text:
OUR VIEW: Peddling the Taunton River Trail
It's a plan that's been in the works for decades and, if officials can find the necessary funding, it could take more than a decade to complete. But, if the stars align, just beyond the not-too-distant horizon, a 22-mile bike path could traverse the scenic Taunton River, connecting Fall River, Taunton and the towns and villages in between the two cities.
Under recently resurrected plans, the bike path would begin in Taunton's Weir District and end at the Veterans Memorial Bridge, connecting Somerset and Fall River. It would largely travel along old rail beds, which have provided the routes for many "rail trails" throughout New England. While many areas of Massachusetts and Rhode Island already have bike paths, this is another area where Bristol County has been left behind.
A highlight of the bike path would be a section through Sweet Knolls State Park in Dighton, where the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation already owns the property. DCR may also be able to provide funding for the bike path in that section, which means that it would likely be the area where a shovel is first put in the ground. The plan for such a path is nothing new: It's been in the works for 20 years, but a lack of support from Taunton and Dighton essentially killed the project in 1999. However, a year later, DCR's purchase of a stretch of railroad along the route revived plans.
The bike path would not only serve recreational and health purposes such as bicycling, walking, running and rollerblading; it would serve as a way to preserve open space and interpret and tell the rich history of Taunton River.
It would certainly be a tourist draw for the entire region and a way to help "sell" the SouthCoast. It could also help spur new attractions and businesses at both ends of the bike path and all along the way. The Taunton River bike path is expected to eventually connect with the South Coast Bikeway, which is currently being built to link Rhode Island, Fall River and Cape Cod. One day, the Taunton bike path could go as far north as Brockton.
While some agreements have been reached to obtain right-of-way ownership, some privately owned properties may be more difficult to acquire. The largest roadblock to the construction of the bike path is money: No funds have been identified and no funds are expected to be available for the next few years.
The cost is also prohibitive: Each mile of off-road bike path costs about $700,000. Planners say that means that, optimistically, it could be constructed at a rate of one mile per year. The biggest hope for finding immediate funding to begin piecemeal construction comes from the potential delay or demise of other similar projects in other parts of the state for which funding has been allocated.
Still, there seems to be a great deal of community support for this bike path. Local, state and federal officials ought to collaborate with private recreational, watershed and historic preservation groups to identify funding streams to put the pedal to the metal and begin progress on this worthwhile venture.
Local officials could potentially consider tapping into Community Preservation Act funds to contribute local and state dollars for the construction. There appears to be a great deal of community support for this project. It will be important for residents to see forward momentum on the plan, even if it is done in pieces.


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The Stupid City That Can't Innovate
In Chapter 5 of our Trump City series, an end to immigration spells death for innovation.
This article is part of our seven-part series on the future of cities under President-elect Trump, for which we asked experts in urban planning, city surveillance, and social reform to describe the city they imagine under the policies of the new administration.
If Trump's isolationist philosophies carry into his presidency, and he thwarts immigration rather than encouraging it, it's increasingly likely that our cities will lose their international diversity. And if we give up that diversity, we'll also give up what drives innovation. Cities will become homogenous. The best talent either won't be able to immigrate to America, or simply won't want to. And American business will suffer as a result.
"In every age there are a handful of cities where the greatest thinkers gather together. That's what has defined the great cities throughout history," says Gabriel Metcalf, president of the urban policy think tank SPUR. "If we are not open to immigration, we will not in the long run be the source of innovation and new ideas. The great minds will have to gather somewhere else. I think that could be part of a worst-case scenario. We lose our innovation, our competitive edge, to cities in other countries that are actually welcoming to immigrants."
"The great minds will have to gather somewhere else."
You can see how that played out in America, from the immigrants who landed on Ellis Island and turned New York into the great, multicultural economic hub it is today, to the highly skilled, lower cost laborers who are building some of the most complex platforms inside Silicon Valley while much of the world has a shortage of coding talent.
Modern science also supports historic precedent. After surveying 1,800 professionals, conducting 40 case studies, and running numerous focus groups, Harvard researchers recently found that not only is diversity important to business, but something they call "acquired" diversity is important, too. It's not enough to employ people of different genders, races, ethnicities, or sexual orientations–businesses actually benefit from exposing employees to different cities, people, and cultures to gain this so-called "acquired" diversity. The difference essentially equates to employees having positive friction with people different than themselves–actually having men work on products while learning from female consumers, or having employees from overseas work in America (or vice versa). According to the study, companies with acquired diversity were "45% likelier to report that their firm's market share grew over the previous year and 70% likelier to report that the firm captured a new market."
The death of diversity will have repercussions in many of our smaller university cities as well.
The City Of Trump
Chapter 1. The Privatized City Where Everything Is Tolled
Chapter 2. The Sanctuary City That Fights The Federal Government
Chapter 3. The Surveillance City That's Always Watching You
Chapter 4. The Super Affluent City That's Surrounded By Poverty
Chapter 5. The Stupid City That Can't Innovate
Chapter 6. The City That Drowns In Climate Change Denial
Chapter 7. The Small City That Gets Left Behind
"One of the paradoxes that myself and many colleagues have been struggling with is we talk a lot about wanting to be a diverse, open, inclusive campus. We say these values are fundamental to education, learning communities, and society. Then we have a national election that tells us actually they aren't," says Christoph Lindner, dean of the University of Oregon School of Architecture and Allied Arts. "It's very difficult to reconcile that one set of values with a national discourse that is prioritizing in many ways the opposite."
At the University of Oregon, Lindner points out that this sort of anti-immigration mentality has made his own immigrant students nervous for their futures at the school–which has ramifications on the international scale. "They don't know how safe they are to remain. They worry if they leave, over the break or something, if they can come back," he continues. "Their families are worried, and this is my point: It's not just a U.S. thing, it's a global thing."
It's also worth noting that, for all the manufacturing jobs that the U.S. did pass overseas, our country's economy is largely driven by the "creative class." Apple, Alphabet, Microsoft, and Facebook represent four of the country's five most valuable companies—companies that, while admittedly skewing male and white, depend far more on international talent and immigrants than the average American company. How can any major company be competitively creative without working with the greatest talent, and acquiring the greatest diversity, from across the globe? It can't.
Read Chapter 6: The Inundated City That Drowns In Climate Change Denial
In this new neighborhood, every building will be made entirely out of wood
4 ways to get over the new-job jitters

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Google's Sundar Pichai was grilled on privacy, data collection, and China during congressional hearing
Published Tue, Dec 11 20188:16 AM EST Updated Wed, Jun 3 20208:20 AM EDT
Jillian D'Onfro@jillianiles
Lawmakers peppered Google CEO Sundar Pichai with a broad range of questions when he testified in front of the House Judiciary Committee Tuesday.
This was Pichai's first time in front of Congress and culminates a tough year for big tech companies, including Google.
He received questions about political bias, Chinese censorship and data privacy.
Google CEO Sundar Pichai testifies during a House Judiciary Committee hearing on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC, December 11, 2018.
Saul Loeb | AFP | Getty Images
It was Sundar Pichai's turn in the congressional hot seat.
Google's CEO testified before the House Judiciary Committee on Tuesday for 3.5 hours while lawmakers grilled him on a wide range of issues, including potential political bias on the company's platforms, its plans for a censored search app in China and its privacy practices.
This is the first time Pichai has appeared before Congress since Google declined to send him or Alphabet CEO Larry Page to a hearing on foreign election meddling earlier this year. That slight sparked anger among senators who portrayed Google as trying to skirt scrutiny.
Google CEO: We go to great lengths to protect user privacy
Tuesday's hearing culminated a tough year for big tech companies, as lawmakers and the public have become increasingly skeptical about Silicon Valley's effects on democracy, misinformation and privacy. Despite some occasionally intense questioning, the soft-spoken Pichai remained cool and confident overall throughout the proceedings as he either defended Google or expertly dodged giving specific answers.
Accusations of manipulation
Tuesday's hearing was titled "Transparency & Accountability: Examining Google and its Data Collection, Use, and Filtering Practices" and many representatives posed questions on whether or not Google's search results were biased against conservative points of view.
This has been a consistent narrative over the past year, as Republican lawmakers — and even President Donald Trump — have accused Google and other tech platforms of suppressing conservative voices. Pichai echoed Google's previous denials, and repeatedly responded that Google's search algorithms did not favor any particular ideology, but instead surfaced the most relevant results, which could be affected by the time of a users' search, as well as other factors like their location.
One particularly fiery take against that line of questioning came from Rep. Ted Lieu (D-Ca.) who said that the queries on conservative bias "wasted time" given that private, profit-seeking companies like Google are protected by the First Amendment. Even if Google was biased, he said, that would be its right. However, he also used sample Google searches to show that Google would turn up positive search results about Republicans and negative search results about Democrats.
"If you want positive searches, do positive things," Lieu said. "If you get bad press, don't blame Google. Consider blaming yourself."
Lieu has made similar points at past hearings that included Facebook, Twitter, and Alphabet.
Several representatives brought up other kinds of bias.
Google is by far the most popular search engine in the world, with more than 90 percent market share, according to StatCounter, but the process of how exactly Google's platforms surface search results are complicated and opaque. Regulators and competitors like Yelp have criticized Google for surfacing its own services, like maps, jobs postings, business reviews and travel information over information from other websites. Last year, the EU slapped Google with a $2.7 billion antitrust fine for its shopping results.
"I strongly support an open, decentralized internet that is free of powerful gatekeepers with the ability to discriminate against rivals, threaten innovation or harm consumers," Rep. David Cicilline (D-RI) said, and asked whether Google would commit to ending any discriminatory practices against competitors.
In response, Pichai said that Google "provides users with the best experience and the most relevant information," and denied that the company used discriminatory practices in its search results. When Cicilline pushed him on whether Google would support some kind of antitrust legislation, Pichai vaguely answered that Google would be "happy to engage constructively on legislation in any of these areas."
Pichai was evasive on China plans
Another topic that came up multiple times was Google's plan to launch a censored search engine in China. The Intercept first reported details of the project over the summer, which would block search results for queries that the Chinese government deemed sensitive, like "human rights" and "student protest" and link users' searches to their personal phone numbers.
One of the first specific questions about Google's plans in China came from Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee (D-Tx.) who expressed concern that Google would aid in the oppression of Chinese people "looking for a lifeline of freedom and democracy."
"Right now, we have no plans to launch search in China," Pichai answered, adding that access to information is "an important human right."
Pichai has said in the past that Google is "not close" to launching a censored search result in China, though Tuesday's comments appear to further distance the company from those efforts. The Intercept reported in September that at one point Google employees working on the "Project Dragonfly" efforts were told to get it in "launch-ready state" to roll out upon approval from Beijing officials.
Pichai would not, however, go so far as to commit not to launch "a tool for surveillance and censorship in China," as he was asked to do by Rep. David Cicilline (D-RI).
"We always think it's in our duty to explore possibilities to give users access to information," Pichai said.
Human rights groups and Google's own employees have spoken out publicly about this issue, with more than 730 recently signing an open letter calling on the company to cancel its efforts, and lawmakers at Tuesday's hearing made it clear that they, too, are extremely wary of any plans by Google to work with China's oppressive regime.
Data privacy and hate speech
A handful of representatives also asked Pichai about how transparent Google is when it comes to its data collection practices. The company came under fire earlier this year after The Associated Press revealed that contrary to what a user might reasonably assume, pausing "Location History" tracking on a Google account didn't actually stop the search giant from storing time-stamped location data. Google ended up clarifying the language of its policy.
At the hearing, Pichai said that more than 160 million people had checked their Google privacy settings in the last month, but that Google wanted to make it even easier for "average users" to control their data.
"We always think that there is more to do," Pichai said. "It's an ongoing area of effort."
In regards to data privacy, Rep. Ted Poe (R-Tx.) got rather heated as he asked Pichai whether Google could track his movements if he moved from one side of the room or the other. When Pichai said that he'd need to check the phone's settings to know, Poe interrupted to say that it wasn't a "trick question."
A New York Times investigation on Monday revealed that popular apps like WeatherBug and GasBuddy track users' location with incredible detail and then either send or sell that data to advertisers and retailers, and that Google's Android operating system has more apps that closely track users' location than Apple's iOS. While Poe's line of interrogation didn't quite hit the mark — he was asking specifically about his device, an iPhone, without specifying whether he had any of Google's apps, like Maps, which logs location data, downloaded — his questions and others' made it clear that representatives on both sides of the aisle are concerned about how Google collects and protects user data as well as frustrated by how the company explains its policies.
In that vein, Google's social network snafu also came up multiple times during the testimony.
Google revealed Monday that a security bug allowed the profile information of 52.5 million Google Plus users to be viewable by developers, even if their profiles were set to private. This is the second Google Plus flaw of the year. In October, The Wall Street Journal reported that Google didn't disclose its first one for months because it feared regulatory scrutiny and damage to its reputation.
Pichai acknowledged during his testimony that under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) that came into effect in the European Union earlier this year, companies are required to disclose personal data breaches no later than 72 hours after the company is aware of them. However, Google has previously maintained that its Google Plus issues were not "breaches," since it didn't find evidence that any third parties had accessed or misused the data.
In response to a later question about GDPR, Pichai said that there was "some value for companies to have consistent global regulation," and highlighted how Google published its own framework to guide data privacy legislation earlier this year.
Hate speech and misinformation were another thorny topic that came up several times. Rep Jamie Raskin (D-Md.) in particular cited YouTube videos promoting a conspiracy theory that Hillary Clinton and other politicians and celebrities were drinking children's blood.
"We are constantly undertaking efforts to deal with misinformation," Pichai said, adding that Google is looking to do more.
It's a well-worn struggle for Google, as well as platforms like Twitter and Facebook. These platforms generally want to allow users to post a wide range of content, while curtailing hate speech through Community Guidelines that can be hard to enforce from both a technological and policy perspective.
What we didn't hear
One topic that didn't come up during the hearing was Google's decision earlier this year not to renew a Pentagon contract for analyzing drone videos using artificial intelligence. Google dropped that project, called Maven, following employee protests through petitions and resignations. Pichai subsequently published an artificial intelligence ethics code that Google would work with the government and military on cybersecurity and training, but not on weapons or surveillance that violate "internationally accepted norms."
In his prepared remarks ahead of Tuesday's hearing, Pichai emphasized Google's patriotism, a stance that seemed aimed at appeasing critics who saw Google's abandonment of Project Maven as turning its back on the Department of Defense.
However, lawmakers didn't probe Google on Maven or its stance on working with the military more broadly.
Another thing that didn't appear amid the partisan jabs was any real indication that Congress is on its way to making meaningful progress towards curbing Google and other tech giants' power or passing legislation that protects consumer privacy.
You can watch a stream of the hearing in its entirety here:
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The LA Food and Wine Festival is a four-day extravaganza with various lunches and dinners around town featuring celebrity chefs, with two days of a grand tasting event on Saturday and Sunday. This year's events include an Italian fiesta with Giada, an Asian Night Market with Bizarre Foods host Andrew Zimmern, a champagne and caviar night, and dinners with Graham Elliott, Ming Tsai, the Voltaggio brothers, Michael Chiarello, etc.The full event listing can be seen here, and you can buy tickets for each event separately.
Oh, let's not forget the most important part. These events benefit St. Vincent's Meals on Wheels. They provide about 3000 meals a day for seniors!
Last year, thanks to Lexus, I was lucky enough to attend a lunch featuring the Iron Chef Masaharu Morimoto at WP24, and one of the Lexus Grand Tasting Event. While most of the food festivals in LA features LA's best chefs and restaurants, the Lexus Grand Tasting Event brings some from out of town, so we get to try food from some of the best in the country. This year's out-of-town list includes Gale Gand from Tru (Chicago), Francois Payard, and Stephan Pyles.
Duroc Pork Tenderloin, corn pudding, gremolata or bacon and corn, blackberry cipollini by Bradley Ogden's root 246.
The Lexus lounge is definitely worth a visit, offering some of the more luxurious items like foie gras (well, I guess not this year...), lobster, and truffles.


And why selecting an adequate corporate Learning Management System (LMS) matters.
Among history's famous figures, Napoleon ranks tall as a strategic genius. His capacity to adapt faster than the enemy to changing circumstances leveraged on speed and mobility. By breaking up his large army into smaller, fast-moving divisions he was able to outmaneuver his opponents. Instead of marching a prescribed place to meet the enemy, Napoleon would throw his divisions into a scattered pattern and, depending on how the enemy reacted, he would close in from several directions.
From a technical standpoint, Napoleon understood the importance of reliability and performance. He gave his field marshals who led these smalls divisions complete freedom to make decisions in the moment, without having to consult him. Operationally, the divisions were easily deployable and flexible, light on their feet, moving with just backpacks. The costs of mobilizing these forces were minimum.
The strategy led him to one victory after another.
In this age of technological revolution, speed and mobility too are critical. Like Napoleon, this means paying supreme attention to strategy and creating a business structure whose components fit the times.
As a pivotal part of your business, choosing an adequate corporate Learning Management System requires strategic focus. The design of a myriad of key drivers will critically hinge on this decision, ranging from training programs to competencies frameworks.
You will need to see the horizon with clarity, understand your starting point, define your destination, and, finally, take action. Akin to Napoleon's determination on the prototype of formation he wanted on the battlefield, you will need to make a decision on the sort of enterprise education process landscape you want for your business.
Do you prefer an online education solution that is package-based or by contrast one that is custom developed? What are the pros and cons of each one? What technical, operational, and budgetary matters should you consider when making this decision?
Embark with Adhoc Learning on our next webinar on "Select your best corporate e-learning LMS" (March 15th). We will help you elevate yourself above the battlefield and select the LMS that can yield the long-lasting returns that you expect on your educational investment.
For we understand that every battle is won before it is fought (Sun Tzu).


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Q: Converting Digits into string 1) I have been working on fetching data from an excel sheet i can see on a cell written Oct-10 but when i select it i see 10/31/2000 on fx column right at top ,when i fetch data from the .xls sheet using http://phpexcel.codeplex.com library version number 1.7.3 ,it is returning float("40482") ,
can any body tell how to convert it to either 10/31/2000"/"Oct-10 all the cells other than this one are reading correctly so there is no error in code.
2) Also Please tell how can i get a better tutorial for this library as one provided on this site is not very helpful or i am using wrong library.
thanks in advance

A: See answer to this question Days since 1900
or read section 3.2 (and specifically 3.2.3) in the not very helpful "PHPExcel Function Reference Developer Documentation" which describes exactly how to convert between Excel dates and PHP dates (or PHP date/time objects).
The function you're after is:
$PHPdateValue = PHPExcel_Shared_Date::ExcelToPHP($excelDateValue);

or
$PHPdateObject = PHPExcel_Shared_Date::ExcelToPHPObject($excelDateValue);

There are links to a number of tutorials in a variety of languages on the documents section of the PHPExcel website. And in addition to the documentation, there's plenty of code examples in the /Tests subdirectory of the distribution
Example of returning a PHP date/time object:
    include 'PHPExcel.php';
$excelDateValue = 40482.0;
$dateObj = PHPExcel_Shared_Date::ExcelToPHPObject($excelDateValue);

echo $dateObj->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');

displays
2010-10-31 00:00:00

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This stunning home has a state-of-the-art Dynalite and Control4 Home Automation system.
In addition to the whole house audio and video distribution system, the owners can enjoy their favourite movies in a stunning widescreen, 7.1 surround sound home theatre, with 120" Projection Screen.
Biolock fingerprint readers are used to enter the house, ensuring the highest level of security. CCTV cameras located around the property can be viewed via the in-wall touchscreens, on the TVs or on the iPads.


Mobaloo provide a wide range of Yorkshire mobile toilet hire services to both corporate and private customers throughout Yorkshire and its surrounding area and all across the UK.
In achieving this Mobaloo have built an outstanding reputation for mobile toilets amongst our customers in Yorkshire and beyond.
This is reflected in the high volume of repeat business and the growing portfolio of Yorkshire mobile toilet hire clients that includes: ASDA, Yorkshire City Council, Yorkshire Show, BBC & Yorkshire Television.
Mobaloo have trained and developed an expert team of in-house technicians and project managers, whose skills and experience, equipped with the latest mobile toilets in Yorkshire, ensure that we provide the highest level of portable toilet hire services to all our Yorkshire customers.
Our professional, friendly customer service team and experienced management team are totally focused on responding quickly to all Yorkshire mobile toilet needs, fast turnaround on surveys and quotes, completing jobs on time and on budget, providing excellent after care service and guarantee of works and exceeding customers expectations.
Mobaloo continuously strive to improve the standard of our workmanship and constantly improve our own internal quality standards when it comes to mobile toilet hire in Yorkshire.


Small bug with the Call Log. I have entries for the All, Incoming, and Outgoing tabs. When I navigate to any of those tabs, the entries update accordingly and accurately. I don't happen to have any missed calls (yet) on my phone, so when I navigate to the Missed tab, it returns "No Records!"
This is fine, but it is when I try navigating away from Missed to any of the 3 previous tabs that the list does not update correctly. It simply reads "No Records!" just like in my Missed tab. I can "x" out of the Call Log and open Call Log back up to restore the 3 previous tabs until I navigate to Missed again. Just wanted to bring this bug to your attention.
I'm using Chrome on a PC. Love this app so far - thanks!
It may be a performance and compatibility issue. Stay tuned for our next update. Thanks.
Exact same problem on my SE Experia Pro with Firefox on PC.
Also Note: Checkmark in Heading is marked CALL. In fact, it is select ALL.


text:
CBN resets structures, processes for mobile banking
Against the backdrop of several complaints emanating from the banking public over services delivery and security in Nigeria's nascent mobile banking environment, the Central Bank of Nigeria, CBN, is set to further improve the system.
The apex bank has also indicated that its consumer protection department is inundated with petitions and complaints mainly from the mobile banking activities.
Vanguard MoneyDigest inquest into the nature of the complaints shows that most of them relate to loss of money due to either malfunctioned platforms or outright fraud.
At the Vanguard Economic Forum Series, recently, CBN's Director of Banking and Payment System Department, indicated that the apex bank is aware of the challenges in the mobile money services and is set to address the problems as they have already emerged while putting structures and procedures in place to forestall other forms of services failures in the banks that undermine customers' satisfaction and security of their money.
He stated: ''The CBN is currently reviewing the structure and processes of mobile money to make us becoming more responsive to the emerging new financial services landscape.
''We are positioning our people to respond effectively to the emerging risk while also observing the payment system security and risk management to effectively ensure that the banking system is alert to the challenge of the more inclusive financial services sector.''
Fatokun also noted that Nigerian banks are aggressive in the application of financial technology, Fintech, in delivery of services, and are globally competitive in this area. Read more<<<<<
Enugu elections exceptional – INEC
The national leadership of the Independent National Electoral Commission, INEC, has commended the peaceful and…
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FGN bonds record N140bn over-subscription
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Labour & wage increases: Barking up the wrong tree!
In December 2017, President Buhari established a Tripartite Committee – comprising Labour Leaders, Federal and…
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Between July and this month President Muhammadu issued two decrees aimed at further curbing corruption,…
PenCom recovers over N465m from defaulting employers in Q2'18
The National Pension Commission (PenCom) said it recovered a total of N465.02 million as outstanding…
FG records N26.92bn shortfall in bond auction
The Federal Government, through the Debt Management Office, DMO, has recorded a N26.92 billion or…


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text:
Angels News: The benefits of permanent MLB rule changes
Mike Trout, Los Angeles Angels (Photo by Ronald Martinez/Getty Images)
Angels: Last season's MLB rule changes gave baseball a different look, and most of the league appears to be in favor of making them permanent.
The 2020 MLB season was different from the others we've been accustomed to. The fans were made out of cardboard, and the regular-season was the shortest in over a century. It was a perfect opportunity for the league to experiment with new rule changes, which could be here to stay. Following the announcement of a 162-game season, the answers to other questions should be coming soon.
Bob Nightengale of USA Today reports Major League Baseball fears the global pandemic could create scheduling issues like it did last season. This has led to a proposal to bring back seven-inning doubleheaders and beginning extra-innings with a runner on second base.
""Change is abundant now in every walk of life," Oakland A's manager Bob Melvin said last month, "If you don't embrace it, you get stuck in the mud.""
I couldn't agree more with Melvin's statement, which applies to everything in life. For the sake of this article, we're going to stick to baseball. This sport will forever be historical, which is part of its beauty, but that doesn't mean there should be a refusal for change.
More from LA Angels News
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Marcus Stroman definitely appears to be interested in the LA Angels
Part of the reason the NFL and NBA have thrived over time is their adaptation, while baseball has stayed put in recent years. I think a lot of it has to do with marketing, but the rules have factored in as well. It's rare to find kids playing backyard baseball and sitting through a nine-inning game. There are even adults who can't do it.
The seven-inning doubleheaders will speed up the game while limiting the players' wear and tear. I'm also a fan of the extra-inning rule. I think it adds an element of suspense, kind of like what goes on in an NFL-overtime. Like football, sometimes defense wins games, and this rule emphasizes the importance of the bullpen in these moments.
Nightengale reports the rule changes are expected to be approved for the 2021 season, but discussions for a universal DH and expanded postseason with 26-man rosters remains ongoing.
An expanded postseason would generate more television-revenue, and consist of a 14-team playoff field. The team with the best record in each league would receive a first-round bye.
As far as the DH position, the players will negotiate a new collective bargaining agreement in 2022, which will likely include the rule. If that's the case, it makes sense to have it for this season as well.
I'll admit, before last season, I was a bit skeptical about this change. I guess I'm a bit of a traditionalist because I enjoyed the strategy of pitchers hitting for themselves in the National League. Plus, it was an advantage if your pitcher was a good hitter.
That being said, my opinion has completely changed after seeing the rule last season. I think baseball needs this extra offensive element that adds more excitement to the game.
Trust me when I say nobody likes a 1-0 pitcher's duel more than me, but I feel like the casual fans will say otherwise. This rule adds for more offense, which adds to the entertainment aspect, leading to more viewers, fans, etc.
Next. Top 5 free agent relievers for the Halos
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The universal DH wouldn't affect the Angels directly, but it would still have an impact on how players get paid in the future. Regarding other rule changes, the expanded playoffs will make more teams competitive with the believes they have a better chance at winning a World Series.
I think every team should have that mindset regardless, but now the Angels have more of a reason to be in "win now" mode.


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University Mentor of the Year awarded to Cardiff University Lecturer
by Gee Harland
A Cardiff University lecturer has been awarded for his mentoring excellence.
Professor Roger Awan-Scully is the Head of Politics and International Relations at Cardiff University. The professor collected the prize at the National Mentoring Awards in London.
The awards ceremony, which is dedicated to celebrating mentoring excellence, was attended by over 300 of the UK's top mentors.
Professor Awan-Scully was awarded University Mentor of the Year due to his: "years of dedicated and outstanding work with students of all levels, as well as with junior academic colleagues", as recognised by the judges.
Upon receiving the award, Professor Awan-Scully said: "I was deeply honoured to be given the award of National University Mentor of the Year.
"It was also a privilege to attend the awards ceremony and hear about the inspiring work of so many amazing people mentoring others across all walks of life.
"It was great to be a small part of such an extraordinary event".
Professor Awan-Scully has had a career involving a diverse range of academic work and has contributed to many aspects of political life in Cardiff. He is one of the UK's experts in devolution, public opinion and party politics.
For example, his analysis of the Welsh Political Barometer polls, carried out by Cardiff University's Wales Governance Centre in collaboration with ITV Cymru-Wales and YouGov, is credited as having informed political debate and helped further provide an understanding of public opinion in Wales.
As well as his analysis work, he has led the last two Welsh Election Studies, which are funded by the Economic and Social Research Council of the UK.
His friends, family and colleagues have expressed their sense of pride at his work and believe it could not have been deserved more.
A previous colleague Dr Einion Dafydd told Cardiff University that: "This award is richly deserved.
"Ever supportive and considerate, Roger mentored me from my time as an undergraduate, through my PhD years, my time as a lecturer at Cardiff University, and we remain friends now that I work for the Welsh Government.
"Scores of current and former students and colleagues will be forever grateful to Roger for his support – and this award is a special recognition of his long-standing commitment to mentoring those in his care."
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There are hundreds of military bases scattered all throughout the United States as well as many other countries. They are owned and operated by each of the five branches of the military. Among these bases is Fort Hunter Liggett, one of four bases operated under the Army in the state of California.
Fort Hunter Liggett is located in Southern Monterey Country, California, approximately 250 miles north of Los Angeles and 150 miles south of San Francisco. The fort is bordered on the north by the Salinas Valley, on the east by Los Padres National Forest, on the west by Monterey, and on the south by San Luis Obispo. It is the largest reserve command post in the country, with over 165,000 acres of land. The fort used to be larger; however, 52 acres of land was donate by the army base to Mission San Antonio de Padua, a Christian religious institution. The army base has also been involved with several trades with the United States National Park Service, donating land to Los Padres National Forest. The fort is also surrounded by Junipero Serra Peak, formerly known as Santa Lucia Peak, and contains part of the Naciemento River.
The base itself is known for its scenic qualities and plays host to campers throughout the year. Located on base is the historic hotel known as the The Hacienda, which is open to the general public. The Hacienda was built back in 1930 by William Randolph Hurst as temporary housing for his employees and guests. It includes offices, swimming, guest rooms, and tennis court. It is currently owned and operated by the army, and serves as housing for guests of those on base as well as other civilians. Near The Hacienda are what are known as the Primitive Campgrounds, which house a few camper trailers as well as FEMA trailers.
Commercial camping is offered in the base's BBQ pit area on Infantry Road. The campgrounds are open to RVs and trailers. They are equipped with shade, BBQ pits, toilets, and showers. Fort Hunter Liggett's campsites have become a favorite among hunters and fishermen. While training is out of session, they can be found hunting bobcats, rabbits, and birds. Hunting is done through a strict permit system, the average permit costing roughly $100 annually.
Fort Hunter Liggett was born in the 1940s. The land the fort is built on was purchased from William Randolph Hearst and a few other landowners. It was under the authority of Camp Roberts, California until around 1952 when it became part of Fort Ord. Later in the century it came to serve two main purposes: a training area for the 7th Light Infantry Division and the home of the USACDEC (or CDEC or Training and Experimentation Command). The primary function of CDEC was to test and evaluate new weapons systems designed by the Army and Marine Corps. They did this by providing a simulated Soviet Mechanized Rifle Company to act as opposing forces. This system of testing is what validated the Marine's LAV vehicle.
When Fort Ord closed down in 1991, Fort Hunter Liggett was transferred from the Army to the Army Reserves, which made it a sub-installation of For McCoy, located in Wisconsin. It is still under the operation of the Army Reserves today.
Fort Hunter Liggett is, first and foremost, a training facility. Its terrain makes it ideal for armored task force maneuvers as well as aviation training. Its equipped for multiple ranges for weapons' usage and live ammo use. The fort also contains Crocker Range which is open for public use. The base is home to helipads as well as 33 drop zones, allowing for battalion sized mass attacks and sling load operations that would not be possible elsewhere. The base's massive square mileage allows for mission simulations and training to be carried out with minimal disruption to the surrounding areas. It is one of a few bases that has served the United States Navy, Marine Corps, Airforce, and National Guard training.
Fort Hunter Liggett is one of the least-densely populated Army bases in the nation, housing only about 250 permanent Army and civil personnel. During training seasons, however, this number can climb up to around 4,000 residents. The constant flux is due to the fact that the base houses soldiers from several military branches rather than just one.
The base contains: C-130 Assault strip for aviation training, Multi-purpose range complex, Regulation Army heliport with 36 operational helipads, Mess Hall, PX, Chemical Demo Range, Hand Grenade Range, Training Area for mechanized combat operations and lane training.
Recently, in an effort to enhance inter-military relations and utilization of military ranges, the Department of the Navy announced a proposal to build the Doolittle Aircraft Training Area, in honor of James "Jimmy Doolittle," the leader of the Doolittle Raid in 1942. Among the modifications included in constructing the Doolittle Training Area would be the inclusion of a 250-foot radius bullseye inside the weapons employment area for target practice.
Fort Hunter Liggett has been used as the setting for several popular films, including We Were Soldiers, starring Mel Gibson, and Clear and Present Danger, with Harrison Ford. It was also the site used in the 1966 horror film, Incubus, before the grounds were sold to the Mission San Antonio de Padua. Its massive landscape and variety of different ecological settings make the base ideal for shooting movies.
Fort Hunter Liggett remains the largest and one of the most well respected military training facilities in the nation. Its ability to house many different types of training in its facilities makes it a unique asset to the United States military. Its vast, natural resources also make it the ideal destination for gamesmen looking hunters and fisherman alike. Its capabilities as a training ground, weapons-testing facility, and army reserves command post qualify Fort Hunter Liggett a one of a kind base that will continue to serve the armed forces for years to come.


Have you got skin problems?Is your skin itching, breaking out, covered in a rash, or playing host to strange spots?
To provide even greater transparency and choice, we are working on a number of other cookie-related enhancements. When hospitals fail to turn and reposition their patients, skin breakdown (like pressure sores) develop. Leg ulcers in diabetics are the result of nerve damage and arterial blockage, which reduces sensitivity of leg dermis towards heat, pressure and injury, causing continued damage and subsequently neuropathic ulceration. The positioning of ulcers with associated clinical characterization like callus, edema or decreased pulses, will determine the predominant cause of the leg ulcer. For any lower extremity ulceration, the best treatment remains prevention of ulcer development.
For patients with venous ulcers and arterial occlusive disease, compression therapy can be a hazardous procedure. Diabetic patients with arterial leg ulcer should consult a vascular surgeon to determine the probability for a peripheral revascularization therapy. The arterial ulcers will only recover with sufficient tissue oxygenation that may require a need for partial amputation of the leg. Intensive blood glucose management is must to slow the onset or progression of peripheral neuropathy for diabetic patients. Wound debridement is a process of removing nonviable tissue that if left, within the wound might lead to infection. In case of presence of osteomyelitis along with leg ulceration, the antibiotic therapy with surgical debridement is performed, to remove the infected bone. For diabetic leg ulcers, wound need to be kept moist and clean to prevent infection and promote granulation. If the moisture content of the skin varies significantly from normal values it can result either in dryness and cracking, or excoriation and the development of infection. The term maceration is commonly used to describe changes to the skin resulting from prolonged exposure to water or moisture from sweat, urine or faeces. Unlike 'maceration' the proposed new term can also apply to adverse changes caused by insufficient moisture within a wound or areas of vulnerable tissue.
Local treatment of moisture-related skin damage generally involves the use of dressings with significant fluid handling properties to remove excess fluid from the wound and to provide protection to periwound skin. This article describes the importance of controlling the moisture content of wounds and areas of vulnerable tissue, with particular emphasis on the use of dressings that provide protection to periwound skin, which may be damaged by proteolytic enzymes present in exudate from chronic wounds. The article also proposes a new definition for the 'ideal dressing' in the light of recent developments in the wound management field, which takes account of the requirement to protect vulnerable tissue from secondary damage caused either by insufficient or excessive moisture. It is suggested that the correct application and frequent replacement of appropriate dressings, combined with the use of skin protectants or barrier creams where appropriate, will help prevent periwound damage, reduce the risk of infection and improve patient quality of life. In a clinical context, 'maceration' is commonly used to describe changes in the appearance of the skin, resulting from prolonged exposure to moisture or wound exudate, the causes and treatment of which have been described comprehensively in a series of articles      .
In the present article it is argued that the widespread use of the term 'maceration' can be misleading, and that it is sometimes applied incorrectly, potentially leading to inappropriate treatment in some instances.
The skin, the largest organ in the human body with an area of approximately 1.8m?, plays an important role in fluid regulation. Moisture loss by evaporation (determined by intercellular lipids, which form a barrier to transepidermal water loss (TEWL)). This, in turn, is governed by the presence of intracellular water-soluble hygroscopic substances formed within the corneocytes by degradation of the histidine-rich protein known as filaggrin .
According to Verdier-S?vrain and Bont? , glycerol, a well-known cosmetic ingredient, has been discovered in the stratum corneum as a natural endogenous humectant.
The NMF can be readily released or extracted from the cells of the stratum corneum with water after first treating it with solvents or detergents to extract protective polar lipids such as sphingolipids, which exist in the intercellular spaces . If the fluid regulating ability of the skin is adversely affected, it makes it susceptible to dryness and scaling, particularly if the moisture content of the stratum corneum falls below about 10%. Most people are familiar with the skin changes that occur after spending too much time immersed in a hot bath. Similar changes can also result from simple occlusion, for example by the extended use of rubber or plastic disposable gloves.
In fact it is probable that the skin changes that occur from prolonged immersion in a bath result not just from absorption of water by the outer layers of the stratum corneum, but also by the accumulation of moisture in the deeper layers of the epidermis caused by the skin's inability to transpire excess water away in the form of sweat. These two simple examples clearly illustrate that major changes in the water content of the skin can be influenced by both endogenous and exogenous moisture. Irrespective of the cause, in the two simple examples cited above, the obvious change in the thickness and appearance of the skin is reversible and therefore does not normally represent any serious threat to the individual concerned. However, in the treatment of certain dermatological conditions associated with the formation of dry or cracked skin, such an effect may be clinically desirable. The skin changes described thus far are very different from those often observed around the margin of chronic wounds such as leg ulcers.
In such situations a barrier cream or a dressing that provides an effective seal to the periwound skin is probably indicated to provide a protective function.
A third commonly encountered cause of superficial skin damage is the presence of urine or faeces on the skin surface, the irritant nature of which can also lead to superficial damage (see Figure 3). Obese or neglected children and adults are further subject to intertrigo - chafing or excoriation between moist skin folds or adjacent surfaces.
Where skin is at risk, it is possible to apply topical agents such as zinc paste or modern proprietary skin protectants  that are easier and quicker to apply and remove  and which have the additional advantage of being transparent. Although the presence of liquid (be it urine, sweat or wound exudate) is undoubtedly a major contributory factor in all of these conditions, the skin does not have to be completely macerated in order for the damage to occur, which is why the term 'moisture-related skin changes' may be preferred. In direct contrast, conditions that lead to a depletion of the moisture content of the skin can also produce visible changes of varying severity. If the moisture content of the skin is seriously depleted, to below about 10%, it can result in dryness , leading to chapping or cracking, particularly on the fingertips or knuckles (see Figure 4). If the integrity of the epidermis is seriously compromised by trauma or some metabolic or physiological disorder, the healing rate of the resulting wound will be influenced by the moisture content of the surrounding skin and the local environment. In addition to facilitating healing, a product that maintains a moist environment can also help to prevent secondary damage to a vulnerable area of tissue that occurs as a result of dehydration. Work on burns reviewed by Lawrence  showed that the application of an occlusive dressing will salvage not only dermal tissue but also certain epithelial elements in the zone of stasis surrounding the original injury.
In the intervening period, developments in the wound management field coupled with an increased understanding of the wound healing process, have been such that the list of functions that a dressing may be required to perform have been revisited. These are summarised in Table 1, where they are divided into primary and secondary requirements. Even a cursory review of the performance requirements identified in Table 1 will indicate that it is unlikely that a single dressing or dressing system will possess all of these attributes. A dressing that is ideally suited to the early stages of the treatment of infected, malodorous or necrotic wounds may not be appropriate for the later stages of healing. It will be seen that this definition applies equally to products designed to achieve debridement, combat odour or infection, or promote granulation or epithelialisation.
In the list of dressing functions identified previously, the primary performance requirements that are influenced by the condition of the wound are directly or indirectly related to the management of exudate or TEWL - the principal causes of maceration. In clinical practice, although some dressings such as hydrogels are used to rehydrate eschar in order to promote autolytic debridement, the majority are applied to remove excess wound fluid (exudate) from the immediate vicinity of the wound. With the exception of the vacuum assisted closure technique (VAC? Therapy), in which fluid is actively withdrawn from the vicinity of the wound before it has time to spread onto the surrounding skin, exudate control with many advanced and traditional types of dressings is commonly achieved by one or more different mechanisms. The presence of materials with high absorption retention greatly improves the ability of a dressing to retain liquid under pressure as the fluid is 'locked away' within its structure. It is self-evident that the absorbent capacity of any dressing is finite, limited by size (area) and volume, and although in theory it is possible to increase the absorbent capacity by simply increasing dressing thickness, this impacts negatively upon conformability and patient comfort. A third fluid handling mechanism is therefore often employed, which involves the incorporation of a semipermeable film or foam backing layer into the dressing's structure.
A further important component included in many dressings is a wound contact layer that is designed to reduce the possibility of adherence of the dressing to the surface of a drying wound. Many dressings, as they take up fluid, transport this laterally throughout the absorbent layer, including the inner surface that is in direct contact with the skin. The presence of a suitable wound contact layer can reduce although not eliminate this effect entirely as it forms an interface layer that physically separates the moist dressing surface from the periwound skin. In the case of a chronic wound that contains high concentrations of proteolytic enzymes, this may lead to excoriation of the skin with consequent enlargement of the wound itself.
An alternative method of preventing this problem involves the use of a dressing that forms an adhesive bond or seal with the skin right up to the margin of the wound. A similar sealing effect is achieved in products coated with soft silicone technology in which an absorbent layer of foam, backed with a polyurethane membrane, is coated with a layer of soft silicone that forms a gentle bond or seal between the dressing and the wound in order to ensure that fluid is taken up by the dressing and does not escape on to the surface of the skin.
Such products differ from dressings in which an absorbent pad is located in the centre of a sheet of foam or film coated with adhesive to form an island dressing. A soft silicone dressing was compared with an island dressing in a clinical study involving 38 patients.
It is vital, however, that all dressings used in this way are either sufficiently permeable to moisture vapour or have sufficient fluid affinity to cope with TEWL through the intact skin. Hard data on the effect of moisture-related skin changes on treatment costs are hard to find, and the author is unaware of any dressing studies specifically focused on this area. Given the multiplicity of dressings available and the clinical and financial implications of significant maceration, it might be supposed that the medical literature would contain a wealth of information on the treatment of this condition. The authors also considered the evidence for the use of honey, topical negative pressure therapy, compression therapy and the use of a skin protectant. In the absence of hard evidence from controlled studies, best practice standards based on expert opinion supported by laboratory or other experimental data (where relevant) must be used to guide clinical practice.
For example, despite the lack of published data, many clinicians would accept that the use of compression, which reduces oedema and exudate production, will almost inevitably impact upon maceration. In most instances it is likely that periwound skin damage, regardless of its primary cause, may be prevented by the adoption of simple measures including the application and frequent replacement of appropriate dressings, and the use of skin protectants or barrier creams combined with good nursing practice. Historically, the selection of a dressing was determined by a number of factors, the majority of which were related to the position and nature of the wound, with particular attention paid to the presence of infection, odour and the amount of exudate present.
AcknowledgementThis article was sponsored by an unrestricted educational grant from M?lnlycke Health Care.
Please specify in the message section below which office you would like to be seen at. It has a distinctive anti-inflammatory and healing power with broad spectrum antimicrobial effect. Skin inflammation, changes in texture or colour and spots may be the result of infection, a chronic skin condition, or contact with an allergen or irritant.
It is intended for general information purposes only and does not address individual circumstances. American hospitals recently implemented the chart on the left in an effort to prevent pressure sores. While treatment of hospital bedsores is expensive, it is a requirement to maintain the patient's health.
Patients with decubitus ulcers are at a higher risk of infection (like sepsis) and disease by way of their open wounds. Leg ulcers are the result of venous insufficiency, peripheral arterial occlusive disease or peripheral neuropathy. Infection of a leg ulcer further increases the risk of severe damages that need to be controlled, through systemic therapy. Edema need to be well managed with help of mechanical therapy, for treating venous insufficiency. Compression stocking increases the healing rate of ulcers and lowers the chances of its recurrence, by reducing venous hypertension, increasing fibrinolysis and improving the microcirculation of the skin.
The therapy may involve less or more invasive vascular procedures that help to elevate the peripheral blood flow. Hence, a vascular surgeon must be consulted for arterial ulcers, to determine the right level of amputation, whenever necessary.
Once ulceration initiates, treatment focuses on debridement (removal of dead or infected tissue), pressure relief and treating the core infection. Platelets get accumulated in the debrided wound, thereby promoting the inflammatory stage of wound healing. Topical growth factors, silver impregnated dressings, negative pressure wound therapy and living skin equivalents are amongst the various adjunctive therapies available at the specialist end that can be employed to treat wound, during leg ulcer care.
However, the widespread use of the term maceration can be misleading and may potentially lead to inappropriate treatments. This encompasses skin changes such as superficial damage including nappy rash and intertrigo, as well as severe excoriation caused by the efflux of proteolytic enzymes from chronic wounds such as leg ulcers.
Sometimes, however, dressings are applied to donate or conserve moisture in order to prevent desiccation and tissue death. It also discusses the importance of preventing excessive moisture loss from certain wound types and describes the way in which dressings can donate or conserve moisture in such situations. The total volume of fluid held in the skin of a 70kg man is about 7 litres, but the moisture content varies throughout its structure. Together these comprise around 30% of the stratum corneum and are known as natural moisturising factor (NMF), consisting of 40% free amino acids, 12% prolidine carboxylic acid, 12% lactate and 7% urea, together with minerals, electrolytes and sugars. Hyaluronan, which is regarded principally as a dermal component, is also present in the epidermis, where it helps to maintain the structure and epidermal barrier function.
It has also been demonstrated that repeated exposure to water can adversely affect the fluid control mechanisms of the skin by depletion of NMF even without prior solvent extraction .
These are characterised by pronounced softening, swelling and wrinkling of the epidermis, which certainly may be described as maceration according to the strict definition of the term. The relatively impermeable nature of these materials prevents normal TEWL, which in turn leads to the accumulation of moisture within the skin and, ultimately, the same softening and wrinkling as described above. In a hot bath, the situation is actually exacerbated by the fact that the capillaries within the skin are dilated as the body attempts to produce increased sweat as part of its normal temperature-regulating process.
However, while in this condition the skin is more susceptible to physical damage, and its protective barrier properties to chemicals and micro-organisms are impaired. In such situations, oily emollients added to the bath, which form a film on the surface of the water, are transferred to the skin as the person rises out of the water. While these skin changes may be partly due to maceration, which predisposes the affected area to traumatic injury (which may also be caused by some types of adhesive dressings), a second and potentially more important factor is the presence within chronic wound fluid of proteolytic enzymes. In one clinical study it was reported that maceration occurred in 55% of ulcers under investigation .
Every year pharmaceutical and cosmetic companies spend millions of pounds in developing and promoting products designed to improve the moisture content of the skin and reduce the appearance of lines and wrinkles.
In extreme cases, total dehydration caused by death of the underlying dermal structures will lead to the formation of a dry black leathery eschar, commonly associated with pressure ulcers (see Figure 5). Too dry and epithelialisation will be delayed, too wet and there is a risk of maceration and infection .
The capacity of deep partial thickness wounds to undergo spontaneous healing depends upon the survival of epidermal cells in hair follicles and sweat glands in the base of the wound; if these are allowed to become dehydrated and devitalised the wound may actually increase in size and convert from a partial-thickness to a full-thickness injury. The use of traditional dry dressings in these situations can result in progressive dehydration of the threatened zone followed by devitalisation and necrosis, with the result that this zone becomes indistinguishable from the original lesion.
Primary requirements are those that are common to most wound management materials; secondary requirements relate to specific types of wounds or wounds in a particular condition or stage in the healing process. For example, sterile maggots represent arguably the most rapid and cost-effective non-surgical method for achieving a clean wound bed, but few would suggest that they should be applied to all types of wounds throughout the entire healing process.
It follows, therefore, that for some wounds, but by no means all, optimal wound management may involve the sequential application of a number of 'ideal dressings' that are selected according to the condition of the wound as it progresses towards healing. Most products possess some absorptive capacity that may be provided by means of absorbent fibres or foam that rapidly take up fluid from the wound surface. This can be particularly important in the case of products made from foam which, although capable of taking up significant volumes of fluid, do not necessarily retain this well under compression.
Such layers permit the loss of fluid by evaporation through the back of the dressing while preventing the ingress or egress of liquid or micro-organisms.
Available in many forms, including perforated plastic films or nets, these layers are most commonly used in dressings that have an absorbent layer made from foam or cellulose fibre. This can increase the moisture content at the skin surface, which in turn may lead to maceration or other moisture-related effects described previously. If the wound is heavily exuding and the absorbent capacity of the dressing is insufficient to cope with all the fluids produced, exudate may accumulate in the defect and then gradually spread across the surface of the skin beneath the wound contact layer. An early example of such a product is the hydrocolloid dressing, which has one surface that is uniformly coated with an adhesive gel-forming mass. In clinical studies such dressings have been shown to facilitate vertical wicking and reduce periwound maceration and pain  . When selecting such a dressing its island area must be larger than the wound itself so that it covers the wound area by some distance and overlaps the surrounding skin. Although healing rates were similar in the two treatment groups, as might be predicted, the incidence of maceration and local skin damage was significantly greater in the group treated with the island dressing .
It is not unreasonable to assume, however, that secondary damage caused in this way will delay healing and extend treatment times - with obvious financial implications for dressing usage, nursing time and, potentially, extended periods of hospitalisation. In fact, in 2007 a systematic review of the literature relating to the management of maceration of the periwound skin  identified nine relevant articles and in only six of these was maceration cited as a primary or secondary outcome variable.
While there was reasonably strong evidence to support the use of skin protectants, the authors found no supporting evidence for the other treatment modalities .
It must also be remembered that absence of evidence of effectiveness is not the same as evidence of ineffectiveness. Similarly the application of topical negative pressure, which continuously removes exudate from the immediate vicinity of a wound, will reduce the possibility of skin damage caused by the spread of irritant wound fluid over the periwound skin.
These simple measures should impact favourably on the patient's quality of life by reducing the pain and some of the inconvenience associated with a heavily exuding wound. Relatively little attention was given to the management of periwound skin or the effect that the choice of dressing system might have on this potentially vulnerable area. The situation has been further improved by the advent of effective skin-friendly adhesive systems which form an effective seal between the dressing and the skin around the wound margin, and which also permit replacement of dressings without the production of the pain or trauma sometimes encountered with traditional adhesive materials . It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment and should not be relied on to make decisions about your health. The pressure sore flow chart diagram offers insight into the steps a hospital nurse or doctor should take to prevent bedsores in hospital patients. Bedsore patients also suffer painful decubitus ulcer wounds which require debridements and surgery. One may also make use of multilayer of compression bandages to effectively reduce the edema.
The dermis contains about 80% water and the stratum corneum about 30%, which is non-uniformly distributed, varying from around 40% in the inner layers to around 10-15% in the outermost horny layer .
For a more comprehensive review of the fluid control mechanisms of the skin, see Agache and Black . A water-transporting protein, aquaporin-3, has additionally been discovered in the viable epidermis. These effects are generally assumed to be caused by absorption of the bath water by the outer layer of the skin. Occluded (macerated) skin has also been shown experimentally to be more sensitive to irritants . This thin oily layer helps to conserve any additional moisture taken up in the stratum corneum during bathing.
These can chemically degrade exposed skin, resulting in a red, weeping surface (see Figure 1). Maceration is a particular problem in diabetic ulcers , which in common with heavily exuding ulcers of all types, require frequent re-dressing to avoid or reduce damage to the surrounding skin   (see Figure 2).
When the occlusive effects of a nappy are not matched by its absorbency, hyperhydration of the stratum corneum occurs that progresses to maceration, increasing the coefficient of friction of the skin and predisposing to epidermal damage caused by rubbing. The prevention of dehydration by the application of a suitable occlusive or semipermeable dressing may limit or prevent these secondary effects. In both groups, the performance requirements have been divided into those which are determined principally by the design and construction of the dressing, over which the clinician has little or no influence, and those in which the ability of the product to perform in the required fashion is also influenced to a significant extent by the nature and condition of the wound. Similarly, a dressing that promotes angiogenesis and the production of granulation tissue may not be equally suitable for the final epithelialisation stage of wound closure.
Depending on the design of the dressing, this is then distributed throughout the body of the absorbent layer, spreading both laterally and vertically towards the outer surface. Unlike the finite absorption capacity, the ability of the dressing to cope with exudate by evaporation is relatively unlimited, and is determined only by the permeability of the membrane relative to the rate of exudate production by the wound. The moist layer forms a pathway along which micro-organisms can migrate, either into or out of the wound.
Provided that the seal remains intact, such a dressing is able to form a very effective protective covering to the healthy skin while absorbing (gelling) exudate in the immediate vicinity of the wound.
However, when using this technique, it is important to consider the moisture vapour permeability of the film component of the dressing system for if this is too low it could actually cause maceration of the periwound skin by preventing TEWL. It was often tacitly accepted that wound fluid would inevitably escape from a heavily exuding leg ulcer on to the surrounding skin under the effects of gravity and there was relatively little that could be done to prevent this, other than to apply large quantities of bulky padding in an attempt to absorb the excess fluid. Prevention and treatment of moisture-associated skin damage (maceration) in the periwound skin. Effect of soaking and natural moisturizing factor on stratum corneum water-handling properties.
The silver-releasing foam dressing, Contreet Foam, promotes faster healing of critically colonised venous leg ulcers: a randomised, controlled trial.
Comparison of two periwound skin protectants in venous leg ulcers: a randomised controlled trial. Formation of the scab and the rate of epithelization of superficial wounds in the skin of the young domestic pig. A note on wound healing under dressings with special reference to perforated-film dressings.
A study to compare a new self-adherent soft silicone dressing with a self-adherent polymer dressing in stage II pressure ulcers.
Yet, while many are minor, they may indicate something more serious, so always seek medical advice for correct diagnosis. Never ignore professional medical advice in seeking treatment because of something you have read on the BootsWebMD Site.
However, once a bedsore deteriorates to a Stage III or Stage 4 decubitus ulcer, it becomes harder to heal. This figure can increase to around 60% when the skin is immersed or exposed to a very wet environment . All these findings have brought new insights into the mechanisms of skin water distribution and barrier function.
The water then permeates the intercellular spaces, crosses cell membranes and swells the corneocytes . When exposed to a warm dry environment the skin returns to normal in minutes and no further treatment is indicated or required. Faecal enzymes (urease, proteases and lipases) also can have a deleterious effect on the skin . And a film dressing that may provide ideal conditions for the final stages in the healing process of an epithelialising wound, will not be suitable for a slough-filled heavily exuding infected leg ulcer.
At this point a second mechanism of action may come into play in which the absorbed fluid comes into contact with gel-forming agents located within or behind the absorbent layer. The relative importance of these fluid handling mechanisms is determined by the structure, composition and physical characteristics of the various components from which the dressing or dressing system is constructed.
If the adhesive seal fails around the wound margin, however, exudate contained within the vicinity of the wound will escape and flood over the skin, leading to maceration or excoriation by the mechanisms described previously. If the skin changes also contribute to the development of infection, there may be additional costs for systemic antimicrobial therapy.
Products made from alginate or carboxymethylcellulose fibre are particularly prone to this problem, especially if they are not used with appropriate secondary dressings .
Blow the whistle, expose the elder neglect, file an administrative report with the hospital and file a decubitus ulcer lawsuit with a decubitus ulcer lawyer. In elderly or immobile patients, maceration secondary to incontinence of urine or faeces is sometimes regarded as a precursor to skin damage caused by pressure and shearing effects, leading to pressure ulcer formation or extension . These gel formers may be derivatives of starch, or superabsorbent polymers that possess a remarkable affinity for liquid.
As in many areas of clinical practice, prevention of moisture-related skin changes is better (and cheaper) than cure.
Debridements and plastic surgery are possible treatment solutions for Stage 4 decubitus ulcers.
Sometimes, as in the case of dressings made from alginate, the absorbent and gel-forming layers are one and the same. Most people recover, but pain, numbness, and itching linger for many and may last for months, years, or the rest of their lives. Speak with a decubitus ulcer lawyer to obtain relevant legal advice specific to your potential case. The hiring of a lawyer is an important decision that should not be based solely upon advertisements.
Hives (urticaria)Hives, a common allergic reaction that looks like welts, are often itchy, stinging, or burning. Severe hives can be associated with difficulty breathing (get immediate medical attention if this occurs). Medication, foods, or food additives, temperature extremes, and infections like a sore throat can cause hives. PsoriasisA non-contagious rash of thick red plaques covered with silvery scales, psoriasis usually affects the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back. The precise cause of psoriasis is unknown, but the immune system mistakenly attacks skin cells causing new skin cells to develop too quickly. EczemaEczema describes several non-contagious conditions where skin is inflamed, red, dry, and itchy. Stress, irritants (like soaps), allergens, and climate can trigger flare-ups though they're not eczema's cause, which is unknown.
Treatments include emollient creams and ointments, steroid creams and ointments, antibiotics and antihistamines.
RosaceaOften beginning as a tendency to flush easily, rosacea causes redness on the nose, chin, cheeks, forehead, and can cause eye irritation. If left untreated, bumps and pus-filled pimples can develop, with the nose and oil glands becoming bulbous.
Rosacea treatment includes topical gels, medication, as well as surgery to remove blood vessels or correct nose disfigurement.
Rash from poisonous plantsMost plants in the UK will not give you a rash, but the same is not always true on holiday abroad where you may be in contact with species that don't grow here. For example, in the US, contact with sap from poison ivy, oak, and sumac causes a rash in most people. The typical rash is arranged as a red line on an exposed area, caused by the plant dragging across the skin. The sharp edge of closely shaven hair can curl back and grow into the skin, causing irritation and pimples, and even scarring. To minimise razor bumps, have a hot shower before shaving, shave in the direction of hair growth, and don't stretch the skin while shaving. Skin tagsA skin tag is a small flap of flesh-coloured or slightly darker tissue that hangs off the skin by a connecting stalk.
They're usually found on the neck, chest, back, armpits, under the breasts or in the groin area. Skin tags are not dangerous and usually don't cause pain unless they become irritated by clothing or nearby skin rubbing against them.
Have a medical check-up for moles that change, have irregular borders, unusual or uneven colour, bleed or itch. Age, sun or liver spots (lentigines)These pesky brown spots are not really caused by ageing, though they do multiply as you age.
They're the result of sun exposure, which is why they tend to appear on areas that get a lot of sun, such as the face, hands, and chest. To rule out serious skin conditions such as melanoma, seek medical advice for correct identification. Pityriasis roseaA harmless rash, pityriasis rosea usually begins with a single, scaly pink patch with a raised border. Days to weeks later, salmon-coloured ovals appear on the arms, legs, back, chest, and abdomen, and sometimes the neck. The rash, whose cause is unknown, usually doesn't itch, and usually goes away within 12 weeks without needing treatment.
MelasmaMelasma (or chloasma) is characterised by brown patches on the cheeks, nose, forehead and chin.
Melasma may go away after pregnancy but, if it persists, can be treated with prescription creams and over-the-counter products. Cold soresSmall, painful, fluid-filled blisters around the mouth or nose, cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus.
Antiviral pills or creams can be used as treatment, but seek medical advice immediately if sores contain pus, you have a fever greater than 38C, or if your eyes become irritated. WartsCaused by contact with the contagious human papillomavirus (HPV), warts can spread from person to person or via contact with something used by a person with the virus. You can prevent spreading warts by not picking them, covering them with bandages or plasters, and keeping them dry. Seborrheic keratosisNoncancerous growths that may develop with age, seborrhoeic keratoses can appear anywhere on the body - but particularly on the chest or back - alone, or in groups. They may be dark or multicoloured, and usually have a grainy surface that easily crumbles, though they can be smooth and waxy. Because seborrheic keratoses may be mistaken for moles or skin cancer, seek medical advice for correct diagnosis.
Meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies discovered.
Carbs, however excessive in fats hold my carbs to less than one hundred your.
Given up trying to help people your family member suffers from genetic clue that contributes.


text:
Q: MPI_Scatter segmentation fault with malloc Can you explain why this code works perfectly fine:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <mpi.h>

typedef struct Point
{
    double x;
    double y;
} point;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  int rank, size;
  MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);
  MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &rank);
  MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &size);

  MPI_Datatype mpi_point;
  MPI_Type_contiguous(2, MPI_DOUBLE, &mpi_point);
  MPI_Type_commit(&mpi_point);

  point local[2];

  if(rank==0)
  {
    point *buf;
    buf = malloc(10*sizeof(point));
    for(int i = 0; i<10; i++)
    {
        buf[i].x= (double)i;
        buf[i].y= (double)i+i;
    }
    MPI_Scatter(buf, 2, mpi_point, &local, 2, mpi_point, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
    free(buf);
  }
  else
  {
    point *buf = NULL;
    MPI_Scatter(buf, 2, mpi_point, &local, 2, mpi_point, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
  }

  printf("Hello, process %d has points: 1-> %f %f 2-> %f %f\n", rank, local[0].x, local[0].y, local[1].x, local[1].y);
  MPI_Finalize();
  return 0;
}

and this one below doesn't work? A lot of error output ending with segmentation fault.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <mpi.h>

typedef struct Point
{
    double x;
    double y;
} point;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  int rank, size;
  MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);
  MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &rank);
  MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &size);

  MPI_Datatype mpi_point;
  MPI_Type_contiguous(2, MPI_DOUBLE, &mpi_point);
  MPI_Type_commit(&mpi_point);

  point *local;

  if(rank==0)
  {
    point *buf;
    buf = malloc(10*sizeof(point));
    for(int i = 0; i<10; i++)
    {
        buf[i].x= (double)i;
        buf[i].y= (double)i+i;
    }
    MPI_Scatter(buf, 2, mpi_point, &local, 2, mpi_point, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
    free(buf);
  }
  else
  {
    point *buf = NULL;
    local = malloc(2*sizeof(point));
    MPI_Scatter(buf, 2, mpi_point, &local, 2, mpi_point, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
  }

  printf("Hello, process %d has points: 1-> %f %f 2-> %f %f\n", rank, local[0].x, local[0].y, local[1].x, local[1].y);
  MPI_Finalize();
  return 0;
}

The only difference is that local in one case is defined as a vector "directly" and in the other one it's a pointer and then I do the malloc. Shouldn't it be the same thing? Both of them are allocated in the stack with the same dimension, so how is it possible that the one with malloc doesn't work?


MaMa says there isn't an aroma that reminds her of Fall as much as the smell of walnuts baking in the oven. This Banana Walnut Cake made our home smell like Fall. MaMa and I got out all of our Fall decorations over the weekend, so now it really is starting to feel like Autumn.
This cake is also an excellent way to use up any too-ripe bananas that may be perched on your counter getting browner by the minute. So go ahead, make your house smell like Fall.
Directions: Preheat your oven to 350 degrees. Grease a 9 inch round cake pan with butter. Place the walnut pieces on a baking sheet and toast in the oven until fragrant, about 15 minutes. Once cool place 1 cup of the walnuts in a food processor for about 15 seconds. Finely chop the remaining of walnuts and set aside.
In a large bowl, cream together the butter and sugar on medium-high speed for about 3 minutes. Add the bananas and mix until the bananas are broken down. Gradually add the eggs, cream cheese and vanilla. Once all of the wet ingredients are well mixed you can start to slowly add the ground walnuts, the flours, baking powder and salt. Pour into the prepared pan and evenly sprinkle the reserved cup of chopped walnuts over the top of the batter. Bake for about 50 minutes or until a toothpick comes out clean. Allow to cool before serving. We especially enjoyed it with hot caramel drizzeled over each slice.


These Thorogood 9″ Inch Logger Steel Toe Work Boots are rugged loggers that have got you covered during the long work days and in the harshest conditions. The Vibram® outsole with reinforced tip stitch is slip-resistant and highly abrasion resistant. Add to that the Ultimate Shock Absorption footbed, and you'll stay comfortable on your feet long after the whistle blows.


text:
Kwame Adom Frimpong (born 19 December 1996) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as midfielder for Ghana Premier League side Asante Kotoko S.C. He previously had stints in Sweden playing for Dalkurd FF, KSF Prespa Birlik and Mjällby AIF and in Oman for Salalah SC.

Club career

Early career
Frimpong played for Swedish Division 1 side Dalkurd FF in 2015.

KSF Prespa Birlik
In 2016, Frimpong moved to Swedish lower-tier side KSF Prespa Birlik who had just been promoted into the Swedish Division 1 League. He made his league debut on 30 April 2016 in a 1–2 loss against IK Oddevold. He played in 21 league matches in the 2016 season.

Mjällby AIF
In December 2016, he moved to fellow Swedish team Mjällby AIF on a free transfer. The team then played in the Swedish Division 1 League. He went on to play in 12 league matches in the 2017 season. In 2018, Ghanaian compatriot Prosper Kasim joined Mjällby whilst he was playing for them.

Salalah SC
After the expiration of his contract with Mjällby, he signed for Oman First Division League side Salalah SC in 2018, where he spent one season playing and left the club when the season concluded.

Asante Kotoko
In December 2019, Frimpong signed a 3-year deal with Ghana Premier League giants Kumasi Asante Kotoko ahead of the 2019–20 Ghana Premier League. He was expected to fill the void left by club veteran Jordan Opoku who had part ways with the club. On 12 January 2020, he came on in 43rd minute for Salifu Mudasiru in a 1–0 loss against Berekum Chelsea to make his league debut. Before the 2019–20 Ghana Premier League season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, he had played 11 league matches out of 14 to help Kotoko to 3rd on the league table trailing just 3 points to 1st place Aduana Stars. He was named in the club's squad list for the 2020–21 Ghana Premier League season. He played all 3 matches during their 2020–21 CAF Champions League campaign and 1 match in 2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup against ES Sétif.

Style of play
Frimpong plays as central midfielder. Along with being a good passer with great vision he also composes the ability to contribute to offensive play along with being a solid tackler. When he was signed by Asante Kotoko, he was seen as a player to help strength the centre of the field for club and form a good midfield partnership with Justice Blay.

References

External links

Living people
1996 births
Association football midfielders
Ghanaian footballers
Dalkurd FF players
KSF Prespa Birlik players
Mjällby AIF players
Salalah SC players
Asante Kotoko S.C. players

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Today Toontrack Music released Vocal Toolbox EZmix Pack, a new expansion for their widely popular multi-effect mix tool EZmix 2.
The Vocal Toobox EZmix Pack is designed to be a Swiss Army Knife of vocal production. You'll find anything from warm and up close voice over presets to a multitude of effect saturated lead vocal settings, various FX voices and signal chains perfect for beefing up your background vocals! All professionally designed, covering genres across the board and, like always, just one click away.


text:
VW offices, employees' homes raided by German prosecutors
Meanwhile Volkswagen's American head is in Congress' sights
Jennifer Baker in Brussels Thu 8 Oct 2015 // 18:05 UTC
As European officials dither about new emissions rules, German prosecutors got real and raided Volkswagen's headquarters on Thursday.
The German car-maker said it was supporting the investigation and had handed over documents related to the diesel-gate scandal. French authorities are also going after the company following the discovery last month by the US Environmental Protection Agency that it was rigging its emissions tests.
The so-called "defeat device" was used on around 11 million vehicles worldwide, meaning that cars on the road were emitting far beyond the legal thresholds as tested in laboratories. According to VW, only vehicles with Type EA 189 engines were involved, but it added that it was still investigating to what extent the software interfered illegally with vehicles.
But prosecutors from Braunschweig are taking no chances and, according to Germany's Sueddeutsche Zeitung, raided the private homes of some VW employees suspected of fraud, as well as VW offices.
Also on Thursday afternoon, Michael Horn, head honcho of Volkswagen America, is up before a US Congressional panel. He will be grilled about how much he knew about emissions cheating and when.
In a published statement to the law-makers before the hearing, he admitted that he knew of possible problems as early as Spring 2014.
"Emissions software in four-cylinder diesel vehicles from model years 2009-2015 contained a 'defeat device' in the form of hidden software that could recognize whether a vehicle was being operated in a test laboratory or on the road. The software made those emit higher levels of nitrogen oxides when the vehicles were driven in actual road use than during laboratory testing," he said.
There has already been a purge of top jobs at VW, but more heads may yet roll. ®