In this addition to Ben's series of lessons on D3, you'll explore the use of color scales in your D3 charts.
Ben: Just to show the true power of D3 scales and how integral they are to making yourself proficient with D3, we're going to do one more thing here that shows how they can really just interpolate any values that are possible to be interpolated.
We've removed the color of our bar in the style sheet, put our number of bars down to a more reasonable 75 here. What we're going to do next is we're actually going to copy our Y scale and we're going to change it into a color scale. We just change the name there. We're still using D3 scale linear.
Instead of the domain being zero and the actual number, we're actually going to just have it be the max itself and zero. Then our range, instead of using the height of our chart as the range, we're actually just going to give it the names of a couple of colors. We're going to say orange and purple there, because I'm a horrible designer. We're going to get rid of that, we don't need that anymore.
Here, we're actually going to do something, a nice little trick that I actually just learned myself recently, which is that if you're just going to do something like this where you just define a function, pass in the datum, and then return that datum past to a scale. There's actually a shorthand for that, which is just to pass in the scale itself.
Now you can see that our bars are colored according to their value. Where their value falls between zero and the maximum number in the dataset, their fill is going to be set as an interpolated value between orange and purple. You can see that the very smallest values here are orange and the very tallest values are purple.
You can, obviously, change that. You want it to go from yellow to purple. It looks like we've lost our debugging here for some reason. There we go. Yellow to purple there, and you want to change it, make it yellow to green. You can see there, the possibilities are pretty simple.
Just to show that this shorthand is the same functionality as this, I'm just going to copy this, replace it there, and then throw it back in our color scale. You can see it's the same output if you're doing color scale, the datum pass end. You can just pass end the scale without even writing this function, which is pretty nice.
Just to show another option here, if you were to pass in the index and you get the...the problem here, why everything's yellow. We need to change our domain. We're actually not worried about the domain of the data itself this time. In this case, we're actually just interested in the length of the dataset.
Since we're using its position within there, if we change the domain to be from zero to the number at all events, then the position within that dataset is going to determine which of those colors that we get assigned.
Now you can see a nice progression from yellow to green, just based on position.


text:
package fake

import (
	"path"

	kftypes "github.com/kubeflow/kfctl/v3/pkg/apis/apps"
	gcpFake "github.com/kubeflow/kfctl/v3/pkg/kfapp/gcp/fake"
	"github.com/kubeflow/kfctl/v3/pkg/kfconfig"
	kfloaders "github.com/kubeflow/kfctl/v3/pkg/kfconfig/loaders"
)

type FakeCoordinator struct {
	KfDef   *kfconfig.KfConfig
	Plugins map[string]kftypes.KfApp
}

func (f *FakeCoordinator) Apply(resources kftypes.ResourceEnum) error {
	return nil
}

func (f *FakeCoordinator) Delete(resources kftypes.ResourceEnum) error {
	return nil
}

func (f *FakeCoordinator) Dump(resources kftypes.ResourceEnum) error {
	return nil
}

func (f *FakeCoordinator) Generate(resources kftypes.ResourceEnum) error {
	return nil
}

func (f *FakeCoordinator) Init(resources kftypes.ResourceEnum) error {
	return nil
}

func (f *FakeCoordinator) GetKfDef() *kfconfig.KfConfig {
	return f.KfDef
}

func (f *FakeCoordinator) GetPlugin(name string) (kftypes.KfApp, bool) {
	a, ok := f.Plugins[name]
	return a, ok
}

type FakeBuilder struct {
}

func (b *FakeBuilder) CreateKfAppCfgFile(def *kfconfig.KfConfig) (string, error) {
	return path.Join(def.Spec.AppDir, kftypes.KfConfigFile), nil
}

func (b *FakeBuilder) LoadKfAppCfgFile(cfgFile string) (kftypes.KfApp, error) {
	d, err := kfloaders.LoadConfigFromURI(cfgFile)

	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	f := &FakeCoordinator{
		KfDef:   d,
		Plugins: make(map[string]kftypes.KfApp),
	}

	for _, p := range d.Spec.Plugins {
		if p.Name == kftypes.GCP {
			f.Plugins[kftypes.GCP] = &gcpFake.FakeGcp{}
			break
		}
	}
	return f, nil
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
HomePosts tagged 'tobacco'
Put another Winfield on the Barbie
March 12, 2019 rogermagnusson Uncategorized	advertising, cancer, prevention, tobacco
Having actor Paul Hogan headline Cure Cancer's "Barbecure" makes no sense to me.
Put another shrimp on the barbie, I get it. But so what?
Hogan may regret the staggeringly successful "Anyhow, have a Winfield" advertising campaign he headed in the 1970s, but his presence in a cure cancer campaign is inept. It muddies the message.
Winfield is a brand of cigarettes now owned by British American Tobacco Australia.
Of his former campaign for Winfield, Hogan has said "Yeah, we were encouraging people to smoke."
"Young ones were taking up smoking and all going for Winfield. It was a staggering success but I was a drug dealer. But who knew then?"
This is not to suggest that Hogan is not sincere in wanting to help. I'm sure he is.
But why does an organisation raising funds to support cancer research ask one of the most effective promoters of tobacco in Australian history, someone who is still, apparently, a smoker – to front the campaign?
Curing cancer…a tale of two strategies
Cure Cancer's Barbeque concept seems to be about raising money for what we might call "techy" solutions to treating cancer – funding research towards a new drug or therapy.
(Must say, though, I love the idea about hosting a barbie, telling the guest list they're not invited and hitting them for hard cold cash instead).
Cancer research is, of course, worthy and deserving of funding. Who knows, many of us may one day benefit from such research and the therapies that result.
But there's another way to cure cancer as well…it's called reducing the risk that Australians will get cancer in future.
Using smart public policies, we can prevent the risk that Australians will get heart disease, and diabetes too.
Unfortunately, preventive health enjoys a fraction of the profile – and almost none of the money – that techy solutions like research towards new drugs or therapies attract.
This could be because one important dimension of prevention at the population level is regulation, and that makes prevention a political matter.
Australia has a pretty shabby record in using law and regulation to reduce modifiable risk factors for the non-communicable diseases that are responsible for the overwhelming share of death and disability in this country.
When it comes to food and diet-related risk factors, for example, see the scorecard and priority recommendations for Australian governments issued by the Global Obesity Centre, a WHO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Prevention, at Deakin University.
How many lifetimes till these are implemented, I wonder?
A decade ago, the National Preventative Health Taskforce released a blueprint for improving the health of Australians.
I can no longer find that report on the Australian Government's website.
Although the government has raised the excise on tobacco and implemented plain tobacco packaging, no formal targets have been set for reductions in obesity or dietary risk factors, and prevention policy has been described as "flapping in the wind" (Swannell 2016).
Preventing cancer is "curing" cancer too
The Australian Preventive Health Agency, which was established to spearhead preventive efforts, and to fund preventive research, was de-funded and is extinct.
This move damaged momentum on preventive health in Australia, as Leeder, Wutzke, and many others have pointed out.
Which is a shame, because preventing cancer is "curing" cancer too.
Are you interested in health law? Sydney Law School offers a Master of Health Law with mid-year entry. See here and here for more information.
A Foundation for a smoke-free world…funded by a cigarette multinational: more smoke and mirrors?
December 1, 2017 December 1, 2017 rogermagnusson Uncategorized	Harm reduction, prevention, tobacco, tobacco industry, tobacco; e-cigarettes; nicotine, World Health Organisation;
The Swiss like butter on both sides of their toast.
Headquartered in Lausanne, half an hour's train ride from the World Health Organisation in Geneva, you'll find the headquarters of the world's most profitable tobacco company, Philip Morris International (PMI).
Makers of Marlboro and other global brands.
A few years ago, at the end of a very long interview, held in the PMI Boardroom, I asked a senior PMI executive what he would most like to tell the public health community.
This gentleman, although friendly and accommodating, had smoked all over me for three solid hours.
"I would like the public health community to try to spend some time listening to what Philip Morris has to say and to see whether or not we can reach some kind of agreement… I think if we continue to fight as opposed to try to reach an accord, we're losing an opportunity, and I think that Philip Morris has a lot to offer that can help shape and develop regulation, but the public health community has [got] to get beyond its pre-conceived notion that anything that Philip Morris or any other tobacco company proposes is immediately suspect and inappropriate. That would be my number one concern…"
The wish of this PMI executive was the same as that of every other tobacco executive I spoke to: he wanted governments and public health advocates to listen to his company. He wanted to partner with the public health community, he wanted a role in shaping policy and regulation. He wanted "the war" to end.
Philip Morris International may be a step closer to this aim with the launch of a new entity called the Foundation for a smoke-free World.
Foundation for a Smoke-Free World
Founded by Derek Yach, the former head of the WHO's Tobacco Free Initiative, the Foundation was launched with a promise of US$80 million funding per year for 12 years from PMI.
The aims of the Foundation are to "advance smoking cessation and harm-reduction science and technology". These aims appear suitably aligned with PMI's strategy of eventually replacing cigarettes with smoke-free products, and in order to get there, lobbying governments to give preferential treatment to non-combustible recreational nicotine products.
PMI's website states that: "we don't agree that banning cigarettes makes sense for smokers or for society at large."
But speaking of the success of IQOS (a heated tobacco product manufactured by PMI) in South Korea and Japan, PMI CEO André Calantzopoulos suggests that in five years, as users of heated devices outnumber smokers, "That is when we could start talking to governments about phasing out combustible cigarettes entirely."
They've taken their time sharing it with us, but according to Philip Morris, there is an answer to the tobacco epidemic. It seems you won't find it in the World Health Organisation's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, nor in generations of experience with evidence-based tobacco control laws and policies.
Rather, the answer lies elsewhere:
Individual risk reduction X consumer switching = population harm reduction.
In particular, PMI wants smokers to start using IQOS, the first of four smoke-free products it is (apparently) building its future on.
Of course, PMI needs governments to play their part as well.
We are confident that the right mix of government leadership and commercial initiative will dramatically accelerate efforts to reduce the health burden of smoking.
Which is why, I suspect, substantial funding to the Foundation for a Smoke-free World makes sense at this time.
Independent?
The centrepiece of the Foundation's claim to independence is the article on scientific integrity in its by-laws, which states:
"The goal of the Corporation is to promote and support significant scientific research that advances the field of tobacco harm reduction and reduces the public health burden of smoking-related diseases. The Corporation shall not take into account the potential impact of that research on the image of the tobacco industry or any other industry or commercial entity".
That sounds good, doesn't it, if they can manage it?
The problem is that the funding for this Foundation would appear to depend on annual or periodic renewal by a tobacco multinational.
And that is howlingly significant.
The existence of the Foundation, certainly its size and clout, will depend on how the activities and results of the Foundation appeal to PMI's board.
That may not be such a risk if you're married to a vision of tobacco harm reduction that involves promoting the recreational nicotine products that PMI wants to flog around the world.
According to PMI CEO André Calantzopoulos, "The Foundation is a welcome driver of change, at a time when a smoke-free future is clearly on the horizon. We will welcome its recommendations to accelerate smoker adoption of less harmful alternatives."
No doubt.
But if the Foundation, in all its independence, were to fail to effectively prosecute the case for harm reduction in a form that benefits PMI's business case, surely the Board would re-consider its investment. It would be mad not to.
The Foundation for a Smoke-free World has appeared at a time of unique risk for makers of e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products.
I would expect that part of the Foundation's work, pursuant to its harm reduction agenda, would be to encourage governments to make e-cigarettes more available (in jurisdictions, like Australia, where they are banned), perhaps to tax them at a lower rate, and certainly to reverse the tendency seen in jurisdictions like California to apply smoke-free laws and minimum purchasing age restrictions equally to both cigarettes and non-combustible nicotine products. (See references to California's legislation in a previous post).
In October, New York State became the latest U.S. state to ban use of e-cigarettes in restaurants, bars and indoor public places including workplaces. (See here for the text of the legislation).
Addressing this dangerous tendency, and promoting a regulatory environment that allows recreational nicotine products to thrive, is best framed in terms of "saving lives".
Australia's Health Minister, Greg Hunt MP, has stated that he will not lift the ban on e-cigarettes: "not on my watch".
For that, I believe, he deserves credit.
We can expect a gush of Foundation-funded research, ultimately paid for by Philip Morris, arguing that e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products save lives.
Rather than focusing on implementing the evidence-based controls in the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, governments will be encouraged to switch strategy towards tobacco harm reduction, which translates into relaxing controls on the products that make PMI shareholders rich.
The World Health Organisation claims the Foundation has conflicts of interest and states: "WHO will not partner with the Foundation. Governments should not partner with the Foundation and the public health community should follow this lead."
In the end, whatever the Foundation and its leaders think they are doing, given the scale of PMI's investment, the Foundation will perform a massively important public relations function for its economic parent.
These PR functions are important, given that in the here and now, PMI remains firmly in the cigarette business, exploiting markets around the world where tobacco control laws remain weak (see eg Kalra et al in Reuters).
Reaction to the Foundation for a Smoke-free World
To say that the launch of the Foundation has been taken badly by NGOs and global leaders in tobacco control is something of an under-statement.
Distinguished Professor of Tobacco Control at UC San Francisco, Stanton Glantz, writes that "Derek Yach's journey to the dark side is now complete", pointing out that PMI's funding of the Foundation represents "about .1% of PMI's revenues and 1% of its profits".
Ruth Malone, Simon Chapman and colleagues write:
"This 'new' initiative is just more of the same lipstick on the industry pig, but in a way it's far worse this time: by using a formerly high profile WHO leader as a spokesperson, PMI can also accelerate its longstanding ambition to splinter the tobacco control movement".
WHO points out that if PMI supported a smoke-free world it would support evidence-based tobacco control policies that help people quit smoking, including tobacco taxes, graphic disease warning labels, and comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship.
These are building blocks of successful tobacco control. They work.
The reality, in jurisdictions around the world, is that PMI opposes these measures.
Outside of rich western markets, where health considerations predominate, it's business as usual for Philip Morris International and for Marlboro, their star brand.
(Marlboro advertising in Jakarta, Indonesia; the photo at the top, from the island of Lombok, is typical of advertising by Philip Morris International throughout the archipelego)
California raises the minimum purchase age for cigarettes and e-cigarettes
May 10, 2016 rogermagnusson Uncategorized	Health Policy, prevention, tobacco, tobacco industry, tobacco; e-cigarettes; nicotine, United States
Last week was a big week for those who think the law should have a role in helping to reduce the 6 million deaths caused each year by tobacco.
First, tobacco taxes
In 2013, the Rudd government announced a 12.5% increase in the tobacco excise to take effect over 4 years: 1 Dec 2013; 1 Sep 2014; 1 Sep 2015; 1 Sep 2016.
Scott Morrison's 2016 budget will continue this increase for a further 4 years (2017-2020), taking the price of a pack of 25 cigarettes to around $41 in 2020.
These excise tax increases will be in addition to the usual, bi-annual indexation of excise in accordance with average weekly earnings.
As recognised by the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, which Australia has signed, tax and price measures are a powerful, cost-effective tool for reducing tobacco consumption, particularly among young people.
Secondly, more wins on tobacco plain packaging
The European Court of Justice has upheld the right of Member States of the European Union to pass plain tobacco packaging laws that exceed the requirements for the standardisation of tobacco packaging contained in the European tobacco products directive.
The Directive includes a requirement for mandatory health warnings, comprising text and colour photographs, covering 65% of the back and front of tobacco packages (Art. 10.1).
Article 24.2 of the Directive preserves the right of member states to introduce further requirements for the standardisation of tobacco packaging "where it is justified on grounds of public health, taking into account the high level of protection of human health achieved through this Directive".
These further measures must be proportionate, and must not be a disguised form of trade restriction.
The ruling of the Court paves the way for the UK's tobacco plain packaging legislation (the Standardised Packaging of Tobacco Products Regulations 2015 to become mandatory for all tobacco products on 21 May 2017.
Following Australia's Tobacco Plain Packaging Act 2011 (Cth), plain tobacco packaging has become an export industry, with Ireland also adopting legislation in 2015.
California raises the minimum purchase age for tobacco
But perhaps the most interesting development is the creeping advancement of higher tobacco purchase laws for tobacco within the United States.
On 4 May 2016, California Governor Jerry Brown signed 2 Bills into law that confirm California's leadership in tobacco control.
Senate Bill No 7 prohibits the sale of tobacco products in California to persons younger than 21 years.
The Bill includes an anti-pre-emption provision giving freedom to local governments to raise the minimum purchasing age even higher.
With a republican-controlled Congress hostile to public health measures, it has fallen to local and city governments, and to States, to innovate and to protect the health of their populations.
California's action follows the lead of Hawaii and over 125 local and city governments that have passed legislation to raise the minimum purchase age for tobacco to 21. This trend is likely to continue, both in the United States, and possibly elsewhere.
The California Bill contains an exception for Military personnel in active duty who are aged over 18 but under 21 years.
This is not the first time U.S. legislatures have bent the rules to facilitate smoking by members of the US armed services.
California Senate Bill No. 5, also signed into law, expands the definition of the term "tobacco products" in the Business and Professions Code to include e-cigarettes, and requires retailers to pay a licence fee to sell e-cigarettes.
It requires all cartridges for e-cigarettes to be in child-resistant packaging;
It also extends the smoke-free controls applicable to cigarettes in California, to e-cigarettes – a regrettable omission in the Public Health (Tobacco) Amendment (E-cigarettes) Act 2015 (NSW).
The California Bill also prohibits selling or advertising or furnishing e-cigarettes to persons younger than 21 years.
Time to raise the minimum purchase age for tobacco in NSW?
Raising the minimum purchasing age for tobacco is a sensible next step towards a tobacco-free generation that is healthier and more productive.
Higher minimum purchasing age laws make sense, since few smokers begin smoking or become addicted to nicotine beyond the vulnerable mid to late teens and early twenties.
A 2013 study of smoking initiation rates in New Zealand confirmed that while initiation after age 24 is rare, the highest initiation rates occur among those aged 15-21 years. Over a four-year period, the rate of smoking initiation for those aged 15-17, 18-19, and 20-24 was 14.2%, 7.0%, and 3.1%, respectively.
An expert Committee of the Institute of Medicine concluded that raising the minimum purchasing age would substantially reduce smoking prevalence and smoking-related mortality, given the numerous life transitions young adults experience between 18 and 20 years.
It could also help to improve foetal, maternal and infant health, by reducing the numbers of young parents smoking.
The Tasmanian Government has released a 5-year strategic plan for health that includes raising the minimum legal smoking age to 21 or 25 as an option for consideration.
Such laws could help to reduce health inequalities. For example, according to Tasmania's Council of Obstetric and Paediatric Mortality and Morbidity, more than 33% of Tasmanian teenage pregnant women are smokers (2013 figures).
Raising the minimum purchase age for tobacco would not be costly to implement, although resources should be budgeted for its enforcement, and this includes close monitoring and evaluation of its net effects.
Think about it. Will there be any parents, including smoking parents, who wish their child had been able to buy smokes on their 18th birthday?
Conversely, how many 30 year olds – facing the economic challenges of life, including breaking into the property market – will be thankful they missed the bullet of nicotine addiction and aren't now making generous weekly donations to Australia's tobacco giants?
Are you interested in studying health law? Sydney Law School offers a Graduate Diploma and a Masters degree in health law that is open to qualified applicants. For further details, click here, and here.
Dancing on Christopher Hitchens' grave? The tricky business of talking about consequences
October 25, 2015 October 26, 2015 rogermagnusson Uncategorized	Christopher Hitchens, Chronic disease prevention, Gun safety, Health Policy, Michael Bloomberg, Nanny state, Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), tobacco, United States
Vanity Fair, February 2004
A "pro-smoking blogger for the libertarian right" accuses me of "dancing on Christopher Hitchens' grave".
And other stuff.
Christopher Snowdon is a Research Fellow for the UK-based Institute of Economic Affairs, a think tank that receives tobacco funding. He is an opponent of plain tobacco packaging, keeper of the pure flame of libertarianism etc.
My sin – contained in a paper forming part of a symposium on public health regulation and the "nanny state", was to reflect on a self-confessed "crime spree" Hitchens took in New York City in late 2003.
During the course of an autumn day, Hitchens broke as many of the city's "petty ordinances" as he could, particularly its smoke-free laws.
At the time, Michael Bloomberg was in the second year of his first, 4-year term as NYC Mayor. He went on to serve 3 full terms, introducing tobacco control laws that saw the adult smoking rate fall by 28% between 2002 and 2012, and the youth smoking rate fall by 52% between 2001-2011 .
Which is a terrible result, if you're a tobacco company, but a magnificent result for New Yorkers – with changed life trajectories and longer, healthier lives for hundreds of thousands of people.
You can read about Michael Bloomberg's public health legacy here.
Apparently embittered at the constraints on his smoking, Hitch lashed out, reflecting on the "shriveled core of the tiny Bloombergian mind", and ending with:
"Who knows what goes on in the tiny, constipated chambers of his mind? All we know for certain is that one of the world's most broad-minded and open cities is now in the hands of a picknose control freak."
The editor of Vanity Fair, Graydon Carter, who at the time was being serially fined by the NYC Health Department for flouting its smoke-free laws and smoking in his office, published the whole account.
Then, in June 2010, at the height of his powers, Hitchens announced he had cancer of the oesophagus. As one journalist wrote, "The celebrated drinker and smoker who once claimed that "booze and fags are happiness" had succumbed to a cancer most often associated with drinking and smoking."
Hitchens died less than 18 months later.
Like his hero Hitchens, Snowdon believes that smoke-free laws are anti-libertarian. The mind boggles at this point, given that globally, one in ten people who die from tobacco are non-smokers who are unintentionally harmed (poisoned) by smokers….
However, to my mind the more interesting theme that excites Snowdon is the question of whether Hitchens' diagnosis challenged his libertarian convictions. Snowdon assumes that the rationale for discussing this issue was to concoct some sort of contrived, deathbed confession:
"Magnusson clearly thinks that Hitchens got his comeuppance when he died of cancer and wants to believe that he renounced his principles on his death bed."
The record shows that Christopher Hitchens castigated those who promoted effective tobacco control, yet spoke frankly and publicly about his own cancer, acknowledging that it was probably caused by his smoking and drinking.
Hitchens made his choices, and talked about them freely. He made his private life a public matter.
So we have permission, I think, to talk about Hitchens – who I suspect would have approved of being the topic of conversation.
"I've come by this particular tumor honestly", he told Anderson Cooper on CNN in August 2010. "If you smoke, which I did for many years very heavily with occasional interruption, and if you use alcohol, you make yourself a candidate for it in your sixties." "I might as well say to anyone who might be watching – if you can hold it down on the smokes and the cocktails you may be well advised to do so".
Cooper responded "That's probably the subtlest anti-smoking message I've ever heard".
"The other ones tend to be more strident", Hitchens replied, "and for that reason, easy to ignore".
"Even if this weren't incredibly tasteless" Snowdon writes, "Magnusson could hardly have found a less fitting person to use as an example."
Snowdon seems to think that the point of discussing Hitchens is to trip him up on his words, seek to make an object lesson out of him, or worse, to gloat.
But there are other reasons why Hitchens' account of his illness is worth reflecting on.
Certainly, it was a compelling story. Statistics are easy to brush off: just ask a smoker. But stories are a little harder.
Here comes this libertarian prophet – as sure as any libertarian ever was about the infantilising effect of public health laws – suddenly forced to come face to face with his own premature (and probably preventable) death. Did he have conflicting feelings, second thoughts? It's not an unfair question.
"In whatever kind of a 'race' life may be", Hitchens wrote in 2010, "I have very abruptly become a finalist….In one way, I suppose, I have been 'in denial' for some time, knowingly burning the candle at both ends … .[F]or precisely that reason, I can't see myself smiting my brow with shock or hear myself whining about how it's all so unfair … . Instead, I am badly oppressed by a gnawing sense of waste. I had real plans for my next decade and felt I'd worked hard enough to earn it. Will I really not live to see my children married? To watch the World Trade Center rise again?"
Through his story, we catch a glimpse of the public interest that public health laws and policies are intended to protect.
The public interest in tobacco and alcohol control laws does not exist for the sake of some abstracted, disembodied "public", but ultimately for the sake of all those individuals who might otherwise die prematurely, or just as frequently, as Simon Chapman writes, live long in distress and isolation due to the disintegrating impacts of their illness.
Bloomberg's tobacco control laws were intended to help prevent the kind of death Hitchens died. To say that is not to gloat.
Consequences tend to be trivialised or absent when libertarians set out their plans for how the world ought to be.
The narrative we tend to get is the one written by the be-suited Hitchens in 2003, flying through Central Park with his feet off the bicycle pedals, witty, cancer-free, not the man 7 years later, who writes "The chest hair that was once the toast of two continents hasn't yet wilted, but so much of it was shaved off for various hospital incisions that it's a rather patchy affair. I feel upsettingly de-natured. If Penélope Cruz were one of my nurses, I wouldn't even notice".
How should public health advocates talk about consequences?
In the United States, gun enthusiasts have become so highly proficient at ignoring consequences that anyone who dares link the most recent gun-related massacre [insert dates & details] with that shocking, leftist, evil thing called "gun control" – is howled down for seeking to "politicise a personal tragedy".
Plenty of compelling stories, it seems, but never a teachable moment.
But for the rest of us, prevention matters because people matter. Their needless suffering or death is relevant to how we evaluate the wisdom of government actions, laws and policies.
The nanny state conspiracy theorists overstate their case. Hitchens' freedom to make choices about smoking, drinking, diet and lifestyle were his for the taking. No one stood in his way.
Hitchens had no Damascus conversion over tobacco, or anything else for that matter, but his public expressions of regret were no less powerful for their subtlety.
[Interview between Anderson Cooper (CNN) and Christopher Hitchens, 6 August 2010: http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=view_all&address=385×492527 (transcript); http://ac360.blogs.cnn.com/2010/08/07/video-extended-interview-hitchens-on-cancer-and-atheism/ (video).]
Our new Nanny State? The Senate inquiry into tobacco, alcohol, and bicycle helmet laws
September 17, 2015 September 17, 2015 Belinda Reeve Public Health Law	alcohol, Nanny state, public health, tobacco
New Yorkers' had a Nanny. Do Australians have one too?
Earlier this month, Senator David Leyonhjelm announced aSsenate inquiry into legislative and policy measures introduced to restrict personal choice "for the individual's own good," including laws related to tobacco, e-cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, bicycle helmets, and film classification.
Leaving to one side the irony of a government inquiry into government's unreasonable interference in our lives, many of the products to be considered by the inquiry are of central concern to public health. Smoking remains Australia's largest preventable cause of death and disease, responsible for some 15,000 deaths, and costing Australia $31.5 billion in social and economic costs annually. Alcohol is linked to over 60 different health conditions, and accounts for around 3430 deaths per year.
Public health advocates call for a strong government response to these health problems, because preventive measures are more cost-effective than treatment, and because legislative and policy measures work.
Laws and regulations concerned with restricting the sale or promotion of cigarettes and alcohol are often seen as examples of the "Nanny State" in action, i.e., unwanted government interference in what should be our own, freely-made choices. But it's wrong to frame these measures simply as the state acting "for the individual's own good." Governments have a legitimate interest in ensuring population health, and in preventing the healthcare costs associated with alcohol and tobacco consumption. So too do we, as taxpayers.
Governments also act a check on the powerful corporate interests that have a profound influence on our drinking, smoking, and eating habits. We might as well ask, why isn't there an inquiry into Big Tobacco and Big Alcohol, and their impact on our freedom to live healthy, productive lives?
It's possible for governments to overstep their boundaries, and to introduce measures that are overly paternalistic and completely out of step with community needs. But by adopting the prejudicial language of "personal choice" the Senate inquiry seems to have closed itself off already to the kind of useful debate that we might have about the role of the modern state in protecting population health.
Perhaps the inquiry should consider a new collection papers published in the journal Public Health under the heading "Who's afraid of the Nanny State? Freedom, regulation, and public health." This special issue explores and unpacks the meaning of the Nanny State rhetoric so beloved by Senator Leyonhjelm, drawing upon work by academics from a variety of disciplines. It offers new ways to conceptualise the role of the state, and highlights the vast array of tools available to governments when acting to protect public health.
Don't be fooled by the rhetoric. Laws and policies on bicycle helmets, cigarettes, and alcohol save lives. And they do so in a much less intrusive way than chemotherapy for lung cancer, a liver transplant, or surgery for traumatic brain injury.
A tiny illustration of what the tobacco industry is like
September 16, 2015 September 16, 2015 rogermagnusson Uncategorized	legislation;, tobacco, tobacco industry
Click on this link. It's a tiny illustration of what the tobacco industry is like. It ought to be placed on the health curriculum of every school.
Professor Stephen Leeder once wrote that public health is a "contest of raw political power" (S.R. Leeder, "Ethics in public health" Internal Medicine Journal 2004; 34:435-439). Basically, it's WAR! He's right.
(And if you ever doubted it, read this).
The document I'm referring to was written by the owner and manager of E. M. Bowman & Co, Flinders Island's longest established general store. It is a submission to a Parliamentary Committee of the Legislative Council of the Tasmanian Parliament, which is holding hearings into the Public Health Amendment (Tobacco-Free Generation) Bill 2014.
Tasmania's smoking rate is second-only to the Northern Territory, with daily smoking prevalence of 20.6% in 2011-2012. The Tobacco-Free Generation Bill proposes an endgame scenario for tobacco in the state.
The Bill proposes to amend Tasmania's Public Health Act 1997 (Tas) by creating an offence for selling tobacco at retail, in Tasmania, to a member of the "tobacco-free generation" (s. 67J). The Bill defines a "member of the tobacco-free generation" as a person born after 1 January 2000. The Bill does not have the support of the Tasmanian government.
The Bill would not prohibit smoking by those born after 1 January 2000. However, as time went on, the impact of the legislation would be that:
adults who were older than the current year (eg older than 21 years during the year 2021) would, by virtue of being born before the year 2000, be able to continue to purchase tobacco during their lives;
On the other hand, adults of the tobacco-free generation, who would be the same age, or younger than the current year (eg aged 21 in 2021) would never be entitled to purchase tobacco lawfully in Tasmania.
You can read all the submissions about the Bill here. This post does not focus on the merits of the Bill.
In her submission, Ms Lois Ireland, owner and manager of E M Bowman and Co, writes how she was contacted by Imperial Tobaco, which attempted to co-opt her into lobbying the Legislative Council against the Bill.
Ms Ireland writes:
"I made a conscious decision to stop gaining a profit from sales of a product that I knew to be highly addictive and that was causing long term health issues with those who I knew personally as members of my community. I knew they would go elsewhere to purchase their cigarettes but I did not wish to be further implicated in their poor health choices. As a result I fully endorse any moves that make it more difficult for young people to take up/continue smoking, despite any effects such measures may have on businesses".
Ms Ireland's submission to the Parliamentary Committee illustrates two important lessons.
First, it is one, tiny, local example of a global phenomenon: the relentless efforts of tobacco companies to undermine, weaken and resist tobacco control laws and policies, and to identify proxy lobbyists to assist them in doing so.
Secondly, it illustrates a singular act of courage by a retailer whose revenues would have been reduced by the value of the tobacco she chose not to sell. But she did it anyway.
If you ever visit Flinders Island, make a point of stopping in to E M Bowman & Co.
Why is the U.S. Chamber of Commerce playing patsy to the tobacco industry, and what does this mean for Australia?
August 17, 2015 August 17, 2015 rogermagnusson Uncategorized	tobacco, trade and health, United States
"From Ukraine to Uruguay, Moldova to the Philippines" – according to the New York Times – the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and its affiliates "have become the hammer for the tobacco industry". This is revealed by "interviews with government ministers, lobbyists, lawmakers and public health groups in Asia, Europe, Latin America and the United States."
By Presidential order, U.S. federal agencies are not supposed to promote the export or sale of tobacco products in their global trade promotion activities. However, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce is a business federation of American companies and business associations, so it can do what it likes. It spends more on lobbying than any other U.S. industry group. There's an Australian branch with offices in all state capitals. They may be wining and dining our politicians even as we speak.
The pro-tobacco lobbying activities of the U.S. Chamber are summarised in a report recently published by a coalition of U.S. public health and consumer rights groups, entitled U.S. Chamber of Commerce – Blowing Smoke for Big Tobacco.
As the BMJ points out, in 2009, the U.S. Chamber made a submission to Australia's Preventative Health Taskforce, which had been tasked by former Health Minister Nicola Roxon to develop a national strategy to reduce the burden of disease from alcohol, tobacco, and obesity. That submission protested against the proposal for mandatory plain packaging of tobacco products.
In 2011, the Commonwealth Parliament passed the Tobacco Plain Packaging Act. Evidence shows that it was immediately and highly successful in increasing the rate of quit attempts. For more evidence, see this open access special supplement in Tobacco Control (April 2015) , or read on here.
In 2012, Ukraine lodged a complaint against Australia, arguing that the Act breached Australia's obligations under a number of World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreements.
According to Ukraine's Prime Minister, Arseniy Yatsenyuk, Ukraine's complaint against Australia was initiated at the request of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. The costs of the action were reported to be at least partly funded by British American Tobacco.
In May 2015, the WTO panel hearing the complaint was suspended at Ukraine's request. The reasons for this change of heart may include the closer ties between Australia and the Ukraine following the shooting down of MH17 (Australia has opened an embassy in Kiev and provided $100 million in assistance). Ukraine's complaint is not only inconsistent with its status as a party to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, but with its aspirations for a closer relationship with the EU and perhaps EU membership. In 2014, the European Parliament and EU Council adopted the revised EU Tobacco Products Directive.
Multinational corporations producing harmful products – such as tobacco, or alcohol – can't bring proceedings by themselves alleging that the laws and policies of foreign countries breach the WTO rules. Instead, they rely on friendly governments to pursue complaints for them. On the other hand, standing may be granted to foreign investors through investor-state dispute resolution clauses in trade and investment agreements. Within the Asia-Pacific, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce has been lobbying heavily for the inclusion of investor-state dispute resolution clauses in the Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement – with no carve-outs or exclusions for tobacco.
The protection of wealth in the globalized trading system relies increasingly on large and powerful corporations using trade and investment agreements as a political tool, lobbying governments to weaken or abandon domestic health policies that could undermine revenues, and when they fail, trying to claw back compensation under variously worded clauses. Trade and investment agreements might be complex, but countries that give foreign corporations – especially tobacco firms – the capacity to meddle in domestic health policies risk losing a significant measure of health sovereignty.
Larger countries may be willing to defend their sovereign laws, although doing so may come with a hefty price tag. Smaller countries may lack not only the money, but the specialist knowledge, and the money to hire the specialist knowledge. Australia's bill for defending the complaint brought by Philip Morris Asia under Australia's bilateral investment treaty with Hong Kong – claiming that the Tobacco Plain Packaging Act represents an expropriation of PM's investments in Australia – has been estimated so far at $50 million. No wonder the U.S. Chamber doesn't want any tobacco carve-outs. It knows that the value of the TPPA lies only partly in the legal rights conveyed through the terms of the agreement itself, and perhaps mostly in the political value of the agreement as a tool for tobacco companies to bully governments in an effort to weaken tobacco controls.
But back to the Ukraine. Thanks, apparently, to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, a country with negligible trade links with Australia, and no tobacco trade, was able to begin the process of hauling a democratically elected government over the coals for passing legislation to reduce death and disease from tobacco use.
This raises some important questions. Does the U.S. itself think its Chamber of Commerce has acted appropriately, and if not, does it have the capacity to haul it in? If the Australian Business Council had lobbied, say, Indonesia, to bring a WTO claim against the U.S. attacking certain provisions of the U.S. Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, would that have been considered appropriate by our American friends? Just how close has the U.S. Chamber gotten to Australian Ministers and negotiators in the current TPPA negotiations? This is an important question that should be answered, especially since public health experts have been completely frozen out. If the U.S. Chamber of Commerce is a tobacco lobby, shouldn't the Australian government declare all meetings with it in which the status of tobacco in the TPPA is discussed, in order to meet its obligations under the Guidelines for Article 5.3 of the FCTC?
Free trade is central to Australia's economic prosperity, now and in the future. But saying that doesn't mean we need to abandon all nuance, and give tobacco, alcohol, food, pharmaceutical or indeed any other kind of corporations the right to claim compensation if our non-discriminatory health policies undermine their revenues. For diseases caused by tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, and poor diet, better health necessarily means avoiding or moderating consumption, and that necessarily means fewer sales.
Currently, Australians can have no confidence that the government is not trading away its health sovereignty under the TPPA. The government doesn't trust you to see the draft text. The only way you will see it is if it is leaked. The TPPA perfectly illustrates the structural weakness in global health governance generally: negotiations that could have a massive impact on the health of future generations are being carried out in secret, in trade and economic forums, and health has no seat at the table.
For cynically disregarding the health sovereignty of nations, for being a shameless patsy to the U.S. tobacco industry in violation of U.S. federal policy, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce is hereby re-named the U.S. Chamber of Tobacco. Off to the dog box, now, Chamber. No supper for you…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
import copy
import logging
from collections import defaultdict

from opencensus.stats import metric_utils
from opencensus.stats import view_data as view_data_module

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

class MeasureToViewMap(object):
    """Measure To View Map stores a map from names of Measures to
    specific View Datas

    """

    def __init__(self):
        # stores the one-to-many mapping from Measures to View Datas
        self._measure_to_view_data_list_map = defaultdict(list)
        # stores a map from the registered View names to the Views
        self._registered_views = {}
        # stores a map from the registered Measure names to the Measures
        self._registered_measures = {}
        # stores the set of the exported views
        self._exported_views = set()
        # Stores the registered exporters
        self._exporters = []

    @property
    def exported_views(self):
        """the current exported views"""
        return self._exported_views

    @property
    def exporters(self):
        """registered exporters"""
        return self._exporters

    def get_view(self, view_name, timestamp):
        """get the View Data from the given View name"""
        view = self._registered_views.get(view_name)
        if view is None:
            return None

        view_data_list = self._measure_to_view_data_list_map.get(
            view.measure.name)

        if not view_data_list:
            return None

        for view_data in view_data_list:
            if view_data.view.name == view_name:
                break
        else:
            return None

        return self.copy_and_finalize_view_data(view_data)

    def filter_exported_views(self, all_views):
        """returns the subset of the given view that should be exported"""
        views = set(all_views)
        return views

    # TODO: deprecate
    def register_view(self, view, timestamp):
        """registers the view's measure name to View Datas given a view"""
        if len(self.exporters) > 0:
            try:
                for e in self.exporters:
                    e.on_register_view(view)
            except AttributeError:
                pass

        self._exported_views = None
        existing_view = self._registered_views.get(view.name)
        if existing_view is not None:
            if existing_view == view:
                # ignore the views that are already registered
                return
            else:
                logger.warning(
                    "A different view with the same name is already registered"
                )  # pragma: NO COVER
        measure = view.measure
        registered_measure = self._registered_measures.get(measure.name)
        if registered_measure is not None and registered_measure != measure:
            logger.warning(
                "A different measure with the same name is already registered")
        self._registered_views[view.name] = view
        if registered_measure is None:
            self._registered_measures[measure.name] = measure
        self._measure_to_view_data_list_map[view.measure.name].append(
            view_data_module.ViewData(view=view, start_time=timestamp,
                                      end_time=timestamp))

    def record(self, tags, measurement_map, timestamp, attachments=None):
        """records stats with a set of tags"""
        assert all(vv >= 0 for vv in measurement_map.values())
        for measure, value in measurement_map.items():
            if measure != self._registered_measures.get(measure.name):
                return
            view_datas = []
            for measure_name, view_data_list \
                    in self._measure_to_view_data_list_map.items():
                if measure_name == measure.name:
                    view_datas.extend(view_data_list)
            for view_data in view_datas:
                view_data.record(
                    context=tags, value=value, timestamp=timestamp,
                    attachments=attachments)
            self.export(view_datas)

    # TODO: deprecate
    def export(self, view_datas):
        """export view datas to registered exporters"""
        view_datas_copy = \
            [self.copy_and_finalize_view_data(vd) for vd in view_datas]
        if len(self.exporters) > 0:
            for e in self.exporters:
                try:
                    e.export(view_datas_copy)
                except AttributeError:
                    pass

    def get_metrics(self, timestamp):
        """Get a Metric for each registered view.

        Convert each registered view's associated `ViewData` into a `Metric` to
        be exported.

        :type timestamp: :class: `datetime.datetime`
        :param timestamp: The timestamp to use for metric conversions, usually
        the current time.

        :rtype: Iterator[:class: `opencensus.metrics.export.metric.Metric`]
        """
        for vdl in self._measure_to_view_data_list_map.values():
            for vd in vdl:
                metric = metric_utils.view_data_to_metric(vd, timestamp)
                if metric is not None:
                    yield metric

    # TODO(issue #470): remove this method once we export immutable stats.
    def copy_and_finalize_view_data(self, view_data):
        view_data_copy = copy.copy(view_data)
        tvdam_copy = copy.deepcopy(view_data.tag_value_aggregation_data_map)
        view_data_copy._tag_value_aggregation_data_map = tvdam_copy
        view_data_copy.end()
        return view_data_copy


text:
Эде Банда (; 1917 — 23 июня 2004) — венгерский виолончелист.

С 1942 года виолончелист Секешфехерварского оркестра, с 1951 года в Симфоническом оркестре Венгерского радио. В 1952 г. заменил Веру Денеш в Квартете Татраи — одном из ведущих камерных ансамблей послевоенной Венгрии, в 1958 году как участник квартета удостоен премии имени Кошута — высшей награды Венгрии в области культуры. В 1948—1995 гг. преподаватель Будапештской академии музыки .

Примечания

Ссылки
 Интервью с Эде Бандой (1972)

Академические музыканты Венгрии
Преподаватели Музыкальной академии Ференца Листа
Лауреаты премии Кошута

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


"With HelpDesk we have a joint place for all employees and all types of tickets", says Christian Johansson, Senior Advisor at Stadium. "The staff does not need different phone numbers or e-mail addresses, but have one support tool for everything. This, in turn, means that they have more time focusing on the customers instead. The software is easy to administrate and since all information about a ticket is saved in one place, transfers are smooth when a ticket needs to be passed forward.
The ticket operators are divided into 15 different support groups and about one thousand tickets are registered each month.


text:
Home Amazon Quiz Ans) Google was founded by two students in September 1998. What are...
Ans) Google was founded by two students in September 1998. What are their names? Amazon Quiz
Google was founded by two students in September 1998. What are their names? Amazon September Edition Quiz Answers Today Win Redmi 11 Prime 5G . This Contest will commence on 31st August 2022 from 01:00:00 p.m. to 30th September 2022 11:59:59 p.m. Follow on Telegram.
Question: Google was founded by two students in September 1998. What are their names?
A. Larry Page and Sergey Brin
B. Mark Zuckerberg and Larry Page
C. Jerry Yang and David Filo
D. Sergey Brin and Mitchell Baker
The Correct Answer Is -A. Larry Page and Sergey Brin
Google was founded by two students in September 1998. Their names are Larry page and Sergey Brian


text:
Q: Xcode provisioning profile stopped working out of nowhere 7 days ago I built my unity apps on iOS using xcode provisioning profile (not dev account), all was working fine. Today I couldnt launch the apps on my iphone anymore so I though I need to rebuild and reinstall them on my phone again, but it was not working anymore. All the settings are the same as they were the last time, automatic signing, etc. Error:

Automatic signing is unable to resolve an issue with the
  "Unity-iPhone" target's entitlements.

next error:

Provisioning profile "iOS Team Provisioning Profile:
  com.Vuforia.leanTouch" doesn't include the application-identifier and
  keychain-access-groups entitlements.

which is weird because the project I do is com.ARFoundation.Markerless not com.Vuforia.leanTouch
Any ideas?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
In 1912, the only way to cross the Atlantic Ocean was by ship. The trip took almost six days to complete. More people were traveling at this time and each new ocean liner was the fastest, the biggest, or the best ship to ever be built.
The RMS Titanic was no different. She was the largest ship ever built at the time of her construction. In addition to her size, she had the best amenities. Amenities are features and benefits which included fancy restaurants and cafes, two libraries, a gym, and even a swimming pool! Despite all of these wonderful amenities, the Titanic set sail with 20 lifeboats with a combined capacity to carry 1,187 people in the event of an emergency. However, the Titanic was certified to carry 3,547 passengers and her builders said she was "designed to be unsinkable". On April 10, 1912, the ship set sail from Southampton, England carrying 2,200 people including passengers and crew – nearly double the capacity of the lifeboats – due to arrive in New York City on April 17, 1912.
On April 14, 1912 at 11:40pm, crewman Frederick Fleet rang the alarm bell three times when he spotted an iceberg directly in the Titanic's path. The crew tried to turn the ship to avoid the iceberg but it was too late. Under the water, the iceberg ripped through the starboard (right) side of the ship. Right away, six of sixteen of the watertight compartments started to flood. The maximum number of compartments that could fill and still allow the Titanic to float was four. The unsinkable ship was sinking!
Many passengers insisted on staying aboard the ship because the did not believe that the damage was that bad. After all, they were told that the Titanic was unsinkable! The Titanic's crew sent emergency messages, called SOS messages, to surrounding ships. The Californian was nearby but the radio was off. The RMS Carpathia heard the call at 12:35am but she was 58 miles away with a top speed of 20 miles per hour. The Carpathia answered the call but did not arrive to the site until 4:00am.
Meanwhile, at 2:18am, the stern (back) of the Titanic rose up so that the ship was almost on her end sticking straight up in the water. Within two minutes, the ship and all of her still onboard passengers slid into the water.
706 people made it into lifeboats and were saved by the crew of the Carpathia. 1,500 people died at sea. The sinking was front-page news around the world and led to changes to many safety rules including ships had to have enough lifeboats for all passengers and that radios had to be on at all times. Public fascination with the Titanic and her tragic story continues today.
One suite on the Titanic cost $4500 for a one-way ticket. That is the equivalent of $121,627.19 today!
The Titanic was 882 feet long and 92 feet wide, with eight decks. The ship had four giant smokestacks and a massive rudder. She had three huge propellers. The Titanic had three gigantic engines and they were driven by steam produced in 29 large boilers. The boilers were powered by 159 coal-burning furnaces and the crew shoveled more than 600 tons of coal into the furnaces each day. 600 tons!
There were 324 first-class passengers, 284 second-class passengers, and 709 third-class passengers. There were more than 900 crew members aboard the fated ocean liner.
Lifeboats were reserved for women and children first. 72% of women aboard the Titanic survived, while 50% of children, and 16% of men survived. 63% of the ships passengers and crew perished in the tragedy.
The Titanic by Peter Benoit
The Sinking of the Titanic by Matt Doeden, illustrated by Charles Barnett III and Phil Miller (Graphic Novel)
Titanic by Robin Johnson
I Survived the Sinking of the Titanic, 1912 by Lauren Tarshis, art by Haus Studio (Graphic Novel)
The Titanic Mission by Dan Gutman (historical fiction)
A Night to Remember by Walter Lord
Check These Out! Websites
National Geographic Kid: Remembering the Titanic
World Book Kids: Titanic
The Sinking of the Titanic
World Book Student: Titanic
Source URL: https://euclidlibrary.org/content/rms-titanic


text:
Q: Excluding autoconfiguration class gives 404 not found error I am using Spring security in my application for encrypting user password in database.
Due to this I am getting Using generated security password:XXXXXX in my Spring boot log when starting application.
I didn't want this password to be generated so I am using @SpringBootApplication (exclude = {SecurityAutoConfiguration.class }) in my main class.
Below is my main class
package com.example.policymanagementsystem;
import org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

@SpringBootApplication (exclude = {SecurityAutoConfiguration.class })
@ComponentScan( basePackages = {"com.example.policymanagementsystem.bean"})
public class PolicymanagementsystemApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PolicymanagementsystemApplication.class, args);
        }
}

So the password is not getting generated when starting spring boot application but when I hit api from postman it is giving me 404 Not found error for all other api's.
I don't want authentication to any of my api's so I have given below configuration in the SecurityConfiguration class.
@Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {

        http.cors().and().csrf().disable();
        http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/admin/**").permitAll().antMatchers("/user/**").permitAll().anyRequest().authenticated();

http.exceptionHandling()
        .authenticationEntryPoint(
            (request, response, ex) -> {
                response.sendError(
                    HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED,
                    ex.getMessage()
                );
            }
        );
 http.addFilterBefore(jwtTokenFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
}

Please suggest me some way so that I can exclude SecurityAutoConfiguration.class and not get 404 not found error in my postman response for any api.Thanks in advance!!

A: Remove the exclude part from the @SpringBootApplication and.
Add this two lines in your application.properties file.
spring.security.user.name=abc
spring.security.user.password=xxx

Try this code for SecurityConfiguration. and remove .anyRequest().authenticated(); because you don't require that.
http
                .csrf().disable()
                .authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers("/admin").hasAuthority("ADMIN")
//                .antMatchers("/post").authenticated()
                .antMatchers("/post","/deleteComment/**", "/deletePost/**", "/updateComment/**",
                        "/updateCommentPage/**", "/updatePostPage/**","/api/draft/**","/api/post/**").hasAnyAuthority("USER","ADMIN")
                .antMatchers("/","/api","/api/addComment/**","/api/viewPost/**").permitAll()
                .and().formLogin()
                .loginPage("/login").permitAll()
                .and().httpBasic().and()
                .logout().invalidateHttpSession(true)
                .clearAuthentication(true)
                .logoutRequestMatcher(new AntPathRequestMatcher("/logout"))
                .logoutSuccessUrl("/logout-success").permitAll();

A: Your setup actually requires authentication - .anyRequest().authenticated(); You can do permit all for any request, that should do it.
http.authorizeRequests().anyRequest().permitAll();

A: I found a solution for it, the 404 not found error was because I didn't annotated field in one of my model class with @Id annotation. It's resolved now.


text:
using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using FplClient.Data;
using Newtonsoft.Json;

namespace FplClient.Clients
{
    public class FplLeagueClient : IFplLeagueClient
    {
        private readonly HttpClient _client;

        public FplLeagueClient(HttpClient client)
        {
            _client = client;
        }

        public async Task<FplClassicLeague> GetClassicLeague(int leagueId, int page = 1)
        {
            ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = SecurityProtocolType.Tls12;

            var url = ClassicLeagueUrlFor(leagueId, page);

            var json = await _client.GetStringAsync(url);

            return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<FplClassicLeague>(json);
        }

        public async Task<FplHeadToHeadLeague> GetHeadToHeadLeague(int leagueId, int page = 1)
        {
            ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = SecurityProtocolType.Tls12;

            var url = HeadToHeadLeagueUrlFor(leagueId, page);

            var json = await _client.GetStringAsync(url);

            return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<FplHeadToHeadLeague>(json);
        }

        private static string ClassicLeagueUrlFor(int leagueId, int? page)
        {
            var baseUrl = $"http://fantasy.premierleague.com/api/leagues-classic/{leagueId}/standings/";

            var suffix = $"?page_new_entries={page ?? 1}&page_standings={page ?? 1}";

            return $"{baseUrl}{suffix}";
        }

        private static string HeadToHeadLeagueUrlFor(int leagueId, int? page)
        {
            var baseUrl = $"http://fantasy.premierleague.com/api/leagues-h2h/{leagueId}/standings/";

            var suffix = $"?page_new_entries={page ?? 1}&page_standings={page ?? 1}";

            return $"{baseUrl}{suffix}";
        }
    }
}


Mining Pressure Systems (MPS) is a leading supplier to the piping solutions industry in South Africa and abroad. ... and timely to ensure that the cornerstone industry of South Africa – mining – is able to function with no delays. ... Gold Price.


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text:
Undead Author Society
Resurrecting Dead Stories
Tag Childhood
There Is Another In The Woods
June 14, 2017 July 11, 2018 jamesbarton3	1 Comment
This Week's Prompt: 41. The Italians call Fear La figlia della Morte—the daughter of Death.
The Relevant Research:Frightful Night Terrors
Elise had been stolen from me. Elise, Elise had been stolen in the middle of the night. Again. I was out in the old forest with my flashlight, searching as best I could. Again.
The first time she was small. Only six. Only six, and out of the house. Well, that doesn't give the full story. Her door was locked, a nice iron pad lock as well as the normal lock. The windows had been barred, in case some of the more adventurous squirrels or raccons lept in at Elise. It was a secure as secure could be. I even moved her bed, in case someone through something through the window. It was safe and close.
Foggy forest nights where the clouds seem to have come down from the sky and subusmed the moon are not exactly comforting when you've lost something. Your feet catch on the roots, and after the first few you times you fall over, you start thinking they are trying to drag you down into the ground. The flashlight can catch the branches, giving me time to duck and weave through the woods. It wasn't a quite night this time.
Last time, there was almost no noise in the woods but my footsteps and heavy breathing. I knew Elise was in the woods. There hadn't been any signs in her room, the lock and bars still intact. But I saw her steps going off towards the woods. I grabbed a hand gun, my flashlight, and went running. I didn't think to call the police. Not yet.
Tonight there was the occasional clinking when my footsteps hit a broken beer bottle. The wind drove the branches against each other, scratching at the sky. There was an occasional howl in the depths, towards the old hills. I ran faster, my flashlight bumping up and down. I called out for her again. Last time, last time it had taken two days to find her out in these woods.
I spent a night running around screaming, last time. I wasn't even the one who called the cops. Neighbors around the woods called complaining about the noise.
"Now sir, calm down. How long has your daughter been missing."
"I don't know, three hours? I noticed she was gone when I went to bring her water for the night, she always gets water at around nine, and then she wasn't there, so I went out–" I said, my voice beginning to pick up speed as I talked.
"And there was no one else in the house? No one at all? No visitors, babysitters?" the man in blue asked, tilting his head to look inside.
"None, no." I said flatly.
"Door was locked and everything." He said, thinking for a moment. "Well, we'll get a search party together. You mind coming down to the station, so we can a statement on the record?"
"Yeah, yeah, sure, just let me get some things."
"It'd be better for it to be right now." the man said, stepping out of the doorway.
The station conversation was much the same. They asked again about the room, why was it so secure, if I heard anything, if I saw anything. I had heard tapping on the top floor I said, but I thought it was a door in the wind or something. They held me there, away from the search party, for about six hours.
It wasn't hard to piece together what they thought had happened. It was suspicious, it was frustrating. You do everything you can to keep your daughter safe, after her mother vanishes into thin air, and people start to wonder what your hiding her from. What's out there that warrants bars on the windows, iron locks, and a fence? Then the start asking if it's something inside instead. And it goes down hill.
Not like I don't know what did it. I do, I do know. Out here in the woods, there's only one thing that steals away with children. Mother told me about night like these, and I told Elise. These are old woods, and her mother didn't understand that either. They're fairie woods, woods were you better carry a cross even during the day.
They found her in the woods last time, sleeping in the roots of a tree, with a few scratch marks and a sprained ankle. She said she didn't know how she got there. And maybe she didn't. I hadn't put all the stuff up yet. Just the one lock. It's possible, I guess, she just snuck out. But how did she get so far away, from the second story to the woods with barely any sound? No, it took her there.
I tried telling Elise once, but she was so young. So very young, she had trouble grasping what I meant by faeries.
"But wouldn't they be scared of you, papa?" she asked. "I mean, Tinkerbell would be frightened off by you. All you have to do is say you don't believe in faeries."
And I smiled and said sure with a laugh. Still secretly sewed some iron into her clothes, as a 'game'. Yeah, it might have looked a little odd if you saw it, and it gave her a bit of a rash as she grew up. But it was the only way to be sure. If she knew what was out here, she'd know that it wasn't scared of me. Contrary to what Disney says, faeries are rarely kind or small. And the one in the woods…he's neither.
"He walks on long legs, so that even boys and girls on upstairs rooms aren't safe from him." Mother told me, holding her arms over my head like an oak's branches. "And if you've been bad, it comes up from the forest for you with it's long branch like arms."
I had scratched my face pretty bad by now, the thorns of bushes and low hanging branchs having left their mark. Especially as I was more focused on moving forward then anything else, and so instead of ducking and weaving in the thickets I walked straight through them.
"And he takes you away, to his house, for as long as it takes for you to learn your lesson. He took my brother once, and he was gone for a whole year." she said. Uncle Tommy was clear that he'd gone to millitary school, but to be honest when I was little that might as well as been hell.
I didn't believe in him for a long time, until I was out in the woods myself. I saw him, two long arms out stretched among the branches, and a bright toothy grin. Long pale legs and a glowing face like a barn owls. I saw him, I did , that night Elise went missing. And he's come again, he's come again for my daughter.
Why now though? I can't help but wonder as I begin to lose the speed in my legs. Why now? It'd been three years, three years since they found her. She'd been well behaved, she'd been doing good in school, I'd been doing the best I could, making recitals, making it to bake sales, buying girl scout cookies, selling girl scout cookies, telling her good night.
What had gone wrong?
I didn't shout her name this time. I didn't bother calling the police this time. The bars on her window sealed my fate I think. No one likes them. Home owner's associations been knocking on my door about them every month.
"It's ugly" they say.
"New homebuyers think it's a prison cell." they say.
"It can't be good for little Elise." they say.
What do they know about what's good for a kid, huh? What do they know, they've never had one. Never had one go missing in the middle of the night, and never gone to bed wondering if she's snuck out again. For a year after, I put a baby monitor in her room, just in case. Maybe that's where I went wrong, maybe I let my guard down. But hell, the bars. The bars were a must.
I know that's what got her last time. And hell if I let that thing steal her again.
Not that they did any good it seems. But the iron should have! The iron should have burned him. My grandma, she had iron tied above her when she slept. It's what kept her safe. My mother, she just put a cross of iron on my neck.
I find my answer, pretty quickly. Its hanging from a tree branch, a small piece of bright blue cloth with the tiny iron thread gleaming in the flash light. My heart stops for a second and I feel my breath become lead in my throat. In a daze, I look around, I look closely and carefully for any sign of her. It had to have come through here.
Someone's sobbing or…laughing, its that sound that's between the two. I round the trunk, watching my steps. When I come around, I see a girl Elise's age. But her mousey brown hair has been cut in weird places, and she's got bruises on her arms. There are wrinkles beneath her eyes and callouses on her hands that I've never seen before.
It can't be her.
"L-Lizzy?" I say slowly, getting down on one knee. "Lizzy, is that you?"
"Papa!" she shouted, looking up at my light and running into hugging me. "Papa, he said I could go home, papa!"
I patted her on the back as her tears rand down my shoulder. I should have been delighted. I should have. My little girl was back. But something felt wrong.
"Go home? Honey, you've only been out here a few hours." I said cautiously.
"No, no, papa, its a been longer that. Months at least." she said through tears. Months? No, something in my mind clicked. Not months. Years.
What had been living in my house?
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Frightful Night Terrors
June 7, 2017 July 11, 2018 jamesbarton3	1 Comment
This Weeks Prompt:41. The Italians call Fear La figlia della Morte—the daughter of Death.
The Resulting Story: There Is Another In The Woods
The tie between fear and death is fundamental to the notions of horror as we have them. There is nothing more fundamental to our nature then a fear of death. That fear pressage death, be death's relative, is not so strange. In the myth of the Greeks, fear and terror are children of Ares, butcher of war. Fear is at the essence of what we do here, fear is at the heart of horror.
But there are very few things that are, well, just fear. Dying of fright is certainly a phenomenon, well documented at that in several anthropological works. But, well, those aren't situations that lend themselves well to horror. Fear can cause a heart attack, which is existentially terrifying, but lacks a certain amount of drama.
There was a horror movie classic about a creature that fed on fear, delightfully called the Tingler. The eponymous creature causes a tingle in it's host spine and feeds on it's fear. Only by screaming can the creature be prevented from curling up and crushing the spine. The concept of something that feeds on fear is continued in Harry Potter to a degree, a creature that resembles a dementor but devours fear instead of misery. Even Power Rangers has had villains that collect fear.
But these are…well, silly. The Tingler might have been frightful for it's day, but as a scary story it falls very flat to me. No, folklore will have to do. Now, there are few folklore types that deal in fear…but there are many. There is one that is everywhere, one we've left off to the side: the Boogeyman.
The Boogeyman is a strange sort of creature. It isn't really a definite creature usually, rather a fearsome name and behaviors. Often it eats disobedient children, or kidnaps them, or otherwise disposes of them. Its menace is often opaque and childish in logic, a dream like threat that has menace on it's edges.
Wewe Gombel
But sometimes, in the course of the world, he is extremely defined. In Hati, he is Master Midnight, his legs are two stories tall. He steals away those who would come out after night, whisking them away. Wewe Gombel in Java kidnaps children…from neglectful households. In Sicily, those who play near wells must beware a water spirit dragging them below.
The Inuit people have a shape-shifting giantess with a hole in her back. Luxemburg's Kroperman lurks near storm drains like a certain clown, and pulls children in with a hook in their nose. The Zulu Tikoloshe is capable of sending fear and death upon people, with gouged out eyes and a gremlin like appearance. The United State's Bloody Bones, who sits atop the bones of lying and swearing children, is another gruesome member of the pantheon of frights.
All these are creatures created for fright, and their horrific crimes are often in that fairy tale category. They devour those who won't sleep, or eat their meals, or are up after hours, or so on. This is at first nothing more than a small scare for children, but the violation of taboos can provide a great deal of horror (as we discussed before regarding sacred spaces) and an adult haunted by a terrifying child form has found some strength these days. Modern horror, such as the Babadook, brings a boogeyman like presence to life in a way that is…terrifying.
I think that the perspective perhaps ought not be the child. I remember the movie the Labyrinth, with its…well, David Bowie and I think it gets the crux better. The heroine accidentally invoke or invites the goblins in to take the child away and greatly regrets her decision, engaging in the quest to pursue him and returned the lost babe (with the power). The Babadook likewise is the mother's story, and better for it.
Seriously he stole a child, why is he so fabulous.
The loss of a child has an innate fear, and as such I think the loss of a child by kidnapping can expand on it more than by a cannibal. There is something more unnerving to the thought that your child is out there, your child is being held by a stranger, growing old without you as opposed to dead. That's not to say a child's loss isn't tragic and horrific, but it is a) a sort of horror and tragedy that outpaces my skill and b) a tension that is hard to communicate in a short period. The kidnapping provides a better, cleaner end and recurring drama that has a material touch. There is something more concrete when a child might still be rescued, the taunting possibility of a happy ending with parent or child reunited.
I'll observe, strangely, that the three examples I can think of are mothers pursuing their children(specifically sons or son analogs). This…seems odd. There are stories of father-daughter concerns in horror, although specifics escape me. Something to consider when writing this story.
Well, we will proceed next week with a tale of a lost child, a fear of near to death, and loss. What have you unearthed near this particular literary corpse?
In The Closet
April 4, 2017 July 11, 2018 jamesbarton3	3 Comments
This Week's Prompt: 37. Peculiar odour of a book of childhood induces repetition of childhood fancy.
The Research: Childhood Dreams
My home was much as I remembered it. The old house was still there, with the same squeaky rickety stair. My brain added the missing hollering at dad to fix it for once in his goddamned life, and the perplexity over how exactly out here in the desert there could be something so moist as to squick. When I was little, used to wonder if it was worm guts or ant insides crushed against the nails.
It's been several years now since we left the old place. I spent the better part of my childhood years here, and even when it became my dad's house instead of our house, I'd still visit over the summers. Now that he's gone, having found a way to drown in the brittle bone wastes of Arizona, it was mine again. It was eerie, how well kept everything was. How meticulously well kept everything was. It was a curiosity over such antiquarian tendencies that led my feet clacking up the stairs towards my room when I was little.
There is something cliché in the parent maintaining perfectly the state of nest once it's emptied. It was some relief then, that the bed was so broken and beaten. No doubt a raccoon…no, that's upstate talking. Coyotes then, or javelinas or gila monster or I don't know. Some sort of small animal. Maybe an imported raccoon.
The place was an absolute wreck, books strewn across the floor and blankets shredded and sheets wrapped into strange bundles. Still, there was one book that seemed mostly intact. The Watsons Go To Birgmingham. Never liked it much, too serious. But as I thumbed through the pages, the smell of rotting cod wafted up and out, and I saw the bones stuffed between the doodles.
When I pushed the bones between the pages, back when I was only approaching the first decade of my life, I didn't know dead cod would smell like. That came with the move up north. But I knew what it smelled like. It was the nightly creature that would come scuttling into my room and the house, make off with a few things, move a few things, and then go back.
I had three friends back then, Tami, Chris, and George. They didn't believe me at first when I told them that I had seen four sets of glowing eyes in the night. It's limbs were like a MR. PLASTIC ™, stretching out to pull its skittering form forward. It was gross and slimy and squirming and ick ick ick.
"Right, but it's not hurting anyone, so who cares?" Tami asked, tossing a rock at a cactus. "Sounds like a neat pet."
"Yeah, but what if later, it gets hungry?"
"Then bring it a shaking cactus?" Chris said, letting another rock fly. It hit an adobe wall and a dog barked at us irritably. "I mean, a kid in Phoenix, he goes to my school. Says that a kid he knew had one of them, and after a few days it burst into a bunch of spiders. Had to fumigate the place."
"Ew, why would I want that?" I said, playing with the stones.
"Well, then it'll eat the spiders. Problem solved." Chris said with a shrug.
"But wouldn't it run out of spiders?"
"Yeah, but see, you'd move already. Because even grown ups don't like spiders. At least, not that many. And maybe the fumigators would kill it."
"Guys," George said with the uptmost childhood sincerity, "I think your missing the obvious here."
"What?" Tami asked, tilting her head.
"We catch it." George said, eyes all a glitter. The three of us should have laughed, but now the prospect seemed tangible and real. We could actually catch it. Maybe.
"How would we?" Chris asked, having stopped throwing stones to consider.
"Well, it does crawl about. Maybe we could steal some mouse traps?" I asked, thinking to the scurrying noises on the floor.
"We'll need more than mouse traps." George chimed in, waving his stick around. "Monsters fight back, don't you know? We'll need some bats or big sticks and a blanket."
"Why a blanket?" Tami asked, frowning.
"Because, you know, birds fall asleep when covered by a blanket right?" George said. There was a general nod of consensus. "Right, so I bet this things like them. Or like a dog, and it'll get real confused, and that will mean we can whack it before it rips our eyes out and eat them."
There was a general hiss of disgust at the mention of disfigurement and anthrophagy, that died down after a bit of nervous laughing. Tami mentioned that she could swipe some of her dad's golf clubs and George and I agreed that that would do nicely for beating in the things skull. So we began that day to set our fateful trap, for the thing lurking in my house.
It had to be at a sleepover, to get us all over to my house. My parents were surprised and pleased that I was having friends over, having grown used to an almost pathological avoidance to admitting relation to the house. They thought it was because it was old and squeaky. Because they didn't know that no kid is inviting their friends over to get eaten by monsters.
The next trip was staying up late, with the lights off and all of us 'asleep'. We figured noise might scare it off, or maybe draw its attention. In a kids mind, the line between 'thing we're going to beat up' and 'thing that will eat me' is a flexible, blurry one. So we carefully measured our breathing and tried not to jump with excitement or fear when a coyote howled outside. A coyote walking the streets, you must understand, was quite the event.
But we strained our eyes awake. Well, okay, George and Tami did. Chris fell asleep, despite the efforts, and I was on the verge of dreaming when the scurrying in the living room jolted three of us up. George held a finger to his mouth and Tami slowly handed out supplies from the gym bag she had brought her stuff in. Sadly, they were mostly baseball bats. She said golf clubs were too big.
So we quietly opened the door, Chris having the blanket as punishment for being a little kid sleepy head who couldn't stay up late for a monster hunt. I had the flashlight, since it was my house and I'd be damned if we were going to hunt a thing blind and groping in the dark. So we went out carefully, a flickering column of light running head of us. Slowly we made our way to the pantry, where there was a scurrying hissing noise of the most awful sort. And sure enough, there we found it.
It was like a newt with a spiders face and the mouth of a gila monster. It's gaping toothless maw was surrounded by dozens of blank, empty eyes reflecting back my light, a sudden candelabra. It swallowed up our screams like fish rushing into the hungry jaws of a bear, but Chris was quick as a whip and tossed the blanket over it's face. Fear turned to adrenaline and we shot ahead swinging. Battered and bruised, it belched and groaned and almost roared until we stopped an eternity later.
Body disposal had been briefly discussed, but temporary storage had been arranged. We dragged the body back, and with careful work propped it up on a close iron in the mouth. A few fish bones fell out and, to hide them, I shoved the bones into whatever book I could find.
And in the room, I wondered if I had ever taken the thing down. Never named it. Bragged about it for years, but when we left I kinda forgot it happened. So, with a dulled curiosity, I opened the door and was struck immediately by the smell of rot. But there it hung, like meet on a hook, its eyes swollen and dried out. There was something glimmering there, some little flash of light as I closed the door again. But I'm not that worried. After all, its dead.
Childhood Dreams
March 22, 2017 July 11, 2018 jamesbarton3	1 Comment
The Resulting Story: In The Closet
This week's prompt is an interesting trip into the notions of childhood, fancy, and nostalgia. Sense information stimulating memory is a fact so certain it is almost common sense. That a certain sight or sound might bring recollections long forgotten to the fore, but smell strangely enough seems particularly adept. Among writers, it is probably the most neglected sense, far from the favorites of sight and sound. Personally, I blame language, which is read and heard more than it is inhaled through the nostrils.
The place then is what sort of memory is conjured by the childhood book. It is an odd memory, a fancy that is 'repeated' not recalled. This indicates a sort of delusion perhaps. Or maybe the fancy is being told to someone?
It's also of acute intreast that it isn't the contents of the book, but the smell of the book that recalls the fancy. Again, as a book lover will tell you, there is an old book smell. But what sort of fancy is so tied to the smell of a childhood favorite, rather than the words or pictures? It seems logical to suppose that the book itself must be key, or something in the book. A stain, a flower pressed between the pages, a leave that has in a way become one with the paper.
The childhood fancy is thus more likely an incident that touches on the book as a physical object rather than as a container of ideas and feelings.
Next is the examining of fancy. What is a fancy? I will brush aside a perfect dictionary definition. A fancy seems, colloquially, to be a notion. Or rather, a brief thought about the world that is not necessarily true. A recurring bit of imaginative practice. I might say that a childhood fancy of mine was that a chicken was lurking in my closet at night, despite our house being miles away from such foul fowl. Another might be that a teacher is a vampire, that an old lady down the street is a witch, and other similar concerns. Concerns that, in retrospect, are probably a tad silly.
What I would consider childhood fancies, then, are sort of in that place we discussed briefly before of magical realism. They are extensions of the child's mind and conclusions to create a dream like reality the child operates in. They aren't questioned or even in the realm of questionable things, being unstated and assumed facts of the child's existence.
One that, presumably, is inaccurate. An adult may find his childhood fancies therefore silly, or he might find himself longing for those more innocent years, where he could believe in such things. Certainly, there is a running theme of longing for the innocence of children by adults, wanting the comfort and presumed simplicity of yesteryear. It is tied deeply with other nostalgia, longing for what memory has obscured into simpler, kindlier days.
Without tipping my own hand on the matter too much, I think such presumptions were made to be overturned. Memory has a tendency to abandon half of what occurred, either the good or the ill. And given that we have been without, well, straight forward horror for a time, I believe the ill be what is missing.
In this case, perhaps the smell restores a fancy that was clear as a child, but the adult dismissed until recollecting it. Fairy stories have provided us endless terrible creatures that prey on children, from ogres to beasts of the woods. Perhaps he or she recalls a nasty encounter with one of these nightly terrors?
But then, how did they survive?
Leaving that question be, a return home to confront a monster that one believed since childhood to be a mere fable seems a fairly good start for a story. Apart from the ultimate question we mentioned above, there are a few others that will need answering. Why is the person in question back in town? Presumably they left long enough not to encounter the book again. What do they remember the monster as? An imaginary friend? A nightmare? A more mundane horror?
Of course, there is also the question of 'what the thing is?' but that is a question to save for later in the cycle. I think, if we are to create a childhood nightmare, it should be something tailored. Folklore creatures are wonderful, but for now simply inventing a new beast might be better. I've yet to engage in that for sometime. I might fall back on folklore for inspiration, of course, but the field of frightening children is a…broad one indeed. If you have a favorite, post it below!
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Hi ! .Today i am going to ask on synchronized block.
1)Here object means object of any class.i.e we can lock object of any class besides the object of "table" class.
3)then how can we lock object of a class other than table?can you give example based on below programme?
4) if we want to access a variable or method from table class we need object of table .
from two different places simultaneously.
but if we lock object of another class,say X,how can the object of class X can access synchronized block of table class?
because object of class X is not object of table.object of table only can access members of table.
I think you got my doubt.
I request you to clarify my doubt based on below programme.
What is the fastest and most efficient for 3 dimensional structures?
The object you use to lock the block with isn't used to access the method, and in fact, there is nothing "magical" about it, and itcan be any object at all, a String, an array, an Object instance, anything. The object used for locking is often just a token and likely won't be accessing any of the involved code in the synchronized block.
[SOLVED] New to java, need to know how to incorparate system time into a block of code.
By Vesper in forum What's Wrong With My Code?


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