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text:
\section{introduction}
Atomic environment fingerprints encode information about the chemical environment such as bond-lengths to neighboring atoms or coordination numbers \cite{mallat, christensen2020fchl, smith2020ani,doi:10.1063/5.0015571, P3136,P5292,P5075,P5420,P4862,P4644,P5645,doi:10.1021,huang2017dna,mallat,huan}.
The Cartesian coordinates of the atoms in a system are not a useful fingerprint since
the invariance of the energy under certain operations is not encoded in such a fingerprint.
 A fingerprint should be invariant under uniform translations, rotations, and permutation of identical atoms in the system.
 In addition fingerprints should be unique in the sense that two environments are
 guaranteed to be identical if their fingerprints are identical. If this condition is not satisfied two different non-degenerate structures will
 be assigned the same energy by a machine learning scheme where such a fingerprint
 is used as an input. In the numerical context an even stronger condition has to be fulfilled. To facilitate machine learning schemes, the fingerprint difference has to correlate with the amount of dissimilarity
 between the environments. In particular this means that two structures
 whose fingerprint difference is very small should also be very similar.
 We will show in this investigation that this condition is not always fulfilled for some standard fingerprints.
 There is obviously no unique measure of
 dissimilarity, but the quality of the fingerprint can indirectly be deduced from the fact that different fingerprints lead
 to learning curves that have different convergence rates~\cite{langer2021representations,poelking2021benchml}.
 As we will show the extremely small variation of some standard fingerprints on the manifolds we discovered  leads to a failure to machine learn certain four-body interactions.

 Two well-known fingerprints that are commonly used in machine learning of the potential energy surface are the smooth overlap of atomic positions (SOAP) \cite{bartok2013representing} and the atom-centered symmetry functions (ACSF). ACSFs consist of radial and angular symmetry functions. The Radial symmetry functions ($G_2$) are sums of two-body terms and describe the radial environment of an atom. The angular symmetry functions contain the summation of three-body terms and describe the angular environment of an atom~\cite{behler2007generalized,behler2011atom}.

  In the SOAP fingerprint,
  a Gaussian is centered on each atom within the cutoff distance around the reference atom $k$. The resulting density of atoms multiplied with a cutoff function, which goes smoothly to zero at the cutoff radius over some characteristic width,
  is then expanded in terms of orthogonal radial functions $g_{n}(r)$ and spherical harmonics $Y_{lm}(\theta,\phi)$ as $\rho^k(\mathbf{r})=\sum_{nlm}{c^k_{nlm}g_n(r)Y_{lm}(\theta,\phi)}$. The vector containing all $p^k_{nn'l}$'s, defined as $p^k_{nn'l}=\sqrt{\frac{8\pi^2}{2l+1}}\sum_{m}{c^k_{nlm}(c^{k}_{n'lm})^{*}}$, with $n,n' \leq n_{max}$ and $l \leq l_{max}$ is the SOAP fingerprint vector of atom $k$ ~\cite{bartok2013representing}.

  The Overlap Matrix (OM) fingerprint is based on a diagonalization.

  In the OM scheme we place a minimal basis set of Gaussian orbitals on all atoms within a cutoff radius and then calculate the overlap matrix between all the orbitals. The resulting overlap matrix is modulated by some smooth cutoff function. The eigenvalues of the resulting matrix form the fingerprint vector of the reference atom in OM ~\cite{zhu2016fingerprint, sadeghi2013metrics}.
  { color{blue} In contrast to another method which is based on eigenvalues of a matrix, namely the Coulomb Matrix
method~\cite{coulomb}, our fingerprint consists of 4N eigenvalues and contains therefore enough information
to specify the 3N Cartesian coordinates of an environment of N atoms~\cite{Moussa}.}
  We will show that both SOAP and ACSF

  fingerprints are insensitive to certain movements, which allows us to construct manifolds of quasi-constant fingerprint for both.

  The QUIPPY~\cite{quippy} software, which is the original  software of the
  SOAP developers, is used to calculate both the ACSF and SOAP fingerprints.

  In a recent investigation~\cite{pozdnyakov2020incompleteness} of the SOAP fingerprint it was found that for the $CH_4$ molecule there are two distinct configurations which give rise to exactly the same fingerprint. In this work we go one step further and show that there exist even manifolds in configuration space with quasi-constant fingerprints.
  We call a fingerprint quasi-constant if its variation is so small that is behaves
  numerically like a constant fingerprint.

\section{methodology}\label{methodology}

The sensitivity matrix was introduced to study the behaviour of atomic fingerprints under infinitesimal changes on the atomic coordinates \cite{parsaeifard2020assessment}. The square of fingerprint distance between a reference atomic configuration, $\bm R_0$, and a configuration displaced by $\bm{\Delta R}$, $\bm R$, can be expanded in a  Taylor series as:

\begin{equation}
\left( \bm{F(R)} - \bm{F^0} \right)^2 = \sum_{\alpha,\beta}
\Delta {R}_{\alpha} \left( \sum_i  g_{i,\alpha}  g_{i,\beta} \right)  \Delta {R}_{\beta}
\end{equation}

where $\bm {F^0}$ is the fingerprint of the reference configuration, $\bm {F(R)}$ is the fingerprint of the displaced configuration and $g_{i,\alpha}$ is the gradient of the $i$-th component of the fingerprint vector with respect to
the Cartesian components $\alpha$ of the position vector $\bm{R}$.
\begin{equation}
    g_{i,\alpha} = \left.  \frac{ \partial F_i}{\partial R_{\alpha} } \right|_{\bm{R} = \bm{R}_0} \
\end{equation}
Hence $\alpha$ and $\beta$ run from 1 up to three times the number of atoms. Since we use four orbitals per atom (one s and 3 p type orbitals), $i$ runs from 1 to four times the number of atoms $N$.

The symmetric $3N \times 3N$  matrix $S_{\alpha,\beta}=\sum_i g_{i,\alpha}g_{i,\beta}$ is the sensitivity matrix. It tells us how strongly the fingerprint varies when the atoms are moved. $N$ is the number of neighbours of the reference atom (including itself) for which the sensitivity matrix is calculated. Since $\bm S$ is symmetric its eigenvalues are real and its eigenvectors form a complete basis set of the configurational space, \textit{i.e.}:
\begin{equation}
    \bm S=\sum_{i=1}^{3N} \lambda_i |\bm v_i><\bm v_i|
\end{equation}
Since we can write any arbitrary displacement as $\bm {\Delta R}=\sum_i c_i |\bm{v_i}>$ with $c_i=<\bm{v_i}|\bm {\Delta R}>$, the square of fingerprint distance can be written in terms of the eigenvalues contribution as:
\begin{equation}
    \left(\bm{F(R)} - \bm{F^0}\right)^2=\sum_i \lambda_i c_i^2
\end{equation}
This means that the eigenvectors of the sensitivity matrix are displacement modes and the eigenvalues show how much the fingerprint changes under movements along these modes.
The sensitivity matrix has 6 zero eigenvalues. The associated eigenvectors describe 3 uniform translations and 3 rotations of the atoms.
In the following we will only consider displacements that do not contain any translations or rotations.
For a unit displacement along the $i$-th eigenvector of the sensitivity matrix, the fingerprint distance $\Delta F$ is $\sqrt{\lambda_i}$.
So if the sensitivity matrix has more than 6 zero eigenvalues there will be infinitesimal displacements that leave the fingerprint invariant. If more than 6 zero eigenvalues exist not only in a point but on a manifold, one can follow these zero modes by just moving by small amounts in the direction of
the corresponding eigenvectors and obtain in this way finite displacements that leave the fingerprint invariant.  It is actually not necessary that the eigenvalue is exactly zero. If there exists a manifold on which one eigenvalue is
smaller by several orders of magnitude than the other eigenvalues there will be finite movements
that leave the fingerprint nearly constant compared to other movements. Fingerprints which are constant or numerically quasi-constant are clearly problematic. It means that such a fingerprint can not distinguish any more
structural differences that give rise to different physical and chemical properties.

In the tests of all systems presented in this work we used $n_{max}=l_{max}=16$ as well as a Gaussian width $ \sigma $ of 0.3 \AA\ for SOAP. To check that the results are not improved by smaller values of $ \sigma$ we redo our
calculations for $ \sigma = 0.1$ for one system. For ACSF we used 10 radial and 48 angular symmetry functions with standard parameters as in \cite{parsaeifard2020assessment}. A cutoff of 4.8 \AA\ is used for ACSF.
For SOAP the cutoff is given by $\sigma n_{max}$. Our observations show that the appearance  of the manifold and its effect on machine learning do not change significantly for other reasonable choices of the parameters. We have scaled the sensitivity matrix for all fingerprints such that
the largest eigenvalue is one.

\begin{figure*}[!tp]
    \centering

    \includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth]{fig-nh3-png.jpg}
    \caption{The top row shows the translations and rotation free manifold of quasi-constant fingerprint of the central N atom in NH$_3$ for SOAP (left column) and ACSF (right column).

    The diameter of the largest rings in both SOAP and ACSF is about 0.1 \AA. The second row shows the fingerprint distances of the N atom for configurations along a trajectory on this manifold. The fingerprint distances obtained with OM are compared with the SOAP/ACSF distances. The red circles indicate the fingerprint distances of the N-atom in randomly displaced configurations (by a maximum of 0.02 \AA) and the blue triangles distances on the manifold. The last row shows the eigenvalues of the sensitivity matrix along the manifold. Eigenvalues 1 to 6, corresponding to uniform translations and rotations, are zero up to the machine precision level and are not shown.
    The largest eigenvalue, which is always scaled to 1, is not shown either.}

    \label{fig:nh3}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}[!tp]
    \centering

    \includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth]{fig-ch4-png.jpg}
    \caption{Same as Fig. \ref{fig:nh3} but for C atom in CH$_4$. The diameter of the largest rings is about 0.15 \AA.
    }

    \label{fig:ch4}
\end{figure*}

\section{results} \label{result}
\subsection{Manifolds of Quasi-Constant Fingerprint}
We apply now the method explained in the previous section to three small molecules, namely
H$_2$O, NH$_3$, and CH$_4$ to investigate the manifold of constant fingerprint.
The names of these molecules are in this context just placeholders for the scenarios where a central atom has environments containing 2, 3 or 4 neighboring atoms.
In the case of H$_2$O the reference atom O has only two neighbours, \textit{i.e.} any fingerprint with three-body terms is sufficient to fully characterize its local environment. As expected, no manifold of constant fingerprint can be found with SOAP and ACSF for the O-atom in H$_2$O.

For the NH$_3$ and CH$_4$ where higher order many-body term come into play, the situation is however different and  constant fingerprint manifolds exists.
In Fig. \ref{fig:nh3} we show the SOAP constant fingerprint trajectory in the upper left panel for NH$_3$. The rings shown in the figure are the superpositions of many frames along such a trajectory that leaves the fingerprint invariant. In each frame the atoms are represented by small spheres such that the superposition of all the atomic positions describes
the movement.
As can be seen from the bottom left panel the smallest eigenvalue of the sensitivity matrix is in this case about 5 to 6 orders of magnitude smaller than the largest one.
The blue triangles in the middle panels of the Fig. \ref{fig:nh3} represent the fingerprint distance between the N atom in the configurations along the trajectory on the manifold and the N atom in the initial configuration on the manifold.
Even though
the configurations undergo finite movements on these rings, the SOAP fingerprint distance is less than $5\times 10^{-4}$ among all the configurations on the ring. This is very small compared to random movements of comparable amplitude which
lead to fingerprint distances of about $10^{-2}$ as shown by the red dots in Fig.~\ref{fig:nh3}. We could generate such quasi-constant manifolds for any
initial structure that is not too close to a high symmetry structure. So this means that there is not only one
such manifold but essentially an infinite number of them.

The right column of Fig. \ref{fig:nh3} shows the results for the ACSF.
The manifold is also ring shaped and its diameter is very similar to the case of SOAP.
The ratio between the fingerprint distances for equal amplitude movement on and off the manifold are also very similar. For the trajectory shown in  the top right panel of Fig.~\ref{fig:nh3} the smallest eigenvalue was 6 to 7 orders of magnitude smaller than the largest one and the fingerprint
changed by less than $2\times 10^{-3}$ along the trajectory
whereas for random displacements with similar amplitudes the fingerprint distance changed by up to $0.2$.

The same kind of manifolds exist for the carbon atom in CH$_4$.
Fig.~\ref{fig:ch4} shows the manifolds of constant fingerprint for the central C-atom in a CH$_4$ molecule with both SOAP and ACSF.
The diameter of the largest ring is about 0.15 \AA\ for both SOAP and ACSF.
As can be seen from the bottom panels in Fig~\ref{fig:ch4} the ratio of the largest to the smallest eigenvalue is about $10^5$ for SOAP and
$10^7$ for ACSF and the fingerprints change by less than $2\times 10^{-3}$ for ACSF and less than $5\times 10^{-4}$ for SOAP.

 We couldn't find such a manifold for any of the studied molecules and configurations with the OM fingerprint, \textit{i.e.} the OM fingerprint always recognizes structural differences. For this reason we use the OM fingerprint in Fig.~\ref{fig:nh3} and Fig.~\ref{fig:ch4} to detect differences between the atomic environments on the manifold of the SOAP and ACSF fingerprints.

\begin{figure*}[tp!]
    \centering
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{\columnwidth}
         \centering
         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fit-fourbody_om-png.jpg}

         \caption{}
    \end{subfigure}
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{\columnwidth}
         \centering

         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fit-fourbody-soap-c4-8-n16-l16-s0-3-png.jpg}
         \caption{}
    \end{subfigure}
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{\columnwidth}
         \centering

         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fit-fourbody_acsf-png.jpg}
         \caption{}
    \end{subfigure}
    \caption{ Machine learning results of four-body energies for \textbf{a}) OM, \textbf{b}) SOAP, and \textbf{c}) ACSF. The SOAP and ACSF fingerprints have a very poor extrapolation for the four-body energies of the structures on the manifold. }
    \label{fig:ML}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}[tp!]
    \centering
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{\columnwidth}
         \centering
         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{manif-nl16-c1-6s0-1-png.jpg}
         \caption{}
    \end{subfigure}
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{\columnwidth}
         \centering
         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{manif-nl16-c1-6s0-1-fp-png.jpg}
         \caption{}
    \end{subfigure}
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{\columnwidth}
         \centering
         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{logeigvalevo-nl16-c1-6s0-1-cbar-m-png.jpg}
         \caption{}
    \end{subfigure}
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{\columnwidth}
         \centering
         \includegraphics[width=1.1\textwidth]{fit-fourbody-soap-c1-6-n16-l16-s0-1-png.jpg}
         \caption{}
    \end{subfigure}
    \caption{ \textbf{a}) The manifold of constant fingerprint \textbf{b}) the fingerprint distances, \textbf{c}) The eigenvalues of the sensitivity matrix along the manifold, and \textbf{d}) the machine learning results of four-body energies for the SOAP fingerprint with $\sigma=0.1$. The result shows that lowering $\sigma$ does not eliminate the manifolds of constant fingerprint for SOAP.
    Even though some erratic variation of the fingerprint can now be seen by eye in panel \textbf{b}), this variation is still too small
    to suppress the problems in machine learning (panel \textbf{d}).}
    \label{fig:ML-soap0.1}
\end{figure*}

\subsection{Consequences for Machine Learning}

The bond lengths between the central atom and the surrounding atoms change
hardly for the movements on the manifolds. The angles between the central atom and pairs of surrounding atoms also change very little.
Since the two and three body terms are responsible for the largest variation of the energy, the DFT energy varies only by about a mHa
on these manifolds (Fig.~\ref{fig:en-along-manifold}).
But even though this energy change is small, tortional energies of this
order are responsible for the the folding of proteines and other
biomolecules. Therefore such four-body interactions are considered an essential part in all classical force fields.
An energy variation of a mHa is also about one order of magnitude larger than the target accuracy of modern machine learning schemes which is one meV/atom~\cite{behler_machine_2021} i.e. about 0.04 mHa/atom.

\begin{figure}[h!]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{en_manifold.pdf}
    \caption{Total DFT energy of  CH$_4$ structures evenly distributed on the manifold of quasi-constant fingerprint of Fig.\ref{fig:ch4}. The energy variation is of the order of a mHa.  }
    \label{fig:en-along-manifold}
\end{figure}

The deficiencies of the SOAP and ACSF fingerprints in the context of machine learning can therefore best be detected if one considers only four-body terms. For this reason we consider a restricted energy that consists only of the standard torsion terms found in most force fields.
It consists of the sum of all cosine squared of the torsion angles with respect to the central atom.
As expected and shown in Fig. \ref{fig:ML}, a machine learning scheme based on the SOAP and ACSF fingerprints for the central atom is not able to learn this four-body energy for structures on a quasi-constant manifold. Actually even if the configurations of the manifold
are included in the training set they can not be machine learned.
Since there is a huge number of manifolds, it would in practice however anyway not be possible to include all manifolds in the training set.  If, in contrast, the OM fingerprint is used, the energy can be learned without the need to include points on manifolds.

It was recently shown that the condition number, i.e the  ratio between the largest and smallest eigenvalue of the mapping from cartesian
coordinates to a SOAP fingerprint vector is improved for values of
$\sigma$ that are smaller than the values used in previous applications~\cite{mafia}.
This implies that the smallest eigenvalues of the sensitivity matrix
for configurations on the manifold should be larger for smaller values of $\sigma$. For this reason we have repeated our calculations of $CH_4$ with
a smaller value of $\sigma = 0.1$. We can indeed observe that the smallest non-zero eigenvalue is now larger, but the manifold is hardly changed (see Fig.~\ref{fig:ML-soap0.1}).
In addition, the variation of the fingerprint on the manifold is still so small
that machine learning of the manifolds fails (see Fig~\ref{fig:ML-soap0.1}).

 The machine learning results shown in this paper were obtained by the Pytorch~\cite{paszke2017automatic, NEURIPS2019_9015} software using a feed-forward neural network with three hidden layers of 64, 128, and 64 nodes.
 The activation function for the output layer was linear and for all other layers
 the tanh was used. A batch normalization on the hidden layers was also performed. We used the Adam optimizer \cite{kingma2014adam} for the optimization of the network. The training was continued until the loss function could not be improved any further.

\section{Conclusion}
In conclusion, by following the eigenvectors of the sensitivity matrix corresponding to small eigenvalues we can find manifolds of quasi-constant fingerprint for SOAP and ACSF. The fact that configurations that are different and have therefore different torsional energies, are considered to be quasi-identical by the fingerprint prevents the machine learning of these torsional energies.
The four-body interactions that are explicitly included in all traditional force fields
can therefore only be reproduced with limited accuracy in a machine learning scheme that uses these fingerprints.
Contrary to a widespread belief the SOAP fingerprint is not better than ACSF in resolving four-body terms.
The many-body nature of the OM fingerprint makes it an attractive fingerprint for resolving with high fidelity structural differences as well as for various applications~\cite{AliML,joost}.

\section{Acknowledgements}
This research was partly performed within the NCCR MARVEL, funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation. The calculations were performed on the computational resources of the Swiss National Supercomputer (CSCS) under project s963 and on the Scicore computing center of the University of Basel.

\section{conflict of interest}
The authors have no conflicts to disclose.

\section{DATA AVAILABILITY}
The data that support the findings will be made available after acceptance of this MS on github.

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Home Month and Year December 2022 EPCOR Officially Opens the kīsikāw pīsim Solar Farm
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EPCOR Officially Opens the kīsikāw pīsim Solar Farm
The kīsikāw pīsim solar farm is now in operation, generating renewable electricity to help power the E. L. Smith Water Treatment Plant. The solar farm will provide up to half the energy required by the plant, which supplies 65 per cent of the water required by Edmonton and surrounding communities.
With 30,350 solar panels capturing energy from the sun, the solar farm will generate enough power to cut greenhouse gas emissions by an estimated 14,000 tonnes every year.
"The kīsikāw pīsim solar farm is an example of the work we're doing to support a greener future today," says Stuart Lee, EPCOR president & CEO. "This project will make a significant and lasting impact in environmental sustainability by allowing us to produce clean water using clean energy. It will make the water treatment plant more self-sufficient and climate resilient; and EPCOR would like to thank all our partners who brought their leadership and vision to help make it a reality."
A key element of the project is the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) connected to the solar farm. Using the latest innovative technologies, the BESS – with more than 1,000 batteries in two separate sea-can style containers within the plant's fence line – will store energy for use when it's needed most and help support greater resiliency of the water treatment plant.
Earlier this year, the kīsikāw pīsim (KEY-see-gaw PEE-sim) solar farm was gifted its Indigenous name by Enoch Cree Nation (ECN). The name means "daylight sun" and is represented in Cree syllabics as ᑮᓯᑳᐤ ᐲᓯᒼ .
The naming is one element of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between EPCOR and ECN, signed in 2020, that formalizes a strong, cooperative relationship between the two parties. In the MOU, both parties acknowledged their shared support for the principles of the Edmonton Declaration, which calls for immediate and urgent action to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
Additionally, EPCOR is transferring 31.5 acres of land to the City of Edmonton to extend and improve its recreational trail network. As well, the company has enlarged the wildlife corridor along the river by 25 per cent and added more than three acres of grassy meadow outside of the fence line.
EPCOR has already begun restoring more than seven acres of the site into tree and shrub habitat, adding more trees to facilitate wildlife movement and visual screening, as well as re-introducing native grasses to enhance biodiversity. The last of the 30,350 solar panels was installed in March and the solar farm started generating power earlier this summer.
"The kīsikāw pīsim solar farm underscores the importance EPCOR places on sustainable, responsible operations," Lee adds. "We are committed to supporting our communities in their efforts to address the challenges of climate change."
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text:
Point guard Goran Dragic to stick with Heat in NBA free agency
Goran Dragic confirmed during the opening minute of Friday's NBA free-agency negotiation period that he will return to the Miami Heat.Dragic's deal is two years, at $37 million, with a team option in the second year, paying $18 million this coming season and then $19.5 million in 2021-22.The agreement means the Heat effectively are removed from the salary-cap space game this offseason to directly sign a high-priced outside free agent, but also allows the Heat to potentially maximize cap space for the 2021 offseason.The veteran point guard who had grown particularly close to Heat forward Jimmy …


I was putting an order in for myself last night and I got the message when I tried to transmit the show that I was using an old version of PP. I am using the fall/winter 2005 version. Anyone had this problem or know how to solve it?
In the Weekly Bites (I think last week, may have been week before), it specified that you must download the updates in order to submit future shows because there were many changes to Pampered Partner.
Because I'm on dial-up internet, I always go to Consultant's Corner and see what the most recent update is before doing it "just because" from Pampered Partner. You definitely need to do it once a month to keep most recent specials, etc.
I'm running 13.1.2 right now and no problems.
Thanks so much I will have to try that and see if it works...hopefully it does. I was so frustrated when it wasn't working.
Same thing happened to me, Jess. I had used the disk in the paperwork changeover kit to upgrade and then when I tried to submit my first September show, it wouldn't take it. I just clicked on "download update" and it started working fine. Weird, huh?
Do I do the update through Pampered Partner?
I do my updates through Pampered Partner. If you are using dial-up I find it easier to do the download late at night. Otherwise, the download timed out. Not anymore though the download on my wireless DSL is lightening fast anytime.
I am currently running version 13.2.


This is made from ash wood and finished with a natural varnish.
The holder is the perfect size for table number, small signs, menus and more.
This wooden holder is a nice decoration for wedding, party or restaurant.


text:
Christa Muth
German systems scientist (born 1949)
This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (April 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Muth in 2011
Rheydt, Germany
Christa Muth (born November 24, 1949) is a German systems scientist, management professor and management consultant. She spent most of her life in Switzerland and is notable for emphasizing the importance of the intangible aspects in organizations and in business strategies. She coined the term "Human Systems Engineering" and gave it to a Master of Advanced Studies Program she developed at the HES-SO (University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland). After she handed over the direction of this program to a successor, she developed a new area of interest in the field of "societal innovation".
Muth is a trans woman and activist for the transgender community. She was assigned a male gender at birth and lived and published under the names Christophe Muth, Christoph Muth and Chris Muth until she was 58. She transitioned high-speed in less than 6 months and in the public eye with an exemplary support of her employer, her students, her colleagues and her clients.
2 Professional experience in the post '68 context
3 Development of management and strategy concepts
4 Contributions to the changes in the Swiss universities system
5 Human Systems Engineering
6 Transition
7 Societal Innovation
8 Home life
Muth was born in Rheydt / North Rhine-Westphalia, a borough of Mönchengladbach in a family of textile industrials. Their Lutheran faith led the family of her maternal grandfather to refuse the membership in the Nazi NSDAP Party, which endangered her family and brought several troubles during the era of the Third Reich. After the end of World War II in 1945, the strict religious attitude paid off: 15 years of booming success and wealth in part due to business with the Allied forces which privileged partners who had not been Nazis. In 1960, when it was clear that the German textile industry would get into heavy troubles under the pressure of Asiatic competition, Muth's mother dropped her job and withdrew out of this branch. She moved with her second husband to the Lausanne area. Hence, Muth was educated in the French and later in the Italian speaking area of Switzerland. She gained her diploma for access to university in Bellinzona. She studied Economic History and Sociology at the Geneva University where she had the opportunity to work and share ideas with intellectuals like Edgar Morin, Jean Ziegler, Jean Piaget and Paolo Freire. Muth earned her Ph.D. in 1991 at the Swiss Campus of La Jolla University, San Diego, where she attended lectures with Paul Watzlawick and Henri Laborit. Her doctoral thesis (in German) was about private and public academic education (Erfolg und Marketing von Privatuniversitäten).
Professional experience in the post '68 context[edit]
In the post '68 movement, Muth opted for a politically liberal attitude promoting alternative businesses rather than violent confrontation with the system. In her view, these businesses had the advantage to develop an in depth understanding of the realities and constraints in management rather than judging and condemn. She initiated several businesses or assisted interested groups in the launch. The condition for her participation was always a participative or better self-governed management model (autogestion). The objectives of the initiatives in which she participated invariably focused on sustainability, empowerment and creating jobs for those who were in trouble finding appropriate work in line with their values. Despite her values and intentions, Muth was harshly criticized because of her management style which was perceived by some as pseudo-democratic and authoritarian. Some of the businesses she started made it to survive until today, the most notable and where she had a leading role as founder-manager for 6 years is probably Voyages APN in Geneva, originally a travel agency and coach transport company in the legal form of a cooperative. Ten years after her departure from this company the staff took over the company, discarded the form of the cooperative and instated private ownership.
Development of management and strategy concepts[edit]
Later, Muth was active in technology valorization, M&A, succession management and organization development. In 20 years of consulting for public and private organizations of every size and any kind, she has often accepted high risk assignments when the survival of the organization was at stake. She initiated and managed several turnarounds in organisational cultures and mostly privileged working on the intangible factors to resolve critical situations, such as communication, motivation, teamwork, corporate culture. Most of the time, her approach proved to be the right one if compared with approaches based exclusively on structures, facts and figures. Muth has provided consultancy to major companies at a high hierarchical level in Switzerland and Europe, like UBS, Swiss Re, CS, Swisscom, and Electrolux. From a methodological point of view, Muth was strongly influenced by Systems thinking (Frederic Vester[1] and James Grier Miller[2]), the model of the triune brain (Paul D. MacLean), Existential Analysis (Viktor Frankl)[3] and by the sociological research carried out by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi.[4] In her role as main researcher and developer for the Leonardo 3.4.5 methodology she condensed this knowledge into a tool intended to help organizations to master complexity and to assess organizational strategies in relation with mental patterns of management teams. This methodology was developed as a Eureka project with the participation of research teams in Switzerland, UK, Italy, Germany and France. From 2003 to 2009, Muth was President of the Association of the Swiss Printing Industry. At this time she committed herself to reorient the printing industry to Sustainable Development providing the branch with analysis and concepts for survival in the context of globalization.[5][6][7][8][9][10] The Association became leader in industrial sustainability policies (CO2 free printing), refusing the alibi of compensation certificates.
Contributions to the changes in the Swiss universities system[edit]
In 1993, Muth was hired as a consultant to esig+ (Ecole Suisse d'Ingénieurs de l'Industrie Graphique et de l'emballage – Swiss College of Engineering for the Printing and Packaging Industry). The School had the ambition to become the first College at University level to achieve an ISO 9001 quality certification. To do so a turnaround in the organization culture and in the teaching methods was necessary. Hence her blend of knowledge in neuroscience, learning biology, psychology, systems sciences and organization development was the perfect match. During the quality certification, esig+ became the main model for Rolf Dubs who was at this time the mentor of the Swiss Confederation for the development of the Universities of Applied Sciences. Muth was asked for extensive input about her futuristic vision of teaching and leading academic institutions. She participated as a member of the esig+ management staff in the whole process of development in Rolf Dubs' work group. Muth strongly advocated to include soft skills and social competence in academic curricula and to transform the teaching methods and relations between faculty and students accordingly. Many innovations in the academic context, like the possibility to do diploma or master thesis' in groups are due to her determination to challenge and oppose academic traditions. In 2000, esig+ was merged into HEIG-VD as department Comem+ (Communications Engineering Management) and Muth was asked to package the type of knowledge she used for the turnaround of esig+ in order to make it transmissible and teachable in a Master of Advanced Studies (MAS).
Human Systems Engineering[edit]
In 1999 Muth received the assignment from the university to create a Master Program for extended education focused on intangible factors in organizations. She coined the term Human Systems Engineering and set up the first conceptual lineaments of the iter studiorum. Later, Prof. Marie-France Bourdais joined her to design, to promote the final version of the program and to run it with the first cohorts of students. HSE became quite popular and received a warm welcome from business and financial press.[11][12] Later it was enriched with several specialization courses. After directing HSE until 2008, Muth organized her succession before her transition and handed the direction to her colleague Prof. Marie-France Bourdais.
Transition[edit]
Muth was aware of her gender dysphoria since her earliest childhood and attempted several times to transition without success; rigid values in her social, professional and family context, shame and fear prevented a coming out. Well informed psychological help was not available at this time, practitioners just felt uneasy being confronted with this type of request. As a first attempt to transition at the age of 32 Muth lived 4 months as a woman, but this attempt failed as she felt that her passing was not sufficient and there was no support nor perspective for a professional life as a trans woman. After a long period of bedridden sickness at the age of 57, she realized that there was no escape from facing her fate if she wanted to survive. In the meantime, an informed community had established on the Internet where she found the necessary information about how to handle her case, about knowledgeable practitioners and experienced surgeons. From the final decision to surgery only one year lapsed. Muth had her surgery with Dr. Preecha Tiewtranon in Bangkok before her social and professional coming out, which she did 4 months later. The whole process took place under the public eye, as Muth went on lecturing and facing her professional responsibilities.
During her transition, Muth has been followed with the camera by Laurence Périgaud, a member of the Anthropology Institute of the University of Neuchâtel. Her documentary film was selected for the Swiss international festival Visions du réel. « Between Two Spirit - Becoming a Woman at Sixty » shows a successful transition as search of freedom and individuation as Jung intended it.
Since her transition, Muth takes an active part in the debate around transgender issues[13] and is an active member of the TGNS (TransGender Network Switzerland).
Societal Innovation[edit]
After her transition, Muth developed a new area of academic interest in societal innovation, arguing that too many ideas about how to solve societal issues are just discarded or forgotten because of conservative mindsets in business and politics. Hence she started the "Houses of ... Initiative", intended to illuminate societal problems and demonstrate their solutions. On this basis she was asked to join the committee of the Project 2020 of Alliance F, the Central Swiss Women's Association. In the field of societal innovation, Muth has issued three thesis':[14]
All business which fulfills three conditions (big business, well-documented knowledge taught in universities and well-established know-how documented sufficiently in quality systems) will leave the industrialized countries for the emerging countries.
The future of the presently industrialized countries depends on their innovation capacity and skills for managing complexity.
A de-globalization will take place sooner or later, depending on the capability of entire branches to switch to sustainability and to impose the respective rules and procedures as compulsory standards.
Presently, at the HEIG-VD, Muth teaches these topics, works as adviser for politicians, writes and is active in research.
Home life[edit]
Muth lives as single in Yverdon-les-Bains, a thermal resort in the Canton Vaud.
^ Vester F., Ausfahrt Zukunft, Heyne Verlag 1990
^ Miller J.G., Living Systems, McGraw-Hill 1978
^ Frankl V., Der Mensch auf der Suche nach Sinn, Klett Verlag 1972
^ Csikszentmihalyi M., Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience, Harper and Row 1990
^ Muth C., Bedeutet Globalisierung Krieg gegen die Schweizer Druckindustrie ?, in Druckmarkt 2004
^ Muth C., Die graphische Industrie muss agiler werden - das gilt auch für ihre Verbände, in Viscom-Zeitschrift 2006
^ Muth. C., Eine Zukunft für die schweizer Druckindustrie, in Druckmarkt 2006
^ Muth C., Der nächste Schauplatz rasanter Verändeungen, in Druckmarkt no. 33 and 34 2007
^ Muth C., Das gewisse Unbehagen im Bildungswesen betrifft auch die grafische Industrie, in Druckmarkt 2008
^ Muth C., Druckindustrie und Publishing 3.0 : Disharmonien in der Zukunftsmusik, in Publisher – Schweizer Fachzeitschrift für Publishing und Digitaldruck 2009
^ Bloch E. Entreprises: gros protentiels pour les biens intangibles, in AGEFI 04.07.2005,
^ Baillod G., Le secret des processus humains, in Bilan, 1-2005
^ Muth C., Die Krankenkasse als Kostentreiberin, in Hausarzt Praxis 2010
^ Dorier R, Muth C., Comment utiliser la complexité - Outils, attitudes et compétences à développer, jobindex media ag, 2010
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christa_Muth&oldid=899187490"
LGBT scientists
Transgender and transsexual women
Swiss scientists
Swiss business theorists
LGBT people from Switzerland
Systems scientists
Women systems scientists
University of Geneva alumni
People from Yverdon-les-Bains
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Vol. 25. No. 40. RockRiverTimes.com.
The first lady, Michelle Obama, makes a final appearance on NBC's The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon on Wednesday before leaving the White House.
(Color by me) Manfred von Richthofen: The Red Baron. Top Ace of WWI 80 victories.
War in Afghanistan. US Marines. War Portraits. The faces of war.
This one -- of the Rolling Stone Magazine cover with the story title Johnny Sings -- is definitely one of my favorites!
This Week's Comics & Merchandise December 20th 2017!
Space Shuttle Columbia explodes, 2003.
Phoebus: "You fight almost as well as a man!" Esmeralda: "Funny, I was going to say the same thing about you!"


Using Zift, Orasi Software has solved lead generation and nurturing challenges, extended marketing resources, and captured more sales opportunities through an integrated approach complete with online advertising, multi-touch campaigns and social media. "We've earned a 48 to 1 return on investment with Zift Solutions, which has allowed us to expand our reach, generate new leads and create more opportunities without overburdening our team," said Chris White, AVP of Marketing, Orasi Software.
"Zift has helped us capture more leads and capitalize on the power of Pay-Per-Click (PPC) online advertising," White said. A recent nine-week PPC campaign supported by tele-qualification and offering a pre-approved HPE eBook added more than $325K to Orasi's sales pipeline and achieved a 48:1 return on investment. Plus, just one multi-touch email campaign series leveraging pre-approved HPE assets quickly generated 148 new leads with 112 leads qualified by sales. "The multi-touch campaigns provide us with the content that we need to promote our solutions and services – and move leads through the sales process faster," said White.
Zift Solutions also has a strong relationship with HPE and understands their messaging, which allows Orasi to significantly shorten or bypass what can be a lengthy content approval process and take advantage of pre-approved HPE content across a number of marketing initiatives, including their website, online advertising and social media efforts. Direct integration with Salesforce.com means new leads are delivered immediately to the sales team within a familiar interface. There is much less risk of leads getting lost in the shuffle of manual processes and it's easy for Orasi to track and share lead activity with HPE. Zift Managed Services deliver end-to-end and hands-on support from channel marketing experts across the lifecycle of Orasi campaigns. "Zift's Managed Services now serves as an extension of our marketing team, providing us with the strategic insight and dedicated resources we need to manage campaigns," said White. No longer alone in their efforts, Orasi can reach out to the Zift Managed Services team at any time to collaborate with experts, define their priorities and easily execute the the best campaigns to achieve desired results.
Orasi Software has established a strong reputation as an HPE Platinum Partner and value added reseller offering certified consulting and support for HPE's industry leading test management, test automation and performance testing solutions. Aside from HPE, Orasi also works with multiple partners and vendors, which can make marketing even more complex. Like many channel partners, Orasi has a small marketing team. "We needed help getting to the right people, at the right time, with the right message, which is tough when you're resource-constrained, but absolutely necessary to take marketing to the next level," said Chris White, AVP of Marketing, Orasi Software.
Aside from a lack of resources, Orasi was struggling with several familiar channel marketing challenges, the first of which was an insufficient contact database. While the company had a decent sized database, it wasn't populated with the right contacts and the team was wasting time reaching out to people without the budget or buying authority to make purchases. "We tried purchasing lists, but they failed miserably," said White. "Purchased lists were not just expensive, they were often outdated, did not contain the right contacts for our outreach efforts and with cold lists there was no relationship established with the prospects." Constantly under pressure from sales to generate and deliver new leads, Orasi needed new tools, tactics and strategies to engage and nurture prospects. The solution also needed to demonstrate its value and return on investment quickly.
Orasi was provided access to Zift Solutions through HPE starting in 2009. Taking an integrated approach, Orasi is capturing the benefits of several Zift features, including syndicated web content, Pay-Per-Click (PPC) online advertising, multitouch email campaigns and social media syndication. "With Zift Solutions, we finally found the answers to those nagging questions, 'How do we get more leads?' and 'How do we nurture those leads to close once they are in our systems?'," said White.
"Zift provides functionality that most marketing automation solutions don't and we're taking advantage of those opportunities at Orasi," White said. For example, Orasi recently launched a PPC campaign using Zift that included a tie-in with LinkedIn and sponsored online ads that drive leads to a dedicated landing page. Multi-touch email campaigns to Orasi's prospect database, as well as leads generated by their PPC campaigns, are putting Orasi out in front of prospects faster and creating new opportunities to nurture leads. Online content syndication capabilities automatically populate HPE-approved panels on Orasi's website and provide detailed metrics about views, clicks and site visitors. Pre-approved content from HPE is being used to enhance social media efforts. Moreover, direct integration with Salesforce.com streamlines lead distribution and enhances visibility around lead activities.
An HPE Platinum Partner, Orasi Software is a leading provider of software testing services using market-leading test management, test automation, enterprise testing, environment hosting and mobile testing technology. For over 12 years, Orasi has consistently helped customers successfully implement and integrate software testing environments to reduce the cost and risk of software failures. Learn more at www.orasi.com.


These pages chronicle the founding Smallest Federated Wiki project and report its early achievements with a series of short screencasts.
Our screencasts are numbered chronologically. We've reorded them here by topic area.
Our titles are just keywords. You may find the footer's search more useful.
We compose pages by editing and refactoring.
We share by copy each other's work.
We calculate by stacking up calculations.
We interpret results with pictures.
We speak often about all aspects of federated wiki. Many of our presentations are available online.
Democracy Demos 60 min. Aug 2014.
We're happy to showcase other's work where there is some obvious connection with our work on federated wiki.


Looking for Companies in Omagh? Here you will find 398 companies in Omagh, Ireland. For more results, browse business categories or keywords.
Alexander William & Henry (Civil Engineering) Ltd.
McAleer J & Sons Ltd.


text:
Environmental assessment of built heritage areas
O'Sullivan, Robert D. (1995) Environmental assessment of built heritage areas. PhD thesis, James Cook University.
PDF (Thesis) - Submitted Version
The thesis constructs a spatial method to assess a built heritage area, for conservation and tourism, that weaves environmental and cultural considerations together. The spatial method was constructed in three steps. First, the cultural values that underlay the reasons for conservation and the ideas of quality were identified and named as purpose values and quality values respectively. Reasons associated with traditions were the most common purpose of conservation and the main quality values were story value, authenticity and aesthetics. Second, concepts were formed to categorize data, to assess an area and to assess individual places. Third, a spatial model of environmental assessment was constructed which has two cultural factors of need and knowledge which are brought to the environment by the assessor and two endogenous environmental factors of location and unity. The factor of need implements a purpose value and the factor of knowledge implements those concepts of data and assessment that are relevant to the need. Two sub-models of time and aesthetics were appended to the model to elaborate the factors of location and unity in an assessment for an historical or aesthetic purpose.
The method was used to assess the central commercial area in the historic gold mining city of Charters Towers in north Queensland for two purposes of conservation: a tradition of excellence in achievement and the aesthetic appeal of the outside of the buildings. Next, the model of environmental assessment was used with the contingent valuation survey method in a survey of residents' opinion of the same area and their evaluation of alternative environmental objectives for its conservation. The model's factors provided statistically significant explanations for residents' opinion of the area, their attitude towards a hypothetical heritage authority and their willingness to pay for research and protection of the area. The survey found that residents would pay more for the protection of the area than for the protection of individual buildings they considered important in the area, but the difference was not statistically significant.
The thesis developed four matters of policy to consider after an assessment of an area and before starting an environmental plan for its conservation: the administrative power that is needed to regulate demolition and redevelopment; the administrative principles to use in the preparation of conservation policy; the economic effects of conservation; and design principles for new buildings. The administrative power to conserve a built heritage area was not held by any level of government in Queensland in early 1995. Parts of the research were published in O'Sullivan (1996a, 1996b).
built environment; Charters Towers; contingent valuation surveys; cultural values; environmental law; heritage areas; heritage buildings; historic sites
21 HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY > 2102 Curatorial and Related Studies > 210202 Heritage and Cultural Conservation @ 20%
12 BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND DESIGN > 1299 Other Built Environment and Design > 129999 Built Environment and Design not elsewhere classified @ 80%
97 EXPANDING KNOWLEDGE > 970115 Expanding Knowledge in Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services @ 50%
97 EXPANDING KNOWLEDGE > 970112 Expanding Knowledge in Built Environment and Design @ 50%
Last 12 Months: 1


text:
Willits Area Colleges and Scholarships
Schools in and around Willits
Willits (formerly Little Lake and Willitsville) is a city in Mendocino County, California, United States. Willits is located 20 miles (32 km) north-northwest of Ukiah, at an elevation of 1391 feet (424 m). The population was 4,888 at the 2010 census, down from 5,073 at the 2000 census. Willits is at the center of Mendocino County and at the beginning of the county's extensive redwood forests as approached by Highway 101 from the south.
An arch donated to the city by Reno, Nevada in 1995 stands in the center of town. The Arch is the repurposed second version of the Reno Arch, from which the City of Willits removed most of the original plastic panels and of which it replaced the star with the flag of the United States and the slogan of Reno with its own slogans "Gateway to the Redwoods" and "Heart of Mendocino County".
The Sherwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California is headquartered just west of Willits.
Comptche
Branscomb
Calpella
Popular Majors in Willits
Teaching English As A Second Or Foreign Language/Esl Language Instructor
Physical Fitness Technician
International Relations And Affairs


text:
/*
 *   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *   (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *   GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

/*
 * ResultSetHelper.java
 * Copyright (C) 2005-2012 University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
 *
 */

package weka.gui.sql;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.Types;
import java.util.Vector;

/**
 * Represents an extended JTable, containing a table model based on a ResultSet
 * and the corresponding query.
 *
 * @author      FracPete (fracpete at waikato dot ac dot nz)
 * @version     $Revision: 8034 $
 */
public class ResultSetHelper {

  /** the resultset to work on. */
  protected ResultSet m_ResultSet;

  /** whether we initialized. */
  protected boolean m_Initialized = false;

  /** the maximum number of rows to retrieve. */
  protected int m_MaxRows = 0;

  /** the number of columns. */
  protected int m_ColumnCount = 0;

  /** the number of rows. */
  protected int m_RowCount = 0;

  /** the column names. */
  protected String[] m_ColumnNames = null;

  /** whether a column is numeric. */
  protected boolean[] m_NumericColumns = null;

  /** the class for each column. */
  protected Class[] m_ColumnClasses = null;

  /**
   * initializes the helper, with unlimited number of rows.
   *
   * @param rs        the resultset to work on
   */
  public ResultSetHelper(ResultSet rs) {
    this(rs, 0);
  }

  /**
   * initializes the helper, with the given maximum number of rows (less than
   * 1 means unlimited).
   *
   * @param rs        the resultset to work on
   * @param max       the maximum number of rows to retrieve
   */
  public ResultSetHelper(ResultSet rs, int max) {
    super();

    m_ResultSet = rs;
    m_MaxRows   = max;
  }

  /**
   * initializes, i.e. reads the data, etc.
   */
  protected void initialize() {
    ResultSetMetaData     meta;
    int                   i;

    if (m_Initialized)
      return;

    try {
      meta = m_ResultSet.getMetaData();

      // columns names
      m_ColumnNames = new String[meta.getColumnCount()];
      for (i = 1; i <= meta.getColumnCount(); i++)
        m_ColumnNames[i - 1] = meta.getColumnLabel(i);

      // numeric columns
      m_NumericColumns = new boolean[meta.getColumnCount()];
      for (i = 1; i <= meta.getColumnCount(); i++)
        m_NumericColumns[i - 1] = typeIsNumeric(meta.getColumnType(i));

      // column classes
      m_ColumnClasses = new Class[meta.getColumnCount()];
      for (i = 1; i <= meta.getColumnCount(); i++) {
	try {
	  m_ColumnClasses[i - 1] = typeToClass(meta.getColumnType(i));
	}
	catch (Exception ex) {
	  m_ColumnClasses[i - 1] = String.class;
	}
      }

      // dimensions
      m_ColumnCount = meta.getColumnCount();

      // if the JDBC driver doesn't support scrolling we can't determine
      // the row count here
      if (m_ResultSet.getType() == ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY) {
	m_RowCount = -1;
      }
      else {
	m_RowCount = 0;
	m_ResultSet.first();
	if (m_MaxRows > 0) {
	  try {
	    m_ResultSet.absolute(m_MaxRows);
	    m_RowCount = m_ResultSet.getRow();
	  }
	  catch (Exception ex) {
	    // ignore it
	  }
	}
	else {
	  m_ResultSet.last();
	  m_RowCount = m_ResultSet.getRow();
	}

	// sometimes, e.g. with a "desc <table>", we can't use absolute(int)
	// and getRow()???
	try {
	  if ( (m_RowCount == 0) && (m_ResultSet.first()) ) {
	    m_RowCount = 1;
	    while (m_ResultSet.next()) {
	      m_RowCount++;
	      if (m_ResultSet.getRow() == m_MaxRows)
		break;
	    };
	  }
	}
	catch (Exception e) {
	  // ignore it
	}
      }

      m_Initialized = true;
    }
    catch (Exception ex) {
      // ignore it
    }
  }

  /**
   * the underlying resultset.
   *
   * @return		the resultset
   */
  public ResultSet getResultSet() {
    return m_ResultSet;
  }

  /**
   * returns the number of columns in the resultset.
   *
   * @return		the number of columns
   */
  public int getColumnCount() {
    initialize();

    return m_ColumnCount;
  }

  /**
   * returns the number of rows in the resultset. If -1 then the number of
   * rows couldn't be determined, i.e., the cursors aren't scrollable.
   *
   * @return		the number of rows, -1 if it wasn't possible to
   * 			determine
   */
  public int getRowCount() {
    initialize();

    return m_RowCount;
  }

  /**
   * returns an array with the names of the columns in the resultset.
   *
   * @return		the column names
   */
  public String[] getColumnNames() {
    initialize();

    return m_ColumnNames;
  }

  /**
   * returns an array that indicates whether a column is numeric or nor.
   *
   * @return		the numeric columns
   */
  public boolean[] getNumericColumns() {
    initialize();

    return m_NumericColumns;
  }

  /**
   * returns the classes for the columns.
   *
   * @return		the column classes
   */
  public Class[] getColumnClasses() {
    initialize();

    return m_ColumnClasses;
  }

  /**
   * whether a limit on the rows to retrieve was set.
   *
   * @return		true if there's a limit
   */
  public boolean hasMaxRows() {
    return (m_MaxRows > 0);
  }

  /**
   * the maximum number of rows to retrieve, less than 1 means unlimited.
   *
   * @return		the maximum number of rows
   */
  public int getMaxRows() {
    return m_MaxRows;
  }

  /**
   * returns an 2-dimensional array with the content of the resultset, the first
   * dimension is the row, the second the column (i.e., getCells()[y][x]).
   * Note: the data is not cached! It is always retrieved anew.
   *
   * @return		the data
   */
  public Object[][] getCells() {
    int			i;
    int			n;
    Vector<Object[]>	result;
    Object[]		row;
    int			rowCount;
    boolean		proceed;

    initialize();

    result = new Vector<Object[]>();

    try {

      // do know the number of rows?
      rowCount = getRowCount();
      if (rowCount == -1) {
	rowCount = getMaxRows();
	proceed  = m_ResultSet.next();
      }
      else {
	proceed = m_ResultSet.first();
      }

      if (proceed) {
	i = 0;
	while (true) {
	  row = new Object[getColumnCount()];
	  result.add(row);

	  for (n = 0; n < getColumnCount(); n++) {
	    try {
	      // to get around byte arrays when using getObject(int)
	      if (getColumnClasses()[n] == String.class)
		row[n] = m_ResultSet.getString(n + 1);
	      else
		row[n] = m_ResultSet.getObject(n + 1);
	    }
	    catch (Exception e) {
	      row[n] = null;
	    }
	  }

	  // get next row, if possible
	  if (i == rowCount - 1) {
	    break;
	  }
	  else {
	    // no more rows -> exit
	    if (!m_ResultSet.next())
	      break;
	  }

	  i++;
	}
      }
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }

    return result.toArray(new Object[result.size()][getColumnCount()]);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the class associated with a SQL type.
   *
   * @param type the SQL type
   * @return the Java class corresponding with the type
   */
  public static Class typeToClass(int type) {
    Class     result;

    switch (type) {
      case Types.BIGINT :
        result = Long.class;
        break;
      case Types.BINARY:
        result = String.class;
        break;
      case Types.BIT:
        result = Boolean.class;
        break;
      case Types.CHAR:
        result = Character.class;
        break;
      case Types.DATE:
        result = java.sql.Date.class;
        break;
      case Types.DECIMAL:
        result = Double.class;
        break;
      case Types.DOUBLE:
        result = Double.class;
        break;
      case Types.FLOAT:
        result = Float.class;
        break;
      case Types.INTEGER:
        result = Integer.class;
        break;
      case Types.LONGVARBINARY:
        result = String.class;
        break;
      case Types.LONGVARCHAR:
        result = String.class;
        break;
      case Types.NULL:
        result = String.class;
        break;
      case Types.NUMERIC:
        result = Double.class;
        break;
      case Types.OTHER:
        result = String.class;
        break;
      case Types.REAL:
        result = Double.class;
        break;
      case Types.SMALLINT:
        result = Short.class;
        break;
      case Types.TIME:
        result = java.sql.Time.class;
        break;
      case Types.TIMESTAMP:
        result = java.sql.Timestamp.class;
        break;
      case Types.TINYINT:
        result = Short.class;
        break;
      case Types.VARBINARY:
        result = String.class;
        break;
      case Types.VARCHAR:
        result = String.class;
        break;
      default:
        result = null;
    }

    return result;
  }

  /**
   * returns whether the SQL type is numeric (and therefore the justification
   * should be right).
   *
   * @param type      the SQL type
   * @return          whether the given type is numeric
   */
  public static boolean typeIsNumeric(int type) {
    boolean     result;

    switch (type) {
      case Types.BIGINT :
        result = true;
        break;
      case Types.BINARY:
        result = false;
      case Types.BIT:
        result = false;
        break;
      case Types.CHAR:
        result = false;
        break;
      case Types.DATE:
        result = false;
        break;
      case Types.DECIMAL:
        result = true;
        break;
      case Types.DOUBLE:
        result = true;
        break;
      case Types.FLOAT:
        result = true;
        break;
      case Types.INTEGER:
        result = true;
        break;
      case Types.LONGVARBINARY:
        result = false;
        break;
      case Types.LONGVARCHAR:
        result = false;
        break;
      case Types.NULL:
        result = false;
        break;
      case Types.NUMERIC:
        result = true;
        break;
      case Types.OTHER:
        result = false;
        break;
      case Types.REAL:
        result = true;
        break;
      case Types.SMALLINT:
        result = true;
        break;
      case Types.TIME:
        result = false;
        break;
      case Types.TIMESTAMP:
        result = true;
        break;
      case Types.TINYINT:
        result = true;
        break;
      case Types.VARBINARY:
        result = false;
        break;
      case Types.VARCHAR:
        result = false;
        break;
      default:
        result = false;
    }

    return result;
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
AFI Launches Two Cinematography Programs for Women – American Film Institute
AFI Launches Two Cinematography Programs for Women
AFI has announced the inaugural AFI Cinematography Introductory Intensive for Women (CIIW), sponsored by 21st Century Fox. The tuition-free program, taking place on the AFI campus in Los Angeles, August 3-6, 2018, will introduce the fundamentals of visual storytelling to women who are interested in a career in cinematography. In addition, Twentieth Century Fox Film and AFI will partner to launch the Fox DP Lab for recently graduated female cinematographers from the AFI Conservatory.
The AFI Cinematography Introductory Intensive for Women, a four-day workshop led by world-class AFI Cinematography faculty and master-level guests, will inform participants about a cinematography career — with production workshops, discussions, screenings of the work of pioneering female cinematographers and more. The workshop will encourage participants to continue their studies and become a working professional in the field, with the goal of increasing the number of women working in cinematography. The American Society of Cinematographers (ASC) will also support CIIW through their ASC Vision Committee, which is dedicated to the advancement of underrepresented cinematographers and their crews, regardless of race, gender or age.
Submissions open today, June 4, and the deadline to apply is June 15. Application and requirements are here.
Additionally, Fox and AFI will partner to launch the Fox DP Lab for 10 to 15 recently graduated female cinematographers from the AFI Conservatory. The Fox DP Lab will include master classes aimed to demystify the hiring process. Participants will meet with executives responsible for recommending and approving cinematographers in film and television; they will see a studio film and/or Fox series in process; and have the opportunity to hear from fellow cinematographers working at Fox for career guidance. Applications for this program — exclusively for AFI Cinematography alumnae — will open in August 2018.
21CF Global Inclusion nurtures diverse voices and stories, both in front of and behind the camera, through a variety of partnerships, initiatives and programs, including the Fox Writers Lab, Fox Television Directors Lab and the Fox Filmmakers Lab in partnership with AFI.
The fee presents unnecessary roadblocks. ABC Discovers has no fee, and that's the right way to go. How can we get AFI to remove the fee requirement? It's counter to the mission.
CIIW


text:
Are you Making these Costly Mistakes with Amazon...
You are here Home » Games » Best GBA Pokémon ROM Hacks You Can Play On Your Computer
by Innov8tiv.com January 3, 2022
written by Innov8tiv.com January 3, 2022
The Pokémon community was and still is very significant on the internet. People's love for Pokémon games, comics, anime, and movies keeps growing. When Pokémon Go was released, many people began playing Pokémon games. The games gave endless characters, epic storylines, and different possibilities.
Pokémon games can be challenging to play especially due to the lack of GBA console and the expense that comes with purchasing the games. However, there is a solution to it. You can play Pokémon ROM hacks on your computer. Somehow, fans have created and modified versions of classic Pokémon games. Below, we provide you with a list of some of the Pokémon ROM hacks you can enjoy.
What are Pokémon ROM Hacks?
Pokémon ROM hacks are unofficial Pokémon games that have been created using different kinds of software. They are somehow similar to the original games, but at the same time, they are different. They may be different in terms of the storyline or the difficulty level. With them, you however get the same game, but with several variations. To play the hacks, you need to use emulators- the software that enables you to run the games.
Pokémon Light Platinum
This is one of the best Pokémon ROM hacks you can play. It is a recreation of Pokémon ruby/sapphire, a completed GBA game that you can play with any compatible GBA Emulator. You can travel through dimensions with this one. How cool, right? The game's storyline is unique and the game features a new region referred to as the Zhery region. Other locations are; Johto, Sinnoh, Hoen, and Kanto.
You can catch all the Pokémon in this game including the legendary ones and you get a chance to compete with new rivals. The best part of this game is that you can take part in the Pokémon World Championship.
Pokémon Flora Sky
Pokémon Flora Sky brings forth an amazing showdown between Palkia and Dialga for play. This battle between the two is very fierce and forms a hole that opens a portal to release Giratina into the real world. As a player, you also need to collect and battle with Pokémon, alongside sealing the rift and stopping the chaos before time is up. Use moves likeMew and Shaymin and square off against the Magma and Aqua teams.
The well-executed day and night systems in the game create events that are realistic and time-specific. The best part about the game is that the play is simple and doesn't require a lot of brainwork.
Pokémon Dark Rising
Every Pokémon fan has a personal dream about Pokémon, but this ROM hack takes things to an all-new different level. For those that love the classic Pokémon games but wish to enjoy the games with some modern features, then this game is what will help you spice things up. You will be able to play through Kanto to Inova and collect 380 Pokémon while on it.
If you want to become the best trainer, you will need to compete by getting the puzzles right, taking on gyms, and tackling all the other tribulations and trials that come with Pokémon. In your dream, try your best to save the Pokémon.
Pokémon Gaia
Pokémon Gaia is another top Pokémon Fire Redhack. It is renamed after Titaness of the Earth and comes with a twist. With this one, you can walk underwater, as well as climb up walls. Cruise from Kanto to Kalos as you collect Pokémon. All this while, come up with the best team of pocket fighters of the years and fight with updated trainers. The fights are enhanced and the locations are fantastic. Additionally, you can help the old Pokémon learn new abilities and let them Mega Evolve.
Pokémon Dark Cry
Similar to Dark Rising, this ROM hack features a deep storyline with twists that are trippy and tricky. Once you wake up from the strange cave, a shadow comes toward you during an intense earthquake. You will wake up again only to realizethis was just a dream. However, the dream is about to become unimaginably realistic. Using the PokePaper publication, take the information about what needs to be done as you play through Trion. At the same time, engage in mini-games, side quests, and take pleasure in this brand-new Pokémon adventure.
Pokémon Mega Power
Any fan of Pokémon Emerald will need to check out this ROM hack. The hack takes characters on a quest to create the strongest Pokémon with a lot of experiments. The experimentation however comes with a price to pay. As your funds begin to run out, the games mysterious fancier gets you on another adventure. Is the fancier trying to gather knowledge or trying to manipulate your firm Pokémon creations? Mega Power features three new regions and it enhances the original game's Pokémon. It also has components of the Mega Evolution and GenerationsIV through VII.
Pokémon Glazed and Blazed Glazed
These two versions are created from Pokémon Emerald. However, Blazed Glazed is a recreation of Glazed. In the latter, you play like a twelve-year-old aiming to become the leading Pokémon trainer and its central area is Tunod, which you go through to reach Johto. The former is similar but has some changes, it's tougher, and needs a grinding experience.
With both games, there are five starter Pokémon to choose from and an addition of DreamWorks Pokémon. You also get a chance to take a rematch with a few trainers and gym leaders. Traveling between the Pokémon and real world, you get yourself a Madkip. Blazed Glazed is completed and that makes it our commendable choice of the two.
The Pokémon franchise has greatly expanded with every generational release. Due to that, fans have been inspired to create individual games and Pokémon community members have also developed ROM hacks for the same. Those who enjoy Pokémon, the above list of our Pokémon ROM hacks will give you an unforgettable experience. Download and try them today.
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text:
Forest & Land Use
Cities & Transportation
Indonesia's Deforestation Dropped 60 Percent in 2017, but There's More to Do
Forests & Land Use
deforestasi
lahan gambut
peatland
In the midst of the second-worst year for tropical tree cover loss in 2017, Indonesia saw an encouraging sign: a 60 percent drop in tree cover loss in primary forests compared with 2016. That's the difference in carbon dioxide emissions from primary forest loss equivalent to 0.2 gigatons of carbon dioxide, or about the same emissions released from burning over 199 billion pounds of coal.
New data from the University of Maryland, released on Global Forest Watch, calculated tree cover loss—defined as the loss of any trees, regardless of cause or type, from tropical rainforest to tree plantation—within Indonesia's primary forest and protected peatland. The decline in tree cover loss in Indonesia was at odds with other countries' experiences last year, with record-high loss of tree cover in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the second-highest level in Brazil, a spike in Colombia and forest disruption caused by storms in the Caribbean.
The decrease in Indonesia's tree cover loss is likely due in part to the national peat drainage moratorium, in effect since 2016. Primary forest loss in protected peat areas went down by 88 percent between 2016 and 2017, to the lowest level ever recorded. Additionally, 2017 was a non-El Niño year, which brought wetter conditions and fewer fires compared to past years. Educational campaigns and increased enforcement of forest laws from local police have also helped prevent land-clearing by fire.
Kalimantan and Sumatra experienced the largest reduction in primary forest loss between 2016 and 2017 by 68 percent and 51 percent respectively, with the largest reduction seen in South Sumatra, Central Kalimantan and Jambi. On the other hand, West Sumatra and North Sumatra saw an increase in forest cover loss.
Protecting Indonesia's Peatlands
Protected peat areas, made up of over 3-meters (10-foot) deep carbon-rich organic soil, covered 12.2 million hectares (30 million acres), half of Indonesia's peatland hydrological area. The avoided emission from peat decomposition and peat conversion is equivalent to emission from burning 630 billion pounds of coal. Provinces with the greatest decrease of forest cover loss in protected peat areas are Central Kalimantan, Jambi and South Sumatra, provinces which experienced worst fires in 2015.
Such decrease may be partially driven by a longer wet season in 2017, resulting in fewer fires in peat and avoiding the 2015 fires crisis from happening again. However, the decrease also coincides with a number of government actions to curb land clearing in peatland and forests. First, Indonesia's president established the Peatland Restoration Agency, tasked to coordinate the restoration of 2.4 million hectares (5.9 million acres) of peatland in Indonesia. Second, the government issued a regulation to ensure a suitable water level in peatland and ban all new land clearing and canal building on peatland, even in existing concession areas. Sub-national elections, which took place in June, may have also contributed to less peatland and forest fires as local politicians have greater incentive to prevent fires. This year's Asian Games, to be hosted in both Jakarta and Palembang (the capital of South Sumatra) in August, has also driven the government to intensify efforts to prevent the burning of forests and peatland.
Despite this progress, threats remain. Companies secured concession permits in large areas of protected peatland before recent protection efforts. More than a quarter of the 12.2 million hectares (30 million acres) of protected peatland has already got concession areas, dominated by pulpwood and palm oil plantations, or has the potential to be converted to plantations or agriculture.
To this end, the government issued a land swap program that obliges companies whose concessions contain at least 40 percent of protected peatland to protect and restore those areas of their concessions. In exchange, the government will compensate them with land elsewhere. The plan drew criticism from civil society organizations, which voiced concerns that more forests could be opened without clear and transparent data and land criteria, and from companies concerned that the regulations would be bad for business.
How Can Indonesia Leverage This Momentum?
First, international support for emissions reduction and green growth must be further strengthened, with this year's international climate meeting in Poland as a venue for all countries to evaluate and log a more ambitious emission reduction target. Indonesia's significant decrease in deforestation allows it to launch a more ambitious emissions reduction target and contribute to the global effort in raising ambition.
Second, sub-national governments need more political support for sustainable development. There is already evidence that this is on the rise in Indonesia, with the introduction of Lingkar Temu Kabupaten Lestari (sustainable district platforms) and green growth programs in South Sumatra and East Kalimantan.
Third, monitoring deforestation can be a valuable tool. Spatial data tools such as Global Forest Watch provide tree cover loss alerts in near real time, enabling the government and public to prevent the clearing of protected peat areas and forests. In Peru, weekly deforestation alerts help identify forest encroachment and construction of illegal logging roads in the Peruvian Amazon. In Indonesia, monitoring government commitment to peatland protection is also part of the public's responsibility to ensure a healthy environment. Pantau Gambut, an Indonesian civil society coalition platform that provides information on the commitments from government, public, and companies, enables public to ask stakeholders to fulfill their pledges.
Finally, as a variation on the land swap, proposing a 'new scheme' of concessions by converting existing license on peatland into ecosystem restoration concessions could better meet the needs of all stakeholders, if it has a firm legal foundation and support from green business incentives.
If Indonesia keeps strengthening its forest protection and climate action, 2018 could be another promising year for Indonesia's primary forests, even when the dry season returns and the Asian Games are over.
Dora Hutajulu contributed to the analysis for this post.
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LAW- any rule of action or any system of uniformity.
General Division of Law Strict Legal sense (promulgated and enforced by state) Non-Legal Sense (not prom and enfo by state) Subject of Law Divine Law – law of religion and faith which concerns itself with the concept of sin and salvation. Natural Law – as the divine inspiration in man of the sense of justice, fairness, and righteousness. Moral Law – totality of the norms of good and right conduct growing out of the collective sense of right and wrong of every community. Physical Law – uniformities of actions and orders of sequence which are the physical phenomena that we sense and feel. State Law – law that is promulgated and enforced by the state. Concepts of State Law General sense – all the laws taken together. Specific sense – a rule of conduct, just, obligatory, promulgated by legitimate authority, and of common observance and benefit. Characteristics of Law It is a rule of conduct Obligatory It is promulgated by legitimate authority It is of common observance and benefit Source of Law 1. Constitution – the written instrument by which the fundamental powers of the government are established, limited, and defined, and by which these powers are distributed among several departments for their safe and useful exercise f benefit of the people. 2. Legislation – it consists in the declaration of legal rules by a competent authority. It is the preponderant source of law in the Philippines. Acts passed by the legislature are so called enacted law or statute law. It includes ordinances enacted by local government units.
creditor or obligee Object or prestation – subject matter of the obligation A juridical or legal tie – efficient cause. OBLIGATION-is a juridical necessity to give. In writing 3. Real Obligation is that in which the subject matter is a thing which the obligor must deliver to the obligee. *Positive – obligation to do or render a service *Negative – obligation not to do SOURCES OF OBLIGATIONS . Custom – it consists of those habits and practices which through long and uninterrupted usage have become acknowledged and approved by society as binding and rules of conduct. 4. 4. Other Sources – to the above my be added principles of justice and equity. applying or interpreting the laws or the constitution form part of the legal system of the Philippines. in default thereof. decisions of foreign tribunals. Passive subject – debtor or obligor Active subject . Judicial decisions or jurisprudence – the decisions of the courts. to demand from another any prestation. Wrong – is an act or omission of one party in violation of the legal right of another. Personal obligation is that in which the subject matter is an act to be done or not to be done. ESSENTIAL REQUISITES (ELEMENTS) 1. opinions of textwriters. Partly oral and partly writing Right – is the power which a person has under the law. regulations and rulings – they are those issued by administrative officials under legislative authority.3. the courts of justice may be called upon by the aggrieved party to enforce its fulfillment or. 2. 6. the economic value that it represents. 2. KINDS OF OBLIGATION ACCORDING TO SUBJECT MATTER 1. 3. *obligation is a juridical necessity because in case of non compliance. 5. Administrative or executive orders. particularly the supreme court. to do or not to do. binds the parties to the obligation FORM OF OBLIGATION 1. and religion. Oral 2.
Contracts – when they arise from the stipulation of the parties. DUTIES OF DEBTOR IN OBLIGATION TO GIVE A DETERMINATE THING 1. Law – when they are imposed by law itself. Quasi-delicts or torts – when they arise from damage caused to another through an act or omission. SCOPE OF CIVIL LIABILITY 1. voluntary and unilateral acts which are enforceable to the end that no one shall be unjustly enriched or benefited at the expense of another. Crimes or acts or omissions punished by law – when they arise from civil liability which is the consequence of a criminal offense. *another standard of care – extraordinary diligence . 4. Compliance in Good Faith – compliance or performance in accordance with the stipulations or terms of the contract or agreement.1. there being fault or negligence. 3. Quasi-contracts – when they arise from lawful. KINDS OF QUASI-CONTRACTS 1. Preserve the thing *diligence of a good father of a family – ordinary care or that diligence which an average person exercises over his own property. but no contractual relation exists between the parties. *Generic or indeterminate – when it refers only to a class or genus to which it pertains and cannot be pointed out with particularity. 5. Indemnification for consequential damages *Specific or determinate – particularly designated or physically segregated others of the same class. Restitution 2. 2. *Obligations are not presumed because they are considered burden upon the obligor. Reparation for the damaged caused 3. Negotiorum gestio – is the voluntary management of the property and affairs of another without the knowledge or consent of the latter. Solutio indebiti – is the juridical relation which is created when something is received when there is no right to demand it and it was unduly delivered through mistake. 2.
Industrial fruits – are those produced by lands of any kinds through cultivation or labor. 3. Civil fruits – are those derived by virtue of a juridical relation. Mora solvendi – delay on the part of the debtor 2. *Accessions – are the fruits of a thing or additions to or improvements upon a thing. 3. 2. Compensation morae – delay of both parties GROUDS FOR LIABILITY . the fulfillment of the latter's obligation to give. *Accessories – are things joined to or included with the principal thing for the latter's embellishment. *Real right – is the right or interest of a person over a specific without a definite passive subject against whom the right may be personally enforced. Ordinary delay – is merely the failure to perform an obligation on time. Fails to perform 2. KINDS OF DELAY OR DEFAULT 1.2. 5. or completion. to do or not to do. Natural fruits – are the spontaneous products of the soil. Poor manner MEANING OF DELAY 1. Mora accipiendi – delay on the part of the creditor 3. SITUATIONS CONTEMPLATED IN ART 1167 1. Deliver the fruits of the thing Deliver the accessions and accessories Deliver the thing itself Answer for damages in case of non-fulfillment or breach DIFFERENT KINDS OF FRUITS 1. *Personal Right – is the right or power of a person to demand from another. better use. as a definite passive subject. 4. 2. Legal Delay – is the failure to perform an obligation on time which failure constitutes a breach of the obligation. and the young and other products of animals. Contrary to the terms 3.
that degree of care. Contractual Negligence 2. there being no malice. which prevents the normal fulfillment of an obligation. KINDS OF NEGLIGENCE ACCORDING TO SOURCE OF OBLIGATION 1. Criminal negligence *Negligence is the failure to observe for the protection of the interests of another person. 2. whereby such other person suffers injury. Negligence – it is any voluntary act or omission. 3. Contravention of the terms of the obligation – is the violation of the terms and conditions stipulated in the obligation. . Delay 4. precaution and vigilance which the circumstance justle demand. Civil negligence 3.1. Fraud – it is the deliberate or intentional evasion of the normal fulfillment of an obligation.