text:
package org.apache.eagle.log.entity;

import org.codehaus.jackson.map.annotate.JsonSerialize;

@JsonSerialize(include=JsonSerialize.Inclusion.NON_NULL)
public class RowkeyQueryAPIResponseEntity {
	private boolean success;
	private String exception;
	private Object obj;

	public boolean isSuccess() {
		return success;
	}
	public void setSuccess(boolean success) {
		this.success = success;
	}
	public String getException() {
		return exception;
	}
	public void setException(String exception) {
		this.exception = exception;
	}
	public Object getObj() {
		return obj;
	}
	public void setObj(Object obj) {
		this.obj = obj;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Consider that at the heart of a financial institution lies, in essence, a technology company. Technology enables virtually every activity in financial services and consumes a huge portion of capital investments and operational expenses. A financial institution's performance depends on the reliability and security of its technology.
System downtime can hobble an institution and its customers. The business relies on accurate and timely data. The changing technology landscape requires institutions to make strategic decisions on which technologies to adopt, and which to avoid. Weak controls in technology can lead to processing errors or unauthorized transactions. And regulators around the globe continue to focus not only on safety and soundness but also on compliance with country-specific laws and regulations.
Boards are as accountable for overseeing IT risk as they are for other risks. Ultimately, the effective management and governance of IT risk depends on both the senior executive team, including the chief information officer (CIO), chief risk officer (CRO), and chief technology officer (CTO), as well as well as a broad set of accountable managers from across the company. All financial organization leaders must understand IT risk and the levers available to ensure it is being adequately addressed. This paper highlights select IT risks for boards of financial institutions to consider, and suggests strategies they can employ to better oversee them.


There's one scene from this season of Better Call Saul that I can't get out of my head. It's in episode 403, "Something Beautiful," the scene where Rhea Seehorn's Kim Wexler goes in for a meeting at Mesa Verde.
Now, Mesa Verde has been a thing on Better Call Saul practically as long as Gus Fring was a thing on Breaking Bad. I guess you'd describe Mesa Verde as "a recurrent subplot," but it has an uncanny way of suddenly dominating the show around it. Avuncular CEO Kevin Wachtell (Rex Linn) and his senior counsel Paige Novick (Cara Pifko) are familiar faces in Saul's Albuquerque, in what I guess you could call the "white people in suits" side of the show. And Kim's stewardship of Mesa Verde has carried her legal career through three major evolutions, from oldboy firm Howard, Hamlin & McGill to the startup cooperative Wexler McGill to her current role as the head of Schweikert and Cokely's banking division.
So Mesa Verde is an idea rooted deep into Better Call Saul's foundation, even if we don't tend to talk about Better Call Saul as "a show about the gradual expansion of a local bank into a regional institution." But episode 3 suddenly, spectacularly foregrounds Mesa Verde, and its role in Kim's story, and Kim's role in whatever story Better Call Saul is telling. Kevin shows Kim a room full of model buildings. The bank is opening up new franchises, across the Southwest and beyond: Salt Lake City, Cheyenne, Ogden, Tucumcari. And Lubbock, man, Lubbock!
Kim walks around the room, a bit speechless. Director Daniel Sackheim shoots with a dreamy stillness, the white room lit a 1992 shade of purple. And Seehorn has a brilliant way of communicating a lot of clashing thoughts. Kim looks mesmerized, intimidated, perplexed. She seems to be realizing something, though it's hard to sort out whether she's realizing something personal, professional, or existential. In the sequence's stunner shot, tiny purply people fade into Kim's gaze; she looks fascinated and maybe a bit horrified, and credit to director of photography Marshall Adams for very casually implying multiple sets of prison-y bars between us and her.
There's been some incredible Kim Wexler material throughout this season of Better Call Saul. She's the one main character who regularly interacts in any meaningful way with Bob Odenkirk's Jimmy McGill. (Jimmy and Jonathan Banks' Mike had coffee once.) And the series has lately played up the Jimmy-Kim coupling as the defining dynamic of the series. Episode 6 opened with a flashback to their early days paper-chasing through HHM, back when Kim was a law student and Jimmy was the man in the mailroom. Their conversation vibrates futurequakes of premonition: See Kim, praising the cosmic possibilities of "the power of obscure case law!" while careless Jimmy begs her to "big-picture it" for his can't-be-bothered brain.
Episode 7 opened with Kim and Jimmy again, passing long months of regular life in a split-screen montage. Kim joined her new law firm, set up a new office, found time to dedicate herself to pro bono public defense. Jimmy wasted time at his nominal job, built brand equity on his side hustle, selling burner phones one tracksuit at a time. They're both getting to work was the sequence's text, they're moving in different directions its subtext.
Then suddenly, Jimmy needed Kim's help. His associate Huell (Lavell Crawford) had been arrested on seemingly unimpeachable charges; he literally hit a policeman. Called to win an unwinnable case, Kim brought the Full Wexler, squadding through the courthouse with her attendant Schweikert Cokelys laying motions and pleas and general private mega-law-firm realness at the assistant district attorney's feet.
There was a running tension throughout the episode. Jimmy didn't entirely know what Kim thought about all this: His side hustle, his obvious backsliding into casual skullduggery, the basic fact that he was asking her to help him cheat justice. Kim got Huell his freedom, took Jimmy into a stairway — and kissed him. "Let's do it again," she said, ending the whole adventure on a note of eerie celebration. Seehorn can make Kim swagger like a business badass, but there's something whimsical about her performance; you always believe that she likes Jimmy, even gets inspired by him, even as she wearily recognizes all his flaws.
Part of the magic of the Jimmy and Kim pairing, I think, is how difficult it can be to pin down. Kim's a great lawyer. Jimmy's a brilliant operator. In a darkly funny way, Better Call Saul assumes those two things are precisely the same. ("What Better Call Saul Says — And Doesn't Say — About The Legal Profession" will be a fun class someday at the University of American Samoa.) On Monday's penultimate episode, "Wiedersehen," they worked an elaborate scam on Lubbock's City Hall, requiring a barrelful of lies about a phantom child, spoilt breast milk, and one very prominent Jimmy Buffett T-shirt. But Kim's aiming in a different direction than Jimmy. "We should only use our powers for good," she says, though it's obviously unclear what "good" was done ensuring the Lubbock branch of Mesa Verde looks as eye-catching as the Tucumcari branch.
Kim is the one main character left on Better Call Saul with no obvious basis in the predecessor series. Which is interesting, because any time traveler Manifesting from 2013 to 2018 would find a lot of familiar Breaking Bad notions in this season. Gus Fring (Giancarlo Esposito) hovers in the shadows, surrounded by various accomplices, plotting devious long-term drugspionage adjacent to Don Eladio and the Salamancas. Actually, if you saw the original series, it's almost funny how many eventually-dead characters have been resurrected in Saul's cartel subplot, more fun with the Cousins, hey Gale!
Meanwhile, Mike's been very patiently working on a special Fring project, the miraculous superlab that centralized Breaking Bad's middle years. I guess someone out there in this great big world of ours always wanted to know how they built the superlab. I always assumed the story was, "It was built," and admit to little interest in the ongoing Parable of the Lonely German Engineer. Better Call Saul's crime stuff is skillfully made TV crime stuff, no doubt. But its embrace of the Darth Vader-iest aspects of Breaking Bad still feels a bit like downloadable content, cool scenes of Gus Fring looming for anyone left cold by Saul's seasons-long flirtation with elder care law.
All these divergent strands could be merging together. The arrival of Lalo (Tony Dalton) is a deep-canon nudge that Jimmy's storyline is circling toward the drug trade. But nothing in the literally explosive superlab subplot felt as dramatically fiery as Kim's rooftop conversation with Jimmy in "Wiedersehen." Everything came out all at once: Jimmy's inability to be sincere, his ongoing strange relationship with dead brother Chuck, the possibility that Kim will always see him as (sigh) Slippin' Jimmy, the more obvious fact that Kim drops everything for Jimmy all the time. Here she was, Jimmy declared, kicking a man while he was down. "Jimmy, you are always down," Kim shot back.
It felt like a reckoning, a final schism for this couple after a season of glacier-shifting apart. Jimmy returned to their apartment, ready to pack. And then… Kim seemed ready to help him again, kinda! It was an ambiguous lead-in to the finale, but also a reminder of one essential truth about Better Call Saul: We already know where everyone else is going. But Kim Wexler can always surprise us.


text:
Manchester City 2 West Ham United 0
Saturday, 23rd September 2006
Another week, yet sadly more of the same from me. Following the Newcastle debacle last Sunday, the notion that the trip to Eastlands must herald a victory was rooted firmly inside me. Following City's dismal Cup exit at Chesterfield during the week, the timing of the game was either awful for West Ham, or a blessing in disguise. True to how the season is turning, it turned out to be the latter.
What is currently going on (football-wise) at the club is what I expected last year. A newly promoted side, short on ideas going forward and slightly frail defensively. We all thought that the home form would keep us in the League, and any points out of the East End would be a welcome bonus. As it turns out, our form was even more impressive than that; Upton Park was more of a fortress than a fluke-venue, and away performances tended to show a complete lack of fear. Suddenly, everything has come crashing back to Earth. Gone is the team spirit that defined the 2005/2006 campaign. The ambition is nowhere to be seen. There?EUR(TM)s no work ethic, a lack of battling qualities. To be frank, everything is a shambles.
At least it is good to see a few posts of optimism on the various Message Boards. Yes, honesty is needed at this current time when the football is abysmal. But a united support group is vitally needed. The City of Manchester Stadium is known for being lacking in atmosphere ?EUR" for West Ham fans to be out-sung it shows just how bad the negative feelings are at present. Everything I heard from the people around me smacked of fickle-ness.
Three paragraphs in, and somehow I have avoided mentioning the game itself. That could well be a good thing. On the other hand, I would not be the kind man I am if I did not share what happened on Saturday with those who were not lucky enough to make the trip up North. Put simply, it was one of the most pathetic displays a recent West Ham team has churned up. At least in the Millwall mauling in 2004 a goal was scored. We even had shots against Crewe in a dismal draw. The side might as well have kept playing on Saturday night; even then I doubt the penalty area would have seen much action.
You know that things are awful when the best ?EUR~chance?EUR(TM) for the Irons was from Anton Ferdinand in the first half. Yes. A defender. From a corner. Even then, he lost the ball after taking a touch in order to prepare for a shot. Whilst running back to his more accustomed territory, he pulled up injured. From that moment on, everything went from bad to worse.
Since Saturday, I have read a lot of criticism for the Marlon and Bobby, the two starters up-top for the game. Sure, they did not work particularly hard but their service was as inept as the Beer distributors inside the ground at half-time. The formation had set a four man midfield, but it was overrun by the City side. Even that could be an understatement. It was destroyed. Etherington is clearly still lacking in full fitness, and his confidence levels are clearly even worse. His crossing was woeful (invariably beating the first man) and was very predictable when he tried to take on his man. On the right flank, Yossi tried valiantly, but his endeavour produced very little end product. What a contrast his display was from the last away game, when he was the heart and soul of the side?EUR(TM)s attacking prowess at Anfield. The central pairing was even worse; Mascherano was hit and miss in both his distribution and defensive work, and Reo-Coker was arguably the worst player in the Claret and Blue. Again. At least he has been consistent all season long. My call for Bowyer to start in his place is almost my mantra.
With Dailly drafted into a back four that contained the thus-far poor Konchesky, little confidence was instilled in me. Rightly so; Manchester City could, and should, have been two up before half time. Everytime, it seemed, their forward prowess was stemming from the flanks. The first goal was a classic example. Cue the almost compulsory criticism of Hayden Mullins, who loathes playing in the right back position. Lighting pace is not what his holding midfield role is about; City?EUR(TM)s Miller had bundles of it. Very few will keep up with his speed. The finish was good, the marking not so. The second goal was rather embarrassing, too, as Samaras ran through a static defence to finish easily. Losing Anton early on really dented any chance of a good result. Gabbidon showed touches of class but looked second best, whilst the ?EUR~football genius?EUR(TM) is hardly cut out for the centre half role at this level. (And, yes, you?EUR(TM)ve guessed it. The left back had another horror showing.)
The substitution of Cole and Tevez up top did not change things. By then the game was over and the travelling crowd behind the goal were left to vent their frustrations. Those near me vented their again to Carroll after the game, and he comprehended their nuances. The captain, on the other hand, did not seem to care.
In the end, the trip was undeniably disappointing. Reading next Sunday will be difficult, as they are very reminiscent of last year?EUR(TM)s Hammers side. The Alan Pardew factor will only fire them up even more. Before then comes the trip to Sicily. Palermo got beaten last night, but I bet they cannot wait for the home leg of the UEFA Cup tie on Thursday night. The last four West Ham displays have produced about five goalscoring opportunities between them. Another performance like this one will see the Italians easily dispose of the Irons. The performance is just as important as the result.
Click to view all West Ham United vs Manchester City match reports
His fury (therefore determination) was clear to see. Shame his kicking is still up and down.
Average.
Very average.
The shining light in a tepid display.
Reasonable.
Awful.
(Replaced Ferdinand, 22) Average in a disliked position.
(Replaced Harewood, 65) Did little.
(Replaced Mears, 67) Quiet.
West Ham United: Roy Carroll, Christian Dailly, Paul Konchesky, Anton Ferdinand, Danny Gabbidon, Javier Mascherano, Nigel Reo-Coker, Yossi Benayoun, Matthew Etherington, Bobby Zamora, Marlon Harewood.
Manchester City: Weaver, Richards, Dunne, Distin, Jordan, Barton, Hamann, Sinclair, Miller, Samaras, Corradi..
Subs not used: Hart, Beasley.
Goals: Samaras (50, 63).
Referee: C.Foy.
Man of the Match: Anton Ferdinand.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The ATHENS Network is made up of 15 leading European technological universities. The Network organises intensive short-duration courses at each member institution. The programme includes a compulsory cultural weekend, before the beginning of the courses. The courses take place twice a year, in March and November.
The ATHENS week permits participants from different institutions to take short courses of a high scientific level and to mix with students of different nationalities and backgrounds. About 60 courses are offered at each ATHENS Session and cover a wide range of thematic, from engineering to social sciences. The objective is to give students a brief immersion in another European education system.
If you are interested in participating in a Athens course in IST you should be a student at one of the Network Universities
Network Universities:
Agroparistech, France
Arts Et Métiers Paristech, France
Chimie Paristech, France
Ecole Des Ponts Paristech, France
Ecole Nationale Supérieure De Techniques Avancées, France
Ecole Supérieure De Physique Et De Chimie Industrielles De Paris, France
Institut D'optique Graduate School, France
Mines Paristech, France
Telecom Paristech, France
Technical University Of Wien, Austria
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
Czech Technical University, Czech Republic
Technical University Of Munich, Germany
Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki, Greece
Budapest University Of Technology And Economics, Hungary
Politecnico Di Milano, Italy
Delft University Of Technology, Netherlands
Trondheim Norwegian University Of Science And Technology, Norway
Warsaw University Of Technology, Poland
Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal
University Politechnica Of Bucarest, Romenia
Universidad Politecnica De Madrid, Spain
Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
At IST we have the following courses:
IST 3 – Operational Research
IST 6 – e-lab – Remotely controlled physics laboratories
IST 10 – Plasma Science and Technology
IST 11 – Value Proposition Design for Startups in Sustainable Energy
IST 15 – Educational Architecture: Reinventing spaces and places in the city of Lisbon
IST 16 – Advanced course on Microbial MultiOmics
The costs are of four types:
Travelling costs
Housing costs
Social and cultural "European Dimension" activities
No charge is made to students to follow a course. Travel, living, meals and European Dimension activities costs are, however, the responsibility of the participating.
European Dimension activities
European Dimension activities at Técnico are organized by our Student Support Unit (NAPE). After being accepted at our institution you are contacted by them with all the details, as well as an invitation to a group where you can start contacting other colleagues who will come to our institution in that session.
For each session we publish in the program's "vital message" a list of hostels within walking distance of Técnico. Students are responsible for booking their stay.
Rossela Leitão (responsável pelos estudantes)
Luis Moreira (Coordenador Local ATHENS)
Check out the Athens Network webpage


Anxiety is a state of fearful, agitated uneasiness that we can experience physically (as in knots in the stomach, tension in our muscles, shallow breathing, shaking, rapid heart rate, tunnel vision, sweating) as well as cognitively and emotionally (intense apprehension or worry about something bad happening or freezing in fear in response to a current stimulus that we find frightening).
A certain degree of anxiety is a normal part of the human experience. It is common to feel anxious about speaking in public or just before a job interview.
The difference between normal anxiety and an anxiety disorder, however, is that the latter involves a degree of fear or worry that is so intense or pervasive that it causes clinically significant distress, over and above what the majority of individuals might experience in the same situation. An anxiety disorder also causes some form of impairment in a person's ability to function in daily life. Your ability to perform well at work, for example, to interact with others socially, to travel, to engage in certain activities with friends, or to feel safe certain settings can be made very difficult by an anxiety disorder.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder is characterized by excessive and chronic anxiety and worries about a variety of events or activities. This worry is pervasive even in the absence of anything bad happening or is out of proportion to the actual risk involved. Accompanying the excessive worry is restlessness, fatigue, impaired concentration, irritability, increased muscle aches and/or difficulty sleeping (note that some of the symptoms of generalized anxiety listed here are also symptoms of depression; there are additional features that distinguish depression from anxiety).
Social Anxiety Disorder (or social phobia) is fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in a social or performance situation, where the individual is exposed to unfamiliar people or close scrutiny. The person fears to call attention to themselves or looking and sounding foolish, and either avoids social settings or performance situations or endures them while experiencing intense anxiety.
Panic Disorder involves experiencing persistent and unanticipated panic attacks (a sudden surge of intense fear or anxiety that reaches a peak within minutes and includes at least four of the following: racing heart sensations, shortness of breath, shaking, trembling, a feeling of choking, chest pain, nausea, feeling chills, dizziness, paresthesias (numbing or tingling sensations), derealization (feelings of unreality), depersonalization (feeling detached from oneself), fear of losing control, or fear of dying), followed by at least one month of persistent worry about experiencing additional panic attacks or engaging in maladaptive behavior intended to avoid experiencing further panic attacks.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder consists of having obsessions and compulsions that are debilitating to a person's life. Obsessions are recurrent and intrusive ideas, thoughts and images that are unwanted and that cause significant anxiety unless certain actions (compulsions) are taken to relieve the anxiety. Compulsions are certain repetitive and ritualistic behaviors that are undertaken to temporarily relieve the anxiety brought on by the obsessions. For example, you might become obsessed with the recurrent thought that you will contract a deadly bacteria and die if you don't wash your hands twenty times in a certain way. The compulsion is then washing your hands that many times.
The counselors at Bevill and Associates LLC can work with you to provide two essential components for recovery: 1) a safe and trusting environment for healing to take place, and 2) guidance in applying specific techniques for recovery.
Anxiety Disorders–include the helping relationship that you develop with a caring and trusted professional, who will listen to you carefully and provide guidance and support and an environment that instills hope, or a positive expectancy.


ATLANTIC CITY - No Boy Scouts were there, but they likely would have endorsed the message at Atlantic City Electric's seasonal prep session: Be prepared.
After the region was hammered last storm season with two major weather events - the June 29 derecho and exactly four months later, Hurricane Sandy - officials noted that the most important lesson learned is to be ready for whatever circumstance such extreme conditions create.
Besides causing heavy damage to homes and infrastructure, both storms knocked out power to millions of customers throughout New Jersey and ultimately left thousands of people in some areas without electricity for more than a week. Utility crews worked round the clock to remove downed trees, repair power lines, and rebuild damaged generating stations.
"What did we learn from Sandy? . . . That you can never be too prepared too soon," Vince Maione, region president of Atlantic City Electric, said Tuesday.
The utility serves 547,000 customers in a 2,700-square-mile territory in Atlantic, Burlington, Camden, Cape May, Cumberland, Gloucester, Ocean, and Salem Counties. It hosted an hour-long news conference Tuesday at Boardwalk Hall, along with the American Red Cross and the City of Atlantic City, to highlight National Hurricane Preparedness Week 2013, which runs May 26 through June 1, when the Atlantic hurricane season begins. The season ends Nov. 30.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration predicts that this year could be an active one for weather, with as many as 20 named storms and 11 hurricanes. In an average year, the Atlantic hurricane season delivers 12 named storms and six hurricanes - with one to three of those hurricanes being classified as major.
NOAA, which assesses coastal conditions and warns of dangerous maritime weather, has indicated that as many as three to six hurricanes this year could become Category 3 storms or higher - levels that could pose a danger to the Eastern Seaboard.
"Severe storms seem to be becoming the norm, so it's all about preparation for us and for our customers," said Maione, noting that Atlantic City Electric has invested $800 million into infrastructure improvements over the last several years.
The utility works closely with local governments and emergency responders to monitor approaching storms, and, if necessary, to activate emergency procedures, Maione said.
"You know that motto, 'Stronger Than The Storm,' we want our system to be stronger than the storm," said Maione, who indicated that the utility has considered burying power lines in areas affected by extreme wind and relocating some barrier-island power substations to areas less prone to flooding.
The utility is urging customers to prepare for storm season by assembling an emergency "go kit" that can help residents shelter in place or make contingency plans to stay elsewhere in the event of a prolonged outage or evacuation.
Besides important phone numbers and a decisive plan, should evacuation become necessary, the "go kit" should include a flashlight, battery-powered radio or TV, battery-powered or windup alarm clock, extra batteries, special medical or infant supplies, insulated cooler, list of emergency phone numbers, a corded phone or cellphone, blankets and spare clothing, a three-day supply of nonperishable food and water for each person living in the household, and a hand-crank can opener.
at 609-652-8382 or jurgo@phillynews.com. Read the Jersey Shore blog "Downashore" at philly.com/downashore.


In this episode of the Ambitious Motherhood Podcast, I get the pleasure of chatting with Courtney Elmer, the founder of the STRESS Less System. We talk about all things stress, mom life and how she has navigated started a business around her expertise, even when she didn't know what it would look like or the exact path she would take.
As a wife and mom herself, she understands the pressure that comes from wearing all the hats and the frustration of feeling like there's never enough time to get to everything on the list.
As a speaker and business coach, Courtney teaches working moms how to have it all without having to do it all, so they can be more present with their families and enjoy the life that's in front of them right now. After all, StressLESS, LiveMORE is her motto!
Courtney lives in Metairie with her husband Alan, their son AJ, and their fur-friends Ace and Deuce.
(34:55) What would you tell your pre mom self?
(39:05) Take part in the MORNING BREATH CHALLENGE! Screenshot the show and tag us in your stories if you're going to do the Morning Breath Challenge!


Arc Samples reps the West with this pack that blends the crisp synth leads, low-end grit, lush strings, bright pianos, knockin' kicks and thunderous hand claps that smack you across the face.
West Coast Avenue has all the tools you need to make a banger. Perfect for those period pieces for film/TV or maybe add a new twist to your standard trap beats. Download some inspiration today.


text:
Stage Door Canteen encounter changes a young navigator's direction
By Michael Smythe
New Zealand Design Historian
Gifford Jackson c.1944, aged 22 in his RAF uniform.
Image supplied to author by Gifford Jackson. Image may be subject to copyright restrictions.
"Haere mai, Kiwi!" Surprised RAF trainee navigator, Gifford Jackson, turns round and meets New York Stage Door Canteen hostess Virginia Beach who has recognised the New Zealand flashes on his uniform. Next day they meet for lunch in the basement of the Rockefeller Centre — at the Down Under restaurant adorned with a frieze featuring Australasian imagery.
This story involves purpose, curiosity, intuition and serendipity (essential attributes for a professional designer) — and a little uncharacteristic subterfuge.
But first, the backstory …
Alban Gifford Jackson's pathway to this life-changing moment in New York began with a boyhood in Devonport, Auckland, where messing about with boats down at Torpedo Bay was the recreation of choice.
Gifford soon began making his own model boats — from yachts to three-masted schooners, and dinghies to battleships — the naval base was nearby. His first close encounter with aircraft was at Takapuna beach in January 1933. One guinea (£1.1/-) bought the nine-year-old a 15-minute flight aboard Charles Kingsford Smith's Fokker tri-motor monoplane Southern Cross.
Gifford Jackson at Torpedo Bay with younger brothers Gainor Jr and Phillip and a model yacht made by their father; 1931. (The recently completed Auckland Museum is visible directly above the mast the Gifford is holding.)
Image supplied to author by Gifford Jackson. No known copyright restrictions.
Having inherited his father's artistic skills (Gainor Snr won top marks in New Zealand for drawing when he was at Auckland Grammar School) Gifford gained his first professional commission in 1936. His decal design was applied to a dinner service — probably supplied by the family wholesale merchant business F.E. Jackson and Company — for the New Zealand ketch Golden Hind. Also when aged 14, he built his first sailing dinghy. In 1937 he wrote and illustrated his first article, 'Some Common Rigs for Sailing Vessels', for The New Zealand Yachtsman, and designed his 18ft Mermerus sailing boat to the M-class rules. He and his father built it under the family home at 1 Jubilee Avenue.
Gifford Jackson's first design commission, 1936, aged 14.
As an A-stream student at Takapuna Grammar, Gifford gained University Entrance a year earlier than normal. After work experience with W.S. Laurie Ltd he began a civil engineering draughting cadetship with the Public Works Department. His father's enquiries about how to channel his son's skills and love of boats into a career path led to an offer from the Henry Robb shipyard in Leith, Edinburgh. He would combine learning on the job during spring and summer with studying naval architecture at the University of Glasgow over the autumn and winter months.
Gifford set off for Great Britain aboard MV Rangitata in August 1939. On 3 September New Zealand signed-up to Britain's war against Hitler's Germany. Upon reaching Jamaica, MV Rangitata joined a trans-Atlantic merchant ship convoy. Passengers were assigned wartime duties — 17-year-old Gifford stood watch atop a dummy funnel looking out for German U-boats.
When he reached Scotland, Gifford checked in at Henry Robb's shipyard and enjoyed a tour before moving on to Glasgow where he 'matriculated' into the University. The student digs were at Macklay Hall beside Kelvingrove Park. The River Kelvin runs past the university laboratory in which William Thomson determined the correct value of absolute zero — one of the reasons he was made Lord Kelvin in 1892, and the reason for the American 'Kelvinator' refrigerator brand name. Gifford was unaware at that time that his future career path would involve that brand, although he did 'haunt' the libraries of Glasgow and Edinburgh to learn all he could about the emergent profession of industrial design. He became aware of the work that Walter Dorwin Teague, Raymond Loewy, Donald Deskey and Norman Bel Geddes had been doing to boost consumer spending, thus help the USA economy grow out of the Great Depression.
Lord Kelvin statue Situated in Kelvingrove Park
Chris Downer, Glasgow: Lord Kelvin statue, CC BY-SA 2.0
At university Gifford made friends with Sten Gauguin, the Norwegian grandson of Paul Gauguin. He was drawn to optimistic discussions about the 'brave new world' that could emerge from the deprivation and destruction of war. The work experience at Henry Robb's design loft in Leith confronted him with the urgent need to repair damaged vessels and build new ones.
By 1943 Gifford felt the need to enlist despite not having completed the course. The navy was not chosen for two reasons — he was prone to seasickness and he reasoned that being shot down would be a faster death than drowning — so he took night classes in air navigation. The experience of joining the RAF was full of contrasts — assembly line health checks, utilitarian clothing and stodgy food on one hand; accommodation in a luxury St John's Wood apartment on the other.
Initial training was in Brighton and Torquay. After the troopship Andes — with twenty men per four-person cabin — took them to Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, they took a train to Canada under instructions to stay aboard to avoid US immigration requirements. Gifford was treated to tantalising glimpses of Washington's Capitol and Pentagon, then New York's busy subway stations and Empire State building. Training continued at Rivers, Manitoba and, in due course, trainee A.G. Jackson took his place at a navigating table aboard an Arvo Anson aeroplane.
Gifford Jackson studying at the University of Glasgow.
It was 1944 by the time Gifford had completed nine months of experiential learning, flying over the Manitoba plains, and had earned his navigator's brevet. Contemplating their final leave, a group hatched an illicit plan to get themselves to New York City. Rebellious behaviour was atypical of Gifford but the lure of NYC, and the possibility that this may be his one chance in a truncated lifetime, proved the stronger force. Special leave forms were 'appropriated' from the orderly room and apparent permission to enter the United States materialised. When a sceptical immigration officer came to check the papers, the train lights happened to black out. Under flashlight examination they were deemed convincing enough. In New York City the lads settled into $2-a-night YMCA rooms and 'hit the town'.
The immersive Broadway experience included movies at the 3664 seat Paramount Theatre which came with swing band entertainment during the interval. Virtuoso vibraphonist Lionel Hampton and his sextet, with backing singer Dinah Washington, was a highlight. At the Radio City Music Hall — with its famous Art Deco lobby designed by Donald Deskey in 1931 — live broadcasts featured large choirs, famous opera singers and the 36 Rockettes 'moving as one dancer'. In Times Square Gifford was particularly impressed by the Bond clothing store with a Deskey designed interior evoking the style of modern ocean liners. But it was that visit to the Stage Door Canteen — off Broadway in a West 44th St basement — that created the life-changing connection.
A Barney Tobey Stage Door Canteen postcard cartoon captioned: 'Stars of stage, screen, radio, vaudeville and music worlds provide food, dancing and entertainment to service men — all free nightly'.
Soldiers Museum, Keith W. Lillywhite Collection Image may be subject to copyright restrictions.
Gifford's friendship with hostess Virginia Beach seemed closer than her role required … but there were duties to fulfil. From the base in Canada, the trainees were shipped back to the blackouts, bombings and rationing of Britain at war.
From Llandwrog airfield in North Wales the flights over the Irish Sea encountered conditions more turbulent than over the prairies of Manitoba and Gifford suffered some airsickness. Attempts to hide it were unsuccessful so, to his deep disappointment, he was classified 'not suited to operations'. Relegation to RAF Stores duty did not appeal so he applied for repatriation to New Zealand — a faster route home than the demobilisation. He was issued with civilian clothing, ten pounds (stolen on his last night) and a ticket to board the MV Ruahine. The two-month journey at eight knots included a tantalising pause at New York City to pick up families and war brides. After arriving in Wellington he took the overnight train to Auckland and a ferry to Devonport, then hoisted his kitbag to his shoulder and walked along King Edward Parade to Jubilee Avenue — to the surprise and delight of his family. On 9 May 1945 he joined in the VE Day celebrations.
As the end was in sight for the war in the Pacific, the RNZAF had no need of new recruits. Gifford was released to 'Civvy Street' but job opportunities for a budding naval architect were non-existent in Auckland. His father had a chat to Woolf Fisher — the Fisher & Paykel office was in the Gane Building on Anzac Avenue, over the road from F.E. Jackson and Co — and Gifford commenced work as a design draughtsman under Charlie Yockney, an architect/engineer, and Hylton Meikle, head of commercial refrigeration. Drawing talent and naval architectural training gave Gifford confidence to pursue his real passion — industrial design. Seeking ways to develop his skills, he talked to A.J.C. (Archie) Fisher, head of the Elam School of Art, and Vernon Brown at the School of Arcitecture — who advised him to go to America and absorb the culture.
Sparrow Industrial Pictures Ltd. 1946. Campbell House, with window display of Kelvinator refrigerators. AWMM. PH-NEG-1910H.
Copyright undetermined - untraced rights holder
The factory, in Beach Road at the foot of Parnell Rise, was undertaking 'screw-driver' assembly of Kelvinator refrigerators and Whiteway washing machines. When the office moved to Campbell House on the corner of Lorne and Rutland Streets, Gifford was able to pursue his love of modern dance music and jazz at the Peter Pan Cabaret on the top floor.
As well as contributing to the development of domestic appliances, he designed refrigerated display cabinets, commercial refrigeration plants and interior layouts for milk bars and appliance showrooms.
Presentation drawing of an appliance showroom for A.H. Nathan, 1946.
Meanwhile Gifford continued corresponding with Virginia Beach who persuaded him to apply for entry to the US and asked her father to sponsor him. GI war brides took priority on New Zealand's 100-person immigration quota so, while spending a year on the waiting list, he moved on from Fisher & Paykel in early 1949 to work with ex-RNZAF engineer Dennis Davis at D.J. Davis Ltd. They designed enlargers, microfilm readers and cine film processing equipment.
In August 1949 Gifford exhibited work with the newly-formed Design Guild on the first floor of the Edson Building in Queen Street alongside architects, furniture designers, craft makers, commercial artists and photographers. A newspaper article mentioned his Stingray anchor, which 'will lie flat on a deck, will not foul on its warp and will always bite when lowered'.
When he finally migrated to America, Gifford's transport choices eloquently reflected his progress from naval architect to industrial designer. The journey began in October 1949 aboard RMS Aorangi — designed c.1923 by Percy Hillhouse, Gifford's professor in Glasgow. In Honolulu he transfered to a Boeing Stratocruiser — a refitted B36 bomber with a two-deck interior designed by the Walter Dorwin Teague office with a bomb bay converted into an elegant cocktail lounge. A state-of-the-art TWA transcontinental Lockheed Constellation airliner took him from Los Angeles to New York via Chicago.
Hospitably based at the Beach family home in Montclair, New Jersey, Gifford made forays into Manhattan to present his portfolio at any design office willing to meet him. When told that his work was not quite up to the New York standard, he re-worked his drawings and fitted them into a satchel designed for 45rpm records. Despite the economic recession at that time, his innovative approach and persistence paid off — 'sophisticated New Yorker' Carl Otto said, "You're not from just around the corner are you!" and gave him a job.
1952 Emmerson Air Conditioner. Image kindly supplied to author by Gifford Jackson. Image may be subject to copyright restrictions.
The rhythm of being hired and 'let go' reflected the fluctuating workload at competing studios. Gifford's employers included International Plainfield Motors, makers of Mack truck engines; Donald Deskey Associates in the Rockefeller Centre (designers of the Radio City Music Hall); Norman Bel Geddes, the 'P.T. Barnum' of industrial design, and Peter Schladermundt Associates.
At Donald Deskey Associates Gifford worked with Pete Thomson to design an Emmerson air conditioning unit that was to take centre screen between Tom Ewell and Marilyn Monroe in the 1955 movie Seven Year Itch.
In 1954 Gifford received a telegram inviting him to attend an interview at the Walter Dorwin Teague office (designers of the Boeing Stratocruiser interior refit). Teague, known as 'the Dean of American industrial design', advocated a design philosophy of 'timeless understatement' — in contrast to the slick streamlining of the equally large Raymond Loewy office.
Gifford's many Teague projects, completed over ten years at the Madison Avenue office, incuded an American Standard washbasin and bathtub (presented in a mocked-up bathroom complete with tiles, towels and soap), a Ritter dental x-ray machine and a dental lamp (presented in a fully mocked-up dentist's room — the product appeared in the 1969 movie Cactus Flower starring Walter Matthau as a dentist and Ingrid Bergman as his assistant), the model 525 Mimeograph for A B Dick , an electric blanket control for Fieldcrest Mills, refrigerators for Servel, and a gas range for Roper.
American Standard washbasin, A.B. Dick Mimeograph, Fieldcrest Mills electic blanket control, designed by Gifford Jackson at Walter Dorwin Teague Associates.
Images supplied to the author by Gifford Jackson. Image may be subject to copyright restrictions.
In 1960 Gifford took a month's leave to visit his family at home. The comparative quiet was enticing but he could see little prospect of progressing his design career here. He was not aware that the New Zealand Society of Industrial Designers (NZSID) had just been established and it would be a year or two before industrial design made an explicit appearance in our tertiary education curricula.
A significant legacy of Giford's 17 years as part of the American industrial design scene was his astute commentary on American styling. In 1954, the year he became a member of the Society of Industrial Designers, he presented a well received slide lecture to the New York chapter showing examples of styling clichés he had observed since arriving in the US. Walter Dorwin Teague descibed it as 'salutary …' When his illustrated article 'Design styles and clichés' was published in the September 1962 issue of Industrial Design magazine it won an award (for the magazine). An updated version of that article was published in the March 1970 edition of the New Zealand Industrial Design Council magazine Designscape.
Pastel renderings on velum were Gifford's forte. He put this skill to good use with the 'Clichés in Industrial Design, Do-it-yourself Schmalz Kit' he conceptualised for his evolving slide lecture.
'Clichés in Industrial Design, Do-it-yourself Schmalz Kit'
By 1964 Gifford felt ready to make the brave move to private practice — from an apartment/office on the 14th floor of a new building at 245 East 63rd Street. Among a range of clients was the General Gilbert Corporation in North Salem, Connecticut for whom he designed housings for manual adding machines and a telephone. One of the Vice-Presidents, Alex Young, was a New Zealander.
On one hand, life in New York City in the mid-1960s was sophisticated, culturally enriching and very design-aware. On the other hand, it was brash, tough, noisy, grimy and dangerous (think West Side Story). The stress had taken its toll on some of Gifford's friends, so when his parents offered accommodation at the family home with a front room as his studio he succumbed to the tug. NZSID had been growing for six years, tertiary industrial design courses were into their fifth year, and an Industrial Design Act to set up a Design Council had just been passed in parliament. It was time to contribute his experience to his home country.
Gifford Jackson's design studio at 1 Jubille Avenue, Devonport, c.1970.
What Devonport could look like by Gifford Jackson. Original ink pen drawing on drafting film. PD-2017-20
All Rights Reserved, Estate of A. Gifford Jackson.
Doing justice to Gifford Jackson's 1966 to 2003 consultant design output from his Jubille Avenue studio would require a whole other story. A tantalising glimpse would include products that will seem familiar to many Kiwis. One of his first clients was Fisher & Paykel, who had absorbed H.E. Shacklock by then, and had established a sister company Allied Industries.
1967 styling studies for a Shacklock range and Fisher & Paykel refrigerator door handles (not manufactured); Allied Industries AP81 portable radio, manufactured 1967, and one of many Allied Industries stereo units.
Images supplied to the author by Gifford Jackson. Images may be subject to copyright restrictions.
The Feltonmix shower was hugely popular — especially for motels — and the Ultimate reflector toaster/griller was great for open toasted sandwiches. For R.L. Bowden, Gifford designed the handle of the Sabre eggbeater, and salt and pepper shakers with slide-off metal caps making them easier than most to fill.
Feltonmix shower unit, 1969; Ultimate toaster/griller, 1967; R.L. Bowden eggbeater and condiment shakers.
Images supplied to author by Gifford Jackson. Images may be subject to copyright restrictions.
In 1994 a Mr Farrelly, CEO of Biro BiC (NZ) commissioned Gifford to design a flat-pack filing tray, which was tooled and moulded in Auckland. In the spirit of the open market economy that had been operating for nearly a decade, it was aimed at a global market. Strangely, Biro BiC HQ in France were dismissive — the trays only sold in New Zealand and Australia. 25 years later they are still a stock item.
Paper Tray, designed by Gifford Jackson. Auckland Museum 2017.92.10
Auckland Museum CC-BY
Finally, a 'what if' story …
When Mayor Robbie initiated the Auckland Rapid Transit (ART) project advice was sought from 'overseas expert' Michael Robbins, managing director of London Transport (Railways) and chairman of its design committee. In 1974, he recommended the inclusion of an industrial designer on the project team and Gifford was selected. His pastel renderings of exterior and interior concepts for the rolling stock enabled the client, the media and the public to clearly envisage what was under consideration — and 45 years on they still feel contemporary. Although funds had been allocated by the Labour government, the project rapidly ground to a halt in 1975 when the newly-elected Muldoon-led National government abandoned the project.
Exterior and interior concept design drawings for the Auckland Rapid Transit project, 1974.
Images supplied to the author by Gifford Jackson.Images now held by the Museum of Transport and Technology
Gifford received the highest recognition from his peers when the Designers Institute of New Zealand (formerly NZSID) gave him the 1998 John Britten Award for Design Leadership. In 2013 The Depot Artspace in Devonport mounted a survey exhibition entitled 'Gifford Jackson: New Zealand Industrial Design Pathfinder' curated by Michael Smythe, who also wrote and published a book with the same title. On the 2013 Queen's Birthday Honours list, Gifford was made an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit (ONZM) for services to design.
Gifford had thought he and Virginia might marry — but she chose another. The 'dapper' bachelor was an uncle to four devoted nieces who have done much to ensure his legacy is preserved. Known fondly by colleagues as 'the Godfather of New Zealand Industrial Design', he was 93 when he died on 30 October 2015.
Michael Smythe, Gifford Jackson, Governor General Sir Jerry Mataparae, and Gifford's girlfriend Beryl Tatton at the investiture in September 2013.
Gifford Jackson Collection
Displaying 1 - 6 of 23 records
List Compact Grid
Gifford Phillip Gainor Jackson
Unknown, Photographer
Type: Library / Pictorial › photographyContributor: Unknown, PhotographerID: InvestigateDescription: Casual outdoors, three children
Type: Object / Artefact › Applied Arts and DesignDate: 15 Sep 2017Contributor: Gifford JacksonID: 2017.92.27Description: portable radio, black plastic and metal, with handle at top and dials at proper left hand side.
Type: Object / Artefact › Applied Arts and DesignDate: 15 Sep 2017Contributor: Gifford JacksonPlace: New ZealandID: 2017.92.3Description: Ranch slider door handle with faux woodgrain finish. Black metal fittings on reverse.
Type: Object / Artefact › Applied Arts and DesignDate: 15 Sep 2017Contributor: Gifford JacksonPlace: New ZealandID: 2017.92.28Description: cream china plate with central circular decal of sailing ship at sea and "GOLDEN HIND" printed under ship. Cracked and repaired.
electric blanket control switch
Type: Object / Artefact › Applied Arts and DesignDate: 1990sContributor: Gifford JacksonPlace: New ZealandID: 2017.92.4Description: Electric blanket control for Fieldcrest Mills, WDTA. White plastic with gold surround. Numbered control on one side. Central window shows setting. Crown logo beneath this.
coffin handle
[1980s]
Type: Object / Artefact › Applied Arts and DesignDate: [1980s]Contributor: Gifford JacksonID: 2017.92.24Description: single coffin handle, silver metal colour plastic. Rod set into two protrusions on base of handle, which features a gold coloured floral emblem.
We have more objects related to this topic. View them all.
The Documentary Heritage Team is in the process of arranging, cataloguing and rehousing Gifford Jackson's extensive Industrial Design Archive, comprising documents related to his life and career, including over 1000 design drawings, 900 photographs. The papers, drawings and photographs within the collection cover his entire career, from his time spent in the United States designing for American corporations, to his work back in New Zealand in latter years. Access to this material is currently restricted while it is arranged and appropriately rehoused and catalogued, though it is our hope to make this material available soon.
Smythe Michael. (2013).Gifford Jackson: New Zealand industrial design pathfinder.
Gifford Jackson - Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
Gifford Jackson: Cultural Icons.
Michael Smythe, MDM, Dip ID, Life DINZ, first met Gifford Jackson in 1967 at Fisher & Paykel. Michael had joined the staff as a Wellington Polytechnic industrial design graduate and Gifford, recently returned from the US, was consulting to the company. Their robust arguments in the drawing office of the Development Division formed the basis of an enjoyable and enduring competitive/collegial relationship. Alongside his professional practice, Michael has written extensively about New Zealand design in magazines like Designscape and ProDesign. His first book, New Zealand by Design: a history of New Zealand product design (Random House NZ) won Best First Book of Non-Fiction at the 2012 New Zealand Post Book Awards. His second book, Gifford Jackson: New Zealand industrial design pathfinder (Creationz Consultants) was published in 2013 in conjunction with an exhibition of the same name at The Depot Artspace, Devonport. His third book, Design Generation: how Peter Haythornthwaite shaped New Zealand's design-led enterprise (Rim Books) was published in 2018 in conjunction with a major survey exhibition at Objectspace, Auckland.
Thank you to Michael Smythe for writing this article on Gifford Jackson.
Smythe, Michael. Stage Door Canteen encounter changes a young navigator's direction . Auckland War Memorial Museum - Tāmaki Paenga Hira. First published: 28 October 2020. Updated: 30 October 2020.
URL: www.aucklandmuseum.com/war-memorial/online-cenotaph/features/Jackson


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Al Salibikhaet Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Sulaibikhat, Kuwait.  It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Al Salibikhaet.  The stadium holds 7,000 people.

References

External links
Stadium information

Football venues in Kuwait

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Waiting in line for a chance to become a U.S. citizen is easier said than done. For some, there is no line to wait in. For others, the wait could stretch to 160 years.
Arlet waits in line to present her passport and visa to a U.S. immigration officer at a border checkpoint in El Paso.
When former Texas Governor Rick Perry says "if you wanna be a citizen – go get in the line – pay the dues, pay the time – just like everybody else has done before you," it really raises the question: where is the line?
Michele Waslin is with the American Immigration Council, a policy research organization based in Washington D.C.
There may be no line at all for some – but as many as three lines for others. The first one?
"Let's look at the family immigration system," Waslin says.
That's where U.S. citizens and green card holders can apply for visas for close family members – such as their kids, spouse or siblings.
The second line is for jobs.
"Employers in the U.S. can petition for workers to come to the United States but there are limited categories of workers who can be admitted," Waslin says.
This is the line where companies like Google wait to fill vacancies. Also standing in that line are construction companies and nanny services. Every year, the U.S. awards 5,000 visas to unskilled workers. But, of course that's vastly insufficient. Any large city in Texas employs more than 5,000 unskilled immigrant workers, between nannies, cooks and tree trimmers.
The third line is for refugees.
"A person outside the country can't just sign up on some line and get in line for a visa," Waslin says.
If that's all there is – if there are no other lines, then perhaps our rhetoric needs to change.
But while we're on the topic – I wonder – what happens to the lucky few who are able to get into one of the three lines that do exist?
Well, they wait. And wait – often as though trapped in a bizarre dream where they're in line with millions and the line hardly ever moves.
"The way we gauge how long someone in a particular category might have to wait is by looking at how backlogged that category is and then gauging the rate of speed that it advanced the previous year," Lincoln-Goldfinch says.
As an example, let's say immigration authorities are currently reviewing visa applications submitted back in March 1996. And a year ago, they reviewed applications from just a month prior – February 1996.
"What that tells you is that the category advanced forward only 30 days," Lincoln-Goldfinch says. "And so, siblings of U.S. citizens who are from Mexico are currently more than 20 years backlogged but they're moving at such a slow rate of speed that it could take 160 years for that category to become current – which needless to say – is longer than a lifetime," she says.
More than 160 years and still people continue to get in line.
But what if the end is not 40 years in the future but 160?


I'd like to reserve a table for three.
We'll come around eight o'clock.
I'd like to reserve a table for two at seven tonight.
We'd like a table with a view of garden.
I'm sorry, but I have to cancel my reservation.
I'd like some local wine.
I'd like appetizers and meat(fish) dish.
全熟(一分熟/三分熟/五分熟/七分熟/全熟)。(这里小编用了奇数来翻译,习惯用偶数的小伙伴按照自己的习惯就好)Well done (rare/medium rare/medium/medium well),please.
I'd like a dessert, please.
My order hasn't come yet.
We'd like to pay separately.
I'd like roast beef with Swiss cheese,tomato,and lettuce.


text:
Obama names Turkish PM Erdoğan among trusted friends
ISTANBUL- Hürriyet Daily News
Turkey and US relations visibly improved in 2011, reflected by the Obama-Erdoğan friendship, despite strained relations between US ally Israel and Turkey. AP photo
U.S. President Barack Obama named Turkey's Recep Tayyip Erdoğan among the five leaders that he has established relations based on confidence, in an interview with Time.
In an interview with Fareed Zakaria, the Editor-at-Large of Time magazine, Obama named Turkish PM Erdoğan, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, South Korean President Lee Myung-bak, and British Prime Minister David Cameron among leaders that he was able to forge "bonds of trust."
Responding to a question on whether his style of diplomacy was "very cool and aloof," and that he does not "pal around" with his counterparts, Obama said that the "friendships and the bonds of trust" that he has been able to forge with a whole range of leaders is "precisely, or is a big part of, what has allowed us to execute effective diplomacy."
"I think that if you ask them, Angela Merkel or Prime Minister Singh or President Lee or Prime Minister Erdogan or David Cameron would say, we have a lot of trust and confidence in the President," Time quoted the U.S. President as saying. "That's part of the reason we've been able to forge these close working relationships and gotten a whole bunch of stuff done."
Obama noted that the U.S. alliances with NATO, Japan, South Korea, our its close military cooperation with countries like Israel have "never been stronger."
"In the United Nations, not only do we have a voice, but we have been able to shape an agenda," Obama said. "And in the fastest-growing regions of the world, in emerging markets, in the Asia-Pacific region ... countries are once again looking to the United States for leadership."
Recep Tayyip Erdogan, USA,
Turkey's basketball superstars to meet in showdown
Suicide bombing kills three, wounds over 20 in Somalia
US, Pakistani top diplomats talks Afghan cooperation
French police evacuate Macron from theatre amid protest
Shares transfer of JCR Eurasia completed, says rating agency statement
Turkey's national credit agency, Japan Credit Agency (JCR) Eurasia, has determined its board members, according to a statement released by the agency on Jan. 17.
The 24 best athletes of the ING Basketball Süper Lig are set to enjoy the ING All-Star game festivities in Istanbul that kick off on Jan. 19.


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It has been said that "A bar of iron costs around $5. Made into horseshoes it's worth is $12, made into needles its worth is $3,500, made into balance springs for watches, it's worth is $300,000." The value of steel to humankind over the millennia has been immense.
As its raw material (iron ore) is abundant throughout the earth, steel is copiously manufactured around the world into sheets and bars of numerous alloys for myriad applications. In this commodity form, its value fluctuates with economic and market forces. Converted to precision instruments or architectural masterpieces, it's material value becomes priceless.
The point here is that understanding the metallurgy and the properties behind different grades of steel adds tremendous value when designing any type of steel application. Whether for "red iron" building construction or a grand staircase with ornamental rails gracing the finest custom home in your portfolio, specifying the right kinds of steel is fundamental to a successful project.
Why use steel instead of more exquisite metals?
Just to be clear, we love to work with bronze and other metals when called for and don't want to sound like steel industry advocates. We can all be thankful for what steel has enabled humankind to accomplish over the millennia. And it isn't the existence or discovery of steel but the knowledge of how to use it that has made possible everything from architectural wonders to space flight. Let's explore how this relates to our work with architectural metals.
Dollar for dollar, steel's properties are unmatched by other materials for strength and other manufacturability characteristics. Alloyed in various ways, steel can be made harder and stiffer or more bendable and malleable while maintaining very high tensile strength. It can also be made extremely corrosion resistant ("stainless") for marine, severe weather and other harsh environment uses. We should also mention that steel can be finished and polished to sparkle and shine or even reflect like a mirror.
Make steel conform to your desired aesthetic look.
The right choice of material for your job makes all the difference in how successful the final outcome will be. A prime example is knowing when to use either hot rolled or cold rolled steel and it depends on a few factors including the finished look you want.
Are you looking for either an industrial or a rustic look? Hot rolled steel is generally a better choice with it's rougher finish. If you want a more modern look with more crisp and precise edges or finer finishes, cold rolled steel will work best.
You also need to know the differences in finishing techniques for hot and cold rolled steel. Hot rolled material often needs to be sandblasted before finishing, while cold rolled material may be sanded only or sandblasted. This choice can make a big difference when powder coating, electrostatic plating, electroplating, or applying a patina finish.
Very often, different building components are manufactured from bars and plate from different sources that must be mated and have the same look and finish. As you can see, understanding how to "dress" the different steel parts to aesthetically match is critically important in architectural, miscellaneous and ornamental metal work.
Now let's take a close look at the major differences between hot and cold rolled steel.
Cold rolled steel is processed further in reduction mills where the metal is cooled at approximately room temperature. This is followed by what's called annealing or "tempers rolling" which produces steel with tighter dimensional tolerances and broader options for surface finishes. For aesthetics and precision, cold rolled materials offer several advantages.
The products boast a finer surface finish.
Cold rolled metal is superior in precision tolerances, concentricity and straightness.
Use cold rolled for areas where tight tolerances, polished surfaces and fine edges are required.
To sum up our thoughts on working with architectural steel, we offer this. Think about why steel has only increased in use over the centuries as the choice material in industry, from railroad tracks and I-beams to precision motion devices and tiny spring mechanisms. Then use your imagination to use steel in diversified ways to help strengthen and distinguish your most inspired designs.


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Video / Video services
Is Omniverse Sourcing Video Feeds From DirecTV?
The Bauminator
Jeff Baumgartner, Senior Editor, Light Reading
The rabbit hole of Omniverse One World Television continues to wind and weave itself into some weird, strange and interesting places. Is one of those places DirecTV?
Recent evidence seems to suggest that there's a linkage between Omniverse and DirecTV somewhere along the chain, and that the specifics of this situation are occurring unbeknownst to the satellite TV service provider.
As a quick recap, Omniverse is under attack by the Alliance for Creativity and Entertainment (ACE), a legal consortium backed by several major US programmers, studios and OTT video providers. ACE recently fired a suit at Omniverse alleging that the company is violating copyright rules by distributing TV channels and other content to a wide range of partners that offer relatively cheap OTT-delivered pay-TV services "powered" by Omniverse. Examples of those services include TikiLive, VivaLiveTV, Flixon, SkyStream, Clikia and Silicon Dust's HDHomeRun Premium TV offering.
The lawsuit alleges that Omniverse is serving as the "hub," while the OTT-TV services represent the "spokes" in this allegedly illegal arrangement. (See Big Programmers & Studios Bring Hammer Down on Omniverse and What Is Comcast Doing With VivaLiveTV? )
A vexing question not answered in the ACE complaint is Omniverse's specific role as the hub. Where is it sourcing its video feeds from, and what kind of distribution rights does it have, or believes it has? ACE has been asked if it can offer further detail about this part of the allegations.
In the wake of the ACE-led lawsuit, Kansas City, Mo.-based Omniverse issued a statement that it "disagrees with the substance and the specifics" of the complaint, and that it "intends to engage quickly and constructively with the plaintiffs and their legal counsel to resolve their concerns with Omniverse's business... It is our belief that when this process is complete, that both sides will be satisfied with the outcome." But Omniverse didn't spell out how it sources its content and what distribution rights it believes it has. We've reached out to Omniverse's lawyers to get some additional answers, but they have not returned multiple phone calls. (See Omniverse Will 'Engage Quickly' to Resolve ACE-Led Copyright Allegations .)
Per some reporting by Cord Cutter News in October 2018, Omniverse CEO Jason DeMeo claimed to have some kind of magical rights deal that enables Omniverse to sub-lease those rights to its various OTT-TV partners. DeMeo, the report added, acknowledged then that Omniverse had received cease and desist notices, but they were dropped and never reached the courts after Omniverse presented the contract in question.
DeMeo wouldn't provide the online pub with any specific details about the contract, but claimed that there are two others like it in the US that he was pursuing, and feared that providing any more info might enable others to figure out how to track them down. Not only does that sound strange and implausible, but, given the ACE-led lawsuit, it's also clear that there are programmers, studios and other content-owners that strongly disagree with what DeMeo appears to be asserting. And if its existing claims on that crazy-sounding license are legitimate, one would think Omniverse could simply present this to ACE and rapidly resolve the legal issue hanging over its head.
Is Omniverse linked to a 'bulk' TV deal somewhere in the chain?
I've been asking around about Omniverse in recent weeks in an attempt to figure out where it is sourcing its TV feeds. Based on the information I've received and dug up so far, the working theory is that Omniverse is basing itself on some sort of MDU (multiple-dwelling unit) bulk video deal that comes way of a satellite TV provider or an affiliate of a satellite provider that would normally be used to deliver TV services to apartment buildings, college campuses or some other type of MDU.
Based on that theory, it would follow that Omniverse has created a headend of sorts that converts bulk TV signals into OTT streams that are relayed to Omnivere's pay-TV service partners further downstream (like SkyStream or VivaLiveTV), which then repackage them into the individual offerings that they end up marketing and selling. If that's the case, it's also very likely that if the video is coming the way of a satellite TV provider, that the satellite operator is unaware that its video feeds are being used and distributed in this manner.
Another source familiar with Omniverse told me that DeMeo claimed several years ago to have acquired the programming rights for its older Omnibox service (the company once tried to sell a direct-to-consumer OTT-TV service via its own branded streaming device) through Dish TV agreements, with Omniverse using those rights as a third party. I asked Dish about that and they denied that they have anything to do with Omniverse.
But if Omniverse has somehow attached itself to a bulk video contract somewhere down the line, it could explain why its OTT-TV partners are able to sell big packages of TV services at relatively low prices.
For example, TikiLive, one of Omniverse's partners, sells a Premium package of almost 80 channels, including feeds from ABC, CBS, Fox, NBC, FX and ESPN (the most expensive national cable channel in the US), for just $29.99 a month. Among other examples, Clikia's Cable Stream package fetches $31.95 per month for a lineup of 64 channels, and SkyStream has a Premium+ offering for $65 per month with 70-plus live channels, support for up to five simultaneous streams, a 50-hour DVR, and premium networks that include HBO, Cinemax and Showtime. SkyStream even has a grid to show how its service stacks up against competitive virtual MVPD services:
Multiple people familiar with the economics of bulk TV agreements note that such deals are built on wholesale pricing that is somewhere between 40% to 60% less than what consumers would pay if they were getting service directly from a pay-TV provider. The wholesale/bulk rate is lower because it's based on delivering service to 100% of the units in the MDU (video usually is baked into the rent). The margins on the bulk rate pricing are also aided by the fact that there are fewer operational expenses involved -- for instance, there are no truck rolls, no billing, no collections on bad debt headaches to grapple with, and no (or very little) marketing.
"You're paying a smaller license fee, but it's based on 100% occupancy," a source familiar with bulk video agreements explained.
And if there is some sort of bulk video angle occurring in the Omniverse scenario, that might remind some of the competitive challenges the cable industry once faced from a group of unscrupulous SMATV (satellite-master-antenna TV) operators that served a pocket of the MDU market. There was a time when certain SMATV operators -- typically comprised of small mom-and-pop apartment building owners looking to make a few extra bucks -- would buy one satellite TV subscription and connect the receiver to a mini-headend that would serve video to each of their tenants. In turn, the apartment manager would pocket additional video-related fees from each of their individual renters. It wasn't a pervasive thing, but the problem became sizable enough that the satellite TV providers eventually stepped in to clean that up.
Next page: Say hello to DirecTV's bouncing logo
briansoloducha,
3/5/2019 | 3:25:33 PM
Re: To come; More from Omniverse's side
Thank you for this reporting. I find it very very intriguing.
Jeff Baumgartner,
To come; More from Omniverse's side
Jason DeMeo, CEO of Omniverse, reached out to me today and had quite a bit to say. We'll have a lot more to share from his point of view on this situation soon. One thing I will note is that he says Omniverse does have a joint venture with a private cable company that, he says, has a long-term bulke-style video deal with DirecTV. He is also steadfast in the position that Omniverse is doing everything legal per the terms of the contract. More to come... JB
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text:
(5190) Fry – planetoida z pasa głównego planetoid.

Odkrycie i nazwa
Została odkryta 16 października 1990 roku przez Seijiego Uedę i Hiroshiego Kanedę w obserwatorium astronomicznym w Kushiro. Nazwa pochodzi od Stephena Frya (ur. 1957), brytyjskiego aktora, komika, pisarza i reżysera. Przed nadaniem nazwy planetoida nosiła oznaczenie tymczasowe (5190) 1990 UR2.

Orbita
(5190) Fry obiega Słońce w średniej odległości 3,14 j.a. w czasie 5 lat i 211 dni.

Zobacz też
 lista planetoid 5001–6000
 lista ponumerowanych planetoid

Bibliografia

Linki zewnętrzne

Planetoidy pasa głównego
Nazwane planetoidy
Obiekty astronomiczne odkryte w 1990


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text:
virginia eubanks
adding page while awaiting her book (automating ineq) at library
on automating ineq
first recommend via Ethan(can't find that tweet – requested library purchase)..
then danah, ..
danah boyd (@zephoria) tweeted at 9:03 AM – 11 Jan 2018 :
Introducing algo systems into govt decision-making isn't inherently evil; in practice these tools often magnify inequities while seeking to redress them. Yesterday, I asked you to buy "Automating Inequality" (https://t.co/rhil9Flxa7) Here's more on why:
https://t.co/PvELrgF19Vhttps://t.co/W0au6l4CDv (http://twitter.com/zephoria/status/951484845670182913?s=17)
I don't know how Eubanks chose her title, but one of the subtle things about her choice is that she's (unintentionally?) offering a fantastic backronym for AI. Rather than thinking of AI as "artificial intelligence," Eubanks effectively builds the case for how we should think that AI often means "automating inequality" in practice.
then others..
Clive Thompson (@pomeranian99) tweeted at 7:55 AM – 15 Jan 2018 :
Terrific excerpt from "Automating Inequality" by @PopTechWorks: Here, she investigates how models to predict child abuse can be led astray by slender training data: https://t.co/lwZQ1iiTo9 (http://twitter.com/pomeranian99/status/952917217280131073?s=17)
At 4PM ET, @alondra & @JuliaAngwin will be leading a discussion with @PopTechWorks at @datasociety on her new book: "Automating Inequality." The livestream is here: https://t.co/hIRv3oZY65https://t.co/ciCJ72FMk0
Original Tweet: https://twitter.com/zephoria/status/953664223577563136
Virginia Eubanks is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University at Albany, SUNY. In addition to her latest book, Automating Inequality: How High-Tech Tools Profile, Police, and Punish the Poor, she is the author of Digital Dead End: Fighting for Social Justice in the Information Age and co-editor, with Alethia Jones, of Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me Around: Forty Years of Movement Building with Barbara Smith. For two decades, Eubanks has worked in community technology and economic justice movements. Today, she is a founding member of the Our Data Bodies Project and a Fellow at New America.
notes/quotes from livestream: @PopTechWorks @alondra & @JuliaAngwin
'Virginia has been doing work at intersection of inequality and tech' @zephoria intro
i'm calling it the new regime of data analytics…. thinking deeply about issues of data basis .. whatever
1\ history of tools 2\ starting from pov of those targeted by injustices
quick history lesson.. 1819 to today.. romp thru poverty policy in us.. one moment in this history – rise of digital poorhouse.. tools arrive in late 60s early 70s.. national welfare rights movement.. pushed for equal access to public resources.. by overturning discriminatory laws..solve problem.. w new set of digi techs.. see almost immediate drop in ability to access resources should have access.. at moment tools are integrated.. (before talks.. politics)
i tell 3 stories.. 1\ indiana.. 2\ electronic registry in la.. 3\ predictive model in pittsburgh..
1\ indiana.. 1.16 bn contract in 2006.. goal to automate all illegibility.. online forms.. replaced case based (local case worker) w task based.. (so online people responding to whatever task was next) pretty effective at breaking relationship between caseworkers and assistance.. about 1 mn apps denied.. in first year.. so badly that indiana broke contract w ibm.. then ibm sued and won.. story of amega young w cancer.. largely how people lost benefits.. 'failure to cooperate'.. usually missed appt.. or fill out all forms.. she died in 1 yr.. next day.. all her benefits restored..
3\ pittsburgh.. allegany family screening tool.. 1999.. human services commissioned large data warehouse.. in 2012 office released an rfp to ask folks to propose projects to mine the data.. contract went to international team of auckland.. basically a statistically regression.. not an ai.. based on 131 factors.. basically how it works..when call comes in .. interview caller.. then make decision on 1\ risk factor 2\ how safe they feel child is.. then get a risk score.. then make a decision whether or not to screen case in.. if score is high enough.. automatic trigger.. story of angel shephard and patrick.. had long list of calls for bad parenting.. each time case was closed.. angel: you feel like a prisoner .. trapped.. that they could take my daughter at any time .. creates challenges for solutions.. ie: uses inappropriate proxies.. limited data set.. only data ends up if you ask for help .. most challening.. what i call.. the best/worst case scenario.. 1\ they've done everything we've asked them to do.. caring people .. 2\ the design was participatory 3\ transparent 4\ publicly owned.. so ..
how do we respond when designers to everything we've asked them to and still ineq.. why are we still doing systems that produce ineq..
convo of three ladies
v: if we could lower barriers by integrating systems for people to access services.. that would be huge.. that said.. it is sometimes necessary to stay less visible in these systems to survive/thrive.. so problem w integration.. really easy to track you.. that hypervisibility really creates great harm.. a cycle that can criminalize them very quickly.. and very hard to get out..evidence that creates specific interventions also can be used to persecute..
j: the deserving war.. so much of this tech is about.. who is deserving and who is not.. the collective harm is actually the real harm
v: @Yascha_Mounk.. we spend all our time/money/energy.. trying to decide if you're poor.. rather than unleashing.. you
a: on people who know their behaviors are being accounted for in a numerical system
v: on the amazing stories of our movements ie: the panthers ..that take on survival problems.. by.. talking to people closest to the problems..
v: moving people from paranoia to power.. how do you do that political work.. goal is not.. don't try to ie: access food stamps.. so we talk to people a lot around self defense strategies.. people have brilliant strategies already being deployed.. they don't need experts.. have good instinct for what's happening..
q: trying to imagine an alt.. to ie: pittsburgh story.. why is algo worse.. than people
v: child protective services.. 75% involve neglect and not abuse.. they also tend to combine 2 things that would probably be better to be separated.. ie: get parents calling services on themselves…another ie: services say to landlord.. this is neglect.. need to fix it.. then parents in system.. so i think primary solution is to separate those two roles.. algo worse.. sees human decision making as black box we can't understand.. and sees computer as being open and transparent.. when it's just moved decision making to engineers.. so.. who has bias..i do think algo is worse because it hides bias and promotes bias we don't believe is true
a: hurts labor force too
j: diff is.. judge could be biased.. but systemizing bias is concrete
today we have the means to have no one play judge..let's do that
(tech) as it could be: 2 convos .. as the day
ie: hlb via 2 convos that io dance.. as the day..[aka: not part\ial.. for (blank)'s sake…].. a nother way
q: can any of us live under that surveillance.. i think i could live in a world where we all knew everything about everyone.. but it's not symmetric like that..
gershenfeld sel
v: if we build a world w contempt/hatred for poor people .. that's going to affect all of us
interconnectedness law
j: i went to germany and looked at stasi archives.. basically you see.. there's something on everyone.. they use that to flip you.. so incredibly corrosive to society.. that was way they used power.. to turn everyone on everyone else..
q: who's lined up to do the work to get us to the next point.. who is showing up.. how do we work around that..
v: my next project.. dual bio.. american poor people's movement.. folks are thinking about it.. but haven't done coalition movement to see that we have shared struggle.. that work is starting to happen.. i hope my book will push that.. ie: blm, police brutality.. think about policing in slightly diff way.. not just by law enforcement.. but in govt agencies.. 'the state doesn't need a cop to kill you' we have to start seeing state violence in places that attempt to serve you..
a: ally ship gets very complicated.. how to redefine that
v: guess what v.. everything you're asking us has nothing to do w our lives.. so got better questions.. ie: everybody tells us we have no access to tech.. that doesn't mean we have power.. so not .. do you have access.. but do you have power.. easy for this to be abstract.. but impossible.. when looking in ie: a prison
Clint Smith (@ClintSmithIII) tweeted at 6:08 PM – 17 Jan 2018 :
I don't think people fully appreciate how the public policy in this country actively makes the lives of poor people more difficult. (http://twitter.com/ClintSmithIII/status/953796298112688128?s=17)
CityLab (@CityLab) tweeted at 2:49 PM – 6 Feb 2018 :
When criminalizing the poor goes high-tech https://t.co/fTKYlF1bAEhttps://t.co/z1EtmuBvCM (http://twitter.com/CityLab/status/960993872112439298?s=17)
That distinction between the impotent and the able poor, which today we would talk about as "deserving" and "undeserving" poor, created a public assistance system that was more of a moral thermometer than a floor that was under everybody protecting their basic human rights.
I think of that as the deep social programming of all of the administrative public assistance systems that serve poor working-class communities. That social programming often shows up in invisible assumptions that drive the kind of automation of inequality that I talk about in the book.
it seems to me that you are stretching the boundaries of informed consent if access to a basic human needs like housing is in any way contingent on you filling out this form.
It's really important to understand that in the United States, 54 percent of us will be in poverty at some point in our lives between the ages of 25 and 60. Two-thirds of us will access a means-tested public program, which is just straight-up welfare. So, the reality is these systems are already a majority concern. [A study from 2015 shows that four out of five Americans will likely face "economic insecurity," at some point in their lives, which includes using a means-tested welfare program, experience poverty, or unemployment.]
You get a very different system if you design from a principle that says,"public service systems should be a floor underneath us all rather than a moral thermometer."
we often talk about these systems as like disruptors or as equalizers, at least in the cases that I research they really act more like intensifiers or amplifiers of the system we already have.
What I want to point out is that the decision that we don't have enough resources to help everyone and we have to triage? That we have to ration care? That is a political decision..t
One of the things I most fear about these systems is they allow us the emotional distance that's necessary to make what are inhuman decisions.
we are allowing these machines to make decisions that are too difficult for us to make as human beings. That's something that we really need to pay attention to because in the long run that means that we're giving up on the shared goal of caring for each other. I don't think that's who we are as a society
on laura flanders (nathan schneider too)
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sL0m68BL32Y]
19 min – from their pov these systems often look very diff..t
23 min – a form of math washing.. that we don't understand.. 1st step: we don't buy that story
24 min – i really think it's about listening..t
tech as it could be – we could be listening to 7bn voices.. everyday
find/follow Virginia:
Writing about technology and social justice.
https://virginia-eubanks.com/


text:
India's at Olympics
Olympics Latest
Medals Tally
Tokyo governor takes time off due to fatigue before Olympics
As the host city's leader, Gov. Yuriko Koike has been deeply involved with preparations for the Olympics and Paralympics as well as leading the capital's coronavirus response.
Reported by: AP
Tokyo Published on: June 23, 2021 15:22 IST
Image Source : AP
Tokyo's governor will take time off to recover from severe fatigue, the metropolitan government said Wednesday, one month before the Olympics begin.
Japan imposes stricter regulations on India's Olympic squad, IOA says it's 'unfair'
Tokyo organisers working on safe stay and training of Indian athletes in Games Village: TOCOG
Tokyo: Olympics like no other with Olympic Village to match
She often worked weekends and late at night on coronavirus measures and holding meetings with senior officials, and would speak briefly to reporters who waited to speak to her at the entrance of the metropolitan government building.
At an online meeting related to COVID-19 on Tuesday, she apologized for her hoarse voice.
Japanese media including NHK public television reported Koike was hospitalized.
The Tokyo metropolitan government officials said they cannot confirm the report and only said Koike has severe fatigue requiring rest and will take time off from work through the end of the week. Deputy Gov. Mitsuchika Tarao is taking over Koike's official duties while she rests, the government's statement said.
Wednesday marks one month before the Olympics open on July 23, and Koike's absence comes just before campaigning begins for the Tokyo metropolitan assembly elections, in which she heads a local party, Tokyoites First.
Earlier this week, Olympic representatives decided to allow the public to attend the Games, though caps were set on spectators at Olympic venues.
Health experts have expressed deep concern the Games could cause the virus to surge in the Tokyo region.
Koike, who turns 69 on July 15, has belonged to Japan's ruling conservative Liberal Democratic Party for about 20 years and has served in key Cabinet and party posts.
A media savvy, and stylish TV newscaster-turned-politician, Koike is still rumored as a future prime minister candidate and her political activity is closely watched ahead of national elections later this year.
She was Japan's first female defense minister and set her sights on becoming Tokyo's first female governor after failing to win the LDP presidency. She won her second term as governor last year.
As governor, Koike has pushed for populist measures such as administrative reforms, wiser spending and reviewing costly venues for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics.
Koike had insisted on holding the Olympics as planned last year until the last minute, then began pushing for the government to urgently fight the coronavirus pandemic and declare a state of emergency, while the central government was criticized for being slow to take those steps.
2020 Tokyo Olympics


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Soccer Positions at a Glance
11 Spots...Many Soccer Positions
While Law 3 of the FIFA Laws of the Game states that there must be 11 players on the field at all times, the only constant from one formation to the next tends to be the goalkeeper.
There are a number of different soccer positions that can make up a given soccer formation. Players tend to play in three separate lines with front line being attackers, the back line defenders, and the players in between generally known as the midfielders because, well, they play in the middle of the field.
Let's take a closer look at each line of players.
The Goalkeeper
The only constant position across all formations is the goalkeeper. When in the penalty area, the goalie is the only player legally allowed to use his hands to play the ball.
The last line of defense, a good soccer goalkeeper will be constantly shouting out to his defenders to maintain order and ensure proper coverage.
Soccer defenders are a part of all formations and strategies. What differs, however, is the positioning and strategy of the defensive line. Generally speaking, defenders are divided into centerbacks, fullbacks, wingbacks, and at times, the sweeper.
The centerback will usually take the center two positions in a back line of 4 players. These players are usually the tallest, strongest, and most positionally sound of all defenders.
The full backs play on the outside of the defence and are relied upon to stop attacking wingers. Fullbacks have good speed and must be able to defend against players in 1-on-1 situations, as they will often times be alone and forced far wide when defending.
Wingbacks are a recent innovation in soccer strategy, and very closely resemble the fullback in purpose. The only real difference is that the wingback also serves a very important attacking function. Certain formations, such as the 4-2-3-1, prevent the use of midfielders to provide width in attack, and as such rely on the wingback to run the full length of the field in this role. The wingback is therefore, a very difficult position to fill as it required both defensive and offensive skill, good speed and excellent stamina.
The sweeper was an innovation made popular with the Italian Catenaccio strategy of the 1970's. Usually an extra player assigned to the defence who is tasked as a kind of zone defender, the sweeper will help the other defenders mark players as necessary and try to sweep up (hence the name) any balls that may make it past the back line.
Soccer midfielders are generally split into center and outside soccer positions.
The center midfielder position is perhaps, the most important in the whole game. This player is often times referred to as the engine of the team, responsible for both setting up attacks and breaking up the opponents forward play.
The outside midfielders are versatile players, with above average stamina. Tasked with playing equal parts offense and defence depending on the strategy used, the wide midfielders must patrol the sidelines, providing width in attack, and tracking the opposing players as they make their runs up field.
Scoring is a necessity in soccer. However, in some strategies, soccer stirkers are often the first players that are withdrawn when a lead has been established and as a result, many strategies make do with a lone striker, or in some situations, no striker at all.
That said, there are a few different types of strikers out there. Most often seen are center forwards and wingers.
The center forward is often, tall, strong, and an excellent finishes as his role is to score goals at every opportunity.
The winger can be smaller, is usually speedy, and their role is to either serve the ball via a cross into the penalty area, or cut into the centre of the field and make an attempt at goal. This type of player requires good one-on-one skills so they can pass defenders off the dribble.
For more information on soccer positions see:
Return to Soccer Tactics from Soccer Positions
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