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Bodoland Movement: Bodos struggle for separate state
In the heart of every social or political movement is the desire to bring some change in the pre-existing structure or ideology of society, and that is what bodoland movement aims to achieve. This movement strive to dismantle the existing geopolitical setting in Assam, and want a separate state out of it, for the Bodo tribe of this area. Is it right or wrong, that is not the purpose of this article but to understand the need for this demand and to see how Bodoland movement evolves over a period of time.
Negligence by Governments
The foundation for this movement was already laid in the British era when Britishers allowed the immigration of landless peasants from the densely populated bordering districts of Bengal (Now Bangladesh) to the sparsely populated districts of the Brahmaputra valley of Assam which was dominated by Bodo people. This process of migration was continued even after independence, and in fact it blew out of proportion. The massive increase of migrant population put tremendous pressure on tribal land, this forced tribal people to evict their land. In the post colonial period, tribal were forced to depend on the upper caste landlords ruling class. The tribal were also deprived of the benefit of industrialization and they remained at the level of peasant economy. The imposition of Assamese language as the official language of the state also fueled the resentment among Bodo people. All in all, the negligence shown by the Government towards the welfare and protection of identity and culture of tribal people, sowed the seed of Bodoland movement.
Origin of the demand for separate state (PTCA)
The Tribal people of Assam had realized that they are being alienated on both economic and political platform, and their culture, heritage and identity is facing threat under the umbrella of Assamese nationalism. The formation of All Assam Plains Tribal League (AAPTL) in 1933 and Bodo Sahitya Sabha in 1952 shows Bodos quest for forming a socio-political identity. Platform for the Bodoland movement was made with the formation of political organisations like Plain Tribal Council of Assam (PTCA) and All Bodo Students' Union (ABSU) in 1967. PTCA raised the demand for the political autonomy of Bodos and this demand found expression with the idea of a separate union territory, namely, Udayanchal comprising all the tribal areas of the North bank of the river Brahmaputra. Formation of PTCA was a important step in the evolution of Bodoland Movement, but PTCA gradually lost its relevance among common Bodos "because of their internecine conflict and their brief electoral alliances with the then Assam Government as PTCA had joined the short lived Janata Dal ministry led by Golap Borbora in 1978-79 and eventually moderated its demands to make the new administrative unit an autonomous region within Assam"*.
Emergence of All Bodo Student Union (ABSU)
ABSU was formed in the same year as PTCA, but it always played secondary role to PTCA, but soon they realised that PTCA had failed to fulfill the aspirations of the Bodo people. With the election of Upendranath Brahma as its president in 1987, ABSU became the sole flag bearer of Bodoland movement. Brahma decided to launch a democratic mass revolution on the principles of Gandhian non-violence aimed at formation of a separate state (Bodoland) by 1990 through a fifty-fifty division of Assam. ABSU submitted a memorandum to the Central Government on 22nd January 1987 demanding a separate state. They started mobilizing people against Assamese chauvinism and blamed Assamese people for the alienation of the tribal of Assam. An umbrella organization named Bodo People's Action Committee (BPAC) was formed to unite all sections of Bodo people irrespective of age and political affiliation. The ABSU and BPAC jointly organized a huge rally on 12th June 1987 at Judge's field in Guwahati (Assam) where they coined the slogan "Divide Assam Fifty-Fifty". Soon they realized that their peaceful protests were not helping the cause and they revert to violent activities. Police were used to suppress the movement but it too failed in its effort.
Bodo Accord
After many rounds of talk between Government and ABSU and other parties of interest, the Memorandum of Settlement (MOS) popularly known as Bodoland Accord was signed on 20th February, 1993 Kokrajhar. The accord provided for a democratically elected Bodoland Autonomous Council (BAC) in the Northern Valley of the Brahmaputra river, it was not a separate state as envisioned by Bodos, but a administrative unit within Assam. The BAC Bill was introduced in the Assam State Assembly on 5 April 1993 and the Bill was enacted as Bodoland Autonomous Council Act, 1993.
Formation of militant organisation
Formation of BAC provided some sort of autonomy to the Bodos within the state of Assam and it certainly slacked some tension, but it failed to fulfill the expectation of all section of Bodo people. In the backdrop of this discontent, two major militant organization came into existence, National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB) demanding separate country and Bodo Liberation Tiger Force (BLTF) demanding separate state, and these organisation rejected the accord. Now these organisation was spearheading the Bodo cause, but with their violent method. They started ethnic cleansing operation resulted in large scale riots and killings of Santhals, Nepalese, Bengali and Muslim immigrants. This onslaught resulted in mushrooming of small militant organistaion of different communities like Adivasi Cobra Force (ACF), Birsa Commando Force (BCF), Bengali Tiger Force (BTF), Islamic Revolutionary Army (IRA), Immigrant Muslim Liberation Army (IMLA) and many others in late 90s.
Creation of Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC)
In the mean time ABSU and BPAC also rejected Bodoland Accord in 1999 due to the various unresolved issues between government and BAC, like demarcation of the boundaries of the BAC, and they again launched a fresh movement this time demanding a complete autonomous separate state 'Bodoland'. However, they again end up with what they already had. On February 10, 2003 with the help of initiatives of ABSU a memorandum of settlement was signed between Government of India, Assam Government and BLT. The main objectives of the agreement were to create an autonomous self-governing body to be known as Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC) within the state of Assam and to administer a territory spanning 3082 villages making four districts – Kokrajhar, Chirang, Baksa and Udalguri under the provisions of the Sixth Schedule of the constitution of India, to abolish the Bodoland accord of 1993, to fulfill economic, educational and linguistic aspirations and the preservation of land rights, socio-cultural and ethnic identity of the Bodos; and to speed up the infrastructural development in the newly formed BTC area. Formation of BTC is the culmination of Bodoland movement till now.
Bodoland movement is the story of people's quest for self-determination, when people realizes that their culture, identity and anything they identify with is being threatened and overshadowed, there is a natural urge among the people to defend what is theirs, that is what happened with Bodo people. Since the colonial rule, there was a feeling of alienation among Bodos, but when this feeling remained same even after independence because of the ignorance of Government, people started organizing themselves in pursuit of political autonomy, which resulted in the formation of organisation like ABSU, PTCA, BLTF and many others. This struggle for self determination ended up with formation of Bodoland Territorial Council (for now). However, Eleven state has gained statehood since 1967, when ABSU was formed, three from that same region (Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram), this raises intriguing questions.
*Bodoland Movement: A Study by Topu Choudhury
Quest for Peace in Assam A Study of the Bodoland Movement by Jaikhlong Basumatary
Backstory Indian Politics political problems tribes of India
Much obliged for the significant data and bits of knowledge you have so given here…
Bca colleges in Uttarakhand


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Home Books Art History Popular Art and the Avant-Garde
Vincent van Gogh's Collection of Newspaper and Magazine Prints
'Vincent Alessi's book is an important contribution to the literature dedicated to Vincent van Gogh. The influence of English literature and art on his oeuvre was very substantial, especially the popular social realistic prints that he started collecting in the early years of his career and which he considered 'a Bible for an artist'. Van Gogh's work underwent a drastic modernistic change after he moved to France in 1886, but he remained true to many of his early ideas and principles. This thorough study of a decisive factor in his formation as an artist is therefore fundamental to the understanding of his art.' Sjraar van Heugten, Former head of collections at the Van Gogh Museum
'The popular image of Vincent van Gogh as the tortured, untutored genius who transformed modern painting is a central part of the mythology surrounding him. Vincent Alessi's study convincingly argues that van Gogh never set out to be a tortured genius but rather an illustrator for popular magazines … Of course, it's the later French works that made him, but this is a very engaging and informative academic portrait of the evolution of van Gogh: the wild priest of high art whose grounding was in the popular art of the day.' Steven Carroll, Sydney Morning Herald and The Age
When van Gogh picked up his pencil and set out on his artistic career, it was not with the intention of becoming a leader of the avant-garde art world. Rather, his aims centred on earning a reasonable wage and living within the middle-class norms of his family. Van Gogh's hope was to become an illustrator of magazines and newspapers.
From 1880–85 van Gogh assembled a collection of over 2,000 black-and-white prints, predominately from English publications such as the Graphic and the Illustrated London News. These prints were produced in the thousands to accompany news stories or as stand-alone illustrations to be pinned up in the family home.
Vincent Alessi reveals for the first time how van Gogh's collection acted for him as both inspiration and manual: a guide to the subject matter demanded by leading illustrated newspapers and magazines and a model of artistic style.
These popular images are shown to have palpably shaped van Gogh's art, throughout his career, and to open up rich new understandings of a life and body of work that continue to intrigue and inspire.
Dr Vincent Alessi is a Senior Lecturer in Visual Arts and Art History at La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. His research interests include the life and work of Vincent van Gogh, mid-late 19th-Century European art, 19th-Century popular graphic illustration and Australian contemporary visual art and curatorial practice. Vincent has held numerous positions within cultural institutions including as Artistic Director of LUMA | La Trobe University Museum of Art and Curatorial Manager at the Ian Potter Museum of Art, University of Melbourne. He has curated exhibitions both nationally and internationally on artists as diverse as Mike Brown, Philip Hunter, Juan Ford, Julie Rrap and Brook Andrew and on topics varying from Australian abstractionism and modernism to notions of place and identity in contemporary practice.
Antipodean Perspective
Rex Butler and Sheridan Palmer
Australians in Italy
Bill Kent, Ros Pesman and Cynthia Troup
A Site of Convergence
Cynthia Troup with Jo-Anne Duggan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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This article is about self inprovement and health. It also touches on some relationship topics.
The article is a guide to healthier hair.
We're now aware that children aren't getting their recommended amount of physical activity each day – so what can be done to change this?
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The route to living in a fulfilled manner. The way to deal with life's little issues and to build better health of body and mind.
Eating the wrong things can be just as big a risk to your health as piling on the pounds because of diet. It is possible to starve yourself of nutrients despite shovelling so called food into yourself.
Household food staples serve purposes for beauty!
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Tag: salamander books
Baltimore Loses Another Bookstore
Rachel Monroe
It's a harsh world out there for bookstores, especially the quirky, independent kind. Still, somehow we thought that Salamander Books, the beloved Mt. Vernon purveyor of used books and home to friendly discussion groups, would be around forever. But the Kindle/Amazon/e-commerce world took its toll, and the bookstore will be closing its doors as soon as it sells off its inventory.
Survival of the Lit-est
For those hoisting metaphorical "End Is Nigh" signs near their local indie bookstores, 2011's been positively Revelations-worthy: In Baltimore alone, local clearinghouse Daedelus Books dropped its Belvedere Square location after five years and Borders, the long-suffering and debt-ridden Pepsi to Barnes & Noble's dominating Coke, liquidated; its Timonium location will close by the end of September. Factor in the ebook market, rife with shiny Amazon Kindles and smartphones, and it's all enough to drive a small bookseller into full-blown panic.
Or, at the very least, to defensive irony.
"The commercials for the Kindle crack me up," says Normal's Books and Records owner Rupert Wondolowski, who opened the store with a crowd of artist and writer friends in 1990. Faced with the threat of technology, he did what any artist-by-night might do: He leaned on satire, pasting "anti-Kindle" propaganda around the store and having a themed sale every Friday. "'No glare! It's so light!' A used book's not putting up much of a glare. And how many weaklings can't pick up a paperback?"
Of course, among local indies the Kindle features more as a scapegoat–used books are still "way cheaper than the Kindle versions," Wondolowski points out, and The Baltimore Sun's Jay Hancock documented booksellers' sheepish backpedaling from the Kindle-borne e-book scare just last week. "Even back in 1982, when I started in used books, people were saying the computer was going to screw us," Wondolowski says. More pressing? "There's also the complete collapse of the global economy. It's not so bad yet. You'll know things are rough when we're having a 50 percent sale."
Still, all that tech upheaval provides a tidy symbol for the hostile environment facing bookstores of late. While some locals–The Ivy Bookshop and Hunt Valley's Greetings & Readings both spring to mind–are managing to thrive via niche followings, peoples' reading habits are slowly changing and, clever sales aside, much of the local market has taken some drastic measures to stay in the black. On Normal's 21st birthday, for example, the store received an uneasy gift of charity: a benefit concert at the Golden West restaurant via a number of its musician regulars. ("It was a nice cash infusion for the slow summer months," Wondolowski admits.) And Ukazoo Books, a new and used store in Towson, took the 50 percent sale concept as a challenge, loss-leading its way to the bank this June by selling books as low as $1.49 a pop. But manager Edward Whitfill, who came up with the idea, spins these counterintuitive sales events as a sort of business Darwinism.
"People bought books to give away," he says of his sale. "At this point, we're an instant gratification society. Will there be room for everybody? No. But [Borders' closing] is probably doing a correction in the size of the market. They had a lot of debt. You can blame new technology, but when you're servicing debt, you can't explore new stuff."
Ukazoo, which opened a storefront in 2007 when its owners' online bookselling service became too big to be legal, has reason to look at marketing innovation as adaptability. But other locals are more circumspect. In Hancock's Sun article, Atomic Books co-owner Benn Ray notes that Borders' closing is "in nobody's interest," citing "repercussions" that may include publishers printing even smaller runs of their quirkier, more under the radar work–for many indie bookstores, the lifeblood of the business. And Michael Cantor, who founded Salamander Books in the late 1990s and relocated the shop from Hampden to Mount Vernon last year, goes even further, suggesting his livelihood is up against a more permanent change in the culture.
"Books aren't the go-to for the lay public anymore," he says. " You used to get on the train and there would be a book in 75 percent of the peoples' hands. Now they have laptops. It connects their brains in a similar way, but there's nothing residual afterwards. You can always press the button or flip the switch. That's very attractive."
Cantor hesitates to dismiss the web out of hand, though. "Something like Borders' closing was about the economy," he says. "How much does it cost to air-condition a place like that?" By comparison, he points to the small used business's many options, including online marketplaces like Amazon.com and ABE Books. Both have become secret weapons for Salamander and its cohort–places where they can defray dry spells and peddle their wares. But when asked about long-term survival, he still leans towards community presence.
"At this point, I see the book business not necessarily making the money I need to get by," Cantor says. "But it's not worth ditching it. People want to go to places where they have a connection with the people running them. Those who think and create are always in search of other individuals."
It's a position shared by Wondolowski.
"These are definitely frightening times," he says. "But lately I've been having a lot of nice, emotional conversations with people who love bookstores. They may die out for a while, but then where do you go when you're not on your computer? The pendulum will swing back."


text:
Bnei Brak (   Bani Barak) város Izrael tengermenti területén, Tel-Avivtól keletre. A város az ultraortodox zsidóság fellegvára, ugyanakkor az ország legsűrűbben lakott és legszegényebb városainak egyike.

Története
Először a Bibliában, Józsué könyvében említik, Beneberak néven, mint az ősi Júdea városa. A jelenkori települést az ókori elődjétől kb. 4 km távolságra alapította meg Jichák Gersztenkorn () vezetésével egy csoportnyi lengyel haszidista zsidó 1924-ben.

Alapítói eredetileg mezőgazdasági központnak szánták, azonban a kevés földterület miatt sok lakos szakmát váltott, és Bnei Brak városi jelleget kezdett el felvenni. A település első vallási vezetője Árje Mordekáj Rabinovic (), Kurów hajdani rabbija volt.

Palesztina 1931-es népszámlálásakor 255 házból állt, lakossága 956 fő volt, ekkor valamennyi lakosa zsidó volt.

A települést 1950-ben emelték városi rangra.

Jegyzetek

Izrael települései

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


With 12 years experience in the creative industry, Tahnee recently started re-training as a Software Developer at CodeClan.
I've had a fascination with technology from a young age. I did Advanced Higher Computing in school and back then I was either going to study Computer Science at Uni or go to Art School.
I decided to pursue a career in the creative industry. I did my Foundation in Art and Design at ECA and BA (Hons) in Design for Textiles Print (Fashion, Art, Interiors) at Heriot Watt University.
However, I never felt like I fitted in. When all the other students were drawing and painting flowers, I was doing illustrations of robots and creating weird Toy Story inspired sculptures of re-constructed broken toys! I have always been one to think outside the box when it comes to ideas. My greeting card range which featured an animation called Chasing Duck Wheel won me a placement with Tigerprint (a branch of Hallmark cards).
When I started working as a graphic designer, I really enjoyed the digital side of things. I had so much fun designing websites, apps and social media imagery. But it wasn't enough for me to just design the look and feel of things… I wanted to build things! I wanted to build websites, I wanted to build apps, I wanted to build robots!
I have always had a fascination with technology and every time I attend some sort of tech convention or event, it really excites me and gets me in the flow. In particular, I am interested in AI and VR technology.
I first heard about CodeClan through codebar, which I've been attending since March 2017. codebar is a non-profit initiative that enables under-represented people learn programming in a safe and collaborative environment and expand their career opportunities.
It has provided me with a great chance to network with those involved in the tech industry in Edinburgh and I have found the support of the coaches really valuable in developing my existing programming skills.
I remember picking up a CodeClan leaflet during a networking session at the beginning of codebar and was curious to find out more about the course. I spoke to a number of CodeClan graduates and teaching staff who volunteer at codebar and they all had so much enthusiasm for the course. Their positive energy was contagious… I was sold!
I wanted to retrain on CodeClan's 16-week Professional Software Development course but I was freelancing, and wasn't making enough to be able to afford the course.
One of the coaches at codebar advised me to keep an eye on the CodeClan website for announcements of scholarships. When I saw the scholarship from Cathcart Associates advertised my eyes lit up! It came at the perfect time for me and I decided to apply.
Cathcart have given me an amazing opportunity and I feel like everything has fallen into place. And now I've got the ball rolling; I'm being re-trained as a software developer and looking forward to starting my first role in the tech industry.
So far CodeClan has been amazing!
Everyone is really friendly and supportive. We have a nice bunch of people in our Cohort and I can already feel the bond developing in our CodeClan family. There is a focus on teamwork and collaboration; that's a really big thing at CodeClan and it shows in all the students that do the course.
It's hard work but worth every second and everyone helps each other out. I am proud of what I can already do in the short length of time I have been here.
I have quite a few groups I attend, including codebar, Women Who Code and recently CodeClan's Digital Women's Group which I really enjoyed.
I went to the first meeting of the Digital Women's Group. CodeClan's CEO Melinda Matthews set it up as part of a strategy to encourage diversity and get more women employed in Scottish technology roles. The topic was 'Navigating your Career' and featured guest speaker Jenn Fenwick; Coach and Director of Rebel Road Coaching.
I found it really empowering being around other women who are passionate about code and technology. We were given encouragement and valuable advice that we can take on and use in our careers.
They spoke about not being afraid to take the next step in your career which is really important. It was a very inspiring and motivating session and I'm looking forward to attending the next one.
I think that a role in front-end web development or user experience (UX) design would be a natural fit for me because I have the transferable skills from graphic design.
But I'm keeping an open mind about what I'll do eventually. I'm really enjoying the learning process here at CodeClan and I love trying out new things.


Welcome to MUOC Canoe Polo! If you think you have got what it takes, come and try the sport that incorporates basketball and kayaking in an intense 20 minutes game.
We run several canoe polo sessions every month and throughout the year. These sessions aim to introduce and expose Canoe Polo to beginners as well as teach basic kayaking skills (we can help you with your roll too). Even if you are an experienced player, you are welcome to come down and practice your skills with us! When there is a committed team of regular players, we can look to form a team and take part in local competitions, it will definitely be an experience you'll never forget!
For 2018, we will strive to have more in-depth sessions (asides from the regular sessions), focusing on a high level of game play and tactics, as well as developing and training boat & ball skills for those that are interested in Canoe Polo!
Stay tuned and we hope you to see you on the water!


text:
Testogel 16.2mg/g gel
Besins Healthcare (UK) Ltd contact details
TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g gel
One gram of gel contains 16.2 mg testosterone. One pump actuation delivers 1.25 g of gel containing 20.25 mg of testosterone.
Transparent or slightly opalescent, colourless gel.
TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g is indicated in adults as testosterone replacement therapy for male hypogonadism when testosterone deficiency has been confirmed by clinical features and biochemical tests (see 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use).
Transdermal use.
Adult and elderly men
The recommended dose is two pump actuations of gel (i.e. 40.5 mg of testosterone) applied once daily at about the same time, preferably in the morning. The daily dose should be adjusted by the doctor depending on the clinical or laboratory response in individual patients, not exceeding four pump actuations or 81 mg testosterone per day. The adjustment of posology should be achieved by increments of one pump actuation of gel.
The dose should be titrated based on the pre-dose morning testosterone blood levels. Steady state blood testosterone levels are reached usually by the second day of treatment with TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g. In order to evaluate the need to adjust the testosterone dosage, blood testosterone levels should be measured in the morning before application of the product, after the steady state is reached. Testosterone blood levels should be assessed periodically. The dose may be reduced if the testosterone blood levels are raised above the desired level. If the levels are low, the dosage may be increased stepwise, to a daily administration of 81 mg of testosterone (four actuations of gel) per day.
Therapy should be discontinued if the blood testosterone levels consistently exceeds the normal range at the lowest daily dose of 20.25 mg (1.25 g gel, equivalent to one pump actuation) or if blood testosterone levels in the normal range cannot be achieved with the highest dose of 81 mg (5 g gel, equivalent to four pump actuations).
Patient suffering from severe renal or hepatic insufficiency
Please see section 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use.
The safety and efficacy of TESTOGEL 16.2mg/g in males under 18 years have not been established.
No data are available.
The application should be administered by the patient himself, onto clean, dry, healthy skin over right and left upper arms and shoulders.
The gel should be simply spread on the skin gently as a thin layer. It is not necessary to rub it on the skin. Allow to dry for at least 3-5 minutes before dressing. Wash hands with soap and water after application, and cover the application site(s) with clothing after the gel has dried. Wash the application site thoroughly with soap and water prior to any situation where skin-to-skin contact of the application site with another person is anticipated. For more information regarding post dose washing see section 4.4 (subsection Potential for testosterone transfer).
Do not apply to the genital areas as the high alcohol content may cause local irritation.
To obtain a full first dose, it is necessary to prime the canister pump. To do so, with the canister in the upright position, slowly and fully depress the actuator three times. Safely discard the gel from the first three actuations. It is only necessary to prime the pump before the first dose.
After the priming procedure, fully depress the actuator once for delivering 1.25 g of TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g into the palm of the hand and then apply to the upper arms and shoulders.
TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g is contraindicated:
- in case of known or suspected prostate cancer or breast carcinoma
- in case of known hypersensitivity to testosterone or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g should be used only if hypogonadism (hyper- and hypogonadotrophic) has been demonstrated and if other aetiology, responsible for the symptoms, has been excluded before treatment is started. Testosterone insufficiency should be clearly demonstrated by clinical features (regression of secondary sexual characteristics, change in body composition, asthenia, reduced libido, erectile dysfunction etc.) and confirmed by two separate blood testosterone measurements. Currently, there is no consensus about age-specific testosterone reference levels. However, it should be taken into account that physiologically testosterone blood levels decrease with age.
Due to interlaboratory variability, all measurements of testosterone should be carried out by the same laboratory.
TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g is not indicated for treatment of male sterility or impotence.
Prior to testosterone initiation, all patients must undergo a detailed examination in order to exclude a risk of pre-existing prostate cancer. Careful and regular monitoring of the prostate gland and breast must be performed in accordance with recommended methods (digital rectal examination and estimation of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA)) in patients receiving testosterone therapy at least once yearly and twice yearly in elderly patients and at risk patients (those with clinical or familial risk factors).
Androgens may accelerate the progression of sub-clinical prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia.
TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g should be used with caution in cancer patients at risk of hypercalcaemia (and associated hypercalciuria), due to bone metastases. Regular monitoring of blood calcium levels is recommended in these patients.
In patients suffering from severe cardiac, hepatic or renal insufficiency, or ischaemic disease, treatment with testosterone may cause severe complications characterised by oedema with or without congestive cardiac failure. In such case, treatment must be stopped immediately. In addition, diuretic therapy may be required.
TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g should be used with caution in patients with ischaemic heart disease.
Testosterone may cause a rise in blood pressure and TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g should be used with caution in men with hypertension.
Testosterone should be used with caution in patients with thrombophilia, as there have been post-marketing reports of thrombotic events in these patients during testosterone therapy.
Testosterone levels should be monitored at baseline and at regular intervals during treatment. Clinicians should adjust the dosage individually to ensure maintenance of eugonadal testosterone levels.
In addition to laboratory analyses of testosterone levels in patients receiving long-term androgen therapy, the following laboratory parameters should also be monitored regularly: haemoglobin, and haematocrit (to detect polycythaemia), liver function tests, and lipid profile.
There is limited experience on the safety and efficacy of the use of TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g in patients over 65 years of age. Currently, there is no consensus about age specific testosterone reference levels. However, it should be taken into account that physiologically testosterone blood levels are decreasing with age.
TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g should be used with caution in patients with epilepsy and migraine as these conditions may be aggravated.
There are published reports of increased risk of sleep apnoea in hypogonadal subjects treated with testosterone esters, especially in those with risk factors such as obesity and chronic respiratory disease.
Improved insulin sensitivity may be observed in patients treated with androgens and may require lowering antidiabetics' dosage.
Certain clinical signs: irritability, nervousness, weight gain, prolonged or frequent erections may indicate excessive androgen exposure requiring dosage adjustment.
If the patient develops a severe application site reaction, treatment should be re-evaluated and discontinued if necessary.
With large doses of exogenous androgens, spermatogenesis may be suppressed through feedback inhibition of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) which could possibly lead to adverse effects on semen parameters including sperm count.
Gynecomastia occasionally develops and occasionally persists in patients being treated with androgens for hypogonadism.
TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g should not be used by women due to possibly virilising effects.
The attention of athletes should be drawn to the fact that this proprietary medicinal product contains an active substance (testosterone) that may produce a positive result in doping control tests.
Potential for inadvertent testosterone transfer
If no precautions are taken, testosterone gel can be transferred to other persons by close skin to skin contact at any time after dosing, resulting in increased testosterone serum levels and possibly adverse effects (e.g. growth of facial and/or body hair, deepening of the voice, irregularities of the menstrual cycle in women and premature puberty and genital enlargement in children) in the event of repeated contact (inadvertent androgenisation). If virilisation occurs, testosterone therapy should be promptly discontinued until the cause has been identified.
The physician should inform the patient carefully about the risk of testosterone transfer and about safety instructions (see below). TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g should not be prescribed in patients with a major risk of non-compliance with safety instructions (e.g. severe alcoholism, drug abuse, severe psychiatric disorders).
The potential risk of transfer is substantially reduced (but not eliminated) by wearing clothes (such as a sleeved shirt) covering the application area. The majority of residual testosterone is removed from the skin surface by washing with soap and water prior to contact.
As a result, the following precautions are recommended:
For the patient:
- wash hands with soap and water after applying the gel
- cover the application area with clothing (such as a sleeved shirt) once the gel has dried
- shower and wash the application site(s) thoroughly with soap and water to remove any testosterone residue before any situation in which close contact is foreseen
For people not being treated with TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g:
- in the event of contact with an application area that has not been washed or is not covered with clothing, wash the area of skin onto which testosterone may have been transferred as soon as possible using soap and water
- report the development of signs of excessive androgen exposure such as acne or hair modification
According to in vivo absorption studies on testosterone conducted with TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g, it seems preferable for patients to observe at least 2 hours between gel application and bathing or showering. Occasional baths or showers taken between 2 and 6 hours after application of the gel should not significantly influence the treatment outcome.
To improve partner safety, the patient should be advised, for example, to wash the area with soap for instance during a shower before sexual intercourse or, if not possible, wear clothing such as a shirt or a T-shirt covering the application site during the contact period.
Furthermore, it is recommended to wear clothing covering the application site (such as a sleeved shirt) during contact periods with children, in order to avoid the risk of contamination of children's skin.
Pregnant women must avoid any contact with TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g application sites. In case of pregnancy of a partner, the patient must pay extra attention to the precautions for use described above (also see section 4.6).
Due to changes in anticoagulant activity (increased effect of the oral anticoagulant by modification of hepatic synthesis of coagulation factor and competitive inhibition of plasma protein binding) increased monitoring of the prothrombin time and international normalized ratio (INR) are recommended. Patients receiving oral anticoagulants require close monitoring especially when androgens are started or stopped.
Concomitant administration of testosterone and ACTH or corticosteroids may increase the risk of developing oedema. As a result, these medicinal products should be administered cautiously, particularly in patients suffering from cardiac, renal or hepatic disease.
Interactions with laboratory tests: androgens may decrease levels of thyroxin binding globulin, resulting in decreased T4 serum concentrations and in increased resin uptake of T3 and T4. Free thyroid hormone levels, however, remain unchanged and there is no clinical evidence of thyroid insufficiency.
Changes in insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, glycaemic control, blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels have been reported with androgens. In diabetic patients, antidiabetics' medication might need reduction.
Application of sunscreen or lotion don't reduce efficacy.
Washing 2 hours after application doesn't have significant effect on blood testosterone levels.
TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g is intended for use by men only.
TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g is not indicated in pregnant or breast-feeding women, due to potential virilising effects of the foetus.
Pregnant women must avoid any contact with TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g application sites (see section 4.4). In the event of contact, wash with soap and water as soon as possible.
Spermatogenesis may be reversibly suppressed with TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g.
TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines.
The most frequently observed clinical adverse drug reactions observed with TESTOGEL 16.2mg/g used at the recommended dosage were psychiatric disorders and skin reactions at the application site.
The table below shows adverse reactions reported in the 182-day, double-blind period of the TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g Phase III clinical trial and more frequently in the TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g treated group (n=234) than the placebo treated group (n=40).
Table 1 Frequency of Adverse Reactions from TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g Phase III Study
MedDRA
Preferred Terms
≥ 1/100 to < 1/10
≥ 1/1000 to < 1/100
Emotional symptoms*
(mood swings, affective disorder, anger, aggression, impatience, insomnia, abnormal dreams, increased libido)
Malignant hypertension, flushing, phlebitis
Diarrhoea, abdominal distension, oral pain
Skin reactions*
(acne, alopecia, dry skin, skin lesions, contact dermatitis, hair colour changes, rash, application site hypersensitivity, application site pruritus)
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Gynaecomastia, nipple disorder, testicular pain, increased erection
Pitting oedema
PSA increased, increased haematocrit or haemoglobin
* Events grouped
Because of the alcohol contained in the product, frequent applications to the skin may cause irritation and dry skin.
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g. Because the adverse experiences are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not possible to estimate reliably their frequency or establish a definite causal relationship to drug exposure.
Table 2 Adverse Reactions from Spontaneous Reporting with TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g
Adverse Reactions - Preferred Terms
Blood and lymphatic system disorder
Polycythaemia, anaemia
Insomnia, depression, anxiety, aggression
Headache, dizziness, paraesthesia
Vasodilation (hot flushes), deep vein thrombosis
Dyspnoea
Application site reaction, acne, alopecia, sweating, hypertrichosis
Impaired urination
Gynaecomastia, testis disorder, prostate enlargement, oligospermia, benign prostate hyperplasia
Asthenia, oedema, malaise
Weight increase, elevated PSA, elevated haematocrit or haemoglobin
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of testosterone products.
Table 3 Adverse Reactions with testosterone products.
Haematocrit increased, red blood cell count increased, haemoglobin increased
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the national reporting system www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard.
Only one case of acute testosterone overdose following an injection has been reported in the literature. This was a case of a cerebrovascular accident in a patient with a high plasma testosterone concentration of 114 ng/ml (395 nmol/l). It would be most unlikely that such blood testosterone levels would be achieved using the transdermal route.
Treatment of overdose would consist of discontinuation of TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g together with appropriate symptomatic and supportive care.
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Androgens. ATC code: G03B A03.
Endogenous androgens, testosterone, secreted by the testes and its major metabolite DHT, are responsible for the development of the external and internal genital organs and for maintaining the secondary sexual characteristics (stimulating hair growth, deepening of the voice, development of the libido). Androgens have also an effect on protein anabolism, on development of skeletal muscle and body fat distribution and also reduce urinary nitrogen, sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphate and water excretion.
Testosterone reduces the pituitary secretion of gonadotropins.
The effects of testosterone in some target organs arise after peripheral conversion of testosterone to estradiol, which than binds to oestrogen receptors in the target cell nucleus e.g. the pituitary, fat, brain, bone and testicular Leydig cells.
The percutaneous absorption of testosterone after administration of TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g lies between 1% and 8.5%.
Following percutaneous absorption, testosterone diffuses into the systemic circulation and provides relatively constant concentrations during the 24 hour cycle.
Blood testosterone levels increase from the first hour after an application, reaching steady state from day two. Daily changes in testosterone levels are then of similar amplitude to those observed during the circadian rhythm of endogenous testosterone. The percutaneous route therefore avoids the blood distribution peaks produced by injections. It does not produce supra-physiological hepatic concentrations of the steroid in contrast to oral androgen therapy.
Administration of 5 g of TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g produces an average testosterone level increase of approximately 2.3 ng/ml (8.0 nmol/l) in plasma.
When treatment is stopped, testosterone levels start decreasing approximately 24 hours after the last administration. Testosterone levels return to baseline approximately 72 to 96 hours after the final administration.
The major active metabolites of testosterone are dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol.
Testosterone is excreted mostly in urine as conjugated testosterone metabolites and a small amount is excreted unchanged in the faeces.
In the phase III double blind study at the end of a 112 day treatment period, during which the dose of TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g could be titrated based on total testosterone concentrations, 81.6% (CI 75.1-87.0%) of men had total testosterone levels within the normal range for eugonadal young men (300 -1000 ng/dl). In patients on a daily TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g dose the average (±SD) daily testosterone concentration on day 112 (Cav) was 561 (±259) ng/dl, mean Cmax was 845 (±480) ng/dl and mean Cmin was 334 (±155) ng/dl. The corresponding concentrations on Day 182 (double blind period) were Cav 536 (±236) ng/dl, mean Cmax 810 (±497) ng/dl and mean Cmin 330 (±147) ng/dl.
In the phase III open label study at the end of a 264 day treatment period, during which the dose of TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g could be titrated based on total testosterone concentrations, 77 % (CI 69.8-83.2%) of men had total testosterone levels within the normal range for eugonadal young men (300 -1000 ng/dl).
In patients on a daily TESTOGEL 16.2 mg/g dose the average (±SD) daily testosterone concentration on day 266 (Cav) was 459 (±218) ng/dl, mean Cmax was 689 (±414) ng/dl and mean Cmin was 305 (±121) ng/dl. The corresponding concentrations on Day 364 (extended open-label period) were Cav 454 (±193) ng/dl, mean Cmax 698 (±382) ng/dl and mean Cmin 302 (±126) ng/dl.
Testosterone has been found to be non-mutagenic in vitro using the reverse mutation model (Ames test) or Chinese hamster ovary cells. A relationship between androgen treatment and certain cancers has been found in studies on laboratory animals. Experimental data in rats have shown increased incidences of prostate cancer after treatment with testosterone.
Sex hormones are known to facilitate the development of certain tumours induced by known carcinogenic agents. The importance of these findings and the actual risk in human beings is unknown.
The administration of exogenous testosterone has been reported to suppress spermatogenesis in the rat, dog and non-human primates, which was reversible on cessation of the treatment.
Ethanol 96%
3 years.
This medicinal product does not require any special storage conditions.
Multi-dose container (comprised of a polypropylene canister with an LDPE lined pouch) with metering pump that contains 88 g gel and delivers a minimum of 60 doses.
Pack sizes:
1 container per carton
Supplied in packs of 1, 2, 3 or 6 containers
No special requirements.
Besins Healthcare
Avenue Louise 287
PL 28397/0007
Besins Healthcare (UK) Ltd
1st Floor, 28 Poland Street, London, W1F 8QN, UK
http://www.besinshealthcare.co.uk
Medical Information Direct Line


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text:
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There exist a select few in this world who are kind souls truly blessed with the brilliance of design. One beautiful woman, both inside and out – went from reporting about the atrocities of the Balkan war to designing exquisite luxe jewellery more precious than gold itself.
Ana-Katarina Vinkler-Petrovic is the passionate designer behind her sustainable fine jewelry brand – AnaKatarina Eco Gioielli (Gioielli is Italian for jewellery). Since 2007, Ana Katarina has been creating limited edition and pràªt-à -porter collections, including bespoke and upcycled jewellery designs for her international clientele. She is becoming a global phenomenon, as Ana Katarina jewelry designs have been featured at private exhibitions in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and the United States.
As she told Eluxe: "There is a saying – 'Beauty is what beauty does.' I cannot design beautiful pieces if I am not mindful of the origins of my materials." Her base materials first involve a personal client consultation over a cup of tea–most clients have existing jewels they want redesigned into more modern pieces. Ana-Katarina then goes about sketching her vision with charcoal pencil, capturing the essence of her client's desire in every intricately-designed piece.
With regards to her own unique creations, Ana Katarina's philosophy is to use materials that respect humanity and the environment, and every piece in her collection is handcrafted and ethical: "In my work I use fossilised bone, recycled gold, and Fair Trade gems and diamonds. The Upscaled pieces are created using the materials from my clients' old pieces, of course. It is a lovely idea, as the new piece carries the memory of a past time," she said.
Vinkler-Petrovic's work is in high demand, and she travels extensively to her ateliers in Kuwait, Istanabul, and Boston, meeting with her clients who have requested bespoke creations, but to save air miles, she also communicates via Skype whenever possible. At her ateliers around the globe, Ana Katarina and her team of master jewellers–all of whom have been trained in the old world tradition of artisanal craftsmanship–bring her unique creations to life.
Some of these carry a small surprise: for me personally, one of the most stunning pieces has a beautiful faceted jewel on the front and a hidden symbolic "evil-eye" adorned on the reverse side. Clearly, Ana Katarina jewelry is inspired by the intricate patterns and philosophical concepts of the Orient, Levant and natural world, and she uses them to create an elegant tension in her designs.
As a journalist, Ana Katarina witnessed the human tragedy associated with war. Deeply affected by what she saw, she now donates a portion of the profits from her masterpieces to Women for Women International, an NGO that helps women war survivors rebuild their lives. See? The beauty of Ana Katarina's work extends far beyond her jewellery.
For more information on Ana Katarina jewelry, please visit here.


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The bereavement service is is made up of a small team of dedicated professionals, including bereavement support officers, who are committed to providing a sensitive, supportive, high quality and efficient service during what can be very difficult time.
We are here to help with the practical issues faced whilst dealing with bereavement, and to assist with the completion of medical certificates and cremation forms. We also provide an appointment booking service for you to attend the registrar's office to register a death.
Opening Hours and Contact Details
Our opening hours are 9.00am-4.00pm Monday to Friday (excluding Bank Holidays) and you can contact us during these hours.
Hull Royal Infirmary 01482 608926
Castle Hill Hospital 01482 624375
Email: hey.bereavementservices@hey.nhs.uk
Viewings are by appointment only and are restricted to next of kin and close family. Out of hours, viewings are limited and must be arranged via the ward on which the deceased passed away.
Following a death, the ward will provide you with a bereavement pack. This pack contains "A Practical Guide to Help You with Bereavement". The booklet provides practical assistance and guidance on the next steps, information on procedures, and details relevant to the site at which the death occurred. You can download an electronic copy of the booklet below, along with some other helpful booklets.
A Practical Guide to Help You with Bereavement: Hull Royal Infirmary
A Practical Guide to Help You with Bereavement: Castle Hill Hospital
Coping with Loss and Grief
Let's Talk about Death and Dying
Hull Royal Infirmary
At Hull Royal Infirmary, the Bereavement and Mortuary Services building is located at the back of the site, at the far end of Lansdowne Street. The building backs onto the train tracks.
Address: Bereavement Services, Hull Royal Infirmary, Lansdowne Street, Hull, HU3 2JZ.
Castle Hill Hospital
At Castle Hill Hospital, the Bereavement Services building is located at the back of the site, at the far end of Entrance 3.
Address: Bereavement Services, Castle Hill Hospital (Entrance 3), Castle Road, Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire, HU16 5JQ
Register a Death
Donor Cards
Information for Funeral Directors


This Realistic Human Skull Tea Light Candleholder / Catch-All Looks beautiful and straightforward. We spent a lot of time tweaking and refining it until it looked "just right" because anything less, wouldn't be perfect for your home. We take tremendous pride in our pieces and want them to look great and be durable for years of enjoyment. While we know, we could use hydro-stone or hydro-cal and make a solid piece, one drop or bump and the piece is no longer pristine and will likely have a chip or crack. We find that unacceptable and strive for better. That's why we cast ours from the finest resin.
This Realistic Human Skull Tea Light Candle Holder / Catch-All is available in an aged white finish.
The Realistic Human Skull Tea Light Candle Holder / Catch-All is 3.25" tall, 3.75" wide and 6" deep. Each piece is hand-cast and hand finished, so each one is unique.


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Lucky Blue Smith, Pyper America Host Iceberg's Event – WWD
HomeLucky Blue Smith, Pyper America Host Iceberg's Event – WWD
A FUNNY THING: "It was fun," Lucky Blue Smith, his sister Pyper America, and James Long, the creative director of Iceberg, said in chorus, talking about photographing the brand's fall ad campaign. The two siblings, who appear together in the images, flew to Milan on Saturday to attend the meet-and-greet event held at the Iceberg's shop on Via Verri.
According to the house, more than 300 young girls gathered outside the store beginning in the early afternoon. They were gifted with a white logoed T-shirt, which the models signed.
"Iceberg was famous for [David] LaChapelle, [who] shot Pamela Anderson, Paris Hilton," said Long, pointing out how it was an obvious choice to tap the Smiths. "I thought these guys are kind of like the Iceberg stars of nowadays, really," Long explained.
Sporting Iceberg's matching logoed crewneck, on him, and jogger pants, on her, the siblings giggled, saying they don't feel like they are celebrities.
"We're just these goofy kids," said Pyper America, who is planning to attend auditions and start an acting career. When asked about her idols, she mentioned Emma Stone and Reese Witherspoon.
The 19-year-old Lucky Blue, who saw the birth of his first child back in July said, "Life with her [his daughter, Gravity] is amazing, like I couldn't be happier" and revealed he's "just picking the right stuff to do" in order to spend as much time as he can with his daughter, who lives in Los Angeles.
The siblings, who also worked together in the past, added that the Iceberg team is one of the easiest they ever worked for, highlighting "they made the job so easy, with a fun and good attitude on set, it was just so nice."
Similarly, Long was enthusiastic to have them in his first big campaign for the brand because "Iceberg is a family business, so this just worked and fitted well."
Iceberg, which is based in Italy, debuted the campaign back in August. The pictures were taken by Samuel Trotter, a 19-year-old photographer, in Los Angeles near Griffith Park, Venice Beach and the L.A. River.


If you're looking to reach ago, take a page from the book of Arnold.
I've known Arnold Schwarzenegger for over 40 years and in that time I have never known a person more driven to succeed than him. Through a unique combination of drive, discipline and focus he has managed to reach a broad range of goals, both in the long term and the short.
Whether it was in winning his first bodybuilding competition, winning Mr. Olympia, becoming the highest paid actor in Hollywood or getting the chance to head the most populous state in America, Arnold has never let adversity hold him back. In fact he sees naysayers and obstacles as a challenge to which he must rise.
I believe in the importance of modeling oneself on those whose success you wish to emulate, and all things considered, Arnold isn't a bad place to start.
It's better to feel good than to look good. Yes, I said it.
Stretching isn't supposed to hurt.


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October Term
(thing) by haze Mon Oct 07 2002 at 18:01:29
By federal statute (28 U.S.C. § 2) the United States Supreme Court sits at "the seat of government" the first Monday in October, and continues until about June or July. Anyone who has spent a summer in the Washington, D.C. area can understand why, particularly before air conditioning was invented, the Court leaves town during the summer. The Court used to sit in the Capitol (from 1819 to 1935), but in 1935, the current building was completed, with the ornate Corinthian columns and "EQUAL JUSTICE UNDER LAW" motto.
When the October Term commences, two things usually happen. Neither represent a final decision on any case, but both are generally reported as "news", even though they mean very little.
First, the Court announces whether the writ of certiorari is going to be granted for pending cases. Approximately 7,000 petitions for certiorari (an order granting appellate review, which requires the lower court to "certify" a record of proceedings for review) are filed each year, and only about 100 are granted. Most are culled by the small army of law clerks working for the justices, and then at least four (4) of nine (9) justices have to vote to grant certiorari. A case has to present not only an important issue of federal state or constitutional law, but usually a fairly well developed dispute among the lower courts, the federal circuit appeals courts. Denial of certiorari does not mean approval of the circuit court's decision, but merely allows it to stand. For example, the Pledge of Allegiance Case, assuming it does not get reversed or withdrawn by the Ninth Circuit, only meets the minimum requirement for review, because it conflicts with a Seventh Circuit case on the same issue. Denial would not mean the Court agreed with the Ninth Circuit: the Court would certainly rather hear from more of the twelve circuit courts before taking up such an inflammatory issue.
The other thing which happens is that the Court begins hearing oral argument on the cases it has selected for review. The Court sits "en banc" (meaning at least six but usually all nine of the justices) hearing 30 minute arguments from each side. Arguments are open to the public, but seating is limited. Argument is frequently interrupted by questions from the justices.
Official Site:
http://www.supremecourtus.gov/about/about.html
Some History
http://supreme.lp.findlaw.com/supreme_court/supcthist.html
How to calculate the day of the week for a given date Citing a United States court of appeals case Substantive due process Newdow v. U.S. Congress
Citing a United States Supreme Court case Washington, D.C. Certiorari Corinthian
Vending machine Capitol United States Supreme Court
Plural forms of "clitoris"
H.P. Lovecraft on E2
Vasilopita


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Avengers: Endgame assembles a whopping 14 Saturn Award nominations
Credit: 20th Century Fox
Tag: Comics
The history of Deadpool's pansexuality
Tag: Deadpool
Tag: Deadpool 2
Tag: Pride Month
The Merc With the Mouth has returned with Deadpool 2, and so have the conversations surrounding his sexuality. Wade Wilson, former member of Special Forces turned mercenary turned genetic experiment, has been in romantic relationships with many different people and shown an attraction to folks of different genders.
In 2013, Gerry Duggan, Deadpool writer from 2012-15, confirmed Deadpool's attraction to "anything with a pulse" on Twitter. A couple years later in 2015, Gail Simone, who wrote the character off and on over 12 years, tweeted that she, too, "always thought of Deadpool as pansexual."
The discussion of Deadpool's sexuality prompted a fan to write an essay (no longer available online), which she sent to Deadpool creator Fabian Nicieza via Twitter. His response was unexpected, to put it mildly.
According to Nicieza, Deadpool was created to be fluid in general due to his cancerous cells, a belief Nicieza expounded on in ways that show how poorly he understands sexuality and mental illness, not to mention authorial intent. As he conflated sexuality and sex, Nicieza bemoaned the constant questions regarding Deadpool's sexuality and explained that the character vacillated between gay and straight. The irony is that, by definition, pansexual folks are attracted to people without regard for their sex or gender identity, so rather than bouncing between being gay or straight, pansexual is another discrete, valid sexual identity.
Sometimes creators don't intend their characters to be queer, but the way they're received is beyond the creators' control. Think of this as the opposite of the Lando Calrissian problem. While Solo writer Jonathan Kasdan states that Calrissian is pansexual, we never see that on screen. In this case, despite Nicieza claiming Deadpool isn't pansexual, or at least muddying the waters regarding claims to his sexuality, we do see Deadpool engage in pansexual attraction on the page. So, is that enough to declare Deadpool out and proud?
In the panel seen above, Wolverine and Deadpool embrace as a fire rages behind them. Wolverine's head tilts back and smoke escapes his mouth as his eyes fall open in what is perhaps ecstasy or shock. His arms curl around Deadpool, whose head is tilted forward, eyes closed in what could be reverie or contemplation or the final rest. The two are pinned together by Deadpool's katanas, which he has buried in Wolverine's ribcage, and Wolverine's claws, which are likewise buried in Deadpool. A handgun rattles to the ground with a clak! Blood pours from both our heroes.
Deadpool holds the only man who has ever understood the incredible weight of his abilities, the only other man who outlives everyone, the only other one who heals despite being battered time and again, the only one who is also treated like a hunting dog and sent out to dispatch the people more seemly heroes cannot be seen killing.
If Wolverine and Deadpool were any combination of a male and female pairing, we would read a loving embrace, attraction commingled with hatred—a common trope in almost any genre. A Deadpool who loves Wolverine, but must kill him for a contract. Wolverine hates Deadpool, but even in death finds himself wrapped in his embrace. It's almost like Mr. and Mr. Smith. This moment makes up the final panel, a full page spread, of Wolverine: Origins #23.
Throughout the comics, Deadpool and Wolverine have a rivalry. They're both antiheroes, but on the opposite sites of the spectrum. Deadpool is a pretty good bad dude and Wolverine is a pretty bad good guy. They have all the sexual tension of any longstanding relationship, and if they weren't hell-bent on killing each other they'd probably make a pretty cute couple. Wolverine isn't usually the first person on the list of Deadpool's many love interests, but some readers have often walked away with the impression that there's something deeper going on between the two.
Deadpool's flirtation with male heroes doesn't end with Wolverine. The Merc With a Mouth and Spider-Man have a long history of quipping and almost-kissing, and a mix of flirting and tension. Cable and Deadpool share an attraction that has manifested mostly through their individual dreams. When he accidentally hits on Thor, Deadpool almost dies of embarrassment—which may fall outside of his healing factor's capacity to recover. Outside of main canon, Deadpool fans have taken matters into their own hands and enjoyed writing storylines that show Deadpool acting on his flirtations with various heroes. (Seriously, just search [insert hero]/Wade Wilson fanfiction and you will have plenty of NSFW reading to enjoy.)
In reality, though, the only characters Deadpool has had sexual relationships with in the comics or the films have been women, or women-presenting. Shiklah, his once-wife, appears in both a busty, feminine humanoid form and her true form: a giant purple demon with gnarly teeth and glowing eyes. When Deadpool pisses her off by ignoring her and not killing people, she looms over him, all teeth and purple skin. "I know my true demon form is not pleasing to you, husband," she says. A frightened Deadpool replies, "Um… the middle one was better…" referring to her transformation process. It's an interesting moment, because the huge being in front of Deadpool is entirely naked and lacking in any breasts or genitalia (not that those are the only markers of gender).
While we're at it, let's take a moment to talk about Death, another love interest of Deadpool's. Death is a cosmic entity as old as the universe who appears in a few forms: a hooded skeleton (that sometimes has large breasts), a sexy white lady, and occasionally a dude. Death and Deadpool share an attraction that leads Thanos to become very jealous. Death can't live. Deadpool can't die. Their romance is basically West Side Story if the Sharks were omnipotent, immortal, sentient life forces and the Jets were scarred mercenaries. And Thanos isn't having any of it. It's the most deadly love triangle ever!
So, what does his attraction to Shiklah and Death say about Deadpool's sexuality? They each use she/her pronouns and are generally referred to and depicted as women, but not in every instance. Besides, why would a demon subscribe to our society's gender binary? How on earth does a cosmic entity have a gender to begin with? And, perhaps more importantly, do these depictions really tell us something about the characters, or do they tell us more about the limited imaginations of the creators when it comes to gender?
The films are another story. When it comes to romance in both Deadpool and Deadpool 2, Deadpool is focused on his relationship with Vanessa, whether actively attempting to "fix" his face so he can return to her, or trying to kill himself because he can't save her. When Vanessa is killed off before the opening credits even run, a sad repetition of the trope of fridging female characters, Deadpool turns to a journey of self-discovery while also trying to save a kid from being killed by a time-traveling cyborg. Enter Cable.
Ah, Cable. The connection between Cable and Deadpool has been the source of much speculation (and was one of the subjects of the aforementioned fan essay). When I heard Cable would be appearing in the new film, I was excited to see how the creators handled their chemistry. While there is certainly some sexual tension there, culminating in Deadpool holding Cable close and suggesting they try a certain sex act, while Cable responds by holding a knife to Deadpool's groin—for the most part (in both films), Deadpool engages in more queerbaiting than actual queer attraction.
I've argued elsewhere that it is Deadpool's relationship with Colossus that really takes center stage in Deadpool 2. There is a good deal of romance between the two, from Deadpool trying to coax Colossus to join him in battle to Colossus showing up last minute to help. What's unclear, though, is to what degree this is a shared attraction, a one-sided attraction, or just a LOL-so-hilarious gag.
In a film that shows two female heroes, Yukio and Negasonic Teenage Warhead, in an acknowledged relationship, and uses a thin metaphor for gay conversion therapy in Russell's treatment at the "Mutant Reeducation Center," it's hard to know what parts are ultimately queerbaiting and which ones really show us a Deadpool more comfortable with his attractions to men. Despite Ryan Reynolds saying he wants to see Deadpool explore love for himself, supposedly advocating for Deadpool to even have a boyfriend in a future film, it looks like we'll not see that on screen anytime soon, particularly given the credits sequence at the end of Deadpool 2.
So. Is Deadpool pansexual? Yes. Deadpool is pansexual, even if he never, ever has an on-the-page or on-screen relationship with a man. No one has to perform their sexuality for their identity to be valid. Just because the films haven't figured out how to have a fully realized pansexual Deadpool yet doesn't mean his identity is any less real. That being said, Deadpool may not be the pansexual icon we want, but maybe he's the one we deserve: a pseudo-maniacal jerk who is deadly, terrible at human interaction, funny as all get-out, and not really that concerned with what you think of him or his sexuality.