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Big data and human development
Investigating the potential uses of 'big data' for advancing human development and addressing equity gaps.
New Big Data and Development Fellowship: Apply to work with our Data Scientist
10 February 2017 /in OII /by Mark Graham
I am happy to report that the Big Data and Human Development Incubator has just recruited a data scientist to work with the network for the next 9 months.
Fabian Braesemann has a PhD in Social and Economic Sciences from the University of Vienna, and has been working as a Data Scientist over the last year. He has experience/skills in diverse aspects of data science and data mining. However, his main expertise is on datafication and the application of data science to social science questions. He will be using the computing facilities at the Oxford Internet Institute.
In order to kick-start some pilot projects within our network, we are proposing that teams from around the university can bid to work with Fabian on small projects that use computational/big data approaches and speak to key questions in human development (we can take a broad view of what constitutes human development, and will consider research that focuses on poverty, inequality, economic development, political voice and representation, activism, and other topics).
We ask that any interested teams submit a 1-2 page pitch. Each pitch should outline what questions the group seeks to answer, what data they seek to use, and what further work this might result in. It should also outline the cross-disciplinary or cross-departmental nature of the work (these bids can be a way of building links or deepening existing links, but should not just be used by teams or scholars within a single department). Please also include short bios of the proposed team members. More details about what we need are included in the bullet point list below.
Proposals could be speculative in nature (scraping data, trialing analysis), but do not have to be.
We hope to ask Fabian to work with three successful teams over his 9 month contract at Oxford, so please pitch an idea that will take roughly 2-4 months of his time either as full time engagement or on a part-time basis. We ask for all pitches to be submitted by March 1.
Please feel free to circulate this CFP. Submit your pitches to Mark Graham, and please get in touch if you have any questions.
Projects can address questions in any area of human development.
Projects should be completed by March 2018 at the latest.
There is no further funding available from the Big Data and Human Development Incubator. In other words, these your proposal will be to work with Fabian, and will not be a bid for any additional funding from us.
Projects can be exploratory or at early stages of development. Most important is that you have a vision for how this might turn into a larger funded project after completion of your pilot work.
You may work with collaborators outside of Oxford, but the core team should be based at the university.
Anyone at the university who is eligible to apply for external funding will be eligible to lead one of these bids.
If we receive more than three three month bids, we will distribute all applications to lead-researchers on each of the bids and other scholars in the big data and development network in order to ask them to rank submissions.
http://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/dataobservatory/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/07/OII-BDDArtboard-1-300x86.png 0 0 Mark Graham http://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/dataobservatory/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/07/OII-BDDArtboard-1-300x86.png Mark Graham2017-02-10 10:46:572017-02-10 10:52:26New Big Data and Development Fellowship: Apply to work with our Data Scientist
Join our team: we're hiring a Data Scientist / Data Hacker
13 November 2016 /in Uncategorized /by Mark Graham
Data Scientist/Data Hacker
Oxford Internet Institute, 1 St Giles, Oxford
Grade 7: £31,076 – £38,183 p.a.
The Oxford Internet Institute is a leading centre for research into individual, collective and institutional behaviour on the Internet. We seek a full-time Data Scientist to work with Professor Mark Graham on two projects: (1) the University of Oxford funded incubator on 'big data and human development', which seeks to understand how we can address key issues in development with computational approaches; (2) the European Research Council funded Geonet project which seeks to map and measure the geographies of the internet.
In this exciting role, the researcher will work with small teams from around the university on short development-related projects. They will be in charge of collecting data via APIs, web scraping, and collaborations with platform owners, apply standard statistical analyses as well as bespoke computational analyses to address questions of economic, social, and policy relevance, and produce eye-catching visualisations of the results. They will also contribute to the dissemination of the findings through academic publications, reports, presentations, and social media.
The position is suited to candidates who have recently completed a postgraduate degree in computer science, GIS, economics, quantitative geography or sociology or other relevant discipline. Good programming skills and an interest in economic development are required.
Based at the Oxford Internet Institute, this position is available immediately for 12 months, in the first instance, with the possibility of renewal thereafter, funding permitting.
To apply for this role and for further details, including a job description, please click on the link below.
https://www.recruit.ox.ac.uk/pls/hrisliverecruit/erq_jobspec_details_form.jobspec?p_id=126297
Only applications received before 12.00 midday on Monday 12 December 2016 can be considered. Interviews for those short-listed are currently planned to take place on week commencing 16 January 2017.
Cross-posted from Geonet: Investigating the Changing Connectivities and Potentials of Sub-Saharan Africa's Knowledge Economy
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Webcasts for the Symposium on Big Data and Development
28 October 2016 /in Uncategorized /by Mark Graham
The Symposium on Big Data and Development that we hosted in Oxford last month was a great success. There were some excellent papers there, and there are now range of follow-up ideas and initiatives that have been spun out of it (including an edited book containing some of the contributions to the meeting).
If you weren't able to make it to the symposium (and I know many didn't because we were massively oversubscribed), we managed to film the three keynotes, and the concluding panel. You can watch them all below:
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Big data, the Global South, and digital transformation
30 September 2016 /in Uncategorized /by Iginio Gagliardone
The University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), in Johannesburg, recently made the news for the launch of one of the most innovative centers in Africa seeking to leverage academic research to promote new applications in the fields of big data, digital business, and social innovation.
In parallel with this effort, we (the Media Department, and Journalism Department and the LINK Center), launched a series of seminars reflecting on the transformative power of the Internet. The focus on the first seminar was on big data and development. In resonance with the spirit informing the Big Data and Development Incubator at Oxford, scholars and practitioners from different disciplines – from information systems, to journalism, media studies and urban planning – reflected on the promises and drawbacks of the abundance of digital born data, and its relevance for countries seeking to combat poverty, exclusion, and guarantee basic services.
While the format was a typical round-table, the debate and discussion that followed, offered unusual lessons that are important to share more broadly with the community reflecting on – and seeking to shape – the relationship between big data and human development.
The first part of the seminar highlighted continuities and discontinuing between the rhetoric characterizing "new" debates on big data and development and "older" debates on the "digital divide", those that dominated the late 1990s and early 2000s. The language used by most international organizations reflects these continuities. For example, the argument, "Big data gives unprecedented power to understand, analyze, and ultimately change the world we live in", included in the United Nations Big Data and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in 2015, dramatically resembles "The rapid progress of ICTs opens completely new opportunities to attain higher levels of development", that could be found in the Declaration of Principles of the World Summit on the Information Society, twelve years earlier.
Obvious discontinuities are the amount of data produced everyday, both in the Global North and in the Global South, and in the processing power that can turn even digital exhaust into potentially useful information to understand human behavior. This quality, well exemplified by the Data for Development Challenge launched by Orange Telecom in Ivory Coast, can prove particularly important in countries striving to build strong enough institutions able to offer reliable statistics (a challenge well explained in Morten Jerven's Poor Numbers).
A less obvious discontinuity, and the one that I want to emphasise here, depends on the different tone that can – potentially – characterize the relationship between the powerful (e.g. global corporations, donor countries) and the less powerful (e.g. low-income users, developing countries). In the 1990s and 2000s, most initiatives aimed at reducing the global digital-divide built on the assumption that those at the margin should – and wanted to? – catch up with the innovations created at the center. The dominant imagery was somehow bulkier than what we are used to today. It revolved around hardware that had to be moved from one place to another, and on the idea of a gap, or a time that had to pass for an innovation to reach the less innovative. Even the most well-meaning initiatives were built on a relationship of dependency, between those who had the technology and the skills, and those who did not, but might aspire to get some of it.
The big data and development agenda does share some of these traits, but, as the conversation at Wits highlighted, it does not have to. So far users, academics, entrepreneurs, even governments in the Global South seem to have been relatively compliant with the status quo, accepting also in this case to depend on the goodwill of those that appear to be driving the development agenda. In the case of Orange's Data for Development Challenge, for example, while the data released were those of Ivorian users, as highlighted by Taylor and Schroeder, the teams making use of them were all from institutions outside of Ivory Coast, mostly in the Global North. When compared to digital transformations of 1990s and 2000s, however, it is important to take note that the raw materials fuelling this new "revolution" are of a different kind. Data are not hardware that need to be moved, or innovations that need to be mastered. They are already "there", they are produced everyday, by – almost – everyone, skilled and unskilled. Orange was generous in releasing some of the data in its possession, allowing experimentation. But users, when collectively organized, can push the agenda a bit further. They can turn someone else's generosity into a duty. They can demand that some of the data, those with the greatest public relevance is released in the public domain. This logic does not apply only to telecom operators, but to many other players that are contributing to shape the information society.
Facebook has recently boosted its philanthropic and developmental rhetoric, with initiatives like Free Basics, aimed at using satellites, drones, and other innovations to connect the disconnected, even in the most remote areas. But, as we illustrated in a recent study we published with UNESCO, Facebook has also strongly resisted any request from academics, civil society groups, and other organizations to release some of the data it possesses, even those with a clear public utility. Uses of Facebook to incite hatred and possibly lead to violence are a good example. Facebook has developed a notice and takedown approach, asking users to flag content they consider abusive or dangerous. The aggregated data emerging from this process could offer a useful early warning system to understand whether and to which extent a minority group is at greater risk of being attacked in a specific national context. Similarly to Free Basics, this issue is of great relevance to those interested in the impact of digital technology in the Global South and in their uses that can support human development. Facebook, however, appears to have shown little interest in responding to these types of requests, and trailing on agendas that are not of its own making.
More than in the past, however, the relationship of digital dependency – one that assumes that a more powerful actor will generously relinquish some of its rights, or act in support of the less powerful – could be broken. Playing with the contradictions some of the tech giants (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, Google) are creating for themselves as they seek to boost their image by helping the "poor", or seek to combat injustices, can be a way to do so. Users in the Global South may be the first, asking for their data to be freed for "development", seeking to set the rules for global corporation to help them, rather than waiting for their innovations and generosity. After all, as the global resonance of #Rhodesmustfall and #feesmustfall movements that first emerged in South Africa has indicated, innovations (in imagery, not just in technology) do not have to travel only in one direction to be effective.
https://bigdatadevelopment.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2016/09/CrR-1qiXYAIHj75.jpg 768 1024 Iginio Gagliardone http://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/dataobservatory/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/07/OII-BDDArtboard-1-300x86.png Iginio Gagliardone2016-09-30 09:02:072016-09-30 09:02:07Big data, the Global South, and digital transformation
Symposium on Big Data and Human Development – closing remarks
19 September 2016 /in Uncategorized /by Mark Graham
It has been an extremely rewarding two days at the Symposium on Big Data and Human Development that Eduardo Lopez and I organised. We had a full room of people from academia, government, and the development sector – all speaking about how we might better use big data in the contexts of development.
There are many threads that we'll try to tie up over the next few weeks (an edited book, some workshop reports, perhaps another conference next year, etc.). But in the meantime, it might be useful if I reproduce the notes that I used to sum up the event here. Those of you who attended, please do comment if you see that I omitted anything. Those of you who didn't, please feel free to use this as a prompt to get involved.
This has been a much-needed conversation at a moment in which we're awash with hype about 'big data'.
We've learnt a lot about some of the potentials of big data: We've got new sorts of early warning signals. And – as we move from data to information to knowledge – we seem to be getting better at figuring out what to look for when it comes to disease tracking, or predicting things like student failure rates or corruption.
The fact that so much data comes from mobile phones has also created a specific opportunity to look at human mobility. And the relative democratisation of connectivity has important implications for deliberation and public participation at scales that have never before been possible.
But, with all that in mind, I want to pick up with areas that I think we still need to find ways to resolve as we all move forwards at this intersection of topics:
First, one theme that keeps coming up is that of data presences and absences really mattering. We have great data about some places, processes, people. But there are still big gaps – and, going forwards, we'll really to address this head-on. If we're using data to deploy scarce resources or deliver essential services, but there are blank spots on our map – then what strategies should we be employing to deal not just with our known unknowns, but also our unknown unknowns? Some of this might entail really getting good about asking questions about outliers in our models: Where are they, who are they, when are they?
Second, another important theme is not just data presences and absences – but even within the presences, there is the question of open versus closed data. So, for instance – many of us – me included – tend to use Twitter data to ask and answer a range of questions. And we do this because it is easily available and free and relatively straightforward to use.
But we should be careful that we don't get into the sort of situation in which the tail wags the dog rather than the dog wags the tail – as my colleague Ralph Schroeder puts it. What sorts of questions are we prevented from asking because of a lack of open, available data sources? What sorts of questions or topics are we perhaps focusing too much energy on? And what sorts of questions do our data lend or not lend themselves to?
Third, and relatedly, we're faced with some tension between issues of privacy, ownership, and control. How do we balance the desire to have more open data with best practices that prevent data leakage and still afford citizens with some control over their own data shadows?
There was an interesting discussion in the session that I organised with Richard Heeks at the DSA conference earlier this week about what we might learn from the literature on resource management – if we treat data as a resource.
And more broadly, are we happy with the current political-economy of development data? What current rights of access, control, and use should be rethought and challenged?
Fourth, how do we ourselves operate with maximum transparency – especially when we're not just dealing with descriptive analytics, but predictive analytics, and even prescriptive analytics? If our research, and the data we use, impacts on real people in real ways – are we happy with the current scientific models of dissemination that we use – or do we need any sort of alternate strategies that better engage with the communities that are the users – or subjects – of development?
Fifth, what can, or should, we learn across contexts? Or specifically, what should we rethink and relearn in different places or contexts? What sorts of things aren't transferrable? This is maybe where the repeated call throughout this conference for all of us to be thinking and collaborating in a multidisciplinary way comes in useful.
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Symposium on Big Data and Human Development | Sept 15-16 2016 | Final Programme
31 August 2016 /in Uncategorized /by Mark Graham
This workshop aims to move forward the debate about the ways in which big data is used, can be used, and should be used in development.
This symposium will also serve as a bridge between methodological knowledge about big data, critical academic research on the topic, and the desires of stakeholders and practitioners to achieve key developmental outcomes and goals.
This conference will use the hashtag #datahumdev
With keynotes by:
Professor Bitange Ndemo, Former Permanent Secretary of Kenya's Ministry of Information and Communication, and Lecturer at the University of Nairobi
Professor Alex (Sandy) Pentland, Academic Director of Data-Pop Alliance, and Director of the MIT Human Dynamics Lab
Dr Linnet Taylor, Assistant Professor in Data Ethics, Law & Policy, Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology and Society (TILT)
Eduardo Lopez
Christopher Dobyns
Thursday 15 September
12:30 13:00 Registration
13:00 13:15 Welcome & Opening Remarks
Professor Mark Graham, University of Oxford
Professor Eduardo Lopez, University of Oxford
13:15 14:15 Keynote
Dr. Bitange Ndemo, Former Permanent Secretary of Kenya's Ministry of Information and Communication and University of Nairobi Business School
14:15 14:45 Coffee Break
Professor Richard Heeks, University of Manchester
Professor Dorothea Kleine, Royal Holloway University of London
15:45 17:45 'Health and Big Data'
Speakers TBC
Friday 16 September
Professor Linnet Taylor, Tilburg University
10:30 11:30 Parallel Session A (Lecture Theatre 04)Title TBC
Dr. Nuria Oliver, Telefónica
"The Diffusion of Ultrasound Technology and Missing Women: An Analysis based on Google Searches for India"
Professor Francesco Billari, University of Oxford
10:30 11:30 Parallel Session B (Seminar Room)"Exploring the Potential of Open Data and Aid Transparency for Development"
Dr. Elise Dufief, Publish What You Fund
"Building the Online Labour Index"
Dr. Otto Kassi, University of Oxford
"Emergency Event Detection Using Mobile Phone Data"
Didem Gundogdu, University of Trento
11:30 12:30 Parallel Session A (Lecture Theatre 04)"The Economic Geography of the Internet 2.0: Digital Social Capital and Cities."
Dr. Emmanouil Tranos, University of Birmingham
"Data, Visualisation and Human Development"
Dr. Joanna Boehnert and Doug Specht, University of Westminster
"Measuring the Hidden Contours of the Global Knowledge Economy with Big Data"
Sanna Ojanpera, University of Oxford
11:30 12:30 Parallel Session B (Seminar Room)"The Making of Beneficiaries: On the Datification of Anti-Poverty Programmes"
Dr. Silvia Masiero, University of Loughborough
"Big data for development research in the Global South: Experiential lessons from LIRNEasia"
Prof. Rohan Samarajiva, LIRNEasia
"Combining Big and Traditional Data Sources to Enhance Public Policy Decision Making for Sustainable Development"
Dr. Jonggun Lee, Pulse Lab Jakarta – United Nations Global Pulse
12:30 13:30 Lunch (provided)
Professor Sandy Pentland, MIT Connection Science and Human Dynamics Lab
14:30 15:30 Parallel Session A ( Lecture Theatre 04)"Algovernance: Can Open Algorithms Revive Democratic Principles and Processes?"
Dr. Emmanuel Letouzé, Data-Pop Alliance
"Digging into big data and development: Findings from three Indian cases"
Dr. Chris Foster, University of Sheffield
14:30 15:30 Parallel Session B (Seminar Room)"Using IATI Data in "big data for human development" Research"
Rolf Kleef, International Development
"Big Data and Development: the Role of Competition Law and Policy"
Kelvin Kwok, University of Hong Kong
Title TBC
Gerson Bergeth, DFID
15:50 16:50 Panel & Keynote
Peter Tufano, University of Oxford
Professor Helen Margetts, University of Oxford
16:50 17:00 Closing Remarks
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Symposium on Big Data and Human Development
10 June 2016 /in Uncategorized /by Mark Graham
We are happy to announce a two-day symposium (Sept 15-16) that we are running in Oxford on the topic of big data and human development. This workshop aims to move forward the debate about the ways in which big data is used, can be used, and should be used in development.
We are lucky to have keynotes lined up from the following speakers:
Dr Linnet Taylor, Fellow at the Department of International Development, University of Amsterdam
We welcome the submission of abstracts (of max 250 words) for talks, panels, and sessions at the workshop. Submit them to christopher.dobyns@oii.ox.ac.uk by 15 July 2016.
Papers presented in the conference will be considered for an edited volume in big data and human development.
Please contact Mark Graham (mark.graham@oii.ox.ac.uk) with any questions.
The Oxford Human Development and Big Data Incubator is working to stimulate policy-oriented research. Topics that we seek to focus on in our workshop include (but are not limited to):
What 'big data' can tell us about human development; how we can facilitate better decision-making and accountability in previously data-sparse environments;
What presences and absences of data tell us about issues of participation and exclusion among marginalised populations;
What tools have emerged globally that can maximise citizen ownership of big data, by making data meaningful within the cultures of participation that characterise different localities.
Research results of projects employing big data in the contexts of development.
Submissions may include:
Talks: Contributors are invited to submit full-length talks (15 min) related to the conference themes
Panels: Contributors are invited to pitch a panel discussion on core conferences themes
Demonstrations: Contributors are invited to submit an idea for a demonstration (which may be facilitated as part of a panel as a stand-alone event)
To attend, please email your name and affiliation to events@oii.ox.ac.uk. Attending this conference is free of charge. Please note space is limited and registration preference will be given to contributors of selected abstracts. Otherwise, check out our official events page for up-to-date information, and hope to see you in Oxford!
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Jobs in Big Data and Development
2 June 2016 /in OII /by Mark Graham
The Alan Turing Institute is now hiring 3-year fellows in social data science and the digital humanities. One of the specific areas that they are looking for is someone who does research at the intersections of big data and development studies.
Check out specifics on their website (closing date July 13).
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Historicizing Big Data and Geo-information
30 March 2016 /in OII /by Mark Graham
I was asked by my colleague Oliver Belcher to act as a discussant in a session that he put together at the 2016 meeting of the Association of American Geographers: 'Historicizing Big Data and Geo-information'.
The session contained a set of truly excellent and provocative talks by Louise Amoore, Matthew Hannah, Patrick McHaffie, and Eric Huntley. I've now had a chance to type up my discussant notes (although apologies for the hastily-put-together nature of the text).
I think that this has been a much-needed set of papers at a moment in which we're awash with hype about 'big data'. We hear that we're at a significant moment of change; that there's a big data revolution that will transform science, society, the economy, security, politics, and just about everything else.
And so, it's important that these sorts of conversations are brought together. To allow us to think about continuities and discontinuities. To allow us to think about what is and what isn't truly new here. And to do that in order to hone our responses as critical scholars.
One way to start – perhaps – is to recognize, as all of the papers in this session have, that while 'big data' may not be new, we're in, have been in, or at least have long been moving towards, what Danny Hills refers to as an Age of Entanglement. I think it is maybe useful as a starting point for me to quote him here.
He says "We are our thoughts, whether they are created by our neurons, by our electronically augmented minds, by our technologically mediated social interactions, or by our machines themselves. We are our bodies, whether they are born in womb or test tube, our genes inherited or designed, organs augmented, repaired, transplanted, or manufactured. We are our perceptions, whether they are through our eyes and ears or our sensory-fused hyper-spectral sensors, processed as much by computers as by our own cortex. We are our institutions, cooperating super-organisms, entangled amalgams of people and machines with super-human intelligence, processing, sensing, deciding, acting."
In other words, while big data may not be new, we do now undoubtedly live in a digitally infused, digitally-augmented world. One in which we're entangled in complex digital ecosystems; hybrid complex ecosystems in which it is increasingly hard to disentangle agency and intent.
Why's my phone telling me to go left and not right? Why is the supermarket creating some personalized economic incentives for me and not others? Why is the search engine prioritizing some knowledge and not others? As researchers, it is hard to address questions like these because there is often no straightforward way of knowing the answers. Do we look to the code embedded within algorithms? Do we look to the people or institutions who created the algorithms? Do we look to the databases? Do we look to the people who manage the databases? Or do we look to the people, processes, and places emitting the data?
What today's talks have all usefully done is point to the fact that we need to be addressing some combination of all of those questions.
So, let me just pick up with a few general reflections and concerns about what the histories of big data mean for the futures of big data – that emerge from listening to these talks. Like all of the speakers, what I'll especially focus on here is what geography can bring to the table.
First, is a thought about our role as geographers. Many geographers, me included, spend a lot of time thinking about the geographies of the digital; thinking about how geographies still matter.
We probably do a lot of this to counter some of the ongoing, relentless, Silicon Valley narratives of things like the cloud. Narratives that claim that – provided they are connected – anyone can do anything from anywhere at any time. So, we end up spending a lot of our energy pushing back: arguing that there is no such thing as the cloud. That there are just computers. Computers all in other places.
But I wonder if we're missing a trick, by not also asking more questions about the contextual, specific, but likely present ways in which some facets of geography might actually matter less in a world of ever more digital connectivity. Not as a way of ceding ground to the breathless 'distance is dead' narrative – but in a critical and grounded way. Are there any economic, social, and political domains is distance, or spatial context actually becoming less relevant?
Second, when we speak about big data, or the cloud, or the algorithms that govern code-spaces, we often envision the digital as operating in a black box. In many cases, that is unavoidable.
But we can also draw more on the work from computational social science, critical internet studies, human computer interaction, and critical GIS. In all of those domains, research is attempting to open the black boxes of cloud computing; of big data; of opaque algorithms. Scholars are asking and answering questions about the geographies of the digital. Where is it; who produces it; who does it represent; who doesn't it represent; who has control; to whom is it visible.
There is much more that clearly needs to be done, and this work needs to be relentless, ongoing, and – of course – critical. But, one hope for the future is to see more cross-pollination with those communities who are developing tools, methods, and strategies to empirically engage with geography in a more data-infused world. So, yes – there are black boxes. But those boxes are sometimes hackable.
Third, and relatedly. A key critique of 'big data' – that I see – in the critical data studies community, is the one about correlative reasoning (in other words, if your dataset is big enough, you no longer need theory; no longer need to understand context; and can just look for correlations in the dataset). And relatedly a lack of reflexivity within those data practices of data analysis. But I wonder if we aren't also overplaying our hand a little here. Some big data practitioner work does stop at correlations, but a fair amount of it can be quite reflexive and aware of its limitations.
These researchers are still building or doing multi level models, social network analytics, community detection models, influence analysis, predictive analytics, and machine learning. My point here, is that whilst a lot of 'big data' work is undoubtedly naïve, let's also not underestimate the power that those with access to the right datasets, the computing resources to analyse those datasets, and the methods to analyse those datasets – have.
My broader point is that we really need to find the balance of not understating and not overstating the work being done by governments and corporations in the domain of big data. Yes, some big data practices out there are naïve and dumb. And yes, some are terrifyingly precise in the ways that they can anticipate human behavior.
To get that balance, I think we need a few things. The first is to pay attention to what has been called the Fourth Law of Thermodynamics: That, the amount of energy required to refute bullshit is an order of magnitude larger than required to create it. Let's make sure our energy is wisely spent.
To get the right balance, it also seems clear that all of us need to not just try to better understand the nuances of key techniques and methods being employed. But also to think about what we can specifically add to the debate as geographers – and on this latter point, this is something that I think the papers in this session did very well.
Fourth, when thinking about the political economy of data, it's becoming ever more clear that we need a full throated response to reclaim our digital environments (a point that Agnieszka Leszczynski has been forcefully making). Privacy and security scholars and activists have been especially vocal here. But let's again think about what our role as geographers can be in this debate.
The way in which my colleague Joe Shaw and I are thinking about this is (and – my advertising pitch here is that this is something we're speaking about in three sessions we've organized on the topic on Friday morning) – is to argue that we need to translate some of the ongoing 'right to the city' debate into the digital sphere. The point being that if places we live in are bricks, mortar, and digital data – we need to think about rights of access, control, and use – in our digitally-infused world.
This is just one type of intervention; and I'm sure that building on the foundations of critical historicisations of big data can offer us fertile ground for reimagining what we actually want our data-infused futures to look like.
Fifth, something that I saw, and really appreciated, in all of the papers was a forceful reflection on how data are always political. Too often data, and especially 'big data', gets presented as a neutral and objective reflection of the object of its measurement. That big data can speak for themselves. That, big data are a mirror of the world around them. What a lot of today's work has done is reflect on not just how data reflect the world, but also how they produce it; how they drive it. As we tread deeper into Danny Hills' 'Age of Entanglement', this is something we'll need much more of.
As Trevor Barnes, in the last session mentioned, the best kinds of papers leave you hungry for more detail – and a few more things I would have loved to have heard more about are:
From Louise –a bit more about what our vision of the cloud enables beyond the cloud; the cloud in many ways can make some facets of the cloud – or life – perceptible – the cloud being deployed to study life online. But how much of the cloud vision is about moving beyond the cloud – being deployed to study life offline; to study the facets of life that aren't directly emitting digital data shadows? Also, the empirical work you spoke about sounds fascinating – and I hope the questions give you some more time to bring out ways in which you've gone behind the algorithms – and underneath the cloud – to look at how these knowledges are created.
From Matthew – it was interesting to see how some of our contemporary concerns about the power of big data to aid the surveillance powers of the powerful – are far from new. So what might protests against contemporary regimes learn from the earlier moments you spoke about? There are many of us who want to opt out; is this now less possible because of the more encompassing nature of contemporary data collection regimes?
From Eric – I wonder if the idea of the 'world inventory' in the 80s; the details of it; what it means in practice, were similar to large tech firm like Google's vision of a world inventory of geospatial information today. Does a world inventory now mean something significantly different from what it used to?
From Patrick – You didn't use the term 'smart city'. But I wonder if you've looked into any so called 'smart city' initiatives – and if you could say more about how we should we should be honing our inquiry into the so-called 'smart city' based on what you've learnt here; based on what we know about the visions that brought the Cartographatron into being?
For all of us – scholars in this field – I wonder if we're all speaking about the same thing in this session when we talk about 'big data'. Are we taking about datasets that are a census rather than a sample of a population. Are we just using 'big data' as a proxy for 'digital data'? Are we using that term to refer to the whole contemporary apparatus of data trails, shadows, storage, analysis, and use? Are we using it to refer to digital unknown unknowns – the digital black box? Is the term actually helping us as short-hand for something else? Or do we need more precise language if we want to make sure we're genuinely having a conversation?
And finally, for all of us, I want to ask why this seems to continue to be such a male dominated field? In two sessions, seven speakers, and two discussants, we had only one female speaker. Are we reproducing the gendered nature of earlier computational scholarship? One of the dangers of telling these histories – is that it can end up being white men speaking about white men. This is not a critique of the organiser, as I know Oliver is well attune to these issues, but rather a question about how and why we might be re(producing) masuclinist knowledges.
So, to end – I want to again thank Oliver and the speakers for putting together this session on historicizing Big Data. We need more conversations like this; and we need more scholarship like this. And this is work that will have impacts beyond the boundaries of geography.
We know that we can't go backwards; and I think the goal that many of us have is a more just, more democratic, more inclusive data-infused world. And to achieve that, one thing we all need to be doing is participating in ongoing debates about how we govern, understand, and make sense of our digitally-augmented contexts.
And perhaps one thing that we can all take away from this session is that if we want to take part in the debate – to influence it – we'll need to understand big data's history if we want to change its futures.
https://bigdatadevelopment.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2016/03/IMG_20151028_160759-01.jpeg 2448 3264 Mark Graham http://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/dataobservatory/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/07/OII-BDDArtboard-1-300x86.png Mark Graham2016-03-30 18:38:312016-03-30 18:39:47Historicizing Big Data and Geo-information
Using Alternative Data Sources to Validate International Surveys?
7 March 2016 /in OII, Uncategorized /by Kit Dobyns
The narrative of misleading development statistics has been iterated in recent years. Morton Jerven's well-known text, How We are Misled by African Development Statistics and What to Do about It, challenges the reliability of development statistics and calls for new approaches to data collection. More recently, Michael Robbins and Noble Kuriakose have determined that approximately 1 in 5 international surveys contain fabricated data.
By reviewing responses from more than 1000 surveys, Robbins and Kuriakose identified 17% of these surveys as "likely to contain a significant portion of fabricated data. For surveys conducted in wealthy westernized nations, that figure drops to 5%, whereas for those done in the developing world it shoots up to 26%."
The two researchers came to these conclusions by identifying duplicate responses in surveys. One existing hypothesis is that many survey responses are biased due to the presence of data collection assistants (who are often collecting data door to door). Although some researchers have challenged Robbins and Kuriakose's methods, many others believe that the problem is even larger than the stated 17 percent.
Clearly, there is a strong argument to be had that additional data sources should be used to validate survey responses. One of our objectives at the Big Data and Development Incubator is to understand how data has been effectively harnessed in the context of development. By furthering the conversation on data and development, we aim to support development professionals, practitioners, and scholars.
http://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/dataobservatory/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/07/OII-BDDArtboard-1-300x86.png 0 0 Kit Dobyns http://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/dataobservatory/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/07/OII-BDDArtboard-1-300x86.png Kit Dobyns2016-03-07 11:34:482016-03-07 17:37:49Using Alternative Data Sources to Validate International Surveys?
Big Data and Development: Speed Dating!
11 February 2016 /0 Comments/in OII /by Kit Dobyns
Participants outlined some of their "aspirations" for big data and human development on post-it notes.
On Thursday, February 4th, approximately 20 Oxford academics met to discuss the Big Data and Development Incubator. In an effort to understand the potential uses of 'big data' in the contexts of development, participants asked what techniques, data sources, and possibilities exist for harnessing new online data to address persistent concerns regarding human development, inequality, exclusion, and participation.
By bringing together researchers with expertise in 'big data' and/or development, we hope to encourage the future development of collaborative research projects. From this research, several key themes emerged:
Firstly, many participants raised the topic of data generation processes. Implicit in this topic is both the need for a more narrow understanding of the term "big data" as well as the necessity of a broader conversation focused on the implications of big data analysis
Secondly, another area of interest was the application to "big data" (social media data, GIS data, etc.) to areas currently understood predominantly with "conventional data" (i.e., micro data, household surveys, etc.). Participants asked how information from social media can inform local policy as well as how this data could be linked with existing sources.
Lastly, the possibility of engaging more directly with data scientists affiliated with Oxford globally, and more specifically in Kenya, arose an area for further exploration.
In the coming weeks and months, we intend to consider next steps in each of these areas and plan future forums for discussion. Please reach out to Mark Graham at mark.graham@oii.ox.ac.uk if you are interested in contributing!
http://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/dataobservatory/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/07/OII-BDDArtboard-1-300x86.png 0 0 Kit Dobyns http://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/dataobservatory/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/07/OII-BDDArtboard-1-300x86.png Kit Dobyns2016-02-11 13:52:502016-02-11 13:52:50Big Data and Development: Speed Dating!
Introducing the ICT4D Seminar Series! (Hilary, 2016)
21 January 2016 /0 Comments/in Planning /by Kit Dobyns
http://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/dataobservatory/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/07/OII-BDDArtboard-1-300x86.png 0 0 Kit Dobyns http://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/dataobservatory/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/07/OII-BDDArtboard-1-300x86.png Kit Dobyns2016-01-21 15:09:112016-01-22 14:26:57Introducing the ICT4D Seminar Series! (Hilary, 2016)
What role for the Big Data and Human Development research network? Reflections from the UN Expert Group Meeting on Big Data and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 14-15 December, Bangkok
23 December 2015 /0 Comments/in Uncategorized /by Marco Haenssgen
Participants at the UN Expert Group Meeting on "Big Data and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development"
(Photo credit: Eri Nomikou, https://twitter.com/ENomikou/status/676274507384938496)
With a critical view on "Big Data" and "human development" across low-, middle-, and high-income countries, we position ourselves as a unique research network in the expanding Big Data and development landscape. Having returned from a recent United Nations Expert Group Meeting on "Big Data and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development," I believe that a key contribution of our network is to foster a North-South dialogue and to offer multidisciplinary perspectives and competencies that are largely under-represented among the existing Big Data actors.
Make no mistake: The debate at this high-level forum was nuanced and critical rather than focused on utopian ideas about the limitless potential of big data. Actors from the public, private, and academic sectors agreed that we first need to focus on the development problems and then solve the respective data needs, not the other way round. Problems of data solution "patchwork," data privacy and consent, viable private sector business models for public-private partnerships in big data, or closed versus open data environments were debated openly and honestly.
But it is also clear that many issues surrounding big data remain unresolved and require critical reflection and research. For example, because the skills and capacity to produce, handle, and analyse Big Data are likely to rest outside of government boundaries, increasing the use of Big Data in policy can be problematic. While often framed under broadening participation (e.g. Twitter data), "partnerships" for a wider data ecosystem, and private sector "data philanthropy" (i.e. companies donating data), private partners might also have vested interests to shape and select the data and indicators that correspond to desired policy changes from their perspective. This could mean a transfer of knowledge and power from the public to the private sector. How could we then ensure that transparency and accountability mechanisms apply to the same extent to private actors as to public ones? Even where such situations do not occur, continuity and reliability in such partnerships are not guaranteed. For example, voluntary donation of data by a company may be useful, but once economic constraints tighten, how would that company be prevented from stopping this practice in order to keep costs in check? How would private data sharing agreements alter if the company is bought by a competitor? What if national development policies are based on data provided by a company that is about to go bankrupt (the same applies to NGOs with erratic income streams)?
My point here is not that Big Data uses for development policy should be discouraged, but that we need to have a better grasp of such fundamental questions before we advocate alterations of fundamental policy processes in favour of non-conventional data (even existing "conventional" data appears widely underutilised). Among the numerous problem areas surfacing at the Expert Group Meeting was the need for overarching frameworks (e.g. ethical, evaluation, data governance, and knowledge management frameworks) and for a better problem-specific and micro-level understanding of Big Data's opportunities and intrinsic limitations (e.g. the social context of data generation, informational value of Big Data vs. conventional data to monitor specific Sustainable Development Goal indicators). The illustration below summarises some of the many themes that arose in the meeting.
Summary of Big Data problem areas
In my view, the high-level conversations at the Expert Group Meeting serve a useful purpose for putting "Big Data" on the policy agenda. What is needed next (and we are not quite there yet) is to build a knowledge base to understand how and how not to use various kinds of data in development policy and processes. Countries may articulate data and knowledge demands for specific development problems, and work with other "stakeholders" in pilot projects to develop institutional frameworks and mechanisms to make the best use of Big Data in light of its limitations. One plausible scenario might be that Big Data solutions help governments to save money when monitoring variations in development indicators for a majority group in urban areas (e.g. mobile phone data on economic performance and incomes), but the costs saved for data collection in one area should then be reinvested in order to understand the problems of the groups omitted by these data sources (e.g. remote and disconnected population groups). (Pilot projects, despite their seemingly poor reputation at the meeting, can help to build such knowledge, provided that evaluation frameworks are developed to articulate the learning outcomes up-front.)
The participation in a debate among experts has reinforced my conviction that research networks like ours are an indispensable ingredient to a more comprehensive understanding of Big Data. It is especially the North-South dialogue and the interdisciplinary expertise in our network that can open new perspectives and add much-needed depth to a Big Data debate that is still taking place at a high level.
http://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/dataobservatory/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/07/OII-BDDArtboard-1-300x86.png 0 0 Marco Haenssgen http://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/dataobservatory/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/07/OII-BDDArtboard-1-300x86.png Marco Haenssgen2015-12-23 15:57:542015-12-26 11:06:01What role for the Big Data and Human Development research network? Reflections from the UN Expert Group Meeting on Big Data and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 14-15 December, Bangkok
Big data and development mailing list
4 December 2015 /0 Comments/in Uncategorized /by Mark Graham
We have started a mailing list for anyone wanting to stay in touch about the 'big data and development' initiative, and engage in conversation with the network. Just send a message to [bigdatadevelopment-subscribe@maillist.ox.ac.uk] to sign up.
http://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/dataobservatory/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/07/OII-BDDArtboard-1-300x86.png 0 0 Mark Graham http://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/dataobservatory/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/07/OII-BDDArtboard-1-300x86.png Mark Graham2015-12-04 13:37:032015-12-04 13:37:03Big data and development mailing list
Kickoff!
28 October 2015 /0 Comments/in Planning /by David Simon
Meeting of the minds, featuring Iginio Galiardone via Skype.
http://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/dataobservatory/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/07/OII-BDDArtboard-1-300x86.png 0 0 David Simon http://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/dataobservatory/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/07/OII-BDDArtboard-1-300x86.png David Simon2015-10-28 16:30:142015-10-28 16:34:00Kickoff!
The new Big Data and Human Development research network
26 October 2015 /0 Comments/in Uncategorized /by Mark Graham
Data are now almost ubiquitous. Sensors and software are digitising and storing all manner of social, economic, political and environmental patterns and processes. As the size of these datasets has increased exponentially, many have begun to focus on how 'big data' harvested from online sources can allow potentially unprecedented insights into our world that may facilitate efforts to enhance human development.
Yet relatively little is known about how best to harness 'big data' in ways that could effectively inform development processes, particularly for the most disadvantaged, and whether those at the margins who produce the least amount of data risk becoming even more invisible. While new expertise is emerging, it remains unclear whether, and how, ordinary citizens will be able to seize these opportunities, individually and collectively and use them to their advantage.
Our initiative:
The 'big data and human development' research network aims to investigate the potential uses of 'big data' for advancing human development and addressing equity gaps. We are establishing a cross-disciplinary and global network to map what data sources and techniques exist for harnessing new digital data and address persistent concerns regarding human development, inequity, exclusion, and participation.
Our Goals:
The goals of this network will be to stimulate policy-oriented research that seeks to understand: (1) what presences and absences of data tell us about issues of participation and exclusion; (2) what data tell us about gaps in human development: facilitating better decision-making and accountability in previously data-sparse environments; (3) what tools have emerged globally that can maximise citizen ownership of big data, by making data meaningful within the cultures of participation that characterise different localities.
We plan to achieve these goals with three core activities.
1) First, we plan build a digital observatory that seeks to assess the potentials of different data sources for informing human development. This observatory will be a web-platform that can link to relevant data and metadata.
2) Through the use of detailed case studies, we aim to empirically illustrate some of the promises and perils of using big data to inform human development. These case studies will be carried out in collaboration with end-users is some of the countries that most need to access big data and harness them for human development, but lack the expertise to make use of them as they are currently offered.
3) Third, we plan to bring together research and policy from both Global North and South to ensure that methodological knowledge about big data is appropriately mapped on to the interests of stakeholders to achieve key development outcomes. We hope to bring together key figures in order to avoid what Schroeder 2014 refers to as the tail of big data wagging the dog.
Our Planned Activities:
An initial workshop will be held in Oxford in the first year of the initative bringing together a limited number of key stakeholders to discern the potential use of big data for human development. This workshop will help inform development of the data observatory and selection of case studies.
A core activity for our project is the development and maintenance of a data observatory of big data and its potential for informing human development
A final workshop will be held in the second year to disseminate our preliminary findings to a broader range of stakeholders and further engage with the types of empirical research being pursued.
We also plan to host a seminar series focusing on 'big data and human development.' This will be an open event for anyone in Oxford, and will be freely webcast for a broader audience.
Our hope is that this project will bring together a range of disciplinary strengths at Oxford and beyond. At this early stage, we welcome inputs, suggestions, and collaborations, to steer and guide this initiative. Bringing together work in this area will not only result in ground-breaking, cross-disciplinary research, but will also ultimately serve to inform more evidence based human development programmes around the world.
http://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/dataobservatory/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/07/OII-BDDArtboard-1-300x86.png 0 0 Mark Graham http://blogs.oii.ox.ac.uk/dataobservatory/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/07/OII-BDDArtboard-1-300x86.png Mark Graham2015-10-26 20:54:482015-10-26 21:07:18The new Big Data and Human Development research network
New Big Data and Development Fellowship: Apply to work with our Data Scientist10 February 2017 - 10:46 am
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text:
Three friends - Album release. Sublove Festival. And girl in a gale set at DJ David Freeland's Street Food event at The Table Restaurant Woodbridge.
DJ David Freeland
DJ David Freeland puts on shows with cool music and guest artists in a cool food place, The Table restaurant in Woodbridge is that. David asked me to play a live set.
Introspective Sounds are a production company doing events of varied electronic music genres and asked me to do a set at SubLove near Beccles in a couple of weeks in The Chill Out Zone.
On Friday 8th of June 2018 my BEOWULF album is released. It was a result of the cultural event in Woodbridge, The Spirit of Beowulf Festival created by Jan Pulsford and Clare Victoria Perkins (Woodbridge Mayor) to celebrate the famous Sutton Hoo Anglo-Saxon treasures.
Two pieces are directly related to The Spirit of Beowulf: Track 3 - The Whale Road, is a concept track about the sea voyage of Anglo-Saxon immigrants sailing from Denmark to Britain - sounds of sails flapping, shingle beaches and whales: and, Safewater - the feeling of gaining safety after a voyage, arriving at a foreign shore, including synthesized Anglo-Saxon speech.
The rest of the music on BEOWULF is pure girl in a gale ambient techno, one track #6, Sun Mor was recorded at 10am on a Sunday morning and has a delicious calm timbre - that peace you feel as you anticipate the first strong espresso coffee of the day.
And track number 7, Sun Lun, is a bit more active, Sunday lunchtime when the espresso has kicked in.
BEOWULF, over an hour long, is a representation of my musical story in Spring 2018, available on Apple Music, Google Music, Spotify and the rest from Friday 8th June 2018.
The Table, Woodbridge, outdoor music and indoor cosy quality dining ambience.
girl in a gale set in the chill out zone.
album release Friday 8th June 2018

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Fio Rito on the air with Clara, Lu, and Em, 1936. He led his band while playing the piano.
He was born Teodorico Salvatore Fiorito in Newark, New Jersey to an Italian immigrant couple, tailor Louis (Luigi) Fiorito and Eugenia Cantalupo Fiorito, when they were both 21 years old; and he was delivered by a midwife at their 293 15th Avenue residence. Ted Fiorito attended Barringer High School in Newark.
He was still in his teens when he landed a job in 1919 as a pianist at Columbia's New York City recording studio, working with the Harry Yerkes bands—the Yerkes Novelty Five, Yerkes' Jazarimba Orchestra and The Happy Six. His earliest compositions were recorded by the Yerkes groups and Art Highman's band. Fio Rito had numerous hit recordings, notably his two number one hits, "My Little Grass Shack in Kealakekua, Hawaii" (1934) and "I'll String Along with You" (1934).
He also demonstrated piano music for Al Piantadosi.
He composed more than 100 songs, collaborating with such lyricists as Ernie Erdman, Gus Kahn, Sam Lewis, Cecil Mack, Albert Von Tilzer, and Joe Young.
He moved to Chicago, Illinois in 1921 to join Dan Russo's band, and the following year he was the co-leader of Russo and Fio Rito's Oriole Orchestra. When Russo and Fio Rito opened at Detroit, Michigan's Oriole Terrace, their band was renamed the Oriole Terrace Orchestra. Their first recordings (May 1922) included Fio Rito's "Soothing." He did "Sleep" and other tunes for the AMPICO Reproducing Piano.
The band returned to Chicago for a booking at the Edgewater Beach Hotel, where they did their first radio remote broadcast on March 29, 1924. The band had a four-year engagement at the hotel.
In August 1925, the Russo-Fio Rito orchestra opened Chicago's new Uptown Theatre. They opened the famous Aragon Ballroom in July 1926, doing radio remotes nationally from both the Aragon and the Trianon Ballrooms. In 1927, he had a radio program on KTHS in Hot Springs, Arkansas. Dan Russo left the band in 1928, and Fio Rito took over as leader, touring the midwest with engagements in St. Louis, Kansas City and Cincinnati.
In August 1929, the band's first recording without Russo featured Ted Lewis on clarinet and vocal. Billed as Ted Fio Rito and His Edgewater Beach Hotel Orchestra, they headed for San Francisco to fill in for the Anson Weeks orchestra at the Mark Hopkins Hotel.
Fio Rito reached a national audience through syndicated and network radio programs. In Chicago, the band was heard on the Brunswick Brevities program, and they were the featured orchestra on NBC's Skelly Gasoline Show in New York. They broadcast on many 1930s radio programs, including The Old Gold Hour, Hollywood Hotel, The Al Jolson Show, Frigidaire Frolics and Clara, Lu, and Em.
The Fio Rito Orchestra's vocalists included Jimmy Baxter, Candy Candido, the Debutantes, Betty Grable, June Haver, the Mahoney Sisters, Muzzy Marcellino, Joy Lane (1947–1951), Billy Murray (the Denver Nightingale), Maureen O'Connor, Patti Palmer (birth name Esther Calonico), Kay and Ward Swingle.
During the 1940s, the band's popularity diminished, but Fio Rito continued to perform in Chicago and Arizona. He played in Las Vegas during the 1960s. In his last years, he led a small combo at venues throughout California and Nevada until his death in Scottsdale, Arizona from a heart attack. He is buried in the San Fernando Mission Cemetery in the Mission Hills community of northern Los Angeles.
Details of his chart successes are given below.
The Fiorito Band recorded prolifically starting in 1929 for Columbia. He signed with Victor from 1929-1930. After a single session in 1930 for Hit Of The Week, he signed with Brunswick in 1932 and recorded scores of records through 1935 when he signed with Decca from 1936-1942. He did a single session for Victor's Bluebird label in 1940. From 1932-through the 1942 recording ban, he primarily recorded in San Francisco and Los Angeles (most of his pre-1932 were recorded in Chicago).
The short animation Oh Mabel (1924), made in the sound-on-film Phonofilm process, featured the song "Oh, Mabel!" by Fio Rito and Gus Kahn.
Fio Rito appeared as himself, with his orchestra, in a number of motion pictures during the 1930s and early 1940s. He and his orchestra were featured in the following films: Twenty Million Sweethearts (1934), What Price Jazz? (1934), Broadway Gondolier (1935), and Rhythm Parade (1942).
Fio Rito is mentioned in The Honeymooners episode, "Young at Heart," that aired February 11, 1956. Reminiscing about bands from their youth, Ralph Kramden (Jackie Gleason) and Ed Norton (Art Carney) recall Fio Rito, Isham Jones, Basil Fomeen, Jack Little, and Johnny Messner and his toy piano.
"There's Yes, Yes in Your Eyes"
"I Never Knew (That Roses Grew)"
"Then You've Never Been Blue"
"I Want Somebody to Cheer Me Up"
"When the Moon Hangs High"
"Alone at a Table for Two"
^ DeLong, Thomas A. (1996). Radio Stars: An Illustrated Biographical Dictionary of 953 Performers, 1920 through 1960. McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-2834-2. P. 95.
^ Bodian, Nat. "Ted Fiorito: The Newark Son of Italian Immigrants Who Became One of Greats of American Music," Virtual Newark..
^ a b c Jasen, David A. (1988). Tin Pan Alley: the Composers, the Songs, the Performers and Their Times. Donald I. Fine, Inc. p. 141. ISBN 1556110995.
^ "Dance to These". Illinois, Decatur. The Decatur Herald. October 28, 1927. p. 7. Retrieved April 6, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Whitburn, Joel (1986). Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890-1954. Wisconsin, USA: Record Research Inc. p. 157. ISBN 0-89820-083-0.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ted Fio Rito.
This page was last edited on 9 April 2019, at 23:33 (UTC).


Today's headlines include news about a pre-recess Senate push to pass a state aid measure as well as a preview of a White House report to be issued today that predicts savings in the Medicare program.
Reporting for Kaiser Health News, in collaboration with the Los Angeles Times, Lisa Zamosky writes: "Looking to save money on healthcare? Consider asking your doctor for a discount. That's what Shelly Gordon of Palo Alto did. Gordon, who has a Blue Cross health plan with a $5,000 deductible and a $500 monthly premium, buys her own insurance since losing a job and starting her own public relations and communications firm. When she had her annual checkup, she learned that it came with a $350 price tag" (Kaiser Health News).
In his latest Kaiser Health News column, done in collaboration with The New Republic, Jonathan Cohn writes: "The effort to repeal health care reform, all in one fell swoop, seems to be stalling. Instead, the opponents of reform are trying to dismantle it piece by piece. The latest effort came last week, when a group of Republicans in the Senate proposed abolishing the Independent Payment Advisory Board. And therein lies a lesson about the future of American health care--and the two different shapes it could take" (Kaiser Health News).
Last year's giant Recovery Act helped fill this gap, but as these stimulus funds run out, Democrats fear more state layoffs, beginning with teachers just months before November elections. Cash-strapped governors are promised $16.1 billion to pay Medicaid bills next year and ease their budget situation; another $10 billion in education assistance would go to school boards to help with teacher hiring-a top priority for Education Secy. Arne Duncan (Politico).
Republicans may not be able to repeal the Democrats' health care reform law next year, but they're eyeing the next best thing: Deny the Obama administration the money it needs to implement the law (Politico).
The new health overhaul law will start producing savings for Medicare right away, and over time add 12 years of solvency to the program's giant trust fund for inpatient care, the Obama administration says in a report to be released Monday (The Associated Press).
Ryan is running a campaign of a different sort, one his party has so far refused to adopt: He is determined to persuade colleagues to get serious about eliminating the national debt, even if it means openly broaching overhauls of Medicare and Social Security (The Washington Post).
The Obama administration' restrictions on abortion coverage in the healthcare reform law's high-risk pools have infuriated abortion-rights supporters while failing to placate the procedure's opponents (The Hill).
The financial services overhaul, health-care legislation and the proposed climate change bill helped generate more than $128 million in lobbying revenue for these firms since the beginning of the year, with half posting double-digit gains (The Washington Post).
In the run-up to this week's giant free clinic in the District, Nicole Lamoureux, the lead organizer, could tell that hearts were racing, blood pressure was increasing and tension was rising. Calls from patients scheduling appointments were starting to pour into her office, but there weren't enough volunteer medical workers to see them (The Washington Post).


The United States is the only developed country that relies on profit-making health insurance companies to pay for essential and elective care. About 80 percent of non-elderly Americans have health insurance; generally they get it through the job, with the employer paying part of the premium as well. The monthly premium goes toward paying the worker's medical bills, but the insurance firms also soak up a significant share of the premium dollar to cover the costs of marketing, underwriting, and administration, as well as their profit. Economists agree that this is about the most expensive possible way to pay for a nation's health care. That's why, as we'll see throughout this book, all the other developed countries have decided that basic health insurance must be a nonprofit operation. In those countries, the insurance plans—sometimes run by government, sometimes private entities—exist only to pay people's medical bills, not to provide dividends for investors.


Posted by Team Donovan on Wednesday, August 10th, 2016 at 3:27pm.
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Home/Gaming/10 Most Engaging Strategy games for your Low-end PC
10 Most Engaging Strategy games for your Low-end PC
Unlimited Gamez Mo
Audrey ThroneNovember 2, 2021
The strategy genre is well-positioned to produce games for a wide range of PC settings due to the genre's intrinsic broad reach and scope of creators. Many strategy games don't require the most potent hardware to operate correctly like unlimited gamez mo because not everyone has access to the most up-to-date setup.
Turn-based strategy games, in particular, are the least resource-intensive since action-based responsiveness isn't crucial to the game's general design.
Because of this, there's a wide range of high-quality strategy games available on laptops and other low-end devices, old and new. The finest strategy games for low-end PCs are available for people who want to play the strategy genre but do not want to invest in the most costly hardware.
1- Star Wars: Empire at War
With its Star Wars premise, Star Wars: Empire at War is a unique strategy game situated in the namesake world, despite its age. Forces of Corruption, a significant expansion, has extensive campaigns for the Empire and the Rebellion and a pirate consortium campaign. These campaigns, however, belong to the Star Wars Legends timeline.
Empire at War offers some of the greatest space battles of any real-time strategy game, including compelling capital ship and starfighter tactics and individually destructible ship components, in addition to the well-presented environment. Due to the general lack of space combat games, this feature stands out to this day.
Despite its old-fashioned UI and lackluster ground combat, Empire at War's spectacular space battles is still a joy to behold even on low-end computers. It's one of the more adaptable strategy games on this list because of the game's sizeable modding community.
2- Panzer Corps
This game allows players to take command of an army during humanity's most devastating battle and engage in campaigns that span a wide range of essential events and "what-if" scenarios from ancient galaxies and war-torn Earth during World War Two. Players will be able to choose from a wide range of troops, including anything from infantry and tanks to planes and ships.
Even though Slitherine has produced a follow-up to the original classic, the switch to a 3D engine makes it inaccessible to systems with less horsepower. In addition, the Panzer Corps collection, which includes DLCs and other material spanning several years, is quite affordable.
3- Sword of the Stars
It's rare to find a modern game with as much gameplay depth or as many different synergistic mechanics as the Sword of the Stars series. For the most part, the game's tremendous technology system and excellent ship designer, which features incredible real-time tactical space combat, have held up to the test of time.
However, getting into Sword of the Stars will be a challenge due to the game's high learning curve and clumsy user interface. Despite this, the game is well worth the time and effort. Sword of the Stars is an excellent choice for systems with limited processing power since it can easily handle the intense space battles that will keep you entertained for hours on end.
4- Banished
Management games may become highly processor-intensive in big scenarios or late-game circumstances due to the sheer number of moving components and logistical systems at play. Banished is an excellent light management game that allows players to build a self-sustaining civilization out of their community of exiles.
Banished takes a different approach to management games, requiring players to focus on raw resource management in addition to their population's moods and demands. This makes the game more challenging to master.
This method infuses the normally calm managerial experience with a sense of immediacy and peril since the decisions made by the players may be the difference between the society imploding or chugging along on the precipice.
5- Bad North
Micro-strategy or tactics games are a form of strategy game that is particularly well-suited to low-end computers. It is common for these games to have a basic control system that is ideal for new players, with a small number of variables, while simultaneously emphasizing replayability, resulting in relatively high-skill ceilings.
With a stunning and attractive simple design, the idea of island-hopping and trying to flee an impending onslaught of fantasy-Esque Vikings are at the heart of Bad North.
The tactical gameplay is exceptionally tight, allowing players to command up to four squads, each with their powers and equipment, while simultaneously using the terrain to their advantage.
6- Medieval 2: Total War
Medieval 2 beats over its more recent Total War rival, Shogun 2, because of its better appropriateness for systems with less horsepower. It's a great illustration of what Creative Assembly was capable of back when it wasn't yet a AAA studio.
A substantial grand strategy game set in the High Middle Ages, Medieval 2 pits players against one another to see who can capture the most territory. The medieval tactical battles are undoubtedly impressive, especially as the game progresses and the heraldry becomes more vibrant. Still, it's the strategic layer that genuinely shines, thanks to excellent character management systems, construction mechanisms, and the inclusion of religion.
As one might expect from a game of this era, the clumsy user interface, the lack of a discrete technology system, and the good graphics all point to the game's aging. Tactical battles are excellent, and the moddability is out of this world, making this a must-have strategic title.
7- The Banner Saga
Role-playing games and strategy games often go hand in hand, and the three-part Banner Saga is an excellent illustration of this. It's hard to beat when it comes to the game's presentation, fantastic visual design, and original world-building.
There is a fantasy end-of-the-world scenario in The Banner Saga, which is full of drama, tough character decisions, and exploration of cultural conflicts and ideologies for the whole globe. Role-playing is made interesting and exciting by the storytelling, character development, and global and personal stakes.
8- XCOM: Enemy Unknown
Because it revived and launched a new genre of tactical strategy games, XCOM: Enemy Unknown is an excellent place to start for anybody looking for a challenging game with light role-playing aspects. But even though Enemy Unknown isn't its IP, it upgrades XCOM's old-school graphics and gameplay to create a more dynamic, visually attractive game that's also a superb all-around strategic title.
The combat system combines well with the strategic layer since players must make decisions regarding research programs and, most crucially, respond to urgent threats while unwittingly and grudgingly sacrificing comrades for the survival of Earth.
9- Tower of Babel
Another strategic game, that is liked by a lot of people is a tower of babel. This is the game of a website named Unlimited Gamez Mo, and according to a survey, people really liked this game because of its strategic way of playing.
The Nintendo Switch game "Tower of Babel – no mercy" is a physics-based tower construction game. This game may be played alone or with a friend in a variety of ways, including head-to-head matches against AI opponents, couch co-op, and internet play.
One of its modes lets you construct the tower all by yourself if that's all you're after. Looking for a group to take on as a challenge with you? Join a local or online game with friends and have some fun.
'Tower of Babel – no compassion' has the advantage of requiring very little prior knowledge. Just go to work on that skyscraper! The game's mechanics feature a pendulum swinging a section of your structure.
When you press A, the piece will fall to the ground and a new one will begin to swivel in its place. If you time each drop correctly, the parts will fall on top of one another, increasing the height of your tower.
The towers become increasingly difficult as you progress, either because of your own mistakes or because the forms of the parts vary. My first mistake was building a tower with an entrance perilously positioned on top of multiple levels.
10- Into the Breach
In Into the Breach, the player takes control of a team of mech pilots who journey back in time to defend the Earth from an invasion of monster kaiju. The human toll of War. Because of this, the idea makes for an exciting and tight tactical gaming experience, as well as an entertaining explanation of the game's roguelike structure.
Bright pixel visuals immerse the player in the game's setting while also clearly displaying critical tactical information. They do both well. Into the Breach, like many other roguelikes, can be tedious and monotonous after a while, but the game's diversity and adaptability make up for it.
This is our list of ten addictive strategy games. If you think we are missing out on some more fun games, do not forget to inform us in the comment section below.
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Post-Purchase Issues Contribute to Over Half of Retailers' One-Star Trustpilot Reviews
By MTS Staff Writer	 On Jan 27, 2021
Over half of one-star reviews on Trustpilot attributed to problems with delivery and returns
Problems with receiving and returning products are having a major impact on customer perceptions of UK retailers, according to a new report from post-purchase technology platform HelloDone.
The research, which analysed 3,000 one-star Trustpilot reviews across 150 major UK retailers, showed that more than half (55%) of customer complaints were attributed to issues with the post-purchase experience, that is from the moment a customer has 'clicked' the buy button through to the item arriving at their front door.
Marketing Technology News: aMVG and Anzu Announce Partnership to Bring Blended In-Game Advertising to the Addressable Media
Nearly 40% of one-star reviews were attributed to issues with delivery, while a further 15% mentioned the returns process as a contributing factor to a negative experience with a retailer. The research also found that:
Orders not arriving was the most commonly cited problem with deliveries, accounting for nearly half (48%) of all reviews that mentioned delivery.
Late delivery (17%) was the second most common complaint.
Post-purchase problems were most common amongst retailers in the fashion (68%), sports & leisure (51%), and specialist (49%) categories.
Fashion (28%) and sports & leisure (17%) also had the most mentions of returns in their reviews.
Dissatisfaction with customer service response times appeared in more than 1 in 4 reviews (27%).
This was most prevalent in the electricals category, appearing in half of reviews (51%).
HelloDone CEO Ed Hodges said: "Our research shows that some of the main sources of frustration for shoppers are the parts of the customer experience that retailers currently have the least control over. Each one-star review represents a customer who may now be lost forever. But with investment in the right processes and technology, we see a huge opportunity for retailers to turn the post-purchase experience into a source of commercial and competitive advantage.
Marketing Technology News: Cognira Makes Its AI-Powered Promotion Suite Available to All Retailers
"In an ideal world, every delivery would arrive in mint condition, to the right location and at the precise time expected. But logistics is an extremely complex business and sometimes things will go wrong. We know from our work with our customers that effective, proactive communication through the digital channels they use most has a crucial role to play in managing expectations and leaving consumers with a good impression when there are issues to resolve."
3 steps to better post-purchase communication:
Don't just leave it to your logistics partners. Your customer should continue to receive updates from you directly after they receive their order confirmation rather than rely on the SMS or web portal of the carrier. This is even more important in the current circumstances, with many people receiving multiple orders on the same day.
Be proactive. A delivery time is a promise – customers will be more forgiving if you alert them to any changes to their order or arrival time so there are no unwelcome surprises and allow them to re-arrange timings to make their lives easier.
Use automation to support post-purchase problem solving. Many common issues, particularly around WISMOs (where is my order?), can be resolved without the need for customer service centers and manual input. Automating more customer conversations frees up customer service teams to focus on the most complex and sensitive tickets.
Full ranking of retail categories by prevalence of post-purchase mentions (delivery and returns) in Trustpilot reviews:
Rank Category Post-purchase total
1 Fashion 68%
2 Sports & leisure 51%
3 Specialist 49%
4 Electricals 46%
~5 Home & DIY 45%
~5 Health & beauty 45%
7 Entertainment 43%
8 General merchandise 37%
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conversational AIcustomer engagementcustomer experienceHelloDoneMarketing TechnologyNewsTrustpilot Reviews
MTS Staff Writer
MarTech Series (MTS) is a business publication dedicated to helping marketers get more from marketing technology through in-depth journalism, expert author blogs and research reports.
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Police in Kwazakele is urgently seeking the community's assistance in tracing a 41-year-old woman who went missing from her mother's home on 20 December 2018.
SAPS Crime Prevention Unit members brought a smile to 200 children of KwaNobuhle yesterday.
A total of four suspects aged between 26 and 32 years were arrested by Mthatha police in Ngangelizwe today, 26 December 2018 at about 03h30.
In a bid to curb trio crimes, two alleged house robbers, both aged 27, are expected to appear before the Klerksdorp Magistrates' Court on Thursday, 27 December 2018.


As the name suggests, Peri Peri Kukula specialises in spicy flame-grilled chicken along with some tasty sides.
Nearly half-a-year after Laura's pleasant experience at Peri Peri Kukula, we went back to see how the place was doing. TLDR: the place is doing quite well. The service is great, the crowd keeps coming in, and the chicken and sauce are juicy and good, though you'll note a few areas for improvement suggested in our second look.
We love the simplicity of the menu, just choose the size of your chicken and how spicy you want your sauce and you are good to go. There are upto 6 sides and a few outliers like the Chicken and Pulled Jack Burgers. The chicken is from Prima, the meat is flame grilled as you wait, and the sauce is made from locally sourced ingredients.
The peri peri sauce we tried was pretty hot, that is to say 'hot'. The restaurant has careful hotness categories. At the lowest level there is just 'Garlic', for white people and babies; 'Medium Hot'; 'Hot'; and 'Very Hot' for overcompensating, discerning Sri Lankans with deep-seated sexual insecurities.
Though the chicken is not cheap, the family platter (Rs. 3000) is enough for three reasonably hungry people. The chicken is juicy on the inside, kinda crispy on the outside (no I wasn't inspired by the KFC signage across the road). The charred bits were my favourite though, I like digging through the texture.
I did think that maybe the meat could have been more powerfully marinated, some of the softer bits on the inside tasted rather bland. Especially in the breast areas, the meat was drier and stringier and completely lacking in flavor. You're reduced to mopping up the sauce with the chicken, but maybe that's the point.
We got sides of Corn and Garlic Bread with our platter.  The Garlic Bread could improve, the bread is too thick, it's texture too irregular and it didn't seem as garlicky as it should be. The corn though, was amazing.
We also ordered some Hummus with Peri Peri Sauce (Rs. 400). It seemed a little old, was brought out frozen, and tasted like it had too much chick pea in it. Also , it could have used more lemon. We still ate it because we were hungry. We asked for pita bread refills, and they took some time to arrive. The bread wasn't done properly and was only irregularly crispy.
So what do you know, Peri Peri has their own selection of bottled juice (Rs. 250). The Narang was pretty on point. Not too sweet not too sour. The Passion Fruit Juice was great, but lacked a but of uh, passion. They source the fruit from Pettah, add sugar and don't add any preservatives.
A great place for grilled chicken, their sides are pretty good too, if you know what to stick to.
Bear in mind that the Peri Peri sauce is made to suit Sri Lankan palate. Choose wisely!
A great place for grilled chicken with some spicy chilli sauce.
For all those desperately waiting for Nando's to come back to Sri Lanka.
On Jawatte Road, opposite KFC and Embark. You can't miss their flashy orange facade.
I, my sister and brother just thought to try the place out and how glad we did. Located right opposite KFC it's a healthier and tastier alternative to their fried cousin across the road. Narang juice was also excellent. I only hope this little kukula does not get swallowed by the competition.
just ordered my first order today, I would recommend it any day. loved the Hummus, and it was cold how Hummus should be with hot peta bread. The Corn…it was delicious.


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Depuis l'adoption de la Constitution de la Cinquième République française en 1958, dix élections présidentielles ont eu lieu afin d'élire le président de la République. Cette page présente les résultats de ces élections dans le Nord.

Synthèse des résultats du second tour

Jusqu'en 1995, le Nord avait tendance  à voter plus à gauche que la France. C'est en particulier le cas en 1974 et 1995 où le département a placé en tête respectivement François Mitterrand (54,12 %) et Lionel Jospin (53,7 %) alors qu'au niveau national ont été élus Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (50,81 %) et Jacques Chirac (52,64 %). Le département vote ensuite dans la tendance nationale. En 2017, Emmanuel Macron obtient plus de 9 points de moins qu'au niveau national.

Résultats détaillés par scrutin

2017
Le premier tour de l'élection présidentielle de 2017 voit s'affronter onze candidats. Emmanuel Macron arrive en tête devant Marine Le Pen et tous deux se qualifient pour le second tour. Néanmoins, avec François Fillon et Jean-Luc Mélenchon, les scores des quatre candidats ayant recueilli le plus de voix sont serrés ( entre le  et le ). Pour la première fois, aucun des candidats des deux partis politiques pourvoyeurs jusque-là des présidents de la  République, n'est présent au second tour. Celui-ci se tient le dimanche  et se solde par la victoire d'Emmanuel Macron, avec un total de  de vote en sa faveur, soit  des suffrages exprimés, face à la candidate du Front national, qui recueille 33,90 %. Le scrutin est néanmoins marqué par une forte abstention et par un record de votes blancs ou nuls.

Dans le Nord, Marine Le Pen arrive en tête du premier tour avec 28,22 % des exprimés, suivie de Jean-Luc Mélenchon (21,28 %), Emmanuel Macron (19,85 %), François Fillon (16,75 %) et Benoît Hamon (5,65 %). Au second tour, les électeurs ont voté à 56,9 % pour Emmanuel Macron contre 43,1 % pour Marine Le Pen avec un taux de participation de 73,24 % des inscrits.

2012
Hollande, désigné par le PS à la suite d'une primaire ouverte, devance Sarkozy dès le premier tour de l'élection présidentielle de 2012 : c'est la première fois qu'un président sortant est ainsi devancé. Au second tour, Sarkozy est battu mais par un écart plus faible qu'attendu.

Dans le Nord, François Hollande arrive en tête du premier tour avec 27,97 % des exprimés, suivi de Nicolas Sarkozy (24,7 %), Marine Le Pen (21,91 %), Jean-Luc Mélenchon (12,62 %) et François Bayrou (7,48 %). Au second tour, les électeurs ont voté à 52,88 % pour François Hollande contre 47,12 % pour Nicolas Sarkozy avec un taux de participation de 77,89 % des inscrits.

2007
Au premier tour de l'élection présidentielle de 2007, Sarkozy réussit à capter une partie des voix de Le Pen et arrive largement en tête. Royal est la première femme qualifiée pour le second tour d'une élection présidentielle. Elle est battue avec une avance de 6 points.

Dans le Nord, Nicolas Sarkozy arrive en tête du premier tour avec 29,3 % des exprimés, suivi de Ségolène Royal (24,83 %), François Bayrou (15,64 %), Jean-Marie Le Pen (13,83 %) et Olivier Besancenot (5,2 %). Au second tour, les électeurs ont voté à 51,75 % pour Nicolas Sarkozy contre 48,25 % pour Ségolène Royal avec un taux de participation de 81,97 % des inscrits.

2002
Après cinq années de cohabitation, un duel est attendu entre Chirac et le Premier ministre Jospin lors de l'élection présidentielle de 2002, mais, à la surprise générale, ce dernier est devancé par Le Pen au premier tour. Au second tour, Chirac bénéficie du ralliement de la gauche et reçoit un score sans précédent. Il s'agit de la première élection pour un mandat de cinq ans et non plus sept.

Dans le Nord, Jean-Marie  Le Pen arrive en tête du premier tour avec 19,42 % des exprimés, suivi de Jacques  Chirac (17,73 %), Lionel  Jospin (16,81 %), Arlette Laguiller (7,24 %) et Francois  Bayrou (6,59 %). Au second tour, les électeurs ont voté à 78,28 % pour Jacques  Chirac contre 21,72 % pour Jean-Marie  Le Pen avec un taux de participation de 77,69 % des inscrits.

1995
Après une nouvelle cohabitation et alors que la droite est particulièrement divisée entre Chirac et le Premier ministre Balladur, Jospin réussit à arriver en tête au premier tour de l'élection présidentielle de 1995, malgré la très lourde défaite de la gauche aux législatives de 1993. Au second tour, il est battu par Chirac.

Dans le Nord, Lionel Jospin arrive en tête du premier tour avec 23,23 % des exprimés, suivi de Jean-Marie Le Pen (18,18 %), Edouard Balladur (17,53 %), Jacques Chirac (16,85 %) et Robert Hue (11,92 %). Au second tour, les électeurs ont voté à 53,7 % pour Lionel Jospin contre 46,3 % pour Jacques Chirac avec un taux de participation de 78,92 % des inscrits.

1988
Après deux ans de cohabitation, Mitterrand affronte le Premier ministre Chirac lors de l'élection présidentielle de 1988. Le Pen obtient au premier tour un score jusque-là sans précédent pour un parti d'extrême droite. Au second tour, Mitterrand est facilement réélu.

Dans le Nord, François Mitterrand arrive en tête du premier tour avec 36,74 % des exprimés, suivi de Raymond Barre (15,59 %), Jean-Marie Le Pen (15,16 %), Jacques Chirac (15,03 %) et André Lajoinie (10,34 %). Au second tour, les électeurs ont voté à 60,52 % pour François Mitterrand contre 39,48 % pour Jacques Chirac avec un taux de participation de 84,8 % des inscrits.

1981
Lors de l'élection présidentielle de 1981, Giscard d'Estaing arrive en tête au premier tour et affronte, comme la fois précédente, Mitterrand. Pour la première fois, un président sortant est battu : Mitterrand devient le premier président de gauche de la  République.

Dans le Nord, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing arrive en tête du premier tour avec 27,36 % des exprimés, suivi de François Mitterrand (25,91 %), Georges Marchais (21,44 %), Jacques Chirac (14,63 %) et Brice Lalonde (3,47 %). Au second tour, les électeurs ont voté à 54,12 % pour François Mitterrand contre 44,65 % pour Valéry Giscard d'Estaing avec un taux de participation de 88,22 % des inscrits.

1974
L'élection présidentielle de 1974 est une élection anticipée à la suite de la mort de Pompidou. Mitterrand, candidat unique de la gauche, est largement en tête au premier tour devant Giscard d'Estaing, qui distance lui-même Chaban-Delmas. Au terme d'une campagne animée, marquée par un débat télévisé tendu, Giscard d'Estaing l'emporte avec une très courte avance.

Dans le Nord, François Mitterrand arrive en tête du premier tour avec 48,06 % des exprimés, suivi de Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (28,81 %), Jacques Chaban-Delmas (15,35 %), Arlette Laguiller (2,49 %) et Jean Royer (2,13 %). Au second tour, les électeurs ont voté à 54,12 % pour François Mitterrand contre 45,88 % pour Valéry Giscard d'Estaing avec un taux de participation de 89,83 % des inscrits.

1969
L'élection présidentielle de 1969 est une élection anticipée à la suite de la démission de De Gaulle. La gauche se lance désunie dans la course et, bien que Duclos (PCF) manque de le devancer, c'est le président par intérim Poher qui accède au second tour face à l'ex-Premier ministre Pompidou. Alors que Duclos refuse d'appeler à voter au second tour pour « bonnet blanc ou blanc bonnet », Pompidou est finalement largement élu.

Dans le Nord, Georges Pompidou arrive en tête du premier tour avec 42,62 % des exprimés, suivi de Jacques Duclos (26,86 %), Alain Poher (17,15 %), Gaston Defferre (7,27 %) et Michel Rocard (3,36 %). Au second tour, les électeurs ont voté à 59,66 % pour Georges Pompidou contre 40,34 % pour Alain Poher avec un taux de participation de 69,96 % des inscrits.

1965
L'élection présidentielle de 1965 est la première élection au suffrage universel direct à la suite du référendum d'octobre 1962. De Gaulle est mis en ballottage, à la surprise générale, par Mitterrand, candidat unique de la gauche. La campagne du second tour est axée sur l'Europe et les relations internationales ainsi que sur l'armement nucléaire. De Gaulle est finalement réélu avec une large avance.

Dans le Nord, Charles de Gaulle arrive en tête du premier tour avec 48,06 % des exprimés, suivi de François Mitterrand (35,61 %), Jean Lecanuet (10,85 %), Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour (3,21 %) et Pierre Marcilhacy (1,14 %). Au second tour, les électeurs ont voté à 55,51 % pour Charles de Gaulle contre 44,49 % pour François Mitterrand avec un taux de participation de 88,7 % des inscrits.

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 Liste des élections présidentielles françaises (Cinquième République)

Liens externes
 Contexte et résultats détaillés par La Documentation française : 1965 - 1969 - 1974 - 1981 - 1988 - 1995 - 2002 - 2007 - 2012

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Nord
Presidentielles

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