Tina Meier lost her 13-year-old daughter, Megan, to cyberbullying in 2006. Out of this tragedy was born the Megan Meier Foundation, which was founded in 2007 to bring awareness and education to children, parents, and educators about bullying and cyberbullying.
Today, Tina Meier travels throughout the country as a keynote speaker, and since 2008, has spread the Foundation's message and Megan's story with more than 120,000 students.
She's made national and international media appearances on TV, radio and syndicated talk shows, and in 2011, she accepted a Presidential invitation to attend the White House Anti-Bullying Conference.
For Meier, her goal is simple: create awareness and promote positive change by creating a safer and kinder world.
ePromos is thrilled to select the Megan Meier Foundation as a winner in our ePromos for Good charity program. We'll provide $500 in free promotional merchandise to help the Foundation continue to work to stop bullying and cyberbullying.
Alex King, Program Manager, plans to use promotional pens and padfolios at the Foundation's Fall 2014 Leadership Workshop at Maryville University in St. Louis.
The event draws hundreds of middle school and high school students along with educators, school officials, and counselors.
The workshop will be packed with events ranging from small-group sessions to panel discussions with various mental health and pediatric professionals. King is confident that customized padfolios and pens will be useful giveaways.
To learn more about Megan Meier Foundation and to find out how you can help, please visit http://www.meganmeierfoundation.org.


Drastically cutting back my collection to only my most favourite sets, so the rest I am looking to part with.
*Season 1 Game of Thrones Master set all 51 autos, also have lots from S2 and some from S3 as well all can be seen here. pm if interested.
How much for the Big Bang 1/2 box?
Any Supernatural Autos for sale not listed?
Are your supernatural Auto's still.available?
For Sale Star Wars Galactic Files - Binder, Patches, Autos & more !!


Next time the red carpet rolls for the Golden Globes will be its 72nd time. And today the complete list of nominees was announced at the Beverly Hilton hotel. So, with a few snubs and a lot of "they got it right" here are the nominees in all 25 major categories as announced today.
What do you think? Is hour favorite film, show, actor or actress a nominee for the 2015 Golden Globes? Let me know. Also, follow me on Twitter for more scoop.


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New technology could drive zero-emission, clean coal-powered cars; Richard Windsor hardest hit
I wonder what the overstuffed radical named "Richard Windsor" thinks of this innovation?
New technological advances may make it possible in the near future to engineer a coal-powered car so clean that it produces nearly no polluting emissions, including carbon dioxide...
"There are many exciting possibilities for the clean coal technology," says Liang-Shih Fan, a chemical engineer and director of Ohio State University's Clean Coal Research Laboratory. "We found a way to release the heat from coal without burning it. This could be applicable for many industries."
Fan last week disclosed that he had discovered a way to get the energy out of coal without burning it, using iron-oxide pellets as an oxygen source, and contain the reaction in a small chamber from which pollutants cannot escape. The only waste product would be water and solid coal ash -- no greenhouse gases. As an added benefit, the metal from the iron-oxide is recyclable.
The energy creation process is commonly known as "oxidation," and is the chemical combination of a substance with oxygen. The use of the process is envisioned by Fan and his colleagues as a replacement for old-fashioned coal power plants, which spew greenhouse gases.
If the technology can be successfully miniaturized enough to fit into cars, the fueling infrastructure needed to service them would not be all that difficult to develop, experts say.
My question, above, was rhetorical, of course. We know what "Richard Windsor" and her ilk think of anything that empowers the individual and freedom of movement: they despise it.
For these sixties-retread radicals, it's not about carbon dioxide, or pollution, or global warming, or climate change, or whatever they're calling their religion these days. It's about control over you, the individual. Restricting your movement, controlling the private sector, and setting industrial policy.
As Mark Levin often says, "Green is the new Red."
Hat tip: BadBlue News.
Labels: Climate, Democrats, Energy, extremism, Jackson, Obama

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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CRP in the News
Hashemi Shamali Center
Basic-Needs Assistance
ELearning Language Exchange
Livelihood Programs
Trauma Relief
GBV for Men and Women's Empowerment
Mind-Body-Medicine
Hope Workshop
Sports for All
I Read Arabic
Teen All Stars
After-School Club
Parent's Awareness
Teen Group
Donating in non-US Currencies
Collateral Repair Project
Refugees' Stories Come Alive Through Embroidery
Over the course of the past two months, the women of the Hope Workshop have been working hard to produce beautiful embroidered squares detailing stories from their lives as refugees. The squares they've produced will be assembled into quilts, for sale and for exhibition, and the funds from the quilt sales will then go directly back to the women themselves.
The stories of these women's lives as refugees in Jordan really shine through their incredibly creative work.
Hope Workshop Member, Damiya
Damiya is from Baghdad and came with her family to Jordan in 2013. She heard about CRP from neighbors and came to the community center first for English classes. With her foot in the door, Damiya started to become more and more involved in CRP activities, first with gender trainings, and then also with Hope Workshop. "I wanted more confidence," she says. She was afraid when she arrived in Jordan. "It was a new society. Dealing with people was challenging," she says. She attended some leadership trainings at CRP and this changed her. "I started to love myself," she says, and she wanted to meet new people from different backgrounds and learn about different cultures. This is part of what initially drew her to join the Hope Workshop.
Her design depicts "a woman looking for freedom." Damiya explains that her legs are stitched together, and that she cannot walk. Her hands as well are shackled together, to show that she is powerless to help herself. The wings represent her desire for freedom. Damiya's dream is to travel, "but the wings won't carry me anywhere despite the strength I've found."
Damiya's embroidery
Damiya says that pressure from the outside can give you energy inside, and that the Hope Workshop offers her an outlet to put this energy to use in a productive way. She says she feels stronger in Jordan, since she is better able to help herself and her family, partly through the extra income she generates through the Hope Workshop. She says in Jordan she has become more self-expressive, which has helped improve her relationships with family members. She's more aware of the society around her, but still fears for her family's well being. She is currently hoping to be re-settled with her family in Australia.
Wa'ad, a member of the Hope Workshop
Originally from Baghdad, Wa'ad arrived in Jordan on January 1, 2015, two days after her birthday. Her friends connected her with CRP, and after meeting Shatha, the coordinator of the Hope Workshop, she decided to join to learn new skills. As a member, Wa'ad says that she remembers hopes that she had forgotten for a long time. From the very beginning of her involvement, she has made many friends and feels empowered being a part of the group.
Wa'ad's embroidery
Wa'ad's designs represent strong memories of hers from her time in Iraq. Her first image depicts an "accident" that happened to her in her home. She lived alone in Baghdad, she explains, and one night militiamen entered her home and beat her. They wore all black, an she could only see their eyes. It was this incident that caused her to leave her home for good and travel, alone, to Jordan to start a new life in Amman.Despite these difficulties, Wa'ad has hope for the future. She enjoys life moment to moment, she says, and many of her happy memories and experiences in Jordan come from the friendships she's made in the Hope Workshop and at CRP.
As you can see, the images are powerful and evoke strong and often difficult memories for the women. Producing the squares has given them the opportunity to come together, utilize their creativity, build connections with one another, contribute to a larger project, and feel like part of a team. Many members of the CRP community, including the women of the Hope Workshop, face financial hardship living as refugees in East Amman. People here love to work, but often cannot find jobs as refugees in the tough Jordanian economy.
The Hope Workshop gives women the opportunity to put their skills to use while generating small amounts of income for their families. It also serves as a community space, and provides the women with leadership and financial management opportunities. The Hope Workshop is one of CRP's longest running programs, and has new members joining each year contributing their creative and management skills as part of the collective.
The quilts that will be assembled from these squares will not only be intricate and beautiful works of art, but they will tell the stories of these women- stories of migration, struggle, and hope- with each and every stitch.
Previous articleCRP Summer Youth Camp Provides Fun, Interactive Learning Environment
Next articleInshallah: A Final Dispatch
Allyson Hawkins
Hope Workshop's Impact on the Local Community
A Way Out of Social Isolation
Building Hope (Workshop) Together
Donate to CRP
Make this a monthly donation
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Collateral Repair Project is a 501(c)(3) organization in The United States of America and is registered with Jordan's Ministry of Social Development.


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Stories Photos Everything
NEA Town Courier
Stories from Friday, August 12, 2016
ANC nursing students excel on state tests (Community News ~ 08/12/16)
Arkansas Northeastern College's most recent pass rate, by Associate Degree nursing student graduates taking the Arkansas Board of Nursing exam, was the third highest in the state at 93.5 percent. The Associate Degree Nursing Program at ANC exceeded the state and national pass rate levels of 77.5% and 81.4% respectively. ...
School Menus, August 15 - 19 (Local News ~ 08/12/16)
ARMOREL Breakfast Monday:Cereal, pop tart, banana, juice and milk Tuesday: Mini French Toast, sausage link, fruit cocktail, juice and milk Wednesday:Super honey bun, Yogurt, peaches, juice and milk Thursday: Pancake on Stick, Applesauce, juice and milk...
Sermon of the Week - Complaining about the Food (Column ~ 08/12/16)
John 6:41-51 You may remember hearing the words. You may remember speaking the words yourself: What? This again! You know I don't like _ -- and here you can fill in any number of things: broccoli, spinach, rutabaga, mystery meat, or liver surprise (my own personal dread). Complaints about food are as old as school cafeterias and military rations . . . and the Bible. In our Gospel lesson, the people complained about Jesus because he claimed to be the bread of heaven...
Murray Smart, Jr. (Obituary ~ 08/12/16)
Long-time U of A professor and Fayetteville resident, Murray Smart, Jr., died Tuesday, August 9, 2016 after a long illness. Murray was born on August 8, 1933 in Blytheville, Arkansas, the son of Clifton Murray and Elizabeth Smart. He graduated as valedictorian of the 1951 class of Blytheville High School. ...
Marlon Barnes (Obituary ~ 08/12/16)
Marlon Roosevelt Barnes, 36, of Marked Tree passed away on August 9th, 2016 in Jonesboro. He was born on February 12th, 1980 in Memphis, TN to Muriel "Faye" Barnes. He was of Baptist Faith and self employed through Lawn Care. He is preceded in death by his mother, Muriel "Faye" Barnes...
UPDATE: City talks new tax (Local News ~ 08/12/16)
Blytheville voters will likely see a ballot issue in the November general election requesting an additional one cent sales tax for the city, in spite of the fact that a similar issue in a special election was soundly defeated last year. City Council finance chair Stan Parks told the finance committee Wednesday afternoon that he felt the city made some mistakes in its attempt to pass the failed tax, and that with some changes the citizens may get behind this new effort...
Devoe Elliott (Obituary ~ 08/12/16)
Devoe Elliott, 77, of Blytheville, died August 11, 2016 at St. Bernard's Medical Center in Jonesboro. Born August 5, 1939 in Chicago, he was a painter and a veteran of the U.S. Army. He was preceded in death by his parents Doc and Nellie Elliott. Mr. Elliott leaves one daughter, Anita Hawkins of Pell City, Ala.;...
Bonnie Johnson (Obituary ~ 08/12/16)
Bonnie Lee "Twin" Dandridge Johnson, 62, of Blytheville, died August 8, 2016 at Methodist University Hospital in Memphis. Born Feb. 20, 1954 in Blytheville, she was a retired factory worker and a Baptist. She was preceded in death by her parents, Lester Dandridge and Annie B. Bragg Arnold, husband George Johnson, daughter Laquata Williams, and sister Eyvette Arnold...
Healing in the Hood offers mentor program (Local News ~ 08/12/16)
Healing in the Hood is extremely thrilled to announce that its mentoring services are back mobile...
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Contact HQ on 01255 553039 |hq@theisu.co.uk
The Union for Borders, Immigration and Customs
Who are the ISU?
37 Years and Still Going Strong
What can the ISU do for you?
Representative Areas
Border Force
UKVI
Specialised Areas
Personal Representation
ISU Membership Circular 20.04.18
You will all have seen this week's appalling revelations about the Windrush Children issue. We have been left reeling in horror at the shameful injustices inflicted on people this nation owes a debt of thanks. Our thoughts are very much with those unjustly deprived of their rights. Naturally we support the urgent efforts now so belatedly commencing for formal recognition of their rightful status in the UK. That cannot come quickly enough.
However it is important to be clear about what has happened here and specifically to tell you all that we will not stand for the scapegoating of our people on this. We are infuriated at the suggestion that our members in UKVI, Immigration Enforcement and Border Force are somehow responsible for this fiasco. These were the Home Secretary's words in the House of Commons this week:
'I am worried that the Home Office has become too concerned with policy and strategy and sometimes loses sight of the individual'
The suggestion is that officials – our members – have in one way or another been too assiduous in applying Home Office policies. But Ministers direct policy and Civil Servants cannot pick and choose which of those policies they enact. Ministers are responsible for the consequences of their policy decisions.
These terrible cases have come to light due to the 'hostile environment' policies adopted by the Home Office, to deter illegal immigration. This approach relies on landlords, employers, teachers and other service providers to obtain proof that people are lawfully in the UK before providing any services to them, at risk of fines or even potential imprisonment if they fail to do so. Documentary evidence of citizenship or lawful immigration status is increasingly required for routine aspects of everyday life. And there's no room for discretion in this. People have that documentary evidence or they're left with nowhere else to go. Mistakes have been rife because, for example, a private landlord will err on the side of caution and rent their property elsewhere rather than take a chance. In November 2017 the Chief Inspector for Borders, David Bolt warned that reliance on private individuals and other service providers to "enforce" immigration law under the 'hostile environment' policy was creating issues for people lawfully resident in the UK.
As a direct consequence some 'Windrush Children', who arrived before formal status documentation was required and never since needed to obtain that, have lost their homes or jobs and seen their rights denied. Their recourse was to apply to the Home Office for confirmation of residency rights. Once upon a time, significant discretion could be exercised within that process. But these days there are strict criteria which have to be met and little, if any, discretion is routinely permitted. Indeed that's discouraged in favour of a 'tick box' approach. So applicants were asked to provide huge volumes of documentation to demonstrate each year of their residency in the UK and, of course, many have not kept such detailed records going back 40 to 50 years….and so have found themselves in bureaucratic nightmares, abandoned by their own country.
This dreadful fiasco has happened because predictable risks within the 'hostile environment' policy were ignored despite warnings. And because discretion to deal sensitively with applications to formalise residency status was not prioritised as a matter of policy. This is nothing to do with the actions of our people in working to the Departmental policies they were duty bound to follow – they had no choice. It is everything to do with the manifest flaws of Home Office policies and those who lead should openly accept as much – this is the direct result of bad policy decisions and design from the top.
Home Office leaders talk continually about 'Home Office Values', urging the highest standards of conduct on us all and yet have allowed these terrible, immoral injustices to occur on their watch. The sheer hypocrisy takes the breath away. Trying to pass the buck and deflect blame onto our people at ground level is equally disgraceful and undermines their moral authority.
Our General Secretary, Lucy Moreton, has made a number of media appearances this week to rebut these wholly unjustified attacks on our members. We will continue to reinforce that message and have sought an urgent meeting with the Permanent Secretary to carry that message to the top of the Home Office.
We will update you further in due course.
Mark Gribbin
ISU National Chair
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Global Britain to attract more top scientists with fast tracked entry 23/12/2019
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In recent years, many pairing-based signcryption schemes have been proposed. There is, however, an inherent weakness in these schemes: the private key escrow problem, in which the "trusted" private key generator (PKG) can easily impersonate any user at any time without being detected. In this paper we present a pairing-based signcryption scheme using self-certified public keys. In our scheme, users can choose their private keys independently. The public keys of users can be implicitly verified with the subsequent signature verification in a logically single step. A trusted PKG is no longer required. If the dishonest PKG impersonates an honest user to communicate with others, the user can provide a proof of treachery of the PKG afterwards, which is similar to certificate-based systems.


While Trump's supporters describe the summit as historic, and a development that has made the US and the world safe, his opponents are skeptical arguing that Pyongyang cannot be relied upon.
President Donald Trump said on Monday that the US media, which he often describes as "fake news", would have named his predecessor Barack Obama as a "national hero" for a similar kind of peace talks with North Korea.
"If President Obama (who got nowhere with North Korea and would have had to go to war with many millions of people being killed) had gotten along with North Korea and made the initial steps toward a deal that I have, the Fake News would have named him a national hero!" Trump tweeted.
Early this month, Trump held a historic summit meeting with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un in Singapore, where the latter pledged to work toward the "complete denuclearisation" in return for security guarantees from the US.
While Trump's supporters describe the summit as historic, and a development that has made the US and the world safe, his opponents are skeptical arguing that Pyongyang cannot be relied upon.


Why Don't More Banks Offer Appointments?
Celent's Bob Meara looks at Bank of Montreal's success in offering customers a chance to make appointments.
Jason Bomers of Crowe Horwath LLP explains why old ways of measuring branch performance no longer work.
Mike Branton of StrategyCorps talks about why adding value to checking accounts matters.
PwC's Peter Horowitz discusses the importance of analyzing customer and business impact before implementing product changes.
Mike Branton of StrategyCorps offers the top checking product design and delivery trends for financial institutions in 2013.
PwC's Shivali Shah explains how our Experience Radar research is different from other customer experience models.
Can mobile applications level the playing field for community banks?
What happens when interest rates go up? Bank Director editor Jack Milligan looks to the future of banking.
Is there such a thing as the perfect consumer checking line-up? Mike Branton of StrategyCorps takes a 1-2-3 approach to find out.
Banks can do a lot to improve the relationship people have with their money. Cole & Weber United talks about five things banks can do.


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News, Products
AirMap And Honeywell Develop Cost-Effective Tracking Solution For Drones
The Easy-to-Use Hardware Device Enables 4G and Satellite Connectivity to UTM System for Unmanned Aircraft
MADRID - World ATM Congress -- Today, AirMap, the leading global airspace management platform for drones, and Honeywell announced the development of a cost-effective drone tracking solution to provide airspace safety authorities with situational awareness of manned and unmanned aircraft operations within an airspace system.
Together, the companies will develop a cost-effective hardware device to allow for unmanned aerial systems (UAS), or drones, to maintain consistent communication with a UAS Traffic Management (UTM) system. UTM is a digital air traffic management system made up of technologies and services designed to maintain safe integration and separation of drones and other aircraft and objects in low-altitude airspace via the exchange of mission-critical data and telemetry information.
The drone tracking solution co-developed by AirMap and Honeywell will support multiple communication options, including 4G and satellite in areas without 4G coverage, for the broadcast of real-time drone telemetry feeds to a UTM system. The AirMap UTM Platform ingests telemetry feeds from a variety of hardware- and software-based solutions for visualization, monitoring, and deconfliction by air navigation service providers (ANSP) and other relevant authorities.
"The AirMap UTM Platform is designed to provide a real-time operating picture of the airspace for both manned and unmanned aircraft," said Ben Marcus, AirMap Chairman and Co-founder. "We've partnered with Honeywell to deliver an easy-to-use, cost-effective, and drone-agnostic device as a practical way to start managing drone traffic in any environment, today."
Honeywell is an investor in AirMap and uses AirMap's application programming interfaces (API) for industrial customers in operations such as inspecting power lines and downstream oil and gas equipment.
The tracker device is available today as a proof of concept for testing.
About AirMap
AirMap is the world's leading airspace management platform for drones. AirMap connects the world's drones to airspace authorities through integrations with major drone manufacturers such as senseFly, Intel, Matternet, 3DR, and more. Deployed in Japan, Switzerland, and the U.S., AirMap leads the industry in UTM and U-space to enable safe drone operations at scale.
Learn more about the AirMap UTM Platform at: www.airmap.com


Nordic Mining is planning to deposit waste in the Førde Fjord, in the Sunnfjord region of western Norway, much to the concern of local tour operators, hoteliers, cruise companies, politicians and environmentalists.
The plans involve the removal of minerals from a nearby mountain and pumping 6.5 tons of heavy metal and 10 tons of chemical waste into a fjord every day for 50 years. The fjord is a spawning ground for salmon and cod and the proposed project has been called a "catastrophe for modern business" by the Norwegian tourist board for the area, Visit Fjordkysten AS.
"This whole matter is damaging to Norway's reputation as an environmentally friendly nation," said Christine Gaffney from The Travel Designer, a high-end Scandinavian tour company.
She said Askvoll and the western archipelago were particularly important as the culture and history of coastal fishing and farming communities here can still be seen today in local barrel-making, fishnet repair and boatbuilding businesses.
Vegard Heggem, an ex-Liverpool FC footballer who now runs a nearby salmon fishing lodge, said he is worried about how the mining waste will affect salmon stocks. "Two rivers, the Nausta and the Jølstra, run into the Førde fjord," he told Telegraph Travel. "The salmon juveniles from these rivers have to swim right through the area where the dumping is planned when they go for their long feeding migration in the open sea.
Hilde Solheim, director at Virke Reise, which represents Norwegian businesses, said: "The Fjords are the strongest brand in Norwegian tourism.
Norway's ministry of climate and environment is currently preparing a case on the issue for the government to consider.
Nordic Mining denies that the environment will be harmed by its activities, however. Last month, it stated that the Norwegian environment agency's claims regarding deterioration to the fjord's ecosystem were based on "undocumented estimates and uncertain information".
Ivar Fossum, Nordic Mining's CEO, told Telegraph Travel that the waste deposits (tailings) will not prevent fishing in the fjords and that the waste would not pollute the food chain as the few additives in the deposits are biodegradable.
"The mine tailings will have limited and temporary impact on the benthic fauna in the disposal area, and will not damage the ecosystem or any of the registered breeding places in the fjord," he said.
He said that the proposals had been subject to impact assessments going back to 2007 that verify that the disposal is a safe and sustainable solution.


In a stockpot, melt the butter over medium heat. Add the fennel, onions, garlic, and ginger. Cook, stirring frequently, for 10 minutes. Do not brown, just sweat. Add the white wine. Cook for 1 minute. Add the potato and the cauliflower, then the stock. Bring the soup to a boil, then turn the heat to low, and simmer the soup for 40 minutes. Add the salt and pepper. Then add the warm reduced cream. In a blender, blend the soup in batches. Taste the soup, and add salt or pepper if needed. Serve the soup hot. Place the quail in duck fat, add fresh thyme and garlic. Bake at 180 degrees for three hours . Keep in the fat until completely cold. Make the day before serving. Pull quail from the fat and shred.
Slice fresh baguette, rub with olive oil, then bake until crisp. Saute the mushrooms in a preheated pan on medium high heat until caramelized and dry. Add salt and black pepper. Spread bacon jam or pate on the toast, top with mushrooms. Garnish with white truffle oil.


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Four DB2 Code Bases?
Many years ago I worked on IBM DB2 and so I occasionally get the question, "how the heck could you folks possibly have four relational database management system code bases?" Some go on to argue that a single code base would have been much more efficient. That's certainly true. And, had we moved to a single code base, that engineering resource efficiency improvement would have led to a very different outcome in the database wars. I'm skeptical on this extension of the argument but the question is an interesting one and I wrote up a more detailed answer than usually possible off the cuff.
IBM Relational Database Code Bases
Few server manufacturers have the inclination and the resources needed to develop a relational database management system and yet IBM has internally developed and continues to support four independent, full-featured relational database products. A production-quality RDBMS with a large customer base is typically well over a million lines of code and represents a multi-year effort of hundreds and, in some cases, thousands of engineers. These are massive undertakings requiring special skills, so the question sometimes comes up, how could IBM possibly end up with four different RDBMS systems that don't share components?
At least while I was at IBM, there was frequent talk of developing a single RDBMS code base for all supported hardware and operating systems. The reasons why this didn't happen are at least partly social and historical, but there are also many strong technical challenges that make it difficult rewind the clock and use a single code base. The diversity of the IBM hardware and operating platforms would have made it difficult, the deep exploitation of unique underlying platform characteristics like the single level store on the AS/400 or the Sysplex Data Sharing on System z would make it truly challenging, the implementation languages used by many of the RDBMS code bases don't exist on all platforms raised yet another road block, and differences in features and functionality across the four IBM database code bases make it even less feasible. After so many years of diverse evolution and unique optimizations, releasing a single code base to rule them all would almost certainly fail to be feature and performance compatible with prior releases. Consequently, IBM has four different relational database management system code lines maintained by four different engineering teams.
DB2/MVS, now called Db2 for z/OS, is a great product optimized for the z/OS operating system supporting unique System z features such as the Sysplex Coupling Facility. Many of IBM's most important customers still depend on this database system and it would be truly challenging to port to another operating system such as Windows, System I, UNIX or Linux. It would be even more challenging to replace Db2 for z/OS with one of the other IBM relational code bases. Db2 for z/OS will live on for the life of the IBM mainframe and won't likely be ported to any other platform or ever be replaced by another RDBMS code line from within IBM.
DB2/400, now called Db2 for i, was the IBM relational database for the AS/400. This hardware platform, originally called the System/38, was released way back in 1979 but continues to be an excellent example of many modern operating system features. Now called System i, this server hosts a very advanced operating system with a single level store where memory and disk addresses are indistinguishable and objects can transparently move between disk and memory. It's a capability-based system where pointers, whether to disk or memory, include the security permissions needed to access the object referenced. The database on the System i exploits these system features, making Db2 for i another system-optimized and non-portable database. As with Db2 for z/OS, this code base will live on for the life of the platform and won't likely be ported to any other platform or ever be replaced by another RDBMS code line.
There actually is a single DB2 code base for the VM/CMS and the DOS/VSE operating systems. Originally called SQL/Data System or, more commonly, SQL/DS (now officially Db2 for VSE & VM), it is the productization of the original System R research system. Some components such as the execution engine have changed fairly substantially from System R, but most parts of the system evolved directly from the original System R project developed at the IBM San Jose Research Center (later to become IBM Almaden Research Center). This code base is not written in a widely supported or portable programming language and recently it hasn't had the deep engineering investment the other IBM RDBMS code bases have enjoyed. But it does remain in production use and continues to be fully supported. It wouldn't be a good choice to port to other IBM platforms and it would be very difficult to replace while maintaining compatibility with the previous releases in production on VM/CMS and DOS/VSE.
For the OS/2 system, IBM wrote yet another relational database system but this time it was written in a portable language and with fewer operating system and hardware dependencies. When IBM needed a fifth RDBMS for the RS/6000, many saw porting the OS/2 DBM code base as the quickest option. As part of this plan, the development of OS/2 Database Manager (also called OS/2 DBM) was transferred from the OS/2 development team to the IBM Software Solutions development lab in Toronto. The mission was both to continue supporting and enhancing OS/2 DBM but also to port the code base to AIX on the RS/6000. We also went on to deliver this code base on Linux, Windows, HP/UX, and Sun Solaris.
My involvement with this project started as we began the transfer of the OS/2 DBM code base to Toronto. It was an exciting time because not only were we going to have a portable RDBMS code base and be able to support multiple platforms but, in what was really unusual for IBM at the time, we would also support non-IBM operating systems. This really felt to me like "being in the database business" rather than being in the systems business with a great database.
One of the first things we discovered was OS/2 DBM was really struggling with our largest customers and they were complaining to the most senior levels at IBM. I remember having to fly into Chicago to meet with an important IBM customer who was very upset with OS/2 Database Manager stability. As I pulled up in front of their building, a helicopter landed on the lawn with the IBM executives who had flown in from headquarters for the meeting. I knew that this was going to be a long and difficult meeting and it was.
We knew we had to get this code stable fast, but we also had made commitments to the IBM Software Solutions leadership to quickly be in production on the RS/6000. The more we learned about the code base, the more difficult the challenge looked. The code base wasn't stable, didn't perform well, nor did it scale well in any dimension. It became clear we either had to choose a different code base to build upon or make some big changes fast.
There was a lot to be done and very little time. The pressure was mounting and we were looking at other solutions from a variety of different sources when the IBM Almaden database research team jumped in. They offered to put the entire Almaden database research team on the project, with a goal to both replace the OS/2 DBM optimizer and execution engine with Starburst (Database research project) components and to help solve the scaling and stability problems we were currently experiencing in the field. Taking a research code base is a dangerous step for any development team, but this proposal was different in that the authors would accompany the code base. Pat Selinger of IBM Almaden Research essentially convinced us that we would have a world-class optimizer and execution engine and we would have the full-time commitment from Pat, Bruce Lindsay, Guy Lohman, C. Mohan, Hamid Pirahesh, John McPherson and the rest of the IBM Almaden database research team working shoulder to shoulder with us in making this product successful.
The decision was made to take this path. At around the same time we were making that decision, we had just brought the database up on the RS/6000 and discovered that it was capable of only 6 transactions per second measured using TPC-B. The performance leader on that platform at the time, Informix, was able to deliver 69 tps. This was incredibly difficult news in that the new Starburst research optimizer, although vital for more complex relational workloads, would have virtually no impact on the simple transactional performance of TPC-B.
I remember feeling like quitting as I thought through where this miserable performance would put us as we made a late entrance to the UNIX database market. I dragged myself up out of my chair and walked down to the Janet Perna's office. Janet was the leader of IBM Database at the time and responsible for all code bases on all platforms. I remember walking into Janet's office and, more or less without noticing she was already meeting with someone, and blurting out "we have a massive problem." She asked for the details and Janet, typical of her usual "just get it done" style to all problems, said "well, we'll just have to get it fixed then. Bring together a team of the best from Toronto and Almaden and report weekly." Janet is an incredible leader and, without her confidence and support, I'm not sure we would have even started the project. Things just looked too bleak.
Instead of being a punishing or unrewarding long march, the performance improvement project was one of the best experiences of my life. Over the course of six months, the joint Toronto/Almaden team transformed the worse performing database management system to the best. When we published our audited TPC-B performance later that year, it was the best performing database management system on the RISC System/6000 platform.
It was during this performance work that I really came to depend upon Bruce Lindsay. I used to joke that convincing Bruce to do anything was nearly impossible but, once he was believed it was the right thing to do, he could achieve as much by himself as any mid-sized engineering team. I've never seen a problem too big for Bruce. He's saved my butt multiple times over the years and, although I've bought him a good many beers, I probably still owe him a few more.
The ad hoc Toronto/Almaden DB2 performance team did amazing work and that early effort not only saved the product in the market but also cemented the trust between the two engineering teams. Over subsequent years, many great features were delivered and much was achieved.
Many of the OS/2 DBM quality and scaling problems were due to a process model where all connected users ran in the same database address space. We knew that needed to change. Matt Huras, Tim Vincent and the teams they led completely replaced the database process model to one where each database connection had its own process each of which could access a large shared buffer pool. This gave the isolation needed to run reliably. They also kept the ability to run in operating system threads, and put in support for greater than 4GB-addressing even though all the operating systems we were using at the time were 32-bit systems. This work was a massive improvement in database performance and stability. It was a breath of fresh air to have the system stabilized at key customer sites so we could focus on moving the product forward and functionally improving it with a much lower customer support burden.
Another problem we faced with this young code base, originally written for OS/2, was that each database table was stored in its own file. There are some downsides to this mode but, generally, it can be made to work fairly well. What was absolutely unworkable was that no table could be more than 2GB. Even back then, a database system where a table could not exceed 2GB is pretty close to doomed.
At this point, we were getting close to our committed delivery date and the collective Toronto and Almaden teams had fixed all the major problems with the original OS/2 DBM code base and had it ported and running well on AIX. We also could support other operating systems and platforms fairly easily. But, the one problem we just hadn't found a way to address was the 2GB table size limit.
At the time I was lead architect for the product and felt super-strongly that we needed to address the table size limitation of 2GB before we shipped. I was making that argument vociferously but the excellent counter argument was we were simply out of time. Any reasonable redesign would have delayed us significantly from our committed product ship dates. Estimates ranged from 9 to 12 months and many felt bigger slips were likely if we made changes of this magnitude to the storage engine.
I still couldn't live with the prospect of shipping a UNIX database product with this scaling limitation so I ended up taking a long weekend and writing support for a primitive approach to supporting greater-than-2GB tables. It wasn't a beautiful solution but the beautiful solutions had been investigated extensively and just couldn't be implemented quickly enough. What I did was implement a virtualization layer below the physical table manager that allowed a table to be implemented over multiple files. It wasn't the most elegant of solutions but it certainly was the most expedient. It left most of the storage engine unchanged and, after the files were opened, it had close to no negative impact on performance. Having this code in our hands and it being able to pass our full regression test suite swung the argument the other way and we decided to remove the 2GB table size limit before shipping.
When we released the product, we had the world's fastest database on AIX measured using TPC-B. We also had the basis for a very available system and the customers that were previously threatening legal action became happy reference customers. Soon after, we shipped the new Starburst optimizer and query engine.
This database system became quite successful and, after working on it for many releases, it remains one of the best engineering experiences of my life. The combined Toronto and Almaden teams are amongst the most selfless and talented group of engineers with which I've ever worked. Janet Perna, who headed IBM database at the time, was a unique leader who made us all better, had incredibly high expectations, and yet never was that awful boss you sometimes hear about. Matt Huras, Tim Vincent, Al Comeau, Kathy McKnight, Richard Hedges, Dale Hagen, Bernie Schieffer and the rest of the excellent Toronto DB2 team weren't afraid of a challenge and knew how to deliver systems that worked reliably for customers. Pat Selinger is an amazing leader who helped rally the world-class Almaden database research team and kept all of us on the product team believing. Bruce Lindsay, C. Mohan, Guy Lohman, John McPherson, Don Chamberlin, the co-inventor of the Structured Query Language, Hamid Pirahesh and the rest of IBM Almaden database research team are all phenomenal database researchers but they are also willing to roll up their sleeves and do the sometimes monotonous work that seems to be about 90% of what it takes to ship high quality production systems. For example, Pat Selinger, an IBM Fellow and inventor of the relational database cost based optimizer, spent vast amounts of her time writing the test plan and some of the tests used to get the system stable and gain confidence that it was ready for production.
IBM continues to earn billions annually from its database offerings so it's hard to refer to these code bases as anything other than phenomenal successes. An argument might be made that getting to a single code base could have allowed the engineering resources to be applied more efficiently. I suppose that is true, but market share is even more important than engineering efficiency and what would have helped grow market share faster would have been to focus the database engineering, marketing, and sales resources on selling DB2 on non-IBM server platforms earlier and with more focus. It's certainly true that Windows has long been on the DB2 supported platforms list, but IBM has always been most effective selling on its own platforms. That's still true today. DB2 is available on the leading cloud computing platform but, again, most IBM sales and engineering resources are still invested in their own competitive cloud platform. On this model, IBM database success will always be tied to IBM server platform market share.
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55 comments on "Four DB2 Code Bases?"
Philip Gunning says:
Wow, as a non-IBMer I cam to know Db2/2 around 1995 and have been working with it ever since. Never met you James but know most of the people referenced in this article. Would have been wesome to know you back when all this was happening.
They were exciting times and things were changing fast. it's amazing how broadly installed relational databases have become. The database world is again going through a massive transition with cloud computing opening up the market for different designs and another big breath of innovation.
Henrik Loeser says:
Great article, cool photo. Stumbled over this on Twitter.
As PhD. student I was user of Informix and Illustra and wanted to get a job with them. IBM bought Informix and I ended up at the Silicon Valley Lab, working on DB2. And with many of those guys on the photo.
Good choice. There probably isn't a better place to learn RDBMS internals. But, having done that, it's now time to go work for AWS on cloud hosted databases.
Kelly Schlamb says:
Great read, James. Hope all is well with you and Jennifer.
Daniel Wood says:
Having cut my teeth on database internals at Informix for 11 years from '94 through '04 I often wished IBM had gone a different direction. Having worked on DB internals at Informix, IBM, a startup db, Sybase, SAP, Oracle and now Postgres(Salesforce then Amazon) I still consider it the best combination of having clean, easy to understand code, while having the enterprise characteristics that something like Postgres is so lacking in many ways. IMO, the lack of true MVCC and a 32 bit storage system, limiting greater than 2GB non-partitioned tables were two of the issues limiting its future. Informix + IBM gave me my career in DB internals going from tech support to one of the senior dev architects. Fond memories indeed.
I wish IBM would open source it.
You have worked on a lot of different code bases. You almost have the leaders covered. I agree that Informix was a very nice system that was fairly easy to work with and broadly featured.
Felix Naumann says:
Hi James, a very interesting story, thanks! A while ago I had created a genealogy of many relational DBMS, including the four code lines you talk about. Maybe you could have a look to see if the representation is accurate and if you have anything to correct or add: https://hpi.de/naumann/projects/rdbms-genealogy.html
I am currently working on an update anyway, and can only rely on people like you with intimate knowledge of what went on at the time.
Thanks, Felix
Wow, that's an interesting chart. It'll be challenging to get right but useful if you can. Some issues I saw:
*DB2/MVS was sourced from SystemR (recommend confirming with Don Haderle or Pat Selinger)
*System/38 did not share any code from SystemR (recommend confirming with Pat Selinger)
*The DB2 UDB code line did not originate in DB2/MVS. It's was originally written as OS/2 Database Manager (see my article).
*Stonebraker can confirm if the Informix code base did branch from Postgres.
*I'm not familiar with IBM IS1 and didn't think it was a contributor to SystemR. Recommend checking with Pat Selinger or Bruce Lindsay).
Jeff Goss says:
Not only did we look younger, the baby on my T-shirt is now in first year at McMaster University in Life Sciences! The other amazing part about this photo is how we all stayed with IBM given how the DB2 team has spread over so many companies and projects over the years. Dale and Hershel retired from IBM. Glad Matt sent this my way although I didn't see it until now.
McMaster? Amazing — that kind of puts perspective on how long it's been. Hershel dropped by to visit us on the boat in Seattle a few years back and we stay in touch. Jennifer and I had lunch with Janet when we were last in Florida 2 years back. That was super fun.
Les King says:
Awesome article James. Cool picture. Brings back memories of being in our brand new support organization at this time and dealing with the customer expectations on OS/2 DBM. The team you outline laid the foundation for taking OS/2 DBM into the DB2 (now Db2) we have today. Being able to have data management front and center in my career since then to now has been a real blessing.
Hey, good hearing from you Les. You're right. It definitely was a busy time for the support organization.
Leon Katsnelson says:
The post brought back great memories and it all came back as if it was yesterday. I remember the process model debates and the 2GB table size limit. When you came back with the solution it was like having your team score the wining goal in the final second of the game. I think this is when your status was elevated to "Demi-god". All the best on your travels on the high seas!
Yeah, it was a fun time. By far, the process model changes were absolutely vital to us getting the product quality under control and the needed changes were massive. Tim and Matt and their teams really aced that one. Rarely does big work come in on such a short glide path.
Lance Amundsen says:
What a walk down career memory lane. I owned the CAE client api in Austin and handed it off to Toronto in the early 90s move. Then I put a lot of the performance changes in to the as/400 odbc driver up in Rochester. Lastly I supported all four code based on the SWG HiPods team. Great people all along and many friends to this day. Heck I am lost forgot, I wrote the original programming manuals when Austin hired me in 89. I still remember demonstrating rollback in a sample program that "demoted all managers" as the sql operation. I wonder how long that sample stayed in the pubs lol
The move from Austin to Rochester must have been a shock on the system once winter had rolled around :-). I'll bet your programming examples lived for years and, who knows, some may still be there today.
Bernard Golden says:
Heh. I ran part of the Informix database engineering group at that time. It was a heady period for relational databases, as they were in the steep growth curve of adoption. It's easy to forget today, but there was a time that RDBMs were like a magical technology that vastly improved application development.
Thanks for the nice memoir of the time and work.
P.S. As I'm sure you know, IBM now owns Informix, where it's still maintained (I think) as a separate brands. In fact, I ran into someone from the Informix group not so long ago and he told me that Informix is very popular in IoT devices, as it has a fast and efficient logging/recovery capability.
Yes, I do know Informix XPS reasonably well. In fact, when I said above "The pressure was mounting and we were looking at other solutions from a variety of different sources" one of those sources was Informix. Around that time, I went out to the Informix Portland Lab and ported part of Informix to OS/2. Not many people at IBM or Informix knew that work was going on at the Informix Portland lab (Gary Kelly's group). But I did spend a couple of days in Menlo Park where I met with most team leads and CEO Phil White.
Informix XPS had a really nice design where the core scheduling/dispatch engine is separate form the rest of the system and even has it's own set of tests. It's like an operating system on which the rest of the database system is hosted. Below this core component is the layer that needs to be tailored to each operating system. So, porting Informix is writing a new version of the O/S access layer which is pretty small and actually fairly easy to do. Then porting the core scheduling/dispatch engine which is a bit of work but it will run on it's own without the rest of the database and it has it's own tests so it's a relatively easy component to get running. Once it's running, getting the rest running is work but few issues are expected.
I ported the Informix core scheduling/dispatch system to OS/2 and got all the tests passing. That was enough to convince us that an OS/2 port of Informix XPS was practical and not that much work would be required. We ended up not going that direction but it was an interesting couple of weeks working on the XPS code base. I thought it was a very nicely thought through system.
Walter Alvey says:
I'm curious who is in the picture. I recognize some of them but not everyone.
Emad Boctor says:
Standing, Left to right:
Jeff Goss, Mike Winer, Sam Lightstone, Tim Vincent, Matt Huras
Sitting, Left to right:
Dale Hagen, Bernie Schiefer, Ivan Lew, Herschel Harris, Kelly Schlamb.
Thanks for posting the names.
John Willsher says:
I used DB2 when it only supported a rules (ie. not cost) based sql optimiser. My idea is to go with DB3 version 1 to support a true 3dimensional table in a 3 dimensional array in core. Imagine the Cartesian product of 1 or more of these tables joined together. Visualise as X.Y,Z Cartesian coordinates or a bunch of oxo cubes joined together.The 3rd dimension could be the imaginary part f a mathematical complex number. Whatever tat may be:) season's greetings from john willsher
paul tormey says:
This needs editing…the statement(s) in question are :"DB2/400, now called Db2 for i, is the IBM relational database for the AS/400. This hardware platform, originally called the System/38, was released way back in 1979 but continues to be an excellent example of many modern operating system features. Now called System i, "
Should be "DB2/400 was the IBM relational database for the AS/400″…"Db2 for i is the IBM relational database for the IBM i system which currently runs on the IBM Power server systems.
At least let's keep current…thanks.
The team of professional editors on perspectives must have dropped the ball on this one Paul :-).
Stephen Li says:
Great war story to read and learn from. What hit me was that at such a large company as IBM, you could still just walk into your R&D boss' office to blurt out the issue rather than being required to schedule a meeting to report with ppt. :D
Janet didn't believe in excess formality but she was always very busy so I would have to schedule something if I needed her time. In this case, I just didn't. This news just felt too urgent.
Linda Igra says:
James, this is Linda Fiszer Igra :-) Great article and great memories of pushing out DB2/2 V 1.5 as the first release ever from Toronto Lab!!! Love the picture, what a laugh! – brings back great memories of the brilliant people we had the pleasure of working with everyday.
And to top it off … one of the commentators Jack Orenstein was my Intro to Comp Sci prof – Jack – you taught me Fortran in 1980 at McGill!!! What a scream!
Hey Linda! Hope all is well. The picture is a real gem. I just love it.
Jack Orenstein says:
Hi Linda! Tim Merrett just brought my attention to this article.
Peter Shum says:
Hey James, this is a great article and love the photo! All those names bring back fond memory working with you guys. This is a piece of "oral history" for DB2 LUW!
Hi ya Peter! I agree with you. We have all worked on a lot of successful products since DB2 but these were special times and I'm still proud of what the team delivered.
Thomas Hinders says:
A great example of what made IBM great….I retired 2 years ago, and what I hear from those still working leads me to believe this is no longer the case….
Great article. I know many of the names you mentioned as System R researchers. It is very impressive to find out how hands-on they were.
John McPherson says:
Fantastic posting James. It was a wonderful experience working with everyone on that team on a lot of fascinating engineering challenges. Your leadership was an important part of the project's success. You might have had your doubts, but you never let it show. Your comment on testing reminded me that another one of our famous testers was Don Chamberlin, the co-inventor of SQL. Everyone from the veterans to the fresh hires worked together to accomplish something that many outsiders didn't think was possible.
Good hearing from you John. Good point on Don Chamberlin. He was a joy to work with and a big part of the success we found. Happy holidays!
Julia Johnston says:
Wonderful read on what went on behind the scenes! Many names mentioned helped my clients over the years as I technically sold each of these great DB2 systems. Thank you all!
Thanks for helping to make DB2 successful.
Andy Pavlo says:
Great post. I will reference this in my class next semester. I have two additional questions:
(1) Do you know whether IBM does high-level (i.e., SQL) compatibility tests between the different codebases? That is, take the same database, load into each system, then run a bunch of queries to see whether all four implementations produce the same output?
(2) How does IBM's "Eagle" project (i.e., SQL on IMS) fit into this? I heard that's where they decided to first borrow pieces from System R?
Andy asked if IBM does high-level compatibility testing between the different variants of DB2? Yes, there was some and I suspect at least some of this testing is still done today. Years ago a common subset of SQL was defined across all of IBM called Systems Application Architecture SQL or, more commonly SAA SQL. If a customer stayed within this common SQL subset there was a good chance their query would run everywhere. But, since the database systems don't share code and are completely different implementations there will be differences even in the subset and, of course, all four code bases implement large numbers of features unique to that code base.
Project Eagle was an effort to put a relational head end on IMS. Clearly, at a high level, it was a very compelling strategy to have both relational and the existing large install base of IMS customers all running on the same code base. But, like so many "high level ideas" it's pretty close to impossible to actually deliver upon that vision and project Eagle was canceled.
For more on Project Eagle, see "Readings in Database Systems": https://www.amazon.com/Readings-Database-Systems-MIT-Press/dp/0262693143/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1514044333&sr=8-1&keywords=readings+in+database+systems.
Sadly, implementing one model on top of a radically different one tends not to go well. I say this having built two object/relational mappers, one at an OODBMS startup (cooperative work with Almaden!) and then a Java-based one. At the OODBMS company, we also tried putting a SQL layer on top of our system.
These systems are too fragile. It's too hard to get acceptable performance, and it seems like you always have to dive down to the lower layer. So instead of being able to use Java and forget about SQL (for example), you end up having to deal with both. For the very simplest queries, the mapping is fine. But the rest of the time, you are trying to get your mapping layer to product the "right" SQL, when it would have been far easier to just write the SQL yourself.
I think you are right Jack. It's just about impossible for the fundamental characteristics of the underlying system to not show through. Native implementations almost always end up faster, less fragile, and easier to use.
Brent Ozar says:
I really appreciate you sharing this. It's eye-opening, and it's interesting to think about in terms of Microsoft's support for SQL Server on Linux, too.
Excellent point Brent. It'll be interesting to see if Microsoft puts real sales, marketing, and engineering behind SQL Server on Linux. I think they might. However, it has long been the case that platform owners have a real advantage with apps targeting their own platforms but they have a similar disadvantage when on competitive platforms. Its super hard for platform owners to invest deeply in product for other platforms and the products are often weaker, sold less aggressively, and hardly marketed at all.
Matt Olson says:
Very interesting indeed. Microsoft was able to achieve the dream goal of a single code base. This article sums things up pretty good:
https://techcrunch.com/2017/07/17/how-microsoft-brought-sql-server-to-linux/
When I worked on Microsoft SQL Server, many of us were convinced Linux growth was real and wanted to put SQL Server on it. A decade of time was given up but it's great that it is now on Linux. The next difficult test is will there be the sales and marketing push behind it and will the effort have the best engineers. Essentially, will it be "real" or just a tick box?
So far it looks real to me but a decade earlier would have been much better — the open source offerings of PostgreSQL, MariaDB, and MySQL are all gaining share quickly and they are important enough that all cloud platform owners need to support them as well. MySQL actually has more share than Microsoft SQL Server and PostgreSQL will almost certainly pass it soon.
Walid Rjaibi says:
Great article James! We did not have a chance to work together but I did interview with you on Sep. 23, 1996 at the Toronto Lab and I still remember most of our conversation :-)
Thanks Walid.
Mike Winer says:
What an awesome team we had, the early years were so fun, productive, and memorable! Great blog James – hope to see you again some time!
Totally agree Mike. Exciting times, great results, and an excellent team.
Peeter Joot says:
I never met you James, but I worked with everybody in your picture, and many of the individuals you named in this article. Matt was my first and favourite manager in the 19 years I worked on DB2. He led by simply letting you loose on problems, and by the time you finished having fun solving them, he had the solution he wanted.
Thanks for sharing this bit of history.
That definitely sounds like Matt. Thanks for the comment Peeter.
Tim Vincent says:
Great trip down memory lane James, was an incredibly exciting time. The photo brought a smile, we looked just a bit younger then!
Hey Tim! I totally agree with you — It was an amazing time and that picture really brings back great memories.


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text:
LanguageLang : Hindi
Annette N. Brown, PhD leads the Research and Evaluation Strategic Initiative at FHI 360, the mission of which is to grow the visibility and portfolio of FHI 360's research and evaluation work across sectors and promote an organizational culture for evidence generation and use. She also serves as editor-in-chief for the R&E Search for Evidence blog.
As the Principal Economist at FHI 360, Annette N. Brown, PhD leads efforts to promote FHI 360 thought leadership, especially in research and evaluation, and build an organizational culture of evidence generation and use across all sectors and regions. She is a member of FHI 360's expanded leadership forum and the editor-in-chief for the R&E Search for Evidence blog. Prior to joining FHI 360, Dr. Brown headed the Washington, DC office of the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) and served on its executive team. In that role, she oversaw a variety of programs, including the organization's HIV and AIDS impact evaluation grants windows and its research transparency initiatives. Earlier in her career, Dr. Brown worked at both for-profit and not-for-profit development implementers in roles that involved research, strategy, program management, business development, technical assistance, and measurement and evaluation. She was an Assistant Professor of Economics at Western Michigan University, and has held research positions at the World Bank and the Stockholm Institute of Transition Economics. Dr. Brown is the author or co-author of several articles that have been published in social science and public health journals. She has a doctorate in economics and Master's in Russian and East European Studies from the University of Michigan.
Email: ABrown@fhi360.org
Website: https://sites.google.com/view/anbrowndc
Institution / Affiliation : FHI 360
Previous Partner Organizations: Chemonics International, Deloitte Consulting, The Urban Institute
Methodology: Experimental Design, Field Experiments, Mixed Method, Survey Methodology
Policy: Conflict and Violence, Corruption, Governance


Weekends are busy for anyone…but when you're a mom and a photographer, a free weekend is sometimes hard to come by. So when I have the chance to head up to Harrisburg for some time with some of my favorite people, I am a happy girl. Bringing my kids with me, makes it even better! My husband is there to help with the heavy lifting and the kids help to sort, distribute and chat with everyone!! I am there to document and help in anyway I can. I've loved meeting all of those involved in coming together to make this outreach possible each and every time. From our Life Center Ministries family to Alisia and her family who are with Food From The King to Blessings of Hope and all the friends and residents from the community. The first time I was there, it was cold and rainy (check it out here)…so I'm glad that this particular week the sun was shining! One of my very best friends of 30 years was able to come with us for the first time too! We are able to serve our community and provide things like fresh produce, drinks, yogurt, vitamins, canned goods, cereal, bread, and SO much more!!
There are many events that take place at The Mansion at 333 South 13th Street, including the 5th Annual Love the Hill Harvest Party taking place this Saturday, November 18th from Noon-4pm. Check it out…we'd love to see you there!!