There's no need to cry now, darling – the ambulance has gone. In the misty night, the violet rainfall of stars, obscuring the buildings, cessation of shape. The fireworks, hours ago, in cloudy abandon, puttered to their conclusion. A perfect night to be unable to sleep. The bookshop, with its many stories, doors into corridors used by staff, the stairs leading down to the stock-room; implausibly large chambers, echoey, where, trespassing, the genuine architecture is disclosed.
Just loosing it, when some loud clunk, a chair from the balcony, perhaps, dislodged by the wind, begins consciousness again, an alert jerk. The sirens map out a future territory of wounds like, going round and round, the lights on a Christmas tree. What is this thin stream, in which consistently and repetitively trying to drown myself, I fail to succeed? The rain drops hit the outside of the window-pane like the ticking of a clock without hours.
Even the Teletubbies are being drafted in for crowd control in these times. But could they radicalise and lend their support to the revolution? Which way will the rat-faced innocents turn?
but the dogs need the exercise and so do we.
blank as an envelope, with no address, no location.
back to the desk, the endless admin, and all the rest.
I photographed this street writing in Dorset Gardens Brighton when the UK 2015 May elections were being contested. In the midst of a deeply disheartening global and political scene, I felt encouraged by its affirming message. What this says is true.


text:
Early-Season Wildfire Threatens Homes, Buildings in Oregon
Olivia Rosane
Mar 20, 2019 12:08PM EDT Climate
Fire burns in the North Santiam State Recreational Area on March 19. Oregon Department of Forestry
An early-season wildfire near Lyons, Oregon burned 60 acres and forced dozens of homes to evacuate Tuesday evening, the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) said, as KTVZ reported.
The initial cause of the fire was not yet known, but it has been driven by the strong wind and jumped the North Santiam River, The Salem Statesman Journal reported. As of Tuesday night, it threatened around 35 homes and 30 buildings, and was 20 percent contained.
Oregon Department of Forestry
https://www.facebook.com/oregondepartmentofforestry/photos/a.600573419961131/2483182925033495/?type=3&theater
"It was a big shock, especially around here," Lyons resident Brianna Schott, who was forced to evacuate, told the Salem Statesman Journal. "We've had little field fires, but this is the biggest event I can remember. We just had snow, and now this?"
Another Lyons resident, Bryan Wolf, said he hadn't seen a wildfire like this since moving to Lyons in 2002.
"They called us on the home phone here and told us to evacuate twice," Wolf told the Salem Statesman Journal. "We just thought we'd stay put for a little while, keep our eye on it because the wind was still blowing to the east and the fire was headed down river. Once the wind slacked up a little bit, it started coming back and burning more vegetation close to the river, and it got to be a little bit scary for us. The firefighters showed up with their engine and pumper and we felt pretty secure after that."
The length of the wildfire season in the Western U.S. has increased due to warmer temperatures and earlier snowmelt, the National Climate Assessment found. The Northwest has warmed nearly two degrees Fahrenheit since 1900, which is at least partly attributable to human-caused climate change, the assessment further found. According to Climate Central's States at Risk, the area burned by fires in Oregon each year has increased around 18 times in the last decade compared to an average year in the 1970s. More than 1.2 million Oregonians, or 33 percent of the state's population, live in areas with increased fire risk.
The Salem Statesman Journal explained the progression of Tuesday's fire:
A grass fire was reported Tuesday afternoon near North Santiam State Park between Mehama and Mill City on the Marion County side of the North Santiam River.
An emergency citizen alert was issued about 3 p.m. for those who live in the area to evacuate.
Hours later another grass fire was spotted near Gates on Garden Lane separate from the Santiam State Park fire. That fire required no evacuations.
Then, another grass fire was reported about 5 p.m. near Neighbors Lane in Lyons, and those within a 3/4-mile radius were asked to evacuate.
The Santiam Park fire and Neighbors Lane fire merged due to strong winds in the area.
The fire is being battled by the ODF along with the Lyons Fire Department, Mill City Fire Department and Sublimity Fire Department.
"We ask that you please stay clear of the area and that if you were asked to evacuate to please do so," the Linn County Sheriff's Office wrote in a Facebook post.
The Red Cross has designated the Mari-Linn Elementary School as an evacuation center.
"At this time it is not expected that the evacuation will be lifted for at least the next 24 hours. If you would like to help those displaced you may do so by bringing food, water, supplies to the school," the sheriff's office said.
How to Protect Your Children From Wildfire Smoke https://t.co/dErcRJ3ZNX #wildfiresmoke via @EcoWatch @ConversationUS pic.twitter.com/AkyXFH3GaS
— Renew Oregon 🌍 (@RenewOregon) August 24, 2018
How Climate Change Ignites Wildfires From California to South Africa
Oregon Experiences Economic Fallout From Wildfire Smoke : NPR
Oregon wildfire costs hit record high of $514 million in 2018 | kgw.com
Risk of big, costly Northwest wildfire season is high - oregonlive.com
Forecasters Say Oregon's Wildfire Season Could Be Record Setting ...
climate changeextreme weatheroregonwildfires
Volcanic Eruptions Can Cool Planet, But Hunga Tonga Likely Won't, Scientists Say
We Saved the Puffins. Now a Warming Planet Is Unraveling That Work.
Florida Senators Push Anti-Solar Bill

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Preston University is one of the top ranked universities in the world. As far as my point of view is concerned, Preston's faculty, atmosphere, building and everything else is just perfect. Professors hired there are very qualified and eligible to teach students in best way. My suggestion to people is that don't be too quick to judge. I bet that anyone who have studied in Preston or have visited Preston have a great picture of it in his/her mind. I myself have graduated from Preston university. I am doing my own business and living a successful life. I personally believe that if I would've chosen any university other than Preston, than my life could have been not as good as it is now. So a special thanks to the founder of Preston Mr. Abdul Basit for blessing us with such a great place to learn.


text:
Frontier Drive Extension and Braided Ramps Public Hearing-Fairfax County
« Transportation Technology Committee Meeting
Virtual Public Hearing: Changes to Improve Access to Franconia-Springfield Station »
*NVTA Funded Project
The Virginia Department of Transportation and Metro will hold a joint virtual location & design public hearing and NEPA public hearing Tuesday, July 12th on plans to extend Frontier Drive (Route 267) from its southern terminus at Franconia-Springfield Parkway (Route 289) to Loisdale Road (Route 789).
The project will involve changes in limited access control and includes:
A four-lane divided roadway (combination of new construction and improvements to existing Springfield Center Drive) with a shared-use path on one side and sidewalk on the other
New braided ramps at the Frontier Drive/Franconia-Springfield Parkway interchange
A new intersection at Metro Access Road with Frontier Drive
Reconfigured sections of the Franconia-Springfield Metro station circulatory road and access to parking garage entrances, all existing access points will be maintained
The project aims to relieve congestion and improve access to the Franconia-Springfield Metro station, the Springfield Mall and Town Center area, the General Services Administration (GSA) complex, the Northern Virginia Community College Medical Education Campus and the new Transportation Security Administration (TSA) building on Springfield Center Drive.
In compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and 23 CFR Part 771, an Environmental Assessment (EA) was approved by the Federal Highway Administration and will be available for public review and comment. In accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, Section 106 and 36 CFR 800, information concerning the potential effects of the proposed improvements on properties listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places is included in the EA. An executive summary (also available in Korean and Spanish), the EA and related reports are available online at virginiadot.org/FrontierDrive.
Within the project limits, Frontier Drive averages 33,000 vehicles a day and Franconia-Springfield Parkway averages about 53,000 based on 2019 data.
The project is partially funded for the preliminary engineering and right of way phases and is financed with federal, state, Fairfax County and Northern Virginia Transportation Authority funding. Additional funding opportunities will be pursued as they become available.
In lieu of an in-person hearing, VDOT and Metro invite residents and travelers to learn more, participate in the virtual hearing and give feedback in the following ways through Friday, July 29:
Attend the Tuesday, July 12 online Register at virginiadot.org/FrontierDrive or to participate without registering in listen-only mode, call 877-568-4108 (use access code 998-539-348). The project team will make a short presentation beginning at 7 p.m. and answer questions for about an hour after the presentation. In case an alternate date is needed, the meeting will be held Monday, Sept. 19.
Provide comments via the online survey, by email to meetingcomments@vdot.virginia.gov and franconia@wmata.com, or leave a voicemail at 202-962-1901.
Mail comments to Mr. Zamir Mirza, Virginia Department of Transportation, 4975 Alliance Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030 or Office of the Secretary, WMATA, 300 7th Street SW, Washington, DC 20024.
Request an in-person appointment during business hours at VDOT's Northern Virginia District Office, 4975 Alliance Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030. Please call ahead at 703-259-1795 or TTY/TDD 711 for an appointment. Materials are also available to review at Metro's Headquarters, 300 7th Street SW, Washington, DC 20024. Please call ahead at 202-962-2511 for an appointment.
Meeting materials and the presentation will be available online at virginiadot.org/FrontierDrive, including the recorded presentation after the meeting.
VDOT and Metro ensure nondiscrimination and equal employment in all programs and activities in accordance with Title VI and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. If you need more information or special assistance for persons with disabilities or limited English proficiency, contact VDOT Civil Rights at 703-259-1775. ASL interpretation will be provided. Languages other than English interpretation/translation services can be provided free of charge upon request. For ASL assistance, contact Metro at 202-962-2511.
https://www.virginiadot.org/projects/northernvirginia/frontier_drive.asp


The people present will have an opportunity to be buried alive in a coffin for fifteen minutes. As a framework program there will be lectures about the history of the science of determining death and the medical cultural history of "buried alive". People buried alive not only populate the horror stories of past centuries, but also countless reports in specialized medical literature. The theme of unintentional resurrection by grave robbers also runs through forensic protocols. Even in the 19th century it was said that every tenth person was buried alive. No wonder that the fear of this fate was immense and led - especially in the German-speaking region - to all kinds of precautions to avoid it. Various death test methods were developed, for instance. "Security coffins" with bell pulls and air hoses were patented; mortuaries were built, in which corpses were left for days to natural decay.


I'm using the, by now familiar, crank slider mechanism to make the Reindeer move in a rotating movement. The legs are linked to the box top so they move up and down.
The model in the picture has legs only on one side – I didn't need the legs on the other side as they add nothing to the movement.
I'll probably complete the model with some Christmas parcels either on the box tops or in saddle bags on the Reindeer. Layout and numbering next.


text:
The Daisy Theatre showcases Ronnie Burkett's puppetry mastery>
Reviews + Reactions
And Then the Lights Went Out not your typical noir story
jennamarynowskion October 16, 2014 /1 comment
Erika Conway and Lyle Lahti in And Then, the Lights Went Out. Photo by Doug Stewart/ Rad Grandpa Photography
"This is the part where I kiss him, right?" the femme fatale character wonders aloud as she approaches the series' jaded and cynical detective. Before you get bored though and say it's been done a million times before, I'm going to say that despite all the tropes and cliches, you don't know how this story ends. And that's what Walterdale Playhouse's season opener, And Then the Lights Went Out, is trying to tell us.
And Then the Lights Went Out, is an exercise in second guessing the stereotypes you have about the noir genre, or perhaps any genre. Noir is one of those things – like horror movies – that's been made fun of a lot over the years. While And Then the Lights Went Out does its fair share of poking fun at the genre, it also allows the audience to discover something new about it.
And Then the Lights Went Out is the story of a writer who has shut himself in his apartment during an Edmonton heat wave to finish the seventh novel in his Jim O'Reiley detective series. The action of the play is set half in the world of the Jim O'Reiley novel and half in the real world, where the author, Thomas Levine (played by John Evans), is fighting villains of his own like a sub-par housing situation, a deceitful landlady, being attracted to the girl next door who happens to have a boyfriend, and dealing with intense self-doubt and negative self-speak. Never mind that his characters keep leaving the world of the novel to criticize his lack of originality and character development and express their doubt that he will be able to meet his publisher's deadlines with a novel is that is interesting and engaging.
Andy Garland's script is brilliant, taking the archetypal characters and tropes we know so well from noir detective books and movies and weaving them into a story that's not just the same thing that's been done before. In the audience's reactions to the play, we immediately rediscover the purpose archetypal characters serve – the audience immediately connects to and engages with the story, shortening the exposition phase of a play where the audience is getting to know the characters and how they interact. Where Andy gets creative is in how the story is told. Half the time you are rolling your eyes because it's so stereotypical and cliché. But the other half of the time, you're stroking your chin and thinking about how a small tweak to the character or the generally accepted plot line can drastically alter the story and the perception of its worthiness of a piece of art.
Erika Conway and Kyle Lahti in And Then the Lights Went Out.
I was really impressed by the cast's caliber of acting and dedication to really knowing who their characters are. Every actor was able to successfully navigate a delicate balance between their character in the novel and in the real world. When the actors were in the world of the novel, they played their characters as over-the-top and more or less conforming to the archetypes and tropes we all know. When they shifted to the "real world" setting though, the actors weren't so eye-rolling over-the-top, but they really knew how to express the core of the character and their defining traits. As the femme fatale, Erika Conway had the perfect mix of diva and toughness. Kyle Lahti as Detective Jim O'Reiley was cool and cynical, but also extremely passionate and self-aware. Hayley Moorehouse as junior detective Lucy DeBrie showed her smarts, sassiness and general unwillingness to be a disposable, sexualized female detective. Chance Heck was wonderful as "the muscle" Bruno Dawes who questioned his existence and also just wanted Thomas to use a coaster once in a while. Chance has this great way of doing humour that seems to be unintentional, but is riotous because of its perfect timing. And Curtis Knecht's transformations as shipping tycoon (and villain) Duke Morrison were transfixing to watch as his character was being birthed, disassembled, and reassembled before our very eyes.
What I did really wonder about, and have to confess I'm still unsure about, is the story takes place in the real world of the play. While John Evans (as Thomas Levine), Erin Forwick-Whalley (his landlord) and Jennifer Peebles (the girl next door) do a great job of creating a world that's very real and where the stakes actually matter, it was awfully cliché. Of course Thomas is attracted to the girl next door. Of course she has a boyfriend. Of course the landlord is the villain…. Which is fine, but it's hard to tell whether it's supposed to be cliché or not. At one point, the script points to the cliché's ("You do the starving artist so well… I want to be the starving artist!"), but it left me wondering whether the characters are supposed to be aware of how cliche the situation is. Whether they are or aren't, either way this could have been portrayed better on stage, either by fully committing to those clichés, or by using body language communicating the character's awareness.
One thing I was excited about once I found out And Then the Lights Went Out was based on a noir novel was the production elements. And they didn't disappoint. You can tell that designers really know what they're doing with a genre fiction play, when they're so spot on, but truly help create that second or third layer of meaning in the play through their elements. Brendan Boyd's set was gorgeous – wonderful as a dingy apartment, but remarkable when it transformed to all the different locations the novel takes place in when put in the right lighting. I also loved the floor that bled off the live stage area- unfinished like the book that was the character's main focus. Of course, the set's flexibility couldn't be acheived without the lighting design by Kat Evans, which made it possible to forget that Thomas' apartment was in the background. I also loved the changes between the cool, blue-tinged lighting of the book and the warm light of the real world which helped the audience unconsciously move from one world to the other. And of course, the music underscoring the novel was spot on – it was stereotypical noir music – cool jazz, snapping fingers, saxaphones – but designer Aldon Brewer really knew the perfect moments to cut to silence to intensify the impact of the dialogue.
And Then the Lights Went Out plays at Walterdale Playhouse October 15 – 25. Tickets are $15.75 – $19.75 through Tix on the Square.
Tagged: Aldon Brewer And Then the Lights Went Out Andy Garland Brendan Boyd Chance Heck Curtis Knecht Edmonton Theatre Ericka Conway Erin Forwick-Whalley Hayley Moorehouse Jennifer Peebles John Evans Kat Evans Kyle Lahti Walterdale Playhouse
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Edmonton Downstage | 20.10.2014 | After the House Lights October 20, 2014 at 10:34 AM
[…] season opener And Then the Lights Went Out opened last week. Check out my review, the St. Albert Gazette's review, or Vue Weekly's […]


When I get home from youth group tonight, I promise you will receive a full blown blog.
But until then, here is some amazing reading material about the guy I heard this morning, Peter Xu. He is called the "Billy Graham of China". He is the founder of the largest home church movement in China- over 20 million people. Can you even register that? Let me help you- there are about 5 million people in Metro Atlanta. Four times Metro Atlanta. Good gravy.
He has been imprisoned multiple times for spreading the Gospel and now lives in exile in Los Angeles- as in, if he goes back to China, he will be put in jail. Because he is a Christian. So he lives in LA.
And this is his ministry. It's an amazing concept- sending Chinese Christians from China down the ancient Silk Road back to Jerusalem and surrounding countries (Muslim, Hindu, and Islamic) to share the Gospel.
More to come…. including Crowder and Wickham videos, UGA stories, times with the Chittom family, and some photos from today. Crazy weekend. Quite bloggable, if you ask me.


text:
Discussion of the draft Constitution
Richie Bartlett
May 20, 17 / Can 00, 01 02:11 UTC
Critique of the draft Constitution - Chapter 8 ¶
Article 36. Decision-Making and Implementation
§1) "The Head of State's address is binding for all Asgardian state bodies and officials." This should be stripped from this section. All binding agreements should be enacted by law as enforced by the parliament and not a verbal address to Asgardia. Verbal decrees like the address have little means of check and balance by the supervisory and Judicial branches.
§2) What are "key social relations?"
§5) Will this "public monitoring" be open for public viewing? There must be transparency of government.
Article 37. Judiciary
§4) Why 13 Justices? Do they all preside on the same cases? Is there a minimum quorum of Justices required to hand out the final verdict?
§5) 40 is a good age for a young Justice. However, I don't believe there should be an upper age limit for this type of position.
§10) Lifetime appointments should not be the default term! Justices should be limited to a maximum of two terms at 15 years each term. At the end of each term, Parliament must vote to keep or replace the Justice. We must keep the court fresh and encourage Citizens to participate in the Government. Additionally, no Citizen (not the HoS, the Justices, the Royal Court, the Royal Council, the Parliament, etc.) should ever be above the laws and constitution of Asgardia! You cannot have immunity and follow the law. All people should be held accountable. The statement: "enjoy immunity and independence and" must be stripped from this clause.
§**) There should be an established appeals process from lower courts. Only cases heard by the Supreme Justice will be considered final.
Article 38. Prosecutor's Office
This should be titled: "Prosecutor General" as it focuses on that role.
§3) The Prosecutor General should be limited to five-year terms at a maximum of five terms.
§**) There should be an explanation of the Prosecutor General's role in removing the HoS.
Article 39. National Audit Office
§3) All positions in this office should be limited to a maximum of three-terms. Five-year terms are acceptable.
§**) Under which branch does this office belong? Supervisory?
Article 40. Law Enforcement
§**) If prisons are prohibited (Article 9§10), what is the consequence of the most offensive crime (e.g. murder)? Do we revoke that person's citizenship/rights and exile them? Do we rehabilitate them and reintegrate them back into society?
§**) There should be a clause on extradition, but not in the Constitution. I hope the Law does elaborate on this point.
§**)Which government branch does "Law Enforcement" belong? Judiciary?
Last edited by: Richie Bartlett (Asgardian) on May 20, 17 / Can 00, 01 11:32 UTC, Total number of edits: 2 times
Chapter 9. Adoption and Amendment of the Constitution
Article 41. Adoption of the Constitution
§1) How is the count of votes determined? What time period is allowed for votes to be collected? (Should be at least five days!)
Article 42. First Constitution
§**) There was no General Election on Jan 20, 2017 for Head of the Nation. It was established by Decree #1… The general population was given no choice in this matter! It was understood by implication of forthcoming "elections" that we would elect a new Head of State – maybe Igor would be Elected anyway. But as established in Article 32§3, the first HoS is Dr. Ashurbeyli, we are given no choice… And, since this role is virtually a lifetime commitment, we would rarely see a chance to exercise the democratic process of the People choosing their leader. The first official Head of State must be willing to step down after five years! There must be an election of a new monarch to keep the ideas of Asgardia fresh and concurrent with the will of the People!
§1) Why the age of 18 when the full legal age in Asgardia is 16 (Chapter 3, Article 6§1)? Why not allow 16 year-olds to participate in the vote?
Article 43. Quorum for Adoption of the Constitution
§1) Should be adopted by 2/3rd majority. The statement "part 2, article 39 of this Constitution." makes no sense as the reference has nothing to do with this article. This statement is incomplete.
§**) Furthermore, how are the votes counted??? Is the majority determined by the number of casted votes? Or, by comparing votes to the number of registered Citizens at the time of the vote??
Article 44. Amendment of the Constitution
§1) this should be "written in stone" and not voidable by future amendments. "Asgardia's Constitution may be amended by means of an referendum. However, this article of amendment is unchangeable and cannot be voided by any law, decree, or any other amendment."
Article 45. Procedure for Amendment of the Constitution
Chapter 10. Transitional and Final Provisions
Article 46. Special rights of the Head of State before the election of Parliament and formation of the Government of Asgardia
§1) These decrees must be reviewed and removed, if necessary, by the Royal Council based on laws of Asgardia.
Article 47. Special procedure for election of a new Head of State
§1) .
Article 48. Deadline for election of Parliament
Article 49. Deadline for forming the Government of Asgardia
Article 50. Effectiveness of the Constitution
§1) AS the vote will take place on June 18, 2017 (Gregorian Calendar), it should be held as effective provided the 2/3rd majority vote of the Constitution is reached.
Asgardian 23596
Wow LoreZyra! That is a very detailed review of the draft. Well done! I hope that your comments are considered with the seriousness commensurate with the obvious effort you have made.
One thing I noticed though - It was originally (and unilaterally it seems) that Asgardia's motto would be "One Humanity, One Unity". The draft constitution seems to have changed this to "One Humanity, One Community". Like you, I feel for all those that put time and effort into the motto competition
@ petrv
"@skieswanne - is possible to reveal who worked on this proposal? (not the real names, just roles)"
Unfortunately, that information was not passed to us. We only know that @Lena De Winne and the *LEGAL TEAM* are responsible for it.
As @bigred has pointed out (by his own inquiry), Dr. Igor Ashurbeyli wrote the entire draft before passing it to the LEGAL TEAM.
Last edited by: Richie Bartlett (Asgardian) on May 20, 17 / Can 00, 01 05:50 UTC, Total number of edits: 1 time
Trevyn Case
Nice analysis Lore, though I have three comments. First is the issue of inheritance. While I'm still perplexed as to why the idea of a monarch was brought up as it's a pretty big taboo among most of the people today, to the point that even North Korea which seems more and more like an autocratic and despotic monarchy is still classified as a Dictatorship, the allowance of the Head of State to nominate anybody as a successor is essentially allows for them to choose their family as candidates, but doesn't require them. Also putting the vetting process in the constitution would be somewhat against the purpose of a constitution in defining the structure rather than details of governance of a government. As it is, it essentially allows the Head of State, Royal Council, and Parliament to each choose their own candidates for any reason they deem appropriate, though I expect that in practice that it will be quite a rigorous process and that if a Head of State is determined to have their chosen child be the next Head of State they will worked hard to prepare their child for the task so when the election comes around the people will be likely to vote for them.
Second, in regards to maximum age, I think it's a good idea for every office, including Parliament, to have maximum ages. Or at the very least a requirement to be of sound mind. Otherwise you get a situation like the US where there is a large potential of several Supreme Court Justices getting Alzheimers or something similar yet are unable to be removed because there it's unconstitutional to do so and the judges in question because of their mental state refuse to resign.
Third, while I think the 15 year limit for Justices is a good idea, I'm less likely to think the potential of being allowed to serve a second term depending on whether any branch likes them to be a good idea. At least for the first term, there will be many Justices that will be less concerned with dealing justice and more with settling cases in a way that will get them re-confirmed.
Other than that you did a much better was job at pointing out the flaws of each clause than I did, though I think I caught a few problems you missed, like the fact that the power to call for elections of Parliament could potentially prevent anyone from being members of Parliament thus preventing Parliament from even forming up in addition to the already powerful power of being able to dissolve it at any time.
Paul Bellamy
@skieswanne - You only have to ask them guys. Below are the answers I received when I asked.
The good doctor wrote it in Russian and it was translated by a commercial company. There are obvious translation problems in the first part as the English is often nonsensical and meaningless. However the intent is there, just exceedingly poor grammar and wording due to the translator's obvious desire to make it sound grandiose without having much in the way of an understanding of English grammar and structure.
The second part had the involvement of the legal teams of the good doctors companies. This is obvious from the fact that it is worded in a more legal format and includes a lot of the provisions and wording from various other constitutions, although often not well formed (eloquently pointed out in detail by @scarbs, @trackman1997 and @LoreZyra above).
The whole thing is being reviewed by a legal consultant in an English speaking country. The "community at large" within this forum is being used in a similar manner to the DoU and Constitution contents forums.
The DoU has been reviewed based on the previous forum however has not been updated yet. Hence we have pretty much the original written into this draft.
One area I noticed which hasn't really been touched on by others is the interesting lines about "morality" and not being able to question the supreme values. There needs to always be discussion concerning law and value systems and it needs to be objective allowing for disagreement. Any question of subjectivity needs to have a clear and explainable definition so that it cannot be used to subjectively force a personal opinion on others under the threat of punishment.
At the start of the document the wording makes it look like the "royal council of supreme values" could be subverted to a set of secret police that can take you away in the middle of the night because you said something that was subjectively decided to be "amoral", "undermining" or "diminishing" of the supreme values.
I think it is ok to want a certain moral code and to protect a set of values however these need to be defined clearly. A system cannot be allowed to devolve into punitive measures being taken by certain people because their subjective view of a subject is different to another person's view. Also any position that has oversight of governance and/or citizens (such as this body) cannot be allowed to be a career position or appointed to that position by the ultimate power in the state (the HoS). Our history proves that is an absolute recipe for disaster.
At this point there are quite a lot of legal situations which would arise out of what is written here. They may be translation problems and a lot are simple. A good example is chapter3 - article 6 - point 2: "Space citizenship of Asgardia is a special type of citizenship and does not constitute dual or second citizenship for purposes of Earth citizenship....". We all probably understand this is obviously here to avoid the problems dual citizenship would bring about for a lot of people while Asgardia is seeking peer recognition as a state. However if the state of Asgardia is to achieve peer recognition and be included at an international level by the UN then other countries will definitely recognise it as dual citizenship. This makes this statement a little useless. It also makes being an Asgardian citizen of no actual physical use or purpose.
As I say, these are just little problems which will cause some legal issues and need to be tidied - whether it is the English translation or just not thought through properly.
And yes........"tied to the ideal parameters of the Moon set by a special law of Asgardia"....sorry but what in the world is that???? Just in case I was uninformed, I went searching all over the web, my extensive libraries and all my customer and colleague's archives and I could not find any definition or mention of the "ideal parameters of the Moon" :-D :-D Perhaps those parameters will be defined by that special law :-D :-D I think this is why it is important to have feedback from the originator of any document to clarify what they really meant when the translator substituted their own poetic abuse of the English language.
Nice analysis @LoreZyra, hat`s off for the effort. However, article 45 still stands unaltered even though it is the basis of any free nation to let people propose amendments. It should include another way of amending the Constitution, namely by allowing citizens to propose changes (a threshold of 5% - 10% of supporters for a proposal to be brought forth for a referendum). If this possibility is missing, people will never ever be able to safeguard themselves and will be forever ignored. I`ve seen this so many times recently, when politicians only proposed the variants they wanted, totally against the citizens will.
Also my appreciation for @Trackman1997 and @bigred, very good points
Updated on May 20, 17 / Can 00, 01 04:49 UTC, Total number of edits: 1 time
@Dirk Baeyens(Asgardian) on 20 May 2017, 4:43 a.m.
The only team i know is the one-man-team Professor Ram Jakhu,
who does not work with nor does he work for Asgardia and
just gives info how it should all work with the known laws.
Hi Dirk,
How does this contribute to the discussion of the Constitution Draft? Can you add your concerns, if any, about this draft?
I am certain that I have not covered every fault in the draft. (After all, I spent many hours through the night without sleep to complete it...)
Asgardian 286323
I have re-read the constitution two times and I want to contribute the following changes (what is explained in the PDF):
https://prime.singularity.name/laws/constitution-patch-2017-05-20.pdf
Comments are welcome.
Thanks Cosmin :) Also @bigred good points on the morality, though perhaps incorporating exact morals into a constitution is likely a bad idea entirely, unfortunately I can see this going badly anyway its put. Morals and all are good for documents and speeches with no legal impact that simply serve to try and unite a group of people like the Declaration of Independence does, but beyond that morals are only useful for governments in so far as that immoral people tend to violate the rights of others. But moral people can also do this, and if you go beyond outlawing behavior that doesn't infringe on the rights of others on the basis of it being immoral, you risk essentially infringing on freedom of belief. I'd rather have that line be set and controlled by the people, so through Parliament than through a Constitution which could very end up hard to amend, and should not be amended any time we decide that the values we set weren't the best ones, or that we've gone too far in trying to protect those values.
Also yea, the citizenship clause probably doesn't actually help much, but at the very least it can be a way to offset the problem a few more years, as it could be construed that as that clause was in there that US citizens weren't intending to become dual citizens. Also with the fact that citizenship is pretty easy to gain and lose and is really likely to be seen and act as membership of an organization since it places the jurisdiction of the countries where Asgardians inhabit above that of the jurisdiction that Asgardia itself has over its citizens. The first issues won't really pop up until there comes to be Asgardian citizens who have no other citizenship and as such can't just be forcibly expatriated which seems to be currently the highest punishment possible since imprisonment and death penalty are outlawed, or a non-Asgardian citizen in Asgardian territory (i.e. on a Spaceship) gets fined (or if imprisonment or something like it is allowed, imprisonment) and complains to their home government about being robbed of their freedom or property thus requiring countries to once and for all decide whether it is a country which is thus allowed to do things like that and thus the citizen would need to be deported on request from their home country and all Asgardian citizens in their territory are thus dual-citizens, or simply an organization pretending to be a country which would mean that Asgardian citizens can continue on just basically being members in an organization, but would also mean that the country determined to have jurisdiction over Asgardia would be pressured to deal with it, either way I imagine that will be a contentious time, but probably a few decades away.
Also perhaps the "ideal parameters of the Moon" is some sort of bizarre and horrible translation error? Maybe? It really is just such an odd clause.
On a last side note thanks for the information behind the Constitution, as well as bringing up those points.
@nihylum(Asgardian) on 20 May 2017, 7:31 a.m.
Hi Nihylum, it's great that you have your own copy of your inputs (I do as well - my copy is on DropBox). However, for the convenience of reading it, I recommend that you paste it directly into the forum page. This way, people don't have to take an extra effort to read your great suggestions.
Some of those things are solved in the Patch in my previous reply.
To embed it here, the changes are:
We, the free people of Asgardia, irrespective of our place of birth and current residence, language, gender, race, skin color, nationality, creed, sexual orientation or origin, proclaim with determination to unite us regardless of ethnic, national, and religious differences. Together we stand, to always act based on morality, fairness, and peace, and to uphold the dignity of every human being. Together we stand, to resolve conflicts, inequality, and imperfections in human history, to engage spiritual and scientific practices and to bring human creative achievements to a new level in all their civilizational and cultural multitude as a beginning of a new era in the history of humanity in space. We have, with the Declaration of Unity as an integral part of this Constitution, founded Asgardia, the first Space Nation in human history and hereby adopt this Constitution of Asgardia as our fundamental law and our status to the people of the planet Earth.
0. General Directives
Directive 1 - Common Rights
The dignity and health of human being is inviolable.
Directive 2 - Individual Restriction
No Asgardian shall be restricted in any way due to gender, creed, sexual orientation, financial status, race, skin color or origin. All Asgardians shall be rewarded and employed equally for the same service or work under the same conditions, no matter if adult or children.
Directive 3 - Freedom of Speech and Press
The freedom of speech and the freedom of the press is equally obligatory for the government of Asgardia and every citizen and shall only be restricted to protect national security. All cases serving a restriction of one of both fundamental rights must be accessible and impeachable to all Asgardians and shall not be classified in any way.
Directive 4 - Free Civil Education and Information
Civil Education is a fundamental right and shall be served without any cost or requirements to all Asgardians. All Asgardians have the right to access civil information regardless where they are under the condition to not utilize civil information to increase prosperity or wealth or to not utilize information to manipulate the political, economical or military balance of nation aliened third parties.
Directive 5 - Development of the Individual
All Asgardians have the right to free development of the individual as long as it does not violate the prime values of Asgardia. No law or decree shall restrict this right.
Directive 6 - Political Groups
No Asgardian shall create political parties and must contest election campaigns under a peaceful manner without harming opposite candidates or their political opinion in any way.
Directive 7 - Military Service
No Asgardian shall be forced to serve in military forces of Asgardia in times of peace.
Directive 8 - Prisons and Judgements
No Asgardian or the government of Asgardia shall create prisons for the purpose of isolation from the society nor kill a life form as a judgment for a criminal act of any kind. Jailing an Asgardian shall be the last resort for extremely dangerous cases.
Directive 9 - Social and Cultural Needs
All Asgardian shall be supported in their social and cultural needs. The social or cultural needs of the many do not outweigh the social or cultural needs of the few. All Asgardians have an equal right to celebrate their religious beliefs in a manner that does not restrict the celebration due to gender, sexual orientation, race, skin color or origin.
Directive 10 - Intellectual Properties
The intellectual property of civil and military technologies, theories, explicitly artistic work and the product of artistic works remains under the authority of the government of Asgardia as long as released for the citizens of Asgardia. Civil technologies, theories, artistic work and the product of artistic work must be freely accessible by all Asgardians without costs for non-commercial and personal use. The manufacturing of technology and products in general, including manufacturing for export purposes, based on that intellectual property is overseen and regulated by the government of Asgardia and attached laws.
Reason: patch embedded
Steven Takehana
I just finished reading the constitution and it has problems.
Article 7 will cause international problems. We are declaring that we can move people anywhere we want without the country's approval.
Article 8 round about declares the legal age is 16. It either needs to be clearly defined or any age relating term removed.
Article 9 talks about citizens required obligation which needs to be clearly defined. If you can loose your citizenship over this it needs to be extremely clear on what it is. Also in article 9 section 5, paying taxes is fine but why levies? Section 10 is pretty harsh and makes this a criminal paradise. What do we do with our criminals?
Article 11 section 5, define a healthy lifestyle or remove completely. I personally don't think it is needed in the constitution.
Article 13 section 2, why gor? Why does this need to be defined in constitution and I feel like we should vote on a name for the currency. Also if it is left in, are there sub parts to the gor, like dollars to pennys? Section 4, we will have a national central bank?
Article 16, section 6, part g, the name royal council of supreme values is first noted to me and sounds like something out of 1984. It should be cut down to royal council.
Article 17, section 4, part a, define moral ideals.
Article 18, section 3, why use propaganda? Section 4, it counterproductive because it is protected under free speech. I approve of it but it needs to be moved under article 8, section 4, part a, as a restriction.
Article 22-23, how are we protected? Is there a national police? Article 22, section 5, define immoral and antisocial behavior. Section 6, define immoral
Article 23, how are we forecasting threats? This can be used to remove people unjustly.
Article 25,section 2, what about hacking or the hos assuming control over them for personal gain? Section 4. The term commander in chief implies military. Will we have one? Section 5 implies we will have an airforce ofsome kind. Again are we going to have a military?
Article 27, section 1-6, having 13 official language's that change is crazy. This leaves too many problems for educational, government. Government officials will be required to know all 13 current official languages. We need 1 primary language to be taught in school's and for official use and have all other languages official recognized.
Article 30,section 2, "the head of state is the head ofof the government and is not part of any of the branches of government", needs to ne removed. The hos is a governmental position and should be concider part of it.
Article 31, section 5. The part about treaties should be its on section.
Article 32, section 4, the max age should be removed due to advancements in medical science will increase the average human life span and 75 can be the new 20 in the future. Section 11, immunity from what? Personal safety meaning physical protection? Section 12, makes hos all powerful lord. Too much power here. Part a, appoints and removes head of the royal court. What if they disagree with them? The removal should be under parliament powers. Part b, should be removed. The prosecutor general is a check and balance role for the hos. They should have little to no control over who has this role. Many of these roles should be voted into office. Part c, needs to be removed. Hos should have no power over parliament. Part e, should also be removed at minimal reworded. Part f, states we will have a military and honorary titles. Define honorary titles. We shouldn't be giving out military rank to anyone. It should be earned.
Article 33, the rcosv, should again be renamed to royal council and have a set number of members. section 2, age limits should be dropped and it pretty much states anyone can be a member as long as they're over 60.
Article 34, section 2, why 150 members? Section 3, age limit should be reduced. Section 5, age limit should be removed and they shouldn't remain in office for an unlimited terms. Section 11, hos dissolve parliament should be removed. Prosecutor general should be an elected position. Section 12, part e, should be removed. Section 12, part f, should be a joint power not the sole power of parliament.
Article 35, section 4, age limit should be removed. Section 9, there should be a fine and or some form of punishment for no budget. Let's not let this be a political tool.
Article 37, section 5, age limit should be removed. Section 7, there shouldn't be a changing internal code of conduct. It should be set and confirmed by hos and parliament. Section 10, immunity from what? Why for life? How to remove a corrupt justice?
Article 39, nao should not be influenced be hos or parliament. The chairman shouldn't be appointed by hos but recommend is fine. Approved by parliament and removed by royal court.
Article 40, security service? National police? Military? What is it?
Article 43, 2/3 of citizens and reference giving doesn't make sense.
Article 46, hos decrees should be required to follow the constitution and and decrees that don't should no longer be in effect.
That's the main issues and thoughts I had on the draft.


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text:
Q: C++ Not Requiring Array Length with Recursive Sorting Algorithms Some may or may not know that you can get the size of an array argument to a function using this code:
template<typename DataType, size_t SIZE>
void SortingAlgorithm(DataType (&array)[SIZE])
{
  ...
  return;
}

where SIZE can be used to represent the number of elements in the array, allowing the, programmer using your function to pass the array as an argument without explicitly passing the length. For example, the programmer can do this:
SortingAlgorithm( arrayToBeSorted ); //the length is not passed here, which is fine

For Algorithms that can be implemented relatively easily in an iterative style, this is fine. But I've tried to do this with other algorithms that are recursive. The code for each one might look something like this:
template<typename DataType, size_t SIZE>
void SortingAlgorithm(DataType (&array)[SIZE])
{
  DataType newArray[SIZE];
  memcpy(newArray,array, SIZE);  //copy to a new array
  SortingAlgorithm( newArray );
  ...
  return;
}

But this throws an error every time saying that the program expects a different argument type, type conversion has failed, and shows an attempt to typecast the SIZE specifier for the newArray array multiple times, and the program fails. It does not however spit out these errors if I use an actual value to define the size of newArray before making the recursive call, like this:
DataType newArray[10]; //arbitrary number, but the compiler accepts this.

Why is it that a variable sized array causes an error? Also is there anyway to implement a recursive algorithm that accepts an array as input but does not require the length of the array as an argument because It can determine the length of the array each time within the function call?

A: Make a helper function that takes a size, it can be used internally by your other function, and nobody has to know about it.  For example:
template<typename DataType>
void SortingAlgorithm_helper(DataType * ptr, size_t size)
{
    ...
    SortingAlgorithm_helper(ptr + 1, size - 1);
    ...
}

template<typename DataType, size_t SIZE>
void SortingAlgorithm(DataType (&array)[SIZE])
{
    ...
    SortingAlgorithm_helper(newArray,SIZE);
    ...
}

By your comments, you are considering switching to vector.  Well, you don't have to make a choice here.  You can make the code much more generic to handle both.  Instead of passing in a pointer and a size to the helper function, we pass in two iterators designating a range.  Then we modify the main function to accept any container, as long as std::begin and std::end work on it.
template<typename Iterator>
void SortingAlgorithm_helper(Iterator first, Iterator last)
{
    ...
    SortingAlgorithm(++first, last);
    ...
}

template<typename Container>
void SortingAlgorithm(Container & c)
{
    ...
    SortingAlgorithm_helper(std::begin(c), std::end(c));
    ...
}

This should handle built-in arrays, std::vector, std::array and std::deque.  If you limit the operations performed on the iterators to bi-directional (++ and --), then it should handle std::list as well.

A: Don't do this. Instead, use one of the following options:

*

*Use a std::vector (it has a size() method) instead of an array.

*Pass in the size of the array as an additional argument to your function.

As for recursive algorithms, don't just copy the elements into a new array, it's time consuming.
Instead, pass in two pointers to the beginning and the end of the portion of the array that you want to process (look at how STL algoritms work, std::sort doesn't take a container, instead it takes two iterators).
Note however, that this actually depends on the details of the algorithm you're using, some algorithms may actually require explicit copying, but you should avoid it when possible.

A: The template generates code at compile time, specifying a value like 10 allows it to generate code because it knows what value to use.  Specifying something that can not be determined at compile time(like a variable that only has a value at run time) means it doesn't know what value to use when generating code.

A: The compiler needs to figure out the sizes at compile time, not run time.  My compiler accepts your code as written, but apparently yours can't figure out the size.  You can explicitly tell it the size like this:
SortingAlgorithm<DataType, SIZE>( newArray );.
Both versions of that line of code work with my compiler.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Boris Johnson says he hasn't 'over-promised' throughout coronavirus crisis
·Senior news reporter, Yahoo News UK
'Over-promising'? Boris Johnson faces questions at Monday's Downing Street press conference. (PA)
Boris Johnson has denied "over-promising" during the coronavirus pandemic after cancelling Christmas days after saying this would be "inhuman".
On Saturday, the prime minister was forced to scrap the UK's "Christmas bubbles" plan that would have allowed three households to mix between 23 and 27 December.
In England, household mixing is now only allowed on Christmas Day in Tiers 1, 2 and 3 – while no mixing whatsoever is permitted in areas in the newly created Tier 4.
That announcement came just three days after Johnson said it would be "frankly inhuman" to "ban Christmas", even as it was known COVID-19 infections were on the increase.
Watch: How Boris Johnson's message on Christmas has changed
During Monday's Downing Street press conference, it meant Johnson faced questions of "over-promising and under-delivering" and causing public confusion.
The PM appeared to deny this as he said: "It is very important to be as realistic as we possibly can.
"I don't think anybody would want to have seen this country spend this last year in a total lockdown.
"We have had to do what we can to keep our economy moving."
However, there have been a number of other occasions during the pandemic in which Johnson's promises have not been met. Here are a few examples…
19 March: 'Turn the tide'
This was a time, admittedly, when less was known about COVID. But Johnson said the UK would "turn the tide of this disease" in 12 weeks.
To a limited extent, he was correct. The nation moved out of lockdown in June.
Yet infections began spreading rapidly again in the autumn, and the government has been losing its battle against the virus ever since – to the extent that Johnson was in the position of having to cancel people's Christmases.
Boris Johnson at Monday's Downing Street press conference. (Tolga Akmen/PA)
20 May: 'Defeat this disease'
The PM promised MPs a testing and contact tracing system, later named NHS Test and Trace, "that will help us very greatly to defeat this disease and move the country forward".
He added: "We will have a test, track and trace operation that will be world-beating."
On Thursday, Test and Trace only reached its 80% target for reaching close contacts of COVID-positive people for the second time since launching.
17 July: 'Normality from November'
Setting out a major easing of coronavirus rules, the PM said normality was possible from November.
"It is my strong and sincere hope that we will be able to review the outstanding restrictions and allow a more significant return to normality from November at the earliest – possibly in time for Christmas."
In fact, it was November when Johnson was reimposing a national lockdown on England.


text:
5 Januari 2016 simonKesehatan4 Komentar pada Attila The Hun
Attila The Hun, the leader of the Kingdom of Hun
Attila The Hun is the king of the Hun tribes, gangs are located in the region of the Great Hungarian plains in the 5th century BC. In its heyday, Hun Empire stretching across Central Europe. Hun horde of the Roman empire regarded as barbarians and threaten the Roman Empire by seizing and destroying many cities belonging to the Roman government.
Birth of Attila is still unknown, but he died in 453 BC on the eve of her wedding. Attila's death still a debate between whether he died naturally or was murdered wife named Ildico. The news of his death immediately welcomed by the Roman Empire.
Although the name is closely associated with the conquest and destruction, history reveals that the figure of Attila The Hun turned out to have a track record that is much more complicated. On the one hand he destroyed several cities belonging to the Roman, on the other hand he is also working to help other barbarian groups such as the Burgundians and Goths.
Despite his followers managed to loot and extort nearly half of the eastern part of the Roman empire to as many as thousands of kilograms of gold, Attila was actually relatively simple life. Priscus diplomat had once entertained Attila and serves fancy food, but Attila did not eat anything other than meat served on a wooden board.
Take Over Power
Tribe hun
Attila is the son of Mundzuk and mother unknown. He was born of the royal family and lives in a luxurious environment but still adheres to traditional ways of life of the Hun tribes, nomadic tribes who migrated into Europe from Central Asia in the year 370 AD.
Attila with family taught archery, sword fight, using a lasso, and riding and caring for horses. He also studied the possibility of war siege strategy taught the former detainees in the Roman army during the war. This strategy proved important to bring success in offensive operations conducted Hun tribe. Not much is known about the beliefs of Attila, however, he is a believer in the forecast.
Attila with his brother Bleda started together led an army in 434, just after the death of their uncle named Rua who is also the king of the Huns. Rua tried to attack the eastern part of the Roman empire and destroy dissident tribes fleeing from Hun rule.
Attila and his Huns focuses unite kingdom, which spans parts of Central Europe. Although tribal leaders Hun is the kingdom, history indicates that the region is also controlled other groups, such as ethnic dissidents are also hunted by their uncle. The first military attack of Attila starts to attack the Burgundians, a group allied with the Eastern Roman Empire. This attack success and Attila troops massacred the tribe because it has been out of the runway and lifestyle Hun tribe.
Attila forces again attacked the Roman empire, the Goths. However, this time they suffered defeat at the city of Toulouse. This defeat makes Attila troops retreated to the Danube region to restore order. They made a peace agreement with the Roman empire where Attila and Bleda each pay about 300 kilograms of gold per year to the kingdom.
War with the Eastern Roman Empire
hun and roman
Gold deposit of Attila and Belda very much, this deposit will not last long. At 441, the Eastern Roman empire sent troops to Sicily and North Africa to fight the vandals group. This moment becomes an arena for Attila to take advantage of the situation to launch an attack in the region of the Danube River to the Eastern Roman Empire.
Hun troops to move quickly, their first destination is the city of Constantia. With so many Byzantine best troops who participated in the attack against the Vandals, Huns troops could not be stopped. Attila and Bleda move through the Balkans, ignoring the peace offer of the Emperor Theodosius II. In the end, the Roman emperor to call back troops from Sicily. Attila and Bleda withdraw troops and returned to the Danube region with the result that a lot of loot.
In the year 445, Bleda killed and made Attila became the sole leader of the Hun army. Bleda own cause of death is still unknown. Attila does not solve all the affairs of the Eastern Roman Empire. In 446, after Theodosius II refused the offer Attila to pay with gold, he launched his next attack to the Roman Empire.
A few months after the rejection of Theodisdius II, Constantinople hit by an earthquake and make the residents rebuild the city. This earthquake made the Eastern Roman Empire to do everything to take refuge from attack Hun forces. However, Hun itself did not attack the capital of the Byzantine empire. Hun forces chose to attack and loot the castle and the surrounding town. They controlled almost the entire region surrounding the capital of the Eastern Roman empire.
Request for Attila
Meet the whales
This series of events makes Attila turned his attention to the West, towards France. In the year 450, the daughter Honoria, daughter of the Western Roman emperor named Valentinian III, asking for help Attila. Honoria was an ambitious where Roman emperors tried to marry him to a passive man who can keep him away from the power struggle of the Western Roman empire.
Honoria send waitress named Hycinthus to Attila and offered gold if he would intervene in this affair. Hycinthus also gave a ring to Attila, who turned out to be misinterpreted by Attila as a sign that Honoria wanted to marry by Attila. Hycinthus back and bring the letter offering Honoria that Attila wanted to be co-ruler of the Western Roman empire.
Honoria did not want to marry Attila and eventually chose to marry the person chosen for his father. Attila forced the Roman Empire to marry Honoria, but his request was rejected. Attila threatened to expel the Roman ruler of the kingdom and began to move toward France.
Attila action is made must fend for themselves. Western and Eastern Roman Empire eventually unite to fight the Hun army attacks. Both are also allied with the forces that are so hated Attila Visigoths. Other barbarian groups in France are also united to help the Roman army.
Roman and allied troops Atilla finally meet in the northeastern region of France in the battle known as the Battle of Chalons, or a battle on the plains catalunya. War lasted even up to the sky darkening and becoming one of the endless battle.
Attila very fiery. He does not care about his life and wants to maintain its reputation with unbeaten dead. However, Attila finally withdraw its troops and return to the region of Central Europe.
In 452, he brought troops to the northern region of Italy. After spending time looted and destroyed the city in northern Italy, Attila meets with Pope Leo I, which came as a messenger. There is no historical evidence about what happened, but Attila withdraw its troops and return to the region of Central Europe. Several hypotheses explain that Attila possibility was told that the Roman army launched an offensive towards the Middle East territory and Attila the Hun forces feel that the attack had been exaggerated.
Attila's death
Attila revival
Several years later , after holding a big rapid , Attila was found dead on her wedding night . Cause of death is still being debated . One source , the author of the 6th century Jordanes named , claimed that he died due to excessive bleeding because too excited when partying . The truth of this statement itself is still questionable .
Attila was buried in a coffin made of gold , silver , and iron . Those who prepare the funeral may have been killed so that the location of the tomb of the unknown .
After his death , Hun empire collapse. Children of Attila fight for power with each other . But their greatest enemy , the Western Roman empire , had collapsed in just a few decades later . Part of the dreaded Attila forecast that the kingdom would collapse proved right .
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4 thoughts on "Attila The Hun"
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All about me | Affinity Trust
Score Community Opportunities Service in Hereford offered the 'All About Me' course to the people they support for the first time in 2014, in partnership with Red Spark Learning, and it was incredibly popular.
All About Me helps people to talk about their lives and share what's important to them by creating a Moviemaker movie about themselves and their lives. As well as helping to develop IT skills, the course is designed to encourage people to think about their present, their past, and their plans for the future. The course was provided as part of Herefordshire Council's community learning programme.
Nine people participated in the 10 week course, in which a facilitator, using laptops and digital cameras, helped those taking part to work towards producing an 'All About Me' personalised DVD. The training was provided for free by Red Spark Learning, a not-for-profit Community Interest Company which runs a wide range of courses and workshops for adults in Herefordshire.
Rosemary Wooderson – Support Manager at Score Community Opportunities – said: "The course was a huge success, the tutor was really well liked and great at engaging people. There was a lot of laughter and excitement when 'All About Me' was happening. It is also proved a marvellous way for the participants to share with staff what's really important to them. This applies particularly to people we support who do not communicate verbally."
Watch Tasha's 'All About Me' video:


text:
The Republic of Texas | Early Statehood | Giants of Texas History | Native American Relations
Rangers and Outlaws | Texas Characters | Flags and Maps | The Texas Constitution
The Republic of Texas - The Texas Revolution
The Treaties of Velasco
On April 21, 1836, the forces of the Mexican army under General Santa Anna were handed a decisive defeat by the Texans at San Jacinto. Dressed as a common soldier, Santa Anna attempted to flee, but was taken prisoner the following day.
On May 14, Santa Anna signed two peace treaties with interim Texas president David G. Burnet. The public treaty consisted of ten articles; a second, secret treaty consisted of six additional articles. The secret agreement was to be carried out when the public treaty had been fulfilled.
The public treaty provided that hostilities would cease and that Santa Anna would withdraw his forces below the Rio Grande and not take up arms again against Texas. In addition, he also pledged to restore property that had been confiscated by the Mexicans. Both sides promised to exchange prisoners on an equal basis. The Texans would send Santa Anna back to Mexico and would not pursue the retreating Mexican troops.
In the secret agreement, the Texans agreed to release Santa Anna immediately in exchange for his pledge to use his influence to secure Mexican recognition of Texas independence. Santa Anna would not only withdraw all troops and not take up arms against Texas again, but would arrange for a favorable reception by the Mexican government of a Texas mission and a treaty of commerce. The Texas border would be the Rio Grande.
On May 26, General Vicente Filisola began withdrawing Mexican troops in fulfillment of the public treaty. However, the Texas army blocked Santa Anna's release by the Texas government. Moreover, the Mexican government refused to accept the treaties on the grounds that Santa Anna had signed them as a captive. Since the treaties had now been violated by both sides, they never took effect. Mexico was not to recognize Texas independence until the U.S.-Mexican War was settled by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848.
Click on the image for larger image and transcipt.
The Public Treaty of Velasco.
Click on the image for larger image and transcript.
The Secret Treaty of Velasco.
<< The Battle of San Jacinto | The Archives War >>
Republic of Texas Exhibit Home
Subject categories and links in this Republic of Texas online exhibit:
Prelude to War
The Long Expedition
The Turtle Bayou Resolutions
The Texas Revolution
Sam Houston's Call for Volunteers
The Texas Declaration of Independence
The Grass Fight
The Siege of Bexar
The Goliad Massacre
The Battle of San Jacinto
The Republic of Texas
The Archives War
The Mier Expedition
Negotiating for Peace with Mexico
Republic of Texas Currency
See Also: Handbook of Texas article on the Republic of Texas
Page last modified: December 5, 2017


text:
Q: Success/fail message won't after submitting form I got this code somewhere online and it works except for the success and failure message. When I submit the form it just goes to a blank page. How can I show the message whether it is sent or not? Please help and Thanks in advance! :)
HTML code:
<form class="form-horizontal" role="form" method="post" action="contact.php" style=" padding:30px;">

        Name

          <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" name="name" placeholder="First and Last Name">
          <?php echo $errName; ?>

        Email

          <input type="email" class="form-control" id="email" name="email" placeholder="example@domain.com">
          <?php echo $errEmail; ?>

        Message

          <textarea class="form-control" rows="4" name="message"></textarea><?php echo $errMessage; ?>

          <input id="submit" name="submit" type="submit" value="Send" class="btn btn-primary">

          <?php echo $result; ?>

    </form>

and here is my PHP code
    <?php
  if ($_POST["submit"]) {
    $name = $_POST['name'];
    $email = $_POST['email'];
    $message = $_POST['message'];
    $human = intval($_POST['human']);
    $from = 'Contact Form';
    $to = 'nikita_lim@rocketmail.com';
    $subject = 'New Message ';

    $success = mail($to, $subject, $message);

    $body ="From: $name\n E-Mail: $email\n Message:\n $message";
    // Check if name has been entered
    if (!$_POST['name']) {
      $errName = 'Please enter your name';
    }

    // Check if email has been entered and is valid
    if (!$_POST['email'] || !filter_var($_POST['email'], FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
      $errEmail = 'Please enter a valid email address';
    }

    //Check if message has been entered
    if (!$_POST['message']) {
      $errMessage = 'Please enter your message';
    }
// If there are no errors, send the email
if (!$errName && !$errEmail && !$errMessage) {
  if (mail ($to, $subject, $body, $from)) {
    $result='
Thank you for contacting us. We will be in touch with you very soon.

';
  } else {
    $result='
Sorry there was an error sending your message. Please try again later.
';
  }
}
  }
?>

A: Try this PHP code
<?php
      if ($_POST["submit"]) {
        $name = $_POST['name'];
        $email = $_POST['email'];
        $message = $_POST['message'];
        //$human = intval($_POST['human']);
        $from = 'Contact Form';
        $to = 'nikita_lim@rocketmail.com';
        $subject = 'New Message ';

        //$success = mail($to, $subject, $message);

        $body ="From: $name\n E-Mail: $email\n Message:\n $message";
        // Check if name has been entered
        if (!$_POST['name']) {
          $errName = 'Please enter your name';
        }

        // Check if email has been entered and is valid
        if (!$_POST['email'] || !filter_var($_POST['email'], FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
          $errEmail = 'Please enter a valid email address';
        }

        //Check if message has been entered
        if (!$_POST['message']) {
          $errMessage = 'Please enter your message';
        }
    // If there are no errors, send the email
    if (!isset($errName) && !isset($errEmail) && !isset($errMessage)) {
      if (mail ($to, $subject, $body, $from)) {
        $result='
Thank you for contacting us. We will be in touch with you very soon.

';
      } else {
        $result='
Sorry there was an error sending your message. Please try again later.
';
      }
    }
    else{
        $result='
Please enter valid details.
';
        }
      }

    ?>

Please use isset or empty before print php variable

A: $result='Sorry there was an error sending your message. Please try again later.';
echo "";


Whipped Cream, Parody Song Lyrics of Motley Crue, "Primal Scream"
Song Parodies -> "Whipped Cream"
Deal with the pressures by playing with lube.
That's hilarious! Especially the last verse made it for me, great stuff!
The address of this page is: http://www.amiright.com/parody/90s/motleycrue2.shtml For help, see the examples of how to link to this page.


text:
Getting It Done For Central Victoria
Central Victoria is a big winner in the Victorian Budget 2016/17External Link . It's all about jobs, with a record investment in infrastructure and other projects to create new jobs and help workers gain a foothold in the fast-growing sectors that will define Victoria's economic future. The Budget includes:
$325 million in jobs initiatives for infrastructure and services, with upgrades to irrigation, water security, mobile blackspots, street scaping and important planning work for local projects.
Massive investment in public transport and roads, with more V/Line rolling stock ordered to support further Bendigo line services.
$6.1 million to modernise, upgrade or regenerate two schools, and new Tech Schools in Bendigo and Ballarat.
A $101 million Regional Tourism Infrastructure Fund, which will upgrade tourist landmarks and encourage the growth of the lucrative tourist dollar across the whole state.
A payroll tax cut for approximately 36,000 businesses across Victoria, with the payroll tax-free threshold lifted to $650,000 over the next four years.
In regional Victoria, safe and reliable transport is everything, and the Budget provides a massive investment to improve public transport and roads across rural and regional Victoria, as well as creating jobs.
The Budget invests $1.3 billion to make regional rail services more frequent and reliable, and position the whole system for the longer-term expansion that our growing regions will eventually need.
More services are coming, too. $280 million will fund 27 new VLocity carriages, and $131 million will increase passenger rail services for Ballarat, Traralgon, Geelong, Shepparton, Bendigo and Warrnambool. This means that the Bendigo line will have an additional two off-peak return services every day. There will also be an extra weekday off-peak return service for the Maryborough line. The Budget also includes $2 million to undertake the detailed planning needed to upgrade the Bendigo line.
The Budget provides $260 million to repair unsafe and deteriorating road surfaces across regional Victoria. Further investment will fund measures such as flexible road barriers and centre line upgrades.
Planning will commence on improvements to the Midland Highway between Castlemaine and Harcourt, as well as for upgrade options the intersection of Barry Street and Melbourne-Lancefield Road in Romsey.
The Budget funds $427 million in road safety upgrades, most of which will be invested in regional Victoria, as well as a $52 million package of works for the smaller, local roads that people rely on every day. The Budget also provides $51.6 million to build overtaking lanes on other major highways across the state.
$151 million will be invested in modernising, upgrading and regenerating regional schools across the state. Local schools to be upgraded include Sunbury and Macedon Ranges Special School, Woodend Primary. Chewton Primary will receive funds for a special project to build school and community pride.
Jobs start with skills. The Government's $320 million TAFE Rescue Fund has already saved campuses across the state including Bendigo TAFE. A $92 million investment in 10 new Tech Schools, including one in Bendigo, will bring a real, hands-on education into the secondary school curriculum.
Early learning gets a boost. The Government is investing $4.4 million to help struggling regional kinders keep operating and $133 million to make sure parents can access free Maternal and Child Health services.
The Budget invests $2.9 billion in our health system, so families in rural and regional Victoria have hospitals and services they can rely on. This includes $200 million for the Regional Health Infrastructure Fund.
Other investments include $132 million for clinical mental health services, $57.3 million to support vulnerable children and their families, and additional funding to confront the ice crisis that is gripping regional Victoria.
It's a fact: there are higher rates of family violence reports in regional areas, and the Budget invests $572 million to implement the initial response to the Family Violence Royal Commission, including a housing blitz and more support for specialist services.
Country police deserve our support, too. The Budget invests $596 million in additional police, equipment, technology and services across the whole state, so police get the resources they need to keep us safe.
Regional emergency services need the best training to deal with the threat of fire. The Budget includes $80.7 million to upgrade facilities at six emergency training centres, and $74 million to boost forest fire management. A further $37.1 million will be invested to continue and expand the Emergency Medical Response Program to 35 integrated Country Fire Authority brigades.
As part of a $46.2 million package, a new training facility will be built in the Central Highlands area to replace the Fiskville Training College and the Huntly Victorian Emergency Management Centre will be upgraded, ensuring high quality training facilities are available to the State's firefighters.
The Budget invests $46.6 million to support community sports and events including country football and netball clubs and creates a $20 million Regional Events Fund, to support a strong and sustainable calendar of regional events. $7 million for the Bendigo Arts Precinct will ensure Bendigo remains one of the great arts and cultural hubs of our state.
Quotes attributable to Premier Daniel Andrews
"All Victorians deserve decent services – no matter where they live. That's why we're investing in regional public transport, schools and roads to deliver jobs and prosperity for regional Victoria. "
Quotes attributable to Member for Macedon Mary-Anne Thomas
"Having visited Woodend Primary School and the Sunbury and Macedon Ranges Specialist School many times, I know how hard teachers, staff and parents work to deliver a great education for their students."
"Today's announcement will mean even better outcomes as we update and modernise ageing buildings and classrooms, which the former Liberal Government ignored. We want to ensure every child has access to a great education and can achieve their potential."
Quotes attributable to Member for Bendigo West Maree Edwards
"Extra funds for schools, roads and extra rail services, ensures that Central Victoria remains a great place to work, live and do business, as well as boosting local jobs."


My friend tells me he has problems on his XP equipped HP whenever he tries to download or play an online movie in QuickTime, RealPlayer, Macromedia Flash (and maybe more). He gets crashes and program freeze-ups, requiring re-boots most of the time. Since he is in Williamsburg, VA., and I am in Buffalo, NY--with no direct access to his machine--can anyone give me a clue as to what might be going on? Oh, yes; he is at a very low-skill level re: technology; I would rank myself as "moderately skilled."
If he is trying to download and copy illegal copies of movies, they are most likely filled with spyware, malware, etc. Run antivirus and antispyware apps in safe mode.
Then try inserting a dvd into the dvd player and use something like windvd to view it.
If it works, then it works, and tell them not to download illegal copies uless they want to trash their system.
Thanks for the suggestion, but that's not his problem. One of the sites that he said crashed his Juno program was http://www.cbs.com/latenight/lateshow/great_presidential_speeches/. I sent him the link only, and he said he ended up having to reboot. The other incidents are all with legitimate sites as well (assuming you agree that Letterman is legitimate).
It sounds like a video codec became corrupt. Have they tried installing a different media player, or updating the current one?
Thanks for that insight. I'll pass it along and we'll see what happens.


Born in Brunswick is doing everything possible to bring you consistently delicious coffee that preserves qualities inherent to specific origins, varietals and processing methods.
To this end, we offer blend and single origin espresso, as well as batch brew and pour over filter coffee. Our current blend is roasted by Industry Beans, while our single origin and filter offerings change frequently and represent a variety of roasters and origins.
Coffee is an amazing natural product whose potential is determined in its cultivation by producers who, in many cases, have almost nothing. Therefore a commitment to positive and transparent producer relationships is vital to their prosperity - and in turn our supply of delicious coffee.