This article describes the calling conventions used when programming x86 architecture microprocessors.
This is intimately related with the assignment of sizes and formats to programming-language types. Another closely related topic is name mangling, which determines how symbol names in the code map to symbol names used by the linker. Calling conventions, type representations, and name mangling are all part of what is known as an application binary interface (ABI).
There are often subtle differences in how various compilers implement these conventions, so it is often difficult to interface code which is compiled by different compilers. On the other hand, conventions which are used as an API standard (such as stdcall) are very uniformly implemented.
Prior to microcomputers, the machine manufacturer generally provided an operating system and compilers for several programming languages. The calling convention(s) for each platform were those defined by the manufacturer's programming tools.
Early microcomputers before the Commodore Pet and Apple II generally came without an OS or compilers. The IBM PC came with Microsoft's fore-runner to Windows, the Disk Operating System (DOS), but it did not come with a compiler. The only hardware standard for IBM PC-compatible machines was defined by the Intel processors (8086, 80386) and the literal hardware IBM shipped. Hardware extensions and all software standards (save for a BIOS calling convention) were thrown open to market competition.
A multitude of independent software firms offered operating systems, compilers for many programming languages, and applications. Many different calling schemes were implemented by the firms, often mutually exclusive, based on different requirements, historical practices, and programmer creativity.
After the IBM-compatible market shakeout, Microsoft operating systems and programming tools (with differing conventions) predominated, while second-tier firms like Borland and Novell, and open-source projects like GCC, still maintained their own standards. Provisions for interoperability between vendors and products were eventually adopted, simplifying the problem of choosing a viable convention.
In these conventions, the caller cleans the arguments from the stack.
The cdecl (which stands for C declaration) is a calling convention that originates from the C programming language and is used by many C compilers for the x86 architecture. In cdecl, subroutine arguments are passed on the stack. Integer values and memory addresses are returned in the EAX register, floating point values in the ST0 x87 register. Registers EAX, ECX, and EDX are caller-saved, and the rest are callee-saved. The x87 floating point registers ST0 to ST7 must be empty (popped or freed) when calling a new function, and ST1 to ST7 must be empty on exiting a function. ST0 must also be empty when not used for returning a value.
; add   esp, 12   ; remove arguments from frame, ebp - esp = 12.
The caller cleans the stack after the function call returns.
There are some variations in the interpretation of cdecl, particularly in how to return values. As a result, x86 programs compiled for different operating system platforms and/or by different compilers can be incompatible, even if they both use the "cdecl" convention and do not call out to the underlying environment. Some compilers return simple data structures with a length of 2 registers or less in the register pair EAX:EDX, and larger structures and class objects requiring special treatment by the exception handler (e.g., a defined constructor, destructor, or assignment) are returned in memory. To pass "in memory", the caller allocates memory and passes a pointer to it as a hidden first parameter; the callee populates the memory and returns the pointer, popping the hidden pointer when returning.
Using this method ensures it is pushed on the stack in the correct format.
The _cdecl modifier must be included in the function prototype and in the function declaration, to override any other settings that might be in place.
This is similar to cdecl in that arguments are pushed right-to-left. EAX, ECX, and EDX are not preserved. The size of the parameter list in doublewords is passed in AL.
Syscall is the standard calling convention for 32 bit OS/2 API.
Arguments are pushed right-to-left. The three lexically first (leftmost) arguments are passed in EAX, EDX, and ECX and up to four floating-point arguments are passed in ST0 through ST3, although space for them is reserved in the argument list on the stack. Results are returned in EAX or ST0. Registers EBP, EBX, ESI, and EDI are preserved.
Optlink is used by the IBM VisualAge compilers.
Conventions entitled fastcall or register have not been standardized, and have been implemented differently, depending on the compiler vendor. Typically register based calling conventions pass one or more arguments in registers which reduces the number of memory accesses required for the call and thus make them usually faster.
Based on the Borland Pascal programming language's calling convention, the parameters are pushed on the stack in left-to-right order (opposite of cdecl), and the callee is responsible for removing them from the stack.
Ordinal values are returned in AL (8-bit values), AX (16-bit values), EAX (32-bit values), or DX:AX (32-bit values on 16-bit systems).
Real values are returned in DX:BX:AX.
Floating point (8087) values are returned in ST0.
Pointers are returned in EAX on 32-bit systems and in AX in 16-bit systems.
Strings are returned in a temporary location pointed by the @Result symbol.
This calling convention was common in the following 16-bit APIs: OS/2 1.x, Microsoft Windows 3.x, and Borland Delphi version 1.x. Modern versions of the Windows API use stdcall, which still has the callee restoring the stack as in the Pascal convention, but the parameters are now pushed right to left.
The stdcall calling convention is a variation on the Pascal calling convention in which the callee is responsible for cleaning up the stack, but the parameters are pushed onto the stack in right-to-left order, as in the _cdecl calling convention. Registers EAX, ECX, and EDX are designated for use within the function. Return values are stored in the EAX register.
stdcall is the standard calling convention for the Microsoft Win32 API and for Open Watcom C++.
Microsoft or GCC __fastcall convention (aka __msfastcall) passes the first two arguments (evaluated left to right) that fit into ECX and EDX. Remaining arguments are pushed onto the stack from right to left. When MS compiler compiles for IA64 or AMD64, it ignores the __fastcall keyword and uses the one 64-bit calling convention instead.
In Visual Studio 2013, Microsoft introduced the __vectorcall calling convention in response to efficiency concerns from game, graphic, video/audio, and codec developers. For IA-32 and x64 code, __vectorcall is similar to __fastcall and the original x64 calling conventions respectively, but extends them to support passing vector arguments using SIMD registers. For x64, when any of the first six arguments are vector types (float, double, __m128, __m256, etc.), they are passed in via the corresponding XMM/YMM registers. Similarly for IA-32, up to six XMM/YMM registers are allocated sequentially for vector type arguments from left to right regardless of position. Additionally, __vectorcall adds support for passing homogeneous vector aggregate (HVA) values, which are composite types consisting solely of up to four identical vector types, using the same six registers. Once the registers have been allocated for vector type arguments, the unused registers are allocated to HVA arguments from left to right regardless of position. Resulting vector type and HVA values are returned using the first four XMM/YMM registers.
Evaluating arguments from left to right, it passes three arguments via EAX, EDX, ECX. Remaining arguments are pushed onto the stack, also left to right. It is the default calling convention of the 32-bit compiler of Delphi, where it is known as register. GCC supports this calling convention with the regparm=3 option. It has been used by the Linux kernel on i386 since version 2.6.20 (released February 2007).. This calling convention is also used by Embarcadero's C++Builder, where it is called __fastcall. In this compiler, Microsoft's fastcall can be used as __msfastcall.
Up to 4 registers are assigned to arguments in the order eax, edx, ebx, ecx. Arguments are assigned to registers from left to right. If any argument cannot be assigned to a register (say it is too large) it, and all subsequent arguments, are assigned to the stack. Arguments assigned to the stack are pushed from right to left. Names are mangled by adding a suffixed underscore.
Variadic functions fall back to the Watcom stack based calling convention.
The Watcom C/C++ compiler also uses the #pragma aux directive that allows the user to specify their own calling convention. As its manual states, "Very few users are likely to need this method, but if it is needed, it can be a lifesaver".
The first four integer parameters are passed in registers eax, ebx, ecx and edx. Floating point parameters are passed on the floating point stack – registers st0, st1, st2, st3, st4, st5 and st6. Structure parameters are always passed on the stack. Additional parameters are passed on the stack after registers are exhausted. Integer values are returned in eax, pointers in edx and floating point types in st0.
In Delphi and Free Pascal on Microsoft Windows, the safecall calling convention encapsulates COM (Component Object Model) error handling, thus exceptions aren't leaked out to the caller, but are reported in the HRESULT return value, as required by COM/OLE. When calling a safecall function from Delphi code, Delphi also automatically checks the returned HRESULT and raises an exception if necessary.
The safecall calling convention is the same as the stdcall calling convention, except that exceptions are passed back to the caller in EAX as a HResult (instead of in FS:), while the function result is passed by reference on the stack as though it were a final "out" parameter. When calling a Delphi function from Delphi this calling convention will appear just like any other calling convention, because although exceptions are passed back in EAX, they are automatically converted back to proper exceptions by the caller. When using COM objects created in other languages, the HResults will be automatically raised as exceptions, and the result for Get functions is in the result rather than a parameter. When creating COM objects in Delphi with safecall, there is no need to worry about HResults, as exceptions can be raised as normal but will be seen as HResults in other languages.
This calling convention is used for calling C++ non-static member functions. There are two primary versions of thiscall used depending on the compiler and whether or not the function uses a variable number of arguments.
For the GCC compiler, thiscall is almost identical to cdecl: The caller cleans the stack, and the parameters are passed in right-to-left order. The difference is the addition of the this pointer, which is pushed onto the stack last, as if it were the first parameter in the function prototype.
On the Microsoft Visual C++ compiler, the this pointer is passed in ECX and it is the callee that cleans the stack, mirroring the stdcall convention used in C for this compiler and in Windows API functions. When functions use a variable number of arguments, it is the caller that cleans the stack (cf. cdecl).
Another part of a calling convention is which registers are guaranteed to retain their values after a subroutine call.
According to the Intel ABI to which the vast majority of compilers conform, the EAX, EDX, and ECX are to be free for use within a procedure or function, and need not be preserved.
As the name implies, these general-purpose registers usually hold temporary (volatile) information, that can be overwritten by any subroutine.
Therefore, it is the caller's responsibility to push each of these registers onto the stack, if it would like to restore their values after a subroutine call.
The other registers are used to hold long-lived values (non-volatile), that should be preserved across calls.
In other words, when the caller makes a procedure call, it can expect that those registers will hold the same value after the callee returns.
Thus, making it the callee's responsibility to both save (push at the beginning) and restore (pop accordingly) them before returning to the caller. As in the previous case, this practice should only be done on registers that the callee changes.
x86-64 calling conventions take advantage of the additional register space to pass more arguments in registers. Also, the number of incompatible calling conventions has been reduced. There are two in common use.
The Microsoft x64 calling convention is followed on Windows and pre-boot UEFI (for long mode on x86-64). It uses registers RCX, RDX, R8, R9 for the first four integer or pointer arguments (in that order), and XMM0, XMM1, XMM2, XMM3 are used for floating point arguments. Additional arguments are pushed onto the stack (right to left). Integer return values (similar to x86) are returned in RAX if 64 bits or less. Floating point return values are returned in XMM0. Parameters less than 64 bits long are not zero extended; the high bits are not zeroed.
When compiling for the x64 architecture in a Windows context (whether using Microsoft or non-Microsoft tools), there is only one calling convention – the one described here, so that stdcall, thiscall, cdecl, fastcall, etc., are now all one and the same.
In the Microsoft x64 calling convention, it is the caller's responsibility to allocate 32 bytes of "shadow space" on the stack right before calling the function (regardless of the actual number of parameters used), and to pop the stack after the call. The shadow space is used to spill RCX, RDX, R8, and R9, but must be made available to all functions, even those with fewer than four parameters.
The registers RAX, RCX, RDX, R8, R9, R10, R11 are considered volatile (caller-saved).
The registers RBX, RBP, RDI, RSI, RSP, R12, R13, R14, and R15 are considered nonvolatile (callee-saved).
For example, a function taking 5 integer arguments will take the first to fourth in registers, and the fifth will be pushed on the top of the shadow space. So when the called function is entered, the stack will be composed of (in ascending order) the return address, followed by the shadow space (32 bytes) followed by the fifth parameter.
In x86-64, Visual Studio 2008 stores floating point numbers in XMM6 and XMM7 (as well as XMM8 through XMM15); consequently, for x86-64, user-written assembly language routines must preserve XMM6 and XMM7 (as compared to x86 wherein user-written assembly language routines did not need to preserve XMM6 and XMM7). In other words, user-written assembly language routines must be updated to save/restore XMM6 and XMM7 before/after the function when being ported from x86 to x86-64.
Starting with Visual Studio 2013, Microsoft introduced the __vectorcall calling convention which extends the x64 convention.
The calling convention of the System V AMD64 ABI is followed on Solaris, Linux, FreeBSD, macOS, and is the de facto standard among Unix and Unix-like operating systems. The first six integer or pointer arguments are passed in registers RDI, RSI, RDX, RCX, R8, R9 (R10 is used as a static chain pointer in case of nested functions:21), while XMM0, XMM1, XMM2, XMM3, XMM4, XMM5, XMM6 and XMM7 are used for certain floating point arguments.:22 As in the Microsoft x64 calling convention, additional arguments are passed on the stack:22. Integral return values up to 64 bits in size are stored in RAX while values up to 128 bit are stored in RAX and RDX. Floating-point return values are similarly stored in XMM0 and XMM1.:25.
For leaf-node functions (functions which do not call any other function(s)), a 128-byte space is stored just beneath the stack pointer of the function. The space is called red-zone. This zone will not be clobbered by any signal or interrupt handlers. Compilers can thus utilize this zone to save local variables. Compilers may omit some instructions at the starting of the function (adjustment of RSP, RBP) by utilizing this zone. However, other functions may clobber this zone. Therefore, this zone should only be used for leaf-node functions. gcc and clang offer the -mno-red-zone flag to disable red-zone optimizations.
This is a list of x86 calling conventions. These are conventions primarily intended for C/C++ compilers (especially the 64-bit part below), and thus largely special cases. Other languages may use other formats and conventions in their implementations.
fastcall Microsoft (non-member) AX, DX, BX LTR (Pascal) Callee Return pointer in BX.
fastcall Microsoft (member function) AX, DX LTR (Pascal) Callee "this" on stack low address. Return pointer in AX.
fastcall Turbo C AX, DX, BX LTR (Pascal) Callee "this" on stack low address. Return pointer on stack high address.
Watcom AX, DX, BX, CX RTL (C) Callee Return pointer in SI.
IA-32 cdecl GCC RTL (C) Caller When returning struct/class, the calling code allocates space and passes a pointer to this space via a hidden parameter on the stack. The called function writes the return value to this address.
POD return values 33-64 bits in size are returned via the EAX:EDX registers.
GCC RTL (C) Hybrid Stack aligned on 16 bytes boundary.
fastcall Microsoft ECX, EDX RTL (C) Callee Return pointer on stack if not member function.
thiscall Windows (Microsoft Visual C++) ECX RTL (C) Callee Default for member functions.
Watcom compiler EAX, EDX, EBX, ECX RTL (C) Callee Return pointer in ESI.
x86-64 Microsoft x64 calling convention Windows (Microsoft Visual C++, GCC, Intel C++ Compiler, Delphi), UEFI RCX/XMM0, RDX/XMM1, R8/XMM2, R9/XMM3 RTL (C)  Caller Stack aligned on 16 bytes. 32 bytes shadow space on stack. The specified 8 registers can only be used for parameters 1 through 4.
For C++ classes, the hidden "this" parameter is the first parameter, and is passed in RCX .
System V AMD64 ABI Solaris, Linux, BSD, OS X (GCC, Intel C++ Compiler) RDI, RSI, RDX, RCX, R8, R9, XMM0–7 RTL (C) Caller Stack aligned on 16 bytes boundary. 128 bytes red zone below stack. The kernel interface uses RDI, RSI, RDX, R10, R8 and R9.
^ a b c d Agner Fog (2010-02-16). "Calling conventions for different C++ compilers and operating systems" (PDF).
^ "GCC Bugzilla – Bug 40838 - gcc shouldn't assume that the stack is aligned". 2009.
^ de Boyne Pollard, Jonathan (2010). "The gen on function calling conventions". Frequently Given Answers.
^ "__stdcall (C++)". MSDN. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 2008-04-10. Retrieved 2019-02-13.
^ "__fastcall". MSDN. Retrieved 2013-09-26.
^ Ohse, Uwe. "gcc attribute overview: function fastcall". ohse.de. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
^ "Introducing 'Vector Calling Convention'". MSDN. Retrieved 2014-12-31.
^ "__vectorcall". MSDN. Retrieved 2014-12-31.
^ "Program Control: Register Convention". docwiki.embarcadero.com. 2010-06-01. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
^ "i386: always enable regparm".
^ "Calling_Conventions: Specifying_Calling_Conventions_the_Watcom_Way". openwatcom.org. 2010-04-27. Retrieved 2018-08-31.
^ a b "x64 Software Conventions: Calling Conventions". msdn.microsoft.com. 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
^ "x64 Software Conventions - Stack Allocation". Microsoft. Retrieved 2010-03-31.
^ a b "Caller/Callee Saved Registers". msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/6t169e9c.aspx. Microsoft.
^ "x86-64 Code Model". Mac Developer Library. Apple Inc. Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 2016-04-06. The x86-64 environment in OS X has only one code model for user-space code. It is most similar to the small PIC model defined by the x86-64 System V ABI.
^ Borland C/C++ version 3.1 User Guide (PDF). Borland. 1992. pp. 158, 189–191.
^ "Parameter Passing (C++)". MSDN. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 2011-04-23. Retrieved 2019-02-13.
^ "Register Usage". Microsoft Docs. Microsoft. Retrieved 15 September 2017.
^ "__vectorcall". MSDN. Microsoft. Retrieved 2019-02-13.
"SYSTEM V APPLICATION BINARY INTERFACE Intel386 Architecture Processor Supplement" (PDF) (4th ed.). The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. 1997-03-19.
Nemanja Trifunovic (2001-07-22). Sean Ewington, ed. "Calling Conventions Demystified". The Code Project.
Stephen J. Friedl. "Intel x86 Function-call Conventions — Assembly View". Steve Friedl's Unixwiz.net Tech Tips.
"Visual Studio 2010 — Visual C++ Calling Convention". MSDN Library. Microsoft. 2010.
Andreas Jonsson (2005-02-13). "Calling conventions on the x86 platform".
Raymond Chen (2004-01-02). "The history of calling conventions, part 1". The Old New Thing.
Raymond Chen (2004-01-07). "The history of calling conventions, part 2". The Old New Thing.
Raymond Chen (2004-01-08). "The history of calling conventions, part 3". The Old New Thing.
Raymond Chen (2004-01-13). "The history of calling conventions, part 4: ia64". The Old New Thing.
Raymond Chen (2004-01-14). "The history of calling conventions, part 5; amd64". The Old New Thing.
Jonathan de Boyne Pollard (2010). "The gen on function calling conventions". Frequently Given Answers.
Kip R. Irvine (2011). "Advanced Procedures (Chapter 8)". Assembly Language for x86 Processors (6th ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-602212-1.
Borland C/C++ version 3.1 User Guide (PDF). Borland. 1992. pp. 158, 189–191.
Thomas Lauer (1995). "The New __stdcall Calling Sequence". Porting to Win32: A Guide to Making Your Applications Ready for the 32-Bit Future of Windows. Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-94572-9.


The plan is very detailed, with explicit essay structure by section and by paragraph. All textual evidence used in the essay is cited. The notes are useful for insight on structuring a high-scoring Extended Essay in literature and/or on analysis of the given texts.
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International Baccalaureate Diploma candidates are expected to do IB coursework in six major areas, including literature, languages, social studies, the experimental sciences, mathematics and elective of either arts or an additional course from one of the other subject areas. At least three and not more than four subjects are taken at higher level; the others at standard level. The Diploma Programme has three additional core requirements intended to broaden the educational experience and challenge students to apply what they learn in personally and socially meaningful ways. These requirements include a 4,000-word extended essay on a subject of the student's choice; a course called Theory of Knowledge (TOK) that examines the nature of knowledge and different ways and kinds of knowing, and a requirement called Creativity, Action and Service (CAS) which requires 150 hours of personally and socially relevant activity beyond the classroom and, in many cases, beyond the school.


Finding the longest path of a graph algorithm is NOT the inverse of Dijkstra's algorithm of finding the shortest path. In fact finding the longest path of a graph in NP-Hard problem.
In our case, the graph is a tree-shaped graph, more like a triangle.
Our goal here is to find the longest path from top to bottom.
STOP and think about an algorithm to solve this problem.
I will be posting the algorithm along with an implementation in C++ sometimes soon.


Traveling in the next 60 days? Request a custom quote at 25% off listed rate.
Located in the Champion Ridge gated enclave in the Mauna Lani Resort area on the Kona Coast, also known as Hawaii's Gold Coast for the very low rainfall and record amount of sunny days. Great for large parties with 5 large en suite bedrooms and 6 bathrooms. This home includes a 4 person electric club cart.


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Cortada ist der Familienname oder Namensteil folgender Personen:

 Joan Cortada i Sala (1805–1868), katalanischer Schriftsteller der Romantik und Geschichtswissenschaftler
 Miquel Anton Martí i Cortada († 1864), katalanischer Schriftsteller

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Another opportunity to her this much lauded 'Music Planet' Event; as well as Vivaldi's music seasonal images will be shown.
and at the door, £10 (students and children £5).
With violinist Gillian Risi, The Heisenberg Ensemble presents a programme including Mozart's Violin Concerto No 1 in B flat and Divetimento in D, Elgar's Serenade for Strings and Mendelssohn's youthful Sinfonie 11.
Tickets available from the Byre box office and at the door, £12 / concessions £10 / students £5 / children free.
A celebration of the 275th Anniversary of the first performance in Dublin of this much loved work.
and at the door, £12 / concessions £10 / students £5.
The Heisenberg Ensemble was founded by Gillian Craig in 1988 and throughout it has played to acclaim.
It performs a wide ranging repertoire from the great Classical and Romantic works through to exciting new commissions for the ensemble, including Jeremy Thurlow's Piano Concerto and Richard Ingham playing his own Concerto for Saxophone and Accordion with Mary McCarthy (a work commissioned with funding from the Scottish Arts Council).
The orchestra has also given talented young musicians at the start of their careers a vital opportunity to play as soloists.
In its 20th anniversary year it established the Youth Experience Project giving young instrumentalists experience playing alongside expert adult players.
"The only uncertain thing about this ensemble is its name…"!


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July 25, 2013 | Judicial Watch
JW Lawsuit Forced National Archives' Release of Kennedy Docs
A Judicial Watch lawsuit has forced the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) to finally release records of Robert F. Kennedy's tenure as Attorney General though the government agency is falsely representing that the move was voluntary.
For years the Kennedy family has wielded its power, keeping the government records secret in violation of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). They include more than 60 boxes of documents, including phone logs, messages, trip files, memoranda, reports, and other records concerning the Cuban missile crisis, the war in Vietnam, the civil rights movement, and law enforcement activities of both the FBI and Justice Department .
In the fall of 2012 JW filed a series of FOIA requests in an effort to make the records public. However, the documents have been under control of the Kennedy family in Dorchester, Massachusetts and the NARA made no effort to obtain them. Earlier this year JW was forced to sue the NARA, an agency responsible for preserving government records and increasing public access to them, on behalf of a historian.
The NARA's press release announcing that the Kennedy records are finally available to the public indicates that it was a voluntary decision and, not surprisingly, omits that JW had to take legal action to accomplish it. "The National Archives is pleased to open these additional historic materials as the nation and world continue to mark the 50th anniversary of President John F. Kennedy's administration," said David S. Ferriero, Archivist of the United States. "As President Kennedy's Attorney General, closest advisor and confidant, Robert F. Kennedy played a vital role in the Kennedy Administration's policy decisions. Researchers and the public look forward to exploring these documents."
The mainstream media has bought it hook, line and sinker, also failing to mention that the Kennedy records would more than likely still be secret if not for JW's lawsuit. A group dedicated to investigating the accuracy of information related to John F. Kennedy's assassination acknowledges JW's hard work, writing that "the persuasive power of our adversarial legal system is impressive."
In 2011 Judicial Watch helped expose the tightly kept secrets of another Kennedy brother, the late Senator Edward Kennedy. After a lengthy exchange with the FBI and subsequent lawsuit, JW obtained previously redacted material from Kennedy's bureau file. The FBI files revealed that, during a tour of Latin America, "Ted" Kennedy "made arrangements to 'rent' a brothel for an entire night"; sought meetings with "communists and others who had left-wing views."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Rule of Law Institute of Australia is an independent, politically non-partisan, not-for-profit body formed to uphold the rule of law in Australia. The Institute aims to promote discussion on the importance of the principles which underpin the rule of law. It was founded in 2009 and is incorporated under the Associations Incorporation Act 2009 (NSW).
In achieving this the Institute engages with the community and government by commenting on Bills before Parliament, writing media articles and reports, holding an annual conference on current rule of law issues and speaking at conferences.
It also operates education programs and initiatives to provide school and university students with an understanding of the importance of rule of law principles and how they relate to contemporary issues.


I was involved with a lot of Damnation's early design phase, which is revealved in the video of this post. Much of it involved throwing concept art into Photoshop and then subsequently drawing paths on the image. Then we'd type up a doc that described, in detail, EXACTLY what the players would be doing along this path. Often we'd sketch up a quick visual reference for a puzzle or mock up a quick scene in 3DS Max to help convey the action we were scripting out.


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CountingPips Forex News
Apps & Premium
EURUSD's downward movement extends to 1.2323
EURUSD's downward movement from 1.3283 extends to as low as 1.2323. Further decline could be seen after a minor consolidation, and next target would be at 1.2200 area. Initial resistance is at 1.2430, a break above this level could indicate that a cycle bottom is being formed on 4-hour chart, then, consolidation of the downtrend could be seen. Key resistance is at the downward trend line, only a clear break above the trend line could signal completion of the downtrend.
Daily Forex Forecast
Three Handy Hints to Cut Your Tax Bill in 2012
By MoneyMorning.com.au
'And here's the rub. You don't own the minerals. I don't own the minerals. Governments only sell you the right to mine the resource, a resource we hold in trust for a sovereign people.' – Prime Minister, Julia Gillard
At least the PM is consistent.
When you think about it, the way the pollies treat mining royalties is the same way that they treat your income.
You don't own it. It's everyone's. Your income is just held in trust until you earn it.
Then the government takes a slab, leaving you what's left over.
Yes, dear reader, it's almost tax time again.
It's time to see just how much of your income the government has stolen from you in the past 12 months.
But just as important, it's time to plan ahead to make sure you're able to legally cut your tax bill next year.
Here's three handy and practical hints…
Money Saving Tax Tip #1
Prepay next year's compulsory health insurance
OK. Strictly speaking, health insurance isn't compulsory.
But penalising taxpayers for not having private health insurance makes it compulsory. For instance, any single person earning over $84,001 or a family earning over $168,001 has to pay the Medicare Levy Surcharge (MLS) of at least 1%.
That's on top of the 1.5% Medicare Levy.
But if you have private health cover, you don't pay the surcharge. And seeing as the cost of private health is usually less than the surcharge it makes sense to buy insurance…hence making it effectively compulsory.
But there's a sting for health insurance buyers next tax year. The 30% rebate (or discount) on your health insurance will drop depending on your income. As the following table shows:
Source: Australian Taxation Office
For example, a single person earning $100,000 per year will only get a 10% rebate rather than the current 30% rebate. So if their insurance policy is $1,000, they'll only get a $100 discount (net cost $900).
But if they ditch private insurance, they'll have to pay $1,250 for the Medicare Levy Surcharge…making them $350 worse off.
That's the cruel nature of government and the State. Forcing 'sovereign people' to buy something they don't need and won't use.
But there is a small silver lining. You can dodge the reduced rebate bullet for one year. According to the experts, if you pre-pay next financial year's health insurance before June 30 you'll still qualify for the old 30% rebate.
For the single person on $100,000 that's a $200 saving…it's not much, but it's better in your pocket than in your health insurer's.
Before you do anything, check with your accountant and private health insurance firm to make sure that this is the best option for you.
Lock in gains and losses before June 30
This strategy is as old as the hills, but it's worth reminding you about it.
If you have any investment gains during a tax year you have to pay tax at your marginal tax rate during that year.
But, if you have any losses from investments you can use those losses to offset any realised gains.
For instance, if you made a profit of $1,000 buying shares in Company A, you'll need to pay tax on that profit of say 30% (depending on your tax rate).
But if you made a loss of $1,000 on Company B, you can use that loss to offset the gain…providing you sell the shares of Company B to realise the loss. You can't claim the loss if you continue to hold the losing shares.
Hopefully you haven't made any losses this year. But if you have, and you don't think the stock has a chance of making a comeback, then you should think about selling out.
Just beware of one thing. Tax busy-bodies take a dim view of investors who sell a stock to claim the tax loss and then buy the stock back again.
If you think there's a chance the stock could recover and you don't want to miss out if it does, then maybe think about just selling half your position…at least it'll give you a partial tax break while still keeping some skin in the game if the stock goes up.
Invest for tax effective income
A simple way to take advantage of the tax system is to buy income-friendly shares.
Those are shares that have what's called a 'fully franked' or '100% franked' dividend.
Now, we won't go into all the details about franking credits, because to be honest, it's not very interesting.
But to put it simply, if a company pays a 70-cent fully franked dividend, it means the company has already paid tax on that dividend at the company tax rate of 30%.
So you get that tax benefit, allowing you to 'gross up' the dividend to $1. You then pay tax on the $1 dividend at your marginal tax rate.
If your tax rate is below 30% then you'll receive a credit. If your tax rate is above 30% then you'll have to pay a bit more tax.
But either way, it shows you the benefit of investing in income stocks that pay franked dividends compared to stocks that don't.
We asked our in-house income investing expert, Nick Hubble to give us a worked example comparing two Aussie stocks – one with a fully franked dividend and one with an unfranked dividend…
Nick told us:
'Notice how the after tax dividend yield on the fully franked share fell far less (1.31% to 1.04%) from the pre-tax dividend yield as a result of the franking credit offset. You should always double check dividend yields for this change.
'Just to be clear, there is nothing inherently better about a franked or unfranked dividend. After all, every company is different. What is important is that the true dividend yield is different to the quoted yield. So you should always look beyond the quoted yield to work out the true yield based on your personal tax rate.'
Of course, this is only general advice. But with Australian taxes rising and the ability to reduce taxes being made harder all the time, it's important you make the most of any tax breaks available.
Kris.
Market Pullback Exposes Five Stocks to Buy
APPEA – Day One at the Oil & Gas Show: Sand Dunes, Scuba Diving and Camels
Get in Early to Shale Gas
How Bad Monetary Policy Will End the Welfare State
It's a presidential election year in the US. There are millions of Americans still underwater on their mortgages. US house prices have neither bottomed nor recovered. And the Fed is doing all it can to prevent another great wave of foreclosures in an election year.
The past two months of action in the markets isn't helping anyone in government.
In April, after five days in a row of falling stock prices in the US, you'd expect the powers that be to do something.
And they did. Federal Reserve Vice Chairman Janet Yellen told investors that the Fed would leave interest rates low until 2014 and maybe even until 2015. 'Further easing actions could be warranted,' she added.
Now that the first few weeks of May have seen the Dow wipe off 5.6%, Boston Federal Reserve President Eric Rosengren has called for further easing.
Adding to the easing talk is China. Recently the International Business Times wrote, 'China's interest-rate swaps market has priced in three to four benchmark interest rate cuts over the next year, reflecting growing pessimism over the world's second-largest economy and expectations of more aggressive monetary easing.'
Investors love this kind of talk. It means free money will be around for another few years. And not just in America. Chinese money supply grew by 13.4% in the last year, according to the People's Bank of China. Yuan-denominated loans grew by 1 trillion yen in March, or $160 billion. Reserve requirements at local banks were cut in April.
I'd suggest to you that officials in China and America are encouraging credit growth through monetary policy for the same reasons: to prevent rising political and social instability.
In China, the government of Wen Jiabao balances inflation concerns with growth concerns. If bank loans grow too fast, you get inflation and soaring prices (bad for stability). On the other hand, if credit growth contracts too quickly you get fallen house and stock prices and rising unemployment (also bad for stability).
If you know someone who believes that central bank easing is the key to sparking a real economic recovery, tell him he's dreaming. Any short-term rallies in stocks due to news flow like this are a complete distraction from more serious issues. It should be ignored, or at least heavily discounted.
This is the point I want to make: the failure of monetary policy worldwide has begun to have political consequences.
For the past couple of years I've showed readers of Australian Wealth Gameplan how unsound money has brought us to the end of the Western Welfare State. Bad monetary policy results in the steady debasement of the currency. The less stable and reliable the currency is, the less trust ordinary people have in the political system (the people who defend and use the currency as a weapon and instrument of power).
In China, the political system is losing the trust of the people for many reasons; financial, political, ethical, and economic. There's a tendency to look at the Chinese political system from the outside and view it as monolithic, where there is unanimity on all decisions. That's not the case, of course.
Many people might find it inconceivable that the Chinese Communist Party could be yet another indirect victim of the Global Financial Crisis. But the Party is not so different from the European Central Bank or the Federal Reserve. They are institutions trying to manage and control complex systems. That's a losing proposition in a complex world.
Prepare for the inconceivable.
Dan Denning
Editor, Australian Wealth Gameplan
Free of the Dragon: Why the Energy Market Doesn't Need China
2012-05-25 – Kris Sayce
China Stirs Up Troubled Waters in the South China Sea
2012-05-24 – Dan Denning
How Chinese Stocks Are Fading Fast
2012-05-23 – Lars Henriksson
LNG: Why Australia Will Be a New Global Gas Leader
2012-05-22 – Dr. Kent Moors
A Shocking Week for China's Economy
2012-04-21 – Dr. Alex Cowie
Investing in Rising Corn Prices, Gold Miners, and More (CORN, NEM, GDX)
Article by Investment U
View the Investment U Video Archive
In focus this week: why corn prices are set to rise, where gold miners are going, how Vanguard's index mutual funds are raking in the dough and the SITFA.
There's a ton of money to be made in corn this year. The current production estimates and demand trends can drive it back from its recent sell-off, and then some.
Corn prices jumped 9.5% recently following an 11% drop in early May that was driven by news of a huge U.S. crop this year.
Dave Marshall, an independent grain-marketing consultant, was quoted in the Journal this past week saying exporters and users are literally fighting over tight available supplies.
Wheat recently saw a 17% price increase, and corn should follow suit. Both can be used as animal feed, so corn and wheat prices are usually tied together.
And a recent comment by the Department of Agriculture has been adding to the surge in prices. It seems there were several very large corn export sales listed as going to unknown destinations, that were in fact headed for China. The International Grains Council said this past week that China's demand could rise 50% in the year that starts this July.
I know I don't have to tell you what increasing demand from China can mean to corn prices.
The best news: You can invest in corn without all the mechanics of the commodities exchange, via an ETF called the Teucrium Corn Fund (NYSE: CORN). Its chart is on your screen now.
Trending upward, rising demand and less of a crop than previously expected all add up to higher corn prices. Take a look at CORN.
Barron's says gold mining stocks could jump 50% if the price gap between gold and the miners narrows to historical levels.
Despite the recent sell-off in gold, it's still up 80% since 2009, but gold miners are only up about 20% in the same period. The ratio between the two is at an all-time high.
The name Barron's is throwing around, Newmont Mining (NYSE: NEM). It's at or near its 52-week low and has a 3.1% dividend. Earnings are expected to hit an all-time high this year at $4.85 per share on a 6% increase in revenues. The P/E is a screaming 8!
Morgan Stanley said in a Barron's article last week that all of the fundamentals that drove gold to the $1,900 level are still in place and they are expecting a further run-up, which can only add to the case for miners.
Newmont currently produces gold at $650 an ounce, but announced it is working to reduce that cost. Produce at $650, sell at $1,600 and higher, very nice!
The alternative play on the disparity between gold and the miners is the Market Vectors Gold Miners ETF (NYSE: GDX). It's just a few dollars above its 52-week low and sports a diverse portfolio of mining stocks.
Spreads like this one between gold and the miners don't last forever. Bet on it running back to its historic norm. NEM or GDX, take a look.
Mutual Funds That Have Tons of Cash Rolling In!
The top 1% of mutual funds last year brought in a net of $290 billion. The other 99% of funds had a net loss of $91 billion. That's what I call a signal!
Which stock funds are investors pouring money into? Boring, vanilla, big-cap, dividend-paying mutual funds!
The chairman of thee top asset gathering funds, the Vanguard Group, described his funds as "not Wall Street and representative of Main Street." The Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund (MUTF: VITSX) and the Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund (MUTF: VGTSX) were the top dogs! In fact, Vanguard had seven of the top 20 asset gatherers from last year.
Bill McNabb, the Chairman of Vanguard, said they serve over 10 million families with low cost, high performance index funds. It's hard to argue with that combination.
Boring and stable definitely appears to be the current investing trend.
The Ultimate SITFA
Usually I try to find something for this segment that hasn't hit the big news sources, something off the beaten track. But this week I have to get my digs in on the Facebook (Nasdaq: FB) IPO.
IPOs, good ones anyway, are the ultimate insider's territory. No one, and I mean no one who wasn't one of the inner circle got any of this stock. The hype was so over the top I had to stop listening days before the offering. I still can't believe how the so called intelligentsia got sucked into this one.
I wasn't certain it was going to tank, but with a PE of 75 what did they expect?
Now we know the revenue numbers were secretly cut during the road show. A road show is when the lead underwriter travels around to talk to all the other ultimate insiders to assure them this is the one they have to own.
Having spent 10 years in the brokerage business watching the insiders scoop up all the stock in any IPO worth the paper they were printed on, I have to say it was somewhat satisfying to watch this one do the rock imitation.
FB ran the perfect scam on the wolves of the street and the insiders finally got the slap in the face they so richly deserved. FB priced this thing at the top of even the hype, not just the top of the numbers. Anyone who got caught at the top got exactly what he paid for. Hype.
This could very well turn out to be a good investment, but not until it finds its bottom. Which is where I'm sure most of the inner circle are quite sore after the good kick they just got.
Be careful, everything comes around!
Mark Skousen's Investment Conference Round-Up
Today's contributor is the famed economist, investment analyst, author, Ben Franklin impersonator and investment conference attendee, Mark Skousen.
"On Dec. 31, trillions of dollars in tax cuts will expire, trillions more in new tax hikes under ObamaCare will kick in, and a trillion in automatic spending cuts will begin."
– Don Luskin, "Fiscal Cliff Could Crush Stocks," Wall Street Journal, May 4, 2012
As an investment writer, I probably lead all other writers (including Alex Green!) in one category: attending investment conferences! My subscribers are constantly amazed at how often I am away from home attending a conference or visiting a new country.
I probably attend two dozen economic and financial seminars each year, including the Milken, SALT, Money Shows, New Orleans, Investment U, and of course my own big show FreedomFest. I'm constantly on the road. I've been to 72 countries and this week will travel to Warsaw, Poland and London, England to deliver several addresses on economics and finance.
Why do I do it? I firmly believe I'm a better economist and financial advisor by attending conferences and hearing what others have to say. In fact, I would argue that YOU will be a better investor by attending financial conferences too.
The Buzz at the Milken Conference
May has been especially busy with conferences. I attended in Beverly Hills the famous Milken Institute Global Conference, hosted by Michael Milken. The watch word I heard repeatedly about the U.S. economy was "fiscal cliff." The huge debt load the United States is facing on top of the trillions in unfunded liabilities is indeed cause for alarm. A crisis is coming, and nobody is doing anything about it. It may hit as early as December, as Don Luskin warned in the Wall Street Journal (see quote above).
All kinds of big wigs were at the Milken event: former President Bill Clinton, California Gov. Jerry Brown, alternative energy promoter T. Boone Pickens, doom-and-gloomer Nouriel Roubini, Walter Isaacson (author of Steve Jobs' biography), Harvard historian Niall Ferguson, and hundreds of CEOs from around the world.
I thought Niall Ferguson, the Harvard historian, stole the show. When a Keynesian economist said that state capitalism (e.g., China) seems to work better than free-market capitalism (e.g., the United States), Ferguson jumped in to show a dramatic chart that proved otherwise. Looking at government as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), the size of government in China is far smaller than in the United States! "China is moving away from state capitalism toward freer markets," he said. "The United States is moving away from free markets toward state capitalism." China is growing faster because they are adopting free market policies – a brilliant response!
Meanwhile, I also ran into Steve Forbes, who spoke on a panel about tax reform. He railed against the millionaires' tax (The Buffett Rule) being proposed by President Obama (and supported by Jared Bernstein on the panel), contending, "You don't raise taxes on the successful, especially during a weak recovery." Amen!
Afterwards, Steve asked about my own conference FreedomFest, and I told him about all of the great debates and panels we have scheduled this year. "I can't wait," he said. Steve Forbes and Whole Foods CEO John Mackey are our official FreedomFest co-ambassadors. Hope you'll join us. See more below…
SALT Conference: It's All about Jobs!
Another conference I attended was the SALT conference, run by hedge fund manager Anthony Scaramucci, who just wrote an excellent primer, "The Little Book of Hedge Funds: What You Need to Know about Hedge Funds but the Managers Won't Tell You." Highly recommended.
Like Milken, Scaramucci invites a lot of big names to his conference, including Al Gore and Sarah Palin. I was able to attend only one day due to other commitments, but I was on a panel with Adam Lashinsky, senior editor at Fortune magazine, about his new book, "Inside Apple: How America's Most Admired — And Secretive — Company Really Works."
Steve Jobs' last name symbolizes the challenges facing America today. The future of America is all about the job participation rate and the unemployment rate. The official unemployment rate is down to 8.1%, but that's largely because millions of people have simply stopped looking for work.
According to a recent report, approximately 86 million people are invisibly unemployed in the United States. After peaking at 67.3% in early 2000, the labor force participation rate has been falling ever since.
In our panel discussion, Lashinsky denied the popular view that technology companies like Apple don't create many jobs. Apple may not hire a lot of workers, but the products they produce (iphones, ipads, MAC computers, etc.) sharply increase productivity and create a higher standard of living and millions of jobs indirectly – I agree.
My "Surprise" Prediction at the Money Show
I also made numerous appearances at the Las Vegas Money Show, including a SRO private meeting with subscribers (thanks for coming). Investors were worried about the bear market on Wall Street and the never-ending debt crisis in Europe.
But I offered good news to attendees. I made the "surprise" prediction that Mitt Romney would win the Presidency in November and the stock market would roar on the news. This forecast goes counter to the odds makers at www.intrade.com, the political futures market, which currently shows Obama ahead of Romney, 58% to 42%. But over the past two months Obama has been gradually losing support and Romney has been gaining. Moreover, Romney could win if the economy continues to struggle (as I expect it will) and if Romney wins the presidential debates (iffy). Remember, Reagan was way behind Jimmy Carter in early 1980 and ended up winning by a landslide, largely due to economic worries.
Don't get me wrong: I am not rooting for a downturn just to elect a Republican. But I want someone in office who understands business, and can turn things around.
Watch Intrade carefully. The political futures market is more accurate over the past election cycles than the national polls. The pollsters survey voters with the question, "If the election were held today, who would you vote for?" There's no skin in the game and voters can lie. But in Intrade, voters are putting up their own money and betting on the question, "Who will win the election in November?"
Update on FreedomFest, "The World's Best Conference"
Recently I attended one of those big corporate conferences out West and a well-dressed businessman came up to me from out of the blue and introduced himself. He said, "You don't know me but my name is Tony and I'm from Phoenix. I just want you to know that FreedomFest in Vegas is by far THE best conference I've ever attended, and I've attended all of them."
While Tony and I were talking, a young executive came up and introduced herself as Lenore Hawkins from San Diego. "He's right," she said. "I always come away inspired and looking to take on the world after attending FreedomFest. This year I'm bringing five friends!"
I know this story sounds like promotional hype, but it really happened.
In fact, it happens all the time. This year the Oxford Club (Alexander Green, Karim Rahemtulla, Marc Lichtenfeld and Steve McDonald) is hosting a one-day conference at FreedomFest. Other speakers include Peter Schiff, Rick Rule, and of course, Steve Forbes and John Mackey. They attend all three days! As Keith Fitz-Gerald says, "FreedomFest is the conference even speakers like to attend." (Yes, he's coming.) To see what all the excitement is all about, go here, or give Tami Holland a call toll-free 1-866-266-5101.
Good Investing,
P.S. We've just signed on two more high-profile speakers for FreedomFest – Robert Kiyosaki, author of "Rich Dad, Poor Dad" and G. Edward Griffin, author of "The Creature from Jekyll Island."
Central Bank News Link List – 31 May 2012
By Central Bank News
Here's today's Central Bank News link list, click through if you missed the previous central bank news link list. Remember, if you want to submit links for inclusion in the daily link list, just email them through to us or post them in the comments section below.
Brazil Central Bank Cuts Rate -50bps to 8.50% (Financial Times)
Denmark Central Bank Cuts Rate -15bps to 0.45% (MNI)
Hungary c.bank Holds Interest Rate at 7.00% (Portfolio.hu)
Turkey C.bank Keeps Interest Rate at 5.75% (Bloomberg)
Colombia c.bank Maintains Lending Rate at 5.25% (Wall Street Journal)
Bank of Zambia Holds Rate at 9.00% (Lusaka Times)
China money market rates fall on policy outlook (BusinessWeek)
Goldman Sachs: c.bank interest rate expectations (FX Street)
Fed intervention and the markets (All Economists)
Central Banks are never out of ammunition (Forbes)
The Threat of Fiscal Dominance (BIS and OECD)
Source: www.CentralBankNews.info
Using Linear Regression in Forex Trading
In forex trading, there are many different ways to analyse the data in a bid to try and accurately predict what the market is likely to do next.
Linear regression is a tool used by many traders, which sounds more complicated than it is, which offers advantages very similar to that of moving averages.
Put simply, linear regression is a statistical analysis tool which looks at both price and time. Both resistance and support levels are shown on the graph, with the slope direction depicting the overall trend of the market.
Regression is a much-used type of statistical analysis and is very commonly seen in trading. In forex, linear regression creates a channel after support and resistance levels are identified which trading will normally stick within. Any burst outside the channel is normally expected to be brief – a prolonged break-through is a sign that the market is about to reverse.
After a midway point is identified, two further lines are created both above and below – a couple of points each way – to create the channel for the range.
As well as helping to identify trends about to develop, linear regression can also help a trader to set both entry and exit points by looking at the boundaries of the channel created. This can give an indication of when the market is reaching the top of its range and the position should be closed.
However, linear regression can be used to create a simple line, rather than a channel if preferred. A linear regression line is created by joining the starting price with an end price, picking the points which create the least deviation throughout the length.
The linear regression line is viewed as the midway point or the `fair price` and is the point which the market is expect to keep moving through. If the current price is above the line, it would suggest a sell strategy and if below the line, a buy strategy.
Linear regression can be used on different time frames, depending on the trades being executed and can help to remove the psychological element from trading. The power of human emotions can be one of the hardest things for traders to overcome and much discipline and self control is required at times.
Because linear regression is based on facts, there is no need to interpret the results – they speak for themselves. This can help to make it easier – when used alongside other technical indicators – to set up entry and exit points, as well as detect trends very soon after they begin.
Linear regression is just one of the tools used by traders to help become more effective and despite its statistical strength, should never be used in isolation to determine a strategy. In order to trade forex profitably it is necessary to select the right mix of charts, tool and indicators; enough to provide sufficient detail for analysis but not too many for the picture to become clouded.
Gold and Silver "Finally Decouple" from Euro, Stocks & Commodities But Still End May Sharply Down
London Gold Market Report
from Adrian Ash
Thurs 31 May, 08:45 EST
WHOLESALE BULLION gold prices rose Thursday lunchtime in London, extending yesterday's sharp jump and cutting this week's 2.5% drop by more than two thirds even as the Euro currency again slipped through $1.24 for the second day running.
Trading near $1564 per ounce, however, Dollar gold prices headed towards their fourth monthly drop in succession, losing some 5.3% in May.
Silver bullion neared the end of May more than 10% lower from end-April, despite rallying above $28 per ounce Wednesday afternoon in London when the Euro first slipped to those fresh two-year lows.
US crude oil was on track for a monthly drop of 16% says Bloomberg, its worst fall since December 2008.
The MSCI index of global stock markets has shed nearly 9% in May.
"Gold and to a lesser extent silver decoupled from the rest of the [commodities] group on Wednesday and started to head higher," says a US analyst.
"Finally gold is behaving 'normally' and is 'profiting' from the fears surrounding the Euro," agreess Commerzbank analyst Eugen Weinberg, "[resisting] the general downswing experienced by commodities and equities.
"Gold is proving to be good 'risk insurance' [but] we believe there may still be downside risks if the US Dollar continues to remain strong."
Standard Chartered also "see downside risks for the short term but remain long-term bulls," they said in a note.
May has "definitely seen a flight to the Dollar rather than gold," says Chinese brokerage CITIC Futures' chief investment strategist Wang Xiaoli, adding that "the crisis in Europe doesn't look like it will abate soon."
So-called "safe haven" US Treasury bonds rose sharply again on Thursday, driving 10-year yields down to new all-time lows beneath 1.60%, following weaker-than-expected US payroll data from the private ADP group.
Ten-year Spanish bond yields meantime held near 6%, the level which Portuguese yields reached just before its ECB, IMF and European Union bailout.
Speaking to the European Parliament Thursday morning, the 17-nation Eurozone's chief central banker Mario Draghi accused Spain and other member states of trying to deal with their domestic banking crises in "the worst possible way."
Spain last week announced a fresh €19 billion injection of state funds into the part-nationalized Bankia lender.
"There is a first assessment, then a second, a third, a fourth," said Draghi. "Everyone ends up doing the right thing, but at the highest cost."
Across in Ankara, the Turkish Central Bank today said it may "gradually" raise the percentage of required reserves which commercial banks can hold in physical Gold Bullion to 30%.
The news comes only 1 months after the limit was raised to 20%, and only 2 months after Turkish banks were first allowed to hold a portion of their required reserves in gold. (Read about Turkey's new gold policies here…)
The world's biggest trade credit insurer, Euler Hermes, meantime suspended cover for goods being shipped to Greece, saying that until there's "clarity" after 17 June's Greek election, it cannot be sure debts will be paid in the event of Athens quitting the Euro.
Over in Hong Kong today, London-based luxury jeweler Graff abandoned its $1 billion stock-market IPO scheduled for tomorrow, blaming "consistently declining stock markets."
India's Rajesh Exports – which forecast in Sept. 2009 that rising Gold Prices could dent Indian demand, only to see the world's #1 buyer grow its private consumption for the next two years running – today warned that Indian gold demand could fall hard in 2012 due to the weak Rupee.
In Dollar terms, "Gold Prices remain within a sideways consolidation," says Mumbai-based RiddiSiddhi Bullions, pointing to support at $1526 and resistance at $1600.
"We are neutral gold until it makes a larger directional move outside of those levels. The trend remains bearish."
Adrian Ash
Gold price chart, no delay | Buy gold online at live prices
Adrian Ash is head of research at BullionVault, the secure, low-cost gold and silver market for private investors online, where you can buy gold today vaulted in Zurich on $3 spreads and 0.8% dealing fees.
(c) BullionVault 2012
Please Note: This article is to inform your thinking, not lead it. Only you can decide the best place for your money, and any decision you make will put your money at risk. Information or data included here may have already been overtaken by events – and must be verified elsewhere – should you choose to act on it.
ForexCT Afternoon Market Thoughts for 31 May 2012
Video courtesy of ForexCT – A leading Australian forex broker, liscensed by the Australian Securities & Investments Commission, offers the MetaTrader4 and PROfit Platform to retail traders. Other services include Segregated Accounts, Trading workshops, Tutorials, and Commodities trading.
Italian Bond Auction Leads to Further EUR Losses
Source: ForexYard
The euro dropped to a fresh two-year low against the US dollar yesterday, following a disappointing Italian bond auction which led to fears that the euro-zone debt crisis is spreading to other countries in the region. In addition, fears regarding the health of the Spanish banking sector caused other higher yielding currencies and commodities to extend their bearish trends throughout the day. Today, traders will want to pay attention to a batch of US data, including the ADP Non-Farm Employment Change and Prelim GDP figures. Any better than expected news could help the dollar add onto its recent gains.
USD – ADP Non-Farm Figure Set to Create Dollar Volatility
The US dollar saw additional gains against riskier currencies like the euro and AUD yesterday, as investors continued to shift their funds to safe-haven assets amid concerns regarding the Spanish banking sector. The EUR/USD fell close to 80 pips during European trading, reaching as low as 1.2406 before staging a very slight upward correction. A worse than expected Australian Retail Sales figure caused the AUD/USD to fall well over 100 pips over the course of the day. After reaching as low as 0.9724, the pair was able to reverse upwards and stabilize around the 0.9740 level.
Turning to today, traders will want to pay attention to a batch of US data, including the ADP Non-Farm Employment Change and Prelim GDP figures. The ADP statistic is considered an accurate predictor of Friday's all-important Non-Farm Payrolls figure, and consistently leads to market volatility. A better than expected figure could help the dollar recover some of its recent losses against the JPY. With regards to the Prelim GDP, analysts are forecasting that the figure dropped from last quarter. If true, investors may take it as a sign that the US economic recovery is weakening, which could cause the dollar to fall against its safe-haven currency rivals.
EUR – Spanish, Italian News Send EUR to Fresh Lows
Ongoing fears regarding Spain's banking sector combined with a disappointing Italian bond auction, caused the euro to tumble against several of its main currency rivals yesterday. In addition to the 80 pip drop the common currency took against the US dollar, the EUR/JPY also fell around 125 pips during European trading. The pair dropped as low as 97.91, a four-month low. That being said, the news was not all bad for the euro, which was able to move up against the AUD, following a disappointing Australian retail sales figure. The EUR/AUD reached as high as 1.2761, up over 60 pips for the day.
Turning to today, euro traders will want to monitor the results of the Irish Stability Treaty Vote. Ireland is holding a referendum on whether to accept or reject the EU Stability Treaty. Most analysts are forecasting that the referendum will pass, which if true, may give the euro a boost during mid-day trading. That being said, should Ireland vote no on the treaty, it will likely lead to additional euro-zone fears, which could result in the common-currency dropping to new lows against the USD and JPY.
JPY – Yen Continues to Benefit from Risk Aversion
Risk aversion due to euro-zone worries and worse than expected US data led to significant gains for the safe-haven Japanese yen yesterday. The USD/JPY fell as low as 78.86, down over 60 pips for the day, amid fears that the US economic recovery is slowing down. Against the AUD, the yen was able to benefit from poor Australian retail sales data. The AUD/JPY fell over 100 pips, reaching as low as $76.70.
Turning to today, traders will want to pay attention to US news, specifically the ADP Non-Farm Payrolls figure at 12:15 GMT. Should the figure come in above the forecasted 145K, the yen could reverse some of its recent gains during the afternoon session. That being said, if the figure comes in below expectations, the JPY could extend its recent bullish trend.
Crude Oil – Risk Aversion Sends Crude Oil Tumbling
The combination of euro-zone debt worries and disappointing US data sent the price of crude oil tumbling during the European session yesterday. Investor fears regarding declining demand for oil in the US was reinforced following a significantly worse than expected Pending Home Sales figure. Overall, the price of crude dropped over $2 a barrel, eventually reaching as low as $88.16.
Turning to today, oil traders will want to pay attention to the US Crude Oil Inventories figure, scheduled for 15:00 GMT. Record high crude inventories in the US have been taken as a sign of decreased demand in the world's largest oil consuming country. Should today's figure come in the above expected level of 0.2M, oil could drop further as a result.
A bullish cross on the daily chart's Slow Stochastic indicates that this pair could see an upward correction in the near future. This theory is supported by the weekly chart's Williams Percent Range, which has dropped into oversold territory. Opening long positions may be the wise choice for this pair.
Long-term technical indicators are providing mixed signals for this pair. On the one hand, the weekly chart's MACD/OsMA has formed a bearish cross, meaning downward movement could occur in the coming days. That being said, the same chart's Williams Percent Range has dropped into oversold territory. Taking a wait-and-see approach may be the wise choice for this pair.
While the Williams Percent Range on the weekly chart has dropped into oversold territory, most other technical indicators show this pair trading in neutral territory. Traders may want to take a wait-and-see approach, as a clearer picture is likely to present itself in the coming days.
The Relative Strength Index on the daily chart has crossed over into the overbought zone, indicating that this pair could see downward movement in the near future. Furthermore, the weekly chart's MACD/OsMA has formed a bearish cross. Opening short positions may be the right move for this pair.
The Wild Card
Both the Slow Stochastic and the MACD/OsMA on the daily chart have formed bearish crosses, indicating that this pair could see downward movement in the near future. This theory is supported by the Relative Strength Index on the same chart, which is currently in overbought territory. This may be a good opportunity for forex traders to open short positions ahead of a possible downward correction.
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Lynn was a 1967 graduate of Speedway High School, in Indianapolis, and received his B.A. degree from Ball State University, in 1971. He married Karen J. Kado at the St. Paul Catholic Church in Valparaiso, on Aug. 21, 1971. He retired from the insurance business after 29 years. He owned and operated Huber Agency of American Family Insurance for 15 years. He was a member of St. Bernard Catholic Church in Wabash, where he was involved with Bible study and was a former cantor. Lynn sang in various music groups including the United Methodist Church Choir, Market Street Beat, Four For Him, and was involved in the Madrigal Production several years. He was the "Voice of Wabash," announcing for the Honeywell Center, Wabash High School sporting events, and did voice overs for local businesses. He enjoyed golfing, traveling, working in the yard, being outdoors, attending music concerts, and appreciated all varieties of music. Lynn was also a great chocolate chip cookie maker.
He is survived by his wife, Karen J. Huber, Wabash; daughter, Jennifer Huber, Indianapolis; mother, W. Joanne Huber, Fort Wayne; and his brother, Larry Huber of Scottsdale, Ariz. He was preceded in death by his father.
Funeral services will be held at St. Bernard Catholic Church on Saturday, April 27 at 2 p.m., with Father Sextus Don officiating. Burial will be in Falls Cemetery, Wabash.
Friends and family may call from 2-7 p.m. on Friday, April 26, at Grandstaff-Hentgen Funeral Service, 1241 Manchester Ave., Wabash. There will be a celebration of Lynn's life at 7 p.m. and a Rosary Service at 8 p.m. Friday, at the funeral home.
Preferred memorial is National Kidney Foundation or St. Bernard Catholic Church.
The memorial guest book for Lynn may be signed at www.grandstaff-hentgen.com.


Rooted. To understand the complexities.
Tax planning strategies guide our work with you across all of our financial planning disciplines. Most people only think of taxes when they have to – filing season. We look at your tax implications from 30,000 feet. How do taxes impact all of the financial decisions ahead of you? As you craft your estate plan, we discuss how to maximize the wealth transfer to those you care about most. Through our investment management process, we focus on what your performance is after paying taxes, not what the performance is before you pay your taxes.
With a number of CPAs on our staff, we can't help but think about taxes. Our greatest value is giving you an understanding of how all of these decisions will affect you in the near-term as well as future generations of your family. When annual tax season hits, rest assured you'll have all the information you need to walk into your CPA's office equipped to file in the smartest way possible—for this tax season and for many to come.


Grace for the Good Girl.
I am at home behind that door.
It would be easy to draw the curtains and ignore the chime.
for the goodness of God.
Today I read a chapter on reputation.
that my reputation or name had been tarnished.
This created a wave of anxiety.
Only to be completely unfounded.
I think of Jesus who thought nothing of his reputation.
My name is important but His name that covers me is supreme.
Below you will find two short videos.
The first one is Emily P. Freeman describing her life and the book.
The second one is a montage of women or good girls.
Take a look and see if you relate.
Or maybe you saw a glimpse of yourself.
The scenarios may vary but the core is the same.
Hey Helen! How are you?
It's good to dig deep and examine the goodness of God.


text:
Čou Lu-lu (; * 19. března 1988, Pin-čou, Čína) je čínská vzpěračka. Na Letních olympijských hrách v Londýně získala zlatou medaili v nejtěžší ženské váhové kategorii nad 75 kg. Výkonem 333 kg ve dvojboji vytvořila nový světový rekord.

Externí odkazy

Čínští vzpěrači
Olympijské vítězky ve vzpírání
Mistryně světa ve vzpírání
Čínské olympijské vítězky
Lidé ze Šan-tungu
Narození 19. března
Narození v roce 1988
Narození v Pin-čou
Žijící lidé
Ženy


The pre-mixed spirit drink Bacardi & Cola has been redesigned to give it a more premium image. And the new look is to be accompanied by the launch of a diet variant, which Bacardi claims will make the drink the only brand in the market to offer a low calorie variant. Bacardi said that "diet" now accounted for 46% of the total cola market and in Bacardi's case 90% is drunk with cola, with one in four people choosing diet. All this means "massive untapped potential for this drink," the company said.


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We have 14 different models of swinging screen doors available in single or double door configurations. All models are available in optional colors and screen types.
Pet doors and grills to help you extend the life of your patio sliders and give easy access in and out to your cat or dog.
Rugged long lasting screen sliders with all metal locking handles.


text:
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August 19, 2015 Relections on a Summer Spent as an Intern 0 Comment(s)
Prior to my internship at the Jewish Historical Society of Greater Washington, I had little experience in behind-the-scenes museum work. What experience I did have came largely from volunteering, which in my experience meant working with visitor services. As a graduate student in Museum Studies at The George Washington University, I have taken many classes designed to prepare me to work in a museum environment. When I started at GWU, I thought I knew exactly what kind of work I wanted to do in museums and where I wanted to go.
But while working at the JHSGW, I saw the variety of opportunities open to me in museum work. I have seen the possibilities of what I can do with my degree and it validates my decision to pursue an M.A. I am reconfirmed in my love of museums and the important role they play in society and culture. The most beneficial aspect of this experience has been in the small size of the organization. I have become familiar with six people, gotten to know each of their jobs and responsibilities, and have had the privilege of helping each of them with varying tasks.
I have called other museums for research, helped edit a program video, written program fliers, invitations, program summaries, been on a walking tour of downtown Jewish DC, organized and communicated with program partners, looked online for possible acquisitions, set up for special events, given tours of the historic 1876 synagogue, attended a talk at the Library of Congress, written the Executive Director's opening remarks for an event, performed audience evaluations, researched Yiddish history in DC, handled archived materials, attended the 139th dedication anniversary of the synagogue, and went on a staff field trip to the Anacostia Community Museum and The Frederick Douglass House. And this is all without mentioning the letter-folding, envelope-stuffing, and challah-delivering.
As a non-Jew who has always been interested in Judaism and Jewish culture, I have become used to the often puzzled looks I receive when explaining what kind of museums I want to work in. But I have always felt strongly that cultural history should be available to everyone, regardless of whether or not you identify with that group. This is what the JHSGW is doing for their community, and I appreciated being welcomed by the staff. I cannot say enough positive things about my time here. Not once have I felt like "the intern": the staff gives me meaningful projects, welcomes my opinions, and values my work. The most validating thing of all is being able to immediately apply things I have learned in a classroom in a real world setting. I see tangible evidence that what I am learning will be helpful in any future museum I work in. And isn't that the ideal of what can be gained by having students complete internships as part of their degrees?
Jaclyn Kimball is a second-year Master's student in Museum Studies at The George Washington University, where she studies collections management, museum administration, and history.
Posted by Jewish Historical Society of Greater Washington on August 19, 2015
Tags: programs, lillian & albert small jewish museum, 1876 synagogue, museums, interns, walking tours, professional development, research, intern perspective
July 28, 2015 Making a Museum - Issue 3 0 Comment(s)
Have you heard? We're building a new museum!
The 1876 synagogue is moving a block south to Third & F Streets, NW, where the Society will build an adjacent, state-of-the-art Jewish museum.
The new complex will anchor a $1.3-billion mixed-used project called Capitol Crossing — a five-building office, retail, and residential complex developed by Property Group Partners — which will extend onto a newly-built platform over Interstate 395.
If you've visited the Lillian & Albert Small Jewish Museum in the past month, you can't miss the construction. Work has officially reached the historic synagogue. Crews are installing a new 8" water main along the east side of Third Street, NW, from Massachusetts Avenue to E Street.
For more information, visit www.3rdsttunnel.com.
A New Jewish Museum
NEH Advisory Panel meeting
Earlier this year, we were awarded a prestigious grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) to plan the core exhibition in our new museum. The central experience of the museum, the core exhibition will reflect stories that distinguish the Washington-area Jewish community and its history. Our issues-oriented exhibition will enable visitors to explore regional and national history through the lens of area Jewish history.
In June, we kicked off our NEH advisory panel with a meeting to discuss themes and storylines for the exhibition. Our team includes top scholars, board members with related expertise, community advisors, and technical experts. Their insight and feedback on a variety of issues is helping us plan the core exhibition, develop a list of artifacts and topics to showcase, and test new ideas.
Our advising scholars:
Spencer Crew, Robinson Professor of American, African American, and Public History, George Mason University; former Director, Smithsonian's National Museum of American History
Jenna Weissman Joselit, Charles E. Smith Professor of Judaic Studies & Professor of History, The George Washington University
Pamela Nadell, Professor and Chair, Department of History; Patrick Clendenen Chair, Women's and Gender History; Director, Jewish Studies Program. American University
Suleiman Osman, Associate Professor, American Studies Department; Director of Undergraduate Studies, The George Washington University
Eric S. Yellin, Associate Professor of History and American Studies, University of Richmond
Meet the Neighbors: Holy Rosary Church
Heading east toward Capitol Hill, F Street comes to a stop at Holy Rosary Church, only a block from the Jewish Historical Society's 1876 synagogue. Just as the synagogue was threatened by construction and then saved, the church too was slated for demolition when it was in the proposed path of Interstate 395 in the mid-1960s.
Father Ezio Marchetto with JHSGW Director Laura Cohen Apelbaum
"The only reason why this church survived is because it was the only Italian parish and the people really fought to preserve it," says Father Ezio Marchetto. He became pastor of "the Italian Church at Judiciary Square" in June of 2013, a few months before Holy Rosary celebrated its centennial. Though the church was spared, the highway project destroyed the Italian neighborhood of which it was the religious, social, and cultural focus.
The Capitol Crossing development now underway will reopen F Street. The rebuilt neighborhood will be very different from the old, but Holy Rosary's sanctuary has been filling up thanks to a recent wave of Italian immigration.
College-educated, but in many cases unable to find work in Italy, these immigrants are being hired for jobs in medical research, information technology, and other fields, according to Marchetto. "Plus all the people that are coming to work at the [Italian] embassy, the consulate, the World Bank, NATO, military people. These are all young families with children," he says.
The Vicenza-born pastor talks about the church's continuing role as a "point of reference" for the now-dispersed and largely suburbanized Italian American community, including many second- and third-generation parishioners. Holy Rosary is also a special site in Washington for representatives of Italy and the Vatican. These officials attend annual celebrations at Holy Rosary such as the Festa della Republica Italiana (Festival of the Italian Republic, June 2) and the Messa per i Caduti in Guerra (Mass for the Fallen in War, November 4).
Capitol Crossing will bring changes to the campus of the beautiful church, completed in 1923. After the rectory, currently blocking F Street, is demolished, a new facility will be erected behind the church. A fenced garden will complete the landscape.
Holy Rosary is also using the opportunity to expand Casa Italiana—a language school, meeting/performance hall and café—caffé espresso, to be properly Italian—with striking statues of Marconi, Dante, Michelangelo, and Verdi in front. A dozen rooms will be added and Casa Italiana's offerings of Italian language, literature, art and cooking classes, opera, concerts and film screenings are expected to grow.
"I think this community has a lot to offer," says Father Marchetto. "Now I think what we have to do is to start to offer what we have to other communities." The potential for cooperative programming with nearby cultural organizations, including Holy Rosary's soon-to-be-even-closer neighbor, the Jewish Historical Society, is clear.
Collection Connections
Invitation to Synagogue Move, 1969
This invitation to "witness the moving of Washington's oldest synagogue" was displayed for eight years in the National Building Museum exhibition Symbol and City. Alongside the invitation was a large photo banner depicting the synagogue move in progress.
Mission of Light church, mid-1940s
After 32 years in the building, Adas Israel sold its first synagogue at Sixth & G Streets, NW, to Stephen Gatti, an Italian fruit dealer and real estate investor who lived a block away. Gatti divided up the first floor to house several retail shops. Over the years, the businesses included a bicycle shop, barber, grocery store, and Anthony Litteri's market (yes, that A. Litteri.). The upstairs sanctuary first hosted Saint Sophia, a Greek Orthodox congregation now located on Massachusetts Avenue near the National Cathedral, followed by a Pentecostal group known as Bible Hall, and then the Good Samaritan Chapel and the Mission of Light Church.
Although Jewish law frowns on the re-use of synagogues for other than Jewish use, many 19th and 20th-century American synagogues have been converted to churches, stores, or other secular uses—a phenomenon much more common in the United States than elsewhere.
Eventually, the former synagogue lost its religious connection and the sanctuary was converted into a storage space for the downstairs businesses. The ark was used as a broom closet!
Posted by Jewish Historical Society of Greater Washington on July 28, 2015
Tags: making a museum, archives, lillian & albert small jewish museum, exhibitions, 1876 synagogue, new museum
July 8, 2015 Celebrating Staff Anniversaries 0 Comment(s)
This summer, Special Projects Manager Claire Uziel and Director of Collections Wendy Turman mark special anniversaries with the Society. We recently asked Wendy and Claire about their favorite and most memorable JHSGW moments.
Claire Uziel – 10th anniversary
Claire is proud of her work modernizing our organization. She helped move our website maintenance in-house and manages our social media presence. She recently worked with our web designer to migrate the website to an online system that allows the site to be updated from any computer instead of via software on her desktop computer.
Claire's favorite moments include assisting researchers: "Pretty much every time a researcher says 'That's just what I was looking for!' when I send them material is a highlight. I always try to help people looking for material we don't have, but it's so great to be able to hand over exactly what someone's looking for."
Another highlight for Claire was her work on our award-winning exhibition, Voices of the Vigil. "In August 2008, we were invited to a meeting of Soviet Jewry activists who wanted to be sure the D.C. story was told. I went and handed out oral history tips and talked about how important it was for these folks to record their memories for future generations. I was 10 when the Soviet Union fell and so myself had extremely little working knowledge of the history. Over the next months, I received cassettes, DVDs, and typed documents of the activists' recollections. Every time I got a new email or package in the mail, I learned a little more about the local Soviet Jewry movement. It was an exciting time for my inbox and the archives."
Wendy Turman – 15th anniversary
Wendy's favorite program is the June 9 celebration of the 1876 synagogue's anniversary. She says, "I love seeing how people respond to being in the historic sanctuary and experiencing some of the sights and sounds that the original members may have seen or heard in 1876."
Wendy's favorite item in the collection is a banner carried by Hyman Bookbinder at the 1963 March on Washington: "It is such an honor to care for this object from such a momentous event in our nation's history. When we received the banner, I remember thinking 'I didn't think I would ever get to see or hold one of these.' It still gives me shivers."
One of Wendy's most memorable experiences was conducting an oral history with Sheldon S. Cohen: "His story was so big I had to go back five times to get it all, and I know I didn't get everything. From candling eggs when he was a teenager working in his father's warehouse in northeast D.C. to working on legal matters for Lyndon & Lady Bird Johnson to meeting Nelson Mandela shortly after his release from prison, this story has something for everyone."
Wendy's favorite exhibition, like Claire, was Voices of the Vigil. "I loved the process of working with an incredible community advisory group to document the history of the Soviet Jewry movement and then bringing all those disparate voices together into a cohesive exhibit. And I have especially enjoyed the youth education programs we have done in conjunction with the exhibition -- watching kids interact with their parents and learn how ordinary people -- sometimes including their own families -- made a real difference in the world."
Finally, Wendy sums her experience up by saying, "It has been a privilege to work here for 15 years, to learn the big and small stories that make up the history of this community, to care for everything from political buttons to scrapbooks to stained-glass windows, and to work with so many dedicated, creative, smart, and hard-working staff and amazing volunteers."
The Society thanks Wendy and Claire for their decades of service!
Posted by Claire on July 8, 2015
Tags: programs, archives, 1876 synagogue, lillian & albert small jewish museum, exhibitions, jhsgw, youth education
June 26, 2015 Ben Stein, the Beatles, and 8 Other Things about (Jewish) Washington 0 Comment(s)
Earlier this week, our friends at The Forward published a list of 10 facts about Jewish Washington, D.C. called "Of Goldie Hawn, Theater J and 8 Other Things About (Jewish) Washington D.C." We're adding our hometown voice with ten things you might not know about Washington's Jewish history.
1. Home to the Only Congressionally-Chartered Shul
1856: Washington Hebrew—the city's first Jewish congregation—successfully petitioned Congress (then constitutionally responsible for D.C. law) for legislation ensuring its right to purchase property.
Facsimile courtesy of Washington Hebrew Congregation. Original in National Archives.
2. The Civil War Couldn't Keep the Jewish Community Apart
1862: Because Civil War travel restrictions prevented Washingtonian Henry Baum from traveling to his bride, Virginian Bettie Dreifus's home in Alexandria, the marriage took place in D.C.
Baum-Dreifus ketubah.
JHSGW Collections. Gift of Martin Baum and Evelyn Conn.
3. First President to Attend a Synagogue Service
1876: President Ulysses S. Grant attended the three-hour dedication of Adas Israel's synagogue on June 9, 1876, and even made a gift of $10 to the building fund
Receipt sent to the Executive Mansion for President Grant's donation.
Library of Congress.
4. Founder of the First National Jewish Sisterhood Organization
1913: Carrie Simon, founder of Washington Hebrew Congregation's ladies auxiliary, brought together representatives from sisterhoods across the nation to create Reform Judaism's National Federation of Temple Sisterhoods (today's Women of Reform Judaism).
Courtesy of Washington Hebrew Congregation.
5. Jews Played a Big Part in the Alcohol Trade
20th Century: From hundreds of Jewish immigrant-owned "mom and pop" liquor stores to producer-distributor-powerbroker Milton Kronheim, Jewish Washingtonians have helped quench the thirsts of Washington's denizens for over a century.
Learn about this whisky bottle with caricature of General George Patton commissioned by D.C. liquor store own Harry Slavitt for General Patton, 1940s.
JHSGW Collections. Gift of Mitchell Slavitt.
6. First Israeli Flag-Raising on Embassy Row
1948: President Harry Truman's recognition of Israel's independence on May 14, 1948, spurred hundreds to stream to Embassy Row to cheer and dance as the new state's flag was first raised.
Copyright The Washington Post.
7. Ferris Bueller Actor Bar-Mitzvahed in Maryland Suburbs
1957: Years before Ben Stein became a speechwriter for President Nixon, an actor, and game show host, his family sent this invitation to celebrate his bar mitzvah at the Montgomery County Jewish Community Center (today's Ohr Kodesh Congregation) in Chevy Chase, Maryland.
JHSGW Collections. Gift of Penny Feuerzeig.
8. The Beatles' First U.S. Concert
1964: Washington Coliseum owner Harry Lynn hosted the "Fab Four" for their first U.S. concert on February 11, 1964, the day after the band's roaring introduction on the Ed Sullivan Show.
Learn about JHSGW's discovery of this autographed publicity photo of the Beatles to Harry Lynn, 1964.
JHSGW Collections. Gift of John Lynn.
9. Eruv Encloses All Three Branches of the Federal Government
1990: The Kesher Israel Rabbi Philip Rabinowitz Memorial Eruv encloses the White House, U.S. Capitol, and Supreme Court, as well as the Washington Monument and National Mall.
Courtesy of Kesher Israel Congregation.
10. Home to a Mobile Synagogue
Today: Built in 1876, the historic Adas Israel synagogue was saved from demolition in 1969 by moving it three city blocks, where it now stands as the Lillian & Albert Small Jewish Museum. The synagogue will move again: once to a temporary location, and finally to the corner of 3rd and F Streets, NW, where it will be the focal point for the Society's new Jewish museum;
JHSGW Collections.
Posted by Claire on June 26, 2015
Tags: 1876 synagogue, lillian & albert small jewish museum, dc, congregations, business, jhsgw, military, u.s. presidents, food, civil war, israel, politicians, entertainment
June 17, 2015 Celebrating the Historic Synagogue 0 Comment(s)
On June 9, 2015, we celebrated the 139th anniversary of the historic 1876 synagogue with Mayor Muriel Bowser and D.C. Councilmembers Jack Evans, Brianne Nadeau, and Elissa Silverman (seen below left).
The program included historic readings from the original dedication service, which was attended by President Ulysses S. Grant, making him the first U.S. president to ever attend a synagogue service. Participants included several descendants of former congregants who prayed in the building and three local rabbis: Rabbi Bruce Lustig (Washington Hebrew Congregation), Rabbi Gil Steinlauf (Adas Israel Congregation), and Rabbi Arnold Resnicoff (Captain, Chaplain Corps, USN, retired).
More event photos
Video of shofar-blowing by the great-great-great-granddaughter of Adas Israel's first president
Part of our "Last Call" series of programs in the 1876 synagogue before it is moved--for the second time--as part of the Capitol Crossing development.
Learn more about the move
Tags: programs, 1876 synagogue, lillian & albert small jewish museum, dc, politicians
All spruced up
JHSGW Welcomes New Executive Director
Curator's Catch: April 2017
Marione Ingram Program & New Documentary Short
Curator's Catch March 2017
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