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Sound On Sound - Jan 1986	Oberheim Matrix-6
Oberheim Matrix-6
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by Paul Wiffen
Flying in the face of fashion, Oberheim's new Matrix-6 polysynth utilises traditional analogue voicing and offers some of the most powerful and versatile sounds around. Keyboards man Paul Wiffen checks out its pedigree.
Flying in the face of fashion, Oberheim's new Matrix-6 utilises traditional analogue sound generation and offers one of the most powerful and versatile synthesizers available. Keyboards man Paul Wiffen checks out the pedigree.
Eighteen months ago, a new synth module appeared on the market and caused something of a sensation. Not because it represented the latest in digital synthesis, which (in the shape of the DX7) was ruling the roost at the time; not because it made sampling more accessible to the average musician (this was still out of reach to most), and not even because it was cheap.
At £3,750 it certainly wasn't that...
No, this module was a six-voice analogue synthesizer housed in an unassuming box which looked more like an Oberheim sequencer or drum machine.
Why all the fuss then? Simply because it gave the largest ever available voice creation possibilities outside a studio modular synth system, combining old established analogue features like filtering and the latest digital techniques of waveshaping and FM, together with velocity and pressure sensitivity. In a market dominated by Yamaha, and soon to be hi-jacked by the sampling keyboards, where it seemed to be impossible to sell anything over £2,000, it sold, sold well and continues, eighteen months later, to sell well today. Bill Aitken of SynthAxe said it was the most effective synth to use with their product, and even a sax player like Gary Barnacle used its CV to MIDI capabilities to make it the heart of his synthesized set-up in tandem with his instrument's acoustic sound. All across the board, the Oberheim Xpander (as the astute amongst you will already have guessed) was an enormous success.
Next, Oberheim took two of them, together with a weighted wooden keyboard, and combined them in a 12-voice package called the Matrix-12, which was enough to make even blase, seen-it-all synthesists like Andy Richards drool. However, this did nothing to alleviate the weight of the price, now a cool six grand or so.
The Matrix-6, instead of doubling the Xpander's price (as did the Matrix-12), makes the same sort of facilities available at half the price.
Yet, incredibly, it delivers a velocity and pressure-sensitive keyboard as well, all for £1,750. So how is this achieved?
FACT OF LIFE
It is a fact of modern day synthesis (be it analogue, digital or sampling) that it is often not the sound quality which costs the money, but access to it. Yamaha's DX1 was prohibitively expensive, not because it gave you much more than two DX7s, but because you could see what you were doing, whilst their TX modules bring the cost of DX7 voicing down to £500 apiece but without parameter access, except through MIDI. By the same token, the Prophet 2000 which sounds better than the Emulator II in my view, doesn't have the same programming display and separate outputs, so it costs less than a quarter of the Emulator's original price.
The hard fact of the matter is that soon the knobs on the front and the jack sockets on the back of keyboards will cost more than all the technical wizardry inside, which in any case is 90% software these days, and its development cost can be split across all the units you ever hope to sell. It is no coincidence that each new synth and/or drum machine that comes out has fewer knobs and outputs, while at the same time their internal capabilities seem to multiply exponentially.
And this is exactly how Oberheim have achieved this remarkable reduction in cost. Gone are all the pots, and the long LED switches from the front panel of the Xpander and many of the separate inputs and outputs from the back. In fact, the front panel of the Matrix-6 would look as blank as that of the Ensoniq Mirage if Oberheim hadn't decided (as Ensoniq should have done) to list all the parameters on the front for immediate reference (hands up all those who hate that bit of plastic-covered card you get with the Mirage?).
However, the internal capability of the Xpander voicing has not been reduced one jot and the factory patches supplied in the Matrix-6 testify to this fact. There are many sounds here which have not changed even in name from those of the Xpander: hard FM piano sounds, strident brass and silky smooth strings (both of which hark back to the halcyon days of the OB range), fat bass voices and splendid pure synthesizer sounds which herald real creativity instead of mere imitation. My personal favourites are those sync-type sounds, much beloved by a certain Mr Jan Hammer. The inherent flexibility of the voicing system allows you to go further in that direction than ever before... boldly, of course.
The programming of the instrument is done by the now familiar Parameter/Value system using touch membrane switches both for keypad, incrementer and mode selector functions. Personally, I really hate membrane switches. Still, if they can make such significant price decreases, who's complaining? Certainly not me.
You select between three main modes: Patch, Split and Master - Patch and Split both having several sub-modes.
The first Patch Select allows you to step through the voice patches stored in the machine using the < > incrementer, or call up a particular one by hitting a two digit number on the keypad. This can be a bit awkward if you miss as you need to hit both numbers again. Still, a little care and there is no problem. The names and numbers of each patch are shown in the display.
Patch Edit accesses the 95 Parameters which make up a basic patch and then by moving to the membrane Value switch you can make changes. This slow process was just beginning to get on my nerves when I noticed the Quick option. This makes the incrementer section select the parameter and the keypad changes the values. Whilst this is a vast improvement on switching constantly between Value and Parameter, I can't help feeling that the incrementer would be better used to change values whilst the keypad would be more effective for jumping between different parameters. Still, that's only my opinion. What do you think?
Matrix Mod is the other Patch sub-mode and this gives access to the Aladdin's cave of the Matrix-6. But, he said tantalisingly, we'll look at that later. The Split Mode has two sub-modes also which are identical in concept to those for Patch. The Split Select option shows the patch name and number (there are 50), and allows them to be stepped through or called up by typing, whilst the Split Edit mode allows the parameters of the currently selected split to be changed.
The incrementer knobs < > move up and down in single units whilst those marked « » do the same in units of five. Pressing both >» together goes up in tens («< together goes down in tens). This saves a lot of waiting about, providing you can manage the different size steps. Still, practice makes perfect.
Having heard the excellent factory preset sounds, I could not resist trying to create some of that ilk myself though I soon came face to face with the reality of the Matrix-6. With all these parameters, it is tricky to know where to start (95 just for the Patch Edit, to be precise). However, keeping a level head (the basic axiom in these circumstances - too many people think 'I'll never cope with this' and give up), I picked a factory patch and began to edit it.
After a slow start, I soon found myself adding vibrato using pressure. Pulse Width Modulation from LFO 2, and adding a 'harder' sync to DCO 1. Now these terms are merely a taster of what editing on the Matrix-6 is like. It is most definitely not a synth for the beginner. But having said that, I doubt there are many things you might want to do that it cannot cope with. It seems fairly logical that to synthesize complex sounds, you need a complex synthesizer - and the Matrix-6 is certainly that. I found myself longing for routing diagrams like those on the Xpander's front panel (God only knows where they would have put them!), but these are not even included in the manual. Consequently, to confidently programme sounds on the Matrix-6 you need a fair old knowledge of how the various components of a synthesizer tend to interact. I, of course, in my capacity as a keyboard programmer, am supposed to know about such things, but even yours truly found the profusion of jargonese (particularly in the abbreviated form in which it appears in the Matrix's LED programming display) a bit daunting.
The conclusion I reached from this, is that you will not get more than 0.05% of its potential out of the Matrix-6 unless you sit down and read the manual from cover to cover. Now I know that some of you are genetically incapable of anything as mundane and I therefore advise you lot to stick with your Juno 106. But for those of you who want to expand your synthesis horizons, it is a fascinating and severely educational experience. It can open your eyes to a whole new area of synthesis not to mention rendering ridiculous the notion that analogue synthesis is 'too limited'.
Sometimes though, I can't help feeling that the parameters are deliberately labelled a little obtusely. Why call Parameter 22 'FREQ MOD BY ENV 1' when we all know it as VCF ENV AMOUNT, or 29 'VCA2 MOD BY ENV2' instead of AMP ENV AMOUNT. It also seems to me that it wouldn't have hurt to subtitle ENV 1 with Filter and ENV 2 with Amplifier, so that people who are familiar with other companies' synths are not completely flummoxed.
Nevertheless, despite my complaint about nomenclature (or whose jargon you use), one thing is certain: Oberheim certainly leave no stone unturned, as far as synthesis is concerned.
Although no review of the Matrix-6 could do full justice to the possibilities (unless it exceeded the 100 pages of the manual), we should at least look at the basic voice channel to get some perspective on the flexibility of the system.
This begins with two analogue oscillators (you can tell because an auto-tune routine of up to five seconds is still necessary) which are referred to as DCO 1 and 2 (Digitally Controlled Oscillators) to show the fine degree of control available over them. They can be detuned from each other or synced together. Basic waveform choice is Pulse and/or Sawtooth, but Pulse Width and Shape controls are available to give an infinite number of variations, all with their individual harmonic content. Pulse Width Modulation is available from LFO 2, while LFO 1 can produce pitch modulations such as vibrato or even FM (more confusing jargon with 'FREQ MOD BY LFO1', which covers all pitch modulation, not just FM).
The VCF/VCA section covers the usual filtering and loudness controls in conjunction with ENV 1 and ENV 2 respectively, but adds the control from keyboard velocity and pressure as well. ENV 1,2 and 3 (which is used for FM amongst other things) all boast delay, LFO or external control and different trigger responses in addition to the normal ADSR functions.
FM/TRACK
In an interesting variation on standard FM, the Matrix-6 uses the filter as an oscillator (by turning the resonance to full) and is hardwired to DCO 1 for its FM mode, with the sawtooth wave permanently selected. This makes it an either/or situation vis-a-vis analogue synthesis, but then you can always double two sounds together. Interesting effects can be created, however, particularly with large FM amounts, whilst smaller ones tend to give more musical results. The FM amounts can also be controlled by velocity and pressure. A worthwhile section to include this, especially for the investigative synthesist, but don't expect to create DX7-type sounds straightaway. Yamaha's FM voicing is, after all, much more complex than this.
The LFOs (two of them) are not your run-of-the-mill vibrato jobs either. Each can be modified by the keyboard or ramps or lagged (nothing to do with hot-watertanks - it means delayed), as well as having six waveforms available. If this is not enough, the LFO can sample any other modulation source and use that as its waveform. Whilst nothing to do with sound sampling, it is nonetheless a fascinating technique for more progressive stuff. That just about covers the basic Patch Edit parameters, although somewhat thinly. However, as if this plethora isn't really enough, there is the splendid Matrix Modulation System to fall back on.
Developed exclusively by Oberheim, this sort of flexibility seemed to have been lost for ever since the decline of the studio synth system with the old patch cables. But Oberheim's system means that we can go back to the techniques of trying outrageous routings just to see (or hear) what happens. As they proudly announce in the manual, this system gives 1.2 x 1042 possible modulation combinations. That should keep you going until tea-time! So how does this system work? Well, in addition to those 'hard-wired' modulation routings we saw earlier (ENV 1 to VCF, LFO 2 to PWM, etc), you can select any one of 20 modulation sources and send a variable amount to any one of 32 destinations. This should cover most eventualities!
Realistically, you could spend the rest of your life investigating the possibilities of this section, and whilst I don't advocate this (unless you're looking for something to take with you to the late, great Mr Plumley's Desert Island), a couple of weeks would not be wasted and at the end of it your synthesis horizons would be considerably expanded.
You can use up to ten of these 'custom' modulations in each patch, personalising a synth voice to previously unavailable levels. So no two programmers' sounds need ever be the same. This system of Oberheim's won't be out-dated, even when FM synthesis and sound sampling have out-lived their usefulness!
Once you have settled on a voice patch (or patches), then you can begin to combine them together into 'splits' and 'doubles' (all referred to as 'splits' by Oberheim). But without wishing to sound predictable, it seems hardly worth mentioning that Oberheim's idea of a split is a good deal more flexible than the standard split/double synth. Even the split point bears witness to this.
Rather than simply setting a split point, you specify a lowest and highest note for both right and left (upper and lower) voices. But this is not merely restricted to the five octave keyboard of the Matrix-6. All ten octaves of MIDI assignment (note numbers 0-127) can be used, so that the keyboard of the instrument can be used to play one sound, while incoming sequencer data or a master keyboard can trigger notes above or below the five octaves in front of you. These ranges can also overlap completely or partially as required, giving rise to what we would normally call 'doubled sounds'.
Each of these ranges can have a separate transposition amount and can also send or receive on independent MIDI channels as required. All these features can also be selectively cancelled, so that one side is non-transposed but receiving MIDI on channel 5 whilst the other is transposed but played on the keyboard with MIDI being ignored.
Not only can you adjust the balance of volume between the two patches, but also the number of voices in the split. You can even assign no voices at all to either range so that only an external MIDI synth is played from that range. My only complaint here is that the six voices cannot be split 3/3, which is obviously the most useful for 'doubled' sounds (where both patches are played in the same range). Still, no-one's infallible are they?
This section governs the general set-up of the instrument. Here all general parameters for performance, such as overall velocity sensitivity and vibrato type, as well as all MIDI parameters and Cassette Interface operation, are controlled and marginally vital processes such as Auto-Tune and Master-Tune are carried out. Handy section this!
Despite the occasional oversight (like the lack of evenly distributed 'double' assignment) and a confusing tendency to jargonese which might deter the less than completely serious synthesist, the Matrix-6 makes an unprecedented number of features and modulation routings available at a price which would have seemed incredible only twelve months ago.
Unfortunately, this price now puts it right in the middle of the sampling keyboard market, towards which 99% of all keyboard players will be rushing lemming-like (just like they did to the DX7 eighteen months ago). My sincere hope is that the other 1% (and some of those who tire quickly of perfect strings, perfect brass, perfect pianos) will buy the Matrix-6 and through it rediscover the true creativity of synthesizing your own sound, rather than sampling somebody else's.
The internal sound structure of the instrument, whilst rivalling the complexity of the DX7, starts from a base which most of us are familiar with and builds upon that experience, making even the most versatile synthesist more capable and given to experiment. The Matrix-6 deserves considerably more than the six month run of the current market favourite. The Matrix-6 will give you a lifetime of creative synthesis.
(Contact Details)
Also featuring gear in this article
Oberheim Matrix 6 - Synthcheck
(IM Apr 86)
Six To A Dozen - Oberheim Matrix 6
(EMM Jan 86)
(EMM Aug 86)
Browse category: Synthesizer > Oberheim
Featuring related gear
Cubase MIDI Mixer - Programming Clinic (Part 1)
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Oberheim Matrix 1000 - Synth Expander
(MT Aug 88)
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Striking It Rich
(MIC Mar 90)
Browse category: Synthesizer Module > Oberheim
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Sound On Sound - Jan 1986
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<ref name="mz1288-oberheim-matrix-6">{{cite magazine|last=Wiffen|first=Paul|date=Jan 1986|title=Oberheim Matrix-6|pages=24-27|url=https://www.muzines.co.uk/articles/oberheim-matrix-6/1288|magazine=Sound On Sound|publisher=|location=United Kingdom|access-date=2022-01-20}}</ref>
{{cite magazine|last=Wiffen|first=Paul|date=Jan 1986|title=Oberheim Matrix-6|pages=24-27|url=https://www.muzines.co.uk/articles/oberheim-matrix-6/1288|magazine=Sound On Sound|publisher=|location=United Kingdom|access-date=2022-01-20}}
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<ref name="mz1288-oberheim-matrix-6">{{cite magazine
| last        = Wiffen
| first       = Paul
| date        = Jan 1986
| title       = Oberheim Matrix-6
| pages       = 24-27
| url         = https://www.muzines.co.uk/articles/oberheim-matrix-6/1288
| magazine    = Sound On Sound
| publisher   =
| location    = United Kingdom
| access-date = 2022-01-20}}</ref>
{{cite magazine
| access-date = 2022-01-20}}
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Gear in this article:
Synthesizer > Oberheim > Matrix-6
Gear Tags:
Analog Synth
Polysynth
Other articles featuring gear in this article:
> Oberheim Matrix 6 IM Apr 86
> Six To A Dozen EMM Jan 86
> Patchwork EMM Aug 86
Related Gear:
Synthesizer Module > Oberheim > Matrix 1000
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text:
Q: Discord.js how can I create an invite for every guild my bot is in? I am trying to make a command, where I can get every guild invite that the bot is currently in.
Current code:
client.on('message', async (message) => {
 if (message.content.startsWith(prefix + 'invite')) {
  let invite = client.guilds
   .createInvite({
    maxAge: 0, // 0 = infinite expiration
    maxUses: 0, // 0 = infinite uses
   })
   .catch(console.error);
  message.channel.send(invite);
 }
});

Error:
DiscordAPIError: Cannot send an empty message

A: Try this:
 var invites = []; // starting array
    message.client.guilds.cache.forEach(async (guild) => { // iterate loop on each guild bot is in

      // get the first channel that appears from that discord, because
      // `.createInvite()` is a method for a channel, not a guild.
      const channel = guild.channels.cache
        .filter((channel) => channel.type === 'text')
        .first();
      if (!channel || guild.member(client.user).hasPermission('CREATE_INSTANT_INVITE') return;
      await channel
        .createInvite({ maxAge: 0, maxUses: 0 })
        .then(async (invite) => {
          invites.push(`${guild.name} - ${invite.url}`); // push invite link and guild name to array
        })
        .catch((error) => console.log(error));
      console.log(invites);
    });

As an example, this is what I got after running the command:

*

*GuildChannel.createInvite()

*Array.prototype.forEach()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Surprise Pink Lemonade Petunia is draped in stunning pink trumpet-shaped flowers with yellow throats and hot pink edges at the ends of the stems from mid spring to late summer. Its pointy leaves remain green in color throughout the season. The fruit is not ornamentally significant.


text:
Home Actors Sanjay Dutt shifted to Yerwada Jail in Pune
Sanjay Dutt shifted to Yerwada Jail in Pune
One week has passed since the Bollywood actor Sanjay Dutt surrendered himself in the case of the possession of illegal arms. On May 21, 2013, the star was quietly shifted to the Yerwada prison in Pune from Mumbai's Arthur Road Jail. Dutt has been convicted in the 1993 Mumbai blasts case.
This is not the first time Sanjay will be lodged in Yerwada Jail. Last time the actor was lodged there as under-trial and now he will be staying as a convict. He will have to wear prison uniform with the 'C' mark, which stands for 'convict'. Dutt will be kept in the 'Anda cell', an egg-shaped cell considered to be the most secure place.
Last time he was in prison, the 'Munna Bhai' actor had taken up carpentry and this time he is expected to do some labor work. Dutt will be allowed a Rs. 1,500 allowance per month from his family to purchase essentials from the jail canteen. He will be allowed to meet visitors once a month, for just 20 minutes.
The court has allowed the actor to receive home-cooked food and has also accepted his appeal to have a thin mattress and a pillow along with medicines for a month. Sanjay's appeal to have electronic cigarettes was rejected by the court.
sanjay dutt jail
sanjay dutt pune
sanjay dutt yerwada
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text:
Friends, neighbours and rivals: The story of the Madrid Derby through the years
September 19, 2022 September 18, 2022 The African Mirror Real Madrid vs Atlético de Madrid, Atlético Madrid, Madrid Derby, Real Madrid
ALTHOUGH the city of Madrid currently boasts several LaLiga teams, Real Madrid vs Atlético de Madrid is the big one for many natives of the city, known as madrileños.
After Real Madrid were officially established in 1902, and then Atlético the following year, the two sides faced off in various friendlies and unofficial meetings before the first recorded official meeting in the Campeonato Regional Centro, a 1-1 draw on 2nd December 1906.
The rivalry continued through different regional and national championships, until 1928/29 when LaLiga began with both clubs as initial founder members. Their first meeting in the new competition came on 24th February 1929 at Real's Chamartín stadium. The home team won 2-1, with an extra edge added as both goals were scored by forward Monchin Triana, who had joined from Atlético just the previous year.
The idea of players crossing the city was not new, even then. Santiago Bernabéu, the legendary Blancos president who gave his name to the iconic stadium they play into this day, guested with Atlético in the 1920s. Real Madrid loaned Atlético forward Ramon Grosso in 1963/64 to help fight off relegation, while Mexico's Hugo Sánchez actually scored for both teams in LaLiga derbies during the 1980s.
Nowadays, there are many players who have ties to both sides. Real Madrid keeper Thibaut Courtois made his LaLiga debut for Atleti back in 2011; Simeone's side bought Marcos Llorente from their cross-town rivals in the summer 2019, while fellow summer signing Mario Hermoso came through the ranks at the Bernabéu.
That's not to say it has always been friendly. While ElClasico with FC Barcelona is arguably LaLiga Santander's biggest game internationally, for many at Real Madrid the derby remains the most special. "The team we wanted to beat, at all costs, was the neighbours," Blancos legend and all-time great Alfredo Di Stéfano recalled. "Losing meant our fans had to suffer jokes from the next day in the office, the bar and the street."
Over the years LaLiga has provided 170 opportunities for such ribbing. Real Madrid have 90 victories, Atlético 40 wins, with 40 draws.
Former Real Madrid winger and the club's current honorary president Paco Gento holds the all-time record for appearances in the fixture with 29, while Atlético's record appearance maker in the fixture is Adelardo Rodriguez with 27. Of current players, Blancos captain Karim Benzema (24) and Atlético midfielder Koke (19) top the lists. Di Stefano and 1980s striker Santillana have the most LaLiga goals in the fixture for Real (13), while 1940s teammates Paco Campos and Adrian Escudero share the record for Atlético with nine each.
Cup competitions have recently taken the rivalry to new heights at home and abroad. Atlético beat Real Madrid in the 2013 Copa del Rey final. Real Madrid then came out on top in the 2014 and 2016 Champions League deciders, while Diego Simeone's side beat their neighbours in the 2018 UEFA Super Cup. Furthermore, the last Madrid Derby between them apart from LaLiga Santander took place in January 2020 for the Spanish Super Cup final, where Real Madrid were crowned champions after beating Atlético on penalties (4-1).
Five things you may not know about the Madrid Derby
Atlético de Madrid vs Real Madrid: Atleti enter the Madrid…
Racists should be banned from stadiums, Vinicius Jr says
Five key reasons why Real Madrid are LaLiga Santander…
← Private wealth in Africa set for US$798 billion jump to US$3 trillion
Suez Canal authority to raise transit fees by 15% in 2023 →


New York was the best trip ever. When we first came to New York City I was so excited to see everything there. Especially the Louis Armstrong Museum. After seeing everything we stayed at a hotel in New Jersey. The next day we went to the house we were staying at. The two people that hosted us were married. Their names were Joel and Avi. After that we went to Queens, NY and saw the Louis Armstrong museum. And we went on a tour. I learned a lot that I needed for my part of the presentation. I finished writing my speech and the next day was the presentation. We got there early and went to the daycare. We had a lot of fun there. We played tag, four square, built a city and got a redwood tree so that we could plant them for the future. And then we had to give our family presentation. For the presentation my mom sat on the stage in the corner finger knitting. My dad did a one-minute song about the moment. Then my brother drove a remote control car with a white lunch box on top of it while my sister was talking about my dad's photos. Then I did the speech about Louis Armstrong and played the trumpet. Next was my sister. She sang and played the banjo while I played the trumpet. That was the end of the conference. We still had more time to see New York. It was one of the best trips I ever took.
going on called Human Hotel. It was a project that provided homes for families that were part of the conference. Our human hotel family was Joel and Avi Koepel. They were wonderful hosts. At the Queens Museum there was a daycare, where my siblings and I stayed most of the time, and what we did at the daycare was play games, go outside, see a diorama of New York City, and we had a small picnic. At the end of the daycare we had this paper asking 1 question: how can you make the conference less boring. Many people gave in answers. My sister and I read these aloud to strangers and conference people and we would just talk about it with them. We had a great time in New York. We went and explored as much as we can. This was the most impactful and favored trip we ever took.
When Alberto first told me we were invited to present at the Queens Museum I wasn't too excited. I didn't understand what that was or what it meant. One thing I did know was that through the conference and an organization called Wooloo they were providing housing for all 6 of us during our stay in New York. It was a huge relief and I was amazed that they would do that.
We arrived in New Brunswick, New Jersey late evening. I remember all of us being nervous to meet the strangers who graciously opened their home to us. When we pulled up we saw a man sitting on the front lawn awaiting our arrival. We all got out of the van to introduce ourselves and extended our hands to him -- and Joel said, "Give me a hug!" That was the beginning of a beautiful friendship. Avi gave us a warm welcome as soon as we walked into the house.
redwood tree to take home and plant and imagine it in 3014.
for school. Joaquin was really excited to learn even more about Louis Armstrong's life and influences. I think we all left the museum transformed and inspired. There were even times during the tour I wanted to cry.
Saturday we arrived to the Queens museum early so we could meet Martin of Wooloo and set up for the workshops we were leading at the daycare. Martin was so nice; we all talked a little bit about what we were going to do and then started setting up and making things. I remember at one point he said "I love how your kids just work so well together." It's funny how I don't even notice, I'm so used to them making stuff together all the time I've become immune to it — but I realized at that moment that I am truly amazed by them. We spent the entire morning at the daycare. There were very few kids (most of them were our kids) but we had a great time just creating with them. Martin had bought little Redwood trees, about 30 of them spread out in this beautiful space. We all went outside to eat our boxed lunches by the empty fountain in the back of the museum. We took our Redwood trees outside with us, too.
were going to do, but nothing is ever certain and decisions are made as we're going along. Paolo was the last one to figure out what his contribution to the presentation would be. He put one of the empty lunch boxes over his remote control car and drove it around the stage during the performance. That was perfect for him because he loves his remote control car. You couldn't tell there was a car under the box so it was funny seeing everyone's reaction to a moving lunch box.
tears by Joaquin's speech on Louis Armstrong, another asked us how we managed to make it feel so incredibly fluid, and I realized the power of what we'd just made as a family. Our trip and experience overall was incredible. We met some amazing people and got to explore New York City. What I was most surprised by was how much our kids loved NYC. They didn't want to leave.


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by sky-diving from a plane at 13,000 feet.
she doesn't know what overcame her when she decided to take the parachute jump.
She says she doesn't remember jumping from the plane.
she had perfect form and landed without a hitch.


Most people have thirty two permanent teeth that develop in their mouths. Failure of any these teeth to fully develop is called congenitally missing teeth or, in scientific terms, hypodontia.
Congenitally missing teeth is actually one of the most common dental developmental abnormalities, even more common than double teeth and having an extra tooth.
In fact, about 20% of all adults are congenitally missing at least one tooth!
What Are the Most Common Congenitally Missing Teeth?
1 – Wisdom Teeth – The teeth all the way in the back of your mouth. Wisdom teeth account for so many congenitally missing teeth that when you take them out of the equation, the percentage of adults with missing teeth drops from 20% to around 5%.
2 – Second Premolars – The teeth right in front of your molars. If you only have one instead of two, you could either have a congenitally missing tooth or it's possible that one of your premolars was taken out when you had braces.
3 – Upper Lateral Incisors – These are the two teeth to the side of your two front teeth.
4 – Lower Central Incisors – These are the two front teeth in the lower jaw. I've seen several adults in their 40's who still have their lower front baby teeth because the permanent ones were congenitally missing!
Congenitally missing teeth are much more common in permanent teeth. Only about 0.5 to 0.9% of kids have a congenitally missing baby tooth. If a child has a congenitally missing baby tooth, it is likely that there isn't a permanent tooth developing under the gums of the congenitally missing tooth.
Forming a tooth is a complex process. There are a lot of genetic signals that must be processed for everything to go correctly. Most cases of hypodontia result from a lack of a little band of tissue, known as the dental lamina, underneath the gums to form. Since the tooth forms from this band of tissue, the tooth will not form if the dental lamina does not form.
That band of tissue vhealthportal.com doesn't form due to a variety of different genetic factors. Scientists have pinpointed three main genes that play a big role in tooth development (AXIN2, PAX9, and MSX1.) If there is a mutation on any one of these three genes, it could mean that a tooth will not form.
Congenitally missing teeth are often associated with various syndromes, one of which is Down's syndrome. Congenitally missing teeth can also be genetic.
Some dental experts believe that we are currently in the intermediate stage of an evolutionary change in the number of teeth that humans have and that future members of the human race will only have somewhere around 20 teeth instead of 32.
If you are congenitally missing your wisdom teeth, then no treatment is really necessary since most people have their wisdom teeth extracted.
Learn why dentists often recommend getting your wisdom teeth removed.
If you are missing your lateral incisors, your second premolars, or any other teeth, then there are a few treatment options.
Getting an implant to replace your missing tooth is probably the treatment of choice. An implant has a root that integrates with your jaw bone and a crown to make it look like your natural tooth.
The next best option would be to get a bridge. A bridge is like three crowns connected together. The two teeth adjacent to the missing tooth are cut for dental crowns. The bridge is then placed onto those two adjacent teeth. The bridge has a fake tooth that connects to two crowned teeth and fills in the empty space from the congenitally missing tooth.
Another option for replacing a congenitally missing tooth would be to get a removable partial denture. This is an appliance that you can put in and take out of your mouth. It rests on your natural teeth and your gums and has teeth on it that replace the congenitally missing teeth.
Congenitally missing teeth is not as rare as you may have guessed. The causes of this phenomenon vary and there are also multiple treatments available if you are missing one or more of your teeth.
Do you have any questions about congenitally missing teeth? Did you have congenitally missing teeth? If so, did you do anything to fill in the empty space? I'd love to hear your questions, comments, and stories in the comments section below.
Has your child ever come up to you and told you that they have an extra tooth growing out of their upper jaw behind their permanent teeth? It's probably more likely that you've been told that your child has an extra tooth, or supernumerary tooth (we try to make up complicated words!) as dentists like to call it.
If so, you're not alone! It is estimated that supernumerary, or extra teeth occur in 2% of Caucasian children, with an even higher frequency in those of Asian descent.
Below you can see an x-ray of a child with a supernumerary tooth. The original x-ray is on the left, and I outlined the supernumerary tooth in green in the x-ray on the right.
This particular extra tooth is called a mesiodens. That means that it is right between the two upper middle front teeth. Only about 25% of these teeth actually erupt into the mouth. Most mesiodens teeth stay in the jawbone and never make it into the mouth.
Currently, it is believed that supernumerary teeth occur due to the continued growth of the tissue that forms teeth, known as the dental lamina.
Supernumerary teeth can be hereditary or they may be associated with one of two conditions: Gardner's Syndrome and Cleidocranial Dysplasia. Supernumerary teeth can also occur in people that don't have those two conditions and in those withouta family history of supernumerary teeth.
How Common Are Extra (Supernumerary) Teeth?
It is estimated that supernumerary teeth occur in 0.1-3.8% of Caucasians. They are even more common than that in people of Asian descent, although I couldn't find any hard numbers.
Supernumerary Teeth are twice as common in boys as they are in girls. Most supernumerary teeth form before the age of 20, although they are more commonly found with the permanent teeth rather than the baby teeth.
What are Supernumerary Teeth Called?
Extra teeth have a lot of names! They are classified based upon where they are located and what they look like.
If an extra tooth is located in the middle of the two front teeth, it is called a mesiodens. If the extra tooth is located around the molar area, it is called a paramolar. If the extra tooth is located behind the wisdom teeth, it is known as a distodens.
Conical Rudimentary Teeth look small or peg-shaped.
Tuberculate Rudimentary Teeth appear to be barrel-shaped and have more than one cusp.
Molariform Rudimentary Teeth look similar to premolar or molar teeth, but not enough to be called a supplemental tooth.
What Does a Supernumerary Tooth Look Like?
When I was out visiting my sister last summer, she told me that my nephew had to get an extra tooth removed. She told me I could even take a picture and put it up on Oral Answers.
You can see my nephew's supernumerary tooth to the right. It was a mesiodens, since it was growing right between his front two teeth. As you can see, the tooth doesn't really resemble any particular tooth, it just looks like a cylindrical piece of enamel.
Where Do Supernumerary Teeth Occur?
Almost all (around 95%) supernumerary teeth occur in the upper jaw. They mostly occur between the upper two front teeth. After that, you are most likely to find a supernumerary teeth behind the wisdom teeth.
As you can see, supernumerary teeth can pretty much occur anywhere in your head, although they are most likely to occur in your jaws like the rest of your teeth.
Do You Need to Have Supernumerary Teeth Removed?
The significance of supernumerary teeth is that they occupy space. When they are impacted, they may block the eruption of other teeth, or they may cause delayed eruption or maleruption of adjacent teeth. If supernumerary teeth erupt, they may cause malalignment of the dentition and may be cosmetically objectionable.
Because they can cause problems, it is generally a good idea to have supernumerary teeth removed.
If you have extra teeth, don't be alarmed! It is pretty common to have supernumerary teeth. You can work with your dentist to figure out what your options are for removing the tooth and aligning your smile correctly.
Have you had a supernumerary tooth? Do you have any questions about supernumerary teeth? I'd love to hear what you have to say in the comments section below. Thanks for reading!
Oral Cancer and Nutrition: Can Plant-Based Diets Prevent Cancer?
37,000 people are diagnosed with oral or pharyngeal cancer every year. That's more than 100 people per day. Only an estimated half of those diagnosed with oral or pharyngeal cancer will be alive in five years.
Guess how many of those 24 people could have saved their lives by eating better and exercising. 8.
That's nearly 3,000 people every year who could have lived longer had they only made a few simple dietary and lifestyle changes.
Last week I was doing an externship at a rural dental clinic. During some down time, I picked up a copy of the February 2011 issue of the Journal of the American Dental Association. The article Diet and Prevention of Oral Cancer really caught my eye. My dad passed away from cancer when I was 17. I've always been worried that someday I would end up with cancer too, so the prevention of cancer is something that interests me.
Evidence supports a recommendation of a diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables as part of a whole-foods, plant-based diet, with limited consumption of meat, particularly processed meat. However, use of dietary supplements (including vitamins, minerals and other bioactive compounds) in the absence of deficiencies has not been shown to confer the same benefits as those of fruits and vegetables, and patients should not use them as a substitute for fruit and vegetable consumption.
Consume a healthy diet, with an emphasis on plant sources.
Choose foods and beverages in amounts that help achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
Eat 5 or more servings of a variety of vegetables and fruits each day.
Choose whole grains in preference to processed (refined) grains.
Limit consumption of processed and red meats.
On the basis of the findings from the listed studies, there is enough evidence to point to a preventive role of vegetable intake, including green vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, and yellow vegetables, total fruit intake, and citrus fruit intake in oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal cancer development. Yellow fruits are likely to be protective. Carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E are protective, most likely in combination with each other and other micronutrients. The role of vitamin A is not clear because of conflicting findings in the studies reviewed.
These three sources all seem to agree that foods from plant sources have a preventive effect on the development of oral cancer. However, there are some foods that can increase your risk of developing oral cancer.
What Foods Increase the Risk of Oral Cancer?
Researchers have found that consumption of salted meat, processed meat and animal fat increases the risk of developing oral cancer. The results of a study conducted by Peters and colleagues showed that high consumption of dairy products is a risk factor for head and neck squamous cell cancers.
In essence, foods that originate from plant sources help decrease your risk of oral cancer, and foods from animal sources increase your risk for developing oral cancer.
If your diet looks similar to foods below, you're probably doing a good job of lowering your risk for developing oral cancer.
If oral cancer can be prevented so easily, isn't it worth it to make some subtle changes to your diet?
Do you have any questions, comments, or concerns about how your diet can affect your risk of developing oral cancer? I'd love to hear what you have to say in the comments section below. Thanks for reading!
This past weekend, my wife told me that she was having the worst toothache of her life. When she came in for her checkup a few months ago, her teeth were in great shape.
She told me that the pain was constant and that it got worse when she stood up. I told her that I thought it was a sinus infection. She went to the doctor and found out that she did have a sinus infection.
Stories like my wife's are fairly common — many people think that they have a problem with their teeth when they simply have sinusitis.
Each time you take a breath through your nose, air travels through your sinuses on its way down to your lungs. Your sinuses are simply hollow, air-filled cavities in your upper jaw bone. They are lined with a pink membrane that is similar to the pink lining on the inside of your mouth.
When the lining of your sinuses gets infected or inflamed, it is known as sinusitis.
Many people end up coming to the emergency room at our dental school with painful teeth. Upon examination, we sometimes find that their teeth are healthy and that the real cause of their pain is a sinus infection or sinusitis.
Below you'll find a dental x-ray. I outlined the floor of the maxillary sinus (the sinus located above your upper teeth) so that you can see how close it comes to the roots of your upper molars.
On the left side, it looks like the sinus floor goes below the roots of the upper molars. Usually this isn't the case, and that illusion can be attributed to overlap as we are seeing a two dimensional image of a three dimensional object. However, it does give you a pretty good idea of why sinus infections can make it seem like you have a toothache in your upper molars and premolars.
Want more details on how a tooth can cause a sinus infection? Then read this article: Can a Sinus Infection Be Caused by a Tooth?
When a patient comes in with severe tooth pain, we normally take an x-ray of the offending tooth. Tooth pain is usually caused by reversible and irreversible pulpitis.
We also do some tests on the tooth by feeling around it for an infection, tapping on it, and/or putting ice on it. This allows us to better understand if the pain is coming from one tooth or not.
If the teeth don't have any cavities in them and appear to be healthy, then we usually try to find another source of the pain, such as a sinus infection (sinusitis).
Using a humidifier to moisten the air that you breathe in. This helps to loosen any dried secretions that have accumulated in the sinuses.
Using nasal spray that contains phenylephrine or ephedrine.
Taking antibiotics if it is believed that the sinusitis is caused by bacteria. Common antibiotics that are prescribed for sinusitis include amoxicillin, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, clavulanate with amoxicillin, azithromycin, and cefuroxime.
Although toothaches are generally caused by a problem with your tooth, it is important to understand that your teeth have neighbors, such as your sinuses, that can mimic a toothache.
Do you have any questions about sinusitis or sinus infections? I'd love to hear what you have to say in the comments section below. I'll do my best to respond to your questions, comments, and/or concerns. Thanks for reading!
Ben, an Oral Answers reader, recently asked about what really causes canker sores (also known as aphthous ulcers.) He's heard that sodium lauryl sulfate in toothpaste can cause canker sores, but not everyone who brushes their teeth gets canker sores.
To be honest, there isn't any one thing that can cause canker sores in everyone. However, different things can cause canker sores in different people.
Here's a list of 10 things that have been shown to cause canker sores in certain people.
Basically, it says that the main factor that causes the body to destroy it's own oral tissues appears to be an allergic response.
It's important to remember that many of the foods listed above do not usually cause canker sores, but they have been found to be trigger foods in certain people. If you think that a certain food is causing your canker sores, you can try to pinpoint which food it is by using the above list and trying an elimination diet. You will want to talk to your doctor about your concerns to get additional information before attempting to eliminate certain foods altogether.
Stress is a major cause of canker sores. It is presumed that since stress weakens the body's immune system that it makes it more susceptible to canker sores.
Trauma has also been associated with canker sores. Anytime the barrier over the deeper tissues inside your mouth is broken, there is a higher risk for canker sores in certain people. The trauma can be caused by a variety of things, such as sharp foods like chips and crackers, biting, braces or hard=bristled toothbrushes.
Your family history can play a big role in whether or not you get canker sores. In fact, if both of your parents get canker sores, there's a 90% chance that you will get them too!
Some people who have problems with their immune system have many canker sores. For example, people with AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) frequently get aphthous ulcers.
When you smoke, the tissue lining the inside of your mouth gets slightly thicker. Quitting smoking thins the lining inside of your mouth and makes you more susceptible to canker sores.
This doesn't mean that you should smoke to avoid canker sores! Smoking has many more serious negative effects on your oral health. For example, smoking has been linked to oral cancer and smokers in general have less teeth than non-smokers. So it is still a great idea to quit smoking if you currently do!
The luteal phase of your menstrual cycle begins right after you ovulate (approximately day 14) and ends on the day you get your next period. When the tissue inside your mouth gets thicker (i.e. – more keratin forms) then you see a decrease in the amount of canker sores.
There are a variety of things that can cause canker sores. However, you may notice that nothing I mentioned above applies to you and you still have canker sores. This is because we still don't know everything that causes canker sores. Researchers are still working to understand the exact reasons why some people get them and some people don't.
Do you get canker sores? Have you noticed that they are caused something that I didn't mention above? I'd love to hear your comments and questions in the comments section below. Thanks for reading!
Dry mouth, or xerostomia to medical professionals, occurs in 25% of older adults and has even been reported to occur in 10% of adults in their 30's. Dry mouth is a condition that can have a negative impact on your oral health. It also impacts your ability to eat food and speak, and has been said to cause bad breath.
Basically, if you have dry mouth you are missing out on many of the benefits that your spit provides to your mouth.
I'll talk about all of the effects of dry mouth in a future article. What I want to talk about right now is what causes dry mouth. Dry mouth is caused by a variety of different factors. I've listed six main causes of dry mouth, which you can find below.
1 – Medications – This is one of the most common causes of dry mouth. There are literally hundreds of medications that cause dry mouth. Some of the more common ones are anti-depressants, sedatives, beta-blockers, high blood pressure medication, antihistamines, and cold/flu medications. Other drugs, such as tobacco and alcohol, can directly dry out the mouth.
Learn more about 348 medications that cause dry mouth.
2 – Anxiety, Depression, or Stress – These conditions have been shown to cause dry mouth. The best way to treat it is to find effective ways to manage your anxiety, depression, or stress.
Xerostomia, a subjective feeling of dryness of the oral mucosa, has been reported as a complaint in one third of diabetic patients. Unfortunately, studies that attempt to confirm an actual decrease in salivary flow rate in diabetic patients have produced conflicting results. Some studies show a decrease in salivary flow; some, no difference from normal; and some, an increased salivary flow rate.
4 – Autoimmune Diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome, HIV, and Graft-versus-Host disease. Sjögren's syndrome causes dry mouth and dry eyes. In other immunologic diseases, it is suspected that the body's immune system is attacking the salivary glands, thus decreasing the amount of saliva that is produced.
5 – Radiation treatment to the head and/or neck area – Radiation treatment to the head and neck area can cause damage to the salivary glands. Some of the glands can recover and produce saliva normally after radiation treatment. The biggest salivary gland, however, usually has trouble recovering and can be permanently damaged, leading to chronic dry mouth.
6 – Hormone changes – Hormonal changes occur with pregnancy and menopause in females. These hormonal changes have been associated with dry mouth. If you are pregnant and experiencing dry mouth, your dry mouth should resolve once your baby is born. If you have dry mouth associated with menopause, you may want to see your dentist to see what kind of treatment is available.
As you can see, there are numerous causes for dry mouth. Do you have dry mouth? Please leave any comments or questions in the comments section below.
When I was a little boy, I remember seeing my brother in the bathroom trying to bleach his teeth. He tried many different formulations of bleaching agents to try to remove the staining on his teeth.
I asked him about it recently, and he told me he wasn't sure how it happened. We suspected that my mom unknowingly took some sort of antibiotic that stained his teeth when she was pregnant with him or that he had taken something as a kid. He couldn't remember.
Then, I called my mom. She said that she didn't take anything during her pregnancy and the discoloration came from a drug that was prescribed to him at a young age. Whatever the reason, nobody likes to have discolored teeth.
To the right is a close-up view of the same patient in the photo above. As you can see, the tetracycline has changed the color of his teeth.
Tetracycline can stain the teeth anywhere from a bright yellow shade to dark brown. Usually the staining starts out as a yellow color. Over time, as the tooth is exposed to light, a chemical reaction occurs and the yellow turns to a dark brown color. For this reason, many people with tetracycline tooth staining have brown teeth in front (the teeth that are exposed to the most light) and yellow teeth in the back (where not as much light reaches.) Under ultraviolet light, tetracycline staining can appear bright yellow.
However, it's not just tetracycline that stains the teeth – there are many other drugs as well.
Many of tetracycline's homologues (similar drugs) are all associated with discoloration. Chlortetracycline, demethylchlortetracycline and oxytetracycline can all cause brown/gray/yellow staining of the teeth.
Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic that can be given intravenously to infants for treatment of a Klebsiella infection. It can stain the teeth a green color, but the staining is usually more mild than tetracycline staining.
Minocycline hydrochloride is an antibiotic used to treat acne and rheumatoid arthritis. It is believed that minocycline binds to the tooth and then oxidizes it, producing a discoloration. Minocycline is able to stain teeth even after they are fully developed, unlike the tetracycline family of antibiotics and ciprofloxacin.
Tetracycline can cross the placental barrier and incorporate into the developing tooth. It should be avoided (if possible) by mothers who are pregnant and also in kids until they are at least seven or eight years of age.
Because tetracycline can cross the placenta, it may stain primary teeth if taken during pregnancy. If it is administered between birth and age 6 or 7 years, permanent teeth may be affected. Only a small minority of children given tetracycline for various bacterial diseases, however, exhibit clinical evidence of discoloration. Staining is directly proportional to the age at which the drug is administered and the dose and duration of drug usage.
Since there are many other antibiotics available that are as effective as tetracycline without the discolored teeth as a side-effect, tetracycline is usually not prescribed to children except in rare circumstances. Your doctor will be able to explain the reasoning if your child is ever prescribed tetracycline.
It is very difficult to treat internal staining of teeth because it affects the dentin layer underneath the enamel.
For an overview of the layers of the teeth, check out this article on the anatomy of a tooth.
There are a variety of ways to treat tetracycline stained teeth depending on the severity of the staining. The most conservative is bleaching the tooth. If the tooth has undergone root canal treatment, it may be more effective to use an internal bleaching technique where the dentist puts a bleach inside the tooth to bleach it from the inside out. Internal bleaching is not possible with teeth that have not undergone root canal treatment because there is still living pulp inside the tooth where the bleach would be put.
If bleaching doesn't work, there are more invasive treatments. The dentist can shave off the outer layer of the tooth and put an aesthetically-pleasing tooth-colored filling on the front-facing surface of the tooth.
Another treatment option is putting veneers (a thin layer of tooth-colored porcelain) over the teeth.
The most drastic treatment would be to cut around the whole tooth and put an aesthetic crown over the tooth. This may end up being the most aesthetic option for severe tetracycline-stained teeth, but it is also the most expensive. I believe my dental school would charge somewhere around $500 for this procedure, which means it is probably near $1,000 if you get it done in private practice.
I hope this article helped you to better understand why antibiotics stain the teeth and what you can do to prevent it.
Are your teeth stained due to a medication such as tetracycline? Have you done anything about it? Don't hesitate to share your experience in the comments so others who have the same problem can see what worked for you.
If you have any questions or comments, go ahead and leave those in the comments section below as well. Thanks for reading!
I want to thank Dr. James R. Donley, DDS for kindly allowing me to use his photos (the bottom two photos) in this article.


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God's Favorite Customer [LP]
Artist: Father John Misty
New: $20.98 Buy
God's Favorite Customer CD *
God's Favorite Customer [Cassette] Cassette *
God's Favorite Customer Digital *
God's Favorite Customer [LP] Vinyl
1. Hangout at the Gallows
2. Mr. Tillman
3. Just Dumb Enough to Try
4. Date Night
5. Please Don't Die
6. The Palace
7. Disappointing Diamonds Are the Rarest of Them All
8. God's Favorite Customer
9. The Songwriter
10. We're Only People (And There's Not Much Anyone Can Do About That)
*Loser Edition on metallic purple vinyl w/ jacket variation while supplies last*
Written largely in New York between summer 2016 and winter 2017, Josh Tillman's fourth Father John Misty LP, God's Favorite Customer, reflects on the experience of being caught between the vertigo of heartbreak and the manic throes of freedom.
God's Favorite Customer reveals a bittersweetness and directness in Tillman's songwriting, without sacrificing any of his wit or taste for the absurd. From "Mr. Tillman," where he trains his lens on his own misadventure, to the cavernous pain of estrangement in "Please Don't Die," Tillman plays with perspective throughout to alternatingly hilarious and devastating effect. "We're Only People (And There's Not Much Anyone Can Do About That)" is a meditation on our inner lives and the limitations we experience in our attempts to give and receive love. It stands in solidarity with the title track, which examines the ironic relationship between forgiveness and sin. Together, these are songs that demand to know either real love or what comes after, and as the album progresses, that entreaty leads to discovering the latter's true stakes.
God's Favorite Customer was produced by Tillman and recorded with Jonathan Rado (Foxygen), Dave Cerminara (Jonathan Wilson, Foster the People, Conor Oberst), and Trevor Spencer (FJM). The album features contributions from Haxan Cloak, Natalie Mering of Weyes Blood, longtime collaborator Jonathan Wilson, and members of Misty's touring band.


Wednesday, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) said the Senate would move forward on immigration legislation "as soon as we figure out" what he said President Donald Trump would sign.
Say what you want about the wretched Harry Reid, at least he was a street fighter.
I'd say McConnell is a wimp, but that's an insult to wimps.
The One Weird Trait That Predicts Whether You're a Trump Supporter And it's not gender, age, income, race or religion.


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1. Name of the Body Responsible
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Grégoire Miot (President), Ana-Maria Drăgănuță Briard (Vice President), Marisa Monteiro Borsboom (Vice President), Holger Zscheyge (Treasurer), Jon Bartman (Board Representative)
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Data of members, non-members, and suppliers, to the extent that such data is required for fulfilment of the purposes referred to under 4.
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• public bodies, where priority legal provisions apply,
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The deletion of the data takes place after expiry of the statutory, corporate or contractually agreed safekeeping periods. Data not affected by this is erased when the purposes referred to under 4 no longer apply.


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News / UK and world
Marks and Spencer softens up the City for a profit fall
File photo dated 29/5/2018 of a branch of Marks & Spencer. The retailer is set to reveal a fall of around 25% in pretax profits for the first half of the financial year on Wednesday. (Yui Mok / PA)
Marks and Spencer is set to unveil a bloodbath in its clothing and home divisions when it announces half-year results on Wednesday.
But the key difference this time for the high street stalwart is that investors will be prepared, with management softening up the City weeks in advance, thanks to a series of soul-searching presentations to analysts last month.
At the meeting in October, M&S said its turnaround of clothing is now 18 months behind schedule and bosses admitted problems remain – a refreshing change from the endless positivity, with little substance, under former chief executive Marc Bolland.
As a result, consensus among analysts is that non-food sales will fall around 7% – or 4.3% on a like for like basis when store closures have been stripped out.
The fear in the City remains that M&S's problems remain and attempts to win over younger customers are struggling to gain traction.
One analyst at Peel Hunt pointed out that in the two-hour presentation on clothing, the use of social media was not mentioned once.
To tackle its problems, the company had previously announced plans to close 100 clothes stores by 2022, and in May added that 25 food stores will also close by 2023/24, although 75 new food sites will open too.
M&S has been keen to focus on its food division – especially in preparation for the launch of online food services via its deal with Ocado.
But the number of non-food stores has been a major issue for M&S, and the whole high street, with shoppers turning to online instead.
Analysts predict food sales will fall 0.1% – or rise 0.3% on a like for like basis – but because profit margins tend to be higher on clothing than food, underlying pretax profits for the period are set to fall by around 25% to £176 million.
On a statutory basis, when one off costs are included, profits are expected to rise, due to the heavy spending last year on the store closure programme.
Barclays retail analysts said in a note: "Whereas we expect a reasonably encouraging performance in Food, the Clothing & Home sales number may look weak even against an undemanding recent history.
"Clearly weather and overall consumption patterns have not provided M&S with any tailwinds. However, Next's recent trading statement might suggest that industry trends have picked up somewhat since mid-September."


Lucknow, July 6, 2018: Chandarjeet Yadav of Chandimandir, Haryana, produced a timely five-under-65 in the third and final round of the PGTI Feeder Tour event at the Lucknow Golf Club to bag his maiden title.
Yadav's (71-65-65) second straight 65 enabled him to maintain his overnight one-shot lead and took his total to nine-under-201.
Lucknow's Amardeep Rawat (72-65-65), who was overnight second and one off the lead, also delivered a 65 on day three to end up in the runner-up position at eight-under-202.
The 23-year-old Chandarjeet Yadav was rock-solid on the front-nine as he made three birdies which included two conversions from a range of 10 to 25 feet. Chandarjeet then hit his lob wedge to perfection to earn tap-in birdies on the 10th and 12th that strengthened his claims to the title.
Yadav's bogey on the 13th was his only blemish of the day. The man with two previous top-10s in the season, finally worked his way to his first title with a 15-feet birdie putt on the 16th and steady pars on the last two holes.
Chandarjeet, who has now moved up from ninth to fifth place on the Feeder Tour Order of Merit, said, "I was just aiming to hit maximum fairways and greens today. I was focusing more on playing to my plan rather than worrying about the result.
"I wasn't sure of my win even after the birdie on the 16th. I knew I had to make pars on the last two holes since they are among the toughest holes on the course. I knew negotiating the last two holes without dropping a shot would force my nearest rival Amarjeet to go for a birdie which wasn't an easy task.
"I'm really proud of this effort and it has given me the confidence to raise my game further and also make a mark on the main tour. All aspects of my game were sharp this week especially my putting average which saw a huge improvement.
Amardeep Rawat, like Yadav, also mixed six birdies with a bogey on Friday. Playing at his home course, Rawat couldn't force a playoff in the final stages as he made pars on the last two holes to finish one shot behind Yadav.
The 30-year-old Rawat, who recorded his second top-10 of the season, thus moved up from 10th to sixth in the Feeder Tour money list.
Rajesh Kumar Rawat, another Lucknow-based professional, registered the tournament's best round of six-under-64 to finish third at five-under-205.
Former Indian Open champion Vijay Kumar of Lucknow secured tied seventh place at even-par-210.
Delhi's Pawan Verma, who claimed tied 18th place at six-over-216 at the Lucknow Golf Club, has now climbed from second to first position in the Feeder Tour Order of Merit with season's earnings of Rs. 2,42,067.
Kapurthala's Ashbeer Saini, who finished tied fifth in Lucknow at one-under-209, has gained one place and moved into second position in the Feeder Tour rankings with season's earnings of Rs. 2,34,600.
The sixth and last event of the season will be played at the Palms Golf Club & Resort in Lucknow from July 10 – 12, 2018.
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Mark Weijerman is studying MSc. Mechanical engineering – track vehicle engineering and joined the haptics lab in February 2019. Currently, he is doing his literature research on the real-time adaptation of vehicle dynamics and the effect on the driver behavior and acceptance. He is supervised by Timo Melman and David Abbink.


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Fulham to offer £8m for Targett
by Dan | Jul 18, 2018 | Uncategorized | 0 comments
Fulham are set to offer £8m for the Southampton full back Matt Targett, according to a Daily Mirror report this afternoon.
The Whites haven't given up hope of being reunited with the former England under-21 international who spent the second half of last season on loan at Craven Cottage, despite having a bid for the left back rejected last month. Targett was reportedly angry at not being able to discuss a permanent return to London and is unwilling to sit on the Southampton bench behind first choice Ryan Bertrand at St. Mary's this season.
Slavisa Jokanovic has made the recruitment of a left back a major target during the summer as he wants to be able to play talented teenager Ryan Sessegnon on the left wing when Fulham return to the Premier League next month. Fulham have failed in a bid to land Werder Bremen's Swedish international Ludgwig Augustinsson, who they scouted during the recent World Cup in Russia, and are now reviving their long-running pursuit of a permanent deal for Targett.
The attack-minded full back, who struck up a great understanding with Sessegnon down the left flank during his successful loan spell last term, made 21 appearances for Fulham as Jokanovic's side won promotion via the Championship play-offs. Eastleigh-born Targett, who came through the ranks at Southampton, has made 42 first-team appearances for the Saints but enjoyed his taste of regular first-team football and now has ambitions to prove himself worth a starting place at Premier League level.


Early last year, my cat Smudge was diagnosed with asthma. I had a feeling something was wrong so it didn't exactly come as a surprise. Still, all the things I had to learn and absorb about his condition were a little – okay, a lot – overwhelming.
The traditional and proven approach to feline asthma is inhaled steroidal medication, the same kind human asthmatics use. Of course, you don't put the inhaler in their mouth and ask them to breathe it in because, well, that would be ridiculous and possibly life-threatening…for you. Instead, it's administered through a chamber called an AeroKat. The treatment typically has few side effects and works almost one hundred percent of the time to control the disease.
However, our vet suggested we consider a new drug that had shown some promise in asthmatic cats, although it didn't work in every cat. The upside was that we would only have to medicate him once a day versus four times a day. The downside was that the drug is a powerful immunosuppressant, making side effects more likely.
So here I was with two options: one new and promising but with no guarantees; the other proven to work but more inconvenient. What to do?
In the end, I decided to go with the tried and true inhaler treatment. And I'm glad I did. It worked like a charm and Smudge has been symptom-free for almost a year.
Okay, so what does this story have to do with marketing? A lot, actually.
In business, we have the same choice when it comes to our marketing time and dollars: stick with proven strategies or take a chance on the latest and (possibly) greatest?
These days, it seems like there's always something new in the world of marketing, which is both exciting and overwhelming. We're told, "Oh, you have to get on such-and-such. That's where marketing is headed!" So, not wanting to miss out, we take a chunk of our precious marketing time and focus, and hop aboard with no proof of how it's going to work for us. At the same time, we often abandon or dilute the approach that's been successful all along which, in turn, causes our business (and our sanity) to suffer.
Look, I'm not saying you shouldn't experiment with the newest Marketing Miracle. If it sounds interesting, dip your toe in. Wade around a bit. See how it works for you and your business. But be strategic about it and don't throw over the tried and true methods for something else just because it's new and shiny.
And whatever you do, don't feel like a marketing failure if you have little interest in the Next Big Thing. The best marketing is the marketing you'll do. Of course you should keep up with the times because you never know when you'll discover something that can boost your current strategies. But there's no shame – and much wisdom – in staying with what's comfortable and proven to work for your business.
Your turn: What marketing tools — old or new — work best for you? Tell me in the comments.
I'll be honest, sometimes marketing completely exhausts me… posting on Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, Instagram and on and on but what doesn't exhaust me and what turns out to work the absolute best results is building relationships with potential customers, hanging out where they hang out online… forums, groups, etc and giving them free advice with no expectation of receiving in return. It's when I feel my focus + heart is truly on serving rather getting when I see the most results… funny how that happens.
That's interesting, Amanda, and I think you're absolutely spot on. The most important part of marketing is finding something that feels authentic and lets you connect and build relationships with clients and potential clients in a genuine way.


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Caerlaverock Castle
Follow the B725 south out of Dumfries for about 10 miles. The castle is clearly signposted.
Unique and well preserved triangular fortification.
Photographed: Wednesday 7th July 2010
Caerlaverock Castle dates back to around 1220AD, when King Alexander II of Scotland granted lands to Sir John Maxwell. He commenced work on a square-built, stone fortification, which was abandoned within 50 years (possibly due to flooding) in favour of a second site 200 meters to the north. Sir Aymer Maxwell began construction of a triangular castle (an unexplained choice, and unique in Britain) at this location, which was presumably complete by 1300AD when King Edward I laid siege to it with over 3000 men. The castle fell within two days, and remained in English hands for the next twelve years.
The English held the castle until 1312AD, at which time it was under the stewardship of Sir Eustace Maxwell (demonstrating the ever-shifting loyalties of the border lords). In that year, Sir Eustace declared for Robert the Bruce, King of the Scots, and was besieged by the English under Edward II. Caerlaverock held out, but Sir Eustace was subsequently forced to abandon it, demolishing it first to prevent its occupation by the English.
The castle was rebuilt at some point during the following years, changing hands a number of times as Scottish and English forces contested the region. Building work continued through into the 15th Century, with the gatehouse and south ranges dating back to this period.
History is quiet until the 16th Century, when renewed conflict between England and Scotland saw Caerlaverock Castle fall back into English hands following a siege in 1544AD. The castle fell to the Scots the following year, but was again besieged by the English in 1570AD.
The union of the English and Scottish crowns in 1603AD brought a brief period of peace to the region. It was during these years that Robert Maxwell built a modern mansion within the walls of the castle, presumably confident that the peace would hold. However, in 1640AD, Charles I attempted to force religious reform upon the Scots. The Maxwell family sided with the English, resulting in a final siege at Caerlaverock Castle. The castle held for thirteen weeks before being forced to surrender, and much of the damage evident today dates back to that period, when the house and fortification were rendered uninhabitable. The castle was never repaired, and subsequently fell into decay.
Today, Caerlaverock Castle presents a surprisingly well preserved set of ruins. The medieval walls survive in good repair on two sides. Robert Maxwell's Renaissance-style "Nithsdale Lodging" provides a striking contrast within, featuring ornate stonework and carvings. The whole affair sits within a moat, in a pleasant and relatively secluded corner of the Scottish countryside. However, this is a popular tourist destination, so will likely be busy unless you visit out of season. On the plus side, this means that there's also a decent café with outside seating and castle views. Also worth noting is the woodland walk, which leads to the still-visible foundations of the first castle.


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It's All About The Dog II Coffee Mug
Description: It's All About The Dogs says it best. We love our canines and everyone should know. The 15 oz. ceramic mugs feature large full color images that wrap around the mug.
It's All About The Dog II Coffee Mug -
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Learn how to reduce your risks of developing cancer by making wise food choices. Laura Jobe, a registered dietitian with Cone Health Nutrition and Diabetes Education Services, outlines do's and don'ts about healthy eating for cancer prevention along with tips on how to incorporate healthy eating into your everyday life.
Don't let allergies with runny nose, sneezing and watery eyes prevent you from participating in the activities you enjoy.
Do you know the difference between a cold and allergies? Both cause sneezing and a runny nose. Knowing the difference can lead to a faster recovery.
Stomach problems, such as bloating, abdominal pain and diarrhea, may be symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Don't let IBS keep you from doing the activities you enjoy.


Over the years I have had a number of criticisms of my blog; too political, too opinionated, too little about the RSA, too much about the RSA, much too much about me. But one of the first was a Fellow who included in a lengthy list of my misdemeanours the allegation that I had 'used the Society's website to make jokes'. This was a reference, I think, to an early post in which I proudly clamed to have made up my own witticism.
Anyway, time has passed; it is a Friday, the sun is shining and we need something to take our minds off a failing economy, the collapse of Westminster democracy and the threat of an attack by North Korea.
So, here's a weekend challenge to my reader (happy birthday for yesterday, mum); invent your own 'wife's gone to the West Indies' joke. The best one gets free Fellowship of the Society (but, not really).


In a previous post (Noel and Joann's Excellent Adventure), I wrote about my upcoming journey across southwest China with Noel Piper to trace the life and work of Esther Nelson, a nurse/teacher from Minneapolis who worked in Sichuan, China from1927 to 1951.
You are invited to hear Noel and I talk about this upcoming journey at Bethlehem Baptist Church in Minneapolis on Tuesday, January 10, at 7pm.
In the late 1920's, a young woman departed Bethlehem for southwest China, where she worked as a nurse and teacher until 1951. Esther's story rests in her letters, and it's a story waiting to be discovered and told.
In March 2012, Noel Piper and Joann Pittman will travel to China to trace the life and legacy of Esther. They'll be seeking the land and people that captured Esther's heart, traveling to the towns and villages where she served, hopefully even finding people who remember her.
You are invited to hear Noel and Joann talk about their upcoming "Esther Expedition" on Tuesday, January 10, at 7:00pm at the Downtown Campus.


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Computer games giant Capcom rolled up to Flatiron Square in Southwark on Wednesday to launch its upcoming Monster Hunter: World game with its pop-up Monster Hunter Meat Shack.
Guests were treated to hunks of meat carved from an 8ft spit roast, monster burgers and barbecue platters to celebrate the game's launch, which sees a hunter roam the wilderness ridding it of 'monsters', with a console set up at each table served by fur-clad warriors.
The event was part of a longer pop-up that will remain at Flatiron square until Sunday. Attendance to the event is free, and includes free food, drinks and a go on the new game, if you can nab a ticket. Grab a slot here. https://monsterhunterbbq.eventbrite.co.uk.