anything, even when I try run a file ( >chuck foo.ck).
But when I run the file in miniAudicle, it runs fine.
the [chuck]: no input files.... message.
in  miniAudilce, it runs fine.
> the start up manual as it says, but keep getting the same error.
> Is there something else I am not doing correctly?
> But would like to get this working from the Terminal.
> problem is that you are trying to run ChucK without any input file.
> Good luck, and let me know if this helps.
> > the start up manual as it says, but keep getting the same error.
> > Is there something else I am not doing correctly?
> > But would like to get this working from the Terminal.
> ChucK to run the code that is in a file that was previously saved.
> to get to grips with both at the same time.
>> the start up manual as it says, but keep getting the same error.
> stating the obvious; you wouldn't type that symbol, just the command "chuck"
> In the first line we see "ghost", that's my login.
> "baido" refers to the name of the computer (I'm a R-type fan, you see).
> instead be a "#".
> from what I wrote.
> know how to talk to me".
> getting because if ChucK is in /usr/bin/ it really should work.


text:
Settlement reached in Empire State Realty Trust suit
http://newsandinsight.thomsonreuters.com/New_York/News/2012/11_-_November/Settlement_reached_in_Empire_State_Realty_Trust_suit/
By Ilaina Jonas
NEW YORK, Nov 2 (Reuters) - The group leading an effort to create a publicly traded company with the Empire State Building as its centerpiece has agreed to pay $55 million to settle a class-action lawsuit that sought to stop the deal, according to a regulatory filing.
Malkin Holdings LLC, which plans to create the Empire State Realty Trust Inc, and its partner, the estate of Leona M. Helmsley, were sued by some investors in the more than 18 properties that will constitute the proposed real estate investment trust.
The terms of the agreement, which includes investors in several of the properties, were included in updated documents describing the proposed REIT and filed on Friday with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Under the proposed agreement, which must receive court approval, neither the Malkin Group nor the estate will admit any guilt, and the class participants have agreed to support the REIT and the proposed initial public offering.
The fate of the REIT now rests in the hands of the more than 2,800 investors in the Empire State Building who must approve the consolidation of the properties and the IPO. Approval requires 80 percent of each of the three investor groups in that building.
A few investors, some of whose parents or grandparents invested in the Empire State Building in 1961, do not like the plan. Their reasons vary. Some opposed the 50-50 split between the management company, whose main owner is the Helmsley Trust, and the investors. The management company holds a 114-year sublease on the property.
Others do not want to own a publicly traded company and prefer to remain a private real estate investor.
"I can't imagine any ESB investor changing a no vote to yes for this extra 1 percent" said Richard Edelman who opposes the plan. His grandparents were original investors in the Empire State Building.
According to the proposed settlement contained in the filing, an agreement, dated Oct. 10. 2012, was reached after Malkin agreed to align the tax treatment of the investors with his own.
Attorneys for the plaintiffs could not reached for immediate comment.
A representative from Malkin Holdings declined to comment.
Malkin proposed the REIT after the Helmsley Trust said it wanted to sell its stake in the Empire State Building and its other properties proposed for the REIT.
The payment and the settlement are conditional upon the approval of the REIT and the IPO, according to the filing.
Follow us on Twitter @ReutersLegal | Like us on Facebook

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Humanity is a feeling for our kind which has be engraved deep into us since our existence but social evils like status throw the word humanity into a darker meaning.
Status is nothing but a piece of useless showoff of power to threaten or scare someone. Status is one of the worst social evils whose practice still exists . This very word(status) has divided this world into tiny pieces , what is the the difference between a person with two different status. Their is no difference but few unhealthy minds has spoilt and stained this world whose life was like a white piece of paper.
This world is worthless where a purity and unity has dirt on its shirt by the word status. During caveman, No one was rich or poor we human lived and developed on each others support and help and now when we have even advanced brains and quality to think the future, what has happen to this world which is separated by status.
Life is more worth then few worthless pieces of paper. It is a very harsh truth but truth is what that has to be accepted and to be implicated.
And we are falling as a race who has developed in technology but has forgot his basic values, a race who has forgot to stand up together and fight , a race who has no happiness for each other but just jealous.
This world can only be fixed by people who understand the world well enough to know its darkness and throw a bright flash of light and bring brightness and end the night of the problems between status and humanity.
That's true, we need to bring humanity back to where it belongs!
PreviousAre problems the solution to itself?


In 1985, the state of Minnesota staged a national competition for the design of a new building to house the Minnesota Historical Society in St. Paul. Five teams were short-listed to participate, including HGA—the sole firm from Minnesota to make the list. Our established approach—listening, learning, researching, and proposing innovative solutions—paid off: our proposal was ultimately selected by the jury and awarded the commission.
The 10-acre building site is surrounded by St. Paul landmarks, including the St. Paul Cathedral and the Minnesota State Capitol. The building itself is clearly visible from surrounding freeways. The design team's challenge was clear: the 420,000-SF center had to stand out and blend in simultaneously.
The History Center opened in 1992, yet the structure's exterior surface of copper, terra cotta, and Minnesota stone still dazzles with its classic forms and contemporary aesthetic. The building's beautiful interior, especially its vaulted atrium, has also required few modifications in the intervening decades.
The center contains several public spaces, including galleries, an auditorium, a museum shop, a research library, and educational spaces. But the facility is also an archive: behind the scenes, staff members maintain, preserve, and care for the Society's extensive collection of manuscripts, audio visual resources, newspapers, maps, art, and artifacts. The stories of Minnesotans from many ages are housed here, in a building that visually reflects and celebrates the nature, culture, and industry of the state.


Jenni Sherman has been Simi Valley's premier lender for over 25 years. Her mortgage knowledge, lending experience and connection to the community is unmatched. With the backing of Stonegate Mortgage (NYSE: SGM) the programs and pricing at her disposal only increase her value. If you want to work with the best, call Jenni Sherman!


TRAKKER Elements Bib and Brace(206219) £63.99 FREE DELIVERY!
Be comfortable in the harshest of weather with this high performance, fully breathable, waterproof and super thermal clothing. To this we've designed this range with the angler in mind allowing for movement when casting, kneeling and other general movement associated with fishing. The garment construction has followed this also featuring garment stress point reinforcement.


Now of course none of this has anything to do with the temperature aspects of Houston, which by the way for New Yorkers it's pronounced HU-Ston, not How-ston like you say the name of the street in Manhattan. I am the first one to admit it can get a tad sticky down here with the humidity and all. Shoot, sometimes the humidity is so bad you have to put a screen on your fish tanks or the fish will escape. This piece is entirely about the nifty, keen, eccentric and not as popularly known sides of Houston.
We are not going to talk about the Dome or Johnson Space Center; this is the semi-silly, somewhat sordid underbelly of the city.
Let's start with what is still probably my all time favorite place in Houston…The Orange Show. It is humbly located in small neighborhood just south of the main University of Houston Main Campus and only two blocks off the Gulf Freeway.
The Orange Show still stands as not only a testament to what one man can do when he puts his mind to it but its also considered one of the foremost examples of folk art in the nation.
How does one describe the O Show to people? I usually don't and just tell them to go see it for themselves. There is no way a person could reasonably describe the place and then have that individual show up and go, "OhYeah, just like I pictured it".
Jeff McKissack a retired Postman began building his monument to the Orange in the 60s and opened it 1979. Dedicated to concepts such as good health and hard work it is also one of those places in Houston that just attracts a certain type of person. Artists, musicians, actors, and activists of all varieties flow in and around and through mixed in the regular Houston visitor who just wants to see what's going on.
The Orange Show Foundation, which oversees the site and manages the upkeep, programs and folk art studies of other sites worldwide, also produces the annual Art Car Parade in Houston which is the first and best and largest of its kind anywhere in the World.
Each year, dozens of altered, sculpted and painted wheeled wonders drive to Houston in May for the largest gathering of art cars anywhere. Over 250 entries will wind their way down the streets of Houston thrilling hundreds of thousands of onlookers and have done so for over 20 years.
I actually recall, 1989, sitting on the hood of my Vega at the corner of Bell and Travis, waiting for my fellow Orange Show staffers to show so we could begin setting up for the very first Parade.
Not much of a success the first year as there was literally fewer viewers than there were in the Parade.
Not so now as it has become a major institution in Houston. Unlike other major cities, our city government supports art cars, the police support art cars, even the local Visitors Bureau promotes art cars.
Oh yeah, I digress, the Orange Show itself. Built out of items Jeff scrounged from demolished building sites and other things he had accumulated, tractor seats, wagon wheels, railroad spikes, tiles and bricks of every shape and size, he began to fashion this amazing multi- level monument extolling the virtues of his favorite food.
And If you aren't doing anything the weekend of May 9th, I really recommend heading our way for the 22nd Annual Art Car Parade. You will be thanking me for the rest of your life.
For more info on the parade check out Houston Art Car Klub and The Orange Show.


This time we talk with Long Tan (譚龍) more about himself, more personal, and more in-depth.
Deakin Ng is a Hong Kong born Canadian, he is a cantonese radio show (Hi-Liter熒火會) host/producer; singer/songwriter. He also love sports & different forms of art.


text:
Charla K to compete with a song co-written with Per Gessle
January 15, 2018 January 15, 2018 by Patrícia Peres
Charla K's name probably sounds familiar to Per Gessle's fans, because she was signed by Per's record label, Space Station 12 and together with Alex Shield she also performed as support act to Per Gessle on Mr. G's summer tour last year.
Now she is among the ten finalists competing in the Norwegian national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest. Charlotte Kjær (29) is from Tønsberg and currently lives in Stockholm, Sweden. In 2009, she participated in X Factor Norway as part of the group Shackles. In 2013 the group participated in Melodi Grand Prix as a duo. Charla K's first single was "Should'a Let Me Go", written together with Alex Shield and Sharon Vaughn. This year, she co-wrote Stamina for Anastacia's new album.
In 2018, Charla K competes with a song written together with Alex Shield and none other than Per Gessle. "Charlotte is a natural talent who has that unique skill that you listen to her whatever she is singing!" says Per in today's press release. "Charla K writes songs as well, Stop The Music is a fantastic creation she composed together with Alex Shield. I'm both proud and happy to have written the text. And suddenly we all ended up in Norway. And on Melodifestivalen. Life is full of surprises! Incredibly fun," says Per.
Charla K is excited to stand on the scene of Oslo Spektrum and perform the song "Stop The Music" on March 10, 2018. "It's great for me to be one of ten selected artists who get the chance to participate in one of the year's greatest , most important and most influential music contests – MGP," she says.
"Stop The Music" was chosen out of almost 1200 songs and that is a record for the competition in Norway.
In the 1980's, Per Gessle already took part in Melodifestivalen as a songwriter. First in 1980, when Lasse Lindbom performed "För dina bruna ögons skull", the song ended up at the 10th position. In 1986 Lena Philipsson competed with "Kärleken är evig" (lyrics written by PG) and ended up at the second place.
Fingers crossed for Charla K that she wins the contest in Norway, so we can all support her on the ESC later! Listen to the song HERE!
Photos by Karin Törnblom taken at Space Station 12's anniversary party 2017
Categories Per Gessle Tags Alex Shield, Charla K, contest, Eurovision Song Contest, Melodi Grand Prix, Melodifestivalen, Norway, Per Gessle, song, songwriting
Per Gessle makes it sound so simple
© Anders Roos
You probably remember our latest article on a new song registered under Per's and Addeboy vs. Cliff's (Andreas Broberger & Hannes Lindgren) name at BMI. The title of that song was "I Come Alive". Now there is another song listed in the BMI repertoire. It's called "You Make It Sound So Simple". What is Mr. G cooking???
Again, all 3 guys are registered as songwriters / composers of the song, so it's probably a cooperation like it was with Heikki L or Kill FM or Sebastien Drums. Is it going to be a complete Per Gessle feat. Addeboy vs. Cliff album or what? Or is it related to the new Rox album?
It surely turns out soon. But hopefully, the new Roxette album is released even sooner. 😉 Now that Per has announced the album is finally DONE, it shouldn't be long until announcing a release date as well. Woohoo!
Categories Per Gessle Tags Addeboy vs. Cliff, I Come Alive, Per Gessle, song, You Make It Sound So Simple
Per Gessle comes alive?
December 4, 2015 December 4, 2015 by Patrícia Peres
According to a recent tweet, there is a song registered for Addeboy vs. Cliff (Andreas Broberger & Hannes Lindgren) and Per Gessle. The title is "I Come Alive". If you check BMI's repertoire, there is indeed a song under their names. The question is whether it is one of the new Roxette songs co-produced by the duo or a Gessle solo cooperation with Addeboy vs. Cliff. Well, all 3 guys are registered as songwriters / composers of the song, so it's probably rather a cooperation like it was with Heikki L or Kill FM or Sebastien Drums.
© Per Gessle
Addeboy vs. Cliff are the guys who Roxette worked together on The Look 2015 remake. When Per was asked in the KappAhl interview about why they chose them, he replied:
I had started to work with them on another project via Cosmos Music. They are brilliant. Without them, I would not have dared to go in and record a new version of The Look.
In the Billboard interview related to The Look remake Per said:
I had started working with Addeboy vs. Cliff on some other projects a couple of months earlier so I thought they could be great collaborators. We got the backing track from them, which was the groove, drums and bass, and it sounded really cool and fresh, like the skeleton to something really interesting. I went into the studio with our regular producers, Clarence Öfwerman and Christoffer Lundquist, and added guitars, the solo parts and, of course, new vocals together with Marie. It took us two days.
With every album/project, I try to change one 'important' person, just to make everyone, myself included, stand on our toes. I always welcome change if it's the right reason. In this particular case, new blood definitely needed to be injected everywhere. As always, we wanted to produce it ourselves so as to not lose control, but we needed a fresh start and a different angle.
I told Addeboy vs. Cliff we wanted it to sound like a hit record in 2015 and to pretend that the original Roxette version from 1988 is the demo.
He also mentioned they are producing themselves, but Addeboy vs. Cliff are involved in a few songs of the upcoming Roxette album, as well as other producers.
Let's see what happens!
Categories Per Gessle, Roxette Tags Addeboy vs. Cliff, Album, I Come Alive, Per Gessle, Roxette, song
Per Gessle's cooperation with Hep Stars
January 29, 2014 December 17, 2013 by Patrícia Peres
Hep Stars was Sweden's most successful band in the 60s. Benny Andersson (ABBA) was one of the members of the pop group back then. Actual members are: Svenne Hedlund, Bengan Arenblad, Totte Päivärinta, Todde Stoor and Joffe Enbom. One of their most popular song is "Cadillac" (based on The Renegades' "Brand New Cadillac"). Cool song, isn't it? Not sure if it's the same baby and if the cadillac is big & black.
So, the guys are celebrating their 50th anniversary and for this reason, they are releasing an album in 2014 (4th week). Why am I writing about it? Because that album will contain a so far unpublished song written by Per Gessle. There will be 2 singles ("It´s Nice To Be Back"; "I Wanna Be With You"), but I have no clue if any of these 2 songs is the one written by Mr G. Actually, there is a song with the title "I Wanna Be With You" on The Lonely Boys album, but I guess it's not the same, since they are talking about a so far unreleased song. UPDATE: As Per informs, it IS the song from The Lonely Boys… UPDATE (29th Jan 2014): here you can have a listen to it… Ehm… or maybe not if you don't want to ruin what you have in your mind about this song.)
This is not the first time Per Gessle cooperated with Hep Stars. When EMI released their compilation album (Hep Stars: 1964-69!), it was Per who compiled those 30 songs the double LP contains. Not sure about the year, since some websites say it was in the early 80s, some others say it was in 1992. Would be cool to know the whole story behind it.
Google helped me to remember an old, fantastic SOAP interview (10/06/2006) with Per done by Jan Gradvall, where besides many many other interesting things he also mentioned that Hep Stars was his first favourite band.
Per said in that interview: "I liked them. I envied my parents that they could see Hep Stars on stage. I asked my mother about this just recently, but she couldn't remember anything. She is 81."
"I liked Hep Stars so much that I forced my friends to pretend that we were a band. We stood there with Carrom sticks as guitars and mimed to "Sunny Girl" from Hep Stars and "It's My Life" from The Animals. But my friends were totally uninterested in music. They thought I was weird."
Another interesting information is that the upcoming Hep Stars album was produced by Mats MP Persson.
MP played and worked together with Svenne several times in the past. You can find some pics of MP and his studio from the past HERE and some new ones HERE. Don't forget to check the walls! 😉
BBC Four will broadcast a documentary with Svenne and MP in it on 27th Dec.
Pic of Per is from "Gyllene Tider sommaren 2013" docu, pic of MP is from Hep Stars / Hep House Records FB site.
Categories Per Gessle Tags Hep Stars, Mats MP Persson, Per Gessle, song, unreleased
Mr Gessle's thoughts not to be lost
September 20, 2013 September 20, 2013 by Patrícia Peres
As Per is sharing a lot of information about his songs, demos, covers, etc. on Roxette Official and Per Gessle Official lately, we thought to collect them here, not to lose these pearls in the dark depths of Facebook. We hope Per is keeping up the good thing (thanx in advance, Mr G) and this way we can continuously update the list with his comments, so check it whenever you feel like it. There may be some new info for you from time to time. First of all, check Per's posts, but if you don't have time each day to have a look at the Facebook sites he's handling, you can come here and see what's new on the list.
We've created a section called "PG about songs" for this up in the Menu.
Enjoy the collection!
Categories Per Gessle Tags comments, covers, Demos, Remixes, song, songs, thoughts 1 Comment


THE ANP government in NWFP last week cut a deal with religious leader Sufi Mohammad promising to enforce 'Nizame Adl' (Islamic justice system) in Malakand division that includes the troubled but scenic Swat Valley often likened to Switzerland. It initially managed a ten-day truce from the Taliban, who control 70 per cent of the area. On Saturday Sufi persuaded them to extend it for an indefinite period, hailed by the government as a "permanent" ceasefire.
The weary populace of Swat rejoiced at the prospect of peace and return to normal life, no matter at what cost, after months ofblood-letting and utter anarchy. But the deal caused world-wide concern and baffled both critics and supporters about its scope and implications.
Even the United States appeared confused in reaction that ranged from outrage expressed by the envoy for the region, Richard Holbrooke, who termed it as a "surrender" and a contrasting comment by defence secretary Gates, who said it could be emulated for a similar arrangement with Taliban in Afghanistan.
But others in the US administration, the NATO and the Western media were worried that Taliban have been given a breathing space to regroup and refocus attention to help Taliban inside Afghanistan, make Swat haven for foreign terrorists and further consolidate hold on the local population.
India feared religious militancy in Pakistan would increase with possible a Hindu backlash against India's Muslim minority, or even the latter's radicalization. It further weakens a Pakistani civilian government not fully in control of its own territory and increases the risk that Pakistan will serve as a staging ground for terrorist attacks such as occurred in Mumbai in late November.
At home liberal lobbies dubbed it as "abject capitulation" to extremists that would embolden them to move beyond Swat and impose their brand of Islamic justice to other parts of the country. But most political parties hailed the peace accord as a reprieve, albeit tenuous, from the daily violence in Swat and total collapse of state institutions.
The deal was ostensibly struck with a tacit backing from the army and marked its implicit admission of defeat in the 18-month old operation. Most of its 12,000 troops deployed in Swat to quell insurgency were largely unwilling to fight and kill their own people. It relied more on gunship and artillery shelling than engaging the rebels in a real battle.
The collateral damage caused deaths of nearly 1,000 innocent civilians that, in turn, fuelled anti-government sentiments and swelled the Taliban ranks with more suicide bombers. Under the militants' control that covers entire countryside of Swat, girls' schools were closed, women banned from shopping, music shops burned and public floggings and executions were carried out.
The government responded with conflicting explanations. The Elements of the religious judicial system, called Nizam-e-Adl, have been in place in the region since 1994. It will now be implemented vigorously replacing the creaky colonial-era legal system under which cases drag on for years, sometimes decades, a major source of anger for ordinary people.
The agreement only codifies the harsh reality on the ground in Swat, where Taliban rebel Maulana Fazlullah's jackboots murder dancers, musicians, CD shop owners and others who disgrac his warped view of Islam.
The ANP leadership that rules the province contended that they were left with no other option because the Swat Taliban under the command of Maulana Fazlullah (33) had fought the army to a standstill. In fact, the Taliban, far from being defeated, were in the ascendant, their grip on Swat tighter than before the army operation began in the autumn of 2007.
The alternative was more chaos and a perpetual paralysis of state institutions in the area. Under the new regulations, criminal cases would be disposed of within four months and civil cases in six months. The appeal stage would quickly culminate within the region instead of the high court in Peshawar and the Supreme Court in Islamabad. Religious experts, known as qazi, will sit in the court, alongside a regular judge, to ensure that the rulings are in compliance with Islam.
In Islamabad, the Foreign Office termed the Western reaction as speculative. "Understanding regarding Nizam-e-Adl (Justice System) is sequentially linked to the restoration of peace and tranquility," the FO spokesman said. Prime Minister Yousuf Gilani said that this was part of the government's three-pronged strategy, namely dialogue, deterrence and development and fully conformed to the dictates of the Constitution that forbids continuation of laws repugnant to Quran.
But President Asif Zardari, whose approval is needed before the new law become effective, was rather ambivalent. ANP chief Asfandyar Wali claimed the President was on board and would giving his assent failing which his party would quit the government.
But Holbrooke, who talked to the President on the telephone, said Mr. Zardari has assured him it was an interim deal aimed at stabilising the troubled Swat region. "He does not disagree that people who are running Swat now are murderers, thugs and militants and they pose a danger not only to Pakistan but to the US as well," Mr Holbrooke said.
The timing of the agreement was emblematic of the mess engulfing Pakistan in every facet of national life — politics, economy, internal and external security. Its army is stuck in combating insurgency in tribal areas, Swat and Balochistan. It came barely a day after Holbrooke concluded intense consultations in Islamabad ahead of a strategic review of the war on terror in the region called by President Obama.
Pakistan's foreign minister and army chief left for Washington on Sunday for this purpose where they would also be joined by an Afghan team in the wake of US President's orders to dispatch an additional 17,000 troops to Afghanistan. The review would include military, economic, political, diplomatic and informational approaches. The deal has achieved some instant results within the first week that inspire hope it may endure. The curfew-stricken Swat has been transformed to active life in the area.
Militants have accepted a cease-fire while military bombing raids have been suspended; the curfew in cities has been lifted, an interminable string of violent events have halted and fears of suicide attacks receded substantially; bazaars have reopened, traffic on roads has been restored, labour is getting jobs and displaced families have begun returning to their homes.
Notwithstanding scepticism that it may well be temporary relief, it is a huge break from the nightmarish life that the populace has spent over past nearly two years. Amid an upbeat mood, ministers and MPs who had fled from the area have also returned while more optimists are even talking of Swat being able to again receive tourists this summer.
More than 70 US military advisers, mostly special forces personnel, are secretly working in Pakistan to help its armed forces battle Al-Qaida and the Taliban in the country's lawless tribal areas.
The Americans are mostly Army Special Forces soldiers who are training Pakistani Army and paramilitary troops, providing them with intelligence and advising on combat tactics, military officials told the New York Times.
But they do not conduct combat operations, the officials added.
They, the paper said, make up a secret task force, overseen by the United States Central Command and Special Operations Command.
It started last summer, with the support of Pakistan's government and military, in an effort to root out Al-Qaida and Taliban operations that threaten American troops in Afghanistan and are increasingly destabilising Pakistan, the Times said.
It is a much larger and more ambitious effort than either country has acknowledged.
Pakistani officials, the paper noted, have vigorously protested American missile strikes in the tribal areas as a violation of sovereignty and have resisted efforts by Washington to put more troops on Pakistani soil.
Pakistani army chief General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani has arrived in Washington to discuss the proposed comprehensive review of the American policy for Pakistan and Afghanistan.
This is Kayani's first visit to the US after becoming army chief in November 2007.
During his week-long tour beginning Monday, Kayani will have series of meetings with his US counterpart and top officials of Obama administration, on issues which would dominate around the fight against Taliban terrorists in Pakistan's restive tribal areas bordering Afghanistan.
General Kayani is expected to call on Admiral Mike Mullen, Chairman of the Joint Chief of Staff; Gen David Petraeus, Commander of the US Central Command, besides meeting the Secretary of Defence Robert Gates.
Tamil Tigers said on Monday that they were ready for a ceasefire with the Sri Lankan government, but refused to lay down their arms.
With the LTTE cornered in a fast shrinking small landmass in the north eastern coast of the country, the rebels' appeal for a truce came in a letter to the United Nations and other foreign powers.
LTTE Political chief B Nadesan, in a letter to the United Nations, said that international calls for rebels to lay down their arms could not resolved the armed conflict as "weapons were the only protective shield of the Tamil people."
"Arms are also our tool for political liberation," Nadesan told the United Nations in the letter copies of which were also sent to the United States, European Union, UK and Japan and one time peace-broker on the island Norway.
"We are ready to discuss cooperate and work together in all their efforts to bring an immediate ceasefire and work towards a political settlement," he said.
But the Sri Lankan government immediately rejected the cease fire offer by the Tigers. An official spokesman, Keheliya Rambukwella, told reporters it would accept nothing short of a unconditional ceasefire.
India and Pakistan aren't always bickering, including over Kashmir, the dispute that has defined their relationship over more than six decades. Away from the public eye, top and trusted envoys from the two countries have at various times sat down and wrestled with the problem, going beyond stated positions in the public and even teasing out the contours of a deal. In the end of course, someone's nerve failed, or something else happened and the deal was off.
Beginning 2004 and up until November 2007 India and Pakistan were embarked on a similar course and very nearly came to an agreement on Kashmir, says investigative journalist Steve Coll in an article for the New Yorker. Special envoys from the two countries met in secret in hotels in London, Bangkok and London to lay out a solution and after three years they were ready with the broad outline of a settlement that would have de-militarised Kashmir.
An abstract of the article is here and the Washington Post has a story on it.
Under the plan, the Kashmir conflict would have been resolved through the creation of an autonomous region in which local residents could move freely and conduct trade on both sides of the territorial boundary. Over time, the border would become irrelevant, and declining violence would allow a gradual withdrawal of tens of thousands of troops that now face one another across the region's mountain passes, Coll writes.
But by then, then President Pervez Musharraf was so engulfed in political problems that he couldn't sell himself, let alone a landmark deal on Kashmir . Musharraf fought for the agreement but he had slipped into a political death spiral and resigned in August 2008, the deal still-born.
As I said before it wasn't the first time India and Pakistan took the high road to peace and then faltered. Musharraf wrote in his book In the Line of Fire that he and then Indian prime minister Atal Behari Vajpayee came close to an agreement on how to tackle Kashmir in a 2001 summit in Agra but "mysterious higher powers" had overruled and "humiliated" Vajpayee.
Going further back, the two sides are also known to have reached an agreement over the Siachen glacier, only to step back at the last minute.
But you have to wonder now after the Mumbai attacks of November 2008 if there is any room for this kind of diplomacy. The mood has soured and it would take a considerable amount of courage for anyone to step up to peacemaking in secret. Or perhaps that is all the more reason they must once again throw themselves into the challenge?


ما تَجالَسَ قَوْمٌ مَجْلِسَاً فَلَمْ يَنْصِتْ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ اِلاّ نُزِعَ مِنْ ذلِكَ المَجْلِسِ البَرَكَةُ.
Blessing escapes a meeting wherein participants do not listen to each other.
البَرَكَةُ في أَكابِرِنا؛ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَرْحَمْ صَغِيْرَنا وَيُجِلَّ كَبِيْرَنا فَلَيْسَ مِنَّا.
Blessing is with our aged ones, and whoever is not merciful to our young ones, nor respectful to our aged, will not be among our followers.
Blessing is with your aged ones.
عَمَى القَلْبِ الضَّلالَةُ بَعْدَ الهُدَى.
Blind-heartedness is (in fact) deviation after guidance.
I am worried about you more for blessings than for sins. Beware that blessings not thanked for will entail your definite ruin.
Lambs are blessings (of God).


IASA is a founding member of the Co-ordinating Council of Audiovisual Archives Associations (CCAAA), an international alliance that seeks to represent the interests of the profession to governments and international agencies.
IASA maintains operational relations with UNESCO.
News of interest to the Association is published on the IASA website.
IASA also operates a listserv to facilitate the exchange of information.
Special publications can be ordered directly from IASA. Reports, guidelines and policy statements on issues such as legal deposit, national discography, and copyright are available on the IASA website.
IASA "Task Forces" report on specific topics of interest to the membership such as selection criteria and endangered carriers. These and other reports will be made available on the IASA web site as they are completed.


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Karaoke Discs
Custom Discs
VOCAL-STAR 10S KARAOKE DISC SET 8 CDG DISCS 150 SONGS
10's Karaoke Hits
Vocal-Star are renowned for the Best Quality of backing tracks in the Karaoke Industry, used by karaoke hosts and professional singers all over the world. No fade outs, all Vocal-Star Song Packs have definite endings. The Lyrics will appear on your tv screen.
1. 1975 (The Sound)
2. A Great Big World ft. Christina Aguilera (Say Something
3. Adele (Rumour Has It
4. Adele (Someone Like You
5. Adele (Skyfall
6. Adele (Rolling In The Deep
7. Adele (Hello
8. Alicia Keys (Girl On Fire
9. Ariana Grande (One Last Time
10. Avicii (Wake Me Up
11. Bastille (Pompeii
12. Beyonce (Single Ladies (Put A Ring On It)
13. Bruno Mars (Marry You
14. Bruno Mars (When I Was Your Man
15. Bruno Mars (That's What I like
16. Bruno Mars (Uptown Funk
17. Calvin Harris (How Deep Is Your Love
18. Calvin Harris ft. Ellie Goulding (I Need Your Love
19. Cee Lo Green (Forget You
20. Charlie Puth (One Call Away
21. Charlie Puth Ft. Meghan Trainor (Marvin Gaye
22. Cheryl Cole (Fight For This Love
23. Christina Perri (Jar Of Hearts
24. Coldplay (Paradise
25. Coldplay (A Sky Full Of Stars
26. Coldplay (Fix You
27. Daft Punk (Get Lucky
28. David Guetta ft. Sia (Titanium
29. Drake (One Dance
30. Due Lipa (Be The One
31. Ed Sheeran (Shape Of You
32. Ed Sheeran (Sing
33. Ed Sheeran (Thinking Out Loud
34. Ed Sheeran (Castle On The Hill
35. Ella Henderson (Ghost
36. Ellie Goulding (Starry Eyed
37. Ellie Goulding (Love Me Like You Do
38. Emeli Sande (Clown
39. Emeli Sande (Read All About It
40. Flo Rida (Good Feeling
41. Frozen (Let It Go
42. Fun ft. Janelle Monae (We Are Young
43. George Ezra (Blame It On Me
44. George Ezra (Budapest
45. George Ezra (Don't Matter Now
46. Harry Styles (Two Ghosts
47. Harry Styles (Sign Of The Times
48. Hozier (Take Me To Church
49. James Arthur (Safe Inside
50. James Arthur (Impossible
51. James Arthur (Say You wont Let Go
52. James Bay (Hold Back The River
53. Jamie Lawson (Wasn't Expecting That
54. Jason Derulo (Want To Want Me
55. Jason Mraz (I Wont Give Up
56. Jess Glynne (Take Me Home
57. Jessie J (Bang Bang
58. John Legend (All Of Me
59. Justin Bieber (Love Yourself
60. Justin Bieber (Sorry
61. Justin Timberlake (Mirrors
62. Justin Timberlake (Can't stop The Feeling
63. Katy Perry (Roar
64. Katy Perry (Firework
65. Katy Perry (Chained To The Rhythm
66. Labrinth & Emeli Sande (Beneath Your Beautiful
67. Lady Antebellum (Need You Now
68. Lady Gaga (Bad Romance
69. Lady Gaga (Paparazzi
70. Lady Gaga (The Edge Of Glory
71. Leona Lewis (Run
72. Liam Payne (Strip That Down
73. Little Mix (Power
74. Little Mix (DNA
75. Little Mix (Move
76. Little Mix (Black Magic
77. Little Mix (Shout Out To My Ex
78. Lmfao (Sexy And I Know It
79. Lukas Graham (7 Years
80. Lukas Graham (Mama Said
81. Lumineers (Ho Hey
82. Major Lazer FT Justin Bieber (Cold Water
83. Maroon 5 (Sugar
84. Maroon 5 Ft Christina Aguilera (Moves Like Jagger
85. Meghan Trainor (All About That Bass
86. Michael Buble (It's A Beautiful Day
87. Miley Cyrus (Malibu
88. Miley Cyrus (Wrecking Ball
89. Nathan Sykes (Over and Over Again
90. Niall Horan (Slow Hands
91. Nick Jonas (Jealous
92. Nicki Minaj (Starships
93. Noel Gallagher (Aka…What A Life
94. Olly Murs (Dance With Me Tonight
95. Olly Murs (Dear Darling
96. Olly Murs (Heart Skips A Beat
97. Olly Murs (Please Don't Let Me Go
98. Omi (Cheerleader (Felix Jaehn Remix)
99. One Direction (Best Song Ever
100. One Direction (The Story Of My Life
101. One Direction (What Makes You Beautiful
102. One Direction (Steal My Girl
103. One Direction (History
104. One Republic (Counting Stars
105. Paloma Faith (Picking Up The Pieces
106. Paloma Faith (Only Love Can Hurt Like This
107. Passenger (Let Her Go
108. Pharrell Williams (Happy
109. Pink (True Love
110. Pink (Try
111. Pink (Raise Your Glass
112. Pixie Lott (All About Tonight
113. Plan B (She Said
114. Rachel Platten (Fight Song
115. Rag and Bone Man (Human
116. Rihanna (We Found Love
117. Rihanna (FourFiveSeconds
118. Rihanna ft Mikky Ekko (Stay
119. Rita Ora (I Will Never Let You Down
120. Rizzle Kicks (Mama Do The Hump
121. Robin Thicke ft. T.I., Pharrell (Blurred Lines
122. Sam Bailey (Skyscraper
123. Sam Smith (Like I Can
124. Sam Smith (Stay With Me
125. Sam Smith (Money On My Mind
126. Sam Smith (Writings On The Wall
127. Saturdays ft Sean Paul (What About Us
128. Scouting for Girls (This Aint A Love Song
129. Script ft. Will.I.Am (Hall Of Fame
130. Selena Gomez (Love You Like A Love Song
131. Shawn Mendes (Stiches
132. Sia (Chandelier
133. Sia (Elastic Heart
134. Sigala (Sweet Lovin
135. Stereophonics (C'est La Vie
136. Stooshe (Black Heart
137. Taio Cruz (Dynamite
138. Take That (The Flood
139. Taylor Swift (Look What You Made Me Do
140. Taylor Swift (Shake It Off
141. Taylor Swift (Blank Space
142. Taylor Swift (I Knew You Were Trouble
143. Taylor Swift ft. Ed Sheeran (Everything Has Changed
144. The Killers (The Man
145. Tom Odell (Concrete
146. Wanted (Walks Like Rihanna
147. Years & Years (King
148. Years & Years (Shine
149. Zara Larsson (Lush Life
150. Zayn (Pillow Talk
Back to Karaoke Discs
© 2019, Vocal-Star Australia Powered by Shopify


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Teter Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of West Virginia. It is a tributary to the Tygart Valley River.

Teter Creek was named in the late 18th century most likely after a member of the pioneer Teter family. Variant names are "Ryans Mill Run", "Teter's Creek", and "Teters Creek".

References

Rivers of West Virginia
Rivers of Barbour County, West Virginia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Yvel is a luxury jewelry brand recognized worldwide for its distinctive creations featuring nature's most treasured resources. Founded by Orna and Isaac Levy in 1986, Yvel has a rich history of cultivating fine jewelry for over 30 years. Rare organic pearls are Yvel's signature design motif with select natural diamonds, emeralds, sapphires and other gems featuring prominently. Yvel is legendary for its free form designs in which 18k white, yellow or rose satin finished gold is fashioned around the gemstone, caressing it and enhancing its unique beauty.
Ensure Every guest receives outstanding customer service.
Maintain a safe, friendly, and clean environment for our customers, vendors and employees.
Give customers outstanding support by understanding their needs and recommending the right jewelry.
Responsibility for opening and closing the store according to Mall schedule.
Cultivating relationships with the local Jewish community and maintaining customer relationships.
Get Boston Sales jobs via email.


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Q-talk 12 - PILOT PROFILE
Category: Q-Talk Articles
Written by June Strong
(ED. NOTE: This is an unusual and interesting PILOT PROFILE as seen from the perspective of a builder's mother. Mitch Strong's mother happens to be a writer and I know you'll enjoy what she had to say in Signs of the Times - September 1987.)
June Strong - "PICKY FINGERS" Grows Up
Today a small, unusual plane flew over our home. From the garden where I was working, I raced to a more open area and waved jubilantly. The pilot acknowledged my antics with a slight tilt of the wings and roared off over the treetops leaving me proud, scared, and filled with wonder. For the pilot was my son, my 27-year-old son, and he had built, with his own hands, the plane which now shot through the sky.
For three years he'd spent every spare moment working toward this day. There has been hours of frustration along with the good times when everything went smoothly. And slowly, slowly, a sleek little craft began to emerge.
We'd joked about the first flight. Who'd be the passenger - wife, father, sister, mother? That was the punch line - mom, who could barely relax on a 747. (Actually, there'd be no passenger on the first flight, nor for 40 flying hours afterward. The law said so, and he would not have exposed us to that danger anyhow.) We joked to still our fears, for we knew first flights for home-built aircraft are prone to problems ranging from annoying to disastrous. A part of me wished he'd park it in his backyard for a conversation piece, but then another side of me shared his excitement, understood his elation at completing an almost insurmountable task single-handedly.
I recalled the long-ago day when a truck had delivered boxes and boxes of fiberglass, foam, epoxy, and other materials. Upon the wall Mitch had tacked a picture of the Q-200, a sleek futuristic plane, the finished product, and we tried to believe that from the jumble of materials he'd actually produce that magnificent little aircraft.
When he was a child, we, on occasion, partly in jest, partly in exasperation, called him "picky fingers". He just couldn't resist taking things apart. Sometimes he got them back together, sometimes he didn't; but those curious little hands kept right on exploring and learning, in spite of stern parental lectures.
There came a point, however, when I began to realize I could turn to Mitch for almost anything - putting up the Christmas tree, getting the mangled spoon out of the garbage disposal, repairing my typewriter. Those meddling fingers had become clever, capable hands. So, I wasn't really too surprised that he got all the contents of the boxes together and that his creation had just roared overhead, its pilot safe and sound and about as happy as a human can be.
There are moments when I think I'd like a more conventional son, one about whom I'd not have to worry, a stamp collector, perhaps. But then I see him taxiing down the runway, lifting light as laughter into the sky, and disappearing from our sight, and I know I wouldn't have him any other way.
I expect that sometimes the characteristics in our children which are most trying are the glimmerings of their true potential. We have a daughter who would defend her position hotly - we called it arguing - until we were at our wit's end. She had a photographic memory, a facile tongue, and a shrewd mind. To put it mildly, she was a challenge. Today she's any attorney, and all those traits which left us frazzled are her finest assets in her chosen career.
So, maybe the determined child who cannot be squelched is the one to watch. Maybe his potential in one area or another is so strong that it will grow and flourish in spite of all attempts to discourage it. If so, he will make a contribution, sooner or later, to the adult world.
Maybe we need to nurture and encourage rather than scold and subdue. To take the long-range view, and to thank the Father of all children for their variety and promise, and for the sweet privilege and sober responsibility of tending the vigorous plant.


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Massachusetts State Police Trooper in Overtime Scandal Says Bosses Knew About It
By Marc Fortier	• Published at 2:10 pm on May 30, 2019
A former state trooper who pleaded guilty in connection with the ongoing investigation of overtime abuse at the Massachusetts State Police Department said in a letter to a judge this week that his superior officers were aware of the scandal.
"When I first learned that I was going to face federal criminal charges, I felt it was unfair," Heath McAuliffe said in a letter to U.S. District Judge Denise Casper ahead of his sentencing next week. "I told myself that almost all of my colleagues at Troop E were doing the same thing, that it wasn't really a big deal, and that it wasn't fair that I was one of a handful of Troopers being singled out for federal prosecution."
He goes on to express contrition, saying "It really doesn't matter that many other Troopers were doing the same thing, that our superior officers knew about it, or that only a handful of us were singled out for federal prosecution. I am responsible for my own conduct; I chose to commit this crime; and I must now face the consequences of my actions, whatever they may be."
McAuliffe, 40, of Hopkinton, was arrested in December on an embezzlement charge. Prosecutors allege he received $9,825 in overtime pay for hours he didn't work or for shifts for which he left at least an hour early.
He was the eighth trooper to be arrested and charged in connection with the ongoing scandal, which broke in early 2018.
The troopers were all members of the now-eliminated Troop E, which had been assigned to enforce criminal and traffic laws along the Massachusetts Turnpike.
At least 30 state police troopers have been investigated as part of the ongoing overtime pay scandal, which was exposed by an internal audit.
In the wake of the scandal, GPS locators were activated for more than 1,000 state police cruisers as part of the ongoing reforms launched by Gov. Charlie Baker.


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Wed 6 Nov 2019 | 07:04
Saracens 'should be automatically relegated'
REACTION: European rugby champions Saracens on Wednesday faced an angry call from rivals Exeter to be automatically relegated for breaching the English Premiership's £7 million ($9 million) salary cap over several seasons.
Saracens are appealing their 35-point deduction and fine of over £5 million – the sanctions are on hold until a verdict is delivered, likely in 2020 – which has cast a huge pall over Saracens trophy-laden success of the past five years.
The club, home to seven of the England squad that reached the World Cup final including captain Owen Farrell, have won three of the last four European Champions Cups and four of the past five Premiership titles.
Saracens have evidently decided to circle the wagons and angered the organisers of the European Champions Cup by refusing to send anyone to the launch in Cardiff on Wednesday.
Exeter chairman Tony Rowe said he felt especially aggrieved having seen his club lose to Saracens in the Premiership final in the past two seasons.
"They should be automatically relegated," he told The Times.
"I shall be lobbying to change it. In America, if you are in professional sport and you are found guilty of breaking the salary cap, you are chucked out.
"No messing. There is no room in professional sport for cheats."
If the 35-point punishment was applied now, Saracens would have minus 26 points.
*Also Read: SARACENS A 'NO-SHOW' AT CHAMPIONS CUP LAUNCH
Meanwhile, Exeter director of rugby Rob Baxter, who finished runners-up in the last two seasons to Saracens, feels that the Champions should be stripped of two Premiership titles for breaching salary cap regulations.
Speaking at the Champions Cup launch in Cardiff on Tuesday, Baxter admits events have left a bitter taste with him.
"If this is upheld it's pretty obvious those titles have been won unfairly,"
"If you're asking me would I like to walk into Sandy Park and see three Premiership trophies there, I would love to.
"In reality do I see that happening? No. There are too many other factors that come into play."
"I believe the way we played in the final last year would have beaten any other team in the Premiership.
"But the whole truth is if Saracens had been operating with a different group of players last season they may not have got to the final and if a different team had been there they might have outperformed us on the day.
"It would be ridiculous for me to say they were givens. How many results could have been different in the course of a season and the top four could have been created differently,"
Baxter also revealed, although he does not agree with Rowe, he certainly understands where his boss is coming from.
"Tony's concern, and probably the rest of the Premiership's concern, is that if that is the first response to what has happened, what they are saying is that they are not abiding by the fundamental basic principles of the salary cap," Baxter said.
"We're supposed to be working within the salary cap to create a level of fairness and competition. That's what we have signed up to and agreed to,"
*Article continues below…
'Dam has been broken'
It is the arrangements of long-time benefactor and chairman Nigel Wray with stars like Farrell, the Vunipola brothers and Maro Itoje that are believed to have condemned the club following a nine-month investigation by the Premiership and subsequently a three-man independent panel led by a distinguished judge.
This took the form of Wray setting up joint-business ventures with the players such as VunProp Ltd, for the Vunipola brothers, Faz Investments Ltd (Farrell) and MN Property Solutions Ltd (Itoje).
However, Wray – who is believed to have invested around £40million of his own fortune since becoming involved in 1995 – told the Daily Mirror in May he saw this as being separate from their salaries.
"The career of a rugby player might end tomorrow," said Wray.
"Their salary will go down by 90 percent.
"They will lose the 'family' they have been with for 15 years.
"We've got to work at giving them a better future. And that's what we do and will continue to do."
There is also the question mark hanging over the futures of some of their star talent – Itoje and Farrell are on long-term contracts but Wales fullback Liam Williams will be out of contract come the end of the campaign and could be forced to leave if the appeal fails.
Wray and Saracens will have a very narrow remit in terms of their appeal, which has led many to conclude they face an uphill battle
However, former England international Austin Healey warned that the holier-than-thou attitude of Saracens' rivals could be ill-advised as the spotlight may yet fall on them.
"I imagine there will be a pursuit of other clubs," Healey wrote in the Daily Telegraph.
"The dam has been broken now, so you might as well go after all of them."
Club insiders have told The Times they fear Wray – who was apparently shocked at the outcome having been told by his legal team the panel had not laid a "glove on them" after their hearing – could well move to sell the club if it is rejected.
"We have to help them build a much better tomorrow. Hopefully, that time will be in their mid-30s but at some stage players will fall off a cliff.
"The review can only be on the basis that there has been an error of law, the decision is irrational or that there has been some procedural unfairness," the Premiership said in a statement.
Rowe's demand that Saracens be relegated is the tip of the iceberg as the Daily Telegraph has seen internal documents between other clubs declaring they are ready to cancel their fixtures with the champions if they pursue the case to the courts.
Source: AFP & Rugbypass
Sanction threatens Saracens status
Sarries face relegation?
Montpellier table massive deal for Bok
PV: 4081


Andrew Borak is Vice President of Marketing in the Content Distribution division at Viacom Media Networks. In this role, Mr. Borak is responsible for developing integrated marketing programs to drive awareness and brand value for the VMN portfolio of brands (including MTV, Nickelodeon, Comedy Central, BET, Vh1, CMT, Spike, TV Land, etc) as well as the next generation premium network, EPIX.
Mr. Borak and his team collaborate with all traditional and new media distribution partners (including AT&T/DirecTV, Verizon, Comcast, Dish, Hulu, Netflix, Amazon, Sony, etc.) to help drive the partners' business priorities while simultaneously marketing VMN brands' key series and franchises, as well as signature events. Mr. Borak also serves as the TV Everywhere marketing lead across all VMN brands.
Prior to joining Viacom in 2006, Mr. Borak was the Director of Marketing and Corporate Development at The Rail Network, the first digital out-of-home television and radio network for mass transit subway and rail systems. In addition to helping to found the company and positioning it for acquisition by CBS Outdoor Corporation, Mr. Borak was responsible for all day-to-day marketing and communications efforts targeting advertisers, transit authorities, and commuters.
Mr. Borak earned an MBA in Marketing and Strategy from NYU's Stern School of Business and a BA in Communications from the University of Michigan.


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Sebastian E. KaplanOf Counsel510.808.2000EmailBio PDF
Attorney Spotlight
Sebastian E. Kaplan Joins Meyers Nave's Construction Practice and Litigation Practice
Home Professionals Attorneys
Sebastian E. Kaplan
Sebastian Kaplan litigates disputes involving construction, commercial transactions and contracts, intellectual property (copyright, trademark, trade secrets), and policyholder-side insurance. He also counsels clients on new product litigation risks, employment mobility issues, and IP portfolio management.
Sebastian represents clients in federal and state courts and has resolved claims through trial, arbitration, and appeal. He has extensive pre-litigation and pre-trial experience, simultaneously balancing high-stakes litigation with cease and desist disputes, subpoena responses, and numerous commercial disputes. Sebastian has managed document collection in several major litigations that involved complex ESI issues, including identification and forensic collection of documents from mobile devices and collaborative databases.
Sebastian clerked for the Honorable Carlos T. Bea at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit from 2009-2010.
Sebastian frequently writes and speaks on issues of trade secrets litigation, including the Defend Trade Secrets Act, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, and trademark litigation and copyright issues. He is also committed to pro bono homelessness prevention and represents indigent tenants facing eviction. In 2015, Sebastian was awarded the Bar Association of San Francisco's annual Housing Justice Award for first-chairing a four-day unlawful detainer trial.
Represented public construction company in breach of contract and fraud arbitration against former executive; second-chaired two week arbitration, including two direct and one cross-examinations
Prevailed on appeal in a multi-million dollar commercial dispute in which the court found the client offered "the only reasonable interpretation" of a disputed agreement
Defended non-profit organization in breach of contract action; first-chaired four-day bench trial
Represented game developer in $10 million arbitration; settled after favorable ruling on dispositive motions
First-chaired four-day jury trial that settled just before closing arguments
Represented clients bringing and defending against trade secret misappropriation and Computer Fraud and Abuse Act claims
Represented clients in cases involving claims of trademark infringement, trademark dilution, false advertising, cybersquatting, and unfair competition under the Lanham Act and similar state laws
Defended clients against copyright infringement claims
Key member of the team that defended Nimble Storage, Inc. from allegations of trade secret misappropriation and violations of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act brought by competitor NetApp, Inc.
Key member of the team that litigated and settled a complex trademark dispute involving Mexican cleaning products manufacturer, Industrias AlEn S.A. de C.V., and its American subsidiary, AlEn USA LLC, against The Clorox Company regarding infringement and dilution of household cleaning brands
Key member of the team that won provisional relief to enjoin efforts to gather competitive intelligence and trade secret information through pretexting and corporate espionage for SuccessFactors, Inc. against competitor Halogen Software, Inc., and obtained favorable settlement for SuccessFactors
Key member of the team that resolved a software copyright dispute against downstream customers of Chordiant Software, Inc. resulting in favorable settlement of claims
Northern California Rising Star list: Intellectual Property Litigation, Business Litigation, Super Lawyers Magazine (2015-2019)
Outstanding Barrister of the Year, Barristers Club, Bar Association of San Francisco (2015)
Housing Justice Award, Bar Association of San Francisco (2015)
Author, "Stop Saying 'Split the Baby'", Legal by the Bay, Sept. 4, 2018
Author, "Litigating Trade Secrets in Federal Court," San Francisco Attorney Magazine, Sept. 2017
Author, "IP Section Builds Community through Educational and Leadership Opportunities," Legal by the Bay, June 24, 2017
Co-Author, "CFAA Clarity From 9th Circuit," Law360, Aug. 19, 2016
Author, "Ninth Circuit Ruling Clarifies Part of the Data Scraping Debate," Daily Journal, July 18, 2016
Board Member, Bar Association of San Francisco (Jan. 2018-present)
Chair, Intellectual Property Section, Bar Association of San Francisco (Jan. 2017-present)
Presidential Appointee, Advisory Commission to the Standing Committee on Public Education, American Bar Association (Aug. 2016-present)
Director and Founding Member, Jewish Bar Association of San Francisco (March 2015- present)
Director, Justice and Diversity Center Board, Bar Association of San Francisco (Jan. 2015-Dec. 2017)
Vice-Chair, Intellectual Property Section, Bar Association of San Francisco (Jan. 2016-Dec. 2016)
Executive Committee, Intellectual Property Section, Bar Association of San Francisco (Jan. 2013-Dec. 2015)
President of the Barristers Club, Bar Association of San Francisco (Jan. 2013-Dec. 2013)
Director, Barristers Board, Bar Association of San Francisco (Jan. 2012-Dec. 2013)
Past President, Barristers Club of the Bar Association of San Francisco (2013)
Chair, Barristers Club Professional Development Section, Bar Association of San Francisco (March 2007-Dec. 2011)
Stanford Law SchoolJD, 2006,
(Submissions Editor, Stanford Journal of International Law, 2004–2006)
Wesleyan UniversityBA, 2002,
College of Social Studies, cum laude
Professional and Community Affiliations
Unsolicited e-mails do not create an attorney-client relationship and confidential or secret information included in such e-mails cannot be protected from disclosure. Please do not include any confidential, secret or otherwise sensitive information concerning any potential or actual legal matter in your e-mail message. Thank you.


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A Yara internship can be a great opportunity, but don't just take it from us
Meet Andreas
Internship: Ethics and Compliance
Leadership and Change, Master Program, BI Norwegian Business School
"Working in Yara has been really great. My team - in fact most teams at HQ - are made up of many nationalities. It's a terrific way to learn. You get to interact with people from all over the world, which is a huge bonus."
Meet Lene
Internship: HR
Organization and Leadership, Bachelor Program, Inland Norway University of Applied Science
"Yara has given me the opportunity to be part of an inspiring and educational working environment. Through international project-based work, I got to experience the value of modern technology in connecting people across cultures and nationalities. The possibility to challenge theoretical knowledge in a practical setting in Yara provided me with great insight in a diverse and interesting working life."
Meet Safiyyah
Internship: Procurement
Business, Majoring in Logistics, Operations and Supply Chain, Master Program, BI Norwegian Business School
"I pursued my masters in Logistics with the intention of working within the field of humanitarian logistics. To gain knowledge and to use it in helping the community is my goal with my education. Little did I know that the work done within Yara not only suited my educational background, but aligned perfectly with my personal goal.
Responsibly feeding 300 million people on this planet, striving to protect the planet and bringing about a world without hunger with a collaborative society, is a good feeling to wake up to every morning."


Believe me or not, the top of your mattress can somehow change the feel of the whole bed.
So, if you strive to get the most comfortable, coziest bed, you need to know the difference between euro top and pillow top mattresses.
Today, we will look at their peculiarities and see which one would work better for you.
Which One Would Be Best for You?
A pillow top is stitched on top of a mattress. What makes it interesting is the empty space between the mattress and the pillow top along the edges. This actually makes the top layer look like it's just a pillow placed on top of the construction, hence the name.
Now, while pillow tops are always the same size as a mattress (Queen, Twin, King, etc.), their thickness can vary depending on each specific model. The most common pillow top thickness is 3 inches. However, there are beds with thinner pillow tops ( the choice is more limited here, though).
When it comes to the euro top vs. pillow top mattress comparison, the difference is clear thanks to their appearance. Euro top mattresses don't have that flap between the base and the top layer along the edges. This means the euro top part is stitched onto the mattress along the whole surface, making it flush with the edges of the bed.
As for thickness, the euro top is usually 3 inches tall. Again, some manufacturers may choose to make it thicker/thinner, but 3 inches is the most common size.
You already know that the main euro top vs pillow top mattress difference is in the way they are placed on the mattress. Even visually, the difference is obvious: a pillow top looks like a pillow (surprise!) and a euro top makes up a single unit with the rest of a mattress.
When it comes to the euro top vs. pillow top mattress comparison, they both will feel somewhat different even if the same material is used in the top layers.
Some users believe that euro tops provide a more luxurious feel. Others note that pillow tops tend to be more neutral temperature-wise, which is a perfect condition for many people's restful sleep. However, the final choice always comes down to each user's personal preferences.
One important factor you should know is that pillow tops mostly have a consistent feel throughout the entire surface. Such mattresses offer a balanced combination of cushioning and support and have a bit firmer feel.
As for the euro top type, it isn't that consistent. Such mattresses usually feel softer in the middle and firmer closer to the edges. The good news is, this is a perfect option for people who appreciate strong edge support. These mattresses do seem luxurious but have a rather interesting feel.
Of course, you want to know which mattress type is more durable.
The top layer doesn't determine the durability of the whole mattress.
However, you're going to directly interact with the top part much more than with the rest of a mattress, which is why this layer might wear out much faster than the rest of a mattress.
So, the pillow tops usually lose their "puffy" pillow effect within a few years (typically, 5-7 years). In the process of wearing out, they start to flatten, gradually losing the cushioning. As for the euro top mattresses, they tend to be a bit more durable. They might serve you longer than pillow tops, but it's not forever, of course. They will also lose their properties over time, becoming saggy around the edges.
Pillow top and euro top mattresses vary in prices greatly depending on the brand, construction, type, and materials used. However, the top comfort layer does not play a huge part in the overall cost.
This means, when looking at the euro vs. pillow top comparison, none of them wins or loses in terms of the price. It does not depend on the top section type. It depends on the materials used and their quality. It's that simple.
Now that you know all the differences between euro and pillow top mattresses, you might still have doubts which will work for you better. So, let me help by sharing the main points with you.
You want a consistent feel of a mattress throughout the surface.
You are planning to replace it (or at least the top part) within the first few years (5-7 on average).
You don't mind rotating the mattress to prolong its lifespan.
You tend to sleep in the middle of your bed.
You don't need a larger sleeping area or strong edge support.
You want a supportive bed that would feel pleasantly plush.
You hate sleeping hot (because there's a gap between a mattress base and the pillow top, it allows for better airflow and helps your body keep its temperature neutral).
You need a medium-soft surface feel.
You don't care about sleeping hot or cool.
You want a more durable option.
You don't want to bother rotating your mattress regularly.
You appreciate strong edge support.
You want something softer with great contouring abilities.
You share your bed with a partner and need a larger sleeping area.
So, now that you know the difference between these two mattress types, are you ready to make a choice? Which one do you think would work the best for you? Share your opinion in the comments!


The Domain Name is a unique name which is used to identify a network address of any website. Domain name is related to one or more IP addresses. It is the web address for your site that your website visitors will type that domain name in their browser to visit your website. So that we can say that the domain name is also distinguishes you amongst the web addresses on the internet.
The domain extension is a top-level domain name that is governed by registry which stares continuously on the domain registration.
If you are going to choose a domain, then you should think deeply about it whether it is generic Top-Level Domain such as .com, .info, .biz or a ccTLD such as .eu, .es or .com.au. We can register a domain for a term of 1 to 10 years, and some TLDs have the period only for more than 2 to 5 years.
Always be sure for your domain renewal procedures before your domain gets expired. Because some of the domain name can not be renewed after they get expired, and some of them have a time period of one month after the expiry date to renew them. The top-level domain names like .com or .net have thirty days after the expiry date while for some domain names like .eu you have to wait for 30 to 45 days before you can register it again.


text:
New York, University Of California Announce $15 Minimum Wage
By Sam Sanders
Sam Sanders
Published July 22, 2015 at 4:33 PM EDT
In cities across the country, minimum wages have been rising - Los Angeles, Washington, D.C., Seattle - and at businesses, including Wal-Mart and IKEA. Well, today, about 3,000 workers in California got a wage hike and some in New York might get one soon. NPR's Sam Sanders has the latest.
SAM SANDERS, BYLINE: The University of California System announced today that it will increase base pay for employees and contract workers to $15 an hour over the next two years. UC spokesperson Dianne Klein says in California people need the money.
DIANNE KLEIN: Certain areas of California are very expensive to live in and, you know, frankly, the state minimum wage of $9 an hour just doesn't cut it in a lot of places.
SANDERS: And Klein said the UC system needed to take action because some contract workers were being paid less than minimum wage. Klein says the hike will cost the UC system $14 million a year, but she's OK with that.
KLEIN: Is it more expensive? Yes. Often doing right is more expensive, but I think not doing right is more detrimental in the long run.
SANDERS: Today in New York, a panel appointed by Governor Andrew Cuomo recommended the minimum wage for fast food workers in the state be raised as well to $15 an hour. It comes after waves of protests there. The state commissioner of labor can accept, reject or modify the recommendation. In spite of a recent wave of wage hikes throughout the country, there are many voices against them. Business interests say they could lead to employers cutting jobs or businesses moving to places with lower wages. But in New York City, at least, even some business interests think raising fast food worker wages is a good thing.
MARK FARRIS: You know, it's long past due for a minimum wage hike. It's time.
SANDERS: That's Mark Farris. He's president of the New York City Chamber of Commerce. He says 70 percent of members said they support a wage hike in a recent survey. Farris said he's seen that wage increases can actually bring people back into the labor force, and that's good for his members. Sam Sanders, NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
Sam worked at Vermont Public Radio from October 1978 to September 2017 in various capacities – almost always involving audio engineering. He excels at sound engineering for live performances.
See stories by Sam Sanders
Sam Sanders is a correspondent and host of It's Been a Minute with Sam Sanders at NPR. In the show, Sanders engages with journalists, actors, musicians, and listeners to gain the kind of understanding about news and popular culture that can only be reached through conversation. The podcast releases two episodes each week: a "deep dive" interview on Tuesdays, as well as a Friday wrap of the week's news.


Have you seen the old classic "Where the Red Fern Grows"? It's a favorite of mine. Or how about "Anne of Green Gables"?
I'm embarrassed to admit that I haven't seen either of those movies. I'll have to check them out. Thanks!


I just love the ancient parable about the elephant. Six blind men were asked to describe an elephant by touching its body parts. The first man felt its side and described the elephant as a wall, the second man touched its tusk and thought it was a spear, the third man felt its trunk and was confident it was a snake, the fourth touched the knee and believed it was a tree, the fifth felt the ear and thought it was a fan and, finally, the sixth held the tail and assumed the elephant was a rope. None of the blind men was wrong in his analysis because each was perfectly describing the body part he touched and felt.
The problem came from their limited perception – they believed that they understood the situation, which led each of them to a mistaken conclusion. They missed the big picture – they were petting an elephant! The same applies to making data-driven decisions. When we have limited data and information, we don't get the whole picture. And, the same is true in reverse – often when you get the big picture, you miss out on all the parts that go into its creation.
We often say, "Impact is the bottom line of the social sector." But, what does that mean? Impact is the figurative elephant in the room these days. We have been working to break down this important concept and make it real and sustainable for nonprofits. Interestingly, we have found that impact isn't driven by systems. You can buy all the fancy tools and hire evaluation experts, but we have found that impact is best supported by a data-driven culture.
We have spent the last three years studying and working alongside clients on this very question. How can you build an impact culture* that is energized by data, curious to learn, takes deliberate action and embraces change?
Like many things at Social Impact Architects, we always like to transform the most overwhelming content into easy-to-digest information, so we decided to create an Organizational Checklist for an Impact Culture. It is self-scoring, but in general your score should be connected to where you are in the nonprofit lifecycle. Level 1 loosely correlates with the start-up phase; Level 2, the growth phase; and Level 3, the maturity phase. Score on your own or score with your team as a fun self-assessment. Or, try what we do in our workshops: walk through each checklist item and ask everyone to give a thumbs up, thumbs down or thumbs to the side to gauge how embedded these elements are in your culture. Then develop a short Action Plan to address any deficits or use as a guide for Strategic Planning.
We hope you have found this checklist helpful and inspiring as you build an impact culture. In our experience, an impact culture goes beyond mere words and good intentions. It requires deliberate actions at all levels of the organization to encourage, support and implement it. We'd love to hear your thoughts on the checklist and how you measure your organization's impact culture.
* Many have asked us why we use impact management vs. evaluation. Two reasons: first, words matter. How do you feel when you are evaluated? Not good. Second, evaluation doesn't go far enough. When you ask people to define it, it has limiting factors – reactive vs. proactive, success vs. failure, or good vs. bad. To energize people toward management and continuous improvement, we have found that the word evaluation DOES NOT work. And, yes, we have evaluated the word "evaluation," which makes us total geeks.


text:
\section{Introduction}
Hybrid supervision learning on various levels of annotations has shown its effectiveness in various machine learning applications \cite{mlynarski2019deep,thoracic,huang2020rectifying} . However, we find those tasks in computational pathology is more challenging as high resolution ( over 100,000 $\times$ 100,000 pixels ) of whole slide images makes it difficult to conduct end-to-end training of deep learning models, which is challenging to perform weak or hybrid supervision learning research in the past \cite{mlynarski2019deep,thoracic,pei2019multimodal,heng2018hybrid,robert2018hybridnet,he2009learning,shah2018ms}.

To handle aforementioned challenges, a novel hybrid supervision learning framework is proposed for whole slide images classification to distinguish positive or negative. Due to high resolution we can only train deep learning model on patches, and propose a well-designed strategy to modify pixel-level pseudo labels on patches, according to image-level labels: A positive image is guaranteed to contain at least one positive patch, while a negative image shall be entirely pixel-wisely negative. Secondly pixel-level errors, false negatives and false positives, are gathered during pseudo labels generation. We perform re-weighting on pixel-level pseudo labels of patches from positive images, converting false negatives to true positives and false positives. We use hard negatives patches from negative images with a higher sampling ratio to train model, to further convert false positives to true negatives. Because noise tolerant deep learning model can discriminate a pattern as negative if during training it is mostly labeled as negative. As for the few pixel-level annotations, we use them to initialize pre-trained model and to mix a constant ratio in each training batch with pixel-level pseudo labels to regularize training. With such strategy, without end-to-end training, we can make best use of image-level labels, pixel-level fine-grained labels and pseudo labels on unlabeled areas.

The main contributions of our hybrid supervision learning framework is to utilize both the limited amount of pixel-level annotations and the large number of image-level labels. Without end-to-end image-level training, image-level labels are used to refine pseudo labels on the entire training dataset, with well-designed strategy to control false positives and false negatives. We evaluated the framework on a large whole slide images dataset of histopathology. According to experiments results, the hybrid supervision learning shows specificity 8.92\% better than image-level training and 5.2\% better than pixel-level training, while retaining 100\% sensitivity.

\begin{figure}[!t]
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.7\columnwidth]{mixsupervision.png}}
\caption{Illustration of hybrid supervision data, containing 2 types of label. The first expensive and rare type is pixel-level fine-grained labels, contoured by green lines. The second type is image-level labeled images. The rest two images are image-level positive and negative.}
\label{mixsupervision}
\end{figure}

\section{Related work}
For hybrid supervision learning: In most medical image tasks, hybrid supervision is a common data situation, with large amount of clinical reports and small group of segmentation annotations shown in Fig. \ref{mixsupervision}. However focus was mostly given to semi and weak supervision learning \cite{SemiBox,SemiSeg3,Semi5Selftrain2,signet,xie2019self}, defined on single format then to make use of unlabeled images. There exists some achievements related to our framework\cite{mlynarski2019deep,thoracic,huang2020rectifying}. Our framework is different from theirs because end-to-end classification training with entire image input is difficult in whole slide images. Instead only patches are involved in our total pipeline, image-level labels are not directly related to loss calculation. As for computational pathology: Usually the size of one whole slide image is 100,000 $\times$ 100,000 pixels, which is too big to run directly on GPU, therefore most of previous contributions process images in a two-stage manner \cite{shaban2019context,hou2016patch,postrate,nagpal2019development,nature,takahama2019multi,zhou2019cgc,khened2020generalized}. In \textbf{the first stage}, discriminative patches are extracted from whole slide image by specific patch models, in the second stage a whole slide image classifier is trained by the selected patches from first stage.

\section{Hybrid supervision learning for whole slide image classification}

The main objective of hybrid supervision learning is to use image-level labels to refine pixel-level pseudo labels on patches, without the entire huge image input. Pipeline is shown in Fig. \ref{majorpipline} and Algorithm. 1, which involves two stages: patch segmentation, whole slide image classification.

\begin{algorithm}[!t]
\KwData{

$y_{p}$: pixel-level fine-grained label from pathologists.

$\hat{y_{p}},\hat{y_{p+}},\hat{y_{p-}}$: pixel-level pseudo label, from positive and negative images, created by models and image-level labels guided re-weighting.

$y_{i}$: image-level label from clinical reports.

$\theta_{1}$: patch segmentation model initially trained by $y_{p}$, outputs the probability that each pixel of input patch is positive.

$\theta_{2}$: whole slide image classifier, outputs the probability that input whole slide image is positive.

$I$: high resolution whole slide image.

$x$: image patches.

$T$: patch removing threshold.

$V$: re-weighting constant.

$R$: sampling ratio of $y_{p}$, $\hat{y_{p+}}$ and  $\hat{y_{p-}}$ .

$K$: select top K patches as input to train whole slide image classifier.

}
 \While{the model do not converge}{
   \textbf{Stage 1: patch segmentation} \;
   \textbf{E-step: } $\hat{y_{p}}$ $\leftarrow$ $P(y_{p}\bigl| $x$,\theta_{1})$ \;

  Remove those patch $x$ whose maximum pixel-level $\hat{y_{p}}$ in this patch is less than $T$ \;

  \eIf{$y_{i}$ == 1}{
   $\hat{y_{p+}}$ $\leftarrow$ $\hat{y_{p}}$ $\times$ V (pseudo labels)\;
   $\hat{y_{p+}}$ $\leftarrow$ 1.0 if $\hat{y_{p+}}$ \textgreater 1.0 (clip within 1.0, to remain true positive)\;
   $\hat{y_{p+}}$ $\leftarrow$ 0.0 if $\hat{y_{p+}}$ \textless 0.01 (clip to 0.0 if lower than 0.01, to remain true negative which was  slightly scaled up by $V$)\;
   }{
   $\hat{y_{p-}}$ $\leftarrow$ 0 (hard negative labels)\;
  }

  \textbf{M-step: } Retrain patch segmentation model $\theta_{1}$ at proper sampling ratio of $R$ in each training batch, and by pixel-level soft label cross entropy loss = -$\frac{1}{N}$   $\sum_{N}$ $\sum_{ y =  y_{p} \cup \hat{y_{p+}} \cup \hat{y_{p-}}}$ $y \times log P(y_{p} \bigl| x,\theta_{1}) +  (1.0 - y) \times log (1.0 - P(y_{p} \bigl| x,\theta_{1}))$ \;

  \textbf{Stage 2: whole slide image classification} \;

  Select top $K$ patches for each whole slide image according to pixel-level maximum $P(y_{p} \bigl| x,\theta_{1})$\;

  $P(y_{i} \bigl| I,\theta_{2})$ = $\frac{1}{K}   \sum_{K}  P(y_{i} \bigl| x,\theta_{2})$

    Train classification model $\theta_{2}$ by Loss = -$\frac{1}{N}  \sum_{N} y_{i} \times log P(y_{i} \bigl| I,\theta_{2}) +  (1.0 - y_{i}) \times log (1.0 - P(y_{i} \bigl| I,\theta_{2}))$

  \textbf{Convergence criteria}: For each round of stage1, perform stage2 training. Select the round whose stage2 training loss is the lowest, which means the top K patches selected in that round by stage1 is the optimal to fit image-level annotations.

 }

 \caption{Pipeline of hybrid supervision learning.}
\end{algorithm}

A clinically effective system can tolerate false positives for further recheck by pathologists, while false negatives are vital faults for patients. Thus we need to locate the positive patterns in positive images as much as possible, while precluding more negative images. Our goal is to maintaining 100\% sensitivity and pursue higher specificity to reduce workloads. Under this consideration, comparing positive images and negative images, patterns that only exist in positive images shall all be suspicious and at least one patch is responsible for image-level positive diagnosis. Also, negative patterns that exist in negative images, can certainly be regarded as true negative patterns, and positive predictions in negative images can be regarded as hard negative patches. At the same time, it is the fact that collecting negative images is much easier than positive images. With sufficient suppression of various hard negative patches, we give a positive growing tendency to patterns in positive images. Only the confidence of those true positive patterns, not covered by negative patches, will be able to gradually grow up and reach 1.0 eventually. Those noisy false positive introduced by growing tendency will be suppressed by various hard negative patches and higher sampling ratio during deep learning model training.

\begin{figure}[!t]
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.9\columnwidth]{majorpipline.png}}
\caption{The overall pipeline of our hybrid supervision learning for whole slide image. The image-level label guided pixel-level pseudo label generation is iterated in this manner. The gray scale map is the predicted probability map of patch model.}
\label{majorpipline}
\end{figure}

As for pixel-level fine-grained labels $y_{p}$, the best performance is certain if we perform all the pixel-level fine-grained labels for all the positive images, however with limited budget we could just afford a few, whose quantity is significantly smaller than the image-level labels. To involve pixel-level fine-grained labels $y_{p}$ into training, firstly it is used to initialize a pre-trained model $\theta_{1}$, to minimize false positives and false negatives at the beginning. Secondly it consists of a large ratio in each training batch.

To implement our intuition,  shown in Fig. \ref{majorpipline}, we separate large size of whole slide images into patches, then develop an \textit{Expectation-Maximization (EM)}-like method to make full use of three types of annotation: image-level labels $y_{i}$, pixel-level fine-grained labels $y_{p}$ and pixel-level pseudo labels $\hat{y_{p}}$. In the E-step, pixel-level pseudo labels $\hat{y_{p}}$ are firstly created from segmentation confidence map of patches from both positive and negative images. We remove all the patches from both positive and negative images whose maximum pixel-level positive confidence is less than a threshold $T$, to reduce the number of training patches. Provided with image-level labels, we obtain hard negative patches $\hat{y_{p-}}$ from negative images and noisy pseudo labeled positive patches from positive images. Then we multiply a weight $V$ ($V>1$) on noisy pseudo labels in positive patches and clipped withing 1.0, assigning them as $\hat{y_{p+}}$, which transforms false negatives to true positives and false positives, while keeping true positives as the same.  In the M-step, patch segmentation model is then trained on a sampling ratio of pixel-level fine-grained labels $y_{p}$, pseudo labeled positive patches $\hat{y_{p+}}$ and hard negative patches $\hat{y_{p-}}$. For sampling ratio of $y_{p}$, $\hat{y_{p+}}$ and  $\hat{y_{p-}}$ in each training batch, hard negative patches $\hat{y_{p-}}$ shall be much more than pseudo labeled positive patches $\hat{y_{p+}}$ so that if one pattern is both labeled as negative in hard negative patches and positive in pseudo labeled patches, model can still regard such pattern as negative for much higher sampling ratio, which transforms false positives to true negatives. Only those patterns not suppressed by negative patches are possible to be eventually discriminated as positive by models. Such procedure is iterated for several rounds and we evaluate sensitivity and specificity for each to decide when to stop. Loss function in patch segmentation stage is pixel-level soft-label cross entropy loss to deal with both soft pseudo and fine-grained labels.
During whole slide image classification stage, for each super size whole slide image, top $K$ patches with maximum pixel-level probability are the input to image classifier $\theta_{2}$. Average probability is the final image-level confidence to calculate loss with image-level labels. Stage2 training also decides the convergence criteria. We perform stage2 training for each round of stage1 and select that round whose stage2 training loss is the lowest. That means the top K patches selected in this round by stage1 is the optimal to fit image-level annotations in stage2.

\section{Experiments}

\subsection{Experimental setting}
To verify the effectiveness of hybrid supervision learning,we design three experiments of different supervision for comparison: \textbf{image-level}, \textbf{pixel-level} and \textbf{hybrid}. \textbf{Image-level} experiment is applied with source code from Campanella et al \cite{nature}, whose method relies only on image-level labels and searches top $K$ responsible patches for image-level labels. Patch classification model predicts every patch's confidence to be positive, then top $K$ patches are further trained by image-level labels.  It is $K$ = 1 in the released code \cite{nature}. \textbf{Pixel-level} experiment uses all of existing pixel-level fine-grained labels to train patch segmentation model and image-level labels to train whole slide image classification model, without extracting hidden pixel-level pseudo labels. We modified code from Khened et al \cite{khened2020generalized} as our pixel-level baseline. \textbf{Hybrid} experiment makes use of image-level labels, pixel-level fine-grained labels, and pseudo labels which are generated from the first two, as described above. We use normal classification task's evaluation metrics to evaluate the performance including Sensitivity, Specificity, ROC curve and AUC. Higher specificity while retaining 100\% sensitivity is our eventual preference.

\subsection{Implementation details}
Deep learning algorithms are developed by Pytorch1.0 \cite{[pytorch]} along with Openslide \cite{goode2013openslide}. Otsu's \cite{otsu1979threshold} method is performed to quickly extract valid patches that contain tissue. DLA34up and DLA34 \cite{DLA} are the patch segmentation and whole slide image classification models $\theta_{1}, \theta_{2}$ . Re-weighting constant is $V$ = 4.0 for all the experiments. This value only influences the training time, the lower $V$ is, the longer time it will take. $V$ bigger than 4.0 shows no significant improvement in speed. The pixel-wise maximum confidence patch selection threshold $T$ is 0.4. Higher threshold $T$ can exclude some positive images, thus degrades sensitivity. Lower threshold $T$ involves too much patches during training, leading to longer convergence time but nearly the same final performance. Patch size for both of patch segmentation and whole slide image classification is H = 512, W = 512, overlapped 128. For classification top $K$ patches, here we set K as 16. During patch segmentation model training, $R$, sampling ratio of pixel-level fine-grained labels $y_{p}$, pseudo labels $\hat{y_{p+}}$ and hard negative patches  $\hat{y_{p-}}$ is 2:1:7, to allow hard negative patches to overwhelm wrong patterns in noisy positive pseudo labels and keep pixel-level fine-grained labels participating in training procedure. For multi-round iteration, patch model initializes the weights from previous round, not from scratch. For whole slide image classifier, sampling ratio of positive and negative images is 1:1. Finally, the framework iterates to round 2 during experiments. During training each round, patch model is trained 30 epochs while whole slide image classifier is trained 15 epochs.

\begin{table}
\caption{Data distribution and train/test separation of gastric cancer dataset.}
\label{table}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{3pt}
\begin{tabular}{llllll}
\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
 &  Pixel-level & Images  & Images & Total  &  Total\\
Distribution  &   Train  & Train  & Test  & Images & Patients\\
\noalign{\smallskip}
\hline
\noalign{\smallskip}
Positive &  200 patches & 585  & 499  &  1,084&  724 \\
Negative &  0  & 4,096  & 5,714  & 9,810 & 5941\\
Total & 200 patches & 4,681 & 6,213 & 10,894 & 6,665\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{datasep}
\end{table}

\subsection{Dataset}
The dataset is especially developed for the commonly seen gastric cancer with 10,894 whole slide images in total. Data distribution of pixel-level fine-grained labeled patches, positive and negative whole slides, train/test separation are shown in Tab. \ref{datasep}, this ratio 1:9 of positive and negative is approximately the same distribution of clinical daily works. All the slides are automatically scanned by digital pathology scanner Leica Aperio AT2 at 20X magnification (0.50$\mu$m/pixel). The image-level annotation is either `Positive', which refers to low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, and poorly cohesive carcinoma, or `Negative', including chronic atrophic gastritis, chronic non-atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, gastric polyps, gastric mucosal erosion, etc.

\subsection{Results}

Released source code from Campanella et al. \cite{nature} running on our data is the compared image-level baseline for our hybrid supervision learning, which only uses the image-level label for training. This code can produce patch-level classification probability, not pixel-level. Statistically their weak supervision learning on our data achieve 80.40\% specificity while retaining 100\% sensitivity at threshold P = 0.0012. At the same time our hybrid supervision framework can achieve 89.32\% specificity with 100\% sensitivity at threshold P = 0.1000, 8.92\% far more than image-level annotation. These are summarized in Fig. \ref{auc}.

\begin{figure}[!t]
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.9\columnwidth]{fig_ppt.png}}
\caption{ROC curve detail of the three setting. In fact hybrid supervision learning can finally achieve specificity 0.9049 at probability threshold 0.1421.}
\label{auc}
\end{figure}

The reason for this phenomenon is that with image-level labels only, Campanella et al \cite{nature} searches the minimum representative patches responsible for image-level labels, without covering the most positive regions. At the same time our hybrid supervision learning framework is trained on most of positive patches in each positive whole slide image. More positive training samples establish more clear boundary between positive and negative patches, leading to higher specificity and area under curve.

\begin{table}
\caption{Statistics results of gastric cancer dataset.}
\label{table}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{11pt}
\begin{tabular}{llll}
\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
Metrics  &   Hybrid  & Pixel-level \cite{khened2020generalized} & Image-level \cite{nature}\\
\noalign{\smallskip}
\hline
\noalign{\smallskip}
Sensitivity & 1.0000 &  1.0000  & 1.0000 \\
Specificity  &  0.8932  & 0.8412  & 0.8040\\
AUC & 0.9906 & 0.9848 & 0.9705 \\
Threshold & 0.1000 & 0.0041 & 0.0012 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{result1}
\end{table}

In pixel-level training, 200 pixel-level fine-grained labeled big patches are used to train the initial patch segmentation model then select top patches for whole slide images classifier training, without image-level labels guided pixel-level pseudo labels generation. This procedure can be regarded as backbone shared hybrid supervision learning, using existing annotations without extracting pixel-level pseudo labels in image-level positive images. This configuration provided us 84.12\% specificity, 5.2\% lower than hybrid supervision learning, indicating the proposed hybrid supervision learning is better than simple backbones sharing manner. As for thresholds, in test data hybrid supervision learning could reach 0.9049 specificity at threshold = 0.1421, while Pixel-level and Image-level have to use extremely low threshold for 100\% sensitivity, due to less supervision information.

\section{Conclusions}
In this paper we propose a novel hybrid supervision framework especially for whole slide images classification. Without entire image input to do end-to-end classification training. Pixel-level false negatives is prevented by re-weighting on pseudo labels of selected patches from positive images. False positives is suppressed by high training sampling ratio of hard negative patches. With this framework and a few pixel-level fine-grained labeled data, we can properly utilize large amount of image-level labeled whole slide images, train models in segmentation manner, and get much higher performance compared to using single format of annotation only, or just the existing pixel-level fine-grained labels.

 \bibliographystyle{splncs04}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
El municipio de Honey Brook (en inglés: Honey Brook Township) es un municipio ubicado en el condado de Chester en el estado estadounidense de Pensilvania. En el año 2000 tenía una población de 6278 habitantes y una densidad poblacional de 96,5 personas por km².

Geografía
El municipio de Honey Brook se encuentra ubicado en las coordenadas .

Demografía
Según la Oficina del Censo en 2000 los ingresos medios por hogar en la localidad eran de $50 609 y los ingresos medios por familia eran de $57 500. Los hombres tenían unos ingresos medios de $40 970 frente a los $28 404 para las mujeres. La renta per cápita de la localidad era de $19 046. Alrededor del 6,8% de la población estaba por debajo del umbral de pobreza.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades del condado de Chester (Pensilvania)
Municipios de Pensilvania


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As Director of Business Operations, Jennifer oversees the day-to-day activities of VP Aviation. Her primary goal is to ensure that the entire company runs efficiently while the needs of the clients and the production of the team are managed effectively.
Jennifer is somewhat new to the Aviation industry but not to the Operations world. She joined the VP Aviation team in December of 2013 after making a career change from Hospitality Management.
She previously worked in the Hospitality industry, both in Sales and Operations, for 15 years before coming on board with VP Aviation in 2013.
Jennifer holds a Bachelor's in Business Administration with Human Resource Management emphasis from Devry University. Jennifer currently resides in Tampa, FL.