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Q: Failed to plot graph of two arrays in Octave I have created two arrays in octave using a for loop and I want to create a graph using the data of the two arrays. But it showed an error " invalid value for array property "xdata"" and displayed an empty graph.
for i=1:16
 x=1+(10^6)*2
 h{i}=1/(10.^i)
 fdd1{i}=(sin(1+h{i})-sin(1))/h{i}
 error_f1{i}=fdd1{i}-cos(1)
endfor
**fplot(loglog(h,error_f1));**

Am I making mistakes in plotting the graph? May I know how to solve this problem?

A: Yes, you are doing all the possible mistakes in that snippet.

*

*your variables h and error_f are cell arrays. The function loglog takes numeric arrays. I believe your specific error comes from there. You can convert them with cell2mat as in loglog (cell2mat (h), cell2mat (error_f1)) but I would argue that would still be incorrect since you should have never created a cell array in the first place (see point 4).

*your data has non-positive values which you can't plot with logarithmic scale.

*the fplot function takes a function handle as argument. Why are you passing a figure handle (the output of loglog) to it?

*Octave is a language designed around vectorized operations. It's syntax has a strong emphasis and you will suffer if you don't. You should not have a for loop for this. Just remove your indexing and make your multiplication and division element-wise. This also fixes problem 1 since you will end up with a numeric array

r = 1:16;
x = 1 + (10^6)*2;
h = 1 ./ (10.^r);
fdd1 = (sin (1+h) - sin (1)) ./ h;
error_f1 = fdd1 - cos(1);

Rule of thumb in Octave: if you ever see a for loop, chances are you are doing it wrong.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Winter is the season that is always awaited. During winter, the temperature in the region is very cold. When winter comes we can't forget about the snow. The scenery where everything is white gives a refreshing impression. For winter areas, the clothes that you must wear is a thick clothing that can make you warm. However, sometimes many people who are confused must wear what kind of clothes. The air that can reach minus 0 degrees makes people forced to wear jackets to get rid of the cold. As a result, the appearance was not stylish because it was only wrapped in that jacket.
During winter, Sweaters and coats become mandatory. But if you feel bored with your style like that, you can combine the clothes that you wear, so that it looks fashionable. For you who are ready to take a walk with your friends, there's nothing wrong with trying the appearance by combining jeans and turtlenecks. You also can wear a coat, you can use long coat combined with turtleneck and jeans. Not only makes your body warm, this appearance will make you trendier. If you want to look feminine, you can use a dress that is combined with a coat or cardigan. You can add leggings to keep it from cold weather. In addition, the items that must be owned during the winter are hats, gloves, scarves and socks. Not only to support your appearance, these items proven to make you warmer. Other parts that must be kept warm are the feet, so the selection of shoes must be considered. A pair of winter boots with low soles and anti skid can be the best choice. In addition, try to choose with warm ingredients in this shoe. Choose shoes with dark colors, so they are not easy to get dirty and choose outside material that is anti-wet because it will be exposed to snow all day. Look at the gallery below! There are some examples of winter outfits that can be your inspiration. Good luck!


Today is not only Thanksgiving, but also the feast day of St. Cecilia, the patron saint of music, who lived in Rome in the second century AD and was martyred around the year 230. According to legend, Cecilia was a devout young woman who committed herself to a life of chastity. Her parents, however, arranged a marriage for her to the pagan nobleman Valerian, leaving Cecilia so distraught that during her wedding ceremony, she removed herself from the festivities and sat alone, singing to God. When Valerian later tried to consummate the union, Cecilia refused, warning him that the angel who watched over her would punish him severely if her vow of virginity were to be broken. Valerian needed proof of the angel's existence, and Cecilia said that he would have just that, provided he first journey down the Appian Way and submit to a baptism. This he did, and sure enough, the angel appeared to him, placing a garland of lilies and roses upon Cecilia's head. The story, however, does not end well. Later denounced for distributing her belongings to the poor, Cecilia was eventually condemned to death.
In art—for example, Raphael's The Ecstasy of St. Cecilia—she is usually holding or playing a pipe organ, the instrument with which she is most associated. In poetry, John Dryden memorialized her in "A Song for St. Cecilia's Day, 1687," which George Frideric Handel, a great connoisseur of English verse, set to music in 1739. First performed on November 22 of that year, Handel's Ode to St. Cecilia's Day is an exquisite cantata—not at all a depiction of the Cecilia legend but rather, in keeping with Dryden, an apotheosis of music itself.
With its uncertain harmonic progressions, the musical depiction of chaos is sublime, though the mood of uneasiness is quickly dissipated when the tenor sings, with the commanding authority of a deity, the word Arise. The chorus answers with a pure and harmonious passage. Here, in this first movement, Handel wrote some of his most joyous music—and some of his most ingenious, as well. Listen, for example, to the deep, resonant, organ-like sonorities of the final couplet—"Through all the compass of the notes it ran, / The diapason closing full in man." The word diapason can mean a rich, full-bodied, mellifluous sound, or it can refer simply to an octave. A diapason also happens to be one of the two fundamental stops on the pipe organ. At any rate, the word should invoke feelings of consonance, harmony, and symmetry—all of which Handel's writing suggests.
If music is the agent of creation, it remains, for those on earth, a reminder of the divine. It is at once a celestial gift and a personification of human emotions. For both Dryden and Handel, music can be blissful and serene, as in the "What passion cannot music raise and quell!"—a movement that also features two extended, heartfelt solos, the soprano dovetailing beautifully with the cello. It can inspire us to war—"The trumpet's loud clangor / Excites us to arms / With shrill notes of anger. / And mortal alarms"—the trumpet and tenor sounding the battle cry, and the martial roll of the timpani (corresponding to "The double double double beat / Of the thund'ring drum …") truly bringing our blood to the boil. Music can reflect our jealousy, our pain, our anger, our desperation. And in quieter moments, it can mirror feelings of deep melancholy. In the movement commencing with "The soft complaining flute," Handel contrasts the sad desolation of the solo flute and lute continuo (the timbres becoming magical with the addition of the soprano's voice) with some spectacular coloratura on the word warbling in "Whose dirge is whisper'd by the warbling lute." More passages of impressive coloratura come later, though in Handel's hands, this writing never amounts to mere showing off, to virtuosity for its own sake. Rather, the florid embellishments always seem to enhance meaning, aligning text and music to the greatest effect.
A grand passage follows this recitative, the soprano and chorus now alternating stately lines in depicting the Day of Judgment ("So when the last and dreadful hour / This crumbling pageant shall devour"). There's a lovely modulation to a minor key here, with the somber, elegiac choral harmonies so sophisticated and rich that they would not be out of place in one of Anton Bruckner's Masses or Motets, composed well over a century later. The chorus proceeds with a long, contrapuntal passage constructed from Dryden's final couplet: "The dead shall live, the living die, / And music shall untune the sky." This vocal writing, as it is throughout the Ode to St. Cecilia's Day, is something to behold, culminating in lines of bombast and power, the bright strings and hefty timpani contributing to an effect that is almost overwhelming. It's a brilliant ending to a work of tenderness, refinement, inventiveness, and majesty.


Day 55: Spent the morning getting things ready for our arrival in the Lone Star State. Crossed the Texas border late afternoon, rolling into the town of Paris 28 miles later. Rode in the 30s yet again today. Whatever happened to that warm Texas weather? The state, of course, is governed by Rick "Oops" Perry, a prominent Keystone XL booster. Should make for an interesting final two weeks of the ride.
If you haven't already seen this powerful video documenting the dirty truth about tar sands oil extraction, please do: http://tinyurl.com/79zzgpj. Outraged yet?


Last month, Associated Builders & Contractors held one of Wisconsin's first-ever "Apprenticeship Signing Days," replicating signing-day events that are held for high-performing student athletes recruited into four-year universities to play sports.
We highlighted a youth apprentice in carpentry and a recent high school graduate who committed to the trades by signing on as a registered adult apprentice.
The event celebrated how youth apprenticeship is expanding in Wisconsin. It has become a popular career pathway for high school students who want to try out specific hands-on careers and is a resource for individuals who decide they want to pursue construction apprenticeship.
Pathways for construction apprenticeship have continuously expanded under Gov. Scott Walker's leadership, which is why I was puzzled after reading Dave Branson's letter to the editor ("Walker's apprenticeship plans too little too late," Sept. 21). Branson, president of the Wisconsin Building Trades Council, expressed his support of the gubernatorial candidate Tony Evers by downplaying the governor's record on this issue. Branson said the governor is "telling a new story that isn't based in reality" regarding his support for youth and adult apprenticeship. He characterized the governor as only supporting the expansion of apprenticeship at re-election time.
Here's the reality: Gov. Walker has shown more support for apprenticeship and careers in the skilled trades than any other governor in our lifetime.
Gov. Walker signed into law a bill that makes adult registered apprenticeship available to qualified high school seniors who want to get a head start on their careers. It's similar to high school students taking advanced-placement courses for college (dual) credit.
Gov. Walker also signed a measure to change the skilled-worker-to-apprentice ratios to 1:1, which eliminates convoluted state rules and brings Wisconsin in line with many other states with similar ratios.
Both of these pieces of legislation expand the capacity for construction apprenticeship, opening doors for individuals who may otherwise have chosen different career fields and helping to curtail worker shortages in the construction industry. ABC of Wisconsin's apprenticeship program, meanwhile, continues to set record enrollments, thanks to policies like these that effectively promote apprenticeship and fuel our economy.
Youth apprenticeship is also growing under Gov. Walker. More than 3,000 employers and 4,300 high school students participated in youth apprenticeships in the 2017-18 school year. Youth apprenticeship in architecture and construction increased 1,500 percent during the last four years, according to the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development, which administers the program. In the four years before Gov. Walker's taking office, youth apprenticeship in architecture and construction decreased by 45 percent.
I agree, and I would add that it shouldn't be a partisan issue, either. Everyone in our industry is benefited by policies that strengthen apprenticeship.
Gov. Walker has been supporting the expansion of youth apprenticeship, adult apprenticeship and the trades for many years, not just at election time, as Branson claimed. We should credit the governor for his desire to build on our many apprenticeship successes and for sharing his plans for the future.
At the very minimum, we should not distort reality.


In this episode you'll hear me talking to Ros Place from Angels with Ros.
She tells us how she felt the angels around her when she was a young child and how she pushed them away until she was 30 and had just given birth to her first son. She tells us that if we're willing, open and present, Angels want to connect with us. We also chat about prioritising our own health and wellbeing and what isn't negotiable. It's very informal, open and lots of laughter!
Listen, rate it, subscribe and please share!


text:
Adrienne Fricke
Brendan Kelley
Luc Côté
Advanced Training Program on Humanitarian Action
Despite decades of development programming for a country once upheld as a "model democracy" in Africa, Mali remains a country destabilized by extreme poverty; escalating violence and instability; and diminishing prospects for Malians' futures in education, livelihoods, and stability. Even in light of an ongoing international presence and intervention in the country, and millions of dollars raised and spent each year on humanitarian programming, the persistent degradation of governance, livelihoods, and security continues.
Fragile Future: The human cost of conflict in Afghanistan
This context analysis examines the humanitarian, political, societal, and economic dimensions that make the protracted conflict in Afghanistan intractable and precarious for civilian populations. The report is based on field visits to numerous regions in Afghanistan in July 2018 — which included interviews and consultations with a variety of actors, including political stakeholders, humanitarian agencies, and populations affected by conflict — as well as a review of recent and relevant literature.
Humanitarian Access Obstruction in Somalia: Externally Imposed and Self-Inflicted Dimensions
Access obstruction in conflict settings has emerged as a critical operational and policy concern across the humanitarian sector, but there remains a dearth of analysis regarding the ways in which humanitarian organizations perpetuate self-inflicted access obstacles. Drawing on qualitative interviews conducted with local and international actors negotiating frontline humanitarian access in Somalia, this paper will examine the ways in which this context elucidates this phenomenon. Toward this end, this paper examines two dimensions of humanitarian access obstruction in this context.
The Humanitarian as Negotiator: Developing Capacity Across the Sector
This paper examines the dynamics at play in ongoing efforts to cultivate negotiation capacity among professionals working in the humanitarian sector. Based on extensive interviews conducted with humanitarian practitioners, this paper addresses three overarching issues. The first is humanitarian professionals' current understanding of humanitarian negotiation as a concept. On this issue, the paper examines the difficulties of defining humanitarian negotiation and the competing answers to the question of how to conceptually delineate humanitarian negotiation as an activity.
Tensions of Civil-Military Engagement in Complex Emergencies: The Case of Pakistan
With the international humanitarian community's capacity to respond to large-scale and protracted emergencies stretched increasingly thin, international militaries are filling in some of the gaps. This growing involvement of militaries in humanitarian response poses unique opportunities, but also significant challenges to humanitarian practitioners. Using Pakistan as a case study, this paper explores the challenges inherent in civil-military engagement during complex humanitarian emergencies.
Gender Diversity Dynamics in Humanitarian Negotiations: The International Committee of the Red Cross as a Case Study on the Frontlines of Armed Conflicts
Negotiations for access are crucial for the success of humanitarian operations. They also occur in contexts of armed conflict and violence that typically entrench gender identities. Building on the vast research showing that gender affects the conduct and outcome of negotiations, this paper explores gender dynamics in a humanitarian setting. After outlining its methodology and surveying the relevant literature, this paper sketches out the ways 21 practitioners at the International Committee of the Red Cross see gender dynamics affecting their work in the field.
Protecting Humanitarian Action: Key Challenges and Lessons from the Field
This paper presents an overview of key challenges and dilemmas faced in the protection of humanitarian action and aims to provide an initial overview of the legal, policy, and operational trends and issues identified by ATHA through its ongoing research and discussions with practitioners. On the basis of this analysis, this paper addresses three key areas. The first section highlights knowledge and questions regarding security incidents, trends, and causes of violence, including around causes and motives for attacks, and tensions between individual and collective responses.
This report focuses on the role that laws and norms play in humanitarian negotiations. The report is based on an initial set of 35 interviews that conducted by the Advanced Training Program on Humanitarian Action (ATHA) with humanitarian professionals between May and August 2016. This document will sketch out ATHA's preliminary findings and analysis. The report is divided into five sections. Section I offers information about the methodology of the interviews that constitute the core empirical foundation for this report's findings.
This briefing note aims to support the humanitarian sector's efforts to apply a deeper level of analytical and strategic thinking to humanitarian negotiation. Toward this end, it provides an overview of how the rich body of literature focused on negotiations in other contexts—political, commercial, and legal settings, for example—can inform our understanding of humanitarian negotiation.
Humanitarian Action and the Politics of Transition: The Context of Colombia
What challenges are inherent for humanitarian practitioners when operating in a context of transition from protracted conflict to peace? This paper examines this question, focusing on Colombia as a case study. As a result of the decades long conflict in Colombia, as well as natural disasters, a host of serious humanitarian concerns persist in the country.
Explore the Interactive Briefing
Humanitarians Under Attack: Tensions, Disparities, and Legal Gaps in Protection
Humanitarian professionals working in complex environments face increasing threats and attacks that endanger their lives, violate international humanitarian law, and jeopardize the consistent and effective delivery of emergency relief to populations in need.
Negotiations are crucial for the overall success of humanitarian operations, yet these endeavors are inherently challenging. Given both the importance of humanitarian negotiations and the gravity of the difficulties faced, what is the capacity of the humanitarian sector to carry forward lessons learned from past negotiations? This paper addresses this question. Specifically, this paper examines the field of humanitarian negotiation as a unique professional domain that has encountered common challenges across different geographic contexts.
This paper examines trends in the field of humanitarian negotiation. The paper proceeds in three parts. Part I presents an overview of the key challenges faced in the field of humanitarian negotiation. Part II examines the past efforts that have been undertaken to promote a deeper understanding of this field. Based on this analysis, Part III offers concluding remarks.
Gendered Misconceptions of Militarized Identities: Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration of Female Combatants in the DRC
The prolonged conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has often been mischaracterized by a persistent narrative featuring women as perpetual victims of systemic sexual violence and male rebel groups as perpetrators. This incomplete understanding of the situation has resulted in failures to engage in effective and sustainable Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) programs in the DRC.
ATHA: Humanitarian Policy Making for Civil-Military Coordination (CIMIC)
ATHA: Humanitarian Coordination: An Overview
A vital component of humanitarian action is the coordination among all actors involved in the delivery of humanitarian assistance. Coordination within this field allows for the most efficient, cost effective, and successful operations possible. Groups seeking access to beneficiary populations often share the same objectives in regards to addressing human need and allaying suffering, but wide variance in such principle elements as organizational structure, technical and/or geographic expertise, mission, mandate, and political interest may hinder or prevent natural coordination on the field.
The Role and Responsibilities of Civil Society in International Humanitarian Law Formulation and Application
This paper examines the relationship between the legal framework of international humanitarian law (IHL) and civil society actors operating in conflict situations. Attention is paid to assessing the manner in which the latter can play a role in strengthening the humanitarian dimension of the former. Brief introductory comments are warranted so as to situate the debate, in which non-governmental organizations (NGOs) operating in a conflict zone are adopted as the primary unit of analysis.
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Resettling Syrian Refugees: The Intersection of Rehabilitation and Protection
Since the beginning of the Syrian Civil War in 2011, the neighboring countries of Lebanon, Turkey, and Jordan have collectively absorbed approximately 5 million registered refugees--not counting the untold numbers who remain unregistered. As their displacement becomes increasingly protracted and the crisis shows no signs of abating, humanitarians have highlighted the increasing need to shift focus to social cohesion and rehabilitation efforts with an eye toward long-term development.
Yemen's Cholera Crisis: Fighting Disease During Armed Conflict
Yemen currently faces the "world's worst cholera outbreak in the midst of the world's largest humanitarian crisis," according to a joint statement issued by UNICEF, the World Food Programme (WFP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) in July 2017. As of August, the WHO reported that over 500,000 suspected cholera cases and nearly 2,000 associated deaths had occurred since the end of April alone, with 41% of cases being children under 15 years of age.
Practitioner Profiles | Sawsan Samara and Joel Hernandez
In this episode, Meredith Blake speaks with Sawsan Samara and Joel Hernandez about their time working for the Elpida Home for Refugees in Thessaloniki, Greece.
Practitioner Pathways: Establishing a Career in the Humanitarian Sector
Despite the significant growth of the humanitarian sector in recent years - now employing over 250,000 professionals - practitioners often express concerns over the lack of clarity, predictability or support in establishing and maintaining a humanitarian career.
"Serious" Games: Innovative Learning in the Humanitarian Sector
Games, simulations, and role-playing exercises have become an important component of capacity building endeavors across the humanitarian sector. Additionally—as reflected in the International Committee of the Red Cross's (ICRC's) work with video game developers to ensure that certain violent video games accurately reflect norms of international humanitarian law (IHL)—games can be an important avenue toward disseminating knowledge and awareness of IHL and humanitarianism.
Famine and Conflict: The Unfolding Food Security Crisis
Humanitarian agencies project that more than 20 million people are at risk of severe food insecurity, starvation, and famine this summer in Yemen, South Sudan, Somalia, and Northeastern Nigeria. Common to all these contexts is the onset and prevalence of armed conflict. Furthermore, WFP has reported that every percentage point increase in food insecurity leads to an almost two percent increase in migration. The United Nations Secretary-General recently declared that $4.4 billion of funding is needed by July to stave off famine in these countries.
Protection of Humanitarian Action Series: Duty of Care and Sexual Violence
How much responsibility do humanitarian organizations have to protect the staff they send into the field? Due to the often austere, volatile, or insecure nature of humanitarian response settings, aid workers have long recognized the inherent personal and organizational risks of humanitarian action. Yet increasing threats and attacks against humanitarian actors in various emergency settings have spurred renewed debate over organizational responsibilities to protect not only civilian populations, but also their own staff.
Protection of Humanitarian Action Series: On Speaking Out
Deliberate violence against humanitarian practitioners and operations poses an increasingly critical challenge to the humanitarian sector as humanitarian needs continue to grow in many regions of the world. While maintaining access to populations in need, engaging with communities, and delivering life-saving humanitarian assistance, organizations must also take care to protect the safety and security of their staff, and to prevent and mitigate instances of targeted violence.
Pursuing Accountability in Syria
After over five years of war in Syria, civilians have not only been frequently caught in the crossfire, but have been intentionally targeted. According to an array of sources, homes, schools, hospitals, places of worship and cultural heritage have been destroyed - in particular during the recent siege of Aleppo - and civilians have been subjected to sexual violence, enslavement, terrorism, and other incidents.
Humanitarian Negotiation Series: The Role of Laws and Norms
What role do humanitarian law and norms play in humanitarian negotiations? Practitioners have diverse array of views: some field workers perceive that the law holds a high level of practical utility in their negotiations, while others have found it to be irrelevant to their work.
Negotiation with Non-State Armed Groups at the Frontlines
In many of today's frontline humanitarian environments, access is increasingly difficult to obtain and maintain, and continued engagement with non-state armed actors is an integral aspect of ensuring assistance and protection activities and advocating for compliance with international legal standards.
Practitioner Profile | Roxanne Krystalli
The Colombian government and Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) recently signed peace accords bringing an end to 52 years of violent conflict. For his efforts to negotiate and conclude the peace deal, Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos was awarded this year's Nobel Peace Prize on October 7. Yet on October 2, Colombian voters rejected the deal by a narrow margin in a national referendum, putting the peace process back in limbo.
Practitioner Profile | Jennifer Schirmer Part II
On August 24, 2016 the Colombian government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, commonly referred to as the FARC, signed a peace deal after 52 years of internal conflict. This peace deal marks a potential end to the over half century of violence that has killed over 220,000 Colombians and displaced more than six million.
Humanitarian Negotiation Series: Gender and Diversity
Personal relationships and trust-building constitute critical dimensions of frontline humanitarian negotiations. In order to operate effectively, in many contexts, humanitarian organizations must first ensure that they are accepted by the parties to a conflict, and establish and maintain an ongoing relationship with counterparts. Moreover, frontline negotiations occur in contexts of armed conflict or other types of violence that often accentuate or exacerbate the relevancy of personal identities such as gender, culture, ethnicity, religion, and age.
Humanitarian Negotiation Series: Protection of Medical Personnel and Operations at the Frontlines
Recent high-profile attacks on humanitarian professionals and operations in Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq, among others, call attention to the growing vulnerabilities of humanitarian staff and medical operations at the frontlines. These attacks endanger lives, violate international humanitarian law, and jeopardize the effective delivery of emergency relief to populations in need. In such contexts, humanitarian organizations face difficult legal and operational challenges in reaching populations, while ensuring protection of their own staff and local partners from targeted violence.
Practitioner Profile | Jennifer Schirmer
Implications of Applying IHL to Low-Intensity Conflict: From Internal Disturbance to Armed Conflict
Humanitarian actors increasingly find themselves in contexts where the application of the norms and concepts of international humanitarian law (IHL) is contested. In particular, those working in possible situations of non-international armed conflict are often faced with the fact that it can be far from clear whether or not there exists a situation of armed conflict, which is required for the application of IHL.
Practitioner Profile | Sareta Ashraph
In this practitioner profile, ATHA is joined by Sareta Ashraph, Chief Analyst on the Commission of Inquiry on the Syria crisis since May 2012. The Commission was established by the UN Human Rights Council in August 2011 to investigate and document violations of international law in Syria.
The World Humanitarian Summit: Outcomes and Reflections
The World Humanitarian Summit (WHS) convened 9,000 representatives from humanitarian agencies, governments, crisis-affected communities, and the private sector. Driven by a consensus that the current humanitarian system is unable to cope with the intensifying needs of populations affected by conflict and disaster, the WHS aimed to take stock of the achievements and failed interventions of a sector confronted with rapidly evolving challenges and recommit stakeholders to the foundational principles of humanitarian assistance, protection, and institutional reform.
Practitioner Profile | Dr. Jemilah Mahmood
The World Humanitarian Summit, held in Istanbul on May 23-24, 2016, was guided by a framework articulated by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's "Agenda for Humanity," focusing on areas such as preventing and ending conflicts, enhancing promotion of community resilience, proactive emergency planning, and inter-organizational coordination. In this Practitioner Profile, ATHA is joined by Dr. Jemilah Mahmood, Under Secretary General for Partnerships at the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). Dr.
Politics of Aid in Ukraine
Two years of conflict in the Donbas region of Ukraine has continued to intensify since early March of this year. An estimated 3.1 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance, particularly in terms of protection, unimpeded access of humanitarian agencies, continuous supply of water, food and emergency shelter, and other critical services.
The Role of Humanitarian Professionals in Promoting Respect for IHL
Amidst recurring violations of international humanitarian law (IHL), strengthening compliance with these international norms is indispensable to the protection of civilians in armed conflict. While improvements in accountability have been brought over recent decades to the international judiciary response, particularly with the establishment of the International Criminal Court and Special Tribunals, these mechanisms also face inherent limitations.
Securing Access: Maintaining Presence & Proximity in Insecure Settings
Recurring violence against civilians and humanitarian aid workers affects both the quantity and quality of protection and assistance reaching the most vulnerable populations. It also requires a reassessment of how humanitarian professionals plan and strategically implement aid delivery in insecure environments. Global data indicate that there is a relatively small pool of international aid agencies that consistently work in the most dangerous countries, and not enough to meet demand. This results in significant gaps in assistance where it is needed most.
Gender Perspectives on IHL
Armed conflict affects men, women, girls and boys in fundamentally different ways, often exacerbating pre-existing gender inequalities in society. In this context, how well does international humanitarian law (IHL) account for these differences in the protection of vulnerable populations in situations of conflict?
In the Same Boat: Morocco's Migration Lessons for Europe
This year, hundreds of thousands of people crossed the Mediterranean and Europe's eastern borders seeking refuge. But while global attention was fixed on the boats struggling through the waves, or huddled behind barbed-wire borders, little thought has been given to what happens next. Europe will soon find itself facing the dilemma of how to manage its newest residents - a challenge that Morocco has already faced.
We are in the same boat.
Data Collection and Refugee Protection
As the numbers of migrants and refugees entering Europe continue to increase, data collection and analysis, particularly through mobile technology, social media, and crowdsourcing, provide humanitarian actors with key insights into critical protection gaps and emerging trends. Yet the growing use of information technology over the last decade has also introduced new concerns regarding the ethics, security, and utility of data for the humanitarian sector.
Supporting Community Resilience in Conflict
Resilience is an increasingly debated concept among humanitarian and development actors assisting communities impacted by natural disasters and armed conflict. Generally, there is acknowledgement of the need to strengthen individual, community and institutional mechanisms for coping with violence. Yet there is little agreement as to what resilience actually means, especially in the context of communities affected by conflict. Some consider resilience to be an end goal, while others consider it to be a process of adaptation.
Practitioner Profiles: Colombia in Transition with Joanna Radziukiewicz
Colombia is on the verge of transition, as negotiators near agreement on a peace deal to end the country's decades-long armed conflict between the government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC. With this optimism about peace, however, comes recognition of the country's manifold humanitarian challenges. Over 6 million Colombians have been internally displaced, for instance, the second largest population of IDPs in the world. As such, the humanitarian consequences of the conflict are likely to persist well into a post-conflict phase.
Perspectives on Access: Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups
In conversations with key experts and practitioners in the field, this podcast will explore perspectives on humanitarian engagement with non-state armed groups with a focus on challenges of access. Using contemporary examples such as Afghanistan and Yemen, the panelists will discuss key dilemmas of access faced by humanitarian aid workers in the field and reflect on practical and policy solutions that may be developed in order to ensure proximity to civilian populations in need.
Responding to the Refugee Crisis in Europe
A global refugee crisis is rapidly unfolding in Europe. Driven by protracted conflicts and persecution in countries such as Syria, Afghanistan, and Eritrea, increasing numbers of refugees are making the dangerous journey in smugglers' boats across the Mediterranean toward Greece and other European shores. European Union (EU) governments, international humanitarian organizations, and local agencies are struggling to address the influx of hundreds of thousands of displaced arriving at their borders.
Innovation Series - Promoting Innovation in Humanitarian Action
In this episode, ATHA's Anaide Nahikian speaks with Stuart Campo, Innovation Deployment Specialist withUNICEF's Global Innovation Center.
Innovation Series - New Information Technologies and Humanitarian Security: An Interview with Raquel Vazquez Llorente
In this episode, ATHA's Julia Brooks speaks with Raquel Vazquez Llorente, Researcher at the European Interagency Security Forum (EISF). They discuss changes in the operational environment and security risks for humanitarian actors, organizational responses to humanitarian action in insecure settings, and the implications of new information and communications technologies for humanitarian acceptance.
Innovation Series - "Bottom Up" Innovation: an Interview with Alexander Betts and Louise Bloom
In this episode, ATHA's Anaïde Nahikian speaks with Louise Bloom, Research Officer at the Humanitarian Innovation Project at the University of Oxford, and Professor Alexander Betts, Director of the Refugee Studies Centre, also at the University of Oxford.
Innovation Series - Protection in Protracted Refugee Crises: An Interview with Melissa Fleming
In this episode, ATHA's Anaïde Nahikian speaks with Melissa Fleming, Chief of Communications and Spokesperson for the High Commissioner, at UNHCR, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. They discuss the priorities for UNHCR in addressing the key drivers of vulnerability for displaced populations, and the generational consequences of protracted refugee crises -- looking particularly at the conflict in Syria and the Mediterranean migration crisis.
Practitioner Profiles: On World Humanitarian Day, Reflections on the Bombing of the UN in Baghdad with Claude Bruderlein
Each year on August 19th, the international community observes World Humanitarian Day, marking the tragic occasion of the bombing of the UN headquarters in the Canal Hotel in Baghdad, Iraq in 2003 in which 22 staff members and visitors were killed. As we commemorate the lives lost in the pursuit of humanitarian action around the globe, and the continued risks to aid workers in the field, what have we learned since 2003?
The Protection of Humanitarian Aid Workers Under International Law
Given that aid workers frequently operate in complex and insecure settings, some risks are inherent to humanitarian action. Nonetheless, recent years have seen a significant increase, in absolute terms, in deliberate attacks against humanitarian professionals. Furthermore, most aid workers do not benefit from specific protection under international law. While aid agencies and workers take steps to protect themselves through negotiations and by building acceptance or taking protective and deterrent measures, significant gaps remain in their protection from targeted violence.
Humanitarian Negotiation in Practice
A core tension persists in the humanitarian sector surrounding the role that negotiation plays in humanitarian action. On the one hand, many feel that humanitarians have nothing to negotiate, that humanitarian action is rooted in humanitarian principles - humanity, impartiality, neutrality, and independence - which are non-negotiable. On the other hand, a reality of humanitarian field operations is that negotiations are a crucial and perpetual component of gaining and maintaining access to affected populations, protecting the security of staff, and cooperating with local actors.
Nepal: The First Two Weeks
In the 12 days since the magnitude 7.8 earthquake in Nepal on 25 April 2015, the international community has witnessed the resulting death toll climb upwards of 7,300 people, with another 14,300 injured, in the midst of aftershocks up to magnitudes of 6.7. According to preliminary assessments, over 8 million people are currently affected in 39 out of Nepal's 75 districts, and an estimated 2.8 million people are displaced.
Humanitarian Action During Transition: Lessons from Colombia
Over 50 years of internal armed conflict, along with urban violence, have fueled a persistent humanitarian crisis in Colombia. Approximately 12% of the population (5.7 million people) is internally displaced, and many people are dually affected by waves of intensifying conflict and natural disasters, such as flooding.
The Role of Monitoring, Reporting, and Fact-finding in Civilian Protection
The past several decades have seen a dramatic proliferation of monitoring, reporting, and fact-finding (MRF) missions mandated by governments and international organizations. In the recent session of the United Nations Human Rights Council alone, the Council discussed the most recent report of the Commission of Inquiry on Syria, an oral report from the Commission of Inquiry on Eritrea, as well as reports from special rapporteurs on Iran, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Myanmar, and the Palestinian territories.
Civil-Military Coordination in Humanitarian Protection
Especially in complex humanitarian emergencies, effective civil-military coordination can be crucial to maintaining humanitarian access, protecting civilians, and managing the security of aid workers. After all, military forces often play a lead role in response to natural disasters or conflicts. Yet "civ-mil" coordination poses a number of challenges, particularly in terms of preserving the neutrality, impartiality and independence of humanitarian operations while operating alongside militaries.
Private Sector Engagement in Humanitarian Response
As humanitarian leaders united in Davos this year at the World Economic Forum, one message was clear: the humanitarian system is strained, and increased collaboration with the private sector is crucial for enhancing capacity to respond to the protracted, complex crises currently confronting the humanitarian sector.
Climate Change and Displacement: Addressing Protection Gaps
Climate change and environmental degradation are increasingly becoming a humanitarian issue. Variability in climate, as well as in increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, is disrupting livelihoods, driving displacement, and contributing to conflicts over increasingly limited natural resources.
Humanitarians Under Attack: Delivering Aid in Insecure Settings
Recent high-profile attacks on humanitarian professionals in Syria and Iraq call attention to a disturbing trend: humanitarian agencies face growing threats and attacks on their staff. These attacks endanger their lives, violate international humanitarian law, and jeopardize the effective delivery of emergency relief to populations in need. Violence against humanitarian aid workers reached record highs in 2013, with 155 aid workers killed globally. So far this year, at least 82 more have been killed.
Conflict Migration: Assessing the Approaches to Rehabilitation
On World Refugee Day this year, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees reported that the number of refugees, asylum-seekers, and internally displaced people worldwide has exceeded 50 million people. Humanitarian organizations are currently struggling to address the needs of these displaced populations, due primarily to protracted armed conflict and other situations of violence.
Urban Humanitarian Response and Protection
It is estimated that half of the world's population currently resides in urban areas, and this number is expected to rise to 5 billion by 2030, with the largest cities emerging in Africa and Asia. Rapid urbanization has led to increased density, overcrowding, and strain on local infrastructure and public services. This, in turn, has reduced the security of urban dwellers, and magnified their vulnerabilities to natural disaster and violent conflict. Along with growing mass urbanization has come an unprecedented level of violence and crime in densely populated slums and shantytowns.
Humanitarian Assistance Webcast - Thinking Local: Trends and Standards in Capacity-Building
The dynamics of contemporary conflicts have made the way in which international actors understand and support local agencies increasingly important. As we have seen, states have become much more assertive in the way in which they relate to humanitarian actors and the building of local capacity is not simply good humanitarian practice but, ultimately, necessary to reach affected populations. However, humanitarian action has grown into an international industry and must contend with the variety of political and bureaucratic considerations that accompany such growth.
Humanitarian Assistance Webcast: The Contemporary Role of Faith-based Aid
Faith-based humanitarian organizations have played a central role in responding to humanitarian needs for centuries. While deeply rooted in principles of faith and charity, these organizations also represent a community of influential donors. As such, they are uniquely positioned to lead programs in assistance, protection, and advocacy in complex humanitarian environments.
Syrian Refugee Response: Evolving Protection Challenges
The Syrian refugee crisis represents one of the greatest humanitarian challenges the international community has faced over recent years, prompting record-high levels of international assistance and programming. The ongoing conflict has generated the displacement of over two million refugees since the beginning of the conflict, resulting in one of the largest, regional refugee crises in recent history.
Humanitarian Assistance Webcast: New Warfare Technologies, New Protection Challenges
Recent scientific and technological advances have given rise to unprecedented means and methods of warfare. Some of these new technologies — such as observation and combat drones — are already in use, while others — for example, nanotechnologies, combat robots, and laser weapons — are still in experimental stages. These developments have, and will continue to, profoundly change the ways that modern actors engage in armed conflict. On the one hand, these technologies can not only limit civilian losses but also can spare the lives of combatants.
Humanitarian Assistance Webcast: Yemen in Transition
Presented in partnership with Médecins Sans Frontières. Despite the Yemeni Government's commitment to the 2014 Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan and ongoing efforts toward a sustainable political transition, the country's humanitarian situation remains dire.
Engaging Violent Cities: Operational Challenges for Humanitarian Action in Urban Areas (HAW 17)
In the year 2008, for the first time in history, more than half of the world's population was living in urban areas. Cities have become more numerous, more populous, and denser. The complexity and density of urban environments significantly alter the viability of certain humanitarian protection strategies that might work well in rural, more sparsely populated areas. In addition, it has become difficult to draw the line between acute and chronic vulnerability and therefore, the identification of beneficiaries.
Lessons Learned? The Role of Humanitarians in Protection Response (Humanitarian Assistance Webcast 16)
The performance of the international humanitarian system has been under the scrutiny of a number of evaluative reports in recent months – particularly in relation to its actions and inactions in Sri Lanka, 2009. Notably, the reports present a steadfast recognition that lessons must be learned within and across organizations. However, how such conclusions will be integrated in practice still remains unclear.
The Challenges of Engagement: DRR and Civil Society
Humanitarian actors have increasingly recognized that successful disaster risk reduction (DRR) projects must be conceived as long-term, holistic initiatives geared toward enhancing the ways that states and societies approach resilience. Additionally, the humanitarian sector has learned that the success of long-term projects hinges on the participation of an actively engaged local community.
On the Basis of Humanitarian Need? The Confounding of Operational Decision Making
A central tenet of international humanitarian assistance is to fulfill the needs of a population unmet by the state in time of crisis. As such, a great deal of importance is placed upon how this need is calculated, how the collection of information might be standardized, and how the gathered information might be better shared. Despite this emphasis, it is unclear to what extent this information is used by operational decision makers. Indeed, action on the basis of need is seen as the hallmark of professionalism in the humanitarian community.
Follow the Money: How Has Aid Measured Up in 2012?
As the Global Humanitarian Assistance (GHA) 2012 Report notes, humanitarian needs in 2011 decreased from those of the previous year. Financing requests dropped by 21% and the overall funding response decreased by 9% from 2010 to 2011. However, despite this shift, the gap in unmet financing widened.
DRR, Inc.: Can the Private Sector Revive Resilience?
As the planet warms, the vulnerability of communities in less developed countries rises. According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), in 2008, 20 million people were displaced by climate-related sudden onset disasters. Additionally, as AlertNet reports, in 2011, floods, typhoons, and earthquakes caused over $274 billion of economic losses in Asia alone.
The Politics of Recovery
During the humanitarian reform process launched in 2005, humanitarian actors introduced early recovery as a humanitarian cluster to facilitate policy linkages between humanitarian relief and development. However, the scope of the early recovery cluster has since broadened to encompass a host of additional transitional activities — including stabilization and peacebuilding — relevant to post-conflict contexts.
Public Health and Humanitarian Crisis
Despite improvements in the coordination and delivery of humanitarian assistance in recent decades, armed conflict remains a leading public health concern. Mortality rates have declined in camps for refugees and internally displaced persons (IDP), but overcrowding in camps, limited supplies of potable water, and poor sanitation have still contributed to some of the worst outbreaks of communicable diseases in history. Furthermore, some humanitarian professionals have expressed concern that health-care provision in conflict is based on an outmoded model of humanitarian relief.
Peace Building and Humanitarian Engagement
The scope and character of peace-building and stabilization missions significantly affect the work of humanitarian actors. Across a range of contexts, humanitarian actors must balance principled action alongside considerations of peace. An operational format that gained traction in Boutros-Ghali's 1992 "Agenda for Peace," peace-building encompasses dimensions of peace-making, peacekeeping, and development.
Human Rights and Humanitarian Action
Human rights norms are playing an increasingly important role in humanitarian action. Yet there seems to be a growing confusion on the distinct origins and nuances of these bodies of law among practitioners engaged in humanitarian protection.
Empowering beneficiaries: Humanitarian professionals at a crossroads?
Humanitarian organizations face an inevitable tension that arises from two separate accountability structures. One framework, established by Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions of 1949, holds organizations accountable to host states and donor states. A second framework, the human rights based approach, calls for accountability to individuals affected by hostilities.
The Integration of Humanitarian Action in Political and Security Missions
In 2000, the Brahimi Report on United Nations (UN) Peace Operationsproposed a set of sweeping reforms geared toward building integrated UN peacekeeping missions. These proposals ushered in a series of structural changes — such as creating Special Representatives to the Secretary General (SRSG) and Humanitarian and Resident Coordinators — designed to enhance the strategic impact of UN missions.
Status of Humanitarian Reform
The humanitarian reform process, initiated by the United Nations in 2005, aimed to remedy gaps in humanitarian operations and improve the timeliness, effectiveness, and predictability of aid delivery.
NGOs' Rights and Responsibilities for Humanitarian Access
In recent years, humanitarian organizations have seen a rise in constraints on their access to vulnerable populations in times of conflict or internal disturbance. While international law provides important bases for humanitarian NGOs to obtain access to populations in need, it also imposes clear responsibilities on humanitarian organizations in terms of the maintenance of a neutral, independent and impartial approach to such situations. States remain primarily responsible for the provision of emergency assistance to their populations.
Mitigation to Prevention and Rehabilitation: The Changing Scope of Humanitarian Action
Humanitarians are continually charged with the reevaluation of their work based on the evolution of conflicts and disasters. No longer satisfied with simply providing relief in times of crisis, the frontier of humanitarian action has expanded to include not only life-saving assistance but also prevention and rehabilitation activities. However, this change in scope calls into question the classical distinction between relief and development programs, the core principles of humanitarianism, and how professionals conduct operations in the field.
The Challenges of Professionalizing Humanitarian Action
According to ALNAP there are currently over 200,000 individuals working in humanitarian assistance and protection globally. Growing at a pace of 6% per year, this workforce is expected to double in size by 2020. Members of the workforce are composed in majority of professionals from the Global South with their specific needs in terms of professional development and limited access to traditional educational opportunities.
ATHA Community Participation in Humanitarian Relief and Protection: From Principle to Reality
According to the Sphere Standards, disaster-affected populations should actively participate into the design, implementation and evaluation of humanitarian programs. Necessitating the involvement of beneficiaries is viewed as a way to lessen the inherent dependency in the aid relationship and inform the decisions of humanitarian planners and managers.
Core Concepts of International Humanitarian Law
Unit 1.1 of ATHA's International Humanitarian Law DIstance Learning Series explores the primary sources, development, and scope of application of IHL. Also covers the qualification of armed conflict and the interplay between IHL and international human rights law (IHRL).
Key Principles of International Humanitarian Law
Unit 1.2 of ATHA's International Humanitarian Law Distance Learning Module Series presents An overview and discussion of the key principles of IHL – distinction, proportionality, military necessity, precaution and the reduction of superfluous injury and unnecessary harm – as well as the rules for targeting individuals and objects, and special protection under IHL.
The Meaningful Application of International Humanitarian Law
Unit 1.3 of ATHA's International Humanitarian Law Distance Learning Series examines IHL implementation and enforcement mechanisms, transitional justice, and the challenges of humanitarian engagement with the implementation and enforcement of IHL.
Peace Building and Linkages with Security and Stabilization
Health in Humanitarian Crises
Early Recovery and the Transition of Relief to Development
Humanitarian Funding Mechanisms
Human Rights in Humanitarian Action
Organizational Mandates
The Role of International Law in Humanitarian Assistance
Humanitarian Principles
Humanitarian Coordination
International Assistance and Interventions
DEPP External Evaluation
Humanitarian Geoanalytics Research and Education Program
Program on Infectious Disease and Humanitarian Emergencies
Education in Crisis
HLS Program on International Law and Armed Conflict
Non-Communicable Diseases in Humanitarian Settings
Peace and Human Rights Data
Youth in Crisis
Signal Program
KoboToolbox
(Big) Data Science
Crisis Mapping and Early Warning
DisasterNet - Philippines
Hong Kong Institute for Disaster Preparedness and Response
Civilian Military Engagement
Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research
Evaluation and Implementation Science
Building a Better Response
Curricular Innovation Program
Humanitarian Action Summit
Program on Humanitarian Effectiveness
ATHA's main objective is to foster innovative responses to current challenges to humanitarian protection by capturing new approaches and insights of practitioners through informal, professional exchange, such as tailored research on practitioner questions, interactive briefings on the ATHA portal, focusing on key questions of protection, closed, online workshops on issues of interest, open podcast exchanges. ATHA aims to enhance its own contribution to critical conversations around current practices by addressing growing challenges to the protection of civilians and the implementation of international humanitarian and human rights standards; strengthening relationships among professionals engaged in humanitarian action, especially at the local level, and fostering regional communities of practice around specific contexts.

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text:
Know How is een Nederlands voormalig populairwetenschappelijk tijdschrift voor het eerst uitgegeven in juni 2012. Het blad werd voorheen uitgegeven door Sanoma Media, maar na een reorganisatie werd dit blad met 31 andere titels verkocht aan onder andere New Skool Media. Het tijdschrift werd eens per maand uitgegeven. Het kent zes verschillende secties, namelijk wetenschap, natuur, technologie, transport, historie en ruimte. Verder kende het enkele vaste of regelmatig terugkerende onderdelen.

Edities
Onderstaande lijst geeft een overzicht van verschenen edities. Know How heeft een paar vaste (of regelmatig terugkerende) onderdelen die elke maand bijvoorbeeld een specifiek iemand of een bepaald gebied verder uitlichten. Een van die onderdelen heet "Groeten uit...", waarin een bepaald land of gebied wordt beschreven (tot en met editie 19). Een ander onderdeel heet "Helden uit de wetenschap" (ook wel "Helden van de ruimte" in editie 7, 9 en 20, "Helden van de natuur" in editie 17, "Helden van het transport" in editie 25 en "Helden van de technologie" in editie 29), waarin een persoon uit de wetenschap wordt beschreven. Ook is er een sectie "Q & A", voorheen "Goeie vraag!" (in samenwerking met de website GoeieVraag, tot en met editie 5 2014), waarin specifieke vragen worden beantwoord en "Know how zoekt het uit", waarin enkele redacteuren van Know How een bijzondere locatie bezoeken. Verder zijn er de onderdelen "Even bellen met...", waarin iemand wordt geïnterviewd, en "de top 10", waarin tien (meestal opmerkelijke) zaken op een rij worden gezet.

Nederlands tijdschrift
Populairwetenschappelijk tijdschrift

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LaLiga has not yet reached its halfway stage, but Barcelona lead the way again as the competition heads into its winter break.
Barca beat Celta Vigo 2-0 on Sunday with goals from Ousmane Dembele and Lionel Messi to move three points clear at the top of the table after 17 rounds of matches. Despite something of an inconsistent season so far, Ernesto Valverde's side have tightened up in recent weeks and have now kept four cleans sheets in a row, having failed to do so for over three months prior to that. Those four wins – against Villarreal, Espanyol, Levante and Celta – brought 13 goals for the Blaugrana without reply and see the champions finish the year exactly where they began it: on top of the table.
Barca have dominated the competition in 2018. The Catalans won 14, drew six and lost one (their only league defeat of the season) between January and May to claim the title, finishing 14 points ahead of Atletico Madrid. And Diego Simeone's side, 1-0 winners over Espanyol on Saturday, are their closest rivals this time around as well, three points adrift of the Catalans. So far in 2018-19, Barca have won 11, drawn four and lost two.
Overall in 2018, Valverde's side have claimed 85 points in LaLiga, which is eight more than Atletico (77) and 11 better than Real Madrid (74).
Real have played one fewer fixture in the competition this term, due to their participation in the Club World Cup which they won on Saturday, but Los Blancos also featured in that tournament last year and therefore turned out in an extra match in March.
Santiago Solari's side are in fourth place in the table at the moment, eight points adrift of Barca, but with that game in hand over their fierce rivals which will be made up away to Villarreal on January 3rd.
Elsewhere, Sevilla missed the chance to move level with Atletico on 34 points. Pablo Machin's men were held to a 1-1 draw at Leganes on Sunday and finish the year in third place. Valencia beat bottom club Huesca on Sunday, thanks to a last-minute winner from Cristiano Piccini at Mestalla which saw Marcelino's side move into the top half of the table and despite their slow start to the season (they have drawn 10 games), they are now just four points behind fourth-placed Betis.


We represent individuals who have been discriminated against due to their religion and religious beliefs. It is illegal for your employer to terminate, demote, suspend, or take any other employment action against you as a result of your religion or religious beliefs.
New Jersey's Law Against Discrimination prohibits employers from discrimination based on a person religious beliefs or affiliation. Religious discrimination can often times be difficult to prove without direct evidence in the form of some comment, email, writing or other statement demonstrating the employer's bias. However, we may be able to demonstrate religious discrimination based on how members of other religions received preferential treatment over you. Your employer cannot take any adverse employment action against you based on your religion. An adverse employment action is considered a termination, suspension, demotion, reduction in duties or a reduction in pay. There are other forms of adverse employment actions, but those are the most common that we in religious discrimination cases in New Jersey.
If you were the victim of Religious Discrimination in New Jersey and you prevail at trial, you will be entitled to the following potential damages: lost back pay (the amount of pay from the time you were illegally terminated until you receive a verdict or obtain alternate employment), front pay (the amount of pay based on how long it will take you to find alternate employment or the difference in pay between your old job and your new job), emotional distress damages (compensation for the emotional distress resulting from your termination and the treatment in the workplace) and punitive damages (damages to punish the company to help make sure that this type of discrimination does not occur again).
Speak with our NJ religion discrimination attorneys at Castronovo & McKinney at 973-920-7888 for a free consultation regarding your potential religious discrimination case.


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Trains from Henley-in-Arden to Watford Junction
Home Destinations Watford Junction Trains from Henley-in-Arden to Watford Junction
From Henley-in-Arden, our trains run up to 2 times per hour to Watford Junction.
Train journey information from Henley-in-Arden to Watford Junction
How much is a train ticket from Henley-in-Arden to Watford Junction by train?
Catch the train from Henley-in-Arden to Watford Junction from just £13.10 one-way when you book in advance.
How long does it take to travel from Henley-in-Arden to Watford Junction by train?
Our fastest train to Watford Junction takes 2 hours 53 minutes. Journey times may be slightly longer on weekends or public holidays. Use our Journey Planner to access downloadable timetables, live departures and arrivals. Stay connected while on the move with our free on-board WiFi and entertainment service. Access a range of entertainment, including TV programmes, magazines, short films, news and more!
How many trains a day are there from Henley-in-Arden to Watford Junction?
There are up to 33 trains per day from Henley-in-Arden to Watford Junction.
Are there any direct trains from Henley-in-Arden to Watford Junction?
No, it is not possible to travel from Henley-in-Arden to Watford Junction direct. Use our Journey Planner to access downloadable timetables and find information on live departures and arrivals.
What time is the first train from Henley-in-Arden to Watford Junction?
The first train departs from Henley-in-Arden to Watford Junction at 06:41. Book your tickets in advance and enjoy a few more minutes of hitting snooze.
What time is the last train from Henley-in-Arden to Watford Junction?
The last train from Henley-in-Arden to Watford Junction departs at 23:07.
More trains from Henley-in-Arden
Henley-in-Arden to Hall Green
Henley-in-Arden to Watford North
Henley-in-Arden to Tring
Henley-in-Arden to The Lakes (Warks)
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More trains from Watford Junction
Watford Junction to The Hawthorns
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More tickets types between Henley-in-Arden to Watford Junction


Sweet Dreams – Trees. And no borders.
I was living somewhere more central in Africa. Maybe Rwanda. I had come back from vacation in Kenya with friends when there was breaking news. There would be a stateless Africa. No more countries. No more borders. A political map of Africa would look much more like a topographical map. This wasn't in ancient times. It was pretty modern.
In order to make this work, there was a summit of all world leaders. It was like the United Nations, but presidents, prime ministers and monarchs sat around the table instead of ambassadors. The meeting was held in a top secret location. Hillary Clinton was there to represent the United States. She was the president. Because the meeting location was so secretive in the dense jungle, Air Force One wasn't used. There was instead a modified sea plane that could also work on land. It was massive, and may have rivaled Air Force One in size. As we were leaving the world leader meeting, I noticed that Bill Clinton was there. He was walking just a few steps ahead of his girlfriend. It struck me as odd and admirable that Bill Clinton was carrying his own luggage. One of the other people told me about how he and Hillary had an open marriage.
Before we were to take off, one of the plane's staff suggested that we go for a hike to see the massive sequoia trees. Everyone agreed. The staff member leading the hike said that it was get very muddy and swampy. As we were hiking, I understood what that meant. My shoes and legs were covered in mud and other elements of Earth. The plane staff member said that it would just be a bit further and encouraged us to continue. We did. We were rewarded with the biggest tree many of us had ever seen. It was massive. Part of the inside had been cut out. The tree was part of a housing structure deep in the bush. We walked inside the housing structure and looked around. The part of the house that included the tree was the kitchen. A large part of the tree trunk was removed to add a dining room in the tree. There were even stairs in the tree that allowed you to go up in the tree trunk.
As the Clintons and everyone else looked around, I wandered through the housing structure into a sunny room with an altar and various religious things in the wall.


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DeAndre Hopkins sets new records in Seattle
Despite a Texans 41-38 loss in Seattle, DeAndre Hopkins recorded the most receiving yards in a game by any NFL player this season. Hopkins had 8 receptions for 224 yards and a touchdown, which was also the most ever by a player in a road game at Seattle.
"We didn't come out with the victory and that's the ultimate goal to come out with a win but we did some things we can improve on so we got to come out as a team and get it together," Hopkins said.
Hopkins has become a favorite target of rookie quarterback Deshaun Watson. Through seven games, he has already amassed 606 yards and seven touchdowns.
"He's a great player, one of the best receivers in the league," head coach Bill O'Brien said after the game. "He's a great player. You've seen it for a long time, he's got great hands, he's a competitor and we try to get the ball into his hands as much as possible and probably didn't get it into his hands enough but you know, we'll continue to try and do that."
With 4:49 remaining in the fourth quarter, Hopkins scored on a 72-yard catch-and-run play to give the Texans a 38-34 lead.
"He did a good job," Watson said. "He made the plays that were there and a big-time touchdown run, about 80 yards on just a screen pass."
The Pro Bowl wideout has put up impressive numbers in his fifth season and has reached 5,000 career receiving yards and 30 career receiving touchdowns. The only time Hopkins recorded more receiving yards was in Week 13 of the 2014 season vs. Tennessee, when he had 238 receiving yards (11/30/14).
GAME PHOTOS: Texans at Seahawks
The Texans and Seahawks tangled at CenturyLink Field in Seattle.
J.J. Watt named 2017 Walter Payton Man of the Year | Moments That Make You Smile Champion
Houston Texans defensive end J.J. Watt was named the 2017 Walter Payton NFL Man of the Year.
Bob, Janice McNair help students pay for college
Bob and his wife Janice McNair awarded over $1.1 million to graduating seniors in Rutherford County, North Carolina.
Breakfast: Watt ranked on ESPN World Fame 100
DE J.J. Watt was ranked 72nd on ESPN's World Fame 100 list.


We believe in the Trinity which is God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit. God the Father is infinite, all knowing and all powerful. The Father reigns over all. God the Son is Jesus Christ, the eternal Son of God. Jesus was perfectly revealed as a man and did the will of God by taking human sin upon Himself and giving His life as a ransom for that sin by suffering death on the cross and then rising from the dead with power and victory of death, hell and the grave for all mankind who believe on Him and confess Him as Lord. God the Holy Spirit is that comforter that was promised by Jesus to come after He had ascended. That Holy Spirit resides in the believer at salvation and works in us and through us to bring about change. He enlightens and empowers us to serve, worship and evangelize.
God the Father - God as Father reigns with providential care over His universe, His creatures, and the flow of the stream of human history according to the purposes of His grace. He is all powerful, all knowing, all loving, and all wise. God is Father in truth to those who become children of God through faith in Jesus Christ. He is fatherly in His attitude toward all men.
Him as Father. Being Marred by Sin, we lost relationship with our Father. Being Mended by Christ, we can be re-connected to God the Father through Christ the Son.


Curryliina's – Kosher Indian Restaurant Welcome to ! We have a accessible page, to go to the accessible page, click Enter.
Originally from Finland, Karoliina moved to London, England to pursue your graduate studies in law. While there, she became exposed to the exotic blends of Anglo Indian Cuisine which inspired her to. explor various types of curries and spices. This sparked her great love for this type of cuisine. Her devotion to Anglo Indian Cuisine lead her on a mission to make all her favorite dishes kosher so that all can enjoy.
Try the exotic blend of the Kosher Indian kitchen and find out how the variety and magic of the indian culture, perfectly blends with the jewish tradition.
You can order Kosher Indian catering for any day or night of the week. During weekdays, please be sure to submit your order by 12:00 (noon) on the previous day. Shabbat catering orders must be placed by midnight Thursday night. For large events like Bar Mitzvah, Bat Mitzvot, Bat Mitzot, Britot Mila, Weddings, Birthdays, Anniversaries etc. The sooner you place the order the better. We want to make your special event extra memorable.


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Q: Linux : How to check for a specified Line under home directory I am using Linux machiene , through putty .
I am inside  the home directory inside the Linux server that is
/home/kiran
06:15 AM kiran@plii-testserver$ pwd
/home/kiran

Inside my profile (directory ) I want to find this line below  in which file this particular line has been set
apache-maven-2.2.1/bin

( I have checked out .profile file but nothing is mentioned in that file )
Sorry I don't know what Linux version I am using also as I don't have the cat folder under the root to check .
(But When I did with uname, it displayed GNU Linux, don't know whether this is useful or not )
Thank you .

A: Try this:
find root-path-to-search -type f -execdir fgrep 'apache-maven-2.2.1/bin' {} \+

A: You could try
grep -i apache-maven-2.2.1/bin *

Hopefully it will give you a result.


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