As with any profession, there are groups and organizations that can provide special resources pertaining to the field. These are usually groups focused on a particular topic and will involve themselves with anything related to that topic. Their membership is made up of those in that profession and related experts, which provides a special source of information for those who are new to the field. They can operate on the local, state, national, or international level, which means they can be rather easy to find if you know where to look.
This article will look at a variety of organizations and groups related to procurement management on the national and international levels. Information will include what it is that the organization does, their specialties, where they operate, their membership requirements, and any other pertinent information. The history of each organization and any special offerings, like educational resources and events, will also be included.
Take note that there isn't any professional requirement that states a career in procurement requires joining an organization such as these. There are also more organizations that operate throughout the world than what is listed here, including those specialized by industry or on the local level. This is just a sample of what is available, and you should consider searching on the internet or through professional connections for more organizations in your area if you are interested in joining a procurement organization.
ISM is one of the largest global non-profit organizations for supply and procurement management. It's been around a little over 100 years since its founding in 1915. ISM is more of an educational organization, offering courses, certification, research, and professional development resources. It primarily offers two certifications for procurement professionals: the Certified Professional in Supply Management (CPSM) designation and the Certified Professional in Supplier Diversity (CPSD) designation. Despite their long history, ISM's training programs have only been active since 2008--however, they boast more than 60,000 graduates from over 30 countries from those courses.
The ISM also offers a report that has proven valuable to the procurement and supply management profession that has been published every month since 1931, Report on Business. It has two versions, one focusing on manufacturing (the original) and a non-manufacturing version (first published in 1998). Both versions of the Report have long been used as a regular indicator of the economy for multiple professional fields in the business world, not just procurement and supply management. The monthly issues of the Report are available on the first and third business days at the start of each month on their website. They are free on ISM's website and do not require membership access to view. ISM has another publication, Inside Supply Management, which is available to members only.
Membership--There are three membership offerings: individual, corporate, and student/academic. The individual membership comes in two versions, Professional and Professional Plus, and offers discounted access to programs, ISM's publications, and other community resources. Corporate membership is available to businesses and teams; they receive same access as the individual membership, as well as unlimited postings in ISM's Career Center. The student/academic membership is free for students or educators in procurement and supply management fields and offers full access.
Events and Special Offerings--ISM holds multiple conferences, webinars, seminars, and other miscellaneous events throughout the world. They have a yearly conference that is their largest and acts as an accumulation of all of ISM's resources in one location, including interactions with some of the largest companies in the world. The annual conference is held in a different city, with 2018's located in Nashville, TN.
Another educational organization, CIPS works directly with organizations and businesses to help their procurement and supply teams improve and be successful. CIPS has long worked to create a standard for all procurement professionals, regardless of their association with CIPS, through research and analysis of the profession. Like ISM, CIPS offers training through a wide variety of courses and programs and most of them are available through their website. The courses are available without membership, but there is a fee for each course regardless of your standing with CIPS.
Membership--Nearly everything that CIPS offers is through its membership program, which includes over 100,000 members. Most join through their website, although there is an option to download an application and sent a completed hardcopy to their offices. Membership fees vary by membership grade beginning with the basic Affiliate (£234 new, £184 for renewal); Student, Certificate, Diploma, or Associate for any study programs (£180 new, £130 renewal); Full Member (£234 new, £184 renewal); and Fellow (£240 renewal only). If a membership lapses for more than three months, then there is an additional fee of £50 to rejoin.
Events--There are events that are available only to the different membership grades, events specific to different branches of CIPS, and some international events. CIPS also offers a graduation ceremony for its members at a physical location in the United Kingdom, where the organization is based. Many of CIPS events, like its annual conference, are held in London or elsewhere in the UK for members only.
The IFPSM is a global organization that has around 250,000 professionals in its ranks, with around 48 National and Regional organizations associated with it. The organization sponsors a lot of research and educational efforts in the business world, dealing with everything related or connected to procurement. They pride themselves on being a non-profit, non-political, and independent organization. Due to its membership size, IFPSM has a massive network of resources and experts specializing in procurement that is available to anyone one of its members.
IFPSM has a rather large publication library, with many of its documents and articles coming directly from those within its membership. The organization keeps a collection of collection of these publications in what is dubbed "The Knowledge Bank", which is updated monthly and also includes the organization's internal newsletter archive. All documents, articles, and links are posted to the Knowledge Bank either by the original author or with their permission. Many of those authors are professionals in the field who have years, if not decades, of experience and are valuable resources themselves.
Membership--Currently, only other professional organizations are allowed to join IFPSM's network. Those organizations who are interested in joining must apply and will be granted membership should they meet the requirements set forth by IFPSM's membership board. An application can be found on their website. Membership access, once approved, allows access to IFPSM's non-public resources and information, meetings, and events. There is an option for Universities to join, which would grant them an affiliate membership and provide access to students who are in degree programs related to procurement and supply management.
Events--As mentioned, membership or affiliation is required for all IFPSM events. This includes their annual conference, the IFPSM World Summit, which is held for two days and focuses on a new theme each year. For example, the 2017 conference, to be held in Taiwan, is focusing on the theme of "Sustainability Ensures Success" and will offer related programs to attendees.
The APS is a national organization that provides resources related to professional development, consultations, and career assistance to those in procurement management. They first began in the U.S. in 1969 with the simple goal of helping out those in the purchasing and procurement profession, and have now expanded nation-wide with affiliates in 28 countries. As with most of the organizations discussed in this article, the APS largely focuses on training and offers certification programs for their members.
Like the IFPSM, the APS has a large library of procurement-related publications. Many of those publications come from the organization's members or from industry experts and have been thoroughly verified for their quality and relevance. They also have their Professional Purchasing magazine that they have been publishing since the early 1970s for the industry. Some of their publications are available via membership, while others (e.g. courses) must be purchase regardless of your status with the organization.
A unique feature that APS offers is a career center that offers assistance to those in the procurement profession find jobs in their field. Both employers and job seekers can use the service and it is free to use. Those who are looking for a job also have access to a resume evaluation service, which will help your build and fix your resume--which you can then post directly into their network for potential employers to check out!
Membership--Members get access to everything that APS has to offer. Anyone seeking membership can simply purchase a membership for either Individual, Company, Associate, or Retired status. The Retired membership is unique to APS, and is only available to those who have at least five years of membership in APS at the time of their professional retirement. The Individual membership fee is $209, plus a $49 setup fee for your access to APS's website and account. Company membership is $389 with the same $49 setup fee. Both have the option to purchase a membership plaque for around $79 (excluding tax). It should be noted that certifications from APS programs do not grant candidates membership, and membership does not grant APS members any certifications; they must be applied to separately and acquired based on the associated requirements.
Events--APS currently does not have any events outside of seminars for their professional development programs. It is completely online at this point with no local chapters or affiliates acting on their behalf to host events or meet-ups. However, the organization does keep track of tradeshows and conferences related to the procurement industry, and offers an up-to-date calendar on its website.
CSCMP is a massive organization and network for those in the field of procurement and supply management. It does a lot of research and education, and is a major advocate for the profession in business and the economy. They are not a traditional organization that doubles as a social or trade association for its members to market themselves, but rather aims for their members to use CSCMP's resources to improve themselves professionally. They're a global non-profit and they've set the bar rather high in an effort to be as innovative and inclusive as a professional organization can be. The value they provide to the professional community is something that they've built up since they started in 1963 and will continue to do so for many years to come.
The vast majority of CSCMP's resources involve education and professional improvement for those interested in a career in procurement. They have resources that will help you get started and will introduce you to the right programs to teach you want you need to know. Their massive network means that they have a lot to choose from so there's an option for everyone, regardless of what point you're at in your career. One of their more unique offerings is a mentorship program that pairs experienced professionals with students and those who are new to the field. The program does have some requirements and restrictions--must be a member upon enrollment, must be able to meet with your mentor/mentee, etc.--that may mean that it isn't an option for everyone based on what they are able to do.
Membership--There are several types of membership for CSCMP, all of which grant you access to all that CSCMP has to offer. The Professional tier is their standard membership and is $325 annually. Those under 30 years of age are eligible for the Young Professional Membership at $175 annually, or the Student membership for $40 annually if they are currently a full-time student with a faculty advisor's verification. Those outside of the U.S. are eligible for the International Digital Membership, $125 annually, which allows all of their benefits to be accessible online. If you are having financial difficulties due to job loss and have been a member of any kind for at least three years, you may be eligible for an In-Transition Membership of $175. This is only for one year and must be done through CSCMP's member services. There is a corporate option, which is customized on a case by case basis.
Events--EDGE is CSCMP's main event, which is a global conference held annually. It's three days long and brings members together with industry experts and hundreds of resources all in one place. There are opportunities for education, networking, recent research and publication releases, and basically anything else that can be of use to you as a procurement management professional. CSCMP members do pay a reduced registration fee based on what kind of membership you have, and groups also often receive discounts regardless of membership status.


1. Came up with the idea.
2. Wrote a first draft.
3. Got some brave souls to read it.
4. Got feedback from 4 of those people. Still waiting on a couple.
6. Self edit the draft.
7. Give it to the editor.
8. Fix all the errors.
9. Force my husband to check it one last time.
10. Submit it to the magazine.
11. Pray continually that this will be my big break. You all can help with this part too, if you don't mind.
To follow my professional and personal progress, subscribe.
If you want to see who won, or if you just really want to know what I look like at the end of a long, hot day, you can watch this short video of Trooper drawing the winning name. The winner will be notified and arrangements will be made so I can send the gift card!
If you haven't submitted the link to your review of 'Kergulen' or 'Kings of the Red Shell' on Amazon or Goodreads, you have just over two weeks to get it in. The contest closes on August 31st, and then I'll post a video of the drawing. Several people have posted reviews since the beginning of the contest without submitting the link, but you might as well throw your name in the hat! Someone is going to win that $25 gift card. It might as well be you! Click here to read the full contest rules before you enter.
Enter to Win a Twenty-Five Dollar Gift Card.
Having been inspired by a large giveaway promotion I did through Amazon, I've decided to do a drawing for a gift card here on the blog. If you're interested in winning a $25 gift card, continue reading. If not, check out the newest Trooper video. It might make you smile.
So, here are the contest rules. Please read them thoroughly before taking action.
1. You must read or have read at least one of my books.
2. You must write a review of the book (or books) on Amazon and/or Goodreads. Now this gets tricky, so pay attention--if you paste the review to both sites, you will be entered twice. If you review both books, you will be entered twice. So you could potentially be entered up to four times.
3. If you already reviewed, you're still in luck. You can enter previously posted reviews, no problem. While you're at it, you can write a review of book 2 for better odds J.
4. You must be a subscriber to my blog, at least for the duration of the contest. Subscribe here.
5. You must email me the links to your reviews on amazon or goodreads. I will then enter you for each review you post. Send them to R.A._White(at)hotmail.com.
6. Sadly, I can only send the gift card to entrants in the continental U.S. If you live outside it and have friends here, you could have the gift card sent to them.
7. Please don't write things like 'This is such an amazing book!!!' And 'Best Book Ever!!!' or 'I love this book so much, it should be a movie, R.A. White is a genius, and if you don't love this book you're crazy!!!' and nonsense like that. I mean, it makes me feel good, I'm not gonna lie, but Amazon tends to delete effusive reviews like this and potential readers don't give them much weight. What you should write: Your honest opinion with a few details about what you did AND didn't like about the book you're reviewing. It can be as short as a couple sentences.
8.Give the book as many stars as you think it deserves. Honesty won't change your chances of winning as long as the review makes it clear that you actually read the book you reviewed. Reviews that are too vague, whether positive or negative, are suspect.
9. If you want to enter but are unwilling to risk your .99 to buy Kergulen, email me and I'll gladly send you the kindle file. I just gave away 1,249 copies. I don't mind giving away a few more.
10.People who review both Kergulen and Kings of the Red Shell may be eligible to receive Advance Review Copies (ebook) of the upcoming sequel, Alonca's Quest.
11. The contest will be open until August 31, 2014, and results will be posted September 2, 2014.
If you have questions, please post them in the comments or email me and I'll be happy to clarify as needed. Good luck!


Photo credit: Nicholas A. Tonelli. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.
AWKWARD! An Ohio study funded by a #fracking opponent couldn't find evidence that it contaminates water.
Hydraulic fracturing's safety record is so good that not even a study funded by an anti-hydraulic fracturing foundation could find evidence that it contaminates drinking water.
The technology, which breaks up shale rock thousands of feet below the earth to release trapped oil and natural gas, has driven down energy prices and transformed America's energy economy.
In 2012, the University of Cincinnati started testing Ohio wells to see if hydraulic fracturing was causing water contamination. The project was partly funded by a $20,000 grant from the Deer Creek Foundation.
"The good news is that our study did not document that fracking was directly linked to water contamination," said Dr. Amy Townsend-Small of the University of Cincinnati, who presented the findings Thursday at a meeting of Carroll Concerned Citizens.
An audience member asked if the university was going to publicize the results of the study, noting that had the findings been unfavorable to drilling, that would have been national news.
"I'm really sad to say this but some of our funders, the groups that had given us funding in the past, were a little disappointed in our results," Townsend-Small said.
They feel that fracking is scary and so they were hoping our data could point to a reason to ban it.
The funders quietly slipped away, hoping news of the study's results remained confined to a local newspaper.
A Yale University-led study didn't find evidence that hydraulic fracturing natural gas wells contaminates ground water.
An Energy Department laboratory found that neither natural gas nor hydraulic fracturing fluid traveled upward through the rock in wells tested in Pennsylvania.
Not even well-heeled opponents of hydraulic fracturing can base their opposition to the technology on science.
It may have been an awkward moment for fracturing opponents, but it was good news for supporters of safe, effective American energy development.
Confused About Fracking? Learn more.
Chamber Explainers will get you up to speed.


text:
Leidos joins ManTech in protests of $1.6B Justice contract
Leidos has joined ManTech International in protesting a Justice Department contract for IT support services.
Known as IT Support Services 5 or ITSS 5, the contract is planned to be a multiple award vehicle with a ceiling of $1.6 billion.
It went through an earlier set of protests when DOJ announced a set of small business winners in April. Those protests led to the awards being pulled and DOJ has been reworking the procurement.
Part of the process is a two-step evaluation and both Leidos and ManTech were eliminated and both have filed protests. Leidos with the Government Accountability Office but ManTech has turned to the Court of Federal Claims.
The Court of Federal Claims generally trumps GAO's jurisdiction but Leidos apparently has told GAO that it is raising different issues than ManTech is raising.
Much of ManTech's filings at the Court of Federal Claims have been sealed and what documents that are public have been heavily redacted.
ManTech is arguing that it was improperly excluded from the competitive range and it blaming a clerical error that can easily be corrected.
Leidos is challenging the agency's evaluation of Phase 2 of the award process.
Both Leidos and ManTech are incumbent contractors on the current ITSS 4 contract.
ManTech filed its protest at the Court of Federal Claims on in August and there have been several rounds of filings but so far no trial date.
Leidos filed its protest at GAO on Oct. 9. A decision is expected Jan. 17.
While the protests are pending, DOJ cannot make awards.
Posted by Nick Wakeman on Oct 11, 2018 at 1:37 PM

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Akasha Rabut's series on New Orleans parade culture reveals a strong and courageous community
In her debut photo book, Death Magick Abundance, the photographer captures a group of people who have fought their way back from a catastrophe.
Akasha Rabut's love affair with New Orleans started, she says, "like a beautiful accident". Back in 2009, she and her friends visited the city, and immediately made a rash pact to relocate there. While her friends stayed put, Akasha herself did actually end up making the move. "Then," she says, "I fell in love with someone who is enchanted with New Orleans and inspired me to document what we saw together."
Akasha holds a BFA in photography from the San Francisco Art Institute and is about to release her first book, Death Magick Abundance, which brings together photos taken between 2010 and 2019 documenting the city of New Orleans. Much of her focus is on the culture of The Second Line, the city's long and vibrant tradition of parades. As you might expect, the colours and dynamism of Akasha's images, throughout the series, are mind-blowing.
Hurricane Katrina, the tropical cyclone that ravaged the city in 2005, is a palpable presence throughout the series, even though its effects are often not in the foreground. "I'm most inspired by post-Katrina culture," says Akasha. "People's resiliency and ability to continue celebrating their city and heritage."
Katrina, she explains, was weaponised and used as a mechanism to shut down the public school system and to dispose of public housing. "The people I photograph are the ones who came back to the city with a passion to rebuild, because the infrastructure wasn't there," she goes on. "It was the people who brought New Orleans back to life and that's driven my photography for the past decade."
She has met countless powerful and strong characters over the past ten years, many of whom have not even ended up in the book. Akasha talks about the dancers, flag team, colour guard and majorettes of the Edna Karr High School marching band. "I followed them around during Mardi Gras season where I'd walk with them for four miles along their parade routes," she says. "I'd also go to their school practice in the off-season nearly every day. It was such a special and invaluable experience for my book and process because I got behind the scenes access to these local celebrities."
These shots aren't even part of the final book, but, Akasha says, "No one nor any entity will ever rob me of this life-altering experience. It was my first taste of the magic that New Orleans has to offer."
Karma, 2018 © Akasha Rabut from Death Magick Abundance published by Anthology Editions
Akasha is only too aware of the paradox of being a photographer – a life-enhancing experience for you isn't necessarily the same for your subjects. "If you're going to make work like this, you have to accept that it's not always going to impact the community positively," she explains. She has worked hard to make sure that her influence is a positive one. For instance, she launched a non-profit called Creative Council, which awards students money to apply for college by completing the course. "Being able to create something with a whole community of people and forming these relationships is essential to my process," she says. She also tries to hire these former students as much as possible.
Which brings her on to the subject of her own book, Death Magick Abundance. "The most challenging part of making a book is selling it as a commodity," she says. "I'm not from New Orleans nor do I want to exploit its people. It was hard figuring out how to make this book and give back, and nourish this community; so, the way I've done that is by donating to non-profits here in the city and keeping the book affordable." This attitude is also visible in the images themselves, which display a warmth and tenderness that clearly stems from Akasha's respect for and admiration of her subjects.
Central City, 2014 © Akasha Rabut from Death Magick Abundance published by Anthology Editions
Trail Rider, 2014 © Akasha Rabut from Death Magick Abundance published by Anthology Editions
The Young Rollers Social Aid and Pleasure Club, 2019 © Akasha Rabut from Death Magick Abundance published by Anthology Editions
Central City, 2018© Akasha Rabut from Death Magick Abundance published by Anthology Editions
Earl, Holy Cross, 2017 © Akasha Rabut from Death Magick Abundance published by Anthology Editions
Caramel and Candi, Calliope Projects, 2015 © Akasha Rabut from Death Magick Abundance published by Anthology Editions
New Orleans Country Club, 2012 © Akasha Rabut from Death Magick Abundance published by Anthology Editions
Algiers Point,2014 © Akasha Rabut from Death Magick Abundance published by Anthology Editions
Algiers Point, 2014 © Akasha Rabut from Death Magick Abundance published by Anthology Editions
In his latest photobook, Luke Stephenson revisits the locations where Britain's biggest fish were caught
Herlinde Koelbl's photographic portraits of Angela Merkel examine the impact of two decades in power
Ordinary magazine releases its tenth and final issue centred around one enduring relic
Ezekiel's new erotic photobook captures intimate moments of women working in the adult industry
Candi, 2014 © Akasha Rabut from Death Magick Abundance published by Anthology Editions
www.anthologyeditions.com
Matt joined It's Nice That as editor in October 2018 and became editor-in-chief in September 2020. He was previously executive editor at Monocle magazine. Drop him a line with ideas and suggestions, or simply to say hello.
ma@itsnicethat.com
Klaus Pichler investigates the worldwide destruction of genetically modified orange petunias
Aline Deschamps documents the "beauty, creativity and strength" of migrant domestic workers in Lebanon
Thy Tran takes emotive pictures where two women can "simply be whoever they wish to be"
The Al-Ameen archive preserves a precious insight into joyful Palestinian wedding culture between the 1960s-90s


text:
Oscar Scherer State Park
Rob Collins
Rob understands what it means to serve, and it comes through in everything he does on a park, district, state and national level.
On the park level: There is not a task that Rob cannot do. Not only can he get it done but we have saved tremendous amounts of money from his insights on projects and the ability to get things done in house. Most of all, he has built up the rest of the team by sharing his knowledge and working with others to show them how to get things done right and giving them the confidence to do it on their own.
On the district level: Rob's skill set and great attitude are known throughout the district. He is often called upon to assist at other parks and the district office.
On the state level: Rob is the first to sign up to assist on any strike team. Whether it's a hurricane deployment or a fire strike team, he always wants to give and always has the rest of his team's safety and well-being in mind.
On the national level: Rob served on deployments out West this year. He was deployed to California to assist with the wildfires. The team he served on was trapped on top of a mountain and survived a burn over. All that time Rob was concerned with the welfare of the team he was serving on and was the only one that spoke up during the After Action Review regarding safety issues that needed to be addressed.
With his positive attitude and infectious laugh, Rob joined the park service to give back and make a difference. There is no doubt that's what he's done and will continue to do. Rob Collins always has your back.


Brillliant thread Charlie. Absolutely superb info. Cheers.
Would you be able to do Gigginstown if you got the chance. There's a couple of things I think they have in the handicaps that I'm interested to see if the trends agree with.
Brilliant - thanks again. One of my favourite threads of the year without a doubt.
Obviously their record in the Martin Pipe is phenomenal, with 4 of their 10 runners winning the race.
One winning favourite in Sir Des Champs. The average price of their other 8 winners is 11/1, hence why the return off £10 level stakes is so high.
Never won the Ultima, Close Brothers, Coral Cup, Kim Muir or County Hurdle.
We all know the regard Michael O'Leary holds for handicaps at Cheltenham, but even still, their record is superb. I always think of Gigginstown as mob handed at Cheltenham but they have never sent more than 10 horses handicapping at the festival in one year which I found quite surprising. To put that into perspective, JP McManus sent 155 more horses to handicaps over the last decade than Gigginstown. It is particularly noticeable when you look at the number of horses in Gigginstown's ownership and the number of runners they have each season in Ireland.
Their win to run ratio in the last 5 years is very good, to put it lightly. Gordon Elliot now trains 44% of all their entries. Willie had a better strike rate than Gordon (22%) but that's now irrelevant after the fallout over training fees.
Have run 3 or less runners in the Ultima (2) and Kim Muir (3), so little interest. Have won the Pertemps (4) and Cross Country (2) once, with 4 or less runners. Again, little interest.
Their record in the Martin Pipe and Brown Advisory is superb, having sent 14 runners and won 6 times at an average price of 11/1. I'l be keeping a keen eye out on their horses in these races.
Have to say I'm surprised at the Giggs M Pipe record, never really consider them as an outfit targeting handicap hurdles but 4 winners in last 8 years is staggering.
That Brown Advisory is made for Blow By Blow, and their record in it is very good!
And i see - Brown plate - Mortal @ 16-1.
Blow by Blow @ 20-1.
Martin pipe - Dallas des pictons @10-1.
I knew their MP record was excellent and that DDP is a bet for that race with their record.
But I didn't realise the Plate record is also very good.


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Difference between revisions of "Supported operating systems"
Dpark (talk | contribs)
(→Official binary distributions)
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m (Reverted edits by Dpark (Talk) to last version by Tweenk)
See also the [http://www.inkscape.org/download.php Download Page] which has a slightly longer version of this info, and the actual files.
If you have other operating system that does not work with Inkscape or having trouble downloading and installing Inkscape, you can try [http://www.appsverse.com/Apps?id=inkscape Inkscape online] without any downloading or installation.
[[Category:About Inkscape]]
Inkscape binaries are provided for the following platforms:
Official binary distributions
Windows Me, NT, 2000, XP, Vista
Mac OS X 10.3 (Panther) and later; Starting with the 0.42 release
If your favorite OS (we are thinking of Solaris, Plan9, FreeBSD) isn't listed above, you can help by building your own packages or compiling from source. See also Tracking Dependencies for a list of required libraries.
Note: Windows 9x/ME support was dropped in 0.41, because this platform was dropped by GTK and the rest of our library stack.
See also the Download Page which has a slightly longer version of this info, and the actual files.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.inkscape.org/wiki/index.php?title=Supported_operating_systems&oldid=61291"
About Inkscape


text:
Iran and Its Neighbours
Iran Economy News
Iran: 60% Of Population Is Poor
How Internet Censorship Is Damaging Iran's Economy
Iran Regime's Upcoming Budget Bill Will Lead To More Protests
Iran Is Facing a Severe Shortage of Natural Gas
Iran Terrorism
The implications of EU's terrorist designation of the Revolutionary Guards (IRGC)
Narcotics Iran Regime's Income Source for Terrorism
Iran's Regime Honors Terrorism and Protects Its Perpetrators
Khayyam Satellite, Iran Regime's New Tool To Back Up Global Terrorism
Iran Nuclear News
Snapback Sanctions, a Must Response to Iran's Human Rights Abuse and JCPOA Violations
Iranians Loudly Say to West: No More Appeasement!
Iran regime's officials: Before it's too late, make a final decision about completing the JCPOA and lifting the sanctions
Iran: The Unseen Threats of Reviving the JCPOA
News on Iran Protests & Demonstrations
Iran's Revolution From September to December, the Journey and Its Achievements
Iran Revolution, the Walls Are Speaking
Khamenei's Disgraceful Campaign Against Piranshahr and Javanrud, Who Will Be the Loser?
Iran Revolution Characteristics
AllAfghanistanIraqSyria
News On Iran & Its Neighbours
Iranian People's Resistance Changed the Appeasement Policy
Iran's Regime Loses Iraq's Gas Market
Iran and Hezbollah Face Blame for Dual Financial Crises
Life in Iran
Iran (General)
Iran General NewsObama chides Clinton's 'cowboy' talk on Iran
Iran General News
Obama chides Clinton's 'cowboy' talk on Iran
By Ram
Reuters: Democratic U.S. presidential candidate Barack Obama accused rival Hillary Clinton of saber rattling toward Iran on Sunday and compared her approach to that of unpopular Republican President George W. Bush.
By Patrick Rucker
WASHINGTON, May 4 (Reuters) – Democratic U.S. presidential candidate Barack Obama accused rival Hillary Clinton of saber rattling toward Iran on Sunday and compared her approach to that of unpopular Republican President George W. Bush.
"I think it's language that's reflective of George Bush. We have had a foreign policy of bluster and saber rattling," Obama said of Clinton's threat to "totally obliterate" Iran if it attacked Israel.
"It is important that we use language that sends a signal to the world community that we're shifting from the sort of cowboy diplomacy, or lack of diplomacy, that we've seen out of George Bush," the Illinois senator said on NBC's "Meet the Press."
Obama and Clinton sat for simultaneous TV interviews on different networks two days before primary contests in North Carolina and Indiana, the latest states to vote in the nominating process to determine who will take on Republican John McCain in the November election.
On ABC's "This Week," Clinton stood behind her remarks.
"Yes, we would have massive retaliation against Iran," the New York senator said.
Such an attack on Iran is unlikely, Clinton said, "but I sure want to make it abundantly clear that they would face a tremendous cost if they did such a thing."
The Bush administration accuses Iran of seeking to acquire nuclear weapons and says it could consider using military force to stop it. Iran says its nuclear program is for producing electricity.
Some Democrats and Republicans have called for negotiations with Iran about its nuclear program and involvement in Iraq, but the administrations has ruled out direct talks unless Iran stops enriching uranium.
Clinton has said the United States should offer to protect Middle East countries from Iran if those countries forgo any nuclear weapon ambitions.
"I think that we should be looking to create an umbrella of deterrence that goes much further than just Israel," she said last month in Pennsylvania, days before she made her "obliterate" remarks.
On Sunday, Obama said any expansion of the United States' nuclear shield should come "prudently and cautiously" and that Clinton first aired the umbrella idea as a "throwaway line" during one of the candidates' debate.
Obama said the United States would defend Israel after any attack, "nuclear or otherwise." (Additional reporting by Andy Sullivan in Washington and Jeff Mason in Indianapolis; editing by Mohammad Zargham) (To read more about the U.S. political campaign, visit Reuters "Tales from the Trail: 2008" online at http:/blogs.reuters.com/trail08/)
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J Am Coll Surg. 2009 Jul;209(1):55-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.02.062. Epub 2009 May 1.
Intensivist use of hand-carried ultrasonography to measure IVC collapsibility in estimating intravascular volume status: correlations with CVP.
Stawicki SP1, Braslow BM, Panebianco NL, Kirkpatrick JN, Gracias VH, Hayden GE, Dean AJ.
Department of Surgery, Division of Traumatology and Surgical Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Volume status assessment is an important aspect of patient management in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Echocardiologist-performed measurement of IVC collapsibility index (IVC-CI) provides useful information about filling pressures, but is limited by its portability, cost, and availability. Intensivist-performed bedside ultrasonography (INBU) examinations have the potential to overcome these impediments. We used INBU to evaluate hemodynamic status of SICU patients, focusing on correlations between IVC-CI and CVP.
Prospective evaluation of hemodynamic status was conducted on a convenience sample of SICU patients with a brief (3 to 10 minutes) INBU examination. INBU examinations were performed by noncardiologists after 3 hours of didactics in interpreting and acquiring two-dimensional and M-mode images, and > or =25 proctored examinations. IVC-CI measurements were compared with invasive CVP values.
Of 124 enrolled patients, 101 had CVP catheters (55 men, mean age 58.3 years, 44.6% intubated). Of these, 18 patients had uninterpretable INBU examinations, leaving 83 patients with both CVP monitoring devices and INBU IVC evaluations. Patients in three IVC-CI ranges (<0.20, 0.20 to 0.60, and >0.60) demonstrated significant decrease in mean CVP as IVC-CI increased (p = 0.023). Although <5% of patients with IVC-CI <0.20 had CVP <7 mmHg, >40% of this group had a CVP >12 mmHg. Conversely, >60% of patients with IVC-CI >0.6 had CVP <7 mmHg.
Measurements of IVC-CI by INBU can provide a useful guide to noninvasive volume status assessment in SICU patients. IVC-CI appears to correlate best with CVP in the setting of low (<0.20) and high (>0.60) collapsibility ranges. Additional studies are needed to confirm and expand on findings of this study.


text:
En Famille, Online With Steve Nieve; The Immobile Tour
For over a month, Steve Nieve (best known in Zub circles as Elvis Costello's longtime keyboardist) has been streaming cozy piano-based salon shows from his home in Normandy, France. The "Daily Improvisation" shows, recently dubbed The Immobile Tour, are a family affair, featuring his partner Muriel Téodori as hype man, cinematographer, and sometimes vocalist and her son, AJUQ, a six foot-nine drummer, singer, and sometimes collaborator with Steve Nieve. The two have toured as a duo, drums, keys, and vocals. This duo are two exceptionally talented folks with whom to share lockdown. Nieve has been the longtime embodiment of musical mastery for Elvis Costello, plucked from formal training at the Royal College of Music to be part of the Attractions. His classical training and music theory chops have been a secret weapon fueling Costello's compositional ambition and flights of fancy since their association began in 1977.
Using the Facebook Live platform, the troupe interacts real time with viewers, AJUQ manning his Instagram simultaneously on his phone. The shows are intimate and charming. Lovely moments happen, such as Davey Faragher, Nieve's bandmate in the Imposters, sending comments in the chat. What a moment of joy for all, as Davey had been an early Covid patient, to see him interacting and reporting himself well on the mend. Muriel, with her beautiful accent will call out "Benmont is here," or the names of other musical family friends in the chat. Of course to us, that's Benmont Tench of The Heartbreakers and keyboardist with Imposters Pete Thomas and Faragher in Works Progress Administration, the supergroup with members of Nickel Creek. We feel like we are in a lovely after-dinner gathering of musician friends.
The shows have been a mix of requests, improvisations (Steve takes notes --E, F, C sharp!- on requests and improvises pieces around the progression), and specialty themes. Steve proudly displayed an old synth he'd found in storage, excitedly sharing "this will be perfect for the Brian Eno (Day 26) show!" There was a Mark Hollis Talk of Talk Talk show (Day 31), a City and Towns theme (Day 29). A Get Happy! Day, a day of happy songs, and of course, and a very special visit by EC--Elvis Costello-- himself.
Day 24, the Special Elvis Costello show, was a bit like a favorite uncle coming over. AJUQ, who had grown up as part of the Costello extended touring family, is called "Antoine" by Elvis, just as members of my family call our 90+ year old uncle "Kenny," a name he'd not been called since a wee lad by anyone other than my grandmother and her branch of the family. I thought it was funny for someone who should be no stranger to stage names to call "AJUQ" by his given name. And of course they had an outstanding multi-continental performance of a number of Costello favorites, including a brand-new song.
Day 34 brought the Special Squeeze Daily Improvisation with guest Chris Difford. During the Attractions interregnum in the late 80s, Nieve played with Squeeze, during the gap between Jools Holland's stints. There are long ties between the Squeeze and Costello musical families. My first time seeing them was on their joint "English Mugs" tour in 1981. EC famously produced the landmark East Side Story, a near perfect testament to the genius of the Difford-Tillbrook songbook. His voice is a backing vocal to the band's best known song, "Tempted." It was Costello who suggested that new Squeeze keyboardist and pub rock ringer Paul Carrack, whose smooth vocals made Ace's "How Long?" ascend to the one-hit wonder pantheon, take the lead on the song.
The Special Squeeze Daily Improvisation began with a lovely piano version of 'Pulling Mussels (From the Shell).' Muriel showed us a tableau of items she laid out as a "hint" for the days theme--items mentioned in "Tempted." They admit from the outset there are so many great Squeeze songs, this show may be Part 1. The big guns come out from the start, as AJUQ prepared to sing "an obscure Squeeze song" and they launched into a tender "Tempted." The last verse featured him playing along on drums, kicking the song into overdrive. His kit is a great collection--a snare, often muted by a hand towel, a high hat and cymbal, and a tom nestled in a stylish wicker chair, which he tells us acts as a kick/floor tom. Sometimes he uses brushes, other times sticks. They then launched into an upbeat 'Goodbye Girl,' Muriel joining on chorus harmonies, sometimes joined by Steve. It is great fun. They read comments from Look Now producer Sebastian Krys, who gushed about them making his day.
As they wait for a guest to call in, Steve plays the Difford/Costello composition 'Boy with A Problem' as an interlude. The technical collaboration between Chez Téodori-Nieve and distant guests depends on blind, or perhaps more aptly, deaf faith: the remote player plays without hearing the collaborators, and Steve, AJUQ, and sometimes Muriel join in on their end, cueing visually and with intuition to play in time with their guest. It mostly works! Special Squeeze began with Chris Difford calling in from a room that looked EXACTLY how you would imagine a great English wordsmith's inner sanctum would: tudor beams, high ceiling, and a spectacular convex mirror (Muriel asked--is that a sorcièr? Oeil de sorcièr, or sorcerer's eye is the proper decor name). Chris said it is his writing room.
After some technical wrangling, Chris launched into a beautiful version of 'Take Me I'm Yours.' His voice is self-assured and perfect. This version is terrific--especially since he cannot hear his French contributors. But Steve takes a solo when prompted by Chris and it is magic.
These are old friends, swapping stories and comparing notes on life under lockdown in their towns. Chris admits he hates not being out among the audience and seeing people. They launch into 'Cowboys Are My Weakness,' a solo Chris song that the pair had played on tour together. AJUQ eventually joins on drums and of course it is so nice; Chris's daughters are commenting to each other in the chat about their dad's voice being so strong and reassuring. It is family time not only at Chez Téodori-Nieve but on Facebook live.
They all swap great stories about Lou Reed. Chris suggests that there be a Special Lou Reed, that he'd come back and sing a number. He introduces his version of "Up the Junction" as a bit Lou Reed-ish. Chris ends with 'Cool for Cats,' the song he described as "the one that did all the damage." The old friends swap stories, including Steve recalling his first time seeing Squeeze, which was also the first time he had a beer! There are lots of great stories and great warmth between these old friends. And then it is Goodbye Chris.
AJUQ and Steve decide to improvise a piece while they wait for the call from their second guest for the day. EC does call in, and gushes about the show so far, which he has been streaming. He tells us the original plan for East Side Story was a double album with the four sides to each have a different producer: Nick Lowe, Dave Edmunds, Elvis Costello, and PAUL McCartney! There are terrific inside tales and insights throughout this episode.
EC plays 'Someone Else's Heart.' a song he recorded for the Squeeze project produced by Steve Mandel. These songs are being slowly released as Record Store Day exclusives, the Squeeze Swindles series on Yep Roc. It is a terrific version and Costello remarked on the complexity and sophistication of Tilbrook's song structure. It is then on to 'Messed Around,' the boogie woogie standout from East Side Story. There is a fantastic story about mixing this song in the studio.
There is camaraderie and planning and then we are played out to the sounds of 'Another Nail in My Heart.' Day 34 or done. Plans hang in the air for Special Lou Reed, another Squeeze day, EC joining them for a suite of songs on the theme of colors. The Immobile Tour is somehow on a roll.
Still, covid hangs like a sinister off stage villain, lurking just outside camera range. Muriel had written with iconic French singer, Chrisophe, who died of coronavirus complications on April 17, a loss they feel and share with us. These salons are an unbelievable privilege for us to experience, the community we create feels like a real one. There is so much loss now, it is sweet to have a thoughtful, loving reprieve with what feels like family. Hope to see you at Chez Téodori-Nieve.
The material is all available on Facebook, on the Steve Nieve Page: https://www.facebook.com/stevenieveofficial/ The shows generally start a few minutes after 1p Eastern time in the US, early evening in France and England. The troupe welcomes comments via e-mail theimmobiletour@gmail.com. They have created a collage of their social media posts now available as a tour poster, pre-order at https://www.leetchi.com/c/the-immobile-tour-poster


With all the details and decisions involved in planning a wedding, why would anyone just wing it with the engagement photos? Believe it or not, there are some things you can and should consider when doing and engagement shoot. As a great example of that, we should view Yen and Adam, who did everything right.
I'm not telling you to be pretty - be photogenic. Being pleasing to the camera begins with authenticity. When meeting with a 2015 Bride and groom recently, the groom made a comment about how everyone in my book was attractive - and that they weren't quite like them. I noted how I never shoot models, everyone walks in to a shoot on the same page. I believe everyone is photogenic and as Yen and Adam can show you, it's really their inner beauty that making them look so stunning in these photos. Their poise, confidence, relationship and that sparkle in their eyes are just a few of the things that make these images some of the best engagement photos. Don't think "selfies"; think "this is a moment with the person I love".
2. Incorporate meaningful pieces in your wardrobe.
Wondering what to wear for your engagement session? I often recommend couples go to their closets before they go shopping. Wear something that is special to you. Put on your go-to outfit that you always feel great in. Wear something that will tell a story in fifty years. Yen has several pieces she wore, including one of her wedding dresses that is both sentimental and unique. Their wardrobe is more then simply a trendy outfit they recently purchased.
3. Be up for anything.
Photographing in the snow looks romantic and all - but actually doing it is a lot colder and more uncomfortable than these photos show. Yen and Adam really fought to get relaxed and forget about the cold to bring out these amazing snowy engagement photographs. While photographing inside of Union Station, I told them we just would run outside and do a few images. After seeing how beautiful it was I asked them to stick it out longer despite the cold. They did. Obviously, it was worth it.
Let's be honest, at first, being photographed can be an uncomfortable thing. If you prepare well, it doesn't have to be. Spare the time you would spend warming up to the camera and prepare yourself to have a lot of fun. You get to dress up, have someone tell you how great you look for an hour and do something really special with your fiancé. Make a night of it. Get drinks before and go out to a nice dinner after.
5. Why do engagement photos?
Ah. "We'll have enough pictures of us at the wedding", you may think. "What will we do with the engagement photos?" This is a real thought and concern for many couples. Why even take engagement photos? I argue that if you have amazing engagement photos like these, the possibilities are endless. No, you may not want a huge close-up photo of you smiling at the camera to hang on your walls forever. If you have meaningful, artistic engagement photos like these - hanging the images on your wall forever is a pleasure. To get the best engagement photos - keep in mind that not all photographers are the same. Look for the best engagement photographer to tell your story. These photos will last forever. You're creating an heirloom.
Yen and Adam's photos were taken at the newly remodeled Union Station. As an engagement photographer Downtown Denver, this is one of the best spots to photograph. We live in such a great city.


text:
Q: I need to create this kind of button https://drive.google.com/open?id=1yOkIr0uu6iqwjin2_H00K7gkP_f7g1_r
please help me how to create that kinda button with red color shadow

A: You just have to use CardView for this kind shadow background
add below library
implementation 'com.android.support:design:26.1.0'  //support design

compile 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:26.1.0'   // CardView

in your xml layout declare cardview
<android.support.v7.widget.CardView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:layout_margin="5dp"
        card_view:cardBackgroundColor="#C8242A"
        card_view:cardCornerRadius="15dp"
        card_view:cardElevation="10dp">

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="vertical">

            <TextView
                style="@style/TextAppearance.AppCompat.Small"
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:paddingBottom="5dp"
                android:paddingLeft="40dp"
                android:paddingRight="40dp"
                android:paddingTop="5dp"
                android:text="Sign in"
                android:textColor="#fff" />
        </LinearLayout>
    </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>

A: Try this
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:gravity="center"
    tools:context=".activity.SplashActivity">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:background="@drawable/aa"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</LinearLayout>

android:background="@drawable/aa"

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layer-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/shadow_bg" >

    </item>
    <item>
        <shape android:shape="rectangle" android:padding="10dp">
            <corners android:radius="40dp" />
            <gradient
                android:angle="45"
                android:endColor="#3cff00"
                android:startColor="#ff00ff"
                android:type="linear" />
            <padding
                android:bottom="0dp"
                android:left="0dp"
                android:right="0dp"
                android:top="0dp" />
        </shape>
    </item>

</layer-list>

android:drawable="@drawable/shadow_bg"

OUTPUT

NOTE:  You can use Android 9-patch shadow generator to create 9-patch image as per requirement

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Between the Lines: a solo exhibition by Su Su
Between the Lines, 9/7/18 - 10/28/18
Between the Lines, was a solo exhibition of new paintings by Su Su curated by Bunker Projects Director, Jessie Rommelt. Su Su's paintings are a stunning mix of 21st century imagery, re-woven into rich, non-linear narrative devices. Her works bring us into a world that is notably enticing, disjointed and unreal. Each painting situated itself in collaboration with the viewer, calling on them to stir the waters and even swim along.
"My work depicts the tension between globalization and our environment through narrative deconstruction, spontaneity, abstraction, and surrealism. This point of view - questioning and re-imagining time and space - is shaped by my personal experience of being born in China during the one-child policy. As a result, I have always kept to myself and rarely disclosed much. I found painting to be a refuge to explore my thoughts and connection to the world." -Su Su
Born in Beijing, China in 1988, Su Su began painting at the Central Academy of Arts & Design at the age of 12. She further developed herself as a visual artist through her undergraduate studies at the Beijing Dance Academy of Art and Design Program. In 2008, she assisted costume designer ChunQi Han at the Beijing Olympic closing ceremony. After earning her BFA in 2010, she won the China National Scholarship. In 2011, Susu received a full scholarship to attend graduate school at Carnegie Mellon University's School of Drama, where she completed her MFA in 2015. In Pittsburgh, she worked on local productions at the Opera Theater of Pittsburgh, City, Quantum, and Attack Theaters as a designer. Although she had a promising future in theater, she knew she wanted to pursue her true passion in painting. Immersing herself into the local Pittsburgh art community through theater, she made friends with curators, painters, and other artists who have helped guide her career into the painting world. Currently, she makes paintings full-time and further develops her professional studio practice, out of her Wilkinsburg-based studio.
artbysusu.com


text:
Your journeyAssessmentsProgramsPricingBlogFor Professionals
True or False: Can Tongue Tie Affect Speech?
Continue the discussion with a pro
Have a chat with a certified Speech and Language Professional for free
Tongue-tie, also known as ankyloglossia, is a congenital anomaly present at birth that restricts tongue mobility.
What is she talking about? Ok, let's try this, place yourself in front of a mirror, open your mouth, and try to touch the roof of your mouth with the tip of your tongue. Do you see that band tissue right underneath your tongue? That small membrane that goes from the floor of your mouth, all the way to the midline portion of your tongue. This is known as lingual frenulum. Most likely yours is long and stretchy enough to let you move your tongue all the way up, and side to side. However, some people are born with a short lingual frenulum which ends up bringing the tongue (including its mid and anterior portion) closer to the floor of the mouth.
Tongue-tie has been associated with some of the following difficulties:
Feeding problems (e.g., Mothers breastfeeding infants with tongue-tie have more nipple pain than mothers feeding normal infants)
Dentition Issues
Cosmetics and Personal Interactions
Speech Production
Noala has taken a step further to investigate what the scientific literature tells us regarding the link between tongue-tie and speech difficulties. But first, let us look at the prevalence of tongue-tie in infants, how it can be diagnosed, and the typical treatment plan.
How widespread is tongue-tie?
Definition of Prevalence: Prevalence is the proportion of a population who have a specific characteristic in a given time period.
A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by Hill et al (2021) identified that the overall prevalence of tongue-tie in children aged <1 year (N=24,536 infants) was 8%. Prevalence was 7% in males and 4% in females. Prevalence was 10% when using standardised assessment tool compared to 7% when using visual examination alone.
Is there a relationship between tongue-tie and speech difficulties?
How do you know if tongue-tie is affecting your speech?
According to Segal et al (2007) methodological review, there is no accepted standard test to diagnose tongue-tie. In fact, different criteria can be used to diagnose tongue-tie including:
Physical characteristics of infant's oral anatomy
Frenulum being abnormally short and thick causing the tongue to become heart-shaped upon protrusion
Signs of functional impairment such as inability to stick out the tongue past the gum line
Effects on breastfeeding causing maternal nipple pain and nipple trauma
Other indications of decreased tongue mobility.
There is also another tool called the Hazelbaker Assessment Tool for Lingual Frenulum Function (HATLFF) that has been developed to give a quantitative assessment of the tongue-tie. According to a study (Amir, James & Donath, 2006), published in the International Breastfeeding Journal, it was determined that the HATLFF has a high reliability in a study of infants with tongue-tie and control infants. However, this assessment if often "lengthy, and complex for use in busy clinic" (Segal et al, 2007)
Given the variability of these diagnostic tools and observations, none of these criteria have been validated.
Treatment for tongue-tie
The most common treatment for ankyloglossia is something called frenotomy. This procedure is brief and usually bloodless. According to an informative flyer published by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) in 2004, "a simple 'nip' with a blunt ended scissors is usually all that is needed, and bleeding is minimal. It's less traumatic than an ear piercing and much less invasive and painful than circumcision. Complications are minimal" (Coryllos, Genna & Salloum, 2004).
However, as nice, and simple as this procedure sounds, there is a huge controversy around this topic. In fact, concerns have been raised about the increase in diagnosis and possible complications after frenotomy. A more recent survey completed by pediatricians in the AAP section of breastfeeding (SOBr) revealed the following (Gilliland, Bunik & O'Connor, 2020):
Pediatricians are performing frenotomies largely by clipping
Complications of frenotomies do occur
Oral aversion and scarring seem to be associated with frenotomy performed by laser, electrosurgery/bovie or a combination of procedures
Pediatricians reported concerns about overdiagnosis of tongue-tie, parental anxiety, and dentists performing the procedure with laser leading to increased cost and complications.
Now that we know a little bit more about tongue-tie, let's see what the scientific literature tells us regarding its connection with speech problems.
How much does tongue-tie affect speech and what speech problems can tongue-tie cause??
Messner and Lalakea (2000), found that 60% of otolaryngologists, 50% of speech and language pathologists, and only 23% of paediatricians believe tongue-tie is at least sometimes associated with speech difficulties.
A recent study conducted by Melong, Bezuhly, and Hong (2021) investigated a group of paediatric patients being referred for speech concerns due to tongue-tie. Patients underwent a tongue-tie release procedure, and after 1 month, speech articulation was reassessed using a standardised assessment tool called the GFTA-2 (This is an assessment that speech and language pathologists use to determine the severity of a child's speech difficulties).
This investigation revealed: "The majority of children being referred for speech concerns thought to be due to ankyloglossia had age-appropriate speech errors at presentation. Ankyloglossia was not associated with isolated tongue mobility related speech articulation errors in a consistent manner, and there was no benefit of tongue-tie release in improving speech articulation or intelligibility." (Melong, Bezuhly &Hong, 2021)
According to Ann W Kummer, senior director, Speech Pathology Department at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and professor of clinical paediatrics at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center, sounds that require tongue tip movement /t, d, n/, slight elevation of the of the tip of the tongue /s, z/, complete tongue tip elevation to the alveolar ridge /l/, posterior tongue elevation /r/, and tongue protrusion to the maxillary incisors /th/ can still be produced with the tongue tip pressed down resulting in little if any distortions (Kummer, 2005)
It is recommended therefore to evaluate the effect of tongue-tie on lingual-alveolar sounds (such as /l/) and interdental sounds /th/ to determine if tongue tie is affecting speech or speech development.
So, does tongue-tie affect speech?
It's hard to come out with a definite answer to this question, however, our review of the literature has shown us that there is still inconclusive data. In most cases, it DOES NOT affect speech development. However, Noala always recommends following up with a certified speech and language pathologist to complete an appropriate assessment and determine the best course of treatment.
Alison M. Gilliland, Maya Bunik, Mary E. O'Connor; Pediatricians' Concerns about Ankyloglossia and Breastfeeding. Pediatrics July 2020; 146 (1_MeetingAbstract): 124–125. 10.1542/peds.146.1MA2.124
Amir, L. H., James, J. P., & Donath, S. M. (2006). Reliability of the hazelbaker assessment tool for lingual frenulum function. International Breastfeeding Journal, 1(1), 3.
Ankyloglossia (Tongue-tie)—Stanford medicine children's health. (s. f.). Recuperado 24 de agosto de 2022, de.
Becker, S., & Mendez, M. D. (2022). Ankyloglossia. En StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
Coryllos, E. & Genna, Catherine & Salloum, A.C. (2004). Congenital tongue-tie and its impact on breastfeeding. American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding. 1-6.
Hill, R. R., Lee, C. S., & Pados, B. F. (2021). The prevalence of ankyloglossia in children aged <1 year: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatric Research, 90(2), 259-266.
Kummer, A. W. (2005). Ankyloglossia: To clip or not to clip? That's the question. [Review-article]. The ASHA Leader.
Messner, A. H., & Lalakea, M. L. (2000). Ankyloglossia: Controversies in management. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 54(2), 123-131.
Segal, L. M., Stephenson, R., Dawes, M., & Feldman, P. (2007). Prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of ankyloglossia. Canadian Family Physician, 53(6), 1027-1033.
Johanna Pino Grisales
Speech Language Pathologist, M.S. CCC-SLP
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The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding: Circumcision
Genital cutting ('circumcision') can have a dramatic impact on successful breastfeeding, as can other forms of trauma in the first days, weeks and months of human life. An especially crucial time for mother/baby bonding and secure attachment development (instinctual and important for normal health, and contributing to mother's milk production and baby's suckling/feeding habits) is the first month of life. During this time it is paramount to protect baby from any and all unnecessary pain, stress and traumatic events. There are, of course, times when medical necessity wins out over baby's need for security, protection and avoidance of pain; circumcision, however, is not one of those times.
We receive a significantly large volume of mail from mothers who notice that their baby feeds differently (or no longer wants to nurse at all) post-circumcision. Those who note the most significant change are often mothers who dearly wish to breastfeed, but find they are returned with a baby who is "completely different - not himself" after genital cutting. Too often mothers ponder with tear-filled eyes, "Why didn't anyone tell me this could happen?"
And this is a justifiable question to ask. After all, we have mountains of literature and research on the science of human lactation and on intact care and circumcision. We know what factors lead to the most probable successful outcome of breastfeeding (and secure attachment), and we know which factors present a risk to successful breastfeeding, or increase failure to thrive potential. Genital cutting (on female or male babies) is one significant risk factor.
So powerful is the detrimental effect of circumcision on breastfeeding that many state hospitals (especially in the Western and some Southern U.S. states) have made the move to not allow circumcision to take place in the first week(s) post-birth. Instead, if a parent elects to surgically amputate the prepuce organ from their baby's body, they must schedule the surgery for a later date. Lactation consultants working within these hospitals have stated that failure to thrive rates decrease when genital cutting decreases. We've seen in other hospital records that the number of babies who suffer from failure to thrive and feeding complications (as well as parent-reported cases of 'colic' and overall agitation/fussiness) are positively correlated with two things: (1) male sex and (2) being circumcised.
If parental and professional observation exposes the realities of the circumcision / breastfeeding troubles connection; if research supports such notations; if hospital records and lactation consultants' cases reinforce the realities of it all; and if we have the resources to provide expecting mothers with all available information on the topic, why are we not doing so?
This was not always the case. Genital cutting began in the United States in an effort to curtail masturbation among boys and reduce sexual 'promiscuity' among men who were serving overseas. It was a failed attempt (promoted and pushed by Drs. Kellogg and Graham) but one that was so flooded within media at the time, that it seeped into our every day lives in birthing units around the nation by the 1950s/60s. Many baby boys born at the time were cut before their mothers even held them as perfect, whole babies, or had a chance to say, "No" to circumcision. However, thanks in part to the feminist movement of the 1960s/70s, women started to wake up to the realities of birth and what was happening to them - to their bodies - and to the bodies of their babies. Nurses and other medical professionals began speaking up to expose the old lie that "babies don't feel pain" and as the natural birth movement took hold, women who were awake and conscious for their births and first breastfeeding days began to question circumcision and see first hand how it changed their babies.
Newspaper and magazine articles, as well as books began to be published on the subject of circumcision, and in 1985 The National Organization of Circumcision Resource Centers (NOCIRC) was founded by Marilyn Milos, R.N., in California.
La Leche League International (LLLI) started its efforts in the latter half of the 1950s, and quickly became a trusted resource and refuge for nursing mothers and their babies. Several early authors seem to have been in-the-know on the harmful effect that genital cutting can have on breastfeeding, because cautions were in place in the early editions of La Leche League International's first book, The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding.
Prior to any national organizations gathering information on circumcision, LLLI had 'Circumcision' indexed in the text of its early editions:
When reading the books, expecting mothers learned that (1) circumcision is painful and unnecessary, (2) circumcision is an optional surgery that need never happen, (3) circumcision, even if chosen, can be done at a later date so as not to impair breastfeeding, (4) circumcision can harm bonding between mother and baby, and (5) additional academic resources are available to learn more about the realities of circumcision.
Although factually flawed in some information presented at the time (eg. there is zero medical evidence that supports the myth that a baby is less likely to hemorrhage at 8 days old versus any other time in the newborn's life as coagulation and clotting factors develop slowly over the first 6-12 months of a baby's life and prothrombin levels are at <80% throughout childhood), the following is an excerpt from the 1981 edition of The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding. (1)
ELECTIVE SURGERY FOR YOU OR BABY
If you are going to be in the hospital anyway for the birth of your baby, you or you doctor may suggest that you have some other medical matter attended to. Examples of elective surgery for the mother include stripping the legs of varicose veins or tying the fallopian tubes (tubal ligation). As for the baby, it may be considered almost routine to circumcise boy babies when they are only a few hours or days old. But circumcision is an elective surgery and you have a choice of whether or not to have your baby circumcised. You can also choose to wait a while before having this done. We bring these subjects up because, physically and emotionally, these procedures all take their toll on mother and child. Since they represent elective surgery, their appropriateness at this critical time must be questioned.
Circumcision is as painful a procedure to a newborn as it is to an adult. As a religious rite, circumcision is not performed until the baby is eight days old, when he is less apt to hemorrhage. The reasons given in the past for non-religious, almost routine circumcision of the newborn were generally hygienic and are no longer accepted by many physicians and parents. If you're interested in learning more about this subject, see the Book List at the end of this book.*
The most important reason for siding against elective surgery following childbirth is that it interferes with a mother and her new baby being together and getting to know each other. While a mother may feel very good following the birth of her baby, her body nevertheless has some recovering to do. Adding the strain of recovering from a surgical procedure might lessen her enjoyment of these early days with her baby.
In regard to tubal ligation, there can often be an unexpected emotional reaction in the mother. When it dawns on her that the baby in her arms is her last, there may be feelings of deep sadness. It might become difficult for her to keep a normal perspective on her mothering of this baby. She may become exceedingly anxious about doing everything just right.
Whatever the inconvenience you may experience by postponing such operations for you or your baby, it is slight compared to the upheaval such surgery can cause in your life at this time.
*At the end of the 1981 edition of The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding, Edward Wallerstein's scholarly text, Circumcision: An American Health Fallacy (1980) was listed in the Book List as a recommended resource. Today, there are many more well referenced books available on the study of circumcision and its detriments, and the intact body and healthy purposes of the prepuce organ ('foreskin' or 'clitoral hood'). Research on the subject is far from lacking, which would indicate the availability to provide The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding readers with more, rather than less, resources for further research.
Unfortunately, with the subsequent edition of The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding (1987), any mention of circumcision was omitted from the text. It was dropped from the index, and this section on elective surgery was removed. However, sections before and after this portion of the text remain somewhat similar, even into the 5th Edition (1991) suggesting the removal was deliberate.
The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding is now in its 8th edition (2010). Despite the fact that we now know more than ever about infant pain experience, neurological wellbeing, development and feeding as they pertain to the newborn period, over 30 years later information on circumcision's powerful potential detriment to successful breastfeeding has yet to be re-included in the LLLI text.
The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding (2010) 8th Edition
In response to this absence of information that breastfeeding women deserve to have before their babies are born, a petition was started by one Canadian mother and breastfeeding advocate (not affiliated with DrMomma.org in any manner) urging La Leche League International to once again include said information. You can view and sign the petition here.
Replying to this petition, Diana West, IBCLC, La Leche League Leader and co-author of The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding 8th Edition, writes via Mothering.com, "I want to address the breastfeeding community directly about this petition." She continues:
First, those supporting the petition are absolutely right that there are medical and psychological consequences to circumcision that clearly have the potential to negatively affect breastfeeding simply because most circumcisions are performed in the first week when breastfeeding is particularly vulnerable and research has clearly shown that pain negatively affects breastfeeding.
I haven't yet dug into the research -- is there any particular to this issue? If so send to me at dwest@bfar.org -- But pain from circumcision is documented as an impediment to effective breastfeeding in Nancy Mohrbacher's excellent textbook, Breastfeeding Answers Made Simple (2010, Hale Publishing, page 114t, 116). So for this reason, I and my co-authors Diane Wiessinger and Teresa Pitman, absolutely agree that it should have been included in the 8th edition of The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding.
So why wasn't it?
No conspiracy here. We simply (to our shame) did not think of it. As you can see from the size of the book, we tried to include every single thing we possibly could think of, but that one honestly just slipped by us. We are really very, very human authors (just ask our families!). Also, Nancy's book was published at the exact same time as ours, so we didn't have it as a reference when we were in the writing stage.
We, of course, completely understand that mentioning circumcision in The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding could be construed as mixing causes, but in light of the new documented information we now have about the negative effects of circumcision on breastfeeding, we absolutely will include it in the next edition if we are the authors, framing the discussion in terms of the documented medical and psychology contraindications in the context of breastfeeding FOR THOSE WHO CHOOSE TO CIRCUMCISE FOR NON-RELIGIOUS REASONS so as to avoid mixing causes.
It would not be our intention to comment on religious circumcision, but only on the objective effect of the procedure relative to breastfeeding when it is done for reasons OTHER than religious. So please forgive us for not mentioning this important issue in the 8th edition. It was really just a human error and we are very sorry for it.
Thankfully, there will always be future editions of The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding, because it is a uniquely "living" and ever-evolving book, so we'll absolutely have an opportunity to fix this oversight. In the meantime, if there are other changes that you'd like to see, feel free to send them to me at dwest@bfar.org. We can't promise all issues will be so easy to fix, or that we'll agree with every suggestion, but we absolutely want to hear your thoughts and ideas.
Finally, we want you to know that we appreciate the support of the breastfeeding community more than we can express. Your warm reception of our complete re-write of this revered breastfeeding icon has been so touching to each of the three of us. We thank you all for your passion and dedication to helping breastfeeding mothers and babies. Together, we'll build even better resources for future mothers.
Diana West, IBCLC
La Leche League Leader
DWest@bfar.org
We appreciate West's response to the present absence of information in LLLI's primary text, and hope to see it re-included in future editions. However, we do also wish to note that all babies, female and male, regardless of their parent's chosen faith, are born into this world equally deserving of genital autonomy and fully informed mothers. The implications of circumcision upon a newborn and his breastfeeding success do not only apply to those cutting for one reason versus another. My right to practice my religion ends where another human being's body/rights/wellbeing start -- and this applies to the stranger down the street as well as to the baby in my home. My success in breastfeeding, and the detriments that circumcision may have upon this success, are not nullified as a result of my faith.
Because religion has surfaced (and has been suggested by some to be the reason that circumcision 'disappeared' from LLLI's texts in the first place), and because it seems to be the pivotal point upon which people become uncomfortable in their ability to educate openly and honestly about circumcision and breastfeeding, it is important to highlight the fact that Jewish mothers are just as deserving of information as are mothers of any other faith. What we do with this information is up to each of us. And in fact, there is an ever growing population of Jewish parents and professionals speaking up in favor of genital autonomy for their own sons, and making powerful, compelling points along the way. See:
Judaism and Circumcision Resources
Questioning Circumcision: A Jewish Perspective
Circumcision: Identity, Gender and Power
Jewish Circumcision Resource Center
Jews Against Circumcision
Beyond The Bris
The Intactivist Movement Within Judaism
Faith Considerations on Circumcision (Judaism, Christianity, Islam)
Why shouldn't a new, young, Jewish mother know that circumcision may be detrimental to her breastfeeding relationship, and that she has the option of a Brit Shalom instead of a Brit Milah? Is there any danger that comes in offering up a whole host of options (and research based, medical truths) as they pertain to breastfeeding?
If this is going to be the one area that causes an overall silencing of circumcision / breastfeeding discourse, then let's at least allow for the discussion and voices from within Judaism. There are many to be heard and listened to today. We would, of course, encourage the inclusion of medical and research-based information on genital cutting's impact on breastfeeding in future editions of The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding. But we'd also suggest that authors dive into some of the cultural happenings in related areas as well -- don't assume that all Jewish mothers do not also want (and deserve) this information. There are some of us who are thankful to have had it in our decision making and early mothering days.
Nancy Mohrbacher's comprehensive texts Breastfeeding Answers Made Simple and Breastfeeding Answers Made Simple (Pocket Guide), as mentioned by West in her response, contain information on circumcision's detrimental impact on the breastfeeding relationship. Mohrbacher is also co-author of the excellent book, Breastfeeding Made Simple -- a book that we highly recommend new nursing moms read before their baby's birth day. It is a superb text to use in understanding breastfeeding and baby basics, as well as to proactively ward off problems and to work through issues and concerns that sometimes surface.
Another book that discusses the implications of circumcision on breastfeeding, specific to multiples, is Having Twins and More by Elizabeth Noble, OB/GYN.
1) Lake, C. & Booker, P. (2004). Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins: Baltimore, MD. pp. 304-316. [Discussion about the myth of clotting happening on/by the 8th day of life and the reality that clotting factors emerge over the course of many months and years in a baby/child's development. If genital cutting is to take place, the best time to do so is when a child has reached adulthood and is healthy and strong enough to undergo the surgery by his/her own choosing.]
The Effect of Circumcision on Breastfeeding http://www.drmomma.org/2009/12/effects-of-circumcision-on.html
Breastfeeding and Circumcision [DrMomma] http://www.drmomma.org/2009/11/breastfeeding-circumcision.html
Circumcision Increases Breastfeeding Complications http://www.drmomma.org/2009/11/circumcision-leads-to-breastfeeding.html
Circumcision and Breastfeeding [Circumstitions] http://www.circumstitions.com/Nursing.html
Circumcision, Breastfeeding and Bonding [CIRP] http://www.cirp.org/library/birth
Circumcision and Breastfeeding [The Milk Mama] http://themilkmama.com/2011/05/03/circumcision-and-breastfeeding
The Big Breastfeeding Coverup: Circumcision Censorship http://lifesasaladbar.blogspot.com/2011/06/big-breastfeeding-cover-up-circumcision.html
Books, Boobies and Big Business http://lifesasaladbar.blogspot.com/2012/03/llli-books-boobies-and-big-business.html
LLLI Breastfeeding / Circumcision Information Petition http://www.petitiononline.com/170211FM/petition.html
Circumcision Harms Breastfeeding advocacy shirt https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=427229633958631&set=a.196873073660956.55556.196862966995300
Breastfeeding/Circumcision Meme: http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=403941822958278&set=a.324857987533329.82696.166998263319303
Breastfeeding Resource Page http://www.drmomma.org/2009/08/books-for-breastfeeding-mother.html
Circumcision Resource Page http://www.drmomma.org/2010/01/are-you-fully-informed.html
Anna Lahr, CLC, Director of PPN Oahu and Co-Director of Intact Hawaii, shares a moment with her little one while wearing a 'Circumcision Harms Breastfeeding' shirt from Made By Momma. Lahr recently presented information on circumcision at Hawaii's large New Baby Expo event, which garnered the encouragement of Dr. William Sears, M.D.
Info cards available at Etsy:
Anna Lahr June 11, 2012 12:22 PM
Thank you for calling more attention to this. I feel like it is such a disservice to moms (of all faiths) to omit information that could prevent breastfeeding difficulties. Circumcision is obviously harmful in many ways but when it comes to breastfeeding, which is universally encouraged by all major health organizations, there are very few people out there speaking up. It's unfair to every mother/baby pair that seeks to be successful. Everyone knows that education and support are two of the biggest factors in breastfeeding success and by hiding this information the integrity of support organizations is called into question. LLLI needs to put their moms first and put this information BACK into circulation.
Lanna M July 18, 2012 4:24 AM
Anna! I saw a quote by you on peaceful parenting that I love and have shared:
"Personal experiences of defying the odds, or not experiencing difficulties, does not equal absence of risk. It isn't an opinion that something carries risk, it IS an opinion to say you don't believe something carries a risk because you managed to get by without issue."
I thought it would apply to some I've heard who say their baby nursed 'just fine' despite circumcision... There are so many more I've talked to who had a lot of problems. :(
Anna Lahr July 18, 2012 3:54 PM
That's actually exactly what I was referring to when I said it, Lanna! It's just so applicable in may other areas as well.
Patricia Torngren June 17, 2012 9:37 AM
Thank you so much for speaking up about this. Circumcision has become a contentious issue, but I do think that we should speak up, and also encourage LLLI to do the same. Not mentioning it in the latest Womanly Art is sad, and I can only hope that when the next edition comes out, they will discuss it again. After all, the book is about what helps or negatively impacts breastfeeding, so parents need to know that circumcision may impact the breastfeeding relationship.
Anonymous July 01, 2012 6:03 PM
I wish I read this before I had my son. I've had regrets the very next day.
Robin Giossi July 18, 2012 5:08 AM
Honestly fighting back tears, and a possible break down, right now. I was classified "unable to breastfeed" after trying very hard for months and now reading this I can clearly see this is where I went wrong, where it all went down hill. I see now that when my son was circed it damaged our bond and any success we had with breastfeeding. Why wasn't I told about this?? Why wasn't I warned by the people who have my son's and my life in their hands?? Why can't we hold these men and women of the health industry accountable for either negligently or purposefully not telling their patients that circumcision can not only cause death, sensitivity, and a million other things but ALSO could harm breastfeeding?? My mind is blown. I am very AGAINST circumcision (have been for a few years now) but that doesn't change the past. My son will be 6 in October and this is by far the biggest mistake I ever made. This is a guilty feeling mama writing these words.. and you best bet I will try my hardest to spread the word to all mothers so they understand ALLLL of the risks when their son is strapped down and cut. =''[
Rina Joye Bly July 19, 2012 12:08 AM
My first son and I also struggled with breastfeeding due to his circumcision.
He refused to nurse for several hours after the surgery because it was extremely painful and exhausting for him. He feel into a fitful sleep and refused to latch on. That was very scary because he hadn't peed in quite a while, and I was worried he would become dehydrated. When I finally got him to nurse, he urinated for the first time and let go while screamed so hard because it stung so bad. It took about fifteen minutes to get him to latch back on.
For many weeks, latching on continued to be difficult because the discomfort of his open wound interfered with his jaw coordination. Due to improper latch, I ended up with cracked, bleeding nipples and mastitis. The injuries on my nipples allowed for yeast to take over which caused us both to develop thrush. It was pure hell.
Then, there were his penile adhesions which we had to deal with often. Despite proper hygiene, he still developed infections on a regular basis because the delicate mucosa membrane of his glans was in contact urine and feces. Every time these common circumcision complications occurred, he was in pain and breastfeeding would prove very challenging, again.
In contrast, breastfeeding my second son, who is intact, has been so smooth and easy. I do believe that avoiding unnecessary, cosmetic, painful genital surgery has facilitated our strong breastfeeding relationship.
Ammyanne September 05, 2012 12:51 PM
I Signed Petition, & Great Article!!
I didn't circ. my son (just seemed mean). I had to fight with the nurse trying to whisk him away.
My beloved sis-in-law did his diaper once, & retracted his f-skn.("2 clean") & caused him much pain - she thought it's "what u do" c/o popular misinformation.
@Age 6, I took him 2 c our Dr. 4 a potential bladder issue (actually was appendicitis!!). W/out warning/ permission, our Dr. examined my child by retracting his f.skn. (PAINx1000! OMG - sickened just recalling). I hastened 2 explain that retraction's unnecessary & painful, it's attached 2 the glans from birth to (Often) late teens, it's a self-cleaning area / a mucous membrane (sort of the way a vagina is), & early retraction is like pulling back a nail. Amidst my sobbing son (just prior to an appendectomy, we'd soon find out), the Dr. said I was wrong.
I contacted the APA & AMA. They supported the Dr. (of course).
I researched, phoned, interviewed, & thus composed a Cited (AMA/APA's Own lit.), 10-page, near-PERFECT "Letter/Document" to Both APA & AMA, & cc'd the Dr.
SUCCESS!! Dr. faced UNLIKELY suspension but DEFINITE Re-Education!) & I Shared the info assist many other Drs. & Parents.
Many offices were receptive (God-complex?), but a lot Were!
Re: Breastfeeding - my son was taken 2 NICU right after birth (2 counteract the meds administered during labour) & I wasn't 2 c him 'til 10 hrs. later & 3 bottles in. He then refused 2 latch. I felt Very powerless - THEIR o/d'ing of my son & myself wrecked OUR chance 2 breastfeed (as I had fed his older sis, & we both adored it!).
My son'll be 16 this Nov. & told me that his f.skin's Still un-retractable (scar tissue from prior forcible retractions?). We're hoping that when he's OLDER & ready 2 experience romance, maybe it'll retract itSelf (*Possible, according 2 an intact man I know). If not, he May require surgery.
That was my anti-circ. & pro-breastfeeding experience, though not actually related. Thanks for reading...
It's amazing to see so many woman against circumcision. As a mutilated male, it has caused me deep psychological pain to imagine my parents letting me get cut up like that without even properly researching how bad and unnecessary it is. Please keep continuing to spread awareness. I will never forgive my mother for what she has done, until I die. But your children don't have to feel this way!
Ian's Mommy March 09, 2013 1:04 AM
Don't you think you're being a little harsh on your mother? You praise the women who commented before you but did you not notice that half of them did in fact circumcised a son. How can you never forgive your mother when she didn't know she was doing anything wrong? Sad.
Stephanie Smith January 20, 2015 4:12 PM
Wait, mom knew she was removing a body part... mom's lack of protection for her son is to some unforgivable. She broke the bond she should have held beyond precious and betrayed her son.
I'm getting really tired of fixing latch issues brought on, at least in part, by RIC. To make it worse, I warn every damn client that this happens frequently and point them toward information. They all seem interested, then I see them PP and realize what they did to those poor little boys. Of all the booby traps I have to help moms through, this is the one that I have the hardest time handling professionally.
Supermog August 27, 2015 5:55 PM
My mother was ignorant of male genital mutilation, and the doctor was out of date and greedy. My prepuce was drastically shortened, when I reached puberty it became obvious that sex had been spoiled. now my penis is good only as a urine spout, no orgasms for many years. I was cut at 5months, I had breast fed up until then, then I refused the breast and was put on cow milk. Genital cutting went out of fashion in the UK shortly after, my son was left intact and suckled normally for 12 months before HE decided to wean. Girls are legally protected against genital mutilation, it is high time that boys are protected as well. Circumcision was invented to diminish sex, and to humiliate him, it does both, but it will be many years before he learns this.
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Lab investigations are an important part of the AP Environmental Science course. Given the 25 labs expected by the College Board and the number of students taking the class, this project sought to evaluate the increase in student understanding of environmental lab concepts from alternative debriefing methods used instead of lab reports. Four classes used different methods - use of preview materials before the lab, small group whiteboard presentations about a specific part of the lab experience, class discussion after the lab, and no treatment - to process the same lab experience rather than doing lab reports. After the treatment, students took a quiz over the lab content. Scores on the quiz were compared to determine from which treatment students better understood the associated concepts. The treatment methods rotated between classes so that each class used each of the approaches three times. Students in the class using the whiteboards had the highest class-average seven of the twelve times and were ranked second for another three trials. A possible reason for the effectiveness of the whiteboard is the small group discussion may increase the mental stimulation necessary for learning and memory.