text:
Title: San Marino
Subject: S.P. Tre Fiori, S.S. Murata, 2009 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, 2010 Davis Cup Europe Zone Group III, 2011 Davis Cup Europe Zone Group III
Collection: Countries Completely Surrounded by Only One Country, Countries in Europe, Countries That Are Enclaves of Italy, Diarchies, Enclaves, Italian-Speaking Countries and Territories, Landlocked Countries, Liberal Democracies, Member States of the Council of Europe, Member States of the United Nations, Republics, Romance Countries and Territories, San Marino, States and Territories Established in 301
Most Serene Republic of San Marino
Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino
Motto: "Libertas" (Latin)
"Freedom"
Anthem: Inno Nazionale della Repubblica
National Anthem of the Republic
Location of San Marino (green)
in Europe (dark grey) – [Legend]
Capital City of San Marino
Ethnic groups Italians
Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic
- Captains Regent Gianfranco Terenzi
Guerrino Zanotti
Grand and General Council
- from the Roman Empire 3 September 301a
- Constitution 8 October 1600
- Total 61.2 km2[1] (227th)
24 sq mi
- Water (%) 0
- 2012 (31 July) estimate 32,576[2]
- Density 520/km2
1,346.8/sq mi
- Total $1.17 billion[3][4] (177th)
- Per capita $35,928[3][4] (24th)
- Total US$1.44 billion[3][4] (163rd)
- Per capita US$44,208[3][4] (15th)
very high · 26th
+378 (+39 0549 calling via Italy)
Saint Agatha
a. By tradition.
b. List of countries by Human Development Index#UN member states (latest UNDP data).
Sources: [1][6]
San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino[1][7] ( ; Italian: Repubblica di San Marino) and also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino[7] (Italian: Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino), is an enclaved microstate surrounded by Italy, situated on the Italian Peninsula on the north-eastern side of the Apennine Mountains. Its size is just over 61 km2 (24 sq mi) with an estimated population of over 30,000. Its capital is the City of San Marino, its largest city Dogana. San Marino has the smallest population of all the members of the Council of Europe.
San Marino claims to be the oldest surviving sovereign state and constitutional republic in the world,[8] as the continuation of the monastic community founded on 3 September 301, by stonecutter Marinus of Arbe. Legend has it that Marinus left Rab, then the Roman colony of Arba, in 257 when the future emperor, Diocletian, issued a decree calling for the reconstruction of the city walls of Rimini, which had been destroyed by Liburnian pirates.
San Marino is governed by the Leges Statutae Republicae Sancti Marini, a series of six books written in Latin in the late 16th century, that dictate the country's political system, among other matters. The country is considered to have the earliest written governing documents (constitution) still in effect. [9]
The country's economy mainly relies on finance, industry, services and tourism. It is one of the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP (per capita), with a figure comparable to the most developed European regions. San Marino is considered to have a highly stable economy, with one of the lowest unemployment rates in Europe, no national debt and a budget surplus.[1] It is the only country with more vehicles than people.
Climate 2.1
Administrative divisions 3.1
Municipalities 3.1.1
Curacies 3.1.2
Military 3.2
Crossbow Corps 3.2.1
Guard of the Rock 3.2.2
Guard of the Council Great and General 3.2.3
The Company of Uniformed Militia 3.2.4
The Military Ensemble 3.2.5
The Gendarmerie 3.2.6
Taxation 4.1
Tourism 4.2
Conventions with Italy 4.3
Religion 5.1
Public transport 6.1
Railway 6.2
University 7.1
Sport 7.2
Cuisine 7.3
UNESCO 7.4
Music 7.5
Public holidays and festivals 7.6
Illustration of Saint Marinus, the founder of the Republic of San Marino, and prominent cultural figure
Saint Marinus left the island of Arba in present-day Croatia with his lifelong friend Leo, and went to the city of Rimini as a stonemason. After the Diocletianic Persecution following his Christian sermons, he escaped to the nearby Monte Titano, where he built a small church and thus founded what is now the city and state of San Marino. The official date of the founding of what is now known as the Republic is 3 September 301.
In 1631, its independence was recognized by the Papacy.
The advance of Napoleon's army in 1797 presented a brief threat to the independence of San Marino, but the country was saved from losing its liberty thanks to one of its Regents, Antonio Onofri, who managed to gain the respect and friendship of Napoleon. Thanks to his intervention, Napoleon, in a letter delivered to Gaspard Monge, scientist and commissary of the French Government for Science and Art, promised to guarantee and protect the independence of the Republic, even offering to extend its territory according to its needs. The offer was declined by San Marino, fearing future retaliation from other states (revanchism).[10]
The San Marino constitution of 1600
During the later phase of the Italian unification process in the 19th century, San Marino served as a refuge for many people persecuted because of their support for unification. In recognition of this support, Giuseppe Garibaldi accepted the wish of San Marino not to be incorporated into the new Italian state.
The government of San Marino made United States President Abraham Lincoln an honorary citizen. He wrote in reply, saying that the republic proved that "government founded on republican principles is capable of being so administered as to be secure and enduring."[11][12]
During World War I, when Italy declared war on Austria-Hungary on 23 May 1915, San Marino remained neutral and Italy adopted a hostile view of Sammarinese neutrality, suspecting that San Marino could harbor Austrian spies who could be given access to its new radiotelegraph station. Italy tried to forcibly establish a detachment of Carabinieri in the Republic and then cut the Republic's telephone lines when it did not comply. Two groups of ten volunteers did, however, join Italian forces in the fighting on the Italian front, the first as combatants and the second as a Medical Corps operating a Red Cross field hospital. The existence of this hospital later caused Austria-Hungary to suspend diplomatic relations with San Marino.[13]
From 1923 to 1943, San Marino was under the rule of the Sammarinese Fascist Party (PFS).
The front passes Mount Titano in September 1944.
During World War II, San Marino remained neutral, although it was wrongly reported in an article from The New York Times that it had declared war on the United Kingdom on 17 September 1940.[14] The Sammarinese government later transmitted a message to the British government stating that they did not declare war on the United Kingdom.[15]
Three days after the fall of Benito Mussolini in Italy, PFS rule collapsed and the new government declared neutrality in the conflict. The Fascists regained power on 1 April 1944 but kept neutrality intact. Despite that, on 26 June 1944 San Marino was bombed by the Royal Air Force, in the belief that San Marino had been overrun by German forces and was being used to amass stores and ammunition. The Sammarinese government declared on the same day that no military installations or equipment were located on its territory, and that no belligerent forces had been allowed to enter.[16] San Marino accepted thousands of civilian refugees when Allied forces went over the Gothic Line.[17] In September 1944, it was briefly occupied by German forces, who were defeated by Allied forces in the Battle of San Marino.
San Marino had the world's first democratically elected communist government, which held office between 1945 and 1957.[18][19]
San Marino is the world's smallest republic, although when Nauru gained independence in 1968 it challenged that claim, Nauru's land mass being only 21 km2 (8.1 sq mi). However Nauru's jurisdiction over its surrounding waters covers 431,000 km2 (166,000 sq mi), an area thousands of times greater than the territory of San Marino.[20]
San Marino became a member of the Council of Europe in 1988 and of the United Nations in 1992. It is not a member of the European Union, nor of the Eurozone although it does use the euro as its currency.
Mount Titano
San Marino is an enclave in Italy, on the border between the regioni of Emilia Romagna and Marche and about 10 km (6.21 mi) from the Adriatic coast at Rimini. Its topography is dominated by the Apennine mountain range, and it has a rugged terrain. The highest point in the country, the summit of Monte Titano, is situated at 749 m (2,457 ft) above sea level. There are no bodies of water of any significant size. San Marino is the third smallest country in Europe, with only Vatican City and Monaco being smaller. San Marino has no flat ground; it is entirely composed of hilly terrain.
The climate is Mediterranean with continental influences, having warm summers and cool winters.
Four former Captains Regent: from left to right, Mirko Tomassoni, Alessandro Rossi, Alessandro Mancini, and Alberto Selva.
San Marino has the political framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic: the Captains Regent are both heads of state and heads of government, and there is a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Grand and General Council. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
San Marino was originally led by the Arengo, initially formed from the heads of each family. In the 13th century, power was given to the Great and General Council. In 1243, the first two Captains Regent were nominated by the Council. As of 2010, this method of nomination is still in use.
The legislature of the republic is the Grand and General Council (Consiglio grande e generale). The Council is a unicameral legislature with 60 members. There are elections every five years by proportional representation in all nine administrative districts. These districts (townships) correspond to the old parishes of the republic.
Citizens 18 years or older are eligible to vote. Beside general legislation, the Grand and General Council approves the budget and elects the Captains Regent, the State Congress (composed of ten Secretaries with executive power), the Council of Twelve (which forms the judicial branch during the period of legislature of the Council), the Advising Commissions, and the Government Unions. The Council also has the power to ratify treaties with other countries. The Council is divided into five different Advising Commissions consisting of fifteen councillors who examine, propose, and discuss the implementation of new laws that are on their way to being presented on the floor of the Council.
Every six months, the Council elects two Captains Regent to be the heads of state. The Regents are chosen from opposing parties so that there is a balance of power. They serve a six-month term. The investiture of the Captains Regent takes place on 1 April and 1 October in every year. Once this term is over, citizens have three days in which to file complaints about the Captains' activities. If they warrant it, judicial proceedings against the ex-head(s) of state can be initiated.
The practice of having multiple heads of state, chosen in frequent elections, is derived directly from the customs of the Roman Republic. The Council is equivalent to the Roman Senate; the Captains Regent, to the consuls of ancient Rome.
San Marino is a multi-party Pact for San Marino, led by the San Marinese Christian Democratic Party; and the left-wing Reforms and Freedom, led by the Party of Socialists and Democrats, a merger of the Socialist Party of San Marino and the former communist Party of Democrats). The Sammarinese general election, 2008 was won by the Pact for San Marino with 35 seats in the Grand and General Council against Reforms and Freedom's 25.
On 1 October 2007, Mirko Tomassoni was elected as one of the heads of state, making him the first disabled person ever to have been elected as captain regent.[21]
The Republic of San Marino is the country in the World that has had most female heads of state (15 as of October 2014, including three who served twice).
Administrative divisions of San Marino
San Marino is divided into the following nine municipalities, known locally as castelli (meaning "castles").
San Marino (City of San Marino, officially Città di San Marino) is the capital.
There are also eight minor municipalities:
The largest town of the Republic is Dogana, which is not an autonomous castello, but rather belongs to the Castello of Serravalle.
In a similar way to an Italian comune, each castello includes a main settlement, called capoluogo, which is the seat of the castello, and some even smaller localities known as frazioni.
Curacies
The republic is made up of 43 parishes[22] named curacies (It: curazie):
Cà Berlone, Cà Chiavello, Cà Giannino, Cà Melone, Cà Ragni, Cà Rigo, Cailungo, Caladino, Calligaria, Canepa, Capanne, Casole, Castellaro, Cerbaiola, Cinque Vie, Confine, Corianino, Crociale, Dogana, Falciano, Fiorina, Galavotto, Gualdicciolo, La Serra, Lesignano, Molarini, Montalbo, Monte Pulito, Murata, Pianacci, Piandivello, Poggio Casalino, Poggio Chiesanuova, Ponte Mellini, Rovereta, San Giovanni sotto le Penne, Santa Mustiola, Spaccio Giannoni, Teglio, Torraccia, Valdragone, Valgiurata and Ventoso.
The Guard of the Rock in dress uniform during the investiture of the new Captains Regent in the Piazza della Libertà
San Marino has one of the smallest military forces in the world. National defence is, by arrangement, the responsibility of Italy's armed forces. Different branches have varied functions, including: performing ceremonial duties; patrolling borders; mounting guard at government buildings; and assisting police in major criminal cases. The police are not included in the Military of San Marino.
Crossbow Corps
Although once at the heart of San Marino's army, the Crossbow Corps is now a ceremonial force of approximately eighty volunteers. Since 1295, the Crossbow Corps has provided demonstrations of crossbow shooting at festivals. Its uniform is medieval in design. Although it is a statutory military unit, the Crossbow Corps has no military function today.
Guard of the Rock
Three members of the Guard of the Rock
The Guard of the Rock is a front-line military unit in the San Marino armed forces, a state border patrol, with responsibility for patrolling borders and defending them. In their role as Fortress Guards they are responsible for guarding the Palazzo Pubblico in San Marino City, the seat of national Government.
In this role they are the forces most visible to tourists, and are known for their colourful ceremony of Changing the Guard. Under the 1987 statute the Guard of the Rock are all enrolled as 'Criminal Police Officers' (in addition to their military role) and assist the police in investigating major crime. The uniform of the Guard of the Rock is a distinctive red and green.
Guard of the Council Great and General
The Guard of the Council Great and General commonly known as The Guard of the Council or locally as the 'Guard of Nobles', formed in 1740, is a volunteer unit with ceremonial duties. Due to its striking blue, white, and gold uniform, it is perhaps the best-known part of the Sammarinese military, and appears on countless postcard views of the republic. The functions of the Guard of the Council are to protect the Captains Regent, and to defend the Great and General Council during its formal sessions. They also provide a ceremonial bodyguard to government officials on festivals of both state and church.
The Company of Uniformed Militia
In former times, all families with two or more adult male members were required to enroll half of them in the Company of Uniformed Militia. This unit remains the basic fighting force of the armed forces of San Marino, but is largely ceremonial. It is a matter of civic pride for many Sammarinese to belong to the force, and all citizens with at least six years residence in the republic are entitled to enroll.
The uniform is dark blue, with a kepi bearing a blue and white plume. The ceremonial form of the uniform includes a white cross-strap, and white and blue sash, white epaulets, and white decorated cuffs.
The Military Ensemble
Formally this is part of the Army Militia, and is the ceremonial military band of San Marino. It consists of approximately fifty musicians. The uniform is similar to that of the Army Militia. Military Ensemble music accompanies most state occasions in the republic.
The Gendarmerie
Established in 1842, the Gendarmerie of San Marino is a militarised law enforcement agency. Its members are full-time and have responsibility for the protection of citizens and property, and the preservation of law and order.
The entire military corps of San Marino depends upon the co-operation of full-time forces and their retained (volunteer) colleagues, known as the Corpi Militari Volontari, or Voluntary Military Force.
Although San Marino is not a European Union member, it is allowed to use the euro as its currency by arrangement with the Council of the European Union; it is also granted the right to use its own designs on the national side of the euro coins. Before the euro, the Sammarinese lira was pegged to, and exchangeable with, the Italian lira. The small number of Sammarinese euro coins, as was the case with the lira before it, are primarily of interest to coin collectors.
Key industries include banking, electronics, and ceramics. The main agricultural products are wine and cheese.
San Marino's postage stamps, which are valid for mail posted in the country, are mostly sold to philatelists and are a source of income. San Marino is a member of the Small European Postal Administration Cooperation.
The per capita level of US$55,449 and standard of living are comparable to that of Denmark. San Marino imports goods such as food from Italy.
withholding tax.
In 1972, a value added taxation (VAT) system was introduced in Italy, and was applied in San Marino, in accordance with the 1939 friendship treaty. In addition, a tax on imported goods, to be levied by San Marino, was established. Such taxes, however, were not, and are not, applied to national products. Until 1996, goods manufactured and sold in San Marino were not subject to indirect taxation.
Under the European Union customs agreement, San Marino continues to levy taxes, the equivalent of an import duty, on imported goods. Also, a general VAT was introduced, in replacement of the Italian VAT.
The tourist sector contributes over 2.2% of San Marino's GDP, with approximately 2 million tourists visiting in 2009.[23][24]
Conventions with Italy
San Marino and Italy have engaged in conventions since 1862,[25] dictating some economic activities in San Marino's territory. Cultivation of tobacco and production of goods which are subject to Italy's government monopoly are forbidden in San Marino. Direct import is forbidden: all goods coming from a third party have to travel through Italy before reaching the country. Although it is allowed to print its own postal stamps, San Marino is not allowed to coin its own currency and is obliged to use Italy's mint. Gambling establishments such as casinos are outlawed.[26]
In exchange Italy provides San Marino with an annual stipend, and at cost, sea salt (not more than 250 tons per year), tobacco (40 tons), cigarettes (20 tons) and matches (unlimited amount).[26]
San Marino has a population of approximately 33,000, with 4,800 foreign residents, most of whom are Italian citizens. Another 12,000 Sammarinese live abroad (5,700 in Italy, 3,000 in the USA, 1,900 in France and 1,600 in Argentina).[27]
The first census since 1976 was held in 2010. Results were expected by the end of 2011. However, 13 per cent of families did not return their forms.
The primary language spoken is Italian; Romagnol is widely spoken too. Citizens of San Marino enjoy one of the highest life expectancies in the world.[1]
Basilica di San Marino
San Marino is a predominantly Catholic state[1] — over 97% of the population profess the Catholic faith, but it is not the established religion. Approximately half of those who profess to be Catholic practice the faith.[28] There is no episcopal see in San Marino. Historically, the various parishes in San Marino were divided between two Italian dioceses, mostly in the Diocese of Montefeltro, and partly in the Diocese of Rimini. In 1977, the border between Montefeltro and Rimini was readjusted so that all of San Marino fell within the diocese of Montefeltro. The bishop of Montefeltro-San Marino resides in Pennabilli, in Italy.
However, there is a provision under the income tax rules that the tax payers have the right to request for allocation of 0.3% of their income tax to the Catholic Church or to "other" charities. The churches include the two religious groups of the Waldensian Church and Jehovah's Witnesses.
There has been a Jewish presence in San Marino for at least 600 years.[31] The first mention of Jews in San Marino dates to the late 14th century, in official documents recording the business transactions of Jews. There are many documents throughout the 15th to 17th centuries describing Jewish dealings and verifying the presence of a Jewish community in San Marino.[32] Jews were permitted official protection by the government.
During [33]
Religion in San Marino (2011)[1]
Roman Catholic 97.2%
Protestant 1.1%
Other Christian 0.7%
Jewish 0.1%
Not religious 0.7%
No answer 0.1%
There are 220 km (140 mi) of roads in the country, the main road being the San Marino Superhighway. Authorities license private vehicles with distinctive Sammarinese license plates, which are white with blue figures and the coat of arms, usually a letter followed by up to four numbers. Many vehicles also carry the international vehicle identification code (in black on a white oval sticker), which is RSM.
There are no public airports in San Marino, but there is a small private airstrip located in Federico Fellini International Airport close to the city of Rimini, then make the transfer by bus.
Two rivers flow through San Marino, but there is no major water transport, and no port or harbour.
San Marino has limited public transport facilities. There is a regular bus service between Rimini and the city of San Marino, popular with both tourists and tourist industry workers commuting to San Marino from Italy. This service stops at approximately twenty locations in Rimini and within San Marino, with its two terminus stops at Rimini railway station and San Marino coach station.
A limited licensed taxi service operates nationwide. There are seven licensed taxi operating companies in the republic,[34] and Italian taxis regularly operate within San Marino when carrying passengers picked up in Italian territory.
Aerial tramway to Monte Titano
There is a 1.5 km (0.93 mi) aerial tramway connecting the Dogana, via the local bus service.
Two aerial tramway cars (gondolas) operate, with service provided at roughly fifteen-minute intervals throughout the day. A third vehicle is available on the system, a service car for the use of engineers maintaining the tramway.
Today, there is no railway in San Marino, but for a short period before World War II, it had a single narrow-gauge line, connecting the country with the Italian rail network at Rimini. Because of the difficulties in accessing the capital, City of San Marino, with its mountain-top location, the terminus station was planned to be located in the village of Valdragone, but was extended to reach the capital through a steep and winding track comprising many tunnels. The railway was opened on 12 June 1932.[35] An advanced system for its time, it was an electric railway, powered from overhead cables. It was well built and had a high frequency of passengers, but was almost completely destroyed during World War II. Many facilities such as bridges, tunnels, and stations remain visible today, and some have been converted to parks, public footpaths, or traffic routes.
Part of a series on the
Culture of San Marino
San Marino portal
Photo of Guaita
A painting in the Museo di Stato di San Marino by Pompeo Batoni.
The Three Towers of San Marino are located on the three peaks of Monte Titano in the capital. They are depicted on both the Flag of San Marino and its coat of arms. The three towers are: Guaita, the oldest of the three (it was constructed in the 11th century); the thirteenth-century Cesta, located on the highest of Monte Titano's summits; and the fourteenth-century Montale, on the smallest of Monte Titano's summits, still privately owned.
Love Orchestra, a Gian Luca "Luke" Mazza new-age music project, comes from the Republic of San Marino. During concerts overseas, the San Marino flag is shown on the stage.
The Università degli Studi della Repubblica di San Marino (University of the Republic of San Marino)[36] is the main university, which includes the Scuola Superiore di Studi Storici di San Marino (Advanced School of Historical Studies), a distinguished research and advanced international study center governed by an international Scientific Committee coordinated by professor Luciano Canfora. Other important institutes are the Istituto Musicale Sammarinese (Sammarinese Musical Institute)[37] and the Akademio Internacia de la Sciencoj San Marino or Accademia Internazionale delle Scienze San Marino (International Academy of Sciences San Marino).[38] The latter is known for adopting Esperanto as the language for teaching and for scientific publications; further, it makes wide use of electronic educational technology ( also called e-learning).
Italian author Umberto Eco has attempted to create a "university without physical structures" in San Marino.[39]
In San Marino, as in Italy, football is the most popular sport. Basketball and volleyball are also popular. The three sports have their own federations, the San Marino Football Federation, the San Marino Basketball Federation and the San Marino Volleyball Federation.
The San Marino Championship, founded under the auspices of the FSGC (San Marino Football Federation), is the premier footballing competition in San Marino. The fifteen teams that take part in the competition are split into two groups of eight and seven teams. The top three from each section at the end of the regular season progress into a semi-knockout style Championship Playoff. Prior to 2007, the playoff champion earned a spot in the preliminary rounds of the UEFA Cup. In 2007, UEFA granted San Marino a spot in the 1st Qualifying Round of the Champions League. The domestic cup winner also gets a spot in the Europa League qualifying stages. 2007 league champions S.S. Murata was the first team to represent San Marino in the Champions League when they participated in the 2007–08 competition, losing to Finnish team Tampere United. San Marino also has a representative in the Italian system, with San Marino Calcio playing in the third tier of Italian football, Serie C1. San Marino play their home matches in the Sammarinese at the Stadio Olimpico of Serravalle.
Sammarinese playing football on a pitch at the foot of Monte Titano.
The San Marino national football team played its first unofficial international match in 1986, in which it suffered a 0–1 defeat to the Canadian Olympic team. Its first competitive outing was on 14 November 1990, a 0–4 loss against Switzerland in the European Championship qualifier. These defeats set the tone for most of the following outings of the team, who are regarded as easy victories in the qualifying sections of the European Championship and the World Cup.
They had a brief moment of glory when they faced England in a World Cup qualifier on 17 November 1993 and took the lead through Davide Gualtieri after just 8.3 seconds—still the fastest goal in World Cup competition.[40] Until recently, San Marino's international record was one of almost total failure, with famous draws against Turkey and Latvia being the only partial successes in an international career that contains over seventy defeats. However, on 29 April 2004, San Marino recorded their first ever win, with a 1–0 victory over Liechtenstein in an international friendly. Andy Selva scored the only goal in a close game that finally gave this tiny republic a footballing victory.
2005 San Marino Grand Prix held in Imola, Italy.
On 6 September 2006, San Marino suffered their biggest ever defeat, losing 13–0 to world giants Germany in the Stadio Olimpico. It was also the largest goal margin defeat in European Championship Qualifying history. In the same competition on 7 February 2007, they came within eight seconds of the best result in their history. They were level at 1–1 with the Republic of Ireland after ninety-four minutes when Stephen Ireland scored within eight seconds of the final whistle. The goal scored by San Marino was their European Qualifying first goal since losing 4–1 to Austria in 1998.
As of July 2014, San Marino was in the final place (208) in the FIFA world rankings[41]
A Formula One race, the San Marino Grand Prix, was named after the state, although it did not take place there. It was held at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari in the Italian town of Imola, about 100 km northwest of San Marino, along the Via Emilia. The race was etched in infamy after two fatal accidents occurred at the 1994 Grand Prix, when Ayrton Senna and Roland Ratzenberger were killed. The race was removed from the calendar in 2007.
The San Marino and Rimini's Coast motorcycle Grand Prix was reinstated in the schedule in 2007 and takes place at the Misano World Circuit, as does San Marino's round of the World Superbike Championship.
Manuel Poggiali is one of San Marino's most successful sportsmen. He has won two motorcycle World Championships, in 2001 with 125 cc bikes and in 2003 with 250 cc bikes. Another successful San Marino motorcycle rider is Alex De Angelis, a race winner in the 250 cc class, who is currently racing in the Moto2 class, with the country of San Marino itself being his main sponsor.
San Marino has a professional baseball team, T & A San Marino, which plays in the top division of Italian professional baseball, the Serie A1. It has participated in the European Cup tournament for the top European professional baseball teams several times, hosting the event in 1996, 2000, 2004, and 2007. It won the championship in 2006 and was a runner-up in 2010.[42]
The long climb up to the top of San Marino has become a mecca for thousands of recreational road cyclists who train in nearby Misano every spring and autumn.
San Marino has had little success at the Olympic Games, winning no medals. At the 2004 and 2008 games, three clay target shooters achieved the highest positions. Alessandra Perilli came closest to winning San Marino's first ever medal in the Women's Trap final at London 2012, finishing in a three-way tie for 2nd place, but was the first to miss in the shoot-off meaning she finished 4th. In this sport, San Marino also hosted a competition in the 2009 ISSF World Cup.
A piadina, a dish characteristic of the Italian region of Romagna and of its enclave of San Marino
The cuisine of San Marino is extremely similar to Italian, especially that of the adjoining Emilia-Romagna and Marche regions, but it has a number of its own unique dishes and products. Its best known is probably the Torta Tre Monti ("Cake of the Three Mountains" or "Cake of the Three Towers"), a wafer layered cake covered in chocolate depicting The Three Towers of San Marino. The country also has a small wine industry.
The site San Marino: Historic Centre and Mount Titano became part of the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2008. The decision was taken during the 32nd Session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee composed of 21 Countries convened in Québec, Canada.
The country has a long and rich musical tradition, closely linked to that of Italy, but which is also highly independent in itself. In the 17th century, composers like the Sammarinese Francesco Maria Marini di Pesaro wrote some of the finest pieces of the era.
San Marino has taken part in the Eurovision Song Contest five times, achieving its first final in 2014.
Public holidays and festivals
1 January New Year's Day Festival marking the beginning of the new year.
6 January Epiphany Commemorates the visit of the three Wise Men or magi to the infant Jesus.
5 February Feast of Saint Agatha Commemoration of St. Agatha, Patroness of the Republic, as well as liberation from foreign rule.
variable * Easter Resurrection of Jesus.
variable ** Easter Monday Monday after Easter day.
25 March Anniversary of the Arengo Anniversary of the Arengo and the Festa delle Milizie (Feast of the Militants).
1 May Labour Day Celebration of workers and employees.
variable *** Corpus Domini Commemoration of the body and blood of Jesus Christ.
28 July Liberation from Fascism Commemoration of the fall of the Sammarinese Fascist Party.
15 August Ferragosto (Assumption) Commemoration of the Virgin Mary's assumption into heaven.
3 September The Feast of San Marino and the Republic National feast of San Marino, celebrating the origin of the Republic in 301.
1 November All Saints' Day Feast dedicated to all saints.
2 November Commemoration of all those who died at war Remembrance of all those who gave their lives for San Marino in war.
8 December Immaculate Conception Remembrance of the Virgin Mary's conception without original sin.
24 December Christmas Eve Day before the commemoration of the birth of Jesus.
25 December Christmas Birth of Jesus.
26 December St. Stephen's Day Commemoration of the death of Saint Stephen, the first Christian martyr.
31 December New Year's Eve Celebration which closes and marks the end of the year.
* Easter: the first Sunday after the full moon and the March equinox
** Easter Monday: the Monday after Easter day
*** Corpus Domini: the first Thursday after Trinity Sunday
Associazione Guide Esploratori Cattolici Sammarinesi
City-state
Telecommunications in San Marino
Index of San Marino-related articles
Outline of San Marino
^ a b c d e f g San Marino entry at The World Factbook
^ Popolazione, Upeceds, Government of San Marino. Accessed on 30 April 2013.
^ a b c d Conto della Generazione dei Redditi Nazionali, Upeceds, Government of San Marino. Accessed on 6 June 2010.
^ a b c d an Marino. World Bank. Note: "PPP conversion factor, GDP (LCU per international $)" for Italy was used.
^ Filling Gaps in the Human Development Index, United Nations ESCAP, February 2009
^ "San Marino". UNECE Statistics Programme.
^ a b "San Marino". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
^ "Europe's Micro-States: (04) San Marino". Deutsche Welle. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
^ """The United States has "the longest surviving constitution.. PolitiFact.com. Retrieved 26 September 2012.
^ "From 1500 to beginning 1800, Napoleon in San Marino". Sanmarinosite.com. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
^ "San Marino". United States Diplomatic History. U. S. Department of State. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
^ Irving Wallace, The Book of Lists 3
^ "San Marino e la Prima Guerra Mondiale". Educazione.sm. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
^ "GALES SCATTER NAZI CHANNEL FLEETS; ITALIANS THRUST DEEPER INTO EGYPT (9/18/40)". 209.157.64.200. 18 September 2010. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
^ Diplomatic papers, 1944, p. 292
^ "Guerre Mondiali e Fascismo nella storia di San Marino". Sanmarinosite.com. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
^ Manali Desai (27 November 2006). State Formation and Radical Democracy in India. Taylor & Francis. p. 142.
^ Alan James Mayne (1 January 1999). From Politics Past to Politics Future: An Integrated Analysis of Current and Emergent Paradigms. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 59.
^ "Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profiles: Nauru". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
^ "San Marino, primo capo di Stato disabile "Via tutte le barriere architettoniche" – esteri". Repubblica.it. 1 October 2007. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
^ (Italian) Regolamento Disciplina Campagna Elettorale at the Wayback Machine (archived August 5, 2009). elezioni.sm
^ "Background Note: San Marino". U.S. State Department. February 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2010.
^ "Turismo: San Marino fa i conti con la recessione economica, l'Italia guarda con fiducia al 2010" (in Italian). San Marino RTV. 11 January 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2010.
^ "Convenzioni Bilaterali - Accordi bilaterali con l'Italia" (in Italian). Segreteria di stato per gli affari esteri e politici. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
^ a b "Convenzione di amicizia e buon vicinato 1939 (1980 transcript)" (in Italian). 1980. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
^ "San Marino: censimento per scovare residenze fittizie" (in Italian). San Marino Notizie. 5/08/10. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
^ World and Its Peoples. Marshall Cavendish. 2009. p. 856.
^ Cheney, David M. (30 December 2012). 'Catholic Hierarchy'' page"'". Catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
^ Knight, Kevin (2009). "Diocese of Montefeltro". newadvent.org. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
^ "San Marino". 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia. JewishEncyclopedia.com. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
^ http://www.publibook.com/librairie/livre-universitaire.php?isbn=9782748372236
^ Sheib, Ariel. "Virtual Jewish history tour: San Marino". jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
^ Licensed taxi companies are listed on the Government tourism website at the Wayback Machine (archived May 1, 2010).
^ Internacia Fervojisto (International Railways), 2005.6, p. 85. In Esperanto
^ "Università degli Studi di San Marino". Unirsm.sm. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
^ "Istituto Musicale Sammarinese". Ims.sm. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
^ "Accademia Internazionale delle Scienze". Ais-sanmarino.org. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
^ "Umberto Eco biography". Liquidsky.net. 16 January 1994. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
^ "The Fastest Goal in the History of the World Cup". BBC. 27 May 2005.
^ "The FIFA/Coca-Cola World Ranking". FIFA.com. Dec 19, 2013. Retrieved Jan 9, 2014.
^ "2008 Mister-Baseball Final European Top 50 – fact, certain, about, 2008, European, baseball, season, club, dominated, This". Mister Baseball. 6 November 2007. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
Geographic data related to San Marino at OpenStreetMap
San Marino entry at The World Factbook
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text:
Bow/Crow: There is something happening here?
Richard White November 17, 2016
For many years I have been flaneuring the "no man's land" underneath the Bow Trail, Crowchild Trail interchange bridges (Bow/Crow). The idea for a pedestrian bridge below Crowchild was Dave Freeze's, a Calgary businessman who lived in Eau Claire and walked the Bow River pathways into his 80s. As he got older he thought there should be a river crossing between 14th and Edworthy Park. So he contacted his friend, architect Bill Milne (who was also the architect for the Calgary Tower) about the idea. Milne came up with a simple bridge, which Freeze decided to fund. No need for city funding and no community engagement – a good idea so just build it.
As an urban street photographer, Crow/Bow it is hidden gem with its view of the river, downtown, prairie sky and the walkers, joggers and cyclists and the dramatic lighting and concrete landscape (I could spend all day here). It has also become a place for "pop-up" public art and more recently, a DIY skatepark.
Link: Calgary Skateboarding: The Bridge Spot DIY
I love this black and white photo of a lone walker on the Dave Freeze bridge that sits on the support columns of the Crowchild Trail bridge just above the Bow River.
I have no idea who thought it was a good idea to have a bench at this location under Bow Trail. It has to be one of the most brutal urban places in Calgary.
Over the past few years, I have regularly encountered mysterious rock formations along the shoreline and in the huge gravel beach just west of Crowchild Trail at the Bow River.
Backstory: I believe there was an active gravel operation in the river in the '50s and maybe '60s. Given its proximity to downtown and the fact that each year's spring run-off means more rocks naturally gather here due to the sharp turn in the river, it made an ideal spot for a gravel operation.
This huge archimedian spiral was created in the summer of 2015.
Mini Inukshuks only 6 to 12 inches high and were all over the West Hillhurst beach in the Bow River in 2015.
Pop-Up Public Art
This past spring, I happened upon an unknown artist (there was a hand done sign but no name) who created a temporary art project entitled "Rock The River: harmonizing Calgary's Shoreline." It was like a little village of rock sentinels and sticks, something like what a family might build on vacation at a beach. Later I found out the artist is Luke Materi who has done numerous rock installations along the Bow River.
Another time I found the words "Love Art" spelled out in rocks along the north bank of the river – like something right out of the '60s hippy culture or today's "new age" culture.
Link: CTV News Calgary Artist's Cairns
Rocks on the River, Feb 2016
Rocks on the River, February 2016
Love Art, February 2016
DIY Skate Park?
The latest quirky addition to the no man's land under the Bow/Crow bridges is a DIY skateboard park. What a great idea?
Backstory: The first choice for the Shaw Millennium Park skateboard park was under the 4th and 5th Avenue Flyover bridges in East Village next to the Drop-In Centre. However, the Drop In Centre's senior staff protested (Yes, more NIMBYism). They didn't want a skateboard park next to them and felt parents wouldn't want their children to be near the Center, which was home to many drug addicts, dealers and criminals (their words no mine). So, it became part of the new Millennium Park in West Downtown in 2000. True story.
Under the Bow Trail bridge is a no man's land that is quietly becoming a DIY skatepark.
Quietly, a group of experienced Calgary skateboarders on their own initiative and with their own money and sweat equity have converted an abandon section of a pathway under the Bow Trail flyover for cars and LRT into a small skateboard park. The day I was there six guys ranging age from 30 to early 40s were working building a new jump, cleaning up the site and painting over graffiti.
They looked at me a bit strange when I first arrived with my camera but when I explained who I was and what I was doing, they were most friendly and helpful. You could tell they were proud of what they were doing and felt they were making a meaningful contribution to making our city a better place.
They haven't asked for permission. They just cleaned up the barren, brutal space and made it into a DIY skate park. Shouldn't that be rewarded?
Welcome to THE BRIDGE signage!
I understand the police have visited several times and love the idea that they have taken an abandoned space and given it life. I really hope the City won't shut down the place or take over the space, spend a couple of million dollars and try to make it into a formal park. There is something authentic about a "guerrilla warfare" approach to this skate park that makes it attractive to skateboarders.
It seems to me the DIY skatepark is the equivalent to any one of the hundreds of DIY outdoor skating rink the City allows in their parks. Yes one is year-round and the other is temporary, but they are both the result of Calgarians wanting to invest their own time and energy to enhance the recreational opportunities for others. Perhaps all the City needs to do is put up a sign saying, "Play at your own risk!"
Besides, I am told by skateboarders part of the fun of skateboarding is to skate where you are not suppose to. It is about thrill of new places that create new challenges to do their tricks. It is about creating their own place.
Link: Forest Lawn DIY skatepark
Everyone is invited to enjoy THE BRIDGE skate park. I was even asked if I wanted to give it a try. I declined.
While was there people came and went, some were helping to build and fix up the park, others were there to try it out. There was a wonderful sense of community and camaraderie.
While places like Shaw Millennium Park and other sanctioned parks are great, there is still a need for the true "underground" (or in this case "underbridge") skateboard experience. The same is true for Materi's artwork, which like street art, seem more real than sanctioned public art, which too often seems contrived and out of context.
I am thinking Calgary should be fostering these kind of DIY (tax free) initiatives, which help make our city more attractive and interesting. Indeed something special is happening under the Bow/Crow bridges.
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Mexico City: Full of Surprises
In Calgary, city building, exploring, placemaking, playgrounds, urbanism, underground, skatepark, skateboarding Tags DIY, Skatepark, Public art, Calgary, community, park
The End of The Grand Trunkers' Playground Envy
Richard White June 22, 2016
In Calgary, communities are defined by their playgrounds. There is even a website devoted to reviewing and ranking Calgary's playgrounds (Calgary Playground Review). Given there were new playgrounds all around Grand Trunk Park – Helicopter Park, Westmount Park, West Hillhurst Recreation Centre Park – the neighbours living near the Park with its '80s playground were silently suffering from a serious case of "playground envy."
As you can see, Grand Trunk's old swing set required some creativity to make it fun for older kids.
I have lived across the street from West Hillhurst's Grand Trunk Park (west side of 23rd Street, between 5th and 6th Avenues NW) for over 25 years. For many of those years, I didn't even know it was called Grand Trunk Park as there was no sign a few years ago, then a one magically appeared a few years ago. I began doing some research and realized the old house next to the park (which was the Maritime Reunion Hall in the '80s and '90s) began its life in 1911 as the Grand Trunk Cottage School. I have a sneaking suspicion that 100 years ago the park served as the schoolyard for its students.
Fast forward to 2016. Grand Trunk Park is getting worn out and tired looking. This is not surprising as the streets around the park are literally being taken over by young kids playing street hockey, skateboarding and shooting hoops. I am told the 2300 block of 6th Avenue alone has over 25 children under the age of 16.
Over the past year or so, the park has become a wonderful gathering place for the neighbours and the parents whose children go to the Honey Bee Daycare located on the northwest corner of the Park. Families from blocks away mix and mingle at the park, getting to know each other while older kids play in the park unsupervised, just like in the 50s and 60s. No helicopter parents here!
The old slide was good for practicing your snowboarding skills.
Kubb Anyone?
We have never seen the Park used by more people for more activities. One day I counted eight different activities in the park - everything from kite flying to lacrosse, to some guy doing sprints. There were even some young adults throwing wooden blocks at wooden blocks - a poor man's version of bocce perhaps? When I asked what they were playing, they said "Kubb." Turns out it is a Swedish lawn game where the object is to knock over wooden blocks by throwing wooden batons at them; kind of a combination of bowling and horseshoes.
Kubb could be the new darts
And I have seen as many as five different activities in the Park at one time – a mother hitting a baseball to her son, two young boys taking shots on each other using the soccer goal posts, young families playing in the playground, a dad and his son kicking the soccer ball around and me practising my chipping by hitting golf balls from one tree well to another.
Like Kubb, some other activities have me puzzled. A couple of times I ventured out into the park to ask people what they are doing. In March, three people with long, large ropes attached to the soccer posts with a backpack attached to the ropes told me they were practising mountain rescues. Not sure if I should believe them but they came back a few times, so who knows. Another time, a guy also with huge ropes also attached to the soccer posts (yes, the posts are used for soccer too) was waving them up and down practising for some iron man competition.
Even with big trees and telephone poles and wires, Grand Trunk Park can be a fun kite flying spot.
Grand Trunk Park Happy Hour
At about 10 o'clock on weekdays, the preschoolers attending the adjacent Honey Bee Daycare make a beeline to the playground. At about 4 pm on weekdays, Grand Trunk Happy Hour starts - parents pick up their children and many head to the playground, break out the juice boxes and snacks. The Park again becomes animated. At Happy Hour, the 2400 block of 6th Avenue becomes a gridlock with cars; we love it.
Happy Hour at the Grand Trunk playground!
Lottery Winners!
Where is this going you ask? Well, late in 2015, the City contacted the West Hillhurst Community Association informing them that they were going to replace the playground equipment (it had come to the end of its lifespan) and wanted to engage the neighbours. Word spread like wildfire (a "good" wildfire) - you would have thought we'd won the lottery.
A neighbourhood meeting was quickly called. Enthusiasm for making Grand Trunk Park the envy of the inner city was high. But wait, we had no time to fundraise; no time to create a grand plan for our historic park as the City wanted to replace the playground equipment in June and so we had just over a month to "hurry up and agree on what equipment we wanted and get it ordered."
Just another day at Grand Trunk Park
Community Catalyst
It's unbelievable how the City's decision to replace the aging playground equipment has been a catalyst for creating a real sense of community for families for blocks around the park. Some families are even from the other side (west) of Crowchild Trail (CT), which surprised us as most people think of CT as a barrier.
The outpouring of support for the playground revitalization was amazing. When the equipment quote came in higher than expected, a quick email soliciting donations exceeded expectations. When a call went out for volunteers to help with the two-day installation, there was no problem getting the bodies needed.
Even the Park & Play installation supervisor said we were great – in fact, the second best group of volunteers he said he had ever worked with on the 200+ playgrounds he has done! (A group of Martindale volunteers were "best" because of special circumstances associated with their playground.) No big egos; no bickering when we had to re-dig the hole for the swings on Day 2 (it was two feet too high). No panic or annoyance when we figured out late on Day 1 (after we re-dug the hole for the slide thinking the hole dug by the backhoe was in the wrong place) that they had sent us the wrong slide.
The aftermath of unpacking the playground equipment looked like we had just been to IKEA.
Ladies at work!
Men at work! In this case we found that in preparing the site one of the cement foundations from the old playground had not been removed.
Measure twice dig once?
It is all coming together now!
Even with all of our team work, the 8ft slide wouldn't attach to the 7ft climbing wall structure.
The "Water Test!" Who knew you have to pour water down the slide to see if it would run off to know if it was installed correctly? We do now!
Just a few more inches!
Check out this video of the Grand Trunk Wheel Barrow Ballet
Kids Again
Perhaps the funniest thing about Day 1 of the installation was that while everyone really craved a cold beer by mid afternoon, we all quite happily settled for freezies. The sight of 15 adults all eating freezies was very humourous. On the second day, we settled for watermelon as our refreshment. Oh so appropriate for a children's playground install!
Ironically, the second (final) day of the installation was Neighbours Day in Calgary so once done, we gathered for an old fashioned house party hosted by one of the neighbours. Dozens of kids and adults had a grand time on the street in front of the house (using the basketball net bought by a neighbour who has no kids but thought a street with 25 kids needed a basket net), on the front porch (which was turned into "buffet central") and in the big enclosed backyard that became a sports field.
I overheard one parent say, "I imagine this must have been what it was like in the '50s when neighbouring families played together."
Ready for the gravel, inspection and then reopening of the playground.
Calgary has over 5,200 parks, big and small. I am pretty sure Grand Trunk Park will never be the best park in the city, but already the proud Grand Trunkers (what we are now calling ourselves) are talking about plans for more improvements.
In the meantime, we are working to expand our informal Tuesday Night "Drop By The Park to Play" and "Sunday Morning Madness" drop ins. A park toy box is now on our front porch so families can borrow balls, Frisbees, a tug of war rope and limbo stick as desired.
It's back to the future in Grand Trunk Park this summer.
It was a real team effort to get the Grand Trunk Park installed in two days.
A Big Thank You To:
City of Calgary
Parks Foundation Calgary
Park & Play
Leigha Pidde
Grand Trunker Voluteers
Public Art vs Playgrounds in 21st Century
Playgrounds Gone Wild?
Rome: A Surprise Playground Lunch!
In Calgary, neighborhoods, placemaking, playgrounds, Parks, urban design, urban living, urbanism Tags playgrounds, community, parks, neighborhoods, Good Neighbor, games

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Endings: Letting go of previous ways of doing, thinking, and being; dealing with loss.
Beginnings: What starts, increases? What is the ask regarding new ways of doing, thinking, and being?
Neutral Zone: This is the normal, ongoing, what isn't changing; remind people of what is there.
Before you can begin something new, you have to end what used to be. Before you can learn a new way of doing things, you have to unlearn the old way. Before you can become a different kind of person, you must let go of your old identity. Beginnings depend on endings. The problem is, people don't like endings.
He then describes a series of steps for addressing the endings, and the loss, that people are facing: identify who's losing what; accept the reality and importance of the subjective losses; don't be surprised at overreaction…and so forth.
Like the work of other great pioneers in change management, Bridges' work continues to prove sound today. And, if we bring a neuroscience lens to it, we can find ways of applying it even more successfully. While Bridges calls for endings in order to make way for beginnings, our brains really don't do endings very well; neural networks don't have on/off switches that allow us to shut them down so that they can be replaced.
What we now know is that a more effective way to drive changes in doing, thinking, and being is what Judith Glaser refers to as "down-regulating" and "up-regulating." By down-regulating those things that you want to minimize or stop while upregulating those things you want to start or increase, you are actually reprogramming the neural pathways.
As change practitioners, our clients are best served when we continue to respect the classics while viewing them through the most recent relevant knowledge available to us.


Fuse Specification – Act Fast, or Take Your Time?
Fuses provide critical protection to electrical systems and the properties those systems serve by opening circuits to shut down the flow of electricity when dangerous overload and short-circuit conditions occur. But sometimes this protective behavior can become a nuisance, as when standard inrush currents trigger a fuse to blow. For these applications, time-delay fuses combine needed protection, while allowing the brief overcurrent conditions that occur when motors, lighting ballasts and transformers start up their operations.
The alternative to using time-delay – also called "slow blow" – fuses, requires specifiers to design panels for oversized fuses to serve circuits with inductive loads. For example, a fast-acting fuse might need to be sized at 300% of an ac motor current to handle temporary overloads as the motor starts up. This practice can lead to larger-than-necessary panels and less-than-optimal short-circuit protection.
Many time-delay fuses operate by incorporating a second fusing element – generally, some sort of spring – that specifically handles short-term overcurrent conditions. The primary fuse element remains in place to rapidly shut down operation should a short circuit occur. In this way, time-delay fuses can handle temporary power surges while still remaining sensitive to high-amperage short circuits, so they can be sized more closely to actual motor loads.
Fast-acting, single-element fuses remain critical players in overcurrent protection designs, however. They can be the better choice for circuits without surge-prone inductive loads. In such applications, fast-acting models can protect downstream equipment that might be sensitive to overloads, over time. And by reacting before individual, equipment-level fuses blow, they can save the time that might be needed to get that equipment back online.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;

namespace Gama.Cooperacion.Wpf.Converters
{
    // new Class
    public class BinaryImageConverter : IValueConverter
    {
        object IValueConverter.Convert(object value,
            Type targetType,
            object parameter,
            System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
        {
            if (value != null && value is byte[])
            {
                byte[] bytes = value as byte[];

                MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(bytes);

                BitmapImage image = new BitmapImage();
                image.BeginInit();
                image.StreamSource = stream;

                try
                {
                    image.EndInit();
                }
                catch (NotSupportedException ex)
                {
                    throw;
                    //BitmapImage image2 = new BitmapImage();
                    //image2.BeginInit();

                    ////image2.UriSource = new Uri("pack://application:,,,/Gama.Common;component/Resources/Images/default_user_icon.png");
                    //image2.EndInit();
                    //return image2;
                }

                return image;
            }

            // Imagen por defecto
            if (value == null)
            {
                //Image finalImage = new Image();
                BitmapImage logo = new BitmapImage();
                logo.BeginInit();
                logo.UriSource = new Uri("pack://application:,,,/Gama.Common;component/Resources/Images/default_user_icon.png");
                logo.EndInit();
                //finalImage.Source = logo;
                return logo;
            }

            // No se debería llegar aquí
            return null;
        }

        object IValueConverter.ConvertBack(object value,
            Type targetType,
            object parameter,
            System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
        {
            return ImageToByte(value as BitmapImage);
        }

        public static byte[] GetBitmapImageFromUriSource(Uri uriSource)
        {
            BitmapImage bitmapImage = new BitmapImage();
            bitmapImage.BeginInit();
            bitmapImage.UriSource = uriSource;
            bitmapImage.EndInit();

            return ImageToByte(bitmapImage);
        }

        public static byte[] ImageToByte(BitmapImage imageSource)
        {
            var encoder = new PngBitmapEncoder();
            encoder.Frames.Add(BitmapFrame.Create(imageSource));

            using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
            {
                encoder.Save(ms);
                return ms.ToArray();
            }
        }
    }

    //class BinaryImageConverter
    //{
    //}
    //class BinaryImageConverter : IValueConverter
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    //    object IValueConverter.ConvertBack(object value,
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}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Playpark Publishes Official Statement Regarding "E-Games" Comeback
In response to a viral Facebook post from a page claiming to be E-Games, PlayPark has issued a statement regarding the supposed "return" of classic MMORPGs like RAN Online, CABAL, O2Jam, and a couple more games.
PlayPark Philippines, the name for the Level Up Games/E-Games merger games publishing brand under Asiasoft, previously or still owns the distribution rights to the aforementioned games. In their statement below, PlayPark doubles on this fact and is firm on taking legal action to protect their IP.
The full statement is below:
"PlayPark is one of the premiere game publishers in the Philippines and in Southeast Asia.
We are the only company with the official license to publish CABAL in the region thanks to our long-standing partnership with the game's developer ESTgames.
Recently, it has come to our attention that a Facebook page using the account name "E-Games" has announced that it will be bringing back CABAL. The owners of this "E-Games" Facebook page is not affiliated with us, and should caution players from engaging with them.
Any and all instances of the CABAL logo being used in any form to deliver the game to users outside of PlayPark is a violation of the partnership we have with the game developer and as such, is not supported by said developer in any way.
Please refrain from entertaining or playing CABAL on privately-owned instances of the game as the entities behind them are not in contact with the game developer and are doing this purely for their own benefit.
Should this "E-Games" Facebook page continue with its intention to publish or distribute CABAL, then we will be forced to take all legal actions available to us under Republic Act 8293 – or the Intellectual Property Code – and in other applicable laws to protect our license, our partner developer, and the public."
This comes after nearly a month of persistent posts and announcements from the "E-Games" Facebook page which has made numerous updates since then.
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I went to the wedding reception for Mrs. Reiko Yoshida who is a writer for magazine, Classy.
Gladly, I was able to create a wedding dress for her! It took 2 months to complete and we had many meetings to discuss details such as silhouette or fabric. We chose thick silk taffeta from Taroni in Italy. I created sketch design to begin with and finishing it accordingly.
I was always excited and felt special to producing it as I could also work with my favorite pattern making and sewing people I have worked for NY collection in the past. It is an absolutely show piece and special dress!
I did tacking twice and checked silhouette with sheeting. As matter of fact, under dress was good enough to wear as it is.
It is all haute couture from crinoline to corset!
Her happy face made us excited at fittings every time. The wedding party was so wonderful! I and our staff were so horned to be a part of such a great couple's special day!!
Wishing her a happy married life!


text:
Methylphenidate Hydrochloride
Rhodes Pharmaceuticals 30 June 2021
METHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE- methylphenidate hydrochloride capsule, extended release
Rhodes Pharmaceuticals
WARNING: ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE
CNS stimulants, including Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules, other methylphenidate-containing products, and amphetamines, have a high potential for abuse and dependence. Assess the risk of abuse prior to prescribing, and monitor for signs of abuse and dependence while on therapy [see Warning and Precautions (5.1), Drug Abuse and Dependence (9.2, 9.3)].
Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules is indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in patients 6 years and older [see Clinical Studies (14)].
Pediatric patients younger than 6 years of age experienced higher plasma exposure than patients 6 years and older at the same dose and high rates of adverse reactions, most notably weight loss [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].
2.1 Pretreatment Screening
Prior to treating pediatric patients and adults with CNS stimulants including Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules, assess for the presence of cardiac disease (i.e., perform a careful history, family history of sudden death or ventricular arrhythmia, and physical exam) [see Warnings and Precautions 5.2].
Assess the risk of abuse prior to prescribing, and monitor for signs of abuse and dependence while on therapy. Maintain careful prescription records, educate patients about abuse, monitor for signs of abuse and overdose, and periodically re-evaluate the need for Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules use [see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions (5.1), and Drug Abuse and Dependence (9)].
2.2 General Dosing Information
The recommended starting dose of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules for patients 6 years and older is 10 mg once daily in the morning with or without food. Advise patients to establish a routine pattern with regard to meals. The dose should be individualized according to the needs and response of the patient.
The dose may be titrated weekly in increments of 10 mg. Daily doses above 60 mg have not been studied and are not recommended.
Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules may be taken whole or the capsule may be opened and the entire contents sprinkled onto applesauce. If the patient is using the sprinkled administration method, the sprinkled applesauce should be consumed immediately; it should not be stored. Patients should take the applesauce with sprinkled beads in its entirety without chewing. The dose of a single capsule should not be divided. The contents of the entire capsule should be taken, and patients should not take anything less than one capsule per day.
Pharmacological treatment of ADHD may be needed for extended periods. Healthcare providers should periodically re-evaluate the long-term use of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules, and adjust dosage as needed.
2.3 Dose Reduction and Discontinuation
If paradoxical aggravation of symptoms or other adverse reactions occur; the dosage should be reduced, or, if necessary, the drug should be discontinued.
If improvement is not observed after appropriate dosage adjustment over a one-month period, the drug should be discontinued.
10 mg Extended-Release Capsules – Hard Gelatin Capsules, white opaque body & light turquoise blue opaque cap containing white spherical beads. Body Imprinting: 910. Cap imprinting: RP
15 mg Extended-Release Capsules – Hard Gelatin Capsules, white opaque body and orange cap containing white spherical beads. Body imprinting: 915. Cap imprinting: RP
20 mg Extended-Release Capsules Hard Gelatin Capsules, white opaque body and yellow opaque cap containing white spherical beads. Body imprinting: 920. Cap imprinting: RP
30 mg Extended-Release Capsules Hard Gelatin Capsules, white opaque body and blue violet cap containing white spherical beads. Body imprinting: 930. Cap imprinting: RP
40 mg Extended-Release Capsules – Hard Gelatin Capsules, white opaque body and pink opaque cap containing white spherical beads. Body imprinting: 940. Cap imprinting: RP
50 mg Extended-Release Capsules – Hard Gelatin Capsules, white opaque body and green opaque cap containing white spherical beads. Body imprinting: 950. Cap Imprinting: RP
60 mg Extended-Release Capsules Hard Gelatin Capsules, white opaque body and gray opaque cap containing white spherical beads. Body imprinting: 960. Cap imprinting: RP
Hypersensitivity to methylphenidate or other components of the product. Hypersensitivity reactions such as angioedema and anaphylactic reactions have been reported in patients treated with methylphenidate products [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
Concomitant treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and also within 14 days following discontinuation of treatment with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, because of the risk of hypertensive crisis [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].
5.1 Potential for Abuse and Dependence
CNS stimulants, including Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules, other methylphenidate-containing products, and amphetamines, have a high potential for abuse and dependence. Assess the risk of abuse prior to prescribing and monitor for signs of abuse and dependence while on therapy [see Boxed Warning and Drug Abuse and Dependence (9.2, 9.3)].
5.2 Serious Cardiovascular Reactions
Sudden death, stroke and myocardial infarction have been reported in adults with CNS stimulant treatment at recommended doses. Sudden death has been reported in pediatric patients with structural cardiac abnormalities and other serious heart problems taking CNS stimulants at recommended doses for ADHD. Avoid use in patients with known structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious heart arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, and other serious heart problems. Further evaluate patients who develop exertional chest pain, unexplained syncope, or arrhythmias during Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules treatment.
5.3 Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Increases
CNS stimulants cause an increase in blood pressure (mean increase approximately 2 to 4 mmHg) and heart rate (mean increase approximately 3 to 6 bpm). Individuals may have larger increases. Monitor all patients for hypertension and tachycardia.
5.4 Psychiatric Adverse Reactions
Exacerbation of Pre-Existing Psychosis
CNS stimulants may exacerbate symptoms of behavior disturbance and thought disorder in patients with a pre-existing psychotic disorder.
Induction of a Manic Episode in Patients with Bipolar Disorder
CNS stimulants may induce a manic or mixed episode in patients. Prior to initiating treatment, screen patients for risk factors for developing a manic episode (e.g., comorbid or history of depressive symptoms or a family history of suicide, bipolar disorder, or depression).
New Psychotic or Manic Symptoms
CNS stimulants, at recommended doses, may cause psychotic or manic symptoms (e.g., hallucinations, delusional thinking, or mania) in patients without a prior history of psychotic illness or mania. If such symptoms occur, consider discontinuing Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules. In a pooled analysis of multiple short-term, placebo-controlled studies of CNS stimulants, psychotic or manic symptoms occurred in approximately 0.1% of CNS stimulant-treated patients, compared to 0 in placebo-treated patients.
5.5 Priapism
Prolonged and painful erections, sometimes requiring surgical intervention, have been reported with methylphenidate products, in both pediatric and adult patients. Priapism was not reported with drug initiation but developed after some time on the drug, often subsequent to an increase in dose. Priapism has also appeared during a period of drug withdrawal (drug holidays or during discontinuation). Patients who develop abnormally sustained or frequent and painful erections should seek immediate medical attention.
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Brand names beginning with the letter 'M' (Methylphenidate Hydrochloride).
Medications with generic name beginning with the letter 'M' (Methylphenidate Hydrochloride).
Medication information from June 2021, newest first or June 2021, earliest first.
https://medlibrary.org/lib/rx/meds/methylphenidate-hydrochloride-57/


Peacefully nestled away to the rear of the block in a sought-after pocket of Miranda, this single level residence is perfectly suited to downsizers or young families providing a readymade home of space, privacy and ease of living.
Generous interiors feature ample living spaces and accommodation, while a sizeable undercover entertaining area overlooks a sundrenched sparkling in-ground pool. Conveniently located to Westfield Miranda, variety of schools, parks and transport.


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In this bible study, we discuss Christ's teaching on humility through three interactions: first, an interaction with his disciples, when he presented a child as an exemplification of humility and declared that "whoever humbles himself as this little child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven" [Matthew 18:4, NKJV]; second, an interaction with fellow guests at a dinner, where he explained that people should refrain from assigning themselves to seats of honor, to avoid potential demotion by the host, for "whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted" [Luke 14:11, NKJV]; and third, an interaction with his disciples and a large audience during the Sermon on the Mount.
Humility conveys a message that a person is available and willing to provide or accept assistance as needed. It sets up an environment for fulfilling God's purpose of mutual provider-receiver relationships among people, whereby every person is potentially a provider sometimes and receiver at other times. Humility conveys a person as predisposed to appreciate other people as potential providers of human service and willing to perform services to benefit others. Therefore, a person's humility conveys Godliness to others and motivates them to do the same. God creates every person to be humble, expects and rewards humility, but punishes haughtiness.
Christ uses the parable of the Sower to explain that God grants opportunities to every person to know him and grow, flourish, and bear fruit in him. Furthermore, he uses the parable to warn that a person may fail to accomplish the goal of flourishing and bearing fruit in God because of personal habits and environmental influence.
He identifies three potential causes of failure as poor understanding and assimilation of the message, inadequate connection to spiritual nourishment, and inability to withstand enemy competition. In this discussion of the parable of the Sower, we focus on the approach to guarding against and rising above the potential causes of failure. We discuss our understanding of the potential failures and identify various things we can do to avoid them, in order to attain maturity in God and live the life that he created in us. Also, we recall information from previous bible studies to discuss the meaning of bearing fruit in God.
Through the parable of the Talents, Christ teaches that God grants every person a set of capabilities and expects us to deploy them toward fulfilling responsibilities to ourselves and others.
He expects each person to expand the capabilities, by increasing their value, effectiveness, and variety of deployment. He rewards people that deploy and expand their capabilities and punishes those that stagnate theirs. Furthermore, we learn through the parable that God accepts using commercial enterprise to respond to a call to compassion and extend our capabilities in the process. However, the commercial activities need to satisfy principles of Godliness based on fair value for goods and fair fee for services.
The parable is part of a series of teaching through which Christ explains God's purpose and expectations for people and how he will judge our performance toward fulfilling the expectations. He uses the parable to explain that God creates every person with the capabilities to perform their functions as his provider assistant. This bible study focuses on Christ's teaching in the parable of the Talents and tries to increase understanding of the teaching by examining information from other bible passages that point to the principles of Godliness in commercial enterprise.
Christ urges us to convey the message of God to others through our deeds: let your Godliness radiate impact to others "that they may see your good deeds and glorify your Father in heaven" [Matthew 5:16; Luke 8:16]. If we do this, people will be drawn to us as they were drawn to him.
GODLINESS DRAWS PEOPLE People were drawn to Jesus because of his Godliness, which manifested as the power to perform miracles, heal diseases, cast out demons, and explain the word of God clearly. Similarly, human Godliness draws people and manifests as living in the image of God: whereby the person is a channel for God's compassion (i.e., God's provider assistant) and conveyor of the image of God. People feel the hand of God in the person's actions. In this bible study, we examine accounts of people being drawn to Jesus in large numbers because of his Godliness, share understanding of what it means for a person to be Godly and let his/her Godliness shine to impact others. Also, we will recall an example from the life of Joseph to illustrate people being drawn to a person because of Godliness.


Internet search provider Lycos says it has signed a definitive agreement to acquire WhoWhere for $133 million in stock.
Aiming to build its Net portal, Internet search provider Lycos announced today that it has signed a definitive agreement to acquire Net information service WhoWhere for $133 million in stock.
The deal represents another move to gain larger audience reach in the increasingly competitive Web portal sector.
WhoWhere is a provider of email and home page technology, yellow- and white-page listings, classified ads, and other information.
With the acquisition, Lycos users will be able to access Lycos.com, Angelfire.com, WhoWhere.com, Mailcity.com, and Tripod.com. Lycos is the fourth most popular Web site destination behind America Online, Yahoo, and Microsoft, according to the company.
Lycos CEO Bob Davis (right) and WhoWhere CEO Dale Fuller shake on the deal. Lycos president and CEO, said the acquisition is part of the company's focus on communities, rather than on becoming a portal.
"The concept of portal doesn't work for me anymore, because if you talk about long-term revenue out of the Web, you need to not just get [users onto the site] but also keep them there all day," Davis said. "Communities do that."
He added WhoWhere's services, by keeping users on the site longer, will increase Lycos' prospects for generating more advertising and e-commerce revenues.
WhoWhere offers directory service and email service to 9.3 million registered users.
Dale Fuller, CEO of WhoWhere, said his company chose to partner with Lycos over others because of the company's management.
"We saw the strength of management that Lycos had, compared with all the other portals that were out there, and the fiscal responsibility they had, and a shared vision very similar to ours," Fuller said in today's conference call. "And we saw the growth factor that they would have over the next years would be enormous compared to anyone else out there in the market. That is what we bet on."
WhoWhere will continue to operate from its Mountain View, California-based office as a business unit of Lycos, which is based in Waltham, Massachusetts. Fuller is now a Lycos vice president and general manager of the WhoWhere division.


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Stuart's Story
The S-Factor Blog
Embracing Our Betweenness
I Need Help, Bro
Are You Really Safe?
The New Comfortable
The Power of Experience & Intuition in Making Decisions
Brand Positioning with Purpose – The Ultimate Transformer
10 Actions to Strengthen Your Leadership
Lead Like An Athlete
How to Get Your Leadership Flow On
Psychology and Mindset
Laird Hamilton tow-in surfs Jaws, an 80-foot wave off the coast of Hawaii.
Alex Honnold free-solo climbs Yosemite's Half Dome. No ropes. Just shoes, shorts, chalk and rock.
Shane McConkey ski-base jumps off The Eiger.
Tyler Bradt kayaks 189 feet off Palouse Falls, Washington.
Breakthroughs in athletic performance have been remarkable the last 20 years. While technology and training explain part of the advances, both extreme athletes, brain neuroscientists and psychologists increasingly explain these performances by a higher frequency of mental focus – the frequency of flow.
Legendary free-solo climber, base jumper and extreme slackliner, Dean Potter described the flow experience as a momentary state of hyper-awareness. He says of slacklining: "When I'm out on the line it really brings out my creativity. Ya know, if you're lucky . . . brief moments when you're just seeing everything. Seeing the beautiful world . . . all that's there . . . right in the moment."
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, author of Flow, The Psychology of Optimal Experience, define flow as the mental state of compete absorption in the current experience. In his 2014 Harvard Business Review article Create a Work Environment That Fosters Flow, Steven Kotler of the Flow Genome Project, defines it as:
Technically defined as an "optimal state of consciousness where we feel our best and perform our best," the term takes its name from the sensation it confers. In flow, every action, every decision, arises seamlessly from the last. In this state, we are so focused on the task at hand that all else falls away. Action and awareness merge. Our sense of self vanishes. Our sense of time distorts. And performance goes through the roof.
Flow isn't only for extreme athletes. It's for business leaders and teams and companies are paying attention. A 10-year study by McKinsey & Co. revealed that top executives are 5 times more effective in a flow state. Leaders who improve flow 15-20% double their productivity. They also outperform on creativity, the number one talent desired by today's CEOs. No surprise that Facebook, Google and Patagonia are all creating conditions for flow so they can enhance creativity, accelerate innovation, improve productivity and simply create more joy in the workplace. And with more joy there is more flow.
Flow is ubiquitous according to Csikszentmihalyi, who identified 15 flow triggers that we can use to create conditions for flow. Here are a few to consider.
Take a risk. Do something that makes you uncomfortable but not so uncomfortable that you're totally gripped with fear. You don't have to sky dive. Triggers for flow can be social and psychological. What you must do is take a risk that have some consequence. For example, renowned fine artist Jennifer Till paints on small canvases. Then she started creating huge wall-sized work to push herself through to the next level.
Set a goal. A tangible goal will power you or a team to new level of focus. There is nothing like a sprint on a project at work, or a 100 meter dash, to "heighten and tighten" in Kotler's words, your attention and energy to the present.
Focus intensely. Go to a quiet location with the tools you need to dive in and focus exclusively on the task at hand. No cell phones or responding to the next social post. Just one, narrow focus. Meditation is a powerful practice. As an elite level Nordic skier a few years back, I regularly trained 20 hours per week. My training plan was tuned. I worked hard but I was missing my goals. Frustrated, I cut back my hours and started daily meditation. The next season, I raced and placed among the fastest skiers in America.
Indulge in your passions and purpose. As Simon Sinek says, focus on your "Why." Work on the one thing gives you a deep sense of meaning and intrinsic value; something that is true to who you are as a person and something you believe in. When we do this, all distractions tend to fall away. And flow rises.
Add in autonomy and mastery. Edward Deci, Director of the Human Motivation Program at the University of Rochester and author of Why We Do What We Do, says when people are grounded in purpose and are supported to work autonomously and master a unique competency, conditions are tuned for new levels of creativity and productivity.
Be patient. Be mindful that like any new skill, it takes time and patience with yourself as you progress
A few years back, Dennis Kimmetto set a world record for the marathon at 2:02:57, an average pace of 4:42/mile, re-igniting conversations of 1954 when Bannister challenged the 4:00 mile barrier. Nike just announced Breaking2, a quest to break the 2-hour barrier. This is a 3% increase, ironically. Will it be flow that moves Nike's athletes through the 2-hour barrier?
Is it flow that holds the key to our next level of innovation in life and business?
If you want to talk about how to build a mindset for performance, feel free to reach out to me here. I'd love to talk.
by Stuart Johnson | Uncategorized
We are always in motion, in a state of becoming. Embracing our becoming means embracing our always present "betweenness," a term coined from poet philosopher Jane Hirshfield.
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Ali's Dojang was established in 1986 by Grandmaster Ali, Alipour, in Southwest Iran. Since then it has travelled to Belgium and currently is based in London, UK. Ali's Dojang has competed in many national and international competitions, and past students now include Masters with multiple clubs across Iran, national and International Referees and people in positions of political power in Taekwondo.
Why should you choose Ali's Dojang?
The instructors of Ali's Dojang have a combination of knowledge and experience inside the art of Taekwondo that provides you with the best training.
In addition, our instructors are qualified coaches and have been CRB checked by the British Taekwondo (BT).
At present, Iran and Korea are the top two countries and the world famed for their excellence in Taekwondo. Grandmaster Alipour is a 7th Dan Black Belt. He was part of the Iranian National fight team. He has studied for over 33 years and has trained at Kyung Hee University in South Korea.
Our members are of all ages, starting at 5 years old. We have courses for children and adult professionals. Our club is managed professionally, and we offer competitions and awards as well as classes. We welcome men, women, and children to join our active Taekwondo team.


Reno/Tahoe Int'l Airport is approx 65 mi away. From the airport, take Hwy 395 South through Carson City to Hwy 50 West. Follow Hwy 50 West to S. Lake Tahoe to Kingsbury Grade (Hwy 207). Turn left on Kingsbury Grade and follow to the top of the grade to Tramway Dr. Turn right on Tramway and follow to the WorldMark signs on your right (approx 1/4 mile). CHECK-IN AT 202 TRAMWAY DR. FROM SOUTH OF CARSON CITY: Take Hwy 395 North to Hwy 88 (approx 16 mi south of Carson City). Turn right on Hwy 88 and follow to Mottsville Lane (approx 1 mile). Turn right on Mottsville and follow to Kingsbury Grade (Hwy 207). Go to the top of the grade and turn left on Tramway and follow directions above.


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Head north for great deals
Shoppers who charge at least $100 to their Citi Credit Cards at Waterway Point will receive a $10 rebate.
Check out Bottega Verde at the mall.
Punggol's Waterway Point is a family-friendly mall that attracts adults and children alike
Punggol's largest shopping mall is celebrating the GSS in a big way.
Waterway Point is a family-friendly mall that attracts adults and children alike.
Civil servant Maurice Koh, 49, and his wife, Madam Lily Siew, 40, are looking forward to shopping there.
Madam Siew, a teacher, said: "I learnt that Waterway Point will have a large number of discounts and special offers during the GSS this year.
"I will jump at the chance to restock my wardrobe and win prizes along the way."
National University of Singapore undergraduate Terence Kwan, 21, and his girlfriend, Miss Maisy San, 20, are also looking for bargains.
Swift 5 gives portability with power
All-round comfort at Chinatown Point
Have a good time at Yew Tee Point
All-round family fun at Kallang Wave Mall
Mr Kwan said: "I will definitely spend a lot of time at Waterway Point within the next few months.
"The mall has great eateries and I am going to buy new clothes from Esprit."
He added: "I have heard of Crescendo Hairdressing's reputation, and I think I will go there for a great haircut and styling that will make me look good!
The GSS will turn the mall into a palace of bargains, great activities and promotions. Mr Terence Kwan, who is looking for bargains at the mall
"The GSS will turn the mall into a palace of bargains, great activities and promotions."
Check out the following Waterway Point outlets for great discounts and promotions.
CRESCENDO HAIRDRESSING
Crescendo Hairdressing has a team of stylists from Singapore and Japan.
The hairstyling brand has six outlets in Singapore, including its latest outlet at Waterway Point.
Its work has been featured in top magazines such as Cleo, Female, Scene and Men's Folio.
For the GSS, they will be offering the one-for-one promotion for all hairdressing and hair treatment services.
Esprit, which can be found in more than 40 countries, is a US-based fashion brand that creates inspiring collections.
The products demonstrate the commitment to make the customer "feel good to look good".
Esprit will have a Summer Preview, with 30 per cent off all clothing items storewide and $50 off for all timepieces. Eyewear will cost $49.95 each.
Bottega Verde began as an herbalist's shop in Italy in 1972.
The leading brand is known for its cosmetics, which are made with quality natural active ingredients.
Bottega Verde, which has more than six million customers, uses more than 300 natural functional ingredients selected from their areas of origin to preserve their effectiveness.
During the GSS, shoppers who buy their Argan products will get a 30 per cent discount on the second item purchased.
New members will each receive a gift when they scan a QR code put up outside the outlet.
Since its invention in 1898 by pharmacist Maurice Berger, Lampe Berger Paris has been well known for purifying and fragrancing indoor air.
Lampe Berger invented and patented the catalytic burner.
It was initially used to sanitise air in hospitals and polluted industrial environments.
Today, it is used as an air purifier and a decorative item.
HAN'S
Shoppers will have a range of dishes to choose from at the Han's restaurant chain.
There will be meal options to suit everybody.
Besides the breakfast menus, Han's has All-Day Set Meals, Pasta, local favourites and signature dishes such as Hainanese pork chop and curry chicken.
Great Singapore SalesalesShoppingGSS