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Fox-Amphoux est une commune française située dans le département du Var en région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. Elle fait partie du territoire Haut-Var Verdon.

Géographie

Localisation
Commune située à  de Montmeyan,  de Barjols, 15,7 de Aups et 14,7 de Salernes.

Géologie et relief

La superficie de la commune de Fox-Amphoux est de . Elle compte  permanents.
Elle est composée de trois pôles :
 Le Vieux Fox, ancien castrum médiéval, est perché sur une colline à  d'altitude.
 On y découvre des vestiges de remparts et du château féodal appartenant jadis au duc de Blacas.
 Le village est constitué des rues et ruelles étroites en escalier appelées calades, de maisons anciennes bâties autour de l'église paroissiale Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption.
 Le site offre un panorama sur les hameaux environnants ainsi que sur les montagnes alentour (les Alpes du Sud et le Bessillon) ;
 le hameau d'Amphoux, ancien castrum médiéval ;
 la Bréguière, un quartier dans la plaine, où sont regroupées l'école, la poste, la mairie et la salle polyvalente.

Géologie
Le synclinal de Montmeyan est un fossé d'effondrement orienté nord-sud, attribué au premier mouvement alpin de l'Oligocène, qui s'étend sur  entre Quinson et Fox-Amphoux. Il est rempli d'argiles rouges de l'Éocène inférieur, subdivisées en deux masses par un banc de calcaire lacustre.

Dans cette plaine étroite, bordée de failles calcaires, affleurent des roches sédimentaires d'âge Jurassique et Crétacé. Ces roches renferment des fossiles rares : œufs et ossements de dinosaures, ammonites, poissons et coquillages (potamides).

Hydrographie et eaux souterraines
 1951 : Adduction d'eau hameau Amphoux.
 Cours d'eau sur la commune ou à son aval :
 vallon de Garresse,
 rivière la Bresque,
 vallon de l'Oure,
 ruisseau des Rayères.

Climat
Climat classé Csb dans la classification de Köppen et Geiger.

Voies de communications et transports

Voies routières
 D60 depuis Barjols, D560 depuis Sillans-la-Cascade.

Transports en commun
 Transport en Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Commune desservie par le réseau régional de transports en commun Zou !. Les collectivités territoriales ont en effet mis en œuvre un « service de transports à la demande » (TAD), réseau régional Zou !.

Commune limitrophes

Intercommunalité
La commune fait partie du territoire Haut-Var Verdon. Elle est membre de la Communauté de communes Provence Verdon et du Pays de la Provence Verte.

Urbanisme

Typologie
Fox-Amphoux est une commune rurale, car elle fait partie des communes peu ou très peu denses, au sens de la grille communale de densité de l'Insee.
La commune est en outre hors attraction des villes.

Occupation des sols

L'occupation des sols de la commune, telle qu'elle ressort de la base de données européenne d'occupation biophysique des sols Corine Land Cover (CLC), est marquée par l'importance des forêts et milieux semi-naturels (64,7 % en 2018), une proportion sensiblement équivalente à celle de 1990 (66,3 %). La répartition détaillée en 2018 est la suivante :
forêts (56,9 %), zones agricoles hétérogènes (35,4 %), milieux à végétation arbustive et/ou herbacée (7,8 %).

L'IGN met par ailleurs à disposition un outil en ligne permettant de comparer l'évolution dans le temps de l'occupation des sols de la commune (ou de territoires à des échelles différentes). Plusieurs époques sont accessibles sous forme de cartes ou photos aériennes : la carte de Cassini (), la carte d'état-major (1820-1866) et la période actuelle (1950 à aujourd'hui).

Économie

Entreprises et commerces

Agriculture
Fox-Amphoux tire ses ressources de l'agriculture, de l'élevage et du tourisme.

La cave coopérative vinicole L'Union date de 1912.

Tourisme
Plusieurs structures d'hébergement existent sur la commune : une auberge dans le Vieux Fox, des gîtes ruraux et des chambres d'hôtes.

Commerces
Un atelier de vitrail est installé à Fox-Amphoux.

Toponymie
Le castrum de Fors est cité pour la première fois en 1097, dans le cartulaire de Saint-Victor de Marseille. Amphoux est la forme provençale correspondant au français Alphonse, du germanique Adalfuns (adal = noble + funs = impatient).

Le gentilé des habitants de Fox-Amphoux est Foxois.

Fox-Amphoux s'écrit  en provençal de norme classique et  selon la norme mistralienne.

Histoire

Préhistoire et Antiquité
Dès l'âge du bronze, l'homme installe son habitat à l'intérieur de grottes qui dominent la vallée de la Bresque. Un dolmen  du chalcolithique à Basségat figure à l'inventaire des mégalithes de Fox-Amphoux. Le rocher de Fox est habité dès l'âge du fer par des peuplades celto-ligures.

L'occupation romaine a laissé des vestiges abondants au Petit Nans, à la Jonquière et à Bassegat. Un buste de guerrier cuirassé, en pierre, a été retrouvé près du château de Cormeil en 1935(dépôt au Musée d'archéologie méditerranéenne).

Des fouilles archéologiques, effectuées de 1968 à 1977 dans le quartier du Logis, ont dégagé un vaste édifice romain de , daté du  ; on y trouve un temple dédié à Minerve et des bâtiments annexes, avec une cour centrale entourée d'un grand portique (galerie couverte). Ce site, occupé jusqu'au , représente une petite agglomération autour d'un relais de la poste impériale avant le passage du Verdon, situé exactement à la frontière des territoires des cités romaines de Fréjus et de Riez.

Moyen Âge et Révolution française

Fox et Amphoux
Le castrum de Fox (castrum de Fossis) est cité en 1130 par le pape . Le castrum d'Amphoux (castrum de Anfossis) apparaît en 1233, après celui de Fox qui le domine. Il est abandonné avant 1471, sans doute au profit de Fox, dont le site d'oppidum était beaucoup plus fort.

En 1235, Raimond   cède à Blacas de Blacas ses droits sur Fox et Amphoux contre la seigneurie de Séranon. En 1239, Laure de Castellane, épouse de Blacas de Blacas et leurs trois fils, concèdent aux chevaliers du Temple les droits de pâturage sur leurs terres de Fox et d'Amphoux. En 1252, Boniface de Castellane achète les terres de Fox et d'Amphoux à Raymond de Bras et les apporte ainsi à la famille de Castellane qui conserve ces seigneuries pendant quatre siècles. En 1338, Blacas de Alpibus et Boniface de Castellane furent seigneurs de Fox-Amphoux et coseigneurs d'Entrecasteaux. La mort de la reine  ouvre une crise de succession à la tête du comté de Provence, les villes de l'Union d'Aix (1382-1387) soutenant Charles de Duras contre . Le seigneur de Fox et Amphoux, Reforciat de Castellane, se rallie aux Angevins en 1385, après la mort de .

En 1719, les terres de Fox et d'Amphoux sont réunies aux terres de Bresc et érigées en marquisat en faveur d'Antoine d'Albert du Chaine, avocat général au parlement de Provence en 1677, puis président à mortier en 1694. Antoine de Rafélis de Vincent d'Agoult, chevalier de Malte en 1772, est le dernier seigneur du lieu avant la Révolution française. Pendant la Révolution, une société populaire est établie à Fox-Amphoux. À partir de cette période, le double nom porté par la commune sanctionne la réunion d'Amphoux au territoire d'où il avait été démembré.

Les Templiers et les Hospitaliers
Jadis possession des Templiers, la seigneurie de Saint-Jean de Bresc passe entre les mains des Hospitaliers de l'ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem qui la démembre de la commanderie de Puimoisson, en 1461, en faveur de Guillaume d'Arbaud, coseigneur d'Aups. Les descendants de ce dernier la vendent vers 1621 aux de Leuze, de Marseille, qui la laissent en 1697 aux Savournin. Joseph-François de Gaudrini en fait l'acquisition en 1702 et l'aliène en 1709 en faveur de Jean-Baptiste de Sigaud, avocat au parlement de Provence.

Pendant la Révolution, la commune de Saint-Jean de Bresc est rattachée à la commune de Fox-Amphoux. Le château de Bresc appartient toujours à la famille de Sigaud de Bresc.

Après la Révolution française
Durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, sept Foxois composent le Comité local de libération qui s'occupe des tâches de résistance et prépare la libération.

Blasonnement

Politique et administration

Liste des maires

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Budget et fiscalité 2020
En 2020, le budget de la commune était constitué ainsi :
 total des produits de fonctionnement : , soit  par habitant ;
 total des charges de fonctionnement : , soit  par habitant ;
 total des ressources d'investissement : , soit  par habitant ;
 total des emplois d'investissement : , soit  par habitant ;
 endettement : , soit  par habitant.

Avec les taux de fiscalité suivants :
 taxe d'habitation : 8,25 % ;
 taxe foncière sur les propriétés bâties : 11,94 % ;
 taxe foncière sur les propriétés non bâties : 40,77 % ;
 taxe additionnelle à la taxe foncière sur les propriétés non bâties : 0,00 % ;
 cotisation foncière des entreprises : 0,00 %.

Chiffres clés Revenus et pauvreté des ménages en 2018 : médiane en 2018 du revenu disponible, par unité de consommation : .

Population et société

Démographie

Évolution démographique

Enseignement
Établissements d'enseignements :
 École maternelle,
 École primaire,
 Collèges à Barjols, Aups,
 Lycées à Brignoles.

Santé
Professionnels et établissements de santé :
 Médecins à Cotignac, Régusse, Barjols,
 Pharmacies à Cotignac, Barjols,
 Hôpitaux à Salernes, Brignoles, Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume,
 Centre hospitalier de la Dracénie, à .

Cultes
 Culte catholique, Paroisse Notre-Dame de l'Assomption, Diocèse de Fréjus-Toulon.

Lieux et monuments

Patrimoine religieux
 L'église paroissiale Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption :
 Au centre du Vieux Fox, l'église paroissiale Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption, à la nef voûtée d'ogives séparées par des doubleaux, date du . Réparée à de nombreuses reprises, elle fut agrandie par l'adjonction de chapelles latérales pendant la deuxième moitié de  au fil des siècles ; elle a un clocher carré à campanile orné de gargouilles, a été construit en 1715 qui abrite deux cloches classées objets monuments historiques.
 Attenant à l'église, l'ancien prieuré des Hospitaliers :
 Le prieuré des Hospitaliers (ayant servi de presbytère au ) est devenu une auberge.
 La chapelle Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours :
 Sous le socle de verdure de Fox est cachée une grotte éclairée par une fissure du rocher. Cette grotte abrite la chapelle Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours où se trouve une Vierge à l'Enfant en bois doré du  qui a été classée objet monument historique.
 La chapelle Notre-Dame de Cliveou : Moyen Âge classique.
 La chapelle des Pénitents Blancs, également appelée chapelle des Maures.
 Site Logis (le) Clastre : temple.
 Les Trois Croix :
 Les Trois Croix, érigées sur un point culminant au carrefour des limites de Fox-Amphoux, Montmeyan et Tavernes, ont été un lieu de procession ; on y trouve une table d'orientation.
 L'oratoire :
 L'oratoire sur le sentier d'accès à la chapelle Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours.
 Le monument aux morts :
 Monument aux morts : guerre 1914-1918 avec croix de guerre au sommet.

Patrimoine civil
 Le village médiéval fortifié du Vieux Fox :
 Le Vieux Fox comporte des vestiges d'appareil défensif et de nombreux éléments architecturaux qui remontent au .
 Le dolmen de Bassegat :
 Le dolmen de Bassegat date du Chalcolithique ; il est situé sur un domaine privé.
 Lavoirs.

Patrimoine paysager
 Le vieux micocoulier :
 Le Micocoulier de Provence ou micocoulier du Midi (Celtis australis) du Vieux Fox, sur la place de l'église, date de 1550 ; il possède de belles dimensions avec  de circonférence et  de haut.  Malheureusement, on peut déplorer, en toute relativité pour ce bel arbre, une fin d'existence prochaine (l'arbre s'est coupé en deux dans le sens vertical et a été cerclé pour le maintenir); car on prête à cette espèce une durée de vie de 500 ans en moyenne.

Espaces culturels
 La salle d'exposition des dinosaures
 Crée en 2012, dans l'ancienne cave coopérative à côté de la mairie. Un véritable humérus de titanosaure peut être accessible en contact direct par les visiteurs.

Variraptor

La plaine de Fox Amphoux possède un important gisement de fossiles de dinosaures connu dans le monde entier. Le paléontologue américain Jack Horner en collaboration avec le cinéaste Steven Spielberg pour son film Jurassic Park, fera le déplacement pour explorer le site. Entre 1992 et 1995, la découverte du Variraptor mechinorum dans les grès à reptiles du site par les paléontologues amateurs Patrick et Annie Méchin est la plus connu. Elle apporte pour la première fois la preuve de l'existence d'un dinosaure de la famille des Dromaeosauridae en Europe. Cousin du célèbre vélociraptor, il était comme lui carnivore, et mesurait de 2,50 à 3 mètres de long pour 1,50 mètre environ de hauteur. Il devait probablement, comme la plupart des membres de sa famille, être couvert d'un fin duvet ou de plumes.
Longtemps sujet à controverse, il est aujourd'hui assimilé comme synonyme du Pyroraptor olympius.
On peut admirer une reconstitution supposée du spécimen au muséum d'histoire naturelle de Toulon.

Personnalités liées à la commune
Paul Barras (1755-1829), conventionnel de la République, est né à Fox-Amphoux. En 1780, il était à bord du navire le Sartine en provenance de l'île Bourbon, quand celui-ci s'échoua à l'entrée du port de Marseille. C'est de cet incident  qu'est née la célèbre histoire marseillaise de la sardine qui bouchait l'entrée du port. En 1783, à bord de L'Actif, il fut pris dans une violente tempête sur le trajet du cap de Bonne-Espérance vers la France et implora Notre-Dame de Bon Secours à laquelle est consacrée la grotte aménagée en chapelle sur les pentes de la colline du Vieux Fox. En 1794, il contribua à la chute de Robespierre et fut membre du Directoire de 1795 à 1799.
 Louis de Bresc (1834-1911) est un avocat, homme politique et érudit, auteur de l'Armorial des communes de Provence, inhumé à Fox-Amphoux dans la chapelle Saint-Jean du château de Bresc.
 Christer Strömholm (1918-2002) est un photographe suédois qui a longtemps habité Fox-Amphoux où il possédait une maison.
 Paul Icard (1899-1994), fondateur de l'Institut Supérieur du Commerce de Paris, est décédé à Fox-Amphoux.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 Bernard Duplessy et Michel Fraisset, Le Var des collines, Éditions Édisud, 1989.
 Jeannine Neri et Francis Mora, Un cantoun en Provence, Haut-Var, Éditions Spot, 1994.
 Jacques Seillé, Histoire de Fox-Amphoux, Éditions J. Seillé, 1998.

 Cavité naturelle : grotte
 Communes du Var : Grottes et sanctuaires - Jeannine de Ridder et Émilie Michaud-Jeannin, Itinéraires archéologiques : Fox-Amphoux
 Fox-Amphoux-paroisse, sur dignois.fr/
 Les églises et édifices religieux recensés par l'Observatoire du patrimoine religieux (OPR)
 Chiffres clés publiés par l'institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE). Dossier complet
 Inventaire national du patrimoine naturel de la commune
 Fox-Amphoux , voyage au pays des Dinosaures sur site France3 région
 Exposition permanente sur les dinosaures à Fox-Amphoux sur le site officiel de l' Office de Tourisme de La Provence Verte
 le site de Randojp

Articles connexes
 Liste des communes du Var
 Communauté de communes Provence Verdon
 Huile d'olive de Provence AOC

Liens externes

 Fox-Amphoux sur le site de l'Institut géographique national
 Office de Tourisme de La Provence Verte
 Le patrimoine architectural et mobilier des communes sur le site officiel du ministère français de la Culture (Bases Mérimée, Palissy, Palissy, Mémoire, ArchiDoc), Médiathèque de l'architecture et du patrimoine (archives photographiques) diffusion RMN, et service régional de l'inventaire général de la direction de la Culture et du Patrimoine de la Région PACA]
 Site de la Direction Régionale de l'Environnement, de l'Aménagement et du Logement (DREAL) et Inventaire et protections réglementaires de l'environnement des communes
 Système d'information géographique du Var (SIG Var) : Fox-Amphoux

Commune abritant une commanderie de l'ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem en France
Alleux, fiefs et seigneuries de l'ordre du Temple
Paléontologie en France


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Ziauddin Yousafzai: My daughter, Malala | Talk Video | TED
Pakistani educator Ziauddin Yousafzai reminds the world of a simple truth that many don't want to hear: Women and men deserve equal opportunities for education, autonomy, an independent identity. He tells stories from his own life and the life of his daughter, Malala, who was shot by the Taliban in 2012 simply for daring to go to school. "Why is my daughter so strong?" Yousafzai asks. "Because I didn't clip her wings."
In many patriarchal societies and tribal societies, fathers are usually known by their sons, but I'm one of the few fathers who is known by his daughter, and I am proud of it.
This talk was presented at an official TED Conference. TED's editors featured it among our daily selections on the home page.
Ziauddin Yousafzai
Education activist
Despite an attack on his daughter Malala in 2012, Ziauddin Yousafzai continues his fight to educate children in the developing world.
The Transcript of the TED Talk
Malala started her campaign for education and stood for her rights in 2007, and when her efforts were honored in 2011, and she was given the national youth peace prize, and she became a very famous, very popular young girl of her country. Before that, she was my daughter, but now I am her father. Ladies and gentlemen, if we glance to human history, the story of women is the story of injustice, inequality, violence and exploitation. You see, in patriarchal societies, right from the very beginning, when a girl is born, her birth is not celebrated. She is not welcomed, neither by father nor by mother. The neighborhood comes and commiserates with the mother, and nobody congratulates the father. And a mother is very uncomfortable for having a girl child. When she gives birth to the first girl child, first daughter, she is sad. When she gives first to the second daughter, she is shocked, and in the expectation of a son, when she gives birth to a third daughter, she feels guilty like a criminal.Not only the mother suffers, but the daughter, the newly born daughter, when she grows old, she suffers too. At the age of five, while she should be going to school, she stays at home and her brothers are admitted in a school. Until the age of 12, somehow, she has a good life. She can have fun. She can play with her friends in the streets, and she can move around in the streets like a butterfly. But when she enters her teens, when she becomes 13 years old, she is forbidden to go out of her home without a male escort. She is confined under the four walls of her home. She is no more a free individual. She becomes the so-called honor of her father and of her brothers and of her family, and if she transgresses the code of that so-called honor, she could even be killed.
And it is also interesting that this so-called code of honor, it does not only affect the life of a girl, it also affects the life of the male members of the family. I know a family of seven sisters and one brother, and that one brother, he has migrated to the Gulf countries, to earn a living for his seven sisters and parents, because he thinks that it will be humiliating if his seven sisters learn a skill and they go out of the home and earn some livelihood. So this brother, he sacrifices the joys of his life and the happiness of his sisters at the altar of so-called honor.
And there is one more norm of the patriarchal societies that is called obedience. A good girl is supposed to be very quiet, very humble and very submissive. It is the criteria. The role model good girl should be very quiet. She is supposed to be silent and she is supposed to accept the decisions of her father and mother and the decisions of elders, even if she does not like them. If she is married to a man she doesn't like or if she is married to an old man, she has to accept, because she does not want to be dubbed as disobedient. If she is married very early, she has to accept. Otherwise, she will be called disobedient. And what happens at the end? In the words of a poetess, she is wedded, bedded, and then she gives birth to more sons and daughters. And it is the irony of the situation that this mother, she teaches the same lesson of obedience to her daughter and the same lesson of honor to her sons. And this vicious cycle goes on, goes on.
Ladies and gentlemen, this plight of millions of women could be changed if we think differently, if women and men think differently, if men and women in the tribal and patriarchal societies in the developing countries, if they can break a few norms of family and society, if they can abolish the discriminatory laws of the systems in their states, which go against the basic human rights of the women.
Dear brothers and sisters, when Malala was born, and for the first time, believe me, I don't like newborn children, to be honest, but when I went and I looked into her eyes, believe me, I got extremely honored. And long before she was born, I thought about her name, and I was fascinated with a heroic legendary freedom fighter in Afghanistan. Her name was Malalai of Maiwand, and I named my daughter after her. A few days after Malala was born, my daughter was born, my cousin came -- and it was a coincidence -- he came to my home and he brought a family tree, a family tree of the Yousafzai family, and when I looked at the family tree, it traced back to 300 years of our ancestors. But when I looked, all were men, and I picked my pen, drew a line from my name, and wrote, "Malala."
And when she grow old, when she was four and a half years old, I admitted her in my school. You will be asking, then, why should I mention about the admission of a girl in a school? Yes, I must mention it. It may be taken for granted in Canada, in America, in many developed countries, but in poor countries, in patriarchal societies, in tribal societies, it's a big event for the life of girl. Enrollment in a school means recognition of her identity and her name. Admission in a school means that she has entered the world of dreams and aspirations where she can explore her potentials for her future life. I have five sisters, and none of them could go to school, and you will be astonished, two weeks before, when I was filling out the Canadian visa form, and I was filling out the family part of the form, I could not recall the surnames of some of my sisters. And the reason was that I have never, never seen the names of my sisters written on any document. That was the reason that I valued my daughter. What my father could not give to my sisters and to his daughters, I thought I must change it.
I used to appreciate the intelligence and the brilliance of my daughter. I encouraged her to sit with me when my friends used to come. I encouraged her to go with me to different meetings. And all these good values, I tried to inculcate in her personality. And this was not only she, only Malala. I imparted all these good values to my school, girl students and boy students as well. I used education for emancipation. I taught my girls, I taught my girl students, to unlearn the lesson of obedience. I taught my boy students to unlearn the lesson of so-called pseudo-honor.
Dear brothers and sisters, we were striving for more rights for women, and we were struggling to have more, more and more space for the women in society. But we came across a new phenomenon. It was lethal to human rights and particularly to women's rights. It was called Talibanization. It means a complete negation of women's participation in all political, economical and social activities. Hundreds of schools were lost. Girls were prohibited from going to school. Women were forced to wear veils and they were stopped from going to the markets. Musicians were silenced, girls were flogged and singers were killed. Millions were suffering, but few spoke, and it was the most scary thing when you have all around such people who kill and who flog, and you speak for your rights. It's really the most scary thing.
At the age of 10, Malala stood, and she stood for the right of education. She wrote a diary for the BBC blog, she volunteered herself for the New York Times documentaries, and she spoke from every platform she could. And her voice was the most powerful voice. It spread like a crescendo all around the world. And that was the reason the Taliban could not tolerate her campaign, and on October 9 2012, she was shot in the head at point blank range.
It was a doomsday for my family and for me. The world turned into a big black hole. While my daughter was on the verge of life and death, I whispered into the ears of my wife, "Should I be blamed for what happened to my daughter and your daughter?"
And she abruptly told me, "Please don't blame yourself. You stood for the right cause. You put your life at stake for the cause of truth, for the cause of peace, and for the cause of education, and your daughter in inspired from you and she joined you. You both were on the right path and God will protect her."
These few words meant a lot to me, and I didn't ask this question again.
When Malala was in the hospital, and she was going through the severe pains and she had had severe headaches because her facial nerve was cut down, I used to see a dark shadow spreading on the face of my wife. But my daughter never complained. She used to tell us, "I'm fine with my crooked smile and with my numbness in my face. I'll be okay. Please don't worry." She was a solace for us, and she consoled us.
Dear brothers and sisters, we learned from her how to be resilient in the most difficult times, and I'm glad to share with you that despite being an icon for the rights of children and women, she is like any 16-year old girl. She cries when her homework is incomplete. She quarrels with her brothers, and I am very happy for that.
People ask me, what special is in my mentorship which has made Malala so bold and so courageous and so vocal and poised? I tell them, don't ask me what I did. Ask me what I did not do. I did not clip her wings, and that's all.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Genevieve Bell  is an Australian cultural anthropologist best known for her work at the intersection of cultural practice research and technological development (including as a pioneer in the field of futurist research), and for being an industry pioneer of the user experience field. Bell was the innagural director of the Autonomy, Agency and Assurance Innovation Institute (3Ai), which was co-founded by the Australian National University (ANU) and CSIRO's Data61, and a Distinguished Professor of the ANU College of Engineering and Computer Science. In 2021, she became Director of the new ANU School of Cybernetics. She also holds the university's Florence Violet McKenzie Chair and is the first SRI International Engelbart Distinguished Fellow. Bell is also a Senior Fellow and Vice President at Intel. She is widely published, and holds 13 patents.

Early life
Daughter of renowned Australian anthropologist, Diane Bell, Genevieve Bell was born in Sydney and raised in a range of Australian communities, including Melbourne, Canberra, and in several Aboriginal Communities in the Northern Territory. Bell attended university in the United States, where she graduated from Bryn Mawr College in 1990 with a Bachelor of Arts and a Master of Philosophy in anthropology. Bell went on to attend Stanford University in Palo Alto, California, for graduate studies. In 1993, she earned her master's degree from Stanford, followed by a PhD in 1998, both in anthropology. Her doctoral research focused on the Carlisle Indian Industrial School which operated in rural Pennsylvania in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Career
From 1996 to 1998, Bell taught anthropology and Native American Studies at Stanford University, in both the department of anthropology and department of anthropological sciences, as well as in the continuing studies program.

She was recruited from her faculty position by Intel Corporation in 1998 to help build out their nascent social-science research competency in the advanced research and development labs. She was based at one of the company's campuses in Hillsboro, Oregon, where she worked as a cultural anthropologist studying how different cultures around the globe used technology. She and her colleagues helped re-orient Intel to a more market-inspired and experience-driven approach and she is widely credited with establishing User Experience as a recognised competency at Intel.

She started Intel's first User Experience Group in 2005, as part of Intel's Digital Home Group. The company named her an Intel Fellow, their highest technical rank, in November 2008 for her work in the Digital Home Group. She rejoined the advanced research and development labs in 2010, when Intel made her the director of their newly forming User Experience Research group. This group was Intel's first fully integrated user experience research and development group; they worked on questions of big data, smart transportation, next generation image technology and ideas about fear and wonder. After steering that group to a range of successes inside and outside the company, she was made a vice president in 2014 and senior fellow in 2016.

Bell's impact has been recognised repeatedly outside Intel.  In 2010, she was named one of the Top 25 Women in Technology to Watch by AlwaysOn and as one of the 100 Most Creative People in Business by Fast Company. In 2012, Bell was inducted to the Women in Technology International Hall of Fame and in 2013, she was named Anita Borg's Women of Vision in Leadership. In 2014, she was included in Elle Magazine's first list of influential women in technology and also included in a new exhibit at London's Design Museum profiling 25 women from around the world.

Her first book, Divining a Digital Future: Mess and Mythology in Ubiquitous Computing, written in collaboration with Paul Dourish, is an exploration of the social and cultural aspects of ubiquitous computing, with a particular focus on the disciplinary and methodological issues that have shaped the ubiquitous computing research agenda. The book was published by MIT Press in 2011.

An earlier essay from 2007 by Bell, also co-authored with Dourish, ""Resistance is Futile": Reading Science Fiction Alongside Ubiquitous Computing", has been widely cited as an inspiration for, or a key influence on, the emergence of the field of design fiction.

Bell was also a Thinker in Residence for South Australia from 2008 to 2010. Her visiting appointment was intended to help guide government policy surrounding a new national broadband initiative. Bell conducted ethnographic research and developed new innovative research methods to identify barriers to adoption and drivers around broadband uptake. Her final report, "Getting Connected, staying connected: exploring the role of new technology in Australian society" is available online.

After 18 years as Intel's resident anthropologist in Silicon Valley, Bell returned to Australia in 2017 as the first of five appointments under the ANU Vice-Chancellor Brian Schmidt's Entrepreneurial Fellows scheme. She is a distinguished professor at the ANU College of Engineering and Computer Science, where she is focusing on "exploring how to bring together data science, design thinking and ethnography to drive new approaches in engineering; and ... exploring the questions of what it means to be human in a data-driven economy and world". She is the university's inaugural appointee of the Florence Violet McKenzie Chair, named in honour of Australia's first female electrical engineer.

In 2017, the ANU announced a major 10-year plan to drive the expansion of its program in engineering and computer science. The expansion in part was to be led by Bell as the director of the newly founded Autonomy, Agency and Assurance Institute, to be known as the 3A Institute or 3Ai, co-founded by Australian National University and CSIRO's Data61, Australia's largest data innovation network. The 3A Institute brings together a diverse team from a range of disciplines to tackle complex problems around artificial intelligence, data and technology and managing their impact on humanity.

In October 2017, Bell presented the ABC's 2017 Boyer Lectures, interrogating what it means to be human, and Australian, in a digital world. Bell joins the list of prominent Australians selected each year by the ABC since 1959 to present the annual Boyer Lectures and stimulate a national conversation on social, cultural and political issues of contemporary Australian society.

Since returning to Australia, Bell's expertise in the field of AI development and regulation has been recognised by government and industry. At the 2016 Advance Awards, Bell received the Award for Technology Innovation and Overall 2016 Advance Global Australian Award. In October 2018, Bell was elected as a fellow of the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering (ATSE), a not-for-profit organisation which brings together leading minds in technology and engineering from academia, government and industry sectors. She was also appointed to the National Science and Technology Advisory Council among other members including Nobel Laureate and ANU Vice-Chancellor Brian Schmidt and Chair Prime Minister Scott Morrison. The council is responsible for providing expert advice to the prime minister and other ministers on science and technology challenges facing Australia.

In January 2019, Bell was appointed as an independent non-executive director of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia Board.

On January 22, 2020, Bell was named the first Engelbart Distinguished Fellow by SRI International. The fellowship is named after Douglas C. Engelbart, a pioneer of modern computing, and recognises 'visionaries who are disrupting the traditional way we interact with and view technology' from around the globe. Shortly after, Bell was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in the 2020 Australia Day Honours for distinguished service to education, particularly to the social sciences and cultural anthropology. That same year she was also elected as a Honorary Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities.

In 2021 Genevievewas appointed Director of the new School of Cybernetics at the Australian National University, which as well as housing the 3A Institute, will build out capacity in Systems and Design.

References

External links

 ANU School of Cybernetics
 3Ai Website
 Genevieve Bell, ANU biography

Living people
Australian anthropologists
Australian women anthropologists
Bryn Mawr College alumni
Intel people
People from Hillsboro, Oregon
Scientists from Sydney
Stanford University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Futurologists
Academic staff of the Australian National University
Officers of the Order of Australia
Cyberneticists
Women cyberneticists

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Obama campaign
Slow and steady…
Building support one volunteer at a time
United StatesJul 21st 2012 edition
Jul 21st 2012
A VOLUNTEER at the Obama 2012 campaign office in Charlottesville, Virginia, explains how she reels in more recruits. First she mentions to friends in passing that she has been working for the campaign, and makes a note of those who take up the subject and ask her questions. Instead of inviting them to take part straight away, however, she makes a point of talking about all the fun she has as a volunteer, to stoke a little excitement. The next step, after a few weeks of such treatment, is to bring them along to a house party hosted by another campaign volunteer. The political content of such events is deliberately diluted with lots of coffee and cake in order not to intimidate the newcomers. Next might come a boisterous evening at the campaign office, where there is plenty of chit-chat and snacking on sandwiches between phone calls to potential supporters. Before they know it, her targets have a new social life built around Barack Obama's re-election drive.
This is the essence of Mr Obama's campaign strategy: to build up a vast but carefully co-ordinated network of volunteers in swing states, of which there are around a dozen, to register voters in their neighbourhoods, canvass friends and acquaintances and turn out supporters on election day. Voters are more likely to pay attention to people they know than they are to activists from other states, let alone television ads and flyers, Mr Obama's strategists reason, and making the campaign enjoyable will help to expand its reach to those with relatively little taste for politics.
None of this is revolutionary, except the meticulousness with which the Obama campaign goes about it. Four years ago Mr Obama used such tactics to register lots of new voters and increase Democratic turnout in several states that had previously been Republican strongholds, including Virginia and neighbouring North Carolina. This year his campaign, unencumbered by a primary, started orchestrating a similar drive much earlier in the election cycle. It opened its first field offices in Virginia in December and now has 20 of them. Five more are scheduled to open next week. The Charlottesville office opened in March, four months earlier than in 2008. This network, it maintains, will offset Mr Obama's expected disadvantage on the airwaves and win him the state once more.
At a recent event at the Charlottesville office, some 50 women gathered to call potential volunteers. Each was supplied with a mobile phone (if they had not brought one of their own) and several sheets of telephone numbers. The numbers come from the database of people who have visited a campaign website, given their contact information to a volunteer or taken part in Mr Obama's previous campaign. Using a system of codes, the callers note down which numbers they have tried, whether they were able to reach anyone, what interest the respondent has in the campaign, when they should next be called and so on. All of this is promptly entered back into the database to generate future calling lists.
The Charlottesville office holds at least three such phone banks a week, along with many smaller registration and recruitment drives. Until mid-June, the campaign was concentrating on lining up and training enough volunteers to create a "neighbourhood team" for every precinct. Roughly 15 people per team, says a co-ordinator of one of them, should be enough to ensure thorough coverage of each electoral precinct. Team members should keep an eye on anyone who moves into their neighbourhoods, he says, and make sure they are registered.
These teams have now started canvassing door-to-door, abetted by instructions from the database, as well as setting up stalls outside busy shops and events. The campaign website lists several such events in or near Charlottesville each day, outside the concert of an "alternative rock group", for example, or a well-patronised chemist, along with more house parties, training sessions and phone banks. On the most recent of the campaign's monthly "days of action" it organised more than 80 events around the state on the same day.
The rewards of all this activity are measured in minute increments. One volunteer speaks excitedly of registering a dozen new voters in a couple of hours outside a local supermarket. That is exceptional: at a sweltering farmers' market on the other side of town, next to a gourmet popsicle stall (lemon-ginger, coconut-lime, strawberry-hibiscus), a second activist seems pleased with a pace of two registrations in two hours. Back at headquarters, a third and fourth volunteer debate where best to stand to flag down the most shoppers entering the car park of another local supermarket. Given such thoroughness, it seems likely that the Obama campaign will reach most potential voters in Charlottesville. What proportion of them it will win over, however, is much harder to say.
This article appeared in the United States section of the print edition under the headline "Slow and steady…"
More from United States
America's pensions system is now less of a mess
City critters
Unpacking the rise of urban coyotes
Old export regulations get a new use


text:
package jp.sf.fess.solr.plugin.suggest;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

import jp.sf.fess.solr.plugin.suggest.entity.SuggestFieldInfo;
import jp.sf.fess.solr.plugin.suggest.util.TransactionLogUtil;
import jp.sf.fess.suggest.SuggestConstants;
import jp.sf.fess.suggest.Suggester;
import jp.sf.fess.suggest.converter.SuggestReadingConverter;
import jp.sf.fess.suggest.normalizer.SuggestNormalizer;
import jp.sf.fess.suggest.server.SuggestSolrServer;
import junit.framework.TestCase;

import org.apache.lucene.analysis.util.TokenizerFactory;
import org.apache.solr.common.SolrDocument;
import org.apache.solr.common.SolrDocumentList;
import org.apache.solr.common.SolrInputDocument;
import org.apache.solr.common.util.DateUtil;
import org.apache.solr.core.SolrResourceLoader;
import org.apache.solr.update.TransactionLog;

public class SuggestUpdateControllerTest extends TestCase {
    @Override
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        super.setUp();
        TestUtils.startJerrySolrRunner();
    }

    @Override
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
        super.tearDown();
        TestUtils.stopJettySolrRunner();
    }

    public void test_updateAndSuggest() {
        try {
            final SuggestSolrServer suggestSolrServer = TestUtils
                    .createSuggestSolrServer();
            suggestSolrServer.deleteAll();
            final SuggestUpdateConfig config = TestUtils
                    .getSuggestUpdateConfig();
            final SuggestUpdateController controller = new SuggestUpdateController(
                    config, getSuggestFieldInfoList(config, false),
                new SolrResourceLoader(SolrResourceLoader.locateSolrHome()));
            controller.start();

            final SolrInputDocument doc = new SolrInputDocument();
            doc.setField(
                    "content",
                    "Fess は「5 分で簡単に構築可能な全文検索サーバー」です。Java 実行環境があればどの OS でも実行可能です。Fess は Apache ライセンスで提供され、無料 (フリーソフト) でご利用いただけます。\n"
                            + "\n"
                            + "Seasar2 ベースで構築され、検索エンジン部分には 2 億ドキュメントもインデックス可能と言われる Solr を利用しています。 ドキュメントクロールには S2Robot を利用することで、Web やファイルシステムに対するクロールが可能になり、MS Office 系のドキュメントや zip などの圧縮ファイルも検索対象とすることができます。");
            doc.setField(config.getExpiresField(), DateUtil
                    .getThreadLocalDateFormat().format(new Date()));
            controller.add(doc);
            controller.commit();
            Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);

            //assert
            assertTrue(suggestSolrServer.select("*:*").getNumFound() > 10);
            assertTrue(suggestSolrServer.select(
                    SuggestConstants.SuggestFieldNames.READING + ":jav*")
                    .getNumFound() > 0);
            assertTrue(suggestSolrServer.select(
                    SuggestConstants.SuggestFieldNames.READING
                            + ":kensakuenjinn*").getNumFound() > 0);
            assertTrue(suggestSolrServer.select(
                    SuggestConstants.SuggestFieldNames.READING + ":inde*")
                    .getNumFound() > 0);

            //suggest check
            final Suggester suggester = new Suggester();
            suggester.setNormalizer(TestUtils.createNormalizer());
            suggester.setConverter(TestUtils.createConverter());

            String q = suggester.buildSuggestQuery("jav",
                    Arrays.asList(new String[] { "content" }), null, null);
            assertTrue(suggestSolrServer.select(q).getNumFound() > 0);
            q = suggester.buildSuggestQuery("kensakuenj",
                    Arrays.asList(new String[] { "content" }), null, null);
            assertTrue(suggestSolrServer.select(q).getNumFound() > 0);
            q = suggester.buildSuggestQuery("inde",
                    Arrays.asList(new String[] { "content" }), null, null);
            assertTrue(suggestSolrServer.select(q).getNumFound() > 0);

        } catch (final Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            fail(e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public void test_update_multifield() {
        final SuggestSolrServer suggestSolrServer = TestUtils
                .createSuggestSolrServer();

        try {
            suggestSolrServer.deleteAll();

            final SuggestUpdateConfig config = TestUtils
                    .getSuggestUpdateConfig();
            final SuggestUpdateController controller = new SuggestUpdateController(
                    config, getSuggestFieldInfoList(config, true),
                new SolrResourceLoader(SolrResourceLoader.locateSolrHome()));
            controller.start();
            final SolrInputDocument doc = new SolrInputDocument();
            doc.setField(
                    "content",
                    "Fess は「5 分で簡単に構築可能な全文検索サーバー」です。Java 実行環境があればどの OS でも実行可能です。Fess は Apache ライセンスで提供され、無料 (フリーソフト) でご利用いただけます。\n"
                            + "\n"
                            + "Seasar2 ベースで構築され、検索エンジン部分には 2 億ドキュメントもインデックス可能と言われる Solr を利用しています。 ドキュメントクロールには S2Robot を利用することで、Web やファイルシステムに対するクロールが可能になり、MS Office 系のドキュメントや zip などの圧縮ファイルも検索対象とすることができます。");
            doc.setField("title", "Fessについての説明 page");
            doc.setField(config.getExpiresField(), DateUtil
                    .getThreadLocalDateFormat().format(new Date()));
            controller.add(doc);
            controller.commit();
            Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);

            //assert
            assertTrue(suggestSolrServer.select("*:*").getNumFound() > 10);
            assertEquals(
                    1,
                    suggestSolrServer.select(
                            SuggestConstants.SuggestFieldNames.READING
                                    + ":jav*").getNumFound());
            assertTrue(suggestSolrServer.select(
                    SuggestConstants.SuggestFieldNames.READING
                            + ":kensakuenjinn*").getNumFound() > 0);
            assertTrue(suggestSolrServer.select(
                    SuggestConstants.SuggestFieldNames.READING + ":inde*")
                    .getNumFound() > 0);
            assertTrue(suggestSolrServer.select(
                    SuggestConstants.SuggestFieldNames.READING
                            + ":fessnituitenose*").getNumFound() > 0);

            //suggester check
            final Suggester suggester = new Suggester();
            suggester.setNormalizer(TestUtils.createNormalizer());
            suggester.setConverter(TestUtils.createConverter());

            String q = suggester.buildSuggestQuery("fessnituitenosetumei",
                    Arrays.asList(new String[] { "title" }), null, null);
            assertEquals(1, suggestSolrServer.select(q).getNumFound());
            q = suggester.buildSuggestQuery("fessnituitenosetumei",
                    Arrays.asList(new String[] { "content" }), null, null);
            assertEquals(0, suggestSolrServer.select(q).getNumFound());
        } catch (final Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            fail(e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public void test_ttl_delete() {
        final SuggestSolrServer suggestSolrServer = TestUtils
                .createSuggestSolrServer();

        try {
            suggestSolrServer.deleteAll();

            final SuggestUpdateConfig config = TestUtils
                    .getSuggestUpdateConfig();
            final SuggestUpdateController controller = new SuggestUpdateController(
                    config, getSuggestFieldInfoList(config, false), new SolrResourceLoader(SolrResourceLoader.locateSolrHome()));
            controller.start();

            final String prevDate = DateUtil.getThreadLocalDateFormat().format(
                    new Date());

            final SolrInputDocument doc = new SolrInputDocument();
            doc.setField("content", "りんご");
            doc.setField(config.getExpiresField(), prevDate);
            controller.add(doc);
            controller.commit();
            Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);
            assertTrue(suggestSolrServer.select("*:*").getNumFound() == 1);
            final SolrInputDocument doc2 = new SolrInputDocument();
            doc2.setField("content", "みかん");
            doc2.setField(config.getExpiresField(), DateUtil
                    .getThreadLocalDateFormat().format(new Date()));
            controller.add(doc2);
            controller.commit();
            Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);

            //assert
            assertEquals(2, suggestSolrServer.select("*:*").getNumFound());
            assertEquals(
                    1,
                    suggestSolrServer.select(
                            SuggestConstants.SuggestFieldNames.READING
                                    + ":mikan").getNumFound());
            assertEquals(
                    1,
                    suggestSolrServer.select(
                            SuggestConstants.SuggestFieldNames.READING
                                    + ":rinngo").getNumFound());

            controller.deleteByQuery(config.getExpiresField() + ":[* TO "
                    + prevDate + "] NOT segment:hogehoge");
            controller.commit();
            Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);

            //assert
            assertEquals(1, suggestSolrServer.select("*:*").getNumFound());
            assertEquals(
                    1,
                    suggestSolrServer.select(
                            SuggestConstants.SuggestFieldNames.READING
                                    + ":mikan").getNumFound());
            assertEquals(
                    0,
                    suggestSolrServer.select(
                            SuggestConstants.SuggestFieldNames.READING
                                    + ":rinngo").getNumFound());

        } catch (final Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            fail(e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public void test_segment_delete() {
        final SuggestSolrServer suggestSolrServer = TestUtils
                .createSuggestSolrServer();

        try {
            suggestSolrServer.deleteAll();

            final SuggestUpdateConfig config = TestUtils
                    .getSuggestUpdateConfig();
            final SuggestUpdateController controller = new SuggestUpdateController(
                    config, getSuggestFieldInfoList(config, false),
                new SolrResourceLoader(SolrResourceLoader.locateSolrHome()));
            controller.start();

            final SolrInputDocument doc = new SolrInputDocument();
            doc.setField("content", "りんご");
            doc.setField(config.getSegmentField(), "1000");
            controller.add(doc);
            controller.commit();
            Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);
            assertTrue(suggestSolrServer.select("*:*").getNumFound() == 1);
            final SolrInputDocument doc2 = new SolrInputDocument();
            doc2.setField("content", "みかん");
            doc2.setField(config.getSegmentField(), "2000");
            controller.add(doc2);
            controller.commit();
            Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);

            //assert
            assertTrue(suggestSolrServer.select("*:*").getNumFound() == 2);
            assertTrue(suggestSolrServer.select(
                    SuggestConstants.SuggestFieldNames.READING + ":mikan")
                    .getNumFound() == 1);
            assertTrue(suggestSolrServer.select(
                    SuggestConstants.SuggestFieldNames.READING + ":ringo")
                    .getNumFound() == 1);

            controller.deleteByQuery(config.getSegmentField() + ":1000");
            controller.commit();
            Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);

            //assert
            assertTrue(suggestSolrServer.select("*:*").getNumFound() == 1);
            assertTrue(suggestSolrServer.select(
                    SuggestConstants.SuggestFieldNames.READING + ":mikan")
                    .getNumFound() == 1);
            assertTrue(suggestSolrServer.select(
                    SuggestConstants.SuggestFieldNames.READING + ":ringo")
                    .getNumFound() == 0);

        } catch (final Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            fail(e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public void test_incrementUpdate() {
        final SuggestSolrServer suggestSolrServer = TestUtils
                .createSuggestSolrServer();

        try {
            suggestSolrServer.deleteAll();
            suggestSolrServer.commit();

            final SuggestUpdateConfig config = TestUtils
                    .getSuggestUpdateConfig();
            final SuggestUpdateController controller = new SuggestUpdateController(
                    config, getSuggestFieldInfoList(config, false),
                new SolrResourceLoader(SolrResourceLoader.locateSolrHome()));
            controller.addLabelFieldName("label");
            controller.addRoleFieldName("role");
            controller.start();

            final SolrInputDocument doc = new SolrInputDocument();
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                doc.setField("content", "みかん");
                doc.setField("label", "label" + i);
                doc.setField("role", "role" + i);
                doc.setField(config.getExpiresField(), DateUtil
                        .getThreadLocalDateFormat().format(new Date()));
                controller.add(doc);
                Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);
            }
            controller.commit();
            Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);
            final SolrDocumentList solrDocuments = suggestSolrServer
                    .select("*:*");
            assertEquals(1, solrDocuments.getNumFound());
            final SolrDocument solrDocument = solrDocuments.get(0);
            final Object count = solrDocument
                    .getFieldValue(SuggestConstants.SuggestFieldNames.COUNT);
            assertEquals("5", count.toString());
            final Collection<Object> labels = solrDocument
                    .getFieldValues(SuggestConstants.SuggestFieldNames.LABELS);
            assertEquals(5, labels.size());
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                assertTrue(labels.contains("label" + i));
            }
            final Collection<Object> roles = solrDocument
                    .getFieldValues(SuggestConstants.SuggestFieldNames.ROLES);
            assertEquals(5, roles.size());
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                assertTrue(roles.contains("role" + i));
            }
        } catch (final Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            fail(e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    private List<SuggestFieldInfo> getSuggestFieldInfoList(
            final SuggestUpdateConfig config, final boolean multi) {
        final List<SuggestFieldInfo> list = new ArrayList<SuggestFieldInfo>();

        final List<String> fieldNameList = new ArrayList<String>();
        fieldNameList.add("content");

        final TokenizerFactory tokenizerFactory = TestUtils
                .getTokenizerFactory(config);
        final SuggestReadingConverter suggestReadingConverter = TestUtils
                .createConverter();
        final SuggestNormalizer suggestNormalizer = TestUtils
                .createNormalizer();

        final SuggestFieldInfo suggestFieldInfo = new SuggestFieldInfo(
                fieldNameList, tokenizerFactory, suggestReadingConverter,
                suggestNormalizer);
        list.add(suggestFieldInfo);

        if (multi) {
            final List<String> fieldNameList2 = new ArrayList<String>();
            fieldNameList2.add("title");

            final SuggestReadingConverter suggestReadingConverter2 = TestUtils
                    .createConverter();
            final SuggestNormalizer suggestNormalizer2 = TestUtils
                    .createNormalizer();

            final SuggestFieldInfo suggestFieldInfo2 = new SuggestFieldInfo(
                    fieldNameList2, null, suggestReadingConverter2,
                    suggestNormalizer2);
            list.add(suggestFieldInfo2);
        }

        return list;
    }

    public void test_UpdateFromTransactionLog() {
        final SuggestSolrServer suggestSolrServer = TestUtils
                .createSuggestSolrServer();

        try {
            suggestSolrServer.deleteAll();
            suggestSolrServer.commit();

            final SuggestUpdateConfig config = TestUtils
                    .getSuggestUpdateConfig();
            final SuggestUpdateController controller = new SuggestUpdateController(
                    config, getSuggestFieldInfoList(config, false),
                new SolrResourceLoader(SolrResourceLoader.locateSolrHome()));
            controller.addLabelFieldName("label");
            controller.start();

            final File classPath = new File(this.getClass().getClassLoader()
                    .getResource("").getPath());
            final File file = new File(classPath, "tlog.0000000000000000059");
            controller.addTransactionLog(file);

            Thread.sleep(10 * 1000);
            assertTrue(suggestSolrServer.select("*:*").getNumFound() > 100);
            assertTrue(suggestSolrServer.select("reading_s_m:kensa*")
                    .getNumFound() > 0);

            controller.close();
        } catch (final Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            fail(e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Courses at Regent's University London
Pre-sessional
January Entry
Business, Technology and Entrepreneurship BSc (Hons) with Integrated Foundation
Fashion Design (Marketing) BA (Hons) with Integrated Foundation
Fashion Design BA (Hons) with Integrated Foundation
Fashion Marketing (Buying) BA (Hons) with Integrated Foundation
Fashion Marketing (Public Relations) BA (Hons) with Integrated Foundation
Fashion Marketing (Styling) BA (Hons) with Integrated Foundation
Fashion Marketing BA (Hons) with Integrated Foundation
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By the very nature of motorbike use, riders and their pillion passengers are more vulnerable than occupants of other motorised vehicles and, therefore, the injuries incurred in a motorcycle accident are often very serious and life-altering.
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Making The Case For A Full-Time Strength Coach
By Tim Crowley | Wed, Jul 12 | Sports Performance, Coach Development, Athlete Development, Strength and Conditioning, High School Strength and Conditioning
The full-time strength coach as a profession is still in its infancy. In 1988 when I graduated from college, there were only a handful of collegiate and professional strength and conditioning coaches. Little did I know that 25 years later, I would be working in this amazing, challenging field, shaping the lives of young athletes.
Currently most - if not all - professional teams and Division I schools have full-time strength and conditioning staff. Many small colleges and high schools are employing strength and conditioning coaches on a full-time basis too.
Today's coaches have a responsibility to help shape their chosen field that is respected by administrators, athletes, parents, and sport coaches.
The purpose of this article is to make a clear case for the need for full-time strength and conditioning coaches at every secondary and collegiate athletic program.
Benefits of a Full Time Strength & Conditioning Coach
It is difficult to know how many full-time strength coaches there are in the U.S., as accurate statistics are hard to come by. Many full-time coaches serve dual roles either as teachers or administrators, in addition to their duties as a strength coach. Currently the National High School Strength Coaches Association (NHSSCA) is compiling numbers at the high school level, and they should be available later this year.
According to the NCAA, there are 8 million high school athletes in the U.S., with 480,000 going on to play collegiate athletics. There is an increased need for coaches at the secondary school level.
The benefits of having a qualified strength and conditioning coach go well beyond the athletic field. Today's S&C coaches need to be great communicators, teachers, and users of technologies. The skills of 'Strength Coach' go beyond sets and reps:
They increase performance while minimizing injuries both in the weight room and on the athletic field
They contribute to long-term athlete development
They increase confidence and self-esteem in young men and women
They improve health and wellness while teaching life skills
They decrease the school's liability and risk management
They bridge the gap between the medical staff, athletic trainers, and sport team coaches
It was not long ago that many schools did not have an athletic trainer on staff. Today most schools have athletic trainers in a full- or part-time capacity. Although this is a positive step forward, the role of the athletic trainer is mainly involved in immediate care of injuries. One of the strength and conditioning coach's key roles is to be proactive in the reduction and severity of injuries.
Don't Have The Money? Get Creative With Your Budget
By far the biggest reason most organizations site for not hiring a full-time strength coach is budget. Creativity may be needed in order to present the value that a strength coach brings to an organization. Many institutions put in expensive fitness centers and weight rooms, but may not include a qualified coach as part of the budget.
I have seen many great coaches create programs with nothing, but when you marry quality coaching with proper facilities, magic happens.
Those who make the decision need to consider the following questions.
How many scholarships makes it worthwhile to hire a full-time strength coach?
How many serious injuries makes hiring a qualified strength coach cost effective?
The strength and conditioning coach can have a large impact on the school's athletic program. Due to restrictions the NCAA has on team practice time, the strength coach often spends more time with the athletes than the head coach. At the high school level there may be only one full-time coach, who works with every athlete. This may be the only person on campus who interacts with every athlete every week.
Who You Should Be Hiring
The criteria for full-time strength coaches should be a minimum of a degree in a health science or related field, along with a well-respected strength and conditioning certification such as National Strength and Conditioning Association's CSCS (certified strength and conditioning specialist).
Too often this vital position is given to an assistant coach, fitness instructor, or volunteer who does not have the background or education in order to safely and effectively build a program and run training sessions.
A qualified, knowledgeable coach brings many additional skills to the program.
The knowledge to work with the athletic trainer, doctors, and physical therapists in designing and implementing return to play (RTP) programs cannot be underestimated in its impact on the athlete and team. Having an expertise in a particular sport or area or specialty such as nutrition, recovery, speed, and technology can add value to the position. With many new technologies available today, the strength coach needs to be versed in sports science, and know how to implement and analyze data in the areas such as VBT (velocity-based training), heart rate, GPS, wearables, and other analytics.
Famed basketball coach John Wooden never referred to himself as a coach but rather an educator. The weight room should be viewed as both a training facility and classroom where young adults can learn how to train safely and effectively, and develop self-responsibility and discipline.
The ability to communicate and collaborate with medical staff, sport coaches, and administrators is vital in the ability to deliver your values of your program. I am fortunate to work with some of the best high school coaches in the country, collaborating and learning from them has made me a better coach.
These coaches will become your best allies and advocates.
An Investment In Your Students
As the profession of strength and conditioning continues to evolve, we all play a role in choosing the direction. We can choose to advance it through professionalism, education, and leadership to raise the profile of the full-time strength coach.
Hiring a full-time quality strength coach is an investment in the program and in the future of young student athletes.
If you look at the most successful athletic programs, you will find a great strength coach is the glue holding all the pieces of the program together.
Tim is the Head strength and Conditioning Coach at Montverde Academy in Orlando Florida. His Teams have won Numerous national and state Championships. Tim Is also Owner of TC2 Coaching LLC. Tim is Olympic Triathlon Coach. His athletes have won World Championship and National Championship titles. He has been awarded National Coach of the Year by USA Tiathlon.
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Hello dear readers! The third act of my progress report is here now. This week three had about 27 and a half hours recorded for Studio 3 projects.
In week three, for World Builder, I finished the storyboard for my team.
I also started doing concept art, however, I decided that Aravis didn't need a front pose design since she is never facing the camera.
The eyes are really unnerving in the picture. With the clothes, I was trying to show that Aravis was wearing men's clothes while still showing that she is female.
From the storyboard I created a very rough animatic, which only showed each frame with timing, no movement.
We also started looking at our specialisation projects, however it was just brainstorming what we would be doing for it and nothing more.
And finally, outside of assessment work, just for my body of work this trimester, I continued on my image "Hiding from the Maids" which I started last trimester.
In it I fixed Cordelia's proportions slightly, and gave her base colour. I also added more detail to both Cordelia and Peony. I noticed that there were missing lines all over the place, so I rectified that.
That is all for my progress report, any other time that I haven't covered was spent in class, learning. I'll have a new report next Sunday, hopefully.
Welcome to the first edition of my progress journal, it's purpose being to record how many hours I spend on doing work! This is actually last week's time, I haven't finished recording all the time for this week yet, that will be done either late Saturday or early Sunday. And for future reference, my week goes from Sunday to Saturday. Also, as a little bit of added fun, I'm going to try and call each blog for the progress journal something different in the introduction each week. This week is "First Edition".
In the first week of trimester, nothing much happened in regards to creating anything, it was more discussion for the World Builder project, on which book would be done by the team, who was in each team, and then after all this, research into the chosen book and the author.
The book chosen by my partner and I is "The Horse and His Boy" by C.S. Lewis. We did consider doing Dracula or one of the Ranger's Apprentice books, however we decided against them in the end.
I was the one to do the research into C.S. Lewis, while my teammate created our moodboard and wrote out our first pass of our synopsis for our project. I discovered a few things about Lewis that I hadn't known before, such as the information that he served in the British army until he was medically discharged, and that he hadn't always been Christain.
I also did our book deconstruction on our chosen scenes, the first couple of paragraphs for chapters 4 and 7, though my teammate did help me a little here.
Other than what I have mentioned already, the first week was just learning the ropes of Trello and Toggl so that I could use them for this trimester. There will be more interesting things in this week's progress journal, I swear.
And for the last of my blog posts this trimester, I give you the post-mortem for my Specialisation Project. I wish that this had been the main project for this trimester, and that the group project had held less sway on our learning outcomes, then I'd spend more time researching animation techniques then worrying about how much time I have to complete a shot for someone. Though I will conceed to the point that many of our learning outcomes are all about following the project brief, going from pre to post preduction, and working with a team towards the final deliverable. Anyway, onto what this blog post is actually meant to be about.
I think, in the end, what went well was my research. I found websites, articles and books that were able to give me information and recommendations that I could use and that I could easily read over several times to make sure I understood what I was doing. There were also plenty of sources of information to cross reference. The most helpful source was "The Animator's Survival Kit" by Richard Williams, and I say that because it is a book, that I can physically hold, and bookmark. I can keep it open on the same page and not change tabs on my computer while I am animating.
Another thing that went well was the actual animation. I had a few problems with my laptop maxing out it's memory usage, but that is such an easily fixed problem that it was merely an inconvienence. For once I didn't focus on the look of my drawings and just focused on getting the movement right.
What didn't go well, and why?
To continue off the animation part of the last question, there were some animations that I did focus on the look and not the movement, and the quality of these animations was blocky and very flat. This would be a case of I need quantity over quality, where I need to make more sketchy animation with good movement, rather than a few nicely lined animation with horrible movement. At the same time as having bad animation, focusing on the detail slowed down my work progress and I wasn't able to do as much work as I had planned to do.
What else didn't go well? My time management. With the Meet the Team project running past the due date, as well as cross-discipline work and my elective subject, I had a lot to juggle around my timetable, and I should have been able to do so, I just haven't been able to. I haven't worked out the right way for me to manage my time yet. I should listen to everyone who gives me a way to try out. My time management skills cut the time I spent on all of my projects, not just my specialisation.
One last thing that didn't really work, was the study group that our lecturer had set up. Nothing happened in it, no one spoke after the initial silly chat, it was just dead, which defeated the purpose of the study chat group.
Next time? I would definitely start this project sooner, as to have some work ready by the time that we are starting to talk about it in class.
I would also make sure that I try and write down a to-do list, and some semblance of a schedule to follow. This should hopefully get more work done. With this, I shouldn't feel like I'm stuck in a web of assessment.
One last thing I would do differently next time is ask for the opinions of my peers more, good advice comes from them, and ideas to improve your work. At least, that is what I have seen. If the lecturer sets up a group chat then I shall use it, ask for help and opinions, offer opinions and advice, and share the knowledge that I have aquired.
What I learnt during the project?
I learnt a few things during this project, such as lip sync and the beginnings of cloth animation. I also learnt the beginnings of facial expressions in 2D animation. But I also learnt different ways of extending my animation and making it shorter or faster. Such as giving key frames longer periods on screen, deleting some key frames that slow the animation down and are unnessasary for the movement.
One thing that I discovered was the limitations of Adobe Animate, where there isn't a way to change the opacity of a layer. Or perhaps there is and I haven't discovered it yet. There is no soft brush either, meaning I am stuck with hard lines.
From this I learnt about animating in Adobe Photoshop, where every layer is a new frame of animation. I didn't get to test this myself, however I did watch one of my classmates doing this. It was very interesting to watch. Adding new frames to the animation also allows you to choose which layer is being used, so the layers don't need to be in order. The order just makes the layers easier to find.
My goal for future skill development, is to get to a point where I can have a few frames of smooth, coloured and shaded, finished 2D animation. To do this, I will most likely have to move on from Adobe Animate and find more animation software that gives me a greater range of tools to use, such as Anime Studio. I also want to get better at lip sync. I might grab some voiced lines from movies or cartoons that I can animate a character's mouth to.
One last thing I learnt was the dire need that I have to learn how to draw a character that isn't facing front on, I had much trouble drawing any character from any side view other than profile. I should do more drawings with characters in three quarter or around there side posing. It will make my animation better.
That's all I have for this blog post. I enjoyed this trimester, and I hope to learn much more next trimester. Thanks for taking the time to read this post, and I'll see you all next time.
Hey everyone! I'm back again today to finish off the last of my blog posts! First of which, is my cross-discipline post, and I am happy to say that my cross-discipline work went better than it did last trimester. While I still had some failures in trying to find projects to join, I managed to find something with help.
This project by a group of Studio 1 games students needed 3D pixel models of their main races, the Celestiant, the Treehemoth, the Graviathan, and the Coalossus. I chose to make them their Treehemoth.
The description of the character that I recieved was basically a Treant, or a living tree, much like the treants from World of Warcraft or Tree-Rex from Skylanders Giants. So that's what I looked at for reference.
Lots of vines. Vines were hard to do, I tried to remember about gravity while drawing them out. The program used to make this model is called MagicaVoxel. It's a 3D pixel art program. I had a lot of fun with it while making the Treehemoth, experimenting with all the different tools, and whether it was better to use my drawing tablet or my mouse. Well, I never did work out how to use this program with a mouse, so everything was done using my Wacom tablet.
This was an interesting learning experience, and I'm glad I got to do it. The game 'Wargantuan' can be found here.
A few of my other attempts at cross-discipine work were offers to make audio visualizers for audio students. At one point I asked if I could sit in on their recording session as well so that I might be able to revise for my Signal Flow test which I had coming up in my Audio elective subject. However I wasn't able to do this before my test. One audio student who did reply to me did keep in contact for while before he stopped communicating. It was unfortunate, however I couldn't keep trying with dwindling time left in the trimester.
I am happy to say that I was able to do cross-discipline work this trimester, despite the failed attempts at communication, and I am happy with my Treehemoth model. I look foward to next trimester, and I also hope I have the chance to experiment more with MagicaVoxel in future.
Hello everyone! I should have done this several weeks ago, but better late than never, right? Oh well, onto what I need to do.
My specialisation project is focusing on improving my 2D animations, and to do this, I have decided to do many animation tests, and hopefully make at least one smooth animation loop, but also start animating more than just stick figures with basic attachments.
It's blocky, and very simple, and there aren't many attachments, like hair, clothes etc, and what attachments do exist are me guessing how they move and have no real research behind them. They are also very stiff.
While chunky, it is spaced out really well. One of my favourite artists on DeviantArt is Aileen-Rose, who made the video, occassionally does a live stream, where we can ask her questions about her work. She also takes the time to respond to comments on her art and on her profile. The timing of this animation is great, and the expressions on the characters faces really emphasize the emotions and complement what is happening.
To reach these goals I needed to go back to the animation basics that I learnt back in my second trimester, and use the excercises that I was given then and work on my timing, my smooth in and smooth out, as well as my follow through. I also needed to research facial animation, and more to do with follow through. I also wished to start looking into lip sync and hair animation.
The ideas that had at the start of this specialisation project were very ambitious and it was soon discouraged by my lecturer, who encouraged me to do something that would have been more obtainable. However, though I did listen to my lecturer, I shall share my original idea here.
My first idea was to try and animate a short scene from a book that has never been turned into a movie or tv series etc. And the book, well, books, that I turned my attention to for this were the "Black Magician Trilogy" by Trudi Canavan.
I thought it would have been interesting to try, so I collected a few reference images to add to my pitch, as well as draw my own short concept.
However, with that idea being pushed aside, I had to find new ideas for my new project. So I found all the animation exercises that were given to me back in my second trimester and looked though those to see what I could attempt again, I also came up with a few new ideas that I could make.
Ideas that I came up with were a small things like testing cloth animation, hair animation, and animating something from an old script that I wrote in Grade 10. I also wanted to test facial animation.
So I looked up reference for this. Here's a few of them, so that I don't fill up a scroll bar of images.
All the artists that I have seen on DeviantArt have used the same workflow for their art, and I believe that I can convert that workflow from digital still images into animation. The artists that I have watched and asked will often draw the rough sketch, sometimes this is on paper, then sketch over that in a paint or photo manipulation program, such as PaintTool Sai or Adobe Photoshop. After they finish the sketch, if it is a commission for someone, then ocasionally send the sketch to their customer and ask their opinion. If the customer wants changes then the artist will do another sketch, then ask again, if not then they do the line art. I have seen some artists in their live streams colour the background before completing the line art. After the line art is finished then they will add the colour, then shading. Speedpaints on YouTube show this workflow well.
I do not think I will be able to complete the whole workflow, just the first few steps, during this project, but just as I did with my art workflow, I shall continue to improve upon my animation workflow.
As suggested by my lecturer, I picked up "The Animator's Survival Kit" by Richard Williams, and it has been my bible for animation for the past weeks. It has many tips and tricks in it that I have looked at and tried to follow, and others that haven't really stuck yet. I'm sorry Mr. Williams, but I'm afraid that I am unable to work in the dead silence that plagues my house sometimes. I need that music, even if the volume is only at 4%.
This book shows numerous ways to do one movement in animation, such as three catagories of sneaks, a recipe to a walk animation, and the different key poses in a run animation. There is also four pages of the same two frames of animation with different breakdown poses inbetween to change the way the expression is interpreted.
Another page that helped was the page with the breakdown of the run cycle. It helped me block out my own run cycle, though it isn't perfect yet, and it has shown me the positions that I needed to draw for my animation.
I probably need to colour the arms to make their movement clearer.
This book has also helped my with my "Mr Amazing Invinci-Ball" skit.
Though it has no squash and stretch on it yet, it works in the stage that it is in now. I will get the squash and stretch finished on this one before my next blog post.
"The Animator's Survival Kit" has been very useful to me so far, and I'm glad I was able to borrow it from SAE's library.
Another source of information that I used for this project was the old lessons back from my second trimester at SAE, going back over all the principles of animation. It was very useful going back over the basics again. I don't know how to reference the lessons, but I can reference the the YouTube playlist that each lesson was focused on.
The "12 Principles of Animation" video series by Alan Becker is a very good series to watch if you want to understand these principles quickly. The videos are only a few minutes long, but explain the topic well and get the point across easily.
I made animation tests that explored more into the principles, looking more into follow through and arcs.
I was looking at follow through here, trying to imagine the way that long hair would flow if someone was falling. It seems to have worked somewhat. Perhaps it would flap more wildly. I'm not in a position to ask someone to freefall safely however, so other animations, such as anime or cartoons will have to do for future research.
When looking at arcs, I tried my hand at a head turn again, going for a creature this time.
I think I made it a bit too fast, I could extend the two ends of the head turn so that there is a nice pause, breaking up the speed a bit. That would make this animation better.
There was a bit of research done into little details as well, I looked into cloth animation, to see how to animate cloth movement around a body. For this I found this tutorial on YouTube, that showed how to draw out the frames so that the cloth followed through more naturally.
When I tried to replicate this tutorial I tried on flatter cloth, just to get a feel for it first, and not have to worry about folds.
I don't think I really succeeded here. It's a bit stiff, and very unnatural. This requires a lot more research into the topic before I will be entirely happy. Though this is a good first attempt, it seems very surreal. I might have been restricted by having two separate animations in the same loop, hence limiting the fames I had to work with, since they had to match in length to make a complete cycle.
Another thing I looked at was facial animation, and I looked up several clips from different anime such as "Sword Art Online" and "Assassination Classroom", where the characters faces are very expressive.
I also went onto Pinterest and found a board full of different expressions for animation. So with the help of a reflective surface, I found one of the expressions on the Pinterest board and twisted my face to look like it, then tried to animate the expression in a suitable fashion.
There's something off about this animation that I can't place my finger on, I think that generally in animation tears aren't looped, and just run down once and stay, signifying an endless stream of tears.
Looking into expressions also closely ties into lip sync which I researched a bit. The expression on the character's face can change the meaning behind a sentence, just as the tone of voice that is used. The "Animation Notes #9" page of the Center of Animation and Interactive Media website explains the importance of body language in a character as well, the unnamed author says 'give your character something to do during the dialogue sequence.' ("Lip Sync Animation", n.d.) Even the smallest guesture can show something about the character's personality while they are talking, accenting details that give life to the character. The author of this webpage also states that 'the delivery of the dialogue during recording will often dictate where these accents should fall.' As such, you wouldn't give furiously spoken dialogue to a depressed expression, just as a cheerful grin doesn't match dead toned lines.
One article that has really helped was "10 best animation tips & tricks" by Kenny Roy on the CreativeBloq website. These are very useful points, some of them I discovered first hand how useful they were, such as 'a mirror is a dangerous thing'. Roy states that it is very dangerous to use in lip sync, but in any animation, I have discovered, it is dangerous, as when you slow down your movement to try and capture it, you are far more likely to overexagerate the movement or even underexagerate it, making it less natural.
The last tip on this list is 'do more of less'. And it suggests doing more shorter shots for practice, and to practice the length of shot that you are most likely to encounter in the industry, which Roy says "will rarely be more than 10 seconds." I find this is a very good piece of advice that I believe my lecturers and old teachers have been trying to teach me for quite a while. My apologies to them.
During this project I also started looking at different animation software that I could use, other than Adobe Animate, to work around some of the limitations in Animate, such as brushes with very few size options and no opacity on layers. The first thing I researched in this was animating in Adobe Photoshop, which is what Aileen-Rose uses to create her animations. I found a tutorial on YouTube that explained the basics to animating in Photoshop. Hamilton Cline, the video's author, goes into detail about video layers in Photoshop. I did manage to find the timeline window in Photoshop, while experimenting with one of my images that I have many layers on.
I haven't experimented further with this however, choosing instead to look for more software that I could use, but since I already own Photoshop, this seems to be the most viable option.
Toon Boom Harmony has many different animation tools to use, and looks like it is a great program for animators. It has a 21 day free trial, which is a tad strange, since most free trials are either 7 or 30 days. Toon Boom, like Adobe, is a subscription based program, starting at $15 per month for the Essentials pack, $38 for the Advanced pack, and $73 for the Premium. In comparison to Anime Studio, Toon Boom has a much neater appearance and appears to be easier to navigate.
Of these programs, Photoshop still seems to be the easiest to learn, mainly because I already have it, and am paying for it. Though in future, these other programs will be good to look at, even recommend to others looking for animation software.
This has been a very long blog post, perhaps not my longest, but still long. I hope I haven't killed your interest. I'm sorry that this is so late and so long, this blog was meant to be in two parts, but I chose to place both parts in one post due to it being so late. So I thank-you for reading this long post, and I'll see you all tomorrow.
– Williams, R. (2009). The animator's survival kit. London: Faber and Faber.