text:
package org.assertj.core.api;

import static org.assertj.core.error.ShouldBeAssignableTo.shouldBeAssignableTo;
import static org.assertj.core.error.ShouldNotBeNull.shouldNotBeNull;
import static org.assertj.core.util.Arrays.array;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.util.Objects;

import org.assertj.core.internal.Classes;

/**
 * Base class for all implementations of assertions for {@link Class}es.
 *
 * @param <SELF> the "self" type of this assertion class. Please read "Emulating 'self types' using Java Generics to simplify fluent API implementation"
 *          for more details.
 *
 * @author William Delanoue
 * @author Mikhail Mazursky
 */
public abstract class AbstractClassAssert<SELF extends AbstractClassAssert<SELF>>
    extends AbstractAssert<SELF, Class<?>> {

  Classes classes = Classes.instance();

  protected AbstractClassAssert(Class<?> actual, Class<?> selfType) {
    super(actual, selfType);
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} is assignable from others {@code Class}
   *

   * Example:
   *
 class Jedi {}
   * class HumanJedi extends Jedi {}
   *
   * // this assertion succeeds:
   * assertThat(Jedi.class).isAssignableFrom(HumanJedi.class);
   *
   * // this assertion fails:
   * assertThat(HumanJedi.class).isAssignableFrom(Jedi.class);

   *
   * @see Class#isAssignableFrom(Class)
   * @param others {@code Class} who can be assignable from.
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} is {@code null}.
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if no {@code others} classes have been specified.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} is not assignable from all of the {@code others} classes.
   */
  public SELF isAssignableFrom(Class<?>... others) {
    classes.assertIsAssignableFrom(info, actual, others);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} is assignable to other {@code Class}
   *

   * Example:
   *
 class Jedi {}
   * class HumanJedi extends Jedi {}
   *
   * // this assertion succeeds:
   * assertThat(HumanJedi.class).isAssignableTo(Jedi.class);
   *
   * // this assertion fails
   * assertThat(Jedi.class).isAssignableTo(HumanJedi.class);

   *
   * @see Class#isAssignableFrom(Class)
   * @param other {@code Class} who can be assignable to.
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} is {@code null}.
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code other} is null.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} is not assignable to the {@code others} class.
   *
   * @since 3.24.0
   */
  public SELF isAssignableTo(Class<?> other) {
    isNotNull();
    assertIsAssignableTo(other);
    return myself;
  }

  private void assertIsAssignableTo(Class<?> other) {
    Objects.requireNonNull(other, shouldNotBeNull("other")::create);
    if (!other.isAssignableFrom(actual)) throw assertionError(shouldBeAssignableTo(actual, other));
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} is not an interface.
   *

   * Example:
   *
 interface Jedi {}
   * class HumanJedi implements Jedi {}
   *
   * // this assertion succeeds:
   * assertThat(HumanJedi.class).isNotInterface();
   *
   * // this assertion fails:
   * assertThat(Jedi.class).isNotInterface();

   *
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} is not an interface.
   */
  public SELF isNotInterface() {
    classes.assertIsNotInterface(info, actual);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} is an interface.
   *

   * Example:
   *
 interface Jedi {}
   * class HumanJedi implements Jedi {}
   *
   * // this assertion succeeds:
   * assertThat(Jedi.class).isInterface();
   *
   * // this assertion fails:
   * assertThat(HumanJedi.class).isInterface();

   *
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} is not an interface.
   */
  public SELF isInterface() {
    classes.assertIsInterface(info, actual);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} is abstract (has {@code abstract} modifier).
   *

   * Example:
   *
 public abstract class MyClass { }
   *
   * // this assertion succeeds:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).isAbstract();
   *
   * // this assertion fails:
   * assertThat(String.class).isAbstract();

   *
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} is not abstract.
   *
   * @since 3.12.0
   */
  public SELF isAbstract() {
    classes.assertIsAbstract(info, actual);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} is an annotation.
   *

   * Example:
   *
 public @interface Jedi {}
   *
   * // these assertions succeed:
   * assertThat(Jedi.class).isAnnotation();
   * assertThat(Override.class).isAnnotation();
   * assertThat(Deprecated.class).isAnnotation();
   *
   * // this assertion fails:
   * assertThat(String.class).isAnnotation();

   *
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} is not an annotation.
   */
  public SELF isAnnotation() {
    classes.assertIsAnnotation(info, actual);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} is not an annotation.
   *

   * Example:
   *
 public @interface Jedi {}
   *
   * // this assertion succeeds:
   * assertThat(String.class).isNotAnnotation();
   *
   * // these assertions fail:
   * assertThat(Jedi.class).isNotAnnotation();
   * assertThat(Override.class).isNotAnnotation();
   * assertThat(Deprecated.class).isNotAnnotation();

   *
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} is an annotation.
   */
  public SELF isNotAnnotation() {
    classes.assertIsNotAnnotation(info, actual);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} is final (has {@code final} modifier).
   *

   * Example:
   *
 // these assertions succeed:
   * assertThat(String.class).isFinal();
   * assertThat(Math.class).isFinal();
   *
   * // these assertions fail:
   * assertThat(Object.class).isFinal();
   * assertThat(Throwable.class).isFinal();

   *
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} is not final.
   */
  public SELF isFinal() {
    classes.assertIsFinal(info, actual);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} is not final (does not have {@code final} modifier).
   *

   * Example:
   *
 // these assertions succeed:
   * assertThat(Object.class).isNotFinal();
   * assertThat(Throwable.class).isNotFinal();
   *
   * // these assertions fail:
   * assertThat(String.class).isNotFinal();
   * assertThat(Math.class).isNotFinal();

   *
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} is final.
   */
  public SELF isNotFinal() {
    classes.assertIsNotFinal(info, actual);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} is public (has {@code public} modifier).
   *

   * Example:
   *
 protected class MyClass { }
   *
   * // these assertions succeed:
   * assertThat(String.class).isPublic();
   * assertThat(Math.class).isPublic();
   *
   * // This assertion fails:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).isPublic();

   *
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} is not public.
   *
   * @since 2.7.0 / 3.7.0
   */
  public SELF isPublic() {
    classes.assertIsPublic(info, actual);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} is protected (has {@code protected} modifier).
   *

   * Example:
   *
 public class MyClass { }
   *
   * // this assertion succeeds:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).isProtected();
   *
   * // these assertions fail:
   * assertThat(String.class).isProtected();
   * assertThat(Math.class).isProtected();

   *
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} is not protected.
   *
   * @since 2.7.0 / 3.7.0
   */
  public SELF isProtected() {
    classes.assertIsProtected(info, actual);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} is package-private (has no modifier).
   *

   * Example:
   *
 class MyClass { }
   *
   * // this assertion succeeds:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).isPackagePrivate();
   *
   * // these assertions fail:
   * assertThat(String.class).isPackagePrivate();
   * assertThat(Math.class).isPackagePrivate();

   *
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} is not package-private.
   *
   * @since 3.15.0
   */
  public SELF isPackagePrivate() {
    classes.assertIsPackagePrivate(info, actual);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} is static (has {@code static} modifier).
   *

   * Example:
   *
 class OuterClass {
   *    static class StaticNestedClass { }
   * }
   * // this assertion succeeds:
   * assertThat(OuterClass.StaticNestedClass.class).isStatic();
   *
   * // these assertions fail:
   * assertThat(Object.class).isStatic();
   * assertThat(Throwable.class).isStatic();

   *
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} is not static.
   * @since 3.23.0
   */
  public SELF isStatic() {
    classes.assertIsStatic(info, actual);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} is not static (does not have {@code static} modifier).
   *

   * Example:
   *
 // these assertions succeed:
   * assertThat(Object.class).isNotStatic();
   * assertThat(Throwable.class).isNotStatic();
   *
   * class OuterClass {
   *    static class StaticNestedClass { }
   * }
   * // this assertion fails:
   * assertThat(OuterClass.StaticNestedClass.class).isNotStatic();

   *
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} is static.
   * @since 3.23.0
   */
  public SELF isNotStatic() {
    classes.assertIsNotStatic(info, actual);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} has the given {@code Annotation}s.
   *

   * Example:
   *
 @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
   * @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
   * private static @interface Force { }
   *
   * @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
   * @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
   * private static @interface Hero { }
   *
   * @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
   * @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
   * private static @interface DarkSide { }
   *
   * @Hero @Force
   * class Jedi implements Jedi {}
   *
   * // this assertion succeeds:
   * assertThat(Jedi.class).containsAnnotations(Force.class, Hero.class);
   *
   * // this assertion fails:
   * assertThat(Jedi.class).containsAnnotations(Force.class, DarkSide.class);

   *
   * @param annotations annotations who must be attached to the class
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} doesn't contains all of these annotations.
   */
  @SafeVarargs
  public final SELF hasAnnotations(Class<? extends Annotation>... annotations) {
    return hasAnnotationsForProxy(annotations);
  }

  // This method is protected in order to be proxied for SoftAssertions / Assumptions.
  // The public method for it (the one not ending with "ForProxy") is marked as final and annotated with @SafeVarargs
  // in order to avoid compiler warning in user code
  protected SELF hasAnnotationsForProxy(Class<? extends Annotation>[] annotations) {
    classes.assertContainsAnnotations(info, actual, annotations);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} has the given {@code Annotation}.
   *

   * Example:
   *
 @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
   * @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
   * private static @interface Force { }
   * @Force
   * class Jedi implements Jedi {}
   *
   * // this assertion succeeds:
   * assertThat(Jedi.class).containsAnnotation(Force.class);
   *
   * // this assertion fails:
   * assertThat(Jedi.class).containsAnnotation(DarkSide.class);

   *
   * @param annotation annotations who must be attached to the class
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} doesn't contains all of these annotations.
   */
  public SELF hasAnnotation(Class<? extends Annotation> annotation) {
    classes.assertContainsAnnotations(info, actual, array(annotation));
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} has the given class as direct superclass (as in {@link Class#getSuperclass()}).
   *

   * The {@code superclass} should always be not {@code null}, use {@link #hasNoSuperclass()} to verify the absence of
   * the superclass.
   *

   * Example:
   *
 // this assertion succeeds:
   * assertThat(Integer.class).hasSuperclass(Number.class);
   *
   * // this assertion succeeds as superclass for array classes is Object:
   * assertThat(Integer[].class).hasSuperclass(Object.class);
   *
   * // this assertion fails:
   * assertThat(String.class).hasSuperclass(Number.class);
   *
   * // this assertion fails as only direct superclass matches:
   * assertThat(String.class).hasSuperclass(Object.class);
   *
   * // this assertion fails as interfaces are not superclasses:
   * assertThat(String.class).hasSuperclass(Comparable.class);

   *
   * @param superclass the class which must be the direct superclass of actual.
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws NullPointerException if {@code superclass} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} doesn't have the given class as direct superclass.
   * @since 3.15.0
   * @see #hasNoSuperclass()
   */
  public SELF hasSuperclass(Class<?> superclass) {
    classes.assertHasSuperclass(info, actual, superclass);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} has no superclass (as in {@link Class#getSuperclass()}, when {@code null}
   * is returned).
   *

   * Example:
   *
 // this assertion succeeds as Object has no superclass:
   * assertThat(Object.class).hasNoSuperclass();
   *
   * // this assertion succeeds as interfaces have no superclass:
   * assertThat(Cloneable.class).hasNoSuperclass();
   *
   * // this assertion succeeds as primitive types have no superclass:
   * assertThat(Integer.TYPE).hasNoSuperclass();
   *
   * // this assertion succeeds as void type has no superclass:
   * assertThat(Void.TYPE).hasNoSuperclass();
   *
   * // this assertion fails as Integer has Number as superclass:
   * assertThat(Integer.class).hasNoSuperclass();

   *
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} has a superclass.
   * @since 3.15.0
   * @see #hasSuperclass(Class)
   */
  public SELF hasNoSuperclass() {
    classes.assertHasNoSuperclass(info, actual);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * @deprecated use {@link #hasPublicFields(String...)} instead.
   * @param fields the fields who must be in the class.
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   */
  @Deprecated
  public SELF hasFields(String... fields) {
    return hasPublicFields(fields);
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} has the given accessible public fields (as in {@link Class#getFields()}).
   *

   * Example:
   *
 class MyClass {
   *     public String fieldOne;
   *     protected String fieldTwo;
   *     String fieldThree;
   *     private String fieldFour;
   * }
   *
   * // this assertion succeeds:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasPublicFields("fieldOne");
   *
   * // these assertions fail:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasPublicFields("fieldTwo");
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasPublicFields("fieldThree");
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasPublicFields("fieldFour");
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasPublicFields("unknownField");

   *

   * The assertion succeeds if no given fields are passed and the actual {@code Class} has no accessible public fields.
   *
   * @see Class#getField(String)
   * @param fields the fields who must be in the class.
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} doesn't contain all of the fields.
   */
  public SELF hasPublicFields(String... fields) {
    classes.assertHasPublicFields(info, actual, fields);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} only has the given accessible public
   * fields (as in {@link Class#getFields()}) and nothing more in any order.
   *

   * Example:
   *
 class MyClass {
   *     public String fieldOne;
   *     public String fieldTwo;
   *     private String fieldThree;
   * }
   *
   * // these assertions succeed:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasOnlyPublicFields("fieldOne", "fieldTwo");
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasOnlyPublicFields("fieldTwo", "fieldOne");
   *
   * // this assertion fails:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasOnlyPublicFields("fieldOne");

   *

   * The assertion succeeds if no given fields are passed and the actual {@code Class} has no accessible public fields.
   *
   * @see Class#getField(String)
   * @param fields all the fields that are expected to be in the class.
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if fields are not all the actual {@code Class}'s accessible public fields.
   *
   * @since 2.7.0 / 3.7.0
   */
  public SELF hasOnlyPublicFields(String... fields) {
    classes.assertHasOnlyPublicFields(info, actual, fields);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} has the given declared fields (as in {@link Class#getDeclaredFields()}).
   *

   * Example:
   *
 class MyClass {
   *     public String fieldOne;
   *     private String fieldTwo;
   * }
   *
   * // this assertion succeeds:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasDeclaredFields("fieldOne", "fieldTwo");
   *
   * // this assertion fails:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasDeclaredFields("fieldThree");

   *

   * The assertion succeeds if no given fields are passed and the actual {@code Class} has no declared fields.
   *
   * @see Class#getDeclaredField(String)
   * @param fields the fields who must be declared in the class.
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} doesn't contains all of the field.
   */
  public SELF hasDeclaredFields(String... fields) {
    classes.assertHasDeclaredFields(info, actual, fields);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} only has the given declared {@code fields} and nothing more in any order
   * (as in {@link Class#getDeclaredFields()}).
   *

   * Example:
   *
 class MyClass {
   *     public String fieldOne;
   *     public String fieldTwo;
   *     private String fieldThree;
   *     private String fieldFour;
   * }
   *
   * // this assertion succeeds:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasOnlyDeclaredFields("fieldOne", "fieldTwo", "fieldThree", "fieldFour");
   *
   * // this assertion fails:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasOnlyDeclaredFields("fieldOne", "fieldThree");

   *

   * The assertion succeeds if no given fields are passed and the actual {@code Class} has no declared fields.
   *
   * @see Class#getField(String)
   * @param fields all the fields that are expected to be in the class.
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if fields are not all the declared fields of the actual {@code Class}.
   *
   * @since 2.7.0 / 3.7.0
   */
  public SELF hasOnlyDeclaredFields(String... fields) {
    classes.assertHasOnlyDeclaredFields(info, actual, fields);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} has the given methods (including inherited) whatever their visibility are.
   *

   * Example:
   *
 class MySuperClass {
   *     public void superMethod() {}
   *     private void privateSuperMethod() {}
   * }
   *
   * class MyClass extends MySuperClass {
   *     public void methodOne() {}
   *     private void methodTwo() {}
   * }
   *
   * // this assertion succeeds:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasMethods("methodOne", "methodTwo", "superMethod", "privateSuperMethod");
   *
   * // this assertion fails:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasMethods("methodThree");

   *
   * @param methodNames the method names which must be in the class.
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} doesn't contains all of the method names.
   *
   * @since 2.7.0 / 3.7.0
   */
  public SELF hasMethods(String... methodNames) {
    classes.assertHasMethods(info, actual, methodNames);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} has the given declared methods.
   *

   * Example:
   *
 class MySuperClass {
   *     public void superMethod() {}
   * }
   *
   * class MyClass extends MySuperClass {
   *     public void methodOne() {}
   *     private void methodTwo() {}
   * }
   *
   * // This assertion succeeds:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasDeclaredMethods("methodOne", "methodTwo");
   *
   * // these assertions fail:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasDeclaredMethods("superMethod");
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasDeclaredMethods("methodThree");

   *

   * The assertion succeeds if no given methods are passed and the actual {@code Class} has no declared methods.
   *
   * @param methodNames the method names which must be declared in the class.
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} doesn't contains all of the given methods.
   *
   * @since 2.7.0 / 3.7.0
   */
  public SELF hasDeclaredMethods(String... methodNames) {
    classes.assertHasDeclaredMethods(info, actual, methodNames);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} has the given public methods.
   *

   * Example:
   *
 class MyClass {
   *     public void methodOne() {}
   *     public void methodTwo() {}
   *     protected void methodThree() {}
   * }
   *
   * // these assertions succeed:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasPublicMethods("methodOne");
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasPublicMethods("methodOne", "methodTwo");
   *
   * // these assertions fail:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasPublicMethods("methodOne", "methodThree");
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasPublicMethods("methodThree");

   *
   * @param methodNames the public method names which must be in the class.
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} doesn't contains all of the given public methods.
   *
   * @since 2.7.0 / 3.7.0
   */
  public SELF hasPublicMethods(String... methodNames) {
    classes.assertHasPublicMethods(info, actual, methodNames);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} has the given package name (as in {@link Class#getPackage()}).
   *
   *

   * Example:
   *
 package one.two;
   *
   * class MyClass {}
   *
   * // this assertions succeeds:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasPackage("one.two");
   *
   * // these assertions fail:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasPackage("one");
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasPackage("");
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasPackage("java.lang");

   *
   * @param packageName the package name the class should have
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} does not have the given package.
   *
   * @since 3.18.0
   */
  public SELF hasPackage(String packageName) {
    classes.assertHasPackage(info, actual, packageName);
    return myself;
  }

  /**
   * Verifies that the actual {@code Class} has the given package (as in {@link Class#getPackage()}).
   *
   *

   * Example:
   *
 package one.two;
   *
   * class MyClass {}
   **
   * // these assertions succeed:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasPackage(Package.getPackage("one.two"));
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasPackage(MyClass.class.getPackage());
   *
   * // these assertions fail:
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasPackage(Package.getPackage("one"));
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasPackage(Package.getPackage(""));
   * assertThat(MyClass.class).hasPackage(Object.class.getPackage());

   *
   * @param aPackage the package the class should have
   * @return {@code this} assertions object
   * @throws AssertionError if {@code actual} is {@code null}.
   * @throws AssertionError if the actual {@code Class} does not have the given package.
   *
   * @since 3.18.0
   */
  public SELF hasPackage(Package aPackage) {
    classes.assertHasPackage(info, actual, aPackage);
    return myself;
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Whether you have a layover, overnight sleepover or you are just quickly passing through, our Wellington Airport Guide is a great place to start planning your visit. Here, you'll find information on services and facilities available inside the airport – including details about airport lounges, WiFi, mobile charging points, lockers, 24-hour food options, nearby hotels, and everything in between.
To help you plan your layover or overnight sleepover, we are here to give you the low-down on what travellers have reported back to us during their time at Wellington Airport.
Wellington Airport is a small, single-terminal airport with three piers (South, South-West and North-West). Domestic flights depart from the South and Southwest Piers, and both domestic and international flights depart from the North-West Pier. In this pier, there are 9 gates (21 – 29 or 41 – 49) that are re-numbered depending on whether the departing flight is domestic or international. Travellers can look forward to free WiFi and a good range in restaurants, with Subway being the only place open during airport hours (approx. 3:30AM – 1:30AM). There are also free showers available to all travellers landside! For added comfort, economy class passengers can access one of two airline lounges with an airline membership.
Wellington Airport is officially closed from 1:30AM to 3:30AM, and, according to airport staff, everyone is asked the leave unless they have airline problems, such as a major flight disruption. That said, some reviewers have said that they spent the night without interruption, so there is perhaps some wiggle room here. If you're just looking for a nap during airport hours, there are a few good options, including the couches near the Cook Strait Bar, or under the statue of Gollum. Earplugs or noise cancelling headphones and a sleep mask go a long way here, as it can be quite noisy and bright. Explore our guide to sleeping in Wellington Airport or read some traveller reviews for more tips. If you're looking for uninterrupted sleep – or, if you get evicted around 1:30AM – there are nearby hotels connected by shuttles. See Airport Hotels in the airport guide for locations and shuttle information.
Regardless of what class of service you are flying, there are lounges that you can enter by paying at the door and through a lounge membership program (ie. Koru Club or Qantas Club). Visit the individual lounge page for more details about the lounge itself and to also find out how you can gain lounge access with just an economy class ticket!
To see more options there is a list of hotels near Wellington Airport on Tripadvisor that can be sorted by price, distance, traveller rating and popularity.
Free WiFi is available at Wellington Airport. Connect to the " WLG Airport Free WiFi " network.
Airport Ambassadors – They can be found in the busiest parts of the airport between 12:00PM and 4:00PM every day to offer traveller assistance.
ATMs / Cash Machines – Need cash? ATMs are available. Machines are operated by ANZ, BNZ and Westpac. Fees may apply, so be sure to check your bank's fee schedule and your daily withdrawal limit if you are travelling internationally. You may also want to notify your bank of your travel plans. Locations: Airside and Landside.
Baby Care Facilities – Parents Room: located on level 1 next to the Silvermoon retail store. In addition, baby change tables are available in the international arrivals and departures areas.
Currency Exchange – Travelex Money Exchange has kiosks available. Location: Domestic, Landside, Level 1. Hours: 4:00AM – 7:30PM • International, Arrivals. Hours: Open to all international flights • International, Departures. Hours: Open to all international flights.
Duty Free & Shopping – JR Duty Free is available in the International Departures and is open for all incoming and outgoing international flights. Relay convenience store opens at 4:00AM and closes at 8:00PM (except Saturdays when it closes at 7:00PM).
Food & Drinks – There is a good variety of restaurants available both Landside and Airside, although none are open 24 hours. Subway is open from 3:00AM – 1:00AM. If you don't mind a short walk (5 minutes) outside the airport, there is a gas station with a Burger King which is open 24 hours and offers free WiFi (submitted by a reader 2019).
Information Desk – If you require assistance and do not see an Airport Ambassador, there are two airport customer assistance phones are located by the escalators in the baggage claim area (level 0) and on level 1 just past the check in area.
Luggage Storage & Lockers – Location: Baggage Claim, Level 0. Rates: ranging from $5 (1 small bag up to 12 hours) to $20 (1 large bag up to 24 hours). Rates are also available for keys/technology items and oversized baggage. You will need to use a courtesy phone (found on Level 0 or 1) to make arrangements for storage. Hours: 5:30AM – 1:00AM.
Postal Services – Drop off your last minute postcards at the airport's mailbox. Location: Landside, Level 1, near the front doors in the check-in area. You can purchase stamps and postcards at the Relay Store.
Showers – Free showers are available Landside, Level 1, near the Duty Free and Trenery.
Officially the airport is closed from 1:30AM – 3:30AM daily.
As of March 2018, Wellington airport is served by the following airlines: Air New Zealand • Jetstar • Sounds Air • Air Chathams • Golden Bay Air • Fiji Airways • Qantas • Singapore Airlines • Virgin Australia.
Avis, Budget, Enterprise, Europcar, EZ Car, Hertz and Thrifty offer car rental services onsite at Wellington Airport. Location: Level 0 of the main terminal.
A variety of taxis and shared-ride shuttles are available during airport hours of operation outside of the baggage claim area on Level 0 of the main terminal. At the time of this January 2018 update, the average fare to downtown is approximately AUD $30 – $40 one way.


Ocean Rower and Sustainability Advocate Roz Savage is the only woman to have rowed solo across all the major oceans. Her mission is to use her ocean voyages to shine light on ecological challenges such as plastics pollution in the North Pacific Garbage Patch and the impact of climate change on small island states such as Kiribati. A former London-based management consultant, she is now a prominent advocate for global sustainability issues and has worked with organizations like 350.org on international climate change campaigns.
Tickets $15/person or $25/couple includes admission, cocktails, and hors d'oeuvres. RSVP to Jim Gonzales '83 at james.gonzales@lpl.com or at (949) 975-8145.


10:00 a.m. and prices begin >>> it's winter sports time. see what they do for fun next jardiance is the only type 2 diabetes pill proven to both significantly reduce the chance of dying from a cardiovascular event in adults who have type 2 diabetes and heart disease... ...and lower your a1c. wow. jardiance can cause serious side effects including dehydration. this may cause you to feel dizzy, faint, or lightheaded, or weak upon standing. ketoacidosis is a serious side effect that may be fatal. symptoms include nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, tiredness, and trouble breathing. stop taking jardiance and call your doctor right away if you have symptoms of ketoacidosis or an allergic reaction. symptoms of an allergic reaction include rash, swelling, and difficulty breathing or swallowing. do not take jardiance if you are on dialysis or have severe kidney problems. other side effects are sudden kidney problems, genital yeast infections, increased bad cholesterol, and urinary tract infections, which may be serious. taking jardiance with a sulfonylurea or insulin may cause low blood sugar.


Or view larger version. Cesar Chavez, left, and Alameda County Supervisor John George stand in front of a United Farm Workers banner advocating a grape boycott. They are in front of a Safeway store in Oakland, California. July 22, 1985. Lonnie Wilson, photographer. Gelatin silver print. Collection of Oakland Museum of California. The Oakland Tribune Collection. Gift of ANG Newspapers.
In this photograph, United Farm Workers leader Cesar Chavez and Alameda County Supervisor John George are seen in front of a UFW banner urging consumers to boycott grapes.


Its been a while since i posted any "what I'm listening to" type schtuff. Well right now I'm listening to some very old favourites wot I dug up. Specifically Daisy Chainsaw's seminal hit "Love your money" which is totally great. And Chumbawamba's pre-tumpthumping "I never gave up" which is also a corker from my angry young man days.


text:
UNIVERSAL MUSIC PUBLISHING GROUP SIGNS ROBBIE WILLIAMS TO GLOBAL ADMINISTRATION DEAL
LONDON, November 4, 2019 – Universal Music Publishing Group (UMPG), a leading global publishing company, today announced the signing of a global administration deal with Robbie Williams' publishing company, Farrell Music. The agreement includes Robbie Williams' existing catalogue and future works.
British superstar singer/songwriter Robbie Williams is one of the UK's most prominent entertainers and one of the best-selling artists of all time. He first found massive fame with Take That from 1989 to 1995 and later became a hugely successful solo artist.
With Take That, Williams and his bandmates released three multi-platinum hit albums and toured the world to much acclaim. Among their biggest songs include 'Back For Good', 'Patience', 'Never Forget' and 'Pray'.
Setting the stage with his 1997 solo debut 'Life Thru a Lens', Williams scored the first of many hit singles with the anthemic 'Angels,' an enduring UK classic that became his breakthrough worldwide hit.
His second album 'I've Been Expecting You' was a career peak, certified ten-times platinum and breaking into new markets with the timely 'Millennium.' With each successive album, Williams released numerous other number one singles including 'Rock DJ,' 'Somethin' Stupid,' and 'Candy.'
In 2013, Robbie released 'Swings Both Ways' which went two-times platinum in the UK, followed by his eleventh album 'The Heavy Entertainment Show'. The latter debuted at Number 1 in 2016, making him the most successful British solo act in Official Albums Chart history, with over 70 million records sold worldwide.
Before the end of 2019 Williams is to release his thirteenth studio album and first Christmas record; a double album of festive covers and original songs. The announcement arrives after news that Robbie will sing the theme song for Channel 4's Christmas TV adaptation of classic children's book 'The Tiger Came To Tea'.
On making the announcement, UMPG UK MD Mike McCormack said: "It's such a pleasure to be reunited with Robbie and his management team at ie: music after so many years. I first signed Robbie as a young, fresh faced member of Take That back in the early 90s when I was at Virgin Music and even then, he was a huge personality and a pleasure to work with. He's gone on to become a global superstar and an incredible songwriter – so it's a privilege to represent all these great songs and the new material he will be writing in the future."
Williams has won a staggering 18 Brit Awards (including those won with Take That), more than any other artist in music history, five Ivor Novello Awards, including Songwriter of the Year in 1999 as well as two VMA awards and two NME awards. He was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2004, among many other accolades.
In the summer of 2018, Williams performed at the FIFA World Cup opening ceremony, issuing 'Under the Radar, Vol. 2' (part of his non-album compilation series) a month later. He also joined the judges' panel for the 15th season of the UK X Factor. A third addition to the 'Under the Radar' series arrived in 2019.
Williams has toured worldwide performing to thousands of fans. This year, he played spectacular shows at his first ever Las Vegas residency.
About Universal Music Publishing
Universal Music Publishing Group is one of the world's leading music publishing companies, representing songs in every genre from some of music's most important songwriters and catalogues. These include Adele, Bastille, Beach Boys, Beastie Boys, Bernie Taupin, Billy Joel, The Clash, Coldplay, The Cure, Diane Warren, Elton John, Elvis Costello, Disclosure, Florence + the Machine, Haim, Imagine Dragons, Irving Berlin, Jimi Hendrix, Johnny Marr, Joy Division, Mumford & Sons, New Order, Otis Redding, Paul Simon, Paul Weller, Sex Pistols, The xx and more.
For more information, please visit www.umusicpub.com/uk
Date:	November 4, 2019

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Lowest new arrivals in 2018 so far, following steady decline since January.
First round of 'find-and-treat' nutrition campaign starts in South Kordofan.
Expansion of livelihoods programming for refugees and host communities in White Nile.
OCTOBER SEES LOWEST NEW ARRIVALS IN 2018 SO FAR – January saw the highest number of new arrivals in 2018 with nearly 5,800 individuals, and arrivals have been in steady decline since, with just 721 arrivals in October, including zero new arrivals reported in East Darfur. Improvements in the security situation and assistance access in South Sudan have been observed following the signing of a renewed peace agreement in September. Inter-agency partners agreed in July to revise new arrival estimates for 2018 to 50,000 by year-end, from an original estimate of 200,000, following the notably slower rate of new arrivals in the first half of the year.
LARGE INTERNAL REFUGEE MOVEMENTS OBSERVED WITH START OF HARVEST SEASON – In White Nile State, the Government of Sudan's Commission for Refugees (COR) estimates that at least 50,000 refugees are working on farms outside of the camps. Refugee schools in camps are temporarily closed, and will reopen in November, when families are anticipated to return to camps. Education partners and the State Ministry of Education agreed in September to adjust the school calendar to address low attendance rates anticipated during the harvest season. In East Darfur, a 10 per cent reduction in attendance to therapeutic and supplementary feeding nutrition programmes in camps has been observed. Where possible, programming is being adapted so beneficiaries can still receive sufficient nutrition support.


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The actual picture umbrella is among the greatest, most unusual presents you can provide any kind of time event. The truth that these people include, within spectacular fine detail as well as brilliant colour, an individual pictures or even some other portion of artistic function, the actual umbrella therefore unique as well as unforgettable. They may be produced along with totally 100 % cotton that makes all of them smooth as well as huggable and can obtain a large amount of utilize. It really is verified that they can have to be washed occasionally.
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Getting cozy in the sack is important all year long, and also despite the fact that one set of mattress and also fabrics could be well suited for a certain time of the year; it will not work so well great. The alterations inside heat and also problems imply there exists ordinarily a must swap out your motel mattress and also bedsheets times in the 12 months.
The particular cover will come in a selection of diverse togs. The bottom the particular tog, the particular fewer efficiency the particular cover offers. But this may not be actually a negative factor. Reduced tog pennes tend to be well suited for more comfortable summer season climate, next time this is just what youre following a several tog cover will probably be excellent. Whilst any tough luck. a few tog is great for cold months, trying to keep an individual comfortable and also hot.
Therefore , using a variant regarding pennes may be essential for the particular interchanging periods.
The particular stuffing the particular cover is constructed of furthermore concerns and also normal supplies like feather and also lower pennes may cost more, nevertheless they carry out supply far better air circulation. Because of this despite having a top tog, any cover using a normal stuffing could be pretty cozy, in summer.
The particular pillow wedge furthermore concerns and plenty of the identical things to consider that are done for that cover also needs to come in regarding the particular bedroom pillows. Bedroom pillows as an example must supply air circulation regarding comfortableness the particular supplies picked make a difference. Once again, feather and also lower will be more cozy as compared to manmade supplies, even though we have a big difference inside the selling price.
Of course , fabrics should be regarded as and though there is not any tog benefit connected with fabrics, the volume of bedding around the your bed, as well as the range of bedspreads (or simply no bedspreads) are typical things to consider you should be aware about.
Shades also needs to be regarded as finding bedsheets to your resort rooms, and several shades fit times in the 12 months greater than other folks. For instance , abundant super berry shades regarding could be a lot more fitted to chillier periods, whilst brighter shades are great for early spring and also summer season, putting together a a lot more wide open sprawling sense in the room : anything guests may possibly enjoy.
Bedsheets substance may vary also as well as the greatest bedding utilize a large twine depend natural cotton. This is certainly called the particular GSM as well as the increased this is certainly, the particular much softer the items. As an example, Egyptian cotton costs more than other reduce GSM cottons, because it includes a increased twine depend and is also much softer. This may produce a perception regarding top quality, but then again it will are more expensive, and this can be another thought.
Picking bedsheets for those periods in the 12 months is very important and also with any luck , the aforementioned details will allow you to determine.
Pancreatic tumor is actually a kind of metastatic tumor from the particular pancreatic tissues. Inside 95% in the situations regarding pancreatic tumor, adenocarcinoma varieties in the exocrine part of the particular pancreas, inside fraction, neuroendocrine tumours come up from your islet cellular material. In america, pancreatic tumor will be the next most frequent reason behind tumor relevant demise, in addition to the planet, the particular 8thmost frequent result in. Enough time regarding metastasis in the tumor is different from one person to another. Some men thirty very likely to acquire pancreatic tumor as compared to their particular feminine table elements.
Soreness inside the higher belly that will advances to the backside.
Heartburn symptoms, not enough urge for food, feeling sick, nausea or vomiting, recurring or perhaps ongoing diarrhoea.
Pulmonary embolisms and also increased degrees of blood sugar levels may be noticed in several individuals.
The actual cause for pancreatic tumor hasn't but recently been identified; but there are several items which can be considered to raise the threat aspect in this severe condition. Typically tobacco use and also utilization of extreme liquor are usually associated with the illness; tobacco use includes a threat percentage of 1. 74 with regard to pancreatic tumor, whilst virtually all correctly located simply no primary connection in between alcohol consumption and also pancreatic tumor. Diabetes mellitus, long-term pancreatitis, Gingivitis and also Weight problems, will be the additional conditions thought to raise the probability of having pancreatic tumor.
The particular exocrine pancreas tumor, which usually is liable for 95% in the situations, can usually be treated by means of surgical procedure, the radiation or perhaps the chemotherapy according to the period regarding tumor as well as other health-related elements. Simply localised tumor fits surgical procedure, as well as the form of the particular surgical procedure will depend significantly around the location of the tumour. The particular Whipple treatment is usually useful for cancer positioned towards the top area of the pancreas, whilst distal pancreatectomy is completed for that tumor on the bottom portion. Radiation therapy can be utilized in numerous situations; palliative the chemotherapy can be successful to further improve the standard of existence. You may get additional information in pancreatic tumor information about web sites regarding pancreatic tumor proper care facilities.
If you need more comprehensive explanation about cancer you can go to Lung Cancer.
These days, numerous non-Muslims respect Islamic like a faith which encourages physical violence, terrorism as well as battle. Regrettably, these people depend within their see associated with Islamic within the common press, that is not usually precise within revealing this news. Numerous press shops, for example TELEVISION, radio stations, papers as well as mags, tend to be affected through their own traders or even proprietors that have specific daily activities as well as who would like to market specific beliefs as well as parts of see. Some other press shops are merely following the "big story", to make additional money and much more earnings. Other medication is just "followers", who else just collect information from all other resources, re-package this trying to that once again solely like a company.
In most these types of instances, this news revealing is not really precise, however is actually powered through futuro reasons or just through earnings. Just not many press businesses tend to be devoted to offering precise as well as correct info, no matter profit. For that reason consumers ought to be cautious about what these people get through the press.
Prior to blindly taking the particular TELEVISION, radio stations or even newspapers is actually revealing, you need to believe significantly as to what has been documented. Is becoming documented precisely, or even could it be becoming overstated and even totally created? That are these folks revealing this news, is to do they have got vested passions in order to statement the storyplot within a specific method, and/or these people totally goal as well as reasonable? Crucial considering is essential in all respects associated with living, particularly when thinking about taking the actual press reviews regarding essential as well as questionable problems.
Islamic is actually a faith which encourages peacefulness as well as knowing when it comes to of most faiths, also it highly forbids almost all types of physical violence as well as hostility towards everybody no matter their own belief or even competition.
Islamic obviously forbids all types as well as types of hostility as well as physical violence towards anybody, other than within self-defense. Islamic is really a useful faith, intended as applied in most element of our own living. For that reason this knows the truth that an individual who does hostility as well as physical violence towards other people will never stop these types of activities unless of course they may be deterred through comparable activities used towards all of them.
Islamic additionally locations high significance upon proper rights, as well as enables aggressors as well as unjust individuals become reprimanded appropriately, unless of course these people repent prior to they may be taken to proper rights. Simultaneously, Islamic stimulates individuals to reduce anyone who has wronged all of them whenever feasible.
"Fight within the reason for Thor people who battle a person, and don't transgress; with regard to Thor loveth not really transgressors. inch (Surah two, Passage 190).
"But when they stop (fighting you), Thor is actually Oft-Forgiving, The majority of Merciful. inch (Surah two, Passage 192).
"But when the foe slope in the direction of peacefulness, perform thou (also) slope in the direction of peacefulness, as well as rely upon Thor: with regard to Dr. murphy is the One which Heareth as well as Knoweth (all things). inch (Surah eight, Passage 61).
"The forbidden 30 days, for your forbidden 30 days, and thus for many points forbidden, you have the legislation associated with equal rights. In case after that anyone transgresses the actual prohibition towards a person, transgress en similarly towards your pet. However worry Thor, as well as realize that Thor is by using people who inhibit on their own. inch (Surah two, Passage 194).
inch... and enable not really the actual hate associated with many people within (once) turning a person from the Holy Mosque make you criminal offense (and hatred on the part). Assist en each other within righteousness as well as piety, however assist en not just one an additional within desprovisto as well as rancour: worry Thor: with regard to Thor is actually stringent within penalties. inch (Surah five, Passage 2).
Graphics may perhaps be understood to be the training of nature vitality, animations modeling, lighting style and various procedure and so forth to supply animated products diverse movies. These include these days included in assortment of needs from instruction that will flick or simply out of output that will gamingprocesses providing users by using top-of-the-line vision satisfactionwith genuine pics.
This views will be amongst themost in depth curriculumsinanimation field which in turn by way of benefiting experience plus conveniences, provides modern system based mostly productivity to placate purchasers. A visible consequence is usually a cash with wondering plus conceptualising towards specific visualize. A person have to be qualified to fully grasp plus make either craft plus systems to set-up helpful graphics. Modern software package plus systems detailed will help you in order to plus cultivate his particular inspired skills. Out of pattern plus visual images towards acknowledgement of your imaginative and prescient vision, graphics essential in the modern flick building plus gambling field. Every flick and most of your gambling field these days necessitates graphics pertaining to service. Craft plus systems merged with number of field practical knowledge including a eagerness pertaining to building graphics may perhaps catch the attention of a strong specialit to push additionally in such a niche.
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Work side by side with the securities lending desk in conducting transactions and managing risk. In this entrepreneurial role, we build and maintain real-time and scalable trading, pricing, risk, inventory management and funding platforms.
Together with risk managers are responsible for developing and maintaining stress tests across asset classes and modelling of margin methodology and calculation of margin requirements. These state-of-the art models allow us to offer a wide range of financing solutions and risk-management models to help clients operate reliable in a variety of market conditions.
In charge of generating external and internal client performance metrics across various dimensions of the Prime Brokerage Business. These metrics are heavily relied on by senior management and drive many discussions between clients, sales, and strats to identify the best ways we can serve our clients needs. While organized in different teams and locations, we pride ourselves in our teamwork across the globe and teams to find solutions that help our business thrive around the world. Our team members have a wide variety of technical, software engineering, quantitative, academic and cultural backgrounds. This diversity helps us to find innovative solutions for our complex business problems.
If you are looking for a high impact position allowing you to fully leverage your strong technical, quantitative and communication skills, then our Prime Services Dev Strat team is the ideal opportunity for you. This will be a fantastic learning opportunity to work on cutting edge technologies applied at scale, work closely with business and operations, innovate and make a real impact the bottom line. We are looking for self-motivated people, driven to learn new technologies and the business it supports, who voice their opinions, and drive the team forward through innovation and new ideas.
Computer Science or Physics background, Mathematics, Engineering.
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Yesterday I had the pleasure to put my ear to the first single Worth The Fight from the upcoming The Departed album Adventus, due in November. For those of you that somehow missed it or just don't know, The Departed is the new band from Cody Canada, former front of Cross Canadian Ragweed. This will be the first album of original songs from the guys. The first release from the band was last year's This is Indian Land, a tribute album of songs meant to honor his home state and the Oklahoma artists that define the state.
From the very beginning you feel it. Cody is back and his pairing with Seth James in The Departed is going to make people take notice. His passion and fire for music is alive and well, and it's about to kick your teeth in. He again has a group of guys around him that love the music and it shows. The single Worth The Fight shows you that these guys will be picking up the torch for the rocking Red Dirt sound that flickered a bit with the breakup of CCR.
On a side note, I want to thank The Departed for this song. For me it couldn't have come at a better time. I had been going through some pretty serious stuff both personally and as a writer. I had actually made the decision to quit writing. But one verse in this song really made me rethink some things.
Anything worth having is worth fighting for. If you are doing something for the right reasons, to hell with the people that put you down. Stay true to yourself, and your beliefs and you can not fail. The only true failure is in quitting. Thanks for the reminder guys.
I enjoy reading your blog. Glad you found some more inspiration.


text:
Q: pdfjam: Merging multiple pdfs into one page without white space which I want to get AB closer without space:
------       ------            ----------     ------------
|     |      |      |          |  ————  |    | ——    ——  |
|  A  |      |  B   |          |  |A|B| |    | |A|   |B| |
|     |      |      |          |  ————  |    |  ——   ——  |
|     |      |      |  --->    |        |NOT |           |
|     |      |      |          |        |    |           |
|     |      |      |          |        |    |           |
|     |      |      |          |        |    |           |
------       ------            ------      --------

which I use:
pdfjam figurea.pdf figureb.pdf --nup 2x1 --landscape --outfile figureout.pdf

A: Try specifying a negative value for delta:
pdfjam figurea.pdf figureb.pdf --delta '-10 0' --nup 2x1 --landscape --outfile figureout.pdf

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Disclosed is a wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network (WDM-PON) that enables the integration of broadcast and communication data, in which digital broadcasting and communication services are integrated and transmitted using WDM. An optical line terminal, connected to a broadcasting network and an Internet protocol network, receives a digital broadcast signal from the broadcasting network and a first communication signal from the IP network, and transmits them as a single (broadcast/communication) integrated optical signal after their photoelectric conversion, and further transfers a second communication signal from a service user to the IP network. An optical network terminal/optical network unit on the user side transfers the integrated optical signal from the optical line terminal to the user, and transfers channel-information data of a digital broadcast desired by the user and user data including the second communication signal from the user to the optical line terminal. A first WDM demultiplexer WDM-demultiplexes the single signal and transfers it to the optical network terminal/optical network unit. A first WDM multiplexer WDM-multiplexes the user data and transfers it to the optical line terminal.
FIG. 1 shows one prior-art example of a WDM-PON that integrates broadcast and communication services. As shown, the WDM-PON includes an Optical Line Terminal (OLT)  11, Optical Network Terminal/Optical Network Unit (ONT/ONUs) 12, an optical splitter 15, a photoelectric (or optical-to-electrical) converter (O/E) 16, a Radio Frequency (RF) splitter 17, a WDM demultiplexer 13, and a WDM multiplexer 14. The OLT 11 is connected to a broadcasting network for broadcasting services and an Internet Protocol (IP) network for communication services. The OLT 11 receives broadcast signals from the broadcasting network and communication signals from the IP network. The OLT 11 transmits the received signals as optical signals after their photoelectric conversion. In addition, the OLT 11 transfers communication signals, received from service subscribers, to the IP network. The ONT/ONUs 12 are devices on the user side for transferring the broadcast and communication signals, received from the OLT 11, to service users and transferring communication signals from the service users to the OLT 11. The optical splitter 15 splits the broadcast and communication signals from the OLT 11 into a broadcast signal λA and communication signals λ1 to λ32, and transmits them. The photoelectric converter 16 photoelectrically converts the broadcast signal λA split through the optical splitter 15. The RF splitter 17 distributes the converted electric broadcast signal to each of the ONT/ONUs 12. The WDM demultiplexer 13 WDM-demultiplexes the communication signals λ1 to λ32, and transfers them to the ONT/ONUs 12. The WDM multiplexer 14 WDM-multiplexes the communication signals λ1 to λ32 from the ONT/ONUs 12, and transfers them to the OLT 11. λ1 to λ32 are used as wavelength channels for communication, and λA is used as wavelength channels for broadcasting.
Operationally, a broadcast signal λ A in downstream transmission is optically split through the optical splitter 15 in the front end of the WDM demultiplexer 13. Then it is photoelectrically converted in the photoelectric converter (O/E) 16. After the converted signal is separated into broadcast signals corresponding respectively to service users through the RF splitter 17, they are transmitted to the respective service users through a coaxial cable.
After being demultiplexed in the wavelength demultiplexer  13 on a wavelength-by-wavelength basis, the communication signals λ1 to λ32 are transmitted to the respective service users.
In addition, in such a prior art system, the optically-split broadcast signal λ A is photoelectrically converted. Its analog and digital broadcast signals are transmitted through a cable network. Such a cable network is installed to provide the existing broadcasting services defined in bands up to around 550 MHz. However, it is impossible to accommodate analog/digital broadcasts using the existing cable network because the domestic digital cable broadcasting standard was established to have a band of around 850 MHz for analog and digital broadcast signals.
FIG. 2 shows another prior-art example of a WDM-PON that integrates broadcast and communication services. As show, the WDM-PON includes an OLT  21, ONT/ONUs 22, a WDM demultiplexer 23, and a WDM multiplexer 24. The OLT 21 is connected to a broadcasting network for broadcasting services and an IP network for communication services. The OLT 21 receives broadcast signals from the broadcasting network and communication signals from the IP network, and transmits the received signals as optical signals after their photoelectric conversion. The OLT 21 further transfers communication signals, received from service subscribers, to the IP network. The ONT/ONUs 22 are devices on the user side for transferring the broadcast and communication signals, received from the OLT 21, to service users, and transferring communication signals from the service users to the OLT 21. The WDM demultiplexer 23 WDM-demultiplexes both the communication signals λ1 to λ32 and the broadcast signals λ33 to λ64, and transfers them to the ONT/ONUs 22. The WDM multiplexer 24 WDM-multiplexes the communication signals λ1 to λ32 from the ONT/ONUs 22, and transfers them to the OLT 21.
a first WDM multiplexer/demultiplexer for 1) receiving and WDM-demultiplexing the single integrated optical signal from the optical line terminal, 2) transferring the integrated optical signal to the optical network terminal/optical network unit,  3) WDM-multiplexing the user data from the optical network terminal/optical network unit, and 4) transferring the user data to the optical line terminal.
FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a system that includes a plurality of parallel-connected WDM-PONs that enables the integration of communication and broadcast services according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a WDM-PON that enables the integration of broadcast and communication services, according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the WDM-PON includes an OLT  31, ONT/ONUs 32, a WDM demultiplexer 33, and a WDM multiplexer 34. The OLT 31 is connected to a digital broadcasting network for broadcasting services, which is also referred to as a "broadcasting network", and an IP network for communication services. The OLT 31 receives digital broadcast signals from the broadcasting network and communication signals from the IP network. The OLT 31 transmits the received broadcast and communication signals as a single optical signal after their photoelectric conversion. The OLT 31 transfers communication signals, received from service users, to the IP network. The ONT/ONUs 32 are devices on the user side for transferring the digital broadcast and communication signals, received from the OLT 31, to the service users, and transferring communication signals from the service users to the OLT 31. The WDM demultiplexer 33 WDM-demultiplexes the digital broadcast and communication signals λ1 to λ32, and transfers them to the ONT/ONUs 32. The WDM multiplexer 34 WDM-multiplexes the communication signals λ1 to λ32 from the ONT/ONUs 32, and transfers them to the OLT 31. It is noted, that for illustrative purposes, reference is made to 32 lines of subscribers (ONT/ONU), but it is to be noted that it is only an example and the present invention is not limited to 32 lines.
For analog broadcast transmission, the OLT  31 includes an optical amplifier 310 for amplifying an analog broadcast signal, and an optical coupler 320 for combining the analog broadcast signal with digital broadcast and communication signals. Accordingly, the WDM-PON further includes an optical splitter 35, a photoelectric converter 36, and a RF splitter 37. The optical splitter 35 splits the broadcast and communication signals from the OLT 31 into an analog broadcast signal λA and digital broadcast and communication signals λ1 to λ32, and transmits the split signals. The photoelectric converter 36 photoelectrically converts the analog broadcast signal λA into an electric analog broadcast signal. The RF splitter 37 distributes the electric analog broadcast signal to each of the ONT/ONUs 32.
In particular, the OLT  31 includes a broadcast switch 311, a broadcast channel controller 312, a first Ethernet switch 313, a communication/broadcast multiplexer 314, a second Ethernet switch 315, an optical transmitter 316, an optical receiver 317, a WDM multiplexer 318, and a WDM demultiplexer 319. The broadcast switch 311 switches MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group) broadcast data. The broadcast channel controller 312 selects a broadcast channel according to a service user's request. The first Ethernet switch 313 switches the communication data into the higher-level IP network or into the communication/broadcast multiplexer 314 for its transmission to the ONT/ONU 32. The communication/broadcast multiplexer 314 multiplexes the communication data and the digital broadcast data. The second Ethernet switch 315 switches communication data from the service user and channel information of digital broadcast desired by the service user. It also separates the communication data from the channel information. The optical transmitter 316 electro-optically converts the multiplexed communication/broadcast data. The optical receiver 317 photoelectrically converts the communication data from the service user from the ONT/ONU 32. The WDM multiplexer 318 multiplexes wavelength-by-wavelength signals that are optically modulated. The WDM demultiplexer 319 separates the optical signals, from the ONT/ONUs 32, from each other on a wavelength-by-wavelength basis. The OLT 31 may further include an optical amplifier 310 to amplify analog broadcast signals for analog broadcast transmission, and an optical coupler 320 to combine the analog broadcast signal with the communication and digital broadcast signals.
The ONT/ONU  32 includes an optical receiver 323, a communication/broadcast demultiplexer 321, a hub switch 322, and an optical transmitter 324. The optical receiver 323 photoelectrically converts communication/broadcast optical signals from the OLT 31. The communication/broadcast demultiplexer 321 separates the communication signal from the digital broadcast signal. The hub switch 322 joins together communication data from a service user and digital broadcast selection data for selecting a digital broadcast channel desired by the service user. The optical transmitter 324 performs an electro-optical conversion on the data for its transmission to the OLT 31.
The downstream transmission operation of the WDM-PON of FIG. 3 is further described below. The downstream transmission represents transmission from the OLT  31 to the ONT/ONU 32. MPEG digital broadcast data from an Service Operator (SO), etc., is inputted to the broadcast switch 311. Each service user assigns a TV channel that he or she wants to see. The broadcast channel selection controller 312 transfers a signal for assigning the TV channel to the broadcast switch 311 to select a digital broadcast channel wanted by each service user. Each service user may request a number of digital broadcast channels and up to K digital broadcast channels are switched. Thus, the maximum number of transmittable digital broadcast channels are set as a specification of the WDM-PON, because a number of broadcast receivers may be equipped in a single residence.
Communication data transmitted from the higher-level IP network is switched in the first Ethernet switch  313 on a user-by-user basis. The communication data, together with the digital broadcast signals, is then inputted to the communication/broadcast multiplexer 314. The communication/broadcast multiplexer 314 multiplexes the communication and broadcast data into a single channel using a multiplexing method, such as Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM).
FIG. 4 illustrates that the communication and broadcast services/data are multiplexed using the FDM. FIG. 5 illustrates that they are multiplexed using the TDM. In FIG. 4, the communication data  41 is positioned in the baseband, and K digital broadcast data 42 and 43 are positioned in the passband. In FIG. 5, the communication data and the K digital broadcast data exist on the time axis, as a time packet.
The communication and digital broadcast data from the communication/broadcast multiplexer  314 are electro-optically converted in the optical transmitters 316. The optical transmitters 316 have unique transmission wavelengths λ1 to λn, respectively.
After being multiplexed in the WDM multiplexer  318, the optically-modulated, the optical coupler 320 combines the communication/broadcast data, with an analog broadcast optical signal of λA amplified in the optical amplifier 310.
The combined wavelength-multiplexed optical signal is transmitted through an optical cable. The analog broadcast optical signal λ A is separated from the combined optical signal by an optical splitter 35 on the receiver side. The communication/broadcast-multiplexed optical signals of λ1 to λn are separated from each other by the WDM demultiplexer 33 according to their wavelength. They are also photoelectrically converted by the optical receiver 323 in each ONT/ONU 32.
The communication/broadcast demultiplexer  321 demultiplexes the photoelectric-converted communication/broadcast multiplexed signal into K digital broadcast channels and communication data. Then they are transferred to a terminal device of the service user, such as a digital TV and a computer.
After the analog broadcast optical signal split through the optical splitter  35 is photoelectrically converted, the converted electrical signal is split through the RF splitter 37 to be transferred to each service user.
The upstream transmission operation of the WDM-PON of FIG. 3 is further described below. The upstream transmission represents transmission from the ONT/ONU  32 to the OLT 31. Signals transmitted from each service user to the OLT 31 are composed mainly of IP communication data generated by a computer, etc., and a broadcast channel selection signal for viewing a desired broadcast channel. The hub switch 322 in the ONT/ONU 32 combines the IP communication data and broadcast channel selection signal. They are electro-optically converted in the optical transmitter 324 with a transmission wavelength assigned to each of the ONT/ONUs 32. Then they are multiplexed in the WDM multiplexer 34 with wavelength signals from the other ONT/ONUs 32.
The multiplexed WDM optical signals are transmitted to the OLT  31 through an optical cable. The WDM demultiplexer 319 in the OLT 31 separates the signals from each other according to their wavelength.
Thereafter the wavelength signals are photoelectrically converted in the optical receiver  317. The converted electrical signals are each inputted to the second Ethernet switch 315. In the Ethernet switch 315, the broadcast channel selection signal is switched to the broadcast channel selection controller 312, and the IP communication data is switched to the first Ethernet switch 313 connected to the IP network.
The signals received by the broadcast channel selection controller  312 are used for controlling the broadcast switch 311. The signals transmitted to the first Ethernet switch 313 are transferred to the higher-level IP network.
The embodiment shown in FIG. 6 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 3. in that the downstream wavelengths λ 1 to λn and upstream wavelengths λn+1 to λ2n are different. Thus, a single WDM multiplexer/demultiplexer 618 in OLT 61 and a single WDM multiplexer/demultiplexer 63 in ONT/ONU 62 are required.
The operation and configuration of this embodiment is similar as that of the embodiment of FIG. 3, except that a single WDM multiplexer/demultiplexer is used in each of the OLT  61 and ONT/ONU 62 because the upstream and downstream wavelengths are different from each other.
FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a system that includes a plurality of parallel-connected WDM-PONs that enables the integration of communication and broadcast services according to the present invention. As shown, a WDM-PON network accommodates L WDM-PON OLTs  707 and L×n ONT/ONUs 715, as further described below.
A digital/analog broadcast separator  702 separates analog and digital broadcast signals from an SO or a Digital Media Center (DMC) 701. The digital broadcast provided in this manner includes a digital image signal.
A digital broadcast channel-by-channel separator  703 separates the digital broadcast into its individual MPEG digital broadcast channels. The separated digital broadcast channels are each split into L ones through a splitter 704, and then transmitted to WDM-PON OLTs 707.
Communication data transmitted from an IP network  705 is switched in a high-capacity Ethernet switch 706 (or an IP router), and then transmitted to each of the WDM-PON OLTs 707.
The communication and broadcast data transmitted to the WDM-PON OLT  707 is transmitted to each ONT/ONU group, as described above in reference to FIG. 3.
Optical amplifier  708, optical splitter 709 and optical coupler 710 are used to combine an analog broadcast signal, from the digital/analog broadcast separator 702, with each of the OLT outputs. It is the transmitted to each ONT/ONU group through an optical cable.
In each ONT/ONU group, an analog broadcast optical signal is split through an optical splitter  711. Thereafter, it is photoelectrically converted by a photoelectric converter 712 and transmitted to each ONT/ONU 715 through a RF splitter 713.
Communication/broadcast multiplexed optical signals of λ 1 to λn are separated from each other through a WDM demultiplexer 714 according to their wavelength. Then they are transmitted to the ONT/ONUs 715, respectively.
a first WDM multiplexer for WDM-multiplexing the user data from the optical network terminal/optical network unit and transferring it to the optical line terminal.
2. The network as set forth in claim 1, wherein optical line terminal is further enabled to transfer a second communication signal, received from a service user, to the IP network.
3. The network as set forth in claim 2, wherein optical line terminal further includes a photoelectric converter used to produce the integrated optical signal.
4. The network as set forth in claim 2, wherein user data includes channel-information data of a digital broadcast desired by the service user and the second communication signal.
a first optical receiver for photoelectrically converting the optical signals separated according to their wavelength through the second WDM demultiplexer.
a second optical transmitter for electro-optically converting the user data, joined together through the hub switch, to be optically modulated, and transmitting it to the first WDM multiplexer for the purpose of transmitting it to the optical line terminal.
7. The network as set forth in claim 4, wherein a single wavelength for optical transmission between the OLT and the optical network terminal/optical network unit is assigned to each service user.
a radio frequency) splitter for distributing the photoelectrically-converted electrical analog broadcast signal to the optical network terminal/optical network unit.
a first WDM multiplexer/demultiplexer for (1) receiving and WDM-demultiplexing the single integrated optical signal from the optical line terminal, (2) transferring the integrated optical signal to the optical network terminal/optical network unit, (3) WDM-multiplexing the user data from the optical network terminal/optical network unit, and (4) transferring the user data to the optical line terminal.
10. The network as set forth in claim 9, wherein optical line terminal is further enabled to transfer a second communication signal, received from a service user, to the IP network.
11. The network as set forth in claim 10, wherein optical line terminal further includes a photoelectric converter used to produce the integrated optical signal.
12. The network as set forth in claim 10, wherein user data includes channel-information data of a digital broadcast desired by the service user and the second communication signal.
a first optical receiver for photoelectrically converting the optical signals separated according to their wavelength through the second WDM multiplexer/demultiplexer.
a second optical transmitter for electro-optically converting the user data, joined together through the hub switch, to be optically modulated, and transmitting it to the first WDM multiplexer/multiplexer for the purpose of transmitting it to the optical line terminal.
Koonen 2006 Fiber to the home/fiber to the premises: what, where, and when?


text:
Newsmill var en svensk webbplats för "nyhetskommentarer och debatt". Den drevs mellan 2008 och 2013, till en början ägd av Bonnier Tidskrifter och senare närmare knuten till TV4 News. Chefredaktör och ansvarig utgivare var P.M. Nilsson.

Historik
Newsmill öppnades för allmänheten 3 september 2008 och drevs av P.M. Nilsson (VD, chefredaktör och ansvarig utgivare), Sakine Madon (redaktionschef) och Patrik Kronqvist. Vidare var Annika Nordgren Christensen, tidigare riksdagsledamot för Miljöpartiet, marknadschef och tillika ansvarig för Newsmill Analys vilket startade hösten 2011.

Webbplatsen ägdes fram till januari 2013 av Bonnier Tidskrifter och samarbetade tätt med Veckans Affärer, där Newsmill Analys publicerade två sidor i varje nummer. Under år 2013 knöts Newsmill till TV4 News. Den 12 juni 2013 tog webbplatsen "sommarstängt", och webbplatsen har sedermera stängts ner.

På Newsmill kunde man beställa artikelseminarier som publicerades med rosa bakgrund. För 50 000 kronor i veckan fick man garanterad publicering.

Utmärkelser
Newsmill var en av tre nominerade till Stora journalistprisets kategori "Årets förnyare" 2009. Motivering till nomineringen var att "de vitaliserar opinionsjournalistiken, bjuder in publiken och fångar upp nya frågeställningar".

Nomineringen kritiserades av tidningen Journalisten och av vänsterpartisten Ali Esbati i en artikel i Aftonbladet. Esbati menade att även om Newsmill tar in texter från olika politiska inriktningar, från höga politiker till okända skribenter, så har högljudda reaktionärer funnit sig ännu en tummelplats på nätet i Newsmill.

När tidningen Internetworld i november 2008 utsåg Sveriges 100 bästa sajter, kom Newsmill på plats 45 med omdömet "bästa opinionssajt". Newsmill utsågs till bästa opinionssajt även 2009 och kom då på 36:e plats. Samma år nominerades Newsmill till Stora Journalistpriset i klassen årets förnyare.

Se även
 Second Opinion
 Knuff.se
 Twingly

Referenser

Externa länkar
 Officiell webbplats

Nedlagda svenska webbplatser
Media i Sverige
Debatt
Portal: Internet i Sverige

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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