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The Importance of Talking About Periods
By	Katy Thornton	/	November 3, 2020
There's a huge importance of talking about periods, for the blatant fact that they affect half the earth's population. Yet, there has always been this taboo when it comes to talking about them, and this creates the dangerous perception that they are not normal, or that they are to be suffered in silence. It can mean someone doesn't speak up if they are having more severe pain than usual, it can make them uncomfortable when it comes to asking for help. Even in today's modern world, where anything and everything is discussed in such explicit detail, periods are something people still shy away from.
Here's why there needs to be an emphasis in talking about periods.
Endometriosis: The silent attack on women (misdiagnosis and treatment in Ireland)
Health System in Ireland: All the Information You Need
What is a period?
Periods are completely natural. They can affect girls as early as eight years old, and many women experience them into their fifties, when menopause hits. For half a woman's life, they will have to deal with their menstrual cycle, once a month, for up to a week, and so it seems unusual that they're still something that are whispered about.
A period is when a female's uterine wall sheds, causing her to bleed for several days. It happens two weeks after ovulation, if the woman hasn't gotten pregnant during her ovulation period.
A girl usually gets her period between the age of 8 and 16, it depends on the individual entirely. The lack of a period, or the disappearance of one's period can suggest a health issue, such as rapid weight loss or gain, and if you're worried you should contact your GP. However, periods differ for everyone, and while for some they can be easy to deal with, others can find them very difficult and painful.
The problem with this is that because some can find them incredibly easy to deal with, this perpetuates the idea that they're not that bad, when for some people, particularly those who deal with difficulties such as endometriosis, they can cause you to miss work or school.
If you're trying to prepare your child for their first period, read more here.
Tampax Ad
In August there was a tampon ad shown on Irish televisions that was banned due to 84 complaints. An ad that, instead of masking periods showing women playing tennis in bright white clothing or something equally as unrelated to having a period (I think I speak for the majority of women when I say these ads fill me with rage), actually informed the watcher of how to insert a tampon. There were no graphic images of vaginas, or anything that would be inappropriate for a child to see, and yet, because of 84 complaints (there are 4.9 million people in Ireland for scale), it was taken off the air. As seems to be the norm nowadays, people were offended by the ad. You can read more about this outrage and the return to "Catholic Ireland" in this Irish Times article.
How can someone be offended by learning about something that half the planet has to experience on a monthly basis, for a period of up to 11 days, depending on your cycle. When it seems like we've come leaps and bounds from the ways of the past, it is this kind of malarkey that reminds us that, once again, we have a long way to go.
The worst thing about this is that tampons, although completely safe when used correctly, can be extremely daunting for young girls who are just starting out. This fear can extend well into adulthood, and it is rooted in, as many things are, a lack of knowledge and transparency. Some girls are too nervous to try to use one alone, and too nervous to ask for help. This ad sought to put those fears at ease, to provide empowerment for those who probably feel anything but empowered the first time they have to face using a tampon. And to add insult to injury, it was deemed too vulgar to have on television. This simply just doesn't send the right message.
Irish Youtuber Melanie Murphy spoke up when the ad was banned – hear what she has to say in her video "'Offensive' Tampon Ad Banned & We Need To Talk About It."
Tampons are safe, but they do come with safety guidelines, for example, they shouldn't be worn for longer than eight hours to avoid toxic shock syndrome, or TSS. This can be life-threatening, although that's rare, and it is important young girls, or anyone who is starting to use tampons, know this and ensure they're taking the necessary precautions. Removing an informative ad from television only further blocks people from learning the necessary knowledge about periods in order to get through it. Banning this ad only enforces the mindset that this is something we shouldn't talk about, and talk about openly. If there are ads for breast-feeding, condoms, Viagra pills, then why shouldn't there be an in-depth ad on periods and tampons?
Common symptoms of TSS to watch out for:
Lips, tongue, and whites of eyes turning red
Other Ways of Coping With Periods
Tampons are not the only route to go when dealing with your period. Although they are what is most commonly used, they don't work for many people, particularly those with conditions like vaginismus, which is when someone has difficulty with a foreign or manmade object entering their vagina. This can often be psychological, a fear which causes the vagina to tighten or clamp up, another reason why talking about periods is essential.
There are also sanitary pads, that stick into your underwear, period underwear, which soak up the blood without causing leakage, or, the most environmentally friendly, moon cups, which are reusable. It is important to find what works for you, as with everything else in life, not one size fits all. There can be a sense of shame induced around not using tampons, but at the end of the day it is entirely up to you what you want to use.
Talking About Periods with Men
Talking about periods is not only important for those who will experience them. It is difficult for men to understand menstruation and what it is like, and when everyone remains so tight lipped about it, it leads to complete ignorance that's not entirely their fault. Not every man has sisters who will experience periods, and even those who do may never witness the difficulties they can face on a monthly basis. I know personally that my period is not something I'd ever discuss with my brother or my father, as I too have felt in the past like it is something I shouldn't discuss. When I needed to take painkillers to dull the cramps, I'd tell my dad that I had a headache. When I was bent over double in school with the pain, I'd say it was just a stomach ache. There should be nothing wrong with simply saying, "I'm on my period" and yet as a teenager, I couldn't force the words out of my mouth. Talking about periods should be as easy as saying "I have a headache" or "I have a cold," and if it is normalised to talk about with men at a young age, then the stigma behind it should begin to disappear.
I'm a 24-year-old female meaning I've been dealing with my period for 11 years. At the tender age of 13, I looked into the toilet bowl and realised I had begun my period. What was at first excitement quickly turned to dread – I had no idea what to do next. My sister, only four years older than me, provided me with sanitary pads and off I went. For the first few months, I was fine, filled with a sense of womanhood.
Then, about six months later, I experienced my first "bad" period. I was out shopping with my grandmother, and suddenly was overcome with period cramps (which do not feel like anything else I've ever experienced) and I was unable to walk. I began sweating profusely and thought I was going to vomit; I couldn't believe this could only be down to my period. But it was, and after then, every time my menstrual cycle began, I'd have to pray an attack of cramps, which was guaranteed at least once in the 7-10 days my period would last, would happen in the comfort of my own home, because there was no concentrating in school if it happened there.
I didn't have it as bad as many women do – now I suffer from one or two bad days and regular paracetamol does the job for me. Many women experience it much worse. It is something they have to work into their schedule, to account for when making plans. It's difficult to say to your boss "sorry I'm going to be on my period that week, so I may not be able to make that meeting because I may or may not be in agony with cramps." And that's just for women who have regular periods – that doesn't account for those who never know when their period is going to arrive. I'm someone who has had it relatively easy, and even at that, I've ended up in the nurse's office in school, or crippled for hours with cramps that won't go away. I have learned to live with it, as all women must, but the burden would be easier if we could talk about it more.
Even in writing this article, I am censoring myself, believe it or not. I am censoring my anger and frustrations in how this monthly issue for so many people on this planet is still considered taboo, and is still causing ads to be banned. Is still not openly talked about with men unless it's in a science or SPHE class. I'm censoring putting more explicit images of period blood, opting instead for an abstract art-piece despite it just being blood at the end of the day (and I refuse to put a picture in that shows that non-descript blue liquid that is meant to mimic period blood in the ads on television). I'm angry about pink tax, but that is an article for another day. We have come so far with so many things, and talking about periods is simply another one that we need to emphasise for the sake of girls everywhere, so no one has to feel frightened or uncomfortable when that time comes for them. Because at the end of the day, if women didn't have periods, they couldn't give birth, and what is more natural than that?
Why are young people gardening? Behind the new #PlantParents
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The Meteoric Rise of the Hilarious Irish Rowing Brothers, Paul and Gary O'Donovan
Jan 12, 2021 / By	Melanie Romero
Food trends in 2021: from bee pollen to lab-grown meat
Jan 12, 2021 / By	Mark Comerford
Katy is a Creative Writing graduate from UCD who freelance writes and is currently working on her debut novel.
John Hume: Architect of the Peace Process
"Tír gan teanga, tír gan anam" – the cultural significance of the Irish language
5 Top Endometriosis Myths and Misinterpretations
EU's Post Covid-19 Recovery Plan and What It Means for Ireland
Chromesthesia: Listening to Music in Colour
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Disco revolution: how disco liberated society in the 1970s
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Babylon Radio - Multicultural community. Helps integrate into Irish life. Celebrating Cultures, Promoting Integration. Information for migrants Ireland
Copyright © 2018 Babylon Radio


As funny as it might sound students are your employer as a teacher, so being one your goal is make sure your employer is happy with you. The first impression of students on you stays on their mind for as long as you interact them so as teacher you need to make a good one. Students at the start are shy of a new teacher they don't feel comfortable expressing themselves before you and as a teacher your main challenge is first tackling the tension which make students view you as unfriendly.
Teacher can handle such situation by introducing themselves and talking briefly about their past experience to their students. This goes a long way in creating a long term working relationship with your students, it gives them power to be open to share with you in case of challenges thus creating open communication lines. Cleaver teachers go even to long extend of bonding with students at class level so as to understand each and every students strengths and weakness.
Students may not say it to you as new teacher but they need someone who is organized so you need to know your point and how to handle your work. This ensure that the student first see you as role model or a figure they can emulate. When it comes to teaching it's good to have your notes made in systematic manner which allow the smooth flow of ideas. Students will surely be studying too so they learn a lot and at times pop questions at you which you never expected. The best way to approach such situations is to allow the students to share their ideas this allow them expand their thinking as they also grow their public speaking skills.
Creativity is something a teacher need to install on students at the early stages so as a new teacher don't down play that. Students who are nurtured to be creative have fun at most at school so as teacher this becomes a ground on which you can gel with your students as their imaginative self comes out. Sports and play to be in general allow new teacher to know students even better. Engaging students by joining them as they play having fun while playing soccer or their favorite sport which ever that might be make them trust you more. This is because you make them work as a team making them one.
The bond between student and teacher never stop growing because as students face challenge they will always need someone to confide so it might as well be the new teacher who they have started having grudges with. New teacher has the best shot at creating a better working rapport and build broke bridges of trust between student and teacher which might have existed before. Students soon learn to seek shelter under your wings of wisdom and school becomes smooth place to work even as a new teacher.


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A contemporary art gallery in the heart of Wales Oriel Davies is the largest and most significant visual arts venue in the region and a key gallery of Wales, showing groundbreaking national and international art and craft. Free Admission
about ODG
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Oriel Davies invites everybody to come and listen to the Lifebulb Community Choir as they bring christmas congs to the gallery, from all around the ... more >
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The Park, Newtown
Email: desk@orieldavies.org
1-2 January
Open 9.30-3pm Saturdays
28 December and 4 January
Open 10-5 December 30 + 31
Open 10-5 January 3
Opening times return to normal on 6 January
The Knife Angel
Next Exhibition: Gareth Griffith
Oriel Davies Gallery © Mark McNulty
Admission to Oriel Davies Gallery is always free.
The Gallery is open Monday to Friday 10am - 5pm. Saturday 10am -5pm
The Café closes at 4.00pm.
The Café, Shop and Meeting Room always remain open during changeover of exhibitions.
Oriel Davies Gallery is located in Newtown, Powys - a pretty and lively town in rural mid Wales. The Gallery is situated next to the coach station and main car park, overlooking the town park. The full postal address for Oriel Davies Gallery is: Oriel Davies Gallery, The Park, Newtown, Powys SY16 2NZ
From Newtown train station which is about a 7 minute walk, take the footpath opposite the station exit and alongside the supermarket down to the main road (New Road). Cross straight over at the lights and continue up New Church Street. Cross at the pedestrian crossing into the park. The Gallery is beside the park, on the right hand side. From the town centre, walk to the end of High Street or through the Bear Lanes shopping centre towards the Bus Station. Oriel Davies Gallery is located between the Bus and Coach Station and the park.
Keep on the A483 (New Road) into Newtown, and turn into New Church Street, besides a large Church building. After 600m, turn left into Newtown's Back Lane car park which is pay-and-display. Oriel Davies Gallery is located just 50 metres from the car park on the edge of the town park. There are two blue badge holder spaces at the side of the gallery. It is advisable to phone in advance if you wish to reserve these spaces.
The nearest train station is Newtown (Powys) operated by Arriva Trains Wales and is a 7 minute walk to Oriel Davies Gallery. Direct train services run from: Birmingham (1hr 40mins), Shrewsbury, (40mins), Telford (1hr), Wolverhampton (1hr 20mins), Aberystwyth (1hr 20mins) and Machynlleth (1hr 40mins). To plan your journey to Newtown, please visit National Rail Enquiries. www.nationalrail.co.uk
By taxi
Taxis can usually be found at the taxi rank outside the station. There are a number of local cab companies, including Station Cars (01686 621818) and Goldstar Services (01686 628895). For wheelchair accessible taxis, please ring Dial-a-Ride (01686 622566) who normally need 24 hours notice.
By bus and coach
Oriel Davies Gallery is located immediately adjacent to the Newtown bus and coach station and is well served by local and national bus routes to many towns including Shrewsbury, Wrexham, Llandrindod Wells, Kington, Montgomery and Llandovery, as well as National Express coach services to further destinations such as London, Birmingham and Aberystwyth.
For detailed information about local and national bus and coach services, visit www.carlberry.co.uk, ring Traveline Cymru (0871 200 2233) or visit www.nationalexpress.com
Coaches can be parked immediately adjacent to Oriel Davies Gallery in Newtown's main car park at Back Lane in designated coach spaces. There is a daily charge.
Oriel Davies Gallery is revenue funded by the Arts Council of Wales and Powys County Council.
All images on this website are © Oriel Davies Gallery or the artists unless otherwise stated.
application for tx tax id . Go to that page and read all about Cat Goes Fishing latest update . gazebo tent

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Advanced Fire Sprinklers has the products, services and experience to deliver comprehensive fire and life-safety solutions for the commercial sector. We help protect people and property in office complexes, high-rise towers, corporate campuses, malls and retail businesses throughout North America. We handle new construction projects as well as retrofits and upgrades.
Our capabilities for commercial facilities encompass the full spectrum of life safety solutions: fire alarm, fire sprinkler, fire suppression, emergency communications, integrated security, and special hazards systems and services. We provide everything from small, standalone systems to networked, enterprise-wide solutions. For those networked solutions, we can provide advanced life-safety information management systems that monitor and control multiple panels and buildings from a single location.
We complement our fire and life-safety systems with high-quality testing, inspection, maintenance, repair and central monitoring services. Rather than take a one-size-fits-all approach to the life-safety challenges in the commercial market, Advanced Fire Sprinklers customizes our solutions to fit your needs, schedule and budget. We even offer competitive financing options for qualified projects.


Slate laid off five staffers last week, two of whom were leaders of a unionization effort at the left-leaning news operation. Those affected by the layoffs include politics editor Tommy Craggs, senior editor Rachael Larimore, associate editor Laura Anderson, finance columnist Helaine Olen, and podcast producer Mike Vuolo. Slate also ended its contract with parenthood writer Elissa Strauss.
Last week's layoffs came as a shock to Slate staffers, who had previously been told not to expect layoffs, according to current and former Slate journalists who spoke with CJR on condition of anonymity. Those affected had their email and office chat accounts cut off immediately, leaving some remaining journalists feeling demoralized.
Turner held a newsroom meeting to discuss the news, telling staff that the layoffs were made mainly for financial reasons. But she said the company plans to hire a new politics editor to replace Craggs. One staffer said employees learned who had been laid off by noting who had disappeared from the office Slack channel. Turner was asked if the layoffs were related to the union drive. She denied it was a factor.
The layoffs were first reported by Huffington Post.
Justin Molito, the guild's director of organizing, declined to comment on whether WGAE is involved in Slate's unionization drive, but he spoke to CJR about the recent wave of unionization in digital newsrooms. In the past month, staffers at both MTV News and Thrillist have moved to unionize, choosing WGAE as their collective bargaining representative. WGAE also represents The Huffington Post, VICE, Gizmodo Media Group (formerly Gawker Media), Fusion, The Root, ThinkProgress, and Salon.
Some of the goals of the union drives are equitable pay and benefits, protection of editorial freedoms, and transparency in newsrooms.


This guy is a great story, a long shot prospect from a rough background goes to a small school and shines taking them to the big stage of the NCAA tournament. He shows a phenomenal effort on the floor and has a good demeanor about him. To go along with the feel good story Faried is a legit prospect. Faried is the best rebounder college basketball has seen in years. Calling him an aggressive player is a huge understatement. Kenneth has the mentality and body to be a force around the basket or anywhere on the court for that matter. At 6ft8 and a chiseled 225lbs, Faried plays with a ton of explosion, he gets off the ground quickly, with good body control, and tremendous strength, rarely does he get his hand on the ball and not control it. He also has good fundamentals and the will that a rebounder needs. Offensively he does not have a lot of polish, but with his will and athleticism he is an efficient finisher down low and finds a way to get buckets from offensive rebounding and running the floor on fast breaks. He seems to have the body and mentality to be a good screen setter in half court. Defensively he has great upside; ferocious, athletic, strong and willing to lock down his opponent. He also makes plays as a help defender, getting lots of blocks and steals.
Negatives for Faried will be his level of competition and lack of offensive polish. Looked at as a PF in the NBA but does not have ideal height and bulk. Doesn't have go to moves in the paint, lacks an efficient mid range game and below average FT shooter.
Faried is a different prospect, and Dennis Rodman is a fitting comparison. He is a great athlete, but translates it more to rebounding, defense and hustle play rather than a one on one game or outside shooting. He may be an offensive liability in the NBA, but I believe a team that already has scoring will benefit greatly. Faried has the defense, desire and rebounding to make up for his offensive limitations. I wouldn't be surprised if he starts for an NBA team right away and becomes a defensive and rebounding star.


Does Care Castle offer the following services?
Does Courtyard Plaza offer the following services?
Does Livewell Residential Care Home offer the following services?
Does Leisure Village offer the following services?
Does Vip Guest Home offer the following services?
Van Nuys assisted living communities provide those in the Van Nuys, CA area a senior housing option that allows for independent living while also providing helpful assistance when needed in a senior community.
Seniors in Van Nuys can move on from the responsibility of managing and maintaining one's own home and choose to live in one of the 25 Van Nuys assisted living facilities that offer supervision and assistance with activities of daily living when needed.


Direct reduction iron is the low carbon porous substances formed by fine iron powder or iron oxide in the furnace through low temperature reduction. The content is stable and has fewer impurities which are used as raw materials of steel making for electric arc furnace; it could be the coolant in reformer steelmaking and also be used for powder metallurgy after secondary reduction.
At present, the advanced production technology is to use the reducing gas in the furnace for direct reduction; the key of this process is to provide suitable reduction gas. In the condition of sufficient natural gas to form the reduction gas through reformer furnace, similar to hydrogen reformer furnace.


Costa Rica's South Caribbean region offers visitors beautiful beaches, lush tropical vegetation, superb birding, and a strong mix of cultures combining people of Jamaican, Indigenous, and European ancestry.
The region has indigenous communities that visitors are welcomed to tour where they can enjoy birding, hiking, cacao ("chocolate") plantation guided tours, viewing iguana farming and learning how the local residents live. In the seaside communities of Cahuita and Puerto Viejo, the local culture and cuisine reflect the population's Jamaican roots.
This area's cuisine, quite different from the nation's central and western regions, frequently uses coconut milk to favor the traditional dish of rice and beans. Also popular are dishes featuring local fish, lobster, shrimp, green fried plantains known as patacones; plantain tarts and rondon soup, and all are delicious! A local delicacy is "Pan Bon", a tasty sweet bread and regional specialty Inland from the coast farms produce beef cattle and export crops of pineapples and bananas in vast plantations.
With light sandy beaches backed by lush jungle vegetation and bordered by coconut palms, the national parks of Cahuita, Gandoca and Manzanillo, offer visitors hiking trails, beaches for sunbathing, warm water for swimming and coral reefs to snorkel around. The parks and surrounding region also offer visitors great birding year-round (the late September-early November period during the North American fall migration period is a particularly rewarding time of year). The South Caribbean also has a unique sloth refuge where visitors can see these unusual, slow moving creatures up close!


text:
package fr.acinq.eclair

import fr.acinq.eclair.TestConstants.feeratePerKw
import fr.acinq.eclair.blockchain.fee.{FeeEstimator, FeeratePerKB, FeeratePerKw, FeeratesPerKw}

class TestFeeEstimator(initialFeerate: FeeratePerKw = feeratePerKw) extends FeeEstimator {
  private var currentFeerates = FeeratesPerKw.single(initialFeerate)

  // @formatter:off
  override def getFeeratePerKb(target: Int): FeeratePerKB = FeeratePerKB(currentFeerates.feePerBlock(target))
  override def getFeeratePerKw(target: Int): FeeratePerKw = currentFeerates.feePerBlock(target)
  override def getMempoolMinFeeratePerKw(): FeeratePerKw = currentFeerates.mempoolMinFee
  // @formatter:on

  def setFeerate(target: Int, feerate: FeeratePerKw): Unit = {
    target match {
      case 1 => currentFeerates = currentFeerates.copy(block_1 = feerate)
      case 2 => currentFeerates = currentFeerates.copy(blocks_2 = feerate)
      case t if t <= 6 => currentFeerates = currentFeerates.copy(blocks_6 = feerate)
      case t if t <= 12 => currentFeerates = currentFeerates.copy(blocks_12 = feerate)
      case t if t <= 36 => currentFeerates = currentFeerates.copy(blocks_36 = feerate)
      case t if t <= 72 => currentFeerates = currentFeerates.copy(blocks_72 = feerate)
      case t if t <= 144 => currentFeerates = currentFeerates.copy(blocks_144 = feerate)
      case _ => currentFeerates = currentFeerates.copy(blocks_1008 = feerate)
    }
  }

  def setFeerate(feeratesPerKw: FeeratesPerKw): Unit = {
    currentFeerates = feeratesPerKw
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A new report by Ahmad Noorani for The News claims that Haqqani's missing Blackberry 'could significantly help CIA, Mossad and RAW'. However, a quick review of the facts suggests that this is nothing but more sensationalist media fear mongering.
Husain Haqqani was summoned to Pakistan on 16th November 2011. landed in Islamabad on 20th November 2011. A few days later, the Supreme Court barred Haqqani from leaving the country. A month later and the former Ambassador could not even leave PM's House, much less the country. And there he sat until the Supreme Court lifted the ban on travel on 30th January.
According to another report by Ahmad Noorani, Husain Haqqani instructed the Attorney General for Pakistan to direct Embassy staff in Washington to locate the device and deliver it via diplomatic pouch.
In an extraordinary development Pakistan's ex-ambassador to US Husain Haqqani has instructed the Attorney General for Pakistan to direct the staff at Pakistan's embassy in Washington to search his Blackberry Blackberrys from his luggage and dispatch them in a diplomatic bag to Pakistan, lawyer of Haqqani, Syed Zahid Hussain Bokhari confirmed to The News.
A few days later, the Attorney General informed the commission that despite a thorough search, officials were unable to locate the Blackberry device in either the Embassy or the Ambassador's residence.
While Haqqani was under virtual arrest, officers were instructed to search both the Embassy and the Ambassador's residence for the missing device. Can there be any doubt that every inch of both buildings was overturned in the quest? Still, officials claim they did not find it. Perhaps they didn't. Perhaps the Blackberry remains sitting in some drawer or overlooked under a pile of papers. But that can hardly be the fault of a man who was sitting under virtual house arrest for more than two months over 7,000 miles away.
Ahmad Noorani's latest report is supposedly based on the concerns of anonymous "Foreign Affairs Ministry officials", but it should be noted that none of these officials point to any actual sensitive information being compromised. Neither does the report quote any officials from security agencies warning that any sensitive information had fallen into the hands of 'CIA, Mossad and RAW' or that a missing Blackberry could even present such a grave threat to the national security.
The timing of this report should also raise eyebrows. As noted previously, Husain Haqqani requested officials to send his personal Blackberry via diplomatic pouch over three months ago. If the device presented such a security threat, why was it not a security threat three months ago when Ahmad Noorani reported that officials were unable to locate it? Does it really set a security threat? Or is it just a convenient headline?
Perhaps it is worth considering another recent report, this one discussing a new survey that revealed "most Pakistanis feel the local media spreads negativity, is sensationalist and is sponsored by political parties". If there is legitimate evidence against Husain Haqqani, it will be worthy of a news report. Until then, however, the public does not need to be fed empty speculations about hypothetical security threats. In short, facts please. Or is that just too much to ask?


text:
To Save A Huge, 24-Armed Sea Creature, Scientists Become Loving Foster Parents
On an island off the coast of Washington state, scientists have resorted to breeding sunflower sea stars in a lab. It's a desperate attempt to save the endangered animals from disappearing completely.
Jason Hodin hauls up a rope that's hanging from a dock in the waters off San Juan Island in the Pacific Northwest. At the end is a square, sandwich-size Tupperware container, with mesh-covered holes in the sides to let water flow through. Hodin pulls off the lid and peers inside at some crushed bits of shell. He points to some reddish-orange dots.
"See that? That little dot right there in front of my finger?" Hodin says. "That's a juvenile sea star that's about a month old."
It's only the size of a poppy seed. But when this baby is all grown up, it could be as big as a manhole cover. That's because this is Pycnopodia helianthoides, aka the sunflower sea star. It's one of the biggest sea stars in the world, with an arm span that can be more than 3 feet across, and it used to be a common sight in the waters off the West Coast.
Now, though, it's critically endangered and is being driven toward extinction by a mysterious, devastating disease.
This is why Hodin and his colleagues at the University of Washington's Friday Harbor Laboratories have spent the last two years figuring out how to raise this species in captivity. It's an act of desperation born out of the hope that someday, lab-grown sunflower sea stars could be reintroduced into places where this species has disappeared.
Dennis Wise / University of Washington
Jason Hodin, research scientist at the University of Washington's Friday Harbor Laboratories, works in the sea star captive rearing lab. The sunflower sea star breeding program is a partnership between the university and the Nature Conservancy.
This voracious predator used to prowl the waters across a nearly 2,000-mile range, from Alaska to Baja California. Their brightly colored bodies — which come in vivid shades of orange, pink, blue and green — would move along the seafloor on as many as 24 arms, gobbling up mussels and scallops and sea urchins. Their consumption of sea urchins, in particular, helped to protect vital forests of kelp, which are home to numerous marine species.
In recent years, however, populations of the sunflower sea star have declined by 80% to 100%. In California, "sunflower sea stars are more than 95% gone," Hodin says. "Some people think that they are entirely extinct in the wild down there. I've heard scattered reports of people maybe seeing a few."
This species seems particularly susceptible to a wasting disease that's hit more than 20 sea star species since 2013. Hodin says the sick sea stars are horrible to behold. "I witnessed it, and it's not pretty," he says. "They really do kind of like dissolve into a pile of goo."
In 2019, Hodin says, the Nature Conservancy approached him about the possibility of setting up a program to breed sunflower sea stars. He'd already been interested in the basic science of sea stars because of the way they are able to transform themselves from bilaterally symmetrical larvae to juveniles with five-sided symmetry. He agreed to try raising large numbers of sunflower sea stars to adulthood, even though no one had tried to do anything like this before.
Adult sunflower sea stars feed on mussels at the Friday Harbor Laboratories. Shells from earlier meals collect at the bottom of the tank. The sea star on the bottom, called Charlotte, is the mother of the lab's 1-year-old juvenile stars.
"For this species in particular, there were very few published efforts to raise them at all, even through embryo or larval stages," Hodin says.
He didn't know the answer to some of the most basic questions, such as what did this species eat early on? And how fast could it grow?
"Nobody knows how to age a sea star, so you see something in the wild and you have no idea how old it is," Hodin says. "It could be 2 years old. It could be 50. It could be 100."
His team started by taking some sunflower sea stars from the wild. About 30 of these giants now live outside the lab in large, burbling tanks.
"I didn't really anticipate how exuberant their behaviors are," Hodin says. "You get to know them, and you get to know them individually. We noticed early on that we could tell them apart by their color patterns. And we gave them names."
A lot of their names are linked to their colors. Prince, for example, has arms with tips that are purple.
An arm of an adult sunflower sea star has numerous orange and white tube feet that it uses for walking, breathing and sensing.
"This here's Deep Blue, and she's our biggest," researcher Fleur Anteau says as she feeds the sea stars by gently tucking mussels under their arms. "Some of them, when I open the cage, will basically really start moving their arms to the surface, like Olga here. Some of them are a little shyer."
Even the shy ones suddenly come to life once they clutch a mussel. They hunch over the prey so they can swallow it whole. "When food comes, then you really see the predator come out," Anteau notes.
Pointing to the red eye spot at the end of each arm, she adds, "They're looking at you. They don't have eyes like us, but they can see a light-and-dark kind of vision."
This lab has figured out how to get sperm and eggs from the wild-caught adults and grow up their offspring. The oldest sea stars they've produced are now nearly a year and a half, and they are about 3 inches across.
The lab only has about a dozen young sea stars that have reached this stage. But considering how little was known at the start — and the fact that they had to work out their techniques during a pandemic that restricted who could go to the lab — Hodin says he feels lucky to have gotten that many.
"We're assuming that by next year, they might be reproductive, based on ones that we've seen in the field," Hodin says. "It's good news that they can grow relatively quickly."
Left: Hodin, the research scientist who is leading the captive rearing program, prepares to view sea star larvae under a microscope. Right: Sunflower sea star larvae, born in mid-January, are seen under a microscope. The dark oval shapes are stomachs.
Having learned the tricks needed to raise these sea stars, the research team's new goal is to produce up to 1,000 more young stars. The lab is full of glass pickle jars that contain larvae, and food containers that hold the poppy seed-size juveniles.
Hodin says that first, lab-grown sea stars could be put into the local waters, where their parents came from, to test how well they fare in the wild. If that goes well, it might be possible in the coming years to try to restore populations off the California coast.
But the danger of sea star wasting disease could still be out there.
"I would say at the outset that it's critical to understand more about what's killing them before trying to put them back," says Drew Harvell, a professor emeritus with Cornell University who is also a researcher at the Friday Harbor Laboratories.
Currently, she says, scientists disagree on the nature of the killer. Some blame an infectious agent, such as a virus, while others point to warming oceans or other environmental changes.
"It's extremely controversial," says Harvell, author of a book called Ocean Outbreak: Confronting the Rising Tide of Marine Disease. She believes there's a lot of evidence that sea star wasting disease is infectious.
This month, she and her colleagues are starting new lab experiments to test that idea. In a fish pathogen lab, extracts from sick sea stars will be injected into seemingly healthy ones. She'll be using sunflower sea stars since they are so susceptible.
"These are difficult experiments to get to run consistently, and so if you try to do them with a species that is somewhat resistant, sometimes just nothing happens," Harvell says.
Even if scientists never are able to figure out what causes this illness, she says, eventually it could still be worth trying some kind of reintroduction of captive-bred sea stars to the wild.
"At some point we would just have to probably go forward," Harvell says, "even though scientifically that wouldn't be the very best plan."
Hodin wishes he knew whether the sea stars his lab is raising are susceptible to the disease. He's constantly on the lookout for any signs that his beloved animals are falling ill. "We hope they don't get it obviously," he says.
He uses a pair of tweezers to tenderly feed a tiny mussel to one of the young sea stars. It curls its arm around the treat.
"Their adult-like behaviors are starting to emerge at these small sizes, and that's been really fascinating to watch," says Hodin, who adds he feels a deep attachment to all of the animals that he's raised. "I think of myself as their foster parent. I'm caring for them and trying to optimize their growth and watching them grow."
He says he even dreams about them. Just the night before, he'd dreamed of being surrounded by water in a house-size version of one of their tanks.
US / WorldMorning EditionNPR Top Stories


Why, hello. Part of my brain is still on vacation and the part that is remaining is focusing on work and surviving a lingering cold. No brain power has remained for blogging until today.
I saw this 2012 racing summary on Kim's blog and Lindsay played along as well. I thought it would be fun to see how I did this year.


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Alexander Payne's Downsizing is a sci-fi parable for modern times
Alexander Payne has a lot on his mind. In his new film, Downsizing, he presents an intriguing solution to climate change and the world's population crisis, imagining an alternate reality where people have the opportunity to literally shrink themselves thus increasing the value of their assets and dramatically reducing their carbon footprint.
On paper it sounds like the kind of socially-conscious sci-fi parable Spike Jonze might cook up – something new, then, from the acclaimed writer/director of bittersweet, homespun comedies like Nebraska and The Descendants. Thematically speaking, Downsizing looks to be Payne's most ambitious work to date, while a principal cast of Matt Damon, Kristen Wiig and Christoph Waltz suggests that the film will be aiming for some familiar comic notes.
In our first-look review from this year's Venice Film Festival, we called the film "an escapist fantasy far from the grim absurdities of Trump-era America." The film doesn't yet have a release date, but we're expecting it to land sometime in early 2018. Take a look at the first official trailer and share your thoughts with us @LWLies
Tags: Alexander Payne Christoph Waltz Kristen Wiig Matt Damon
Downsizing – first look review
By Ed Gibbs
Alexander Payne's gentle satire has a point to make about the state of the union – and the future of planet Earth.
festivals Venice Film Festival
A confident return to the feature filmmaking fold from Alexander Payne featuring a champagne turn from George Clooney.
Suburbicon – first look review
George Clooney directs this timely and terrifically twisted fable set in 1950s suburban America.


From despair to elation, experience a full breadth of emotions with a programme dedicated to Russia's best-loved composer. The high drama of the Dante-inspired Francesca da Rimini is succeeded by one of the most lyrical of all violin concertos, in which the orchestra is joined by the award-winning Jennifer Pike. Finally, the richly-scored Symphony No. 5 brings the concert to a thrilling close.
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On October 3rd 2K released NBA 2K19 for iOS, and it brought with it an online match play mode that's entirely new to the mobile series. As you can imagine, online play is a big addition for a game centered around a competitive sport. Well, 2K has finally gotten around to releasing the Android version, and what do you know, it is oddly missing the new online mode that iOS users received. Past that glaring omission, you can expect the regular yearly improvements, such as simplified controls, a new soundtrack, and a couple of new gameplay modes.
Another year, another NBA 2K release. This time around there are a few notable changes to the mobile version of NBA 2K18. You can expect a couple of additional gameplay controls, an eclectic mix of tunes from around the world, an expanded script in the career mode, and a new multi-season mode that gives you the opportunity to control a franchise's future and become the next NBA dynasty.
2K is back again with this year's version of MyNBA2K. As always, this collectible NBA themed card game is available as a companion app to the ever popular console version of NBA 2K18. You can expect an all new redesign to the app, along with 300 new cards for the NBA's 2017-2018 season.
Every year console sports fans get a new NBA-branded basketball game from mega-publisher 2K. And for the last several years running, Android has been blessed with an official companion app. Sort of. See, MyNBA2K isn't just a companion app that tells you when your buddies are ready to play, et cetera. It's also a free-to-play mobile game that, oddly, depicts computer-controlled battles between digital playing cards. Oh, and there's a big currency system behind it all, driving $100 in-app purchases. Of course.
Borderlands: The Pre-Sequel is probably the most technically challenging game on the SHIELD TV right now, and by extension, on Android as a whole. It's also the third entry in the popular shooter-looter series... but in terms of critical and fan appeal, it's a notable step below the game that preceeded it. Well there's good news today, Borderlands fans: Borderlands 2 is finally available on the SHIELD Android TV (though it's not showing compatible with the SHIELD Tablet at the moment). It's $15 on the Play Store with no in-app purchases.
Borderlands: The Pre-Sequel, the third entry in the shoot-and-loot PC and console series, came to the NVIDIA SHIELD Android TV earlier this year. Even with a significant delay, it's the most technically challenging game on the SHIELD and probably on Android as a whole. That said, it's not as good as the previous entry, Borderlands 2. The Pre-Sequel has a bit of a been there, done that feel to it: the story is a bit ham-fisted, the weapons and environments seem like retreads, and there are too many Space Australians. If you agree, you'll be happy to hear that Borderlands 2 is also coming, according to an announcement made at E3 today.
This is the fourth of five total episodes, so things are starting to heat up for our protagonists Rhys and Fiona.


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We have extensive experience handling appeals from jury verdicts, trial court decisions, and administrative rulings involving both state and federal courts and agencies. We handle issues on appeal ranging from land title issues, mineral disputes, and billion-dollar commercial transactions to public and private contracts, complex business litigation, and civil rights disputes. We have brought and defended appeals before the Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana Supreme Courts as well as the Claims Court, D.C. Circuit Court, and the Ninth and Tenth Circuit Courts of Appeal.
For information on our particular expertise in oil & gas litigation, see Oil & Gas Litigation
REPRESENTATIVE APPEALS:
Successfully represented respondent before Wyoming Supreme Court in case involving title dispute in Campbell County, Wyoming. Comet Energy Services, LLC v. Powder River Oil & Gas Ventures, LLC.
Obtained successful emergency interlocutory appeal to Colorado Supreme Court resulting in Supreme Court vacating adverse order from trial court. City of Colorado Springs Colorado v. Walker Ranches LLLP.
Obtained successful trial judgment to enforce the exercise of an option to repurchase oil shale properties in the Piceance Basin. The Colorado Court of Appeals and Supreme Court affirmed. Whiting Oil and Gas Corp. v. Atlantic Richfield Co.
Successfully upheld dismissal of exploration corporation's antitrust action against energy companies. Riviera Drilling & Exploration Co. v. Gunnison Energy Corp., et al.
Successfully represented the City of Colorado Springs in two appellate cases arising from one property acquisition addressing new issues pertaining to eminent domain law in Colorado. City of Colorado Springs v. Anderson Mahon Enterprises, LLP, 251 P.3d 536 (Colo. App. 2010) and City of Colorado Springs v. Anderson Mahon Enterprises, LLP, 260 P.3d 29 (Colo. App. 2010).
Successfully defended appeal before Montana Supreme Court on behalf of national oil and gas company defending leasehold correlative rights). Gwynn v. Klabzuba Oil & Gas, Inc.
Powder River Basin Resource Council, et al. v. Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., 320 P.3d 222 (Wyo. 2014).
Successfully defended appeal before Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals of summary judgment granted in favor of City and City employees regarding claims of First Amendment retaliation. Craig Hedquist and Hedquist Construction, Inc. v. Andrew Beamer, John Patterson, and the City of Casper, 763 Fed.Appx. 705 (10th Cir. 2019).
Successfully defended appeal before Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals of District Court decision to dismiss case based on specific and general jurisdiction. Keunzle v. HTM Sport Und Freizeitgarate AG, 102 F.3d 453 (10th Cir. 1996).
Successful defended insurer in seminal first and third party insurance bad faith case before Wyoming Supreme Court. Gainsco Insurance Co. v. Amoco Production Co., 53 P.3d 1051 (Wyo. 2002).


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Home Arrest Detainees Disappeared and Tortured by an Armed Opposition Faction in Daraa
Detainees Disappeared and Tortured by an Armed Opposition Faction in Daraa
The Incident of the Killing of the Defected Colonel Zidan Nsierat
SNHR has released a report entitled: "Detainees Disappeared and Tortured by an Armed Opposition Faction in Daraa" which documents an incident of arrest that turned into enforced-disappearance and then severed torture which resulted in death which is the incident of the death of the colonel Zidan Nsierat inside a detention center for "Shabab Al Sunna squad" faction in Bosra Al Sham city in Daraa governorate due to torture and negligent health care.
The report is based on the information provided by the victim's family, judges at the Justice House, and armed opposition elements which SNHR contacted. Additionally, this report draws upon SNHR archive which records arrest and torture incidents and practices.
The report asserts that these cases are rare at the armed opposition detention centers so it must be highlighted and condemned in order to expose the perpetrators of these crimes and call on the political opposition to try to deter them and even hold them accountable and drain their funding resources.
The report notes that in early 2016, colonel Zidan Nsierat headed the negotiation with the Syrian regime in Izra' city in the suburbs of Daraa which was intended to be the bases for a truce in Ibta' town. Colonel Zidan Nsierat was chosen by the town's residents and prominent figures. Some of the residents told us that they had to work on a truce with government forces who took over nearby areas from Ibta' town and the threats they made to raid the town in case they turned down the truce. The agreement made with the Syrian regime by colonel Zidan Nsierat stated that the town is not to be bombed, aids to enter the city, and the town detainees to be released by the Syrian regime.
Furthermore, the report says that days after the truce and the reconciliation were done with the Syrian regime, "Sanad Houran" battalion which is related to Shabab Al Sunna squad, an armed opposition faction led by an individual named "Ahmad Al Ouda", arrested the colonel Zidan Nsierat along with two others on 28 February 2016. The other two were part of the negotiation delegation with the regime where the arrests were made over charges of treason.
The report includes accounts by the victim's family, Justice House in Houran, which confirmed that colonel Zidan Al Nsierat died due to torture three days after he was arrested in Borsa Al Sham prison. As of this writing, "Shabab Al Sunna squad" faction refused to hand his dead body to his family and buried it in an undisclosed location.
In addition, the report records similar incident of victims who died due to torture and people who were assaulted and beaten by the same faction "Shabab Al Sunna squad" in Daraa.
Lastly, the report calls on the Syrian opposition to condemn torture and enforced-disappearance practices, work on holding all those who were involved accountable, insure the victims' and their families' right to a proper redress, conduct legal training workshops for the officials in charges of the detention centers and interrogation in order to raise their awareness on detainees' rights. Additionally, the report calls on the Security Council to refer the Syrian case to the International Criminal Court, hold all the perpetrators accountable, instill peace and security in Syria and implement the norm of the Responsibility to Protect. Moreover, the report notes that the Syrian regime's impunity against crimes encourages other groups and dictatorships to commit crimes which is the Security Council's responsibility.
SNHR Condemns the WHO's Use of Cham Wings Airlines, Which Is Involved in Supporting the Syrian Regime's Egregious Violations
The Most Notable Human Rights Violations in Syria in December and for All of 2020
At Least 1,882 Cases of Arbitrary Arrest/ Detention Documented in Syria in 2020, 149 of Them in December: Detainees Include 52 Children and 39...
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The Syrian Network for Human Rights is a non-political organization that affirms its commitment towards international standards, declarations, and conventions of human rights of the United Nations.


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«РД-270» (Ракетный двигатель 270, 8Д420) — советский жидкостный ракетный двигатель (ЖРД) производства ОКБ-456. Является развитием первого в истории некриогенного ЖРД РД-253 с закрытым циклом, применяемого на РН «Протон» («УР-500»).
Топливом служат высококипящее горючее несимметричный диметилгидразин и окислитель тетраоксид диазота. Использует схему полнопоточного закрытого цикла с дожиганием окислительного и топливного газа; благодаря давлению камеры сгорания 264,5 атм (одному из самых больших из применяемых на 2009 год в ЖРД) — обладает очень большим показателем эффективности двигателя, удельным импульсом на поверхности Земли, равным 301 c.

Предназначался для использования на первых ступенях альтернативной лунной ракеты «УР-700». Работы над двигателем были завершены 31 декабря 1970 года вместе с прекращением работ над ракетой-носителем. Разработка была остановлена на стадии доводочных испытаний и существуют только пробные двигатели.

На 2009 год является самым мощным однокамерным ракетным двигателем, который когда-либо разрабатывался в СССР и России.

Конструкция
Двигатель имеет пределы дросселирования тяги 95-105 %, возможность управления вектором тяги в пределах ±12° (проект «Р-56») и диапазон ±8° по проекту РН «УР-700». Коэффициент массового соотношения компонентов окислителя к топливу составляет 2,67 и может изменяться на 7 %.

Из-за необходимости обеспечения высокого удельного импульса и давления в камере сгорания, РД-270 использует замкнутую схему с полной газификацией компонентов, что достигается применением двух турбин с камерами предварительного сгорания, в одной из которых сжигается переобогащенная топливом смесь, а в другой переобогащенная окислительная смесь. По двум независимым контурам под управлением контроллера двигателя проходит всё потребляемое топливо, переходя в газообразное состояние. После этого окислительный и топливный генераторный газ поступают в камеру сгорания для дожигания. Такая схема носит название «газ-газ», так как оба жидких топливных компонента газифицируются перед подачей в камеру сгорания.

Из-за наличия двух газогенераторов (камер предварительного сгорания) и 2 ТНА которые шли в одну камеру и работали параллельно, наблюдались низкочастотные пульсации в газогенераторе и камере. Основная проблема в синхронизации совместной работы двух ТНА. ТНА пытались пересилить друг друга, стабилизировать их без помощи БЦВМ не удалось. Данную проблему смогли решить только через 10 лет в двигателе RS-25 используя БЦВМ.

В силу необходимости усиленного охлаждения РД-270 во время работы, в конструкции камеры сгорания был введен пояс дополнительного пленочного охлаждения с 4 щелями, а на самых теплонапряженных участках сопла применено покрытие диоксидом циркония.

История
Разработка двигателя РД-270 была начата 26 июня 1962 года под руководством В. П. Глушко и к 1967 году предварительные исследовательские работы были закончены.
В период 1967—1969 годов проводились огневые испытания экспериментальных двигателей, с укороченным соплом и без регуляторов. Всего было проведено 27 испытаний 22 двигателей. Три двигателя испытывались повторно, а один – трижды. На этом этапе работы над двигателем были закончены из-за сворачивания советской лунной программы и, в частности, работ по семейству РН «УР-700».

В ходе разработки двигателя модификация РД-270М испытывалась на предмет возможности использования топлив с теоретически высоким удельным импульсом в паре с тем же окислителем, что и у базового двигателя. В качестве топлива был выбран пентаборан. Было подтверждено увеличение удельного импульса на 42 с по сравнению с РД-270.

В рамках работ по другой лунной ракете, Н-1, существовал проект модификации РД-270К, который должен был быть выполнен по той же схеме, но с использованием компонентов РГ-1/кислород (см. РД-170) — данная модификация не могла быть доведена до успешно испытанных изделий по той причине, что в данном случае для работы двигателя с высоким удельным импульсом оказалось достаточно применить схему ЖРД частичного замкнутого цикла с дожиганием окислительного газа.

См. также
 Серия «УР» (Универсальная ракета)
 Ракета-носитель «Н1»
 РД-253
 РД-264
 РД-170 — более мощный четырехкамерный двигатель на керосине

Ссылки
 К истории разработки жидкостного ракетного двигателя рд-270 для ракеты-носителя УР-700
 RD-270 // Astronautix.com - Encyclopedia Astronautica

Примечания

Ракетные двигатели
Ракетные двигатели Советского Союза
Ракетные двигатели России

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Lawmaker wants to approach Evergreen with 'carrot and stick'
Protesters at The Evergreen State College in 2017. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)
A Washington state lawmaker is promoting legislation in response to Evergreen State College's controversial spring quarter. If passed, it would not only impact Evergreen's campus but universities across the state.
"I think that with a carrot and a stick we can get good reform at Evergreen State," Representative Jim Walsh told KIRO Radio's Dori Monson.
RELATED: Patriot Prayer holds rally at Evergreen State College
Walsh is sponsoring HB 2223, which requires Washington's colleges to adopt policies of free speech and anti-student-on-student harassment. It's a response, he says, to Evergreen State College's lack of true diversity.
"I'm glad we have a diversity of left-wing opinion in our colleges," Walsh said. "I don't mind that Evergreen exists and is here. But they have to commit to true, open debate. I don't mind we have a left-wing institution here, as long as they engage honestly."
"I look at the administration here, it's not just the profs; they are loading the dice, they are stacking the deck so it's not a fair exchange of ideas on our campus," he said. "The fact that it's a so-called 'hippy school,' I don't mind that. But I don't like the fact they are rigging debate there."
The digest of HB 2223 states:
Requires each governing board of an institution of higher education to adopt a policy that affirms certain principles of free speech, which are the public policy of this state.
Requires the policy to be made available to students and faculty annually.
Requires each institution of higher education, with respect to disciplining students for their speech, expression, or assemblies, to adopt a policy on "student-on-student harassment" which is defined as unwelcome conduct directed toward a person that is discriminatory on a basis prohibited by federal, state, or local law, and that is so severe, pervasive, and objectively offensive that it effectively bars the victim's access to an educational opportunity or benefit.
The road to HB 2223
The issues surrounding Evergreen State College over last spring have brought the college plenty of attention in its hometown of Olympia — attention from lawmakers who want to defund the school. It began when a professor objected to a "Day of Absence" event which encouraged white students not to attend classes for a day. The day was aimed at being an educational experience about racial disparities. But Professor Bret Weinstein argued it did not teach the proper lesson.
The objection caused outrage and protests, as well as violent threats which shut down the campus. Some at the school said that the campus devolved into "anarchy" and that some students were, by legal definition, "kidnapped and imprisoned." Professor Weinstein sued the college over the incident. The case was recently settled for $500,000.
Walsh argues that the tense spring at Evergreen is the result of a college administration that is not truly educating students, rather, only emphasizing one perspective. At the same time, he says, it shuns debate and does not encourage an open mind. Walsh likens it to "newspeak" in George Orwell's "1984" — where terms often mean the opposite.
"It's the most narrow-minded, close-minded worldview you can imagine," Walsh said of Evergreen. "And they dress it up in words like 'diversity,' or 'openness' and 'safe space.' When in fact, like in George Orwell's famous books, it's the opposite – they are not fostering true diversity. They are not fostering open dialogue and a safe space for debate. They are closing their minds to all of that."
"I want them to become classically liberal, which is truly open-minded to multiple perspectives and opinions," he said. "And I hope that is what they become. But if they don't, if they don't clean their act up, if they don't reform how they engage with their students and their community, the option, of course, is to defund them and let them try to make a go as a private college."


Aspiration is Capital-"F" Friends with Mozilla Service Week!
Aspiration is delighted to be working with Mozilla on Mozilla Service Week, taking place September 14-21, 2009.
We'll be hosting trainings at the San Francisco Nonprofit Technology Center to train other nonprofits on essential online strategy and data security topics.
Read more about Aspiration is Capital-"F" Friends with Mozilla Service Week!
We love the work of grassroots and social justice organizations doing advocacy and community work in rural parts of California around issues as diverse as water safety and health to worker's rights and violence prevention.


My servers will offline for about 24 hours starting Aug 30th to the 31th.
The last time I posted news to this site was the end of 2013. That's over 2 years. In case you're wondering, I still exist!
Back then I had just released a new Darwin's World adventure and it was also the time of many personal changes, many of which have prevented me from doing much on the game front. First, I left my full time job and became a freelancer. It's been a big success for me, but I took on a lot of projects over the last 3 years, so time for games has been short. Also, I had another kid, my fourth, so there's that.
Despite my lack of time, the site has remained in operation and people continue to buy games and use the web apps I developed years ago. I'm really surprised how active it remains despite that I haven't released any new books or added new features in nearly three years. Thanks everyone!
Now that I'm firmly back into self employment mode, I'm hoping to get back to games. But I also need to change this site to reflect my current life. RPGObjects is not just my publishing name, it's also my business name, as well as the identity of most of my online activities (github, g+, etc...). So my immediate goal is to clean up this site and have a place for everything that matters. While I hope to post new blogs about gaming or some new book I'm editing, I also want somewhere to post about android development or an upcoming event I'm speaking at (like Devfest MN).
I have some goals I hope to achieve in 2016 both in publishing as well as for this site, but I'll leave that for another post.
In the meantime, just a reminder, I still exist.
I ran my second event today. But before that, I managed to get to the main hall and take a few more pictures. I didn't catch nearly enough cosplay.
My event went great. Three players from Jon's Woodland's Savage World event filled the three empty spots.
Day 2 I was suppose to run an event, but not enough people showed. Maybe I should take that as a sign to stop running d20 modern Darwin's World events. Jon's Savage World's Darwin's World games are both sold out.
With my free time I collected Ore and Sheep playing Aeroplanes and Lords of Vegas. Both games are worth buying.
I also visited the miniature gaming hall. The pictures I took aren't close enough. Going to try and visit again tomorrow for more close ups.
Didn't take a ton of photos today. I explored the exhibition hall and then got waylaid in the Mayfair Games gaming tables. I felt compelled to get all the Mayfair gaming ribbons (sheep, brick, wheat, stone, wood). I got three of the five Day 1. Played Urbania, Alchemist, and Star Trek Catan. Of those there, only Urbania was worth buying.
One very odd trend. Lines to get into the booths of some gaming companies, like Fantasy Flight. And those lines were long and slow. Seriously, a line just to see stuff to buy? Sort of ridiculous.
Updated the website with some changes I've been working on. Nothing major. Just a new header and home page layout.
If you encounter any problems, please let me know asap (webmaster at rpgobjects.com).


Starting your own automotive repair shop or automotive workshop is the dream of good mechanics everywhere. People skills are paramount in this business and a caring helpful personality as well as a love for your job are prerequisites when starting an auto repair shop the right way. The directions on the primer indicated that it would dry to the touch in an hour but requires 24 hours in good conditions for the finished paint application. It is easy to go too far with the grinder and then you will have an epoxy/chip repair problem to deal with also. We directly serve five vehicle assembly plants, distribute imported vehicles from the West Coast and Gulf of Mexico and operate or access more than 40 vehicle distribution centers for all major automotive manufacturers. With a focus on innovation, green technology and emerging markets, Ssangyong aims to become a global automaker of repute. Our integrity of work and your satisfaction are the most important parts of our business.


text:
CMA Awards Air Tonight Live From Nashville
Wednesday, November 14th, 2018 8:44am
Garth Brooks To Premiere Love Song For Trisha During CMAs
Tonight is Country Music's Biggest Night. The 52nd annual CMA Awards are taking place at Nashville's Bridgestone Arena. They'll air live on ABC. Carrie Underwood and Brad Paisley will return to host the awards show for the eleventh year in a row. Jason Aldean, Miranda Lambert, Dierks Bentley and Garth Brooks are among the dozens of performers.
Garth Brooks fans are anxiously awaiting the premiere of his new song dedicated to Trisha Yearwood. The country crooner plans on singing the song to his wife during the CMAs tonight. Yearwood has never heard the song, but she'll be center-stage for the performance.


Located on Munn Road in Saanich and features a quiet old growth park of gentle woodland trails, wildflower meadows, and access boardwalk trail. The park also boasts a new and improved wheelchair-accessible trail, the Elsie King Interpretive Trail, which features hard-packed gravel paths and boardwalks with trailside signs to enhance your outing in the park. Facilities include washrooms, parking, picnic tables and a nature house that is open from noon to 4 pm on weekends and holiday Mondays .
Frances King Regional Park can be reached by taking Douglas Street north to Burnside Road. Turn left and follow Burnside until you reach Prospect Lake Road. Turn right and follow Prospect Lake Road to Munn Road.


The essays in this volume situate Merleau-Ponty's thinking in the last decade of the twentieth century, both with regard to general context and with regard to specific themes. These are original contributions which reconfigure traditional patterns of thought by means of a plurality of styles which reflect each author's response to Merleau-Ponty's incomplete vision. The text opens with a new vision of space and proceeds to reorient traditional structures of thinking in ethics, psychology, political theory, axiology, language theory, metaphysics, textuality, semiology, and aesthetics. Through this procession one witnesses currently emerging views of subjectivity, objectivity, location, locution, and personal style as these themes have evolved through the deconstructive critique. Contributors include Edward S. Casey, Duane H. Davis, David Michael Levin, Alphonso Lingis, G. B. Madison, Joseph Margolis, Hugh J. Silverman, and Jacques Taminiaux.
M. C. Dillon is Professor of Philosophy at the State University of New York at Binghamton. He is also the author of Merleau-Ponty's Ontology and numerous journal articles on topics relating to Merleau-Ponty's thought.


Joel came to ABS in 2018 as our Structured Cabling Inventory Manager. At an early age, he started a small landscaping company which sparked his interested in heavy equipment and driving large trucks. He then went to Trucking School and pursued that passion for five years, until a motorcycle accident prevented him from driving for two years. During this time, he began managing warehouses that held mostly construction equipment, but most recently- a wine distribution warehouse.
Outside of work, Joel is a true outdoorsman. He enjoys hunting, hiking, camping, and almost anything outside. He has traveled to various National Parks in the western United States. He especially enjoys spending time in the summer on Philpott Lake.
When asked why he chose ABS, Joel tells us the best thing about his job is the people. "They make me feel like I belong here" he says.


1. There shall be regular members, life members, honorary members, absentee members and guest members.
a. Regular membership shall be held by those women who pay the annual dues as stated in the By Laws, at the beginning of the fiscal year.
c. Honorary membership shall be held by the wife of the current Prime Minister, the wife of the current Minister of Foreign Affairs, Female Ambassadors, Past Presidents of the Club, wives of resident Ambassadors, or wives of Chargé d'affaires until an Ambassador and his wife for that country are resident in Bangkok.
d. Absentee membership shall be granted to members who, after having notified the Membership Director in writing, will be out of Thailand for more than one year, and wish to continue their membership. During that time, no dues will be required.
e. Guest membership shall be granted to women who are visiting Thailand for not more than three months. They shall pay a specific sum as stated in the By Laws.
2. Transferring membership from another International Women's Club: The applicant must have been a member in good standing of an International Women's Club, and must fill out the proper application from. She then may be admitted directly upon presentation of former membership credentials to the Membership Director.
3. Anyone who is willing to conform to the objectives of the Club and who is willing to contribute her time and effort to its projects shall be eligible for membership. Women desiring to become members will be required to make application for membership on the official form provided by the Club. They must be sponsored by at least two members of the Club. Any member of the Club may sponsor a maximum of two new members during a fiscal year.
b. Any members, failing to pay her dues by January 31 of the fiscal year shall be sent a notice from the Membership Director stating that her name shall be removed from the Club Roster unless her dues are paid within thirty days.


Fountain Valley will loan a developer $6.4 million interest-free to build a 50-unit affordable-housing complex along Harbor Boulevard.
The City Council unanimously agreed Tuesday night to loan Related Cos. of California the money to buy a privately owned 2-acre site at 16790 Harbor. The parcel is currently a fenced parking lot adjacent to an auto mechanic shop.
Construction could begin in late 2020 or early 2021, said City Manager Rob Houston, who described the city as a "silent partner" in the deal.
If the developer defaults or its plans are unsuccessful, the city will take the deed to the property. Related Cos. has 60 years to pay back the loan.
Related did not immediately return a call seeking comment Wednesday.
The state requires cities to plan for lower-income housing using money from a locally administered "low and moderate housing asset fund." Fountain Valley has about $12 million in its fund, feathered by the 2017 sale of four city-owned acres on Warner Avenue at Newhope Street. The Warner land was supposed to be used for affordable housing but hit a snag because of legal constraints on the property's title, leading the city to look elsewhere.
The Southern California Assn. of Governments determined that Fountain Valley needs 358 new housing units for all income levels built between 2014 and 2021. Of those, 207 must be for people with "extremely low," "very low," "low" and "moderate" incomes. "Low income" in Orange County is defined by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development as 80% of the area median income of $84,450 for a family of four or $58,450 for a single person living alone.
At of the end of 2017, no units had been built in the "extremely low" to "low" range, and only a handful of new accessory dwelling units, or "granny flats" — apartments attached to or within existing single-family homes and considered a type of affordable housing — came online in 2018, city staff said.
All of the Related project's residents will be in the "extremely low" to "low" income range, with "extremely low" being 30% of the area median income and "very low" at 59.5%. Eight of the units will be supportive housing to keep recently homeless people from going back to the streets.
Celeste Brady, the city's affordable-housing legal consultant, told the council the city risks legal action by housing advocates if the city doesn't satisfy its state guidelines.


text:
/*
 * Conseil national de recherche Canada 2004/ National Research Council Canada
 * 2004
 *
 * Créé le / Created on Nov 22, 2004 par / by Benoit Farley
 *
 */
package fonts;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FilenameFilter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.util.Vector;

import fonts.ngrams.Ngram;

import utilities1.Util;

import script.TransCoder;

public class Font {

    public static String[][] legacyFonts = {
        { "nunacom", "nunacom" },
        { "prosyl", "prosyl" },
        { "aujaqsyl", "aujaqsyl" },
        { "aujaq2", "aujaq2" },
        { "aujaq", "aujaq" },
        { "tunngavik", "tunngavik" },
        { "ainunavik", "ainunavik" },
        { "aipainunavik", "aipainunavik" },
        { "aipainuna", "aipainunavik" },
        { "naamajut", "naamajut" },
        { "oldsyl", "oldsyl" },
        { "tariurmiut", "tariurmiut" },
        { "emiinuktitut", "emiinuktitut" },
    };
    static Hashtable fontsCorrespondancies = null;
    public static String[] fonts = null;
    static {
        fontsCorrespondancies = new Hashtable();
        fonts = new String[legacyFonts.length];
        for (int i=0; i<legacyFonts.length; i++) {
            fontsCorrespondancies.put(legacyFonts[i][0],legacyFonts[i][1]);
            fonts[i] = legacyFonts[i][0];
        }
    }

    // Polices inuktitut unicode.
    public static String[] fontsUnicode = {
            "pigiarniq", "aipainunavik", "uqammaq", "nunacomu", "ballymun ro",
            "aipainutaaq"
    };

    private static String packageName = new Font().getClass().getPackage()
            .getName();

    public String name;

    char[][] unicodesAcodes;

    public static Method getTranscoder3(String fontName, String direction) {
        Class fontClass = getFontClass(getFontName(fontName));
        if (fontClass == null)
            return null;
        Method mth = null;
        try {
            if (direction.equals("ToUnicode"))
                mth = fontClass.getDeclaredMethod("transcodeToUnicode", new Class[]{String.class,String.class});
            else if (direction.equals("ToFont"))
                mth = fontClass.getDeclaredMethod("transcodeFromUnicode", new Class[]{String.class});
        } catch (SecurityException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return mth;
    }

    public static TransCoder getTranscoder2(String fontName, String direction,
            String mode) {
        TransCoder transcdr = null;
        Class fontClass = getFontClass(getFontName(fontName));
        if (fontClass == null)
            return null;
        Field transcdrField = null;
        int dir = 0;
        try {
            if (direction.equals("ToUnicode")) {
                transcdrField = fontClass
                        .getDeclaredField(mode.equals("ici") ? "transcoderToUnicodeICI"
                                : "transcoderToUnicodeAIPAITAI");
                dir = 1;
            } else if (direction.equals("ToFont")) {
                transcdrField = fontClass
                        .getDeclaredField(mode.equals("ici") ? "transcoderToFontICI"
                                : "transcoderToFontAIPAITAI");
                dir = -1;
            }

            // Get the transcoder for the font.
            transcdr = (TransCoder) transcdrField.get(null);

            // If the transcoder does not yet exist, create it ans set it.
            if (transcdr == null) {
                // Start with syllables
                String[][] unicodesICItoCodes = (String[][]) fontClass
                        .getDeclaredField("unicodesICI2Codes").get(null);
                ArrayList lst = new ArrayList();
                List lst1 = Arrays.asList(unicodesICItoCodes);
                lst.addAll(lst1);
                // Add digits
                Field digitsField = null;
                try {
                    digitsField = fontClass.getDeclaredField("unicodesICI2CodesDigits");
                }
                catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
                }
                if (digitsField != null) {
                    String[][] unicodesICItoCodesDigits = (String[][])digitsField.get(null);
                    List lst2 = Arrays.asList(unicodesICItoCodesDigits);
                    lst.addAll(lst2);
                }
                // Add other signs
                Field otherSignsField = null;
                try {
                    otherSignsField = fontClass.getDeclaredField("unicodesICI2CodesOthers");
                }
                catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
                }
                if (otherSignsField != null) {
                    String[][] unicodesICItoCodesOthers = (String[][])otherSignsField.get(null);
                    List lst2 = Arrays.asList(unicodesICItoCodesOthers);
                    lst.addAll(lst2);
                }
                // If aipaitai, add those codes
                if (mode.equals("aipaitai")) {
                    Field aipaitaiField = null;
                    try {
                        aipaitaiField = fontClass.getDeclaredField("unicodesAIPAITAI2Codes");
                    }
                    catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
                    }
                    if (aipaitaiField != null) {
                        String[][] unicodesAIPAITAItoCodes = (String[][])aipaitaiField.get(null);
                        List lst2 = Arrays.asList(unicodesAIPAITAItoCodes);
                        lst.addAll(lst2);
                    }
                }
                String[][] unicodesToCodes = (String[][]) lst.toArray(new String[][] {});

                // Get dot codes
                Field dotCodesField = null;
                try {
                    dotCodesField = fontClass.getDeclaredField("dotCodes");
                }
                catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
                }
                String dotCodes = null;
                if (dotCodesField != null)
                    dotCodes = (String) dotCodesField.get(null);

                // Create the transcoder
                if (dotCodes != null)
                    transcdr = new TransCoder(unicodesToCodes, dotCodes, dir);
                else
                    transcdr = new TransCoder(unicodesToCodes, dir);

                // Set the transcoder for the font such that it can be retrieved
                // quickly when required at another time.
                transcdrField.set(null, transcdr);
            }
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
        } catch (SecurityException e) {
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
        }
        return transcdr;
    }

    public static String getFontName(String fontNameFromSource) {
        String fontName = fontNameFromSource.toLowerCase();
        if (fontsCorrespondancies.get(fontName) != null)
            return fontName;
        else
            return null;
//        int i = 0;
//        while (i < fonts.length) {
//            if (fontNameFromSource.toLowerCase().indexOf(fonts[i]) == 0)
//                return fonts[i];
//            i++;
//        }
//        return null;
    }

    public static Class getFontClass(String fontName) {
        Class cl = null;
        if (fontName != null) {
            String correspFontName = (String)fontsCorrespondancies.get(fontName.toLowerCase());
            String fontNameMaj = correspFontName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()
                    + correspFontName.substring(1).toLowerCase();
            String className = packageName + ".Font" + fontNameMaj;
            try {
                cl = Class.forName(className);
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            }
        }
        return cl;
    }

    // Cette fonction détermine si S est membre de POLICES, la liste
    // des polices reconnues représentant des caractères inuktitut
    // avec encodage à 7 ou à 8 bits (pas Unicode).
    //
    // S peut être un nom seul, ou un ensembe de noms séparés par des
    // virgules tel que défini dans un élément html:
    //    nunacom
    //    nunacom, sans-serif, ...
    //--------------------------------------------------------------
    static public String isInuktitutLegacyFont(String s) {
        List fontsInuk = Arrays.asList(Font.fonts);
        return isInuktitutFont(s,fontsInuk);
    }

    static public String isInuktitutUnicodeFont(String s) {
        List fontsInuk = Arrays.asList(Font.fontsUnicode);
        return isInuktitutFont(s,fontsInuk);
    }

    static String isInuktitutFont(String s, List fontsInuk) {
        if (s == null)
            return null;
        String font = s.toLowerCase();
        String subs;
        StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(font, ",");
        while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
            subs = st.nextToken().trim().toLowerCase();
            if (fontsInuk.contains(subs))
                return subs;
        }
        return null;
    }

    public Font() {
    }

    public static boolean isLegacy(String font) {
        if (isInuktitutLegacyFont(font) != null)
            return true;
        else
            return false;
    }

    public static boolean isUnicodeFont(String font) {
        if (isInuktitutUnicodeFont(font) != null)
            return true;
        else
            return false;
    }

    public static String getWordChars(String fontName) {
        String wordChars = null;
        Class fontClass = getFontClass(getFontName(fontName));
        if (fontClass != null) {
            Field wordCharsField = null;
            try {
                wordCharsField = fontClass.getDeclaredField("wordChars");
            } catch (SecurityException e) {
            } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
            }
            if (wordCharsField != null)
                try {
                    wordChars = (String) wordCharsField.get(null);
                } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                }
        }
        return wordChars;
    }

    public static String containsLegacyFont(String [] fonts) {
        String font = null;
        if (fonts != null)
            for (int i=0; i<fonts.length; i++)
                if ((font=isInuktitutLegacyFont(fonts[i])) != null) {
                    return font;
                }
        return null;
    }

    public static Ngram determineFontsByNgrams(String text) {
        Hashtable ngrmsht = new Hashtable();
        loadNGrams(ngrmsht);
        Ngram value = new Ngram();
        for (Enumeration e = ngrmsht.keys(); e.hasMoreElements();) {
            Object fontKey = e.nextElement();
            String font = (String)fontKey;
            Hashtable fontNgrams = (Hashtable)ngrmsht.get(fontKey);
            Set fontChars = null;
            try {
                String packageName = Font.class.getPackage().getName();
                fontChars = (Set)Class.forName(packageName+".Font"+Util.premiereMaj(font)).getDeclaredField("fontChars").get(null);
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e1) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e1.printStackTrace();
            } catch (SecurityException e1) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e1.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IllegalAccessException e1) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e1.printStackTrace();
            } catch (NoSuchFieldException e1) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e1.printStackTrace();
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e1) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e1.printStackTrace();
            }
            computeNGrams(text,font,fontNgrams,fontChars,value);
        }
//        Arrays.sort(fontsByNgrams,new FontsByNgramsComparator());
        return value;
    }

    private static void computeNGrams(String text, String font, Hashtable fontNgrams, Set fontChars, Ngram value) {
        text = text.replaceAll("\\s+"," ");
        Hashtable computed = new Hashtable();
        int ngrams = 0;
        int ngramsFound = 0;
        long totalFreqsNgrammes = ((Long)fontNgrams.get("nbFreqsTotal")).longValue();
        int totalFreqs = 0;
        int ngramsRetained = 0;
        for (int i=0; i<text.length()-3+1; i++) {
            ngrams++;
            String part = text.substring(i,i+3);
            boolean allChars = true;
//            for (int j=0; j<part.length(); j++)
//                if (!fontChars.contains(new Character(part.charAt(j)))) {
//                    allChars = false;
//                    break;
//                }
            if (allChars) {
                ngramsRetained++;
                Integer freq = (Integer)computed.get(part);
                if (freq==null)
                    computed.put(part,new Integer(1));
                else
                    computed.put(part,new Integer((freq.intValue())+1));
            }
        }
        /*
         * 'computed' contient tous les 3grammes de 'text'.
         */
        ngrams = computed.size();
        ngramsRetained = ngrams;
        Vector notFound = new Vector();
        for (Enumeration e = computed.keys(); e.hasMoreElements();) {
            Object part = e.nextElement();
            int n = ((Integer)computed.get(part)).intValue();
            Integer posFreq[] = ((Integer[])fontNgrams.get(part));
            int fr;
            if (posFreq!=null) {
                fr = posFreq[1].intValue();
//                ngramsFound += n;
                ngramsFound += 1;
//                totalFreqs += fr*n;
                totalFreqs += fr;
            } else {
                notFound.add(part.toString());
//                if (font.equals("naamajut"))
//                    System.out.println("font:"+font+"   3gramme:"+part.toString());
            }
        }
        String [] notFoundS = (String [])notFound.toArray(new String[]{});
//        float freqAverage = (float)totalFreqs / (float)ngrams / (float)totalFreqsNgrammes * 100;
        float freqAverage = (float)totalFreqs / (float)totalFreqsNgrammes * 100 / ngramsFound;
        value.add(ngramsFound,ngramsRetained,font,freqAverage,ngrams,notFoundS);
    }

    private static void loadNGrams(Hashtable ngrmsht) {
        Class cl = Font.class;
        Package pk = cl.getPackage();
        String packageName = pk.getName();
        File ngramsDirectory = new File(packageName);
        FilenameFilter3Grams ffng = new FilenameFilter3Grams();
        File files[] = ngramsDirectory.listFiles(ffng);
        for (int i=0; i<files.length; i++) {
            File file = files[i];
            String font = file.getName().substring(0,
                    file.getName().indexOf(ffng.id));
            Hashtable ngrms = null;
            ngrms = readNGrams(file);
            if (ngrms != null)
                ngrmsht.put(font,ngrms);
        }
    }

    private static Hashtable readNGrams(File file) {
        Hashtable ngrms = new Hashtable();
        try {
            BufferedReader in
            = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file),"utf-8"));
            String line;
            long nbFreqsTotal = 0;
            int lineNb = 0;
            while ((line=in.readLine())!=null) {
                if (lineNb==0 && line.length()>0 && line.charAt(0)=='\ufeff')
                    line = line.substring(1);
                lineNb++;
                String posNgramFreq[] = line.split("\t");
                String ngram = posNgramFreq[1];
                Integer pos = new Integer(posNgramFreq[0]);
                Integer freq = new Integer(posNgramFreq[2]);
                ngrms.put(ngram,new Integer[]{pos,freq});
                nbFreqsTotal += freq.intValue();
            }
            ngrms.put("nbFreqsTotal",new Long(nbFreqsTotal));
            in.close();
            return ngrms;
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }

    static class FilenameFilter3Grams implements FilenameFilter {
        public String id = "3gram.txt";
        public boolean accept(File dir, String name) {
            if (name.indexOf(id) >= 0)
                return true;
            else
                return false;
        }

    }

    static class FontsByNgramsComparator implements Comparator {

        public int compare(Object arg0, Object arg1) {
            float f0 = ((Float)((Object []) arg0)[1]).floatValue();
            float f1 = ((Float)((Object [])arg1)[1]).floatValue();
            if (f0 > f1)
                return -1;
            else if (f0 < f1)
                return 1;
            else
                return 0;
        }

    }

    static String[][] nameToCode = new String[][]{
        {"exclam","!"},
        {"quotedbl","\""},
        {"numbersign","#"},
        {"dollar","$"},
        {"percent","%"},
        {"at","@"},
        {"quoteright",""},
        {"parenleft","("},
        {"parenright",")"},
        {"asterisk","*"},
        {"plus","+"},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
        {"",""},
    };
    static Hashtable nameToCodeMap;
    static {
        nameToCodeMap = new Hashtable();
    }

    static void checkForCharacterNames(String fontName, Set fontChars) {
        Iterator iterator = fontChars.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            Character ch = (Character)iterator.next();
            if (nameToCodeMap.get(ch)==null) {
                System.err.println("Le nom de caractère pour le code "+(int)ch.charValue()+" ("+ch.charValue()+")"+" n'a pas été défini pour la police "+fontName+".");
                System.exit(1);
            }
        }

    }

}


text:
2018 Eurovision Reviews – Armenia
Reviews	by eurovisionunion March 25, 2018
Armenia are hands down one of the most consistent nations at Eurovision, with a handful of Top 10 finishes in their relatively short history at the contest. Their best result to date is 4th which was achieved by both Sirusho in 2008, and Aram Mp3 in 2014, and this year, it's up to Sevak Khanagyan to bring Armenia their best result yet, or perhaps even a win?
The Armenian act this year was chosen through a revised selection format of Depi Evratesil, where the artists performed their own songs, rather than using the selection solely to choose the artist. With the fan favourite Tamar Kaprelian failing to reach the final, the competition seemed wide open, and it was Sevak Khanagyan who was chosen with his entry Qami – was this the right choice?
Overall, we weren't overly enthusiastic about the Armenian selection, but out of what felt like a fairly average field, Sevak was the best choice on the night. On first listen, the song was quite simply a nice ballad with potential. It took a few listens, but each time I listened to this track, the more and more I fell in love with the charm of this song.
This is one of the best ballads of the year and features elements which will be sure to capture the Eurovision audiences. Can we hear a hallelujah because we finally get an Armenian entry completely in Armenian language, and quite frankly, we don't know what took them this long to choose something in national language. It adds such character and identity to the song, and although the actual music isn't full on ethno ballad, it still features subtle ethnic elements which actually add something incredibly valuable to this entry.
One of the real highlights of this song is the way that it builds into that last minute. In a sense, it follow quite a similar structure to Aram Mp3's entry Not Alone, where it begins in quite a restrained way, but builds into something punchy and memorable. Saying that, I think Qami could have had more oomph in the final minute, as that is the 'winning' moment of the song.
Another positive about this song is the potential for it to be staged in a way that could really blow the viewers minds. It's the type of song that just lends itself for an epic staging, maybe think the darkness of Kristian Kostov's staging, but mixed with the eye-catching staging of both Iveta Mukuchyan and Artsvik. This could be really epic, and I can't wait to see what they come up with!
All Aboard… the Qami train!
This song gives me goosebumps, and I think this is currently one of the more underrated entries of the year. I see potential for this to be the Jamala of 2018, where the song will emerge on the night as one of the favourites depending on an incredible vocal and stage performance.
Our rating: 9/10
If you support Armenia at Eurovision, make sure to vote for Sevak in our Eurovision 2018 poll! Watch his official video below, and check out our Eurovision 2018 playlist on Spotify.
https://open.spotify.com/user/eurovisionunion/playlist/6Fogs2iQyMAnXBQ4MBH7Jm?si=bJhlNcqyQC6hxyGAOfPdbg
2018ArmeniaEurovisionEurovision 2018Eurovision ReviewQamiReviewSevak Khanagyan
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