history, visual and book, and recently the chance to see the costuming of the popular TV series Downton Abbey on PBS on display just south of Siouxland proper in Omaha, NE at the Durham Museum was a delightful trip. During those colder periods in the fall and winter it is nice to have some place to visit and check out if one is experiencing a bit of cabin fever.
Downton Abbey exhibit at the Durham Museum Saturday, Nov. 26, 2022 in Omaha, NE. (Photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
A number of fans of the television historical drama Downton Abbey visited the exhibit seeing various costumes worn by the show's characters at an exhibit at the Durham Museum Saturday, Nov. 26, 2022 in Omaha, NE. (Photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
I was pleasantly surprised and a bit amazed at the number of fans and interested museum visitors and through a bit of eavesdropping hearing the excitement of some fans opportunity to see the costuming used for the show up close and a chance to "relive" the small screen experience up close and personal as they watched these "historical" lives enter their homes and imbue a historical aspect of a century or two ago.
A study in fashion during a wispy of Downton Abbey costumes exhibit at the Durham Museum Saturday, Nov. 26, 2022 in Omaha, NE. (Photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Gowns worn by women actors of Downton Abbey on display at the Durham Museum Saturday, Nov. 26, 2022 in Omaha, NE. (Photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Downton Abbey costumes on display at an exhibit at the Durham Museum Saturday, Nov. 26, 2022 in Omaha, NE. (Photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Seemingly today's "elite" class, the rich or wanting to be rich, exude their authority through dress as well, whether they are moneyed people, celebrities, politicians, etc. Evidently some things do not change over time. And it's interesting to view history through iconic types of imagery, like fashion. Looking no further than instagram or twitter or whatever popular social media is available for people to share their "status". Wanting to be seen as special, rich or famous for whatever reasons is as old as mankind.
Close up look of the embroidery for a Downton Abbey period costume at the exhibit at the Durham Museum Saturday, Nov. 26, 2022 in Omaha, NE. (Photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Period set scene helps show off costumes used in the Downton Abbey television series at the Durham Museum Saturday, Nov. 26, 2022 in Omaha, NE. (Photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Supporters of the Durham Museum Saturday, Nov. 26, 2022 in Omaha, NE. (Photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
An exhibit of costumes worn by characters in the historical television drama Downton Abbey on display at the Durham Museum Saturday, Nov. 26, 2022 in Omaha, NE. (Photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Tags: christmas, christmas tree, downton Abbey, durham museum, history, holidays, jerry l mennenga photographer, Lost in Siouxland, omaha nebraska, photography, television
Categories B&W Photography, Education, History, Life in Siouxland, Lost in Siouxland, museum, nebraska, Photography, Travel
Thinking Warm Thoughts in Siouxland, Loess Hills Audubon Society, Adams Homestead and Nature Preserve, North Sioux City, SD
Loess Hills Audubon club members out birding prior to the start of the 25th anniversary of the Adams Homestead and Nature Preserve celebration in North Sioux City, South Dakota, Saturday, August 13, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
The Audubon Christmas Bird Count started recently here in Siouxland and elsewhere and runs from Dec. 14, 2022 through Jan. 5, 2023. People from throughout the U.S. will go out and record what species they find and share that for the organization's data base and ongoing tracking of bird movement. With colder temperatures descending into the Siouxland region expected soon it will be a far cry when members of the Loess Hills Audubon group took a bird walk about Adams Homestead and Nature Preserve in August of this year. Short sleeve shirts, shorts and some with sandals, that won't be the attire needed to walk about and look this winter.
A swallowtail butterfly seen while Loess Hills Audubon club members were out birding prior to the start of the 25th anniversary of the Adams Homestead and Nature Preserve celebration in North Sioux City, South Dakota, Saturday, August 13, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
A song bird seen while Loess Hills Audubon club members were out birding prior to the start of the 25th anniversary of the Adams Homestead and Nature Preserve celebration in North Sioux City, South Dakota, Saturday, August 13, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
A song bird nestled in a cedar tree spotted by members of the Loess Hills Audubon club out birding prior to the start of the 25th anniversary of the Adams Homestead and Nature Preserve celebration in North Sioux City, South Dakota, Saturday, August 13, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
According to a Connecticut chapter of the Audubon Society the Christmas bird count is one of the longest-running wildlife censuses in the world. And because of the time of year, different species will be found in different places. I have attended some winter bird counts in the past hosted by the local Loess Hills Audubon Society and the folk are very dedicated in looking and finding species that will help educate humans about this particular animal kingdom.
I have just not been keen on those very cold, cold mornings and rising before the sun to get out and look for the birds. For me it's always about photographing what is at hand, and shooting in the dark has its own challenges.
I haven't decided yet if I want to make another attempt this year or not in getting back out into the cold, all the while thinking about those spring, summer and early fall expeditions looking for birds and enjoying those warmer temperatures. Although I always dress appropriately and don't really feel the cold, getting over the inertia to get out of bed is it's own challenge. I just enjoy my coffee later in the morning all the more.
But looking for birds and trying to photograph them is always run, no matter the time of day or wind chill degree. It makes more a good story later on.
Residents of Adams Homestead and Nature Preserve make their way back to the barn in preparation for visitors during the 25th anniversary of the Adams Homestead and Nature Preserve celebration in North Sioux City, South Dakota, Saturday, August 13, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
A painted turtle enjoying a morning sun basking at the Adams Homestead and Nature Preserve celebration in North Sioux City, South Dakota, Saturday, August 13, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Tags: 25th anniversary, adams homestead nature preserve, animals, community park, jerry l mennenga photographer, Lost in Siouxland, nature, outdoors, photography
Categories animals, backyard birds, birds, Education, Iowa, Life in Siouxland, Lost in Siouxland, Nature, nebraska, outdoors, Photography, Seasons, south dakota
Hiking Spirit Mound in Siouxland, Vermillion, SD
Hikers seen at the top of Spirit Mound Saturday, July 23, 2022 near Vermillion, SD. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
A view of part of the countryside seen from the top of Spirit Mound Saturday, July 23, 2022 near Vermillion, SD. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Revisiting places in Siouxland is always fun for me. A little exercise at some destinations and the chance to reacquaint with a place that is as much educational as it is fun. Spirit Mound outside of Vermillion, SD is recognized as one of the stopovers for the Lewis and Clark Expedition that former President Thomas Jefferson commissioned for the expansion of territory during the 1800's.
Signage along a trail at Spirit Mound Saturday, July 23, 2022 near Vermillion, SD. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
The hike to the top of the mound is easy enough and gives a nice view or the surrounding area, which is mostly farmland. It was high ground for the Lewis and Clark expedition to scout the surrounding area. Sacred to local Native American tribes. As described on a national park website: "Spirit Mound was alternately described as a "mountain of evel spirits", a "hill of little people", and a "place of Deavels." The Sioux, Omaha, and Otoe tribes told of 18-inch tall humans with "remarkable large heads" who inhabited the site. Armed with arrows, these spirits attacked anyone who approached the hill. What did Lewis and Clark expect to find there?"
The park includes a variety of signage that includes information about the journey as well as natural history of the place that might interest to others. It's a pleasant way to spend part of a day exploring the area. Enough exercise to work up an appetite for lunch but not too much for the non outdoor adventurous type.
A holdover from a glacial period at Spirit Mound Saturday, July 23, 2022 near Vermillion, SD. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Signage about earlier geological aspects of the area seen at Spirit Mound Saturday, July 23, 2022 near Vermillion, SD. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Geologic information about Spirit Mound Saturday, July 23, 2022 near Vermillion, SD. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Information about restoration of prairie explained along a trail at Spirit Mound Saturday, July 23, 2022 near Vermillion, SD. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
A rest bench at Spirit Mound Saturday, July 23, 2022 near Vermillion, SD. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Wildflowers at Spirit Mound Saturday, July 23, 2022 near Vermillion, SD. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
A bunny greets a visitor before darting off into vegetation along a trail at Spirit Mound Saturday, July 23, 2022 near Vermillion, SD. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
A grasshopper nestled into vegetation at Spirit Mound Saturday, July 23, 2022 near Vermillion, SD. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Signage about snakes along a trail at Spirit Mound Saturday, July 23, 2022 near Vermillion, SD. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
An all-sided bench for folk who climb to the summit and can then enjoy a 360 view of the surrounding countryside at Spirit Mound Saturday, July 23, 2022 near Vermillion, SD. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Tags: indian spirits, jerry l mennenga photographer, lewis and clark trail, Lost in Siouxland, native american early history, photography, spirit mound, vermillion south dakota
Categories Education, History, Life in Siouxland, Lost in Siouxland, Nature, outdoors, Parks, Photography, plants, Rural America, Rural South Dakota, south dakota, Travel
Hobnobbing with Fellow Wizards (photographers) from around Siouxland, Gene Leahy Mall, Omaha, NE
A water pool and art installation seen during a Rockbrook Camera photo walk at the Gene Leahy Mall in Omaha, NE Friday, August 26, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Instructors and photo enthusiasts enjoy a night out photographing during a Rockbrook Camera photo walk at the Gene Leahy Mall in Omaha, NE Friday, August 26, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
As much as I like to get out and travel to various points in and around Siouxland, and points outside of the Siouxland region during solo trips, it is also fun to sometimes hang out with fellow photography enthusiasts, chatting and learning from others.
A recent outing in Omaha, NE at the Gene Leahy Mall, brought together a collection of photographers through a photo walkabout sponsored by the Rockbrook Camera photo club. Everyone's mission was to make an interesting photo within the confines of the mall, which has recently been redone by the city, and those were later shared amongst the participants. A couple of instructors from Rockbrook were on hand to answer questions and guide the group through the 2-hour session.
Photo enthusiasts enjoy a night out photographing during a Rockbrook Camera photo walk at the Gene Leahy Mall in Omaha, NE Friday, August 26, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Downtown Omaha in the background during a Rockbrook Camera photo walk at the Gene Leahy Mall in Omaha, NE Friday, August 26, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Contrasting shapes seen during a Rockbrook Camera photo walk at the Gene Leahy Mall in Omaha, NE Friday, August 26, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
The friendly group wandered about checking out various angles and designs provided by surrounding buildings and artwork within the mall area. When a collection of photographers assemble in the same setting I am always amazed at the various subjects of interest and different interpretations achieved by different individuals. When I previously taught a Photo Safari class at a local community college the most fun was seeing all the images at the end of the 6-week session and listening to those in the class amazed at how people saw the same situations and subjects, but created varying images that represented the individuals interpretations.
A scene during the Rockbrook Camera photo walk at the Gene Leahy Mall in Omaha, NE Friday, August 26, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Jerred Zegelis of Rockbrook Camera, one of two instructors for a photo walk at the Gene Leahy Mall in Omaha, NE Friday, August 26, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
A little girl enjoyed a water pool and photo enthusiasts took advantage of her getting wet as her mom watched during a Rockbrook Camera photo walk at the Gene Leahy Mall in Omaha, NE Friday, August 26, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
As I would always tell students when out shooting with them on the Safari photo trips that I couldn't think of a better way to spend a day than making photographs. It's still true, and the Siouxland and surrounding region still provide much material to explore and share.
Downtown Omaha is seen in the background during a photo walkabout outing by Rockbrook Camera at the Gene Leahy Mall in Omaha, NE Friday, August 26, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Some ducks know a good thing as they are fed in a small lagoon area seen during a Rockbrook Camera photo walk at the Gene Leahy Mall in Omaha, NE Friday, August 26, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Tags: gene leahy mall, jerry l mennenga photographer, Lost in Siouxland, Olympus omd, omaha nebraska, photo enthusiasts, photography, rockbrook camera photo walk
Categories Communities, Education, Life in Siouxland, Lost in Siouxland, nebraska, outdoors, Parks, Photography, Small Towns, Travel
Celebrating History and Tradition in Siouxland, Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska's 156th Annual Homecoming Celebration, Winnebago, NE
Dancers with local, regional and national tribes participate in the Grand Entry during the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska celebration of its 156th Powwow at Veterans Memorial Park Powwow grounds in Winnebago, NE Friday, July 29, 2022. The powwow honors the return of War Chief Little Priest and his warriors of Company "A" Fort Omaha Scouts Nebraska Volunteers, who were scouts for the U.S. Calvary from 1863-66. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
One annual event I look forward to while traipsing around Siouxland is the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska's Homecoming celebration which has been annually celebrated since the tribe's Chief Little 7Priest and his warriors returned home from serving with the U.S. Calvary in the 1860's. Since that time many of the tribe's members have served and continue serving in the U.S. military. And the homecoming celebration honors those veterans current and past.
It is also a time when tribal members and other tribes can "show off" their regalia and dancing skills as many contest are held throughout the 4-day event which is a chance for non native individuals to meet and learn about their Native neighbors. And where members of the various tribes pass on their traditions to their younger children and relations always remembering the reason why they celebrate.
Dancers with local, regional and national tribes participate in an intertribal dance during the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska celebration of its of its 156th Powwow at Veterans Memorial Park Powwow grounds in Winnebago, NE Friday, July 29, 2022. The powwow honors the return of War Chief Little Priest and his warriors of Company "A" Fort Omaha Scouts Nebraska Volunteers, who were scouts for the U.S. Calvary from 1863-66. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
The Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska celebrates its 156th Pow Wow celebration at Veterans Memorial Park Pow Wow grounds in Winnebago, NE Sunday, July 31, 2022. The pow wow honors the return of War Chief Little Priest and his warriors of Company "A" Fort Omaha Scouts Nebraska Volunteers, who were scouts for the U.S. Calvary from 1863-66. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Tags: chief little priest homecoming, ho chunk inc, jerry l mennenga photographer, Lost in Siouxland, native american, photography, pow wow celebration. Veterans Memorial Park pow wow grounds, powwow celebration. Veterans Memorial Park, winnebago Nebraska
Categories Color Photography, Communities, Community celebration, Education, History, Life in Siouxland, Lost in Siouxland, nebraska, Photography, Small Towns, Travel
Seeing History Re-enacted in Siouxland, Canton Civil War Days, Canton, SD
Civil War re-enactors from eight states stage the Champion Hill battle of May 16, 1863 during the Canton Civil War Days in Canton, South Dakota, Saturday, August 13, 2022. The Civil War Days take place on the property of John and Lori Lems, whose great grandfather, or great, great grandfather fought for the North in an Illinois regiment in the actual Champion Hill battle that took place in Mississippi. It was a pivotal battle in the Vicksburg campaign of Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and the Army of the Tennessee pursuing the Confederate States Army of Vicksburg, Mississippi. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Recently I attended a Civil War battle re-enactment in Siouxland of the Champion Hill battle that took place outside of Vicksburg, MS in 1863. Interestingly enough the family that hosted this event had a great grandfather or great, great grandfather who actually fought in this particular battle and was part of an Illinois regiment that fought for the North during the Civil War. Sometimes listening to speakers and commentators speaking through a loud system one does not always hear correctly. And this was the first year this event was held.
From news accounts I read, a local from the area of Canton had become interested in Civil War re-enactments and attended some in the past out of state. But with the last couple of years or so being skewed by the Covid pandemic and possibly not wanting to travel so far, this individual began investigating whether or not such a re-enactment of an actual event could take place in Canton. There were some accounts about this being possibly controversial, only because at the time of the Civil War, the Dakota Territory was still just that, a territory and not yet divided into two individual states.
Re-enactors portraying Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglas discuss issues of the day during the Canton Civil War Days in Canton, South Dakota, Saturday, August 13, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
An audience listens as re-enactors portraying Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglas discuss issues of the day during the Canton Civil War Days in Canton, South Dakota, Saturday, August 13, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
This re-enactor from Missouri talks about his interest in the Civil War history when in 2005 wasinvited to participate in a staged battle and has stayed involved participating in many staged events throughout the county, the latest at the Canton Civil War Days in Canton, South Dakota, Saturday, August 13, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
A Confederate Army encampment seen during the Canton Civil War Days in Canton, South Dakota, Saturday, August 13, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
During the re-enactment two "gentlemen" dressed in period attire spoke about the war and added many factoids and bits and pieces of the war between the states. I am not certain where these gents haled from or their background, but they were knowledgeable. Nor did they sugar coat or try "rewriting" history but said through all written declarations about the South and its secession it was all about the slavery. And the ability of the southern land owners to continue reaping benefits and profits from enforced slavery to plant and harvest crops. The men also talked about the toll of the war on communities and the men who fought. They recited facts and figures of desertions from men for the South and the North who became disenfranchised with the fighting that dragged on for years which was much different than what many were told at the outset. That the war would be over in a short time. Much like the bravado evidenced in the movie "Gone with the Wind". But reality was much different and much crueler.
A Union Army encampment seen during the Canton Civil War Days in Canton, South Dakota, Saturday, August 13, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
An audience takes a seat along a farm field road to watch the staged Champion Hill battle of May 16, 1863 during the Canton Civil War Days in Canton, South Dakota, Saturday, August 13, 2022. The Civil War Days take place on the property of John and Lori Lems, whose great grandfather, or great, great grandfather fought for the North in an Illinois regiment in the actual Champion Hill battle that took place in Mississippi. It was a pivotal battle in the Vicksburg campaign of Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and the Army of the Tennessee pursuing the Confederate States Army of Vicksburg, Mississippi. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Civil War re-enactors from eight states stage the Champion Hill battle of May 16, 1863 during the Canton Civil War Days in Canton, South Dakota, Saturday, August 13, 2022. The Civil War Days take place on the property of John (seen in blue tee shirt) and Lori Lems, whose great grandfather, or great, great grandfather fought for the North in an Illinois regiment in the actual Champion Hill battle that took place in Mississippi. It was a pivotal battle in the Vicksburg campaign of Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and the Army of the Tennessee pursuing the Confederate States Army of Vicksburg, Mississippi. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
A smoke ring created after firing a canon as Civil War re-enactors from eight states stage the Champion Hill battle of May 16, 1863 during the Canton Civil War Days in Canton, South Dakota, Saturday, August 13, 2022. The Civil War Days take place on the property of John and Lori Lems, whose great grandfather, or great, great grandfather fought for the North in an Illinois regiment in the actual Champion Hill battle that took place in Mississippi. It was a pivotal battle in the Vicksburg campaign of Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and the Army of the Tennessee pursuing the Confederate States Army of Vicksburg, Mississippi. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
I found the running commentary helpful in putting facts and fiction and other accounts into perspective. One can always take what is said with a grain of salt. And today, so many "learned" folk try to rewrite history to serve their own purpose. Many politicians of all stripes and parties. Shameless. It seems sometimes that ethics and honor doesn't really matter anymore. But it was an interesting glimpse into the past of this country and in talking with a few of those participating in the battle, all have a genuine interest in the history and portraying it honestly, traveling from eight different states to attend. History never changes, it's just the interpretation.
Documenting the Civil War re-enactors from eight states stage the Champion Hill battle of May 16, 1863 during the Canton Civil War Days in Canton, South Dakota, Saturday, August 13, 2022. The Civil War Days take place on the property of John and Lori Lems, whose great grandfather, or great, great grandfather fought for the North in an Illinois regiment in the actual Champion Hill battle that took place in Mississippi. It was a pivotal battle in the Vicksburg campaign of Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and the Army of the Tennessee pursuing the Confederate States Army of Vicksburg, Mississippi. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Categories Education, History, Life in Siouxland, Lost in Siouxland, outdoors, Photography, Rural South Dakota, Small Towns, Travel
Reliving History in Siouxland, Ft. Atkinson State Historical Park, Ft. Calhoun, NE
A canon is fired during the Living History event at Fort Atkinson State Historical Park in Ft. Calhoun, NE Saturday, August 6, 2022 (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
I enjoy visiting historical sites within and near the Siouxland region. Some of which have folk with a keen interest in portraying historical figures with knowledge of the area and are happy to share that knowledge with visitors. On a very hot, muggy August day I took a trip to Ft. Atkinson State Historical Park in Nebraska to again check out a living history day.
An re-enactor officer explains what life is like in the army during a Living History event at Fort Atkinson State Historical Park in Ft. Calhoun, NE Saturday, August 6, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Trying to stay cool in a fort barracks on a very hot and sultry day during a Living History event at Fort Atkinson State Historical Park in Ft. Calhoun, NE Saturday, August 6, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
A re-enactor talks about available medical tools, and explained that horse hair was used during the 1800's as sutures and explains it has been found only slightly less effective and strong as today's modern suture material.
I had met some of these folk previously on a visit a few years ago and so it was fun to catch up a bit and see how they were getting on, but also to listen as they told "their stories" which reflects the early frontier life on the plains as this fort represents one of the first outlying defenses of a new nation pushing westward and various other folk with occupations that were supportive of the troops stationed at the fort but not employed by the military as personnel.
This particular day though there were few visitors and I would imagine that heat, with possible highs near 100, kept people away either staying indoors or checking out various water parks or river areas where one could stay cool. But fewer people meant more time to chat with these folk and learn more about the history they had to tell.
Signage outside the barracks seen during a Living History event at Fort Atkinson State Historical Park in Ft. Calhoun, NE Saturday, August 6, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Visitors check out one of the open buildings at the fort barracks during a Living History event at Fort Atkinson State Historical Park in Ft. Calhoun, NE Saturday, August 6, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
A re-enactor takes a smoke break during a Living History event at Fort Atkinson State Historical Park in Ft. Calhoun, NE Saturday, August 6, 2022. The gentleman said he enjoys participating because it is generally quiet with a few visitors stopping by. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
A re-enactor stays cooler in the shade of the fort barracks during a Living History event at Fort Atkinson State Historical Park in Ft. Calhoun, NE Saturday, August 6, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
It was a nice day for what it was, but with searing temperatures and little breeze, spending time in the sunshine for a couple of hours was plenty of time. Unlike the 4th of July Living History event at the park, there is not as much pomp and circumstance and once one has seen and heard a canon fire, not much more needs to be said.
A re-enactor checks in with a fellow participant during a Living History event at Fort Atkinson State Historical Park in Ft. Calhoun, NE Saturday, August 6, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
A re-enactor spins yarn during a Living History event at Fort Atkinson State Historical Park in Ft. Calhoun, NE Saturday, August 6, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
An enlisted man can always find something to do seen during a Living History event at Fort Atkinson State Historical Park in Ft. Calhoun, NE Saturday, August 6, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
An enlisted re-enactor awaits visitors to talk about the soldiers bunk accommodations during a Living History event at Fort Atkinson State Historical Park in Ft. Calhoun, NE Saturday, August 6, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
The parade grounds inside the fort barracks seen at a Living History event at Fort Atkinson State Historical Park in Ft. Calhoun, NE Saturday, August 6, 2022 (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
A cabin outside the perimeter of the fort barracks during a Living History event at Fort Atkinson State Historical Park in Ft. Calhoun, NE Saturday, August 6, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Visitors walk past a picketed garden area during a Living History event at Fort Atkinson State Historical Park in Ft. Calhoun, NE Saturday, August 6, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
A detail heads out to fire a cannon during a Living History event at Fort Atkinson State Historical Park in Ft. Calhoun, NE Saturday, August 6, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Cannoneers prepare to fire during a Living History event at Fort Atkinson State Historical Park in Ft. Calhoun, NE Saturday, August 6, 2022 (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Cannoneers hold their position after firing during a Living History event at Fort Atkinson State Historical Park in Ft. Calhoun, NE Saturday, August 6, 2022 (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Tags: fort atkinson state historical park, frontier fort, frontier lives, ft calhoun nebraska, history, jerry l mennenga photographer, Lost in Siouxland, photography
Categories B&W Photography, Education, History, Life in Siouxland, Lost in Siouxland, nebraska, Parks, Photography, Rural America, Travel
Fair Time in Siouxland, Woodbury County Fair, Moville
A show pig appears to be looking for a way out as its owner participates in a 4-H/FFA judging event at the Woodbury County Fair in Moville, Iowa Thursday, August 4, 2022 (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Rural Iowa in Siouxland would never be complete without a county fair in the summertime. Or elsewhere in other states for that matter. As a child I spent a few summers participating in 4-H events with projects and remember some fondly, and others that may not have gone as expected. And fairs have a long history, originally beginning in England as a sort of religious celebration according to some online sites.
According to a history site the first county fair in the U.S. took place in Pittsfield, Massachusetts in 1807. Sheep farmer Elkanah Watson wanted to promote better farming practices and held a sheep shearing demonstration and contest. Probably happy with its success, Watson began developing agricultural fairs that included contests and activities for the whole family.
While trying to maintain control of their animal entries, 4-H/FFA members of various county clubs also need to stay focused on the event judge during a competition at the Woodbury County Fair in Moville, Iowa Thursday, August 4, 2022 (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
A 4-H/FFA member preps his sheep for showing at the Woodbury County Fair in Moville, Iowa Thursday, August 4, 2022 (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
And in Iowa according to another site it was in 1841 that an exhibition was held exhibiting a particular cattle breed. An Agricultural Society created an event to show off cattle of the Durham breed, the first such exhibition west of the Mississippi River. In 1855 the Agricultural Society created the Lee County Fair in Lee County and thus began county fairs. And others in most states with agriculture began their own fairs. It was a chance for "country folk" to get a day off and maybe show off some of their livestock or produce they had grown. And fairs have changed over time, adding carnivals, and two youth groups, 4-H and FFA (Future Farmers of American) were started to offer young people interested in agriculture and farm type living than now includes organic a space and place to pursue those interests.
A bunny "exhibit" for a 4_h member a at the Woodbury County Fair in Moville, Iowa Thursday, August 4, 2022 (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Animal owners like the 4-H member and owner of this rabbit puts an ice water bottle in the cage to help keep the animal cool during sweltering temperatures during the Woodbury County Fair in Moville, Iowa Thursday, August 4, 2022. Large fans were also deployed throughout the barn areas to keep the air moving during the fair. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Visitors enjoy the rabbit exhibits of 4-H/FFA members at the Woodbury County Fair in Moville, Iowa Thursday, August 4, 2022 (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
For 4-H and FFA members the county fairs are the place to show off their work for the year and compete with like-minded individuals and maybe go to their state's fair to compete amongst their peers, the "championship games" equivalent to sporting events. And these days 4-H clubs are not limited to only "kids in the country" like when I was growing up, and the various activities and kinds of projects has greatly expanded beyond just animals. Although some members whose parents might own small acreage can raise rabbits, chickens, goats or lamps as well as other types of projects that might include nutrition, photography, art, explanatory projects involving building or cooking.
A 4-H/FFA member cuddles her kitten before competing in an event during the Woodbury County Fair in Moville, Iowa Thursday, August 4, 2022 (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
The cat looks calm wearing its leash/bib during a 4-H/FFA competition during the Woodbury County Fair in Moville, Iowa Thursday, August 4, 2022 (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
A kitten looks very sedate from all of the affection and attention during a 4-H/FFA competition at the Woodbury County Fair in Moville, Iowa Thursday, August 4, 2022 (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
But county fairs also harken back to a little country nostalgia that those farming might enjoy. Collecting and exhibiting older "antique" farm tractors is now an expensive hobbies, akin to those who collect and show off model A and T cars and those muscle cars of the '50's and '60's.
Older style tractors and in some cases, "antiques" on display at the Woodbury County Fair in Moville, Iowa Thursday, August 4, 2022 (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Older farm tractors are as collectible to some folk as antique cars seen at the Woodbury County Fair in Moville, Iowa Thursday, August 4, 2022 (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
And then there is the carnival side of fairs and the rides that all kids, no matter the age, still enjoy and look forward too.
A county fair wouldn't be complete without carnival rides see at the Woodbury County Fair in Moville, Iowa Thursday, August 4, 2022 (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Some of the events are a bit fun-filled for the kids as in a pie eating contest that was more whip cream slurping than actual pie eating. And though I didn't watch all of it, a few of the younger ones seemed a bit unsure if inhaling all of that topping was actually going to stay put. And no "spill buckets".
Happy about winning the age division pie eating, well whip cream slurping contest, during the Woodbury County Fair in Moville, Iowa Thursday, August 4, 2022 (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Standing nonchalantly after winning the age division pie eating, well whip cream slurping contest, while a volunteer holds another contestant's pigtails to keep them clear of the whip cream during the Woodbury County Fair in Moville, Iowa Thursday, August 4, 2022 (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
The Fair Queen makes sure this particular contestant gets plenty of whip cream to slurp during a "pie eating" contest at the Woodbury County Fair in Moville, Iowa Thursday, August 4, 2022 (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
In the end though, for those that compete at the county fair, bringing home a blue ribbon or best of show or even a championship trophy still tops the list of accomplishments.
Showing off some "fancy booties" a prize winning goat entry for a 4-H/FFA member is held for a commemorative photo in the winners circle at the Woodbury County Fair in Moville, Iowa Thursday, August 4, 2022 (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Tags: 4-H, iowa extension service, jerry l mennenga photographer, Lost in Siouxland, photography, summer, summer time, Woodbury County Fair
Categories animals, Communities, Community celebration, Education, Farming, Iowa, Life in Siouxland, Lost in Siouxland, outdoors, Rural America, Rural Iowa, Seasons
Encountering a Jurassic Experience, the Scraposaurs, Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center, Sioux City
The Wooly Rhino was built with salvaged steel and covered in hair plugs and is one of various "prehistoric animals" are represented by the traveling Scraposaurs exhibit now at the Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center in Sioux City, Iowa seen Wednesday, June 22, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Sometimes it's nice not to have to travel too far in Siouxland to find an interesting exhibit to check out. A traveling exhibit currently at the Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center in Sioux City consists of recycled Jurassic critters, or creatures from an earlier age. Artist Dale Lewis created whimsical creatures out of recycled metal bits and pieces. Although pieces might not be the best description for some of these towering creatures.
The pterodactyl is built from a variety of stainless steel screening material with forks for teeth while the chicks are made from former steel farm equipment and part of a traveling Scraposaurs exhibit now at the Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center in Sioux City, Iowa seen Wednesday, June 22, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
The pterodactyl is built from a variety of stainless steel screening material with forks for teeth and is part of a traveling Scraposaurs exhibit now at the Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center in Sioux City, Iowa seen Wednesday, June 22, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
The artist's inspiration for "Dino" the dog was the TV cartoon "The Flintstones" and is one of a variety of various "prehistoric animals" built from scrap material are represented by the traveling Scraposaurs exhibit now at the Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center in Sioux City, Iowa seen Wednesday, June 22, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Lewis harkens from Minnesota so this may be a way to spend cold winter days as he created these creatures from various metal materials. The exhibit is slated to be on site until April of 2023. So it will be interesting with a heavy winter snow to see these creatures peeking out from under snow drifts. Maybe experiencing another ice age that their forebears endured and were lost in so many centuries ago.
The "Thing" is one of many creatures built from a variety of scrap material various "prehistoric animals" are represented by the traveling Scraposaurs exhibit now at the Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center in Sioux City, Iowa seen Wednesday, June 22, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
A bison statue is flanked by one of several scrap built "prehistoric animals" are represented by the traveling Scraposaurs exhibit now at the Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center in Sioux City, Iowa seen Wednesday, June 22, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
The artist, Dale Lewis, "signed" his name on one of the "prehistoric animals" are represented in the traveling Scraposaurs exhibit now at the Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center in Sioux City, Iowa seen Wednesday, June 22, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Built from a variety of scrap material various "prehistoric animals" are represented in the traveling Scraposaurs exhibit now at the Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center in Sioux City, Iowa seen Wednesday, June 22, 2022. (photo by Jerry L Mennenga©)
Tags: imagination, jerry l mennenga photographer, lewis and clark interpretive center, Lost in Siouxland, photography, prehistoric history, recyled metal, Scraposaurs, sioux city iowa
Categories animals, art, Education, Iowa, Life in Siouxland, Lost in Siouxland, Photography


Black Friday – Cyber Monday Deal – Take 10% off all orders of $19 and above (based on original price)! Shop Shein for the Holidays! Use Code: Offer Good 11/23 – 11/26 Only!
This Shein Coupon is Active for orders from 55 USD.
Promo code is required to get discount.


The London Medieval Murder Map (the "LMM Map") is provided by the University of Cambridge, Institute of Criminology, Violence Research Centre (the "University", "we" or "us") and allows you as a visitor or user to view a variety of content relating to crime in medieval London, including victim gender, crime scene, year, weapon and location ward.
We will use your personal data for validation and statistical purposes and for the contractual purposes of the administration and management of LMM Map as set out in this Agreement. We may store electronically your personal data collected for these purposes outside the EEA and will put appropriate safeguards in place. More information about data protection is published here.
The images, text, data, files, audio, video, illustrations and designs that appear in the LMM Map (in whole or in part, the "Content"), the Map's collection, arrangement, and assembly of the Content (the "Compilation") and the delivery system and service and underlying software applications, are owned by the University or are used in accordance with applicable law or third party licences or consents.
The LMM Map holding our Content data is being used by kind permission of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem & the Jewish National & University Library.
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The University makes efforts to ensure that its publications and the LMM Map fully meet the requirements of English law and foreign laws of any country where it is intended for such content to be viewed. In the event that a foreign country's law may not be fully complied with, then the University shall be deemed not to be directing such content to that particular country.
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While most people are excited to see the Note 9 become available on the market finally, others cannot wait to hear as much info as possible about Samsung's next big smartphone of 2019, namely the Galaxy S10. This device has been in the limelight for some time now since the South Korean tech giant looks like it is pouring all of its resources and newest pieces of technology into it. There has been an extended number of rumors already going around, talking about more prominent displays, under-screen fingerprint sensors, and many other exciting improvements. However, today we will talk about some new rumors which point to the improved performance of this high-end device.
A new tweet coming from Ice Universe points to the fact that the S10 is going to come with support for LPDDR5 RAM and UFS 3.0 storage. To put it in simpler terms, this means that the device is going to be faster than any of the previous smartphones coming from Samsung in the past. Of course, this is to be expected, but the jump in performance levels is tangible.
Samsung will mass-produce LPDDR5 and UFS3.0 chips in the second half of the year, and I look forward to the Galaxy S10.
To put things into perspective, the Galaxy S9 and Galaxy S9+ came with UFS 2.1 flash storage module, the fastest modules at the time. As we have seen from a first-hand account, these modules ensure that performance wise the device performs a various array of tasks in a blink of a second.
UFS 3.0 modules almost double the bandwidth of the previous processor, and they even consume less power, and they will not heat up the device as much. If the S10 is going to come with this module, then we can expect to see a noticeable improvement in the streaming and gaming performance. You will also see improvements in almost every other department of your device, including video recording support.
The device is also said to come with an under-screen fingerprint sensor. We admit that we have been waiting for this fingerprint sensor for some time now and we are excited to see it being released with the S10. Another rumor points to the fact that the S10 will have thinner bezels and more screen space due to what is called a "sound on display" speaker. By using this type of technology, the need for physical speakers on the front end of the screen is reduced, which inevitably leads to more screen space, something that we are happy about.


text:
Cinema/TV, Film Notes
FrightFest review – Heretiks
Posted by kimnewman ⋅ August 25, 2018 ⋅ Leave a comment
My notes on Heretiks
With only three credits on his directorial CV to date, Paul Hyett – who has a long track record in make-up effects – is becoming a master of British films about folk menaced by monstrous evil in enclosed yet labyrinthine spaces. Cannily, he's picked three very different settings (and horror sub-genres) so the underlying premise is dressed up afresh each time, without too much repetition. The Seasoning House, set in a war-torn Balkan rape factory in the 1990s, had a nippy, mute heroine literally slip through the cracks in the walls to harry macho Kreplachistani goons. Howl was a contemporary monster movie with werewolves besieging a snowbound, stalled train and many commuting wags commenting that this wouldn't be a much worse experience than Southeastern's regular rail service. With Heretiks – co-written by Conal Palmer (one of several hands on The Seasoning House) and actor Gregory Blair (Garden Party Massacre) – Hyatt goes back in time … to the 17th century England in its pestilence- and Satan-ridden setting, and to the Tigon Films of the late 1960s and early '70s in its co-option of the witchfinding and demon-raising freak-out sub-genre, though there's also more than a dose of the frenzied nunsploitation of — taking the higher road — Ken Russell's The Devils and Walerian Borowczyk's Behind Convent Walls, and – down in the depths – Nigel Wingrove's Sacred Flesh or Bruno Mattei's The Other Hell.
A little too gritty to be a simple nostalgia exercise, it works hard at getting into the seamier, more cruel aspects of films like Blood on Satan's Claw or The Wicker Man that tend to be sentimentalised by critical discussions of folk horror. The Devil is present in this convent in coal-eyed and horned form (Ryan Oliva as 'The Diabolical'), but it makes more sense to be afraid of the pious authoritarian Reverend Mother (Clare Higgins, splendidly chilly) than the acolytes of Satan. Young Persephone (Hannah Arterton), who has psychic gifts, is tried for sorcery before a stuffy magistrate (a cameoing Michael Ironside) but whisked away by the Reverend Mother for supposed redemption in a priory that's hardly more cheerful than the brothel in The Seasoning House. Persephone, chided for not having a saint's name, joins other novices/inmates – most of whom are clapped up behind convent walls for being inconvenient or awkward women rather than because they have any particular vocation. A nice lad from the village (Freddy Carter) tries to be friendly, but any conversation with him leads to more praying and punishment. Sister Elizabeth (Ania Marson) is almost as seething as the Reverend Mother, and the younger women in their care have a range of issues – Rosie O'Day (of The Seasoning House) pops up again as one of the more fragile girls, but Emily Tucker (also of The Seasoning House) gets the best acting work-out in her arc from chatty naif to hissing hellspawn.
Besides the regular miseries of privation and repression, the priory is also haunted and an epidemic of bad behaviour (and glowing eyed possession) runs through the sisterhood – with an infernal climax that fulfils prophecies of CGI fire and damnation the protagonist suffers throughout. As in the recent Truth or Dare, nuns playing occult parlour games might have unleashed a demon – for some reason, the nuns and imps sub-genre is enjoying a mini-boom at the moment, represented by several other FrightFest titles this year (The Devil's Doorway, Luciferina). The current British horror boom – and there are more British horror films around now than there were in, say, 1971 – has been reluctant to revive the period-set horror dramas which were almost a dominant form in the heyday of Hammer and its rivals. Only Christopher Smith's Black Death has really ventured into these waters recently, which gives Heretiks a relatively fresh feel, though it goes for a blasted heath look, dingy interiors and authentically scratchy-looking costumes rather than prettified countryside, lush art direction and flimsy nighties. Its crudeness around the edges extends to some of the effects and a few of the performances, but it has a gloomy, sinister, atmosphere and some moments of effective dread going for it.
Here's the FrightFest listing.
Here's a trailer.
« FrightFest review – One Cut of the Dead
FrightFest review – CTRL »


text:
'use strict';

var _regeneratorRuntime = require('babel-runtime/regenerator')['default'];

Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', {
  value: true
});
exports['default'] = zipIterator;
var marked0$0 = [zipIterator].map(_regeneratorRuntime.mark);
/**
 * Takes a number of iterators and returns a new iterator which emits an array
 * of each of the iterators next values. Stops when the shortest iterator is
 * exhausted.
 *
 * @param {...Iterator} var_args
 * @return {Iterator}
 */

function zipIterator() {
  var varArgs,
      length,
      done,
      nextZip,
      i,
      next,
      args$1$0 = arguments;
  return _regeneratorRuntime.wrap(function zipIterator$(context$1$0) {
    while (1) switch (context$1$0.prev = context$1$0.next) {
      case 0:
        varArgs = args$1$0;
        length = varArgs.length;

      case 2:
        if (!true) {
          context$1$0.next = 21;
          break;
        }

        done = false;
        nextZip = new Array(length);
        i = 0;

      case 6:
        if (!(i < length)) {
          context$1$0.next = 15;
          break;
        }

        next = varArgs[i].next();

        if (!next.done) {
          context$1$0.next = 11;
          break;
        }

        done = true;
        return context$1$0.abrupt('break', 15);

      case 11:
        nextZip[i] = next.value;

      case 12:
        i++;
        context$1$0.next = 6;
        break;

      case 15:
        if (!done) {
          context$1$0.next = 17;
          break;
        }

        return context$1$0.abrupt('break', 21);

      case 17:
        context$1$0.next = 19;
        return nextZip;

      case 19:
        context$1$0.next = 2;
        break;

      case 21:
      case 'end':
        return context$1$0.stop();
    }
  }, marked0$0[0], this);
}

module.exports = exports['default'];

// TODO: Use rest parameter once 6to5 is fixed (2.0)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
About the Teamsters
Labor Day FAQs
The 1934 Minneapolis Strike
From Your Organizing Committee
Today in Labor History
President John Kennedy signed Executive Order 10988, recognizing the right of federal employees to bargain collectively. The order was a breakthrough for public sector workers, who were not protected under the 1935 Wagner Act.
- Voices of Labor
Inside Wire: Tips for Members
New contracts ratified at Entenmann's/Stroehmann, others
News Items - January 2018
Negotiations Update & Other News June 2017
Repeal the 40% excise tax on worker's health benefits
Contract negotiations update - January 2017
IBT Officer Election Information & Notices 2016
August 2016 Update
Understanding Workplace Harassment
2016 IBT Delegate Information & Notices
2015 Hoffa Essay Contest
ObamaCare and Collective Bargaining
Sysco/US Foods Merger Information
Applications for the James R. Hoffa 2014-2015 Scholarship
December 2013 Update
March 2013 Update
2012-2014 Hoffa Scholarship
IBT Officer Election Information and Notices
A Day in The Park 2011
2010-2011 IBT International Union Delegate Election Info
Your Rights under the FMLA
Hostess Bankruptcy Updates
Complaining About the Boss on Facebook? Careful!
Delegate Election Nomination Notice
FMLA Rule Changes
Your Rights under the ADA
FEB 2012 Update
101 Ways to Save $$$ in 2012
We Gotta Give To Get
Movies that Motivate
Newsletter Name Contest
2010 Essay Contest
Weekly Steward Tip
Steward Spotlight
NLRB Proposal Mandates Posting of Workers' Organizing Rights
Duty of Fair Representation
Just Cause: Seven Tests
UPS Teamsters Victims in PA Turnpike Crash
News Items - December 2019
News Items - November 2019
News Items - October 2019
News Items - September 2019
News Items - August 2019
News Items - July 2019
Local News Update: July 2019
News Items - June 2019
Important info re Maryland REAL ID license
News Items - May 2019
News Items - April 2019
News Items - March 2019
News Items - February 2019
LU355 Karen Simpson endorsed by Joint Council in Md. delegate race
The Workplace Democracy Act: Hope for American Workers
Teamsters, workers win initial Delaware RTW battle
With Toyota 34 years, Doug Slusher retires
OSHA Delays Start of Silica Exposure Rule Enforcement
Unions Promise to Probe Acosta, New Trump Labor Secty Nominee
Alliance for Retired Americans launch campaign to protect Medicare from privatization
General President Candidates Forum 2016
Teamsters Local 570 Blood Drive 2016
US Foods Provokes Unfair Labor Practices Strike
Why we need to tell Congress to vote NO on the job-killing TPP
Summary of the Workplace Democracy Act
First Student workers in Baltimore ratify first contract
Teamster Local 311 to merge with 570
Local 570 Welcomes First Student Bus Workers
Those Pension Cuts and What You Need to Know
Call Your Senator Now!
Local News Update - November 2014
SYSCO/USFoods National Day of Action
Letter to the Editor re Costco
News Items - August /September 2013
Leonard Paper: Maryland's 'Greenest' Distributor
Obamacare: Union Letter to Democratic Leaders
Steward Profile: Renald Duverneau
News Items - March/April 2013
Maryland passes tougher cell phone use law
New Items - January 2013
Roesel-Heck Workers Vote Teamsters; Other Local News
Hostess Brands to Close Its Doors
There is Only One Choice for Working People
Don't Miss Registration Deadline for November Election
Md. Teamster Dairy Workers Strike Potomac Farms
Labor Day is a time for reflection
Teamsters Mobilizing for August 11 Rally in Philly
Hostess Must Honor Teamster Contracts
Calling Out Walmart
Local 570 Hostess Bakery Workers Conduct Walkout
Stewards Undergo Extensive Training Designed to Sharpen Skills
STAR Associates Drivers Join Teamsters 570
US Foods Announces Job Opportunities
Bargaining with US Foods Continues Under Extension Agmt
New Contract Ratified at Cloverland; Other News
Contract Talks Continue With Merchants Terminal
Hostess Files for Bankruptcy
Politicians Face Political Risk in Fighting Unions
Bakery Negotiations Enter Third Month
Talks Continue at Cloverland Dairy
Members Ratify a New 4-Yr. Pepsi Contract
CSA 2010 BASICs
Update on US Foods Streator (IL) Picket Line
Despite Rain, Picnic a Great Day at the Park
Local Teamsters Protest BMW's Greed at 'Bimmerfest'
Lawmakers Approve Alcohol Tax Hike, Reject Right-to-Work
4.4.11 Day of Solidarity
Maryland HB743: Right to Work (for LESS)
Say NO to the Alcohol Tax
New Contract at Veolia
Veolia Members To Boss: Fair Contract Now!
2011 Convention Delegation
New Maryland Traffic Ticket Procedures
MLK 2011
Stewards Recognized at Seminar, Dinner and Dance
Members at Bimbo Bakeries Ratify 3-Year Agreement
Teamster Structure
Teamster Advantage
Teamster Contract
Teamster Pledge
Teamster Benefits
The Union Difference
At Will vs. Just Cause
Your Right to Organize
What Employers Can't Legally Do
Teamster Priorities
Update: Stopping the War on Workers
The 570 Express
Spring/Summer2019
Summer/Fall 2015
Winter 2012/Spring 2013
Honorable Withdrawal Card
Member Information Release
The Teamsters and the American Dream
For over 100 years, the Teamsters Union has helped millions of workers achieve the American Dream.
Founded in 1903, the International Brotherhood of Teamsters began as a craft union, representing the men who drove the horse-drawn wagons essential to American commerce. These team drivers contributed greatly to the American economy. They worked under poor conditions, toiling 12 to 18 hours per day, seven days a week, for an average wage of $2.00 per day. From these conditions arose the desire for a better life, and the vehicle for achieving this American Dream was to form a powerful union.
Today the International Brotherhood of Teamsters is one of the largest unions in the world – and most diverse – representing more than 1.4 million hardworking men and women in the United States and Canada.
An Impressive History
The history of the Teamsters is a record of accomplishment and a model of success for the American labor movement. Under the leadership of its second President, Daniel Tobin (1907-1952), pictured right, the Teamsters set on a path toward organizing workers and a goal of raising living standards.
The Teamsters enjoyed years of union-friendly administrations, most notably during Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency. FDR helped workers through initiatives that pulled the nation out of the Great Depression and that put Americans back to work. Despite setbacks -- such as the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947, which served to restrict and limit labor's influence -- the Teamsters have achieved, and continue to achieve, major victories for labor.
Under President James R. Hoffa's leadership, membership reached 1.5 million strong in 1957. And in 1964 he was successful in negotiating the first National Master Freight Agreement (left), a watershed event for the labor movement. The National Master Freight Agreement moved more workers into the middle class than any other event in labor history. The agreement covered 400,000 Teamsters employed by some 16,000 trucking companies and spawned similar bargaining agreements in other Teamster trades and crafts.
Despite trying times during the Reagan era of anti-union policies, the union developed a stronger, more democratic vision in the late 1990s under the leadership of General President James P. Hoffa. At the 2001 Teamsters convention, a historic amendment enshrined the concept of "one member, one vote" as a permanent component of the union's constitution. "One member, one vote" protected the members' voice in the union and created a truly democratic system for the direct election of International officers.
In 2005, the Teamsters made a historic break from the AFL-CIO to join six affiliated unions with six million members in the Change to Win federation.
Employing more than 200,000 Teamster members, United Parcel Service is the union's largest single employer. The best-known Teamsters work in the freight industry; more than 120,000 Teamsters work for multiple employers under the National Master Freight Agreement. Hundreds of thousands more work in occupations from airlines to zoo-keeping, in one of five Teamster divisions: Freight, Industrial Trades, Parcel, Public Employees and Warehouse. The Public Employees sector is the union's fastest-growing division. The largest concentration of Teamsters members are in the Eastern and Central states.
Membership is growing. The Teamsters Union has refocused its energy on organizing more workers. By enlisting every Teamster member into its Army of Organizers, the union is spreading the word on the rewards of union membership - better pay, better benefits and respect in the work place. Our members know that they are the power behind the union. They stand together on the job, at the ballot box and in their communities to make a better tomorrow.
For further information, contact the Union office at 410-284-5081.
Q: When was Labor Day first celebrated in the United States?
A: After the first Labor Day in New York City, celebrations began to spread to other states as workers fought to win workplace rights and better working conditions and wages at a time when they had little power. ??In 1893, New York City workers took an unpaid day off and marched around Union Square in support of a national Labor Day. The following year, 12,000 federal troops were called into Pullman, Ill., to break up a huge strike against the Pullman railway company and two workers were shot and killed by U.S. deputy marshals.??In what most historians call an election-year attempt to appease workers after the federal crackdown on the Pullman strike, shortly after the strike was broken, President Grover Cleveland signed legislation making the first Monday in September Labor Day and a federal holiday. Cleveland lost the election.
Q: When did Labor Day become a national holiday?
A: After the first Labor Day in New York City, celebrations began to spread to other states as workers fought to win workplace rights and better working conditions and wages at a time when they had little power. In 1893, New York City workers took an unpaid day off and marched around Union Square in support of a national Labor Day. The following year, 12,000 federal troops were called into Pullman, Ill., to break up a huge strike against the Pullman railway company and two workers were shot and killed by U.S. deputy marshals. In what most historians call an election year attempt to appease workers after the federal crackdown on the Pullman strike, shortly after the strike was broken, President Grover Cleveland signed legislation making the first Monday in September Labor Day and a federal holiday.
Q: Who founded Labor Day?
A: That's a matter of dispute among historians. Some say Peter J. McGuire, general secretary of the Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners and a co-founder of the American Federation of Labor, first suggested a day to honor workers. Others credit Matthew Maguire, a machinist who served as secretary of the Central Labor Union in New York.
Q: Is Labor Day just about unions?
A: No. The U.S. Department of Labor describes Labor Day this way: "It is a creation of the labor movement and is dedicated to the social and economic achievements of American workers. It constitutes a yearly national tribute to the contributions workers have made to the strength, prosperity and well-being of our country."
Q: What international holiday is Labor Day's closet relative? A: May Day. In 1889, a workers' congress in Paris voted to support the U.S. labor movement's demand for an eight-hour workday. It chose May 1, 1890, as a day of demonstrations in favor of the eight-hour day. Afterward, May 1 became a holiday called Labor Day in many nations. It resembles the September holiday in the United States.
A common view is that Matthew Maguire, secretary of the Patterson, N.J. local of the International Association of Machinists proposed the holiday for workers while serving as secretary to the Central Labor Union in New York.
Debate continues to this day as to who actually originated the idea of a workers' holiday, but organized support came from the Knights of Labor, an workers' organization with nearly a million members by the 1880s. The celebration came at a time when organized labor wanted to demonstrate the strength of their burgeoning movement and inspire improvements in their working conditions.
The Knights held another NYC parade on the first day of September in 1884, designating it as the date to recognize workers every year. Workers of other organizations across America began to lobby their state and national politicians for legislation declaring the first Monday in September a national holiday. In 1887, Oregon was the first state to designate the date as a legal holiday commemorating labor, followed by Colorado, New Jersey, New York and Massachusetts. By 1894, 31 states had passed legislation honoring workers.
But in 1894, railway workers went on strike to protest wage cuts and the Pullman Strike crippled the nation's railroad traffic. And in Chicago, two striking workers died at the hands of US military and US marshals dispatched to end the strike. The labor uprisings against abusive employers was a political nightmare for then President Grover Cleveland and in an effort to appease American workers, legislation sanctioning labor's holiday was rushed through Congress, and on June 28, 1894, Labor Day became a national holiday.
Still, it wasn't until 1909 that the first Monday in September became a legal holiday in all states except North Dakota and Arizona. In Louisiana, only New Orleans celebrated Labor Day. In Maryland, New Mexico and Wyoming Labor Day was celebrated at the governor's discretion.
"The vital force of labor added materially to the highest standard of living and the greatest production the world has ever known and has brought us closer to the realization of our traditional ideals of economic and political democracy. It is appropriate, therefore, that the nation pay tribute on Labor Day to the creator of so much of the nation's strength, freedom, and leadership – the American worker." www.dol.gov
In May 1934, Teamsters Local 574 in Minneapolis, Minnesota set out on a campaign to organize all the transportation workers in the city. When employers refused to recognize the union, Local 574 struck the city's trucking operations.
Some 35,000 building trades workers showed their solidarity by also striking. Although the strike was settled on May 25, employers delayed honoring their commitments, prompting a resumption of the strike on July 16.
On July 20 – or "Bloody Friday" as it came to be known – police opened fire on the strikers, killing two and wounding 55. The governor declared martial law, and the National Guard occupied the Minneapolis local, arresting some 100 officers and members.
Because of the ties that had developed between the citizens and the Teamsters, a mass march of 40,000 forced the release of the Teamsters and the strike was won.
"The impact of it was that the employers were not going to be the masters of the workplace," said Teamster Jack Maloney, a veteran of the strike. "That was really what it was all about."
What happened in Minneapolis during the spring and summer of 1934 transformed the city and played a decisive role in the history of organized labor in the U.S.
The struggle was a turning point for working people: It helped to establish the right to form a union. Congress passed the NLRA in 1935 which marked the start of a new era of fairness and prosperity in American workplaces.
The strike was also a successful turning point for the Teamsters: from a craft union to a national union as over-the-road drivers continued to organize across the Midwest and the nation.
The following video tells the story of the violent strike that led to the enactment of legislation acknowledging the rights of workers to organize and bargain: the National Labor Relations Act and the Fair Labor Standards Act.
Page Last Updated: Sep 05, 2011 (08:17:00)
at 10 a.m. at the Union Hall.
Please be present and on time.
Teamster News Headlines
Dairy Giant Dean Foods Files for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy, Lines Up Sale
Training: Forklift Recertification / Load Securement – Milton, PA
Annual Pipeline Steward School, Business Officers' Conference in New Orleans
Oregon American Red Cross Workers Join Teamsters Local 223
Teamsters Local 320 to Strike St. Louis County
Training: Log Truck - Zanesville, Ohio
Strike Vote Taken by STA/Ocean State Transit School Bus Workers
Striking Asarco Miners Ask Lawmakers, "Which Side Are You On?"
Teamsters Demonstrate at French Embassy and Consulate in Solidarity With Striking Workers in France
Teamsters Organize at Columbia Sportswear


The NEW Microsoft Certified Associate - Microsoft 365 Messaging Administrator (Exchange) Training & Certification 6 Day Boot Camp focuses on actual job task for administrators who deploy, configure, manage, and monitor messaging infrastructure, permissions, client access, mail protection, and mail flow in both on-premises, hybrid, and cloud enterprise environments.
While attending this 6 day camp - students will take two exams (MS-200 / MS-201) to achieve the Microsoft Certified Associate- Messaging Administrator (Exchange) certification. This hands on, instructor led live camp focuses on the real world responsibilities of a Messaging Administrator (Exchange) Administrator and covering the information needed for the certification exams which are administered while attending.


Put the flour, sugar and baking powder in an 18cm Pyrex bowl and mix well. Stir in the water and oil to form a smooth batter. Pour the syrup in the middle of the mixture (it should sink to the bottom).
Cover bowl with microwave-proof cling-film. Microwave on high for approx 4 mins.
Leave to stand for a few mins, then turn out onto a plate and serve with dairy-free cream or custard.
Try with jam or marmalade instead of golden syrup. You can also add a few chopped up dates or raisins to the batter.
It is also useful as a sponge base. Just microwave batter mix without adding syrup or jam, allow to cool and use sponge for trifles, etc.


text:
<?php

namespace Okatea\Install;

use Symfony\Component\Debug\Debug;
use Symfony\Component\Debug\ErrorHandler;
use Symfony\Component\Debug\ExceptionHandler;
use Symfony\Component\Finder\Finder;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Exception\ResourceNotFoundException;
use Okatea\Admin\Page;
use Okatea\Tao\Application;
use Okatea\Tao\L10n\Localization;

class Okatea extends Application
{
	/**
	 * Tableau des codes de langues disponibles pour l'interface d'installation.
	 *
	 * @var array
	 */
	public $availablesLocales = [
		'fr',
		'en'
	];

	/**
	 * Le numéro de version que nous mettons à jour.
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $oldVersion;

	/**
	 * Le "stepper".
	 *
	 * @var Okatea\Tao\Html\Stepper
	 */
	public $stepper;

	/**
	 * Le numéro de version que nous installons.
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	public $version;

	public $extensions = [];

	public function run()
	{
		if ($this['session']->has('okt_old_version')) {
			$this->oldVersion = $this['session']->get('okt_old_version');
		}

		if ($this['request']->query->has('old_version'))
		{
			$this->oldVersion = $this['request']->query->get('old_version');
			$this['session']->set('okt_old_version', $this->oldVersion);
		}

		# Initialisation localisation
		if (!$this['session']->has('okt_install_language')) {
			$this['session']->set('okt_install_language', $this['request']->getPreferredLanguage($this->availablesLocales));
		}

		$this['l10nInstall'] = function ($okt) {
			return new Localization(
				$okt['session']->get('okt_install_language'),
				$okt['session']->get('okt_install_language'),
				'Europe/Paris'
			);
		};

		$this['l10nInstall']->loadFile($this['locales_path'] . '/%s/main');
		$this['l10nInstall']->loadFile($this['locales_path'] . '/%s/users');
		$this['l10nInstall']->loadFile(__DIR__ . '/Locales/%s/install');

		# Define templates directories
		$this['tpl_directories'] = [
			__DIR__ . '/Templates/%name%.php',
			__DIR__ . '/Extensions/%name%.php'
		];

		# Install or update ?
		if (!$this['session']->has('okt_install_process_type'))
		{
			$this['session']->set('okt_install_process_type', 'install');

			if (file_exists($this['config_path'] . '/installed')) {
				$this['session']->set('okt_install_process_type', 'update');
			}
		}

	//	$this->loadExtensions();

		# -- CORE TRIGGER : installBeforeStartRouter
		$this['triggers']->callTrigger('installBeforeStartRouter');

		# -- CORE TRIGGER : installBeforeLoadPageHelpers
		$this['triggers']->callTrigger('installBeforeLoadPageHelpers');

		$this->loadPageHelpers();

		# -- CORE TRIGGER : installBeforeMatchRequest
		$this['triggers']->callTrigger('installBeforeMatchRequest');

		$this->matchRequest();

		# -- CORE TRIGGER : installBeforeLoadStepper
		$this['triggers']->callTrigger('installBeforeLoadStepper');

		$this->loadStepper();

		# -- CORE TRIGGER : installBeforeLoadTplEngine
		$this['triggers']->callTrigger('installBeforeLoadTplEngine');

	//	$this->loadTplEngine();

		# -- CORE TRIGGER : installBeforeCallController
		$this['triggers']->callTrigger('installBeforeCallController');

		$this->callController();

		# -- CORE TRIGGER : installBeforePrepareResponse
		$this['triggers']->callTrigger('installBeforePrepareResponse');

		$this->response->prepare($this['request']);

		# -- CORE TRIGGER : installBeforeSendResponse
		$this['triggers']->callTrigger('installBeforeSendResponse');

		$this->response->send();
	}

	/**
	 * Load install extensions.
	 */
	protected function loadExtensions()
	{
		$finder = (new Finder())
			->files()
			->in(__DIR__ . '/Extensions')
			->name('Extension.php');

		foreach ($finder as $file)
		{
			if (!file_exists(dirname($file->getRealPath()) . '/_disabled'))
			{
				$sExtensionId = $file->getRelativePath();

				$sExtensionClass = 'Okatea\\Install\\Extensions\\' . $sExtensionId . '\\Extension';

				$this->extensions[$sExtensionId] = new $sExtensionClass($this);
				$this->extensions[$sExtensionId]->load();
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Init content page helpers.
	 *
	 * @return Okatea\Tao\Html\Page
	 */
	protected function loadPageHelpers()
	{
		$this->page = new Page($this, 'install');
	}

	/**
	 * Résolution de la route à utiliser
	 */
	protected function matchRequest()
	{
		try
		{
			$this['request']->attributes->add($this['installRouter']->matchRequest($this['request']));
		}
		catch (ResourceNotFoundException $e)
		{
			$this->page->serve404();
		}
		catch (\Exception $e)
		{
			$this->response->headers->set('Content-Type', 'text/plain');
			$this->response->setStatusCode(Response::HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
			$this->response->setContent($e->getMessage());
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Load stepper.
	 *
	 * return void
	 */
	protected function loadStepper()
	{
		if ($this['session']->get('okt_install_process_type') == 'install') {
			$this->stepper = new Stepper\Install($this, $this['request']->attributes->get('_route'));
		}
		else {
			$this->stepper = new Stepper\Update($this, $this['request']->attributes->get('_route'));
		}
	}

	protected function callController()
	{
		$this->response = $this['installRouter']->callController();

		if (null === $this->response || false === $this->response)
		{
			$this->response->headers->set('Content-Type', 'text/plain');
			$this->response->setStatusCode(Response::HTTP_NOT_IMPLEMENTED);
			$this->response->setContent('Unable to load controller.');
		}
	}
}


text:
'Double dip': Cleveland Police Chief rehired 2 days after retiring to collect salary, pension
Cleveland Police Chief Calvin Williams (Source WOIO)
By John Deike and Shannon Houser
Updated: Nov. 2, 2018 at 6:39 PM EDT
CLEVELAND, OH (WOIO) - Chief Calvin Williams retired from the Cleveland Division of Police on Wednesday.
Yet on Friday, Mayor Frank Jackson rehired Williams, who will continue to serve as the city's chief of police.
Williams is now eligible to collect his $130,575/year salary and his police pension--simultaneously.
The City of #Cleveland confirms Police Chief Calvin Williams will be collecting both retirement pension and his salary of more than $135,000.
What do you think? Should "double dipping" be legal? https://t.co/Egj6UbTQ9Y
— Shannon (@Shannon_Houser) November 2, 2018
The move is known as "double dipping," a controversial -- but legal -- maneuver that other Cleveland officials have used in the past.
Mayor Jackson has hired at least 30 double dippers since he was elected mayor in 2005. That includes two former police chiefs, Michael McGrath and Martin Flask.
Some Clevelanders believe "double dipping" is wrong and people need to take the issue to the statehouse.
"I think people need to be aware and start making some motions happening, whether it be voting," one woman said.
"Either he should continue to work or retire. One or the other," another man said.
Not everyone thinks double dipping is wrong. Some argue it doesn't cost additional taxpayer money because the police chief's position would have to be filled either way and there are many Clevelanders that believe the city is better off with Chief Williams in office.
"He did everything he could for the city. I think the city is safer," said one man.
Williams is the city of Cleveland's 40th police chief, and has worked at the department for 32 years.
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