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Justia › US Law › Case Law › Federal Courts › District Courts › Missouri › Eastern District of Missouri › 1981 › Shell Oil Co. v. United States EEOC
Shell Oil Co. v. United States EEOC, 523 F. Supp. 79 (E.D. Mo. 1981)
U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri - 523 F. Supp. 79 (E.D. Mo. 1981)
523 F. Supp. 79 (1981)
SHELL OIL COMPANY, Plaintiff,
UNITED STATES EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION, et al., Defendants.
EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION, Plaintiff,
SHELL OIL COMPANY, et al., Defendants.
Nos. 80-1202-C(5), 81-0230-C(5).
United States District Court, E. D. Missouri, E. D.
On Motion For Reconsideration and Clarification September 22, 1981.
*80 *81 *82 Donna L. Harper, St. Louis, Mo., Dianna B. Johnston, Washington, D. C., for E. E. O. C.
Thomas R. Jayne, W. Stanley Walch, Charles A. Newman, Thompson & Mitchell, St. Louis, Mo., Martin D. Schneiderman, Samuel T. Perkins, Mark B. Goodwin, Steptoe & Johnson, Washington, D. C., for defendants in No. 80-1202-C(5) and plaintiff in No. 81-0230-C(5).
Susan J. Sandler, Houston, Tex., for Shell Oil Co.
CAHILL, District Judge.
This matter is before the Court on various pretrial motions.
On September 27, 1979, Eleanor Holmes Norton, Chair of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (hereinafter EEOC), initiated a Commissioner's charge against Shell Oil Company (hereinafter Shell) under sections 706 and 707 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e, et seq. The charge alleged employment discrimination on the basis of race and sex at plaintiff's refinery in Wood River, Illinois. Subsequently, W. Ed. Mansfield, District Director of the St. Louis District Office of the EEOC, issued the EEOC's first request for information. An administrative subpoena duces tecum was served on Shell May 16, 1980 by Mansfield. In response thereto, on May 23, 1980, Shell filed a petition to revoke or modify the subpoena, which was denied by Mansfield on June 9, 1980. Shell filed an appeal of the petition to revoke or modify the subpoena on June 23, 1980. Likewise, Shell's appeal was denied by Leroy Clark, General Counsel of the EEOC, around August 27, 1980. Having exhausted its administrative remedies, Shell filed an action in this Court (No. 80-1202-C(5)) in order to quash the subpoena and to enjoin the EEOC, Norton, Clark, and Mansfield from their alleged unlawful and arbitrary course of conduct. Around February 4, 1981, the EEOC filed an action in the Southern District of Illinois (now No. 81-230-C(5)) against Shell and its agent, Roger Rice, to enforce the subpoena duces tecum issued by the EEOC. The actions have been consolidated and are now before this Court.
EEOC's Motion to Strike.
The EEOC moves to strike the first, third, and fourth defenses of Shell under Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(f). That rule provides in relevant part that the court may order stricken from any pleading any insufficient defense or any redundant, immaterial, impertinent, or scandalous matter. Those defenses are:
*83 1. FIRST DEFENSE: The subpoena may not be enforced because EEOC lacks authority to issue a subpoena to investigate a charge that is unlawfully filed;
2. THIRD DEFENSE: The subpoena may not be enforced because EEOC lacks authority to issue a subpoena that contravenes the terms of the Federal Reports Act, 44 U.S.C. § 3501 et seq.;
3. FOURTH DEFENSE: The subpoena may not be enforced because the Commission claims the authority to disclose to unnamed third parties information produced pursuant to the subpoena in contravention of Section 706b and 709e of Title VII, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 2000e-5(b) and e-8(e) and the Trade Secrets Act, 18 U.S.C. Section 1905.
EEOC claims that Shell's first defense is vague and contains insufficient facts from which an opinion can be formed as to its validity and, therefore, should be stricken. The case law indicates that a motion to strike a portion of the pleadings is a drastic remedy which is viewed with disfavor and such motions are infrequently granted. Lunsford v. United States, 418 F. Supp. 1045, 1051 (D.S.D.1976); Zamora v. Massey-Ferguson, Inc., 336 F. Supp. 588, 591 (S.D.Iowa 1972); Patrick v. I. D. Packing Company, 308 F. Supp. 821, 823 (S.D.Iowa 1969); Vernon J. Rockler and Co., Inc. v. Minneapolis Shareholders Company, 69 F.R.D. 1, 5 (D.Minn.1975). The Court should defer action on a motion to strike a pleading and leave the sufficiency of the allegations for a determination on the merits where there is no showing of prejudicial harm to the moving party. Zamora, 336 F. Supp. at 591; Patrick, 308 F. Supp. at 823. Here, EEOC has not shown that it will be prejudiced if its motion to strike is denied. Furthermore, a defense is good unless it appears to a certainty that plaintiffs would succeed despite any state of facts which would be provided in support of the defense, and any doubt as to the striking of matters in a pleading should be resolved in favor of the pleading. Vernon J. Rockler and Co., Inc., 69 F.R.D. at 5; Hunter v. International Systems & Control Corp., 56 F.R.D. 617, 633 (W.D.Mo.1972). This Court cannot say with certainty that the EEOC would succeed despite any state of facts which would be provided in support of Shell's defense. Therefore, the Court in its discretion denies EEOC's motion to strike as to Shell's first defense. See Vernon J. Rockler and Co., Inc., 69 F.R.D. at 5.
EEOC asserts that Shell's third defense should be stricken because the Federal Reports Act is inapplicable to subpoenas. EEOC then cites the Court to Adams v. F. T. C., 296 F.2d 861, 866 (8th Cir. 1961), cert. denied, 369 U.S. 864, 82 S. Ct. 1029, 8 L. Ed. 2d 83 (1962), which held that a subpoena meets the requirements for enforcement if the inquiry is: (1) within the authority of the agency; (2) the demand is not too indefinite, and (3) the information sought is reasonably relevant. See Blue Ribbon Quality Meats, Inc. v. F. T. C., 434 F. Supp. 159, 162 (W.D.Mo.1976); United States v. Empire Gas Corp., 419 F. Supp. 34, 37 (W.D.Mo. 1976). Although the Court does not attempt to rule on the merits, it cannot say at this time that the subpoena is not within the authority of the agency, that the demand is insufficient, or that the information sought is irrelevant. Therefore, the Court in its broad discretion denies EEOC's motion to strike as to Shell's third defense. See Vernon J. Rockler and Co., Inc., 69 F.R.D. at 5.
The Court having considered EEOC's argument to strike Shell's fourth defense, denies the motion to strike as to Shell's fourth defense on the same grounds that it denied the motion as to Shell's first and third defenses. Accordingly, EEOC's motion to strike is denied.
EEOC's Motion For Protective Order That Discovery Not Be Had.
EEOC moves for a protective order under Fed.R.Civ.P. 26(c) forbidding the discovery via interrogatories and the first request for production of documents sought by Shell. First, EEOC challenges Shell's third defense in its answer. This same challenge was enunciated in EEOC's motion to strike. This argument for the motion for protective order is rejected, therefore, for the reasons *84 set out by the Court in the denial of the motion to strike.
In regard to Shell's interrogatories No. 11-13, the motion for protective order is stayed pending the filing of a certificate of privilege by the EEOC with respect to these interrogatories. (See, memorandum in support of applicant's motion for protective order, p. 4.)
After careful review of the motion and the memorandum in support of the protective order, the Court finds that EEOC's motion for protective order is denied as to Shell's interrogatories No. 1-10 and 14-17 and Shell's first request to inspect and copy documents.
Shell's Motion For Continuance.
Shell moves to continue the hearing of the Court's order to show cause scheduled for April 17, 1981 until May 21, 1981, or until 45 days after EEOC has provided full answers to Shell's first interrogatories. Since the hearing on the order to show cause was held on May 15, 1981 in this Court, the motion for continuance is denied as moot.
EEOC's Motion For Reconsideration.
EEOC moves the Court to reconsider its order of March 6, 1981 denying defendant's motion to dismiss civil action No. 80-1202C(5). The grounds for the motion for reconsideration are:
1. Denial of the motion to dismiss and allowance of discovery by plaintiff will affirmatively harm the ability of the EEOC to carry out its mandate under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e, et seq.
2. This is simply a motion to quash a subpoena and as such is a summary proceeding.
3. The recent amendment to the Federal Reports Act clarifies Congressional intent not to include investigatory material within the Act's coverage.
In order to systematically approach the present motion for reconsideration, the Court will analyze the original motion to dismiss on an issue by issue basis.
EEOC's first argument is that the Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction. This action is brought under U.S.Const. amend. V; the Declaratory Judgment Act, 28 U.S.C. §§ 2201 et seq.; the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 551 et seq., 701 et seq.; the Federal Reports Act, 44 U.S.C. §§ 3501 et seq.; the Trade Secrets Act, 18 U.S.C. § 1905, and 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331, 1337, 1391(e), and 1651. 28 U.S.C. § 1331 provides that the district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States. Since the instant matter arises under an amendment of the United States Constitution and several United States laws, this Court has subject matter jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1331.
Defendant next argues that plaintiff has failed to state a claim upon which relief can be granted under Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b) (6). This contention is argued via four subsections entitled: A. Federal Reports Act, B. Confidentiality, C. There is Sufficient Justification For Issuance of a Commissioner Charge, and D. The Subpoena Should Not Be Quashed.
A. Federal Reports Act.
Shell asserts in Counts IV and V of the complaint that the information sought by the EEOC from Shell in its subpoena and October 1979 Request for Information was requested in violation of the Federal Reports Act, 44 U.S.C. § 3501, et seq. It has come to the Court's attention that the Federal Reports Act has been replaced by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, Pub.L. 96-511, 94 Stat. 2812, which became effective April 1, 1981. This Act indicates that it does not apply to the collection of information during the conduct of an administrative investigation of specific entities and that it is not intended to interfere with civil rights enforcement. Here, the EEOC was seeking information while conducting an administrative investigation of Shell, a specific entity. Therefore, EEOC's motion to dismiss is granted as to the claim *85 under the Federal Reports Act, now the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980. Accordingly, EEOC's motion to reconsider is granted as to the Federal Reports Act claim.
B. Confidentiality.
In Count VI Shell alleges that EEOC frequently retains outside consultants to review investigatory materials, particularly computer data, and in so doing, EEOC provides these consultants with a charged employer's company documents and computer records. Furthermore, Shell claims that this practice violates 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e-5(b) and 2000e-8(c) and the Trade Secrets Act, 18 U.S.C. § 1905. Lastly, Shell states that the EEOC has refused to give it any assurance that it will not provide the information demanded to outside consultants, and EEOC has asserted a right to do so. To the contrary, the EEOC at the show cause hearing on May 15, 1981, intimated that the subpoena could be enforced with a stipulation that the information not be turned over to outside consultants. Transcript of Hearing, p. 26, lines 9-12. Since EEOC has indicated a willingness not to turn over the information requested to outside consultants, EEOC's motion to dismiss is granted as to this issue.
C. There Is Sufficient Justification For Issuance of a Commissioner's Charge.
Plaintiff alleges via complaint that the Commissioner's charge issued against it does not specify sufficient facts, that it exceeds the Commission's statutory authority, and that plaintiff's due process rights are violated in that it cannot defend itself against the allegations in the charge.
The Commissioner's charge reads:
COMMISSIONER'S CHARGE
Pursuant to the provisions of Sections 706 and 707 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. Section 2000e et seq. (Supp. v. 1975) I charge the following employer with unlawful employment practices:
Shell Oil Company Wood River Refinery P. O. Box 262 Wood River, Illinois 62095
I believe that the above employer is within the jurisdiction of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and has violated and continues to violate Sections 703 and 707 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, by discriminating against Blacks and females on the basis of race and sex with respect to recruitment, hiring, selection, job assignment, training, testing, promotion, and terms and conditions of employment.
More specifically, the employer's unlawful discriminatory practices include, but are not limited to:
1. Failing or refusing to recruit, hire, promote, train, assign or select Blacks for managerial, professional, technical, office/clerical, craft, and service workers positions because of their race.
2. Failing or refusing to recruit, hire, promote, train, select, and assign females to managerial, professional, technical, craft, operative, laborer and service worker positions because of their sex.
The persons aggrieved include all Blacks and women who are, have been or might be affected by the unlawful employment practices complained of herein.
Title 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(b) in relevant part provides:
(b) Whenever a charge is filed by or on behalf of a person claiming to be aggrieved, or by a member of the Commission, alleging that an employer, employment agency, labor organization, or joint labor-management committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining, including on-the-job training programs, has engaged in an unlawful employment practice, the Commission shall serve a notice of the charge (including the date, place and circumstances of the alleged unlawful employment practice) on such employer, employment agency, labor organization, or joint labor-management *86 committee (hereinafter referred to as the "respondent") within ten days, and shall make an investigation thereof. Charges shall be in writing under oath or affirmation and shall contain such information and be in such form as the Commission requires. Charges shall not be made public by the Commission. If the Commission determines after such investigation that there is not reasonable cause to believe that the charge is true, it shall dismiss the charge and promptly notify the person claiming to be aggrieved and the respondent of its action. In determining whether reasonable cause exists, the Commission shall accord substantial weight to final findings and orders made by State or local authorities in proceedings commenced under State or local law pursuant to the requirements of subsections (c) and (d) of this section. If the Commission determines after such investigation that there is reasonable cause to believe that the charge is true, the Commission shall endeavor to eliminate any such alleged unlawful employment practice by informal methods of conference, conciliation, and persuasion. Nothing said or done during and as a part of such informal endeavors may be made public by the Commission, its officers or employees, or used as evidence in a subsequent proceeding without the written consent of the persons concerned. Any person who makes public information in violation of this subsection shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both. The Commission shall make its determination on reasonable cause as promptly as possible and, so far as practicable, not later than one hundred and twenty days from the filing of the charge or, where applicable under subsection (c) or (d) of this section, from the date upon which the Commission is authorized to take action with respect to the charge. (Emphasis supplied.)
The language of the statute clearly indicates that the Commissioner had the authority to issue a charge. Therefore, plaintiff's argument that the Commissioner's charge exceeds the Commission's statutory authority is without merit.
Plaintiff's allegation that the Commissioner's charge does not specify sufficient facts is also meritless. The purpose of a charge under section 706, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5, is only to initiate the EEOC investigation, not to state sufficient facts to make out a prima facie case. Graniteville Co. (Sibley Div.) v. Equal Employ. Op. Com'n., 438 F.2d 32, 38 (4th Cir. 1971). A showing of reasonable cause via facts, in order to find a Title VII violation need not be established before an administrative subpoena may be validly issued. See Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Chrysler Corporation, 567 F.2d 754, 755 (8th Cir. 1977). Rather, it is the function of such investigative subpoenas to establish whether reasonable cause to bring a discrimination charge exists. Chrysler Corporation, 567 F.2d at 755; Graniteville Co., 438 F.2d at 36. 29 C.F.R. § 1601.12(b) (1980), which applies to charges filed by aggrieved persons and the Commission, states that a charge is sufficient when the Commission receives from the person making the charge a written statement sufficiently precise to identify the parties, and to describe generally the action or practices complained of. According to this standard, the Commissioner's charge is sufficient, because it is a typewritten statement which identifies the parties involved as being Shell Oil Company and the EEOC, and it describes generally the practices complained of as failing or refusing to recruit, hire, promote, train, assign or select Blacks and/or females for managerial, professional, technical, craft, and service worker positions, inter alia, because of their race and/or sex. See Commissioner's Charge, paragraphs 1 and 2.
As per 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(b), only notice of the charge must include the date, place and circumstances of the alleged unlawful employment practice. The rule only requires that charges be in writing under oath or affirmation and contain such information and be in such form as the Commission requires. Here, the charge was typewritten, *87 sworn to by Commissioner Norton, and substantially complied with Commission guidelines.
Similarly, it is difficult to fathom plaintiff's argument that its U.S.Const. amend. V due process rights are violated in that it cannot defend itself against the allegations in the charge. In nonadjudicative, fact-finding investigations, traditional notions of U.S. Const. amend. V due process do not attach. See Hannah v. Larche, 363 U.S. 420, 446, 80 S. Ct. 1502, 1516, 4 L. Ed. 2d 1307 (1959); Ewing v. Mytinger & Casselberry, 339 U.S. 594, 598, 70 S. Ct. 870, 872, 94 L. Ed. 1088 (1949). In the present case, EEOC is seeking to make a nonadjudicative investigation, therefore, due process under U.S.Const. amend. V is inapplicable.
Based on the foregoing, there is sufficient justification for issuance of the Commissioner's charge and EEOC's motion to dismiss is granted as to this issue.
D. The Subpoena Should Not Be Quashed.
Plaintiff alleges that the subpoena should be quashed, because the information sought is irrelevant.
It is clear that the EEOC has the authority to make investigations in order to determine if individual and/or pattern or practice discrimination is ongoing. See 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e-5(b) and 2000e-6(e). 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-8(a) states that the Commission or its designated representative shall have access to, for the purpose of examination, and the right to copy any evidence of any person being investigated or proceeded against that relates to unlawful employment practices and is relevant to the charge under investigation. Notions of relevancy at the investigatory stage are very broad, and so long as the EEOC is not wandering into wholly unrelated areas, the EEOC has the power to investigate and thus to subpoena documents concerning any employer practice which may shed light on the discrimination charged. Equal Employment Opportunity v. Cambridge Tile Mfg., 590 F.2d 205, 206 (6th Cir. 1979). The Court after reviewing the subpoena finds that the information requested therein is not wholly unrelated to the charge under investigation. Therefore, the information requested is relevant and the subpoena should not be quashed.
Additionally, plaintiff complains that it would be unduly burdensome to produce the information requested, to provide compilations and to provide computer information. The fact of being burdensome alone is not a sufficient basis for refusal to enforce a subpoena. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-8(a) places no limitations on the Commission's access to materials on the basis of the burden to the company. EEOC v. United States Fid. & Guar. Co., 414 F. Supp. 227, 244 (D.Md.1976), aff'd, 538 F.2d 324 (4th Cir. 1976). Therefore, plaintiff's argument appears to have minimal merit.
After careful reconsideration of the EEOC's motion to dismiss, the Court finds that the motion to dismiss cause No. 80-1202-C(5) has merit. Therefore, the Court vacates its order denying EEOC's motion to dismiss dated March 6, 1981, and in lieu thereof grants EEOC's motion for reconsideration.
Shell's Motion To Enforce Stipulation.
Shell moves to enforce a stipulation entered between Shell and the EEOC which was filed on January 12, 1981. The relevant portion of the stipulation provides that in the event the defendants' (EEOC, et al.) motion to dismiss is denied, defendants agree to answer or object within 30 days of such denial, plaintiff's first interrogatories filed on November 24, 1980. After the motion to dismiss was originally denied by the Court, defendants failed to answer or object to plaintiff's interrogatories. Instead, defendants filed a motion to reconsider their motion to dismiss. The Court has now granted the motion to reconsider. Since defendants' original motion to dismiss has in effect been granted via motion for reconsideration, defendants are not required to answer or object to plaintiff's first interrogatories within 30 days of this Court's order, as per the stipulation. Accordingly, Shell's motion to enforce the stipulation is denied.
*88 Defendants' (EEOC, et al.) Motion for Protective Order.
Defendants (EEOC, et al.) in cause No. 80-1202-C(5) moved for a protective order staying all discovery in that case pending a ruling on defendants' motion for reconsideration. In that the motion for reconsideration has been ruled on by the Court, defendants' motion is denied as moot.
IT IS ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that judgment is entered for the EEOC in civil action No. 80-1202-C(5), Shell's action to quash the subpoena.
IT IS ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that judgment is entered for the EEOC in civil action No. 81-0230-C(5), EEOC's action to enforce the subpoena.
On Motion For Reconsideration and Clarification
This matter is before the Court upon the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's (hereafter EEOC) motion for reconsideration and clarification and Shell Oil Company's (hereinafter Shell) cross-motion for clarification.
On September 27, 1979, Eleanor Holmes Norton, Chair of the EEOC, initiated a Commissioner's charge against Shell under Sections 706 and 707 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e, et seq. The charge alleged employment discrimination on the basis of race and sex at plaintiff's refinery in Wood River, Illinois. Subsequently, W. Ed. Mansfield, District Director of the St. Louis District Office of the EEOC, issued the EEOC's first request for information. An administrative subpoena duces tecum was served on Shell May 16, 1980 by Mansfield. In response thereto, on May 23, 1980, Shell filed a petition to revoke or modify the subpoena, which was denied by Mansfield on June 9, 1980. Shell filed an appeal of the petition to revoke or modify the subpoena on June 23, 1980. Likewise, Shell's appeal was denied by Leroy Clark, General Counsel of the EEOC, around August 27, 1980. Having exhausted its administrative remedies, Shell filed an action in this Court [No. 80-1202-C(5)] in order to quash the subpoena and to enjoin the EEOC, Norton, Clark, and Mansfield from their alleged unlawful and arbitrary course of conduct. Around February 4, 1981, the EEOC filed an action in the Southern District of Illinois [now No. 81-0230-C(5)] against Shell and its agent, Roger Rice, to enforce the subpoena duces tecum issued by the EEOC. The actions were consolidated and brought before this Court. Thereafter the EEOC moved to dismiss civil action No. 80-1202-C(5). The Court denied EEOC's motion to dismiss via its order of March 6, 1981. EEOC then filed other pretrial motions and a motion for reconsideration of the Court's order of March 6, 1981. The Court in its order dated June 30, 1981, granted, inter alia, EEOC's motion for reconsideration.
EEOC now moves for reconsideration of those portions of the June 30, 1981 order denying its motions for a protective order and to strike defenses. Both parties move for clarification of the Court's order of June 30, 1981.
In reconsideration and clarification of the Court's order of June 30, 1981, for the reasons outlined in the Court's memorandum (pp. 5-11) of June 30, 1981, civil action No. 80-1202-C(5), Shell's action to quash the subpoena is dismissed. Therefore, judgment in civil action No. 80-1202-C(5) is entered for the EEOC. After careful consideration of Shell's arguments, defenses, and memoranda explaining why the subpoena should not be enforced which were presented at the show cause hearing and in the pleadings, the Court enters judgment for EEOC in civil action No. 81-0230-C(5), EEOC's action to enforce the subpoena.
In addition to the rationale set out on pages 5-11 of the Court's order of June 30, 1981, the Court finds that the subpoenaed information is material and relevant to the EEOC's investigation. See Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Chrysler *89 Corporation, 567 F.2d 754, 755 (8th Cir. 1977); Equal Emp. Op. Com'n v. University of N. M., Albuquerque, 504 F.2d 1296, 1301 (10th Cir. 1974). Although compliance with the subpoena may place somewhat of a burden on Shell, burdensomeness alone is not a sufficient basis for refusal to enforce a subpoena. EEOC v. United States Fid. & Guar. Co., 414 F. Supp. 227, 244 (D.Md.1976). Any inconvenience or difficulty must be considered as a part of the social burden of living under government. Id. at 244. In order to alleviate some of the burden and expense of compliance, the EEOC previously assured Shell that it (EEOC) is authorized to contribute toward the costs of compliance. (See Determination On Appeal Petition, paragraph 3.)
Additionally, the subpoena is not subject to quashing because it requires Shell to make certain compilations. See New Orleans Public Service, Inc. v. Brown, 507 F.2d 160, 164 (5th Cir. 1975); Okla. Pub. Co. v. Powell, 22 FEP Cases 1421, 1425 (W.D.Okla.1976), aff'd, Okla. Pub. Co. v. EEOC, 22 FEP Cases 1429 (10th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 863, 99 S. Ct. 186, 58 L. Ed. 2d 173 (1978).
The EEOC, however, cannot require Shell to furnish copies of documents. See Okla. Pub. Co., 22 FEP Cases at 1425-26. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-8(a) provides:
(a) In connection with any investigation of a charge filed under section 2000e-5 of this title, the Commission or its designated representative shall at all reasonable times have access to, for the purposes of examination, and the right to copy any evidence of any person being investigated or proceeded against that relates to unlawful employment practices covered by this subchapter and is relevant to the charge under investigation. (Emphasis supplied.)
Accordingly, the subpoena, to the extent that it seeks copies to be supplied by Shell, is modified and is enforceable only to the extent access to and the right to copy evidence is sought.
Therefore, Shell shall comply with the subpoena as modified in connection with the investigation of the charge filed by Eleanor Holmes Norton by allowing EEOC representatives access to the subpoenaed documents and information commencing no later than October 23, 1981, and continuing until production is completed. The information obtained by the EEOC, however, shall not be turned over to any outside consultants. In that this ruling disposes of this consolidated action because it disposes of both civil action No. 80-1202-C(5) and No. 81-0230-C(5), the Court finds there is no longer a need for Shell's discovery. Therefore, EEOC's motions for protective order that discovery not be had and to strike defenses are denied.


You have been collecting bikes since you were a little boy, but on the other day you wake up after a big party only to find that someone has taken the wheels off all your bikes. And so, in Hidden-Bike-Wheels, your job is to fix the problem by looking for the wheels in three different locations. However, you are short on time as you need to present your bike collection to auctioneers; you better not dawdle about, as your future as a bike collector hangs in the balance.
In Hidden-Bike-Wheels you can choose from three images, and in each one you will have 300 seconds to find all the bike wheels hidden in the image. However, if you want to, you can choose to remove the time limit. You can only make 5 mistakes per image, so don't go around clicking every little bit of it. Once you spot a wheel hidden in the background, simply click on it and it should become yellow. That's all there is to know good luck!


The taste of a classic michelada with a tropical twist, refreshing and delicious!
Chia seeds are rich in vitamins and fiber, this delicious pudding is a healthy option to welcome Spring with a detox.
Make this popular Brazilian baked dessert, easy, colorful and delicious!


text:
Perception is Truth
ZX Spectrum – U-075778
ZX Spectrum – D01-387238
ZX Spectrum – 023-026860
Skyrim – main quest line
April 1, 2012 tony
I finally finished Skyrim's main quest line yesterday. I managed to stay out of the civil war for the whole quest line, and felt quite pleased that I brokered a short truce so I could briefly capture a dragon. I still stand by everything I wrote in this article, but I have to say toward the end the main quest was pretty decent.
Of course, the way in which I play Skyrim (and games like it) means that it was also entirely trivial by the time I got around to it. In my head, I want to do 'everything' before I complete the main quest in games such as Skyrim or Dragon Age. That means I'm usually at the top of the level range the quests are designed for, I've found all the locations, got all the gear, etc.
Still, despite that, the main quest was interesting and had some nice unique locations. I'd like to spend more time exploring Blackreach for example. Once I'd completed the main quest, I moved on to the civil war quest (it starts up again as soon as you capture the dragon basically, when your truce is no longer needed).
With Skyrim, if you just follow the civil war quest it forces you to explore, find locations, and survive epic battles. However, since I'd found all those places before, and I could kill any of the enemies involved in the epic battles in one or two strikes of a sword, it was more a case of just fast travelling, saying hello to the quest giver, fast travelling, killing 50 bad guys, rinse and repeat. It would be more exciting, I suspect, if you did this alongside the rest of the game, but it means some quests aren't available to you as you take various cities, so I left it until I'd done as much as I could stomach of the rest of the game.
This being Skyrim though – the final battle of the civil war quest bugged out on me. Now every time I try and go into Windhelm it tells me I must help the soldiers defeat everyone before I can enter (and then lets me enter anyway), and all the time I'm inside it plays the battle music. Ulfric's body remains on the floor of the Jarl's hall, and no new Jarl has arrived (not sure if one should). So the whole thing feels a bit broken.
Anyway, glad I've finally done enough to say 'I'm finished' with Skyrim. Like Oblivion before it, I actually feel relieved I've done with it for some reason.
oblivionrpgskyrim
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


LAMINAM, specialist in the production of large-size ceramic slabs with minimum thickness for exteriors, interiors and furniture, proves its strong bond with the world of Architecture by taking part, as a Supporter, in the 15th International Architecture Exhibition – La Biennale di Venezia.
On this occasion the company will present the editorial project World Atlas Book, a limited edition architecture volume containing the most exciting images of LAMINAM references around the world, as a journey to discover cultures and artistic spirits. For over a year photographer Andrea Garuti travelled the five continents to create a photo feature combining architecture, reality and travel report, gently immortalising real-life scenes with powerful chromatic shades and tiptoeing along the path of respect for other peoples and cultures.
The book, that will be unveiled in Venice in the days of the Vernissage (May 26th and 27th) with an exclusive presentation event attended by influential voices from the world of contemporary architecture, expresses through images and life stories the conquering spirit and the journey towards new horizons, typical of architectural innovation and essence of LAMINAM's activity.


Southend's local businesses were yet again the ones to suffer following another devastating flash flood last Friday night. According to the local fire service, they received over 100 calls during the two hour period of extreme downpour on the 19th September 2014, and all along the seafront the fire brigade were pumping out water.
The Happidrome arcade on Southend seafront was yet again affected, having only just re-opened in April following the extreme flood last August that cost the owners £100,000 to repair the damage. Owner of Happidrome arcade, Martin Richardson reported, "It came through the back, the side, it came through the wall, it came through the roof, the main drains. At least four of the arcades on the promenade have suffered. It's going to be a long while before we're open".
Blame has been put on the design of Southend's City Beach, a popular tourist spot in the Summer, and anger has been expressed toward Martin Terry of Southend Council that stated on national TV that the seafront design is not the cause of the continued flooding problems that have only been a major issue in the past couple of years since the seafront's Marine Parade was redesigned to be the shared space that it is today.
But with focus on protecting Southend's Golden Mile and seafront tourist attractions, sadly other small businesses elsewhere in Southend were ignored and left to deal with the disaster alone.
Pictured above: Fairfax Drive flooded as local café Lunch In A Bag desperately try to use customer-donated towels as flood defence barriers. Pictured left is Shaftesbury Avenue and Victoria Road (courtesy of @PrettyDemented) closed off by residents.
According to Paul Crane, owner of Westcliff's Lunch In A Bag Café, their shop on Fairfax Drive became flooded from up to 2 feet of water flowing down Inverness Avenue and Silverdale Avenue due to the council's failure to clean the drain out regularly.
Paul Crane then goes on to state that, thanks to a bit of luck, a passing Fire Brigade officer managed to slow the traffic down before making a call to let the police know that no more vehicles should be diverted to Fairfax Drive. With no more cars speeding past causing tidal waves into the shop, they were able to mop up and repair some of the damages with the help of some amazing customers.
Pictured above is the view from Michaella Philpot's car window, looking toward the completely flooded surroundings of the Kursaal.
Other businesses that were affected include the Pearl Dragon restaurant (whose roof collapsed under the heavy rain water), Sealife Adventure (who had the fire service pump water out of the centre), and Cornucopia Pub (who had to have three people who were trapped in the cellar rescued by the fire crews). But the real number of affected businesses is bound to be overwhelmingly high, beyond what will most likely be publicised in the papers. And I'm not just talking about the ones along the seafront.
Southend-based Ashburnham Insurance helped local businesses out last year with their business insurance claims, following last August's flood, and undoubtedly will be busy again this year. Steve Smith from Ashburnham Insurance said, "Being the middle of summer, the town was living up to its 'Sunny Southend' reputation. This was until torrential rain arrived at the weekend and caused major flooding to the area. This goes to show the importance of insurance cover even when you feel there is little or no need for it. You never know what can happen from one day to the next".
Check out photos of lightning in Southend!
Leigh-on-Sea is the 2nd happiest place to live. What about Southend?


Governments meeting at the 4th of 5 negotiations are running out of time to address key issues before finalizing a legally binding treaty on mercury. Most major issues remain unresolved and the Zero Mercury Working Group expressed concern over the lack of progress at such a late stage. "There has been no substantial progress on the biggest sources of mercury pollution nor in reconciling the different positions of governments," said Michael Bender, ZMWG co-coordinator. Issues as straightforward as the phase out of mercury in products and processes and supply and trade did not progress any better, according to Bender. Barely visible in the draft treaty text are core requirements for the environmentally sound management of mercury, which are contingent on future decisions, and the issue of contaminated sites has only been minimally addressed.
The fourth session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to prepare a global legally binding instrument on Mercury (INC4) will be held in Punta del Este, Uruguay, from 27 June to 2 July 2012. The Zero Mercury Working Group has prepared its views on the INC 4 draft_treaty text. Noting that mercury gets transported great distances through the air and in trade, NGOs are urging governments to cut mercury off at the source by adopting strong treaty provisions.
Dental mercury fillings pollute the environment, contaminate fish and are far more costly for taxpayers than the alternative tooth-colored material, according to an economics report released by MPP and a broad coalition of health, consumer and environmental groups. The study was prepared by Brussels-based Concorde East/West Sprl and details how society pays for dental mercury through additional pollution control costs, deterioration of public resources, and the health effects associated with mercury contamination. The report shows that when the real cost to taxpayers and the environment is considered, amalgam is significantly more costly than composite as a filling material, by at least $41 more per filling, as reflected in the International Academy of Oral Medicine & Toxicology brochure.
Today, ZMWG, EEB, HEAL and HCWHE sent a letter sent to all EU Environment Ministers and Commissioners and Director Generals for Environment and Health, asking for support for phase-outs of mercury use in dentistry in the EU and globally. This was in response to the EU in 2011 conducting a full life-cycle assessment of mercury use in dentistry- mainly looking at the environmental effects caused. The study is expected to be completed by spring 2012. The EEB had sent its initial input on the study in September 2011.
State and national groups, including MPP, are pushing states to enact strong' bounty' programs to increase collection of mercury products such as thermostats. In Maine, we recently wrote to block the push by DEP to eliminate a landmark producer responsibility laws for mercury, as it appears that industry has had undue influence without allowing other stakeholders to participate in the review progress. In California, we recently wrote the environmental agency, urging them to provides for the maximum feasible number of mercury thermostats collected, consistent with the Legislature's intent.
12 scientists recently wrote FDA and the Ag Dept. requesting that misleading or erroneos information on mercury exposure risks from fish be corrected and update in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Unfortunately, the advice in the 2010 Guidelines includes the suggestion (on page 39 ) that pregnant women "can eat all types of tuna," despite the fact that tuna accounts for the largest share of methylmercury in the American diet, contributing 37 percent of the total. They point out that the Guidelines contain serious scientific deficiencies and that any risk-communication errors could affect consumer perceptions of the risks associated with fish consumption and potentially result in significant harm to public health, particulary in pregnant women.


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Stage Chat
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Stage Chat / Concerts /
Broadway Princess Party London concerts postponed
Broadway Princess Party London tickets, dates and venues
Posted April 5, 2020 07:29 by Josh Darvill
The Broadway Princess Party's debut in London has been postponed.
The hit concert, which has been playing regularly in New York and across the US, was on its way to the UK for the first time later this year.
Two performances were to take place at London's Leicester Square Theatre on Friday, May 15 and Saturday, May 16.
However producers Club 11 London have announced that the concerts have now been postponed due to the ongoing theatre shutdown. A new date has yet to be announced.
The Broadway Princess Party features Broadway's original Cinderella, Belle, and Jasmine singing the petticoats off every iconic princess song in the book.
Two-time Tony-nominee Laura Osnes (Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella), Tony-nominee Susan Egan (Disney's Beauty and the Beast and voice of 'Meg' in Hercules), and Grammy-nominee Courtney Reed (Disney's Aladdin) join forces with the Fairy Godfairy himself, musical director extraordinaire Benjamin Rauhala.
They were to be joined by special guest Hiba Elchikhe, star of Everybody's Talking About Jamie in the West End and Disney's Aladdin in Australia.
As well as performing classic hits, the concert sees the stars sharing hilarious and heartfelt stories of their royal antics backstage, on stage, and beyond!
Club 11 said: "We shall be in touch in due course regarding the date change and/or the ticket/refund process if required. Refunds for all shows may take longer than usual due to the sheer volume of shows being changed, cancelled or refunded.
"Like us, we know you will be hugely disappointed but we please ask that you are patient and kind to the customer service, social media, the venues, and the artists all whom are dealing with
a lot of frustrated customers and fans, not just for our shows but for hundreds of shows."
They added: "We also want to thank all the artists and performers who are keeping everyone entertained and laughing in their own way on social media during this time. We also extend a huge heartfelt thank you to all the essential key workers continuing to make the country run especially everyone working for, and protecting us, at the NHS."
More on: Benjamin Rauhala Courtney Reed Laura Osnes Susan Egan Concerts
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Fakes: Easily and readily produced from " true Antique" plain powder horn which are plentiful. Beware the "Dremel" "What man made can be remade by man!
Dates: Not necessarily a reliable source of age!
*** This is amongst the most challenging area of Kentucky Rifle Fine Art. Identifying an original horn from a contemprary reproduction ( Copy or imitation is the highest of complimments!!) or a fake ( An old plain horn that has been carved or scrimmed for the explicit purpose to deceive or misrepresent it age...Horns often sell for Thousands of Dollars).
The skill of the most talented Contemporary Horners (artisan) can not be overstated and their integrity is usually exemplified by some form of identification on thier art work.
An exercise for the new student/collector to demonstrate the challenge: A Google search for powder horns of any type will produce a response titled "Images." Hundreds of images will show up. If you click on any image, its source will be revealed and the picture often enlarges to a see signicant detail so that the horn can be studied.One can easily see that those exhibited on "Contemporary Makers Blog" are extraordinary but never the less contemporary. Compare those to ones from Museum sites (these as well could be unknowingly not original).Dealers and Auction houses often promote their horns for sale unknowingly, unintentinally as antique. BUYER BEWARE!!!
* Contemporary Horns often are and/or skillfully "Aged"


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The two Titanic replica ships that might never be finished
0 of @RomandiseaTitanic / Facebook
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Stories behind not one, but two full-size Titanic replicas
More than a century after Titanic set sail on her ill-fated maiden voyage, we take a look at two extraordinary projects vying to recreate the iconic doomed ship: Australian billionaire Clive Palmer's Titanic II; and the Unsinkable Titanic, set to be the star attraction at the Romandisea resort in Sichuan, China. But will these projects ever set sail, or are they destined to disappear without trace? Read on to find out. All dollar values in US dollars unless otherwise stated.
1 of PA
Titanic II
In April 2012 Australian mining billionaire Clive Palmer announced his plan to build Titanic II, a pretty much to scale seaworthy reproduction of the unlucky Edwardian ship, at an estimated cost of $500 million (£362m).
2 of Blue Star Line
The Titanic II was billed as a historically accurate copy of the original ocean liner. Palmer and his shipping company Blue Star Line hired a team of historians, including Titanic expert Steve Hall, to help recreate the design of the nine-decked ship and its 840 rooms. Palmer appointed Finnish naval architecture firm Deltamarin to design the structure and German company Hamburg Ship Model Basin to oversee the liner's seaworthy and safety standards.
3 of Seth Wenig/PA
The design was unveiled in February 2013 at several glittering press events worldwide, including a gala bash held aboard the USS Intrepid in New York City and a lavish dinner at London's Natural History Museum.
The modern reproduction will be 13 feet wider and three inches longer than the original Titanic and, with a gross tonnage of 56,000 tonnes, it will be a good 10,000 tonnes heavier than the first ship. Titanic II is expected to comfortably accommodate 2,435 first-, second- and third-class passengers and 473 crew.
If it does ever get built, Titanic II will look uncannily like the original from the outside, but inside it will be 21st century. The new ship will boast state-of-the-art satellite controls, digital navigation, cutting-edge radar systems and modern evacuation procedures.
Likewise, Titanic II will be just as speedy as any modern cruise liner. The original Titanic's coal-fired boilers and old-fashioned steam engines will be replaced by a diesel-electric propulsion system in the modern replica.
Thankfully, the reproduction Titanic will have plenty of those all-important lifeboats. The original liner had just 1,187 lifeboat places yet there was more than double this number of people on board. Titanic II will provide more than enough for all passengers and crew members.
The six-star ocean liner will combine Edwardian grandeur with 21st-century mod cons – cabins and suites will feature all the latest tech and amenities, from Wi-Fi access to luxe en suite bathrooms, and the ship will have a nightclub and helipad.
The famous grand staircase will be replicated in painstaking detail, not to mention the original Titanic's Café Parisien and Verandah Café, its elegant dining saloons, and even the dedicated cigar smoking room.
10 of Blue Star Line
The ship will also feature a fancy Edwardian gymnasium with retro equipment, a copy of the Titanic's swimming pool and a replica of the original liner's ornate Turkish baths, which will operate as the new ship's wellness spa.
Instead of staying true to the original transatlantic Southampton to New York City route, Titanic II's maiden voyage will set sail from Jiangsu, China for a leisurely cruise to Dubai in the United Arab Emirates.
The project hasn't been without its detractors. Relatives of people who perished in the disaster have criticised Titanic II as insensitive and an insult to the memory of the victims. Meanwhile, Cunard Line, the shipping firm that merged with the company that built the original Titanic, is steadfastly against full-size replicas, which it has described as inappropriate and disrespectful.
And it's now become mired in further controversy. Titanic II was initially meant to launch in 2016 but, following a dispute between Palmer's mining company and the Chinese firm Citic, funds were drained from the project, and the completion date was subsequently put back to 2018. However, in 2017 the Supreme Court of Western Australia ruled that Citic had to pay Palmer's mining company AU$150 million ($113m/£82.4m) in unpaid royalties, and as a result the Titanic II project came back to life. In late 2018 Blue Star Line announced construction on the ship had started up again with a new completion date of 2022 revealed.
14 of Courtesy CSC Jingling Shipyard
However, doubts have been cast over whether the ship's construction ever started, let alone restarted after Palmer's legal issues were resolved. China's CSC Jingling Shipyard in Jiangsu was thought to be responsible for building the ship, as reported during an interview segment with Palmer on 60 Minutes Australia in 2013, but in 2018 it was reported that a Blue Star Liner spokesperson stated that the ship was "most likely" to be built in the Northern hemisphere, suggesting that work on the ship had not even begun...
In February 2020 the company indicated via its Facebook page that announcements on the project's status would come later that year, but now two year later no more information has been released yet and our requests for an update have received no replies. As Clive Palmer has presided over a series of grandiose failed projects, including a replica Zeppelin and a Jurassic Park-themed resort, many wonder if the Titanic II will ever come to fruition...
But it's not the only Titanic project in the pipeline. Read on for the story of the Unsinkable Titanic.
16 of Seven Star Energy Investment Group via Twitter @new_titanic
Unsinkable Titanic
Originally billed to launch in October 2017, the Unsinkable Titanic was going to be the star attraction at the Romandisea theme park in Sichuan, China.
17 of Seven Star Energy Investment Group
The project was announced in 2014 to much fanfare at a press conference in Hong Kong, which featured top-name Chinese celebs. Bernard Hill, the actor who played Captain Edward Smith in the 1997 Titanic movie, was even roped in to take part in the event.
Unlike Titanic II, this full-size replica won't go anywhere. A hotel and entertainment complex rather than a cruise ship, the repro luxury liner will be docked permanently in a reservoir within the river Qi.
A far less complex build than Titanic II, the static Unsinkable Titanic is also a much cheaper project. The whole shebang is estimated to cost in the region of $125 million (£90.7m), considerably less than Titanic II's $500 million (£362m) price tag.
Seven Star Energy Investment Group, the company behind the project, enlisted the help of Emmy award-winning production designer Curtis Schnell to nail the design and capture the period feel of the original liner.
But unlike the Titanic II, at least it has been confirmed that construction definitely started. In fact, the beginning of what was meant to be an 11-month long construction project was marked with a keel-laying ceremony and spectacular fireworks display in November 2016. The copycat liner is being built by the Wuchang Shipbuilding Industry Group at its shipyard in Wuhan.
While not a 100% exact replica, Schnell and his team are aiming to get as close to the original as possible. "We are not building every room in the ship, by any means," he says, "but the shell of the ship and the exteriors will be quite accurate."
The most recognisable features of the original ship will be faithfully reproduced, including the grand staircase and dining saloons. There will also be a ballroom, which will be the venue for Edwardian-themed dance events.
The replica ship is being built very much with the 1997 Hollywood movie in mind – the film was a massive success in China and remains extremely popular in the country. Needless to say, the interior will include the fictional boudoir in which Jack sketches Rose without her clothes on.
A third-class ticket on the original Titanic would have set you back as little as $15 (£11) in 1912. A stay on the Unsinkable Titanic won't be quite so cheap – the rate for a third-class room starts at a pricey 3,000 yuan ($456/£330) a night.
Wealthier guests can opt for a premium ticket, which includes a fabulous first-class suite with antique-style furniture and all mod cons. These high-end packages could cost as much as 10,000 yuan ($1,520/£1,100) per night.
A hub of entertainment, the Unsinkable Titanic will feature Vegas-style amusements, cocktail parties in the replica Titanic swimming pool area, and restaurants that will recreate actual dishes served on the doomed liner's maiden voyage.
28 of Everett Historical/Shutterstock
Controversially, the Unsinkable Titanic will feature a sophisticated iceberg simulation, which will recreate conditions on the ship at the moment the original Titanic was struck in the Atlantic Ocean. The simulation will use light and sound to enhance the creepy experience.
29 of @RomandiseaTitanic / Facebook
But the build missed its 2017 completion date, and in February 2019 it was reported that construction was still underway. The latest update came in April 2021 when the project's Facebook account shared photos and videos of the construction site. But while the project's social media accounts have shown that the ship is being built, the project is far from finished and no revised date has been given for its completion, just lots of rumours.
And construction timelines aren't the only issue. As with Titanic II, the Unsinkable Titanic has attracted a number of critics, who feel the project is tasteless and trivialises the tragedy by exploiting it as an entertainment experience. According to Curtis Schnell, however, the project is being developed in "a very respectful way". UK newspapers reported in August 2021 that the ship had been adandoned. We've approached Romandisea for an update several times but no one has responded to us.
30 of The Titanic Museum Attraction
Half-scale Titanic copies
Don't have the patience to hold out for a full-size replica? You can pay a visit to one of America's half-scale Titanic copies. The Titanic Museum in Branson, Missouri and its sister establishment in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee have impressive half-scale reproductions of the iconic liner.
Now read about the music memorabilia that sold for a fortune


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Home / Products / Australian By Nature Royal Jelly Capsules 365's
Australian By Nature Royal Jelly Capsules 365's
Royal jelly is one of natures best kept secrets due to its complex bio-chemical structure and natural abundance of vitamins and minerals.
Royal jelly is often referred to as natures super-food, or in Chinese culture, the Food of the Emperor.
Each Australian by Nature Royal Jelly 1000 mg capsule contains royal jelly (lyophilised powder) equivalent to 600 mg of fresh royal jelly.
Australian by Nature is a wholly Australian owned and operated company supplying beehive products, natural health supplements and complementary medicines to Australia and the world. Established in 1995, it has become one of the market leaders in Australian and New Zealand natural health products.
Due to its geography, Australia's pristine pastures, clear waters and lush forests are isolated from environmental threats and pollutants that exist in other parts of the world. This means, their extensive range of products are second to none, providing their customers with 'the best that nature can supply'.


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الرئيسية » أخبار عاجلة » Sharif Higazy; A Global Citizen, For his socially-conscious entrepreneurship
Sharif Higazy; A Global Citizen, For his socially-conscious entrepreneurship
Source: Canadian Arab Institute
Sharif Higazy is the very definition of a global citizen: when interviewed, he explains that he's been travelling between five different cities in the past 48 hours, including Dubai and London. As an international business expert and entrepreneur, the 37 year old Higazy has spent the last ten years working with clients like Amazon, Google, RBC, and Wal-Mart. "I have developed a unique experience in strategic planning, entrepreneurship, marketing, mentoring, business development, exporting, media and designing innovation ecosystems." It's a CV that would impress most CEOs.
Higazy, who holds a bachelor of international business from Carleton University, started practicing his business skills from a young age. "I participated in a wide variety of entrepreneurial activities in North America and Europe, and several incubation and accelerator programs." While still at Carleton, he was the brains behind Mosaic Productions, an educational project aimed at Muslim children. Higazy went on to launch projects like 320Reality, a video contest that encouraged social entrepreneurs to pitch solutions to challenges faced by North Africa, Turkey and the Middle East, and work for companies like Canon. Now, managing revenue streams of over $100M is all in a day's work.
For Higazy, who has been based in Ottawa for over 15 years, being a global citizen has its benefits. "I walk in Shanghai, Paris, Dubai or any other city in the world and do not feel like a foreigner. You perceive all people as equal humans and you have the skill to break through culture barriers, listen, communicate and do business." His family in Ottawa helps keep him grounded; when he speaks about his three children, he uses words like "amazing" and "wonderful," and his wife Alia El Banna is a professor of international business at Carleton University. And he's just as passionate in his off-hours as he is in business. He currently gives his time to the Canadian Cancer Society, and in the past, he's spoken about his business experience at conferences all over the world.
Today, Higazy casts his business leader's eye across the Canadian Arab community. "The Arab and Canadian cultures are rich, and there are many positive values to help an entrepreneur advance. It is time to realize that critical thinking, innovation and entrepreneurship are not a luxury; they are a necessity." He looks up to people who think outside the box, especially social entrepreneurs "who use creativity to address societal change." For Higazy, social change is just one more thing on his always-expanding CV.
Alia El Banna Carleton University people RBC	2015-05-11
السابق Dubai; Melting Pot
التالي UN battle to 'shame' Israel over abuse of children
اعلنت دولة الامارات العربية المتحدة انها ستستثمر 35 مليار دولار في الطاقة النظيفة بحلول عام …


Without wanting to fall into a journalistic tic of once again selling this track as so distinctive, so different etc (a tic I can't kick even if I felt so inclined) this song stands out among other reggae songs, as it does within Campbell's oeuvre for the expressive quality of his voice.
Campbell is well-known for the sweetness of his singing, with some suggesting he is the greatest among his contemporaries, many of whom similarly sang in a soft style. On this track there is something so exposed, so plaintive it's closer to the delivery of a Soul singer it seems to me. This impression comes from the song's dramatic opening and then reinforced by the way he sings certain words, adding a syllable almost ("dread" and "yeah"), thereby making the words sound fragile. It's almost as if you can hear his breath within them. Note too the way his voice is at the very start, of everything. The song begins with his voice, as I wrote about the other C.S. "Coxsone" Dodd production for Carlton and the Shoes, starting a song with the singer enmeshed in the music is atypical in terms of most songs that came out of Jamaica at that time. Most often the band would begin for the singer to come in later.
The music by the Brentford Rockers provides the perfect foundations: the highly sibilant drums, the bass line deep in the mix, before the guitars come in changing the mood, allowing for an upbeat feel. Even Campbell's vocals become jaunty one minute in, moving away from the previously introspective nature of it.
Here's the extremely simple, even basic dub version that came out under the name "Natty Rub A Dub" on the b-side (as Campbell and the Brentford Rockers, elsewhere they recorded under the name Brentford All Stars) - and another version, which is just-about music only. Check out this other version, which sounds like an entirely different recording, much sharper and with a bouncy, almost Flamenco-style guitar.
Compare the song with this similarly stunning Campbell-penned song featuring Sly Dunbar and Robbie Shakespeare from 1985. No better pick-you-up, burst of optimism and faith than this music and then the final section is one more example of how superb the musicianship of artists from that era was, generally.
"Sly Dunbar and Robbie Shakespeare provide the steaming rhythm, Roy Cousins the excellent production, and Cornell Campbell the superb vocals for this rousing and inspirational number from 1985.
Ragga was about to engulf the reggae world, but "Jah Jah Give Us Love" was one final, brilliant reminder of the cultural age it was about to bury. Like a shooting star, the riddim rockets across the grooves, its core Dunbar's solid beats and Shakespeare's fast padding bass line. Trailing in their incendiary wake is the sharp rhythm guitar, glorious keyboards, ebullient organ, and the haunting lead guitar flourishes so beloved in the roots age.
Thinking about the lyrics then, they are easily what make the song for me. Something about their ambiguity comes through the version by the South African singer, Margaret Singana, who was known as 'Lady Africa' (here's some info on her background, career and discography). The uncertain perspective comes from the central premise of who was 'wronged' (to use an old-fashioned word) and how.
Within the canon of soul/R&B and funk/disco this perspective is truly original. Most of the time it's a woman or man singing about how she/he discovered her partner with another and works through how they will react (disco/funk songs often take another path, frequently riffing on notions of attraction and attractiveness). This performance feels deeper, more primal linked to a profound betrayal.
Singana's rendition has a remarkable internal quality to it, especially in the way she under-sings, keeping it low in a way that is extremely powerful. She is not singing out of her outrage as most singers do when covering the song, basing it on shock to the ego (how could you do it to me?) but invokes something else. The nature of the blow is so hard, so unexpected that it affects her entire sense of self.
Yet this betrayal is never spelled-out and laid out for our edification and entertainment - Singana's performance is private, secretive. Reinforcing this impression, the 10 seconds from around 2'08" when the music goes quiet is pure brilliance.
Here's a live performance of Singana singing her 80s hit, 'Hamba Bekhile' (We are Growing) which was the theme song for the TV series Shaka Zulu and in a surprising quirk of history reached the top of the charts in … Holland.
With its cosmic-sounds at the start (that return at the end) you can see why the song received the adjective psychedelic. Funk and soul also make sense but the most interesting for me is the disco appellation. Around 2'30" the song that had until then been a loose soul-inflected groove enacts the exposed percussion style that typifies a disco song, but the rest of the band plays on (albeit more subtly). It's a fresh-take on the classic disco tic of allowing the drums, or bass take the floor by themselves as the other instruments look on, so to speak.
There's lots to like about this song that seems barely remembered 40 years on, the clapping beat/the 'hey!' the singer's self-assurance and verve and the sweet and simple lyrics.


Grand-Hôtel du Cap-Ferrat Want to sleep in the same spot where the likes of great historic figures like Elizabeth Taylor and Pablo Picasso have laid their heads? Then head to the epitome of Cote d'Azur glamor, Four Seasons' Grand-Hôtel du Cap-Ferrat.
Planning a trip to one of the planet's busiest and most visited cities can be challenging. With Paris' many festive holidays, a wide array of sights and activities, and over 30 million visitors yearly, it is hard to decide when to book those tickets.


text:
Retired Judge William G. Connelly Joins JAMS in Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C. – JAMS, the largest private provider of mediation and arbitration services worldwide, today announced the addition of Hon. William G. Connelly (Ret.) to its panel. Judge Connelly will be based in the JAMS Washington, D.C. Resolution Center and serve as an arbitrator, mediator and special master in a variety of disputes including Business/Commercial, Construction, Employment, Insurance, Personal Injury/Torts and Professional Liability.
Judge Connelly joins JAMS after more than 22 years of distinguished service as a Magistrate Judge for the United States District Court of Maryland. During his time on the bench, Judge Connelly presided over more than 1,800 settlement conferences and tried a number of bench and jury trials.
An expert at settlement, Judge Connelly gained a reputation for professionalism, preparation and patience. His use of common sense and demonstrated respect for all involved followed him throughout his career both on the bench and in private practice.
Judge Connelly was often praised for being one of the hardest working judges on the bench who listened carefully to every detail until the matter resolved.
"Judge Connelly is highly regarded for his fair, pragmatic and creative approach to each matter," said Chris Poole, JAMS president and CEO. "We're thrilled to have him join us."
"I have a passion for helping others find resolution in their important matters and I look forward to starting this next chapter in my career," said Judge Connelly.
Judge Connelly received his B.A. from University of Maryland and his J.D. from University of Maryland School of Law. He also earned a Masters of Laws from Georgetown University Law Center.
William G. Connelly


How are you? Here's all good, the sun has finally arrived and I've been enjoying it with all my soul.
Last weekend I was talking to a friend of mine about makeup and what we use when we need some coverage. We are both always in a hurry so she normally wears makeup on the eyes only, while I'm the kind of person that only wears a good base instead. She generally opts for mascara and kajal, while I prefer to grab a BB cream, concealer, blush, a little bit of powder and a highlighter. Or, if I'm late, just some BB cream and a lipstick, that's it. I'd say we both stand in the middle of two extremes: those who feel like they need to wear a full face makeup every day and those who don't even own a lipstick. But why is there such a difference in how women use makeup and is it really just a question of confidence or are there other factors involved?
The first thing that came to my mind is habits. We normally grow up following the example of other women such as our mom, a friend, a YouTuber that teach us how they use makeup. With time, we learn from them and start performing the same ritual every morning. If you fast-forward a couple of years, we are still performing the same actions without giving it too much thought – we've developed a habit now, a number of actions we perform almost automatically and that is very difficult to break. I assume that what we consider the basic makeup we wear before stepping our feet out of the house depends on this morning habit we've developed through the years. If I think about myself, my mom would rarely wear makeup and when she did, she used a very natural bronzer that came in a small terracotta vase, full of little colourful pearls (similar to the famous Guerlain powder).
However, it can also be that our environment determines what is the minimum makeup standard we should wear. If every single woman at your workplace wears a full makeup look, then it's highly probable you'll do the same within a few months time. It's part of being humans, that is, social animals who live and interact in societies. We need to make friends to be happy and productive, we are also most likely to make friends to people who are similar to us and our brains know that so we try to fit in hoping those around us will like us more. When I was in Australia, all I would wear was a solar cream because that was all I needed to make friends on the beach, while in Italy I would normally go for a nice base and a light eyeshadow.
Another factor I've only started to consider recently is age. I myself have started to see my skin is not as beautiful, soft and hydrated as it was a couple of years ago. Thanks to all those filters we use nowadays on photos and here I'm guilty as charged we are way more conscious about it so we try to add a gentle touch of makeup to still look what in our minds is defined as good. It would be interesting to understand who is it that provides us with a definition of what is a good look and what it is not. Is it us, women? Is it Instagram? Is it our environment? Is it men? I'd say women and in particular those we interact with.
A colleague of mine mentioned she thinks we dress up and makeup for other women to like us, maybe that's true and we are all judges to some extent.
At a psychological level, I don't think we wear makeup just to feel more confident. My assumption would be that by now we know we are more powerful when we wear it. Some years ago a girl carried out a very interesting experiment: she asked merchants to give her what they were selling for free with the excuse she wasn't carrying any money on her and she tried with and without wearing makeup. The results reflected how wearing makeup made a huge difference: merchants were more likely to give her their products for free if she was wearing makeup. If you do a quick search on YouTube, you'll find several experiments have been conducted to prove this point.
It's not a mystery that people will find us more successful, nice or powerful if we wear makeup and I believe we do use this piece of information accordingly. I remember my art teacher in high school told us she used to wear makeup when she was angry at someone because it made her feel stronger. I wear makeup for important events as well as when I want to feel more confident. In my case I'd say I enjoy a double effect: I feel more powerful and I'm perceived as such, it would be interesting to know whether I am perceived as powerful because I act differently as I'm feeling stronger or the other way around.
My last point here is related to boundaries and limits. There is no makeup standard for everyone but we can all tell when someone has gone too far down the line or when they could have used some more. I assume we all judge on the basis of our experience and background, but if there was a golden rule, what would that be? On the one side, we have a positive psychological effect: we feel better, stronger and people like us more. On the other side, the damage that makeup can cause to the skin tissues is undeniable and serious. Our skins can't just soak makeup products every day like a sponge, though when our favourite influencer shows us the long list of makeup products she uses, we all feel we need some more. I'd say I try to use natural products during the week and only wear a full makeup for special events and parties as a general rule – and apply masks and creams afterwards. Do you have a golden rule as well?
In conclusion, makeup can be a daunting topic of conversation and understanding the reasons why we use it is extremely interesting as it can tell us a lot about the person we are talking to. I'd be curious to know what are your thoughts about it and why do you use it as well!
Previous articleMy lifeWHAT WOULD I DO IF...?
Thank you for sharing, I'm glad you liked it!


text:
Fratta Polesine is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about  southwest of Venice and about  southwest of Rovigo. Its main attraction is Andrea Palladio's Villa Badoer.

Fratta Polesine is the birthplace of the Italian socialist politician Giacomo Matteotti, opponent of Fascism.

Twin towns
  Tulcea, Romania
 Conversano, Italy
 Trecenta, Italy
 Recanati, Italy
 Palazzolo Acreide, Italy

See also
Frattesina

References

External links

 Official website

Cities and towns in Veneto

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Apache POI formula evaluation not working for Excel IF I am running into an odd problem with POI and the formulate evaluator.  I have done this plenty of time, but for some reason the following formula fails and gives me a headache.
Formula:  =IF(B12=0, B9, 0)
In the case of my sheet, B12 is zero and B9 is actually a filled in number.
When I attempt to check for switch(cell.getCachedFormulaResultType())
the cell type comes back as CELL_TYPE_STRING.  However the richstringvalue is null.
I then attempt to perform a calculation via:
   FormulaEvaluator evaluator =         cell.getSheet().getWorkbook().getCreationHelper().createFormulaEvaluator();

but get a: XmlValueDisconnectedException.
According to the list of supported functions, IF, should be trivial.
Can anyone offer any other suggestion, I am stumped and the exception is meaningless :(
The trace:
org.apache.xmlbeans.impl.values.XmlValueDisconnectedException
    at org.apache.xmlbeans.impl.values.XmlObjectBase.check_orphaned(XmlObjectBase.java:1244)
    at org.openxmlformats.schemas.spreadsheetml.x2006.main.impl.CTDefinedNameImpl.getName(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFName.getNameName(XSSFName.java:133)
    at org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFEvaluationWorkbook.getName(XSSFEvaluationWorkbook.java:84)

A: I had a similar problem.
In my case, I was invoking workbook.write() before invoking FormulaEvaluator.
Issue got resolved after the sequence is swapped.
Working Code:
FormulaEvaluator formulaEvaluator = workbook.getCreationHelper().createFormulaEvaluator();
formulaEvaluator.evaluateAll();

workbook.write(fileOutputStream);

Problematic Code:
workbook.write(fileOutputStream);

FormulaEvaluator formulaEvaluator = workbook.getCreationHelper().createFormulaEvaluator();
formulaEvaluator.evaluateAll();

A: Add xmlbeans jar file which is in poi library folders.

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A stylish sports console with the perfomance to match.
The Vogue 5.5m is a sports console that ticks all the boxes for fishermen and families alike and is capable of handling any conditions that come its way!
With heaps of cabin space and storage, the Vogue is also customisable to suit your style and needs, with plenty of optional extras available.
Whether it's day trips with the family or an offshore fishing adventure, this boat can do it all.


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text:
Risultati
 11^ in A2.

Rosa
Elenco dei giocatori della Volley Cagliari nella stagione 2006/07.

Volley Cagliari
Cagliari


Providing professional gardening services in Birkenshaw and surrounding the areas for over 17 years.
Barkers Grounds & Gardens provide a complete gardening service in Kirklees, Bradford and Leeds.
Established in 2000 we have over 17 years experiance in all aspects of garden work. We maintain gardens ranging from small townhouse courtyards to large estates, communal areas and commercial buildings. We are fully insured and all our estimates are free.
We provide a range of professional gardening services and grounds maintenance for commercial and domestic clients.
All of our hedges are cut to a high standard. We ensure our equipment is regulary serviced, to provide the best possible job.
We provide both a weekly and fortnightly grass service, no garden is too big or too small.
Our team are fully qualified to carry out all tree work, pruning, felling, lifting, crown reduction. We will also liase with local authorites and get permission to work on trees with a protection order.
Let us come in and give your garden spruce up for summer!
We can provide logs all year round, we have both soft and hardwoods avaliable.
If you would like a quotation please contact us by either calling, emailing or completing our enquiry form and we will be in touch shortly.


to that, the MatrixXf object stores its number of rows and columns as member variables. What Makes raci Useful? Thank you for your help, shacktar! 6, contents assigning Key responsibility roles (raci model) edit RResponsible, AAccountable, CConsulted, IInformed Responsible (also Recommender ) Those who do the work to complete the task. Raci-VS edit This is an expanded version 6 of the standard raci, with two additional participation types: Verifier Those who check whether the product meets the acceptance criteria set forth in the product description. In, eigen, all matrices and vectors are objects of the. Used to its potential, everyone wins. Rasi edit This is an alternative version 11 12 of the standard raci, foregoing the consulted participation and replacing it with: Support Resources which play a supporting role in implementation. It seems to make sense that the signatory should be the party being accountable for its success. To use raci effectively make sure to have: One accountable per task. Mikes, Joe; Denton, Tara (2011). Recommenders should consider all input, but they don't have to reflect every point of view in the final recommendation. Here is what your project delegation looks like with raci.
Approver One or more approver s who make most project decisions. Informed Identify who is informed that the work has been done buttons or will be started drasci edit A variant of rasci developed by three Whitehall theorists Kane. So this is legal, and are responsible if scholarship it fails. N Without dynamic memory allocation, so must be handled as a runtime variable.
Accountable Who is making writing decisions and taking actions on the tasks. Int ColsAtCompileTime toi Scalar is the scalar type. Tiziana 2010, typically subject matter experts, matrix are. Mike is accountable, and with whom there is twoway communication. Working with this matrix can lead to confusion about required actions. Depending on the setup of the project team. T report to you, and Jess needs to be consulted with as her feature will integrate with Johns.
Accountable The person/function ultimately answerable for the correct and thorough completion of the deliverable or task, and often the one who delegates the work to the performer.The distinction between Driver and Support lies in that the former reinforces and clarifies the parameters of the task on behalf of those who are Accountable, while the latter refers to those who help those who are Responsible in reaching a given goal.Support Identify who is involved to provide support to the work.


text:
Columbus hosting Major League Pickleball tournament with largest purse to date
by: Kristine Varkony
Posted: Oct 14, 2022 / 05:22 PM EDT
Updated: Oct 15, 2022 / 07:21 AM EDT
COLUMBUS, Ohio (WCMH)– Major League Pickleball is in Columbus this weekend as the city hosts the tournament with the league's largest ever purse: $100,000.
The Columbus team, aptly named "The Bus" hopes to bring it home.
"I love our chances," said team owner David Kass. "We made a couple of offseason moves between this event and the last one. We made a trade, and we have just an unbelievable group of players in terms of their character and also their abilities. We think this team is going to gel for this event and hopefully, the home team brings home the title."
The tournament's first round got underway Friday morning at Pickle and Chill on West Henderson Road. It's a three-day event that pits 48 players on 12 MLP teams against each other. The finals get broadcasted live Sunday night on national TV.
High school football scores and highlights for Week 9
Pickleball is described as a "mashup of tennis, badminton, and ping-pong," and Forbes said it is the fastest-growing sport in America. The sport originated in the Pacific Northwest in the 1960s. And Cass, who is also the owner of the Pickle and Chill complex, says he doesn't see the momentum slowing down.
"100% guarantee there will be NCAA teams, high school teams, junior high teams, women's, men's recreation teams… sooner than later, I think," Kass said.
Columbus is ahead of the curve as one of the first 12 cities in the country to have an MLP team. Now, big names such as Tom Brady and LeBron James are getting in on a piece of the pie (or pickle?).
Guardians rally past Yankees 4-2 in 10 innings, tie ALDS 1-1
"When I first started playing 5-6 years ago, I would tell people, 'Oh, I've been playing a little bit of pickleball,' and they would kind of ignore it or be like, 'I've never heard of it,'" said The Bus team member Wesley Burrows. "And now, I'm getting messages every day like, 'Did you see Tom Brady bought a team? Did you see LeBron James is doing that? Isn't this your sport? Isn't this your league?'"
Kass adds that this momentum is not just for the pros, but for anyone looking to pick up a new activity.
"Men, women, kids… all levels, all ages, genders, etc. There's a really low barrier for entry. All you need for $20. You can get a racket and a ball and go play," Kass said.
This is Pickle and Chill's first event as a pickleball venue. They are doing more renovations, Kass said, and plan to open to the public in November.
CLICK HERE for the tournament schedule and information on free tickets.
BestReviews / 3 mins ago
U.S. & World / 12 hours ago
Police dog sniffs out fentanyl along Ohio drug route
Ross County / 2 days ago
See inside Columbus' newest senior living community


text:
namespace extensions {

LazyBackgroundTaskQueue::LazyBackgroundTaskQueue(
    content::BrowserContext* browser_context)
    : browser_context_(browser_context), extension_registry_observer_(this) {
  registrar_.Add(this,
                 extensions::NOTIFICATION_EXTENSION_HOST_DID_STOP_FIRST_LOAD,
                 content::NotificationService::AllBrowserContextsAndSources());
  registrar_.Add(this,
                 extensions::NOTIFICATION_EXTENSION_HOST_DESTROYED,
                 content::NotificationService::AllBrowserContextsAndSources());

  extension_registry_observer_.Add(ExtensionRegistry::Get(browser_context));
}

LazyBackgroundTaskQueue::~LazyBackgroundTaskQueue() {
}

// static
LazyBackgroundTaskQueue* LazyBackgroundTaskQueue::Get(
    content::BrowserContext* browser_context) {
  return LazyBackgroundTaskQueueFactory::GetForBrowserContext(browser_context);
}

bool LazyBackgroundTaskQueue::ShouldEnqueueTask(
    content::BrowserContext* browser_context,
    const Extension* extension) {
  // Note: browser_context may not be the same as browser_context_ for incognito
  // extension tasks.
  DCHECK(extension);
  if (BackgroundInfo::HasBackgroundPage(extension)) {
    ProcessManager* pm = ProcessManager::Get(browser_context);
    ExtensionHost* background_host =
        pm->GetBackgroundHostForExtension(extension->id());
    if (!background_host || !background_host->has_loaded_once())
      return true;
    if (pm->IsBackgroundHostClosing(extension->id()))
      pm->CancelSuspend(extension);
  }

  return false;
}

void LazyBackgroundTaskQueue::AddPendingTask(
    content::BrowserContext* browser_context,
    const std::string& extension_id,
    const PendingTask& task) {
  if (ExtensionsBrowserClient::Get()->IsShuttingDown()) {
    task.Run(NULL);
    return;
  }
  PendingTasksList* tasks_list = NULL;
  PendingTasksKey key(browser_context, extension_id);
  PendingTasksMap::iterator it = pending_tasks_.find(key);
  if (it == pending_tasks_.end()) {
    tasks_list = new PendingTasksList();
    pending_tasks_[key] = base::WrapUnique(tasks_list);

    const Extension* extension =
        ExtensionRegistry::Get(browser_context)->enabled_extensions().GetByID(
            extension_id);
    if (extension && BackgroundInfo::HasLazyBackgroundPage(extension)) {
      // If this is the first enqueued task, and we're not waiting for the
      // background page to unload, ensure the background page is loaded.
      ProcessManager* pm = ProcessManager::Get(browser_context);
      pm->IncrementLazyKeepaliveCount(extension);
      // Creating the background host may fail, e.g. if |profile| is incognito
      // but the extension isn't enabled in incognito mode.
      if (!pm->CreateBackgroundHost(
            extension, BackgroundInfo::GetBackgroundURL(extension))) {
        task.Run(NULL);
        return;
      }
    }
  } else {
    tasks_list = it->second.get();
  }

  tasks_list->push_back(task);
}

void LazyBackgroundTaskQueue::ProcessPendingTasks(
    ExtensionHost* host,
    content::BrowserContext* browser_context,
    const Extension* extension) {
  if (!ExtensionsBrowserClient::Get()->IsSameContext(browser_context,
                                                     browser_context_))
    return;

  PendingTasksKey key(browser_context, extension->id());
  PendingTasksMap::iterator map_it = pending_tasks_.find(key);
  if (map_it == pending_tasks_.end()) {
    if (BackgroundInfo::HasLazyBackgroundPage(extension))
      CHECK(!host);  // lazy page should not load without any pending tasks
    return;
  }

  // Swap the pending tasks to a temporary, to avoid problems if the task
  // list is modified during processing.
  PendingTasksList tasks;
  tasks.swap(*map_it->second);
  for (PendingTasksList::const_iterator it = tasks.begin();
       it != tasks.end(); ++it) {
    it->Run(host);
  }

  pending_tasks_.erase(key);

  // Balance the keepalive in AddPendingTask. Note we don't do this on a
  // failure to load, because the keepalive count is reset in that case.
  if (host && BackgroundInfo::HasLazyBackgroundPage(extension)) {
    ProcessManager::Get(browser_context)
        ->DecrementLazyKeepaliveCount(extension);
  }
}

void LazyBackgroundTaskQueue::Observe(
    int type,
    const content::NotificationSource& source,
    const content::NotificationDetails& details) {
  switch (type) {
    case extensions::NOTIFICATION_EXTENSION_HOST_DID_STOP_FIRST_LOAD: {
      // If an on-demand background page finished loading, dispatch queued up
      // events for it.
      ExtensionHost* host =
          content::Details<ExtensionHost>(details).ptr();
      if (host->extension_host_type() == VIEW_TYPE_EXTENSION_BACKGROUND_PAGE) {
        CHECK(host->has_loaded_once());
        ProcessPendingTasks(host, host->browser_context(), host->extension());
      }
      break;
    }
    case extensions::NOTIFICATION_EXTENSION_HOST_DESTROYED: {
      // Notify consumers about the load failure when the background host dies.
      // This can happen if the extension crashes. This is not strictly
      // necessary, since we also unload the extension in that case (which
      // dispatches the tasks below), but is a good extra precaution.
      content::BrowserContext* browser_context =
          content::Source<content::BrowserContext>(source).ptr();
      ExtensionHost* host =
           content::Details<ExtensionHost>(details).ptr();
      if (host->extension_host_type() == VIEW_TYPE_EXTENSION_BACKGROUND_PAGE) {
        ProcessPendingTasks(NULL, browser_context, host->extension());
      }
      break;
    }
    default:
      NOTREACHED();
      break;
  }
}

void LazyBackgroundTaskQueue::OnExtensionUnloaded(
    content::BrowserContext* browser_context,
    const Extension* extension,
    UnloadedExtensionInfo::Reason reason) {
  // Notify consumers that the page failed to load.
  ProcessPendingTasks(NULL, browser_context, extension);
  // If this extension is also running in an off-the-record context, notify that
  // task queue as well.
  ExtensionsBrowserClient* browser_client = ExtensionsBrowserClient::Get();
  if (browser_client->HasOffTheRecordContext(browser_context)) {
    ProcessPendingTasks(NULL,
                        browser_client->GetOffTheRecordContext(browser_context),
                        extension);
  }
}

}  // namespace extensions

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub