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Joe Biden is taking a low-key approach to Donald Trump. It worked for Canada
No formal instruction manual exists for Joe Biden as he contends with Donald Trump's refusal to concede defeat. But the president-elect appears to be using a tactical playbook that has worked for Canada in its standoffs with Trump over the past four years, Susan Delacourt writes.
By Susan DelacourtNational Columnist
Sat., Nov. 14, 2020timer4 min. read
No formal instruction manual exists for Joe Biden as he contends with Donald Trump's refusal to concede defeat.
But the president-elect appears to be using a tactical playbook that has worked for Canada in its standoffs with Trump over the past four years.
It's a strategy with three basic rules: Don't engage Trump directly, don't make it personal and, whenever possible, detour around the president, using wider networks and long-established rules of order.
That's how Canada stared down Trump's repeated threats on trade, tariffs and even COVID-19 supplies. Biden's strategy toward Trump at the moment bears the same hallmarks.
Justin Trudeau and Biden reportedly did not exchange tips for dealing with Trump's tantrums when they spoke on the phone earlier this week. The conversation, while friendly, didn't stray into that territory, Trudeau's officials say.
Yet to watch Biden this week, you would almost swear they did.
Biden, for instance, has been remarkably low-key — too low-key for some, who would prefer outrage from the president-elect. Why isn't he shaking his fist at the microphone every day, demanding that Trump be a grown-up and obey the conventions that every losing presidential contestant has followed before now?
The answer to that, as Biden no doubt knows and Trudeau learned in 2018, is that Trump can't be publicly shamed into good behaviour, least of all by someone he regards as his opponent. When Trudeau spoke out against Trump's ridiculous aluminum and steel tariffs at the G-7 podium in Quebec in 2018, the president replied with a barrage of insults on Twitter.
Engaging Trump in a discussion at that point or replying in kind is a waste of time. Trudeau, as I've reported previously, told me in an interview at the end of 2018 that he was tempted to fire back at Trump at the time, but immediately thought better of it. "Does that help me do my job? Does that help Canadians? No. So I put that aside," Trudeau said.
The prime minister also held his fire last spring when Trump pulled out his America-first order on COVID-19 supplies. Premiers across the country denounced the president — and Premier Doug Ford said in the past week that this was a turning-off point for him with Trump. But Trudeau said nothing.
You can see this same approach playing out in the United States right now as Biden keeps his thoughts to himself about Trump's intransigence, ruefully biting his lip and saying little beyond "embarrassment" about a president detached from reality.
Biden also seems to be employing a technique that Canada has developed into an art in dealing with Trump — the art of the network detour. Rather than try to deal with Trump head-on with trade or tariff disputes, the Canadian government has fanned out across the United States to make its case to Congress, state governments and any players likely to have an influence on the president.
That approach strengthened Canada's hand when it was renegotiating free trade with Trump and won Canada an exemption from the America-first order on pandemic relief last spring. It also halted another threat of U.S. aluminum tariffs before they even got off the ground this fall.
Biden, similarly, is surrounding himself with a growing network of world leaders and influential people who publicly recognize him as the next president, despite Trump's ongoing denial. China finally came aboard late in the week.
At the same time, Trump may be denying Biden formal permission to get the transition process under way, but Biden's team seems to be just getting transition under way regardless, using the wide networks the former vice-president already has from his decades of work in Washington.
Analysis from Washington
Remember when Canada and the U.S. were friends? Joe Biden does
Here's how President Joe Biden will help — or harm — Canada
Joe Biden offers a glimmer of hope for two Canadians detained in China, says former ambassador
A CNN report on Friday described the effort as "back-channeling with governors, the private sector and the medical community."
At a news conference earlier this week, Biden said Trump's co-operation would be preferable but it "does not change the dynamic at all of what we're able to do." With almost a shrug, Biden added, "We don't see anything slowing us down, quite frankly."
Biden and his team, like the Trudeau government, have clearly decided that a one-on-one fight with Trump is pointless, especially when a one-against-many strategy is available.
Of course, there is one obvious reason that Biden and Trudeau have been using such similar techniques to battle Trump. This is a president who appears to go to war with his enemies the same way — with bluster, insults and denial. As long as Trump is using the same old routine, he makes it easier for his targets to share their own anti-Trump playbooks, as Trudeau has done for four years and Biden is doing now.
Susan Delacourt is an Ottawa-based columnist covering national politics for the Star. Reach her via email: sdelacourt@thestar.ca or follow her on Twitter: @susandelacourt
What do you think of Joe Biden's strategy as Trump refuses to concede the election?


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Paul Pogba remains calm as France criticised for poor performance - 'It's true that we must do better'
By Jim White 17 June 2018 • 3:29pm
Paul Pogba for France in their Russia World Cup 2018 opening match against Australia Credit: Sergei Bobylev/TASS
As he made his way to the team bus after France's opening game in Group C, Paul Pogba was realistic about his team's performance. Assessing a largely forgettable win over a committed, aggressive Australia, a victory significantly helped by the application of video assistance, Pogba said:
"We must not be too hard on ourselves, but it's true that we must do better. We hope to do better the next games. But if we win all like that, we'll take it." Sporting a pair of John Lennon sunglasses, his hairstyle unusually sober, Pogba was in a business-like frame of mind, straight-forward and pragmatic.
"They were very determined and they defended well," he said of the Australians. "It was difficult to find the spaces between the lines which is our strong point. We did not have many chances of goals as we are used to. Now, we know what to expect during World Cup matches that are never easy."
In a team of substantial youthful talent, Pogba remains the focal point of this French side. When he walked through the mixed zone after the game, the surge of reporters seeking his opinion was quite a sight. And, as usual, his name was the most frequently used in the manager's post-match press conference. Indeed there was a telling moment when a Russian journalist asked the French coach Didier Deschamps about the player's performance in the game.
"You have been criticised for not getting the best out of Pogba, but he was the best player on the pitch today, what did you say to him to make him play like that?"
Deschamps applauds the travelling France fans after their win over Australia Credit: Franck Fife/AFP
Deschamps answer was instructive. He said to the collected French press pack: "Did you hear that? He asked what I did to make Pogba play well." As he spoke, he sought out eye contact with the several prominent critics who have frequently insisted he is not employing the player properly. Indeed there is a similar tone to the criticism to that which Jose Mourinho faced last season: this French team, with Pogba at its heart, is dismissed by many as much less than the sum of its parts.
Deschamps himself admitted that against the Australians, there had been a "lack of pace and speed" about the team. Which is odd given the personnel: players like Kylian M'Bappe and Ousmane Dembele are quick enough to challenge Usain Bolt in a straight sprint.
But watching the French collective labour their way to victory in Kazan, it would be unfair to place any of the blame for the pedestrian pace on Pogba. He was central to the build up to both goals, freeing Antoine Griezmann with a superb pass to win the penalty, then galloping forward to concoct the winner, which may well have been an own goal by the unfortunate Aziz Behich, who seemed to have got the final touch to Pogba's shot.
World Cup 2018 | The best of the Telegraph's coverage
"I will be honest," smiled Pogba when asked the identity of the scorer. "It's a goal for the French team."
Rather than blaming Pogba, France's problem seems to stem from the structure at the heart of the side. In a midfield three, the Manchester United man plays to the left of N'Golo Kante, with Corentin Tolisso on the right. But with Kante playing so deep he was practically a third central defender, there was nobody in the middle supplying passes and getting up to support the pacey front line. Which meant instead of probing, France were plodding. One prominent Deschamps critic, alluding to the intervention of the VAR, described the ensuing victory as "Technology 1 Good Football 0".
Nonetheless, France negotiated a potential slip up and emerged with three points. It is often claimed the mark of a good team is the ability to scratch out a victory even when playing badly. Certainly Pogba did not seem unduly alarmed about the negativity the performance seemed to have engendered among the French travelling press.
"Critics are always here. That's football," he said. "When I was little, with my friends, we always used to take the piss out of each other, saying 'you were good, you were bad.' It's [about what happens] on the pitch and I treat the criticism like I did when I was playing on the block as a kid. I never listen to it. I'm having fun and that's the only answer I can give to all those people who criticise me or who think that I'm this or that. It's not a big deal. Everybody has opinions."
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Carrier-facilitated bulk liquid membrane transport of iron(iii) hydroxamate complexes utilizing a labile recognition agent and amine recognition in the second coordination sphere
Carrier-facilitated bulk liquid membrane transport from an aqueous source phase through a chloroform membrane phase to an aqueous receiving phase was studied for various Fe(iii) hydroxamate complexes (siderophore mimics) using second coordination sphere recognition. Iron transport systems were designed using a strategy whereby a tetradentate siderophore mimic sequesters iron(iii), leaving two labile aquated coordination sites for ternary complex formation. This aquated complex reacts with a bi-functional host/guest molecule capable of acting as a host for the iron complex via ternary complex formation, while simultaneously serving as a guest for a membrane-bound host (carrier). The bi-functional molecules utilized contain a hydroxamate host for Fe(iii) binding and a protonated primary amine that can be "recognized" by a liquid membrane-bound hydrophobic ionophore, which carries the hydrophilic Fe(iii)-complex across the hydrophobic membrane to an aqueous receiving phase. Four protonated amine hydroxamic acids were investigated as bi-functional host/guest molecules: β-alanine hydroxamic acid (H2Lala)+, l-glutamic acid γ-monohydroxamic acid (H3Lglu)+, glycine hydroxamic acid (H2Lgly)+, and l-lysine hydroxamic acid (H3Llys)2+. These four bidentate ligands were each coordinated to Fe(iii) along with the tetradentate N, N′-dihydroxy-N, N′-dimethyldecanediamide (H2L8) to form ternary complexes [Fe(L8)(HxLy)z; x = 1 or 2; y = ala, glu, gly, or lys; z = 0, +1, or +2] that were transported through a chloroform bulk liquid membrane by the lipophilic host carrier cis-dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DC18C6). No carrier-dependent flux was observed for Fe(L8)(HLglu), probably due to intramolecular H-bonding. Flux values for the transport of Fe(L8)(HxLy)z (x = 1 or 2; y = ala, gly, or lys; z = +1 or +2) facilitated by the membrane carrier (DC18C6) were highest when y = gly and lowest when y = ala. Equilibrium constants pertaining to two-phase distribution or ion pairing, second coordination sphere host–guest formation, and overall extraction were determined and used to rationalize variations in flux values. © 2003 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Crumbliss, Alvin L.
Wirgau, JI; Crumbliss, AL
Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
10.1039/b306810b


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Whitney Houston to be eulogized in Newark, the city where her voice was first discovered
Star-Ledger Staff
NEWARK — Whitney Houston will be eulogized in the city that first heard her monumental voice with a funeral tentatively scheduled for Friday at the Prudential Center, according to a local community leader with ties to the family.
UPDATE: Funeral service to be held Saturday, and will be private
The body of the superstar singer was brought to Whigham Funeral Home in a 12-car procession under police escort from Teterboro Airport, where the airplane carrying it had landed about 10:30 p.m.
It was just before midnight when her body arrived back in Newark, where she was born.
Fans came to Teterboro for the plane's arrival, hoping to catch a glimpse of history.
At Teterboro, Dorothy Blain, 51, of Lodi, was among more than a dozen fans who stood atop a 15-foot berm across Industrial Avenue from the airport, as the charter jet carrying Houston's body arrived at about 10:35 p.m.
"My husband didn't have an option," Blain said, standing next to other fans.
In Newark, about 40 to 50 fans were at the funeral home that is handling the arrangements when the procession arrived. It was as orderly gathering, made up mostly of people about the same age as the 48-year-old superstar singer. As they waited in the cold February air, some sang as others applauded them.
Tony Kurdzuk/The Star-LedgerA giant photo of pop star Whitney Houston, with the dates 1963-2012, shines on the electronic message board on the side of the Prudential Center in Newark, where her funeral will be held this Friday.
Members of Houston's family, including her mother, Cissy Houston, and cousin, singer Dionne Warwick, have not released details about the funeral or burial.
Warwick's publicist said in a statement yesterday that the public's "outpouring of love" is "sincerely appreciated" by the family.
Whigham handled the funeral for Houston's father in 2003, as well as Warwick's mother, Arthur Lee Warwick, and Ann Drinkard Moss, a legend in the gospel community and Cissy Houston's sister.
The Prudential Center, which seats more than 18,500 people, is Newark's largest indoor venue and can accommodate far greater crowds than New Hope Baptist Church.
That red brick house of worship served as Houston's childhood church and it is where Cissy Houston led the choir for many years. The source who spoke of the funeral plans declined to be identified because he was not authorized to speak for the family.
Prudential Center officials could not be reached for comment.
A Devils game is scheduled for 7 p.m. Friday, so the funeral would have to be held much earlier in the day to allow time to convert the arena floor for ice skating.
The funeral may be similar to Michael Jackson's public memorial service at the Staples Center in Los Angeles after his death in July 2009. Tens of thousands turned out to bid farewell to the pop icon in a star-packed event that included appearances by Stevie Wonder, Lionel Richie, Mariah Carey, Usher, Kobe Bryant and Magic Johnson.
One of Houston's personal staffers found the pop diva submerged in the bathtub of her Beverly Hills hotel room at 3:15 p.m. (PST) Saturday, a few hours before her mentor Clive Davis' annual pre-Grammy party. Houston's assistants pulled her out of the bathtub, and when emergency workers arrived, Houston was "unconscious and unresponsive," Davis said.
The Los Angeles County Coroner's Office has not released a cause of Houston's death, although several media outlets cite law enforcement sources who say she died from a mixture of alcohol and prescription drugs.
In 2002, Houston famously detailed her drug use in the immortal "crack is wack" interview with Diane Sawyer, who at one point asked her, "Is it alcohol? Is it marijuana? Is it cocaine? Is it pills?" Houston: "It has been. At times."
"All?"
"At times."
Houston had undergone several rehab stints, and her publicist confirmed during her 2011 comeback tour that the singer had enrolled in an outpatient program to aid her "longstanding" recovery process.
Lt. Mark Rosen of the Beverly Hill Police Department said yesterday the death investigation is sealed, but details about the case and the 911 call may eventually be released. He would not comment on reports police found prescription drugs, including the antianxiety medication Xanax, in Houston's hotel room.
One of Houston's personal staffers found the pop diva submerged in the bathtub of her Beverly Hills hotel room Saturday. Houston's assistants pulled her out of the bathtub, and when emergency workers arrived, Houston was "unconscious and unresponsive," Davis said.
Two days before, Houston attended a pre-Grammy party for singer Kelly Price at a club in Hollywood called Tru. A video posted on several places online shows Houston joining Price on stage for a brief, impromptu performance that would prove to be her last. One of the people crowded into the club was Elliot James, son of former Newark Mayor Sharpe James.
The younger James recently hosted a CD release party for Price at his own club in Newark, the Key Club, and had known Houston for years. He said he spoke to her briefly that night.
"She sounded fine, she looked fine, she was very upbeat and she had that energy about her," James said. "Her daughter (Bobbi Kristina) was there with her. It was a very upbeat event."
TRIBUTES CONTINUE
Tributes to Houston continue to pour in, from Gov. Chris Christie (who has not ordered flags to be flown at half-staff, as he did when E Street Band saxophonist Clarence Clemons died) and state Sen. Raymond J. Lesniak (D-Union). Lesniak heard Houston perform "The Star-Spangled Banner" at the Super Bowl in 1991, in the opening days of Operation Desert Storm.
"Security was tight and tension was in the air. Then Whitney Houston sang our national anthem and our fighter jets flew over the stadium, and everyone felt safe and secure," he said on the floor of the Senate yesterday. "May God grant her the peace and happiness she couldn't find here on earth."
At the Grammy Awards Sunday, Dolly Parton was brought to tears again when Jennifer Hudson sang "I Will Always Love You," which Parton penned and recorded but Houston made iconic.
"Like everybody else, I am still in shock," she said in a statement. "But I know that Whitney will live forever in all the great music that she left behind."
By Ted Sherman and Barry Carter
Staff writers Vicki Hyman, Steve Strunsky and Tomás Dinges contributed to this report.
Related coverage:
• Whitney Houston cause of death still a mystery; no signs of foul play or trauma, police say
• Whitney Houston funeral to be held at Newark's Prudential Center, source says
• Students at East Orange school named for Whitney Houston mourn singer's death
• 2012 Grammy Awards: Clarence Clemons tribute bumped by Whitney Houston tribute


Onemoon Small Moon Air Fryer is the name of the first deep fryer from Xiaomi. The equipment was immediately available for sale, the financing period on the crowdfunding platform was omitted.
The fryer is manufactured by Hangzhou Lexiu Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. The dimensions of Onemoon are 287 mm x 206 mm x 260 mm, and the weight is 2,4 kg. It allows you to prepare French fries without using oil, but we still keep the perfectly prepared product. On the front there is a rotating ring on which we set the working time of the device. The fryer will also work for other products, not just fries. In the new device you can prepare delicious chicken wings and shrimps. A special system provides heating products in 360 steps, and the maximum temperature inside is 200 degrees Celsius.
The price for OneMoon, the Xiaomi deep fryer on the Chinese market is 299 yuan, $ 43. Soon the device should appear in stores offering import to Europe, but at a higher price.


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Brandon Ray Kirk
~ This site is dedicated to the collection, preservation, and promotion of history and culture in my section of Appalachia.
Tag Archives: Bob Adkins
Jake Adkins Heirs Deed to Ann Davis (1908)
Posted by Brandon Ray Kirk in Ferrellsburg, Guyandotte River, Lincoln County Feud
Albert Adkins, Ann Davis, Appalachia, Ben Walker, Bob Adkins, Brooke Adkins, C.E. Burns, Catherine Adkins, Clementine Dingess, Douglas Branch, Ed Dingess, Ferrellsburg, Fisher B. Adkins, Floyd Enos Adkins, Guyandotte River, Harts Creek District, Henry Adkins, Jake Adkins, Lincoln County, Marshall County, notary public, Ruby Adkins, Susan Adkins, West Virginia, Yantus Walker
Deed Book __, page ___, Lincoln County Clerk's Office, Hamlin, WV. This property was located on or near Douglas Branch in Ferrellsburg, Lincoln County, WV.
Deed Book __, page ___, Lincoln County Clerk's Office, Hamlin, WV. I knew Bob Adkins, the infant referenced in this deed. He was a key source about the Lincoln County Feud.
Deed Book __, page ___, Lincoln County Clerk's Office, Hamlin, WV. Note who could and who could not sign their name.
Deed Book __, page ___, Lincoln County Clerk's Office, Hamlin, WV. Note: Albert Adkins was incarcerated at the West Virginia State Penitentiary at the time of this deed, which is the reason for a Marshall County notary.
R.H. "Bob" Adkins (c.1904)
Posted by Brandon Ray Kirk in Ferrellsburg, Hamlin, Lincoln County Feud
Albert Adkins, Appalachia, Bob Adkins, Brooke Adkins, Ferrellsburg, genealogy, Hamlin, history, Lincoln County, oil, photos, West Virginia, West Virginia Oil and Gas Man of the Year
Robert Henderson "Bob" Adkins (1903-1999), son of Albert G. and Mary "Brooke" (Dingess) Adkins. Bob, born in my hometown of Ferrellsburg, Lincoln County, WV, spent most of his life in Hamlin where he operated a lucrative gas business. In 1984, he was chosen West Virginia Oil and Gas Man of the Year. I first met Bob in March of 1995. I really miss him.
Harts News 10.22.1926
20 Tuesday Jun 2017
Posted by Brandon Ray Kirk in Big Harts Creek, Cemeteries, Chapmanville, Gill, Hamlin, Harts, Huntington, Logan, Ranger, West Hamlin, Whirlwind
Appalachia, Bertha Haines, Bob Adkins, Bob Dingess, Brooke Adkins, Caroline Brumfield, Chapmanville, Christopher Columbus Pack, Columbus, Cora Adkins, county clerk, deputy sheriff, Dr. J.T. Ferrell, Earl Wysong, Elizabeth Tomblin, Ellis Hans Isaac, Fisher B. Adkins, genealogy, Gill, Grover Gartin, Hamlin, Harts, Harts Creek, Herb Adkins, history, Huntington, Ira Tomblin, Jack Browning Cemetery, Jack Marcum, Jessie Brumfield, Lincoln County, Logan, Logan Banner, Logan County, Maezelle Brumfield, Mary Marcum, Nola Adkins, Nora Brumfield, Ohio, Pauline Scites, pneumonia, Ranger, Republican Party, Toney Johnson, typhoid fever, Verna Johnson, Vina Porter, Virginia Scites, Ward Brumfield, Wesley Tomblin, West Hamlin, West Virginia, Whirlwind
An unknown correspondent from Harts in Lincoln County, West Virginia, offered the following items, which the Logan Banner printed on October 22, 1926:
Grover Gartin of Ranger was calling on Miss Nola Adkins Sunday.
Herbert Adkins was transacting business in Huntington Monday.
Ward Brumfield was looking after business matters in Hamlin Tuesday.
Earl Wysong and Miss Bertha Haines of Logan were visiting friends and relatives at Harts Saturday and were entertained by Miss Jessie Brumfield.
Miss Cora Adkins spent Sunday at Gill.
Mr. and Mrs. Toney Johnson of Columbus, Ohio, spent Sunday with her mother, Mrs. Chas. Brumfield of Harts.
Mrs. Ellis Hans Isaac of West Hamlin was calling on friends here Sunday.
Miss Pauline Scites and little sister Virginia of Huntington were the guests of Miss Jessie Brumfield Sunday at Harts.
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Dingess of Whirlwind passed through Harts Saturday evening enroute to Logan.
Jack and Mary Marcum of Ranger were in Harts Sunday.
Mrs. C.C. Pack and Miss Jessie Brumfield and little sister, May Zell, attended the funeral of Mrs. Wesley Tomblin, which took place at the Browning cemetery on Harts Creek Tuesday.
Ira Tomblin is very ill at present with typhoid fever.
We are very sorry to announce the death of Mrs. Wes Tomblin, who died at her home on Harts Creek Monday morning of pneumonia fever.
Mrs. Jas. Porter is very ill at this writing.
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Adkins and Mrs. Brooke Adkins of Hamlin were calling on friends in Harts Sunday afternoon.
Ward Brumfield, deputy sheriff of Lincoln county, is loading ties today (Wednesday).
Fisher B. Adkins, Republican nominee for county clerk, is making a progressive campaign. Go to it, Fisher. We are going to elect the whole ticket this time.
Dr. Ferrell of Chapmanville was calling on patients in Harts and on Harts Creek Saturday.
School is progressing nicely here with Mrs. Nora Brumfield for teacher.
Good luck to The Banner!
Hometown Hamlin (2016)
Posted by Brandon Ray Kirk in Hamlin, Lincoln County Feud
Appalachia, Blood in West Virginia, Bob Adkins, books, Brandon Kirk, Hamlin, history, Hometown Hamlin, Lincoln County, Lincoln County Feud, West Virginia
Many thanks to Hometown Hamlin for hosting us on 22 October 2016. We sold out of books! When in Hamlin, I typically visit the graves of Bob Adkins and his family. Bob was instrumental in helping me know about the Lincoln County Feud. Photo by Mom.
In Search of Ed Haley 311
Posted by Brandon Ray Kirk in Ed Haley, Harts, Lincoln County Feud
Al Brumfield, Ann Brumfield, Appalachia, Ben Adams, Bob Adkins, Brandon Kirk, Burl Adams, Cain Adkins, crime, Daisy Ross, Ed Haley, Green McCoy, Guyandotte River, Harts, Harts Creek, Henderson Dingess, history, Howard Dalton, Imogene Haley, Joe Adams, John Frock Adams, John Hartford, John W Runyon, Lawrence Haley, Lawrence Kirk, Lincoln County, Logan County, Major Adkins, Milt Haley, Paris Brumfield, Peter McCoy, Sallie Dingess, Trace Fork, West Virginia, writing
Two months later, Brandon was still digging, but in a different way. He was knee-deep in land records at the Lincoln and Logan County court houses. He was curious — based on the economic aspect of the 1889 feud — to know about property ownership for feudists, particularly those with land around the mouth of Harts Creek.
He started with the Brumfields.
In 1889, Paris Brumfield owned 771 acres of land worth $1020, while his wife owned 367 acres worth $483. Al Brumfield had 295 acres (195 acres on Brown's Branch and 100 acres on the Guyan River) worth $642. By combining Al's totals to that of his parents, the Brumfields owned a total of 1433 acres of land worth $2143. A little further up Harts Creek, Henderson and Sarah Dingess owned 546 acres (five tracts) worth $1234.50 with a building valued at 100 dollars.
How did these totals compare to the land holdings of their enemies?
Well, Cain Adkins owned 205 acres worth $420 (with no buildings listed for 1889), while John Runyon owned 100 acres worth $187.50. Ben Adams owned at least 340 acres in Lincoln and Logan Counties (2 tracts) worth $380. By combining Ben's property with that of Adkins and Runyon they owned 645 acres worth $987.50 — not even half of the Brumfield family holdings.
Based on these records, we realized that it might have been the financial superiority of the Brumfields and Dingesses which caused Adams, Runyon, and/or Adkins to act out against them (through Milt and Green).
But there was also a reason for the Brumfields to feel a little threatened themselves: John Runyon, whose 100 acres of property was situated geographically closest to them near the mouth of Harts Creek, had accumulated his estate in only three years of residence in Harts. His first tract, totaling 75 acres, was worth $1.50 and was deeded by A.S. "Major" Adkins in 1887. The other tract, totaling 25 acres and worth three dollars per acre, was deeded in 1888. Neither tract contained a building, according to land records.
Al's 100 acres near the mouth of Harts Creek, in contrast, reflected eight years of effort.
Brumfield was likely concerned that Runyon had acquired so much land at the mouth of Harts in such a short time, especially since it was property that he wanted for himself.
It was immediately clear in looking at the feud in mild economic terms that Milt Haley and Green McCoy were pawns in a larger game between local elites. While Paris Brumfield, Al Brumfield, Cain Adkins, John Runyon, and Ben Adams were leading citizens, property owners and businessmen, Milt and Green were timber laborers and musicians who owned no property whatsoever. Based on what we'd heard from Daisy Ross, it was easy to see why Green might have took a shot at Paris, but why did he attack Al? And what was Milt's motivation for even getting involved in the whole mess? Was he pulled into the fray because of his friendship to Green, as Daisy Ross had said? Or did he have connections to Ben Adams (a possible economic dependence on the timber-boss, his residence nearby Adams on Trace, or the fact his wife was related to Ben)?
And what did either man hope to gain from the assassination of Al Brumfield? I mean, that's a hell of a lot to risk for a side of bacon and a few dollars. I had this nagging suspicion that they were maybe innocent of the crime, but Brandon was pretty well convinced of their guilt (as had been Lawrence Haley). He did, however, leave an opening by pointing out how Bob Adkins, Howard Dalton, Joe Adams and Lawrence Kirk had all heard that they were innocent. Bob and Joe had actually mentioned other suspects: Burl Adams, a nephew to Ben Adams, and John "Frock" Adams, a half-brother to Ed's mother (who later shot his wife's head off with a shotgun in his front yard). There was also the testimony of Preacher McCoy, who said Milt and Green were "as innocent as Jesus Christ on the cross."
Harts c.2000
Posted by Brandon Ray Kirk in Big Harts Creek, Ed Haley, Harts, Spottswood, Whirlwind
Adams Branch, basketball, Beecher Avenue, Ben Walker, Billy Adkins, Bob Adkins, Bob Mullins Cemetery, Brumfield Avenue, Buck Fork, Bulwark Branch, Charles Brumfield, Crawley Creek Mountain, CSX Railroad, Ed Haley, Eden Park, genealogy, Guyandotte Valley, Hannah Baptist Church, Harts, Harts Creek, Harts High School, Heartland, Henderson Branch, history, Hoover Church of the General Assembly, Hoover Fork, Huntington, Ivy Branch, John Hartford, Kiahs Creek, Lambert Branch, Lincoln County, Logan County, McCloud Branch, Mingo County, Mount Era Baptist Church, Mountaineer Missionary Baptist Church, Pilgrims Rest Church, politics, Railroad Avenue, Republican, Rockhouse Fork, Route 10, Sand Creek, Smokehouse Fork, Trace Fork, Trace Old Reguarl Baptist Church, Twelve Pole Creek, Upper Trace Fork School, Ward Avenue, Wayne County, West Fork, Whirlwind, Workman Branch, writing
The community of Harts sits indiscreetly in the narrow section of the Guyandotte Valley on land that makes up the northernmost region of the Logan County coalfield and what was once "feud country." Located some ten miles from a four-lane federal corridor linking the state capital to eastern Kentucky and fifty miles up a two-lane rural highway from Huntington, the second largest city in West Virginia, it is a settlement just on the cusp of modernization. It is a treasure trove of hidden history, quickly disappearing even in the minds of its locals, who have little if any recollection of its booming timber era or the exciting times of the railroad hey-day. It's really the kind of place you might drive through without noticing much — or never have a reason to drive through at all.
Basically, Harts is an old timber town divided in the center by a lazy muddy river and intersected by a two-lane highway, Route 10. On the west side of the river — site of the old Brumfield business headquarters — is an empty store, a tavern-turned-church-turned-beauty shop, a garage, and a brick tabernacle. On the east side is an old brick general store, a nice video rental establishment, a state highways headquarters, an old wooden general store, a small brick post office, a fire department, a grocery store, a hardware store, a general merchandise store, a Victorian general store-turned-restaurant, and a new brick Head Start center. Running between those buildings on the east side is a track owned by CSX (formerly C&O) Railroad. Just behind the businesses are a few dozen houses of all vintages: brick, wooden, single-story, two-story… There are no street signs or traffic lights or even stop signs.
Route 10 connects Harts with the city of Huntington to the north and with the Logan coalfields to the south. From town, Big Harts Creek Road heads west up the creek to West Fork or Smokehouse Fork, while a little unnamed road diverges north past the tracks toward extinct post offices named Eden Park and Sand Creek. The four streets in town are paved but very few locals even know their proper names, which are Railroad, Beecher, Ward, and Brumfield Avenues. Just down the river is a brick house-turned-bank, a rural health clinic, a brick construction company headquarters, a new coalmine development area called Heartland, and a mechanic shop/gas station (owned incidentally by one Charles Brumfield).
Culturally, Harts might be thought of as an inconspicuous Harlequin romance and Wild West show gone wild, at least in its not-so-distant past. Many of the rabble rousers and roustabouts are long since dead. Actually, somewhat to my disappointment, a lot of the old families are gone completely from the area and no one really feuds any more. Many residents seem to work as schoolteachers or run small stores or work in the coalmines or draw government relief. People are nice and treat each other well. Most are related or at least seem to be. They watch TV or go to church or tend their yards or hunt or fish or ride four-wheelers or hop on the four-lane at Chapmanville and drive to Wal-Mart some 45 miles away. Old-timers are quick to say that Harts has a bad reputation for no reason — the only two murders within town limits occurred almost a century ago. There are no parks, museums or movie theatres — and only a few registered Republicans. It's the kind of place where you can leave your doors unlocked at night or if you're gone all day…and feel safe about it.
I have to admit, after several visits to Harts, I loved it. On one visit, I learned from Billy Adkins that the old Ben Walker farm was for sale…and seriously considered buying it. (I passed on the idea when I realized that my wife would never forgive me for it.) Harts, then, would remain a place to "see." I began telling folks out on the road that it was "my Ireland." It represented a desire on my part to get back to the kind of places where (at least in my romantic imagination) a lot of fiddle playing originated. A lot of my friends were from these kind of places. For them, when they wanted to tap into that ancestral ancient tone, they thought of Ireland, whether they were Irish or not. For me, coming from St. Louis, Harts was the closest I could ever hope to get to that. Such places are at the heart of the music I love.
Venturing up Harts Creek, the first thing you really notice is Harts High School, a forty-some-year-old two-and-a-half-story yellow brick structure near the mouth of West Fork with a gymnasium, annex building, and a baseball field, all situated on what was a prison camp during the early fifties and, a little further back in time, the upper reaches of the Al Brumfield property (and, a little further still, an Indian camp). In many ways, this school is the lifeblood of the community — at least in the lower section of the creek. In the mid-sixties, just as Harts began to turn away from its violent past, the high school basketball team won a state championship and began building a program known regionally for its successes. Today, basketball is what this community is best known for — not the murders or moonshining traditions of years past — with crooked politics maybe finishing a close second.
A little further up the creek, just below the Logan County line, a few miles past an old country store, a little restaurant, another baseball field, and a place of worship named the Cole Branch Church of Jesus Christ of the First Born. From there, the road forks left onto the Smoke House Fork of Big Harts Creek, location of the Hugh Dingess Elementary School and Dingess, Butcher, Farley and Conley country; or the road forks right into the head of Harts Creek to "Ed Haley country." Of course, no one calls it that. People think of it as "Adams country" or "Mullins country" and really, that's about all there ever was in that section. Ed himself is often identified with the Mullins family — his mother's people. The adults in this part of Harts Creek vote in Logan County — not Lincoln — and send their kids on buses over Crawley Creek Mountain to Chapmanville High School. This section of the creek — where gunshots once rang out regularly and where moonshine was so readily found — is now remarkably quiet and low-key outside of the occasional marijuana bust. Unfortunately, it seems to have lost its musical tradition as well.
Trace Fork, the site of Ed Haley's birth, is attributed by Ivy Branch in its head, Adams Branch, and Boardtree Branch toward its middle and Jonas and Dry House Branch toward its mouth. There are several small family cemeteries on Trace, with the maroon-bricked Mountaineer Missionary Baptist Church at its mouth. In previous days, the Upper Trace Fork School (now Trace Old Regular Baptist Church) sat in its headwaters, where the Logan-Lincoln-Mingo county line meets. As a matter of fact, Ivy Branch heads near Kiah's Creek at the Wayne-Mingo County line, while Boardtree Branch heads at McCloud Branch of Twelve Pole Creek in Mingo County. Adams Branch heads at Rockhouse Fork in Lincoln County.
A little further up the main creek is Buck Fork, an extensive tributary comparable to West Fork or Smokehouse in size. It is the ancestral home of the Mullins, Bryant, and Hensley families whose names still dominate the mailbox landscape. In previous decades, it was the location of the Hensley School and Mt. Era Church. Just below Buck Fork on main Harts Creek is a large Adams family cemetery, while just above it is the equally large Bob Mullins family cemetery.
Continuing up Harts Creek is Hoover Fork, home of the Mullins, Adams, and Carter families as well as the Hoover Church of the General Assembly. Henderson Branch, home seat for Tomblins and Mullinses is the next tributary, followed by Lambert Branch (at Whirlwind) and Workman Branch. Bulwark Branch follows (populated by Carters and Workmans), trailed by Brier Branch (Smiths) and Tomblin Branch. In the headwaters of Harts Creek are Tomblins, Daltons, and Blairs, as well as the Pilgrims Rest Church and Hannah Baptist Church.
In all sections of Harts, gossip reigns supreme as a source of local entertainment. (This in spite of Bob Adkins' warning that people should "tend to their own business.") Maybe that's why we hear so much about a 100-year-old murder when we ask about it and a bunch of other things we don't ask about. Genealogy is super important. When you sit down to talk with someone, the first thing they want to know is how you fit into the community pedigree. It's a way of squaring you up.
Posted by Brandon Ray Kirk in Culture of Honor, Ed Haley
Bill Brumfield, Bob Adkins, Brandon Kirk, Charley Brumfield, crime, Eustace Ferguson, Harts, history, Hollene Brumfield, John Hartford, Lincoln County, Paris Brumfield, Wesley Ferguson, West Virginia, writing
In thinking about the old Brumfields, Bob mentioned the name of Paris Brumfield, the patriarch of the clan. Brandon quickly pulled out Paris' picture and reached it to Bob saying, "He was my great-great-great-grandfather." Paris, we knew, was murdered by his son Charley in 1891.
"Son, he was a mean old man, I'll tell you that," Bob said, turning the picture upside down in his hands and slowly studying it under a magnifying glass. "He'd kill anybody. He beat up on Charley's mother and she went down to Charley's for protection. He went down to get his wife. He got up to the top of that fence and Charles told him, 'You beat up on Mother the last time. You're not coming in here.' Paris said, 'Ah, you wouldn't shoot your own father.' Drunk, you know. And Charley said, 'You step your foot over that fence, I will.' Directly he started in and that there ended it, son. Charley killed him right there."
I said, "Now there was another Brumfield father-son murder later on. Who was that?"
"Ah, that was Charley's brother," Bob said. "Bill Brumfield, up on Big Hart. He's a mean old devil. He ought to been killed. He had a way… He never shot anybody. He'd beat them to death with a club. He'd hold a gun on them and make them walk up to him and then take a club and beat their brains out. He come down there to Hart to get drunk once in a while and he'd run everything away from there. And Hollene set on that front porch of that little old store she had out there with that pistol in her apron and she cussed him. He knew she had that gun — he wouldn't open his mouth to her. It was his sister-in-law, you know. He just set there and chewed his tobacco and spit out in the street. She'd tell him how mean he was, you know. But his own son killed him. He was beating up on his mother and you can't do that if you got a son around somewhere. I don't give a damn who you are, they're gonna kill ya. He didn't miss a thing there, that boy didn't. I don't think they did anything with him about it."
This Bill Brumfield, I remembered, was Brandon's great-great grandfather. As Bob spoke of his departed ancestor, I noticed how Brandon just sat there without taking any offense, as some might want to do. Gathering the information seemed more important than family pride — at least for the moment. Brandon asked Bob if he remembered anything about Charley and Ward Brumfield's murder in 1926.
"What they got into was very foolish," Bob said. "Charley would come up there — and Ward was his nephew — and they'd ride up into the head of Harts Creek and get them some whisky and they'd drink. They went up around them Adamses — they was kin to the Dingesses and Brumfields — and bought them a bottle of whisky from this guy and they got his wife to cook them a chicken dinner. She cooked them up a nice chicken dinner and, of course, they drank that liquor and was pretty dern high, I expect. They was sitting there eating and they was a damn fella… Who was that killed them? They's so dern many of them a shooting and a banging around among each other that I couldn't keep track of them. He was just kind of a straggler."
Bob thought for a moment then said, "Eustace Ferguson. Now, Eustace Ferguson was a brother to Hollene's second husband, Wesley. They had asked him to go with them and he caught an old mule or something and followed them. He was mad at them 'cause he didn't like the Dingesses and Brumfields anyway. He followed them up there and they was eating dinner. He come in there and told them if they had anything to say they better say it 'cause he was gonna kill them. And Charley raised out of there and he said, 'Well, by god, I'd just as soon die here as anywhere,' and he started shooting and they just shot the devil out of each other. And he killed Charley and Ward and Charley shot him but he got somebody to get him to the doctor before the Brumfields got up there 'cause he knew them Brumfields would kill him if they got up there in time. He begged them not to report it till he had time to get to Chapmanville to get into the hand of the law. And those people wasn't too friendly to the Brumfields and they kept it hid for about an hour or two before they reported that."
I asked Bob if there were any dances around Harts in his younger days and he said, "Not in my time. They had a few dances 'round here and yonder but I was too young to go."
Were there any dances at Al and Hollena Brumfield's store?
"I don't think so. They wasn't the dancing type. I never was around her too much. Sometimes I'd be there and play with her grandchildren, Tom and Ed Brumfield. They were about my age."
Posted by Brandon Ray Kirk in Ed Haley
Al Brumfield, Bob Adkins, Charlie Conley, crime, Green McCoy, Henderson Dingess, history, Hollene Brumfield, Hugh Dingess, John Brumfield, Lincoln County, Milt Haley, writing
A few days later, I picked Brandon up at his apartment in Huntington and we drove to see Bob Adkins in Hamlin. We parked on the street in front of Bob's house (just past the red light) and walked up onto the front porch where his wife, Rena, a very friendly and cordial lady, met us at the door. She welcomed us inside to the living room. We listened to Bob speak of Milt Haley's death. It was clear that his memory had faded somewhat since my last trip to see him in 1993.
"Well, what the trouble was there, that fella Runyon, he had a saloon and a little old grab-a-nickel store right across the creek there at the mouth of Harts," Bob said. "And Aunt Hollene and Al Brumfield, they had a big store over there on the lower side of the creek. They was competitors in a way, you know. And that fella Runyon, he wanted to get rid of them, see. He hired these two thugs to kill them. These fellas Milt Haley and Green McCoy were two characters. And a fella by the name of Runyon gave them a side of bacon and a can of lard to kill them…each."
Bob laughed, fully aware of how it would all turn out and seemingly amused.
"They got in a big sinkhole up above the road with a high-powered gun — a .30.30 Winchester."
According to Bob, Haley and McCoy waited in that sinkhole for Al and Hollena Brumfield to pass by.
"Ever Sunday, Aunt Hollene — she was my mother's aunt — she'd go up to the forks of Big Hart about ten miles up there to visit her father, old Henderson Dingess. Al had a fine riding horse and he'd get on the horse and she'd ride behind him. They'd go up there on a Sunday and have dinner with her father. And they'd been up there — it was a pretty summer day — and they came along about three or four o'clock in the evening. They shot at Al's head and that high-spirited horse jumped and that bullet missed his head and hit Hollene in the side of the jaw — knocked her teeth out. That knocked her off'n the horse. Of course, that horse sprang and run. But they had come down off'n the hill and they aimed to shoot Aunt Hollene again. And she a laying there in the road — her eyes full of blood. She couldn't see hardly who it was. She begged them not to shoot her anymore — she told them she was dying anyway."
So where was Al Brumfield at that time?
"Al got offa the horse down below there and come back under the creek bank and got to shooting at them see and they took off," Bob said. "Hollene got over that. She was my mother's aunt. I was around her home a lot. She lived in that big white house in Hart. Burned down now."
How did they figure out who ambushed the Brumfields?
"Well, they didn't know who it was," Bob said. "But they noticed they weren't around home, the Brumfields and Dingesses did. They was watching all around to see who it was. And these two guys just left their families and went into Kentucky. Just deserted their families. Then they knew who it was. After they got a hold of them, the Dingesses and the Brumfields, they told them the whole story. That was at my grandfather's home. They took one guy out there in the yard and gagged him so he couldn't make a noise and stuck a gun in his back and told him if he made any noise they'd shoot him. So he listened to that other fella inside the house. That other fella broke down and cried and he told them the truth about it. And they killed both of them over at Green Shoal. Took them out in the yard and shot them all to pieces. Walked off and left them. I was born and raised about three quarters of a mile below there."
I asked Bob why the Brumfields did not avenge John Brumfield's murder with the same ferocity. John, I knew from Brandon, was killed by Charlie Conley at a Chapmanville Fourth of July celebration in 1900.
"I don't know," he said. "But I'll tell you, John Brumfield, he was mean as a snake anyway. He treated them fellers pretty rough. And they killed him up there in the head of Hart in an association ground. They just walked up to him in that association ground — a whole bunch of people there — and shot his brains out."
An association ground?
"They had them once a year near an old schoolhouse," Bob said. "People'd all gather in and they had a place where they traded horses. Half a mile away, an old country preacher would preach to them. It was kind of a rough place up in there at that time."
Bob Adkins, Boney Lucas, Brandon Kirk, Charley Brumfield, crime, feud, genealogy, history, Lawrence Kirk, Paris Brumfield, Ray Kirk, West Virginia, writing
After about thirty minutes of talking with Brandon, I was convinced that he loved the families of Harts and was wrapped up in its history. He was not only serious business but he really — I mean really — knew his stuff.
Brandon flipped a few pages in his photo album, then pointed to a picture of a black-bearded, broad-shouldered giant of a man and said, "That's Paris Brumfield." I'd heard a lot about him from Bob Adkins and Lawrence Kirk — and never forgot what they said about him being killed by his own son. He was Brandon's great-great-great-grandfather.
According to the Lambert Collection, Paris Brumfield was one of the most feared loggers in the Guyandotte Valley – a man who "gloried in shooting people." He frequently stirred up trouble in the town of Guyandotte with his friends, Jerome Shelton of West Hamlin and Pete Dingess of Harts Creek. Shelton often got drunk and wandered through the streets of Guyandotte screaming "I am God!" and other obscenities. He climbed on ladders and pretended to make speeches to taunt officers and citizens. Wild cheering from loggers always followed his cry of "Millions bow down to me!" Wilburn Bias was the only marshal in Guyandotte who Paris and his gang feared, although others like a Mr. Fuller sometimes tried to arrest him. One marshal, J. "Doc" Suiter, once came to Brumfield's hotel room to make an arrest, but a brawl ensued in which both men crashed through a window. At some point, while rafting on the Guyan River, Paris slammed his raft into Doc's after seeing that it was fouled on some shoals.
Brumfield was a real rabble-rouser. Not only did he drink heavily and abuse his wife: in the late 1870s he took a mistress for himself. This woman, one Keziah Ramey, originally from the Kiah's Creek area of Wayne County, moved near Paris at Harts and quickly produced him four children. Paris was a reported murderer as well, according to local history. There are rumors about him killing pack-peddlers and someone named Charlie Hibbits (whose body was put on the "Ha'nt Rock"). Reportedly, he also murdered a man who disturbed a fiddler playing his favorite song, "Golden Slippers". These stories are likely untrue, as the only murder positively linked to him was his shooting of a local man named Boney Lucas.
Bob Adkins had told me about it. "They had a fight right there at the mouth of West Fork and Boney got loose and he run through the creek there," Bob had said a few years earlier. "And Paris' daughter Rat, she run and got the gun and brought it to Paris and, by george, he shot Lucas with a Winchester right across the creek. Lucas tried to get away." Brandon's grandfather Ray Kirk said the trouble was "over logs," while Lawrence Kirk said it was brought on by arguments between their children at school. Either way, their fatal confrontation occurred at the Narrows of Harts Creek, where Al Brumfield later built his infamous log boom. Paris had gone to a store on the creek with his daughter when he noticed Lucas working there in a timber crew. He and Lucas "had words," then Lucas attacked him, initially with the butt-end of his axe. In no time, one of Brumfield's arms was almost completely severed from his shoulder — courtesy of Lucas' axe. Paris hollered for his daughter to give him a pistol that he'd tucked into a grocery bag, then used it to shoot Boney in self-defense.
Life in the Brumfield home was difficult. At one point, during the fall of 1891, Ann Brumfield fled to her son Charley's home for protection. I knew from Bob Adkins what had happened next.
On November 11, 1891, the Ceredo Advance reported: "The noted desperado of Lincoln county — Paris Brumfield — was shot five times by his son Charles, on Tuesday of last week [Nov. 3]. Paris was drinking and attempted to take the life of his wife, when the son interfered with the above result. The wounded man lived only a few hours after having been shot. Paris killed several men during his life and it is said that no man could get the drop on him, but finally one of his own flesh and blood ended his career. The son has not been arrested, and probably will not be."
In 1892, The Logan County Banner reported: "We think the papers in the State have been a little harsh with Paris Brumfield. From what we have learned we do not blame his son for killing him in the defense of his mother, and we deeply sympathize with the young man in having to imbue his hands in the blood of his father. Paris Brumfield was an overbearing man and dangerous when in whisky, yet he was surrounded by a people not noted for angelic sweetness of temper, and he was driven to many an act of which he was ashamed. There was, however, a good side to the man. He was generous and brave, and no one was ever turned [away in] hunger from his door; and, remembering his kindness to the poor, we are willing to draw the curtain over his many grievous faults."
Brandon said many old-timers around Harts heard that Paris' ghost would jump up behind Charley every time he got on a horse to go anywhere.
In Search of Ed Haley 68
Al Brumfield, Bob Adkins, Brooke Dingess, Cat Fry, feud, Green McCoy, Harts Creek, history, Hugh Dingess, Jake Adkins, John Hartford, Lawrence Haley, Lincoln County, Milt Haley, West Virginia
The next day, Al and his posse headed for Hugh Dingess' "great old big house" on Harts Creek. Bob's mother Brooke Dingess was a witness to events that followed.
"They stayed all night there and they wanted to be awful sure that they were right, you know," Bob said. "See, they didn't want to kill somebody that was innocent. Well they took Haley outside and put handcuffs behind him and gagged him so he couldn't make a noise and stuck a gun in his back and told him if he made any noise they'd shoot him, see? And a funny thing happened out there, though. He broke loose from them and pretty near got away.
"And then they told McCoy that they had taken Milton down there to hang in the orchard, and if he had anything to say he had better be saying it, see? He broke down and cried and he told them the truth about it. And he told them that they pulled straws on which one would do the shooting and it fell on Green and he got sick — vomited — and he just couldn't do it. So Haley said, 'You ain't got no nerve. Give me the gun and I'll do it.' And he claimed Haley was the one that shot. He didn't do it."
As if to prove his story, Green then said something to the effect of, "You go down there and check at that sinkhole and you'll see a pile of shavings that I whittled with my long razor."
Bob said, "Well, Haley came out and cursed McCoy and told him he didn't have any nerve and said everything to him. Said that fellow just cried and said, 'Now, you know I'm telling every bit the truth.'"
Bob said the mob was convinced by McCoy's confession, but I felt it had a few holes in it. First of all, what if Green skewed the truth by blaming everything on Milt — who he thought was dead — in the hopes of saving his own life? Second of all, why would he and Milt have only had one gun between them for their ambush? Of course, maybe these details were worked out by subsequent confessions not remembered by any living person today. In any case, the mob was apparently satisfied.
Bob said, "They didn't do anything to them there. They weren't nobody's fool, now. They didn't want any murder going on around their home; then it would be too easy to pin it on them. They'd go to somebody else's home."
Bob said his aunt Catherine Fry — an eyewitness to subsequent events — told him the rest of the story about Milt's murder. He said she was nineteen years old at the time and lived at the mouth of Green Shoal on the Guyandotte River. She said a mob arrived at her home during the night and woke her from her sleep.
"Well, Cat said the first thing she knew she was sitting in the living room — the front room, you know," Bob said. "They had whiskey there. A lot of drinking going on and a whole bunch of them… Must have been ten to fifteen maybe. The Brumfields and Dingesses all mixed up, you know. Haley and McCoy were back in the bedroom under guard. They had them both in bed."
Milt continued to verbally abuse Green for admitting their guilt.
"Around ten o'clock, somebody shot the lamp out and Cat run and jumped behind a flour barrel over in the kitchen corner until the fracas was over."
Milt and Green were shot in bed then pulled out in the yard where the mob "took an axe and cut their heads open and shot them all up — shot them all to pieces."
I asked Bob what happened next and he said, "They got on their horses and left — walked off and left them. Al Brumfield was one of the head fellows who was there and he was a first cousin of Dad's. Evidently somebody else took his horse. He came down to Grandfather's house, which was his uncle by marriage and he told Grandpaw what they had done. Grandpaw told him to go on upstairs and go to bed. No, he did not want to do that because he was afraid those McCoy and Haley people might come in on him, friends or something, [and trap him in the house]. He slept up in the hollow under a beech tree up there. It was summertime, you know. I bet he didn't sleep good and if he did he shouldn't have. And the next morning he got out and he ate his breakfast with Grandpaw and then he went on to Harts — home, you know?"
In the next few days, someone hauled Milt and Green's bodies to the West Fork of Harts Creek and buried them in a single, unmarked grave.
Bob gave us directions to the grave, which he'd last seen as a boy.
"You go up main Harts Creek. It's not over a mile, I don't think. It's the first big creek that turns off to your left. You turn to the left there across the creek and go up that road about a mile or a mile and a quarter and they's a little hollow there and they's a house right in there. It's been a good while since I been up there. If you'll ask some of them people there, they'll tell you right where it is."
Lawrence and I planned to go to Harts in a few days and find it.
Bob said, "We lived there in a house right down below there for one year before we came down here. We sold our old farm up there and we had no where to go and we moved over there on an uncle of mine's farm. And I farmed one summer right down below there. I went up there and saw that. Had just a little stone. Two of them there. They was buried in the same grave. Them stones may be torn down and gone now. We left there in 1919 or '20."
Feud Poll 1
If you had lived in the Harts Creek community during the 1880s, to which faction of feudists might you have given your loyalty?
Adkins Mill
Atenville
Big Harts Creek
Big Sandy Valley
Big Ugly Creek
Cove Gap
Crawley Creek
Culture of Honor
Ed Haley
Enslow
Estep
Ferrellsburg
French-Eversole Feud
Giles County
Green Shoal
Guyandotte River
Hatfield-McCoy Feud
Hungarian-American History
Irish-Americans
Italian American History
Lincoln County Feud
Little Harts Creek
Meador
Pearl Adkins Diary
Peter Creek
Queens Ridge
Rowan County Feud
Spottswood
Stiltner
Stone Branch
Turner-Howard Feud
Twelve Pole Creek
Wewanta
Yantus
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Who do you think organized the ambush of Al and Hollene Brumfield in 1889?
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My find for this week is a gorgeous song called 'Bloom' (!) by The Paper Kites, an up-and-coming Indie band out of Melbourne.
If you enjoyed that one, then try 'Featherstone' - sweet film clip; watch it to the end!
And if you love them as much as I do, both songs are able to be downloaded free from this page @ Triple J Unearthed.
This music is soothing my mood today. Easy, sweet, comforting and a tad melancholy. The rain clouds are building again outside, casting a grey impending gloom. We have had SO MUCH rain. The crops are a disaster. Trying not to think about it.
My roses have been blown to the ground in the wind and rain, so I have been collecting them up, trimming the spent blooms and coercing the buds to open. These are the lovely David Austin, 'Strawberry Hill'.
I am pattern writing today and hope to be back later today with photos of my 'Strawberry Fields' quilt and a shop update.


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Home > Poverty, income inequality on the rise in Jamaica - report
Published:Sunday | October 9, 2011 | 12:00 AM
Poverty, unemployment and inequality in Jamaica rank among the worst in the Americas despite the progress made by the debt-exchange programme, according to an International Monetary Fund (IMF) report published this month.
Jamaica has the second-highest unemployment rate at roughly 11.8 per cent, and fourth-highest poverty rate at 43.1 per cent compared with 23 regional neighbours, according to the report, Regional Economic Outlook, Western Hemisphere: Shifting Winds, New Policy Challenges.
The official poverty rate in Jamaica is 16.5 per cent in 2010, according to Government data; however, queries to the Statistical Institute of Jamaica on the methodology went unanswered up to press time.
The IMF report defined poverty as the share of population earning less than US$2.50 per day which translates to 1.1 million Jamaicans living in poverty.
Equally concerning is Jamaica's unequal distribution of income, ranked as the second-worst among the 23 listed regional countries in the report. Jamaica scored 59.9 on the Gini coefficient; only Suriname scored higher at 61.6.
Haiti scores better than Jamaica
The IMF explained that the Gini coefficient ranges from zero where all households have the same income to 100 where one household has all the income. Comparatively, Haiti deemed the poorest nation in the Americas, scored better than Jamaica at 59.2.
The Jamaica Debt Exchange (JDX) in 2010 was described in the IMF report as a model of debt management.
"Jamaica reached agreement with domestic private creditors to reduce its debt service burden (interest and amortisation) by about 14 per cent of GDP one year after the debt exchange," it stated adding that since 2000, nine Latin American and Caribbean economies resorted to sovereign debt restructurings to deal with either an unsustainable fiscal position or acute liquidity pressures endangering solvency. However, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic and Uruguay all achieved debt-servicing reductions without sacrificing principal payments.
"Despite differences, in all three cases the restructurings were pre-emptive in nature and did not entail a principal haircut," the IMF said.
The report added that the recovery in much of the Caribbean remains weak, with downside risks to growth.
"Greater resolve is required in bringing down high public debt levels and decisively addressing persistent weaknesses in the financial sector," it stated, adding that the Caribbean region continues to struggle to recover from a long and protracted recession.
"Drags from fiscal consolidation and higher energy prices continue to constrain private demand, while the recovery in tourism flows remains tepid amid high unemployment in advanced economies," the report said.
business@gleanerjm.com [2]
Source URL:https://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20111009/business/business8.html
[1] http://member.jamaica-gleaner.com/subscription/ [2] mailto:business@gleanerjm.com


And those tiny needles just killed my hands. I persisted for a while after this photo but then i tried on the sock, and it happened to be too big anyway. So I ripped it out. I really love the way knit socks look but after the great tendonitis fiasco of 2006, I know it's just not worth it (I need my hands!!). I then tried a crocheted sock and several swatches for a crochet or knit hat, and I'm not really loving any of them. The yarn wants to be knitted, because of the way the colors are dyed (the sections are pretty short for crochet stitches), but it also wants to be not socks, because of my hands. I'll come up with something…. but for now I've frogged them.
I also wanted to share a little close up of the patchwork coiled bowl I sent to Valerie at Knitting in Pink as a reminder that the deadline to mail your Patchwork Swap package is TODAY, so please mail your packages. And if you don't have it in the mail yet, please be courteous and let your partner know that it's going to be a little late. And please post your sent and received photos in the flickr pool so we can all see the scrappy goodness.
Bummer about the start and restart with knitting a sock. But why fight it when it's just not happening?! I love the fabric basket you are showing us. I mailed my swap package today, so I hope my partner likes it.


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A Pizza Place Worker Drove 450 Miles To Deliver A Pie To A Stranger In Hospice Care
Dalton Shaffer traveled from Michigan to Indiana to deliver the favorite pizza of a man battling cancer.
Michelle Regalado
An 18-year-old pizza place employee drove 450 miles round-trip to make the day of an Indianapolis man in hospice care. Dalton Shaffer, who works at Battle Creek, Michigan's Steve Pizza, made the long journey to deliver two pies to Rich Morgan just days before the man died of cancer.
In a Facebook post shared last week, Rich's wife, Julie, recounted how she and her husband lived in Battle Creek over 20 years ago, where they discovered their all-time favorite pizza spot, Steve's. Though the couple had planned to make a trip back to the eatery, they had to cancel their plans after Rich's ongoing battle with cancer took a turn for the worse.
When Rich was placed on hospice care, Julie's father decided to call Steve's, despite that the restaurant didn't deliver and was located three-and-a-half hours away. Luckily, Shaffer answered the phone. When he heard the couple's story, he didn't hesitate before asking what their favorite pizza was and agreeing to deliver the pies after the store closed.
"So, while Rich and I slept, at 2:30 AM, Dalton rolled into our driveway, left the car running and delivered two extra special pizzas to my waiting family. He told them we were in his prayers, and offered to help in any way he could," Julie wrote in her Facebook post. She also revealed that Shaffer turned down the family's offer to put him up in a hotel and instead drove back that same night so that he could be back for work the next day.
The post has since gone viral, with over 4,000 shares and 1,000 likes. "I really didn't want the story to get this big," Shaffer told Good Morning America. "It's too late now, but a lot of people have told me how inspiring the story is and that makes it all worth it."
Julie also praised Shaffer's generosity, writing, "I am beyond overwhelmed and humbled by this act of genuine kindness. Dalton brought our family so much joy - and the best pizza in the world - at a really difficult time. "
The gesture also marked a special moment for the couple in the final days of Rich's life. Julie later has since revealed that Rich passed on away on Saturday. "There are no words to express how deeply we loved and admired him, and how much he loved us in return. Thank you so much for the outpouring of prayers and support," she wrote of his passing, per CNN.
As for Schaffer, he hopes the story will inspire people to help others in their time of need. "I have already gotten a ton of phone calls from people saying they were inspired in the future to help other people and to be able to do things like that. To me, that right there is what I want," he told CNN. "I just want people to think about the family and pray for them."
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This product is for very dry and rough hands. I tried the product on my own hands and found it to be very thick and was almost too moisturizing. It left my hands sticky because my hands aren't that dry to begin with. However, when my husband tried this on his hands, it worked great. He works with his hands all day and tends to have very scaly and rough skin. This lotion seeped right into all of the dry areas and left his hands feels soothed. He said he really likes it and is going to keep using it. My hands get more dry in winter so I think I will give it another try then.
Connect: You can find Eucerin on their website! You can also keep up with them on Facebook and Twitter.
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Doctoral/Postdoctoral researcher of family ties and internal mobilityCentre for Demographic Research of the UCLouvain, Belgium, deadline 15 September 2019
Center for Demographic Research (DEMO)
The Center for Demographic Research (DEMO) at the Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) belongs to the Institute for the Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies (IACCHOS). DEMO, funded in 1963, is a vibrant medium-size (~ 40 researchers) research group that gathers population researchers from all over the world. DEMO is conducting fundamental and applied research in demography around 7 themes: historical and contemporary demography of Belgium (1), data and method development (2), fertility, family transformations and gender relations (3), international migration and integration (4), population and health dynamics in low- and middle-income countries (5), the challenges of ageing (6), and population, environment and energy (7). The center is known for its organization of the yearly international Quetelet Seminar and the international Quetelet Journal.
Project Description ERC project FamilyTies
'Family ties that bind: A new view of internal migration, immobility and labour-market outcomes
Internal migration (long-distance moves within national borders) is generally assumed to be beneficial to individuals and households. The FamilyTies project introduces a novel perspective on internal migration and immobility, which focuses on the role of family outside the household in deciding on whether and where to relocate, and which takes into account contemporary family complexity. The aim is to identify the role of family ties in internal migration, immobility and labour-market outcomes. The project's objectives are:
Identifying the role of family ties as a key determinant of immobility.
Explaining migration towards family in relation to migration in other directions.
Determining to what extent family-related motives drive migration and immobility.
Unravelling the consequences of (im)mobility related to family ties on individual labour-market outcomes.
UCLouvain is a second beneficiary in this 5-year (2017-2022) ERC Advanced Grant project (PI Clara H. Mulder, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Netherlands). DEMO's access to extensive Belgian population data enables novel perspectives in the analysis of internal migration. National Register data (1981-2018) offers longitudinal information on residential changes on micro level. Census data (1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011) complements with rich information on the individual's household situation; contextual information can be added.
The doctoral/postdoctoral researcher will study internal migration in relation to family dynamics (transition to childbearing, divorce, partnership formation, leaving the parental home) and health indicators.
For PhD candidates
We are looking for candidates with:
a Master degree in population studies, demography, human geography, economics, sociology or another relevant social science;
Excellent quantitative research skills;
Good writing skills; fluency in English; preferably mastering some French or willing to learn French;
Strong conceptual thinking; strong planning skills, ability to organize own work and related activities, ability to meet deadlines.
Duration: 30 months (The supervisor will help the selected candidate to apply for follow-up funding)
Net monthly allowance starts at 1,940 €.
We ask you to submit:
a motivation letter,
a one-page research proposal in relation to the FamilyTies project including provisional research questions and analytical approach to address them using Belgian census and register data;
your complete CV, including the study results of your Master programme and the names and contact details of two reference persons
For Postdoc candidates
a PhD degree in in a quantitative social science discipline, such as demography, human geography, economics, sociology – finished or to be completed soon ;
Publications in international peer-reviewed academic journals in the field of quantitative research on themes related to the FamilyTies project;
Excellent skills in quantitative research using register data or large survey databases;
Proven ability to collaborate in a research team and to take the lead in organizing collaborative work;
Fluency in English; preferably mastering some French or willing to learn French;
Strong conceptual thinking; strong motivation, good communicative skills, proactive and independent work attitude.
Duration of contract for candidates residing in Belgium: 12 months if full-time employed; part-time contract possible;
Candidates who do not reside or have resided less than 12 months in Belgium benefit from a mobility stipend; duration of their contract: 24 months;
a motivation letter;
a research proposal (1-2 pages) in relation to the FamilyTies project including provisional research questions, analytical approach to address them using Belgian census and register data, and a description on how this proposal relates to previous work you have done;
your CV, including a list of academic output (along with publications) and the names and contact details of two referees
You may apply for this position until 15 September 2019 12:00pm. Send your application (all documents in one pdf file) to Christine.schnor@uclouvain.be, mentioning in the subject APPLICATION FAMILYTIES. Specify whether you are applying for a predoc or postdoc position.
You may also apply via the website academicpositions.com https://academicpositions.com/ad/universite-catholique-de-louvain/2019/doctoral-researcher-postdoctoral-researcher/131893
Interviews with the selection committee will take place end of September/beginning of October.
An overview of the project is provided at www.rug.nl/FamilyTies. The project proposal and further information about the project and the position can be obtained from Prof.dr Christine Schnor (Christine.schnor@uclouvain.be ).
Funded PhD position; in Development of Perovskite Quantum Dots for All-Optical Quantum Information Technology; at CEA DSM – Inac; in France
93 Scholarships for International Students at Yogyakarta State University in Indonesia, 2018
DAAD Research Fellowships; in Space, Aeronautics, Energy and Transportation Research; at German Aerospace Center; in Germany
Funded PhD position; in Cluster of Excellence Cells in Motion; at University of Münster; in Germany
PhD Studentship Artificial Intelligence for Future Society Smart Cities, University of Southampton, Deadline:	August 31, 2019
Seeking a Postdoctoral Researcher, Emergent Supramolecular Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science,
Funded PhD position in Management & Control Of Recirculation Of Materialsat School of Industrial Engineering and Management, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, in Sweden
Cancer Research Institute Fellowships for Postdoc programs; in cancer immunology; in USA or some other countries
Three PhD fellowships in exoplanet imaging and machine learning, Institute and the Montefiore Institute of the University of Liège, Deadline 15 July 2019
Research Fellow in Data Science/Statistics, School of Geography and Sustainable Development, Andrews University, UK,


For the whole month of July, Orange County Animal Services is offering a "freedom from loneliness" promotion, where dog and cat adoption fees are reduced to just $10. Fees include sterilization, vaccinations and microchip identification.
Posted Jul. 10, 2017 & filed under News.


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Home Military Beluga whale wearing possible Russian military harness discovered by fishermen
Beluga whale wearing possible Russian military harness discovered by fishermen
A beluga whale discovered wearing a harness reading 'equipment of St Petersburg' in Norway
A beluga whale discovered wearing a harness reading "equipment of St Petersburg" in Norway could have been working for Russia as part of a marine military programme.
The whale, which was said to be targeting boats near the small Norwegian fishing village of Inga on Friday, was spotted wearing a black harness on a closer inspection by the fisherman.
Tromsø läheltä norjalaiset kalastajat vapauttivat maitovalaan valjaista joissa teksti: "Equipment of St. Petersburg". Epäily että karannut Murmanskin laivastotukikohdasta #sotavalas #turpo pic.twitter.com/n9uSNupQYD
— Samuli Haapala (@SamuHaa) April 27, 2019
Tame and used to human beings
Fisherman suspected the creature was being used for training or had a camera or weapon on its body when they spotted its harness.
It had also been pulling the straps on the sides of the boats, according to The Guardian.
It was very tame and used to human beings.
"We were going to put out our nets when we saw a whale swimming between the boats," fisherman Joar Hesten, who spotted the whale, told Norwegian broadcaster NRK.
"It came over to us, and as it approached, we saw that it had some sort of harness on it."
Experts noticed the signage on the harness and suspected the whale had been trained by the Russian military.
"If this comes from Russia, and there is great reason to believe it, then it is not Russian scientists, but rather the navy that has done this," says Martin Biuw of the Institute of Marine Research.
He pointed at the finger at the Russian Navy base in Murmansk, a city in northwestern Russia that has a deep bay off the Barents sea.
Mammals and marines
It may be the case the whale is no longer under Russian influence.
At the beginning of April, Russian officials said they would work towards freeing all orca and beluga whales from a notorious facility in the east of the country, after a visit by US-based marine mammal advocates.
This is not the first time Russia has dabbled in training sea creatures for the military, according to The Guardian.
State TV Zvezda reported in 2017 that the country is using beluga whales, seals and bottlenose dolphins for military purposes in polar waters.
Both the US and Russia have marine mammal military programmes, with the US also taking a shine to exploring the defensive capability of California sea lions.
Both programmes studied the potential of dolphins to help the Navy during the 1980s.
Both creatures have been used to detect ammunition at mines at deep-sea level, according to the publication.
But beluga whales were believed to have been dismissed from Russian military service.
The whales were deemed too sensitive to the cold and did not have the same "high professionalism" of seals, which had a far better memory for commands.
Although dogs and horses are used as military animals in the UK, no other animals are known to be in the employ of the Ministry of Defence.
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Harry Haller April 29, 2019 at 7:01 pm
Nice to see the Beluga's siding with the Russians against the Norwegian whale killers. What next, a rebellion of Reindeer against the Laplanders?


If you thought the cable industry was confusing enough already, hold on to your remotes. Sometime early next year, an assortment of companies will start hawking data cable services and technology at your local consumer electronics store, a move sure to stir things up.
To help move the process along -- and, presumably, to influence its direction -- Motorola Inc., the current leader in cable modem sales through cable companies, has invited just about everyone in the industry to come chat it up at a first-of-its-kind conference in Chicago next week. Called ''Retail Forum '98: Cable Modems Go Retail,'' the industrywide gathering will include cable operators, cable modem makers, retailers, computer companies and anybody else who has a stake in high-speed data access. Featured speakers will include Richard Sharp, chief executive of Circuit City Stores Inc., and Richard J. Borinstein, the senior vice president of Radio Shack, a unit of the Tandy Corporation.
Cable modems are capable of transmitting data to home computers at 50 to 100 times the rate of today's conventional modem technology. Eventually, some analysts say, cable modems will be ubiquitous and as cheap as modems today, someday even becoming a standard item included in a home PC. But when the first cable modems hit store shelves next year, they will be pricey, at anywhere from $200 to $350.
Cable modem makers like Motorola face a particular challenge as they make the transition from selling only through cable companies to selling to retail shoppers. Today, customers lease a cable modem from their cable company, much as they would a cable transmitter, and then pay roughly $40 a month for data services.


Robert Nelson (Photo courtesy: Robert Nelson).
Robert Nelson is the president of Nelson Management Group, a developer, owner and operator of multifamily apartment buildings in New York City. Nelson also recently formed a private equity fund of $100 million, Global One ASB Fund, to invest in additional properties for the portfolio. Nelson chatted with Commercial Observer about the industry lessons he learned from his father and why he is very picky about his projects.
Commercial Observer: How did you get your start in real estate?
Nelson: My dad [Daniel Z. Nelson] is in the business—he's a developer and ran a construction company. My earliest recollection is sitting around the dinner table and my dad talking about his business.
The construction company, Cauldwell Wingate, was owned by Stanley Stahl. My dad also ran [the city's] Mitchell-Lama Housing Program and ran an air-rights program called the New York City Educational Construction Fund where they use city-owned land to get free schools by leasing the air rights to a developer, so he was involved in the construction of many office buildings and apartment buildings.
I was an office leasing broker when I first graduated college. When my dad asked if I wanted to work for him, I said, "No!" But then a number of people in the industry gave me some advice. One such individual was Richard Kalikow [Peter Kalikow's cousin]. Richard worked for his dad, Nat Kalikow, and said, "Don't be a fool, this could be good training for you." And it was. I gained a lot of experience working for him for eight years, and then 22 years ago I left and started my own company.
What was your first acquisition independent of your father?
I bought a 17-unit apartment building for $550,000 in Clinton Hill in Brooklyn. I still own it. My next building was a 45-unit apartment building, and from there things just got bigger.
Today I have 3,000 units, and we own some pretty large apartment complexes. We own an apartment complex in the Bronx called Lafayette Boynton, which has 1,000 apartments. I acquired it, four buildings and each 19 stories, four-and-a-half years ago and spent $17 million on capital improvements. It has air rights to the tune of 600,000 square feet. We also own a 716-unit apartment building in Brooklyn known as Atlantic Plaza Towers. Our buildings range from 17 units up to 1,000 units.
You only buy in New York?
My preference is New York City—it's not Westchester, it's not Long Island, it's not New Jersey. It's the boroughs excluding Staten Island. That is one of the lessons I learned from my dad. He owned the Holiday Inn in Gainesville, Fla., and I didn't like that because we weren't there. I felt that any building I owned, I wanted to be able to jump into a car and get there within a half hour. So that formulated my investment strategy of being hands-on and being able to touch and feel what my clients were feeling.
I love to find these buildings that are tired but in terrific locations and try to remake them into a place that people are proud to call home. These are developments that were built by quality developers a long time ago, but it's middle-income, middle-class housing stock that some developers in the past felt wasn't the most glamorous. I see it as a way to reinvigorate them. In the Bronx buildings we put in brand new hallways and elevators and, at Christmastime, brought in American Christmas—the company that does Christmas decorations for Saks and Cartier— to decorate the lobbies.
How do you typically finance your acquisitions?
There isn't one particular lender we favor—we aren't gun-slingers. We finance our buildings with 60 to 65 percent loan to value so we can find lenders all day long for that LTV. Our bread-and-butter lender is a local savings bank. Citibank recently refinanced a deal for us [on the Bronx development]. In the past we've done some deals with Freddie Mac where Berkadia originated the loan, and we've also done a bunch of deals with Santander Bank.
What are your thoughts on 421a?
I think it's a travesty. I do understand what the governor is trying to accomplish—I just don't think it's possible. The cost of building in this city is astronomical, so do we really want to make it worse? And how do you bring forth more affordable housing if you're going to increase the cost of construction. [Gov. Andrew Cuomo] seems to have dug in deep with his promise to the unions, so I'm not sure how that is going to work itself out.
How about your father's legacy, the Mitchell Lama program?
How do you take these properties that have been in the Mitchell-Lama program and make them better and make them viable investments? It's challenging. The Mitchell-Lama program is one of the most successful middle-income programs in the country, yet there's not a lot of incentive for the owners of these properties to put money into them. My dad, early on, worked for [New York City Department of] Housing Preservation and Development, and he ran the program. I'm sure at the time it was a program that was extremely lucrative for all stakeholders.
I have a number of developments that are keeping me busy. Lafayette Boynton is a property we are spending a lot of time on. Also our Promenade Apartments in the Marble Hill/Riverdale area in the Northern end of Manhattan. It's a 33-story building. We're rebuilding a deck there that sits over the Metro North train tracks, redoing the lobby and public walkway. Then at 275 South Street we're working on the roof deck and lobby. There are a lot of millennials there so we're adding shadowboxing to the gym and adding community space, like a WeWork. At Atlantic Plaza Towers, we're building new lobbies, gyms and entryways.