Medizinstudium; Approbation verliehen am 20.06.2003, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Irland.
Membership am Royal College of Surgeons, The Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Irland.
Fellowship am Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Toronto, Post Graduate Medical Education, Toronto, Kanada.
Experimentelle Dissertation mit Verleihung der Doktorwürde, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Irland.
Facharzttitel in Plastischer und Ästhetischer Chirurgie, Landesärztekammer Niedersachsen, Hannover.
Awarded Fellowship des Department of Plastic Surgery, Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Chang Gung Memorial University Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
Fellowship in mikrochirurgischer Lymphknotentransplantation. Prof. van Landuyt, University Hospital Gent, Aalsters Stedelijk Ziekenhuis, Gent, Belgien.
Supermikrochirurgie Fellowship. Prof. Koshima, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokio, Japan.
Clinical Fellowship in rekonstruktiver Mikrochirurgie von Kopf, Hals, Brust und Lymphödemen. Prof. Fu Chang Wei, Chang Gung Memorial University Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
Supermicrosurgery of the Lymphatic System Visiting Fellowship. Prof. Koshima, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokio, Japan.
Awarded Research Fellowship Funding Grant der Henrietta Breast Cancer Foundation für 2 Jahre. Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario, Kanada.
Research Grant Award des Canadian Institute of Health Research for the grant proposal titled "Investigation of Lymph Node Transplantation as Therapy for Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema", Toronto, Ontario, Kanada.
Clinical Fellowship Award der Wolfgang-Müller-Osten-Stiftung, Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgen (BDC), Berlin.
Auszeichnung für die beste Präsentation: "Metastasis/Novel treatments/Predictive and Prognostic Factors", The Canadian Breast Cancer Research Alliance, Vancouver, BC, Kanada.
Auszeichnung für die beste Podiumspräsentation für Mikrochirurgie beim Jahrestreffen der Canadian Society of Plastic Surgery (CSPS) 2008, St. John's, Neufundland, Kanada.
Preis für das beste klinische Tutoring von Medizinstudenten, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Irland.
New York Academy of Medicine "Lewis Rudin Award" für den preisgekrönten Fachartikel: "Identification of lymphatics in the ciliary body of the human eye: a novel "uveolymphatic" outflow pathway", New York, New York, USA.
Preis der "Heidenreich von Siebold Stiftung" für zwei Jahre, zur Erforschung des Themas: "Investigation of Microsurgical Techniques as Therapy for Post-Surgical Lymphedema", Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen.
Session Co-Chair, "Social and Research Aspect of Lymphedema related illness", 35. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Lymphologie, Göttingen.
Faculty Member der 2nd Supermicrosurgery European Conference: "In Search of the Ideal Surgical Treatment for Lymphedema", Barcelona, Spanien.
Reviewer von Grant applications des Student Summer Research Program. Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario, Kanada.
Gutachter von Forschungsanträgen bei der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Berlin.
Audit of Hand Injuries in Labor workers. The Irish Association of Plastic Surgery (IAPS) Annual Meeting, Cork, Irland, Mai 2006.
Quantification of Lymphatic Function Following Lymphatic Vessel Injury or Lymph Node Excision. The Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons (CSPS) 61st Annual Meeting, Banff, Alberta, Kanada, Mai 2007.
Microsurgical Autotransplantation of Lymph Nodes and the Prevention of Experimental Lymphedema. The Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons (CSPS) 62nd Annual Meeting, John's, Neufundland, Kanada, Juni 2008.
Experimental Treatment of Post-Surgical Lymphedema with Autologous Lymph Node Transplantation. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie (DGC), München, April 2009.
The Use of Biosynthetic skin substitute (Biobrane) in the Treatment of Exfoliative Skin Disorders. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie (DGC), München, April 2009.
Treatment of Secondary Lymphedemas by Microsurgical Lymph Vessel Transplantation: A Review of 14 Cases. The Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons (CSPS) 64th Annual Meeting, Halifax, Neuschottland, Kanada, Juni 2010.
Surgical Treatment of Secondary Lymphedemas by Microsurgical Lymph Vessel Transplantation. 23rd International Congress of Lymphology, Malmö, Schweden, September 2011.
Treatment of Secondary Lymphedemas by Microsurgical Lymph Node Autotransplantation. 23rd International Congress of Lymphology, Malmö, Schweden, September 2011.
Microsurgical Transplantation of Autologous Lymph Vessels in Sheep as Treatment for Secondary Lymphedema. 16th World Congress of the International Confederation for Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (IPRAS), Vancouver, BC, Kanada, Mai 2011.
How to Build an Experimental Animal Model for lymphatic Research: Lymphangiogenesis after Lymph Node Transfer. 2nd European Conference on Supermicrosurgery, Barcelona, Spanien, März 2012.
Physiology of the Lymphatic System: Lymphangiogenesis Following Microsurgical Lymph Node Transfer. The American Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery (ASRM). Kauai, Hawaii, USA, Januar 2014.
A Novel Microsurgical Concept for the Treatment of Bilateral Lower Extremity Lymphedema. The 7th European Plastic Surgery Research Council (EPSRC). Hamburg, August 2015.
A Selective Microsurgical Approach for Treating Bilateral Lower Extremity Lymphedema. The American Society for Plastic Surgery (ASPS), Boston, Massachusetts, USA, Oktober 2015.
Development and Lymphatic Function Following Lymph Node Excision in Sheep. Journal of Vascular Research 2009: 46: P426-434.
Injuries in Foreign Labour Workers in an Irish University Hospital. Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery 2009: 17 (1): 22-24.
Experimental Assessment of Autologous Lymph Node Transplantation as Treatment of Post-Surgical Lymphedema. Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: 2009: 124 (3) p 777-786.
Identification of lymphatics in the ciliary body of the human eye: a novel "uveolymphatic" outflow pathway. Canadian Journal of Opthalmology 2010: 45 (2): 115-117.
Tobbia D, Sattler T, Felmerer G: Microsurgical Transplantation of Autologus Lymph Vessels in Sheep as Treatment for Secondary Lymphedema. Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery 2011: Vol 19, Supp A.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Dragon Tree Project is quietly taking shape, as we move closer to building our Primary School's new home. As you may know, our transfer papers to our new piece of land have finally come through in September. This affirms the start of our new season of erecting our buildings.
The beautiful piece of land has been marked off and the fence is currently being erected. New site plans have also been developed, with a role out plan of groups of three buildings at a time. The methods used will include rammed earth hybrid for the main buildings, vertical log for the primary classes and cordwood for the Kindergarten and play school. The result will be a specific ambiance for each 'neighbourhood.' The smaller scaled building materials and natural feel are appropriate for the playgroup and Kindergarten. The primary classes would have a solid, upright forest feel, blending in well with the surroundings. And the main buildings would have a more solid and earthy feel.
To keep all parents up to speed with our progress, we are planning to share information on-line and off-line as we progress. We would like to thank each and every donation that has come in so far. This includes some needed materials, such as building sand from Jenkor, poles from the Poleyard and cement from both Buco and Chapman's Hardware.
Many of you may or may not know that Imhoff Waldorf School and Imhoff Campus both purchased relatively large portions of land on Imhoff Farm. These portions were referred to as the Northern (Imhoff Waldorf School) and Southern (Imhoff Campus or IC) portions.
We recently learnt that the purchase of the Southern portion of Imhoff Campus has been finalised. On the 6th of October, the sale was closed and PropGen/Generation Schools Group are the new owners of this part of the land.
To our knowledge the intention of Generation Schools is to open their High School here in 2019, and potentially offering Middle School from January 2018.
We would like to thank Clive Bester (IC) for all the input and guidance he has provided us over the past four years. He has played a huge part in the process of purchasing our piece of land from Imhoff Farm (Red Cliff Properties).
If you have any questions regarding the Dragon Tree Project, please do not hesitate to contact Stefanie Roux.


text:
First 50 Christmas Carols - Ukulele
If you're new to the ukulele, you're probably eager to learn some songs! This book features 50 favorites that beginning players want to strum and sing in melody, lyrics and chord diagrams for standard G-C-E-A tuning. Songs include: Away in a Manger • Coventry Carol • Deck the Hall • Fum, Fum, Fum • Go, Tell It on the Mountain • The Holly and the Ivy • It Came upon the Midnight Clear • Jingle Bells • O Come, All Ye Faithful • Pat-A-Pan • Silent Night • The Twelve Days of Christmas • Up on the Housetop • What Child Is This? • and more.
Ukulele for Kids
A Beginner's Guide with Step-by-Step Instruction for Ukulele
Series: Ukulele
Format: Softcover Audio Online
Author: Chad Johnson
Ukulele for Kids is a fun, easy course that teaches children to play ukulele faster than ever before. Popular songs such as "Yellow Submarine," "The Hokey Pokey," "This Land Is Your Land," "Rock Around the Clock," "You Are My Sunshine" and "Barbara Ann" keep kids motivated, and the clean, simple page layouts ensure their attention remains focused on one concept at a time. The method can be used in combination with a teacher or parent. The accompanying online audio contains tracks for demonstration and play-along. Lessons include: selecting your uke; parts of the uke; holding the uke; hand position; reading music notation and counting; notes on the strings; C, F, C7, Am, G, B-flat, and Gm chords; strumming and picking; and more!
The Hokey Pokey
Run Through The Jungle
This Land Is Your Land
Ukulele Method Book 1
The Hal Leonard Ukulele Method is designed for anyone just learning to play ukulele. This comprehensive and easy-to-use beginner's guide by acclaimed performer and uke master Lil' Rev includes many fun songs of different styles to learn and play.
Includes: types of ukuleles, tuning, music reading, melody playing, chords, strumming, scales, tremolo, music notation and tablature, a variety of music styles, ukulele history and much more.
First 50 Songs - Ukulele
An amazing collection of 50 accessible, must-know favorites for the beginner who's learned enough to feel ready to step into songbooks! This book features melody, lyrics, and chord diagrams.
Escape (The Pina Colada Song)
Everything Is Beautiful
The 59th Street Bridge Song (Feelin' Groovy)
I'd Like To Teach The World To Sing
If I Had A Hammer (The Hammer Song)
Jambalaya (On The Bayou)
Mack The Knife
One Toke Over The Line
Pearly Shells (Pupu O Ewa)
Puff The Magic Dragon
Put A Little Love In Your Heart
The Rainbow Connection
Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head
That's Amore (That's Love)
Essential Elements for Ukulele – Method Book 1
Playing the ukulele is an enjoyable, easy, and inexpensive way to get involved in music. It provides a way to learn musical concepts and skills that can apply to any instrument you decide to study. Moreover, it will give you a great opportunity to share the joy of making music with other people.
This book will help to provide you with the basic skills and musical background you need to get started.
This carefully crafted method emphasizes chord strumming skills; teaching students HOW to practice; note reading exercises; "chord challenges" to learn how to figure out chord progressions; tab reading; and more. It also includes nearly 30 familiar songs that students can play while still learning.
Frere Jacques (Are You Sleeping?)
Go Tell Aunt Rhody
He's Got The Whole World In His Hands
Jamaica Farewell
Li'l Liza Jane (Go Li'l Liza)
Michael Row The Boat Ashore
On Top Of Old Smoky
Shortnin' Bread - Pick A Bale O' Cotton
Swing Low, Sweet Chariot
Play Ukulele Today Level 1
This is the ultimate self-teaching method designed to offer quality instruction, terrific songs, and professional-quality audio with 61 full-demo tracks. It can be used by students who want to teach themselves or by teachers for private or group instruction. Simply follow the tips and lessons in the book as you listen to the teacher on the audio tracks.
This book includes over 60 great songs and covers: songs, chords and melodies; picking and strumming; playing tips and techniques; music notation; and more. The audio is accessed online and features playback tools including the ability to change the tempo and loop challenging parts.
The Beatles For Finger Style Ukulele
The Beatles for Fingerstyle Ukulele contains 25 favorite songs, each presented two ways: first as solo fingerstyle arrangements for playing simple chord-melody instrumentals with tab and chord diagrams included and also as lyric-and-chord lead sheets for basic strumming and singing.
Songs are introduced in order of difficulty and also include fun and interesting facts about the Beatles' original recordings and history.
The Daily Ukulele
Strum a different song every day with easy arrangements of 365 of your favorite songs in one big songbook! The Daily Ukulele features ukulele arrangements with melody, lyrics and uke chord grids and are in ukulele-friendly keys that are particularly suited for groups of one to one hundred to play and sing.
Includes favorites by the Beatles, Beach Boys and Bob Dylan, folk songs, pop songs, kids' songs, Christmas carols and Broadway and Hollywood tunes, all with a spiral binding for ease of use.
Also features a Tips & Techniques section, chord chart, and vintage ukulele-themed photos and art throughout.
The Daily Ukulele offers ukulele fun all year long!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Plasmodium berghei is a single-celled parasite causing rodent malaria. It is in the Plasmodium subgenus Vinckeia.

Originally, isolated from thicket rats in Central Africa, P. berghei is one of four Plasmodium species that have been described in African murine rodents, the others being P. chabaudi, P. vinckei, and P. yoelii. Due to its ability to infect rodents and relative ease of genetic engineering, P. berghei is a popular model organism for the study of human malaria.

Biology
Like all malaria parasites of mammals, including the four human malaria parasites, P. berghei is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes and it infects the liver after being injected into the bloodstream by a bite of an infected female mosquito. After a short period (a few days) of development and multiplication, these parasites leave the liver and invade erythrocytes (red blood cells). The multiplication of the parasite in the blood causes the pathology such as anaemia and damage of essential organs of the host such as lungs, liver, spleen. P. berghei infections may also affect the brain and can be the cause of cerebral complications in laboratory mice (cerebral murine malaria, CMM). These symptoms are to a certain degree comparable to symptoms of cerebral malaria in patients infected with the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.

Although sexuality is necessary in vivo in P. berghei as normal for most sexual organisms, it is a stark competitive disadvantage in vitro. Sinha et al., 2014 implement both mechanical passaging and competitive assay to demonstrate the advantage of loss of gametocyte production: During mechanical passage successive generations are found to naturally trend toward lower gametocytaemia; and nonsexuals outcompete sexuals rapidly when placed together in vitro.

Immunochemistry
Endothelin 1 has an uncertain role in producing cerebral murine malaria. Martins et al., 2016 find blockade of endothelin-1 prevents CMM and its symptoms and supplementation helps to produce it. Subramaniam et al., 2015 find mice increase production of BTNL2 during infection and so it is probably protective. Chertow et al., 2015 find the asymmetric dimethylarginine-to-arginine ratio is indicative of disease severity in mice with P. berghei ANKA. This ratio is a metric of arginine bioavailability and in this disease they find it predicts degree of endothelial dysfunction.

Strains
Some strains produce cerebral murine malaria and some do not.
  produces CMM. Martins et al., 2016 find endothelin-1 production is vital to CMM disease progression. Subramaniam et al., 2015 find mice respond to ANKA by increasing BTNL2. Chertow et al., 2015 find arginine metabolism indicative of disease severity.
  notably does not produce CMM. Martins et al., 2016 find NK65 can produce CMM under supplementation of endothelin-1.
See section above for specific molecules' interactions.

Distribution
Plasmodium berghei is found in the forests of Central Africa, where its natural cyclic hosts are the thicket rat (Grammomys surdaster) and the mosquito (Anopheles dureni).

Hosts
Plasmodium berghei was first identified in the thicket rat (Grammomys surdaster). It has also been described in Leggada bella, Praomys jacksoni and Thamnomys surdaster. In research laboratories, various rodents can be infected, such as mice (Mus musculus), rats and gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). In M. musculus ⇔ P. b. ANKA, downregulation of responses is necessary to prevent self-inflicted damage leading to CMM. Specifically, Sarfo et al., 2011 finds mice produce the cytokine interleukin-10 (cIL-10) to suppress otherwise-potentially-deadly CMM damage from others of their own immune factors.

The natural insect host of P. berghei is likely Anopheles dureni, however in laboratory conditions it has also been shown to infect An. stephensi.

Gene interactions
In Mus musculus ⇔ the P. b. ANKA strain various genes affect the incidence of cerebral murine malaria. Kassa et al., 2016 finds several genes to be of no effect:
 Apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1)
 Low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)
 Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1)
 Very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR)
They find one improves survival probability:
 Apolipoprotein E (APOE)

An. gambiaes hemocytes transcribe a wide array of molecular responses to Plasmodium infections. In response to this species, Baton et al., 2009 find this includes increased expression of the prophenoloxidase gene, cascading to increase phenoloxidase and thereby melanization.

Treatment
Some phytochemicals show efficacy against P. berghei. Bankole et al., 2016 find Markhamia tomentosa to be highly effective, comparable to chloroquine, while Monoon longifolium is also significantly effective. They find Trichilia heudelotii to be ineffective.

History
This species was first described by Vincke and Lips in 1948 in the Belgian Congo.

Research
Plasmodium berghei infection of laboratory mouse strains is frequently used in research as a model for human malaria. In the laboratory the natural hosts have been replaced by a number of commercially available laboratory mouse strains, and the mosquito Anopheles stephensi, which is comparatively easily reared and maintained under defined laboratory conditions.

P. berghei is used as a model organism for the investigation of human malaria because of its similarity to the Plasmodium species which cause human malaria. P. berghei has a very similar life-cycle to the species that infect humans, and it causes disease in mice which has signs similar to those seen in human malaria. Importantly, P. berghei can be genetically manipulated more easily than the species which infect humans, making it a useful model for research into Plasmodium genetics.

In several aspects the pathology caused by P. berghei in mice differs from malaria caused by P. falciparum in humans. In particular, while death from P. falciparum malaria in humans is most frequently caused by the accumulation of red blood cells in the blood vessels of the brain, it is unclear to what extent this occurs in mice infected with P. berghei. Instead, in P. berghei infection, mice are found to have an accumulation of immune cells in brain blood vessels. This has led some to question the use of P. berghei infections in mice as an appropriate model of cerebral malaria in humans.

P. berghei can be genetically manipulated in the laboratory using standard genetic engineering technologies. Consequently, this parasite is often used for the analysis of the function of malaria genes using the technology of genetic modification. Additionally, the genome of P. berghei has been sequenced and it shows a high similarity, both in structure and gene content, with the genome of the primate malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.

A number of genetically modified P. berghei lines have been generated which express fluorescent reporter proteins such as Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and mCherry (red) or bioluminescent reporters such as Luciferase. These transgenic parasites are important tools to study and visualize the parasites in the living host.

P. berghei is used in research programs for development and screening of anti-malarial drugs and for the development of an effective vaccine against malaria.

References

External links

General information about (the biology of) P. berghei
www.pberghei.nl/homepage/model-of-malaria

Information about the genome and genes of P. berghei
www.pberghei.eu
plasmogem.sanger.ac.uk
www.plasmodb.org/plasmo/app
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&Cmd=Search&Term=txid5821

berghei
Parasites of rodents

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


remote users without admin rights to change the configuration.
group activities and share files.
Martin Muench, from it.sec, found a flaw in the setup.php file.
admin rights to make unauthorized changes to PHProjekt configuration.
# emerge --ask --oneshot --verbose ">=www-apps/phprojekt-4.2-r1"


On a cool spring evening in the nineteen fifties the band at the Moulin Rouge was especially bright, the showgirls were especially dazzling. Four-month-old Lola was stolen from her dancing mother's dressing room by her father's elite French family. the high-minded aristocrats whisked little Lola to the United States, to the very middle of the country where she would be safe, well-fed and, of course, where she would learn English without an accent.
Today, Lola travels to Paris as often as she can, looking for her mother in the artsy bohemian neighborhoods of the Latin Quarter and the Marais, and hoping to bump into her father's aristocratic family in the luscious restaurants of the Left Bank and in the elegant shops of the Triangle d'or.
All of Paris is Lola's playground, and lucky you, she's inviting you to be her playmate!


First three words which comes to mind: OMG that sashimi!
The boyfriend loves Japanese food (I'm a fan too, but not as much as he is), so when he first took me here, let's say he won my heart (and my stomach)! It is now our go-to Japanese restaurant, and we regularly come here to try out everything (literally everything) on the menu.
Don't get me wrong, I've tried lots of other Japanese places before in London, but nothing seems to compare quality-wise or food-size wise to this restaurant, which is why we find ourselves returning for more!
The outstanding quality of the seafood, especially sashimi (raw fish), is something to be praised, and the restaurant does not sacrifice it's portion size too – so it is ideal to bring a hungry eater (i.e. the boyfriend, a.k.a. the one who finishes up all your left-overs, a.k.a. the one who always complains about not being full enough) here and leave with a full stomach without burning a hole in your pockets!
There is also a large variety on the menu, ranging from a selection of sashimi, sushi rolls and handrolls if you fancy raw fish, to ramen, udon or soba if you prefer noodles. Needless to say, there are pages and pages of other hot food on the menu, but the one I would like to recommend is the bento boxes.
These bento boxes are decent size meals, and come with a portion of meat, tofu, 2 small pieces of sushi, salad and a serving of rice. Additionally, they offer a small bowl of miso soup to accompany these bento boxes (bonus!) I have tried the teriyaki salmon and pork katsu bento boxes (loved them!!!) but still have the unagi (eel) and tempura bento boxes on my list to try! So next time you can't make up your mind and want to try everything, the bento boxes might be a good choice to satisfy all those cravings!
Another thing worth mentioning is that they also serve some Japanese street food / snacks which are perfect to be ordered as sides. Our top pick would be the agedashi tofu, which is a crispy fried tofu served in tsuyu sauce, garnished with shredded seaweed. We love tofu, so instantly fell in love with this tofu dish served hot!
Another one of my absolute favourite is takoyaki, which are diced octopus balls covered with flour batter, topped with sweet takoyaki sauce and mayonnaise and sprinkled with dried bonito flakes. It's quite hard to explain how good these bad-boys are, so if you've never tried takoyaki before, I would recommend getting a portion of these next time you visit Eat Tokyo.
A meal here can range from £15 per person up to £30-40 per person (or more!) depending on what you order. For example, if you are on a tight budget, you can order a Donburi (rice dish) or a bowl of noodles (udon/ramen/soba) and this will set you back by only £10-15. Bento boxes range from £10-£20 depending on the meat you choose. However, if you feel like eating some good quality sashimi, there are sashimi boats which can easily cost you £25 upwards. I guess the old saying "you get what you pay for" is true in this instance.
Verdict: The most authentic Japanese food I have tried here in London. Would go back in a heartbeat!
To note: The restaurant can get very busy at peak lunch/dinner time so be sure to go there early or be prepared to wait in queue for a table! I've seen people wait an hour or longer for a table. Otherwise, try booking in advance. I know the Holborn branch takes reservations, even for Friday or Saturday nights (we always make a reservation before we go). I would try to avoid the Soho branch as I always see a huge line of people waiting every time I wander past.
Know any good food places to recommend? Let me know in a comment – I can't wait to try!
First three words which comes to mind: Korean Fried Chicken!!!
Needless to say, I love Asian food. And when it comes to good Korean food in London, I can only think of a few places, and On the Bab is one of them! Good sized food, friendly staff and mouth-watering fried chicken all adds to the charm of the place.
Pa Jeon (Korean Seafood Pancake) – These are small dishes to share as starters, so don't be surprised with the size of the dish! I love these pancakes as they are so tasty especially with the sweet soy dipping sauce. There is also Kimchi Jeon (Kimchi pancake) if you want to try something different.
All in all, we spent £47 on a meal for 2 people (we had a mango juice each as drink), although we did have some spare fried chickens to take away. We were too ambitious – or hungry- when ordering a medium sized (12 pieces) fried chicken dish. In hindsight, we could easily have been satisfied with the small (5 pieces) dish at half the price.
Average costs : £20 per person will get you a starter and small fried chicken to share, a main meal and a drink (non-alcoholic: tea/juice/soft drink) each.
Verdict: Great Korean food fix with mouth-watering fried chicken!
To note: The restaurant can get very busy at peak lunch/dinner time so be sure to go there early or be prepared to wait in queue for a table!


Seeking to plug a projected $16 million budget gap that�s only expected to widen in coming months, the Eugene School District reached a tentative agreement with its teachers union Tuesday to cut seven contract days from the 2009-10 school year only one of which would be a day students would normally be in school.
Reducing days would save the district $1.9 million, amounting to a 3.5 percent salary cut for teachers a particular hardship for those on the low end of the pay scale, said Paul Duchin, co-president of the Eugene Education Association.
�This is a big sacrifice for a lot of people,� he said, noting that it�s financially easier for an administrator to absorb such a setback than for a young teacher. First-year teachers with master�s degrees earn a base salary of about $37,600.
Teachers, who are in the second year of a three-year contract, will still receive a promised 3.25 percent cost-of-living increase. And those eligible for experience-based steps anyone in their first 15 years of teaching will see an additional 3.7 percent increase.
Administrators and managerial employees, who aren�t part of a bargaining unit, have already agreed to forgo a scheduled 3.25 percent cost-of-living increase, though those eligible for steps will still get a 5 percent raise.
Talks with the union representing classified employees are ongoing, but Susan Fahey, director of financial services, said the district will seek proportionate concessions.
Tuesday�s tentative pact which teachers are scheduled to ratify at 6 p.m. Thursday took some negotiating. Union representatives had unveiled their proposal at a March 4 meeting, and said they came away with an understanding that giving up so many days of pay would forestall the need for a districtwide reduction in force.
But at a budget committee meeting a few days later, Superintendent George Russell sought and received the go-ahead to raise the student-to-teacher ratio by 1, eliminating the equivalent of nearly 25 full-time positions.
The committee also supported reducing 4� physical education positions and four positions generally set aside to stabilize classrooms at schools dealing with unexpected enrollment fluctuations.
Union representatives voiced surprise and vexation at the district�s intent to go ahead with the ratio change, even with their proposal to cut days. But Christine Nesbit, associate director of human resources, told them she had been clear at the earlier meeting that a ratio change would still be necessary.
The dispute prompted the two sides to meet separately in caucus several times during Tuesday�s nearly four-hour meeting.
In lieu of reversing the ratio change, teachers asked the district to sign off on plowing any unspent compensation funds money budgeted for next year�s teacher salaries into teacher pay in 2010-11.
But district representatives balked, saying it wouldn�t be wise to commit potential savings for any particular purpose, given the possible magnitude and duration of the fiscal crisis.
�What you�re asking, in my view, is a big deal,� Nesbit said.
Later, Nesbit said the district would agree to report next spring any underspending for compensation but with no promise on how those funds might be used. Teachers, who by then will be negotiating a successor contract, acquiesced.
The other six days to be cut from the teaching year include 1.5 days of mandatory planning; 1.5 days of optional planning, when teachers aren�t required to report to work; and three days of training, one of which is a statewide in-service day.
Under the current contract, the union pays wages on that in-service day, using funds from its own insurance reserves; under the tentative pact, the union would instead keep those funds to help cover an expected increase in members� out-of-pocket health insurance contribution.
The current contract added 4� paid days for teachers, all for either planning or training. The days guaranteed only for the life of the contract were an attempt to ease the burden of an increasing workload.
That pact was negotiated in the wake of a substantial pay raise for administrators, which the teachers� union said broke a mutual agreement to maintain parity among contracts.
Nesbit said the district had asked teachers to consider freezing the cost-of-living increase, but they declined to reopen that section of the contract.
Duchin reiterated Tuesday the necessity to preserve �the sanctity of the salary schedule� to prevent inequities in future years.
Hoping to stave off actual layoffs, the district is offering an early retirement incentive of $10,000. If enough teachers take it, there might be enough open positions to keep remaining employees.
Districts all over the state are seeking concessions from employees many of them not just for 2009-10, but for the remainder of this school year as well.
The South Lane district in Cottage Grove announced this week it will cut three more days from the current school year, on top of three already.
In Portland, Superintendent Carole Smith is seeking agreements on cost-of-living freezes next year for most employees.


Is Rocketry in Canada on the Rise Again?
Black Brant launch. Credit: Magellan Aerospace.
The SpaceX Falcon Heavy launch this week has ignited a debate within Canada as to whether we need our own launch capability. The government policy currently is that we don't need the capability. Is it time to revisit or modify that policy to take into account commercial efforts?
It is rare that mainstream media wades into an issue that only the space community discusses, one in which only a subset of that community talks about this topic occasionally. But this week has seen a rare moment, the launch of a new powerful rocket that succeeded on its first launch. And because of the marketing savvy Elon Musk and his team at SpaceX the event had more public exposure because of the unusual payload of a Cherry red Telsa roadster with a dummy wearing a spacesuit.
The CBC first published the story Why doesn't Canada have a rocket program? which started the discussion. This was followed up by a segment on CBC radio program The Current with Anna Maria Tremonti which was called Failure to launch: Canada's lack of a rocket program leaves us grounded, say experts.
Even before the SpaceX launch and this coverage, students had been clamoring for the ability to launch suborbital rockets in Canada. Yes, government red tape instituted decades ago, and which have not been revised for the 21st century, still exists and makes it almost impossible to launch a rocket in Canada over a certain height.
At the Montreal Space Symposium last fall I interviewed the student organizers of the event who spoke about how Canadian students are excelling at rocketry but have to head to the U.S. to launch their rockets.
I also spoke with other students on this topic and for many, as highlighted in the CBC article, their only option to work in the rocketry area is to leave Canada.
Let's remember that Elon Musk is Canadian, went to Queens University and ultimately left Canada to pursue his dreams in the U.S. He was followed by many other Canadians who now work at SpaceX and other U.S. space companies.
Should rocketry be on the rise in Canada? Absolutely.
Should the government fund rocketry in Canada? Absolutely.
Should Canada have an indigenous government launch vehicle development program? Absolutely.
Why? Because it's a long standing government policy that we don't need our own rocket.
It comes down to this. The government believes it can purchase launches from foreign suppliers when it needs to. And it's right. However, there are trade-offs. The most pressing being that you don't control the timetable of when your satellite will launch.
I could go on citing reasons why Canada should develop it's own launch capability but I won't. I'll only says this at this time as we'll be covering this topic more in the near future. What the government should do is revise regulations regarding rocketry in Canada to make it easier to launch suborbital and orbital launch vehicles.
There are efforts underway, credible ones, to develop launch technologies in Canada. The government should support them. And based on what I'm hearing, the Canadian Space Agency is making small investments in technologies related to launch vehicles.
The government should not stand in the way of commercial efforts to develop launch capability. At a minimum, the government should provide clear and updated regulations for commercial efforts.
For a little history of rocketry in Canada we are publishing the following two articles today from our former magazine Space Quarterly.


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Consider this: since Bronwyn Bishop finally left the federal Parliament nine months ago – kicking and screaming after being rolled by her own party – Australian taxpayers have paid her nearly $200,000.
Her parliamentary pension delivers her roughly $700 a day – 11 times more than your average age pensioner. She gets more every single day than workers on the minimum wage get in a week.
Is your blood boiling yet? Well, we'll be paying her about a quarter of a million dollars every year for the rest of her life. And knowing Bishop – her sheer obstinacy – the 74-year-old will live for many years to come.
What do taxpayers get for this investment?
Well, nowadays she spends a lot of her time on Sky News venting her spleen about "socialists" – a label that seems to encompass just about everyone but her. And presumably Sky pays her extra to do that.
She was at it again last night. In yet another gobsmackingly brazen display of entitlement, Bishop made it clear she learnt nothing from the expenses scandal that ended her speakership and, ultimately, her career.
"Gimme a break," she spat. "I did nothing wrong."
Pointing to a front-page story proving she refused to properly co-operate with the "choppergate" investigation, Bishop bemoaned there were no front pages about the scandals rocking the Victorian Labor government.
"It's one rule for those on the conservative side and another rule for socialists," she said.
But of course, there have been front pages about those Labor scandals – many of them – in both The Age and the Herald Sun.
Federally, Labor MPs have been humiliated by reporting on their dumb actions around expenses, donations and financial interests. Just ask Sam Dastyari or David Feeney, both now on the backbenches. For that matter, let's ask Eddie Obeid.
Yet Bishop clings to this fiction she was only targeted because she's a conservative.
She's the prime example of what happens to politicians – particularly those like her, the righteous warriors so ideologically blinkered they think they can do no wrong – when they're in the Canberra bubble too long.
She lost touch not only with voters and their standards and expectations, she also lost touch with reality.
She lives in a world where the reds are still lurking under the bed. Where even Rupert Murdoch's papers are being run by commies, desperately trying to bring down the conservative establishment.
She also clearly hasn't grappled with this simple fact: it was not the media that ultimately ended her career, but her own party. Fed up with her imperious nonsense, they dumped her like yesterday's garbage.
I suppose they're all socialists too.
But really, if she's so concerned about socialism maybe she should lead by example and forgo that $250,000 pension.


Caregivers need to understand how to listen to and communicate with their Alzheimer's patients. This is essential for understanding their needs and developing a friendly relationship between caregiver and client. Make your caregivers aware of these simple steps.
Be Patient. Alzheimer's patients may have difficulty finding the right words to describe what they are thinking. They may stay silent when they are trying to organize the words in their head.
Eliminate Distractions. The tv, phone, magazines, etc. may be inappropriate to use when conversing with your client. If your client is talking during a movie, turn the volume down. If you are on the phone, tell the person to hold for a couple of minutes.
Agree to Disagree. Expect that the opinions, habits, and interests of your client will be vastly different from yourself.
Be Reassuring. Alzheimer's patients may be tempted to give up on communicating because of frustration or anxiety. Encourage your clients to speak their mind in their own words and that what they have to say is important to you.
Be Positive. Remember to smile when you listen to your clients! Expand on positive statements that your clients bring up.
Take Interest in Feelings. Emotions may be some of the easiest subjects for a client to express because they experience them daily. Highlight a good day or when you catch your client smiling or laughing.


text:
Rick and Morty: The Complete Seasons 1-4 Blu-ray Review
June 23, 2021/Gordon S. Miller/No Comments
Rick and Morty was created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon. A series of animated shorts by Roiland that featured parodies of Doc and Marty from Back to the Future is where the show originated. It is an outrageous TV series about a dysfunctional family who go on intergalactic, interdimensional adventures. Rick (Roiland) is a brilliant scientist and inventor, the greatest mind that ever existed if you ask him and one of the most depraved. Rick's Machiavellian ways are on display in "The Pilot" where viewers see how easily he risks the life of his 14-year-old grandson Morty (Roiland) by using him to illegally transport contraband. Rick has just come back into his daughter Beth's (Sarah Chalke) life and moved in with her family to the chagrin of her milquetoast husband Jerry (Chris Parnell), who suffers great indignities as the series progress. Seventeen-year-old Summer (Spencer Grammer) rounds out the clan.
A multiverse is established in "Rick Potion #9" where Rick and Morty take the place of a parallel dimension Rick and Morty who died. The series gets even more mind-blowing during "Close Rick-counters of the Rick Kind" when Prime Rick is framed for the murder of 27 Ricks and kidnapping their respective Mortys. The season concludes with "Ricksy Business" which brings to mind The Cat in the Hat as Rick and his grandkids have to clean the house after an out-of-control party before Jerry and Beth get home. Rick affects the passage of time in order to accomplish the task. Another highlight is "Rixty Minutes," which finds Rick opening up a portal to access interdimensional cable programming. This allows for a lot of jokes, and is revisited in Season 2's "Interdimensional Cable 2: Tempting Fate."
Over the following seasons, the show expands its focus beyond Rick and Morty heading out on adventures and the family dynamics play out. Summer occasionally joins them. Rick causes turmoil for Beth and Jerry, leading them to marriage counseling on an alien planet in "Big Trouble in Little Sanchez" where it is revealed how they see each other. Unfortunately, though there is comedy derived from it, they divorce in Season 3. Although an even greater disruption for Beth occurs in Season 4 final episode, "Star Mort Rickturn of the Jerri," where she not only discovers a clone of herself, but Rick isn't sure which is the clone.
Viewers get to learn more about Rick over the seasons as well, from his past relationship with Unity, a hive mind, in "Auto Erotic Assimilation," to how immoral he is, as in "The Ricks Must Be Crazy," where it is revealed his ship's battery is powered by the people of a tiny universe within. Rick threatened them with destruction if they don't create electricity for the battery. Although he appears to care for his family, even Jerry, Rick transfers his consciousness into a pickle to escape family therapy in an amazing (and surprisingly since he's a pickle) action-packed episode.
Rick and Morty riffs on pop culture and well-known science fiction stories, such as "Rest and Ricklaxation" with Rick and Morty divided into Clean and Toxic versions of themselves when an alien machine extracts their negative traits, which happened to Star Trek's Captain Kirk in "The Enemy Within". It also gets meta such as in "Never Ricking Morty" when Rick and Morty have to escape the Story Train in an episode that refers a lot to writing.
The video of Season 1 and 2 have a 1080p/VC-1 encoded transfer. Season 3 and 4 are 1080p/MPEG-4 AVC. All displayed in the original aspect ratio of 1.78:1. Throughout the seasons, colors are appear in vibrant hues, blacks are inky, and whites are bright. The thin line work of characters and objects help separate them from backgrounds.
The audio on all seasons is available in Dolby TrueHD 5.1. Dialogue is anchored in the front channel. Ambiance and other effects come through in the surrounds, offering a more immersive experience than many animated TV shows. The action and explosions make use of the subwoofer.
The extras are plentiful for adoring fans and all are in HD. Seasons 1-3 offer a look at early versions of the episodes in Animatics, including deleted scenes. There is audio commentary on all the episodes from those seasons with appearances by notable TV creators such as The Simpsons crew; Robert Kirkman and Scott M. Gimple from The Walking Dead; Pendleton Ward and Kent Osborne from Adventure Time; and David Benioff, D.B. Weiss, and Peter Dinklage and Games of Thrones. Season 3 and 4 offer a peek "Inside the Episodes" of each episode with the creative team.
Season 3 takes viewers "Inside the Recording Booth" (6 min) with Parnell and Grammer taking direction from Roiland. "Rick and Morty Origins" Parts 1 (5 min) and 2 (5 min) is as described.
Season 4 shines the spotlight on a number of crew members. "A Day at Rick and Morty: Inside Season 4" (9 min) takes place while working on Season 4 and prepping for Season 5. There's a lot of complaining about being behind, but it didn't affect the quality of the work. Creating Snake Jazz (3 min) with Ryan Elder composing for "Rattlestar Ricklactica". Four directors talk about their approach in "Directing Rick and Morty" (3 min). Brief looks at "Prop Process" (3 min), "Character Creation" (3 min) and "Animation Challenges" (3 min). Samurai & Shogun (5 min) is a short inspired by Lone Wolf and Cub.
A couple of the extras I could have skipped. "Behind the Scenes" (19 min) from Season 1 is a ridiculous, intentionally obnoxious featurette about the creation of the show. "Rick and Morty Season 2 Premiere Party Featuring Chaos Chaos" (43 min) – Recorded live at CineSpace in Los Angeles, the band plays while people draw images projected on the screen behind them.
For those who like their humor dark, violence graphic, and characters nihilistic, Rick and Morty is the show for you. As the series progresses, the consequences of the characters' choices are diluted. There's no telling when they will time travel, jump to an alternate universe, or reveal they are in a computer simulation or one of the infinite versions of themselves to overcome any loss. But considering the writers provide so many laughs this way, it's good they have so many options at their disposal. The high-def presentation highlights the animation. Rick and Morty: The Complete Seasons 1-4 is a repackaging of the previous Complete Season collections. It comes with a poster of the family.
Posted in Blu-ray, Review, TV
Gordon S. Miller
Publisher/Editor-in-Chief of this site.
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text:
Q: Is it possible to perform a select into table of object type? So i have a type
create or replace type body T_Some_type is object
  (...fields)

and i have a table type made of rows of type T_Some_type
create or replace TYPE T_Some_Table IS TABLE OF T_Some_type;

and i would like to select rows from some view to this T_Some_Table
select *
        into T_Some_Table
        from V_Some_View

Is this even possible, and are there any cons for doing it this way (if possible at all).
Do columns in T_Some_Type have to be in same order as in V_Some_View or will plsql do binding here if names of columns are the same?
If not possible, what would be alternative?
Edit : Having bodies defined is assumed, they are not here as they are not relevant to the question.

A: It is possible, more or less how the OP wanted to do it:
SELECT *
  BULK COLLECT INTO v_some_table
  FROM <some_source_table>;

For more detail, see: https://blogs.oracle.com/oraclemagazine/on-bulk-collect - worked for me in Oracle 12.1.

A: Yes, it is. You need to wrap your columns in the object's constructor and use the BULK COLLECT option in the SELECT statement:
CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE t_some_type AS OBJECT(f varchar2(10))
/

CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE t_some_table IS TABLE OF t_some_type
/

DECLARE
   v_some_table t_some_table;
BEGIN
   SELECT t_some_type (dummy)
   BULK   COLLECT INTO v_some_table
   FROM   DUAL;
END;

As an aside, you also need to make sure that you create the object specification, not just the body (as in your example).
Columns in the SELECT must be in the same order as they're found in the object's constructor. If you have not explicitly defined a constructor, one explicitly exists with each column in the order declared in the specification.
The only downside to using this functionality is that a large number of rows will result in heavy memory usage. If you expect to use this to process a large number of rows, you should use a loop with the LIMIT clause.

It is possible to specify an explicit constructor, in addition to the column list found in the specification. The constructor can have whatever input you define, so, obviously, when you use an explicit constructor, you have to follow it's argument list. Here's an example:
CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE t_some_type AS OBJECT
(
   f1 VARCHAR2 (10),
   CONSTRUCTOR FUNCTION t_some_type (p_length NUMBER, p_value VARCHAR2)
      RETURN SELF AS RESULT
);
/

CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE BODY t_some_type AS
   CONSTRUCTOR FUNCTION t_some_type (p_length NUMBER, p_value VARCHAR2)
      RETURN SELF AS RESULT IS
   BEGIN
      self.f1 := LPAD (p_value, p_length, p_value);
      RETURN;
   END t_some_type;
END;
/

CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE t_some_table IS TABLE OF t_some_type
/

DECLARE
   v_some_table t_some_table;
BEGIN
   --Explicit Constructor
   SELECT t_some_type (10, dummy)
   BULK   COLLECT INTO v_some_table
   FROM   DUAL;
   DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line (v_some_table (1).f1);

   --Implicit Constructor
   SELECT t_some_type (dummy)
   BULK   COLLECT INTO v_some_table
   FROM   DUAL;
   DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line (v_some_table (1).f1);
END;

A: you can set fields from select by example
CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE t_some_type AS OBJECT(f varchar2(10), y varchar2(10))
/

CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE t_some_table IS TABLE OF t_some_type
/

DECLARE
   v_some_table t_some_table;
   v_counter int;
BEGIN
   SELECT t_some_type (column_1, column_2)
   BULK   COLLECT INTO v_some_table
   FROM   some_table;

   -- show the count data fetched

   dbms_output.put_line( 'counter value: ' || to_char(v_counter));

END;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Being able to live a healthier life is very important more than ever. Our world today has become a nest for various diseases and illnesses that impede us from showing our full potential.
Each morning we wake up, it is crucial always to set the phase right. Mornings though are undeniably the hardest part of the day, most of us don't want to wake up especially when were locked inside the comfort of our bedrooms. If you are looking to better yourself each morning instead of struggling, here are ten habits to live a healthier life.
Conditioning yourself early in the morning is critical. Most of us wake up rushing since we spend most of our time extending our alarm clock each morning just to catch some more time with our pillows. This is actually a wrong practice, instead of spending a lot of time staying late at night since we think this is an ideal time to plan for tomorrow, start waking up early, sit in your bed, plan your day ahead of time and start your day right.
Stop the habit of just waking up and directly going to the bathroom each morning and start spending some time to do a stretching routine. This habit is very helpful for conditioning purposes. Let your blood flow freely through those tired and lazy veins and start energizing yourself. This conditioning method will surely keep everything straight.
Drinking water the moment you wake up in the morning is a very healthy practice when you put some lemon to it; it even makes this practice better. Lemon is known to the medical world to have qualities that will condition your internals before starting your day. Be sure to use warm as this is more advisable than cold water to avoid stomach shock.
Another important thing that most of us tend to forget due to cramming is exercise. Giving your body work out before starting the day is a very good habit. Not only that it conditions your body to stay fit, but exercising is also a good practice to keep your mind sharp to be able to cut through the challenges of another day.
There are a lot of programs you can choose from in terms of morning exercises. Some would spend more time in stretching; some would walk, while some would spend some time with their weights before they start their day. It is vital to consider your body needs before picking any type of program to make sure each time you spent for exercising is worth it.
Connecting to something which is beyond the physical realm is very important. Saying a little prayer, spending a few minutes to meditate, and just thinking about how life's going on is one of the best habits to stay healthy. Yoga is also a helpful exercise as this allows us to connect with our inner self while keeping our body fit.
Before you digest anything and start your day, make it a habit of digesting an inspirational quote and making it a compass to set your day right. Pick a collection of quotes from people and author you admire. The ability to meditate, focus and digest things in a transcendental manner is a very helpful way to be able to understand and live life better and healthier.
Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. While most of us tend to forget and skip breakfast thinking this is just a waste of time, we're wrong. Breakfast is the best time to refill and re-energize, hence, stop skipping breakfast and no dieting. From now on, eat healthily and start storing energy to make sure you make it through the day.
Goal setting is very important in all walks of life, but most importantly, it is one of the best habits you should start practicing each morning. Be sure to list the things to do and arrange them according to how you'd like to prioritize those tasks. Set time frames and action plans to hit those things you missed the previous day.
Once you've done all of these things, make it a habit to stop, clear your mind of any distraction and attain inner peace. Just don't overdo it as you might put yourself into a trance. The best practice is to think about you, just you and try forgetting the world for a bit.
Alice Mackenzie is a professional blogger, an enthusiast who loves to write on several niches including health & dieting.


text:
Exclusive Interview: "The Devil Crept In" Author Ania Ahlborn
February 6, 2017 June 28, 2022 Paul Semel 0 Comments Ania Ahlborn, Ania Ahlborn biography, Ania Ahlborn books in order, Ania Ahlborn Brother, Ania Ahlborn interview, Ania Ahlborn seed, Ania Ahlborn Seed movie, Ania Ahlborn The Devil Crept In, Ania Ahlborn The Devil Crept In interview, Ania Ahlborn vértestvérek, Ania Ahlborn Within These Walls, Author Interviews, Books, Horror, reading, The Devil Crept In
In her previous novel, Brother, writer Ania Ahlborn was inspired by her, "…weird fascination with serial killers [and] extreme rural life," while her book before that, Within These Walls, came out of her being, "…intrigued by cults." But for her newest novel, The Devil Crept In (paperback, digital), Ahlborn has not only again looked into her own dark heart but, as she admits in the following interview, she also watched some TV.
What is The Devil Crept In about?
The Devil Crept In is a story about Stevie, a ten-year-old boy whose cousin, Jude, goes missing. Jude is a bit of a problem child, and because of that fact, Stevie is convinced nobody is actually trying to find him. So Stevie sets out on his own to find Jude, and ends up finding something far darker in the woods behind his home. He becomes convinced that the darkness that's living in the woods is behind Jude's disappearance, but nobody listens.
So it's a novel about the dichotomy of childhood and adulthood. It's a story about what it means to be a kid, and what it feels like to not have anyone listen. And, of course, it's a story about the terrible things that happen when people turn a blind eye to the truth. It's a sort of reverse, extremely dark, boy-who-cried-wolf tale.
Was The Devil Crept In inspired by any real-life kids who disappeared?
It wasn't inspired so much by specific missing child cases as it was by the concept of kids disappearing without a trace. There's a reference in the book to the fact that many people are under the impression that, when a kid goes missing, the world stops spinning until that child is found. I've read about so many cases where that simply isn't true, and most of these cases come out of poorer, rural areas. I wanted to explore that.
One interesting thing about Stevie is that he likes to watch crime shows. Why did you add this element to the story, and what do you think it adds to the story?
I watched Unsolved Mysteries as a kid, and I absolutely loved it. It was scary, because there was Robert Stack, narrating real-life horror stories that could absolutely happen to you.
But I don't think Stevie's affinity for crime shows adds anything to the story as much as it adds to who he is as a character. Without his curiosity and drive to become a detective when he grows up, he very likely wouldn't set out on his search for Jude in the first place.
The Devil Crept In is published by Simon & Schuster, which is a division of CBS. Have you ever tried to use this connection to pitch a story to one of CBS's crime shows, like NCIS or Criminal Minds?
I never have, but I do have a wonderful literary rights agent, who takes care of all of my film and TV rights. So, if you're reading this, CBS…have your people call my people.
Was there one of these crime shows that, you think, was a big influence on The Devil Crept In?
Just Unsolved Mysteries, really.
Now, in the two years since your previous book, Brother, came out, you moved from Portland, Oregon to South Carolina. But you've also said you're not a writer who's influenced by where you live. Does that mean that moving to South Carolina didn't have any impact on The Devil Crept In?
That's right. The Devil Crept In is based in rural Oregon simply because the story fit there, not because I lived in the same state. I wrote all of my other books while living in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and none of them take place in the deserts of the Southwest. Though I've always been inspired by the deep south, so now that I live here, I'm sure the South will start creeping into my work far more frequently than before.
What about the fact that The Devil Crept In is your eighth book? Do you think your style or approach to storytelling has evolved since you started?
I like to think I've evolved into a better storyteller. If I haven't, I'm doing something very wrong.
As far as in what ways, I can't really be the judge of that. Whether I have or haven't evolved, and in what ways that's happened, that seems like a question that should be answered by my readers, not by me. But I can certainly say that writing hasn't gotten any easier. I'm harder on myself now than I was eight books ago.
Even more than some of your other novels, The Devil Crept In seems like it could be a cool movie. Has there been any interest in that?
No interest as of yet, but you never know. My fingers are crossed.
If it was going to be made into a movie, who would you cast for the main roles?
Oh man, I mean… Stranger Things was incredible, right? Finn Wolfhard, who played Mike, or Noah Shnapp, who played Will, would both make an amazing Stevie. Gaten Matarazzo would be fantastic as Jude. And for some reason, I always picture Sarah Paulson [American Horror Story: Hotel] as Aunt Mandy and Vera Farmiga [The Conjuring 2] as Stevie's mom, Nicole.
Finally, since I've asked you the "which of your other books should people read next" question before, I'll ask something different: If someone really enjoys The Devil Crept In, what book by someone else would you recommend they check out and why?
Stephen King's Stand By Me was a big influence here. But I'd also have to recommend Nick Cutter's The Troop. It's got the kid element, and the tension and spookiness. If you threw some boy scouts into a Lord Of The Flies horror scenario, you'd have The Troop.
Now that I'm thinking about it, William Golding's Lord Of The Flies is actually one of my favorites as far as classics go. If your high school teacher didn't force it into your hands, it's a quick and incredible read.
To read my previous interviews with Ania Ahlborn, click here for the one she did about her book Brother and click here for the one she did about her novel Within These Walls.
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Customer evaluation for "Paraloid™ B 72 in Ethyl Acetate, 15 %"


text:
On-Set Photo Shows Production For F. Gary Gray's N.W.A. Film Is Underway (Pic)
It looks like F. Gary Gray has his cast for the his upcoming NWA project, Straight Outta Compton – another one of those "in limbo" biopics I wrote about a little bit ago that's apparently now on its way to becoming realized, if the above photo is any indication.
Late last night, Dr Dre posted the above photo to Twitter, along with the caption:
Dre & F Gary Gray – The NWA Movie kicks off the collaboration! Expect more incredible projects from this powerhouse duo
Last we wrote about it, Ice Cube said in an interview that it was definitely happening, but he didn't reveal much detail. He did say they were on the hunt for a director. But the project has obviously found its guy in Gray.
And soon after that, F. Gary Gray launched an open casting call for the project, via the web, with the intent being to cast unknowns in the film's starring roles. Of course I'm really curious to know what actors they eventually went with. We'll find out soon enough.
Gray's last big screen project was in 2009 with Law Abiding Citizen. Since then he's been attached to helm 3 or more different projects, though none stuck – except this one; would be great to see him back at work again.
Ice Cube and Matt Alvarez are producing the NWA project via Cube Vision, along with Eazy-E's widow, Tomica Woods.


Some stores specialize in home furniture from india definite dcors, such as open-minded or time-honored furniture, and matching your preferences subsequently the stock can ensure you don't waste grow old even though shopping. For instance, a high-end furniture manufacturer might have the coffee table designs youre looking for but not carry the best furniture for small spaces. The best online furniture stores manage to pay for a broad selection that is easily sortable for comparing pieces.
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Always look for discounts and special offers in imitation of youre browsing furniture websites. Buying several pieces of environment furniture at past may qualify you for package discount. For example, once you buy a bedroom set, it might come behind the bed frame, nightstand, dresser and chest of drawers, all at a single, demean price reduction than the items would be if you bought them separately. You may along with see special offers during holidays and storewide sales.
Watch out for hidden service fees, including delivery charges, shipping and handling fees or meting out fees if you're applying for gathering credit. If you desire to get along with existing upholstery or order replacement cushions, there could be a press on for this type of service.
The character and materials used to produce furniture can accomplish an important role in pricing. For instance, unquestionable wood pieces tend to go for more than pressboard and plastic construction. How long you endeavor to keep your piece of furniture and how it will be used will determine following you want to invest in a greater than before feel fragment of furniture and in the same way as it is good to spend less upon a lesser mood piece.
Shop during off-seasons to find great deals upon character items. The best places to buy cheap furniture will have their own sales schedules, but a general guideline is that indoor furniture is least expensive during the late spring and to come summer, while uncovered furniture is least expensive during the tardy summer and in advance fall seasons.
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If youre a DIYer, youre determined to find genuine treasures that just habit a little crafty refurbishing to look good in your home. You might locate a cute armchair that single-handedly needs to be reupholstered, or slant a vintage trunk into a coffee table.


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Soul of Patmos
Luxury villas to rent on the beautiful island of Patmos
Villa Malandrakis
Patmos Island
The Island of Patmos
The Holy island of Patmos is part of a group of Greek islands known as the Dodecanese (meaning one of twelve islands) situated south of Samos, southeast of Ikaria and northwest of Leros.
Piraeus is 161 nautical miles and Asia Minor only 25 miles away.
The island resembles that of a seahorse with bays surrounding it and it's maximum length being 12 kilometers (over 7 miles) however it feels much bigger. Patmos has numerous beaches each having it's unique attraction, some are sandy, others pebbly or rocky, however wherever you go the natural beauty is overwhelming.
The current population of the island is about 3000 residents most of which live in Scala which is the port area followed by Hora and Campos.
It was here in Patmos where St John the Theologian was exiled by the Roman Emperor Domitian around 94 BC. Over the two years of his exile he lived in the Holy Cave. It was here that he had a divine vision, being the communication between the divine and man, which he dictated to his disciple Prochoros. It resulted in the text of the Apocalypse, the last book in the New Testament.
The spirit of St John is still alive on the island today.
Twinned with Glastonbury
A lady from Glastonbury known as Zoe D'Ay visited Patmos some years ago and together with Father Martin, a monk who resides at the Monastery of St John, formed the twinning'.
It was in Glastonbury where St Joseph of Arimathea who, like St John, knew the living Christ. The Christianity that St Joseph knew and brought to England, was the same that St John brought to Patmos.
St Joseph left Jerusalem after Christ was crucified and moved to England where it was said he carried with him two Cruets holding the blood and sweat of Christ.
When planted they took root and blossomed into the Holy Thorn which still blooms. A cutting was recently taken to Patmos. At that time Glastonbury was surrounded by water and was known as the Holy Isle of Avalon.
Copyright © 2020 Soul of Patmos Theme by: ThemeGrill Powered by: WordPress


Some of the most iconic films of all time depict smoking in the most memorable scenes. In the final scene of Orson Welles' The Third Man (1949), heartthrob Anna Schmidt (played by Alida Valli) walks by lovesick Holly Martins (Joseph Cotten) without so much as a glance. He lights a cigarette and flings the match to the ground. The very last thing we see is a puff of smoke.
At the other extreme, the opening scene of Alfred Hitchcock's Shadow of a Doubt (1943) features a long close-up shot of a sinister Joseph Cotten in bed smoking a cigar.
In the film noir classic Double Indemnity (1944), Fred MacMurray, who has been implicated in a murder, is dying from a gunshot wound. In his last moments, he takes out a cigarette, and his best friend and fellow insurance company investigator Edward G. Robinson helps him light up. With his dying breath, he's smoking.
Cigarettes were manly but also feminine and were part of some of the most romantic scenes of all time. In North by Northwest (1959), Cary Grant and Eva Marie Saint literally hold hands as they light up on the train. And in Now Voyager (1942), Paul Heinreid asks Bette Davis, "Shall we just have a cigarette on it?" He lights up two of them and hands one to his tearful beloved.
A poignant scene in The Best Years of Our Lives (1946) features double-amputee World War II veteran Harold Russell lighting up a cigarette with his artificial limbs.
Factory workers and bosses alike puffed away at work. Convicts in prison movies all smoked. Reporters and editors chain-smoked while getting out the morning edition. Even priests lit up, as did doctors. Psychiatrists always offered their patients a cigarette. In Gentleman's Agreement (1947), a cardiologist gives Gregory Peck bad news about his mother's heart condition while lighting up a cigarette.
Smoking was as normal on airplanes and in hospitals as it was in nightclubs. Cigarettes and sports also went together like ham and eggs. Ricardo Montalban plays a chain-smoking boxer in Right Cross (1950). Although baseball great Babe Ruth died of throat cancer due to smoking, William Bendix, the actor playing him in The Babe Ruth Story (1948), appeared in uniform in a Chesterfield cigarettes ad. Even cartoon characters smoked. In the 1939 cartoon Wholly Smoke, a young Porky Pig gets ahold of a cigar and falls sick with hallucinations from a puff of smoke called Nick O'Teen.
Smoking also played a role in sight gags, such as plumes of smoke forming an arrow and poking Porky Pig in the behind and Harpo Marx's two-foot long cigarette holder in A Night in Casablanca (1946).


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Home / Focus Areas / Global Catastrophic Risks / Potential Risks from Advanced Artificial Intelligence
What Do We Know about AI Timelines? (October 2015 version)
There is a more recent version of this page. See the most recent version.
To inform the Open Philanthropy Project's investigation of potential risks from advanced artificial intelligence, I (Luke Muehlhauser) conducted a short study of what we know so far about likely timelines for the development of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities.
What are we trying to forecast?
Expert elicitation
Trend extrapolation
Path-specific forecasting
Possible disruptions
Why do people disagree?
From a risk-benefit perspective, we're mostly interested in what machines can do, not how they do it. Moreover, for long-term forecasting it's probably easier to forecast technological capabilities rather than technological solutions, since economic and other incentives are stronger for the former than for the latter. For example, it's probably easier to predict that within 20 years we'll be able to do X amount of computation for $Y than it is to predict which particular computing architecture we'll be using to do X amount of computation for $Y in 20 years.
One key AI capabilities milestone we'd like to predict is something like Müller & Bostrom (2014)'s notion of "high-level machine intelligence" (HLMI), which they define as an AI system "that can carry out most human professions at least as well as a typical human."1 To operationalize this a bit further, we might say that an HLMI is a machine that can,
for 95% of human occupations currently enumerated by the U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics,
achieve at least the performance of the median-skilled human who is being paid to do that job
with 6 months of training or less
at no more than 10,000 times the cost of the median-skilled human doing that job.
One could change these and other parameters to arrive at definitions of HLMI that have different implications. If you were primarily interested in AI's effects on the job market, you might instead want to forecast when we'll have machines that can replace median-skilled workers in 70% of occupations with 12 months of training at human cost. Or if you were primarily interested in loss of control scenarios, you might instead choose a particular subset of human occupations (AI research, computer security, negotiation, intelligence analysis, etc.) and try to forecast when a machine will be able to achieve the performance of the 90th-percentile-skilled worker (among those doing each of those jobs) with one month of training, at any cost.
Unfortunately, extant HLMI forecasts rarely define so precisely what level of technological capability they're trying to forecast, so if we take the outputs of expert surveys and other forecast summaries as some evidence for true HLMI timelines, it's not clear how we should integrate those forecasts, in part because they might have been trying to forecast radically different things.
Also, we should remember that, no matter what threshold we set for occupations at which the machine has achieved roughly human-level performance, it will probably demonstrate vastly superhuman performance at many or most other occupations by the time it achieves human-level performance at the last one specified by our operationalization.2 Such an operationalization might suggest that, subjectively, AI capabilities will "woosh" past most HLMI milestones defined in this way, unless the capabilities most relevant to AI self-improvement are the last capabilities to reach human-level, though a "fast takeoff" remains possible even in that scenario.3
I did not conduct any literature searches to produce this report. I have been following the small field of HLMI forecasting closely since 2011, and I felt comfortable that I already knew where to find most of the best recent HLMI forecasting work. In the past few years, much of it has been published by Katja Grace and Paul Christiano at AI Impacts.4 As such, this report leans heavily on their work.
Extant expert surveys on HLMI timelines are collected here.
Grace's summary of Michie (1973), by far the earliest expert survey, is: "Almost all participants predicted human level computing systems would not emerge for over twenty years. They were roughly divided between 20, 50, and more." Participants were British and American computer scientists working in or near AI.
For most of the surveys, either the participants mostly weren't AI scientists, or the participants were primarily HLMI researchers/enthusiasts, or the participants weren't selected for any kind of "objective" criteria (e.g. "attendance at the AI@50 conference" or "people Robin Hanson happened to ask about AI progress").
The only survey which avoids these three problems is Müller & Bostrom (2014)'s survey of the top-100 most cited living AI scientists (called "TOP100," data here). The experts were asked:
For the purposes of this question, assume that human scientific activity continues without major negative disruption. By what year would you see a (10% / 50% / 90%) probability for HLMI to exist?
Responses were:
Median responses
Mean responses
10% chance of HLMI 2024 2034 33 years
50% chance of HLMI 2050 2072 110 years
The medians strongly predict HLMI in the next 50 years, but there is wide disagreement among experts.5
I think it would be valuable to conduct roughly this same survey every 3 years, or maybe every 5 years, but try hard to boost the response rate, and maybe expand the sample to the top 300 most-cited living AI scientists.
I also think it would be valuable to conduct a Delphi-style timelines elicitation using roughly these same questions, where the participants are selected both from groups that have been thinking about these issues for a long time (e.g. FHI and MIRI), and also from among AI scientists who gave very diverse answers to the survey but who haven't devoted their careers to studying these issues.
Katja Grace recently combined all known published individual predictions of HLMI6 with the results of all known published surveys forecasting HLMI to produce this chart:
(The figure's caption reads: "Predictions from the MIRI dataset (red = maxIY ≈ 'AI more likely than not after …', and green = minPY ≈ 'AI less likely than not before …') and surveys. This figure excludes one prediction of 3012 made in 2012, and the Hanson survey, which doesn't ask directly about prediction dates.")
After noting the clustering around 2040-2050, Grace lists some common complaints about AI forecasts:
Predictions about AI are frequently distrusted… [for example due to complaints] that people are biased to predict AI twenty years in the future, or just before their own deaths; that AI researchers have always been very optimistic and continually proven wrong; that experts and novices make the same predictions; or that failed predictions of the past look like current predictions.
Grace doesn't find those complaints very compelling. While I don't necessarily find them compelling in their stated form, there is a weaker version of the first concern that I think is worth noting. Maybe when people have no idea when a technology will be developed, they generally forecast it 10–50 years away, because 10 years feels like the soonest reasonable forecast given that there's no clear path to the technology, while predicting that anything will take more than 50 years (without very specific obstacles in mind) feels generally overconfident. Eyeballing Grace's chart above, it looks like the median forecast has been pushed out by about one year per calendar year, staying within the 10–50 year range.
One could further investigate this concern by collecting and analyzing long-term forecasts over time for other technological capabilities, for example ICBMs, space flight, self-driving cars, and quantum computers, if enough such forecasts exist.
Grace does have some concerns about AI forecasts:
There really do seem to be selection biases, from people who are optimistic about [HLMI] working in the field for instance, and from shorter predictions being more published…
She also worries that:
Different people and surveys are predicting different notions of HLMI, as I mentioned above.
The expert performance literature suggests that experts should be poor at forecasting HLMI. See e.g. table 1 of Armstrong & Sotala (2012) and, I would add, the key findings of Mullins (2012), the most exhaustive retrospective analysis of historical technology forecasts I have seen.
HLMI predictions range over about a century. As Grace writes, "this strongly suggests that many individual predictions are inaccurate, though not that the aggregate distribution is uninformative."
Nevertheless, these expert judgments seem to provide some information. A priori it could have been the case that experts widely agreed that HLMI is at least a century away, but that isn't the case.
Mullins (2012) suggests that quantitative trend analyses typically yield more accurate technology forecasts than expert judgments do, or indeed than any other forecasting methodology does. What do quantitative trends suggest about HLMI timing?
Few trend analyses of software performance over time exist.7 A few analyses of software+hardware performance (e.g. on speech recognition) exist, but I'm not aware of a thorough review. By far the most-discussed and most-measured trends are in computing hardware,8 and it's hardware trends that are typically used for forecasting HLMI.
One common strategy is to estimate how much computation the human brain does, then extrapolate computing trends to find out by which year we'll have roughly the computing power of the human brain available for some reasonable cost.
Different assumptions yield different results, but most people doing this kind of exercise end up estimating that "human-level hardware" will be available for $1M anywhere from a few years ago to ~2055.9
Some weaknesses of this approach include:
We don't know how much computation the human brain does. The estimates I've seen differ by many orders of magnitude.
The human brain doesn't work much like today's computers do.10
In many domains, we can achieve the same level of performance with varying proportions of hardware/software advantage. Great algorithms compensate for lacking hardware, while mountains of computation can compensate for unsophisticated algorithms.11
Most AI scientists I've spoken to seem to think that software, not hardware, will be the key bottleneck to HLMI. To illustrate: "We've [probably] had the computing power of a honeybee's brain for quite a while now, but that doesn't mean we know how to build tiny robots that fend for themselves outside the lab, find their own sources of energy, and communicate with others to build their homes in the wild." Every "difficulty of software" fudge factor I've seen added to a hardware trend analysis seems to have been pulled from one's gut.
Nevertheless, it's interesting that such trend extrapolations agree so closely with expert opinion. Unfortunately, these lines of evidence are not fully independent, since it's my impression that Moravec's and Kurzweil's hardware extrapolations have been widely known for some time, and may have strongly influenced many of the expert judgments made during the last ~15 years.
One method used to place a bound on how soon HLMI might arrive is to enumerate ways in which current AI systems fall short of HLMI, and then try to estimate the shortest possible path one can imagine between today's capabilities and HLMI.
Thus one might say "Well, it seems to me that HLMI requires hierarchical planning, and long-term memory, and the integration of logical reasoning and statistical machine learning, and X, and Y, and we're not anywhere close to solving any of those things, so we're at least, I would guess, 20 years away."
Or, if you think video game performance is a good benchmark for progress toward HLMI, then you might think "Right now the most general AI system can't even beat the Atari 2600 library of games. It'll probably be at least 15 years before it beats human-level performance for every game in the Playstation 3 library. Call me when it has beaten Grand Theft Auto V with nothing but pixel input."
I haven't seen anyone use much more than their gut for such lower bounds on time-to-HLMI, but it's definitely part of the reasoning I'm using when I confidently predict we won't have HLMI in 10 years.
In May 2013, I wrote that HLMI forecasting is further complicated by the fact that, over such long time scales, major disruptions may greatly impact HLMI timelines.
One potential disruption I named was "A tipping point in development incentives." In retrospect, one might argue that this disruption was happening precisely as I was writing about it. As UC Berkeley AI scientist Stuart Russell has pointed out,12 in the past few years several major applications of AI have crossed a threshold of performance "from laboratory research to economically valuable technologies," at which point "a virtuous cycle takes hold whereby even small improvements in performance are worth large sums of money, prompting greater investments in research," with the result that "industry [has probably invested] more in the last 5 years than governments have invested since the beginning of the field."
Other potential disruptions I describe briefly in my earlier post, with links to relevant literature, include:
An end to Moore's law.
Depletion of low-hanging fruit.
Societal collapse.
Disinclination to proceed with AI development (e.g. due to widely held safety concerns).
Breakthroughs in cognitive neuroscience which reveal the brain's algorithms for general intelligence.
Human enhancement which accelerates progress in many fields, including AI.
Quantum computing.
Why do experts disagree so much about HLMI timelines? Unfortunately, virtually no HLMI forecaster provides enough detail from their forecasting reasoning for someone else to say "Okay, see, I disagree with the numbers used in the model of section 5 of your analysis, and that seems to be the main reason we disagree." Expert forecasts often seem to be drawing in part on explicit factors such as survey results or hardware trend extrapolations, but there always seems to be an important element of gut intuition as well, which the forecaster has never articulated, and may not be able to articulate.
In conversation I have occasionally been able to pin down apparent reasons for disagreement between my AI timelines and someone else's AI timelines, but in cases when I seem to change their mind about some piece of their model — e.g. about the significance of past wrong AI forecasts, or about how one should extrapolate rates of AI progress given that the field received very little investment for most of its history compared to today — this rarely seems to shift their overall estimate, which suggests the pieces of the forecasting model we discussed may have been epiphenomenal to their timeline estimates all along. Perhaps this is also true of my own AI forecasts.
So what do we know about HLMI timelines? Very little.
Expert surveys and quantitative hardware trend extrapolations suggest HLMI is likely to be developed sometime during the 21st century, but only weakly. In general, it seems that for experts and laypeople alike, only very wide confidence intervals for "years to HLMI" are appropriate. For example, my own 70% confidence interval for "years to HLMI" is something like 10–120 years, though that estimate is unstable and uncertain.13
AI Impacts home page Source (archive)
AI Impacts, "A new approach to predicting brain-computer parity" Source (archive)
AI Impacts, "Accuracy of AI Predictions" Source (archive)
AI Impacts, "AI Timeline Surveys" Source (archive)
AI Impacts, "AI@50 Survey" Source (archive)
AI Impacts, "Group Differences in AI Predictions" Source (archive)
AI Impacts, "Hanson AI Expert Survey" Source (archive)
AI Impacts, "How AI timelines are estimated" Source (archive)
AI Impacts, "Human-Level AI" Source (archive)
AI Impacts, "List of Analyses of Time to Human-Level AI" Source (archive)
AI Impacts, "Michie and Overoptimism" Source (archive)
AI Impacts, "Michie Survey" Source (archive)
AI Impacts, "MIRI AI Predictions Dataset" Source
(archived MIRI data file)
(archived AI Impacts data file)
AI Impacts, "Preliminary prices for human-level hardware" Source (archive)
AI Impacts, "Publication biases toward shorter predictions" Source (archive)
AI Impacts, "Selection bias from optimistic experts" Source (archive)
AI Impacts, "Similarity Between Historical and Contemporary AI Predictions" Source (archive)
AI Impacts, "The Maes-Garreau Law" Source (archive)
AI Impacts, "The slow traversal of 'human-level' " Source (archive)
AI Impacts, "Update on all the AI predictions" Source (archive)
AI Impacts, "Why do AGI researchers expect AI so soon?" Source (archive)
AI Impacts, Spider Chart of Human Level AI Source (archive)
Armstrong and Sotala 2012 Source (archive)
Bureau of Labor Statistics, "Overview of BLS Statistics by Occupation" Source (archive)
Chatham, "10 Important Differences Between Brains and Computers" Source (archive)
Future of Humanity Institute home page Source (archive)
Future of Life Institute, "Research Priorities for Robust and Beneficial Artificial Intelligence: an Open Letter" Source (archive)
Grace 2013 Source (archive)
Jaynes 2003 Source (archive)
Jøsang 2013 Source (archive)
Koomey's Law Source (archive)
Lehman and Miikkulainen 2015 Source (archive)
Machine Intelligence Research Institute (MIRI) home page Source (archive)
Michie 1973 Source (archive)
MIRI, "What is AGI?" Source (archive)
MIRI, "What is Intelligence?" Source (archive)
Moore's Law Source (archive)
Muehlhauser and Rieber 2014 Source (archive)
Muehlhauser, "Robots will take our jobs, but it's hard to say when" Source (archive)
Muehlhauser, "When Will AI Be Created?" Source (archive)
Müller and Bostrom 2014 Source (archive)
Mullins 2012 Source (archive)
Nagy et al. 2013 Source (archive)
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), "The History of Automatic Speech Recognition Evaluations at NIST" Source (archive)
Philosophy & Theory of Artificial Intelligence, "Questionnaire Expert Results: Future Progress in Artificial Intelligence" Source
(archived data file)
Russell, "The Long-Term Future of (Artificial) Intelligence" [Lecture] Source (archive)
Sandberg and Bostrom 2008 Source (archive)
Yudkowsky 2013 Source (archive)
1. Alternative operationalizations can be found in What is AGI? Various definitions of machine general intelligence are surveyed or cited What is intelligence?
2. Katja Grace illustrated this visually with a spider chart.
3. See Yudkowsky (2013) for an overview of AI takeoff speed arguments. Yudkowsky expects a fast takeoff scenario. For an example slow takeoff argument, see Grace's The slow traversal of 'human-level.'
4. Their work, in turn, builds on earlier HLMI forecasting work by the Future of Humanity Institute (FHI), the Machine Intelligence Research Institute (MIRI), Ray Kurzweil, Hans Moravec, and others.
5. What about selection bias among respondents? To test for this, they put extra pressure on a random sample of 17 non-respondents (for the TOP100 poll). The two non-respondents who replied under pressure gave HLMI dates earlier than the mean and median. This isn't much, but it's some evidence against there being substantial selection bias toward earlier dates.
6. The individual forecasts are from a cleaned-up version of a MIRI-collected dataset, plus some detailed analyses Grace collected. One caveat is that Grace hasn't added all her collected timeline analyses to this chart yet, according to my personal communication with her.
7. One exception is Grace (2013).
8. E.g. see Muehlhauser & Rieber (2014), Nagy et al. (2013), Moore's Law, Koomey's Law.
9. Grace's new TEPS calculation also yields an estimate in this range. Note that Sandberg & Bostrom (2008) estimated hardware for simulating a human brain (at three plausible levels of resolution) for $1M based on both consumer computing trends and supercomputing trends; I've counted only their estimate based on supercomputing trends, which is 2044 at the latest.
10. See e.g. Chatham, "10 Important Differences Between Brains and Computers", which I only partially agree with.
11. For more on this, see the section "The relationship between hardware and software" from Grace's How AI timelines are estimated.
12. Quotes are taken from this Russell talk and from the FLI open letter written by Russell and others.
13. By "unstable" I mean that if I forgot what estimate I had given here, and somebody asked me again for my 70% confidence interval for "years to HLMI," I expect I'd be fairly likely to check my knowledge and my intuitions and reply "15–90 years," and I expect I'd be just as likely to reply "10–150 years." By "uncertain" I mean that I have uncertainty about my probability statements. To illustrate: my probability that a fair coin will land heads-up is 50%, and I'm highly confident of that probability estimate. Meanwhile, my probability of a major European war in the next 40 years might also be 50%, but I'm not very confident of that probability estimate, because — in contrast to the case with the fair coin — I don't have a clear sense for how to make such a probability estimate. Various formal models for such higher-order uncertainty have been proposed — e.g. Jaynes (2003, ch. 18), Jøsang (2013), GiveWell's "Modeling Extreme Model Uncertainty" — but I haven't studied them closely enough to endorse any of them in particular.


What is the cheapest way to get from Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium?
The cheapest way to get from Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium is to drive which costs £22 - £35 and takes 2h 24m.
What is the fastest way to get from Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium?
The quickest way to get from Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium is to drive which costs £22 - £35 and takes 2h 24m.
Is there a direct bus between Crewkerne and Wembley Stadium?
No, there is no direct bus from Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium. However, there are services departing from Crewkerne, Kings Arms and arriving at Wembley, Waverley Avenue via Yeovil, Bus Station, Hammersmith Bus Station and Paddington, Bishops Bridge Road Little Venice. The journey, including transfers, takes approximately 5h 52m.
How far is it from Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium?
The distance between Crewkerne and Wembley Stadium is 119 miles. The road distance is 135.3 miles.
How do I travel from Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium without a car?
The best way to get from Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium without a car is to train which takes 3h 10m and costs £35 - £55.
How long does it take to get from Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium?
It takes approximately 3h 10m to get from Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium, including transfers.
Where do I catch the Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium bus from?
Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium bus services, operated by South West Coaches, depart from Crewkerne, Kings Arms station.
Train or bus from Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium?
The best way to get from Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium is to train which takes 3h 10m and costs £35 - £55. Alternatively, you can line 96 bus and bus and line 27 bus and line 18 bus, which costs and takes 5h 52m.
How long is the flight from Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium?
Where does the Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium bus arrive?
Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium bus services, operated by London Buses, arrive at Wembley, Waverley Avenue station.
What companies run services between Crewkerne, England and Wembley Stadium, England?
South Western Railway operates a train from Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium hourly. Tickets cost £30 - £50 and the journey takes 2h 25m. Alternatively, you can take a bus from Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium via Yeovil, Bus Station, Hammersmith Bus Station, Paddington, Bishops Bridge Road Westbourne Terrace, Paddington, Bishops Bridge Road Little Venice, and Wembley, Waverley Avenue in around 5h 52m.
Can I drive from Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium?
Yes, the driving distance between Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium is 135 miles. It takes approximately 2h 24m to drive from Crewkerne to Wembley Stadium.
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text:
Q: SQL Query Update field depending on subquery I need a SQL Query.
My Table users has 3 fields: Name, iduser, idgroup.
One user can appear many times on the same table with same iduser and different idgroups.
Field Name should update to new value if it has changed.
If there no exists a row with given iduser and idgroup it has to be inserted as a new row.
IF EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM users WHERE iduser=3 AND idgroup=4)
BEGIN
     UPDATE users SET Name='New Name' WHERE iduser=3 AND idgroup=4
END
ELSE
     INSERT INTO users VALUES('Name',5,3)
END

My SQL Query sintax is wrong so I can't use it, how would you achieve what I need?
I'm using mySQL database (managed with phpmyadmin) and doing the insert from a lua script.

A: You need to make sure you have the right unique keys in place.
ALTER TABLE users ADD UNIQUE `unique_index`(`iduser`, `idgroup`);

Then, you should be able to run this insert/update:
INSERT INTO users (Name, iduser, idgroup)
VALUES ('name value',5,3)
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE Name = VALUES(Name) WHERE Name <> VALUES(Name)