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Kangeiko and Shochugeiko
In 1939, I was told about the Kangeiko and the Shochugeiko at the Kodokan for the judo. I was then a strong 3rd dan in Britain and I was not at all upset by the idea of practising during the heat or practising in the early morning in the extreme cold of the winter. There were one or two foreigners at the Kodokan at that time. They told me that the Kangeiko especially was terrifying. It was freezing cold in the Japanese winter, much colder than in Britain, and there was no heating in the Kodokan. But I thought, "Oh no, I know all about this", and I waited for the winter without any anxiety at all. I had thought it would be like some of the Western austerities which sportsmen do. I did not know that the real idea of the Kangeiko is something quite different from the Western idea of dogged endurance and fighting spirit.
Westerners are often surprised when they first hear about the Kangeiko in Japanese Budo. We have the idea of training oneself in endurance of heat and cold, but it is not the same thing. When I was a student, every fortnight I used to get up at about four o'clock on Sunday mornings and run through the night to a small lake at Hampstead Heath. There I met about a dozen others, mostly students like myself. We changed and plunged into the lake. In summer it was pleasant, but in winter it was very cold. There was an official sent by the London Country Council to be there in a little boat with a life belt in case one of the swimmers had a heart attack. He also broke the ice, if necessary. Most of us just dived in and came out quickly, but one day I tried to swim across the little lake. When I got to the middle where it was deep, I felt a terrible pain in the middle of my chest. I turned round and managed to get back. I never tried this again.
When I went to Japan in the late 1930s, I saw a man clad in a very thin robe of cotton standing in midwinter under the jet of water from the roof of one of the temples of Kiyomizudera. He was taking the water right on the top of his shaved head, and he was shouting certain syllables and making gestures with his hands. I realized this must be a religious practice of endurance, and I thought to myself why this is the sort of thing which we did in the lake at Hampstead, and I felt a fellow feeling with him. I knew what he was feeling. There was something like it, in fact, at the Kodokan in the 1930s. There was no hot water at all and in the showers: there was simply a jet of icy water from a pipe. After practice the students used to jump under it, rub their hands quickly over their bodies and then jump out again. However, I used to stand under it sometimes a bit longer.
One day a rather fanatical looking judo man came under the next shower to mine, and he too stood there. He looked at me challengingly. I realized he was going to stay there until I had come out, then he would come out. He wanted to show the superiority of the Japanese spirit. But this, I suppose, roused something of the English spirit in me, and I stayed there too. I was used to taking cold showers at home sometimes for a minute in winter as an endurance test for myself. I had found the best way is to take the jet on one side of the neck by bending the head, then after half a minute to bend the head to the other side and take the cold water on the other side of the neck and face. I used to alternate in this way and I did so now at the Kodokan. But he stood there like the man at the Kiyomizudera taking the stream tight on top of his head. Well, we stood there looking at each other out of the corner of the eye until my body at last felt quite numb. Finally, we looked at each other directly and then by a sort of unspoken agreement we stepped out together at the same moment. The contest was a draw. Next day I saw him at the dojo and I could see that his head was very painful. By taking the water right on top of the head, he had got neuralgic pains. A doctor later on told me this.
Now this sort of austerity did nothing except strengthen the will. It had nothing to do with judo or swimming or anything like that so it was quite different from the Kangeiko. The point of the Kangeiko is not simply to endure cold but to be able to do judo, even when the body is only thirty or forty percent efficient because of the cold. We do not have this idea in the West as a formal training procedure. Individuals know it sometimes, but it is not an understood tradition and as a result many of us feel that unless the circumstances are good we cannot do anything. For instance, there are sportsmen who are very good on a fine day, but if the day is a bad one because of rain, for instance, in golf, their game collapses. They say, "Oh, I cannot do anything". We are more easily upset by some outside circumstance than those who have trained in the Kangeiko. Singers do not train to sing in extreme cold, but if they did the Kangeiko they would not be easily upset when they felt a little ill or when some other circumstance was difficult.
My father was a very good professional musician, one of the best violinists of his generation in Britain. He knew many top musicians. For instance, he knew the famous Russian bass Chaliapin. He told me that though Chaliapin had a wonderful voice there were at least six others in the world whose voices were just as good or better. I said, "Then who are they? Why have we never heard of them?" He said, "I will tell you why. I have seen Chaliapin come to the concert hall when he was ill. In his dressing room he looked so ill that I thought he cannot get on to the stage even. How can he sing? But when he got up on to the stage, he was in full voice giving these Russian songs with tremendous energy and spirit, beautifully sung. Then after the concert he went back to the dressing room and he simply fainted".
My father said those other singers would not have been able to sing if they felt a little ill, or they would have sung badly. But Chaliapin had this inner hardness, and my father told me that all the top musicians had a tremendous inner hardness. It is not just a question of music. Now Chaliapin had got this training, I do not know how, but we do not have the idea of training like this to sing even when one feels ill, or to do judo when one is very very cold, so I think the Kangeiko system gives many advantages for life. Those who do it are not disturbed in their lives by difficulties. If the body is only thirty percent efficient, we must accept: yes, it is only thirty percent and then we produce that thirty percent. But many Westerners feel, "Oh I can't do anything when I am so cold". They do not even produce the thirty percent. They say,"Oh no, you can't expect me to do anything". A golf champion Jacklin told me he did not play golf, he did not practise on very cold days because he thought it would harm his bodily coordination and touch. He was a wonderful player, but the conditions had to be rather good.
I had an injury to my right hand which meant that I could not write for about a month with the right hand. I had to write with the left hand. In those days the houses did not have typewriters so I realized my writing would have to be very slow and difficult. I wrote with a pencil and it took me an hour to write a page. But by writing slowly and patiently I could do it. I accepted my writing will be very slow, but I can write with the left hand. A bit later a friend of mine also injured his right hand and had to write with the left. I watched him once. He was always in a temper when he wrote with the left hand. He would try to write quickly. Then it would be very bad, because he could not control his hand well. Then he would get angry and write very, very slowly. That was better but he soon became impatient and tried to write quickly again, and often the letter became unreadable and he had to write it again. He could not accept the poor writing from his left hand. He was always wanting his untrained left hand to do as well as the right hand. But it could not. He had never done Judo and it gave me an idea of how valuable the Kangeiko exercise is.
In the Kangeiko we know the body is clumsy – we do not try delicate waza like Kouchi or De ashi harai. We know the body will not be able to do the timing. We use Koshi waza and Osotogari where the precision and timing are not so necessary, and we can use the same principle when we have some disadvantage in an activity in life.
Even experienced professionals among us are upset by some very small thing. I remember how, when I was a boy, a famous violinist used to come to London every year to give concerts. I heard this story about him. He used to play with his eyes half shut, but sometimes he would open them and look at the audience for a moment. Now generally the listeners in such a concert have their eyes half shut or completely shut to enjoy the music better. This violinist glanced at the audience and he saw that they were all wide eyed. They seemed to be looking at him with great intensity. He was surprised but went on playing. Then he looked at the audience again. They were still staring at the stage, but he now saw that they were not looking at him. Still playing, he turned a little and surveyed the stage and he saw that there was a big cat walking slowly across it. He realised that the audience were watching the cat with fascination. He gave a shout of fury and left the platform and said, "I will never again play to these British people who are more interested in a cat than in music".
I do not know whether there is an example like this from Japan. But anyway, if the violinist had been a Kangeiko man, I think he would just have gone on playing beautifully without thinking about anything else.
I think there are some Japanese who practise the Kangeiko simply as a test of endurance and fighting spirit. This is the Western way of looking at such things but, in fact, the Kangeiko has a much deeper meaning. We have in the West a phrase: "It is in working within limitations that the master reveals himself". This means that when conditions are perfect and everything necessary is available many people can make a success of things. But it is when some things are not available that the master shows his mastery because he can find a way even without those apparently necessary things. Now I think Kangeiko is meant as a test of mastery under limitations. As I said, in Kangeiko we recognize that the body is not efficient, but the master will change his judo or whatever it is that he is practising in Kangeiko.
In judo he will recognize by his feeling that the opponent too has slow reactions so he can do many things which in an ordinary randori he would not be able to do. For instance, I saw at the Kangeiko in one year a very small man – and this was in the time when there were no weight categories – throwing large men very successfully by a sort of variation of Seoinage. He would suddenly catch the bottom end of the Eri of their judogi on their left side, come in quickly for Seoi and bring his right hand holding the judogi across his right shoulder. When he straightened his knees, the other man was lifted from the floor as if by a hydraulic jack. His arms were free but he was taken over. Now normally the opponent's reactions would be able to anticipate this attack and prevent it, but in the Kangeiko the reactions were slow and this small man was very successful with his unexpected right hand hoisting Seoinage. So I believe that one of the purposes of Kangeiko which Dr. Kano approved of is to train one in working under limitations and to be creative under those limitations. We can say, "Well, what use will this be in life?" Dr. Kano stressed that the training of judo was not only for the tatami but for life.
Well, I saw an example of this in broadcasting which is my own field. I was a broadcaster for nearly twenty-five years in the BBC. In the World Service of the BBC we used to have a news bulletin of ten minutes in what is called Basic English. This means using a vocabulary of only 850 words. The editors in the newsroom used to do this bulletin for one or two months each as part of their duties. Now the purpose of the programme was to give the news in very simple English to foreign listeners who knew only a little English. The news editors did not try to write good BBC stylish English. They thought it is impossible with only 850 words, so the news bulletin was like a telegram. It gave the facts very clearly but there was no charm or style in it and it was, well, very basic. However, one of the editors whom I knew and who had done some judo took this as a challenge.
He determined to write English which would be natural and attractive even with this tiny vocabulary. The bulletin in Basic English which he wrote came on the air normally it was, I think, at ten minutes to twelve noon, and when he was at a meeting at that time he said to the meeting, "Let's just hear the news for a few minutes", and most of them agreed to hear the latest news. Then he switched on this programme. Now many of them listened and they did not realise that they were listening to Basic English. It was done so skillfully and naturally with only 850 words that it sounded like normal English. I can remember one example. The official news bulletin said something like this, "The French spokesman M. Bicat asserted that the scheme could not be implemented and, even if it were, it would not achieve its objective." Now my friend's basic English bulletin had this same sentence in Basic English. It was like this, "For France, M. Bicat said that the plan could not be put through and, in any case, it could not work". Now that read so naturally that we did not realize the restrictions of the basic English vocabulary.
This is an example of working within limitations creatively. But this was the enthusiasm of one man and his creative skill. We do not have any training method for this, and I believe that the Kangeiko is a training method for working creatively within limitations, not only of the materials but also of one's own body.
Some Japanese think that the Kangeiko and the Shochugeiko are simply a question of doing one's normal judo or kendo bravely and defiantly, disregarding the cold or the heat or the fatigue. But there is much more to be learned from these practices and perhaps they will be a contribution to the idea of training for life through Budo.
© Trevor Leggett
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The place of emotion in Yoga and Zen in the form of questions and answers 4 views
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Beyond the tangle of words 2 views
Fatalism – Apathetics Anonymous 1 view
When the archer misses the target he doesn't blame the target 1 view
Beyond the tangle of words
The Bhagavad Gita takes us beyond words
The world illusion is called Maya and it is projected by the Lord
Little by little, reduce thoughts and words
The projection of the world is the very nature of God
A Hundred Hearings. Not Like One Seeing
The only way to win is to forget
We think by breaking rules we shall get freedom
Worldly people aim at triumph, spiritual people aim at success
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Yoga must make us creative
Even a little of this Dharma relieves from anxiety
When the archer misses the target he doesn't blame the target
Fatalism – Apathetics Anonymous
A string of pearls, is an image used in the Bhagavad Gita
The depths of the mind are not changed by what we do on the surface
The Transformation of Karma Yoga
Janaka had samyag darshana – right vision of the Self
Karma Yoga has the three elements and they're based on the buddhi
It is impossible for the karma yogi to practice Jnana Yoga
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Who won the Gold award?
Is album of the year a Daesang?
What is the highest Telly Award?
What is the Heart of Gold award?
Who won the iconic Gold Award in 2021?
Who won best Jodi in Gold Awards 2020?
Critics Awards
2016 Devoleena Bhattacharjee Saath Nibhaana Saathiya
Dipika Kakkar Sasural Simar Ka
2017 Mouni Roy Naagin 2
2018 Jennifer Winget Bepanaah
The Mnet Asian Music Award for Album of the Year (올해의 앨범상) is a daesang (or grand prize) award presented annually by CJ E&M (Mnet).
Does everyone win a Telly Award?
Historically, Bronze Telly Award Winners typically have represented about 18 to 25% of entrants. It is important to note that some categories may have multiple winners, and some may not have any.
What are the Davey Awards?
The annual International Davey Awards honors the achievements of the "Creative Davids" who derive their strength from big ideas, rather than stratospheric budgets.
How are the Telly Awards judged? The judges rate each entry on a 10-‐point scale. Generally, entries with a score from our judges of 9.0 or higher are awarded a "Silver Telly" statuette, our highest honor.
The "Heart of Gold" Award is a new and prestigious award presented at partnering dance competitions and dance conventions across the nation. Judges are looking for dancers who show the MOST heart, soul and passion in their performance. Winners name and competition will be posted on our "Heart of Gold" Winners Page.
What college quarterback was presented with the Golden Arm award for the 1999 season?
Chris Redman
1998 Cade McNown UCLA
1999 Chris Redman Louisville
2000 Chris Weinke Florida State (3)
2001 David Carr Fresno State
How do you get a Telly Award?
The Telly Awards recognizes work that has been created on the behalf of a client, for a specific brand and/or company (including your own) or self-directed as a creative endeavor.
Iconic Gold Awards 2021 Winners List: Shivangi Joshi, Debattama-Karanvir, Rrahul-Helly & Others Win Big. The most-awaited and prestigious awards of the year, Iconic Gold Awards 2021 was held yesterday (September 25) in Mumbai. The awards ceremony was graced by who's who from the television industry.
Gold Awards 2020 Winner List in Style and Glamour Category:
Hina Khan:Diva of TV Industry and Social Media Diva.
Gauhar Khan: Most stylish reality star.
Helly Shah: Most Stylish TV Star.
Prince Narula & Yuvika Chaudhary: Most Stylish Jodi Of The Year.
Surbhi-Chandna.
Shakti-Arora.
Nikita-Dutta.
Drashti-Dhami.
What are the 4 Daesangs?
Artist of the Year.
Album of the Year.
Song of the Year.
Worldwide Icon of the Year (since 2018)
Why did Curtis leave Misfits?
How much RAM can a early 2009 iMac take?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


NATO Special Operations Headquarters (NSHQ) determined a need for an air wing after years of conducting operations in Afghanistan. Air enablers are critical to Special Operations Forces combat effectiveness. This capability is not assembled overnight, and training and equipment are vital to mission success. Under the new national strategy for a Smart Defense approach, a Rapid Analysis of Alternatives is needed to find the best way to establish an NSHQ Air Wing. In order to pursue a Smart Defense approach, the U.S. strategy needs to provide a short-term plan for rapid implementation. As the framework nation for the NSHQ, the U.S. would bear much of the economic burden for developing this capability. The most cost-effective approach to this strategy is to employ Excess Defense Articles for immediate use in NATO. The retiring CH-47D and UH-60L aircraft are proven capabilities still being used in Afghanistan and provide a stop-gap solution with low cost to the U.S. This solution provides an immediate capability to support NSHQ and provides time for member nations to begin training while working through political issues. In the long term, this strategy alleviates the U.S.s cost burden and allows NATO to have a larger role in future conflicts.


Pat is one of the most practical yet innovated engineers I have worked with in my 30 years of Healthcare Facilities work. He takes the time to listen to the client's needs and truly understands how the facility operates before recommending any solutions. When Pat is on your team you can expect a collaborative approach to design with your particular facility needs at the forefront.
Pat joined SSR in 1987 as a Mechanical Engineer and has spent over 40 years honing his engineering skills. He has unique perspectives on all facets of a healthcare facility's construction, maintenance, and engineering.
Pat is widely known for his mechanical engineering accomplishments. As a result, he was named to be a member of Consulting-Specifying Engineer magazine's Editorial Advisory Board. As a board member he is a regular contributing author and provides peer reviews for articles prior to their publication. He has written several articles related to engineering topics including: Unleash Communications from their Email Chain; In Engineering What Really Matters; HVAC: Documenting ASHRAE 62.1 Compliance; Smoke Control in Healthcare Facilities Parts1 & 2; IAQ: Infection Control In Hospitals; Designing Laboratory Ventilation Systems and Mechanical Engineering: What Are We In For? He is also a co-author of the article Smoke Damper Testing & Maintenance.
Pat earned a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering at Texas A&M University in 1972. He is a registered engineer in eight states.
Pat enjoys fishing, yard work, and spending time with his family. His theme song is "What a Wonderful World" by Louis Armstrong but, Z Z Top is first on his play list. His favorite office decorations are family photos and a miniature John Deere tractor.


text:
MGS Characters, MPO Characters, Projects,
Military Groups
Sons of Big Boss
Characters of player-determined status
Enemy soldiers
Bosses in Metal Gear Solid
Next-Generation Special Forces
The units of the Genome Army (left to right): NBC, light infantry, Arctic warfare, and heavy troops.
The Next-Generation Special Forces, also known as the Genome Army and Genome Soldiers, and nicknamed the Space SEALs,[1] were a top secret United States Army black ops unit that specialized in counter-terrorism. They also served as reserve members of Unit FOXHOUND.
2.1 Background
2.2 Shadow Moses Incident
2.3 Post-Shadow Moses
3 Weaponry and equipment
4 Genome Soldier types
5 Asymmetry Theory
6 Unconfirmed history
7.1 The Twin Snakes
7.2 Portable Ops Plus
7.3 Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes
10 Notes and references
The Genome Soldiers were organized to cope with terrorist incidents specifically involving weapons of mass destruction typified in nuclear, biological and chemical warfare. Its members were strengthened through gene therapy, having either been injected with the "soldier genes" of Big Boss, or otherwise having their nucleotide alignment rearranged to resemble Big Boss' DNA. Many also underwent VR training, guided by the Force XXI concept, but had little or no actual field experience.
In February 2005, the unit took part in an insurrection against the U.S. Government on Shadow Moses Island.
Warning: The following information is from outside Hideo Kojima's core "Metal Gear Saga." It has some level of canonicity within the continuity, but reader discretion is advised.[?]
The idea for the Genome Army project stemmed from late 1970, when Zero requested for Ocelot to join the Patriots as well as aid him in a project relating to battle data gained from the Perfect Soldier, Null.[2] Likewise, a rumor persisted about "soldier genes," to which the rogue FOX commander Gene, the byproduct of the Successor Project, speculated to be true after he was defeated by Big Boss.[3]
Non-"Metal Gear Saga" information ends here.
An Arctic warfare trooper in cold weather gear.
According to Liquid Snake, the Gulf War Syndrome was actually a side effect of early Genome Soldier experiments by the the Pentagon, along with the so-called "Gulf War Babies" that veterans reported. The side effects were glossed over through claims that they were the result of exposure to depleted uranium tank rounds, alongside post-traumatic stress disorder and anti-sarin injections.
The Genome Soldier project was headed by Dr. Clark. One of the guinea pigs in her gene therapy experiments was Gray Fox, recovered from the battlefield after being mortally wounded in Zanzibar Land in 1999. Even though military use of genetic therapy was banned under international law, the U.S. government secretly carried out the project anyway since the laws were simply declarations and not actual treaties.[4]
The Next-Generation Special Forces were formed as a counter-terrorist unit comprised of former members of biochem units, technical escort teams and the Nuclear Emergency Search Team. Their original purpose was to neutralize NBC threats. After the "death" of Big Boss and the downfall of Zanzibar Land, members of Big Boss' mercenary dispatch company Outer Heaven were integrated into the unit after the U.S. Government purchased their contracts. The team subsequently merged with the U.S. Army's VR program, Force XXI, and were given VR training.
A genetic experiment, like that used to identify "soldier genes."
Afterwards, they were secretly enhanced with Big Boss's "soldier genes," giving them augmented senses, reflexes, and combat skills. This was accomplished through the realignment of nucleotides to mimic Big Boss' genes, making the subjects "digital" copies, in a sense. This genetic inheritance made Les Enfants Terribles subject Liquid Snake, an "analog" clone, regard the Genome Soldiers as siblings.[5]
All of the Genome Soldiers achieved high grades in their psychological tests, which led other members of the military to remain unsuspicious of them. However, a month prior to the Shadow Moses Incident, the soldiers were reported to have consulted classified information relating to the soldier genes, as well as performing their own gene therapy experiments. They were successful in doing so due to the process being almost completely automated, as well as possessing IQ levels higher than 180.
Main article: Shadow Moses Incident
Heavily armed troopers storm the holding cells to attack Solid Snake and Meryl Silverburgh.
In February 2005, the Next-Generation Special Forces took part in a secret weapons testing exercise on Shadow Moses Island, Alaska. Because of the nature of the climate and weather conditions of Shadow Moses, the Next-Generation Special Forces were injected with an antifreeze glycopeptide. The Genome Army and FOXHOUND (under Liquid Snake's command) staged an insurrection on the island, taking over the nuclear facility where Metal Gear REX was secretly being developed along holding hostages: DARPA Chief Donald Anderson and ArmsTech President Kenneth Baker. The terrorists (calling themselves the Sons of Big Boss) threatened to launch a nuclear strike if the remains of Big Boss were not delivered to them in less than 24 hours. Almost the entire NGSF unit were subverted to rebellion, with some members supporting Liquid's cause of their own free will, while others were brainwashed by Psycho Mantis. It was later revealed that the Genome Soldiers had begun to suffer from a genetic disorder as a result of their gene therapy treatments, and that Big Boss' remains was the key to their survival.
Three Genome Soldiers guard the communication towers walkway.
During the incident, Arctic warfare troops patrolled the outdoor areas of the facility, while light infantry guarded most of the building interiors. NBC troops patrolled the warhead storage building, where they would utilize chemical weapons to deter potential intruders and escapees, while relying on their protective gear.[6] Heavily armed troops were deployed on several occasions to battle Solid Snake, but were ultimately defeated in combat. Four Genome Soldiers, equipped with stolen stealth camouflage prototypes, attempted to kill Snake after ambushing him in an elevator, but they too were unsuccessful.
After Psycho Mantis' death at the hands of Solid Snake, Liquid speculated that the soldiers may begin to lose morale, since their brainwashing would eventually wear off.
Post-Shadow Moses
Nearly all of the Genome Soldiers that survived the rebellion were transferred to Pease AFB in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, where they were imprisoned. Nastasha Romanenko implied in her exposé that this was done in order for the government to continue experimenting on them.[7] However, one member (Johnny Sasaki) was somehow able to avoid this fate.
Weaponry and equipment
The Genome Soldiers were equipped with many different kinds of weapons. They included:
FAMAS G1 - French 5.56 Assault rifle. It is a bullpup style assault rifle and the main firearm of the Genome Soldiers. Holds a 25 round box magazine. Can accommodate an M203 grenade launcher as an add-on module under the hand guard.[8]
M9 - Italian 9 mm handgun. The soldiers with assault shields will use this handgun at the same time to shoot at Snake. Uses a 15 round magazine
SPAS 12 - Italian 12 gauge combat shotgun. Holds 8 rounds. Only used by combat teams dispatched via backup request.[8]
MK 23 SOCOM - German/American .45 ACP handgun. Holds 12 rounds.
PSG1 - West German 7.62 sniper rifle. Holds 5 rounds or 20. Sniper Wolf's favorite weapon as well.
M67 Frag - American standard issue fragmentation grenade.
Genome Soldier types
There were four main types of Genome Soldiers:
Nuclear, Biological & Chemical warfare troops
Arctic warfare troops
Heavily armed troops
In addition to the above, there was also a fifth type of Genome Soldier that utilized dark-colored fatigues and gas masks. During the Shadow Moses Incident, they fought against Solid Snake on the communications tower, its walkway, and the freight elevator in the underground maintenance base.
Asymmetry Theory
The Asymmetry Theory refers to genetic diversity, which plays a large part in determining whether organisms of a particular species can adapt to their environment and survive. If a species is not genetically diverse then all of its members are at risk of infection, or death, from a certain disease that they can not adapt to.
Human cloning led to a reduction in genetic diversity. Because Solid Snake and Liquid Snake were essentially genetic copies of Big Boss, their immune system, too, was identical. Therefore, if a virus came along that their particular immune system could not adapt to, they were in danger of simply dying off. This, to Liquid's mind, solidified his notion that the Genome Soldiers were on the verge of death at the genetic level.
Unconfirmed history
The following information has been detailed in official Konami-licensed media, written by various external authors. Its status in the Metal Gear canon is unconfirmed.[?]
The "cream of the crop" in regards to the Next-General Special Forces were the Genome Combat Veterans, having taken part in hundreds of sorties, both simulated and real.[9] Clad in spec-ops "black owl" Kevlar-armored fatigues, they were involved in the last stages of their genome therapy to become "Space SEALs." Combat Veterans had accurate aiming skills and were also trained in fighting with Optic Camouflage.
During the Shadow Moses Incident, the Combat Veterans transported containers of explosives and Stinger missiles/launchers around the base, while bragging about their success and discussing the other hostages.[10] The contents were originally supposed to be delivered to Liquid Snake, but Solid Snake managed to pocket them after they left them. Also, they were originally supposed to deliver a third container to Liquid, but it ended up stolen by the intruder.
By the time of Solid Snake's infiltration into Metal Gear REX's underground base, the Genome Soldiers who had undergone brainwashing by Psycho Mantis had retreated into the Alaskan wilderness, due to their loss of morale.[11]
Space SEALs were first mentioned in the instruction manual and official strategy guide for Metal Gear Solid, described as being the nickname of the Genome Soldiers, though they were not identified by this name in-game. "Space SEALs" were later mentioned in the official novelization by Raymond Benson, this time to specifically refer to "Genome Combat Veterans." This was likely done in order to bring attention to the fact that there were indeed some Genome Soldiers with actual field experience, despite the unit often being described otherwise in several sources.
Johnny Sasaki, a surviving Genome Soldier, appears in Metal Gear Solid, Metal Gear Solid 2 (voice cameos), and most notably in Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots as "Akiba." It is never revealed whether or not he possessed the same genetic mutations as the other Genome Soldiers, or indeed, if he even underwent any gene therapy, due to his fear of needles.
The Twin Snakes
Promotional screenshot from The Twin Snakes showing the arctic variants of the Heavily Armed Troops.
In Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes, because of the inclusion of game mechanics from Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, the Genome Soldiers will often give a status report on the radio during patrol. If the player knocks a Genome Soldier out, he will bear risk of entering caution mode if the unconscious soldier fails to report back on time. Likewise, the Genome Soldiers also practice the CQB clearing search during an evasion phase.
Unlike the original PlayStation version, the Heavily Armed Troops no longer patrol areas and only appear when they're called for backup or during scripted events. As a result, areas that were patrolled by HAT soldiers in the PS1 version, such as the Armory and REX's Lair, are now patrolled by Light Infantry soldiers. In addition to the standard HAT soldiers, The Twin Snakes introduces an arctic variant that are called for backup in outdoor areas patrolled by Arctic Warfare soldiers (such as the Heliport or the Canyon). They are dressed just like arctic soldiers, but wear green bulletproof vests and white helmets. HAT soldiers are now armed with riot shields and handguns in addition to the FAMAS rifles they were equipped in the original game.
During the briefing sequence, when Naomi describes to Snake the origins of the Genome Soldier project, Snake sarcastically responds that it's a "dinosaur theme park," referring to the 1990 novel and 1993 summer blockbuster film adaptation Jurassic Park. This reference did not exist in the English localization of the original Metal Gear Solid.
Portable Ops Plus
An Arctic warfare Genome Soldier in Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops Plus.
"GENOME SOLDIER
Soldiers genetically modified for warfare. As members of the high-tech Next-Gen Special Forces anti-terrorism unit, they have undergone VR Training based on the Force 21 trials."
―Official bio on the Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops Plus official site
"A soldier who has undergone gene therapy to enhance combat abilities. These "next-gen Special Forces", intended for counterterrorism operations, where given VR training based upon the "Force 21" concept."
―Official description in Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops Plus
Genome Soldiers, more specifically the arctic warfare variety, can be recruited and used in Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops Plus. They are equipped with the FAMAS as their standard issue firearm. Their voices were reused from the Soviet soldiers.
The player can change the soldiers' uniform color by using an item called the Heart of Justice, giving them a similar appearance to the Super Sentai of the similarly titled Japanese superhero franchise (localized in North America as Power Rangers). What color they change to depends on their overall stats (and according to their bios, their overall demeanor), with Black being the rarest. A special version of the Black Genome Soldier was offered as a wireless download for the Japanese version at the Tokyo Game Show in 2007,[12] which had been given the name Burakku (Romanization for "Black"), 50000 EXP, 310 Life, 620 Stamina, 60 Sense, and careers of Athlete Ball Game and Player-Personnel Director.[13]
Upright Heart/Heart of Justice Genome Soldiers.
"A Genome Soldier awakened to the color red by the Heart of Justice. While not outstanding in any respect, the Red Soldier definitely stands out in a crowd. Takes the initiative and is the driving force behind his team. Has a strong sense of responsibility."
―Official description in Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops
"A Genome Soldier awakened to the color blue by the Heart of Justice. The Blue Soldier is highly capable and level-headed, but doesn't like to display emotions. As a result, tends to remain aloof in battle. In reality, though, has more passion inside than anybody else."
"A Genome Soldier awakened to the color green by the Heart of Justice. The Green Soldier has a warm personality and a wealth of experience, earning trust and admiration from other members of the team. Enjoys the occasional cup of strong tea."
"A Genome Soldier awakened to the color yellow by the Heart of Justice. The Yellow Soldier's cheerful personality lights up any situation. Generally perceived as mood makers, but dependable in a fight. Loves a good bowl of curry."
"A Genome Soldier awakened to the color black by the Heart of Justice. The Black Soldier is extremely capable and a jack-of-all-trades, but prefers solitude and is misunderstood by other soldiers."
"A Genome Soldier awakened to the color pink by the Heart of Justice. A gentle demeanor and sharp senses give the Pink Soldier a keen insight into all types of problems. They support their team by being alert to what's going on around them at all times."
In addition, both the standard Genome soldiers and the six colored Genome soldiers can be recruited via passcode, with their specific passcodes varying depending on whether the game is the Japanese or the American version. The passwords are as follows:
Genome Soldier (White) LMNLQCLPSOCM QJ4ZTQSLUT8
Genome Soldier (Red) FEJIBFVSQ 9CM4SY23C7X8
Genome Soldier (Blue) DTAOHESNN 9GNPHGFFLH
Genome Soldier (Green) DZZXGBDMGE TGQ6F5TUHD
Genome Soldier (Yellow) ASGJNBBGSX CE5HHYGTSSB
Genome Soldier (Black) KEJTTKUVPWSA WYNGG3JBP3YS
Genome Soldier (Pink) HTITXXOOI 7WRG3N2MRY2
Although the Genome Soldiers don't appear in Portable Ops itself, they were alluded to twice: The first time when Gene considered the possibility of the rumor of soldier genes being true after he was defeated by Big Boss, and the second time during Ocelot's call with his employer, when the latter alluded to gaining battle data for the Perfect Soldier, and requested for Ocelot's help in the project.
Although the colored Genome soldiers do not make a reappearance after Portable Ops Plus, the player can customize their characters to possess a similar appearance to them in Metal Gear Online 3.[14]
The Genome Soldiers, alongside FOXHOUND, appears as enemies in the Déjà Vu mission in Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes, albeit only as skin-over soldiers wielding the same weaponry as the regular soldiers in the main game. They will only appear if the player is using the Classic Snake or Cyborg Ninja skin. Otherwise, they will appear as Marines.
Metal Gear Solid/Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes
Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops (indirect mention)
Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops Plus (non-canon)
Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes (Déjà Vu mission only; non-canon)
Profile in The Art of Metal Gear Solid.
Various concept illustrations in The Art of Metal Gear Solid.
Concept art of a heavily armed arctic warfare soldier in The Art of Metal Gear Solid 1.5.
Light infantry wallpaper.
A heavily armed trooper patrols the armory in Metal Gear Solid.]]
Black Genome Soldier in Portable Ops Plus.
Colored Genome soldier-esque soldiers in Metal Gear Online 3. The player can customize them via purchasing certain gear and colors to make them look like this.
^ Metal Gear Solid (manual), Konami Computer Entertainment Japan (1998).
The name "Space SEAL" is presumably a reference to the United States Navy SEALs.
^ Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops, Kojima Productions (2006).
Ocelot: ...Battle data... ...from the Perfect Soldier [Null]? [...] Genes... genome... [...] ...I see... Intriguing... I'll help you with the project. But on one condition... I want him to join us. [...] Yes, Big Boss... So that we can become the Patriots.
Gene: That story about "soldier genes"... Perhaps it was true after all. You [Big Boss] are the true Successor...
^ Metal Gear Solid, Konami Computer Entertainment Japan (1998).
Solid Snake: "I thought international law banned the military use of genetic therapy."// Naomi Hunter: "Yes, but those are just declarations, not actual treaties."
Liquid Snake: That's right... The Genome Soldiers that you've [Solid Snake] been killing are our brothers, with the same genes as ours. // Solid Snake: The Genome Soldiers!? Liquid: That's right. They are our brothers, created artificially through the alignment of nucleotides to mimic our father's genes. They too are the product of numerous sacrifices. // [...] Snake: So then... the so called Gulf War Babies that have been reported by Gulf War veterans are... // Liquid: Yes... They too our are brothers and sisters.
^ Metal Gear Solid, Konami Computer Entertainment Japan (1998)
Solid Snake: It looks like they're equipped with gas masks. // Meryl Silverburgh: That's because they are not supposed to use heavy arms. // Snake: Ah. You mean they use chemical weapons, instead.
^ Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, Konami Computer Entertainment Japan (2001).
In the Darkness of Shadow Moses: The Unofficial Truth: "The survivors from the next-generation commando unit were all removed to the Pease AFB in New Hampshire, ostensibly for training. As far as I know, they remain prisoners there to this day. The government has repeatedly denied allegations of genetically engineering super-soldiers, but rumors that the research continues remain persistent."
^ a b This weapon is featured in The Twin Snakes remake.
^ Metal Gear Solid Official Mission Handbook, Millennium Books (1998).
^ Metal Gear Solid novelization by Raymond Benson, Del Rey Books (2008).
In the novel, Solid Snake notices that many of the places that he had visited were eerily empty, despite the fact that his escape would most likely have raised an alert. Liquid Snake's conversation with Revolver Ocelot in the launch control room for REX implies that the reason why they were missing was because several of them had retreated due to a loss of morale.
^ TGS 2007 info at IT Media
^ http://www10.atwiki.jp/mpoplus/pages/13.html
^ https://twitter.com/HEITAIs/status/820626673762611201
Special Camo Soldier
Retrieved from "https://metalgear.fandom.com/wiki/Next-Generation_Special_Forces?oldid=273040"
MGS Characters
MPO Characters


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Charles R. Culver
Friday, October 8, 2021 2:57 PM
Charles R. Culver, 76, of Albion, IN, and formerly of Huntington, IN, died Wednesday, Oct. 6, 2021, at 1:16 p.m., at Visiting Nurse and Hospice Home.
Mr. Culver served as a Captain in the U.S. Army and spent three years in Germany while he was enlisted. He retired as a production supervisor from Meyers Stamping Incorporated after 30 years of service.
He was born on Oct. 14, 1944, in Bardstown, KY, to John and Mary Case Culver. He married Diana M. Culver on May 1, 1970, in Huntington. She preceded him in death on July 13, 2006.
Survivors include two daughters, Barb (Robert) Eddleman, of Butler, and Jennie Culver, of California; a son, Donald (Mike) Tulley, of Fort Wayne; four brothers and eight sisters; eight grandchildren and 16 great-grandchildren; and girlfriend Josephine Hankey, of Albion.
He was preceded in death by a daughter, Karen Pate.
Calling will take place on Saturday, Oct. 9, 2021, from 4 to 6 p.m., at Bailey-Love Mortuary, Huntington. A funeral service will immediately follow with Mike Tulley officiating.
Memorials may be made to the Visiting Nurse and Hospice Home of Fort Wayne, in care of Bailey-Love Mortuary, 35 W. Park Drive, Huntington, IN 46750.
Sign the online guestbook at baileylove.com.
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Геннадій Леонідович Махорін (, , село Софіївка, Україна) — відповідальний секретар Національної спілки краєзнавців України та автор багатьох краєзнавчих книг. Викладач історії та політології, кандидат історичних наук, доцент кафедри суспільних наук, дослідник-краєзнавець, член Проводу Житомирської обласної ОУН.

Біографія

Народився 25 червня 1965 року в селі Софіївка (Коларівська сільська громада) Новобузького району Миколаївської області в сім'ї молодих спеціалістів. Батько — Махорін Леонід Тимофійович,  а мати — Махоріна (Коріновська) Евеліна Михайлівна, які після навчання були направлені на роботу в племрадгосп цього села. З 1971 року родина переїжджає до Ружина (смт) Житомирської області у зв'язку з переведенням Леоніда Махоріна на іншу посаду.

Освіта

З 1972 по 1982 рр. навчався у Ружинській середній школі.

З 1983 по 1985 рр. проходив строкову військову службу, після чого продовжив навчання в Житомирському державному університеті імені Івана Франка, спеціальність: «Вчитель української мови та літератури».

Одержавши диплом, поїхав згідно направлення в Ружинський район. Працював у школах Ружинщини учителем української мови і літератури, а також історії та правознавства, адже паралельно навчався заочно на історичному факультеті Національного педагогічного університету імені М. П. Драгоманова.

Наукова діяльність
На педагогічній ниві Геннадій Леонідович досяг певних успіхів: троє його вихованців стали призерами Всеукраїнського конкурсу-захисту науково-дослідницьких робіт учнів — членів Малої академії наук України конкурсу науково-дослідних робіт всеукраїнського рівня, учні успішно виступали на обласних предметних олімпіадах з історії та правознавства.

З 2001 по 2011 р. працював на кафедрі історії України Житомирського державного університету імені Івана Франка: спочатку на посаді асистента, а згодом — старшого викладача.

5 жовтня 2007 р. Геннадій Махорін захистив кандидатську дисертацію на тему: «Благодійна діяльність на Волині (1793—1917 рр.): історичний аспект».

З 2011 р. по 2021 р. працює на посаді доцента кафедри суспільних наук Поліського національного університету. Є автором понад 70-ти історико-краєзнавчих книг і брошур, а також чотирьох навчальних посібників та 5 монографій.

З 2001 року Геннадій Леонідович Махорін живе та працює в м. Житомир.

Краєзнавчі дослідження
Геннадій Махорін більше двадцяти років досліджує історію Житомирщини. Першою самостійною роботою стала невелика брошура «Ружинський і Вчорайшенський райони в роки НЕПу 1921—1928 р. р.».

Наступна книга краєзнавця Геннадія Леонідовича «Уклін тобі, рідна школо», написана в співавторстві з учителем Митюком Віктором Олександровичем. У 2000 році на спонсорські кошти надруковано чергову історичну книгу «Ружинщина в нарисах і документах». А 2015 року побачила світ не менш важлива книга історика-краєзнавця Г. Махоріна «Історія транспорту на Житомирщині», в якій читачі зможуть дізнатися цікаві факти про розвиток транспортної мережі Житомирської області, зокрема про транспорт 19 століття і до сьогодення.

З 2016 року Житомирська область має своє, унікальне друковане видання — «Книгу рекордів та досягнень Житомирщини». ЇЇ авторами-впорядниками стали історик Геннадій Махорін та журналіст Іван Саюк. Видання містить факти, які підкреслюють унікальність нашого краю, рідної Житомирщини — природи, багатств, корисних копалин, а головне — видатних досягнень наших земляків.

2020 року побачила досить вагома для Поліського краю нова книга-альбом «Житомирські кияни в історії Києва», в якій автор повернув із забуття славні імена, розповів і підтвердив унікальними світлинами цікаві факти з їх життя і діяльності в Києві за кілька століть, зокрема і вихідців із Житомира. Також у книзі, є розповіді про всесвітньо відомих людей, а саме: піаніст Святослав Ріхтер, композитор Олександр Білеуш, художник Малевич Казимир Северинович, кінорежисер Довженко Олександр Петрович та багато інших.

Геннадій Махорін — багатогранна особистість. Оскільки відомий не тільки як історик-краєзнавець, а як громадський діяч — учений-секретар Житомирської обласної організації Спілки краєзнавців України, заступник голови Житомирського обласного об'єднання Всеукраїнського товариства «Просвіта» імені Тараса Шевченка, член Проводу Організації українських націоналістів. Організатор Центру історико-демографічних досліджень і біографістики при Поліському національному університеті.

Політична кар'єра
Із 2015 р. — 2020 рр. депутат Житомирської міської ради 7 скликання від ВО «Свобода». Секретар фракції Всеукраїнського об'єднання «Свобода» у Житомирській міській раді. Член постійної комісії з питань депутатської діяльності, регламенту, дотримання Законодавства України та протидії корупції.

Нагороди
У 2000 р. став лауреатом обласного конкурсу «Учитель року — 2000», того ж року присвоєно вищу кваліфікаційну категорію і звання «Старший вчитель».

У 2018 році Геннадій Леонідович Махорін став лауреатом Всеукраїнської премії імені Івана Огієнка в номінації «Наука».

Нагороджений Медалями «Будівничий України» (найвища нагорода ВУТ «Просвіта» ім. Тараса Шевченка) і  «Гордість ЖНАЕУ».

27 вересня 2021 року офіційно присвоєно вчене звання — доцента кафедри суспільних наук Поліського національного університету згідно рішення вченої ради університету в Міністерстві освіти і науки України.

Праці Геннадія Махоріна
 Махорін Г. Л. Андрушівщина: історія і сьогодення / Г. Л. Махорін. — Житомир: В. Б. Котвицький, 2011. — 289, [3] с., [6] арк. фот. : фот., табл. — Дод.: с. 232—283. — Бібліогр.: с. 284—289.
 Махорін Г. Л. Герої-рятівники — люди високого гуманізму / Г. Л. Махорін ; в авт. ред. ; худож. оформ. Л. Бондар ; Житомир. нац. агроеколог. ун-т [та ін.]. — Житомир: Рута, 2016. — 62 с.
 Махорін Г. Л. Голодомор 1932—1933 рр.: внутрішня війна в умовах загрози зовнішньої / Г. Л. Махорін. — Житомир: Волинь, 2007. — 44 с.
 Махорін Г. Л. Житомир. Сто підстав пишатися нашим містом / Г. Л. Махорін, І. Саюк. — Житомир: О. О. Євенок, 2015. — 56 с. : фот., портр.
 Махорін Г. Л. Житомирській області — 75 років: етапи розвитку, видатні постаті і події / Г. Л. Махорін. — Житомир: Євенок, 2012. — 158 с. : іл. — Бібліогр.: с. 156—157.
 Махорін Г. Л. Життя — за свободу України: до 84-річчя з часу трагічних подій Другого Зимового походу укр. вояків на Житомирщині / Г. Л. Махорін ; [передм. Г. П. Мокрицького]. — Житомир: Рута: Волинь, 2005. — 19, [1] с. : мапи. — Дод.: с. 18. — Бібліогр.: с. 19. — Видання доступне також в електронній формі.
 Махорін Г. Л. Історія Ружинщини. Нариси і документи / Г. Л. Махорін ; [Житомир. наук.-краєзн. т-во дослідників Волині, Ружин. райдержадмін.]. — Житомир: Волинь, 2000. — 157, [3] с. : іл. — Бібліогр.: с. 156.
 Махорін Г. Л. Історичні етюди про Житомир: в авт. ред. Вип. 1 : (1898—1900 рр.) / Г. Л. Махорін. — Житомир: Котвицький В. Б., 2010. — 42 с.
 Махорін Г. Л. Історичні етюди про Житомир: в авт. ред. Вип. 2 : (1900—1902 рр.) / Махорін, Геннадій Леонідович, Н. А. Гончарова, Л. А. Резцова. — Житомир: Котвицький В. Б., 2010. — 52 с. : іл.
 Махорін Г. Л. Історія транспорту в Житомирі / Г. Л. Махорін. — Житомир: О. О. Євенок, 2015. — 51 с.
 Махорін Г. Л. Книга рекордів Житомира / Г. Л. Махорін. — Житомир: О. О. Євенок, 2017. — 72 с.
 Махорін Г. Л. Краєзнавчий календар пам'ятних дат на 2018 рік / Махорін, Геннадій Леонідович ; авт. окр. ст. С. К. Васильчук ; упоряд. Г. Л. Махорін ; фот. В. Одоміча. — Житомир: О. О. Євенок, 2018. — 95 с.
 Махорін Г. Л. Нариси з історії медицини на Житомирщині / Г. Л. Махорін ; в авт. ред. ; дизайн обкл. Л. Бондар. — Житомир: Рута, 2015. — 103 с. : іл., портр. — Бібліогр.: с. 100—102.
 Махорін Г. Л. Наші Герої / Г. Л. Махорін, Геннадій Леонідович ; в авт. Ред. — Житомир: В. Б. Котвицький, 2014. — 131 с. — Бібліогр.: с. 126—127.
 Махорін Г. Л. Немиринці — мальовниче село в Україні: іст.-краєзнавче дослідження / Г. Л. Махорін, В. Горілецький ; упоряд. Г. Л. Махоріна. — Житомир: [б. в.], 2016. — 87 с. : фот., портр., [4] окр. арк. кольор. фот. — Бібліогр.: с. 59.
 Махорін Г. Л. Опір Геноциду в 1932—1933 роках / Г. Л. Махорін. — Житомир: Котвицький В. Б., 2008. — 87 с.
 Махорін Г. Л. Освіта у Житомирському районі в загальноісторичному контексті: присвяч. 75-річчю утворення Житомир. обл. / [Махорін Г. Л. ; за заг. ред. Каменчук В. В.]. — Житомир: Рута, 2014. — 329, [3] с.
 Махорін Г. Л. Походження назв міст і сіл Житомирщини: словник-довідник / Г. Л. Махорін. — Житомир: В. Б. Котвицький, 2011. — 48 с. — Бібліогр: с. 47.
 Махорін Г. Л. Українська національна революція 1917—1922 рр. та її перебіг на Житомирщині []: [монографія] / Г. Л. Махорін. — Житомир: Євенок О. О., 2017. — 202, [6] с. : фот., іл. — Бібліогр. в підрядковій прим. — Біограф. слов.: с. 169—203.
 Махорін Г. Л. Форми опору українського селянства у часи Голодомору 1932—1933 рр. / Г. Л. Махорін. — Вінниця: Нілан-ЛТД, 2017. — 166 с.

Співавтор
 Махорін Г. Л. Баранівський край: історія і сьогодення / Г. Л. Махорін, Ю. Драган, О. Мельник. — Житомир: Євенок, 2012. — 176 с. : [6] окр. арк. Фотоіл. — ISBN 978-966-2534-39-9.
 Махорін Г. Л. Історія ветеринарної медицини як науки в Україні: навч. посіб. для студентів / Г. Л. Махорін, З. В. Хоменко. — Житомир: Рута, 2019. — 117, [3] с., [4] арк. портр. : портр. –Бібліогр.: с. 75-76. — ISBN 978-617-581-382-9.
 Махорін Г. Л. Історія рідного краю: навч. посібник для 11 кл. серед. загальноосвіт. шк. / Г. Л. Махорін, О. С. Кузьмін ; [відп. за вип. Н. Г. Сірик]. — Житомир: Полісся, 2011. — 140, [4] с. : рис., фот., карти. — Бібліогр. в кінці розд. — Хронол. покажч.: с. 139—141. — ISBN 978-966-655-526-8.
 Махорін Г. Л. Житомир. Сто підстав пишатися нашим містом / Г. Махорін, І. Саюк. — Житомир: Євенок О. О., 2015. — [56] с. : фот. кольор. — ISBN 978-617-7265-50-3.
 Махорін Г. Л. Книга рекордів та досягнень Житомирщини / Г. Л. Махорін, І. Саюк ; в авт. ред. — Житомир: В. Б. Котвицький, 2015. — 63 с. : портр. — Випущено на зам. Управління інформ. діяльності та комунікацій з громадськістю Житомир. облдержадмін. у рамках Програми соціально значущої літ. місц. авт. — ISBN 978-966-1663-31-1.
 Махорін Г. Л. Нариси з історії кобзарства в Україні: до 75-річчя від дня народж. бандуриста Миколи Нечипоренка / Г. Л. Махорін, С. Б. Черевко, Г. В. Шубіна ; [ред. Г. Л. Махорін]. — Житомир: Євенок О. О., 2012. — 37, [3] с. : фот., іл. — Бібліогр. в підрядковій прим. — ISBN 978-966-2534-35-1.
 Махорін Г. Л. Станишівка століття тому: іст.-демогр. опис сіл Станишівка, Слобода-Селець і Бистри станом на поч. XX ст. / Г. Л. Махорін, М. Стаднік. — Житомир: О. О. Євенок, 2016. — 51, [1] с. : фот. кольор. — ISBN 978-617-7265-86-2.
 Мокрицький Г. П. Будинок Державного банку: історія будівлі на вул. Бориса Лятошинського, 5 : іст.-краєзнав. нарис / Г. Мокрицький, Г. Махорін. — Житомир: Волинь, 2002. — 32 с. : іл., фот. — (Житомир. Пам'ятки рідного міста ; кн. 17). — Бібліогр.: с. 32. — ISBN 966-690-018-0.
 Нариси з історії освіти на Житомирщині: монографія / [Г. Л. Махорін та ін. ; за заг. ред. Г. Махоріна]. — Житомир: Полісся, 2014. — 192, [4] с. : рис., табл. — Бібліогр. в підрядковій прим. — ISBN 978-966-655-753-0.
 Щерба С. П. Пам'ятки і пам'ятні місця історії та культури на Житомирщині. Вип. 8. Ружинський район / С. П. Щерба, Г. Л. Махорін. — Житомир: Полісся, 2007. — 109, [3] с. — Бібліогр. в кінці ст. — ISBN 978-966-655-251-1.

Джерела
 Васильчук С. К. Г. Л. Махоріну — 50 років / С. К. Васильчук // Матеріали Всеукраїнської науково-краєзнавчої конференції з міжнародною участю «Бердичів від давнини до сьогодення», 12-13 листопада 2015 р. : наук. збірник «Велика Волинь» / упоряд. П. С. Скавронський. — Бердичів: Москаленко О. М., 2015. — Вип. 52. — С. 488—489.
 Голованова І. Таланти, подаровані столиці / І. Голованова // Житомирщина. — 2020. — 29 трав. (№ 33). — С. 7. — (Гордість Поліського краю). — Рец. на кн.: Махорін Г. Житомирські кияни в історії Києва / Г. Махорін.
 Горицвіт Р. Вручено премію імені Івана Огієнка / Р.Горицвіт // Житомирщина. — 2018. — 8 трав. (№ 32). — С. 2.
 Махорін Геннадій Леонідович: [біогр. відомості] // Махорін Г. Л. Житомирській області — 75 років: етапи розвитку, видатні постаті і події / Г. Л. Махорін. — Житомир: Євенок, 2012. — 4 с. обкл.
 Махорін Г. «Відносини повинні грунтуватися, у першу чергу, на моральних і фахових якостях людини»: розмова з депутатом Житомирської міської ради Г. Махоріним / Г. Махорін ; вела розмову С. Скляр // 20 хвилин. — 2016. — 26 жовт (№ 41). — С. 7 : фот.
 Махорін Г. «Ми повинні будувати українську Україну»: інтерв'ю з житомир. краєзнавцем Геннадієм Махоріним / Г. Махорін ; записала Я. Поліщук // Місто — 2016. — 19 серп (№ 33). — С. 3 : фот. — (24 серпня — День незалежності України)
 Паламарчук В. «Історія транспорту на Житомирщині»: [про кн. Г. Махоріна] / В. Паламарчук // Пульс. — 2015. — 19 листоп. (№ 46). — С. 5.
 Паламарчук В. «Книга рекордів та досягнень Житомирщини» / В. Паламарчук // Пульс. — 2016. — 21 січ. (№ 3). — С. 4.
 Творчий звіт Геннадія Махоріна: [творчий звіт, приурочений 30-літтю педагогічної діяльності, провів викладач, історик, краєзнавець, депутат Геннадій Махорін: вручення премії ім. М. Нечипоренка] // Місто. — 2017. — 30 черв. (№ 26). — С. 3.
 https://www.chesno.org/politician/40288/
https://zt-rada.gov.ua/?3505%5B0%5D=64

Примітки

Педагоги Житомира
Члени ОУН
Члени Національної спілки краєзнавців України
Кандидати історичних наук України

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OK, I admit - I'm at a complete loss right now.
Long ago I implemented the Google spreadsheet synchronization in my app. I start to wonder if it has ever worked, i.e. if end users really get updates made on the Google drive. In addition, I don't know how to verify if the settings are correct and I don't understand what will happen if I upgrade the web app. There are a number of questions involved in this, so I'll try to explain everything.
I believe I followed the correct procedure when I implemented the web app, but don't know how to verify that. If I I go to the script and open the publishing window, I get a very different URL than what I have in Unity right now. Do that window show the URL the app has right now or the URL it will get if it is re-published? (...don't really know what will happen if I publish an app that is already published). Do the difference in URLs mean that it has never worked? Or do I need to look somewhere else to see the current URL for the app?
If I in Unity use the Refresh button I do get a complete list of spreadsheets available on Google drive so there seems to be a connection even though my URL seems to be wrong.
The script I have implemented do not have the password parameter, so I guess it is not the latest version.
How do I know which version I have implemented?
How do I know which version that is the latest?
If I use the Verify button it momentarily says that it is verifying the web service, but I get no result. Does that mean that everything is OK? If so - why doesn't it indicate that there is a newer version of the script available?
If I I go to the script and open the publishing window, I get a very different URL than what I have in Unity right now.
If you get a different URL, it means the script was not the same than the one you are installing now or that the script was unpublished before.
Every time you publish the script and get its URL, the URL should be the same. Google Scripts allows to change the script and every redeploy is just a change to the already published service without changing the URL so that clients already using that URL can keep working.
If you don't see the password field in either Unity or the WebService, then you have an older version of them (mabe one of the old betas).
- Download and install the latest I2 Localization.
- Click Install in the Google tab, so that a new copy of the WebService gets added to your Google Drive.
- That copy will have the latest v5 with the password field.
- Follow the steps again to publish the WebService.
- Paste the new URL in Unity.
* another way to verify that the integration works, is by importing or exporting to a Google Spreadsheet, that uses the WebService.
If I Use the Install button, what will happen?
Clicking Install in Unity, just copies the latest version of the WebService from my server and copies that to your Google Drive.
Presuming that there is a newer version of the script, will it overwrite the currently published version?
No, it will create a copy next to that one.
The old is kept, so that if your players are using the URL from that WebService, they can still access your spreadsheets.
If so - what will happen with all current users that has an old client without any password?
New versions deploy to a separate URL, so your existing users will still use the old webservice.
And given that the I2 Localization they have built into the game they are using, then, it will work fine. Once they update the game, they will have the new I2 Localization which will point to the new WebService, and so, will use the password.
Nonetheless, if the password is not changed in neither Unity and the WebService (i.e. has the default value "change_this") then, the password protection is ignored.
I have now re-installed the package in my Unity project and upgraded the script and published it according to the check list. I have added a password in the script and in Unity.
Everything works as expected in the Unity editor. I have updated the script URL and access to the spreadsheet is OK. But when the app runs on a device, nothing happens. I have made minor changes to the spreadsheet (that is not downloaded to Unity Editor) just to see if an update is performed when the app is installed and run. It is not updated.
I have added a call to force an update when I tap a button in the app and I catch the Event_OnSourceUpdateFromGoogle callback. Nothing happens when I call I2.Loc.LocalizationManager.Sources.Import_Google(true, false); No errors, no call back. Nothing.
I have tried with and without password. When the password is wrong I get a clear error message about this in Unity Editor, when the password i correct I have no problems in Unity Editor. Apparently the password in the app is OK (since the app is built when Unity has the correct password configured).
When debugging in Unity (not on the device) I can see that Google_SpreadsheetName is wrong - I have changed the name since I otherwise had multiple spreadsheets with the same name which was confusing. When I select the I2Languages object in Unity, the spreadsheet name displayed is wrong, but as soon as I click Refresh the correct (renamed) name is displayed. If I click Open, the correct (renamed) spreadsheet is opened so it seems to have the correct reference. Still, the name when the app is run is incorrect. There is a Google_SpreadsheetKey but I don't know how to see these keys on Google drive.
I get no error messages anywhere - not in my app and not in the GSuite developer hub. How can I troubleshoot this situation?
OK, I have now found out that Spreadsheet synchronization works OK on my Android 8 device, but not on my Android 9 device. On Android 9, nothing seems to happen.
I have trying to reproduce an issue in the Google Live Synchronization but it seems to be working fine in my devices as well.
- There is a new setting next to the Update Frequency that defines when the update is applied after its downloaded. It can be OnSceneLoaded, Manual or AsSoonAsDownloaded.
If you have it set as OnSceneLoaded, then, it will only be applied when you start loading into a new scene (to avoid a lag/hitch while playing).
So, for testing, be sure is AsSoonAsDownloaded or that you are switching levels/scenes for testing that it works.
- If nothing seems to be working anyway, try checking the Android Console (logcat), If you are using Unity 2019.1, I think they even linked it to the Untiy Console, but in previous version you have to run the logcat separately.
Update frequency was set to ALWAYS and OnSceneLoaded. I changed to AsSoonAsDownloaded and now it works!?
This is rather strange I think. Obviously at least one scene must be loaded when the app is started, and in my case it is actually three scenes that are loaded in sequence during the startup. It's odd that none of these scene loads trigger OnSceneLoaded.
As I mentioned I added a call to manually trigger an update with a button in my app - that call also failed when it was set to OnSceneLoaded. Shouldn't a direct call to Import_Google() trigger an immediate download regardless of the Update Frequency setting? I kind of thought that was the purpose of that method. When I changed to AsSoonAsDownloaded , the call to Import_Google() immediately triggered a download.
When I had OnSceneLoaded and synchronization failed (at start and when calling Import_Google() ) there were no traces of any download attempt in the logcat.


text:
Q: specify multiple resources/packages in composer_autoload I provided the path in $config['composer_autoload] = 'vendor/autoload.php';
then inside the autoload.php file I insert two packages that I need to use:
require_once __DIR__ . '/phpspreadsheet/composer/autoload_real.php';
require_once __DIR__ . '/phptcpdf/composer/autoload_real.php';

return ComposerAutoloaderInit9d1bd4a6e5194a15c3a7fbbedd5e69dc::getLoader();
return ComposerAutoloaderInitd3643b2c089f2f5cb6ea7ae57abe30b2::getLoader();

somehow only phpspreadsheet is being loading and the tcpdf shows Class TCPDF not found.
Please help.
TIA

A: Second autoloader initialization is never executed, because of return in the previous line. So last line is ignored - no wonder that TCPDF autoloader does not work:
Try something like:
require_once __DIR__ . '/phpspreadsheet/composer/autoload_real.php';
require_once __DIR__ . '/phptcpdf/composer/autoload_real.php';

ComposerAutoloaderInit9d1bd4a6e5194a15c3a7fbbedd5e69dc::getLoader();
ComposerAutoloaderInitd3643b2c089f2f5cb6ea7ae57abe30b2::getLoader();

You don't need to return autoloader, calling getLoader() is enough to initialize autoloader.
Also note that this weird hash in autoloader class name may change - you should probably include autoload.php instead of autoload_real.php (if it is available), it may save you a trouble in fixing name after each update.

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Veldt Helmets unveils new LIMITED EDITION modular lid. Could it be the MOST expensive helmet in the world?
Get your hands on an ORIGINAL Steve McQueen BELL helmet.
Want to look like Deadpool? HJC unveils its latest Marvel lid – celebrating the release of Deadpool 2.


– Let your mind start a journey thru a strange new world. Leave all thoughts of the world you knew before. Let your soul take you where you long to be… Close your eyes let your spirit start to soar, and you'll live as you've never lived before.


text:
Sixty years after first successful Everest ascent, US mountaineers develop appropriate high altitude toilet technology.
By Abigail Brown
It's been 60 years since climbers first summited Mount Everest. Around 3,500 people have made it to the top so far, and that number doesn't include climbers and Sherpas living at lower base camps. But what has become strikingly clear in the 21st century is that people are leaving behind a mess. Time Magazine states "the mountain has become a trash heap." National Geographic describes how garbage is leaking out of glaciers and "pyramids of human excrement" are littering high camps. And NPR highlighted mountaineer Conrad Anker's efforts to clean up Everest. With all of this sh*t literally accumulating on Everest, it begs one to ask "could this same fate affect mountain peaks of the Pacific Northwest?" PHLUSH caught up with local mountaineer and Portland Bureau of Emergency Management (PBEM) employee Dan Douthit to get some answers.
Dan Douthit at the Denali Summit.
Douthit first started climbing at Mount Hood in 2008, and has since climbed most of the large Cascade volcanoes. His biggest climb to date is Mount McKinley, the highest mountain in North America. Douthit says "The summit is a great bonus, but for me it is all about getting to experience the landmarks of the Pacific Northwest in a different way." He has a lot to say about managing sh*t on mountaintops, and he hopes that the Pacific Northwest can lead the way for better sanitation management in other places around the world.
"When you stay for multiple nights on a mountain problems can arise in regards to sanitation," says Douthit. When he started climbing, he was exposed to the Leave No Trace Mountaineering movement. His guide company told him to pack out his sh*t in small bags. Rangers for Mount Shasta and Mount Adams will actually give you a blue bag for packing out your sh*t when you buy your permit. It's very important for climbers to do this because traditional bury-methods do not work in these high-alpine environments. "Anything that you leave will eventually melt out," adds Douthit. "It leaves a horrible mess, and it gets into the snow that people have to use for their drinking water."
Denali presented entirely new challenges for Douthit's climbing career. He was on the mountain for 18 days, and the sanitation tactics were different. One ranger named Rodger Robertson started a program to promote Clean Mountain Cans, and all climbers on Denali are required to use one of the 1,100 cans on loan. Douthit says they are pretty easy to use. It's a small bucket with a screw-on lid and strap for a backpack. Inside the can, there are small bags to hold human excrement. Full bags are thrown into crevasses. Douthit believes this crevasse policy could change in the near future when people on the mountain increase.
When asked about the sanitation situation on other Pacific Northwest peaks, Douthit says "People are generally respectful. I've seen urine sometimes spread around camping areas, but generally in my experience the Cascades are okay. The only ones it's been a problem on are probably Rainier and Shasta where there are larger camp areas. The two main climbing routes on Rainier (Disappointment Cleaver and Emmons) have outhouses at high camps so that helps. The other mountains, maybe once or twice, I've seen something. But it's nothing like the stories you hear about in the Himalayas or the Andes."
Douthit thinks the Clean Mountain Can could possibly work in other locales, but there needs to be more information about locations of crevasses and available funding to start such programs. He even feels that if this particular technology will not work, there could be other similar programs. He says "the status quo in the Himalayas is not acceptable to the climbing community."
There is an upcoming conference in Alaska to talk about such issues called the Sustainable Summits Conference from September 8th to 11th. Perhaps the Pacific Northwest really can lead the way in creating more sustainable summits worldwide?
Tags: Dan Douthit, Denali, Leave No Trace Mountaineering, Mount Everest, mountaineering, PBEM


text:
You are here: Home1 / News2 / 20203 / Children's National Hospital is Top 10 Again / Events4
NEWS June 16, 2020
Children's National Hospital is Top 10 Again
Children's National Hospital is ranked among the top 10 children's hospitals according to the annual U.S. News & World Report Best Children's Hospitals survey, and our Neonatology Program is ranked the best in the nation for the fourth year in a row.
Children's National Hospital is ranked among the top 10 children's hospitals according to the annual U.S. News & World Report Best Children's Hospitals survey, and our Neonatology Program is ranked the best in the nation for the fourth year in a row. For the tenth consecutive year, Children's National also ranked in all 10 specialty services, with seven specialties ranked in the top 10:
Neonatology (No. 1)
Neurology and Neurosurgery(No. 3)
Cancer (No. 6)
Nephrology (No. 7)
Orthopedics (No. 9)
Pulmonology and Lung Surgery (No. 9)
Diabetes and Endocrinology (No. 10)
Recognizing PHN Nurses
Every year from May 6 - 12, we recognize and honor those at the heart of healthcare and on the frontlines of patient care - nurses.
May 23, 2022/by Pediatric Health Network
Doctor's Note: July Newsletter Introduction from Dr. Ellie Hamburger
Read Dr. Ellie Hamburger's July newsletter Doctor's Note to PHN members and make sure to subscribe to receive important updates and announcements from the network.
July 28, 2021/by Pediatric Health Network
Primary Care COVID-19 Town Hall Primary Care COVID-19 Town Hall


These sew on mini patches (all are approximately 4-5 inches across and 2-3 inches tall with healthy margins) are hand screen printed on a black 100% cotton heavy weight twill in non toxic water based white ink and feature all original artwork. Perfect for embellishment on pockets, hoods, shoulders ... any tiny place that needs a little extra something. They are heat set and machine washable. We recommend sewing the patch onto the intended garment prior to washing in order to prevent excessive fraying.
The skulls featured are: chicken, cat, squirrel, mink, rabbit, and rat.


text:
Alternatives to Windows easy to find on Web
This article was originally published on July 7, 1998 by SignOn San Diego and Copley News Service.
Last week, we looked at the fastest-growing operating system for personal computers on the market today: Linux, a Unix-style operating system with several desktop interfaces available, has grown from being strictly a hobbyists' platform to outpacing IBM's OS/2 as the leading alternative to Windows 95/98 for Pentium-based computers.
For those willing to look, though, there are even more operating sytems out there that will run on a variety of hardware platforms. Of course, with the Intel Pentium the dominant hardware, that's also the platform with the greatest choice of operating systems.
As with Linux, finding software to run on these alternative operating systems can take some doing. The fact is, the latest office suite or hottest game simply is not going to be available for these other environments. Still, for most of them, you can find the essentials: word processor, telecommunications program, spreadsheet, database. With any of the operating systems below, your best bet for finding software is on the Internet – see the column of May 26, 1998, "Software for the Asking", on finding shareware, freeware and public domain software online.
There are at least two sites that offer a list of operating systems with links to other sites supporting them: Yahoo's and mine. While my site lists a number of operating systems not on Yahoo's, Yahoo's is more in-depth (three-dozen operating systems) and is updated a lot more often (hey, they're a highly staffed business and I'm a misguided hobbyist).
So, what are some of these different operating systems?
There's still OS/2. It has been redesigned as a network server-client package to compete with Windows NT. Applications are getting tougher to find, but you can find links off the above page on IBM's site.
And, in a weird meeting of past and future, IBM has just issued a new Year 2000-compliant upgrade of PC DOS 7, PC DOS 2000. It will allow anyone still using PC DOS or MS-DOS (and you might be surprised how many businesses, schools and government agencies are still using DOS on their networks) to avoid the Year 2000 problems, as well as adding hardware support for new peripherals (CD-ROMs, PCMCIA, tape backups) and support for the new Euro currency symbol.
Before leaving IBM's Web site, you also might want to back up a level from the OS/2 or PC-DOS pages to their general operating system menu. There you'll find links to info on JavaOS and a handful of mainframe environments: AIX, OS/390, OS/400 and more. Useless to most of us but still interesting.
An all-in-one alternative to Windows is the descendant of the Geoworks Ensemble desktop suite, now called New Deal. New Deal runs in the Geos environment, which is more a desktop replacement than true operating system, running on top of DOS like Windows 3.1 did. But it includes a host of applications with the desktop – word processor, Web browser, database, spreadsheet and more. It will run on older PCs that cannot handle Windows 95/98 – '386s and even '286s.
A British outfit has upgraded the old GEM operating system that ran on PCs and Atari STs, and retitled it MagiC. It's available for Ataris, PowerPC Macs and Pentium-based PCs. It is a desktop-style operating system, little different from Windows or MacOS, and supposedly will run most applications for the Atari version of GEM.
And if we dare do a column on operating systems and skip Amiga, the e-mail will be nasty for a solid week. So, to learn about the Amiga OS and its Workbench desktop, visit Amiga.org. With Gateway – yes, that Gateway – now owning the rights to Amiga and promising a new, updated version of the computer, AmigaOS may yet make a comeback.
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Home > 2020-21 > March 8, 2021 > Battle at Boot Camp
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Access this article and hundreds more like it with a subscription to The New York TImes Upfront magazine.
The Crucible: the final test for Marine recruits
Hilary Swift/The New York Times
Presentation View
Battle at Boot Camp
For the Marine Corps, which has been slow to move toward gender integration, keeping men and women in separate platoons during training is its last stand
By Thomas Gibbons-Neff
Jacob James, a 19-year-old recruit, eyed the rope bridge in front of him at Parris Island, a Marine Corps training base in the South Carolina marsh. It was the first day of the Crucible, the final, 54-hour field exercise that signifies the transition from recruit to Marine. For this obstacle, James was in charge of 15 of his peers, both men and women. Their goal: Move half a dozen 30-pound ammunition cans across the bridge.
It was the first time the roughly 330 men and women in Bravo Company were forced to work and speak with one another with a shared aim of completing a goal. About 11 weeks of training had already passed.
The male and female recruits had participated in other exercises, sometimes feet apart, practicing martial arts or on separate firing lines at the rifle range. But they had rarely spoken to each other. Individual platoons at Marine Corps boot camp remain separated by gender.
Now for the Crucible, the recruits of Bravo Company were no longer in their platoons but were instead smashed into smaller units of both genders from the company.
James laid out his plan to move the ammo cans: They would take a strand of cord connected to the cans, hang it over their necks and shuffle across the rope bridge.
Katelin Bradley, 19, standing in the huddled mass of her peers, raised her eyebrows. This did not sound like a good idea. She suggested attaching the cord connected to the cans to the rope bridge itself and pushing the load to the other side.
James pondered the idea and dismissed it. "The men are strong enough and can do it," he said.
Bradley fell back into formation, taking her post on the edge of the obstacle, providing security from any possible, albeit fake, enemies.
Jacob James eyed the rope bridge in front of him at Parris Island, a Marine Corps training base in the South Carolina marsh. The 19-year-old recruit was participating in the first day of the Crucible. This final, 54-hour field exercise marked the transition from recruit to Marine. For this obstacle, James was in charge of 15 of his peers, both men and women. Their goal: Move half a dozen 30-pound ammunition cans across the bridge.
There were roughly 330 men and women in Bravo Company. It was the first time they had to work and speak with one another to complete a goal. About 11 weeks of training had already passed.
The male and female recruits had participated in other exercises. Sometimes they were only feet apart, practicing martial arts or on separate firing lines at the rifle range. But they had rarely spoken to each other. Individual platoons at Marine Corps boot camp remain separated by gender.
Now, for the Crucible, the recruits of Bravo Company were no longer in their platoons. Instead, they were put into smaller units of both genders from the company.
Katelin Bradley, 19, standing in a huddle of her peers, raised her eyebrows. This did not sound like a good idea. She suggested attaching the cord connected to the cans to the rope bridge itself and pushing the load to the other side.
James thought about the idea and dismissed it. "The men are strong enough and can do it," he said.
Bradley fell back into formation. She took her post on the edge of the obstacle. She was set to provide security from any possible, albeit fake, enemies.
PERCENTAGE of Marines who are women—the lowest percentage of any military branch.
NUMBER of female Marines in previously restricted combat jobs in 2019.
NUMBER of women who have served in the U.S. military, from the Revolutionary War to today.
SOURCES: United States Marine Corps; Women in Military Service For America Memorial
Divided by Gender
The brief disagreement between James and Bradley played out last year amid the larger struggle within the Marines to integrate basic training. Only a few years ago, as male and female recruits began training in closer proximity, drill instructors ordered that they were forbidden to speak to one another under almost any circumstances. In the early 2000s, male platoons were often told to turn around when a female platoon walked past to avoid looking at them.
Much has changed. The 2020 National Defense Authorization Act included a provision that was intended to ensure by law that the Marine Corps would integrate recruit training, down to the platoon level.
But the vague language left enough room for the Marine Corps to interpret the directive in its own manner. So women and men are still kept in separate platoons and come together only for larger exercises, such as the Crucible.
The brief disagreement between James and Bradley played out last year in the middle of the larger struggle within the Marines to integrate basic training. Male and female recruits began training in closer proximity only a few years ago. Still, drill instructors ordered them not to speak to one another under almost any circumstances. In the early 2000s, male platoons were often told to turn around when a female platoon walked past to avoid looking at them.
Much has changed. The 2020 National Defense Authorization Act included a provision that aimed to ensure by law that the Marine Corps would integrate recruit training, down to the platoon level.
But the vague language left enough room for the Marine Corps to interpret the directive in its own manner. So women and men are still kept in separate platoons. They come together only for larger exercises, such as the Crucible.
Graduation at Parris Island, a Marine Corps training base in South Carolina
A Culture Rooted in Tradition
Women have served in the armed forces since the nation's founding, often pushing back against gender restrictions (see timeline slideshow, below). It wasn't until 2016 that all combat positions were officially opened to women.
The rest of the military is already completely integrated when it comes to basic training. But the Marine Corps—with a culture rooted in famous battles, heroes, and traditions—has been slow to move toward gender integration.
As the U.S. military prepared to open all combat jobs to women, the Marines Corps was the only service to look for exceptions to the rule, creating a study and a months-long experiment to show Pentagon officials that women were not fit for the roles. The effort failed. And in 2017, the Marines let women into the infantry for the first time. Later that year, the first woman graduated from the Corps's notoriously tough Infantry Officer Course.
Today about 9 percent of the 185,000 Marines in the Corps are women. It's the lowest percentage of any military branch.
Women have served in the armed forces since the nation's founding. They've often pushed back against gender restrictions (see timeline, above). But it wasn't until 2016 that all combat positions were officially opened to women.
The rest of the military is already completely integrated when it comes to basic training. But the Marine Corps has been slow to move toward gender integration. That's because its culture is rooted in famous battles, heroes, and traditions.
As the U.S. military prepared to open all combat jobs to women, the Marines Corps was the only service to look for exceptions to the rule. It created a study and a months-long experiment to show Pentagon officials that women were not fit for the roles. The effort failed. And in 2017, the Marines let women into the infantry for the first time. Later that year, the first woman graduated from the Corps's notoriously tough Infantry Officer Course.
Marine officials say their insistence on keeping men and women separate revolves around the concept of platoon identity: the notion that waking, sleeping, and training together are an integral part of building what makes a Marine. The squad bays, where platoons sleep, are ecosystems themselves. Changing that, Marine officials say, by having men and women sleep in separate areas but joining in the morning as a platoon, would break that model.
"This works," General James F. Glynn, then-acting commander of Parris Island, said of gender-segregated platoons last year. "Anything outside of this is unknown."
However, many other people, including current and former Marines, say it's time for the military branch to adapt to societal changes.
"Marine leaders have an antiquated view of gender," says Erin Kirk-Cuomo, a former Marine sergeant who left the service in 2010. She adds, "They kick and scream because they don't want to make a change, because they think it will make the Marine Corps weaker."
However, change might be coming. The Marine Corps' other training base, in San Diego, which had been all-male, agreed to admit women for the first time in February. As at Parris Island, the female recruits will train in a separate platoon from the men. But the Marine Corps has hired outside researchers to study how to best train men and women together at boot camp, and it plans to reassess integrated platoons after the study is completed this year or next.
Marine officials say their decision to keep men and women separate revolves around the concept of platoon identity. That's the idea that waking, sleeping, and training together are a key part of what makes a Marine. The squad bays, where platoons sleep, are ecosystems themselves. Marine officials say that having men and women sleep in separate areas but joining in the morning as a platoon would break that model.
But many other people, including current and former Marines, say it's time for the military branch to adapt to societal changes.
But change might be coming. The Marine Corps' other training base in San Diego had been all-male. It agreed to admit women for the first time in February. As at Parris Island, the female recruits will train in a separate platoon from the men. But the Marine Corps has hired outside researchers to study how to best train men and women together at boot camp. It plans to reassess integrated platoons after the study is completed this year or next.
Training in the swampy marshes at Parris Island
Breaking Ranks
Back at Parris Island, James's team was struggling. The male recruits, ammo cans draped across their necks, were nearly vibrating off the rope bridge, struggling to handle the 30-pound pull of dead weight dangling well below their soaked boots. They were barely moving and running out of time.
Bradley watched from the edge of the obstacle, growing quietly frustrated. At first, she tried to motion with her hands, then by commands.
"Just tie them instead," she yelled. No response.
Finally, she broke ranks. Her helmet soaked by rain and her mud-covered M16 rifle dangling, Bradley rushed to the bridge, grabbed one of the remaining rusty green ammo cans and tied its cord to the bridge. She started easily pushing the containers to the other side. James and the rest of the team watched with interest.
Back at Parris Island, James's team was struggling. The male recruits had ammo cans draped across their necks. They were nearly vibrating off the rope bridge. And they were struggling to handle the 30-pound pull of dead weight dangling well below their soaked boots. They were barely moving and running out of time.
Finally, she broke ranks. Her helmet soaked by rain and her mud-covered M16 rifle dangling, Bradley rushed to the bridge. She grabbed one of the remaining rusty green ammo cans and tied its cord to the bridge. She started easily pushing the containers to the other side. James and the rest of the team watched with interest.
'You end up having to work more as a team.'
She had cracked the code. James was the first to follow suit, and the rest of the team soon fell in behind Bradley.
After completing the Crucible, James and Bradley became full-fledged Marines and spoke briefly about their time together on the obstacle course. Private First Class Bradley noted bluntly and with a tinge of humor that while the men could sometimes lift heavier things, "the females can sometimes think." She added that the separate platoons had made the women want to best the men during physical training.
Private First Class James said that earlier in training he couldn't have imagined doing the Crucible with men and women together. But when it happened, he said he had to act and think differently, and "you end up having to work more as a team with females."
"It's weird, almost, but a good weird," Private James said. "Us coming together at the very end was like a wake-up call."
After completing the Crucible, James and Bradley became full-fledged Marines. They spoke briefly about their time together on the obstacle course. Private First Class Bradley noted bluntly and with a tinge of humor that while the men could sometimes lift heavier things, "the females can sometimes think." She added that the separate platoons had made the women want to do better than the men during physical training.
Thomas Gibbons-Neff is a reporter for The New York Times and a former Marine infantryman. Additional reporting by Joe Bubar.
Continue the Learning Journey
Now that you've read about the controversy over integrating training for the Marines, delve into another debate concerning women and the military: whether women should have to register for the draft. Read this article from a past issue of Upfront on the topic. Then write an argumentative essay, taking a side. Support your opinion with evidence from the articles.
Watch the video above and read this article from a past issue of Upfront about women in combat. Then write a response, discussing how women's roles in the military have changed over time, since the nation's founding. What challenges do women in the military face today?
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ByAlan Wood
By The Center for Public Integrity
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Democratic Party frontrunner Hillary Clinton has already been targeted by nearly $1 million in negative ads by a host of conservative groups, including the Republican National Committee, as the Center for Public Integrity recently reported.
Meanwhile, super PACs and other groups not controlled by the candidates themselves have begun ad campaigns to introduce voters to candidates in the crowded GOP presidential field.
Beckel discusses these trends, and he outlines the differences between candidates' official campaigns and the super PACs and politically active nonprofits that are also supporting most major 2016 presidential contenders.
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Join fellow alumni and colleagues for a GSD lunch at the 107th Annual Meeting of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture (ACSA) in Pittsburgh. This year's theme is "BLACK BOX: Articulating Architecture's Core in the Post-Digital Era." Whether you live locally or are traveling to the Annual Meeting, we invite you to connect with the Harvard community.
During lunch, you will have the opportunity to hear from Grace La AB '92, MArch '95, professor of architecture and chair of the practice platform, who is serving as Co-Chair of the ASCA meeting.
Other GSD faculty will have a strong presence during the ASCA sessions. Toshiko Mori, Robert P. Hubbard Professor in the Practice of Architecture will be honored with the 2019 AIA/ACSA Topaz Medallion for Excellence in Architectural Education, the highest honor given to educators in architecture. Also, Antoine Picon, G. Ware Travelstead Professor of the History of Architecture and Technology and Director of Research at the GSD, will present during the opening plenary. For more information on ASCA, please visit their website.