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Will Amy Coney Barrett, Whose Father Was a Shell Attorney for Decades, Recuse from Climate Suit?
By Karen Savage, The Climate Docket. Originally published on The Climate...
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Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture (GACSA)
The Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture (GACSA) was launced in 2014 by the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). GACSA describes itself as an "inclusive, voluntary and action-oriented multi-stakeholder platform on Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA)." [1]
The concept of "climate smart agriculture" was originally developed by the FAO in 2010 where it was presented for the first time at the Hague Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change. [2]
GACSA says its vision is to "improve food security, nutrition and resilience in the face of climate change." However, according to non-profit organisation GRAIN, the alliance is "the culmination of several years of efforts by the fertiliser lobby to block meaningful action on agriculture and climate change." [2], [3]
Organisations can become members of GACSA by agreeing to the group's voluntary framework document. As of August 2020, there were 465 members of the alliance, including Syngenta, Yara International, Cool Farm Alliance and the World Farmers Organization (WFO). [4], [5]
Prior to the alliance's official launch at the UN climate talks in 2014, civil society groups and farmer organisations wrote an open letter expressing concerns about GASCA. The letter, which was signed by groups including Greenpeace International, Pesticide Action Network (Asia-Pacific) and ActionAid International, said "without clear standards for adaptation and mitigation that ensure environmental integrity, the Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture could serve as a green-washing and policy-influencing platform for the planet's worst offenders." [6]
The letter also called into question the corporate alliances in GACSA, saying: "As civil society groups we often challenge the power and practices of agribusiness corporations. We do not wish our presence in the Alliance to effectively legitimise those that we criticise." [6]
Stance on Climate Change
The FAO, the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations, reportedly first coined the term "climate smart agriculture" in 2010 "as a means to attract climate finance to its agricultural programmes in Africa." The FAO supports governments to introduce climate-smart policies. It presents climate-smart agriculture as a solution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions whilst also increasing productivity. [3], [7], [8]
The FAO says its aim with climate-smart agriculture is "achieving sustainability, increasing food security and responding to climate change". The FAO "seeks to catalyze and rally action to accelerate the scaling up of climate-smart agriculture through its members' own initiatives, engagements and programs". [9]
In a document laying out its strategic vision for 2018 "and beyond", GACSA states: "The impacts of climate change are reducing the capacity of natural resources (soil, water and biodiversity) to sustain food demand of the world`s increasing population. Food security and climate change are therefore interlinked challenges that need to be addressed simultaneously. Increasing resource efficiency in agriculture and building resilience to climate risks are the key actions for undertaking these challenges. This implies a significant transformation of agriculture and food systems." GACSA goes on to state that, among its key objectives, is working with stakeholders towards "enhancing agricultural, forestry and fisheries practices and systems that sustainably increase productivity, improve resilience and adaptation and, where possible, reduce or sequester emissions." [10]
As GACSA lays out in its "Annual Forum 2017 Summary Report": "Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) aims to make agriculture part of the solution by achieving three related outcomes: (1) increasing productivity in a sustainable manner; (2) enhancing adaptation and resilience to climate change factors and (3) reducing greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions / sequestering greenhouse gases." [11]
In a guidance document for policy makers and investors on "climate-smart pest management" GACSA states that climate change is "having a significant impact on global crop yields and food security" including influencing crop pests. With better climate and pest monitoring, it says, "farmers will be able to proactively implement pest prevention practices (e.g. use of pest resistant varieties, careful selection of planting, pruning and harvesting times, push-pull techniques, etc.) in order to prevent the occurrence and/or build-up of expected pest problems." [12]
Charity Action Aid released a report in 2014 that said: "There are no meaningful criteria for what can – or cannot – be called 'Climate Smart.' Practices or corporations that are destructive to the climate, the environment, and to farmers, are free to use the term. Furthermore, there are no social safeguards to prevent so-called 'Climate Smart' activities from carrying out land grabbing, undermining farmers' livelihoods, pulling farmers into debt, or even suing them for seed saving." [13]
"Corporations such as Syngenta, Yara (the world's largest fertiliser manufacturer), McDonalds and Monsanto, which promote synthetic agrochemicals, intensive factory farming of livestock, and promote industrial scale mono-cropping are all jumping on the 'Climate Smart' bandwagon, claiming that they offer solutions to address climate change," it continues. [13]
"There is growing confusion and debate over what the term really means, what it can achieve, what is new about it, and whether it really can benefit food systems in the face of climate change," Charity Action Aid adds. [13]
A 2015 report by ETC Group and Heinrich Böll Stiftung likewise criticised the vagueness of climate smart agriculture concept. It said: [14]
"None of the promoters of CSA delineate the specific techniques involved. FAO states that CSA ;is not a new agricultural system, nor is it a set of practices.' Unfortunately, the lack of proscription is precisely the problem – allowing the concept to be co-opted by some of the world's biggest industrial contributors to climate change: If every agricultural practice and every agribusiness is 'smart' enough for GACSA, then even the most carbon-intensive, resource-wasting ones make the grade." [14]
The report also outlines how the big six agricultural companies at the time - Monsanto (now Bayer), DuPont and Dow (now Corteva), Syngenta, Bayer, and BASF - were driving the concept of climate smart agriculture. [14]
Read more: Digital and Precision Agriculture – Criticisms and Concerns
Read more: Regenerative Agriculture – Criticisms and Concerns
The Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture uses a 'Facilitation Unit' which is hosted by the FAO. Donors make financial contributions into a "multi-donor trust fund" and the Facilitation Unit supports GASCA members to implement activities and provides key services like communication, information and knowledge management, and exchange processes. [15]
GACSA has an extensive members list, which includes Governmental and Development Agencies, Inter-Governmental Groups, Non-Governmental Organizations, Farmers Organizations, Research and Academic Institutions, Private Sector, Non-profit Organizations, Civil Society Organizations and Regional Alliances. [5]
Its list of private sector members includes Syngenta. [5]
The group has 12 regional alliances: [5]
Africa CSA Alliance
Asia Pacific CSA Alliance
Central Asia CSA Alliance
East Africa CSA Alliance
International Cooperative Alliance Asia-Pacific
Latin America CSA Platform
North American Climate-Smart Agriculture Alliance (NACSAA)
Regional Alliance in Asia
Regional Alliance in Europe
Regional Sustainable Energy Centre of Excellence for Sub Saharan
Southern Africa Coalition on Climate Change (SACCC)
Southern Africa CSA alliance [5]
"GACSA – Global Alliance on Climate-Smart Agriculture," Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Archived November 10, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/NUITq
"About CSA," Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture. Archived November 10, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/DTybn
"The Exxons of Agriculture," GRAIN, September 30, 2015. Archived November 10, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/JSc6q
"Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture (GACSA) – Framework," Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture, September 2014. Archived November 10, 2020. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
"Member List," Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture. Archived November 10, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/2PMuS
"Open Letter from Civil Society On the Global Alliance For Climate-Smart Agriculture - July 2014," Climate Smart Agriculture Concerns. Archived November 10, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/OcKR4
"Policy Support – Climate-Smart Agriculture," Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Archived November 10, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/FZWz9
"RT @FAOKnowledge: Climate-smart #agriculture can sustainably increase productivity while reducing greenhouse gases. #climatechange," Tweet by user @FAOclimate, January 29, 2018. Retrieved from Twitter.com. Archived .png on file at DeSmog.
"Climate Smart Agriculture Sourcebook," Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Archived November 10, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/yYg6y
"Strategic Vision 2018 and Beyond," Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture. Archived November 10, 2020. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
"Summary Report" GACSA Annual Forum 2017," Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture. Archived November 10, 2020. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
Lucia Heeb, Emma Jenner, "Climate-Smart Pest Management – Implementation Guidance for Policymakers and Investors," Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture. Archived November 10, 2020. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
"Clever Name, Losing Game? How Climate Smart Agriculture is sowing confusion in the food movement," ActionAid, September 2014. Archived November 10, 2020. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
"Outsmarting nature? Synthetic biology and climate smart agriculture," ETC Group and Heinrich Böll Stiftung. Archived November 10, 2020. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
"FAQs," Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture. Archived November 10, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/QcMua
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Goldman Thibodeaux and the Lawtell Playboys rock the house at the Liberty Theater in Eunice, Louisiana.
Musical surprises are a hallmark of Rendez-vous des Cajuns on the Saturday before Mardi Gras.
It's carnival time in Louisiana! Time for fun and foolishness in New Orleans' French Quarter. It's time for parades through city streets and beads flying off floats into the waiting hands of shouting children of all ages. "Throw me somethin', mister!" That's what Mardi Gras is all about, right?
Not in Louisiana's Cajun country, where Mardi Gras (happening in 2012 on Tuesday, February 21) means a whole different way to celebrate.
On the prairies of southwest Louisiana and at the Prairie Acadian Cultural Center, Mardi Gras means Courir du Mardi Gras, the Mardi Gras run, with masked riders on horseback, homeowners rewarding musicians with onions and chickens, and a big pot of gumbo at the end of the day.
Early on Mardi Gras morning, people in rural areas don homemade costumes, masks, and tall hats based on old French capuchons. They mount horses, climb into wagons, and follow their capitaine from house to house, where the capitaine asks the homeowner's permission to visit. If entry is granted, revelers charge the house, singing and dancing and begging for gumbo ingredients. Riders collect flour, rice, vegetables, and the occasional live chicken as they make their rounds. The day ends in town with music, revelry, and gumbo for all.
Folks do things a little differently here, and the Prairie Acadian Cultural Center in Eunice, Louisiana reflects this rich and colorful way of life. Exhibits and programs share the story of Canadian French exiles — Acadians — who made their way to Louisiana after their expulsion from English Canada beginning in 1755. As the Acadians became Cajuns, they adapted to their new land and their new neighbors in a great cultural exchange.
Today's Cajuns are known for their own dialect of French, their distinctive food and music, and their heartfelt hospitality. The Prairie Acadian Cultural Center does the tradition proud with free Saturday afternoon demonstrations of the best of local culture: crafts, cooking, and a chance to dance to a Cajun band. Volunteers might even step in to teach you the proper way to two-step or waltz!
Every Saturday evening at 6 pm, the Liberty Theater next to the Prairie Acadian Cultural Center teams up with the park to present Rendez-vous des Cajuns, a live Cajun and zydeco music show. Locally known as "the Cajun Grand Ole Opry," the show is the centerpiece entertainment of the restored 1920s theater, originally billed as "Southwest Louisiana's Premier Temple of Amusement." Rendez-vous features stories and jokes (often told in Cajun French – other patrons will happily translate the punchlines), the unforgettable music of south Louisiana, and a dance floor for those who want to do more than just tap their toes.
Whether it's Mardi Gras or just any Louisiana Saturday night, the Prairie Acadian Cultural Center is a great place to share a good time. The center, northwest of Lafayette off Interstate 10, is one of six sites managed as part of Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve. Admission and most programs are free throughout the park.


The original Indian plate survives as peninsular India, the oldest and geologically most stable part of India. It extends as far north as the Satpura and Vindhya ranges in central India. These parallel chains run from the Arabian Sea coast in Gujarat in the west to the coal-rich Chota Nagpur Plateau in Jharkhand in the east. To the south, the remaining peninsular landmass, the Deccan Plateau, is flanked on the west and east by coastal ranges known as the Western and Eastern Ghats; the plateau contains the country's oldest rock formations, some over one billion years old. Constituted in such fashion, India lies to the north of the equator between 6° 44' and 35° 30' north latitude[g] and 68° 7' and 97° 25' east longitude.
Fishermen on the Chinese fishing nets of Cochin. Fisheries in India is a major industry in its coastal states, employing over 14 million people. The annual catch doubled between 1990 and 2010.
Power Loom used inside a house in a village near Salem, Tamil Nadu. The Power loom accounts for more than 60% of textile production in India.
Despite economic growth during recent decades, India continues to face socio-economic challenges. In 2006, India contained the largest number of people living below the World Bank's international poverty line of US$1.25 per day, the proportion having decreased from 60% in 1981 to 42% in 2005; under its later revised poverty line, it was 21% in 2011.[h] 30.7% of India's children under the age of five are underweight. According to a Food and Agriculture Organization report in 2015, 15% of the population is undernourished. The Mid-Day Meal Scheme attempts to lower these rates.
The 2011 census reported that the religion in India with the largest number of followers was Hinduism (79.80% of the population), followed by Islam (14.23%); the remaining were Christianity (2.30%), Sikhism (1.72%), Buddhism (0.70%), Jainism (0.36%) and others[c] (0.9%). India has the world's largest Hindu, Sikh, Jain, Zoroastrian, and Bahá'í populations, and has the third-largest Muslim population—the largest for a non-Muslim majority country.
The Awadhi Hindi poet Tulsidas composed the Ramcharitmanas, which is one of the best-known vernacular versions of the Ramayana.
Indian cuisine encompasses a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines, often depending on a particular state (such as Maharashtrian cuisine). Staple foods of Indian cuisine include pearl millet (ISO: bājra), rice, whole-wheat flour (aṭṭa), and a variety of lentils, such as masoor (most often red lentils), toor (pigeon peas), urad (black gram), and mong (mung beans). Lentils may be used whole, dehusked—for example, dhuli moong or dhuli urad—or split. Split lentils, or dal, are used extensively. The spice trade between India and Europe is often cited by historians as the primary catalyst for Europe's Age of Discovery.
A Christian wedding in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. Christianity is believed to have been introduced to India by the late 2nd century by Syriac-speaking Christians.
^ "[...] Jana Gana Mana is the National Anthem of India, subject to such alterations in the words as the Government may authorise as occasion arises; and the song Vande Mataram, which has played a historic part in the struggle for Indian freedom, shall be honoured equally with Jana Gana Mana and shall have equal status with it." (Constituent Assembly of India 1950).
^ Hindi in the Devanagari script is the official language of the Union. English is an additional official language for government work alongside Hindi. States and union territories can have a different official language of their own other than Hindi or English.
^ "The country's exact size is subject to debate because some borders are disputed. The Indian government lists the total area as 3,287,260 km2 (1,269,220 sq mi) and the total land area as 3,060,500 km2 (1,181,700 sq mi); the United Nations lists the total area as 3,287,263 km2 (1,269,219 sq mi) and total land area as 2,973,190 km2 (1,147,960 sq mi)." (Library of Congress 2004).
^ In 2015, the World Bank raised its international poverty line to $1.90 per day.
^ a b Barrow, Ian J. (2003). "From Hindustan to India: Naming change in changing names". South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. 26 (1): 37–49. doi:10.1080/085640032000063977.


West Los Angeles College (also called West L.A. College or WLAC) is a two-year, public community college in the western Baldwin Hills, adjacent to Culver City in Los Angeles County, California. The college uses a Culver City address.
WLAC is a part of the California Community Colleges System, in the Los Angeles Community College District (LACCD). It is fully accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges of the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. The school offers Associate's degrees, and 18 vocational-oriented programs in addition to 25 transfer programs. The college awards more than 600 degrees and certificates annually in 39 fields.
Beginning in the fall of 2016, WLAC became one of only 15 community colleges in the State of California approved to offer a bachelor's degree. The bachelor's degree given at WLAC is in Dental Hygiene.
The Wildcats are members of the Western State Conference, the largest community college conference in the state of California. The teams were previously known as the "Hustling Oilers." WLAC fields teams in 10 intercollegiate sports, with five men's teams and five women's teams.
The college athletic fields hosted Olympic events (the hammer throw, and track and field events) at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games.
R.F. Georgy,(born 1964). Egyptian American Author of such books as Notes from the Cafe and Absolution.
^ California, State of. "California Community Colleges Chancellor's Office - Data Mart". datamart.cccco.edu. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
^ "City Map" (Archive). City of Culver City. Retrieved on June 28, 2015.
^ "Athletics Home: West Los Angeles College". www.wlac.edu. Retrieved 2015-07-25.


text:
Prevention of exertional lower body musculoskeletal injury in tactical populations: protocol for a systematic review and planned meta-analysis of prospective studies from 1955 to 2018
Shawn D. Flanagan1Email authorView ORCID ID profile,
Aaron M. Sinnott1,
Kellen T. Krajewski1,
Caleb D. Johnson1,
Shawn R. Eagle1,
Alice D. LaGoy1,
Meaghan E. Beckner1,
Anne Z. Beethe1,
Rose Turner2,
Mita Lovalekar1,
Courtenay Dunn-Lewis1, 3,
Chris Connaboy1 and
Bradley C. Nindl1
Received: 15 December 2017
Accepted: 13 April 2018
Published: 5 May 2018
Exertional lower body musculoskeletal injuries (ELBI) cost billions of dollars and compromise the readiness and job performance of military service and public safety workers (i.e., tactical populations). The prevalence and burden of such injuries underscores the importance of prevention efforts during activities necessary to sustain core occupational competencies. Attempts to synthesize prevention techniques specific to tactical populations have provided limited insight on the comparative efficacy of interventions that do not modify physical training practices. There is also a need to assess the influence of sex, exposure, injury classification scheme, and study design. Thus, the primary purpose of the systematic review and planned meta-analysis detailed in this protocol is to evaluate the comparative efficacy of ELBI prevention strategies in tactical populations.
A systematic search strategy will be implemented in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and CINAHL. A multi-tiered process will be used to capture randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies that directly assess the prevention of ELBI in tactical population(s). Extracted data will be used to compare prevention strategies and assess the influence of heterogeneity related to occupation, sex, exposure, injury characteristics, and study quality. In addition, individual risk of bias, meta-bias, and the quality of the body of evidence will be rigorously tested.
This systematic review and planned meta-analysis will comprehensively evaluate ELBI mitigation strategies in tactical populations, elucidate factors that influence responses to treatment, and assess the overall quality of the body of research. Results of this work will guide the prioritization of ELBI prevention strategies and direct future research efforts, with direct relevance to tactical, health and rehabilitation science, and human performance optimization stakeholders.
The systematic review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 3 Jan 2018 (registration number CRD42018081799).
Overuse
The prevention of musculoskeletal injury (MSI) is central to efforts to improve the readiness, performance, and long-term health of tactical populations (i.e., military, police, firefighters, and emergency medical services (EMS)) [1–4]. In the US military, MSI is responsible for nearly 75% of limited duty cases and costs billions of dollars annually [5–9]. Physical exertion associated with training, occupational tasks, and recreation is the primary cause of acute hospitalization [10, 11], and 40% of such injuries occur in the lower body. The incidence of ELBI is similarly pronounced in police, firefighters, and EMS [12–16]. The burden of ELBI in tactical populations underscores the importance of injury prevention.
Reviews on ELBI prevention typically delimit injury assessment to a specific anatomic structure (e.g., groin, knee, ankle) [17–24] or classification (e.g., stress fractures, osteoarthritis, strains, sprains) [17, 20, 25–29]. The systemic effects of most interventions (e.g., additional or modified physical activity, educational programs, footwear modification) and integrative nature of structures within the lower kinetic chain justify a more generalized analysis of interventions and ELBI outcomes [30]. Additionally, a collective approach to the comparison of ELBI prevention strategies may improve translation to relevant stakeholders.
Despite growing evidence to support prevention strategies specific to tactical populations [8, 9, 31–38], current practices largely reflect information obtained from high school and college athletes [18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 39–43]. Most reviews emphasize subpopulations such as American football [27, 28, 41], soccer [19, 40, 44], or basketball [18, 20, 23, 24]. While relevant, the demands placed on tactical populations differ profoundly from athletics in terms of occupational tasks, exposure patterns, and underlying behavioral and environmental factors. In contrast to tactical populations for example, athletic physical exertion is generally defined, planned, and conducted in relatively well-controlled environments with predictable recovery periods.
A recent systematic review of military ELBI prevention identified six overarching strategies: (1) conditioning, (2) footwear modifications, (3) bracing, (4) physical activity volume, (5) physical fitness, and (6) leadership/supervision/awareness [30]. The majority of studies (26/43) sought to improve physical conditioning, but sex-specific responses were evident [30]. Less than half (19/44) of the interventions were specific to the military, and none examined public safety workers. A more comprehensive search strategy would likely improve the breadth of literature capture, especially in the case of novel or unusual interventions and less frequently studied tactical populations [45]. Furthermore, the stratification of aggregated data would improve analytic power and allow for normalized comparisons based on sex, exposure level, and injury classification [46].
In this systematic review and planned meta-analysis, we will identify and evaluate the collective prospective evidence on ELBI prevention in to tactical populations. The comparative efficacy of prevention strategies will be examined for ELBI overall, with additional sub-analyses of participant-, exposure-, and injury-specific responses determined by the extant literature base. The meta-analysis will use internationally recognized standards to assess individual and overall risk of bias, in addition to the quality of the body of evidence. Aggregate- and group-level data will be used to quantify the influence of study, participant, and injury characteristics. The findings of this review are intended to establish efficacy and support the prioritization of ELBI prevention strategies.
1.1 Objectives
The primary objective of this systematic review and planned meta-analysis is to evaluate interventions and prospective observations for the prevention of ELBI in tactical populations. The proposed systematic review will address the following topics:
Comparative efficacy of intervention strategies to reduce ELBI in tactical populations.
Moderating influence of participant, study, and injury characteristics
2 Methods
Studies will be selected based on the following criteria for design, participants, interventions, comparators, outcomes, and other study traits.
2.1.1 Study designs
To evaluate the comparative preventive efficacy of interventions for ELBI, controlled trials and prospective observational studies will be included. Acceptable study designs include parallel (between-group), cross-over (within-group), cluster, factorial trials, and non-randomized trials or prospective observational studies with direct between-group comparisons. Single-arm studies without direct comparisons will be excluded (e.g., benchmarking, simulated comparisons). Retrospective studies, cross-sectional studies, case reports and series, ideas, opinions, editorials, animal research, and in vitro research will be excluded.
2.1.2 Participants
Studies on adults aged 18 years or older will be included. Participants must be active military service members or public safety workers (including police, firefighters, and EMS). International military members that meet the national age requirement will be included. Studies of the target populations after retirement will be excluded.
2.1.3 Interventions
Qualifying studies will have the primary aim of preventing or mitigating ELBI in non-injured tactical population(s). Interventions targeting overall MSI risk will be included when lower body injury outcomes are presented or made available upon request. Non-specific behavioral, educational, or policy interventions will be included. Examples include new conditioning practices; modification or elimination of detrimental behaviors; education programs; policies that mandate, restrict, or otherwise influence occupational tasks; and external devices that prevent ELBI by providing protection or information.
Terminology to define injury is provided by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9-M) [47, 48] and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) [1]. Qualifying injuries will include fractures, derangements, dislocations, sprains, strains, and other injuries or disorders of the muscles, nerves, tendons, joints, or cartilage of the lower limbs. Such injuries must be caused, precipitated, or exacerbated by sudden or prolonged exertion involving movement repetition, force, vibration, or adverse biomechanics. Injuries resulting from falls, motor vehicle accidents, violence, and war will be excluded.
2.1.4 Comparators
Controls will include participants who receive placebo or "standard of care" treatment. The anticipated standard of care includes normal physical training activities without significant modification. Several potential comparators are relevant to the prevention of ELBI. Prominent examples are listed below but others will be considered on a case-by-case basis depending on the literature base.
Modification or elimination of practices that cause injury versus maintenance
High dose of intervention versus lower dose(s) of intervention
Interventions that influence conduct or access to activities associated with injury
Non-specific or multi-faceted behavioral, educational, or policy interventions versus no intervention or similar intervention(s) at a reduced dose
2.1.5 Outcomes
Outcomes and their definitions will be collected as reported in individual studies. Binary injury incidence data will be extracted to represent ELBI outcomes. Anticipated outcome measures include incidence, odds ratios, risk ratios, hazard ratios, and likelihood ratios. Outcomes may be derived from self-report, medical records, behavioral performance, medical imaging, physiological measurements, and biological specimens. Studies that do not report injury incidence will be excluded. Outcome measurements specific to ELBI will be extracted. Composite and upper body MSI will not be included, and studies that do not report or provide lower body-specific data will be excluded. If ELBI is subdivided by structure, tissue, category, or other factors, all levels of data will be extracted and pooled depending on injury classification.
2.1.6 Timing
Studies with a minimum surveillance period of 3 months will be prioritized. Due to many studies being conducted with recruits during basic training, to account for branches with shorter training periods [49, 50], studies with surveillance durations of at least 2 months will be considered if otherwise acceptable and of sufficient quality as determined by the review team.
2.1.7 Setting
Study setting is unrestricted.
2.1.8 Language
Included articles will be reported in English. When applicable, studies involving predominantly non-English speaking populations will be included.
2.1.9 Other review eligibility criteria
Study inclusion will not be restricted by geographic region. Inclusion will be limited to original research articles published in peer-reviewed journals. Abstracts, unpublished data, commentaries, letters, and conference proceedings will be screened. Data from 1955 to 2018 will be evaluated for systematic variation of effect estimates associated with publication age and normalized or sub-grouped as necessary.
2.2 Information sources
MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and CINAHL electronic databases will be searched. We will also search the reference lists of included publications, relevant reviews, and gray literature. Article listings in the top five journals of included studies will be searched from 2018 to 2003. The final reference list will be circulated among the review team and external experts identified by the team. The search strategy will meet IOM Standards for Systematic Reviews [51] and guidelines set forth in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.
2.3 Search strategy
The search strategy will use medical subject headings (MeSH) and text words that identify the target populations, injuries and structures, exposures and practices, and analysis features relevant to injury prediction. Searches will be limited to original human research articles published in peer-reviewed journals in English. Searches will not be limited by publication year or study design. The MEDLINE search strategy will be developed by a health sciences Librarian with expertise in systematic review searches (RT) in collaboration with the project team and reviewed by an additional Librarian (see Additional file 1 for search strategy). The MEDLINE search strategy will be adapted for use with EMBASE, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases. The electronic database search will be updated and re-run before the final analysis to capture new studies and confirm retrieval of a high proportion of eligible studies. PROSPERO will be searched for ongoing and completed reviews at the beginning and end of the review process. Recently completed systematic reviews will be searched for new articles.
2.4 Study records
2.4.1 Data management
Citation abstracts and full-text articles captured during the literature search will be uploaded into Distiller Systematic Review (DSR) software for screening. Before DSR upload, duplicate search results will be removed using Endnote reference management software. When multiple reports on a study are identified, the study team will assess the consistency of reported study design, sample size, outcome(s), and statistical test(s). All relevant original information will be extracted and collated. In the event of multiple versions, the initial version will be retained. The inclusion and exclusion criteria will be developed into a series of forms for article screening (see Additional file 2 for screening forms). The forms will be tested and refined before formal screening. New members of the team will be trained on the content area and DSR software before participation.
2.4.2 Selection process
Titles of studies retrieved from the search will be independently screened by two reviewers for relevance to the prediction of ELBI. Reviewers will be blind to study author(s), journal title, and institution. For level 2 screening, abstracts will be reviewed for requisite study outcomes. Level 3 screening will confirm the eligibility of the participant population. Following the completion of level three screening, a quality control check will be conducted on all relevant articles by senior review team members (MB, KK, AL, AS) before the commencement of full-text screening. After the quality control check, if the inclusion criteria are met or inconclusive, the full text will be obtained for level four screening. Any article marked for removal will require agreement from three independent senior review members. When questions about study eligibility persist, study authors will be contacted for additional information. If the study author does not respond to contact for additional information or the response is deemed inadequate, the study will be screened and reason(s) noted. Disagreements about inclusion will be resolved through discussion or final review by a third author. Reason(s) for exclusion will be recorded and reported. Inter-rater agreement will be analyzed after the completion of three selection process procedures: (1) initial assessment test, (2) refinement, and (3) formal screening process.
2.4.3 Data collection process
Data will be extracted in duplicate by two independent reviewers using standardized forms in DSR. To improve consistency, data extraction forms will be pre-piloted in conjunction with the selection forms (see Additional file 3 for data extraction forms). Disagreements will be resolved by a third reviewer (SF, CC, CD, or ML). When data from primary studies are not presented in a usable format, the study authors will be contacted and asked to provide the missing data. We will attempt to contact primary authors up to three times by email or phone. The original study authors will also be contacted to confirm the accuracy of the final extracted data and resolve remaining uncertainties. In the event of uncertainty or missing data failure to respond, comply, or follow-up will result in study exclusion. When multiple reports of a single study are identified non-duplicated information will be collated. Otherwise, data from the initial report will be included with the exclusion of duplicates noted.
2.5 Data items
Extracted data will include study characteristics (study setting and design, sample size, duration of follow-up, type of control, methods, intervention type, measurement techniques, time points, indicators of acceptability, side effects), participant and exposure characteristics (occupation, duration of participation, demographic, anthropometric, biological, workload, history, fitness), injury characteristics (injury definition, reporting method, location, and subtype,), author interpretation(s) of findings, suggested mechanisms of action, potential confounds, information for the assessment of risk of bias, and information consistent with the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) [52].
Outcomes specific to anatomic locations (e.g., knee), structures (e.g., anterior cruciate ligament), and disorders (e.g., sprain) will be collected for further analysis or aggregation. In the health and rehabilitation science literature, MSI is often classified as non-traumatic (overuse) or traumatic (acute). If descriptions are consistent across studies, injuries will be sub-typed accordingly. For cross-over trials, data from the first baseline period will be extracted. Measures of central tendency and variability will be extracted from figures when necessary using plot digitization software. If effect sizes cannot be calculated, study authors will be contacted for additional information.
2.6 Outcomes and prioritization
2.6.1 Primary outcome
The primary outcome is ELBI incidence. Risk ratios will be calculated from the total number of participants at each measurement time point.
2.6.2 Secondary outcomes
Limited duty days prevented by the intervention
Measures of acceptability, efficacy, and tolerability
Attrition for any reason: a measure of overall treatment acceptability
Attrition due to inefficacy of treatment: a global measure of efficacy
Attrition due to adverse events: a global measure of tolerability
Number of participants who experienced one or more side effect
2.7 Risk of bias
Two blinded reviewers will independently assess risk of bias for each included study. Disagreement between the reviewers will be resolved after discussion or final decision by a third reviewer (SF, CC, CD, or ML). To assess the risk of study bias and overall study quality, the following factors will be considered: sample definition and representation, adequate randomization, adequate allocation concealment, blinding, completeness of outcome data, and selective outcome reporting. For each domain, descriptions provided in the study will be collected as reported and scored using the risk of bias (RoB 2.0) for randomized controlled trials and the Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (RoBINS-I) for prospective cohort studies [53]. When insufficient information is provided, the original study author(s) will be contacted for clarification. The risk of bias will be summarized graphically across studies. The synthesis will include a subgroup analysis to examine the influence of study quality on the overall findings of the review. Low-quality studies may be excluded from the final analysis.
2.8 Data synthesis
Under the assumption of sufficient homogeneity, quantitative analysis of aggregate participant data will be conducted. The planned analytical approach will include a narrative synthesis of the findings from the included studies, structured around prevention interventions and participant, exposure, and study characteristics. If a study incorporates more than two relevant treatment groups, information from each group will be summarized with further analysis of combined data as appropriate (e.g., two levels of a treatment class combined for comparison against another treatment class). Original study authors will be contacted when there are missing data. Binary ELBI outcomes will be expressed as estimates of relative risk using risk ratios (lnRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
The results of included studies will be pooled and analyzed using stratified random effects meta-analysis (RevMAN v5.3, The Cochrane Collaboration) [54, 55]. Subgroup and meta-regression (Stata, StataCorp) analyses will be used to determine whether treatment estimates are influenced by potential effect modifiers such as study characteristics and participant characteristics (see "Subgroup Analysis" section below). Statistical heterogeneity will be determined with chi-square (χ2) and I2 (0–100%) statistics, with χ2 p > 0.10 and I2 > 50% indicative of substantial heterogeneity [56]. Between-study variance (τ2) will be assessed in relation to effect size estimates. In the event of substantial heterogeneity [57], sensitivity analysis will be conducted as indicated by subgroup comparisons, RoB 2.0, and ROBINS-I checklists.
The presentation of results will be ordered by objective. Important comparisons and subgroup analyses will be presented based on the availability of data. Results will be presented in narrative text, tables, and figures. Depending on the results of sensitivity and subgroup analyses, studies with a high risk of bias may be excluded from the final meta-analysis.
2.8.1 Subgroup analysis
If the necessary data are available, subgroup analyses will be used to investigate sources of between-study heterogeneity and the robustness of the meta-analysis. Comparisons will be considered on a case-by-case basis depending on the literature base with the maximal feasible amount of data extracted for the following factors:
Participant characteristics (e.g., sex, age, occupation)
Injury location, structure, class (e.g., knee, patellar tendon, tendinopathy)
Injury subtype (acute vs. non-traumatic)
Intervention type (e.g., educational program vs. targeted training)
Surveillance period (e.g., 3 months vs. 1 year)
Study-specific factors
Study design (e.g., randomized vs. non-randomized)
Overall study quality
Risk of bias (e.g., all studies versus low bias studies only)
Publication age
2.9 Meta-bias
The possibility of publication and outcome reporting bias will be explored with funnel plots and the RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I checklists. Small sample bias will be assessed by comparing fixed effects estimates with random effects models. Furthermore, continuous and dichotomous risk factors will be compared in RevMan and presented as interpretable rates (e.g., odds/risk/hazard ratio). Results may be used to re-weigh studies or for subgroup analysis. The analysis and reporting techniques used in this review will comply with guidelines provided by the Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) [58]. For information on compliance with PRIMSA-P review guidelines, see Additional file 4.
2.10 Confidence in cumulative estimate
The overall quality of the body of evidence will be determined with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach [59]. Studies excluded from the meta-analysis will be excluded from the GRADE assessment. GRADE results will be used to inform conclusions on the overall strength of predictors of ELBI in military and public safety populations.
Exertional lower body musculoskeletal injuries negatively impact the health, performance, and readiness of military and public safety populations. There is a need to quantitatively synthesize and evaluate the comparative efficacy of strategies to prevent such injuries. In addition to a comprehensive search strategy, this systematic review and planned meta-analysis adds to the extant literature base in its use of rigorous multi-level screening processes and quantitative consideration of study bias, age, and quality. Prevention strategies with higher overall efficacy will be identified, with further analysis to examine the influence of participant-, injury-, and study-specific characteristics. The results of this review will provide a robust and comprehensive resource to guide the prioritization of ELBI prevention strategies and direct future research efforts.
AMSTAR-2:
Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews
CINAHL:
Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature
DSR:
Distiller Systematic Review
ELBI:
Exertional lower body injury
EMBASE:
Excerpta Medica Database
Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation
ICD:
International Classification of Diseases
IOM:
Institute of Medicine
MEDLINE:
US National Library of Medicine bibliographic database
MeSH:
MSI:
Musculoskeletal injury
NIOSH:
PROSPERO:
International prospective register of systematic reviews
RoB-2.0:
Revised tool for risk of bias in randomized trials
Risk of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies - of Interventions
TIDieR:
Template for Intervention Description and Replication
The authors thank Camille Johnson, Alexis Faunce, Brandon Sciavolino, Madeline Wells, Audrey Bentley, Sadhana Sridhar, Megan Magarity, and Daniel Biery for their assistance in level 1–3 screening and providing critical feedback for the development and refinement of the screening and extraction forms.
The Neuromuscular Research Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh sponsors and retains full control of the data. The authors maintain sole responsibility for protocol development, review conduct, data analysis and interpretation, and dissemination. No funding has been received for this study.
If the protocol is amended, the date, description, and rationale of change(s) will be provided in this section. Changes will not be incorporated into the protocol. SF will be responsible for the approval, documentation, and implementation of amendment(s).
SF is the guarantor of the study. SF, CC, CD, KK, AS, CJ, AB, SE, MB, AL, and BN drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed to the development of the selection criteria, bias assessment strategy, and data extraction criteria. RT developed the search strategy. ML provided statistical expertise. CC and BN provided expertise on lower body injury in tactical populations. All authors read, provided feedback, and approved the final manuscript.
Additional file 1: MEDLINE search strategy—terms and connectors for literature search. (PDF 25 kb)
Additional file 2: Screening form—questions and notes for each level of screening. (PDF 136 kb)
Additional file 3: Data extraction form—topics for data extraction, synthesis, and quality assessment. (PDF 113 kb)
Additional file 4: PRIMSA-P form—populated PRISMA-P checklist systematic review protocol. (PDF 290 kb)
Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Health Sciences Library System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Department of Health and Physical Activity, School of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Have your say: Have your say on our plan to improve cyclist and pedestrian safety and open a new viewing platform for visitors to this stretch of the Yarra River.
A new ramp will connect to the Collins Bridge, then follow the existing Main Yarra Trail down the riverbank towards the Collingwood Children's Farm, Yarra Bend Park, over the Chandler Bridge and on to Merri Creek Trail.
Richmond state Labor MP Richard Wynne will today unveil plans for the $4.1 million project, which will offer a new entry point to the renowned trail.
"The Main Yarra Trail is one of Victoria's best spots for cycling, walking and enjoying the great outdoors. Access has long been a problem from Abbotsford, but we're fixing that," Mr Wynne said.
A set of stairs connecting Abbotsford's streetline with the Main Yarra Trail will finally be replaced by a shared pathway.
The upgrade will create a new wider entrance to the Chandler Bridge with a connection to the ramp, improving traffic flow, boosting safety and separating inbound bridge traffic from northbound ramp traffic.
Bicycle Network chief executive Craig Richards backed the new design. "The new ramp and bridge connection will create a safer shared space for cyclists and pedestrians and remove the longstanding user obstacle off those notorious Gipps St steps," Mr Richards said.
Photo from YarraBUG's Gipps Street Steps Campaign held March 20th, 2005 during Bike Path Discovery Day.
Yesterday, their transport strategies received a vote of confidence when the State Government announced a $72 million boost in funding for bike paths. The money is to be spent over 10 years, and will be used to upgrade on-road bike lanes and off-road bike trails to make them safer for commuters and families and establish more direct routes around Melbourne. The funding boost was announced on the Capital City Trail in Abbotsford, where a much-loathed set of steps is to be replaced by a ramp.


What the heck! Where did it go?
This is one of my very favorite pictures from the summer. You know where it was taken right?
You guessed it, the Giant Slide at the Minnesota State Fair!
I had to sneak in a picture of Minnesota State Fair food. Remember the S'mores beer? Look at me-beer, walleye cakes, guidebook and map in hand-holy moly that's a happy camper!
I love Minnesota. I grew up here, live for the Minnesota State Fair and genuinely love all things Minnesota. Before the Minnesota State Fair this year I was looking for some matching family shirts. Yes, we wear matching family shirts and it's awesome. We have matching family jammies, shirts with our last name and my husband doesn't want you to know but I've even bought our family matching superhero outfits. This year I wanted matching Minnesota shirts. Not as easy as you might think friends, and then I found the MPLS/STP Clothing Co web page. I called Paperhat in Minneapolis and checked to see if they had sizes for our whole family and when they did, I got in my minivan and drove right over (yes, I drove to Minneapolis).
Our whole family loved the Paul and Babe shirts. I also found a super cute Minnesota'N shirt that I had to have too. I even wore that on Twin Cities Live during the fair because I loved it so much!
I totally love the colors, styles and fit of these shirts and what an awesome matching family shirt! But here's the really cool part: they make community-inspired & socially conscious Minnesota t-shirts. Their shirts are about what we love best-Minnesota and our community! Their shirts are designed by a local Minnesota artist and printed in St. Paul! With every t-shirt you buy, they donate a portion to their non-profit partner, Minnesota Computers for Schools, a Minnesota-based non-profit that provides technology access for lifelong learning. The organization trains Stillwater Correctional Facility inmates to refurbish computers donated by local businesses and then the computers are shipped to K-12 schools across the state!
I was so excited that Clint from MPLS/STP Clothing agreed to give my readers a chance to win two shirts for my Birthday giveaway! Follow the Rafflecopter instructions for a chance to win and for a blog comment tell me your favorite birthday memory.
Have you read my Why Birthdays Matter post? Check it out and enter to win some of my favorite Minnesota products and services!
Go give MPLS/STP Clothing Co. some love on social media too!
First November birthdays are awesome! (I have one later this month.) My favorite birthday memory is going to the Mall of America with my parents the year it opened and eating at one of the cool restaurants (that I think is no longer there, lol) and visiting Camp Snoopy. It was a big deal to an 11 year old!
I love that Beth! I remember going to the Mall of America for the first time! I was a mall-loving teen and it was amazing!! How cool to be able to celebrate your birthday there!
Love this giveaway, and love birthdays, so vert much! I don't know what y favorite memory is? I love filling up with my favorite people — Jason and the kids and friends — and food — Thai and chocolate cake. So I'm easy to please!
Thanks so much, Galit! Family, friends and chocolate cake sounds like a perfect way to celebrate! I love the idea of birthday traditions and special days with our children-yes that my friend, is the very best stuff!
My favorite birthday memory is shopping for presents with my Aunt. She bought me whatever I wanted — stuff from express or guess jeans!
Yes! Guess Jeans-you're taking me back!
My favorite birthday memory was going to chuck e cheese as a child.
We recently went to Chuck E Cheese! Wow, what a place! Thanks so much for sharing, Christina!
One of my best birthdays was my 13th. My parents surprised me with a short trip to Chicago to sightsee and specifically to visit the flagship American Girl store (way before the Map of America got one). It was amazing and my first trip to a big city outside of MN!


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US jury acquits Orlando nightclub shooter's widow
AFP Mar 30, 2018
The widow of the man who shot dead 49 people at a nightclub in Orlando nearly two years ago was acquitted on Friday in US federal court of aiding and abetting her husband.
Orlando buries its dead in wake of Pluse nightclub massacre
AFP Jun 18, 2016
MIAMI, UNITED STATES: Orlando turned to burying its dead Friday, with funerals for at least five of the 49 people killed in a massacre at a gay nightclub – the deadliest mass shooting in US history.
US investigators question wife of gunman in Orlando massacre
Reuters Jun 16, 2016
ORLANDO, FLA./WASHINGTON: US investigators have questioned the wife of the gunman who killed 49 people at a gay nightclub in Orlando, the FBI said on Wednesday, and a law enforcement source said she could face criminal charges if there is evidence of any wrongdoing.
Orlando shooter's wife Noor Salman 'may face charges'
ORLANDO, FLA./WASHINGTON: The wife of the gunman who killed 49 people at an Orlando gay nightclub knew of his plans for the attack and could soon be charged in connection with the deadliest mass shooting in modern US history, a law enforcement source said on Tuesday.
SHC orders Sindh govt to grant promotions to lecturers within 20 days


Text and symbols are laid out horizontally, whereas the arrows can be oriented in any direction in the plane. (Although symbols also include some arrows in specific orientations, they cannot be oriented arbitrarily.) For 3-dimensional arrows, see BILD format.
2D label information is saved in sessions. 2D labels can also be saved (collectively) to a separate label file with the write keyword or imported from such a file with read. These keywords cannot be truncated.
2D labels created with the 2D Labels graphical interface are assigned names label2d_id_0, label2d_id_1, label2d_id_2, etc. in order of creation, allowing their subsequent modification with the 2dlabels command.
The action keyword cannot be truncated. Argument keywords (given below) can be truncated, and their case is not important. Default values are indicated with bold. A vertical bar "|" designates mutually exclusive values.
Spaces and quote marks can be included by enclosing the entire label-contents in single or double quote marks. Carriage returns are indicated with \n. The label-color can be any color name that specifies a single color (default white). Any transparency in the color is ignored. The font-size must be an integer greater than zero (default 24). The font-style can be normal (default), bold, italic, or bold italic, where the latter should be enclosed in single or double quotation marks. The font-typeface can be serif, fixed, or sans serif (default), where the latter should be enclosed in single or double quotation marks. The x-position and y-position are the X and Y coordinates of the lower lefthand corner of the label (defaults are 0.5 and 0.5). The X axis is horizontal and the Y axis is vertical, and both range from 0 to 1 in the visible portion of the window. It is possible to place a label partially or completely outside the visible area, however. A label background (colored rectangle under the label text) can be shown with the bgColor option by setting rectangle-color to any color name that specifies a single color (default None, no label background). The colored rectangle will extend rectangle-padding pixels (default 9) beyond the text in each direction (left, right, top, bottom), and an additional outline in white for dark rectangle colors or black for light rectangle colors will be drawn around the rectangle if rectangle-outline-width > 0 is specified (default 0, no outline). The visibility option specifies whether the label should be displayed. An invisible label can be faded in or a visible label faded out using change.
The 2D label to modify is specified by the name it was assigned with create. All 2D labels collectively can be specified with * (asterisk) instead of name. The label can be faded in or out gradually using the visibility option with frames specified. All other options are as described above for create, except the defaults are to leave the current label unchanged.
The 2D label to delete is specified by the name it was assigned with create. All 2D labels collectively can be specified with * (asterisk) instead of name.
The name is required and serves as an identifier for subsequently modifying or deleting the 2D arrow. The keywords acreate and arrowcreate are interchangeable. The start and end arguments are required and specify the the start and end (tip) locations of the arrow in the X,Y plane, where the X axis is horizontal and the Y axis is vertical, and both range from 0 to 1 in the visible portion of the window. The X and Y coordinates should be separated by a comma only (no spaces). The arrow-color can be any color name that specifies a single color (default white). The weight (default 1.0) is a scale factor for the overall thickness of the arrow. The head option specifies arrowhead style. The visibility option specifies whether the arrow should be displayed. An invisible arrow can be faded in or a visible arrow faded out using achange.
The keywords achange and arrowchange are interchangeable. The 2D arrow to modify is specified by the name it was assigned with acreate. All 2D arrows collectively can be specified with * (asterisk) instead of name. The start, end, color, weight, and head options are as described above for acreate, except the defaults are to leave the current arrow unchanged. The arrow can be faded in or out gradually using the visibility option with frames specified.
The keywords adelete and arrowdelete are interchangeable. The 2D arrow to delete is specified by the name it was assigned with acreate. All 2D arrows collectively can be specified with * (asterisk) instead of name.


Magistrates watched in shock as a man they had disqualified from driving climbed into his car and sped off – just minutes after the hearing.
Welder George Fothergill had been banned from the roads for 12 months following a number of traffic offences when he took the 'idiotic decision' to drive.
The 60-year-old was hauled back before the court and he initially denied driving while disqualified – claiming someone else had been at the wheel at the time.
But since the magistrates had actually seen him in his car from the window of their retiring room, this defence was instantly branded a lie.
Now Fothergill, of Tring Close, Bentilee, has been sent to prison for 10 weeks and banned from driving for a further 57 weeks.
Mansfield Magistrates' Court heard the defendant had been disqualified on July 14 when he was spotted driving off.
Mr Treharne said Fothergill had an 'extensive' record of driving offences, and was last banned, in 2009, for five years.
He initially denied driving while disqualified, and without insurance, but pleaded guilty when he returned to Mansfield for a trial on last week.
She said Fothergill drove to Nottingham and his car was then taken to a garage, where the wheels were removed to 'avoid the chance that he would do it again'.
She said that Fothergill, a welder and labourer, had 'very little means'.
Fothergill was also ordered to pay a £115 victim surcharge.


In an action alleging negligence, CG&P was awarded summary judgment dismissing all claims against its client, a rehabilitation and skilled nursing facility. Plaintiff alleges that she suffered serious injuries after slipping and falling on a patch of ice in the parking lot of CG&P's client's facility. The Court agreed with CG&P's arguments that its client did not create the alleged icy condition and did not have actual or constructive notice of it. Moreover, CG&P convinced the Court that the ice accumulated the night before the alleged accident and that a reasonably sufficient time had not lapsed since the cessation of the storm for its client to take sufficient protective measures. The case was handled by CG&P Partner, James Connors, and Christopher Rogers, Of Counsel to the Firm.


(INVITED) 2018. Frazão Santos C.
Marine spatial planning under a changing climate. Colloquium on MSP and Science: Actual Challenges and Demands for Effective Action. JPI Oceans. Venice, Italy. December 13. Oral communication.
Marine spatial planning under a changing climate. 15th Meeting of the European Commission Member States Expert Group on Marine Spatial Planning. MSP and the Research Community. Brussels, Belgium. October 8-9. EC Member States Expert Group meeting. Oral communication.
2018. Frazão Santos C, Agardy T, Andrade F, Barange M, Crowder LB, Ehler CN, Orbach MK & Rosa R.
Impacts of global environmental change in ocean planning and the Blue Economy. ICES Annual Science Conference 2018. Topic Session C, Assessing and analysing marine spatial planning. Hamburg, Germany. September 24-27. Oral communication.
An index to assess the vulnerability of ocean planning and the Blue Economy to global climate change. The Effects of Climate Change on the World's Oceans, 4th International Symposium. Session 14, Vulnerability and adaptation of marine socio-ecological systems to climate change. Washington DC, USA. June 2-8. Oral communication.
The role of ocean planning in climate change adaptation. The Effects of Climate Change on the World's Oceans, 4th International Symposium. Workshop 4, Climate change adaptation of fisheries and aquaculture. Washington DC, USA. Oral communication.
2017. Frazão Santos C, Vieira da Silva C, Freitas R & Rosa R.
Characterisation, valuation and conservation of the first nursery area of blacktip and hammerhead sharks in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. 10th Indo-Pacific Fish Conference – IPFC. D1, Biology, Ecology, Evolution and Conservation of Chondrichthyan fishes. Tahiti, French Polynesia, 2-6 October. Oral communication.
2016. Frazão Santos C, Andrade F & Orbach M.
Implementing sustainable marine and coastal management: challenges from the Portuguese MSP case. International Meeting on Marine Research – IMMR'16. Biodiversity, Conservation and Coastal Management. Peniche, Portugal, 14-15 July. Oral communication.
2014. Frazão Santos C, Andrade F & Orbach M.
Implementing EBM in the Portuguese Sea: Challenges and opportunities from a new legal framework. 2nd International Ocean Research Conference – IORC. Theme Session T2.TS5, Operationalising Ecosystem-based Management: the challenges of translating scientific knowledge into decision tools for integrated management. Barcelona, Spain, 17-21st November. Oral communication.
Implementing EBM in the Portuguese Sea. 2nd International Ocean Research Conference – IORC. Workshop 5, Global reporting of assessments of the status of marine environments: Translating marine assessment into informed-decision making for ocean governance. Barcelona, Spain, 17-21st November. Oral communication.
2013. Frazão Santos C, Andrade F & Orbach M.
How sustainable is sustainable marine spatial planning? The Portuguese experience. MESMA Final Conference – Monitoring and Evaluation of Spatially Managed Areas. Session E, Governance. Lisbon, Portugal, 8-10th October. Oral communication.
2013. Frazão Santos C, Almodovar M, Andrade F & Orbach M.
Challenges in developing the first Portuguese marine spatial plan. TWAM2013 International Conference & Workshops –Transboundary water management across borders and interfaces: present and future challenges. Panel, Planning water resources and land use. Aveiro, Portugal, 16-20th March. Oral communication.
2010. Silveira TM, Frazão Santos C & Andrade F.
Monitoring the performance of a beach nourishment project in Tróia (Portugal). International Conference on Coastal Conservation and Management'10. Panel, Living with erosion. Estoril, Portugal, 11-17th April. Oral communication.
2010. Frazão Santos C, Carvalho R & Andrade F.
Quantitative assessment of the differential risk associated to oil spills for the Portuguese coast. International Conference on Coastal Conservation and Management'10. Panel, The sea. Estoril, Portugal, 11-17th April. Oral communication.
2018. Rosa R, Freitas R, Nunes E, Vieira da Silva C & Frazão Santos C.
Descrição valoração e conservação do primeiro berçário de tubarões martelo e de pontas pretas descoberto no Atlântico Este (Cabo Verde, África). 1º Congresso de Biologia Marinha dos Países de Língua Portuguesa: Uma Ponte entre Mares. Panel, Conservação e Evolução. Faro, Portugal. 24-26th January. Oral communication.
(INVITED) 2017. Frazão Santos C & Andrade F.
A importância do ordenamento do espaço marítimo para a saúde do mar [The importance of MSP for Ocean Health]. Programa Planeta Mar, Antena 2, Episódio 07, Série 2 (available at www.rtp.pt/play/p396/e294823/especial). Lisbon, Portugal, 23 June. Interview.
(INVITED) 2017. Frazão Santos C.
Planear o Mar: da Biologia Marinha à Política do Mar [Planning the Ocean: from Biological Sciences to Marine Policy]. Palestras do Dia do MARE (Centro de Ciências Marinhas e Ambientais) na FCUL. Lisbon, Portugal, 6 April. Oral communication.
(INVITED) 2014. Frazão Santos C.
O ordenamento do espaço marítimo e a análise de risco de derrames de hidrocarbonetos: à procura de elos de ligação. Quintas do Mar – Ciclo de Palestras do Centro de Oceanografia. Lisbon, Portugal, 8th May. Oral communication.
2010. Frazão Santos C. & Andrade F.
Monitorização da Dinâmica Costeira na península de Tróia no âmbito do EIA da Marina e novo Cais dos "ferries" do Troiaresort. 4ª Conferência Nacional de Avaliação de Impactes. Painel, Pós-avaliação (ou monitorização). Vila Real, Portugal, 20-22nd October. Oral communication.
(INVITED) 2006. Ferreira M, Frazão Santos C. & Andrade F.
Um índice de sensibilidade ecológica (ESI) para a costa portuguesa. Ciclo de Workshops Temáticos do INAG – Avaliação do Impacto Ecológico e/ou Químico das Pressões Antropogénicas nas Águas Costeiras e de Transição. Lisbon, Portugal, 15th December. Oral communication.
2014. Frazão Santos C, Andrade F & Orbach M.
The new legal framework for Portuguese MSP: Challenges and opportunities for implementing EBM. The World Research and Innovation Congress – Oceans. Panel, Oceans policy. Lisbon, Portugal, 15-16th October. Contributed poster.
2013. Frazão Santos C, Michel J, Neves M, Janeiro J, Andrade F & Orbach M.
Oil Spill Risk Analysis and Marine Spatial Planning: finding common grounds. 7th International Conference on Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology. Panel, Innovative technologies for pollution monitoring and control. Hong Kong, China, 17-21st June. Contributed poster.
2012 Frazão Santos C, Teixeira ZG, Janeiro J, Gonçalves RS, Bjorkland R & Orbach M.
The European Marine Strategy: challenges from a Portuguese perspective. 7th Symposium on the Atlantic Iberian Margin – MIA 2012. Panel, Management of coastal land and risk. Lisbon, Portugal, 16-20th December. Contributed poster.
Marine spatial planning and environmental sensitivity index maps – benefits and complementary aspects of an integrated use. International Conference on Coastal Conservation and Management'10. Panel, The sea. Estoril, Portugal, 11-17th April. Contributed poster.
2009. Frazão Santos C & Andrade F.
Environmental sensitivity of the Portuguese coast in the scope of oil spill events – comparing different assessment approaches. 10th International Coastal Symposium. Panel, Coastal hazards and pollution. Lisbon, Portugal, 13-18th April. Contributed poster.
2008. Frazão Santos C & Andrade F.
An environmental sensitivity assessment model for the Portuguese coast in the Scope of oil spill events. International Workshop RIOS – Reducing the Impact of Oil Spills. Albufeira, Portugal, 17-19th April. Contributed poster.


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HISTORICAL ART & AUCTIONS
Home MAGAZINE STORIES Brad Necyk, Pharmakon, Art Gallery of St Albert, St. Albert, Alta., Aug. 4 to Aug. 27, 2016
Abbas Akhavan and Marina Roy, Neighbours, Dunlop Art Gallery, Regina, June 30 to Sept. 4, 2016
Adam Basanta and Eleanor King, Sept. 29 to Nov. 26 at Gallery 1C03 at the University of Winnipeg
Brad Necyk, Pharmakon, Art Gallery of St Albert, St. Albert, Alta., Aug. 4 to Aug. 27, 2016
by Agnieszka Matejko
Brad Necyk, "Retreat," 2016
Brad Necyk, "Retreat," 2016, multi-media sculpture, installation view, inside
The Canadian Mental Health Association says Canada's youth suicide rate is the third highest in the industrialized world, and 2.3 million people aged 12 to 19 are at risk of developing depression. This is nothing short of an epidemic. To put these numbers into perspective, only an estimated 1.5 million people worldwide have been infected with the Zika virus and most have no symptoms. Yet we hear about Zika regularly on the news, while the looming mental health tsunami seems shrouded in silence.
Edmonton artist Brad Necyk's searing portrayal of his mental health struggles shatters the silence. Necyk, who holds a Master's degree in visual arts from the University of Alberta and is now studying for a PhD in psychiatry at the same institution, spent his childhood in and out of hospitals, first for Hirschsprung's disease, a congenital intestinal condition, and subsequently as one of the many university students with mental health conditions. His exhibition brings together video, photography and installation to give the issue a human face.
Brad Necyk, "Retreat," 2016, multi-media sculpture, installation view, outside
Necyk's unabashed and sincere portrayal of his illness can push viewers to an edge of discomfort with voyeurism. His show is a keyhole into his journey through anxiety and depression, as well as his precarious navigation of the medical system. (Necyk says he once waited six hours in a hospital emergency room only to go home untreated.) Reflections, for instance, is a series of photographs conceived during his darkest hours. Piss and Shit feature shiny, oversized faucets that reflect distorted and barely discernable images of the artist. The harsh reality of a human reduced to his biological functions is amplified by black humour. In Piss, two columnar bottles cheerily promote the delights of cinnamon-pumpkin soap and cool-mint mouthwash. They dwarf and enclose a reflection of Necyk, despondent and naked at the toilet.
Brad Necyk, "Tub," 2012
Brad Necyk, "Tub," 2012, digital print, 5' x 7.5'
The raw intensity of this work offers viewers a reality check and a chance to contemplate the burgeoning incidence of depression. Necyk makes no judgments. Yet the show's title, Pharmakon (and a series of photographs with the same name depicting a cocktail of psychotropic medications) poses a paradox. In Plato's dialogues, pharmakon signifies both an ailment's cause and its cure – the remedy is the poison.
Is it possible the very therapies we rely on are part of the problem? Are the billions of dollars that Big Pharma reaps from vulnerable populations a wasteful exercise in temporary placebos? Are there more complex and intractable causes for the upsurge of depression, things like competition, inequity and loneliness? These questions raced through my mind as I left. But the show itself offers neither pat answers nor any glimmers of hope.
Art Gallery of St Albert
19 Perron St, St. Albert, Alberta 8N 1E5 View Map
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Hours Tues to Sat 10 am - 5 pm, Thurs till 8 pm.
Brad Necyk Spring 2017 issue Art Gallery of St. Albert
Agnieszka Matejko
Agnieszka Matejko is an Edmonton community-based artist whose practice focuses on youth and children as well as engaging non-arts groups in public art projects. She has taught at MacEwan University and the University of Alberta.
Read more by Agnieszka Matejko
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Samsung Galaxy A7 2018 is Samsung's first smartphone to have a Triple Rear Camera setup. It is a superior version of the Galaxy A7 (2017). The handset unveiled in September 2018. It has a metal body, 159.8 x 76.8 x 7.5 mm dimensions and 168 grams weight. It is IP68 certified to ensure dust and water resistance up to 1.5 meters for 30 minutes.
The Galaxy A7 (2018) comes with 6.0 inches screen, Super AMOLED (always-on) display, 18.5:9 aspects ratio, 1080 x 2220 pixels resolution and 411 ppi density. Corning Gorilla Glass 5 is equipped on the front to prevent the screen from scratches. Fingerprint The sensor is placed on the left side of the device for a secure unlock.
There are Triple Rear Camera lenses of 24MP (f/1.7) + 8MP (f/2.4) + 5MP (f/2.2). You can capture your special moments under the superb results. It can record amazing 4K videos at 30fps. On the front, you can find a 24MP (f/2.0) Selfie Camera which enables HDR mode, Bokeh mode, and AI beauty effects.
Under the hood, there is an Exynos chipset, Octa-core 2.2GHz Cortex-A53 processor and Mali-G72 GPU. It is available in three RAM and ROM couple options 4GB/64GB, 4GB/128GB and 6GB/128GB. Luckily, the microSD card slot is also offered to get additional memory up to 512GB.
Samsung Galaxy A7 (2018) gets a Non-removable Li-Ion 3300mAh Battery to empower smartphone at least for the whole day. It has no Fast Charging option. You can purchase this handset in four beautiful colors Black, Blue, Pink and Gold.
All Prices updated on daily bases from the local market shops/Showrooms or price list provided by the main dealers of Samsung in BD we are trying to deliver possible best Price of Samsung Galaxy A7 (2018) in Bangladesh and Full specifications, But we can't grantee the Price and Specifications are 100% correct on this page (human error is possible). All prices mentioned on this page are in BDT and valid all over the Bangladesh including Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna Slight deviations are expected, you can check detailed specifications and price online on mobile57 before making a decision to buy Samsung Galaxy A7 (2018) from online store or local shops.
. The handset unveiled in September 2018. It has a metal body, 159.8 x 76.8 x 7.5 mm dimensions and 168 grams weight. It is IP68 certified to ensure dust and water resistance up to 1.5 meters for 30 minutes.


Ulman Masonry has years of experience installing, repairing and replacing brick and stone steps and stoops throughout Appleton, Neenah, Menasha, Oshkosh, Green Bay and the surrounding areas. When you hire Ulman Masonry for your brick stoops or stone steps, we will provide you an estimate before we start building your customized steps/stoops. Often, in older homes we typically find that the brick stoops are in need of complete replacement or some repair work. We will work the homeowner and provide the finest materials when building your new steps/stoops. It does not matter if you are replacing your old brick steps or installing brick steps/stoops on your new home construction, our masonry design specialists have the knowledge and materials necessary to complete any masonry project.
Masonry steps/stoops designs increase the value and beauty of your home. You will also notice all our outdoor stone stoops and brick steps are designed with creativity and artistry to ensure your steps and stoops are original. We are also known for our professional, reliable, and outstanding quality of masonry stonework and brickwork. Please give us a call at (920) 470-5501 to discuss your steps/stoops project and receive a free quote!
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We have the best contractors to make your brickwork and stonework dream projects come true.
We work with contractors throughout the Fox Cities to give you the best brickwork and stonework through quality craftsmanship.
© 2018 Ulman Masonry. All Rights Reserved.


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Mitchell Keeps Busy By Volunteering by Rachel Dickerson McDonald County Press rdickerson@nwadg.com | July 11, 2019 at 8:43 a.m.
RACHEL DICKERSON/MCDONALD COUNTY PRESS Margarette Mitchell of Anderson has stayed busy volunteering since retiring in 2012.
Since retiring in 2012, Margarette Mitchell of Anderson keeps busy by volunteering.
Mitchell grew up in Anderson and went to Anderson High School. She married a hometown boy, Rodney Mitchell, and they lived in the same house for 60 years. Two sons were born and raised in the home, Matt and Grant. They are each married with two children, and Mitchell has four great-grandchildren.
In 1960, Mitchell went to work for the Agriculture Stabilization Conservation Service (ASCS) as a clerk. The organization helped farmers with seeding their fields, digging ponds for their cattle and helped them with fertilizer. She worked there for 33 years. Later, she went to work for New-Mac Electric for 17 years in the billing department.
From 1980 to 2001 she and Rodney raised Christmas trees. Before that they had cattle. She said the Christmas trees were fun.
"People would come and cut their own. You met a lot of nice people coming and cutting their own trees," she said.
She would take a vacation in the summer when it was time to trim the trees. She said they do not grow in the nice shape they are when people buy them -- they have to be trimmed that way.
"It's a lot of work. You have to spray them with fire retardant and you have to trim them," she said.
Since retiring, she has volunteered for five years at the McDonald County Museum. She is also a board member of the McDonald County Historical Society.
She said she got into volunteering by going to a meeting at the old courthouse.
"They were looking for volunteers," she said. "I thought I had always worked for the public, so I started volunteering."
One of the board members wanted to know if she would like to be on the board, so she ran and got elected, she said.
"Our church (Anderson United Methodist Church) does meals on Thursdays to shut-ins," she said. "I help deliver the meals. I enjoy it because you see several people that you don't see but once a week."
She is a member and past president of Epsilon Sigma Alpha, a women's sorority that does charitable work.
She is also a member of the Red Hat Ladies, which is like a support group that takes people to their doctor appointments or provides a meal if someone in the family dies. They meet monthly, she said.
Mitchell is a member of the Anderson High School Alumni Association. She helped it organize in 1977, she said.
She said if people need transportation to the doctor, she takes them, because "you never know when you're going to need a turn."
"I just keep busy," she said.
General News on 07/11/2019
Print Headline: Mitchell Keeps Busy By Volunteering