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Los ojos simples u ocelos son pequeñas estructuras fotorreceptoras presentes en muchos animales, que funcionan como órganos de la visión. El término ocelo procede del latín oculus (ojo) y literalmente significa "ojito".

En los insectos existen dos tipos de ocelos: los ocelos dorsales o simples que se encuentra en las formas adultas de muchos tipos de insectos y los ocelos laterales o stemmata, que existen solamente en las larvas de algunos órdenes. Ambos tipos son muy diferentes estructural y funcionalmente.

Los ojos simples de otros animales como los cnidarios (pólipos y medusas) también son llamados ocelos, pero su estructura y anatomía es totalmente diferente a la del ocelo dorsal de los insectos.

Ocelos dorsales de los insectos

La mayoría de los insectos tienen un par de ojos compuestos relativamente grandes, localizados dorso-lateralmente en la cabeza. Cada ojo compuesto está formado de un cierto número de unidades llamadas omatidios.

En adición a los ojos compuestos, la mayoría de los insectos posee tres ojos simples u ocelos localizados en la parte superior de la cabeza, entre los ojos compuestos.

El número forma y función de los ocelos dorsales de los insectos es muy variable. Tienden a ser mayores en los insectos voladores, sobre todo abejas, avispas, libélulas y saltamontes.

Lo más frecuente es que estén presentes en número de tres, dos laterales y uno central, en algunos insectos terrestres como las cucarachas solo existen los dos laterales, estando ausente el central. Téngase en cuenta que estos ocelos laterales son del tipo dorsal y no deben confundirse con los ocelos laterales llamados stemmata que se presentan en algunas formas larvarias.

La estructura de un ocelo dorsal consta de una lente (córnea) y una capa de células fotorreceptoras (bastones). La lente puede estar fuertemente curvada como en las abejas, saltamontes y libélulas o ser plana como en las cucarachas. La capa de células fotorreceptoras puede estar situada inmediatamente tras la lente o separada de ella por un espacio (humor vítreo). El número de células fotorreceptoras también es muy variable, oscila entre varios cientos y algunos miles para los ocelos bien desarrollados.

Existen dos características notables de los ocelos que están presentes en la mayor parte de los órdenes de insectos:
 1. El poder refractivo de la lente es insuficiente para que se forme una imagen en la capa de células fotorreceptoras.
 2. Muchas células fotorreceptoras envían la información a una única neurona de segundo nivel en la que convergen.
Estas dos cualidades han llevado a la conclusión de que los ocelos son incapaces de distinguir las formas y que su función consiste en detectar la presencia de luz y su intensidad.

La gran apertura de la lente y su pequeña capacidad de refracción, así como la convergencia de la información generada en pocas neuronas, hacen concluir que los ocelos son más sensibles a la luz que los ojos compuestos. Además el pequeño número de conexiones nerviosas entre las células receptoras y los músculos efectores y el gran tamaño de las neuronas del ocelo que muchas veces son las mayores del sistema nervioso del animal, inducen a creer que la respuesta que proporcionan es más rápida que la del ojo compuesto.

Una de las teorías existentes sobre la función de los ocelos, supone que son utilizados para mantener la estabilidad del vuelo. Se han demostrado correcciones en el vuelo como respuesta a la luz en langostas y libélulas.

Referencias

Anatomía de los artrópodos
Fisiología de los insectos
Términos zoológicos
Ojo


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China, Switzerland launch free trade agreement talks
DAVOS, Switzerland - China and Switzerland formally launched bilateral talks on a free trade agreement Friday.
Chinese Minister of Commerce Chen Deming (R, front) and Swiss Economy Minister Johann Schneider-Ammann (L, front) attend a signing ceremony to mark the official launch of negotiations between Switzerland and China for a comprehensive Free Trade Agreement, in Davos, Switzerland, on Jan. 28, 2011. [Photo/Xinhua]
Speaking at the opening ceremony, Chinese Commerce Minister Cheng Deming said the agreement talks between China and Switzerland have attracted huge attention and interest from the countries' leadership and business communities.
China to double imports by 2015 to balance trade
China, France preparing for monetary reform summit
China and France preparing for monetary reform summit
China faced serious trade disputes in 2010
Cheng expected a successful conclusion of the FTA negotiations. Cheng said a free trade agreement would enhance mutual trust between the two sides and promote economic development and closer ties between China and Switzerland.
Swiss Federal Councilor Johann Schneider-Ammann expressed similar aspirations for the agreement as did his Chinese counterpart.
"The free trade agreement would further enhance trade and investment relations on a mutually beneficial basis, but also create many new opportunities for close exchange and cooperation," Schneider-Ammann said.
China and Switzerland have seen fast-growing bilateral trade and investments for decade. In the past 10 years, China's exports to Switzerland have grown by 18 percent while Switzerland registered an even stronger 25 percent surge in exports to China.
Currently, China is the largest trading partner of Switzerland in Asia, while Switzerland ranks ninth among China's trading partners in Europe.
The Chinese commerce minister is leading a delegation at Davos to attend the World Economic Forum, which started Wednesday.
Kebab vendor
Better known as Alim, the 40-year-old had been selected as the "Cyberspace Personality Who Moved the Hearts of the Chinese in 2010" for his decade-long help for needy people.
Import Tariff Cut
China slashed its import tariff on some electronic products, such as laptops and digital cameras, by 50 percent.
Chinese pop singer Faye Wong performs during a concert in Taipei January 21, 2011.
Star Tracks
Gong Li arrives at the italian design label Prada fashion show held in Beijing.
Would you like to share your photos during the Spring Festival holiday? You will be awarded if your photos are selected.
Li Xing
Learning different ways of thinking
Chen Weihua
A canny way to get things done
HK Edition

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Zurich Pre-Seed Incubator Batch 11
Welcome to the original incubation program running out of Zurich, Switzerland, since 2015. For ambitious pre-seed founders across all areas of Fintech and Insurtech.
Sign up to waiting list
Seed & follow-up investment
Receive CHF50k* / SGD70k* exchange for a small equity stake of 2,5% and a program participation fee of CHF10k / SGD15k. In addition, we may invest up to CHF400k / SGD600k in following rounds (*conditional, check FAQs for more detail).
Experts in Fintech & Insurtech
At F10, we live and breathe Fintech and Insurtech. We've seen more than 3000 startup applications and have worked with more than 200 startups in this space.
Dedicated Coaching & Support
Beyond masterclasses and input sessions, our dedicated coaching is what makes the difference. You'll have someone in your corner that will challenge and guide you through the process.
Grow your startup and get investment-ready
Our program challenges your assumptions, helps you find market-fit and gets you prepared to pitch to investors.
Renowned Mentors
Over the past six years, we've built a specialized network of over 200 mentors and experts that are happy to support exciting ventures and ambitious founders.
Come build your venture with F10, the leading incubator dedicated to exceptional founders creating the future of finance. If you are passionate and motivated entrepreneur, who has the drive and ambition to make your startup a success, we at F10 will help you get there faster!
Not only that, we invest CHF 50k* in the startups selected for the program, in exchange for a small equity stake of 2,5% and a program participation fee of CHF 10k. In addition, we may invest up to CHF 400k in a following round. (*conditional, check FAQs for more detail)
Pre-seed intensive hands-on incubation program with masterclass weeks spread out over the 4 months.
Starting late August 2023 and running through December 2023.
In our innovation space at Pfingsweidstrasse 110, in Zurich, Switzerland.
What we'll cover
Each Masterclass has a main focus, but will also cover other important topics for your development.
Masterclass 1
Value Proposition & Prototyping
Topics include: Value Identification, Problem Validation, Business Models, Business Prototyping, Business Models, Co-Founding, and more.
Fundraising & Structure
Topics include: Startup financing, fundraising, co-founding, advisory board, regulation, and more.
Topics include: Sales, Marketing, PoCs, Negotiation, and more.
Product Market Fit & Demo Day
Topics include: Product Market Fit, Negotiation, Pitching, Demo Day, and more.
Focused on the financial industry
You are a Fintech, Insurtech, or a RegTech, DeepTech, Web3, Sustainable Finance, LegalTech, or Crypto Finance startup with a solution or use case for the finance or insurance sector.
Validated Prototype
You have a validated problem as well as a prototype or MVP of your solution. You do not need to be incorporated to apply.
You have a founding team
Building a startup is hard and we believe that no person can do it by themselves. While you may apply as a solo-founder, you would need to find a cofounder before the program starts, as we do accept teams and not solo founders.
The startups
the mentors
Reach out to our global scouting team
Ivona Vujovic
Maria de la Torre
What is the application and selection process?
Step 1: Fill in theapplication form – it will take only 2-3 minutes – once submitted, youwill receive an email confirmation.
Step 2: A few days after the deadline, the top 50 teams will be invited to an online info session where you'll learn more about the program, our terms, next steps and you'll have the opportunity to ask your questions.
Step 3: The top 25 teams will be invited for our Speed Dating events in one of our hubs, after which we'll select the 15 teams that will enter the program.
We typically receive 200-250 applications per batch and we only invite the top 30 to the interviews. Only 10-15 teams make it into the program.
What are the conditions of the program?
We have a standard deal for all companies joining one of our flagship incubation programs in 2023 (Zurich Batch X, and Singapore Batch V).
We invest CHF 50'000*/SGD 70'000* in the startups selected for the program, in exchange for a small equity stake of 2,5% and a program participation fee of CHF 10'000 / SGD 15'000.
The program participation fee is due after receiving the above investment.
In addition, we may invest up to CHF 500'000 in a following round, with a warrant to invest up to CHF 1m over three years.
Disclaimer: This investment is currently conditional on the date of first closing of our seed fund and go-live early 2023. But don't worry, you'll have clarity on the conditions before committing to the program and signing the contract.
Do we need to be incorporated and which countries do you accept applications from?
You don't have to be incorporated when you apply. But you have to incorporate by the first masterclass.
For the Zurich program we mainly look for startups coming from the DACH region, UK, US, and Europe. If you are incorporated in any other country, you can still apply, but you may need to reincorporate in one of the before-mentioned countries to be accepted into the program.
For the Singapore program: we mainly focus on startups coming from Singapore, South Korea, India, Australia, and New Zealand. For startups coming from other countries in the region, for example Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Taiwan, Thailand, Hong Kong, we are happy to receive your application, but please be prepared to reincorporate in one of primarily mentioned countries in order to be accepted into the program.
For questions regarding the locations please contact the scouting team directly at scouting@f10.global
Do you accept solo founders and who needs to participate in the program?
We don't accept solo founders, but teams who have minimum 2 cofounders working 100% on the startup.
The time commitment for the program is 4 weeks in total (1 week per month, for the duration of each masterclass week). At least 2 co-founders must be present during that time.
My startup is not fintech, can I still apply?
We are looking for Fintech, Insurtech, or RegTech, DeepTech, Web3, Sustainable Finance, LegalTech, CryptoFinance startups or startups with a solution or a use case for the finance or insurance sector. So even if you don't strictly fall into the Fintech category, if any of the above applies to you, we are happy to see your application!
How do I know if my startup is a good fit for the program?
We look for early stage, pre-seed, pre-revenue startups that are currently raising or about to raise funding. We like to see a developed prototype or solution which has been validated, and ideally early traction.


I stumbled upon this article last night and I loved it so much I wanted to share it with everyone. It describes Cancers to a T!!!
I wanted to share with you my page for my art I've been doing. I add stuff to it often and I can do semi custom orders. Mostly just color requests. I'd love for everyone to share my page on their social media! I appreciate all of you for following me!!


Comparing Fort Eustis, VA homeowners insurance is easy. Enter your Zip at the top of the page and you will be on your way to finding the cheapest coverage for your home in Newport News City. Home insurance comparison is the most-trusted method of saving 30% or more on your premium. So stop overpaying and start saving by getting your quotes today.
What you should know about Fort Eustis, VA home insurance quotes is that not all of them are created alike, and while there are those that provide information on products that provide comprehensive coverage for an all-in-one premium, there are quotes that only provide information on certain types of coverage. And yet they will come up in the same query when you use insurance quotes websites, which can be a bad thing if you are not careful.
How much does Fort Eustis homeowner's insurance cost? Well, that really depends on your state. However, we are finding that across the United States, the average cost is between $600 to $1,600, with Idaho having the lowest average and Texas the highest. Of course, if you take a look at the specifics, you will find insurers that charge lower or higher than the state average.
Start saving now on your home insurance in Fort Eustis, VA. Enter your Zip Code at the top of the page and browse and compare through the list of the top insurance carriers in your area.
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The following is a list of Kinesiology Colleges, in alphabetical order, who are Registered Training Organisations (RTOs) or Modality Owners (MOs) or in partnership with RTOs delivering Kinesiology courses which can or may be supportive or based on the National Health Package HLT07 and who's curriculum meets the educational standards and requirements of the Institute.
(Note: This is not a definitive list and there may be other colleges delivering accredited Kinesiology courses. Should any other Kinesiology college who is an RTO or MO or in partnership with an RTO wish to be listed here, please contact the AIK Ltd for details and eligibility. Only Colleges who meet the AIK minimum course requirements will be accepted).
The AIK Ltd would like to thank the following applicants who have recently reapplied for accreditation recognition with AIK Ltd.
To ensure that our members know of your commitment to their profession please know that the AIKCAB has listed these organisations and their status.
Once the accreditation process has been complete the status of these organisations will reflect this for the membership of AIK Ltd.
If you are a training facility or organisation who has not yet reapplied for recognition of accreditation with AIK Ltd; the AIKCAB encourages you to email your application form (download from AIK Ltd website)as soon as possible.
This list will be periodically updated- so check it regularly!


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Hamas calls on URNWA to teach pupils displaced from Syria
Children Evicted From Five Gaza Schools Due To Israeli Bombardment
Court upholds Gaza to W. Bank exchange student ban
Home » Education Denied » Court upholds Gaza to W. Bank exchange student ban
The High Court of Justice recently upheld a government policy prohibiting a group of five Gazan women's rights activists from majoring in gender studies at Bir Zeit University north of Ramallah.
The women had been offered the opportunity to go to university through a US-sponsored scholarship program.
The ruling was noteworthy since in two previous hearings the court had issued two interim orders seemingly demanding that the state allow the women to use their scholarships and study for their degree.
The court had previously noted both that the state offered no specific security objection to any of the women themselves (although there were concerns regarding certain students' family members) and that they were mostly in their late 30s, older than the profiled "security risk" age group security agencies worry about the most.
The court and the petitioners had also noted that the state had recently departed from its policy in the past allowing Gazan students to study at West Bank Universities.
As recent as summer of 2010, the government permitted a group of Gazans to accept their US scholarships and study in the West Bank.
Besides that specific approval under similar circumstances, according to the Gisha Legal Center for Freedom of Movement, Israel approves travel from Gaza to the West Bank for about 4,000 people a month, despite a general ban on travel.
The court's final ruling did not endorse the state policy, but by declining to intervene, the court effectively left the Gazan women no way to overcome the policy – and study at the gender studies program.
There is no gender studies program in Gaza, where Hamas is in control and is not particularly sensitive to women's rights.
Israel controls any possible manner of travel between Gaza and the West Bank so even if the Fatah and Hamas authorities approve travel between the areas, it can ultimately veto any travel.
At the hearings before the court and in legal briefs submitted to prevent the Gazan women from traveling to the West Bank to study there, the state argued that it has both security and political reasons for banning the students from traveling.
From a security perspective, even if the particular students have not been involved in terror, the state regards West Bank universities as potentially problematic, claiming that some students are radicalized into involvement with terror during their studies.
Politically, the state says that its ban on travel is designed to weaken Hamas, which regularly fires rockets at Israeli civilians, fought a war with Israel from December 2008 to January 2009, promotes other terrorist attacks and is publicly committed to Israel's destruction.
The state claimed that the 5,000 Gazans allowed to visit the West Bank are almost all medical and humanitarian cases and that each individual is at the state's discretion.
The state explained that its "exception" to the ban on travel other than for humanitarian purposes – when it allowed students to accept US scholarships to study in the West Bank in 2010 – was done for undefined foreign policy reasons, also at the state's discretion.
Following the court's final ruling, the Gisha Legal Center for Freedom of Movement said that the US had pulled the funding for the scholarships, presumably because Israel's policy made it impossible for the scholarship money to actually be used by Gazan students.
However, a representative of the US Consulate said "there have been no canceled scholarships."
The implication was that while there had been a program for the Gazan students to apply to, no scholarships were actually granted for the current year – as opposed to some past years – and so no scholarships could have been canceled.
Asked if the US had applied any pressure on Israel to remove its ban to allow the Gazan women to attend the gender studies program in the West Bank, the US Consulate representative referred all inquiries to the Israeli authorities.
apartheidEntry and visa practicesNews Story
Book review: how Israeli school textbooks teach kids to hate
At the height of Israel's brutal 2008-09 assault on the Gaza Strip, then-foreign minister Tzipi Livni claimed that "Palestinians teach their children to hate us and we teach love thy...


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Biografia
Nei campionati europei di scherma ha conquistato una medaglia d'oro a Coblenza nel 2001 e due medaglie d'argento a Bourges nel 2003 ed a Zalaegerszeg nel 2005, nella gara di spada a squadre.

Palmarès
In carriera ha conseguito i seguenti risultati:

Europei di scherma
Coblenza 2001: oro nella spada a squadre.
Mosca 2002: bronzo nella spada a squadre.
Bourges 2003: argento nella spada a squadre.
Zalaegerszeg 2005: argento nella spada a squadre.

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


COSMOS+TAXIS takes its inspiration from Friedrich Hayek's (1979) distinction between spontaneous and planned orders. A spontaneous order, as Gus diZerega explains in the open- ing article, evolves in an orderly but unplanned fashion be- cause of the presence of shared rules, simplified feedback, and status equality among the order's participants. Though the most studied instantiation is the market order, this jour- nal is concerned with the broad manifold of spontaneous orders. Michael Polanyi (1962) used the term "spontaneous order" to explicate the evolution of science, while diZerega (1989) extended its application to democracy as distin- guished from the traditional authoritarian nation state, the largest-scale example of a taxis.


Where can I find a horse?
How do I tame a horse?
What do I feed my horse?
How do I level up my horse?
What happens if I do not feed my horse?
Why can't I get to locations on the other side of the river, even though I already have a horse?
What happens if I forget my horse in a location?
How do I obtain a horse of a different color?
How do I reach the Northern Lands on the other side of the river?
How do I move between locations in the Northern Lands?
You'll need your horse to move around locations in the Northern Lands. The area's topography makes walking or running between them impossible. Your horse will always return you home even if it is hungry, but after returning home you'll have to feed your starving steed before riding it again.
What's the difference between the new northern locations and those that are around my castle?
What is stunning and how does it work?
Why do I need an Alchemist's Table?


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Report: Bears "Done" With Jay Cutler, Plan To Cut Or Trade Him This Offseason
By Brian Rauf October 27, 2016
Chicago Bears quarterback Jay Cutler is the team's starting quarterback, but he will be playing elsewhere next season. According to Mike Mulligan of the Chicago Tribune, head coach John Fox is "done" with Cutler and plans to either cut or trade him after the season:
Two different league sources say Fox had told friends he was done with Cutler. The player is coming to the end of the guaranteed money on his contract and can be launched after this season with minimal salary cap impact.
The worst kept secret is football is that Cutler is only back as a starter because the Bears have nowhere else to turn. Hoyer's on injured reserve with a broken arm, Matt Barkley isn't ready for prime time and the organization has failed to draft or develop another option.
That leaves the rest of 2016 for Cutler to spend on trial before a jury of 31 other NFL teams. There is no mercy in that court. But there remains a glaring shortage of quarterbacks in professional football and some team somewhere has to be weighing the possibility of bringing in Cutler next year.
The Bears planned to have Cutler back up Brian Hoyer for the rest of the season, but Hoyer is on IR after suffering a broken arm in Thursday's loss to the Packers. Cutler suffered a sprained right thumb in Chicago's Week 2 loss to the Eagles, and will return for Monday's game against the Vikings.
He and Fox have been at odds virtually all season, especially after Fox publicly announced that Cutler wasn't going to get his job back when he returned from injury. This week, Cutler said Fox "doesn't have a choice" about playing him now.
The Bears signed Cutler to a seven-year, $126.7 million deal following the 2013 season, but only has $3 million of dead cap money left on that deal.
Cutler, who is in his 11th season in the league and 8th with the Bears, has passed for 373 yards, one touchdown and two interceptions so far this season.
Follow our Chicago Bears news page for all the latest Bears news!
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Another Chicago Bears article you might like: Bears Rumors & News: Coaching Staff Finalized + Why The Bears Are All In On Mitch Trubisky >>
Related Topics: Bears News, Jay Cutler, John Fox, NFL News


Our icon archive is now back online! I've added various icons to the archives. The base theme is by Kaci Elizabeth. I also want to thank Jessa for some of the icon PSDs used and for letting us display her Katie icons.


Review: "Endorsements and Supporting Documents".
This legislation will provide regulatory certainty that is critical for the mining industry and American investment in critical minerals.
It will provide relief from America's dependency on China and other unfriendly nations for critical minerals essential for our high-tech and military needs, which is essential for America's national security.
This legislation will help to curb the devastating environmental destruction occurring in China, which has profound and unwelcome affects on the United States and the world.
It will help prevent the theft of intellectual property by eliminating the need for American companies to re-locate manufacturing to China in order to secure a critical mineral supply chain.
It will promote environmentally responsible mining and reclamation practices here in the United States.
We urge you to support "Critical Minerals: National Security Amendments to the NDAA—'Breaking China's Grip on America's Mining and Production of Critical Minerals" by Signing the Petition below.
This update contains a document containing Endorsements and Supporting Documents for this petition. Click this link to view the documents.
As of the posting of this update our Petition website is in the beginning stages of collecting signatures. We hope you will join us in supporting PLP and Critical Minerals: National Security Amendments to the NDAA —"Breaking China's Grip on America's Mining and Production of Critical Minerals". We will provide additional updates as they become available.
We Have ( 1 ) Supporters. Please be one of them!
Please Share this Petition with your Social Networks, Friends and Family.


Henrico County, which recently decided to switch its high school students and teachers to Dell laptops rather than renew its contract with Apple, has said that departing seniors will get first dibs on the iBooks that were in use for the past four years. As reported by Olympia Meola of the Richmond Times-Dispatch, the county is planning to purchase approximately 22,000 iBooks for US$1 each at the end of the lease this summer, rather than return them to Apple. Once the county has taken care of its middle school students, who are still under a separate contract to use Apple laptops, it will offer the machines to this yearis seniors for $50 each.
"I hope they found them to be good pieces of equipment, and they are going to get some good use out of them going forward," Dave Myers, assistant superintendent for finance, told Ms. Meola.
After the seniors have had their chance to buy them, any iBooks left over will go on sale to the general public sometime this summer. According to Ms. Meolais article, almost a third of the graduating class at one high school was interested in purchasing the computers.


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Space Propulsion – all about space
Distance from Earth
Often asked: How Far From Earth Is Saturn?
by Steven Dawson
What is the distance between Saturn and the Earth? Saturn travels around the Sun at an average distance of 1,427,000,000 kilometers (887 million miles). It is around 1.2 billion kilometers (746 million miles) from Earth at its closest point, and its phase angle—the angle that it makes with the Sun and the Earth—never surpasses roughly 6 degrees.
1 How many years would it take to get to Saturn?
2 How far away is Saturn from Earth today?
3 How many months does it take to get to Saturn from Earth?
4 How many light years does it take to travel from Earth to Saturn?
5 What happens if you fall into Saturn?
6 Can you walk on Saturn?
7 Where is the planet Saturn now?
8 Is Saturn the only planet with a ring?
9 How hot is the Saturn?
10 Can humans live on Saturn?
11 Can we live in Pluto?
12 Is Saturn habitable?
13 How many years away is Mars?
14 How long would it take to get to Moon?
15 What distance is 1 light-year closest to?
How many years would it take to get to Saturn?
Saturn is 1.2 billion kilometers distant from the Earth when it is at its closest. You'll need around eight years to complete the journey with current spaceship technologies.
How far away is Saturn from Earth today?
Saturn's distance from the Earth is astronomical. Saturn's distance from the Earth is presently 1,500,490,902 kilometers, which is equal to 10.030162 Astronomical Units. Saturn is currently 1,500,490,902 kilometers away from the Earth.
How many months does it take to get to Saturn from Earth?
In order to accomplish this speed, they went along pathways that enabled them to take advantage of the gravitational pulls of objects in our solar system in order to accelerate. It took these two spacecraft approximately 3 years and 2 months to reach Saturn, which is encircled with rings.
You might be interested: Readers ask: How Far Away Is Mars From Earth On Average?
How many light years does it take to travel from Earth to Saturn?
As of this writing, Saturn's distance from the Earth is 1,533,627,000 kilometers, which is comparable to 10.251668 Astronomical Units. When light travels from Saturn to the Earth, it takes 1 hour, 25 minutes, and 15.6316 seconds to arrive.
What happens if you fall into Saturn?
Saturn's atmosphere is composed primarily of gas, and the very top layers of Saturn's atmosphere have almost the same pressure as the atmosphere on Earth. As a result, if you attempted to walk on this portion of Saturn, you would be sucked into Saturn's atmosphere. Saturn's atmosphere is quite thick, and the pressure increases as you move deeper inside the planet.
Can you walk on Saturn?
If you tried to walk on the surface of Saturn, you would plunge inside the planet, where you would be subjected to increasing temperatures and pressures until you were crushed by the planet's interior pressures and temperatures. Of course, you wouldn't be able to stand on the surface of Saturn, but if you could, you'd feel around 91 percent of the gravitational pull of the Earth.
Where is the planet Saturn now?
As of right now, Saturn is located in the constellation of Capricornus. In the current Right Ascension, the time is 20h 42m 28s, while the time in the current Declination is -19° 03′ 26″.
Is Saturn the only planet with a ring?
Saturn is the sixth planet from the sun in the solar system. True, it isn't the only planet having rings; nonetheless, it is the most prominent. The planets Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune all have rings as well. Saturn's rings, on the other hand, are the largest and most visible.
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How hot is the Saturn?
Planet Saturn has a rather chilly climate, with an average temperature of 288 degrees Fahrenheit (-178 degrees Celsius). Although there are some minor changes in temperature as one goes from the equator to the poles, the vast majority of Saturn's temperature variance is horizontal, rather than vertical.
Can humans live on Saturn?
Saturn is unlikely to be a habitable planet for humans since it lacks a solid surface. However, the gas giant does contain a plethora of moons, some of which, like Titan and Enceladus, would be intriguing settings for space colonies to be established.
Can we live in Pluto?
Even if Pluto's surface temperature is incredibly low, it makes no difference because any interior ocean would be warm enough to support life. This could not be life that relies on sunlight for its energy, as most life on Earth does, and it would have to exist on the chemical energy that is likely to be limited in Pluto's atmosphere.
Is Saturn habitable?
Unfortunately, this is not the case. Saturn, as a gas giant planet, is incapable of supporting life in the manner that we know it. It does not have a solid surface since it is made up primarily of gases, primarily hydrogen and helium. The further up in the atmosphere you go, the denser the gas becomes, and the pressure eventually turns it into a liquid.
How many years away is Mars?
Sadly, this is not the case.. As a gas giant planet, Saturn is incapable of supporting life in its current form. This is due to the fact that it is constituted primarily of gases, primarily hydrogen and helium, and hence has no solid surface. With increasing altitude, the gas becomes denser and is squeezed into a liquid by atmospheric pressure.
You might be interested: How Far Into The Earth Have We Gone?
How long would it take to get to Moon?
It takes around 3 days for a spacecraft to arrive at the Moon's surface. During that period, a spaceship will have traveled at least 240,000 miles (386,400 kilometers), which is the distance between the Earth and the Moon, according to NASA. The particular distance varies depending on the path that is taken to get there.
What distance is 1 light-year closest to?
Spacecraft may reach the Moon in around three days. It takes a spaceship at least 240,000 miles (386,400 kilometers) to travel between the Earth and the Moon in that amount of time, according to NASA. According to the path that is taken, the exact distance will vary.
Readers ask: How Far Is New Horizons From Earth?
How Far Is Uranus From Earth In Au?
Steven Dawson
VIEW ALL POSTS BY Steven Dawson
FAQ: How Far Is Voyager 1 Times The Distance Is Earth From The Sun?
The Status of the Mission Voyager 1 Voyager 2 Distance from Earth 155.46627559 AU 129.18069234 AU Distance from Sun 14,378,651,064 mi 11,961,784,106 mi 154.68270284 AU 128.68252300 AU Velocity with respect to the Sun (estimated) 38,026.77 mph 34,390.98 mph • There are five of them. Contents1 How many light days is the distance of Voyager 1 […]
Often asked: How Far Is Next Sun From Earth?
The Earth's closest approach to the sun, known as perihelion, occurs in early January and is around 91 million miles (146 million km) away from the sun, or just shy of one astronomical unit. Aphelion is the distance between Earth and the sun at which it is at its farthest distant. It arrives in early […]


For more than two decades, there have been two predominant buses for instrument control – the RS232 serial bus, primarily used to control scientific and analytical instrumentation, and the IEEE 488 GPIB, primarily used to control traditional test and measurement equipment.
While RS232 ports have been readily available on both desktop and notebook computers worldwide, controlling instruments through GPIB requires the use of special controller hardware. When considering choices for instrument control hardware, many scientists and engineers often make the choice solely based on price, incorrectly assuming that GPIB interfaces are a commodity and that all controllers are equal.
In this white paper, three key differentiators for GPIB controller hardware are examined and the hardware and software features that can make significant improvements in all areas of your test and measurement systems, from more productive and efficient application development, to faster and more reliable application execution, to worry-free debugging and maintenance, are explained.
For the remainder of this white paper, we focus on these three critical areas for GPIB controller hardware and analyze specific features of National Instruments GPIB hardware and software that give you clear advantages in each of them. In addition, we provide a comparison to other non-NI GPIB hardware products and examine the benefits of an NI solution, both in time and money.
Before proceeding, it is very important to note that although each of these three areas is discussed separately, it is not possible to completely divide them. For example, in order for a driver to provide high reliability and robustness, it may incur additional internal overhead which could negatively affect performance. Having the best GPIB software and hardware combination is having a delicate balance of features that provides the optimum in performance, reliability, and productivity.
When judging the overall performance of GPIB hardware, the most obvious specification is the rated throughput of the board. For example, does the board have a maximum throughput of 700 kB/s, 1.5 MB/s or 8 MB/s? However, in addition to that rating, there are several other important factors to look at that are now explored in more detail. These factors can be combined into two areas: 1) hardware speed, and 2) driver speed.
The maximum throughput rating on a board is very important because it indicates the fastest throughput at which the board can transfer data over the GPIB. The faster the transfer, the more data can be transferred over a shorter period of time. This can be very important in a production test environment where reducing product test time by a few milliseconds can result in significant cost savings. It is also important to look at how fast a GPIB board can transfer data under differing transfer sizes. For example, does the board perform as well using small data blocks and large data blocks? How consistent is the throughput response of the board over a range of data transfer block sizes? Figure 1 shows the performance of the NI PCI-GPIB for various data block sizes.
As you can see from the chart, the maximum NI PCI-GPIB transfer rate is more than 1.5 MB/s and reaches a transfer rate of greater than 1 MB/s for a transfer block size of 500 B, a fairly common transfer size. In addition, even at transfer block sizes of less than 500 B, the board still performs very well.
NI achieves this increase in performance by relying on custom designed GPIB ASICs. All NI hardware designed since 1997, has used an NI TNT GPIB ASIC. In addition to the custom NAT4882 circuitry required to perform IEEE 488.2 controller/talker/listener functions, the NI TNT ASICs incorporate the Turbo488 performance enhancing core as well as the required GPIB transceivers. In addition, the NI TNT ASICs include an onboard FIFO and are capable of DMA transfers, which save CPU time because the PC can focus on other tasks while a GPIB transfer is in progress.
In contrast, many other GPIB suppliers use GPIB functionality in FPGA. However, the FPGAs do not incorporate any of the performance-enhancing features available in the NI TNT ASICs. In addition, many low-cost boards offer poor hardware speed because they are not DMA capable and do not include onboard FIFOs.
The NI TNT ASICs also provide additional features that improve performance. The NI TNT ASICs provide exact adherence to the IEEE 488.1 T1 delay times, ensuring that no data is lost by instruments and that transfers happen as efficiently as possible. In addition, the NI TNT ASICs provide incredibly fast response times to handshaking signals. Finally, the NI TNT ASICs offer the high-speed handshaking protocol, HS488, defined by IEEE Standard 488.1-2003. The HS488 protocol defines data throughput rates up to 8 MB/s. Users can take advantage of HS488 if they connect their NI GPIB controller to a HS488-capable instrument.
A comparison of the hardware performance of the NI PCI-GPIB to other providers' PCI-based GPIB controllers shows a clear NI advantage. In addition to the manufacturers rated performance, a test was set up in which a unit under test that was loaded with a programmable electronic load and its response was read by an oscilloscope. These instruments were controlled by a very simple software application. The application was flexible and could send and receive data to and from the instruments in small blocks, large blocks, and a mixture of both. Comparing the performance of the NI GPIB hardware versus the lower-cost GPIB boards showed that depending on the board being used, a 5 to 30 percent performance improvement could be achieved. This is a significant advantage. For example, over a 10-hour shift, with a 20 s test time per device, a 5 to 30 percent performance improvement translates to 110 to 820 additional devices tested. Over a 5-day work week, that advantage translates to 570 to 4120 additional devices tested.
Although the hardware speed may be the most important factor in determining the overall performance of a GPIB board, driver speed is another crucial aspect of the overall execution of a board. How well the driver architecture is designed determines how efficient it is in handling various types of GPIB calls, including GPIB data transfers as well as GPIB bus management calls and error handling.
One important task the driver handles is serial polling. The GPIB standard requires the controller to be capable of performing a serial poll, where it polls every device on the GPIB bus and determines which device has requested service. An application must dedicate a certain amount of execution time to serial polling to determine which devices on the bus require service. The NI-488.2 driver implements this in a very efficient manner, and in addition, provides an autopolling mechanism whereby the driver conducts the serial polls in the background, taking advantage of application and processor idle time. Not only does autopolling more efficiently use PC resources, but by performing an autopoll the driver is capable of detecting and responding to a service request much faster than it would otherwise.
In addition to polling, it is important that a driver be capable of synchronous as well as asynchronous transfers. By having the ability to transfer data asynchronously, the instrument control application can devote PC processor time to other tasks. For example, an application can have two simultaneous loops, one responsible for the GPIB transfers and one that can perform other analysis or user interface tasks.
Finally, because the NI GPIB driver API is the de facto industry standard, lower-cost GPIB providers typically supply a driver that uses a wrapper around their driver that responds to calls to the NI driver. Because these driver developers do not know the internal architecture and intricacies of the NI driver, they are not able to optimize the performance of their driver. The result is poor performance of these wrapped drivers. In addition, driver developers rarely provide a wrapper for every function in the NI driver, which leaves some applications with unavailable functions.
The second important factor in choosing a GPIB solution is reliability, which is not limited to hardware reliability only but extends to software reliability as well as vendor reliability.
Custom ASICs - NI uses the custom TNT ASICs, which incorporate almost 30 years of GPIB engineering know-how.
Efficient Designs - By using custom ASICs NI is able to reduce the overall number of components in each design, therefore decreasing the chances for failure. For example, the mean time between failures (MTBF) for a certain product is usually calculated based on the MTBF for the individual components. The smaller the number of components on a product the better its MTBF will be.
Environmental Specifications - Most NI GPIB hardware is rated to operate with the same accuracy and reliability at temperatures ranging from 0 to 55 *C (individual products may vary). Many third-party GPIB boards are rated from 0 to 40 *C and their functionality differs closer to the edges of that range.
Industry Specifications - NI GPIB hardware adheres to the latest industry specifications including IEEE 488.1-2003 and the PCI specification v 2.1 for the NI PCI-GPIB.
Manufacturing Effectiveness - It is important for your GPIB vendor to have a reliable manufacturing process that results in a high-quality product. NI has manufactured GPIB products for more than 30 years, optimizing the process to increase yields and ensure the highest-quality products. As a result, our GPIB products have extremely low return rates.
Hardware Warranty - NI GPIB hardware comes with a 1-year warranty to ensure that in the rare cases where a product does malfunction, you are not liable for repair costs.
Having reliable software ensures minimal downtime as well as a wider variety of systems on which to develop and deploy GPIB applications. NI-488.2 driver software is full-featured and has evolved over many man-years of development. For example, with NI-488.2 you can develop multithreaded applications as well as those written to run on multiprocessor or hyperthreaded systems. The driver has been thoroughly tested on those types of systems to ensure reliable, uninterrupted use.
Finally, your GPIB vendor can play a major role in the overall reliability of your application. National Instruments has been manufacturing GPIB products for more than 30 years. We have great expertise in making these products and a long track record in supporting older interfaces and providing the same compatible API for those 20 years. NI is also ISO 9001:2000 certified, showing that our internal processes meet industry standards and further ensure the quality and reliability of our products.
In addition to performance and reliability, a very important factor to examine is productivity. Productivity can be maximized both at development time as well as in system and application maintenance. Productivity can be achieved by using a full-featured, highly usable, and architecturally stable driver.
An instrument driver is a set of software routines that control a programmable instrument. Instrument drivers greatly simplify instrument control and reduce test program development time by eliminating the need to learn the programming commands for each instrument. National Instruments provides drivers for more than 6,500 instruments and 300 different vendors. These instrument drivers are written for LabVIEW, LabWindow/CVI and/or Microsoft Visual Studio. Because these drivers have already been created for you and are available as free downloads, your productivity will not be hindered during set-up and you will be able to get started much quicker with your application.
The National Instruments GPIB driver, NI-488.2, provides countless features that increase development productivity and improve driver usability. Many of these features are unique to NI-488.2 and not available with any of the lower-cost GPIB products available on the market.
Common Driver — NI provides a common GPIB driver that handles NI GPIB controllers for PCI, PCI Express, PXI, PCMCIA, USB, Ethernet, and ISA (PnP). You can easily port an application from one platform to another without having to rewrite software.
Driver Localization — NI-488.2 is localized in Japanese, Korean, simplified Chinese, and traditional Chinese.1 Localization simplifies board installation, driver operation, and programming because the installation instructions and software are in the user's native language.
Technical Support — NI provides complimentary world-class support through extensive online support options. Ensuring that you can get timely and accurate answers to your questions is essential to guaranteeing that your projects run smoothly and on time.
Multiple Interface Capability — NI-488.2 is one of the few drivers on the market that lets you install and use more than one interface on the same system. For example, you can install a PCI-GPIB at GPIB0 and GPIB-USB-B at GPIB1 for controlling multiple instruments, independent of each other, for applications that require more predictable instrument response. Because the driver provides this feature, developing such applications is fairly straightforward. Thanks to this feature, a GPIB controller can be replaced by a GPIB controller of another type without any software changes.
Utilities — NI- 488.2 provides several utilities that greatly improve development productivity.
You can use the NI-488.2 Communicator to verify that you can establish simple communication with your GPIB instrument. This is an interactive utility that allows you to write commands to your instrument and read responses back from your instrument. It provides detailed information about the status of the NI-488.2 calls and you can use it to print sample C source code that performs a simple query to a GPIB instrument.
Interactive Control or ibic is available for more advanced, yet very quick, interactive communication with your GPIB instruments. It allows you to interactively enter and execute GPIB functions or routines without using a development application or programming language. By successfully communicating with your GPIB instrument using the Interactive Control utility, you can quickly confirm that your hardware is fully capable of integration with your programming environment.
Using NI I/O Trace, the user can "trace" driver calls. This feature is extremely useful for application debugging. The NI I/O Trace records all device and board level calls with a time stamp. Developers can easily and efficiently detect errors and timing issues in their applications. This utility further differentiates National Instruments GPIB device functionality and usability above all others.
With GPIB Analyzer, the you can analyze the physical bus activity by observing all of the GPIB handshake signals, interface management signals, and data signals. This capability is very useful for advanced debugging where NI I/O Trace alone cannot resolve the problems. In addition, you can analyze bus timing issues in much more detail. The GPIB Analyzer software is only available with NI GPIB Analyzer boards (PCI-GPIB+). No other GPIB supplier provides similar functionality.
Integration with NI Products - NI-488.2 integrates very well with other NI products including LabVIEW, LabWindows/CVI, Measurement Studio for Microsoft Visual Studio, and Measurement & Automation Explorer (MAX). Although some other GPIB vendors provide driver wrappers for the NI-488.2 driver, these drivers are typically incomplete, work with LabVIEW only, and provide none of the configuration and debugging utilities available in MAX.
API Compatibility - National Instruments NI-488.2 API the de facto industry standard for GPIB communication. The API has improved in performance and efficiency yet unchanged from a user standpoint for more than 20 years. With this stability, applications originally written for an ISA board on DOS or a NuBus board on a Macintosh can run unchanged with a PCI board on Windows XP.
OS Transparency - NI provides complete drivers for most interfaces on the most common OSs, such as Windows Vista/XP/2000/NT/Me/9x, Linux, Solaris, and Mac. NI also provides drivers for some interfaces on less common OSs such as HP-UX and Tru64 Digital UNIX. Finally, for interfaces and OSs for which NI does not offer a complete driver, we provide a driver development kit (DDK) so that you can implement the driver on the OS of your choice. Again, because the driver API is always the same, the user can easily port applications between OSs and interfaces.
Availability of Products - Not only does NI provide GPIB controllers for the widest variety of buses, those products continue to be available for many years after the bus is no longer popular. NI still sells interfaces for ISA and SBus among others. This feature guarantees that you do not have to spend time unnecessarily upgrading an application because an older interface is no longer available.
This paper provides an overview of the advantages that you obtain by using GPIB hardware and software from National Instruments. NI GPIB hardware and software products deliver improved performance, high reliability, and increased productivity. Performance is improved through state-of-the-art hardware and highly optimized software that maximize throughput. NI GPIB products deliver high reliability through stable hardware and software and more than 30 years as a leading GPIB vendor. You can increase your productivity by using easy and effective development and debugging tools, and a stable software architecture.
NI GPIB products deliver these benefits so you can design, develop, and test your products faster and more efficiently. Even a small incremental advantage that results from these benefits can, over time, result in very large savings in both time and money.
1 Korean, simplified Chinese, and traditional Chinese localization available in NI-488.2 for Windows 2000/XP version 2.3 and higher. Japanese localization is currently available.


There has been a lot of talk online recently about the Talons of the Emperor list and specifically the Custodes, so we decided to take a look at ways of playing them. We also look at how to look after your paints, no one likes to pick a paint pot out only to find it dried and useless. Additionally there has been a lot of things going on at GW that we chat about.
00:00:00 – 00:40:43 – Intro, Sponsors, What we have been up.
01:12:21 – 02:10:15 – Custodes Issues?


A proposed housing complex made out of repurposed shipping containers has passed its first hurdle in St. Helens following approval from the St. Helens Planning Commission this week.
The planning commission unanimously approved a conditional use permit on Tuesday, July 11, which allows developer Carl Coffman to move forward with designs for houses made of recycled shipping containers, which he proposes as an affordable option for potential homeowners in St. Helens.
Coffman is a Portland-based developer who also worked in St. Helens to restore the Muckle Building in 2013.
In January, Coffman proposed building an affordable housing complex of multi-family units on the city's waterfront property by using repurposed shipping containers. While the council was interested in the idea of creating affordable housing, no immediate action was taken. By working with the city to pursue the concept of building homes from unconventional materials, as well as building on city-owned land, Coffman refined his initial proposal and scaled back the project.
A recent proposal submitted to the St. Helens Planning Commission outlines an eight-unit complex that Coffman would construct on a city-owned property on 7th Street, just west of the 6th Street Park. The housing complex would consist of eight single-bedroom homes, with a shared private and public parking lot on the north side of the property.
Coffman, who is designing the homes through his company Relevant Buildings, has proposed using two 8-foot-wide by 40-foot-long containers to build stackable housing units of 640-square-feet each. By keeping building costs low, in the mid $70,000 range, the units could be sold for less than $100,000 each, he explained.
Last fall, the median home sales price in St. Helens was $240,000, according to a housing needs assessment by ECONorthwest. Nationally, the average home sales price was $372,500 in 2016, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. The National Association of Realtors estimates the price for a typical home in the first quarter of 2017 at $210,817.
Although the planning commission approved the housing proposal, St. Helens City Planner Jacob Graichen said there is a 14-day waiting period when someone could appeal the decision. An appeal, if filed, would go to the St. Helens City Council.
The property where Coffman is proposing to build the housing units is city-owned and zoned for residential use; however, city code requires a special land use permit for any multi-family dwelling, Graichen added.


text:
#include <string>

#include "testing/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h"
#include "webrtc/common_video/include/i420_buffer_pool.h"

namespace webrtc {

TEST(TestI420BufferPool, SimpleFrameReuse) {
  I420BufferPool pool;
  rtc::scoped_refptr<VideoFrameBuffer> buffer = pool.CreateBuffer(16, 16);
  EXPECT_EQ(16, buffer->width());
  EXPECT_EQ(16, buffer->height());
  // Extract non-refcounted pointers for testing.
  const uint8_t* y_ptr = buffer->DataY();
  const uint8_t* u_ptr = buffer->DataU();
  const uint8_t* v_ptr = buffer->DataV();
  // Release buffer so that it is returned to the pool.
  buffer = nullptr;
  // Check that the memory is resued.
  buffer = pool.CreateBuffer(16, 16);
  EXPECT_EQ(y_ptr, buffer->DataY());
  EXPECT_EQ(u_ptr, buffer->DataU());
  EXPECT_EQ(v_ptr, buffer->DataV());
  EXPECT_EQ(16, buffer->width());
  EXPECT_EQ(16, buffer->height());
}

TEST(TestI420BufferPool, FailToReuse) {
  I420BufferPool pool;
  rtc::scoped_refptr<VideoFrameBuffer> buffer = pool.CreateBuffer(16, 16);
  // Extract non-refcounted pointers for testing.
  const uint8_t* u_ptr = buffer->DataU();
  const uint8_t* v_ptr = buffer->DataV();
  // Release buffer so that it is returned to the pool.
  buffer = nullptr;
  // Check that the pool doesn't try to reuse buffers of incorrect size.
  buffer = pool.CreateBuffer(32, 16);
  EXPECT_EQ(32, buffer->width());
  EXPECT_EQ(16, buffer->height());
  EXPECT_NE(u_ptr, buffer->DataU());
  EXPECT_NE(v_ptr, buffer->DataV());
}

TEST(TestI420BufferPool, FrameValidAfterPoolDestruction) {
  rtc::scoped_refptr<VideoFrameBuffer> buffer;
  {
    I420BufferPool pool;
    buffer = pool.CreateBuffer(16, 16);
  }
  EXPECT_EQ(16, buffer->width());
  EXPECT_EQ(16, buffer->height());
  // Try to trigger use-after-free errors by writing to y-plane.
  memset(buffer->MutableDataY(), 0xA5, 16 * buffer->StrideY());
}

}  // namespace webrtc

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Local trail run raises awareness for multiple myeloma
Fred McCormick
Black Mountain News
There is no cure for multiple myeloma, the form of blood cancer Kenny Capps was diagnosed with in 2015. But that won't stop the Black Mountain man from embarking on a 1,000-plus-mile run from the Outer Banks to Clingman's Dome in April.
The goal of the run, in which Capps will travel the Mountain-to-Sea Trail joined by fellow runners at various points on his trip, is simple - raise $117,500, or $100 per mile, for Throwing Bones For a Cure, a nonprofit organization Capps established to help others battling the disease. He's hosting a 5K in his hometown to kick it all off.
At 9 a.m. on Saturday, March 3, the Throwing Bones Trail 5K will get underway on the Black Mountain campus of Montreat College. The event gives runners a brief glimpse of what daily life will be like for Capps once he begins his nearly two-month run.
"This 5K will raise money for the organization and kind of set up the Throwing Bones Run," Capps said. "We thought the idea of a trail run would tie into what we're already doing with the Mountain-to-Sea trail, but we wanted to make it short enough to where people who don't typically run could be a part of it."
The course will take runners along 3.1 miles of trails over relatively flat terrain. All of the proceeds will go to Throwing Bones For a Cure, which allocates money to three causes related to multiple myeloma, according to Capps.
"One third of the money goes to research; those funds go the (Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation)," he said. "We also want to encourage multiple myeloma patients to stay active during and after treatment, because that not only makes the treatment and recovery go better, but it helps you live a better quality of life."
The organization is establishing a grant for multiple myeloma patients and their caregivers, Capps added.
"The fund will allow for multiple myeloma patients, or their caregivers, to apply for nonmedical financial assistance to help with basic bills, money for transportation to and from treatment or money for a hotel room if they're going to get treatment," he said.
The costs associated with treatment can take a toll, according to Capps, who regularly takes trips to Atlanta to see a specialist at Emory University. He received a bone marrow transplant there in August 2015.
"After my transplant I had to stay near the facility, and I had to pay for that," he said. "Insurance doesn't cover those costs, but everyone has to consider them if they're getting treatment."
Unable to continue to work after his diagnosis, Capps was also not able to run for four months after his transplant. That was particularly tough for a man who had used the sport as a way to cope prior to his diagnosis.
He began running by December of 2015 and by the end of 2016 "I realized I had run 16 races that year, including three half marathons and several 10Ks," Capps said.
Though his life would never get back to the way it was, he wanted something that would allow him to focus his attention on a task.
"At first I said to my wife 'what if I ran the whole Mountain-to-Sea Trail,'" he said. "She wasn't aware how long that was, and I don't think I was at that point."
Capps decided the run could serve as a way to raise money and awareness for the disease. The name "Throwing Bones" is a play on the name of a Grateful Dead song, "Throwing Stones."
"I'm a bit of a Dead Head," he said. "The bones of course, are a big part of myeloma and throwing bones means letting it ride and then the jam band reference, it's like a triple entendre."
Capps will attend the 5K, but won't be running since he'll be just a week removed from taking on the Black Mountain Marathon. He registered to run the Mount Mitchell Challenge, but with his April run to the coast looming, he decided the risk of injury traversing the peak of the mountain - part of the Challenge - was too great.
"With this run coming up I wanted to play it safe," he said. "If there wasn't a time cutoff for the Challenge I'd just do it and take my time, but if I push myself too hard, the risk of hurting an ankle or something goes way up."
Capps's cancer, which originated in his hip, isn't in remission, and it has taken a toll on his body. "I don't think about that stuff because it doesn't help me or anybody else," he said. "It's not to be noble or brave, it's just that I don't see the purpose."
For more on the Throwing Bones Trail 5K, including registration, visit throwingbonestrail5k.org.


text:
US and UK reiterate support for Iran talks
Obama and Cameron discuss expectations for next round of Iran nuclear talks to take place later this month.
13 Nov 2013 19:03 GMT
The two leaders discussed expectations for next round of talks amid push to give diplomacy a chance [Reuters]
US President Barack Obama and British Prime Minister David Cameron have spoken about their expectations for the next round of negotiations on Iran's nuclear programme, as part of a phone conversation about several security issues in the Middle East, the White House said.
"On Iran, the president and prime minister reiterated their support for the P5+1's unified proposal and discussed their expectations for the next round of talks," the White House said on Tuesday.
Iran and the six world powers - the US, Britain, Russia, France, China and Germany - came close to a preliminary nuclear agreement at the weekend during talks in Geneva and decided to resume negotiations on November 20 in their attempt to defuse a decade-old standoff.
Israel and some Western governments fear Iran is using its nuclear programme as a covert means to develop weapons, a charge that Tehran denies.
Tightening sanctions
The White House warned US lawmakers on Tuesday that tightening sanctions on Iran could box America into a "march to war" and derail a diplomatic push to limit Tehran's atomic programme.
The warning marked a significant toughening of President Barack Obama's stance towards Congress.
"The American people do not want a march to war," White House spokesman Jay Carney told reporters.
US Secretary of State John Kerry, who will hold a closed-door briefing on Iran at the Senate Banking Committee on Wednesday, wants a "temporary pause" in the imposition of additional sanctions on Tehran by US lawmakers to give diplomacy a chance.
"Having the negotiation does not mean giving up anything," Kerry told reporters.
"The time to oppose it is when you see what it is, not to oppose the effort to find out what is possible,"he said.
Fresh from the talks, Kerry believes it would be a "mistake" for the US Congress to impose additional sanctions on Iran now amid negotiations with Tehran over its nuclear programme, State Department spokeswoman Jen Psaki said.
SOURCE: Agencies


That's all fine and good. The government is correct that although the Miranda warnings famously promise that "You have the right to an attorney" and "If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be provided for you," that's not literally true: Your right, for Miranda purposes, is only (at most) to have law enforcement officials cease questioning after you have asked for an attorney. In the criminal justice system, the right to actually consult with an attorney attaches later, more or less when the government initiates the criminal process, such as presentment.
In this case, however, John Doe's right to an attorney is not for purposes of defense to a criminal prosecution–that's not happening (at least not as of now). The issue, instead, is his ability–his right–to file a petition for a writ of habeas corpus, challenging the lawfulness of his military detention. I don't believe the government disagrees that once he has the right to file such a petition, he also has the right to meet with a lawyer to discuss his habeas rights. The relevant question, then, is whether he has been informed that he has the right to file a habeas petition, with the assistance of counsel. And DOJ's answer to that appears to be: No. DOJ writes that "Respondent"–that would be the Secretary of Defense–"is not currently aware of any additional information regarding the individual's wishes in connection with his invocation of constitutional rights or pursuit of remedies in U.S. courts." As I read it, this means: We have not told him he has a right to petition for habeas (with the aid of counsel).
[T]he Supreme Court has made clear that the "[t]he Executive is entitled to a reasonable period of time to determine a detainee's status" before a habeas petition is appropriate. See Boumediene, 553 U.S. at 795. As explained, although the Government intends to make a final determination regarding the detainee's disposition in an expeditious manner, it has not yet made that determination.
This is something of a non-sequitur. Yes, the Court held in Boumediene–as to a non-U.S. citizen at GTMO–that the right to petition for habeas relief does not kick in until the government has had a "reasonable period of time to determine a detainee's status"–that is, to determine whether he is, or is not, in fact a member of enemy forces who the military can hold in custody during hostilities with that enemy. The Pentagon in this case, however, has already made that determination. It is detaining Doe, and has concluded that it has the authority to do so under one or more AUMFs–the very question that he would challenge if he were to decide to petition for habeas. The fact that the government has not made a "final determination regarding the detainee's disposition–in other words, whether it will detain him militarily, or prosecute him, or transfer him to another nation, or release him–does not bear on the question of whether he has a right to petition for habeas.
Also relevant in this respect is Justice O'Connor's controlling opinion in Hamdi, where she explained that a U.S. citizen's right to challenge his military detention in court does not attach when he is first captured on the "battlefield," but instead "only when the determination is made to continue to hold [him]." I think it is fairly apparent that Justice O'Connor could not have meant this statement to mean "when the determination is made to continue to hold him as opposed to prosecuting him or transferring him to another country (however long that might take)." Such a reading would give the military a virtually unbounded authority to hold a detainee in custody without habeas challenge, months or years after it determined he was eligible for such detention, merely because the government was continuing to contemplate a possible alternative disposition. The much more logical reading of her statement, I think, is that the citizen's right to challenge his military detention attaches when the determination is made to continue to hold him, rather than to release him from custody.
The question then becomes whether there is any justification for the government not to inform such a U.S. citizen of his right to petition, when that citizen, reportedly raised overseas, appears to be unaware of that legal right. I'm not 100% certain what the answer to that question is; but I do think it's the question Judge Chutkan ought to be asking.


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Do Not Use world news
Thai bombings: A look at who may have been responsible
There has been no claim of responsibility, but there are plenty of groups unhappy with the political situation in the Southeast Asian nation.
By: AP | Bangkok |
August 13, 2016 4:19:29 pm
Investigators work at the scene of an explosion in the resort town of Hua Hin, 240 kilometers (150 miles) south of Bangkok. (Source: AP)
In the aftermath of a coordinated wave of bombings that shook tourist towns in Thailand this week, Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha's military government is scrambling to hunt down those responsible. The 11 explosions killed four people and injured dozens, including 11 foreign tourists. The big questions now are, who did it, and why?
There has been no claim of responsibility, but there are plenty of groups unhappy with the political situation in the Southeast Asian nation. Prayuth came to power in a 2014 coup, and his junta faces opposition from political opponents and activist groups, as well as a long-running insurgency in the nation's largely Muslim south that has left well over 5,000 people dead since 2004.
A look at groups the government is likely investigating in the latest violence, or has ruled out:
FOREIGN MILITANTS
Thai officials say they don't believe international Islamic militant groups are responsible, calling the bombings "local acts of sabotage." The timing of the attacks gives credence to the theory that domestic dissidents were behind it: The explosions occurred several days after Thais approved a new constitution in a referendum that critics say will ensure the military's hand in politics for the foreseeable future.
Analysts say it was also no coincidence the attacks came on the eve and 84th birthday of Queen Sirikit. The army sees itself as the primary defender of the monarchy and has made clear that protecting it is a top priority. The king and queen have a large palace in the seaside resort of Hua Hin, where some of the bombings took place, and targeting that city has "symbolic implications," said Pongphisoot Busbarat, research affiliate at the University of Sydney's Southeast Asia Centre.
POLITICAL OPPONENTS
Thailand's military government will undoubtedly probe its primary political rivals, namely the opposition Pheu Thai party it ousted in a 2014 coup and their "Red Shirt" supporters in the north and northeast. A decade ago, in 2006, the army had also toppled their leader, Thaksin Shinawatra, triggering a decade of sporadic upheaval. The Pheu Thai party and its allies have denied allegations of involvement in low-level violence over the past decade, including grenade attacks and this week's bombings.
Anthony Davis, a writer for Jane's Defence Weekly, told The Associated Press that it's "difficult to give much credibility to the suggestion that this could be the work of disgruntled Red Shirt elements loyal to … Thaksin Shinawatra. The Red Shirt movement as a whole has been under extremely tight military monitoring both before and since the military coup of 2014. The theory that they could have organized such a complex operation under the noses of the military government makes no sense."
STUDENT AND CIVIL ACTIVISTS
Student and civil society activists have been among the most vocal against the junta, which has clamped down hard on critics, regularly ferrying those who speak out to military camps for "attitude adjustment" sessions. The activists have staged small protests sporadically since the 2014 coup, but the demonstrations have been overwhelmingly peaceful, and few believe they have the capability or desire to instigate violence.
SOUTHERN INSURGENTS
Ethnic Malay militants fighting for greater autonomy in Thailand's far south have launched attacks there nearly every day for a more than a decade. Analysts say they are the only factions that have successfully staged sophisticated, coordinated assaults with improvised, remote-controlled explosive devices. Although their targets have overwhelmingly been confined to Thailand's three southernmost provinces, the militants have apparently carried out isolated attacks elsewhere _ detonating, for example, a car bomb in the underground parking lot of a mall on the tourist island of Koh Samui in April 2015 that wounded at least seven people.
Thai police have not singled the militants out yet, but police spokesman Col. Krisana Patanacharoen said Friday that the latest bombings followed "a similar pattern used in the southern parts of the country."
Watch Video: What's making news
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Davis, the Jane's Defence Weekly writer, said the militants were the only "non-state actor in Thailand with the capability for a well-planned, well-coordinated operation like this." Don Pathan, a security analyst based in southern Thailand, said that the latest attacks didn't seem to fit the militants' traditional pattern of operations, but that if they were responsible, "it would definitely be a game changer" that could herald a new chapter in the conflict.
THE MILITARY ITSELF
Conspiracy theories are part and parcel of whodunits in Thailand, and a few have speculated the army or a faction within it might have planted the bombs as part of an internal dispute or a bid to justify military rule by showing threats remain. Asked by a reporter whether the attacks could have been an internal job, a junta spokesman dismissed the idea outright. Writing in the Nikkei Asian Review, Thitinan Pongsudhirak, director of the Institute of Security and International Studies at Thailand's Chulalongkorn University, said that "Thailand's governing generals have gained a limited mandate from the referendum, and would be unlikely to undermine their legitimacy by resorting to terrorism of this kind, whatever the skeptics may say."


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text:
//
// This source code implements specifications defined by the Java
// Community Process. In order to remain compliant with the specification
// DO NOT add / change / or delete method signatures!
//
package javax.persistence;

public enum LockModeType
{
    READ,

    WRITE,

    OPTIMISTIC,

    OPTIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT,

    PESSIMISTIC_READ,

    PESSIMISTIC_WRITE,

    PESSIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT,

    NONE
}


text:
To Swift or not to Swift?
SoloLearn has launched its new course, Learn Programming with Swift, for those who want to easily and quickly master Apple's new programming language.
We still remember the major buzz around the new product, which was announced at Apple's WWDC 2014. This time the buzz was around something you couldn't even touch. Apple had successfully kept Swift a secret, making its debut a genuine shocker and causing excitement among developers.
Some background
Amazingly, Objective-C, Apple's traditional language of choice, has been in use for over 30 years. Just imagine: It originated in the early 1980s, long before it occurred to anyone that software engineers would someday be writing programs for use with telephones. Apple has tried to update the language, but it had a long way to go. Creating a whole new programming language turned out to be a more workable solution.
The new language tends to not only make writing iOS apps much easier, but also faster and more stable, creating results that perform better in the end.
What does this mean for developers?
Swift is the first language to crack the Top 20 most popular programming languages after one year, according to rankings from research and analyst firm RedMonk. In addition, a survey conducted by Stack Overflow indicates that Swift is the most loved language among developers.
Swift is easy to learn and easy to use! It's lowered the industry's entry barrier. Early on, this raised the concern that this might make it more likely that amateur developers would create numerous apps of dubious quality. This is still possible, although it's just as possible for updates made to other programming languages over the years.
At SoloLearn, we believe that it takes much more than knowing any single language to be successful as an iOS developer. There are numerous concepts for software engineering, tools like Git and Xcode, understanding of the iOS SDK, app design, gaming tools and Game Center, and the hurdles involved with submitting apps to the App Store. All of them contribute to the skill set needed to become a successful iOS Developer. However, Swift is the one skill a developer MUST have to be successful.
After all, isn't it typical for coders to enjoy mastering the latest and greatest? Sure, it is!!!
Go get SoloLearn's Learn Programming with Swift and jump right in!
A handy guide for going back to school (even if you're not ready for it)
Exploring Docker
10 Basics of JavaScript


text:
Oliarus panzeri är en insektsart som först beskrevs av Hugh Low 1883.  Oliarus panzeri ingår i släktet Oliarus och familjen kilstritar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Kilstritar
panzeri


Castles in the Sea: While playing in the sand on the beach, Duck and Shark discover the perfect home for Shark: a sand castle! But why, oh why, does it disappear every night while Shark is sleeping? When the WordFriends try to hunt down the castle thief, they learn about tides and waves...from a singing Crab. Get Your Coat: Duck thinks Frog doesn't want to play in the rain because Duck accidentally broke Frog's boat. But the real reason is that Frog doesn't like the rain. Duck learns all about words that end with "oat" before finally coming across a word that will allow Frog to play outside in the rain: a coat!
The Best Nest - It's Duck's turn at show and tell at school, and he wants to bring the thing he loves the best: his nest! But when the nest breaks apart into letters, will Duck be able to retrieve them all in time? Duck's Family Reunion - Because they have a similar sounding name, Duck mistakes Truck for a long-lost relative! Frog is a bit ruffled at the epidemic of silliness going around, but ends up saving the day for Duck and his word 'family'.
Totally Terrific Duck - Totally Terrific Duck - Bear is going to paint everyone's picture today, and Duck wants to look "totally terrific" for his portrait. Not to worry! Frog and Sheep help him build a tie, top hat and tutu - because if you want to look totally terrific you need the letter T. A tie, top hat and tutu? Now that's one totally, totally, TOTALLY terrific looking Duck! A Star is Born - Duck gets a case of stage fright while singing "Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star" for all his WordFriends. Instead of singing the word "star," Duck freezes and blurts out the first thing he sees. With a little word building, Sheep and Ant solve Duck's problem, and soon a "star" is born.
The Lost Letter L - When Duck accidentally breaks the L off Frog's lamp, he decides not to tell Frog. Instead, he'll just fix it himself. Although Bug and Dog try to help, things spiral out of control, and soon Duck has broken a lamp, a lever and even Frog's log! Duck learns that everyone makes mistakes and admitting them sooner rather than later can make a big difference. Catch that C! - While Pig and Ant are making cookies, their bag of letter C's gets away from them, sending the WordFriends on a wild goose chase all over WordWorld to catch that C! The bad news is that the letter C is in big demand that day. But the good news is that Pig and Ant have a lot of WordFriends who want to help them out!
Runaway O - When Sheep and Bear open Cat's box of Os, one rolls away, sending them on a madcap chase to catch it before Cat wakes up. Happy Birthday, Dog! - It's Dog's birthday and all his friends are planning a surprise party. There's just one problem - they need a cake! Frog must get to the party safely without Dog finding out.
The Really Red Ruby - Frog is excited to accompany Sheep on an exciting adventure to find the Really Red Ruby - until he realizes that Sheep is only pretending to go on an adventure. Frog is disappointed until he makes his greatest discovery: playing pretend is fun! Firefighters to the Rescue - Duck and Fly want to become firefighters, just like their friend Firefighter Frog. To do that, they need to look out for any signs of smoke in WordWorld, because where there's smoke, there's fire! Will Duck and Fly be able to determine what's really smoke and what's not?
Rocket to the Moon - When Frog needs to rescue the Little Piggies from the moon, he learns to appreciate lowercase letters. The Birds - Sheep discovers a large egg and has to take care of it until she can find Bird and return it to its rightful owner.
Sh-Sh-Shark!: Shark is misunderstood. Everyone is afraid of him and won't even give him a chance to prove he's friendly. Everyone but Duck, that is, who doesn't know that the letters s and h together make the 'sh' sound, and therefore doesn't know who Shark is. When Duck introduces his new friend "S-hark" to the gang, Duck learns a lesson about the /sh/ sound, while everyone else discovers that acceptance is an important part of friendship. Dog Wants to Play Ball: Dog wants to play ball, but he's having trouble communicating with his friends because they won't stop and listen to him.
Duck At Bat - Duck loses the letter B to his baseball bat just before the big game is supposed to start. He tries to build other words to hit the ball--MAT, HAT-but soon learns that you need the right letter with the right sound to build the right word...and hit a homer! You Can Never Have Too Many OO's - When the two letter O's in Monkey's roof blow away in the wind, it's up to Duck to hunt down the /oo/ sound and fix the roof before it rains. With Kangaroo's help, Duck saves the day...and learns you can never have too many "oo"s.
Bear's Bed Sled - Bear is excited about sledding on the first day of snow, but her plans change when she hurts her toe and is unable to ride her sled. It's up to her friends to come up with a solution that will let Bear stay in bed and go sledding at the same time. Sh-Sh-Shark! - Shark is misunderstood. Everyone is afraid of him and won't even give him a chance to prove he's friendly. Everyone but Duck, that is, who doesn't know that the letters s and h together make the 'sh' sound, and therefore doesn't know who Shark is. When Duck introduces his new friend "Sh-ark" to the gang, Duck learns a lesson about the /sh/ sound, while everyone else discovers that acceptance is an important part of friendship.
Pies, Pies, Pies!: When Pig promises to make a pie for everyone in Word World, he learns a hard lesson about keeping promises. Fortunately, he also learns about the letter S and how it can make words plural. Waterlogged: Frog must stay with Pig when his Log sinks, but Frog soon wears out his welcome by being a bad houseguest. After some silly mishaps, Pig and Frog finally come to an understanding - about how important it is to see things from a friend's perspective.


Hyderabad: A skywalk connecting Punjagutta Metro Station with Hyderabad Next Galleria mall was thrown open to the metro commuters on Wednesday. The Integrated Metro to Mall Skywalk at Punjagutta was inaugurated by Aravind Kumar, IAS, Principal Secretary to MA & UD, Government of Telangana. MD, HMRL, NVS Reddy; MD, L&THMRL, KVB Reddy and other senior officers were present.
This 26-metre long skywalk has been built at a cost of Rs 1 crore.
The skywalks were being built to make the malls world-class, HMRL (Hyderabad Metro Rail Ltd) Managing Director NVS Reddy said.
He said, Hyderabad Next Galleria, being one of the biggest malls in the city, the best of facilities have been made available here.
A skywalk would also be inaugurated at Erramanzil mall soon while construction work was underway at Hitec City metro mall, said KVB Reddy, CEO and Managing Director of L&T Metro Hyderabad (L&THMRL).
The measures involved in proving safety, commuter-friendly travel experience and making the fares cost-effective were truly world-class, said Bernard Tabary, CEO, International, Keolis.


text:
Home >> grades of steel
50 rows· Steel grades to classify various steels by their composition and physical properties have been developed by a number of standards organizations. SAE steel grades British Standards
European standard ·
SAE steel grades - Wikipedia
The SAE steel grades system is a standard alloy numbering systems for steel grades maintained by SAE International. In the 1930s and 1940s the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and SAE were both involved in efforts to standardize such a numbering system for steels.
Carbon steel·
Steel Grades and Properties - The Balance
Carbon Steels. Carbon steels contain trace amounts of alloying elements and account for 90% of …
Steel grades, Properties and Global Standards
Steel and steel is introduced, including chemical composition and mechanical performance data, each steel grade property.
Steel Standards
Steel Grades | Types & Grades of Steel | TimkenSteel
Steel Grades Contact Us Our focus is on alloy steel, although in total we manufacture more than 550 grades of high-performance alloy, carbon and micro-alloy steel, sold as bars, tubes and ingots. These products are custom-made in a variety of chemistries, lengths and finishes.
The Four Types of Steel | Metal Supermarkets
Quite often our customers will ask us about the different types of steel we sell, and what to look for when picking steel grades, shapes and sizes. While there are many ways to categorize steel, we find it useful to break the types of steel down into four categories (C arbon, A lloy, S tainless and T ool Steel).
What is grade of steel? - Quora
Steel grades are used to distinguish different types of steel based on their unique properties. Contemporary steel is broadly categorized into carbon steels and alloy steels, and are made with varying combinations of carbon, iron and other elements.
Ultimate Guide to Stainless Steel Grades (2018
Ultimate Guide to Stainless Steel Grades (2018) The following contents can give you a thorough understanding of the stainless steel grades, convenient for you to select proper stainless steel. Currently, the commonly used stainless steel is 304 stainless steel and 316 stainless steel.
Stainless Steel Grades Chart PDF -- Types of Stainless Steel
Stainless steel grades are lumped into classes-- the main ones being austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic. The metalworking powers-that-be developed these classes to consolidate chemical and mechanical properties into categories based on the needs of customers' uses .
Grades of Steel for Ships - Marine Engineering Study Materials
Different Grades of steel are used for ship building purpose. The selection is primarily depends on the type of ship and the geographic location where the ship sails.
Steel - Equivalent Grades | Structural Steel | Steel
Click on steel for Equivalent steel grades: Carbon steels: Stainless steels: Boiler steel Fine-grain structural steels, thermo mechanically rolled Fine-grain structural steels, normalized rolled General Construction Steel General purpose structural steels High carbon steels High strength steels for coldforming, normalized High yield Steel
The 4 Grades of Metal to Choose from for an Appliance
Dec 17, 2016. By any count, there are over 150 grades of stainless steel available. Appliance stainless steel handle manufacturers typically use just four of these …
Mechanical and Physical Properties of - steel-grades
Carbon steel for physical, mechanical and environmental data, all Carbon steel grades.
Metallurgy Guide | Practical Data for Metallurgists
Our metallurgy guide was the first of its kind in the industry - the original reference book for metallurgical standards and expertise. Today, the 18th edition of Practical Data for Metallurgists and its complementary mobile application include an updated listing of standard steels and their chemical compositions, hardening abilities and tolerances.
American Bureau of Shipping/ABS Steel Grades - SSAB
Commercial steel products. SSAB Americas' steel mills and cut-to-length facilities represent our ongoing commitment to providing high-quality steel plate and coils in a wide range of commercial grades and sizes with exceptional flatness and surface quality.
Stainless Steel Grades - Continental Steel & Tube Company
a higher grade of cutlery steel, with more carbon in it, which allows for much better edge retention when the steel is heat treated properly. It can be hardened to Rockwell 58 hardness, making it one of the hardest stainless steels.
Equivalent Steel Grades | Structural Steel | Strength Of
Today. Here you will find a comparison of the steel grade 355 in the delivery conditions normalized (N) and thermo mechanically rolled (TMCP) and also of the steel grades 420. which describe the severe requirements on structural steel plates for offshore constructions. the different standards may also be used in other areas.
Steel Plate | Wide Range Of Grades & Sizes | Murray Plate
Murray Plate have invested in a selection of state-of-the-art machinery, including True Hole technology, CNC controlled drilling, gas profiling, radial arm drilling and plasma cutting equipment, allowing us to manage large-scale and volume steel plate processing requirements.
Grades - univstainless
Universal Stainless produces semi-finished and finished specialty steel long products and plate, including nickel alloy, stainless steel, tool steel and aircraft quality low alloy steels, in a wide variety of grades and product forms. You can find more detail about the specific grades we produce below.
ABOUT STEEL | worldsteel
Steel is not a single product. There are more than 3,500 different grades of steel with many different physical, chemical, and environmental properties. Approximately 75% of modern steels have been developed in the past 20 years.
Alloy Steel Grades Archive - Universal Metals
Stainless Steel; Titanium; Alloy Steel; Cobalt Alloy; Nickel; Incoming Stock; Services. Materials Management; In-House Saw Cutting; Value Added Processes; Tools. Unit Conversion; Decimal to Fractions; Round-to-Square Calculator; Temperature Conversion; Weight Conversion; Sheet Metal Gauge Conversions; Steel Hardness Conversion Calculator; Metal
What are the Grades of Stainless Steel - ScienceStruck
Stainless steel, also known as corrosion-resistant steel, is an iron-based alloy, containing a minimum of 11% chromium. Chromium present in it prevents it from getting corroded, by forming a self-healing film of chromium oxide on its surface.
Stainless Steel Forgings - Forged Stainless Steel Shapes
Stainless Steel Forging Capabilities. All Metals & Forge Group is an open die forge facility and seamless rolled ring manufacturer. Any of the over 200 grades of stainless steel in their inventory can be custom forged to fit each client's specific needs.
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