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Effect of education and safety equipment on poisoning-prevention practices and poisoning: systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression
D Kendrick1,
S Smith1,
A Sutton2,
M Watson3,
C Coupland1,
C Mulvaney4,
A Mason-Jones5
Division of Primary Care, University Park, Nottingham, UK
Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
School of Nursing, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Broxtowe and Hucknall Primary Care Trust, Hucknall Health Centre, Nottingham, UK
Western Cape Department of Health, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
Professor D Kendrick, Division of Primary Care, Floor 13, Tower Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; denise.kendrick{at}nottingham.ac.uk
Objective: To assess (a) the effect of home safety education and the provision of safety equipment on poison-prevention practices and poisoning rates, and (b) whether the effect of interventions differs by social group.
Data sources: Medline, Embase, Cinahl, ASSIA, Psychinfo, Web of Science, plus other electronic sources and hand searching of conference abstracts and reference lists. Authors of included studies were asked to supply individual participant data.
Review methods: Randomised controlled trials, non-randomised controlled trials and controlled before-and-after studies, with participants aged ⩽19 years, providing home safety education with or without free or subsidised safety equipment and reporting poison-prevention practices or poisoning incidents were included. Pooled odds ratios and pooled rate ratios were estimated, and meta-regression estimated intervention effects by child age, gender and social variables.
Results: Home safety interventions increased safe storage of medicines (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.02) and cleaning products (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.17), the possession of syrup of ipecac (OR 3.34, 95% CI 1.50 to 7.41), and having poison control centre numbers accessible (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.84 to 7.33). There was a lack of evidence on poisoning rates (rate ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.36) and no consistent evidence that intervention effects differed by child age, gender or social group.
Conclusions: Home safety education and the provision of safety equipment improve poison-prevention practices, but the impact on poisoning rates is unclear. Such interventions are unlikely to widen inequalities in childhood poisoning-prevention practices.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2007.133686
Poisoning is the fifth most common fatal injury in children under 5 worldwide.1 Poisoning resulted in more than 31 000 emergency department attendances in the UK in 20022 and more than 6000 hospital admissions in children aged under 15 years in England and Wales in 2005/6.3
Medicines account for more than 50%, and household products for around one-third, of medically attended poisonings.4 Young children are at particular risk, with those under 2 being at greater risk from household products than medicines, and the reverse for children over 2.5 Boys are at greater risk of poisoning than girls until adolescence.1 2 6–8 There are steep social gradients in childhood poisoning mortality9 and morbidity,4 10 and parental unemployment5 and single parenthood11 are associated with a higher risk of childhood poisoning. Poison-prevention practices also vary by social group, with families with only one child, those with mothers in employment, those with parents with higher levels of education, and those from ethnic minority groups being less likely to store potentially poisonous substances safely at home.12 13
There is a wide range of strategies for preventing poisoning including child-resistant packaging,14 locks on cabinets or drawers, storage out of reach, not transferring substances from original containers, replacing in the usual storage place immediately after use,15 safely disposing of unwanted medicines,15 using substances containing bittering agents,16 educating children about the dangers of substances,17 using poison control centres (PCCs),15 18 and, in some countries, emetics have been used to induce vomiting after a poisoning.19
Most strategies rely to a greater or lesser degree on educating parents, yet few systematic reviews have specifically investigated the effect of educational interventions on child poison prevention. To address this lack of evidence, we have undertaken a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effect of home safety education and the provision of safety equipment on poison-prevention practices and poisoning rates. In addition, in view of the social inequalities in poisoning, we have investigated whether the effect of such interventions differs by social group.
The findings reported in this paper comprise part of a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis covering home safety education and safety equipment for the prevention of all injuries in childhood.20
We searched a range of sources as shown in table 1. We contacted authors of included studies, and surveyed Sure Start and Home Start schemes and Fire and Rescue Services in the UK, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents, National Children's Homes charity and the Community Practitioners and Health Visitors Association to ask about relevant ongoing or unpublished studies. The search strategy is described elsewhere.20 Articles in all languages were retrieved and translated as necessary.
Table 1 Sources searched to identify published and unpublished* studies
Selection and study characteristics
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs (e.g. quasi-randomised controlled trials) and controlled before-and-after studies (CBAs), with participants aged ⩽19 years, which provided home safety education with or without free, low-cost or discounted safety equipment and reported poison-prevention practices or self-reported or medically attended poisoning. The practices selected as outcomes for analysis were: safe storage of medicines (defined as stored at adult eye level or above, in locked cupboards/drawers/cabinets or inaccessible to child), safe storage of cleaning products (defined as above), possession of syrup of ipecac (to induce vomiting), and having the PCC number in an accessible place. We excluded studies that evaluated PCCs using contact rates as their outcome, as increased contact rates could represent greater awareness and use of the centre or a higher incidence of poisoning. Community-based trials with multi-faceted interventions were eligible if they included individual or group home safety education.
Validity assessment
Quality was assessed independently by two researchers, blind to author, institution and study results. We used blinding of outcome assessment and completeness of follow-up for all designs, allocation concealment for RCTs, and assessment of the distribution of potential confounders for non-randomised studies. Quality assessment was compared between two researchers for the first 41 studies for all home safety and injury outcomes (see Results) and subsequently all studies were assessed by two researchers, with disagreements resolved by referral to a third researcher.
Data abstraction
Titles and abstracts were assessed for inclusion independently by two researchers, with disagreements resolved by referral to a third researcher. Articles without abstracts were retrieved in full. To maximise information available for analyses, we attempted to obtain individual participant data (IPD) from authors, and, where obtained, datasets were formatted across studies to ensure uniformity. Where IPD were unavailable, data were extracted from published articles, on to standard extraction forms independently by two researchers, blind to author and institution. Data extraction was compared between researchers for the first 53 studies covering all home safety and injury outcomes, with a high level of agreement found (see Results), hence data were extracted on the remaining studies by one researcher.
Quantitative data synthesis
Meta-analyses were undertaken where three or more studies reported the same outcome. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were estimated from summary binary data using a random effects model, or a fixed effect model if there were fewer than five studies without significant between-study heterogeneity. For rate outcomes, study-specific effect sizes and standard errors were estimated from summary data using Poisson regression and entered into the meta-analysis. Where necessary, studies with a clustered design were adjusted by dividing the number of participants with an outcome and the total number of participants in each arm by the design effect, and the number of events and person-years by the variance inflation factor. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and coefficients of variation were calculated from IPD or obtained from published data. Where coefficients of variation were unavailable, we used a value of 0.25.21 Analyses were undertaken using Stata V8.
The effect of interventions by gender, ethnic group, single parenthood and parental unemployment was examined using IPD and study summary level data simultaneously in a novel meta-regression model.22 The effect of age was assessed using only IPD. Analyses were undertaken using WinBUGS V1.4.1.
Cases with missing values were excluded from analyses. Heterogeneity was assessed by χ2 tests and the I2 statistic and explored by meta-regression (described above) and by a priori specified subgroup analyses (the provision of safety equipment, follow-up period, setting, study design and study quality). Where meta-analyses included seven or more studies, publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. The trim-and-fill method23 estimated the likely effect of any statistically significant publication bias. Sensitivity analyses assessed the robustness of meta-analysis findings with respect to the individual contribution of each study and the size of the ICC for clustered studies.
Ethics approval was obtained from Nottingham Local Research Ethics Committee (reference number 04/Q2404/25).
Trial flow and study characteristics
Figure 1 shows the process of study identification and selection. Eighteen studies were included in at least one of the meta-analyses, 14 of which were RCTs,24–37 two were non-RCTs,38 39 and two were CBAs.40 41 IPD were obtained for nine studies.24 25 30–32 36 37 39 40Table 2 shows the characteristics of included studies. In 15 studies, the intervention included the provision of free or subsidised safety equipment.24–26 28–30 32–39 41 In nine studies, the intervention was provided mainly in a clinical setting.24 27 28 30–33 37 39 In eight studies, the intervention was provided by health professionals,24 27 30 33 35–37 39 in three by researchers,25 29 38 in two studies the intervention comprised part of a multifaceted community injury prevention programme,40 41 and the remaining studies had interventions comprising a video-tape,28 computer-generated advice,31 a mailed intervention,34 and interventions provided by lay workers32 or educational paraprofessionals.26
Figure 1 Flow chart detailing the process of study identification and selection for studies included in the meta-analysis. CBA, controlled before-and-after study; IPD, individual participant data; RCT, randomised controlled trial.
Table 2 Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis
Reliability of data extraction and quality assessment
Nearly all the data items extracted for the first 53 studies covering all home safety and injury outcomes (1386/1424; 97.3%) were identical. High levels of agreement were found for satisfying inclusion criteria overall (κ = 1.00), and for inclusion criteria relating to study design (κ = 1.00), age of study participants (κ = 1.00), interventions (κ = 0.85) and outcomes (κ = 0.84). Agreement on study quality was relatively low for some quality markers (RCTs: allocation concealment κ = 0.53; blinding of outcome assessment κ = 0.92; completeness of follow-up κ = 0.92. Non-RCTs: blinding of outcome assessment κ = 0.25; completeness of follow-up κ = 0.23; distribution of confounders κ = 0.69).
Effect of home safety interventions
Home safety interventions were effective in increasing safe storage of medicines (fig 2; OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.02) and cleaning products (fig 3; OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.17), the possession of syrup of ipecac (fig 4; OR 3.34, 95% CI 1.50 to 7.41), and having the PCC number accessible (fig 5; OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.84 to 7.33). The number needed to treat to result in one additional family behaving safely was 14 (95% CI 10 to 29) for storage of medicines, 9 (95% CI 6 to 21) for storage of cleaning products, 4 (95% CI 2 to 11) for having syrup of ipecac, and 3 (95% CI 2 to 7) for having the PCC number accessible.
Figure 2 Odds ratios for safe storage of medicines, by study design. χ2 = 7.29, 7 df, p = 0.40; I2 = 4.0%. *Numerators and denominators adjusted for clustering and rounded to nearest integer. C, control arm; CL, cupboard/drawer/cabinet lock; Ed, education; I, intervention arm; PCC, poison control centre number sticker provided.
Figure 3 Odds ratios for safe storage of cleaning products, by study design. χ2 = 20.01, 10 df, p = 0.001; I2 = 65.5%. *Discount vouchers provided for safety equipment; unspecified whether this included cupboard locks or ipecac. C, control arm; CL, cupboard/drawer/cabinet lock; Ed, education; I, intervention arm; PCC, poison control centre number sticker provided.
Figure 4 Odds ratios for possession of syrup of ipecac, by study design. χ2 = 123.22, 9 df, p<0.001; I2 = 92.7%. *Numerators and denominators adjusted for clustering and rounded to nearest integer. C, control arm; CL, cupboard/drawer/cabinet lock; Ed, education; I, intervention arm; PCC, poison control centre number sticker provided.
Figure 5 Odds ratios for having a poison control centre sticker accessible. χ2 = 46.68, 6 df, p<0.001; I2 = 87.1%. *Numerators and denominators adjusted for clustering and rounded to nearest integer. C, control arm; CL, cupboard/drawer/cabinet lock; Ed, education; I, intervention arm; PCC, poison control centre number sticker provided.
Effect sizes varied significantly between studies for storage of cleaning products, possession of ipecac, and having the PCC number accessible. They tended to be greater when free or subsidised safety equipment was provided with education than when the intervention comprised education alone (eg, safe storage of cleaning products: OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.89 (equipment and education) vs OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.41 (education alone); possession of ipecac: OR 10.41, 95% CI 2.40 to 45.09 (equipment and education) vs OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.91 (education alone)). Effect sizes also tended to be larger when interventions were delivered at home rather than in a clinical setting (eg, storage of cleaning products: OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.00 to 5.32 (home) vs OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.53 (clinical setting); possession of ipecac: OR 5.45, 95% CI 1.22 to 24.32 (home) vs OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.75 (clinical setting); having the PCC number accessible: OR 5.62, 95% CI 1.30 to 24.37 (home) vs OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.23 to 6.73 (clinical setting)). There was no consistent relationship between effect sizes and length of follow-up.
There was a lack of evidence that home safety interventions were effective in reducing rates of poisoning (rate ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.36) (fig 6). This analysis included only three studies with 5980 person-years in the combined intervention arms and 6137 person-years in the combined control arms.
Figure 6 Incidence rate ratios for medically attended poisonings. χ2 = 0.08, 2 df, p = 0.96, I2 = 0.0%. *Numerators and denominators adjusted for clustering and rounded to nearest integer. Ed, education; C, control arm; CL, cupboard/drawer/cabinet lock, hazard stickers (free stickers to put on hazardous substances aimed at deterring children from touching substances); I, intervention arm.
Effect of study quality and adjusting for clustering
The findings were robust to excluding non-randomised designs (figs 3–5) and to excluding each study in turn for safe storage of cleaning products, possession of ipecac, and having the PCC number accessible. Effect sizes varied by study quality only for adequate allocation concealment for having the PCC number accessible (OR 1.59, 95% CI 0.95 to 2.68 (adequate concealment) vs OR 7.02, 95% CI 3.18 to 15.50 (inadequate/unclear concealment)). All effect sizes were robust to assumptions about the size of the ICC.
There was evidence of publication bias only for safe storage of cleaning products (Egger's test: regression coefficient 2.01 (SE 0.70), p = 0.019). Use of the trim-and-fill technique resulted in a decrease in the effect size from 1.63 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.17) to 1.17 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.57).
Does the effect of home safety interventions vary by child age, gender or social group?
Interventions were more effective in increasing having the PCC number accessible among families with at least one unemployed parent than among families with both parents employed (OR 7.59 vs 1.47, respectively; ratio of ORs: 5.17, 95% credible interval 1.29 to 20.55). The effect of the interventions did not appear to vary by any of the other covariates.
Main findings
Home safety education that includes poison prevention, especially where cupboard locks, ipecac and PCC number stickers are provided free or at low cost, is effective in increasing safe storage of medicines and cleaning products, the possession of ipecac, and having the PCC number accessible. We did not find any studies that reported outcomes such as transferring substances from original containers, putting substances away immediately after use, disposing of unwanted medicines safely, or use of bittering agents. Importantly, we have also shown that such interventions are unlikely to widen existing inequalities in childhood poison-prevention practices.
Strengths and weaknesses of the study
This is the largest and most comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis in this area to date. It is the first meta-analysis in this field to obtain IPD and to use these, via a novel statistical model, to quantify the effect of home safety interventions by child age, gender and a range of variables describing social group.
Significant heterogeneity was found among effect sizes for three of the meta-analyses. In two of these, the heterogeneity related to the extent to which an intervention was effective, not whether it was, or was not, effective. Whether safety equipment was provided and the setting in which the intervention was delivered explained some of the heterogeneity for some outcomes. The meta-regression analyses suggest that some heterogeneity in the PCC analysis may also be explained by parental unemployment. It is also possible that differences in the content and delivery of the interventions may explain some of the observed heterogeneity.
There was evidence of a publication bias for safe storage of cleaning products, suggesting that we may have failed to find and include some small studies with negative findings. Alternatively this finding could be a type 1 error arising from multiple significance testing. The results relating to storage of cleaning products should therefore be interpreted with some caution.
It has never been recommended in the UK for parents to give syrup of ipecac to children to induce vomiting after ingestion of poisonous substances. In recent years, the American Academy of Pediatrics has stopped recommending its use in the USA.15 19 Our findings on ipecac possession may therefore only be relevant to countries that still recommend that parents keep ipecac at home for such use.
Few of the studies included in our meta-analysis reported data on poisonings. It is likely that our analyses were underpowered to detect anything but large (and possibly implausible) treatment effects. This is confirmed by post hoc power calculations using simulation with 400 iterations,42 which suggest that 21 500 person-years per arm are required to have 80% power to detect a 20% reduction in the rate of poisoning. The 95% CI for poisonings shows that plausible treatment effects range from a 22% reduction in poisonings to a 36% increase.
Although the vast majority of poisoning deaths occur in low and middle income countries,43 all of the studies included in our review report interventions implemented in higher income countries. The transferability of such interventions to low and middle income countries remains to be evaluated, as do interventions targeting the specific poisoning problems faced by these countries. As such, our findings may not be generalisable beyond higher income countries.
Comparisons with previous research
We have only been able to find one previous meta-analysis44 and one narrative systematic review45 of childhood poison-prevention interventions. The meta-analysis focused on home safety education provided in a clinical setting and estimated a pooled OR from three RCTs for safe storage of cleaning products of 1.8 (confidence intervals not reported). The authors concluded that clinical counselling has little effect on most home safety practices designed to childproof the home. Our results are substantially more positive than these, as we found significant effects for all four poison-prevention practices that we examined, with ORs ranging from 1.6 to 3.7. This is likely to reflect our inclusion of a larger number of studies, reporting a greater range of outcomes. The narrative review focused on community-based poison-prevention programmes, and found only four studies that reported injury outcomes. Only one study found a significant effect, which was a reduction in kerosene ingestion after a container-distribution programme.46 The authors concluded that there is insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of community-based poison-prevention programmes, and our findings are consistent with these.45
Poisoning causes considerable mortality in low and middle income countries and considerable morbidity and healthcare resource use in higher income countries.
There are steep social gradients in poisoning mortality and morbidity.
Most poison-prevention strategies rely on parental education to a greater or lesser extent, but there have been few systematic reviews and meta-analyses of educational approaches to poison prevention.
There is little evidence assessing whether poison-prevention interventions differ by social group.
Home safety education and the provision of safety equipment improves a range of poison-prevention practices, but its impact on poisoning is unclear.
There was no consistent evidence that educational interventions are likely to widen inequalities in poison-prevention practices.
Further research is needed to evaluate poison-prevention interventions.
There is little work with which to compare our findings in relation to effects by demographic and social variables. Three studies included in our review reported subgroup analyses comparing the treatment effect by a range of factors.24 36 37 Only one found evidence of a differential effect, showing a greater effect of the intervention in single-parent families, smaller families and those with lower levels of education.36 This is consistent with our findings that, for most outcomes, there was no differential effect for a range of demographic and social variables, and, when a differential effect was found, the effect was greater in the group considered to be at higher risk.
Explanation of our findings
Although the interventions we reviewed improved poison-prevention practices, we were unable to show a reduction in poisoning rates. There are several possible explanations for this. Firstly, the three studies reporting poisoning rates that we included in our meta-analysis had 5980 person-years in the combined intervention arms and 6137 person-years in the combined control arms. Our post hoc power calculation showed that our analyses were substantially underpowered to detect a 20% reduction in the poisoning rate. Such a reduction may also be over optimistic; six of the eight studies in the meta-analysis of safe storage of medicines had absolute differences in the percentage of medicines stored safely of less than 10% between treatment groups, as did eight of the 11 in the meta-analysis of safe storage of cleaning products. Secondly, the studies included in our meta-analysis of poisoning rates combined all poisonings in one outcome measure, which may have included poisonings that could not plausibly be prevented by the intervention. For example, cupboard locks fitted to kitchen and bathroom cabinets cannot prevent poisoning from medicines stored in a parent's handbag or garden chemicals stored in an outside shed. This lack of specificity in outcome definition will have limited the potential for showing a positive effect of the intervention. Thirdly, the provision of poison-prevention education and equipment may not reduce childhood poisoning rates. Our findings suggest that there is an absence of evidence in this area, rather than evidence of absence of an effect.
We did not find consistent evidence that home safety education is likely to widen inequalities in poison-prevention practices, which may reflect the provision of free or subsidised locks, PCC number stickers, and syrup of ipecac in many studies, which will have reduced the cost of obtaining these items for parents.
Implications for research and practice
Further research is required to address the question of whether poison-prevention interventions reduce poisoning rates. Very large RCTs or multiple smaller randomised trials that are sufficiently clinically homogeneous to meta-analyse would provide us with the best evidence. Such trials would be extremely expensive, logistically challenging, and, in the current research climate, unlikely to be funded. Furthermore, the UK government has recently agreed to provide £18 million for home safety equipment schemes as part of the Children's Plan.47 This is likely to reduce uncertainty about the effectiveness of such interventions among health and social care practitioners and families, creating ethical issues and limiting the feasibility of conducting such trials. Under these circumstances, rigorous observational studies that control or adjust for a wide range of confounding factors may be the more feasible alternative.
Where child health and social care providers already provide poison-prevention education and equipment, they should continue to do so, as we have not shown that these are not effective in preventing childhood poisoning. Further research on the effectiveness of poison-prevention education and equipment is needed so that decisions about poison-prevention programmes can be evidence based.
We thank the researchers who shared their individual participant data with us. This work was undertaken by the Universities of Nottingham and Leicester. Funding was provided by the Department of Health. The views expressed in the publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Health. This paper is based on a Cochrane Review published in The Cochrane Library 2007, Issue 1 (see www.thecochranelibrary.com for information). Cochrane Reviews are regularly updated as new evidence emerges and in response to feedback, and The Cochrane Library should be consulted for the most recent version of the review.
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Competing interests: DK, CC, MW and AW undertook some of the trials included in this review. There are no other competing interests.
2008 BMJ Publishing Group & Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health


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China sends 77 warplanes into Taiwan defense zone over two days, Taipei says 💥💥💥
On October 3, 2021 by Lauren Porter
The 38 and 39 planes respectively are the highest number of incursions Taiwan has reported in a day since it began publicly reporting such activities last year.
The incursions on Saturday came in two batches — 20 planes during daytime hours and 19 planes at night, the ministry said in two statements. They were made by 26 J-16 fighter jets, 10 Su-30 fighter jets, two Y-8 anti-submarine warning aircraft and one KJ-500 airborne early warning and control plane, the Defense Ministry said.
In response to the incursions, the Taiwanese air force scrambled aircraft, issued radio warnings, and deployed air defense missiles systems, the ministry added.
Maps provided by the Taiwan Defense Ministry showed all of the Chinese flights on Saturday were in the extreme southwestern part of the island's ADIZ.
The incursions did not violate Taiwan's airspace, which extends 12 nautical miles from its coast. The US Federal Aviation Administration defines an ADIZ as "a designated area of airspace over land or water within which a country requires the immediate and positive identification, location and air traffic control of aircraft in the interest of the country's national security."
Before the past two days, the previous single-day record for People's Liberation Army (PLA) flights into Taiwan's ADIZ was in June, when 28 Chinese military planes entered.
The incursions on Friday came as Beijing celebrated 72 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
Taiwan and mainland China have been governed separately since the end of a civil war more than seven decades ago, in which the defeated Nationalists fled to Taipei.
However, Beijing views Taiwan as an inseparable part of its territory — even though the Chinese Communist Party has never governed the democratic island of about 24 million people.
Chinese President Xi Jinping has refused to rule out military force to capture Taiwan if necessary.
In the past, analysts have said the PLA's flights likely serve several purposes for China, both demonstrating the strength of the PLA to a domestic audience and giving the Chinese military intelligence and skills it would need in any potential conflict involving Taiwan.
"Xi Jinping has instructed the PLA to heighten its readiness and prepare for warfighting under 'realistic fighting conditions.' Hence, it is relatively unsurprising that the PLA continues to fly into Taiwan's ADIZ as part of realistic training and preparation for armed conflict," Derek Grossman, a senior defense analyst at the RAND Corporation policy think tank, told CNN on Saturday.
Despite the increase in PLA flights and the harsh rhetoric, Grossman doesn't think combat is imminent.
"I don't think there is a high or even medium probability of a Chinese attack or invasion of Taiwan," he told CNN.
"The PLA still has many vulnerabilities, especially when faced with the near-certain intervention of the United States with possibly — probably? — Japanese and Australian support," he added. "China understands the severe downsides of a failed attack or invasion of Taiwan and will probably continue to bide its time."
But any intended message from Beijing may not be about the main island of Taiwan, other analysts say.
The maps provided by Taiwan's Defense Ministry show the PLA Air Force flights are coming in the vicinity of Pratas Island, which sits at the top of the South China Sea and is actually closer to Hong Kong than Taiwan.
This island has no permanent residents but is home to a small Taiwanese military contingent and has an airstrip. Analysts note it is flat and would be difficult to defend.
"China could take control of the Pratas Islands whenever Chinese President Xi Jinping decides," Yoshiyuki Ogasawara, a professor at Tokyo University of Foreign Studies wrote on The Diplomat in December.
"The islands are a potential flashpoint that now need to come to the attention of the US, Japan and other democratic countries," Ogasawara wrote.
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Topics trendingtags asia, Breaking News, China, China air force sends 77 warplanes into Taiwan defense zone over two days, CNN News, Cnn Top stories, days, defense, Latest News, news of the day, sends, taipei, Taipei says - CNN, Taiwan, warplanes, zone

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Ohoud Dahouk gave birth to a beautiful, healthy girl last month. The mother of two calls her doctor an angel for helping her bear the pain of a difficult delivery.
And that care and assistance doesn't stop with the birth. Ohoud and her baby Mariya continue to get help from Near East Council of Churches (NECC) field health workers who provide postpartum checkups at home and at the clinic.
Many new mothers in Gaza lack the basic baby supplies needed to keep their infants safe and healthy. Medical workers blame that on a lack of funds and also inadequate hygiene awareness. Anera has organized mother and child health awareness sessions to help new mothers to learn cope and to offer some help with starter kits including necessary supplies.
In Ohoud's case, the financial burden made it impossible for her to get things like soap and diapers. After she finished her awareness course with her health worker Riham Abu Hassan, Ohoud received one of Anera's newborn hygiene kits that contain shampoo for mother and baby, diapers and sanitary pads.
The ability to have these items at childbirth can offer hope for a healthy future for our newborns.
Anera baby hygiene kits provide new moms with health care items necessary to properly care for their children, especially impoverished families who cannot afford basic supplies. "The ability to have these items at childbirth can offer hope for a healthy future for our newborns," says health worker Riham.
Thanks to Anera's grant, NECC clinic was able to deliver 2,400 hygiene kits at three of its locations and to organize awareness sessions to promote good hygiene and tips for proper infant care.
In Gaza, children from low-income families and those who live in communities with poor sanitation systems are at high risk of infections that can affect their growth and well-being. With just $14 per kit, Anera is able to provide a starter supply of health care items to help protect infants from contracting infections and deal with other health issues.
New mother Ohoud received a hygiene kit to help care for her 25-day-old baby girl, Mariya.
The NECC clinic also provides a range of health care services, including pre-postnatal, family planning and reproductive education for many women residing in the Al-Daraj neighborhood. Anera's grant also allowed the clinic to buy new equipment, including an ultrasound, blood pressure apparatus, baby scales and child breathing devices.
The equipment is vital to monitoring the health of expectant and new mothers and their infants. In Gaza, pregnant women are at risk because of an inadequate diet and frequent pregnancies. "We test blood count and pressure in every patient to monitor her and her baby's health throughout the pregnancy cycle," says Dr. Riham Abu Khater.
Thanks to the ultrasound equipment from Anera, she says it is much easier to monitor the development of the fetus and help doctors detect any abnormalities earlier.
Saja Eldremly, in her ninth month, welcomes the more thorough tests and screenings. After getting assurances from the doctor that everything is as it should be, Saja says her next visit will most likely be for the birth of her baby. She is a bit anxious but then she smiles when she remembers she'll have the hygiene kit and the nurses' advice to help her take proper care of her newborn.


Making the most of today's weather, our marine mammal trainers just held a snow ball enrichment session with two-year-old rescued sea otters Mak and Kunik and eight-month-old rescued sea otter pup Hardy.
Enrichment sessions are an important part of everyday care for marine mammals living at Vancouver Aquarium; these sessions provide mental and physical stimulation for the animals and strengthen bonds with their trainers.
Visitors to Vancouver Aquarium can get to know the six rescued sea otters – Tanu, Katmai, Mak, Kunik, Rialto, and pup Hardy – and their rescue stories during sea otter talks at 11:30 a.m., 1:30 p.m., and 4:30 p.m.daily, through sea otter encounters, as well by watching the sea otters in their habitat via the live Sea Otter Cam and the Underwater Otter Cam. You can dive a little deeper and spend a day in the life of senior marine mammal trainer Kristi Heffron and learn about more threats facing otters in the wild too.


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Kerry Washington Invests In, Designs For Jewelry Brand Aurate
Actress Kerry Washington has partnered with a direct-to-consumer jewelry brand for which she also helped design a collection that recently made its debut. According to People, Washington has invested in the company, Aurate, that was started in New York back in 2015 by Bouchra Ezzahraoui and Sophie Kahn.
"I'm so proud to share this Lioness Collection, and all that it represents, with you. In both aesthetic design and in cultural meaning, each piece is built to embody the values of this unique moment while also honoring timeless truths.
"Make no mistake, the lioness is a queen. Her beauty is incomparable. Her strength is undeniable. She is a warrior, built for the hunt, and a nurturer, devoted to her pride. She is magnificently regal, and yet in the world of the Lioness, democracy and collaboration rule. In the #LionessPride there are no egos, there is no pecking order, just fierce felines winning collectively.
"You are a fierce lioness—beautiful, powerful, communal, and winning. And in our shared community we are a #LionessPride. So this collection is for you. I hope that it adds beauty, joy and strength to your day. And I pray that these pieces remind you of the sisterhood of this pride. WITH LOVE, KERRY"
"When I met Sophie and Bouchra, I was so impressed with them as women and as badass entrepreneurs and founders," Washington told People. "I was so impressed with the product. It really spoke to me, this idea of democratizing fine jewelry by cutting out the middleman and allowing more people to have access to beautiful jewelry. I wanted to be a part of this journey."
Washington was so impressed by the women and the company that she helped to design the Lioness Collection. She and Aurate's co-founders are donating 20% of all proceeds from the collection to Supermajority, a nonprofit women's activism organization.
SABC CEO Mxakwe tries unsuccessfully to address protesting workers - SABC News
The Flawed And Dangerous Logic Behind 'Just Stick To Weather'


NEWPORT County AFC caretaker manager Jimmy Dack says his players won't give up the fight for promotion as the club attempts to recover from the 'major trauma' of Justin Edinburgh's move to Gillingham.
County halted a run of four straight defeats with a 1-1 draw against Tranmere Rovers on Tuesday night in Dack's first home game in charge.
The point keeps the Exiles in sixth place in League Two ahead of Saturday's trip to third-placed Wycombe Wanderers, who were beaten 2-0 at home by Plymouth Argyle on Tuesday.
And Dack insists that a place in the play-offs is still a realistic target for his side.
"We're not writing it off because we're sixth in the league," he said.
"These players put us in third place a few weeks ago so we know they can do it.
"But we've been through a major trauma at this football club and it's about regrouping and getting ourselves back together.
"We've just got to make sure that we keep going. The players did keep going until the end [on Tuesday] and that's why I'm fighting for them.
"They've been fantastic since I've been here and that makes me want to drive down that motorway and do my best for them.
"The commitment and the desire from the players was fantastic and that's all I ask for.
"The crowd were brilliant as well," he added. "It's them lot that drive me on. They always give us their full support and I appreciate it and I know the players do too.
Dack ditched Edinburgh's preferred 5-3-2 system against relegation-threatened Tranmere but says it was desire that forced Mark Byrne's late leveller.
"We had four games without a win and we didn't look like we were creating any chances so I felt that by going 4-4-2 we could get the ball out wide and get balls into the box," he explained.
"Within ten minutes we switched to 4-3-3 and I give Wayne Hatswell the credit for that.
"We had 61 per cent of the play and that was pleasing. I do hear supporters saying get it down and play but sometimes the pitch doesn't allow us to do that.
"I thought the system worked but sometimes it's not always about systems," he added. "It's about the players' desire and how much they want to win a football match.


This two-piece sectional's design brings you both comfort and modern style. Its plush cushions, plump pillow backs, and accent pillows ensure this piece is always a cozy spot to relax at the end of a hectic week. Features such as the slight curve of the track arms add to the contemporary style of this sectional.
The 2053 2-Piece Sectional with Chaise by Fusion Furniture at Olinde's Furniture in the Baton Rouge and Lafayette, Louisiana area. Product availability may vary. Contact us for the most current availability on this product.
2053-26RBillow Dove RAF Chaise 1 39" 65" 36"
2053-21LBillow Dove LAF Loveseat 1 68" 38" 36"
Browse other items in the 2053 collection from Olinde's Furniture in the Baton Rouge and Lafayette, Louisiana area.


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Unthinkable (DVD, 2010)
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Armed with the knowledge that their suspect has planted three nuclear bombs in three U.S. cities, black ops interrogator H (Samuel L. Jackson) and FBI Agent Helen Brody (Carrie-Anne Moss) resort to extreme methods to get the confession that could save missions of innocent lives. A former nuclear expert, Younger (Michael Sheen) has turned against his country. Shortly after Younger plants his bombs, he's apprehended by the nation's top anti-terrorism task force. But while Younger is in custody, the FBI can't get him to reveal where the nukes have been hidden. H may be able to get an answer, but once Agent Brody gets a glimpse of his tactics, she begins to wonder whether the good guys have finally stooped to the level of the terrorists, or if H is truly justified in fighting fire with fire. Co-starring Brandon Routh, Martin Donovan, and Stephen Root., Director David Slade abandons the imagined horror of 30 DAYS OF NIGHT for this reality-based thriller. In UNTHINKABLE, a trio of nuclear weapons are on the brink of killing millions, and a single man knows their location. This thriller addresses the always timely issue of torture, as the government must decide how to get information from the tight-lipped man in the efforts to save the country.
Rating: R (MPAA)
Film Country: USA
Genre: Dramas


The national capital is a great attraction to new ventures for the right environment and infrastructure it provides to the entrepreneurs. A large number of e-commerce and other ventures are seen flourishing. Being a crucial source of buying raw materials, Delhi has been attracting traders from across the globe. An office in trader's hub is undoubtedly a huge plus and what better than a shared office?
We are India's only hospitality inspired coworking space with an energy that inspires. Present in 5 major cities across the country, we will soon be in many more states to provide our bouquet of services to the solo-preneurs and entrepreneurs in making. Be it open desks, private cabins, virtual office, or meeting room in Delhi, we've got you covered! Catering to freelancers, early starters, small business and big companies, we give them a community to grow with. Join us and work alongside motivated people who push you to do better.


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Tim Ryan & Lois Frankel
Compare the voting records of Tim Ryan and Lois Frankel in 2017-18.
Tim Ryan
Represented Ohio's 13th Congressional District. This was his 8th term in the House.
Lois Frankel
Represented Florida's 21st Congressional District. This was her 3rd term in the House.
Tim Ryan and Lois Frankel are from the same party and agreed on 93 percent of votes in the 115th Congress (2017-18).
But they didn't always agree. Out of 1052 votes in the 115th Congress, they disagreed on 71 votes, including 2 major votes.
Sept. 27, 2018 — American Innovation Act of 2018
June 28, 2018 — Foster of Illinois Amendment No. 24
June 27, 2018 — Langevin of Rhode Island Part A Amendment No. 9
On Motion to Recommit with Instructions
June 7, 2018 — Connolly of Virginia Part B Amendment No. 27
June 7, 2018 — Lee of California Part B Amendment No. 26
May 23, 2018 — Polis of Colorado Amendment No. 50
Jan. 19, 2018 — Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, of high misdemeanors
Dec. 14, 2017 — Strengthening Oversight of Iran's Access to Finance Act
Oct. 24, 2017 — Johnson of Georgia Part B Amendment No. 3
July 19, 2017 — Tsongas of Massachusetts Part A Amendment No. 1
July 14, 2017 — Byrne of Alabama Amendment No. 17


Monday, November 13 at 19:30- Irish Heritage Quebec will hold an activity in McMahon Hall, 1145 De Salaberry. Marc Durand will give a presentation on Jean Beliveau, the subject of his most recently published book. Copies of his book will be on hand for sale. Members and friends are invited. Refreshments will be served and parking stubs for Îlot St-Patrick will be validated. For more information, phone Irish Heritage Quebec at 418-704-3404.
Marc Durand is a local sports announcer who has already published a well-acclaimed book on hockey, La Coupe à Québec: Les Bulldogs et la Naissance du Hockey.


• Counteracts free radical damage caused by UV, infrared, smoking, pollution and internal ageing factors such as stress.
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Patented vitamin C technology, this breakthrough serum-in-a-gel contains a synergistic antioxidant combination to help protect the delicate eye area from oxidative stress, while targeted actives revive under-eye skin and reduce the appearance of puffiness.
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AOX+ Eye Gel prevents signs of aging while correcting existing photodamage. Additionally, ruscus aculeatus increases under-eye circulation to reduce swelling while caffeine improves drainage and congestion of fluids under the eye, further diminishing puffiness.
Due to its unique anatomy, the skin around the eyes is particularly susceptible to photoaging. The skin in the eye area is 10 times thinner than the skin on the face, resulting in deeper UV penetration and accelerated water loss; highly elastic connective tissue creates flexibility and movement for the eyelid, but also makes the area prone to wrinkling and sagging. Under-eye bags and puffiness become more prominent as circulation in the dense network of arteries and capillaries naturally slows with age. Few sebaceous glands make this already fragile, thin-skinned area prone to dehydration and magnified sundamage.
Featuring breakthrough technology, this serum-in-a-gel antioxidant formulation is specifically formulated for the needs of the delicate eye area. The triple antioxidant treatment of 1% phloretin, 5% l-ascorbic acid, and 0.5% ferulic acid neutralises damaging free radicals and reactive oxygen species to prevent and correct photodamage.
Ruscus aculeatus and caffeine improve circulation by 28% in 12 weeks*, diminishing under-eye puffiness.
1% Phloretin – Comes from apples and the root bark of fruit trees including apple, pear, and grapefruit. Classified as a dihydrochalcone (special group of flavonoids) known to prevent immunosuppression and for anti-inflammatory, antifungal and anticancer properties.
Once in the morning, apply ½ pump per eye.
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This eye cream has the latest technologically advanced peptides that specifically target you're under eye area reducing crow's feet, fades under-eye dark circles, and reduces puffiness. It also delays the formation and deepening of expression wrinkles. If used morning and night, this product has a cumulative effect and skin will look noticeably smoother and more youthful. DIANE'S TIP: This is the queen bee of eye creams! Its 3 main functions are Muscle Relaxing (smooths lines & crow's feet), Anti Puffiness peptides (flushes fluid in eye bags) and increases Collagen production. Hello, younger, brighter and more youthful looking eyes!
Soothing, cooling, calming, oil free, hydrating skin serum with anti inflammatory, skin calming, redness reducing and antibacterial properties. Use after skin treatments to soothe and calm skin. Reduces redness and sanitises skin after blackhead extractions to minimise infections. Lightens blemishes and brown pigmented marks left from previous spots or blemishes without the use of harsh chemicals like hydroquinine. Cooling and calming for hot flush prone menopausal skin issues and acne rosacea For sensitive or problematic skin, this light oil-free gel contains botanical extracts with anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties to help soothe and calm irritated skin.


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Rock Bottom follows the journeys of seven gay men struggling with meth addiction and recovery against a backdrop of an emerging second wave of HIV infection. From grappling with the drug's effects on their physical and mental health to wrestling with their darkest sexual desires, Rock Bottom delivers a chilling portrait of a community in crisis. With an unflinching eye the film captures their stories over a two-year period, from sex clubs to hospitals to family gatherings.
Lovett Productions
17 Vandam Street, Ground Floor
info@lovettproductions.com
© 2021 Lovett Stories and Strategies. Website by 13milliseconds.


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Caspar Babypants
The Seasons Performance Hall
Who better to describe Caspar Babypants than Caspar himself? Here's what he has to say:
"Some of the world knows me as Chris Ballew, the lead singer and songwriter for The Presidents of the United States of America, a rock and roll band that sings about a frog, a kitty, a dune buggy, peaches and a lump.
These days I am making music for babies and their parents and in doing so I have found a musical expression that truly feels comfortable and natural to me. I look forward to a long carrer as CASPAR BABYPANTS!
The debut album HERE I AM! came out on February 14th 2009 and the new album MORE PLEASE! came out on November 17th 2009.
My goal with these albums is to provide simple timeless high quality relaxing imaginative music for the new parent and baby to enjoy together."
The Seasons Performance Hall (View)
101 N Naches Ave


Waller Creek — the corridor that enlivens UT Austin just east of the original Forty Acres — is gaining center stage.
Waller Creek — the corridor that enlivens The University of Texas at Austin just east of the original Forty Acres — is gaining center stage. Until recently, the creek had been simultaneously central to campus and nearly invisible, as noted in the proposed Waller Creek Framework Plan due to be finalized this fall.
Part of the lack of focus on Waller Creek is rooted in history. Many say that the university turned its back on the creek almost 50 years ago after students protested the removal of trees to reroute San Jacinto Boulevard. Another part of this legacy is constructed, like the collection of buildings that make up the Cockrell School of Engineering.
Waller Creek draws from a narrow but completely urban watershed of 3,662 acres. The stream flows through Austin, starting near the intersection of Lamar and Airport boulevards. It flows through and under neighborhoods and past the Intramural Fields. It bisects campus, goes through downtown and empties into Lady Bird Lake. The city and university are looking into ways to integrate Waller Creek back into community life.
Currently, the creek is undergoing a renaissance of sorts. Although it has always been used by faculty members for hands-on learning and experience, interest in the creek as an outdoor classroom and living laboratory is becoming more formalized.
"As Texas cities grow, natural watersheds will become urbanized," said Jay Banner, a professor in the Jackson School of Geosciences and leader of the new urban watershed project. "We can learn lessons from Waller Creek and improve our understanding of the complex interactions between hydrologic systems, ecosystems and human infrastructure systems." Banner plans to conduct research in the creek as part of the university's Bridging Barriers initiative on Planet Texas 2050.
On the UT campus, with safety paramount, dense brush and invasive species have been removed to increase visibility and sight lines, and Landscape Services is planting native plants along the creek's path. The newest reinvention of the creek's path through the city is the award-winning landscape design along several blocks of the Dell Medical School.


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Modifierad newtonsk dynamik (MOND) är en hypotes inom celest mekanik som föreslogs 1981 av Mordehai Milgrom vid Weizmann Institute i Israel. Hans grundidé var att söka förklara varför spiralgalaxers rotationskurvor inte stämmer med Newtons mekanik. Senare har den utvidgats att bli ett alternativ till modellen med mörk materia.

Den vanligaste förklaringen till att galaxernas rotationshastighet inte stämmer med mängden synlig materia är att införa extra massa i form av mörk materia, som inte avger eller reflekterar elektromagnetisk strålning och därför är osynlig men påverkar gravitationsfältet. MOND föreslår istället en modifiering av Newtons andra lag vid mycket små accelerationer, vilket om det införs på rätt sätt kan förklara rotationshastigheterna. Skillnaden är försumbart liten på jorden och det skulle därför vara mycket svårt att se tecken av detta experimentellt, men Milgrom har föreslagit experiment som skulle kunna testa hypotesen.

För att förbättra det teoretiskt fysikaliska underlaget finns numera en relativistisk version av MOND, utvecklad av Jacob Bekenstein.

Diskussion och kritik
MOND har kritiserats för att anpassa sin matematik till en observad massavvikelse istället för att ställa upp en hypotes med förklaringsvärde på fysikalisk grund. Det främsta skälet till varför flertalet astronomer finner MOND svår att godta är därför att den är helt empirisk, ungefär som Titius-Bodes lag. Den är en enfråge-hypotes, som beskriver dynamiken hos ett accelererat objekt med en ad hoc ekvation utan fysikaliskt förklaringsvärde.

Jacob Bekensteins bidrag har dock ännu inte rönt allmän acceptans. MOND är för närvarande en minoritetsteori inom det astrofysikaliska forskarsamfundet.

Fysikaliska observationer under det senaste årtiondet visar att MOND får svårare och svårare att överensstämma med data. Kollisionen av galaxkluster (se nedan) är ett exempel på detta.
MOND har även svårt att förklarara WMAP-mätningarna av den kosmiska bakgrundsstrålningen eller rotationskurvan hos till exempel Andromedagalaxen.

MOND nämndes tidigare som en möjlig förklaring till den så kallade Pioneeranomalin, några rymdsonders observerade avvikelse från förväntad rörelse som lockade fram förklaringar från många förslagsställare. Sedan 2012 betraktas emellertid Pioneeranomalin som förklarad av känd fysik, den anisotropa värmestrålningen från sondernas radioisotopgeneratorer och vetenskapliga instrument.

Belägg för mörk materia
Som mörk materia brukar man både räkna kända massaförekomster, som bruna dvärgar och neutriner, och den hypotetiska okända mörka materien. Den sammanlagda massan hos de kända förekomsterna räcker inte till för att förklara observerade gravitationella effekter och man räknar därför med en stor förekomst av någon form av materia som inte ingår bland Standardmodellens partiklar. Data från bland annat WMAP indikerar att 23 % av universums totala energi utgörs av mörk materia.

I augusti 2006 rapporterade en forskargrupp som bland annat använt Nasas Chandra-teleskop och Hubbleteleskopet att de sett direkta belägg för mörk materia i en kollision av två galaxkluster, där den synliga materien separerats från den mörka materien (se Bullet Cluster). Denna upptäckt av mörk materia innebär att behovet av MOND minskar, men det betyder inte nödvändigtvis att modifiering av Newtons andra lag är opåkallad. Vidare vet man fortfarande inte om den mörka materien finns i tillräcklig mängd för att förklara observationsdata.

Referenser
 Astronomy, Augusti 2003

Noter

Externa länkar
Artikel om MOND i Physics World, juni 2006
Pressrelease från Nasa om upptäckten av mörk materia

Kosmologi
Klassisk mekanik

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Who is Grover Norquist, Really?
English: at CPAC in . (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
It was brought to my attention yesterday that I've been perhaps too generous in my praise of Grover Norquist. the founder of Americans for Tax Reform (ATR) and the man responsible for getting huge numbers of Representatives and Senators to sign his Taxpayer Protection Pledge. Indeed I, like many others, have enjoying quoting his most favorite saying: "I'm not in favor of abolishing the government. I just want to shrink it down to the size where we can drown it in the bathtub."
I also like what ATR stands for: it "opposes all tax increases as a matter of principle." So if so many credible people over such a long period of time think Norquist is OK, then who am I to argue?
Except that I've discovered there's more to the man than just what is published at Wikipedia, although that's a good place to start. Wiki states that he is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) about which I know more than the average bear, having read several exposes of it and have watched its influence expand over the past 40 years. I agree with those who consider the CFR the center of the Anglo-American establishment that Carroll Quigley has written about, as well as James Perloff.
Wiki also notes that Norquist founded something called the Islamic Free Market Institute where Wiki provides us with this chilling bit of information:
Both organizations were alleged to be part of the so-called SAAR Network of interrelated business and non-profit entities with ties to sources of terrorism financing, and were among the subjects of a March 20, 2002 raid conducted by the U.S. Custom Service under the auspices of Operation Green Quest.
The Operation Green Quest raids led to the convictions of two people, including Abdurahman Alamoudi, who worked for the SAAR Foundation. Alamoudi admitted that he plotted with Libya to assassinate the Saudi ruler and was sentenced to 23 years in jail.
Further along we read at Norquist's Wiki entry that he married a Palestinian Muslim in 2004 who was a director of the Islamic Free Market Institute.
Wiki provides investigators with 65 sources to follow up on if one has the time and the interest. But there is one source that came to my attention that is unsettling to say the least. Arnold Ahlert, a writer at Radicalislam.org, noted Norquist's fading glory as defectors from his tax pledge continue to mount this way: "Americans might not like seeing their taxes go up, but Grover Norquist's fall from grace has its benefits: As he goes down, so goes his pro-Islamist agenda."
Radicalislam.org is funded by the Clarion Fund, and
is the leading source for information about the threat posed by Radical Islam to all those who value freedom, democracy and other Western values. This website features the latest news updates and developments as well as news analysis from experts on the topic of Islam. RadicalIslam.org also publishes a bimonthly email newsletter to over 100,000 subscribers which provides the latest developments, video clips and in-house analysis articles.
Wiki describes the Clarion Fund as "pro-Israel" and that it was founded by a Canadian Israeli film producer.
So what are we to make of all of this? For me, Norquist is a conundrum. He calls himself a "boring white bread Methodist" but is married to a radical Islamist with links to known terrorists opposing Israel's existence. He has two degrees from Harvard and was an editor at the predictably liberal Harvard Crimson but also co-founded the "libertarian-leaning Harvard Chronicle" about which I can find nothing.
As his influence appears to be fading, maybe all this doesn't matter. At the very least I'm going to be stepping lightly around this guy in any future articles or blogs.
Americans for Tax Reform CPAC Establishment Free Market Grover Norquist Islam Liberal Libya Taxes Taxpayer Protection Pledge Terrorism Video
This entry was posted	on Tuesday, December 4th, 2012 at 7:29 am	and is filed under Economics, Foreign Policy, Politics. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


Knowing what kids are up to online is a parental pastime and every guardian has their own biggest fear. When I was 11, my dad had a website blocker on the family computer, so if I ever strayed off the beaten path, a picture of his disapproving face would flood the screen.
This was when cell phones didn't have wifi (RIP, LG Rumor) and my seven-year-old cousin wouldn't have been on Facebook. Now, young kids are really plugged in, and parents want to know what's up: a Pew Research Center study found that 33 percent of parents said they have had concerns or questions about their child's technology use in the past 12 months. There's literally no way to keep track of everything that kids do.
Google has proposed an answer: on June 6, it released a kid-focused web program, Be Internet Awesome, to teach young people about online savviness. It includes resources like a webgame, Interland, and a a curriculum for teachers to follow at school.
I've got 20 minutes to spare and an eight-year-old brother who spends most of his waking hours on YouTube watching Minecraft tutorials, so I decided to take a stroll through Interland.
The aesthetics of the game are top-notch: everything is bright, cheery and futuristic, like you've landed on a planet of angular minions. The music gives off a sort of Sims 3 vibe, and here's my personal favourite part: the wretched characters trying to hack you or get you to spill secrets look like little devils.
The game has four different "worlds" where you encounter different threats, and each world offers a different type of game to play. The world where you're tasked with creating a secure password is Temple Run-esque, and the game that teaches you to be kind online and report bullies is reminiscent of Fancy Pants Adventure.
"We think the five core principles of Be Internet Awesome are principles that people of any age can get behind," wrote program lead Julianne Yi in an email. "The lessons are particularly relevant for kids around the ages of 8-11." According to her, "studies indicate that's when they're starting to get their own devices and forming online habits."
Yi wrote that the program release coincides with kids getting out of school and having more time to spend online. And it's Internet Safety Month.
The game teaches the basics of how to keep yourself safe online: report cyberbullies, create a password with upper and lowercase letters, numbers and symbols, and how to use your privacy settings on social media.
Google partnered with a few different companies to bring this program to fruition. One was iKeepSafe, an internet safety coalition. President and CEO Holly Hawkins weighed in on why it's important for Google, specifically, to release this program.
"Google understands how embedded technology is in the lives of young people and the importance of reaching them at a young age and in an engaging manner," wrote Hawkins in an email. "The unique content coupled with the incredible reach of Google will help make this impactful."
The game is adorable and informative, but I think my brother would literally roll his eyes right out of his head if I made him sign the Be Internet Awesome Pledge, which is a non-binding contract between a kid and their family members saying that they'll "stay smart, alert, strong, kind and brave online." But then again, he's a game snob and just one kid.


Five women. One rock star. Who will be the bride in the celebrity wedding of the year?
Audra is back from Antarctica. Phuong the email-order bride is free, acquitted of all charges. Flavia's forgiven Jay, now she knows who's really responsible. Gaia the billionaire is determined to get what she wants. And Penelope's sporting a pink diamond engagement ring.
The weather may be as hot as Hell with the mother of all storms brewing off the coast, but Xan knows one thing for certain: come fire or flood or ex-fiancés, there will be a rock star wedding at Romance Island Resort.
But the question on everyone's lips is…who will be Jay Felix's bride?
My favorite quote is: "When life gives you a man who loves you and truly would die for you, you don't ask for perfection. You take that gift however he comes and you hold onto him." So much of this book is about accepting the love someone has for you, and you for them, without demanding perfection. And when you mess up don't run away, face up to it and don't waste time. Lots of lessons to learn in this book.	At the same time a great read with many adventures and surprises.


text:
Phil and Holly gobsmacked as 100-year-old gymnast shows off her flexibility live on This Morning
'Blows my mind, that woman is 100 and can do that and I'm 18 and can't touch my toes'
Charlotte SmithSenior Trending News & Video Journalist
Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby were left in complete shock and amazement when a 100-year-old showed off her flexibility on This Morning.
Marianne Watson, who has been a keen gymnast since she was a teenager, left the pair gobsmacked as she lifted both her legs up and behind her head during today's programme.
Despite her age, Marianne has never lost her flexibility in spite of admitting to "sitting all day, reading, writing letters and watching TV."
When asked by Phil how she has managed to stay so flexible, Marianne replied by simply saying: "I don't know."
This Morning / ITV
The 100-year-old, who lives at Down Hall Residential Care Home in Southminster, revealed she also tries to teach aerobics to her fellow residents.
She laughed as she told Phil and Holly how some of them "fall asleep" during her sessions, to which Holly replied: "Well I bet they can't keep up with you half of the time."
Marianne then proceeded to wow the duo as she effortlessly held her legs up in the air before bending them both over her head.
"That's just amazing!" Holly exclaimed.
'Has Mark caught coronavirus?' - The Chase fans worry The Beast has contracted disease after appearing 'unwell' on show
The Chase's Bradley Walsh left gobsmacked after Ant and Dec's explosive prank - but viewers aren't happy
And it seems it wasn't just the ITV crew that was impressed - many people took to Twitter to react.
One viewer tweeted: "That old woman on @thismorning is great!! I got cramp just watching her lift her legs up haha."
Another laughed: "I'm 29 and can't get my legs past my belly, nevermind my head. She's amazing!! Bless her."
"Blows my mind, that woman is 100 and can do that and I'm 18 and can't touch my toes." a third put.
A fourth wrote: "Well good on her, she's moving more than me!"
Another impressed viewer said: "She's a 100 and can do that, wow!"
One laughed: "They're clearly NOT her legs!"
Another quipped: "My legs get me to the fridge...to my car...that's all I need thank you very much!"


HMRC tax credits questionnaire is normally used by individuals and businesses and it consists of questions pertaining to qualification for tax credits. HMRC also known as HM Revenue and Customs offers tax credits or various payments made by the government to a tax payer. Most of the questions in the HMRC tax credits questionnaire revolve around the types of tax credits, income limits for tax credits, qualification for tax credits, and renewing tax credits in the UK among others.
Have you ever applied for HMRC tax credit before?
Are you married or are you just living with a partner?
In the period between 6 April 2010 and 5 April 2011, was your total annual income £26,000 or more? If it was more than £26,000 then please mention the amount.
Do you have severe disability?
If yes, have you ever received Disability Living Allowance? If yes then please specify amount.
Have you ever applied for a working tax credit?
Were you over the age of 50 years on 6 April 2010?


text:
Q: Determining the cardinality of a set If you have a set that looks like $S_1 = \{0,1,2,3,4\}$ I understand the cardinality of the set is $5$.
What about if you have a set of sets so
$S_1=\{S_2,S_3,S_4\}$
where,
$S_2=\{1,2,3\}$
$S_3=\{1,2\}$
$S_4=\{1\}$.
For the cardinality of $S_1$ do you count all the elements of the included sets so the answer would be $6$ or do you just count the number in the $S_1$ so it would be $3$.

A: It is the latter, i.e. we just count the number of elements of $S1$, which is 3.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Chico, CA, is a dream for those in search of work-life balance. Boasting one of the largest city parks in the United States, a burgeoning small-business scene, and a charming downtown, Chico is a place where you can truly have it all. Mission Ranch Apartments' excellent Northwest Chico location offers a peaceful retreat where you can relax and recharge between work and your next adventure. Enjoy some downtime in your one, two, or three bedroom apartment. When the weekend rolls around, mountain bike the scenic trails at Bidwell Park, spend an evening stargazing at Chico Community Observatory, or experience the distinctive wines of Butte County with a wine tasting tour.
Mission Ranch Apartments is conveniently situated near parks, eateries, and large employers. Bidwell Mansion State Historic Park, Enloe Medical Center, and California State University, Chico are all within 3 miles of our community. On a Sunday morning, walk to Sin of Cortez for a breakfast scramble and espresso. If you need to do some shopping, head to Chico Mall, and then treat yourself to live music and craft beer at Sierra Nevada Brewing Co.
Want to learn more about what our pet-friendly Chico community can offer you? Get in touch today and we'll be happy to schedule your tour of our lovely apartment homes.


Small stain on the knee as pictured but otherwise in perfect condition.
Postage only - $8 for a small bag, $13 for medium. If you are unable to pay within 24hrs, please advise in advance.
jayceee1406Great seller to deal with!


Endless possibilities with this property! Relax on the covered porch overlooking the pond. Ride your ATV or UTV down the many trails. Find the perfect trees to place your tree stands. There is an older home on the main road that was last used as a camp while the new camp was being built in 2006. Two stall garage to store all your toys. Grab a fishing pole and bring your friends and family to catch perch in your very own 3 acre pond!


Pundits have been calling for the death of the business card for years now. Writing in The Globe and Mail in 2007, for example, Amy Verner wrote that the growing number of Blackberry users (this was pre-iPhone and Android) presaged the end of the traditional business card. As more people began to carry smartphones, predicted Verner, more people would begin to ditch paper cards in favor of swapping digits.
Of course, reports of the business card's demise have been exaggerated. At South by Southwest this year, as at any conference I have attended over the past 4 years, I collected a stack of business cards that nearly tore the seams from my wallet. Clearly, for most people, the business card is still the networking tool du jour.
Yet, even if the business card hasn't died, perhaps it should. I've collected thousands of business cards from the people I've met over the years, and most of them just sit on my desk in a pile until I go to a new conference and get a fresh batch — then I toss the old ones in the recycle bin. Once I've emailed or called a new contact, I rarely look at those cards again, so what's the point?
For some people, a business card is a statement, a way to make an impression and be remembered — and for those whose business is rooted in visual design or being top of mind, investing in a memorable and unique business card has its advantages. But for most of us, exchanging business cards is just a ritual, a social formality that we've come to accept as a necessary part of the networking process. Indeed, in that same Globe and Mail article, Peter Post, the director of the Emily Post Institute, the go-to etiquette institute, told Verner, "The card is universal. There's this ritual that would be a shame to lose because we could push a button and electronically transmit the information."
Though the paper business card is alive and kicking, the phenomenal growth of the the smartphone market means that virtual card alternatives are finally viable. While it may not have the visual or tactile impact of a well-designed physical business card, the convenience offered by going virtual is causing some people to switch (or at least start relying less on paper cards).
Virtual business cards offer a number of advantages over their paper counterparts: they're cheaper (often free), they take up less room in your pocket, you can't run out of them, they automatically update, and perhaps most importantly, they can instantly hook into your social graph. What makes more sense given today's electronic message-centric business communication landscape: sorting through a pile of paper business cards to find someone's phones number, or clicking on an email address link on a mobile profile? Manually typing an email address into Gmail or following a new contact on LinkedIn?
"If I'm connected to someone on LinkedIn, I'll always have a way of finding them," events manager Dave Stevens told Forbes earlier this year. "If you rely on a business card and the person moves on, you'll get nothing but a bounced e-mail."
There are many ways to share virtual business cards, but one method that is gaining a lot of traction is mobile application Bump, which is available on the iPhone or Android (BlackBerry is forthcoming). The app allows people to automatically share business information from phone-to-phone based on proximity; meet a new contact and simply "bump" your phones together to share details. One of the reasons Bump is so attractive is that it emulates the ritual exchange of business cards by including a physical aspect to the information swap, but it still nixes those clumsy scraps of paper and keeps information in a highly usable, interactive digital format.
Still, though virtual business card use is on the rise, it's not quite time for the sun to set on the trusty printed card. The main reason comes back to aesthetics. "Some of the emerging virtual business card ideas are great, but they universally lack one critical ingredient: personality. Form is still just as important as function these days. A virtual business card is just data," said Richard Moross, CEO of Moo.com, in Fortune magazine.
Until virtual business cards carry the same visual impact as their paper counterparts, we'll have to put up with the ritual of exchanging cards. For many people, however, going virtual is finally a realistic alternative, which is why your next business card may be made of pixels and bits rather than ink and paper.


We can help you patent and market your invention in Egbert.
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'Tis the season for Baileys and all things rainbow, and if this spiked chocolate fudge doesn't get you in the mood for St. Patrick's Day, nothing will! This delicious, creamy chocolate Baileys fudge is a no-cook recipe, making it the perfect quick and easy treat to whip up for guests or as a last-minute hostess gift just like our chocolate freezer fudge.
This fudge has the perfect balance of chocolate and Irish cream flavor with no harsh alcohol bite. I used milk chocolate chips for a creamier fudge, but dark chocolate would be incredibly decadent – especially if you topped it with a sprinkle of sea salt!
Delicious and rich chocolate Baileys fudge is sure to please all your guests, it makes a perfect side to your cocktail or as a sweet treat for any gathering. You can also dissolve it in a glass of Baileys for an even richer cocktail experience. Plus, this recipe only requires 4 ingredients!
Wrap a few of these bite-sized chocolate bombs up in a cute treat bag and hand them out to your neighbors, friends, family or coworkers as a St. Patrick's day gift!
Once the mixture is smooth, add in the Baileys and optional vanilla.
Pop the parchment paper out of the loaf pan and cut the Baileys fudge into 1 inch squares. Store in a sealed container.
This Baileys Fudge was such a hit with everyone that was lucky enough to taste some and is definitely going to be added to my St Patrick's traditions!
There are so many delicious variations of Baileys fudge just like this Baileys Irish Cream Chocolate Fudge all decked out in adorable festive sugar candy fixings! Top off your St. Patrick's day by making a Shamrock Shake to go along side of your Baileys Fudge. Yum!
What's your favorite treat to enjoy for St. Patrick's Day?
'Tis the season for all things rainbow, and if this Baileys fudge doesn't get you in the mood for St. Patrick's Day, nothing will!
Oh, yum, I have to try this version!


How soon before a course is a syllabus available?... would like to purchase whatever I may need for the class ASAP.
The availability of viewing the syllabus in a course on Canvas depends on the settings that your school has put in place, and on if the instructor has posted it and published the course. This is a global forum for people who use Canvas, and while we know a lot about the technical aspects of Canvas we don't really have any insight to the particular instance that your school uses.
I suggest you contact the instructor directly to find out when it might be posted. Knowing that some students are wanting early access to see what materials are needed might also prompt getting it posted sooner than later.