Click here to view last year cover featuring Stella Tennant, here to view 2014 cover featuring Christy Turlington, here to view 2013 cover featuring Helena Bonham Carter, here to view 2012 cover featuring Rachel Weisz, here for 2011 cover with Vanessa Paradis, here for 2010 cover with Cameron Diaz, and here for 2009 cover with Julianne Moore.
Yes, we know that her face looks weird. Photoshopped much?
Click here to view last year cover featuring Helena Christensen and here for 2010 cover featuring Rosie Huntington-Whiteley.
It has been quite a year for Harper's Bazaar UK because they gave us a very great covers! Actresses, singer and models graced their covers this years with most of them shot by Alexi Lubomirski, Cedric Buchet and Paola Kudacki.
I personally loved quite a numbers for this year's selection. I love Julianne Moore's minimalist February cover as she was shot by Paola Kudacki. I love the hazy May cover of Jennifer Aniston by Alexi Lubomirski and the June cover where they featured Cheryl Cole with a big bouncy hair lensed also by Alexi Lubomirski. September (click here to see the subscriber cover) issue,they featured Gisele Bindchen shot by Cedric Buchet also on my list of favourite Harper's Bazaar UK covers along with the newsstands cover of Karen Elson for their October cover, also by the Wimbledon born photographer Alexi Lubomirski (he also the boyfriend of model Jacqueeta Wheeler).
And they closed the year with my the stunning black and gold cover shot by Michelangelo di Battista and the subscriber cover where Natalia play the role as Joan of Arc lensed by Dinos Chapman.
The rest of the year we have Scarlett Johansson for January by Alexi Lubomirski, supermodel Cindy Crawford for March by Paris based photographer Cedric Buchet, Megan Fox for April by Paola Kudacki, Vanessa Paradis for July by Cedric Buchet, Marion Cotillard for August also by Cedric Buchet, and last but not least Renee Zellweger for November by Alexi Lubomirski.
Thanks to TFS for the montage.


ESSEX -- Connecticut state police say a man who shot his ex-girlfriend's new boyfriend and kidnapped her killed himself as a trooper approached his car in Essex.
State police have not released the name of the man who they say shot himself Sunday morning while in his car on Route 154.
Troopers say the suspect man shot the other man Saturday evening in Westbrook. Police say the victim is in stable condition at Yale-New Haven Hospital with multiple gunshot wounds. His name was not released.
The woman told police that she and her current boyfriend were in a car in Westbrook when her ex-boyfriend shot the other man and forced her out of the vehicle. She told police she escaped in Essex, and she was not injured.
The medical examiner's office will be performing an autopsy.


Below is a list of a few of the services we can offer to those who need them. Everyone's situation is different, but we try to help everyone who contacts us. We are not professional counselors,(but we can help find one for you), we do not give legal advice, and we do not charge any fees for any reason. We are a group of understanding people who want to help others rebuild their lives after life altering circumstances have happened to them, whether it was self inflicted or not.
4. Proactive work with legislators on points of law and changes to current laws and regulations.
* Third party fees may apply for licensed professionals.
** No fees apply. Work is considered to be volunteer, non licensed, and non binding.
*** If and when available.


text:
What's next for California container recycling after rePlanet's closure?
Katie Pyzyk Contributor
rePlanet
The recent announcement that California's largest operator of beverage container redemption centers was immediately shutting down all locations has left many wondering what happens next with recycling in the state.
Earlier this month, rePlanet suddenly closed all 284 of its recycling centers and terminated 750 employees. In a statement, the company named reduced payments from the state, depressed pricing for scrap aluminum and PET plastic, and higher operating costs due to labor changes as contributing factors.
This came after rePlanet had already closed 191 recycling centers in January 2016. Until this month, the ones that remained made up about 19% of all California beverage container recycling centers. Now, that total stands at 1,225, according to the California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle).
Many recycling advocates believe California's redemption program is so inherently broken it drove rePlanet and others out of business. CalRecycle says it has taken action to aid recyclers, but supporters are calling on both the agency and state legislators to do more to prevent a possible system-wide collapse.
"We have quite the emergency crisis here," Susan Collins, president of the Container Recycling Institute (CRI), told Waste Dive.
California's Beverage Container Recycling Program, or bottle bill, passed in 1986 and took effect in 1987. Consumers can return their bottles and cans to participating recycling centers and receive California Redemption Value (CRV) – a nickel or dime, depending on the size – for each qualifying item. The CRV for bottles recycled through curbside collection is redeemed by haulers and taken into consideration during contract negotiations with municipalities.
CalRecycle oversees the program, which has resulted in more than 300 billion containers being recycled since it began. The state's beverage container recycling rate has increased from 53% at the inception to a high of 85% in 2013 as a result. It has dipped below 80% in the years since, with many blaming recycling center closures.
California's bottle bill also established "convenience zones" to ensure consumers can access the privately owned and operated recycling centers throughout the state. When a recycling center closes, nearby supermarkets are supposed to provide in-store bottle redemption or pay a $100 per day fee to waive their responsibilities.
A recycling center closure triggers a 90-day process to return a convenience zone to "served" status, during which time CalRecycle determines if other recycling centers already exist in the zone. If not, all beverage retailers in the zone receive notice they must begin redeeming containers or pay to opt out. That's the process retailers affected by the rePlanet closure are in right now, according to CalRecycle spokesperson Lance Klug.
Despite this longstanding framework, changes in packaging composition and market values have affected CRV recyclers in recent years.
Aluminum has traditionally carried the program since its inception and was once the most prominent type of container collected. Lately, both the material's value and quantity are taking hits. Plastic has become more predominant, but it's worth less than aluminum due to factors including lower oil prices that make virgin products more desirable for some manufacturers.
"Even aluminum, which still retains value, is worth about 40% less than it was three years ago," Klug said.
Product lightweighting over the past couple decades has led to thinner aluminum sheet used in manufacturing, and the average aluminum can weighs 40% less than it did in 1972. As a result, recyclers must collect more individual items to achieve the same scrap weight as in the past.
Plus, earlier this year Arconic Inc. (formerly Alcoa Inc.) transitioned its Knoxville, Tenn. can aluminum sheet production facility to automotive and industrial sheet. This mirrored recent moves by other aluminum production companies such as Novelis.
"[Arconic] had been taking 14% of the aluminum cans that were recycled in the U.S. When they stopped taking that, it threw the supply and demand relationship out of whack [and] aluminum can prices dropped pretty much overnight," CRI's Collins said. "The average redemption center is getting $3,000 a month less revenue ... just due to this one thing."
These changes, combined with the recycling industry's broader economic challenges, have led to more recycling centers closing in recent years – beyond just rePlanet locations.
Bottle bill update legislation was vetoed in 2018 and has stalled this year
State (in)action
Amid these stresses, California's state officials have been pressured to find a solution. The politics remain complex and clear progress has been hard to find in recent years.
Last year, the state legislature passed SB 452 as a short-term bottle law fix. It included elements such as increasing recycling center subsidies and allocating $3 million in surplus funds to create recycling opportunities in underserved areas.
Then-Gov. Jerry Brown vetoed the bill, saying in a letter it was inconsistent with the administration's program modernization principles, and he wouldn't approve legislation that didn't include "fiscal sustainability, improved collection and incentives for innovative recycling."
Protect CRV, a trade association formed in 2018 by rePlanet and others, supported the bill. Still, Executive Director Jenna Abbott agreed with Brown at the time that the bill fell short of addressing certain necessary aspects.
According to Jamie Court, president of Consumer Watchdog, the veto wasn't entirely surprising considering "the measure was garbage and not a full fix."
Consumer Watchdog and Protect CRV are among the groups that say recycling center closures not only hurt the recycling industry, but also consumers. Plus, Consumer Watchdog says the broken system means consumers only are getting half of their deposit money back.
"Many people need those nickels and dimes back – people on fixed incomes like senior citizens, single parents [and] people on the edges of society," Abbott told Waste Dive. "And it's more environmentally conscious to redeem [bottles] that way because it provides the cleanest stream of material that's most likely to be recycled … With curbside, the container may or may not be recycled, depending on contamination."
Bottles collected through redemption programs are considered orders of magnitude cleaner than those collected curbside, thus the two streams typically don't go through the same processing facilities. That makes it a non-viable option to simply encourage the public to put their bottles in curbside bins to keep recovery rates up amid the wave of recycling center closures. For example, according to Collins, the facilities currently accepting PET from the CRV program would be overwhelmed with contamination if they suddenly shifted to curbside material.
As stakeholders look for a more lasting fix, CalRecycle and the state legislature have become popular targets. Protect CRV said it and other groups have long warned about the program's issues, and they say rePlanet's closure shouldn't have happened.
"They should have known, based on their reports and looking at subsidies they've provided and how much they've fallen … [that] they were squeezing the industry to the point of extinction," Abbott said.
Legislators did introduce a new version of the vetoed bill this year, SB 724, but it has since stalled and California's legislative session wraps next month.
"We've heard a lot of talk. There's been legislation to try to prop up California's lagging redemption centers … and every single time it has been quashed," said Abbott. "I think it's time for us to take a look at why that's happening."
Supporters have raised concerns about how the wave of facility closures could affect residents
Jenna Abbott
As the finger pointing continues, CalRecycle is pushing back on the fresh wave of scrutiny from outside groups.
"CalRecycle has taken action and we're going to continue to work with the legislature and other stakeholders to go from here," Klug said.
The agency reports already receiving numerous inquiries from other operators potentially interested in opening new recycling centers at former rePlanet locations. It also claims to have stepped up enforcement of beverage container retailers and conducting more random inspections. Still, critics say the increased enforcement might not be strong enough to force retailers into compliance.
Across the board, recycling advocacy groups want to see more action.
Consumer Watchdog is among those calling for a leadership change at CalRecycle and increased grocery retail enforcement. Upper Room Consulting President Leonard Lang, a longtime fixture in the CRV sector, joins those who desire structural changes to the two subsidies recycling centers receive. He views them as inadequate overall and particularly bloated for select centers.
Two of CRI's suggestions include expanding the types of containers collected to include wine and spirits and raising the deposit on existing containers. Protect CRV shares those ideas and additionally requests that CalRecycle and state legislators infuse at least $10 million of surplus funds to support existing recycling centers, encourage start-up growth and compel beverage manufacturers to bear their share of the cost of the containers.
CalRecycle's Klug cited packaging reform efforts taking place within the state, including a push to require recycled content in products, as a way to increase demand. Recycling advocates say that's a good start, but they believe passing recycled content legislation without reforming the bottle bill will cause further trouble.
"We can't have a system where we're taking the material away... and at the same time require the beverage companies to use that material," CRI's Collins said. "They wouldn't have the supply they need."
In the meantime, the CRV program does allow for two different recycling center subsidies. CalRecycle has used emergency regulation to adjust one subsidy to yield a 16% profit margin for rural centers and 11% margin for urban centers. The agency has faced criticism for not raising the subsidies more, but it says the amounts are defined by defined by statute. Some disagree.
"CalRecycle has it completely in its power to pay the redemption centers more money right now via emergency regulation," said Consumer Watchdog's Court. "They've done it in the past. All they have to do is raise the rate ... to save these centers."
Gov. Gavin Newsom's recently approved budget contained $5 million in temporary assistance to the state's lowest-volume recyclers. The funds will be distributed to roughly 416 recycling centers at $1,000 a month for 12 months. The first recipients will be determined on September 1, and funding each month could vary.
Beyond short-term financial subsidies and emergency regulations, others argue a much deeper fix is needed to keep recyclers afloat.
"No more emergency regulations, forever," Lang said. "The burden that CalRecycle and the legislature has allowed to be built into this program needs to be taken out and streamlined."
Lang says the state is caught up in bureaucracy and archaic rulemaking procedures that result in inaction at CalRecycle. Plus, the outdated process causes leaders to ignore recyclers' rights, such as regulatory clarity and not imposing excessive burden on industry participants.
"It's the management of the program that's in trouble," he said. "Until that's dealt with — the entrenched bureaucracy and how to ensure that it's more self-correcting — they're always going to have problems with this program."
Filed Under: Workforce, Collections & Transfer, Recycling
6 waste and recycling trends to watch in 2023
The effects of ongoing M&A, the biogas boom, and regulatory and financial debates around plastics are among the most complex topics on Waste Dive's radar in the new year.
By Cole Rosengren, Megan Quinn and Maria Rachal • Jan. 12, 2023
Latest in Workforce
By Cole Rosengren, Megan Quinn and Maria Rachal

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Work began on building the Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) in 1957 based on the urban development plan of S.J. van Embden. His design aimed at creating an idealised factory environment for technical research and study consisting of tall, modern buildings on stilts that were connected with one another and with the laboratories and workshops located in between them by means of aerial walkways. The plan followed the modern ideal of self-contained buildings in a continuous landscape. The rational structure in which the buildings followed a fixed grid pattern was expressed in the curtain walls of the first generation of buildings on the campus. A master plan for the re organisation and expansion of the campus has been drawn up following the original design. It envisages the introduction of accommodation for students and researchers on the north side of the campus on the edge of the green brook valley of the Dommel.
The position and orientation of the wedge-shaped building are aligned with the series of taller buildings on the campus. The building is entirely prefabricated. The load-bearing fa?ade is made of concrete sandwich elements whose continuous grid reflects the fa?ades of the old buildings on the campus. The front side of the wall panel bands are polished, providing a stronger contrast with the closed sections of the wall and giving the grid an autonomous position in the fa?ade composition. Besides the outer walls, the floors, bathrooms and installations are also prefabricated to enable the building to be constructed within a very short time. The wedge-shaped building has been staggered around the central corridor, creating a triple articulation in the end facades. This division into three facilitates a logical distribution of the rooms and group flats. It also gives the building an elegant appearance and a dynamic, asymmetrical look, both on the side facing the campus and on that facing the Dommel.


text:
Simon Owens
Tech, media, and marketing
Why YouTube is much more disruptive than Netflix
You have to give Netflix its due. It began as a mail-order video rental service, then pivoted to a mail-subscription video service. In just a few years it decimated the video rental industry, leaving Blockbuster a bankrupted carcass. But instead of standing and gloating over its spoils, it quickly recognized that the future of home television consumption was via internet streaming and began securing the streaming rights to hundreds of television shows and movies, all of which were grateful for the extra revenue. Then, when other corporate giants began moving in on its turf — Amazon Prime, Hulu — driving up competition for streaming licensing, Netflix decided to make itself indispensable and invested in expensive, high quality original content that would lock users in. It's clear that the company is innovative and has forced the slumbering cable industry to react; it's unlikely that HBO would have committed itself to a standalone HBO Go service if it weren't for Netflix. And when the history of cable is written it will be credited for being a major impetus for millions of consumers to cut the cable cord (though I have to agree with Ben Thompson that the "great unbundling" won't happen nearly as quickly as people think it will).
But as much as Netflix has impacted the television and cable industry, you have to admit that the more it has pivoted, the more it has begun to resemble a traditional cable network. Many networks, for instance, syndicate reruns of shows (why you're still able to see episodes of Seinfeld despite it being off the air for more than a decade) while producing a steady stream of original programming. Netflix's licensing of shows is its own version of syndication. And as Netflix has moved toward this more traditional model, it's found more competition encroaching on its user base. As James Surowiecki wrote recently:
Once content providers saw how popular streaming was becoming, they jacked up the price of their content. Netflix's success also attracted new competitors to the market (like Amazon), and encouraged existing competitors (like HBO) to invest more in streaming. "The calculus here is simple," Ulin told me. "There's lots more competition for viewers. That means it's harder to get content. And the content you do get costs more." In the past few years, Netflix has lost thousands of movies as licensing deals expired, and this year it will pay at least three billion dollars for content.
When journalists write about cord cutting and cable unbundling, they often cite Netflix as the catalyst for this industry shift. But there's another company, I think, that both cable companies and networks should worry about more: YouTube.
[LIKE THIS ARTICLE SO FAR? THEN YOU'LL REALLY WANT TO SIGN UP FOR MY NEWSLETTER. IT'S DELIVERED ONCE A WEEK AND PACKED WITH MY TECH AND MEDIA ANALYSIS, STUFF YOU WON'T FIND ANYWHERE ELSE ON THE WEB. SUBSCRIBE OVER HERE]
Nextflix may be producing a few of its own shows, but the majority of its money is still going into the coffers of network television companies. AMC may be losing some cable subscribers to Netflix, but then Netflix is at the same time paying millions of dollars to license Breaking Bad and Mad Men. YouTube, on the other hand, is producing millions of hours of programming outside the television ecosystem, and though it has played around with various licensing deals with traditional television companies, the vast majority of its viewership is on non-television videos. Even worse, it's seeing some of its strongest growth with teenagers and is conditioning these future cable subscribers that a world without cable is not only possible, but preferable. Witness the hordes of screaming teens who mob YouTube stars at online video conventions. These are YouTube personalities that you and I have never heard of, and yet they have millions of subscribers and television channels are clamoring to give them their own shows. In some cases, they've rejected lucrative TV offers because they can make more money on YouTube and enjoy more creative freedom.
Because of this homegrown talent and programming, YouTube faces massive growth potential. Netflix is projected to hit $5.5 billion in revenue with its 37 million U.S. subscribers. Its CEO hopes to eventually reach between 60 and 90 million subscribers, after which its revenue will have presumably doubled to $11 billion. YouTube, on the other hand, is projected to reach $7 billion in 2015, and Bernstein Research thinks it'll reach $30 billion in annual revenue within just a few years. YouTube also has a much more impressive lead over its competitors than Netflix. As Quartz reported, "Facebook says it gets 1 billion video views per day. YouTube had 4 billion views per day back in 2012, and has grown significantly since then."
All these numbers don't get at YouTube's real strength, which is that it's a hotbed of user generated content and therefore brewing its own homegrown talent. And because it's built like a social network, it sees much more engagement with its users. YouTube comments may be a cesspool, but content creators have much more intimate relationships with their audience than television or movie stars.
So yes, cable and television industries, worry about Netflix. Devise ways of offering better streaming services so customers can consume your content on multiple devices. Improve your great television programming. But while you're busy duking it out with Netflix and Amazon Prime, don't ignore the rising giant that is quickly convincing many of your future customers that they don't need you and never will.
Did you like this article? Do you want me to create awesome content like this for you? Go here to learn how you can hire me.
Simon Owens is a tech and media journalist living in Washington, DC. Follow him on Twitter, Facebook, or LinkedIn. Email him at simonowens@gmail.com. For a full bio, go here.
Image via Trusted Reviews
Why zombie novels written by indie authors do so well on Kindle
A Fall Out Boy music video shot entirely using Instagram's Hyperlapse
How Storyful helps Facebook surface its most newsworthy content
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged amazon prime, cord cutters, James Surowiecki, netflix, video streaming, youtube on October 23, 2014 by SimonOwens.
← Why Twitter is such an ideal platform for trolls YouTube needs to start worrying about Facebook video →
Why AARP has an entire team dedicated to answering Facebook comments
Dear publishers, it's time to diversify your referral traffic
How this political news site generated a thousand paying subscribers
It's time for YouTubers to diversify their revenue streams
How the Washington Post built the nation's most beloved weather blog


He wanted to break away from his friends for a while and go for a walk. Just for an hour or two. He walked down a path full of red leaves, squirrels, and walnuts. The walkway resembled a mural. He felt the breeze stroke his brown hair. He savored the warm sun's kiss on his rosy cheeks. He listened to his life inside him. It felt very good to walk down a path with the breeze in his face, the sun loving him, and realizing how perfect he was all around. While walking further into the forest, he heard the faint, steady rhythm of his heartbeat. A little fast, but very pleasurable. He also faintly heard himself breathing in and out peacefully. His deep breathing was the strong wind that swept the path. This was his time. With himself.


text:
March 22, 2016 by Steve
No Time For Panic on TTC Ridership Numbers
The TTC's Ridership Update report will be discussed at the March 23, 2016 Board meeting. Its publication triggered an unwelcome round of hand-wringing about transit service and financing that could well undo momentum seemingly regained by the Tory regime at City Hall. How did we get so quickly from a pro-transit stance to one where just avoiding cuts will seem a victory?
Fun With Budgets at City Hall
During the Ford years, TTC ridership continued to climb despite the best efforts of Council to throttle the TTC budget, but a good deal of that growth came at the margins, filling up less crowded routes and time periods, and stuffing the busier ones to the extent any new riding was possible. John Tory ran on a platform that SmartTrack would fix absolutely everything, but once in office acknowledged that day-to-day service had taken a hit and needed fixing. Improvements to date have not addressed peak capacity for the simple reason that there were no spare vehicles, and that is only now being addressed.
Some of the new buses bought by the TTC will not directly address capacity shortfalls, but instead will be used to bolster the pool of spare buses so that maintenance standards can improve and fewer vehicles will fail in service. The streetcar system remains hobbled by a car shortage thanks to Bombardier's missed deliveries, and this cascades down into the bus fleet. On the subway it is physically impossible to run more trains, a problem that will not be eliminated until 2019-20, and then only on Line 1 YUS. Riders might be forgiven for wondering if things will ever improve, especially for peak period travel.
Schedule adjustments have reduced the amount of short-turning on some routes, but gaps and bunching of vehicles remain a problem.
The TTC is far from out of the woods on service quantity and quality, and this situation cannot be fixed overnight.
The problem with a shortfall in ridership has been with us for some time, although it is important to define just what "shortfall" means.
In 2013, ridership was 2.4% over 2012, but 0.5% below the budget target (525 million actual vs 528m budget).
In 2014, ridership was 1.8% over 2012, but 1.0% below the budget target (535m vs 540m).
For almost all of 2015, ridership was consistently below the budget target, but it also began to fall below previous year actuals in June. This situation persisted through to January 2016. Ridership was 0.1% below 2014 (not including the extra one-time Pan Am trips), and 2.0% below budget (534m vs 545m).
[Sources: CEO Reports for February 2014, 2015 and 2016]
Despite this situation, the TTC planned aggressively with a budget target of 555 million for 2016. It is no surprise that this target will be extremely hard to reach.
An important factor in budget presentations is that there is an advantage in aiming high because this inflates the projected fare revenue by about $2 per rider. On a base of 500m rides, 5m extra (1.0%) is worth $10m in revenue. Whether that is actually achieved is less important than simply putting a high number there as a starting point. Why would the TTC do this? It all has to do with City budget controls.
If the TTC aims low and does better than expected, the temptation in past years was to use the money to improve service. However, Council has reserved to itself the right to say what happens, and the TTC Board cannot just launch new services that could affect future year subsidy requests. To put it another way, Council wants any "surplus" to come back to reduce overall spending and tax requirements rather than leaving it in the TTC. If the revenue (and projected high ridership) are in the budget to start with, the TTC has the elbow room to make or defer improvements based on actual conditions.
An important factor over the years when ridership fell short of budget is that on the expense side of the ledger, the TTC more than compensated for the missing revenue. Fuel prices have been consistently lower, and other cost areas have balanced out in the TTC's favour in some cases simply by deferral of spending, in others by the luck of actual costs being lower than projected.
However, the 2016 budget tried too hard to pull off this trick in the face of stagnating ridership and at a time when Council, for all their fine words about supporting transit, actually stripped $30m out of the TTC's budget request leaving only a $20m increase instead of the expected $50m. Now there is a sense of panic because the TTC projects that revenues will be $30m below budget thanks to a shortfall of 13-18m rides (year end projected at 535-540m rather than the adjusted budget of 553m allowing for effects of the fare increase).
That number represents more than a 1% tax increase if it were funded fully through subsidies. The problem is not just for 2016, but for future years when new costs such as the TYSSE (Vaughan subway) and better Wheel Trans service will land on the City's budget table without enough new fare revenue to pay for them.
Politicians who wish to seem both as friends to transit and hard nosed tax fighters will be challenged to reconcile their two personae.
In short, yes there is a "shortfall" in ridership, but its severity is magnified by the presentation of an unduly optimistic TTC budget and by Council funding cuts that removed headroom within which the TTC might have adapted to what could be a short-term situation.
Does The TTC Understand Its Ridership?
The Ridership Update identifies several possible factors for their falling numbers.
The rate of economic growth has fallen below projections, although it is still positive. The degree to which this growth affects ridership is not quite as direct a link as TTC management often claims, and there have actually been years where the two factors headed in opposite directions.
Depending on the physical location of growth or loss of jobs, the effect on TTC ridership could vary depending on transit market share in the affected areas.
Over half of TTC riding occurs outside of the peak period where there has been room for growth, and riding during this period is not necessarily tied to the economy.
Factors affecting the cost of auto use could push more demand to the TTC even if job growth weakens.
The TTC estimates that the lower growth rate could cut 2m rides from the 2016 projection.
Metropass sales were down in January 2016 by 6% over 2015, and in February by 2%. The TTC hopes that the Metropass price freeze in 2016 will arrest this fall and possibly even turn it around.
There is a basic statistical problem with reporting of Metropass ridership. The pass is priced at the equivalent of 49 fares although the typical user takes about 73 trips per month. The TTC counts ridership for pass holders by the simple formula of (Pass Sales x 73).
If someone decides that buying a pass is no longer worthwhile, they revert to token purchases, and the TTC sees this as a "loss" of about 20 rides. However, the people who would make such a decision were almost certainly not taking 73 rides to begin with, and there is no real "loss" of riding. If this effect is big enough, it should show up as a rise in the average trips/pass for all remaining users, but that number will not be recalibrated until later in 2016.
The TTC estimates the lost trips for 2016 at about 3 million, or by their methodology, the equivalent of 150,000 passes at 20 rides per pass. This does not represent a loss of $2 per ride ($6m for the year) because the "lost" rides might never have existed. Only if a frequent TTC rider decided both to abandon their pass and cut back substantially on transit travel would this mean an actual loss of trips, and the revenue side could still come out equal if those fewer trips were paid for with higher cost/trip tokens or Presto.
Service improvements made by the TTC in 2015 (with more just beginning in 2016) are estimated to account for 3m rides out of the shortfall, although this number is not based on any analysis in the report.
In reviewing the system for possible slowdown of better service or even for future cuts, the TTC needs to understand just where ridership is lost. Is it a case that improvements have not attracted the expected demand, or that riding is down on existing routes and/or periods of operation? There is no sense in the Ridership Update that the TTC understands its changing demand at a granular level.
The factors above total a drop of 8m rides, and the TTC cites a range of 8-13m in their report leading to a projected 2016 ridership of 540m.
A fundamental question at the heart of any transit operation should be "are the buses full", but this does not appear anywhere in the "ridership update". Moreover, "full" is a relative term as it is linked to Service Standards regarding the quality and comfort of service provided to riders. The Ford years absorbed more demand simply by relaxing the standards and stuffing more riders on transit vehicles. This can be counterproductive both in making transit less attractive as an option, and slowing service because vehicles spend more time squeezing riders on and off at stops.
Among the concerns raised by management (and routinely by members of the TTC Board) is the question of fare evasion which can take many forms:
Abuse of Proof-of-Payment to enter vehicles without paying
Abuse of reduced fares or free rides by passengers who are not eligible for them
Abuse of transfer privileges
A common thread through all of these must be the matter of enforcement. Both the TTC and Council have been loathe to increase the number of fare inspectors as "head count avoidance" is a classic, if simplistic, way to control costs. The problem is that the fare system will increasingly rely on some form of inspection with the move to PoP and with the transition from fare media that can be quickly "eyeballed" as passengers enter vehicles.
The TTC plans to take riding counts to determine whether fares collected match revenue, but this is a challenge without doing fare inspections at the same time. Many people on the system do not pay their fare on the vehicles they ride, and raw riding counts and farebox revenues will not necessarily mean much when the combined effect of boardings with passes, transfers, and free entry at subway stations are all taken into account.
Abuse of concession passes will sort itself out with the transition to Presto assuming that a mechanism to audit eligibility is included. For seniors, this is a one-time check. For post-secondary students, the status could be refreshed annually based on eligibility.
Transfer abuse has two aspects: outright fraud (a transfer that is clearly invalid) and the bending of transfer rules to squeeze more travel out of one fare than is strictly allowed. A move to a time-based transfer embedded in Presto would eliminate both of these problems. There would be no question about validity based on location and elapsed time, and "recycling" of old transfers would be impossible.
The Ridership Update contains some troubling observations:
• The impact of low gasoline prices and ridesharing is difficult to quantify; however, both factors are generally seen by GTA transit agencies as contributors to declining ridership;
• The consensus opinion from GTA transit agencies is that the main driver of ridership is economic growth, in particular, employment growth, which is beyond the control of transit agencies and could potentially have a long-lasting impact on ridership growth; and
• If current trends persist, TTC's current service levels may be higher than is required to accommodate future ridership.
This has an air of resignation, a sense that transit demand will simply stop growing and with that the need for better service. This plays right into the hands of those who say we do not need to spend more on transit, not to mention those who claim that subway extensions will not overload the network.
Before Toronto goes down that path, TTC management might like to check with riders who cannot get on buses, streetcars and subway trains because there is no room.
Their is an air of panic, the idea that the TTC must "do something" to prevent a catastrophic budget shortfall even at a time when the politicians claim that they want to encourage more transit use. They just don't want to pay for it.
TTC management makes two proposals for dealing with the supposed excess of service:
• A freeze on further service additions until it can be determined if the year-to-date ridership results are only temporary or more indicative of a lasting trend;
• Expense reductions that would be achieved from across-the-board service reductions in 2016 and 2017.
Just what the doctor ordered – a return to the simplistic service cuts of the Ford era without the bother of finding out where, when and why ridership is down, or where, if anywhere, the system can actually absorb service cuts.
The alternative, also cited by management, would be an increase in the operating subsidy, not to mention adjustments to fare levels. The fare debate will be further complicated by the as yet undefined effects of regional fare integration and proposals for zones, distance fares, and making rapid transit a separate fare class.
The TTC Board has long abdicated its responsibility for conducting such a debate, and Council prefers to save on taxes except to the level needed to produce a few photo-ops and small-scale improvements. Nobody shows up to trumpet higher fares or taxes.
Meanwhile, Toronto is on the verge of debating a huge transit expansion plan, one with a chicken in almost every pot, all to be funded from a magical combination of new provincial and federal spending and dubious schemes such as tax increment financing.
If your bus doesn't show up as often as you would like, or you still can't get on the subway, don't worry, in a decade or so there will be a shiny new train.
This entry was posted in Fares & Fare Collection, Finance, Transit. Bookmark the permalink.
← Analysis of Service on Route 6 Bay Bus for January 2016
Where Is TTC Ridership Going? (Updated) →
14 thoughts on "No Time For Panic on TTC Ridership Numbers"
Malcolm N | March 22, 2016 at 10:07 am
The funny thing is – that I am fairly sure, that the lack of capacity for peak growth will be one of the reasons for a slowing of general growth. Many do not have the flexibility to ride that far away from peak, and if there is not room, well… Also travel, like shopping is a habit. If I know where everything is in a store, I will tend to go back there. If I am comfortable with transit, I will use it for more trips, and one of the keys is daily trips – like work (perforce many of these in peak).
The lack of space on the subway, and buses at peak , will discourage ridership and not just at peak. The lack of consistency off peak will further discourage ridership. Transit , high quality transit is a must to making a city like Toronto succeed. It is also the only way you can even begin to approach a big part of greenhouse gas emissions. Cars with drivers only, take too much space, and fuel for the city or environment to work, but transit must have space, and be attractive, for people not to drive.
Stuart Rogers | March 22, 2016 at 10:49 am
I literally slapped my forehead when I read this in the Star last week:
"TTC management is proposing several ways to slow costs and increase riders… for example, by not adding any additional buses during busy hours."
There are no words.
Logan | March 22, 2016 at 6:39 pm
There is one BIG word that no-one in Toronto ever mentions regarding transit. Speed.
The TTC is absurdly slow, especially on the streetcar network.
Why would anyone want to wait for a transit vehicle that comes at inconsistent intervals, arrives packed to the rafters, then crawls along at somewhere between the pace of walking and jogging.
People are not blind, they see how the city prioritizes automobile traffic at every turn. Streetcars packed with hundreds of people constantly waiting behind two or three cars (thus two or three people) to arrive at the stop, then missing the green light, and then having to wait again for a left turning vehicle to clear the intersection. What an inefficient mess. Maddeningly this is barely improved on roads with dedicated streetcar lanes. Streetcars are easily "out walked" on Spadina.
If our city planners continue to give cars 100x the priority at intersections (hundreds in a streetcar vs. a handful in cars) why would anyone who doesn't have to want to use transit?
Want to get to the Beaches from Queen west on a Sunday summer morning? It's going to take a good part of 90 minutes. So people simply don't go. Or they take an uber and get there in 30. Or a bike and arrive in 40.
Want to increase ridership? Increase speed.
Harvey chang | March 22, 2016 at 8:43 pm
Thought experiment:
Imagine if metro pass prices increase and fewer are sold. But those who switch to tokens continue to consume the same number of rides.
TTC metrics will show a fall in ridership and revenue. They will reduce service to compensate.
But the actual number of rides consumed will not change. So the reduced service will only increase crowding.
A smarter strategy would be to lower metro pass multiples, increasing the number sold, but leaving actual rides consumed constant.
The artificial ridership number would be higher, but real rides the same.
TTC is a prisoner of a dumb measurement system. Weird thing I'd that they have not figured out. Are they not smart enough?
George | March 22, 2016 at 9:48 pm
That the first thing the TTC suggests is to freeze service expansion should be a huge red warning flag for anyone on the board.
Management is essentially suggesting that there are no full buses, there is no capacity problem and we should just stop all this expansion nonsense because nobody wants to use our service. We can't be bothered to figure out why, or try to resolve it in any way other than to just stop.
Yet we have full buses, streetcars and subways well outside of rush hour, there is clearly service and value problems that are related to sub 50% on time performance on a large number of routes even in evenings and weekends. Gas dropped by 50% but fares and passes have not gone down in price to be competitive. There is clearly grid-lock around the city.
That management would even suggest stopping or delaying service expansion in the above situation tells me that they don't understand their city or their transit system. If I was on the board and management suggested something like this I would summarily fire then all.
Steve: There is a big problem that we are still living with the hangover of the Ford/Stintz era of minimal service as a way to constrain taxes, and Tory's bone-headed embrace of the same philosophy. Until the board and Council give management different marching orders, they will tend to be gun shy and won't advocate a course that, on paper, will cost the city a lot of money in extra subsidy. Josh Colle doesn't want to challenge Tory who, after all, is responsible for Colle having the TTC Chair's position.
What we are missing is a sense of advocacy, not to mention in this case a management who really don't understand what is happening on their own system. This is Byford's Achilles heel: there are areas where bad advice and incomplete research by his staff can make him look bad. You can only fire and early-retire so many people before the buck finally lands on your own desk.
A Great Day for Toronto | March 22, 2016 at 10:44 pm
Tue, 22nd of March, 2016 would go down as a Great Day for Toronto when the Trudeau budget has finally relieved Toronto of the chokehold ten successive Harper budgets had on Toronto. Let us celebrate late into the night tonight and worry not about the freezing rain and ice pellets, let us celebrate for Toronto was reborn on Tue, the 22nd of March, 2016 years after the birth of our Lord.
Steve: I am guardedly optimistic. Toronto and its funding "partners" have a long history of spending money on the wrong projects, and then when the tap is finally turned off, wondering why so much we really need still hasn't been built.
Steve | March 23, 2016 at 4:49 am
One big advantage of Presto is that rider counts will become much more accurate.
Steve: There will be better counts of unlinked trips (counting each boarding separately), but deciding how to assemble these into "rides" will be challenging particularly if the fare structure shifts even more to pass-equivalent forms such as the two hour transfer or an automatic cap on costs so that riders benefit from "pass" pricing whether they explicitly opt for passes or not. The linkage between revenue and individual trips will weaken further than it already is today. What will be important will be actual utilization of services, not a raw count of tokens in the farebox.
Of course that has always been what is really important, but it's simpler to count "trips" even if over half of them are implied as a multiple of a fixed monthly payment.
Regional integration will also bring its statistical problems. Does a trip on Miway, then GO, then TTC count as one trip or as three? The number of unlinked trips does not change, but an amalgamated fare structure (never mind an even bigger step to an amalgamated system) begs the question of whether the artificial distinction for each segment should remain. This is an important issue in an environment where subsidy funding is based on "trips", whatever they may be.
Malcolm N | March 23, 2016 at 7:28 am
The funny thing, is that from a network design basis, one of the keys, that we do not really see much of as the public, is demand by portion of route. I cannot help but believe what we should really be focused on is not just how much ridership is on say Finch East, but how many riders on each segment of the route, same for subway etc. Whether these are counted as 1 or 3 trips, does not matter to how full the bus or streetcar, or subway is.
How we think of network extension and capacity improvements really needs to focus on the usage of capacity over each segment of the network. The TTC should really be publishing a regular map of capacity and its utilization for each segment of every route. King Street, as per a previous article being a case in point. Knowing more specifics of point of boarding and alighting and load past each point will be as important as the number of trips.
Mark Rejhon | March 23, 2016 at 10:30 am
I would hope City of Toronto doesn't reduce the TTC budget, to cancel out the tentatively good news of Toronto's share of forthcoming federal transit funds.
There is so much work TTC needs to do, but cannot do quicker due to financial constraints. This "TTC infrastructure deficit" has been going on for many years.
"Regional integration will also bring its statistical problems. Does a trip on Miway, then GO, then TTC count as one trip or as three?"
I think this is a statistical perspective redo.
Trips per passenger per agency.
Totals for the above.
Then separate total for trips per passenger, multi-modal/multi-agency.
That way, both are counted, and we've got a basis of comparison with a backwards-compatible way to compare to old statistics. It will also show on a GTHA-wide basis, for the first time, reliably record multi-agency trips in one day.
This statistical transition really needs to be done delicately, as the bean counters will be all over this…
notanotherfnsportsblog | March 23, 2016 at 11:43 am
My opinion is we need to wait and see.
There are a bunch of express routes coming. Will the new express routes increase ridership, or just shift ridership? If for example more people take the Don Mills express and not the 25 will they reduce frequency on the 25 and shift the bus or buses to another line? Or will they take those buses off the road to be used as spares?
What needs to happen as well is the city needs to remove parking on streetcar routes and to turn King into the transit only roadway. That will speed King up but also other routes that get crowded by all the vehicles using one lane.
I may be in the minority in thinking this but once the subway extension and the Crosstown are built I believe that will improve routes in those areas. Instead of running as many routes in certain areas they can be shortened to just connect to the train service. That to me will make a big difference as buses will have shorter routes to travel.
Once these things happen I am sure ridership will increase. The lack of express routes in a city of this size is baffling but Toronto is slowly adding more. Hopefully it makes a difference
James | March 23, 2016 at 9:22 pm
With Ford's departure, Toronto and the TTC can breathe a sigh of relief and begin to undo the damage of the Ford years.
Harvey chang | March 24, 2016 at 7:05 am
Ridership and revenue are unrelated concepts. Gyms don't sell memberships based on the number of steps you take on a treadmill. TTC should take lessons from gyms, airlines, cable companies and other high fixed cost – low variable cost business.
The perfect TTC customer is one that pays for a monthly pass and rarely uses it, but is still happy to have the potential transit freedom. How can the TTC get more of these?
Joe M | March 24, 2016 at 8:09 pm
Some good points but an overall downtown bias here. From a Scarborough residents perspective (and not looking to derail the thread for a subway debate so don't bother) where Streetcars have little value, unfortunately we just cant share that pain. If anything we need the opposite as these slow down our car commute & WE NEED to drive because of this inefficient, unattractive, unequitable transit system. If we had similar forms of transportation available we would likely share your pain and work together. But that's not the reality for now.
TTC is even more unattractive to Toronto's suburbs due to many issues already mentioned here like speed & crowding, that is in addition to having the transfers, being poorly integrated, using a less attractive infrastructure, & GO transit being a non integrated premium service.
I certainly believe if the latest plan goes forward you'll see a "unexpected" sizable jump in ridership which although may compound others issues it will go a long way for Toronto commuters to start working together on pressuring our Political heads to effectively improve service levels.
Steve: This thread is about fares, and if that isn't a concern to the suburbs I don't know what is. Are you looking forward to fare-by-distance for long trips? To a separate fare zone for the subway? You really need to pay attention to what is going on with this issue because downtowners like me will actually benefit from some of what Metrolinx proposes. You, on the other hand, will pay and pay and pay. And I am sure Metrolinx will tell us that higher fares for longer, faster trips are more "equitable".
Maybe it would be useful if all of the Scarborough politicians (local and provincial) woke up to what is in the works if nobody makes enough noise.


Featuring authentic Mayan style, these cabins on the ground floor are great for relaxing in a natural setting during a wonderful vacation.
The hotel allows cancellation without surcharge up to 8 days before arrival, from 7 days to 24 hours due to arrival applies 2 nights penalty. In case of No Show, or sudden early departure total booking amount will be charged.
Listen to the murmor of the waves and the sounds of the jungle in this guestroom, which has been designed with your rest and relaxation in mind. It has all the amenities and services you need for a comfortable stay.
These 300 to 355 sq. ft. guestrooms are located on the top floor of a two-story Caribbean-style casita with artisanal details. They have a private 107 to 172 sq. ft. terrace with two hammocks and an elegantly appointed bathroom, some with an outdoor shower. All of these guestrooms have a sitting area with a sofa bed and a dining room. They are located near the spa and the beach.
Featuring authentic Mayan style, these cabins on the ground level are great for relaxing in a natural setting during a wonderful vacation.
These 300 to 355 sq. ft. guestrooms are located on the first floor of a two-story Caribbean-style casita with artisanal details. They have a private 107 to 172 sq. ft. terrace with two hammocks and an elegantly appointed bathroom, some with an outdoor shower. All of these guestrooms have a sitting area with a sofa bed and a dining room. They are located near the spa and the beach.
Calle 38 y Zona Federal Maritima, Centro. Playa del Carmen, Quintana Roo.
Mahekal Beach Resort is a perfect example of eco-tourism in Playa del Carmen, designed to blend in with its natural setting, between the Caribbean Sea and the jungle of the Riviera Maya.
While staying here you can enjoy wonderful views of the Caribbean Sea, thatched-roof guestrooms with private terraces and hammocks; and beautiful gardens. Mahekal Beach Resort is one place not to be overlooked when you're looking for somewhere peaceful and isolated to spend a restful and relaxing vacation on Mexico's Caribbean coast.
Bar from 11:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.
Breakfast from 7:30 a.m. to 10:00 a.m.
Lunch from 11:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Bar from 10:00 a.m. to 10:30 p.m.


text:
Constable, Solo exhibition of photographic work responding to Constable's open air oil sketches and Constable Country, Town Hall Galleries, Ipswich
Billingham, Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-6474-5656 (2007) Constable, Solo exhibition of photographic work responding to Constable's open air oil sketches and Constable Country, Town Hall Galleries, Ipswich. [Show/Exhibition]
Selected images from the solo exhibition 'Constable', Town Hill Galleries, Ipswich 2007.docx - Supplemental Material
Official URL: https://www.culture24.org.uk/art/photography-and-f...
'Constable' was a solo show of approximately 50 black and white and colour landscape photographs exhibited at the Town Hall Galleries, Ipswich (5th May - 16th June 2007) that responded to Constable Country, a relatively small region along the River Stour straddling the borders of Essex and Suffolk, where Constable made many of his iconic paintings – most notably the Haywain. Many of them have become some of the best-known images in British art. The exhibition 'Constable' was the first stage in a what has since become a much larger body of photographic work that deals with the British Landscape. This growing body of photography and research has outputted in various ways over the years and in 2012 Billingham's work 'Hedgerow' was juxtaposed with Constable's 'The Cornfield', 1826 at the National Gallery, London in the exhibition 'Seduced by Art: Photography Past and Present' that also travelled to CaixaForum, Barcelona (2013) and CaixaForum, Madrid (2013) The 50 or so works were made over a short period in Spring 2007 and were contemporary interpretations of the environment favoured by Constable. Where many of his contemporaries tended to an interpretation of the English landscape in a formalised and picturesque way, Constable sought to capture the true spirit of the British landscape in a way that many artists and critics today regard as avant-garde. Billingham used disposable unbranded cameras with plastic lenses purchased from charity shops in an attempt to capture the spontaneity and vitality of Constables oil sketched that were made in the open air. Constable's oil sketches were research material for his much larger and detailed exhibited paintings. The decision to employ such cameras evolved from on earlier series of photographs made in Zoos (based on images in his family album taken by his mother on childhood visits to a nearby zoo) and from his first body of photographic work called 'Ray's a Laugh' which sometimes used unbranded cameras with plastic lenses. Billingham has said that when he first visited Constable country in 2007 and made photographs, he found it difficult to identify Constable's motifs in the landscape. It was only when he got the images back from being processed that he could see Constable's landscape motifs through the photographs. The photographs not only reflect the 18th century painter's choice of subject matter but also his attitude to picture making and his determination to represent the natural environment in its truest form. Constable preliminary oil sketches are today highly regarded by contemporary artists and critics and on one level, Billingham's 'Constable' photographs have shown a similar approach, existing as preliminary studies for photographic works made since.
https://www.artrabbit.com/events/richard...
Schools and Research Institutes > School of Arts > Photography
Creative Practice and Theory
Richard Billingham


text:
List of multilingual presidents of the United States
Title: List of multilingual presidents of the United States
Subject: List of former United States presidents who ran for office after leaving the presidency, Timeline of Presidents of the United States, List of Presidents of the United States with facial hair, Handedness of Presidents of the United States, United States Presidents and control of Congress
Collection: Languages of the United States, Lists of People by Language, Lists of Presidents, Lists Relating to the United States Presidency
Thomas Jefferson claimed to read and write six different languages.
Of the 44 Presidents of the United States, at least half have displayed proficiency in speaking or writing a language other than English. Of these, only one, Martin Van Buren, learned English as his second language; his first language was Dutch. Four of the earliest Presidents were multilingual, with John Adams and Thomas Jefferson demonstrating proficiency in a number of foreign languages.
James A. Garfield not only knew Ancient Greek and Latin, but used his ambidexterity to write both at the same time. Both Roosevelts spoke French, and Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt spoke German. Herbert Hoover spoke fluent Mandarin Chinese.
18th and 19th centuries 1
John Adams 1.1
Thomas Jefferson 1.2
James Madison 1.3
James Monroe 1.4
John Quincy Adams 1.5
Martin Van Buren 1.6
William Henry Harrison 1.7
John Tyler 1.8
James K. Polk 1.9
James Buchanan 1.10
Rutherford B. Hayes 1.11
James A. Garfield 1.12
Chester A. Arthur 1.13
20th century 2
Theodore Roosevelt 2.1
Woodrow Wilson 2.2
Herbert Hoover 2.3
Franklin Roosevelt 2.4
Jimmy Carter 2.5
Bill Clinton 2.6
21st century 3
George W. Bush 3.1
Barack Obama 3.2
Notes 6.1
Bibliography 6.2
18th and 19th centuries
Adams, the second President of the United States, learned to read Latin at a young age.[1] In preparation for attending Harvard University, Adams attended a school for improving his Latin skills.[2] While posted in France, Adams became fluent in French.[3]
Thomas Jefferson spoke and read multiple languages. After his death, a number of other books, dictionaries, and grammar manuals in various languages were found in Jefferson's library, suggesting that he studied additional languages beyond those he spoke and wrote well. Among these were books in Arabic, Gaelic, and Welsh.[4] Regarding Spanish, Jefferson told John Quincy Adams that he had learned the language over the course of nineteen days while sailing from the United States to France. He had borrowed a Spanish grammar and a copy of Don Quixote from a friend, and read them on the voyage. Adams expressed skepticism, noting Jefferson's tendency to tell "large stories."[5]
James Madison began his studies of Latin at the age of twelve[6] and had mastered Greek and Latin by the time he entered the College of New Jersey, later Princeton University. He produced many translations of Latin orations of Grotius, Pufendorf, and Vattel.[6] He also studied Horace and Ovid.[6] He learned Greek as an admissions requirement for higher college learning.[6]
While in college, Madison learned to speak and read Hebrew.[1] When he could have graduated, Madison remained at college for an additional year to study ethics and Hebrew in greater depth.[7]
James Monroe adopted many French customs while a diplomat in Paris, including learning fluent French. The entire Monroe family knew the language, and often spoke it with one another at home.[8]
John Quincy Adams
John Quincy Adams went to school in both France and the Netherlands, and spoke fluent French and conversational Dutch.[9] Adams strove to improve his abilities in Dutch throughout his life, and at times translated a page of Dutch a day to help improve his mastery of the language.[10] Official documents that he translated were sent to the Secretary of State of the United States, so that Adams' studies would serve a useful purpose as well.[10] When his father appointed him United States Ambassador to Prussia, Adams dedicated himself to becoming proficient in German in order to give him the tools to strengthen relations between the two countries.[11] He improved his skills by translating articles from German to English, and his studies made his diplomatic efforts more successful.[11]
In addition to the two languages he spoke fluently, he also studied Italian, though he admitted to making little progress in it since he had no one with whom to practice speaking and hearing the language.[10] Adams also read Latin very well, translated a page a day of Latin text,[12] and studied classical Greek in his spare time.[13]
Martin Van Buren was the only American President who did not speak English as his first language. He was born in Kinderhook, New York, a primarily Dutch community, spoke Dutch as his first language, and continued to speak it at home.[14] He learned English as a second language while attending Kinderhook's local school house. He obtained a small understanding of Latin while studying at Kinderhook Academy and solidified his understanding of English there.[15]
William Henry Harrison
At Hampden–Sydney College, William Henry Harrison spent a considerable time learning Latin, and favored reading about the Military history of ancient Rome and Julius Caesar from native language histories. At the college, he also learned a small amount of French.[16]
John Tyler excelled at school, where he learned both Latin and Greek.[17]
James K. Polk
Although James K. Polk had no background in foreign languages upon entering college, he proved a quick learner.[18] Upon graduating from the University of North Carolina, he was asked to give the welcoming address at graduation; he chose to do so in Latin. He proved very proficient in classical languages, and received honors in both Greek and Latin on his degree.[19]
James Buchanan studied a traditional classical curriculum, which included Latin and Greek, at the private Old Stone Academy before transferring to Dickinson College. He excelled in both subjects.[20]
Rutherford B. Hayes studied Latin and Greek at the Isaac Webb school in Middletown, Connecticut. He initially struggled with the languages, but soon became proficient in them. He also briefly studied French there.[21]
James A. Garfield
James A. Garfield knew both Latin and Greek. As the first ambidextrous president, Garfield entertained his friends by having them ask him questions, and then writing the answer in Latin with one hand while simultaneously writing the answer in Greek with the other.[22]
Chester A. Arthur
Chester A. Arthur was known to be comfortable enough in Latin and Greek to converse with other men who knew the languages.[23]
Theodore Roosevelt spoke French. A foreign correspondent noted that, although he spoke clearly and quickly, he had a German accent while speaking in French.[24] He read both German and French very well, and kept a good number of books written in these languages in his personal library.[25] He quite often read fiction, philosophy, religion, and history books in both French and German.[26] He was most comfortable with informal discussions in French, though he made two public addresses in the West Indies in French in 1916.[26] He recognized that, while he spoke French rapidly and was able to understand others, he used unusual grammar "without tense or gender." John Hay, Secretary of State under Roosevelt, commented that Roosevelt spoke odd, grammatically incorrect French, but was never difficult to understand.[26]
Though he could read and understand the language thoroughly, Roosevelt struggled to speak German. When Roosevelt attempted to speak with a native German, he had to apologize after botching the attempt.[26] While not fluent in the language, Roosevelt was also able to read Italian.[27] Though he at one point studied Greek and Latin, Roosevelt found both languages a "dreary labor" to translate.[28]
Despite being of Dutch ancestry, Roosevelt did not speak Dutch. However he understood some of the language and taught songs in Dutch to his children and grandchildren. This is documented in a letter in English which he wrote to the painter Nelly Bodenheim in Amsterdam.
Woodrow Wilson learned German as part of earning his Ph.D. in history and political science from Johns Hopkins University. However, he never claimed proficiency in the language. While he did read German sources when they were available, he often complained about the amount of time and effort it took him.[29]
Herbert Hoover
The Hoovers once translated a book from Latin to English.[30] The pair took five years, and sacrificed much of their spare time, to translating the Latin mining tract De re metallica.[31] While at Stanford University, Hoover had access to the extensive library of John Casper Branner, where he found the important mining book which had never been fully translated into English.[31] For years, five nights of the week were spent translating the book, including naming objects that the author had merely described.[31] The Hoovers were also fluent in Mandarin Chinese.[32]
Franklin Delano Roosevelt spoke both German and French. He was raised speaking both, as his early education consisted of governesses from Europe preparing him for boarding school in his teens. In particular, he had a German governess and a French governess who taught him their respective languages. A Swiss governess, Jeanne Sandoz, furthered his studies in both languages,[33] particularly stressing French.[34] Roosevelt spent one summer of his schooling in Germany;[35] both his time with his instructors and his frequent trips abroad allowed him to master both German and French, though he always spoke them with a distinct New England accent.[36] Though he never had a mastery of the language, his governesses also taught him a limited amount of Latin.[37]
Jimmy Carter has a functional command of Spanish, but has never been grammatically perfect.[38] Carter studied the language at the United States Naval Academy[39] and continued his studies while an officer of the United States Navy.[40] Carter sometimes spoke Spanish in 1976 television campaign advertisements, but in his native South Georgia accent.
He could speak fairly fluently, but joked about his sometimes flawed understanding of the language while discoursing with native speakers.[41] Carter has given a number of addresses in the Spanish language, which he wrote himself,[42] and sometimes spoke to constituents in Spanish.[40] To practice his Spanish, he and his wife Rosalynn read the Bible in Spanish to each other every night.[43]
While a freshman at Bill Clinton was required to choose a foreign language to study, and chose German because he was "impressed by the clarity and precision of the language."[44] He is able to hold casual conversation in the language.[45] Later, while giving a speech at the Brandenburg Gate, he gave part of a speech in German, pledging to the 50,000 Germans gathered there that "Amerika steht an Ihrer Seite jetzt und für immer" (America stands on your side, now and forever).[46]
George W. Bush on May 5 (Cinco de Mayo), 2001, delivering the first Weekly Radio Address of the President of the United States broadcast in both English and Spanish by any President.[47]
Templates needing substitution checking
Lists relating to the United States presidency
Lists of presidents
Languages of the United States
Lists of people by language
Lists related to the Presidents and Vice Presidents of the United States
Historical rankings
Military rank
Number living
Time in office
Assassination attempts and plots
Campaign slogans
Control of Congress
Inaugurations
Other offices held
Pardons
Deaths in office
Handedness
Home state
Previous occupation
Summer White Houses
Vice presidents
Place of primary affiliation
Tie-breaking votes
Line of succession
Electoral College margin
Popular vote margin
Democratic tickets
Republican tickets
Third party tickets
Candidates with at least one electoral vote
Former presidents who ran again
Lost their home state
Second ladies
Namesakes, honors
U.S. postage stamp appearances
Currency appearances
U.S. county names
Adams, John Quincy (1874).
Baker, Jean (2004). James Buchanan.
Behrman, Carol (2005). James K. Polk.
"Carter Was Missionary Eight Years Ago".
Carter, Jimmy (2004). Sharing Good Times.
Coker, Jeffrey (2005). Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Biography.
Freedman, Russell (1992). Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
"Great But Childish America: To French Corespondent in Naples Roosevelt Personifies It".
Harper, John Lamberton (1996). American Visions of Europe: Franklin D. Roosevelt, George F. Kennan, and Dean G. Acheson.
Hodge, Carl Cavanagh; Cathal J. Nolan (2007). US Presidents and Foreign Policy.
Holland, William (1836). The Life and Times of Martin Van Buren, Vice President of the United States. Belknap & Hamersley.
"Hoover Gave Years to Latin Translation: With Mrs. Hoover He Devoted Five Evenings a Week to Study of Mining Book". Lewiston Evening Journal (
Ketcham, Ralph Louis (1990). James Madison: A Biography.
King, David (2009). Herbert Hoover.
May, Gary;
Mayo, Louise (2006). President James K. Polk: The Dark Horse President.
McBride, Deborah (29 March 1978). "Venezulans Cheer Carter's Canal Talk".
McLeod, Don (13 June 1976). "John Adams Was Floor Manager of Independence".
Owens, Robert Martin (2007). Mr. Jefferson's Hammer: William Henry Harrison and the Origins of American Indian Policy.
Pestritto, Ronald (2005). Woodrow Wilson and the Roots of Modern Liberalism.
Reeves, Thomas (1975). Gentleman boss: the life of Chester Alan Arthur. Knopf.
Trefousse, Hans Louis (2002). Rutherford B. Hayes.
"Carter Urges Cuba to Embrace Freedom: Spanish Address Carried Live on Cuban TV, Radio".
"Theodore Roosevelt, The Man".
^ a b Crapo (2007), 4.
^ McLeod (1976), 23.
^ McCullough (2001), 321.
^ Berkes, Anna; Bryan Craig (10 December 2008). "Languages Jefferson Spoke or Read". Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia.
^ Berkes, Anna; Bryan Craig (10 December 2008). "Spanish Language". Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia.
^ a b c d Ketcham (1990), 20.
^ Hodge and Nolan (2007), 35.
^ Budinger, Meghan. "Our Face to the World: Clothing exhibit unveils lives of James and Elizabeth Monroe". UMW Magazine.
^ Adams (1874), 229
^ a b c Adams (1874), 176.
^ a b "John Quincy Adams Biography Page 2". Adams National Historic Park.
^ Adams (1874), 177.
^ Widmer (2005), ii.
^ Holland (1836), 15.
^ Owens (2007), 14.
^ May and Wilentz (2008), 13.
^ Mayo (2006), 11.
^ Behrman (2005), 18.
^ Baker (2004), 12.
^ Trefousse (2002), 5.
^ "James A. Garfield". American Presidents Life Portraits. This source does not support the statements that this writing was done simultaneously and that it was the answers to questions posed by the friends.
^ Reeves (1975), 21.
^ New York Times (1909), 2. 25 January 2015
^ New York Times (1898), IMS10. 25 January 2015
^ a b c d Wagenknecht (2008), 39.
^ Wagenknecht (2008), 38.
^ Pestritto (2005), 34.
^ Kelly, Nataly (2009). "Caught in the Grips of Linguistic Paranoia".
^ a b c Lewiston Evening News (1933), 5.
^ King, David (2009), Herbert Hoover,
^ Harper (1996), 14.
^ Coker (2005), 4.
^ Freedman (1992), 9.
^ Poser, Bill (8 July 2007). "The Linguistic Ability of the Presidential Candidates". Language Log.
^ Carter (2004), 35.
^ a b Associated Press (1976), 46.
^ McBride (1978), 1.
^ The Washington Post (2002), 2.
^ Cadwalladr, Carole (11 September 2011). "'"Jimmy Carter: 'We never dropped a bomb. We never fired a bullet. We never went to war.
^ Clinton (2005), 76.
^ Maraniss (1996), 99.
^ Clinton (2005), 609.
^ "May 2001". Whitehouse.gov.
^ Gormley (2000), 113.
^ Hegstrom, Edward (27 September 1999). "Gore and Bush employ splintered Spanish".
^ Obama, Barack (30 November 2011). "President Obama speaks Indonesian, learn at Cinta Bahasa Indonesian Language School - Bali Indonesia".
"Ich bin ein Berliner" – a German phrase famously spoken by John F. Kennedy in a speech in West Berlin
List of Prime Ministers of Canada by languages spoken
2 John Adams Y Y
3 Thomas Jefferson Y Y Y Y Y
4 James Madison Y Y Y
5 James Monroe Y
6 John Quincy Adams Y Y Y
8 Martin Van Buren
9 William Henry Harrison Y
10 John Tyler Y Y
11 James K. Polk Y Y
15 James Buchanan Y Y
19 Rutherford B. Hayes Y Y
20 James A. Garfield Y Y
21 Chester A. Arthur Y Y
26 Theodore Roosevelt Y Y
28 Woodrow Wilson Y
31 Herbert Hoover Y Y
32 Franklin D. Roosevelt Y Y
39 Jimmy Carter
42 Bill Clinton
43 George W. Bush
Spoken natively
Fluency in writing or speaking
Conversational or partial mastery
Barack Obama has an elementary understanding of Bahasa Indonesia, attributed to his time in Indonesia as a child. He has demonstrated this in both interviews and speeches - notably the 2011 address he gave to the University of Indonesia (UI) [50]
[49] His speeches in Spanish have had English dispersed throughout.[48]
Frederick W. Dallinger, Samuel Lathrop, Isaac C. Bates, William B. Calhoun, Horace Mann
Andrew Jackson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Texas, John Quincy Adams, President of the United States
List of former United States presidents who ran for office after leaving the presidency
Republican Party (United States), United States Senate, Grover Cleveland, United States House of Representatives, Democratic Party (United States)
Timeline of Presidents of the United States
Barack Obama, Abraham Lincoln, Grover Cleveland, Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton
List of Presidents of the United States with facial hair
Abraham Lincoln, John Quincy Adams, William Howard Taft, Los Angeles Times, President of the United States
Handedness of Presidents of the United States
Handedness, Barack Obama, Ronald Reagan, Herbert Hoover, Harry S. Truman
United States Presidents and control of Congress
Barack Obama, President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, Grover Cleveland, Ronald Reagan


"Lay conceptions of mental disorder: The folk psychiatry model" by Nick Haslam, Lauren Ban et al.
This article presents a theoretical model of laypeople's conceptions of mental disorder that is intended to serve as a basis for research and practice. This "folk psychiatry" model proposes that mental disorders, and other forms of psychological deviancy, are understood in terms of four underlying dimensions. Each dimension has a distinct cognitive underpinning, which is grounded in recent social psychological research and theory. Research evidence supporting the model is laid out, and implications of the model for public attitudes towards people suffering from mental disorders are discussed. The model offers a number of conceptual and practical advantages in an area where psychological theory has often been lacking.


Lyons is rather tall for a midlander, standing at 5'11"
Some of these rumors are untrue or are greatly exaggerated. Please feel free to add your own rumors under PC!
This page was last edited on 15 March 2015, at 22:16.


, choices the top choices with greatest image resolution just for you all, and this images is usually one among photographs libraries in your ideal images gallery in relation to New Pics Of Motel 6 Altoona Iowa. I hope you can want it.
put up simply by Jose Montgomery with 2018-06-26 07:35:50. To view all pictures within New Pics Of Motel 6 Altoona Iowa photos gallery remember to comply with that web page link.


Darren Aronofsky's dazzling pirouette into madness stars an Oscar-winning Natalie Portman as a ballerina driven by matriarchal obsession, self-loathing and sexual confusion. When a rival dancer (Mila Kunis) sets her sights on our heroine, the stage is set for tragedy and violence.
Jeremy Saulnier re-wires the old-fashioned revenge thriller into something less cathartic, and more unsettling. Macon Blair plays a homeless man who kills his parents murder, but screws everything up along the way. If it wasn't so thriller, Blue Ruin would be the anti-thriller.
Shion Sono's shocking, brutal, and utterly amoral thriller Cold Fish may not have had a major release in America, but those who have seen it understand its power. A mild-mannered aquarium owner named Syamoto (Mitsuru Fukikoshi) falls into orbit around his more successful rival Murata (Denden), only to discover that the confidence that makes Murata successful in business (and with the ladies) stems from sociopathic violence. As his wife and daughter become corrupted, we look to the mild-mannered Syamoto to lead us out of this Hell. But the only way out... is directly through.
Based on a grotesque true story, Craig Zobel's back room thriller Compliance tells the story of a fast food restaurant manager (Ann Dowd) who receives a phone call from a police officer (Pat Healy), implicating one of her employees. But as the story builds, and as all the employees are encouraged to do more and more questionable things in the name of this unseen authority, we realize that something altogether more sinister is going on. Unsettling and slimy.
Joel Edgerton wrote, directed and stars in this insidious little nightmare, about a seemingly idyllic couple (Jason Bateman and Rebecca Hall), who run into an old, old acquaintance (Edgerton) at random. Then he won't leave them alone. Is he a harmless kook? A dangerous stalker? The Gift takes everything you've come to expect from the psychological thriller genre and twists it around, hitting every target in sly, unnerving ways.
Savage twists are everywhere in David Fincher's gloomy, cynical marital thriller. Ben Affleck plays a man whose wife (Rosamund Pike) goes missing, and the media scrutiny soon turns him into a suspect. Then... something happens. You should discover what that is for yourself. Impressive performances and an unpleasant perspective on gender roles and 21st century romance make Gone Girl worth looking for.
A grieving man is invited back to his ex-wife's house for a dinner party, with his old friends and her new husband. That's uncomfortable enough already, but Will (Logan Marshall-Green) can't help notice sinister little details about the hosts, and their very well-guarded house. The build-up is nearly infuriating in The Invitation, because Karyn Kusama's film is such a potent drama about grief that it wouldn't actually have to end in violence in order to be satisfying. So stick around either way. You won't be disappointed.
Half thriller, half drama, all creepy. Sean Durkin's powerful Martha Marcy May Marlene stars Elizabeth Olsen as a young woman who escapes a disturbing cult, only to discover that her family can be just as controlling. John Hawkes is terrifying as the cult leader, but Olsen carries the film as a woman so torn she can barely function.
Dan Gilroy's brilliant thriller Nightcrawler stars Jake Gyllenhaal as an industrious young man who goes into business selling videotapes of car accidents and crime scenes. And when he starts getting good at it, he starts to realize that he can stage them all himself. Gyllenhaal gives a performance for the ages in a film that punches morality in the face and knocks some teeth loose in the process.
Korean thrill expert Chan-wook Park came to America to film this strange psychological scar, in which hauntingly beautiful images intertwine with sleazy psychodrama of the highest (or possibly lowest) order). Mia Wasikowska plays a young girl taken in by her alluring uncle, played by Matthew Goode, right after the mysterious death of her father. Something wholly untoward runs in this film, and it runs deep. Wading into Stoker's madness is a haunting enterprise.


text:
You are here: Home / Supreme Court / Marriage Equality at the Supreme Court 2.0: What To Expect at Oral Argument Tomorrow?
Marriage Equality at the Supreme Court 2.0: What To Expect at Oral Argument Tomorrow?
by Ari Ezra Waldman
On Tuesday, the Supreme Court will hear oral argument in a case called Obergefell v. Hodges. Mr. Obergefell, an Ohio man who married his late husband in a medically-equipped jet on a tarmac in Maryland, is just one plaintiff among several, bringing one case among several. But this case gives the Court the chance to make the freedom to marry a nationwide reality.
Mary Bonauto, a veteran of the LGBT equality movement and winning litigator in the Massachusetts marriage case, will argue on behalf of Michigan and Kentucky couples seeking the right to marry in their home states. Douglas Hallward-Driemeier, a former assistant solicitor general, will argue for Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee plaintiffs. Plaintiffs from these states married elsewhere and seek home-state recognition of their out-of-state marriage.
There are, then, two separate questions to be argued on Tuesday: (1) Does the Fourteenth Amendment allow states to ban gays from marrying? (2) Does the Fourteenth Amendment allow states to refuse to recognize valid same-sex marriages performed in other states?
Looking forward to oral arguments on Tuesday, a few underlying questions should dominate the discussion. How the Court approaches these salient issues should determine the outcome.
CONTINUED, AFTER THE JUMP…
First, should the Court decide?
If you recall, a 2-1 majority of a panel of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeal held that Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee could ban same-sex marriage. Judge Sutton, in a decision that, I have argued, amounted to an abrogation of the judicial role, used the inapposite Baker v. Nelson to suggest that his hands were tied. A court of unelected judges, he said, should not overrule the will of the people, which had voted to ban the practice in each state. Never mind that it is indeed the role of the courts to overrule the people when the people commit grievous acts of injustice. Never mind that popular will has changed. Back in November, I wrote this:
Judge Sutton's overriding concern, repeated a number of times during the opinion, is that it is his not his place to cut short a political process that is playing itself out in the states. Voters and elected officials are deciding what marriage laws they want and it is not for the federal judiciary or the Constitution to get in the way. He states: "Not one of the plaintiffs' theories, however, makes the case for constitutionalizing the definition of marriage and for removing the issue from the place it has been since the founding: in the hands of state voters."
Tomorrow, the Supreme Court will determine whether he's right. There are likely several justices who either sincerely believe this doctrine or are willing to hang their hats on it when it suits their views: Justice Thomas probably believes it; Justice Scalia believes it when it's convenient. Justice Alito doesn't really believe it; his opinions in countless other areas suggest no modesty whatsoever. But he would join any conservative anti-equality opinion in this case. And Chief Justice Roberts made this kind of analysis a centerpiece of his Judiciary Committee hearings.
Luckily, as we have seen in his previous LGBT law decisions, Justice Kennedy does not believe in across-the-board judicial deference to oppressors.
Second, what right is at issue here?
On its face, this case is about gays marrying. But accepting that framing of the question accepts the legitimacy of the anti-equality narrative: this case isn't about gays marrying; this case is about marriage. The plaintiffs, gay and lesbian couples who want to marry, are not asking for a new right to get "gay married." Thinking this way is the same error the Supreme Court made in Bowers v. Hardwick, where Justice White said that the plaintiffs were looking for a constitutional right to have gay sex. Rather, the Obergefell plaintiffs are asking to be included in an institution of marriage that has a long, storied, and important history in the United States. They could win in one of two ways:
If marriage is a fundamental right, as the Supreme Court has said in 14 different cases, then states cannot so arbitrarily deny such an important right to certain citizens. Or, it's a matter of equal protection: opposite-sex couples, even those who could never biologically have children, can marry, so preventing similar gay couples from marrying is a violation of the Constitution's guarantee of equality for all persons.
Which theory the Court chooses is less important to Main Street than the end result. What's more, if Justice Kennedy writes the decision, and if his Lawrence and Windsor decisions are any indication, we are likely in store for a pretty mushy, sorta-due process, sorta-equal protection ruling that is both unclear and a little analytically frustrating.
And third, how will the Court decide?
In other words, will there be any mention of the level of scrutiny a court must bring to a situation where the state discriminates against gays? We have discussed the level of scrutiny debate for some time. Many district courts and even a couple of appellate courts decided that antigay discrimination merits some form of heightened scrutiny; indeed, the President thinks so, too. But, again, if Justice Kennedy write this opinion, it is unlikely we will get a strong statement in this regard. Plus, he probably does not need to address it given how irrational these marriage discrimination laws are anyway.
Stay tuned to Towleroad for reporting and analysis of the hearing tomorrow.
Ari Ezra Waldman is Associate Professor of Law and the Director of the Institute for Information Law and Policy at New York Law School. He holds a Ph.D. from Columbia University, a J.D. from Harvard Law School, and a B.A. from Harvard College. Ari writes regular posts on law and various LGBT issues.
April 27, 2015 Filed Under: Supreme Court Tagged With: Ari Ezra Waldman, gay marriage, Law - Gay, LGBT, Supreme Court
Previous Post: « Theatre News: 'An American in Paris', 'Finding Neverland', 'Amazing Grace', 'King Charles III', 'The Gin Game' and More
Next Post: Mariah Carey Spills the Tea on Her Heartbreak In Lyric Video for 'Infinity' – WATCH »


Events that are College-wide can be emailed to all students by emailing Dr. Arnel Cosey at acosey@dcc.edu. The email must be written as you want it to be delivered to the student body. In the subject, please list the title of the event and add please send to students.
To add information into the student activities calendar and listed on the Student Life Facebook page, please send the signed event function request to Laura Lindstrom at llinds@dcc.edu. Again, please make sure all of the information about the event is included on the event description section of the function request.
Any event that is open to the community (outside of Delgado) can also be advertised by the public relations office. Contact Tony Cook at tcook@dcc.edu.
Please email Tony Cook at tcook@dcc.edu to have events emailed to all faculty and staff. The email must be written as you want it to be delivered to the student body. In the subject, please list the title of the event and add please send to faculty/staff.
Important: Please see the College policy on flyer distribution before posting any flyers.


Buying a car can be a taxing investment, but it shouldn't be a major hassle. That's why our certified staff will work hard to help match you with the ideal Toyota car for your lifestyle and budget.
Purchasing a brand new or quality pre-owned car doesn't have to be a hassle. Your neighborhood Toyota dealerships make it fast and simple to find the best brand new or quality pre-owned Toyota for you.
How much your car is worth? Certified sales representatives at your neighborhood Toyota dealerships near you are able to provide answers to trade-in questions and show you the actual KBB value of your vehicle.
Toyota dealerships in Clear Creek, Indiana are fully-stocked with genuine Toyota OEM parts to make sure your Toyota stays running like brand-new.
Be sure that we always work hard to keep your Toyota working hard for you. When it's time for your next auto care check up, be sure to rely on the certified mechanics at your local Toyota dealerships to give you the highest quality Toyota car service.
Not sure how to get in touch with your local Toyota dealer? Look for contact details like the address of the Toyota dealer closest to you, important collision center phone numbers and Toyota dealer business times in Clear Creek, Indiana.


Is it possible to copy or export my data?
Yes you can easily export your data using our REST API or by contacting us for a copy of your data.
Can I request a custom / additional feature be added to TalkJS?
We consider each custom feature request on a case by case basis depending on the customer, how urgent the issue is and how many of our users would benefit from the proposed feature. Contact us if you'd like to discuss the possibility of a custom feature request.
Can I translate TalkJS to a different language?
Yes! We have localization support to show TalkJS in your user's own language. This localizes all UI texts like "Send", "Show more messages", and so on. Please get in touch to see whether your preferred language is already supported. If not, we can add it quickly.
Can I (the platform admin) be notified by email if a customer sends a message to a specific supplier?
Is there a built in way to collect a visitor's name and email?
Is it possible that if a user is on a product page then only that particular seller is displayed on the chat?
How many users is the maximum limit for a single chatroom?
There is no maximum limit for the amount of users.
Can I change the styling of the chat UIs?
Can I use TalkJS in a mobile app?
Yes! TalkJS was designed mobile-first and works great on both mobile browsers and inside mobile apps. Inside a mobile app, it works inside a WebView component, which is available on all common mobile platforms. Mobile native SDKs are on our roadmap to make things even easier. We'd be happy to help out if needed!