My next infosec conference talk will be at the ISACA Western New York Controls & Compliance conference, on May 7.
Lessons from the Orange Book will be a talk about how the "old" first principles of computer security still apply in the era of the Cloud and IoT.
After I deliver the talk I will blog a summary of it here.
Data centers with thousands of computers in concentrated amounts of floor space do have to expend enormous amounts of energy keeping things cool. Your home data center can almost entirely ignore this issue, except where your computers have to be enclosed.
Server Closet. Or at least, a server IN A closet.
At some point, you will want some of your servers out of sight. Any machine that provides some service via the network without being needed in front of you is a server. Home aesthetics will at some point demand that the thing get out of sight.
Your computer's case has one or more fans that circulate air through it for cooling. The fan draws in room air, heats it some with heat generated by the components operating inside, and then ejects it back into the room. A typical room is large enough to absorb this without moving the needle much on the overall room temperature, so the process can continue more or less indefinitely.
The problem you encounter when putting a computer into a closet is, soon after the door is closed the computer is drawing in and heating already rather-hot air, and the temperature in the closet starts rising. Much over 95F/35C, and you're going to start having components on your system board begin to behave erratically or fail.
So don't let things in there get too hot. Check if it's heating up steadily in there, and open the door a bit if you have to. If you can, add a vent at the bottom of the door, and an exhaust fan or two at the top. If you get a couple of 180mm fans that are designed to be installed is computer cases, you can probably work out how to power them outside a case, and you will find that they are really, really quiet.
Note: however you route your network cables in and out of the closet, be sure the door is not pinching them every time it opens or closes. Eventually, a conductor in there will break and you will get to 1) do a really "fun" troubleshooting session, then 2) shop for a new network cable.
Another thing you will want to avoid during the heating season is letting the air get too dry. If that happens, you will have a tendency to build up static electric charge on yourself as you move around. You can potentially zap your computers when you touch them, damaging random expensive things inside them.
If you can add humidity to your environment, do so. Get the relative humidity to about 50%, give or take 10%. But (and this is important!) do NOT use a misting humidifier, one that sprays droplets into the air to evaporate there. Be sure to use a humidifier that evaporates the water inside it, so the vapor that comes out is pure water. If your humidifier sends droplets of tap water into the air, when the water evaporates, it will let the salts and minerals dissolved in it float down to the surfaces in the room, forming a fine white dust that you will see everywhere. This dust has the potential to short out connections on printed circuit boards, causing all kinds of very expensive havoc.
Also don't let the wiring in your server closet get away from you. Like this guy did.
Every one of us has a data center to care for. Not everyone takes it as seriously as some do.
Point being, what's trivial to you or me is not so trivial to someone. And if that someone is a member of your household then you need to take it seriously, if for no other reason than shalom bayit.
Think about the things a data center does to create a fundamentally good environment for the computers it houses: climate control, power protection, redundancy, fire protection, physical security.
But Kahomono, I hear you saying, my house is not a data center! Oh no? Let's talk about a job I had a few years ago. OK, quite a few years. But still: we were opening a new data center for a major NYC bank. We had three computer rooms: the Mainframe room had 8 IBM 390s. The Time-Sharing room had 4 Honeywell DPS-8s. And the Mini room had about a dozen computers of various makes: Data General, Pr1me, Tandem, Digital. There were also a handful of IBM PCs floating around, with which nobody was very impressed. So let's round up and say that this "Data Center" — and it was surely that — had about 30 computers housed in it.
How many computers in your home now? Do you even know? I can say that in a typical home housing a family of four, you probably have… more than in my 1980's era data center. 40? Maybe close to 50? Consider that your phones and tablets, your set-top boxes, DVRs, gaming consoles, "smart home" controllers and endpoints, not to mention every "smart" appliance you connected to your poor overtaxed WiFi, are all computers at least as powerful and capable as that VAX in our Mini room back in the day. So if you only counted your desktops and laptop computers, you missed the mark by around 90%, is my guess.
Confidentiality: it could leak information about you and your activities that you would rather it didn't.
Availability: you could lose information you don't want to lose. Think emails, tax returns, photos, music collections, movies, saved game progress.
So what do you do about it that doesn't turn you into that guy in the cartoon above? More on that to come.
this post originally appeared on Kahomono – It Means Lucky.
3-2-1 is the watchword for how to do backups. 3 copies, on at least 2 different media, and 1 offsite. I have written about this a lot, as I consider it the most basic of security basics.
If your data is backed up offsite, ransomware can't get to it, fire and flood can't get to it.
Now The Wirecutter has thrown its backup hat into the ring. They might have a few (million) more readers than I do, so I will go ahead and link to them.
I am not a huge fan of their cloud pick, Backblaze. I have tried it and found it to be unacceptably slow. But it's probably the easiest to use for the non-technical user, so my disagreement is little more than a quibble.
I am currently backing up with Duplicati and then syncing my backups to pCloud. Duplicati is awesome but I can tell you: when it comes to ease of use, it's no Backblaze! If you just read that and felt like you were going to enjoy that challenge, I say, go for it.
pCloud is just as easy to use as Backblaze, but it does not offer anything like as much functionality as Backblaze. But it's comparable in price, and if you can handle Duplicati, pCloud won't even make you break a sweat.
Anyway, here's the TL;DR: Make. Your. Damn. Backups!
Nukes Inbound to Hawaii! NOT!
When presented with the much-maligned, "Are you sure?" prompt, the operator did what we all do reflexively.
There's a security lesson here. Stop and take a breath and read all these prompts. Clicking OK automatically is the road to ruin. So many security-sensitive things are prompted like this. You get this one chance to stay safe. Take it.
Randomness is important. You use it in the physical world when you shuffle a deck for a game of cards or roll a D12 for a result in Dungeons & Dragons. But you need it even more in the digital world, and it's more difficult to come by. You need randomness to select one-time-use keys that you share for symmetrical encryption, to select strong passwords or passphrases, to run fair games at things like online poker and casino games.
The problem is, that for all the miraculous things it can do with random input, software is very bad at generating it. Algorithms are deterministic, even if they are designed to be difficult to predict. When you use a function like RAND() in Excel, or get randomized challenges in low-stakes gaming, you're usually getting the output of what's called a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG). The PRNG takes a numerical value, called a seed, and generates a series of new values from it. If the seed is known, then the new values are easy to predict. If the seed is not known, it's a lot more difficult — but not impossible. If you reuse the same seed you get the same sequence. This property can be useful sometimes, for example, if you want to be able to reproduce a series of plays in a game. But mostly, it's a very bad flaw in any process that needs randomness.
PRNGs are fine when it doesn't matter. But when it matters you need to harness the unpredictability of the physical world. One great Internet resource, random.org, uses atmospheric noise to generate its random numbers. At that site, random bits are available anytime you want, in many forms. Some are free and some are available to paid members. It's an important function for the safety of the Internet as a whole, and it's worth supporting.
Another use of physical randomness is in EFF's Dice passphrase scheme. If you read the instructions, you'll see that they really don't want you using a computer — which might be compromised — in any step of the selection of a password/passphrase that matters.
So my New Year's wish to you: keep it random!
Today let's think about how to be safer using the oldest internet application still in common use: email. Email predates the Web by about twenty years. So when young people accuse it of being "for old folks" (meaning, people like me) I have to admit they may have a point. But email is still far and away the best mode of communication for business correspondence, and for the exchange of personal messages longer than 160 characters.
And long before the web, but shortly after the creation of email itself, spam was born. In addition to being annoying, spam can create some information safety issues. So there are two main things I want you to remember when seeing spam in your inbox: use the spam you get to better train your filter, and never click on any links nor open any file attachments.
All modern webmail clients have built-in spam filtering. Personally, I use Gmail to read my mail, even mail from other domains (such as safer-computing.com). The benefit of using an established webmail system as your mail reader is that the provider's spam filters have been exposed to billions and billions of emails, and so they are very well-tuned for a low rate of both false positives (when the filter puts a valid email in the spam folder) and false negatives (when it delivers actual spam to your inbox). The less of either, the happier you are with the result.
You train spam filters by identifying both false positives and false negatives for it. For example, in Gmail, there is a "Report Spam" menu option or button in every non-spam folder and a "Not Spam" button in the spam folder. You should make use of these whenever possible. That means occasionally visiting the spam folder to look for those false positives. The more you do this, the less it will be necessary – because the filters adjust their criteria better to the kind of email you get and even to your subjective tastes about what is and is not spam.
One notable subset of spam you always want to be excluded from are the scams. Disney vacations, prizes in lotteries (that you don't remember entering), gift cards and many more unbelievable windfalls show up in your mailbox by the hundreds each month. As you no doubt know, these are nothing but scams to get your personal information or attempt to extract redemption fees to claim these imaginary prizes. Mark them all as spam.
Phinally, phishing. Phishing is the sending of emails carefully crafted to look like they come from a legitimate organization, such as a bank, a government agency like Social Security or the IRS, or an employer. The typical phishing email will have a message designed to create some sense of urgency, and links crafted to resemble the links to the legitimate website being spoofed. For example, the email may alert you to a credit card fraud attempt, and the links embedded go to chasebank.com (for example). The problem here is, Chase Bank's website is really at chase.com. When you go to chasebank.com, which was created by the scammers, you will indeed find the familiar login screen and so on. When you log in through this screen, you will land on the familiar opening screen of chase.com. However, because you logged in through the scammers' fake page, they've snagged a copy of your ID and password in the process. It is easy to do that and then pass your valid credentials along to the real site, so your experience is the same as usual. The fake login page looks very real because the scammers can easily go to the public pages of the real chase.com and grab copies of all the graphics, fonts, content, style sheets and even a fair amount of the programming code needed to make certain pages look and work the way the real ones do. The result is a presentation that even professionals will have a hard time distinguishing from the real thing. It sounds like a lot of work but it pays very well. One single phishing attack in April netted $495K from a Michigan investment firm. And any given phishing email can go to millions of users at a time.
The lesson here is, never click on links in emails, unless the senders are personally known to you, or for things like password resets that you know you initiated within the past few minutes. Certainly, for financial and government services, you should navigate to their websites by way of known links you have previously saved as bookmarks or stored in secure password-manager records. If you use a search engine to make initial contact with an agency or company, make sure that you skip past the sponsored links and click only on the most relevant non-sponsored one. Phishing emails, like all scams, should be reported to the FBI at https://www.ic3.gov/complaint/.
Whether it's spam or phishing when an email arrives that "wants" you to click on its links, leave it wanting. Especially, never click on "unsubscribe" links in spam email. Doing that simply confirms for the spammers not only is your email address valid, but you actually read their email. They will reward this by showering you with much love. And spam. Well, mostly spam.
Motherboard, a part of Vice magazine, has published a very good Guide to Not Getting Hacked. It's also available as a PDF.
Ultimately the goal of information security is not to protect the information assets absolutely. Protecting anything absolutely is not even theoretically possible. What we're trying to do here is, make the information assets more trouble to attack successfully than they're worth. If stealing a new sprocket design from the engineers at Spacely Sprockets is worth $4 million, then we have to make it cost an expected $4.5 million or more to get. That way, even success is failure for the attacker.
But if preserving that design is worth $4 million to us, we'd be idiots to spend $4.5 million defending it. We could post it on Facebook and save ourselves $500,000.
Threat modeling is really just taking a breath, refusing to panic, and applying all-too-UNcommon sense.


Although ligers have been gone for some 25,000 years, in the new age of globalization, the prospects for a return of the ligers at some time in the near future are high. Therefore, Persons Living In Povert, a topical organizatio seeks to prepare for the return of the ligers and the coming Second Human-Liger War. Just as with Illidan, you are not prepared. Mankind has reaped the seeds of its own destruction by breeding ligers once again.
In order to deal with this upcoming threat, we ask you, people of the world, to trust in us.
One problem faced by Persons Living In Poverty in our efforts to prevent the rise of the ligers at the expense of mankind is the lack of public support. In essence, no one takes us seriously. If Persons Living In Poverty is to be successful in our mission, we need the support of major world governments – particularly the United States, the world's remaining superpower –in the form of social services.


text:
// Copyright (c) 2007-2018 ppy Pty Ltd <contact@ppy.sh>.
// Licensed under the MIT Licence - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ppy/osu-framework/master/LICENCE

using osu.Framework.Caching;
using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers
{
    /// <summary>
    /// A drawable text object that supports more advanced text formatting.
    /// </summary>
    public class TextFlowContainer : FillFlowContainer
    {
        private float firstLineIndent;
        private readonly Action<SpriteText> defaultCreationParameters;

        /// <summary>
        /// An indent value for the first (header) line of a paragraph.
        /// </summary>
        public float FirstLineIndent
        {
            get { return firstLineIndent; }
            set
            {
                if (value == firstLineIndent) return;
                firstLineIndent = value;

                layout.Invalidate();
            }
        }

        private float contentIndent;

        /// <summary>
        /// An indent value for all lines proceeding the first line in a paragraph.
        /// </summary>
        public float ContentIndent
        {
            get { return contentIndent; }
            set
            {
                if (value == contentIndent) return;
                contentIndent = value;

                layout.Invalidate();
            }
        }

        private float paragraphSpacing = 0.5f;

        /// <summary>
        /// Vertical space between paragraphs (i.e. text separated by '\n') in multiples of the text size.
        /// The default value is 0.5.
        /// </summary>
        public float ParagraphSpacing
        {
            get { return paragraphSpacing; }
            set
            {
                if (value == paragraphSpacing) return;
                paragraphSpacing = value;

                layout.Invalidate();
            }
        }

        private float lineSpacing;

        /// <summary>
        /// Vertical space between lines both when a new paragraph begins and when line wrapping occurs.
        /// Additive with <see cref="ParagraphSpacing"/> on new paragraph. Default value is 0.
        /// </summary>
        public float LineSpacing
        {
            get { return lineSpacing; }
            set
            {
                if (value == lineSpacing) return;
                lineSpacing = value;

                layout.Invalidate();
            }
        }

        private Anchor textAnchor = Anchor.TopLeft;
        /// <summary>
        /// The <see cref="Anchor"/> which text should flow from.
        /// </summary>
        public Anchor TextAnchor
        {
            get { return textAnchor; }
            set
            {
                if (textAnchor == value)
                    return;
                textAnchor = value;

                // Todo: This is temporary for now because we don't have an easy way to re-flow the container...
                if (IsLoaded)
                    throw new InvalidOperationException($"{nameof(TextAnchor)} may not change after the {nameof(TextFlowContainer)} is loaded.");
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// An easy way to set the full text of a text flow in one go.
        /// This will overwrite any existing text added using this method of <see cref="AddText(string, Action{SpriteText})"/>
        /// </summary>
        public string Text
        {
            set
            {
                Clear();
                AddText(value);
            }
        }

        public override bool HandleKeyboardInput => false;
        public override bool HandleMouseInput => false;

        public override bool Invalidate(Invalidation invalidation = Invalidation.All, Drawable source = null, bool shallPropagate = true)
        {
            if ((invalidation & Invalidation.DrawSize) > 0)
                layout.Invalidate();
            return base.Invalidate(invalidation, source, shallPropagate);
        }

        protected override void UpdateAfterChildren()
        {
            base.UpdateAfterChildren();

            if (!layout.IsValid)
            {
                computeLayout();
                layout.Validate();
            }
        }

        protected override int Compare(Drawable x, Drawable y)
        {
            // FillFlowContainer will reverse the ordering of right-anchored words such that the (previously) first word would be
            // the right-most word, whereas it should still be flowed left-to-right. This is achieved by reversing the comparator.
            if ((TextAnchor & Anchor.x2) > 0)
                return base.Compare(y, x);
            return base.Compare(x, y);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Add new text to this text flow. The \n character will create a new paragraph, not just a line break. If you need \n to be a line break, use <see cref="AddParagraph(string, Action{SpriteText})"/> instead.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>A collection of the <see cref="SpriteText" /> objects for each word created from the given text.</returns>
        /// <param name="text">The text to add.</param>
        /// <param name="creationParameters">A callback providing any <see cref="SpriteText" /> instances created for this new text.</param>
        public IEnumerable<SpriteText> AddText(string text, Action<SpriteText> creationParameters = null) => AddLine(new TextLine(text, creationParameters), true);

        /// <summary>
        /// Add an arbitrary <see cref="SpriteText"/> to this <see cref="TextFlowContainer"/>.
        /// While default creation parameters are applied automatically, word wrapping is unavailable for contained words.
        /// This should only be used when a specialised <see cref="SpriteText"/> type is requried.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="text">The text to add.</param>
        /// <param name="creationParameters">A callback providing any <see cref="SpriteText" /> instances created for this new text.</param>
        public void AddText(SpriteText text, Action<SpriteText> creationParameters = null)
        {
            base.Add(text);
            defaultCreationParameters(text);
            creationParameters?.Invoke(text);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Add a new paragraph to this text flow. The \n character will create a line break. If you need \n to be a new paragraph, not just a line break, use <see cref="AddText(string, Action{SpriteText})"/> instead.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>A collection of the <see cref="SpriteText" /> objects for each word created from the given text.</returns>
        /// <param name="paragraph">The paragraph to add.</param>
        /// <param name="creationParameters">A callback providing any <see cref="SpriteText" /> instances created for this new paragraph.</param>
        public IEnumerable<SpriteText> AddParagraph(string paragraph, Action<SpriteText> creationParameters = null) => AddLine(new TextLine(paragraph, creationParameters), false);

        /// <summary>
        /// End current line and start a new one.
        /// </summary>
        public void NewLine() => base.Add(new NewLineContainer(false));

        /// <summary>
        /// End current paragraph and start a new one.
        /// </summary>
        public void NewParagraph() => base.Add(new NewLineContainer(true));

        public TextFlowContainer(Action<SpriteText> defaultCreationParameters = null)
        {
            this.defaultCreationParameters = defaultCreationParameters;
        }

        protected virtual SpriteText CreateSpriteText() => new SpriteText();

        internal SpriteText CreateSpriteTextWithLine(TextLine line)
        {
            var spriteText = CreateSpriteText();
            defaultCreationParameters?.Invoke(spriteText);
            line.ApplyParameters(spriteText);
            return spriteText;
        }

        public override void Add(Drawable drawable)
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Use {nameof(AddText)} to add text to a {nameof(TextFlowContainer)}.");
        }

        internal virtual IEnumerable<SpriteText> AddLine(TextLine line, bool newLineIsParagraph)
        {
            // !newLineIsParagraph effectively means that we want to add just *one* paragraph, which means we need to make sure that any previous paragraphs
            // are terminated. Thus, we add a NewLineContainer that indicates the end of the paragraph before adding our current paragraph.
            if (!newLineIsParagraph)
                base.Add(new NewLineContainer(true));

            return AddString(line, newLineIsParagraph);
        }

        internal IEnumerable<SpriteText> AddString(TextLine line, bool newLineIsParagraph)
        {
            bool first = true;
            var sprites = new List<SpriteText>();
            foreach (string l in line.Text.Split('\n'))
            {
                if (!first)
                {
                    Drawable lastChild = Children.LastOrDefault();
                    if (lastChild != null)
                        base.Add(new NewLineContainer(newLineIsParagraph));
                }

                foreach (string word in SplitWords(l))
                {
                    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(word)) continue;

                    var textSprite = CreateSpriteTextWithLine(line);
                    textSprite.Text = word;
                    sprites.Add(textSprite);
                    base.Add(textSprite);
                }

                first = false;
            }

            return sprites;
        }

        protected string[] SplitWords(string text)
        {
            var words = new List<string>();
            var builder = new StringBuilder();

            for (var i = 0; i < text.Length; i++)
            {
                if (i == 0 || char.IsSeparator(text[i - 1]) || char.IsControl(text[i - 1]))
                {
                    words.Add(builder.ToString());
                    builder.Clear();
                }

                builder.Append(text[i]);
            }

            if (builder.Length > 0)
                words.Add(builder.ToString());

            return words.ToArray();
        }

        private Cached layout = new Cached();

        private void computeLayout()
        {
            var childrenByLine = new List<List<Drawable>>();
            var curLine = new List<Drawable>();
            foreach (var c in Children)
            {
                c.Anchor = TextAnchor;
                c.Origin = TextAnchor;

                if (c is NewLineContainer nlc)
                {
                    curLine.Add(nlc);
                    childrenByLine.Add(curLine);
                    curLine = new List<Drawable>();
                }
                else
                {
                    if (c.X == 0)
                    {
                        if (curLine.Count > 0)
                            childrenByLine.Add(curLine);
                        curLine = new List<Drawable>();
                    }
                    curLine.Add(c);
                }
            }

            if (curLine.Count > 0)
                childrenByLine.Add(curLine);

            bool isFirstLine = true;
            float lastLineHeight = 0f;
            foreach (var line in childrenByLine)
            {
                bool isFirstChild = true;
                IEnumerable<float> lineBaseHeightValues = line.OfType<IHasLineBaseHeight>().Select(l => l.LineBaseHeight);
                float lineBaseHeight = lineBaseHeightValues.Any() ? lineBaseHeightValues.Max() : 0f;
                float currentLineHeight = 0f;
                float lineSpacingValue = lastLineHeight * LineSpacing;

                foreach (Drawable c in line)
                {
                    if (c is NewLineContainer nlc)
                    {
                        nlc.Height = nlc.IndicatesNewParagraph ? (currentLineHeight == 0 ? lastLineHeight : currentLineHeight) * ParagraphSpacing : 0;
                        continue;
                    }

                    float childLineBaseHeight = (c as IHasLineBaseHeight)?.LineBaseHeight ?? 0f;
                    MarginPadding margin = new MarginPadding { Top = (childLineBaseHeight != 0f ? lineBaseHeight - childLineBaseHeight : 0f) + lineSpacingValue };
                    if (isFirstLine)
                        margin.Left = FirstLineIndent;
                    else if (isFirstChild)
                        margin.Left = ContentIndent;

                    c.Margin = margin;

                    if (c.Height > currentLineHeight)
                        currentLineHeight = c.Height;

                    isFirstChild = false;
                }

                if (currentLineHeight != 0f)
                    lastLineHeight = currentLineHeight;

                isFirstLine = false;
            }
        }

        protected override bool ForceNewRow(Drawable child) => child is NewLineContainer;

        internal class NewLineContainer : Container
        {
            public readonly bool IndicatesNewParagraph;

            public NewLineContainer(bool newParagraph)
            {
                IndicatesNewParagraph = newParagraph;
            }
        }

        internal class TextLine
        {
            public readonly string Text;
            internal readonly Action<SpriteText> CreationParameters;

            public TextLine(string text, Action<SpriteText> creationParameters = null)
            {
                Text = text;
                CreationParameters = creationParameters;
            }

            public void ApplyParameters(SpriteText spriteText)
            {
                CreationParameters?.Invoke(spriteText);
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Schools K-12 – Are Teachers Cheating to Boost School Rankings?
The debate over the No Child Left Behind Act and its repercussions on school rankings continues ad infinitum, with proponents and opponents of the bill utilizing deafening amounts of lung power either criticizing the bill or extolling its virtues. In the midst of all this uproar, a quiet and disturbing phenomenon has crept into the school system. School staff members have been caught manipulating test scores in an effort to boost their school rankings. Instances have been reported from New Jersey and Westminster; and although one hopes these are just isolated manifestations of teacher's attempts to keep their schools from closure due to failing school rankings, you can't help but get a sneaky suspicion that this is just the tip of the proverbial iceberg. In New Jersey efforts are already underway to flag schools that suddenly record a rise in school rankings based on standardized test scores and New York is considering similar measures.
There are several methods that can be used to boost flagging school rankings, and the media has done its bit to highlight some of them. In Camden, for instance, The Philadelphia Enquirer found that one school that had been languishing at the bottom in math test scores for fourth graders suddenly found itself at the top of the school rankings for 2005. The official version attributed to this seemingly miraculous boost in school rankings was "adult interference." In other word a friendly nudge from school staff. In another instance, a closer look at hundreds of math test papers at one Long Island school revealed that an entire column of wrong answers had been substituted with the right ones in each paper.
This phenomenon of tinkering with test papers to reflect higher performances on standardized tests that are the backbone of the school ranking system is nothing new. Authorities have known for years that something like this is not just possible but easy to do and have suspected that many teachers might indulge in underhanded tactics in an effort to plump up their school rankings. It's only now however that school boards are waking up to the potential enormity of the problem and working on ways to check the system for flaws.
Some analysts say these increasing occurrences of manipulations of test scores are a direct result of a flawed education system in which the teacher and the schools are made to held liable for a school's flagging rankings. Lowered school rankings and the resulting reassignments that teachers face are like a sword hanging over their heads. And because the people who stand to lose so much through low school rankings are also the ones in control of testing, there's enough reason to worry that these instances of cheating are not isolated cases, but symptoms of a deeper rooted cancer in the system.


text:
Morozî (în ) este un sat în comuna Ozera din raionul Kobeleakî, regiunea Poltava, Ucraina.

Demografie

Conform recensământului din 2001, majoritatea populației localității Morozî era vorbitoare de ucraineană (%), existând în minoritate și vorbitori de rusă (%).

Note

Morozî, Ozera, Kobeleakî, Poltava
Morozî, Ozera, Kobeleakî, Poltava
Morozî, Ozera, Kobeleakî, Poltava

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
home : opinion : e-opinion January 20, 2022
The True American Patriot Is Waking Up!
Each individual is entitled to their opinion as I am entitled to mine.
Be clear.... I did not like the Trump tweets or the ugly name calling; however, I did prefer his policies and the platform he campaigned on as opposed to Biden.
In approximately 10 weeks, I will be 76 years old and I have followed Biden's political career and because of his "do nothing" 50 year political career, I could not in good consequence vote for a man who had earned the reputation of being a pathological liar. This is common knowledge and the lying started very early in his life... plagiarized in school... lied about having 3 degrees.... lied about graduating at the top of his law class... also lied when he said he did not have any knowledge of his son Hunter Biden's shady dealings with Russia, China, Ukraine, and other foreign/communist countries. Just google Tony Bobulinski, the Biden ex-business partner of the Biden's and he will tell you about the Biden family.
I knew Biden had had two brain aneurysms... one which had to be surgically removed from his brain which apparently has left him with cognitive issues. His cognitive issues are obvious when he forgets in what state he is in or he wonders off the sidewalk into the grass and a security agent had to direct him back to the sidewalk ... and on one occasion when he was speaking at one of the few rallies he held when he finished his speech he just stood there as if he was lost and his wife Jill walked back toward him and called his name twice.. he turned to look at her and she motion for him to follow her. Then of course there was the incident where he was taking the steps to Air Force 1 and stumbled up the steps ... not once but three times. President Biden rarely takes questions from the press and when he does he takes out a piece of paper and says... "they" gave me this with the names of the ones I am suppose to call on for questions. On other occasions after Biden has addressed the public he will say, "they" told me not to take questions ...he turns his back and walks away... I find that very concerning. Who is really the POTUS???
You do know that Trump was laughed at and made fun of by many top democratic officials and by the liberal news networks when he announced he was a candidate for the presidency. The laughter and the mockery began with comments such as "He will never become President" and when he was elected President they could never accept it...they could not believe they lost... even today Hillary Clinton says the election was stolen from her. The liberal news media outlets and the top democratic officials did not like eating "crow" so they immediately went to work and were obsessed with trying to get Trump out of office... for four long years they did nothing except bash and conduct investigation after investigation on Trump and those in his administration. Of course it has been proven that Trump did not collude with the Russians as he was alleged to have done. Just in the last few days the John Durham investigation has found several individuals involved with Hillary Clinton and her campaign to have lied to the FBI and they have been charged.. there are others to be charged as well. The dirt they were pushing about Trump actually was fabricated.
Are you beginning to get the picture ... can you not understand the frustration and anger the Trump supporters were feeling on January 6th... can you not realize their anger was a build up of four plus years of watching the person they voted for being lied about and dragged through the mud and continually referred to as an illegitimate president... can you not see that because of all this there are many who do not have any confidence at all in the election process. Joseph Stalin, a communist, said this, "Those who cast the vote decide nothing.. those who count the votes decide everything." I would say there are millions who would agree with that quote by Stalin.
Hillary Clinton admired Saul Alinsky and she appreciated his stance on many issues. Here are two of Alinsky's philosophies:
Control healthcare and you control the people.
Never let a crisis go to waste. Folks does that sound familiar?
Now here is a quote from Hillary Clinton... "We are going to take things away from you on behalf of the common good." Another quote by Joseph Stalin, a communist, "We do not let them have ideas.. why would we let them have guns". Here is another quote from a well known communist, Vladimir Lenin, "The goal of socialism is communism."
Is it becoming clearer and clearer to you why the American patriot is getting fed up with the nonsense that has been on display in many of our political leaders for a long, long time.... to many the Capitol building isn't anything more than a pile of stone, mortar, concrete, wood., etc., .. just a building ...why do they feel that way? It is because they have lost respect for those who walk the halls of that building. The American people are not ignorant... they are well aware of the direction this country is headed.
Here are several other quotes for you to think about.
"Generally the Constitution is a charter of negative liberties."
"I think when you spread the wealth around it is good for everybody."
If they bring a knife to a fight then we will bring a gun."
Those three quotes are from former President Obama... sounds like something a Marxist socialist would say. Let me say again.. The American people are not stupid! Can you see and feel the anger building?
January 6th was a build up of many years of watching the hard working, taxpaying middle class being forgotten and deep down they knew Biden was only going to make that worse for them ... and this tax bill the Dems are pushing is only going to create a trickle down effect and hurt the middle class.. the rich have loopholes to avoid paying taxes so instead of raising the tax rate on the rich and corporations why doesn't Biden do something about the loopholes that favor the rich????... CLOSE THEM!!! There are all sorts of "free" government programs for the poor and what is there for the middle class??? They get nothing but taxes and more taxes.. not fair. January 6th was not about overturning the election...they knew that was never going to happen... it was a buildup of years and years of anger and frustration and believing Biden, a career politician of 50 years who had a "do nothing political career record" would put into place policies that would destroy our republic.. .. now look at the mess Biden has created and he has been in office only eight months... how he handled the withdrawal from Afghanistan was a complete debacle... gave the Taliban control of the perimeter around the Kabul Airport which ultimately cost the lives of 13 of our young military service members.... a southern border that is wide open and the Head of Homeland Security, Alejandro Mayorkas, standing up and publicly saying the border is closed.. that is not true.... does he think the American people are stupid??? Illegals and foreigners are being treated better than many of this country's legal citizens... Illegals given free food.. free housing... free health care.. free education. The needs of the American citizens should be put first.
The liberal socialist are now pushing for CRT to be taught in our schools... this curriculum pits race against race and promotes hate. No individual should be taught they are an oppressor and no individual should be made to feel they are a victim. Why stir the pot of racism.., it seems that now when something happens no matter what it is there is someone crying racism... it is beyond disgusting. Blacks are killing each other every week in democratic run cities such as Baltimore, Chicago, Detroit and other large cities and there is silence. You have a few bad cops in a group of millions upon millions of good cops and people go absolutely crazy.
Are you finally getting the picture as to why there was an uprising of individuals who are totally... I repeat... totally fed up with a group of government officials who openly display a "care less" attitude about the legal citizens of this country?
On and on I could go but enough is enough for now.
My comment is quite lengthy yet very simple to understand. Thank you for taking the time to read my letter to the editor.
Linda Chambers
Former Lincolnton Resident
---The views and opinions expressed in this "Letter to the Editor" are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Lincoln Herald.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Ancient man and modern heroes.
The world is no longer joyful. We stand on the edge of an abyss: because we have lost the ability to listen to our eons-old mind, the inner self that was once in harmony with nature and God. So how to save ourselves?
By living a life of passion, dreams and challenges. By striving towards the impossible without fear of death or folly. Just as racers do: from Alex Zanardi to Doctor Costa's beloved 'centaurs' of the World Motorcycling Championship, these modern-day heroes achieve feats that echo the fantastic tales we once listened to as children. And only by heeding these modern tales can we hope to overcome the technology that oppresses us, regain happiness through sentiment, not reason, and re-conquer with our hearts a place in paradise lost.
People sometimes do things without even realising it. Or, rather, they do certain things in the belief they're doing others. And these odd short-circuits of intention occasionally produce something to be treasured. This is exactly what happened when Costa and Zanardi decided to write a book together. Alex's humour and straightforward speech was intended to dilute Claudio's philosophy and cynical realism to give us a balanced vision of the world, first in the dark shades painted by the doctor, then in the lighter tones of the champion. Then there would be stories, presented almost as fairy tales, of those - the riders and racing drivers - that offer us an escape route, salvation from a menacing scenario. This initial idea spontaneously generated much more: a book in which two men of talent and humanity reveal their inner sentiments, giving the reader insights into the minds of two fascinating people. Claudio Costa is the man who only feels alive when his riders need him, only when the adrenalin of urgency floods through him. The rest is boredom, because everything – or nearly everything – is all too clear to him. Yet his passionately-told tales offer the lacklustre life of the man in the street a much-needed injection of awareness, an invigorating dose of oxygen. Alex Zanardi is the man who died and arose. And now, although physically handicapped, he still beats the world's best touring car drivers (and has consequently become an inspiring example for anyone who has been hit by misfortune and is on the point of giving up). To see how he achieves this read page 127: childhood frustration was transformed into the adult willpower of a man determined to bring himself back to life. Today, more than ever, it is stories such as these we need to listen to.


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Q: Is two-factor ANOVA without replication appropriate for my application? I want to analyze results from a computer simulation in which I will vary two factors:  (1) fan location, and (2) fan flow rate.  After the simulation, I will query the results for gas concentrations on a reference plane located 1" above the perforated tank lid.  At the end of five minutes of fan operation, I will calculate the % of the reference plane with a gas concentration > 50 ppm.  I am using six fan locations and three flow rates.  The data for a particular moment in time will look something like this:
Loc, A,  B,  C
1,  30, 45, 30
2,  25, 35, 25
3,  20, 25, 20
4,  20, 25, 20
5,  25, 35, 25
6,  30, 45, 30

Where Loc is fan location; A, B, C are different flow rates; and the numeric values represent the percentage > 50 ppm.
I want to analyze this data to determine (using alpha = 0.10):
(1) does varying fan location have a significant effect on the % > 50 ppm?
(2) does varying the fan flow rate at a particular location have a significant effect on the % > 50 ppm?
Is a two-factor ANOVA without replication appropriate for this?  Or is there something else I should consider?  Ideally, I'd like to end up with grouping information that shows differences in location and flow rate.

A: The beta distribution is an appropriate reference distribution (among others) when modeling a response variable of percentages / proportions. Here's r code for a dummy-coded beta regression:
require(betareg);summary(betareg(Y~Loc+Flow,data.frame(Loc=factor(rep(1:6,rep(3,6))),
Flow=rep(letters[1:3],6),Y=c(30,45,30,25,35,25,20,25,20,20,25,20,25,35,25,30,45,30)/100)))

And here's the output:
Standardized weighted residuals 2:
    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max
-2.3951 -1.1639  0.0484  1.2699  2.2492

Coefficients (mean model with logit link):
              Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) -7.884e-01  4.501e-02 -17.515  < 2e-16 ***
Loc2        -3.116e-01  5.518e-02  -5.646 1.64e-08 ***
Loc3        -6.744e-01  5.796e-02 -11.636  < 2e-16 ***
Loc4        -6.744e-01  5.796e-02 -11.636  < 2e-16 ***
Loc5        -3.116e-01  5.518e-02  -5.646 1.64e-08 ***
Loc6         7.932e-17  5.362e-02   0.000        1
Flowb        4.859e-01  3.994e-02  12.164  < 2e-16 ***
Flowc       -1.055e-16  4.178e-02   0.000        1

Phi coefficients (precision model with identity link):
      Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(phi)   1030.9      343.5   3.001  0.00269 **
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Type of estimator: ML (maximum likelihood)
Log-likelihood: 51.57 on 9 Df
Pseudo R-squared: 0.9622
Number of iterations: 29 (BFGS) + 4 (Fisher scoring)

One other thing worth considering: if your locations and flow rates are ordered, it might be better to use penalized beta regression to take advantage of that additional information. With the data you've included, there may be no need for smoothing though, since there doesn't seem to be much error.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Homepage»War News»Bashar al-Assad, Syria, and the truth about chemical weapons
Bashar al-Assad, Syria, and the truth about chemical weapons
By USAHM-News on December 7, 2012 /
London Independent
The bigger the lie the more people will believe it. We all know who said that – but it still works. Bashar al-Assad has chemical weapons. He may use them against his own Syrian people. If he does, the West will respond. We heard all this stuff last year – and Assad's regime repeatedly said that if – if – it had chemical weapons, it would never use them against Syrians.
But now Washington is playing the same gas-chanty all over again. Bashar has chemical weapons. He may use them against his own people. And if he does…
Well if he does, Obama and Madame Clinton and Nato will be very, very angry. But over the past week, all the usual pseudo-experts who couldn't find Syria on a map have been warning us again of the mustard gas, chemical agents, biological agents that Syria might possess – and might use. And the sources? The same fantasy specialists who didn't warn us about 9/11 but insisted that Saddam had weapons of mass destruction in 2003: "unnamed military intelligence sources". Henceforth to be acronymed as UMIS.
Coup de théâtre
And now, the coup de théâtre. Someone from the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation called me up this week to talk about the use of chemical weapons by Hafez al-Assad in Hama during the Sunni Muslim uprising in the city in 1982. Their sources were the same old UMIS. But I happened to have got into Hama in February 1982 – which is why the Canadian was calling me – and while Hafez's Syrian army was very definitely slaughtering its own people (who were, by the way, slaughtering regime officials and their families), no one ever used chemical weapons.
Video: What's REALLY Going On In Syria?
If you want to learn what's really going on in Syria, watch this brief interview with U.S. Colonel Lawrence Wilkerson, former chief of staff to Colin Powell, and the guy who wrote Powell's famous speech on Iraqi weapons of mass destruction:
Post tagged: Bashar al-Assad Chemical Syria Truth Weapons
Japan Poised to Shoot Down North Korean Missile
US military to hit targets in Kenya, other African states
Japan Scrambles Fighter Jets To Head Off Chinese Planes
British have invaded nine out of ten countries
Pentagon Requests $49 Million to Build New Gitmo Prison
US Military hopes AI autopilot can replace flight crews


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Regional History Museum - Pazardzhik
Author: ROOMS.bg , 67 metres From Pazardjik. , GPS coordinates: N 42.1906390 E 24.3327239
Pazardjik - 67 metresDebrashtitsa - 12.7 kmPatalenitsa - 14.2 kmVarvara, Pazardjik - 20.4 kmPeshtera - 20.8 kmBratsigovo - 22.9 km
Historical / Museums
Historical Museum in Pazardjik is one of the most popular museum in Bulgaria. He is among the leaders of our country in attendance and is one of the first museums in the country. Created in 1911, and in 2000 became the Regional History Museum. The main mission of the museum quest, recruitment, promotion and preservation of our heritage. Historical Museum is obshtoistorieski profile and is divided into several sections: Archaeology, History of Bulgaria XV-XIX century Ethnography, Modern History, Contemporary History, Foundations and scientific records. In profile Archaeology will meet the moral culture of the region reflected in the pottery of the Stone Age, Middle and Western coins, weapons, ornaments. It is at one of the most complete collection of votive tablets of the Thracian Horseman. The development of the Pazardzhik region in the days of the Renaissance is presented in the original photo documentary exhibition. It traces the involvement of local and in national liberation struggles. You will be able to learn about life, life and moral and spiritual values of local people after the liberation to the mid 20th century. In Lapidarium the museum in chronological order are displayed statues, altars, columns, travel and more. The museum has its own book depository, prints and restoration workshop. You will also find a souvenir stand and information products.
Museum "C. Dospevski" - Pazardzhik - 74 metresCathedral - Pazardzhik - 1.1 kmMuseum of cars of socialism in town. Peshtera - 20.3 kmHistorical Museum - Bratsigovo - 22.8 kmHistorical Museum - Pazardzhik - 24.5 kmCave "Snow White" - Cave - 24.5 km
Family House Saint Nikola, NesebarFamily House Genada, Sveti VlasHotel South Pearl Resort and SPA, SozopolGuest House Fitkar, SozopolBungalow Sunrise, PomorieVilla / house Druma Holidays, Tsigov CharkGuest House Dramchev, NesebarHotel Adena, ChernomoretsGuest apartment PARADISE FROM WOOD, Veliko TarnovoGreen Paradise Deluxe Complex, Primorsko


text:
You are here: Home » Community » About Us » Crofton
Crofton is a community of 2,500 people, nestled into the shoreline of Osborne Bay and overlooking Saltspring Island. Its sloping topography offers dramatic views and panoramic vistas. Historically, the community has undergone significant economic change. In its early days, Crofton was a smelting centre in support of mining on Mt. Sicker. Evidence of the operation is still visible along the shoreline. After the smelter closed, the small harbour provided opportunity for fishing operations. In time, forestry activities and the Crofton Mill became the predominant economic generators.
Crofton has a strong sense of community pride and participation. A great example is the Crofton Community Centre Society, a volunteer organization in existence since 1951. Its objectives include engaging in charitable, recreational and social programs for Crofton, and surrounding area. The Society (among others), has been working to emphasize links to the Crofton waterfront. Through projects such as the Museum, the newly-completed Seawalk, and other activities, the goal is to produce an active and vibrant waterfront.
In 1998, a wastewater treatment plant was constructed. Through collaboration with Catalyst Paper Corporation (and its predecessors) the community has excellent-quality water. These important infrastructure investments have contributed to the growth of this interesting and colourful community which has all the amenities necessary for a complete community.
On August 19, 2015, Council adopted the Crofton Local Area Plan Bylaw No. 3580. Thank you to all the Crofton Community members and businesses for being a part of this process.
Maple Bay
Amenities and Regional Services
Animal Responsibility
Backyard Burning & Air Quality
Corridor Safety Office
Curbside Collection Services
eALERT
Special Events Planning
Utilities & Residential Services
Waste Wizard & Acceptable Recyclables
Water & Sprinkling Restrictions
Download North Cowichan Apps for your iPhone/iOS and Android mobile devices!
Curbside Collection App
View schedules, receive reminders, and use our Waste Wizard to learn how to dispose of other waste.


text:
International Journal of Interdisciplinary Environmental Science
URL: /core/journals/environmental-conservation
FirstView
EC Perspectives
Only show content I have access to (13)
Over 3 years (156)
Volume 2 - Winter 1975
Eight Thousand Million People by the Year 2010?
Paul R. Ehrlich, John P. Holdren
World Call for Action
N. P.
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 August 2009, p. 161
Man's Place on Earth
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 August 2009, p. 2
Biospheric Stability and the Stratosphere
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 August 2009, p. 81
Main Papers
The Ecological Types of Space That We Need
Constantinos A. Doxiadis
View extract
What we need now is to find the balance required between all types of space from the ecological point of view. A great danger for food production is being created by the expanding human settlements. As soon as commercial forms of energy and machines enter our settlements, they start to expand at a much greater rate than does the growth of the settlement's propulation and economy. As the growing settlements need to add a lot of industry and many big buildings, their expansion is not directed towards mountainous areas but occurs chiefly on the plains. It is here that the best soils usually lie: thus urban growth means profligate elimination of agricultural land.
This is not an immediate problem for tomorrow, in terms of days; but it is a very big problem in terms of years and decades, as agricultural land covers a very small percentage of the total global surface and we cannot afford to lose it. The danger is very great and we must act quickly if we are to avoid it.
This need for action has led me to classify twelve zones of land-use with the ultimate goal of reaching a Global Ecological Balance (G.E.B.) and the immediate goals of saving land for agriculture and food production, of conserving the environment, and of giving a boost to the dying flora and fauna.
Conservation and Development*
Duncan Poore
Nations face three challenges in the modern world: to ensure the greatest welfare for their people; to make wise use of natural resources; and to do these things in such a way that they contribute to a solution that makes sense for the whole world. To face these challenges requires a high degree of international cooperation and a clear-thinking, unemotional approach.
Hitherto the bank of natural capital has been treated as though it were income; this is the antithesis of wisdom. In the future, natural resources should be used so as to get the greatest immediate benefit that is consistent with keeping open a range of choices and maintaining natural capital intact.
To be successful in this endeavour, ecological guidelines must be applied in the planning and use of natural resources. The depletion, or restoration, of natural capital, should be fully represented in calculations of costs and benefits, in order that what is good land-use is also seen to be profitable. Where the link between these two qualities is not evident, great political skill may be necessary in presenting proposals for the use or rehabilitation of natural resources. The final challenge is to reassess the values of societies and not to accept blindly those which have become customary—particularly if this has happened through their provision of short-term benefits.
The Turning-point: Towards a New Ideology?
N. V. C. P.
Rights of EARTHCARE: A Petition
Short Communications: Reports, Comments, News, Notes
Association of Environmental Coordinators Founded
The United Nations Environment Programme: Changes at the Top
Progress or Catastrophe: Whither Our World?*
Maurice F. Strong
It is my intention, in the following remarks, first to review briefly the present state of the environment as a world issue in relation to the other major issues which, today, bear upon the prospects for the human future. Secondly, I would like to advance the premise that it is possible to think positively about the human future and to point up some of the principal elements which I believe will be necessary to make that positive vision of the future a reality.
The environmental issue has evolved rapidly in the less-than-three years since the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, which was held in Stockholm, Sweden, in June 1972. Most notably—and largely as a result of what we nowadays commonly refer to simply as 'Stockholm'—it has become a truly global issue in the sense that virtually all governments and peoples throughout the world have now acknowledged it as an issue of importance to themselves, and have taken at least the first steps to establish national environmental policies and machinery to carry them out. In the developing countries in particular, there has been a literal explosion of interest based primarily on the larger concept of environment and its relationship to development which emerged from the Stockholm Conference.
The Lessons of Climatic History
Reid A. Bryson
Studies of past climates show unequivocally what can happen to our atmospheric environment. From climatic history we can learn several very specific lessons.
The climate can change rapidly. Major climatic changes, such as the change from glacial to non-glacial conditions, can occur in a few centuries, even though the adjustment of biota and the wasting of continental ice-sheets may take longer. Smaller changes may take only decades.
Changed climatic states may persist for centuries or millennia. While the climatic excursion of this century appears to have lasted half-a-century or so, the 'little ice-age' was at least three centuries long (roughly 1550–1850 A.D.), a North American drought period lasted two centuries, and there was a monsoon failure of seven centuries. These have all been recorded in the evidence of Nature.
Climatic changes may occur in different senses in different parts of the world. This paper has outlined several cases where cooling in the sub-Arctic was associated with reduced rainfall or increased frequency of failure of the monsoon, and a case in which drought in North America was concomitant with wet weather in western Europe.
The climate we think of as normal is quite abnormal by the standards of the past few centuries, and the magnitude of the change since 1945 is significant by comparison with similar changes in the past.
Combining the nature of the recent climatic change with the present narrow margin of world food-grain reserves, an urgent need to consider and react to the possibility of continued climatic variation is indicated.
Sir Julian S. Huxley, 1887–1975
Recommendations by Pacem in Maribus V to the U.N. Conference on the Law of the Sea
Elisabeth Mann Borgese
Pacem in Maribus once again stressed that an ocean regime must encompass the oceans as a whole and be considered as a sub-system of the entire global system. Jurisdictional decisions, including those affecting the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), must reflect that paramount concern. It is not a matter of geographical realignment or of partition; marine ecosystem do not correspond to political demarcations. Nor is mankind, for which the concept of the common heritage is prescribed, confined to coastal states or to the present generation.
In its discussions and studies, Pacem in Maribus has consistently stressed the significance of rapid scientific and technological developments which have radically changed the nature of many conventional uses of the sea and call for management as the only alternative to conflict and possible disasters. In its commitment to an Ocean Space Authority rather than to an International Sea-bed Authority, Pacem in Maribus contends that activities on the sea-bed cannot be dissociated from activities in the water-column, at the surface, and at the atmospheric interface; that the sea-bed must become part of an integrated management system for ocean space; and that claims to national jurisdiction carry a surrogate responsibility in that management.
Pacem in Maribus contends that any Law of the Sea which does not respect and embody these overriding considerations will prove to be ineffective if not inoperable.
A Comment on our Guest Editorial
Winston Churchill Memorial Trust: Travelling Fellowship Grants
A. Seagrim
Inland Waterways—A New Environmental Dimension
Frederic Doerflinger
Inland waterways provide more opportunities for the conservation and improvement of the environment and the provision of amenity, sports, and recreation, facilities than do any other means of transport. The demand for more space for leisure pursuits is world-wide, and is accompanied by a growing appreciation of the need for environmental quality and conservation of Nature in catering for this demand. Thus in seeking solutions to related leisure, environmental, energy, and transport problems, authorities everywhere are coming to recognize the unique potential of inland water in meeting the concerns and wishes of modern society.
Britain, with an unparalleled exclusively amenity waterways network, leads the world in the amenity development and utilization of inland waterways. The United States is broadening its objectives to encompass amenity development within the framework of traditional commercial-priority development of its waterways. Canada has launched the most sweeping and spectacular amenity waterway corridor development in history. France has begun actively to promote 'tourisme fluvial', while the Netherlands is progressing with integrated planning to harmonize the interests of commercial navigation with recreation and Nature conservation. The projected waterways link between the North and Black Seas has fostered amenity waterway development by all states along the Danube. Russia, too, is beginning to cater to the requirements of increasing numbers of water-oriented leisure seekers. Many other countries, including Portugal, are looking to the development of navigable waterways for leisure pursuits to help solve mounting national problems.
Population Explosions of Acanthaster planci and Associated Destruction of the Hard-coral Cover of Reefs of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Robert Endean, William Stablum
Population explosions of the Crown-of-thorns Starfish, Acanthaster planci, first reported on reefs of the Great Barrier Reef in the Cairns region near lat. 17° S during the early 1960s, have since spread to numerous other reefs. The spread has been predominantly southwards, the principal region of infestation currently lying between lat. 19° S and lat. 19°20' S. South of this region, scattered infestations of reefs have recently been reported. Available data indicate that most reefs in the middle third of the Great Barrier Reef were infested during the last decade, and it is postulated that most reefs in the southernmost third will be infested during the next decade.
The bulk of the hard-coral cover of most of the inner platform reefs infested, and a lower but significant percentage of the hard-coral cover of the outer platform reefs affected by the infestations, have been devastated. Recovery of devastated reefs is in progress but is slow.
The A. planci infestations appear to the authors to be man-induced, and it is suggested that international action be taken to assess the magnitude of the A. planci problem and to coordinate possible control activities in the Indo-West Pacific region.
Lessons from a Caterpillar Plague in London's Berkeley Square
Denis F. Owen
Plagues of caterpillars and other plant-feeding insects tend to occur where trees and other plants grow as man-made monocultures. Herbivorous insects rarely cause extensive damage to mature trees in tropical forests; but even in the tropics, outbreaks are frequent wherever trees of the same species are grown together—as for example along roadways and in built-up areas. In Africa, in particular, peasant cultivators growing their own food tend to plant a variety of species in the same plot, and it is suggested that these people have found by trial and error that polycultures are more resistant to insect damage than are monocultures. English flower-gardeners maintain polycultures in their herbaceous borders and are rarely troubled by insects, but vegetables are now grown as pure stands. This probably leads to a build-up of pests and a need to use pesticides, which of course is encouraged by the gardening and pesticide industries.
Although there remains considerable controversy over the precise relationship between species diversity and population stability, there is much circumstantial and some direct evidence that plagues of plant-feeding insects are much more likely in pure stands of vegetation than in diverse communities. What might be called the community ecology of peasant cultivation is little understood, and there is an urgent need for research before more and more land is converted to monocultures.
Impact of Ozone On the Growth and Reproduction of Understorey Plants in the Aspen Zone of Western U.S.A.
Max Harward, Michael Treshow
The purpose of this study was to learn how ozone might affect the growth and reproduction of understorey species of the aspen community, and thereby influence its stability and composition. Plants of 14 species belonging to the aspen community were grown in greenhouse chambers and fumigated with ozone for 3 hours each day, 5 day per week, throughout their growing-seasons. The plants were exposed to 30 pphm (parts of ozone per hundred million parts of air), 15 pphm, ambient air reaching 5–7 pphm during about 2 hours each day, and filtered air.
Exposure to ambient air did not appear to cause a significant reduction of total plant-weight in any of the species investigated, while plant-weight of Achillea millefolium and Isatis tinctoria grown under such conditions was significantly greater than that of control plants grown in filtered air. At 15 pphm, growth of Isatis tinctoria, Madia glomerata, and Viola italica, was significantly reduced; on the other hand, growth of Ligusticum porteri and Polygonum aviculare was increased. At 30 pphm, growth was substantially suppressed in all plants except Chenopodium album and Phacelia heterophylla.


text:
Micro-shear bond strength of resin cemen...
Micro-shear bond strength of resin cement to dentin after application of desensitizing toothpastes
Bavbek A. B. , Goktas B., ÇEKİÇ NAGAŞ I. , EĞİLMEZ F. , ERGÜN G. , Eskitaşcıoğlu G.
ACTA ODONTOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, cilt.71, ss.952-956, 2013 (SCI İndekslerine Giren Dergi)
Doi Numarası: 10.3109/00016357.2012.734422
Dergi Adı: ACTA ODONTOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA
Objectives. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of three desensitizing toothpastes on bonding of resin cements to dentin. Materials and methods. The occlusal surfaces of 72 maxillary third molars were ground to obtain flat dentin surfaces and then divided into three groups according to three desensitizing toothpastes used: Sensodyne Rapid Relief (GlaxoSmithKline, SmithKline Beecham Ltd., Slough, UK), Signal Sensitive Expert (Unilever Sanayi ve Ticaret Turk A.S., Umraniye, Istanbul, Turkey) and Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief (Colgate Palmolive, New York, NY). Following bonding of the resin cement (Clearfil (TM) SA Cement, Kuraray Co, Osaka, Japan) to dentin, the specimens were light cured for 40 s with a LED (Elipar S10, 3M Espe, St. Paul, MN). The strength measurements were accomplished with a micro-shear testing machine (Bisco, Schaumburg, IL) at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min until the failure occurs. Failure modes were examined using a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. The data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD test (alpha = 0.05). Results and conclusion. ANOVA revealed that the application of desensitizing toothpastes had significant effects on bond strength of the resin cement tested to dentin (p < 0.05). Mixed failures were observed in all of the groups. Clinical significance. The use of a desensitizing toothpaste before cementation might alter the bond strength of adhesively luted restorations.


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Die indonesische Insel Luang (indon. Pulau Luang) gehört zu den Sermata-Inseln (Südliche Molukken).

Geographie

Luang liegt westlich der Hauptinsel Sermata. Nördlich liegen die Insel Liakra, Tiara und Kepuri, südöstlich Matumara. Zwischen Sermata und Luang befindet sich die Insel Kalapa. Sie alle gehören zum Subdistrikt (Kecamatan) Mdona Hiera (Mdona Hyera), der Teil des Regierungsbezirk (Kabupaten) der Südwestmolukken (Provinz Maluku) ist.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Insel (Asien)
Insel (Indonesien)
Insel (Bandasee)
Insel (Timorsee)
Geographie (Maluku)
Insel (Molukken)


Loans are an increasingly important part of financing a college education. These loans have low interest rates and both the interest and principal may be deferred until after you leave school. Consider a loan as borrowing against the increased earnings you can hope to have as a college graduate.
For the SUBSIDIZED STAFFORD LOAN the government pays the interest on the loan while the student is enrolled. The interest rate is a fixed rate of 5.045 percent. Undergraduates may borrow $4,500 in the second year and $5,500 in each of the third and fourth years. Repayment begins six months after the student's last semester in school. A separate loan application is required for 1st-time borrowers.
The UNSUBSIDIZED STAFFORD LOAN has the same terms and conditions as the Subsidized Stafford Loan except that the student is responsible for the interest that accrues while he or she is in school and the interest rate is 5.045 percent. Further, demonstrated need is NOT required. Again a separate loan application must be completed for 1st-time borrowers. Sixty percent of all OBU students have Stafford Loans.
The PLUS Loan is part of the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP). Provided at a low interest rate of 7.595%, a PLUS loan allows you to fund up to 100% of the cost of your student's education less any financial aid already awarded. It's a cost-effective alternative to using savings, income, retirement accounts or home equity loans for education costs. This loan is based on credit, but if a parent is denied the PLUS loan, the student may borrow additional funds on their Stafford Loan. Parents of students may borrow up to the total cost of education less any financial aid available to the student. Repayment begins within 45 days of disbursement, but may be deferred while student is in school. The interest is fixed at 7.595 percent. PLUS loans are based on credit. However, if a parent is denied a PLUS loan, the student is then eligible for additional unsubsidized Stafford loan of $4000-$5000.
Some lenders offer alternative/private loans to be used for education expenses. If you have applied for federal aid and still need additional funding, you may want to apply for an alternative loan. Lenders have different terms and interest rates, so check them out carefully. We have a few recommended lenders on our list, but feel free to shop around and find the loan that's best for you.


text:
Pentagon says 34 U.S. troops suffered traumatic brain injuries from Iran missile strike
8:26 a.m. Jan. 24, 2020 - Associated Press
Pentagon says 34 U.S. troops suffered traumatic brain injuries from Iran missile strike President Trump initially stated that no troops had been injured in the strikePresident Trump initially stated that no troops had been injured in the strike
Health-care (9)
Entertainment And Leisure (4)
Earnings (6)
Earnings/earnings Advisories (6)


text:
Javelin Joint Venture awarded $176 million for Javelin Weapon System
The Raytheon Company (NYSE: RTN) and Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) Javelin Joint Venture received a $176 million contract for the production and delivery of 842 Block I Javelin missile rounds and 120 command launch units (CLUs). The contract was awarded to the Javelin Joint Venture in September.
The missiles will be provided through the U.S. government to the U.S. Army, U.S. Marine Corps and three international customers: Oman, Jordan and Indonesia. Funded with Special Defense Acquisition Funds, the CLUs will be delivered to the U.S. Army beginning October 2014.
"The Javelin Joint Venture is providing U.S. and allied warfighters with an affordable, versatile and lethal one-man-portable, anti-tank, guided missile and surveillance weapon," said Jeff Miller, Raytheon Javelin program director and Javelin Joint Venture president. "This contract is important to the Javelin program because the CLU retrofit business keeps our production line warm through mid-2015."
Javelin enhances direct-fire capability against armored vehicles, buildings and field fortifications. Using the Javelin missile system, a single infantryman can engage and defeat targets in close combat and at ranges up to two-and-a-half kilometers.
"This contract allows us to provide to our customers one of the most reliable and user-friendly systems in the world," said Barry James, Lockheed Martin Javelin program director and Javelin Joint Venture vice president. "Javelin has proven and continues to prove itself time and time again in combat."
Source / Author: Raytheon
Photo: Raytheon
Tagi Raytheon
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Q: How i can generete qrcode with ESC POS? I am developing QRCODE printing with the help of ESC / POS commands.
However, I can't generate a qrcode with more than 127 characters.
Follows the code in C # :
   string ESC = Convert.ToString((char)27);

   string GS = Convert.ToString((char)29);

   string center = ESC + "a" + (char)1; //align center

   string left = ESC + "a" + (char)0; //align left

   string bold_on = ESC + "E" + (char)1; //turn on bold mode

   string bold_off = ESC + "E" + (char)0; //turn off bold mode

   string cut = ESC + "d" + (char)1 + GS + "V" + (char)66;

   string initp = ESC + (char)64; //initialize printer

   string buffer = ""; //store all the data that want to be printed
   string QrData = "1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111"; //data to be print in QR code

   Encoding m_encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("iso-8859-1"); //set encoding for QRCode
   int store_len = (QrData).Length + 3;
   byte store_pL = (byte)(store_len % 256);
   byte store_pH = (byte)(store_len / 256);

   buffer += initp; //initialize printer
   buffer += m_encoding.GetString(new byte[] { 29, 40, 107, 4, 0, 49, 65, 50, 0 });
   buffer += m_encoding.GetString(new byte[] { 29, 40, 107, 3, 0, 49, 67, 8 });
   buffer += m_encoding.GetString(new byte[] { 29, 40, 107, 3, 0, 49, 69, 48 });
   buffer += m_encoding.GetString(new byte[] { 29, 40, 107, store_pL, store_pH, 49, 80, 48 });
   buffer += QrData;
   buffer += m_encoding.GetString(new byte[] { 29, 40, 107, 3, 0, 49, 81, 48 });
   buffer += cut + initp;

in order to generate the qrcode string, I write the string to the file and have it printed.

A: That's because it uses string variables.
Even if you specify the encoding, it is not always possible to convert character data with a value of 0x80 or higher to the correct byte value.
If you use only a byte array, you can use long data.

Not all can be treated as text encoded in a single code page.
This is because commands that include control codes such as barcode printing are very likely to contain data that cannot be handled as character string text.
However, text and barcode printing can be mixed. Text data can be written to a file as encoded binary data (not a string).
If there is another program that reads data from the file and writes it to the printer, that program must open the file as a binary data file.


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text:
Q: Python Web interface for simple mysql database We need a new web interface for our internal car booking system, which is implemented in mysql database. Could somebody please advise, what would be a suitable solution (which framework, if any). The main criteria is simplicity and future maintainability. We therefore would like some clean, minimalistic solution.
Once completed, the interface will be expected to be running for many years (5-10). We would therefore like to use some technology, which is likely to be around in 5-10 years time.
We would like to implement it in python.

A: Try Django -- a simple, easy and very (most?) popular web framework in Python.
A little overview:
Django follows the Model-View-Templates paradigm. Models abstract the database tables as classes. The fields in a class can refer to various data types and relationships.
The Views encapsulate your business logic. In fact, Django provides some generic views, which can reduce the need for writing certain amount of code.
Finally, the templates are used to render the HTML pages.
Last but not the least, Django automatically generates an admin interface that helps you easily maintain your data. All these pages can be easily customized.
Please refer to the documentation for further details. A lot of tutorials are available in the Web.


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