A trullo (plural, trulli) is a traditional Apulian dry stone hut with a conical roof. Their style of construction is specific to the Itria Valley, in the Murgia area of the southern region of Puglia.
Trulli generally were constructed as temporary field shelters and storehouses or, as permanent dwellings by small proprietors or agricultural labourers. Folklore suggests this was to be easily be dismatled and rebuilt whenever the tax authorities were around. Though built without cement, their thick white-painted stone walls ensured coolness in the summer and warmth in the winter.


text:
Bädr Vogu Video Premiere "Anathema of Time" & Interview!
Bädr Vogu is a Sludge band from Oakland (((California))) that started out in 2010. Formed from the ashes of World Eater, Midnightmare and Hotblack Desiato, they have been crushing and garnering a loyal following throughout the underground since their inception. They have played some of the most killer shows I've seen, and fortunately, have been able to be a part of. Our bands have played together a bunch of times, and these are good friends that I really respect. The first show Swamp got to play in Oakland was opening up a garage show that Bädr Vogu played, alongside Galdr – the last show that we got to play with Bädr Vogu was alongside Eyehategod in San Jose. I support these guys and I am honored to debut their very first music video for their new single, "Anathema of Time," directed by Drew Dorsey.
"Anathema of Time" is a track off their new recording, Agglomeration MMXIV. Salvador Raya (Asunder) recorded it at Earhammer Studios in Oakland (((California))). I am really excited to be able to share this release with everyone; the B-Side includes another heavy dose of headbangable Misanthropic Sludge that was previously only available on LP from their split with Wilt. Transylvanian Tapes is releasing physical copies of Agglomeration MMXIV that will be obtainable in July.
Here's 7 Heavy questions with the band.
I have your first demo tape from 2011 – What other BV releases exist?
There is our full length album Exitium (also released in 2011) that so far has only seen two CD pressings (one self-funded, the other through the Spanish label Memento Mori), and our split vinyl LP with Seattle's Wilt (released in late 2012) – that was a joint venture between Hermit Records and Abominate Records, both based out of Seattle. Aside from that, there is the new cassette tape being released on the Transylvanian Tapes label that will have two brand new songs on one side and our side of the split with Wilt on the other end of the tape.
What are your biggest influences as a band?
Black Sabbath, Bolt Thrower, Dystopia, Eyehategod, Buzzov-ven, Melvins, Brainoil, El Dopa, Cathedral, Enewetak, Thorr's Hammer, Bethlehem, early Metallica, Celtic Frost, Yob, Acid Bath, Electric Wizard, Weedeater, Indian, Candlemass, Sleep/Asbestos Death, Cannibal Corpse, Morbid Angel, Grief, Asunder, Runemagick, Johnny Cash, Coffins, Carcass, Graves At Sea, Saint Vitus, Neurosis, Godflesh, Amebix, Rudimentary Peni, Robert Johnson and John Lee Hooker.
Lyrical influences are: Charles Bukowski, Cormic McCarthy, Dick Lucas, T.S. Elliot, Edgar Allan Poe, Noam Chomsky, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Nick Blinko, Milton, Wallace Stevens and the sea of shit known as humanity.
What does the band tune to?
We tune to B standard.
What are your preferred amps of choice?
Leo has always used Marshalls and Bryce currently uses a Laney 100 watt head and a 200 watt Blackstar head. Chris likes Ampeg and Sunn bass amps.
BV is about to embark on a National U.S.A. Tour – what restaurant or food destination in America are you most looking forward to devouring?
Chris's would be real New York pizza and southern BBQ. Sean says that he is on a constant quest to find good Bloody Marys, and both him, Leo and Bryce are all about getting authentic Cajun food. New Orleans has always been an important destination for us on the road for many reasons and the food is definitely a big part of that. Justin likes Burger King dollar menu hamburgers or any restaurant kid's menu that he comes across.
What are some of your favorite bands that have stood out and left a good impression that you've been fortunate to play with over the last couple of years?
Eyehategod (NOLA), Noothgrush // Brainoil //Swamp Witch // Augurs // Larvae // Hazzard's Cure // Femacoffin // Negative Standards // Apocryphon // Cardinal Wyrm // Abstracter // Vastum (all from Bay Area), Wilt // Bell Witch // Samothrace // Black Queen (all from Seattle, WA), Rozamov (Boston, MA), Bog of the Infidel (Providence, RI) Sea Of Bones (New Haven, CT), Gehenna (various West Coast), Pallbearer (Little Rock, AR) Killer of Sheep (Pittsburgh, PA), Inter Arma (Richmond, VA), Usnea // Night Nurse // Stoneburner (all from PDX), Author and Punisher (San Diego, Ca), Seven Sisters of Sleep (Orange County, Ca), Undergang (Denmark).
If you could choose someone, dead or alive, to jam with, who would it be and what would it sound like?
Bryce: I'd like to jam with Syd Barrett. It'd be amazing to just get very out there and freak the fuck out. Then when I'm coming down from interstellar space, I'd return to Earth, drink some whiskey, and jam with Robert Johnson. I'm sure my ass would get smoked in either situation and it'd sound like two greats doing their thing, with me struggling to keep up.
Sean: I'd jam with Too Short, E-40, Mac Dre, and Keak da Sneak. It would sound like a white boy rapping with some hyphy motherfuckers. In other words it'd sound like a white boy pathetically trying to rap.
Leo: John Bonham and Cliff Burton because what guitar player wouldn't want to jam with that rhythm section?!! It would sound like me playing guitar by myself. Because they're dead.
Bädr Vogu will be touring throughout the United States of America this summer!
Here's their tour itinerary:
July 3rd – Oakland, CA, @ The Legionnaire
w/ DeathgraVe, Bog Oak
July 15th – Denver, CO @ 3 Kings Tavern
w/ Blighter, Prison Death
July 17th – Minneapolis, MN @ The Dog Haus
w/ Ashen, Despise, Lemon
July 18th – Chicago, IL @ Old Mount Happy
w/ Wymns Pryson (Atlanta), Foreign Lawns (Milwakee), War Boner, and Sick Sad World.
July 19th – Pittsburgh, PA @ The Rock Room
w/ Agitate, Deterioration, Anthrophobic
July 20th – Philadelphia, PA @ Mill Creek Tavern
w/ TBA
July 21st – Boston, MA @ O'Brien's Pub
w/ Churchburn, Rozamov, Grue
July 22nd – Providence, RI @ AS220
w/ Churchburn, Rozamov, Bog of the Infidel
July 24th – Brooklyn, NY @ The Acheron
w/ Oathbreaker, Cult Leader, Young and in the Way, Meek is Murder
July 25th – Baltimore, MD @ The Sidebar Tavern
w/ HIVELORDS + TBA
July 26th – Richmond, VA
July 27th – Raleigh, NC @ The Maywood w/ TBA
July 28th – Asheville, NC @ The Odditorium w/ TBA
July 30th – New Orleans, LA @ End of the World w/ TBA
July 31st – New Orleans, LA @ Siberia (early show)
w/ Total Abuse
August 1st – Austin, TX @ The Lost Well
w/ The Blood Royal and TBA
August 2nd – Dallas, TX @ Chichen Itza
w/ Pissed Grave, Deadtooth and Pavel Chekov
August 3rd – Albuquerque, NM @ The Launchpad
w/ Torture Victim, Hanta, +TBA
August 4th – Las Vegas, NV @ TBA
August 10th – San Francisco @ Cave Show w/ Fórn, Folivore, and Akatharsia
Here's a link to their Tour event page. I highly recommend checking them out if you get the chance –
In this article:Agglomeration MMXIV, Badr Vogu, Drew Dorsey, Earhammer Studios, Salvador Raya, Transylvanian Tapes
Written By James
Music appreciator, Videographer & Tape pusher. Currently residing in the Bay Area. My goal is to bring exposure to Bands/Artists that I think are worthwhile. Follow my video archive at: http://www.youtube.com/user/hellsasick Follow my music label at: http://transylvaniantapes.bandcamp.com/
Sick Label Alert! TRANSYLVANIAN TAPES isn't fucking around!
Real respect real, which is why we have nothing but respect for the the East Bay label Transylvanian Tapes! Since this label started they...
Sean ReveronJuly 21, 2020
Bay Area Underground 2018
I fucking love the Bay Area. There is a truly amazing amount of artists that live out here. For the music that I am...
JamesDecember 21, 2018
6 Tape Labels That Are Shaping The Underground NOW!
When I first got turned on to cassette tapes, I was hooked. During the 80's, it was the cassette tape that was our go-to...
Sludged to Death: Bädr Vogu – 'Wroth' Review + Stream
One of the most criminally overlooked releases of 2016 was surely Bädr Vogu's skull-crushing second album Wroth. It is essentially our moral duty to put...
CerberoMarch 3, 2017

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Which savings bonds should I cash out?
Dr. Don Taylor Ph.D., CFA, CFP, CASL
February 1, 2013 in Savings
Dear Dr. Don,
In April 1983 we purchased Series EE savings bonds in $100, $200, $500 and $1,000 denominations. We also own 30 Series I savings bonds issued in August 2003. Finally, we have $1,000 face-value Series EE savings bonds issued in October 2001, 2008 and 2009. Do you have any suggestions on which bonds we should redeem first?
More On Savings:
How safe is my $20K in savings bonds?
What to do with Series EE savings bonds?
Set your investing goals
Create a news alert for
"savings"
— Clyde Cache
Dear Clyde,
How much money do you need? The savings bonds you bought in 1983 are maturing this year, and they're an easy choice to cash in when they mature for two reasons. First, the bonds stop earning interest when they mature. Second, the interest earnings are taxable in the year that the savings bonds mature. If you've been deferring paying income taxes on the bonds, you'll owe taxes on all the interest earnings. If you've been paying income tax on the interest earnings all along, you'll only owe income tax on this year's interest earnings. This presumes you're not cashing in savings bonds issued after 1989 to fund qualified higher education expenses.
The two most recent investments are still within five years of their purchase. If you cash in these bonds, you'll be hit with an early redemption penalty of the last three months' interest. That's the bad news. The good news is that for the 2009 savings bond, the last three months' interest doesn't amount to much. It's currently earning 0.7 percent. The 2008 purchase is earning 1.4 percent.
If you hold these bonds for 20 years, the government will adjust the yield up to approximately 3.53 percent. That's because the government will need to fulfill its guarantee that the Series EE bonds will double in value over 20 years. If you don't have that kind of investment horizon for these bonds, then think about redeeming them.
Your 2001 Series EE savings bond is currently only earning 0.81 percent. But that bond is much closer to its shorter, 17-year guarantee it will double its value, so I'd hang on to it.
Those Series I savings bonds you purchased in August 2003 are earning a fixed yield of 1.1 percent plus an inflation yield based on changes in the consumer price index. I'd recommend that you hold on to these bonds for the long haul.
Get more news, money-saving tips and expert advice by signing up for a free Bankrate newsletter.
To ask a question of Dr. Don, go to the "Ask the Experts" page and select one of these topics: "Financing a home," "Saving & Investing" or "Money." Read more Dr. Don columns for additional personal finance advice.
Best savings accounts for different age brackets
2013 money market accounts rates forecast
Opening a foreign currency account
Beef up your savings
Savings bonds: Still safe?
Investing for grandkids
Dump savings bonds for greater return?
Can I recover money from 1976 bond scam?
How to cash late relative's savings bond?
Why wait to cash in savings bonds?
Making the most of Patriot Bonds
What to do with Series E savings bonds?


mets crusher tecnical specification 200tph - kudosindia. zenith crusher tecnical specification 200tph -, Know more. coal crusher technical specifications –, Crusher tecnical specification 200tph, .
3 stage 200 tph crusher plant specification by Elijah 50 tph mobile stone, limestone crushing equipment 4 tph; ball mill 200 tph; cmc 200 tph crusher; . Nordber MP Series cone crushers specifi ion of mets crusher 200tph 200 TPH Mets china 0 jaw 200 tph jaw crusher stone crushers 200 tph images Cost of 200 tph .
technical specifications of zenith china crusher. technical specification of zenith crusher plant - csrcin china jaw crusher c100 specs mill, crusher plant,stone crusher line,aggregate plant China, >>Get Price !
mets 200tph crusher plant drawings educationcare. 200 tph crushing and screening plant prices about mets cone crusher 200 tph. portable ore crusher mets 200 tph nw100 crusher Specifications Cone Crusher; Check price. Live Chat; Bmw Concrete Crushers Specs.
specification of crusher 200tph - hotelchandpalace. specification of zenith crusher 200tph specification of zenith crusher 200tph Name: ZENITH LogoHome >>rock crushing plant stone crusher aggregate, cone crusher .
mets crusher 200 tph-Xinhai - saverfurniture. mets 200tph crusher plant drawings . 200 tph jaw crusher india Stone Crusher. mets jaw crusher 200 tph . zenith 200tph crusher plant drawings - lilygreen. . 3 stage 200 tph crusher plant specification - YouTube. Dec 17, 2013 electrical drawing of 200 tph puzzolana stone crusher three .
specification of jaw crushers - cleanlivingservices. specification of crusher 200tph mobile hydraulic mobile crusher cme mining machine crusher india specification of jaw crusher c100 mets c100 specs jaw crusher .
Mets Vsi Crusher 200 Tph . Get Price. mets crusher plant cost - csdpmap. . Free download as PDF File . crusher 250 tph maintenance coal crusher plant 250 tph pdf file . mets crusher lt105 specs; Home Products sitemap .
spec s for nlt105 jaw crusher. specs for jaw crushers princessinternationalcollegeph jaw crusher specifications, wholesale various high quality jaw crusher specifications products from global jaw crusher specifications suppliers and jaw . mets crusher lt105 specs grinding mill china lt 105 .
mets 200 tph crusher plant rrfurniture. 200tph mets crusher plant. cost of mets crusher plant stonecrusher.tech flow chart of stone crushing plant mets crushing equipment. the mets crusher is the c 200. More Info flow process of stone crusher plant - herbalpharma.
Rd 200 20 Tph Fines Crusher - ediccentralmaltaeu. Impact Crushers - Parker Plant Choice of operating speeds to increase fines The models of HD impact crushers are featured 100 tph Model 103 or the 200 tph Model .
mets crusher plant 1000 tph. zenith the g1000 cone crusher details in hindi. zenith cone crusher for tph samassociates. mets the g1000 cone crusher details in hindi 200 tph crusher plant price crusher spe pts india and crusher spe pts.
Apr 14, 2017 · specifiion of mets crusher 200tph - Crusher . puzzolana 200 tph cone crusher plant prices in Tools - Search for puzzolana 200 tph cone crusher plant prices in Tools . Get Price>> Guangzhou Factory Mining Equipment 200 Tph Jaw Crusher .
mets crusher plant 200 tph – Grinding Mill China. Crushing Business Journal - The 1000 Series is equipped with a Jaw crusher C 106, a, The proven 's series features an extensive range of track-mounted crushing plants designed for, Lucky Minerals feels that after obtaining the 200 TPH.
specification of in crusher tph - debouchage-wiame.be. 3 stage 200 tph crusher plant specification -, puzzolana 3 stage price lvdivseacadetsorgpuzzolana 200 tph crusher plant total weight get pric 3 stage 200 tph crusher plant specification 17 dec 2013 300 tph 3 stage aggregate crushing plant coal crusher technical specification of 30 tphpuzzolana 150 tph specification in 10 kg/cm2 6 30 cost .
Specifiion Of Mets Jaw Crusher C100. gyratory crusher design for 650 tons per day mets mobile crusher 200 tph image mets jaw crusher c100 specs 2 5 tons per hour capacity hammer mill Mining Crusher For Sale jaw crushers are classified on the basis of the position of the pivoting mets 1110 concrete crusher increased production in .
Aug 12, 2018 · Search for puzzolana 200 tph cone crusher plant .3 stage 200 tph crusher plant specification - YouTubeFeb 7, 2014 . 11/13/2012 puzzolana 200 tph cone crusher plant in Tools . Capacity of the .
Laos 200tph HJ Series Jaw Crusher price - VSI crusher .
7 of mets jaw crusher c100 specs; mets 200tph stone crusher about specifiion of mets jaw crusher c100 - Stone Crusher and Stone Chat Online crusher tecnical specification 200tph - unityit Homepage > Mining Shop>china .
3 stage 200 tph crusher plant specification . cme mobile crusher plant tfg. cme three stage crusher plant drkpolytechnic. mineral crushing stag 3 stages ore crushing with 2 cones crushers, CME Machinery 3 stage mobile crushing plant pric puzzolana 3 stage crusher . Get Price. New. specifiion dari mets crusher 200tph - kidzparadise .
Apr 14, 2017 · puzzolana 200 tph 3 stage crusher. 22 May 2014 prices - 15 Jan 2014 200 tph puzzolana crusher plant - Crusher quotation for 200 tph cone crusher plant in Tools cost of a Gulin 3 stage 150.


We are a biker friendly Church!
All bikers are welcome to join us in worshiping our Lord and Savior together!
If there ever was a time, it's now!
"There are a number of obvious reasons why we should pray for Jerusalem. We are commanded to pray for the peace of Jerusalem in Psalms 122:6. That is not a suggestion, but a command to the people of God.
Also, it is the capital of the promis land fo the chosen people of God. It is also the prophetic hour glass for the ending of the age of grace. It will be the city to which the Messiah will return to redeem humanity.
Then, there is the honorable reason to pray for Jerusalem, because the creator has chosen this very small piece of real estate to place His name."
For more information or to keep reading, please visit http://www.forthepeaceofjerusalem.com/why-pray-for-jerusalem.html.


Eritrea sits in one of the world's most strategic locations.
AFRICANGLOBE – Israel has completed the construction of its largest listening post in the Red Sea Basin in efforts to monitor the movement of the Arab coalition involved in the Yemen conflict according to reports.
According to the Palestinian Information Centre, the post is located on the Emba Soira, the highest mountain in Eritrea.
Expert of East African affairs Usama al-Ashqar said that the post's existence was confirmed by the Eritrean opposition and is aimed at observing Bab al-Mandab Strait and areas of Israeli interests in the south of the Red Sea, namely the movement of its commercial ships.
He also said that the post will observe the movement of the Arab coalition involved in Yemen and Iranian activities in the sea in the wake of building up its relations with Eritrea following the cut of diplomatic ties with Sudan.
It is also aimed at analysing the sea and air movements in the south of the Red Sea as the Arab coalition is hiring an Eritrean seaport for logistic emergencies.


With a shorter, lock free run to do, we were in less of a hurry this morning. This was just as well, as, after waking at six and reading for a bit, I dozed off again and didn't come to until twenty past seven.
So it was a case of tea whilst getting dressed, scoff breakfast pronto and then head over to the water point by Bridge 68 to fill the tank. The pressure is really good here and we took on three quarters of a tank in the time it took to make and drink a mug of coffee and deal with some email.
Off we went again, Sheila steering and your correspondent dividing his time between looking out, pottering in the cabin and, later on, doing the washing up. Sheila was well on form, handling the tricky bridge hole at Congleton High Town with skill and aplomb despite the anxious looking privateer hovering on the towpath just the other side. She then cleared the aqueduct without touching the sides, too.
Our original plan had been to return to Scholar Green, but with no shopping to do there was no reason not to stop at the peaceful visitor moorings by Bridge 86, the ones we know as the Little Moreton Hall moorings as you can walk to that spectacular National Trust property from here.
The sun has come out, Sheila has started a new crochet order and I've been loafing, quite frankly. Oh, except that we counted up the money raised by the charity auction. Once I've banked the cheques, the Anthony Nolan charity will be better off by over £1200 plus the Gift Aid.


It's officially the middle of April and all sorts of stores have awesome deals on their cleaning supplies. I've even seen awesome deals on storage units banking on the fact that Americans love Spring cleaning.
Time to organize the attic or basement, deep clean, buy new towels, and give away of all the junk you don't use to Good Will. If you need help cleaning your home you can have a Brisbane single visit clean come and do it for you.
Sure, this is all great to cleanse the house, but what about your finances?
50% of Americans have less than one month's income saved for a rainy day. Top personal finance advisers will tell you – and especially drawing from lessons in the economic crisis to have at least six months income saved, just in case – no need in the merchant cash advance company service.
56% of people have no idea their credit score is which happens to be the most important factor for applying for a mortgage, car loan and new credit card.
57% of households don't have a budget according to a recent study by Harris interactive.
61% of Americans live paycheck to paycheck, more than one in five earn US$100K or more.
Those numbers are pretty scary, especially for the American who is making more but spending even more. So, what does this all mean? American are spending way more than they earn and do not have control over their finances. So the question is, how can you avoid becoming one of these statistics? Or, how can you change yourself if you already are that statistic?
Well, here it is: Get in control!
Spring time is the American's yearly "designated time" to deep clean. So, lets do what we have to do to get your finances "deep cleaned" and then form some new habits. Here is a list that can help you get started.
and put it FIRST over every other bill in the house. Even over rent. Use awesome apps like mint or level money to keep on top of your budgeting game. You need to get in the habit of looking at what you are spending on often.
Credit Karma is an awesome site that lets you view your credit report free once a year. I highly recommend it and use it myself. If you have not seen what is going on in your credit report, I suggest you do. Being a victim of identity theft myself, I cannot tell you enough how important it is to not turn a blind eye to your credit report.
This helps you avoid any late fees or penalties from forgetting to pay your bill on time. This also keeps you on check for knowing dates of when money will be taken out of your account and so on. Get in the habit of making your savings and bills a priority. You do not want to be throwing money away to fees when you could be putting that money towards savings. This also does not give you the excuse to pay and forget about it. Always review your bill because errors do happen and you don't want to be paying for something that you shouldn't be paying for.
offers a high yield savings account and its free with no minimums.
I love using Mint for the very reason that I can check what I have spent on certain categories. Check your bank records and find out what fees are being charged to your account so it can stay open.
Sometimes banks charge a fee if you do not have a certain amount in savings. Look into that, that could be money you are throwing away simply because you do not know or have not looked into it. Also, shop around. There are so many banks now that offer no ATM fees, no banks fees, and so on. Do your research.
If you have an IRA are you contributing the full $5,500(or $6,500 for 50 and older) a year that can be? If not, you are wasting your time on it! Tell yourself that you will transfer a certain amount of income to your Roth IRA or whatever account you have so you can build your net worth. Don't forget to evaluate what you are putting your money into in the IRA as well and don't just let your money sit in there. Put it into something that is building strong long term.
How much are you spending on your insurances? It's like GEICO always says, fifteen minutes could save you 15% or more on car insurance. Spend this time to shop around to see if you can get better rates. If you have good discipline, take that difference that you save and put it away. Or you can always add it back into your budget so you can start getting your nails done again.
God knows all the crazy things that get lost in our purses. Outdated makeup, old receipts, baby snacks, change, old lotion, I mean I go on for a while. Clean all that out! Who knows what you have lost in there. Take the change and put in back into your savings. That's just money sitting there that is accruing no interest and that's no good.
Go grab some manila envelopes and put all those crinkled up old papers somewhere. Car insurance records, finance records, social security cards, passports, rental agreements, bank records, cell phone bills, etc should all be put away and organized. Wal-Mart sells filing cabinets for around forty bucks. Invest in your organization and the rest of the years on will go much more smoothly.
I love couponing. It's quite addicting when you figure it out and you see all the money that you save. It helps so much with keeping the budget together. It's all about getting organized with that as well, and staying on top of sales. Never buying anything that isn't on sale, and being patient. There are so many resources out there that will help you master couponing and I highly recommend it. Start now by checking out my Coupons Savings Center and get your print on!
Hope all these helped. Don't get too overwhelmed, just take it one day at a time. Make sure to let me know if any of these tips helped you, and don't forget to like, comment, and share this article with all your friends so they can save too!
Erika Belvin is the author and founder of www.BizyMommy.com She is a full time mommy to a beautiful little girl, a mother to two puppies, and a wife to a full time network marketer. She is a big time foodie, and a lover of anything that has cake in it. Life's a beach. Follow her on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat.


text:
If we say that the crypto world is a revolution, then in 2017, we saw a revolution within a revolution. Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) boomed last year, raising over $5.6 billion in 2017. In total, there were 902 ICOs launched last year, 435 of which, or 48% were considered a success. From the remaining ICOs launched last year, 142 failed even before their launch date and 276 ICOs collapsed after their fund raise. By the end of 2017, there was an average of three ICOs closing per day. The end of the year also saw cryptocurrencies plummet in value with Bitcoin falling from $20,000 to $13,000. Even though Bitcoin (BTC) started the year at just $900, the heavy and sudden crash sparked countless articles predicting the end of the crypto bubble.
Fast forward to June 2018 and we see a very different story. Within just the first two months of the year, 50 successful ICOs were launched raising more than $1 billion in funds. By April of this year, 2017's figure was already surpassed. A total of $6.3 billion was raised, 118% more than all of 2017's total. The first quarter of the year witnessed 59 percent as many ICOs as in all of last year receive capital. If we are to include the pre-sales of the Telegram ICO, the most highly anticipated ICO of the year, investors have poured $9.2 billion year-to-date into a total of 343 ICOs so far.
However, the road to ICO success has been a rocky road with plenty of obstacles. One area that is proving a major obstacle to ICO success is the number of fraud or scam ICOs that have appeared. An inevitable downside of the increased popularity of ICOs has been the increased number of scam or fraudulent ICOs. By April of this year, it was a reported by the New York-based Satis Group LLC that 81% of all ICOs were considered scam or fraud. Only 8% of all the ICOs being launched actually made it to the exchange. This figure is open to dispute too. MIT published Initial Coin Offerings and the Value of Crypto Tokens, authored by Christian Catalini and Joshua S. Gans, which showed that in their findings somewhere between 5% to 25% of ICOs could be considered frauds or scam ICOs. The amount of fraud or scam ICOs is probably somewhere between the two findings, but what we do know is that there are scam ICOs and both the regulatory authorities and advertising channels are cracking down on ICOs.
ICO Ad Bans
In January of this year, social media giant Facebook announced a total ban on ICO advertising. It launched a new ad policy which targeted binary options, cryptocurrencies and ICOs. The policy specifically prohibited ads for services and products "that are frequently associated with misleading or deceptive practices." Shortly after Facebook announced a total ban, other social media channels followed suit. LinkedIn banned crypto advertising and then Twitter announced in March that it would cease allowing ICO or cryptocurrency advertising.
As stories of scam ICOs and the high-risk nature of investing in ICOs became more apparent, other marketing channels announced ad bans on ICOs. MailChimp, the largest emailing service provider banned all ICO advertising as of the end of March with other email service providers quickly following suit. However, what really shook up the world of ICO advertising was the ban by Google. In March, Google's director of sustainable ads, Scott Spencer, said: "We updated several policies to address ads in unregulated or speculative financial products like binary options, cryptocurrency, foreign exchange markets and contracts for difference (or CFDs)." The Google ban which took effect this June is sure to have the biggest effect on how ICOs are marketed. It was estimated that somewhere between 40 – 80% of all ICO marketing budgets were being spent on Google advertising. Google's reach and success rate have been attributed to the success and popularity of ICOs – both legit and scam. So, with the marketing channels being squeezed and the number of fraud ICOs increasing, what's next for ICOs?
Marketing an ICO in 2018 and Beyond
Despite the advertising bans from the biggest marketing channels, ICO marketing is not dead, far from it in fact. There are still many ways to market an ICO and any ICO that wants to be successful has to take a multifaceted approach anyway. ICO marketing channels include:
SEO – the foundation of any online campaign and what any serious ICO should spend time and money developing. There really is no better form of marketing than search engine optimization. It brings in long term traffic in a cost-effective manner and shows that an ICO is in it for the long term and not just about the launch.
PPC – Pay per click advertising may be heavily squeezed by the Facebook and Google bans, but PPC marketing for ICOs is not dead. What is happening is that ad networks are becoming increasingly popular for ICOs for PPC. As well as traditional ad networks, there are specialized crypto ad networks that feature media packages on some of the biggest and most popular crypto related sites.
Community Management – A unique form of marketing ICOs is seen in the role of the ICO community manager. Successful ICOs have someone or an agency in place that builds, informs and maintains a community long before an ICO launch and long after a launch. The community manager looks after Facebook groups, Twitter pages, manages a Telegram group and contributes to LinkedIn, Quora and Reddit discussions. Social media advertising may be banned, but social media still plays a massive part in building an ICO community and keeping them informed and engaged.
PR and Blogging Outreach – What may be considered traditional forms of marketing, still have an important part to play in ICO marketing. Press releases and guest posts help gain exposure, gain credibility and can compliment any effective off page SEO strategy.
ICOs Final Thoughts
One good aspect of the ad bans has been that it seems the less serious and scam ICOs will and are falling by the wayside. People are a bit more aware of what constitutes a scam ICO and it is a lot harder to market a scam ICO than ever before. That isn't to say that scam ICOS do not and will not exist in the future, but the ad bans will definitely make it harder.
What is becoming increasingly apparent is the fact that ICOs, like blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies in general, are here to stay. The amounts raised by ICOs (initial Coin Offerings) to the amounts raised by Initial Public Offerings still remain relatively small, but with every financial quarter that passes, that is changing. ICOs have, so far, survived ad bans, country bans, regulatory squeezing, scam reports and crashes in the crypto markets. If they can survive those, then we should accept they are here to stay and not just a passing fad.
« How to Spot and Avoid a Scam ICO
What are ICOs (Initial Coin Offerings)? »


Pretreating fruits with citric acid or lemon juice solutions before drying helps to keep light-colored fruits from darkening and serves as an antimicrobial treatment for all fruits. To make a citric acid solution, mix 1 teaspoon of citric acid into 1 quart of cold water. A lemon juice solution is made by mixing equal parts of lemon juice and cold water. To pretreat fruit, soak the peeled and/or sliced fruit in the solution for ten minutes. Drain fruit well and pat dry before filling dehydrator trays.
Apples Peel (if desired) and core. Cut into rings or slices about 1/4-inch thick. Dip in lemon juice solution to avoid darkening. Leathery and pliable with no moist areas in center.
Apricots Remove pits. Cut in halves and press flat to break up fibers that hold moisture. Treat to avoid darkening. Leathery and pliable with no moist areas in center.
Bananas Do not use bruised or over-ripe bananas. Peel and cut into 1/8-inch slices. Treat to avoid darkening. Leathery. Dried bananas will be sticky even when dry due to sugar content.
Berries (blueberries, cranberries) Crack skins by dipping berries in boiling water for 30 seconds. Spread on trays in single layer. Hard.
Cherries Remove pits and cut in half, or dip whole cherries in boiling water for 30 seconds to crack skins. Shriveled and leathery. Some varieties are sticky even when dried.
Citrus fruits (peel) Remove 1/8-inch of outer peel (use only no-color-added fruit). Remove all white areas. Arrange in a single layer on the tray. Crisp.
Figs Leave small figs whole or cut larger figs in half. Crack skins of whole figs by dipping in boiling water for 30 seconds. Dry skin side down. Leathery, pliable, slightly sticky.
Grapes Use seedless varieties. Cut in half or crack skins by dipping whole grapes in boiling water for 30 seconds. Leathery and sticky with no moist areas in center.
Nectarines, peaches Peel, remove pit, and slice into 1/4-inch slices. Dip in lemon juice solution to prevent darkening. Leathery and pliable with no moist areas in center.
Pears Slice 1/4 inch thick (peeled or unpeeled). Dip in lemon juice solution to prevent darkening. Leathery and chewy.
Pineapples Cut into 1/2-inch slices. Pliable and crisp. Somewhat sticky.
Plums Dry small plums whole. Cut larger plums in half or slice 1/2 inch thick. Crack skins on whole plums by dipping in boiling water for 1 to 2 minutes. Leathery and pliable.
Rhubarb Slice 3/8 inch thick crosswise. Brittle.
Strawberries Cut into 1/4-inch slices. Hard.
When some fruits come out of the dehydrator, they are not uniformly dry. Thinner pieces and outer edges are always dryer than the centers, so these foods must be conditioned if they are to be stored successfully. Conditioning simply means storing the foods in a covered glass container for approximately four to ten days until the moisture is evenly distributed. If condensation appears on the inside of the glass lid, it is an indication that the food inside has not been sufficiently dried, and the drying time must be extended or the food will mold.
Package dehydrated fruits in plastic freezer bags or glass jars with tight-fitting lids. Pack the containers tightly without crushing the fruit, and store in a dry, dark place in a cool environment.
I was so happy to see your chart on drying fruits this morning. I use your other charts all the time. Thanks!!
I'm wondering if you pre-treat your fruits before you dehydrate them. I have a new dehydrator that I have never used but I'd like to start drying some fruits like bananas. I don't really care if they darken or not.
Personally, I don't pretreat fruits before I dry them. I have found that bananas especially don't change color all that much. All or most of the instructions I've read, though, advise pretreating fruits because of the antimicrobial benefits.
Yes, many thanks for the charts you make. I find them very helpfull and easy to follow. I love your blog!


text:
I'm a Todo-aholic {{ todos.length }}

							<input type="checkbox" ng-click="deleteTodo(todo._id)"> {{ todo.text }}

					<form>

							<input type="text" class="form-control input-lg text-center" placeholder="Add TODO" ng-model="formData.text">

						<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" ng-click="createTodo()">Add</button>
					</form>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Save cell containing different length vectors to text file in MATLAB I am trying to save a cell array containing different length column vectors to a text file in MATLAB, but I am a bit stuck.
cell_structure = {[1;2;3;...546] [1;2;3;...800] [1;2;3;...1011] [1;2;3;...1118] [1;2;3;...1678]}

I tried using the following code:
   fid = fopen( 'myFile.txt', 'w' ) ;
 for cId = 1 : numel( cell_structure )
    fprintf( fid, '%f ', cell_structure{cId} ) ;
    fprintf( fid, '\r\n' ) ;
 end

The problem is when I open the text file the column vectors are saved as row vectors and their length is limited to 545. Any help would be much appreciated.

A: Your first iteration of the for loop prints the ENTIRE first array, in cell_structure. It doesn't matter whether this array is a row or a column vector, since you're using fprintf(), it's going to print each element out, one after another.
This is a little trickier than I can manage at work right now... but you will need to pad your shorter vectors to match the length of your largest.
Then:
for k = 1:size_of_largest_vector
    for j = 1:total_number_of_columns
         new_cell{k,j} = cell_structure{j}(k)
    end
end

This will give you an array of all your column vectors.
Then, use a space delimited csvwrite() to write the columns.

A: I used Elijah Rockers idea to pad out the shorter column vectors so they are all the same length. And Crowley pointed out that dmlwrite and cvswrite cannot handle empty cells. I found a function that can handle empty cells:
https://github.com/mkoohafkan/UCBcode-Matlab/blob/master/OtherPeoplesFunctions/dlmcell.m
And here is my code to pad out and the save data.
    for k = 1:max(cellfun('length',cell)); %longest column vector length
    for j = 1:length(cell); % number of colum vctors
        if k > length(cell{j}); % if the index is longer than colum vector length
           new_cell{k,j} = []; % pad vector
        else
         new_cell{k,j} = cell{j}(k); %otherwise add to array
        end
    end
end
dlmcell('test.txt',new_cell,',')

It works like a charm, all of the column vectors in the cell array are now saved in separate columns of the text file.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
In Indonesië
Onderdistrict in Indonesië
 Baturetno (onderdistrict), een onderdistrict van het regentschap Wonogiri van de provincie Midden-Java
Plaats in Indonesië (met tussen haakjes het onderdistrict)
 Baturetno (Banguntapan), een plaats in het regentschap Bantul van de provincie Jogjakarta,
 Baturetno (Baturetno), een plaats in het regentschap Wonogiri van de provincie Midden-Java
 Baturetno (Dampit), een plaats in het regentschap Malang van de provincie Oost-Java
 Baturetno (Tuban), een plaats in het regentschap Tuban van de provincie Oost-Java

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Here's how to make sure your unlocked or pre-owned phone will work with an alternative carrier.
There are a number of things to consider before moving to an alternative carrier. How much data do I really need? Am I looking for better service, or just cheaper service? And if I already have a phone, will it work on the carrier that I choose?
We're going to delve into this topic, but there are a couple of things we should get out of the way beforehand.
Before we talk about whether your phone will work on a particular alternative carrier, we should direct you to a few introductory posts about what exactly these companies offer, and why you should think about switching over.
What is an alternative carrier?
What do I need to switch from the Big Four to an alternative carrier?
Once you've read through those, there are a few more things you need to know. In the U.S., there are four major carriers with nationwide networks — AT&T, T-Mobile, Sprint and Verizon. All four of them use generally the same technology, but there are some major differences worth noting.
Sprint and Verizon have 3G networks that use aging (and disappearing) CDMA technology. All phones that run on their networks must have special radios that support CDMA. Thankfully, most phones these days have some sort of CDMA support.
T-Mobile and AT&T use a more common HSPA+ technology for 3G service. Practically every phone you can buy today — even those designed for Verizon and Sprint — will likely work on AT&T and T-Mobile, as long as the SIM card is unlocked.
Thankfully, the days of poor interoperability between carriers are behind us, but there are some lingering issues. Even though all the major U.S. carriers have adopted what amounts to the same LTE standard as their high-speed mobile internet offering, they all use different wireless spectrum — also known as wireless bands, or frequencies — to deliver calls, text and, most importantly, data, over the air.
Even if your phone is technically compatible with a particular network, the SIM slot still needs to be unlocked to be able to work on carriers both in the U.S. and abroad.
In the U.S., unlocking services are free as long as your account is in good standing and your phone hasn't been reported lost, stolen or involved in illegal activity. All the Big Four carriers are obligated to unlock your phone, though the process differs between them. All recent Verizon phones are unlocked out of the box.
Let's discuss the individual carriers themselves, and why your phone — perhaps one you bought through your old carrier, or purchased unlocked from, say, Amazon — may or may not work on the network.
There aren't that many Verizon-powered alternative carriers, or MVNOs, in the U.S., so we'll start with the easy one. Companies like Total Wireless or Straight Talk, which are powered by Verizon's network, make it pretty easy to bring your own phone. They ask that you make sure your phone supports CDMA service, and offer network checkers to help you verify that your phone will indeed work on their network.
Quick trick: Open your phone's dialler and type *#06# to get its MEID number.
1 Phone must support bands on CDMA.
Many popular phones today, from the Samsung Galaxy S7 to the Google Pixel to cheaper devices like the OnePlus 3T and Moto G5 Plus, support Verizon's 3G and LTE networks. As long as you do your homework beforehand, you should be able to bring your phone over to any alternative carrier that runs on Verizon's network.
Sprint is, like Verizon, a combination of CDMA-based 3G and modern LTE — though it uses different wireless frequencies. The upside is the same, though: your phone will need to support CDMA service on 3G in order to make calls and texts, and likely to register on the network entirely. Even if your phone supports Sprint's LTE bands, it won't be able to connect to Sprint's core network.
There are many alternative or prepaid carriers in the U.S. that rely on Sprint's network, including Ting, Straight Talk, and Boost Mobile. Most of these alternative carriers have online services to allow you to check whether your unlocked phone is compatible with its host network, though some — like Sprint-owned Boost Mobile — have explicit restrictions. For example, Boost Mobile customers cannot bring a Sprint-branded or Virgin-branded phone over to its network.
Like Sprint, there are many prepaid and alternative carriers that rely on T-Mobile's network, including Mint Mobile, MetroPCS and others.
The good news for those bringing their own phones to one of these networks is that there's a good chance, if it was bought in the past couple of years, that it will just work. All that you need is a SIM card and service from the new provider and you should be good to go.
That's because T-Mobile uses a combination of 3G and 4G LTE technologies that have been widely adopted throughout the world, and most phones today, from the Google Pixel to the Galaxy S7, OnePlus 3T and many others, will just work on an MVNO that runs on the T-Mobile network.
Like Verizon, AT&T doesn't power many smaller prepaid or alternative carriers, but it does own one: Cricket Wireless. And like T-Mobile, bringing a phone to an AT&T-powered MVNO is usually no big deal: most phones sold in the past couple of years work with AT&T. Indeed, AT&T's adoption of the worldwide HSPA+ standard for 3G, plus its standard LTE capabilities, means that even phones purchased overseas should work with Ma Bell.
The final piece of the puzzle is a bit complicated, but let's talk it out. Some of the above providers, like Project Fi, rely on more than one host network to function properly. Others, like Consumer Cellular, connect to either AT&T or T-Mobile. This usually means that the SIM card inside your phone will choose between T-Mobile and Sprint depending on your location and signal strength. You as a user don't have to make any decisions, but your choice of phone could impact the quality of service.
As long as everything is working properly — your phone supports both networks, and you are in an area that has good coverage on at least one of them — then you don't need to think about it at all. But it's a good thing to know, since these kinds of carriers can be to your advantage if you happen to be in an area where both the host networks are strong.
Some of this stuff is stupidly complicated, and we'd love to help. If you're having issues figuring out whether your phone will work on a particular prepaid or alternative carrier, let us know in the comments below!


text:
Carrying Asian hopes
by Rich Freeman
Like its opponent in its opening game, Japan goes into the World Cup knowing that the tournament marks the end of an era.
Adam Parker has added some much needed bulk to the Japan pack. However, the Japanese will need to make sure they make the most of every opportunity if they are to improve on their World Cup record of just one win in 12 games.
Just as his more illustrious opponent Ian McGeechan of Scotland has decided to hang up the tracksuit, so Japan's head coach Shogo Mukai has said that Japan's last game in the tournament will be his last in charge of the national team.
"It is true. I have decided to leave after the Rugby World Cup because I need more time with my family," the former fullback said.
Mukai will obviously be hoping to sign off in style and along with other members of the Japan Rugby Football Union was putting on an optimistic front when the team arrived in Sydney on Monday.
"We're here with the aim to win all the games," he said, though he amended that by adding, "but if we could win one game that would be a success for Japanese rugby."
JRFU Chairman Noboru Mashimo explained that the Cherry Blossoms carried the hopes of an entire continent.
"The Japanese delegation is not only representing Japan, but Asia," Mashimo said. "This is our fifth World Cup and unfortunately we have not been that successful so far. But we come here with the spirit that we'll do our best and we hope to be successful."
And with the JRFU having put its hand up as being interested in hosting the 2011 tournament a good performance is needed in order show the organizers that Japan is indeed worthy of a place in future tournaments.
However to most observers their best is simply not going to be good enough.
Going into this year's event, Japan has won just two games out of 13 and it would be quite an achievement if it returns having improved on its World Cup record. Of the 12 games played to date Japan has won just one — a 52-8 victory over Zimbabwe in 1991.
The Japan team, which later Monday flew to its base in Townsville, will obviously be attuned to the heat and hard grounds of Northern Queensland but lack of experience against opposition of the likes of France and Scotland will surely negate any such advantage.
"Townsville is a very humid, hot place, and I think Japanese players may be more used to those conditions than some of the other teams," Mukai said. "We also have speed in our team and a game based on a mixture of running and passing that will help us."
However, running up cricket scores against the other rugby nations in Asia has probably held the team back. Although its performances in June and July were a marked step up from the awful way it started the year, there are many who feel Japan's relative isolation has caused far more damage than its lack of big bulky forwards.
Interestingly there is only one foreigner, Adam Parker, in the Japanese forwards. The other three foreigners in the team being flyhalf Andy Miller and centers Reuben Parkinson and George Konia.
Earlier this month the BBC reported that the Cherry Blossoms were hoping to field a team consisting solely of Japanese nationals for the 2007 World Cup.
But this was categorically denied by JRFU Secretary Koji Tokumasu on Tuesday.
"This is an absolutely false statement," he said. "No one on the JRFU has even discussed such a thing."
It would, however, be interesting to know whether they have discussed what would happen to the Top League fixtures slated for Nov. 8 should Japan advance to the quarterfinals on the same day.
Well, one can dream, can't one?


This stable, flashy, gorgeous and confident 9 month old puppy girl earned a 3 point Major at her very first dog show!!! Our Onyx girl was 90lbs, 26 inches tall at 9 months. Onyx is one of Ch. Kid Rock's most confident ever produced pups to include Onyx's sisters Ch. Nissan (Ch. Summit Enjoy the Ride Kuroi Kao), The 2004 A.C.A. National Specialty GRAND FUTURITY WINNER AT 9 MONTHS! and Ch Honda!
© Copyright 2001-2008, Summit Akitas.


text:
50 years since the inaugural flight of the first Cessna Citation 500
Download: Printable PDF Date: 17 Sep 2019 05:21 categories:
Dana Ermolenko
Country: United States Aircraft: Airplanes
Time to celebrate! 50 years since the inaugural flight of the first Cessna Citation 500!
Textron Aviation Citation family represents the most-popular line of business jets with more than 7,500 aircraft delivered worldwide amassing more than 35 million flight hours. These impressive machines are renowned for their ability to combine reliability, efficiency and comfort with advanced technology and class-leading performance.
"From that first Citation flight 50 years ago and through every Citation model produced since, our business jet programs are deeply rooted in the combined efforts of our employees, our suppliers and our customers," said Ron Draper, president and CEO of Textron Aviation. "Today's range of Citations – from the entry level Citation M2 up through the Citation Longitude – incorporates our unwavering commitment to value-added innovation, design and production excellence and unrivaled customer support."
A legacy of innovation
Launched in October 1968 as the Fanjet 500, the new business jet combined the company's expertise as the market leader in producing single and twin-engine general aviation aircraft with its proficiency in producing military jet aircraft. The prototype, rechristened Citation 500, made its first flight September 15, 1969 from the company's Wichita facility.
A hallmark of the company has always been responding to customer desires for more advanced operational capability and efficiency, and the Citation family quickly evolved with larger aircraft, more progressive technology and enhanced cabin comfort and productivity. That spirit of innovation continues today with more advanced design and production processes.
"The same vision that led to the creation of the original Citation 50 years ago still guides us today," Draper said. "We are building on our history as an industry leader and investing in the future to continue to exceed customer expectations."
A family of leadership
The Citation series of business jets has evolved to offer an unmatched range of capabilities, systems and options that allows customers to expand their business reach.
The current Citation business jet family consists of seven models with seating from 7 to 12 passengers. We've set the standard for the small jet market. The Cessna Citation M2 is transformed for 21st century operations, while the Citation CJ3+ and Citation CJ4 share the Model 500 design heritage. Cessna Citations continue to lead this segment, with over 5,000 light jets delivered worldwide, offering customers the broadest range of products on the market.
Textron Aviation's midsize business jet family includes the Citation XLS+, the Citation Sovereign+ and Citation Latitude, which is the industry's most delivered model in the category three years in a row. All offer transcontinental range, enhanced technology in the cabin and cockpit and superior performance.
Textron Aviation's newest innovation, the Citation Longitudea, is designed to elevate passenger expectations in the super-midsize class by delivering the quietest cabin, a lower cabin altitude (5,950 feet/1,814 meters), more standard features and a comfortable, bespoke interior. With seating for up to 12 passengers, including an optional crew jump seat, the Longitude features a stand-up, 6-foot tall flat-floor cabin with amenities that maximize in-flight productivity.
Loading comments for 50 years since the inaugural flight of the first Cessna Citation 500...
First engine on world largest and smartest aerospace Testbed - Rolls-Royce
Rolls-Royce has successfully completed the first engine run on its state-of-the-art Testbed 80, which will be the largest and smartest indoor aerospace testbed in the world when it is officially opene...
EHang to provide UAM services in Hengqin New Area in Zhuhai China
EHang announced strategic partnerships with Zhuhai Da Heng Qin Pan-Tourism Development Co., Ltd., Zhuhai Huafa Sports Operations Management Co., Ltd. and Flying World (Zhuhai) Technology Co., Ltd. to...
Following easyJet's recent offer of help to the UK Government, easyJet cabin crew are being recruited and fast tracked to support the NHS as part of the vital nationwide effort to distribute the...
Riga Airport closes the year with a drop of more than 74% in passenger numbers
Operational performance data show that Riga Airport handled only 2.01 million passengers in 2020 – 74.2% fewer than a year before. The majority or 57% of passengers handled i...


Steganography is the study of data hiding for the purpose of covert communication. A secret message is inserted into a cover file so that the very existence of the message is not apparent. Most current steganography algorithms insert data in the spatial or transform domains; common transforms include the discrete cosine transform, the discrete Fourier transform, and discrete wavelet transform. In this paper, we present a data-hiding algorithm that exploits a decomposition representation of the data instead of a frequency-based transformation of the data. The decomposition transform used is the singular value decomposition (SVD). The SVD of a matrix A is a decomposition A = USV T in which S is a nonnegative diagonal matrix and U and V are orthogonal matrices. We show how to use the orthogonal matrices in the SVD as a vessel in which to embed information. Several challenges were presented in order to accomplish this, and we give effective solutions to these problems. Preliminary results show that information-hiding using the SVD can be just as effective as using transform-based techniques. Furthermore, different problems arise when using the SVD than using a transform-based technique. We have applied the SVD to image data, but the technique can be formulated for other data types such as audio and video.
This article is from Proceedings of SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering 5681, Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VII: 619. Posted with permission.
Bergman, Clifford and Davidson, Jennifer, "Unitary Embedding for Data Hiding with the SVD" (2005). Mathematics Publications. 4.


65-3424e. Same; failure to pay tax; penalties. (a) If any person fails to pay taxes when required by K.S.A. 65-3424d, there shall be added to the unpaid balance of the fees interest at the rate per month prescribed by subsection (a) of K.S.A. 79-2968 and amendments thereto from the date taxes were due until paid.
(b) If any person due to negligence or intentional disregard fails to file a report or pay the taxes due at the time required by or under the provisions of K.S.A. 65-3424d, there shall be added to the tax a penalty in an amount equal to 10% of the unpaid balance of taxes due.
(c) If any person fails to make a report, or to pay any taxes, within 60 days from the date the report or taxes were due, except in the case of an extension of time granted by the secretary of revenue, there shall be added to the taxes due a penalty equal to 25% of the amount of such tax.
(d) If any person, with fraudulent intent, fails to pay any tax or make, render or sign any report, or to supply any information, within the time required by or under the provisions of K.S.A. 65-3424d, there shall be added to the tax a penalty in an amount equal to 50% of the unpaid balance of the tax due.
(e) Penalty or interest applied under the provisions of subsections (a) and (d) shall be in addition to the penalty added under any other provisions of this section, but the provisions of subsections (b) and (c) shall be mutually exclusive of each other.
(f) Whenever, in the judgment of the secretary of revenue, the failure of a person to comply with the provisions of subsection (b) or (c) was due to reasonable causes and not willful neglect, the secretary of revenue may waive or reduce any of the penalties upon making a record of the reasons therefor.
(g) In addition to all other penalties provided by this section, any person who willfully fails to make a report or to pay over any tax imposed under K.S.A. 65-3424d, who makes a false or fraudulent report, who fails to keep any books or records necessary to determine the accuracy of the person's reports, who willfully violates any rules and regulations of the secretary of revenue for the enforcement and administration of the provisions of K.S.A. 65-3424d or this section, who aids and abets another in attempting to evade the payment of any tax imposed by K.S.A. 65-3424d or who violates any other provision of K.S.A. 65-3424d or this section shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not less than $100 nor more than $1,000, or be imprisoned in the county jail not less than one month nor more than six months, or be both so fined and imprisoned, in the discretion of the court.
History: L. 1990, ch. 319, § 6; July 1.


This week has been busy partly because I had an assignment in and other uni work, and partly because it was the last week of term before Christmas wooo!!
So Monday night my house mates and I went out for dinner and then to a local club to celebrate last week of term and Christmas and all that jazz! We decided to go to Vodka Revs for dinner BIG MISTAKE! There was another shindig upstairs with 100 people, which meant our choice from the menu was very limited and also it took them an hour to get 5 pizzas out to us! But whilst we waited we enjoyed half price cocktails.
I wore a New Look dress which I bought in first year which is black with a lace top and sleeves, I recently bought a really cute beaded collar from Topshop which I put on to jazz the dress up and make it look a little bit different. I also wore my new boots which are from New Look and were £17.99 with student discount!! I love them, however wearing them out means they are now dirty which you will see in the photos!! Thursday night I went out again and wore a dress I bought from a charity shop in the summer which cost me £12 I think! I wore this with my secret Santa prezzie which was a skull necklace from http://www.regalrose.co.uk/ which I LOVE!
My hair is covering the Topshop collar!
My lovely mum looking very glamorous!
I love that skull necklace you got. And you and your mom both look very chic!
You look gorgeous in that tight black, lace dress!
Hahaha oh my god, I'm the exact same I'm sitting with my revision stuff out but every time someone leaves a comment I'm like OOOH and then go read their blog instead...oops. love these necklaces, so into collars right now!


Cleerline must issue a Return Authorization Number, (RMA #) before any product may be returned. Contact Cleerline Support for more information.
Products subject to warranty replacement or repair require the item's serial number and proof of purchase to accompany the unit. Proof of purchase must show the date of purchase. Products manufactured by certain vendors may require the customer to contact the manufacturer's Customer Support directly prior to an RMA being issued. Please contact Cleerline Support for more information.
Any product sent in without a Return Authorization Number may be, at Cleerline's discretion, returned in the same manner and condition as it was received, without prior notification.
All Return Authorizations must be received within 45 days of the date the RA Number was issued.
Items returned in condition other than "as-new" may be subject to a restocking fee or refused at Cleerline's discretion. Cleerline may refuse to accept any packages with visible signs of shipping damage.
Upon receipt of the items, Cleerline will issue a credit to the customer's account.


Anniversaries are always good opportunities for new ground-breaking announcements. That's what happened at this year's ICE conference just a few weeks ago, where GSA was celebrating its 20th birthday. During their presentation, Gaming Standards Association (GSA) announced the creation of a new committee dedicated to assessing the usage of blockchain in gaming.
This Blockchain Technical Committee, as they call it, is there to see how the blockchain technology could be used in the gaming industry. This includes increasing transparency in the industry and making data sharing safer and more efficient. As various companies start using blockchain, a need arises for certain standards of its usage to be set in place. That's where the new Committee will come along, though it will also research new possible uses of the technology available.
Originally created as an open online ledger for transactions in Bitcoin, blockchain is a technology that can do much more. It allows data sharing like no other technology could ever before. It's being sustained by the community of its users, requiring no supervision from a centralizing superior. At the same time, it provides open access to the information about all the transactions made.
The gaming industry could benefit from blockchain in increasing the clarity of transactions and, as a result, regulating the businesses. It can also help gaming and especially online gambling with meeting the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requirements. It could be a big step in making online gambling business practices fairer and globally trusted. Plus, it might also provide a solution to prevent money laundering in the industry.
The new committee is formed by the members of Gaming Standards Association, which has grown into a huge organization in 20 years. Their board of members includes 190 companies with a total of over 1,600 volunteers. They have already created 15 standards in nine committees. All of them were born out of widely recognized needs for common standards, which suggests just how important the current committee is.
Regulators and those interested in transparency could win the most from the usage of blockchain. Indirectly, this also applies to developers, providers and operators because increased safety could easily boost the industry to new heights. The more people use their products and their services, the larger their gain becomes. But what about the end-user? Where does this leave you?
As a customer in the gambling industry, you should also look forward to the work of Blockchain Technical Committee. Gaming Standards Association has proved more than once that such solutions can benefit everyone in the industry, including the customer. A safer environment in gambling is what you will be the first to experience directly.
If our expectations aren't too high, with the help of blockchain the committee should be able to decrease money laundering and similar practices. At the same time, it might help with unfair practices employed by the operators themselves. If anything, end-user is the greatest concern here since regulators are there to help you in the first place. So, we'll follow the progress of Gaming Standards Association and keep you up to date in the near future.
According to Tomas, every day is a new opportunity to make the world a better place. That's what he aims to do by helping all the online casino players out there. He combines his creativity and analytical mindset to analyze the complexities of the gambling world and present it all in a nutshell. He deals with all kinds of topics from mobile depositing to game strategies and you can expect many valuable tips in his texts. Sharing is caring, as he wholeheartedly believes.


Last year my mum decided to finally purchase a camper van, although she had always wanted a VW 60s split screen camper those things cost a small fortune. Instead, she bought a gorgeous VW T5 which had the back converted to a camper. I had been wanting to venture out camping in it since the day she picked it up, and so we decided to go to France for the May bank holiday. I've never really been camping; as a kid I was lucky enough to get holidays abroad in Spain and Greece, so I missed out on the whole caravanning in the south coast or camp site holidays in France. I am by no means complaining, I know I was lucky enough to get to see the places I did, however I find myself now wanting those experiences.
For my birthday last year I went to Calais for 2 days, but we didn't have much time to check out the local area so we decided to camp near to Calais and found a gorgeous camp site called Camping La Bien Assise not far away in the small village of Guines. Originally we had wanted to go to this alan rogers camping site, because our friends had recommended it after they'd enjoyed a weekend away. Before we could even set off on the trip we had a lot of preparing to do – driving in a different country isn't just confusing it can also be a minefield in terms of the different laws. In France, for example, you have to have certain items in your vehicle by law, items such as a hi-vis jacket, hazard triangle and even a breathalyzer kit! Not only that but you have to make sure your car/van is up to the job – do you really want to break down or have issues whilst driving along a country road in a foreign country? It's best to check you have things like all season tyres, an oil check and whatever spares you might need.
So, after a very early start on the Saturday morning, and a fraught time trying to place the beam converters on the van (something else that's a requirement for a UK vechicle travelling in Europe), it was time for the drive down to the Euro Tunnel after picking Sammie up on the way. My mum is petrified of water so we decided to give the ferry a miss this time & opt for the tunnel; she was going to be stressed enough with the thought of foreign road driving. On the way down we made plans on how in God's name the three of us were gonna set the awning up (the tent attached to the side of the van) and also how we were going to spend our next few days. The Euro Tunnel was a strange affair, it's like being on a train but not on a train, and a few times I had the thought of 'what if the water gets too heavy and break through the tunnel'… I never said I was a smart cookie. Once we arrived in France it was panic stations all over; my mum has been driving years and is a car buff so she's a very confident driver, however as soon as we set off the nerves kicked in as the inbuilt sat nav was being temperamental and wouldn't pick us up as been in France. So it was down to me, the non-driver to use Google Maps on the phone & become a walking talking sat nav. My first rookie mistake was to say 'take the third exit off the roundabout' when it actual fact it's the first exit as you're reading it right, not left. Despite this we managed to make it to the campsite in one piece. Camping Le Bien Assise is a beautiful campsite, and the staff there could not have been more helpful – they had put us close to the bathrooms haha. It's a large site with a heated pool, on site bar, snack bar, pub and restaurant. It's set in the most beautiful surroundings too, very green and well kept. After setting the awning up with not much bother at all it was time to relax… And by relax I mean break out the cheese, crackers and prosecco.
That night our first sleeping disaster arose… I had bought myself and Sammie self-inflating beds for the trip, and happily twisted the cap to let them inflate. But, I am nothing if not an idiot, so I forgot to close the caps before we got in to bed, thus the deflation began and we were basically sleeping on the lumpy ground all night.
The following day we planned to go to Calais for the afternoon, potter around the shops then have some food and drink. So in the morning I decided to have a proper little wander around the camp grounds. There is a beautiful stately looking home just off the side of the campsite, which actually looks attached, and once round the back there's beautiful streams, farm animals and greenery as far as the eye can see. I definitely want to return to the area and have more time to explore, as there's also a little village just down the road. Like all good plans, ours went awry when we figured out it was going to cost €40 for a taxi in to Calais (it's only a 15 minute drive), luckily we just managed to catch a bus so we were saved. Or so we thought. Once we got to Calais it suddenly became apparent that everywhere was shut, shopping wise. Apparently the town more or less closes down on Sundays, so instead of looking in lots of little shops, we decided to grab some food and a few carafes of wine (which at €5 a pop it would have been rude not to). Once night time feel and it was time for bed it had started raining pretty badly, and as you can see from the picture of our set up the awning floor wasn't attached, thus came our second sleeping disaster.
Before we went to sleep we (drunkenly) made sure there was no ground sheet hanging out of the awning parameters, so that no rain could gather in it. But it did. On my side. I woke up about 1am as my feet were cold, turns out the bottom of the ground sheet escaped and a puddle was a puddling at my feet. This has then soaked my mattress, which soaked my sleeping bag and then soaked through to the duvet I had over me… It had also soaked up to about knee height by this point. It had also creeped over to Sammies's side and she woke up too, from then we just burst out laughing & wondered if we could sleep in the disabled shower block for the night as it was heated. Come morning time we were both convinced we had trench foot, and the rain had basically soaked all but 1 foot of my bedding. Fun times.
Monday was our last full day and we were set to go to Cite Europe shopping centre to raid Sephora, but it was a bank holiday and apparently the French close ERRTHINGGGG on bank holidays, as we found out when we pulled up to park. Another 'disaster day', so instead we drove in to Belgium for an hour and picked up some alcohol… If you can't shop, then drink. The weather was pitiful too, so it wasn't like we could go off and explore, as one moment it was glorious sun then the next torrential downpour.
A little bit of a disaster trip but I enjoyed every trench-footed-nothing-even open second of it. Oh, and to add insult to injury on our way back to the Euro Tunnel to return home we were parked right next to the bloody shopping centre & Sephora was within touching distance… It was just not meant to be. We do plan to go back at the end of August, so hopefully there's no French bank holidays that week.
Have you ever had trench foot? Joking… Have you ever had a holiday where nothing has gone to plan, but it was still amazing?


New York Fashion Week in September is always a big event that I look forward to working doing makeup and attending as media/press writing beauty articles.
Commuting on Metro North Train for 2 hours from Connecticut, going from show to show pulling a 95 lbs makeup kit and standing for many hours it can take a toll on any healthy person. Imagine living with Lupus, it's a little harder but I have master secrets that keep me able to work without any challenges that my peers and the models doesn't know I have an auto-immune. So that I can continue to beat a face here are my secret tools to keep me looking fabulous as well as do beautiful artistry.
2. I'm also a fan of essential oil blend from Tata Harper Skincare to use on my pulse points. "On days when I'm really pushing myself, I put the treatment in the palm of my hands, rub them together to heat up the oils, and then I take a few deep breaths. It's wonderful.
4. Makeup brushes that I enjoy using doing New York Fashion Week are from Royal and Langnickel. Not only do they have quality brushes, their collections of brushes feels good in my hands when I'm creating magic.
5. My major secret has been CBD FX Tincture Hemp Oil. When I take 5-10 drops a day I'm pain free. No body aches and no inflammation, and on a stressful day I'm feeling relaxed backstage while everyone else is running stressed out.
6. Of course my makeup kit is packed with Entitled Beauty cosmetics, a luxurious mineral makeup line that's owned by myself and my business Johnny Luoma. But I also wear my own collection (All Nighter Lipsticks, Glamxurious Lipgloss, & Spotlight Highlighters) as much as possible so that I don't have any flare up's.


text:
Praising the Past
Publisher's Point
The Middle Passage
POGHEP Changes Women's Lives/Associate Passes Bar Exam
October 11 – October 24, 2018
Ebrima Jallow passes the Gambian bar and hopes to continue to help his community, including the women, press forward.
One of the unintended consequences of the Bakindik Youth Development Association's (BYDA) success has been that "married women now see their children continuing to benefit from school and see prospects of them benefiting personally, thus they break the cultural barriers and find time within their busy schedules to participate in our activities," stated BYDA president Ebrima Jallow, who just passed the Gambian Bar Exam.
Jallow explained that married women traditionally do not mingle with single men and ladies, and they are often too busy conducting their chores to participate in BYDA projects. However, with the support of Port Of Harlem magazine readers through the Port Of Harlem Gambian Education Partnership, they have had more successful projects and that have led to a noticeable increase in the participation of married women.
Since 2017, POHGEP has fully or co-funded most of their projects that required funds including $100 to buy school supplies for about 50 students who did well academically. In Bakindik, students like Jallow yearn to excel without the benefits of electricity. And, "the children have access to just a few books provided by the government to use during school hours," added Jallow.
The lack of having books is changing now, too. POHGEP has provided 162 new, age appropriate books and funds to start a library in one of the local schools and provides used clothing for the group to sell to raise funds for their other projects.
Having passed the bar, Jallow will now have to complete a "pupilage" for a year before being able to practice law as an apprentice for another three years with a lawyer who has been a member of the bar for at least ten years before being able to practice law on his own. He is currently a court clerk for the Judiciary of The Gambia.
Despite his work and family duties, Jallow says he has no thoughts of abandoning the group in his home village. "My community helped me to be who I am today and giving back to my community is a passion and a duty to me," he says.
However, challenges remain. One of the biggest challenges for BYDA remains the ability to raise funds for their projects. Nevertheless, Jallow sees his progress as personal and communal. He added that his career advancement places him in "a better position to move BYDA to a higher ground."
Advertisers | Contact Us | Events | Links | Media Kit | Our Company | Payments Pier
Press Room | Print Cover Stories Archives | Electronic Issues Archives | Writer's Guidelines


nThe Soul Urge or as it is sometimes called, the heart's desire, is an important core influence in numerology. However, the Soul Urge falls well below the Lifepath (the birth date number) and Destiny (the full birth name) numbers in importance, because this is a number that you don't expose overtly to those around you. It is your inner cravings, likes and dislikes, which are usually kept rather private. This number denotes what you value most regardless of Life Path (what you are from birth) and expression (what you will become in life). This influence suggests the nature that drives you in your daily life. Satisfying the demands of the Soul Urge will give you a sense of inner peace and contentment.
* A "Y "is also a vowel when there is no other vowel in a syllable (Lynn or Carolyn) and when it is preceded by a vowel and sounded as one sound (Hayden). A "W" is treated as a vowels when it is preceded by a vowel and produces a single sound, as in such names and Bradshaw.
Master numbers 11 and 22 should be considered as 2 and 4, respectively.


text:
The latest thinking from our insatiably curious Frameworkers.
Why marketers must fight for equality of representation
Matilda Duffecy
Here at The Frameworks, much of our work involves advising brands on the types of messages they share with the world and the way they engage with audiences. It's safe to say that branding and advertising are pretty good measures of the cultural status quo, and can also be incredibly influential social forces. So, when a new client brief lands on our desks, representation is always front of mind.
Reactive marketing: why timing is everything
What do Sainsbury's and Beyoncé have in common? Until recently, not very much. But, thanks to a stroke of reactive marketing genius, this unlikely association brought Sainsbury's a surge of engagement on social media. What can marketers learn from it in order to capitalise on other brands' publicity, turn a PR disaster into a PR triumph or score serious engagement from a single post? One thing is clear: when it comes to reactive marketing, fortune favours the fast.
Our five favourite ads from Super Bowl 2020
Sunday 2 February 2020 marked a pretty big day in the advertising (and sporting) calendar. As in previous years, this year's Super Bowl mainly had us talking about the things that happened between key events on the field. With the cost of a 30-second TV ad reaching $5.6 million, the standard for creative output is notoriously high.
Secrets of success: how to get ahead in a creative career (part 2)
More advice from Frameworkers as they reflect on the things they wish they'd known before starting out in their careers.
Harnessing the power of social media for good in times of crisis
Australia has gone from sunburnt to fire-scorched in a matter of months. The frightening impact of fires so furious they generate their own weather conditions has included the startling loss of animal life (it's estimated that up to a billion animals have died) and utter devastation to homes and property, livelihoods and any dreams of a future unscathed by climate change.
We love visitors at The Frameworks, and we're always pleased to welcome people to our London studio (not only so we can show off our amazing view). Recently, we had a visitor who made an impact on all of us. A graduate who has worked hard to get through university and was keen to glean some advice on the reality of breaking into – and sustaining – a career.
Too much story. Not enough telling.
Ben Bush
A great deal of virtual ink has been expended over the past decade or so on the theme of storytelling in marketing. And it's easy to see why the idea is so appealing.
Which women inspire you?
The Frameworks
Today, we're celebrating some of the inspirational women in our lives. Women who have inspired us creatively and professionally. At home and at work. Women who have played a part in shaping who we are – and continue to influence how we look at the world. Today is International Women's Day.


text:
Home ▶ Vol 16, No 1 (2015) ▶	Lochan
Harsha Lochan1,2
Preneshni Naicker3,4
Tsidiso Maphanga5
Anthea Ryan3,4
Komala Pillay6,7
Nelesh P. Govender5
Brian Eley1,2
1Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, South Africa
2Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
3National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa
4Division of Clinical Microbiology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
5National Institute for Communicable Diseases: Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa
6Department of Anatomical Pathology, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, South Africa
7Division of Anatomical Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Brian Eley
brian.eley@uct.ac.za
Received: 18 Nov. 2014
Accepted: 10 Apr. 2015
Lochan H, Naicker P, Maphanga T. et al. A case of emmonsiosis in an HIV-infected child. S Afr J HIV Med. 2015;16(1), Art. #352, 4 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v16i1.352
© 2015. The Author(s). Licensee: AOSIS OpenJournals.
A case of emmonsiosis in an HIV-infected child
In This Case Report...
• Case report
• Conclusion
Opportunistic fungal infections can cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. We describe a paediatric case of an unusual disseminated fungal infection. A three-year-old HIV-infected child with severe immunosuppression (CD4+ T-cell count 12 × 106/L) was admitted to hospital with pneumonia, gastroenteritis and herpes gingivostomatitis. Despite antibacterial and antiviral therapy, he experienced high fevers and developed an erythematous maculopapular rash and abdominal tenderness. The child's condition progressively worsened during the admission. A thermally dimorphic fungus was cultured from bone marrow and identified as an Emmonsia species on DNA sequencing. The patient made a good recovery on amphotericin B deoxycholate and antiretroviral therapy. Itraconazole was continued for a minimum of 12 months, allowing for immune reconstitution to occur. This case is the first documented description of disseminated disease caused by a novel Emmonsia species in an HIV-infected child in South Africa.
Opportunistic fungal infections can cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. The diagnosis and treatment of these infections may be challenging.1,2 The manifestation of invasive fungal infection (IFI) is determined by numerous factors including the virulence of the fungal species, the adequacy of host immune responses, the size of the inoculum inhaled or disruption of mucosal barriers. Individuals at risk for IFIs include those who have received transplants, immunosuppressive therapy or chemotherapy for neoplastic diseases; HIV-infected patients; premature infants; and individuals with defects in neutrophil, monocyte, T-lymphocyte or B-lymphocyte function.3 In the present report, we describe an unusual disseminated fungal infection caused by a novel Emmonsia species in an HIV-infected child.
A 3-year-old boy was admitted to Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, with acute gastroenteritis, pneumonia and herpes gingivostomatitis. Six months earlier, HIV infection was diagnosed at a primary health care clinic. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was not initiated despite it being indicated for such patients by the South African ART guidelines. He was stunted (height 85 cm, height–age z-score – 3) but not wasted (weight 12.6 kg, weight-for-height z-score +1 [2006 WHO Child Growth Standards]). Blood results on admission showed a normocytic anaemia (haemoglobin 6.8 g/dL, reference range 10.7–13.1) and leucopaenia (white cell count [WCC] 2.71 × 109/L, reference range 6–18). The differential WCC showed that neutropaenia (1.22 × 109/L, reference range 2–5.5) and lymphopaenia (1.49 × 109/L, reference range 3.6–12) were present. A chest radiograph showed features of a bilateral pneumonia (Figure 1), for which he was commenced on ampicillin and gentamicin, and acyclovir, for the pneumonia and herpes gingivostomatitis, respectively. No supplemental oxygen therapy was required at admission and empiric treatment for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia was not initiated. However, cotrimoxazole prophylaxis was commenced on admission.
FIGURE 1: Chest radiograph on admission, with features of bilateral pneumonia.
He experienced high fevers, peaking at 40 °C. On day 6 of admission, he developed diffuse abdominal tenderness and a generalised erythematous maculopapular exanthem. Liver function tests (LFTs) showed normal total bilirubin (2 µmol/L, ref. range 0–21) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP 268 U/L, ref. range 104–345) concentrations, and elevated γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT 120 U/L, ref. range 3–22), alanine transaminase (ALT 223 U/L, ref. range 5–30) and aspartate transaminase (AST 1304 U/L, ref. range 0–56) concentrations. The C-reactive protein (CRP) was 58.2 mg/L (reference range 0.1–7.5). Owing to the persistent fever, antimicrobial therapy was changed to ertapenem and fluconazole for presumed hospital-acquired infection. There was no growth on blood culture after 5 days of incubation, and a urine culture yielded mixed bacterial growth. Tuberculin skin testing (Mantoux method) and Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) on induced sputum specimens were negative. Two days later, he had generalised tonic clonic seizures for which he received an intravenous loading dose of phenobarbitone. The antibiotic was empirically changed to meropenem for possible hospital-acquired meningitis. A cerebrospinal fluid specimen was bloodstained but there was no bacterial growth, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for entero- and herpesviruses were negative.
The fever and maculopapular rash persisted. Repeat CRP (88.4 mg/L), procalcitonin (5.3 µg/L, reference range 0.0–0.5), ferritin (91 705 µg/L, reference range 20–200) and triglyceride concentrations (4.7 mmol/L, reference range 0.3–1.1) were elevated. The differential diagnosis included haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), disseminated tuberculosis and invasive fungal infection. The patient subsequently developed respiratory distress requiring supplemental nasal prong oxygen therapy. Repeat chest radiography was unchanged from admission with features not suggestive of tuberculosis or fungal infection. He was given packed red blood cell, platelet and cryoprecipitate transfusions for severe anaemia (Hb 5.6 g/dL), thrombocytopaenia (platelet count 52 × 109/L) and hypofibrinogenaemia (fibrinogen concentration 1.0 g/L, reference range 1.7 g/L – 4.0 g/L), respectively.
Skin and bone marrow biopsies were performed on day 10 in hospital. Skin histology showed extensive karyorrhexis and numerous dermal histiocytes containing cytoplasmic small fungal organisms. Grocott and Periodic acid–Schiff stains were positive and suggestive of dermal histoplasmosis (Figure 2). Skin culture did not grow fungi or mycobacteria. Bone marrow histology revealed histiocytosis and haemophagocytosis consistent with a diagnosis of HLH. Fungal stains showed scanty structures 1.5 µm × 2.5 µm in diameter and morphologically compatible with Histoplasma capsulatum. A diagnosis of disseminated fungal infection with secondary HLH was made and intravenous amphotericin B deoxycholate 1 mg/kg/day commenced 14 days later.
FIGURE 2: Skin histology biopsy demonstrating fungal elements measuring 1.5 μm × 2.5 μm using (a) Periodic acid-Schiff and (b) Grocott methenamine silver stains.
Culture of the bone marrow aspirate in a BACTEC MycoF/lytic bottle (Becton Dickinson, New Jersey) flagged positive after 17.6 days of incubation, and small yeasts were seen on Gram stain. The isolate was submitted to the National Institute for Communicable Diseases for further identification. The fungus was converted from the mycelial to yeast phase on brain heart infusion agar with 5% sheep blood (Diagnostic Media Products, Sandringham) at 35 °C and morphologically characterised based on DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the isolate's ribosomal gene. The isolate was identified as the thermally dimorphic fungus Emmonsia species. The DNA sequence was the same as those of previously described isolates of a novel Emmonsia species. An investigational urine Histoplasma antigen test (ImmunoMycologics, Norman, OK) was negative.
ART, comprising abacavir, lamivudine and efavirenz, was commenced 3 days before amphotericin B was started. The LFT concentrations had marginally improved at this stage with an ALT of 156 U/L, AST 560 U/L and GGT 102 U/L. The baseline CD4+ T-cell count (percentage) was 12 × 106/L (0.45%) and HIV-1 viral load 2 149 305 RNA copies/mL. After ART and amphotericin B were commenced, he made a remarkable recovery. Within 3 days, supplemental oxygen was discontinued and, after 5 days, the skin lesions and fever had resolved. The abdominal tenderness and abnormal LFTs resolved on day 11 and 12 of amphotericin B, respectively.
Daily amphotericin B was continued for 6 weeks via a central venous catheter. Adverse effects were minimised through pre-emptive hydration before amphotericin B infusions, close monitoring of renal function, potassium and magnesium concentrations and, where necessary, electrolyte replacement. Itraconazole 100 mg daily orally was commenced once amphotericin B had been discontinued. Because of its potential for reducing the bioavailability of itraconazole, efavirenz was replaced with a lopinavir/ritonavir co-formulation. Six months after commencing ART, the patient was well, virologically suppressed (HIV-1 viral load < 40 RNA copies/mL), had a CD4+ T-cell (percentage) of 884 × 106 cells/L (17.9%) and normal LFTs. At last evaluation, there was no clinical evidence of active fungal infection. The intention is to maintain him on itraconazole for a minimum of 12 months and until his CD4 count reaches 25%, before considering discontinuation of antifungal therapy.
Emmonsia species, a group of dimorphic fungi, are found in soil, and some species can cause pulmonary infection in rodents.4 The genus currently contains three species, namely Emmonsia crescens, Emmonsia parva and Emmonsia pasteuriana. Infection caused by Emmonsia species has been described in HIV-uninfected adults and one child. The infections were caused by E. crescens and E. parva, resulting in predominantly pulmonary adiaspiromycosis and occasional cutaneous manifestations.4,5,6,7 More recently, invasive infection caused by a new species of Emmonsia closely related to E. pasteuriana was documented in 13 HIV-infected adults with advanced HIV disease in South Africa.8 Our case is the first description of disseminated disease caused by this new Emmonsia species in an HIV-infected child.
All 13 adult patients presented with very low CD4+ T-cell counts, anaemia and widespread skin lesions. The skin manifestations ranged from erythematous papules to plaques and ulcers. Twelve had a documented fever and 8 of 9 who underwent LFTs had deranged liver enzymes, suggesting hepatic involvement. Our patient similarly developed severe immune suppression, anaemia, an erythematous papular eruption and deranged LFTs, and in addition had neutropaenia and lymphopaenia. In that series, the original histological diagnosis on skin biopsy samples morphologically resembled H. capsulatum. On gene sequencing, the fungus was identified as belonging to the genus Emmonsia.8 Not all fungi require molecular diagnosis. However, Emmonsia species is difficult to diagnose by morphological appearance alone, necessitating molecular confirmation. The role of the Beta D Glucan assay in the diagnosis of emmonsiosis is currently not known. The assay is likely to be elevated but, as it detects most common fungi, is unlikely to be specific for Emmonsia species.
Our patient was empirically commenced on fluconazole during the course of his clinical deterioration. Fluconazole is less active than itraconazole against dimorphic fungi especially histoplasmosis, probably explaining the lack of clinical response until amphotericin B deoxycholate was commenced.9,10 Currently there are no treatment guidelines for HIV-associated disseminated Emmonsia infection. Our regimen of amphotericin B deoxycholate followed by maintenance itraconazole therapy was extrapolated from treatment guidelines for other dimorphic fungal infections.11 Duration of therapy depends on the extent of the disease. As our patient had disseminated fungal infection with severe immunosuppression, we elected to follow recommendations for treating disseminated histoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients. Lifelong antifungal prophylaxis may not be required in our patient because he has already had a good immunological response.12
Itraconazole is metabolised by the cytochrome P450 C3A4 enzyme. This pathway is also responsible for the metabolism of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNRTI) class of antiretroviral drugs. Theoretically, levels of either the itraconazole or NNRTI could be affected. There is a paucity of literature describing the drug–drug interactions between itraconazole and the NNRTIs. A case report of an HIV-infected male patient with disseminated Histoplasma infection demonstrated reduced levels of itraconazole and an increase in the urine Histoplasma antigen level while he was receiving efavirenz. After switching to a protease inhibitor, the serum drug levels of itraconazole increased and the urine Histoplasma antigen levels declined.13 Drug levels of itraconazole were not monitored in the case described because the test is not available in South Africa.
The recently published case series and the present case report confirm that emmonsiosis occurs among both HIV-infected adults and children in South Africa.8 Prolonged incubation (up to 6 weeks) of the fungal culture may be necessary for the diagnosis. This infection should be considered in immunocompromised patients presenting with persistent fever and other clinical features suggestive of IFI.
The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationships which may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article.
H.L. (Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital), B.E. (Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital), N.P.G. (National Health Laboratory Service) and P.N. (Groote Schuur Hospital) reviewed, contributed to and approved the final submitted manuscript. K.P. (Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital) was involved in assessing the skin histology and preparation of the slides featured in the report. P.N. and A.R. (Groote Schuur Hospital) were responsible for the microbiological diagnosis. N.P.G. and T.M. (National Health Laboratory Service) carried out the molecular analysis for the final diagnosis.
Mofenson LM, Brady MT, Danner SP, et al. Guideline for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections among HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children. Centre for Diseases Control Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report. 2009;58.
Armstrong-James D, Meintjies G, Brown GD. A neglected epidemic: Fungal infections in HIV/AIDS. Trends in Microbiol. 2014;22:120–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2014.01.001
Guarner J, Brandt ME. Histopathological diagnosis of fungal infections in the 21st century. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2011;24:247–280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00053-10
Anstead GM, Sutton DA, Graybill GR. Adiaspiromycosis causing respiratory failure and a review of human infections due to Emmonsia and Chrysosporium spp. J Clin Microb. 2012;50:1346–1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00226-11
Dot J-M, Debourgogne A, Champigneulle J, et al. Molecular diagnosis of disseminated adiaspiromycosis due to Emmonsia crescens. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:1269–1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01885-08
Nuorva K, Pitkänen R, Issakainen J, Huttunen N-P, Juhola M. Pulmonary adiaspiromycosis in a two year old. J Clin Pathol. 1997;50:82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.50.1.82
Pelegrìn I, Ayats J, Xiol X, et al. Disseminated adiaspiromycosis: case report of a liver transplant patient with human immunodeficiency infection, and literature review. Transpl Infect Dis. 2011;13:507–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3062.2011.00611
Kenyon C, Bonorchis K, Corcoran C, et al. A dimorphic fungus causing disseminated infection in South Africa. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:1416–1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1215460
Wheat, LJ, MaWhinney S, Hafner R, et al. Treatment of histoplasmosis with fluconazole in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Med. 1997;103:223–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(97)00151-4
Wheat LJ, Connolly P, Smedema M, et al. Emergence of resistance to fluconazole as a cause of failure during treatment of histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome. Clin Infec Dis. 2001;33:1910–1913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/323781
Wheat LJ, Freifeld AG, Kleiman MB, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis: 2007 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:807–825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/521259
Goldman M, Zackin R, Fichtenbaum CJ, et al. Safety of discontinuation of maintenance therapy for disseminated histoplasmosis after immunological response to antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:1485–1459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/420749
Hoonmo LK, Hamill RJ, Andrade RA. Drug–drug interaction between itraconazole and efavirenz in a patient with AIDS and disseminated histoplasmosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:e77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/520978