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how many types of wisteria are there
Wisteria venusta) Image – Wikimedia / Meneerke Bloem. These three types have surpassed the southeastern American species (W. frutescens and W. machrostachya), introduced in the 18th century but now seldom planted here. The seed and seedpod contains a resin and a glycoside called wisterin. Types of Wisteria. Some other varieties of cultivars of this vine also produce flowers that sport a variety of colors including white, pink and deep reddish-violet. Wisteria Flowering Wisteria sinensis Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Rosids Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Clade: Hologalegina Clade: Inverted repeat-lacking clade Tribe: Millettieae Genus: Wisteria Nutt. Asian wisterias are popular due to their impressive flowers, but are aggressive growers. PADIGLIONE AGRICOLO BRESSANELLA by a25architetti, Small shoots extending from the main vine, Vines growing in clockwise or anti-clockwise direction. All Rights Reserved. Wisteria is an ideal kind of vine for any nostalgic gardener who loves to grow heavy, hanging flowers with gnarled branches. There aren't many tanks that this species can't be added to. From tools to furniture, these garden products are sure to delight. . The Kentucky wisteria grows to an average height of 15 to 25 feet and is one of the most cold-hardy species. Japanese wisteria always grows clockwise. Interestingly, wisteria stemmed from Asia and then became popular in Europe, its largest variety can be found in the United States, particularly in Sierra Madre, California. This includes further ten species of climbing and woody vines, all of which are native to Japan, Korea, and China. 14 varieties of wisteria have been awarded the Award of Garden Merit (AGM), and there are many more, so there's plenty of choice in purple-blues, blues, pinks and white and many are fragrant - … Although many gardeners on many continents love and grow wisteria, it is considered an invasive species in many parts of the United States, especially the fast-spreading Asian varieties. We'll show you the top 10 most popular house styles, including Cape Cod, country French, Colonial, Victorian, Tudor, Craftsman, cottage, Mediterranean, ranch, and contemporary. They have caused poisoning in children of many countries, producing mild to severe gastro-enteritis. When selecting which wisteria type to grow in your garden you'll have a choice between Asian wisterias and American wisterias. Commit this name to memory and look for it on plant tags: Wisteria frutescens, commonly called American wisteria.This species is native to the eastern U.S., and it's hardy in Zones 4-9, meaning it'll grow in most areas of the country.American wisteria can reach dazzling heights of up to 30 feet, and spreads up to 8 feet wide. Its flowering period begins in the late spring and end during the mid-summer season. Consequently, one can not eliminate varieties merely by color alone. These are the most common causes for the death of this plant. American wisterias are tamer and still have gorgeous flowers. This wisteria variety consists of green, pinnate leaves that contain 11-19 lance-shaped leaflets which sport a pretty golden hue during the fall season. Some of the most common and other popular varieties of the Silky wisteria include: This is a strongly scented variety of the Silky wisteria that typically reaches a height of 10 to 20 inches. These clusters are typically 9-12 inches long and are not as long or old hardy as those from the Japanese wisteria. Woodlanders, Aiken, SC W. multijuga - syn W. floribunda W. sinensis - Chinese Wisteria "This is a beautiful vine native to China, and is one of the most widely used of the delightful wisteria. Silky wisterias, also from Japan, deserve equal attention. Often reblooms throughout the growing season. violacea. The racemes, of the flower-growing clusters of this plant, are 6 inches long and really broad with a very strong scent and heavily textured flowers. Wisteria is best defined as a breathtaking but aggressive vine that is likely to steal the beauty show in anyone's garden. When comparing the different types of wisteria, the choice often boils down to aesthetics and availability. This popular and beautiful vine belongs to the flowering plants of the legume family called Fabaceae (Leguminosae). The flowering period for this type of wisteria is mid-spring to early summer during which this splendid species sports some of the most beautiful fall colors. Photo by: Wiert Nieuman / Shutterstock. This flowering period also occurs once the entire foliage is completely well-developed so when the flowers bloom open, they end up hiding behind the foliage. A Woodlander's introduction." Different Types of Wisteria. Here's how to tell the differences between each architectural style. The flowering period for this plant ranges from early spring to early summer, and the flowers normally bloom over a period of weeks. We include the different varieties grown around the world. This vine grows best under the full or partial sun, and it flowers just after one year of being planted. The flowers of this vine are a stunning white that bloom late in spring or early in the summer before the appearance of the foliage. A reliable choice for gardeners in northern climates. Known hazards of Wisteria sinensis: The seed of all members of this genus is poisonous. Has shorter flower clusters and is not as cold hardy as its Japanese cousin. The wisteria vine got its unique name in the early 19th century a botanist called Thomas Nuttall decided to name it after Dr. Caspar Wistar, who was a famous physician during those times. Because of this rapid growth and dense shade, native canopy trees, understory trees, and shrubs can be smothered or killed beneath the heavy weight of this invasive vine. It is a striking climber that produces masses of 6-inch long hanging sprays with a variety of gorgeous pink and white flowers. . There is limited colour choice within the Wisteria Varieties. This is probably one of the shorter suckers which is around 10 or 15 metres long, and there's not just one, there are many. It reaches 10 meters in height Lately, some other varieties of the wisteria vine have been introduced to the Eastern United States. This vine, along with its luxurious flowers was initially found in Asia. There are actually two types of Wisteria; Chinese Wisteria (Wisteria sinensis) and Japanese Wisteria (Wisteria foribunda). The good news, however, is that there is a far less invasive alternative to the Asian wisterias that is easier to control: American wisteria, Wisteria flutescens.This woody, deciduous climber is native to low-lying areas of the southeastern United States. Copyright var theDate=new Date() The flowers of this vine are typically blue-violet blossoms that grow in pendulous clusters of almost 30 cm long. The Japanese Wisteria has scented violet flowers that grow in the form of 1 to 3 foot long chain-like clusters which are called racemes. The flowers bloom gradually over a period of weeks. This plant grows really well under the full or partial sun and its flowering period goes on from late spring to early or mid-summer. Flowers often last longer than other wisterias. What's even more fascinating is that a "Wisteria Festival" is held there every year to honor this luxuriously spectacular vine. Wisteria is found from Maine to Florida, and as far west as Arkansas. This article may include references and links to products and services from one or more of our advertisers. We may be paid compensation when you click on links to those products and/or services. But there are enough differences between the type to make investigation worthwhile. These stunning flowers bloom during late spring all the way through mid-summer and grow up to 50 cm in length. This vine bears stunning purple-bluish flowers that are less scented than others, and they grow in clusters or racemes that are typically 15-30 cm long. It has the shortest racemes of the wisteria family. Mainly grown in the Carolinas and along the East Coast. It produces masses of hanging sprays with pale lilac flowers that sport a big, white spot. Wisteria may be every gardener's dream, but they look even more breathtaking on the wall in the front porch of your house. It has leaves that sport a dark green color and contain 15 lance-shaped leaflets. * Required FieldsWe will never sell or distribute your email to any other parties or organizations. But because various wisteria species have similarly-structured leaves, discerning one species from another can be challenging. The Chinese wisteria grows to an average height of 10 to 25 feet, sometimes even higher than that. The two species of wisteria most commonly grown in the United States are Japanese wisteria and Chinese wisteria. Flowers are lilac-blue and bunched in 4- to 6-inch-wide clusters. Includes photos. However, they also are the most aggressive growers and are even considered invasive in some areas of the country. It is also notable mainly for its unique hardiness. These cultivars also appear in a variety of different shades and colors including blue, lavender, deep purple and white. Wisteria is in the pea/bean family. There are over 150 wisteria trees in Kawachi Wisteria Garden, with 22 types of wisteria. Meet Wisteria frutescens, a sedate alternative to Asian wisteria that is native to the southeastern United States.We asked Peggy Cornett, Curator of Plants at Thomas Jefferson's Monticello, for more information on this underutilized native treasure. If you plant a wisteria, make sure you give it adequate support … The gnarled branches and heavy, hanging flowers of the wisteria make this vine ideal for a nostalgic gardener. Foreign varieties of wisteria include Japanese wisteria (Wisteria floribunda), and Chinese wisteria (Wisteria Sinensis). Wisteria is a genus of about five to seven species of deciduous, … This wisteria is an ideal choice for house walls or large pergolas. What types of Wisteria are there? It is also a woody and deciduous vine that has originated from the southeastern United States. It also needs regular pruning that helps control the shape and size of the plant and boost its flowering process. Compare the five most common species below. So, which variety of wisteria are you going to get for your home? May be trained horizontally, up to 25 feet or further. Botanical name: Wisteria brachybotrys (syn. Wisteria venusta). This is a spectacular plant when restricted and the flowers form curtains of fragrant blossom. Silky wisteria blooms best in full sun, and its flowers burst open all at once during the late spring season. The leaves of this plant contain 91-13 oval shaped leaflets that are initially a stunning shade of copper or bronze. Blooming improves with age and regular pruning. For bonsai the most common species are the Chinese Wisteria (Wisteria sinensis) and the Japanese Wisteria (Wisteria floribunda) which produces the longest flower clusters. The support for this whole pergola is actually this wisteria at this point in time. It blooms really well with age and if they are pruned regularly. This is another popular variety of the Chinese wisteria that has a very sweet fragrance and is a free-flowering deciduous climber. The plant grows to an average height of 10-25 feet and some of its cultivars are available in pretty purple and white colors. Water wisteria is a hardy species, so it can be added to lots of different setups. Find out all about the different types of wisteria with their unique characteristics here. Wisteria floribunda 'Violacea Plena'. This is another variety of Silky wisteria that is loved for its wonderful scent and its plush foliage. Unnamed plants may have been grown from seed and take fifteen years to flower – life's too short. Heavenly scented, award-winning Wisteria 'Burford' (Japanese Wisteria) is a deciduous climber with a long season of interest. Photo by: Garden World Images Ltd / Alamy Stock Photo. This wisteria species is generally not as heavily scented as the others, and it also has the shortest clusters or racemes in the entire wisteria family. These pendulous racemes typically grow up to 12 inches long; however, several of its cultivars have dramatic racemes that go even beyond 4 feet (120cm)! If you are looking for a tamer form of wisteria, our native species (American wisteria and Kentucky wisteria) are great alternatives that offer the same lush beauty but are slower growing and less likely to overrun your garden. The leaves of the American Wisteria consist of 11-15 leaflets, and the vines grow in an anti-clockwise direction. The plant grows to an average height of 10 to 25 inches and produces very long drooping clusters or racemes. Among seed-grown wisteria, some individuals may not flower for 20 years, while the average is about eight to 10 years after germination. They bloom early during the spring season and are followed by velvety bean-like pods that slowly ripen in the late summer. This variety of wisteria is known for its amazing scent and its beautiful showiness. The term wisteria may be better known as Wisteria Lane, which was the fictional street in the popular show "Desperate Housewives" (which I loved). long (40 cm), with fragrant, pea-like flowers, that are a combination of pale lilac-blue and deep purple with a yellow spot in the throat. Photo by: Garden World Images Ltd / Alamy Stock Photo. The common wisteria (Wisteria sinensis) with its vivacious lilac coloured petals, is perhaps the best known variety of the wisteria family since it has been in circulation for a longer period of time as a result of its great public demand. Make a choice. These species are less aggressive as compared to the Chinese and Japanese wisteria varieties. In late spring or early summer, it produces masses of very long, drooping clusters, up to 16 in. This is one of the darkest purple wisteria cultivars that is famous for its spectacular tresses of sweet-scented violet flowers. The pods of the Asian wisterias have velvety surfaces covered with a downy fuzz while the pods of native wisteria are smooth. Synonyms Diplonyx Raf. Their flowers also last longer than most other wisterias. There are several cultivars with different flower colors, like white, pink and dark purple. The Japanese Wisteria is often referred to as the "vigorous climber" that reaches to a height of 10 to 30 feet on average but can grow even higher than that. It grows to a height of 10 to 30 feet and mainly grown in regions of the East Coast and the Carolinas. There are Chinese, Japanese and silky wisteria to choose from. They bloom best in full sun, and they are also heavily scented which makes them an ideal choice for you to keep in your home. Browse photos, get design ideas & see the hottest plants, Compare the different types of wisteria vines commonly grown in home gardens, Sign up for weekly gardening inspiration and design tips. Most wisteria you see is the mauve Japanese or Chinese species, but there are a number of other varieties available. It consists of masses of really long hanging clusters that typically go up to 40 inches in length. The flowering period for this wisteria begins in the late spring and ends all the way through the early summer season. Wisteria is a very vigorous vine that needs constant attention or it will take over the area in which it grows. The Chinese wisteria is also a vigorous climber that originated from China. Most gardeners are unaware of the wide range of characteristics offered by Wisteria species and their cultivars in terms of bloom season, fragrance, length of flower clusters (racemes), flower colors, fall foliage. The two species of wisteria most commonly grown in the United States are Japanese wisteria and Chinese wisteria. When the racemes of this plant are about 30 cm or 12 inches long, the clusters burst into a spectacular and fragrant flower curtain that greatly attracts the little buzzing bees in early summer or late spring. Get planting advice, garden design tips and trends, monthly checklists for your area, product specials and more in our weekly newsletter. May be trained horizontally, up to 30 feet or further. Chinese Wisteria/Japanese Wisteria Destroys Native Wildlife Habitats This vine grows very rapidly, reaching up to 70 feet with 15 inch trunks. More about the newsletter. Interestingly, all the flowers of the Chinese wisteria bloom and burst together all at once during May, well before the foliage appears. A native found in the Midwest as well as Louisiana and Texas. great quantities of fragrant blue flowers displayed in pendulous racemes. Phaseoloides Duhamel Rehsonia Stritch Wisteria is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, that includes ten species of woody climbing bines that are nativ… Japanese Wisteria. Has the latest bloom time, with flowers emerging in June. Photo by: InfoFlowersPlants / Shutterstock. Look at the direction the vines twist around their support structure. An interesting fact is that Chinese Wisteria twists clockwise around objects in its path, while Japanese Wisteria twists counterclockwise. These Asian imports have become the favorites of gardeners because of their showy flower clusters, intense fragrance, and the wide array of color options and cultivars available. Wisteria leaves are distinct and identifying them is usually easy. Often times, this plant also produces absolutely stunning reddish-violet flowers that look breathtaking. There are native, W. frutescens, and non-native types of wisteria, including Japanese wisteria (W. floribunda) and Chinese wisteria (W. sinensis). The flowering period of the silky wisteria begins during late spring and ends during the early summer. It is very woody and strong, and can wrap around a tree trunk and destroy the tree. There are 10 species in the wisteria genus with numerous cultivars, but only two main species are typically planted in gardens in … Wisteria sinensis 'Alba'. These flowers typically bloom in the early season along with their plush leaves. This flower is a very reliable and excellent for gardeners that reside in cold climates. This is a vigorous climber from Japan with vines that grow in an anti-clockwise manner. 10 Types of Wisteria Grown Around the World, 11 Types of Rhododendrons for Your Gardens, Wisteria Floribunda 'Rosea' (Pink Japanese Wisteria), Ladybugs (The Secret Ingredient to a Pest Free Garden), 11 Herbs to Grow in Water on Your Windowsill, The Dos, Maybes, and Don'ts of Composting, The Bladderwort Carnivorous Plant (How it Keeps Your Backyard Pond Clean), Cortijo Juan Salvador by Marion Regitko Architects. The Kentucky wisteria has lance-shaped leaves that sport a bright green color and contain 8-10 leaflets. Wisteria is sold in garden centers and nurseries and can be found in numerous home gardens across the country. Wisteria floribunda 'Alba' is a less-common, though highly sought after variety among dedicated gardeners, and has white, elongated flowers. Wisteria macrostachya 'Blue Moon'. It is a famous deciduous climber with extraordinarily large, heavily-scented clusters that extend up to 30 cm in length. When comparing the different types of wisteria, the choice often boils down to aesthetics and availability. The flowers of this wisteria are a gorgeous pale rose that are further tipped with the color purple. 1- to 3-foot-long chain-like clusters of flowers, called racemes. If they turn counterclockwise, you are growing Chinese wisteria or one of the American varieties. It produces beautiful violet-blue flowers that grow clusters called racemes. "This hardy vine … All the flowers in a cluster open at once, well before the foliage appears. The other thing I'd like to show you is that they throw out suckers. These flowers also contain a large, conspicuous yellow-colored spot that makes them stand out from the rest. Both of these varieties are not native to Northern America, and many U.S states classify wisteria as an invasive species. The flowers of this variety are a stunning shade of lilac with dark violet markings shaped like a pea. Spectacular Blue Moon Wisteria Vine Plant 1-2' Tall Potted Plant Fragrant Flowers Attracts Hummingbirds 2-3 Year Old Plants, in dormancy 3.6 out of 5 stars 270 $24.72 Since the flowers of this plant appear late after the foliage, their cascades are not as long as the ones found on the Asian varieties, however, the beautiful blue-violet flowers do look more pleasant than those of the Asiatic species. The bark contains a glycoside and a resin that are both poisonous. The leaves of the plant are as attractive as its flowers, and they sport a light green color with 7-13 leaflets. With so many types of house styles, narrowing the list down to your favorite can be overwhelming. There are at least four varieties of the Chinese wisteria, Wisteria sinensis, available in Australia: the common mauve; a darker, reddish purple called 'Amethyst'; a white called 'Alba'; and another white, 'Jako', which is more strongly scented. Those first exported Asian wisteria seeds were just as variable, and so were their offspring. The flowers of most varieties are heavily scented. Wisteria frutescens 'Amethyst Falls'. Known as silky wisteria or white wisteria, it is a species native to Japan. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. * Required | We will never sell or distribute your email to any other parties or organizations. Some of the most common and other popular varieties of the Chinese wisteria include: Like many other wisteria species, this variety is also quite well-known for its exceptional fragrance and ethereal beauty. The leaves of the Silky wisteria have 9-11 leaflets, initially with silky hair that turn a gorgeous yellow-golden shade during the fall season. Check that your water conditions are suitable and make sure that you don't have any problematic fish that are likely to destroy the plant. The clusters are typically 4 to 6 inches, and the lilac-blue flowers of this plant are bunched together in those clusters. Wisteria venusta var. It produces oval, elliptical shaped leaves with 13-19 leaflets that are usually bronze or pale green in color when young and gradually turn into a gorgeous yellow during the fall season. There are two incredible wisteria tunnels, where wisteria has been trained to grow up a long row of arches and its flowers hang down as if in a scene from a fairytale. The American wisteria is obviously native to the United States, as the name suggests and is a highly popular choice among a majority of the northern gardeners who wish to grow a wisteria vine. It also has one of the latest bloom times, so the flowers of this plant emerge sometime in June. . Many plants grown from seed can be genetically variable with any number of characteristics resulting in the offspring. Some of the most common and other popular varieties of the Japanese wisteria include: This is an award-winning type of Japanese wisteria that is duly noted for its beautiful floral display and its wonderful fragrance. Photo by: blickwinkel / Alamy Stock Photo. They belong to the genus Wisteria, which is made up of ten species of which we will see the most popular below. Chinese and Japanese wisterias are the most widely sold types. What Size of Bean Bag Chair Should I Buy? Types of wisteria: When it comes to wisteria there are two types: Asian and American. The flowering period for this wisteria is early spring during which the gorgeous flowers bloom into colors before the appearance of the leaves. Discover unique garden products curated by the Garden Design editors, plus items you can use to solve problems in your garden right now, and best sellers from around the web. Since it produces flowers just after growing for 2 to 3 years, it has quite a reputation for being the quickest wisteria to bloom. document.write(theDate.getFullYear()) This wisteria is believed to be the most romantic of all the species in the wisteria family and is truly a show-stopper. There are many different types of wisteria vines that grow in North Carolina, but only one species, the American wisteria, is native to the state. Japanese wisteria is a floribunda with blossoms in twenty inch clusters. There are many good wisteria varieties & hybrids. See below Description. Compare the most common types of wisteria. The leaves turn a striking shade of yellow in the fall season which easily enhances the beauty of any garden. Some common characteristics and features of the wisteria plant include: Below are some of the popular and common varieties of wisteria that most gardeners wish to grow. . The original species types of wisteria, came from Japan, Korea, China, together with Central and Southern USA. The Wisteria Festival is held there each year to pay homage to the vine. Unfortunately, these varieties can be difficult to find at local nurseries, but you can often purchase them from mail-order suppliers. The flowering period of this wisteria begins in the late spring and goes on to repeat intermittently during the summer season. Unlike its Japanese cousin, this plant grows well in partial shade and often under full sun, too. Wisteria is commonly described as a vigorous climbing shrub that has been blessed with an abundance of rich and plush foliage, coupled with magnificent, blooming flowers that burst wide open usually during the colorful spring season. This is more of a slender vigorous climber with vines that grow in an anti-clockwise direction. Phonetic Spelling wis-TEER-ee-ah froo-TESS-enz This plant has medium severity poison characteristics. It might be a cold-hardy kind of vine, but if looked after properly and given the right growing conditions, this vine will bloom into mesmerizing cascades of luscious purple-violet flowers that will take your breath away. Chinese wisteria has a Japanese relative, Wisteria floribunda.It requires similar conditions, but the flower color is more lavender-purple, and the flower clusters are longer. Also look at the seedpods. Kraunhia Raf. After a few centuries, they were introduced to the Americas and Europe sometime during the 1800s. Wisteria brachybotrys (syn. The bean-like pods of this vine ripen in late summer and may even keep ripening till the early winter season.
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how many types of wisteria are there 2020


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New study links rate of COVID-19 spread to PM 2.5 concentration in ambient air
Presence of secondary pollutants such as nitrates and sulfates increase the reproduction rate of the virus SARS-CoV-2, according to the study
By Swagata Dey
Published: Friday 27 November 2020
Ambient particulate matter 2.5 concentration directly corresponds to the speed at which the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spreads through a population, a recent study from the United States has said.
It added that the presence of secondary pollutants such as nitrates and sulfates increase the reproduction rate of the virus SARS-CoV-2.
Several studies had earlier highlighted that long-term exposure to air pollution renders a population more vulnerable to COVID-19. The lungs of those exposed to air pollution experience faster disease prognosis and hence, result in higher mortality rates.
The latest research from the lab of professor Rajan Chakrabarty at University of Washington at St Louis, to be published in Journal of Science of the Total Environment, found a positive correlation between state wise R0 and PM 2.5 between March 2 and April 30, 2020.
This period was marked by a rapid surge in COVID-19 cases across the US, despite implementation of strict social distancing norms and a significant drop in air pollution.
Scientifically, the pace at which a disease spreads through a population is estimated using a dimensionless epidemiological parameter knows as the 'basic reproduction ratio' and denoted as R0. It is the average number of individuals that one infected patient would infect in a susceptible population.
Hence, R0 is an important parameter for both policy makers and frontline health workers, for it describes the onset of the outbreak of an infectious disease base on the threshold, Ro = 1. As R0 increases to greater than 1, the spread of the disease becomes more rapid and control measures become less effective.
For the study, daily concentration of ozone, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), relative humidity, and sulphur dioxide (SO2) have been averaged annually between 2012 and 2017.
Studies using multiple epidemiological and mathematical models suggest that an increase of 0.22 in R0 correspond to a mere 10 per cent increase in secondary pollutants such as sulfates, nitrogen dioxide and ammonia (collectively known as SNA), all of which come from vehicular and industrial emissions.
Specifically, when PM 2.5 was below 6 micrograms (µg), R0 increased rapidly with an increase in PM 2.5 concentration before reaching a plateau, after which it remained constant.
This increasing trend slowed down upon reaching its plateau. A mathematical analysis showed that a meagre 1.0 µg / m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration led to an increase of 0.25 in R0.
Though there is not much of a strong direct correlation between black carbon (BC) and R0, it was found that areas wherein PM 2.5 was primarily composed of SNA, an increase in BC, leads to in an increase in R0.
The team also investigated confounding factors such as population, population density and age, number of people tested, poverty rate, percentage of healthcare workers in the area, race and other demographics. It still found that there existed a direct linear association between R0 and long term PM 2.5 exposure.
For instance, to eliminate SNA fraction to simple being a compositional surrogate for population density (SNA concentration is closely linked to mass urbanization), the researchers compared Alabama and Louisiana. The two states have similar climate, economy and demographics.
It was found that though the population densities between Alabama and Louisiana differed by a mere 1.04 per cent, Louisana's fraction of SNA in its PM 2.5 was about five per cent more.
R0 in Louisiana is 20.7 per cent higher than Alabama, which reinforced the argument that R0 increases with an increase in pollution.
Chakrabarty and his group found these correlations to be the strongest in places where pollution levels were well below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of the US, thus elucidating that even if the air was 'safe' to breathe, presence of PM 2.5 in air would be dangerous and long-term exposure would only compound the problem.
The strong association between long-term exposure to low ambient PM2.5 and R0 has major implications for India, especially in Delhi, which has been experiencing a surge of cases since October.
COVID-19 surge in Delhi
As of today, every sixth person dying from COVID-19 in India is a Delhi resident. With an average of over 5,000 confirmed cases a day, Delhi is responsible for about 10 per cent of total infections, though it has only two per cent of the country's total population.
The annual air pollution conundrum in Delhi-NCR is legendary and it is safe to say that all long-term Delhi residents have had considerable exposure to PM 2.5. These factors, combined with Chakraborty's results and the annual festive season, can be assumed to be responsible for the spike in COVID-19 cases in Delhi.
In the source apportionment study for Delhi, it was reported that for PM 2.5, in winter, secondary particulates accounted for 30 per cent of the total concentration, while in summer, secondary particulates (comprising mainly of SNA) accounted for 15 per cent contribution of secondary particulates.
While sources of pollution differ in summer and winter months, secondary particles and vehicles are consistent throughout the year. Secondary particles originate from precursor gases such as SO2, and NOx. These precursor gases are emitted from large sources.
The major sources of SO2 are large power plants and refineries. The north-westerly winds also transport SO2 from these power plants and refineries situated in the upstream of Delhi. NOx, on the other hand, is emitted from local sources such as vehicles and power plants.
Tackling air pollution, therefore, must be integrated with all strategies to control the surge in COVID-19 cases. Our standards that are already much weaker than those of the United States need a major revision. What we Indians have traditionally considered safe and clean air — is the air actually safe?
If even low levels of PM2.5 can increase the rate of infection, one can compute horrific possibilities with levels such high as ours
The pandemic can help us help us learn many lessons regarding public health measures. Tackling air pollution at the source and revising out standards is just one of them.
coronavirus reproduction number covid-19 Particulate Matter nitrous oxide Nitrogen Dioxide Ammonia United States (US) reproduction number (r) Pollution India
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This page contains information for parents and carers on how we cater for children with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) at St Anne's C.E. Primary School.
"The SEND information on the school website is very easy to locate and download to read on a tablet."
"The website is very helpful, useful and informative."
"The information regarding transition to secondary school is useful. I'm so happy there's support and help."
"It is very easy to communicate with the appropriate SENCO, all teachers are very accessible and the support my child receives in excellent - thank you."
"I found it very useful to see the names of the TA's and their specialities. This helps to place who is involved and why."
"The one page profile is very useful and has boosted my daughter's confidence and self esteem."
"The current SENCO is very approachable and there is a genuine dialogue and discussion which is appreciated."
SEND Acronyms - What do they each mean?


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Черничное — название населённых пунктов.

Белоруссия
 Черничное — деревня в Берёзовском районе Брестской области.
 Черничное — деревня в Кобринском районе Брестской области.
 Черничное — деревня в Копыльском районе Минской области.

Россия
 Черничное — посёлок в Выборгском районе Ленинградской области.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Click Here To Learn More About H & R Motors Inc.
About H & R Motors Inc.
We are a family owned business. We have been in business since 1995. It is our hope to make your car buying experience stress free and provide you with the vehicle you desire. We have clean, late model, previously owned vehicles. Check out our website and if we do not have what you are looking for we will try our best to locate what you want. We have several different places that we use to finance through that have great rates. Give us a call at 205 467-3192 or come by and take a test drive. We promise there will be no high pressure sales people. When you drive off our lot, we want you to feel at peace, and happy with your experience at H & R Motors Inc.
Welcome to H & R Motors Inc. Be sure to visit our virtual showroom of inventory available for purchase. There you will see detailed information about each vehicle, a picture gallery, as well as convenient ways to contact us for more information about that vehicle. We are located at 26 Murphrees Valley Road and we are available by phone at 205-467-3192 . You can also get driving directions and hours of service from our user friendly website.


Noel Gallagher has compared his life now with his life when he was in Oasis as part of a new interview.
It has been nine years since the Manchester band split up just before they were due to headline French festival Rock en Seine.
Meanwhile, Gallagher recently took part in a live Q&A in London to launch his new book, Any Road Will Get Us There (If We Don't Know Where We're Going). During the conversation, he compared touring with Oasis to touring solo, calling the latter "completely different".
"I do this at my own pace, and the band; I wouldn't be on tour with another set of people," he said. "If I could choose any people in the world to tour with, it would be these. They're great to hang out with and not too expensive – which is important.


text:
Die Bad Homburger Schlosskonzerte ist eine Konzertreihe im Schloss Bad Homburg.

Geschichte
Nachdem die vom damaligen Kuratorium Bad Homburger Schlosskirche (heute Kuratorium Bad Homburger Schloss) veranstaltete Konzertreihe Bad Homburger Schlosskonzerte 1995 eingestellt worden war, initiierte der Kulturmanager Karl-Werner Joerg im Jahr 2000 eine neue Reihe der Schlosskonzerte. Joerg ist seither deren künstlerischer und organisatorischer Leiter und zudem Vorstandsvorsitzender der Stiftung Bad Homburger Schlosskonzerte.

In jeder Saison gastiert ein "Orchestra in residence". Als solches wurden jeweils Kammerorchester engagiert wie zum Beispiel das Württembergische Kammerorchester Heilbronn oder das Südwestdeutsche Kammerorchester Pforzheim. Die Leitung der Orchesterkonzerte übernahm in den ersten Jahren der Preisträger des von 2000 bis 2005 ausgetragenen Bad Homburger Dirigentenbewerbs. Seit 2006 werden die Orchesterkonzerte in der Regel von den Sonderpreisträgern des Deutschen Dirigentenpreises geleitet.

Zudem fand von 2006 bis 2016 alle zwei Jahre das gemeinsam mit dem Geiger Christian Tetzlaff begründete Bad Homburger Kammermusikfest zur Förderung junger begabter Instrumentalisten statt. Im Jahr 2011 wurde eine Konzertreihe für Kinder im Grundschulalter installiert, seit 2012 ergänzt die Konzertreihe "Meisterpianisten" das Programm der Schlosskonzerte.

Neben den jungen Künstlern treten außerdem etablierte Instrumentalisten und Sänger in der Konzertreihe auf, bisher zum Beispiel Christian Tetzlaff, Lars Vogt, Michala Petri, Babette Haag, Nils Mönkemeyer, Linus Roth, Ariel Zuckermann, Katarzyna Mycka, Shirley Brill, Tanja Becker-Bender, Christian Lampert, Christian Elsner und Matthias Kirschnereit.

Die Programme der Schlosskonzerte beinhalten verschiedene musikalische Stilrichtungen vom Barock bis hin zu zeitgenössischer Musik. Es wurden bei den Schlosskonzerte auch eigens geschaffene Kompositionen oder Bearbeitungen aufgeführt.

Weblinks
 Website

Einzelnachweise

Musikveranstaltung in Hessen
Kultur (Bad Homburg vor der Höhe)
Veranstaltung im Hochtaunuskreis
__INHALTSVERZEICHNIS_ERZWINGEN__


Where Should I Begin with the Bible?
BlogWhere Should I Begin with the Bible?
The Bible can be a rich resource for study, devotion, and spiritual growth. Many of us realize this, and want to spend time with the Bible, but don't know where to begin. Here are a few ideas about why reading the Bible is important for Christians, how we approach the Bible in the Episcopal tradition, and how to get going with it.
One clue comes in 2 Timothy 3:16-17 - "Every scripture is inspired by God and is useful for teaching, for showing mistakes, for correcting, and for training character, so that the person who belongs to God can be equipped to do everything that is good" (Common English Bible). We read it primarily because, as 2 Tim. says, it's for "equipping us in doing good." It's there to help us grow, and to inspire us to do God's work in the world.
The Catechism in the Episcopal Book of Common Prayer says that the Bible is called "the Word of God because God inspired its human authors, and because God still speaks to us through the Bible." It goes on to explain that "We understand the meaning of the Bible by the help of the Holy Spirit who guides the Church in the true interpretations of the Scriptures" (BCP 853-854).
There are a few important points to make when elaborating on these simple statements. First, it's important for us to remember that Anglicans/Episcopalians have never approached Scripture in an overly literal fashion. As Archbishop Michael Ramsey is reported to have said, we do not believe (as some seem to) that the Bible "fell from heaven in the King James Version, bound in leather, complete with maps." If only it were that easy! To study scripture in the Anglican tradition is to wrestle with the Word of God like Jacob in the wilderness, and sometimes to come away wounded (Ex. 32:24-32).
It is also important to remember that the Bible, though the word means "book," is not really a book: it is a library of books written by many different people of many different perspectives and contexts; written in different styles over several centuries; and written in languages not our own: Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. These facts should give one a clue that reading the Bible is never a simple task.
Thirdly, it is important to remember that that the Church gave us the Scriptures. The Bible is the Church's book, and the Church places herself under the authority of its writings. The decision on the canon (rule or measurement) of scripture found in the Bible was a historical process not officially decided upon by the Church until around 400 A.D. The criteria for the decisions made were based on: 1) the belief that the books had apostolic authorship, 2) their wide use in the Christian tradition of the time, and most importantly 3) their witness to the regula fidei, the Rule of Faith, as enshrined in the Nicene and Apostle's Creeds. The Creeds tell us the story of God's saving work in history, and it is to this story that we always return when interpreting scripture as a Church community. As the New Testament scholar Christopher Bryan writes, "Whenever we begin to feel confused or lost, it is to the foundational story itself, the story of God's faithfulness, that we must return" (Christopher Bryan, And God Spoke, Cambridge MA: Cowley Publications, 2002, p. 13). The Church, then, does not create the truth provided in the Scriptures, but the Church gathered together in community as a whole interprets that truth (p. 16).
None of this is meant to imply somehow that because the Bible's authority is a subjective authority that it has no value or relevance today. On the contrary! The Bible is a story about human beings and our relationship with God. While the names and settings may have changed, the search for meaning in human lives remains. This is what the Bible is all about. It is about living our human lives in light of the Rule of Faith enshrined in the Creeds, and exemplified in passages like 1 Corinthians 15:1-5 and Acts 2-4. The Gospel does not change, but we do, and through a life of faith lived in Christ's Body the Church we come to understand that gospel more clearly, and to embrace it more fully.
It's best to start simply. Though some people elect to take on the task of reading the Bible cover-to-cover, and while you might want to do that someday, start by walking before you decide to run a marathon. Begin with one of the four gospels, for example: Matthew, Mark, Luke, or John. You could choose maybe to read a chapter a day from one of those books as part of your prayer time, which would be a reasonable and achievable goal. Or, maybe decide to read one or two of the Psalms each day. The books of Genesis and Exodus are also great places to start. Avoid beginning in deep waters like Leviticus or Revelation - that's for later. Keep it simple. Allow God to begin to speak to you through these somewhat familiar, though still often challenging books.
Another option for choosing where to start would be follow the suggestions of the Daily Office Lectionary found in the Book of Common Prayer. Sometimes, the lectionary can seem to be a bit of a mystery, however. An easier way to follow it would be to pick up a copy of Forward Day by Day, a free devotional book that is available on the tables outside of the church doors. Each day it offers a short meditation based on the appointed readings, and it lists those readings so you can look them up. You can also find this resource online, as well as in app form for your mobile device.
Though we're talking about the Bible as a devotional resource, it's also useful to have a Bible with notes to help you in understanding. Any of the following are fine study Bibles. I personally prefer the New Oxford (NRSV) and the Catholic Study Bible (NAB). I'm also gaining a real affinity for the Common English Bible (CEB). Many others swear by the Harper Collins Study Bible (NRSV). Many really seem to like the NIV. Again, all of these contain solid, up-to-date scholarship and are all good translations. Look at them all to see which one might best suit your needs.
Attridge, Harold W., ed. The Harper Collins Study Bible – Fully Revised and Updated: New Revised Standard Version with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books. San Francisco: Harper Collins, 2006.
Barker, Kenneth, ed. NIV Study Bible. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 2011.
Coogan, Michael D., ed. The New Oxford Annotated Study Bible, Fully Revised 5th Edition with Apocrypha: New Revised Standard Version. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
Green, Joel, ed. The CEB Study Bible with Apocrypha. Nashville: Common English Bible, 2013.
Senior, Donald and Mary Ann Getty and John J. Collins, eds. The Catholic Study Bible, Third Edition: New American Bible. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.
Encounter with the Bible changes lives. How could it not if it's the inspired word of God? Wherever you begin, I promise you, God will speak to you through what you read. As a wise Jewish rabbi once said to his students, there are 613 laws in the Torah. Where does one begin with such an overwhelming list? To begin, just pick one and start there.
Best wishes to you as you begin your journey with the Bible. If you have questions, don't hesitate to reach out to me.
Have you sprung a leak?


text:
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Iron and Manganese Problems
Water Facts
August 2, 2016 Water Facts Home, Vacation by blueprint
When iron is present in a water supply, it is quite evident because iron bearing water readily stains plumbing fixtures and cooking utensils. Laundry done in iron water soon becomes stained a reddish brown color. Iron will often times impart a metallic or medicinal taste to the water.
Depending on the concentration of iron in the water, beverages made with this water often have an unappetizing inky black appearance. The flavor of coffee, tea or mixed drinks can be ruined.
When iron precipitates it discolors the water yellow, brown or red. It also accumulates in pipes and valves frequently reducing the flow rate capacity. Iron will cause problems with all water using appliances and reduce the capacity of ion exchange water softeners.
All of the above problems are associated with water when iron is present even in very small amounts. The EPA has established National Primary Drinking Water Regulations that set mandatory water quality standards for drinking water contaminants. The MCL, maximum contaminant level, for iron in drinking water is 0.3 mg/L or ppm of iron. There are some areas of the country that have iron in excess of 70 ppm, but this is extremely rare, and usually we find less than 10 ppm.
A concentration of 0.3 ppm is considered to be the minimum staining level. Above this amount staining will occur.
Iron is dissolved by ground waters containing carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide will lower the pH of groundwater making it acidic. Generally, the lower the water's pH, the higher the iron content because the iron compounds in soils and rocks are dissolved by the acid water.
The lower the water's pH, the higher the iron content is because the iron compounds in soils and rocks are dissolved by the acid water.
Iron exists in three basic forms; ferrous, ferric and bacterial.
Ferrous iron, commonly referred to as "clear water" iron, or dissolved iron, is usually found in water drawn from wells. Ferrous iron, is iron in solution and remains in the ferrous state as long as the water remains underground where oxygen is scarce. Ferrous iron, when brought to the surface, is typically colorless but may have a distinct iron taste.
When water containing ferrous iron is exposed to air oxidation takes place and ferric iron is formed. Ferric iron is insoluble. This insoluble iron is red-orange colored, thus ferric iron is often called "red water" iron. It is not uncommon for this precipitant to settle to the bottom of anything the water is stored in such as pressure tanks, water heaters and water closets.
Iron is rarely found in surface water such as lakes, streams or ponds since iron oxidizes upon exposure to air and settles out.
Iron bacteria are a natural part of the environment in many US States and most other parts of the world. These microorganisms combine dissolved iron or manganese with oxygen. In the process, the bacteria can produce a brown slime that can build up on well screens, pipes and plumbing lines as well as creating objectionable odors.
Iron reduction is tricky because iron is found in three different forms which respond differently to the reduction techniques available in the past. Also water temperature, pH, and other contaminants can influence the success of various iron reduction methods.
Manganese is the elusive element.
Manganese must not be confused with magnesium, one of the constituents of hardness. Manganese is usually found in water that contains iron. Although manganese is more rare than iron, it is even more annoying than iron because it produces extremely objectionable brown or black stains.
These stains occur when the manganese content is above 0.05 ppm, the maximum level recommended by US Public Health Service standards.
Manganese is more difficult to reduce from water than iron. The oxidation rate of manganese is slower than iron and the pH must be considerably higher. The pH must be 8.2 or above for the oxidation to occur. This pH requirement is of particular importance because manganese is most often found in acidic water supplies.
Like iron, manganese is commonly found in deep well waters. When first drawn, the water is clear but exposure to the air converts the clear soluble manganese into a black or dark brown insoluble form. Once this occurs like iron, manganese will stain.
Nitrates in Drinking Water Quick Facts…
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text:
Royal Liverpool Philharmonic/Vasily Petrenko Hilary Hahn [An American in Paris … Jennifer Higdon Violin Concerto … Elgar 1]
An American in Paris
Violin Concerto [UK premiere]
Symphony No.1 in A flat, Op.55
Hilary Hahn (violin)
Vasily Petrenko
Reviewed by: Glyn Môn Hughes
Reviewed: 28 May, 2009
Venue: Philharmonic Hall, Liverpool
In recent years, Philharmonic audiences have been subjected to a good deal of contemporary American music. Some of it was, without question, great. Some should never have crossed the street where it was written, never mind the Atlantic. So it was with a little nervous trepidation that we came to hear Jennifer Higdon's Violin Concerto. The music of this New Yorker is something of a mystery and, having heard this long but totally fascinating concerto, we need to hear more!
In three movements, it is, at times, reminiscent of Holst, with some Samuel Barber thrown in. What it does show is Higdon's immense knowledge of the orchestra and how it can be used. She chooses a large ensemble with multiple percussion – a section she works hard throughout. Her Violin Concerto is melodic, thoughtful, exciting and exhilarating. The opening movement initiates a series of short conversations between soloist and orchestra principals and is incessant, always pushing ahead with interweaving lines added to bewitch. At the outset – and at the conclusion – the violin is used high in its register, an almost pining sound to seek-out friends somewhere.
It was the playing of Hilary Hahn, back in Liverpool after her incredible Tchaikovsky performance in November, which stole the show: the cadenza in the opening movement was fiery, the finale – with its spiky, Bartók-like rhythms – breathtaking. The real fascination though is the slow movement, a merging of chaconnes – pieces built on the same harmonic progression – except here there are several moving at once, which kept listeners busy!
A grand performance of Elgar's First Symphony closed the concert. This was Vasily Petrenko's last appearance this season with the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic – and he exited with some musical fireworks. The Orchestra donned its mantle of, possibly, the expert interpreter of English music and it worked even if it was a breathless performance, less than rousing, but the Adagio was quite sublime.
The concert opened with Gershwin's An American in Paris. It could be argued this was a flippant 'overture', a rather gauche view of 1920s' Paris . But listen to the thematic development, hear the orchestral soloists – oboe, flute, violin and percussionists in particular – and then savour Petrenko's slinky, laid-back interpretation of the central part of this piece and most would agree it is a masterpiece.
Broadcast on BBC Radio 3 on Monday 1 June at 7 p.m.
RLPO


text:
# hypot

> Compute the [hypotenuse][hypotenuse].

## Usage

```javascript
var hypot = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/fast/hypot' );
```

#### hypot( x, y )

Computes the [hypotenuse][hypotenuse].

```javascript
var h = hypot( -5.0, 12.0 );
// returns 13.0
```

## Notes

-   For a sufficiently large `x` and/or `y`, computing the hypotenuse will overflow.

    ```javascript
    var h = hypot( 1.0e154, 1.0e154 );
    // returns Infinity
    ```

    Similarly, for sufficiently small `x` and/or `y`, computing the hypotenuse will underflow.

    ```javascript
    var h = hypot( 1e-200, 1.0e-200 );
    // returns 0.0
    ```

## Examples

```javascript
var randu = require( '@stdlib/random/base/randu' );
var round = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/round' );
var hypot = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/fast/hypot' );

var x;
var y;
var h;
var i;

for ( i = 0; i < 100; i++ ) {
    x = round( randu()*100.0 ) - 50.0;
    y = round( randu()*100.0 ) - 50.0;
    h = hypot( x, y );
    console.log( 'hypot(%d,%d) = %d', x, y, h );
}
```

* * *

## See Also

-   [`@stdlib/math/base/special/hypot`][@stdlib/math/base/special/hypot]: compute the hypotenuse avoiding overflow and underflow.

[hypotenuse]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_theorem

[@stdlib/math/base/special/hypot]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/tree/develop/lib/node_modules/%40stdlib/math/base/special/hypot

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes
E.W. Bullinger
Ethelbert William Bullinger AKC (December 15, 1837 - June 6, 1913) was an Anglican clergyman, Biblical scholar, and ultradispensationalist theologian.
He was born in Canterbury, Kent, England, the youngest of five children of William and Mary (Bent) Bullinger. His family traced their ancestry back to Heinrich Bullinger, the Swiss Reformer.
His formal theological training was at King's College London from 1860-1861, earning an Associate's degree. After graduation, on October 15, 1861, he married Emma Dobson, thirteen years his senior. He later received a Doctor of Divinity degree in 1881 from Archibald Campbell Tait, Archbishop of Canterbury who cited Bullinger's "eminent service in the Church in the department of Biblical criticism."
Bullinger's career in the Church of England spanned 1861 until 1888. He began as associate curate in the parish of St. Mary Magdalene, Bermondsey in 1861, and was ordained as a priest in the Church of England in 1862. He served as parish curate in Tittleshall from 1863-1866; Notting Hill from 1866-1869; Leytonstone, 1869-1870; then Walthamstow until he became vicar of the newly established parish of St. Stephen's in 1874. He resigned his vicarage in 1888.
In the spring of 1867, Bullinger became clerical secretary of the Trinitarian Bible Society, a position he would hold till his death in 1913. Bullinger was editor of a monthly journal Things to Come subtitled A Journal of Biblical Literature, with Special Reference to Prophetic Truth. The Official Organ of Prophetic Conferences for over 20 years (1894-1915) and contributed many articles.


text:
NEW MEDICINE
With help from a tortoise, scientists invented an insulin pill for diabetes patients
Get precise.
Image: Reuters/Mario Anzuoni
Chase Purdy
PublishedFebruary 8, 2019
It's basically the medical world's version of a really cool Rube Goldberg machine, designed to painlessly save someone's life.
It's the size of a blueberry, and it's the product of years of research by scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who have been trying to figure out new, less intrusive ways to deliver insulin to people who suffer from type 1 diabetes. A study on how this new invention works was published this week (Feb. 7) in the journal Science.
Presently, people living with type 1 diabetes have to personally inject themselves with insulin by pricking themselves with a needle. It's a daily procedure that's annoying, painful, and absolutely necessary to avoid medical complications. With that in mind, the scientists set out to find a more painless method of administering insulin.
The magic of their work exists inside a pill, which covers a small, rudimentary machine comprised of a single biodegradable needle (early prototypes included several needles) that has a tip made entirely of compressed, freeze-dried insulin. The needle is attached to a compressed spring held in place by a tiny disk made of sugar. The idea is that, once a person swallows this pill, the water in the stomach dissolves the sugar, releasing the spring, which sends the minuscule, insulin-covered needle tip into the the wall of the stomach where it gets into the blood supply.
The walls of the stomach don't have pain receptors, so the injection will be painless for people who take the pill.
"To ensure that the drug is injected into the stomach wall, the researchers designed their system so that no matter how the capsule lands in the stomach, it can orient itself so the needle is in contact with the lining of the stomach," an MIT statement reads.
That design was inspired by nature, actually. The scientists found it while studying the physiology of a leopard tortoise, a reptile that forages throughout the African continent's expansive savannas. The animal's shell has a steep dome, so when it accidentally finds itself flipped over, it's easily able to right itself. Using that same design in their modeling, the researchers found they could build a capsule that rests itself next to the stomach wall in spite of the dynamic internal environment of the organ. The research has already proven effective in testing on pigs.
It's unclear when the pill will begin undergoing testing of humans, let alone when it will be ready for the consumer market. But researchers are proceeding to the next step of their work, which includes partnering with Novo Nordisk, a Danish multinational pharmaceutical company. With the help of that firm, they hope to further develop the pill and create a manufacturing process that will allow for wider distribution.
In the future, it could be designed for people suffering from health issues beyond type 1 diabetes. It could also work in treating rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease, the MIT statement says.


text:
Sukhobizyarka () is a rural locality (a settlement) in Palnikovskoye Rural Settlement, Permsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 199 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

Geography
Sukhobizyarka is located 76 km south of Perm (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bizyar is the nearest rural locality.

References

Rural localities in Permsky District


There was some respite from the ongoing drought in the Seacoast as a successful ritual sacrifice by the City of Portsmouth first brought heavy thunderstorms last weekend, and then again this weekend Sunday evening into Monday.
The storm lead to several power outages as work crews scrambled to keep up with the unholy storm.
The council was worried about the effects of the storm and latent curses on the end of the tourist season, but turns out tourism didn't take a hit, either. The Seacoast surfing community lined up after Hermine moved off-shore, bringing some "killer waves", according to surf watchdogs.


text:
An open graph visualization system and its applications to software engineering
by Emden R. Gansner, Stephen C. North - SOFTWARE - PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE , 2000
"... We describe a package of practical tools and libraries for manipulating graphs and their drawings. Our design, which aimed at facilitating the combination of the package components with other tools, includes stream and event interfaces for graph operations, high-quality static and dynamic layout alg ..."
We describe a package of practical tools and libraries for manipulating graphs and their drawings. Our design, which aimed at facilitating the combination of the package components with other tools, includes stream and event interfaces for graph operations, high-quality static and dynamic layout algorithms, and the ability to handle sizable graphs. We conclude with a description of the applications of this package to a variety of software engineering tools.
Control-Flow Analysis of Higher-Order Languages
by Olin Shivers , 1991
"... representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of ONR or the U.S. Government. Keywords: data-flow analysis, Scheme, LISP, ML, CPS, type recovery, higher-order functions, functional programming, optimising compilers, denotational semantics, nonstandard Programs written in powerful, ..."
representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of ONR or the U.S. Government. Keywords: data-flow analysis, Scheme, LISP, ML, CPS, type recovery, higher-order functions, functional programming, optimising compilers, denotational semantics, nonstandard Programs written in powerful
Typed closure conversion
by Yasuhiko Minamide, Greg Morrisett, Robert Harper - In Proceedings of the 23th Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL , 1996
"... The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing o cial policies, either expressed or implied, of the Advanced Research Projects Agency or the U.S. Government. Any opinions, ndings, and conclusions or recommendations expresse ..."
expressed in this material are those of the We study the typing properties of closure conversion for simply-typed and polymorphic-calculi. Unlike most accounts of closure conversion, which only treat the untyped-calculus, we translate well-typed source programs to well-typed target programs. This allows
Gross Job Creation, Gross Job Destruction and Employment Reallocation," Quarterly
by Steven J. Davis, John Haltiwanger - Journal of Economics , 1992
"... This study measures the heterogeneity of establishment-level employment changes in the U. S. manufacturing sector over the 1972 to 1986 period. We measure this heterogeneity in terms of the gross creation and destruction of jobs and the rate at which jobs are reallocated across plants. Our measureme ..."
This study measures the heterogeneity of establishment-level employment changes in the U. S. manufacturing sector over the 1972 to 1986 period. We measure this heterogeneity in terms of the gross creation and destruction of jobs and the rate at which jobs are reallocated across plants. Our measurement efforts enable us to quantify the connection between job reallocation and worker realloca-tion, to evaluate theories of heterogeneity in plant-level employment dynamics, and to establish new results related to the cyclical behavior of the labor market. I.
Recent Developments in the Econometrics of Program Evaluation
by Guido W. Imbens, Jeffrey M. Wooldridge , 2008
Local CPS conversion
by John Reppy , 2001
"... Local CPS conversion is a compiler transformation for improving the code generated for nested loops by a direct-style compiler. The transformation consists of a combination of CPS conversion and light-weight closure conversion, which allows the compiler to merge the environments of nested recursi ..."
Local CPS conversion is a compiler transformation for improving the code generated for nested loops by a direct-style compiler. The transformation consists of a combination of CPS conversion and light-weight closure conversion, which allows the compiler to merge the environments of nested
Trade, Quality Upgrading and Wage Inequality in the Mexican Manufacturing Sector: Theory and Evidence . . .
by Eric Verhoogen - JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS , 2008
"... This paper proposes a new model of the link between expanding trade and rising wage inequality in developing countries, and investigates its causal implications in a newly constructed panel of Mexican manufacturing establishments. In a theoretical setting with heterogeneous firms and quality differe ..."
This paper proposes a new model of the link between expanding trade and rising wage inequality in developing countries, and investigates its causal implications in a newly constructed panel of Mexican manufacturing establishments. In a theoretical setting with heterogeneous firms and quality differentiation, only the most productive firms in a developing country like Mexico enter the export market, and they produce a better-quality good for export than for the domestic market in order to appeal to richer developed-country consumers. Producing high-quality goods requires paying high wages both to white-collar and to blue-collar – but especially to white-collar – employees. An increase in the incentive for developing-country producers to export generates differential quality upgrading within industries, as more-productive firms increase exports and produce a greater share of high-quality goods, while less-productive firms remain focused on the domestic market. This process raises wage inequality both between firms and within the firms that upgrade. The empirical part of the paper uses a major exchange rate shock – the Mexican peso crisis of late 1994 – to test this causal mechanism. I find robust evidence that during the years of the crisis initially more-productive plants increased both white-collar and blue-collar wages and
Representing control: a study of the CPS transformation
by Olivier Danvy, Andrzej Filinski , 1992
"... This paper investigates the transformation of v -terms into continuation-passing style (CPS). We show that by appropriate j-expansion of Fischer and Plotkin's two-pass equational specification of the CPS transform, we can obtain a static and context-free separation of the result terms into ..."
This paper investigates the transformation of v -terms into continuation-passing style (CPS). We show that by appropriate j-expansion of Fischer and Plotkin's two-pass equational specification of the CPS transform, we can obtain a static and context-free separation of the result terms
Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction
by Ivan A. Sag, Thomas Wasow , 1999
Alias Types
by Frederick Smith, David Walker, Greg Morrisett - In European Symposium on Programming , 1999
"... Linear type systems allow destructive operations such as object deallocation and imperative updates of functional data structures. These operations and others, such as the ability to reuse memory at di#erent types, are essential in low-level typed languages. However, traditional linear type syste ..."
Linear type systems allow destructive operations such as object deallocation and imperative updates of functional data structures. These operations and others, such as the ability to reuse memory at di#erent types, are essential in low-level typed languages. However, traditional linear type


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text:
The nature of strings in the nebula around Carinae *
K. Weis ** 1,2, W.J. Duschl 1,3 and Y.-H. Chu 2
1 Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Tiergartenstrasse 15, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany
2 University of Illinois, Department of Astronomy, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
3 Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
Received 6 October 1998 / Accepted 5 July 1999
Carinae is one of the most extreme cases of a Luminous Blue Variable star. A bipolar nebula of 17" size surrounds the central object. Even further out, a large amount of filamentary material extends to a distance of 30" or about 0.3 pc. In this paper we present a detailed kinematic and morphological analysis of some outer filaments in this nebula which we call strings . All strings are extremly long and narrow structures. We identified 5 strings which have sizes of 0.058 to 0.177 pc in length and a width of only 0.002 pc. Using high-resolution long-slit echelle spectroscopy it was found that the strings follow a Hubble law with velocities increasing towards larger distances from the star. With these unique properties, high collimation and linear increase of the radial velocity the strings represent a newly found phenomena in the structure and evolution of nebulae around LBVs. Finally, we show that morphologically similar strings can be found in the planetary nebula NGC 6543, a possible PN-counterpart to this phenomenon.
Key words: stars: individual: j Car stars: evolution stars: mass-loss ISM: bubbles ISM: jets and outflows
* Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract No. NAS5-26555.
** Visiting Astronomer, Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatories, operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foundation.
Send offprint requests to: K. Weis, Heidelberg, Germany (kweis@ita.uni-heidelberg.de)
Correspondence to: K. Weis, Heidelberg, Germany
Online publication: September 2, 1999


text:
Anthony Mackie quietly weds longtime girlfriend
By Carlos Greer
June 8, 2015 | 10:49pm
Anthony Mackie Getty Images
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"Captain America" star Anthony Mackie has quietly married his longtime girlfriend, Sheletta Chapital, multiple sources confirmed to Page Six.
The actor married his childhood sweetheart and mother of his two sons in December. They had a small ceremony at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic.
Mackie flew her to the island while he was filming "Our Brand Is Crisis" with Sandra Bullock. They tied the knot in front of about 150 close family members and friends. "It was low-key and super-relaxed," says a source who attended the beach wedding. "They had a welcome dinner. We golfed and drank. They went on a honeymoon soon after."
Mackie, 36, and Chapital are both from New Orleans and have known each other since they were 7 years old. The actor has said they have been on-and-off since they were in grade school. They rekindled their romance while Mackie was rebuilding homes in New Orleans after starring in 2009's multiple Oscar-winning movie "The Hurt Locker."
There was online buzz about their wedding earlier this year after she changed her surname on Facebook to "Chapital Mackie," but the couple has never officially confirmed their nuptuals.
Another source adds that Mackie is completely cutting ties with New York after a Manhattan judge in February found the star guilty of driving while impaired. He says it's time to "bid adieu" to the city, according to the source, who added,"He was really upset with the judge's decision." Mackie had argued he had only taken antihistamines and the police testimony was not reliable, but at the time had said it was a "fair conclusion."
Mackie will now make New Orleans his main home. In April, he closed down NoBar, a NOLA-style restaurant and bar he opened in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, in 2011. Employees were disgruntled after claiming he gave them only one week's notice that he was shutting down. Another person close to the star says he had warned staff far further in advance.
A rep for the star did not comment Monday night.
Other celebrities who secretly tied the knot:
Secret weddings seem to be Scarlett Johansson's thing. The "Avengers" starlet was previously wed in secret to Ryan Reynolds, and history repeated itself when she and Romain Dauriac tied the knot following the birth of their daughter, Rose, in September.
Sean Hayes (right) revealed on Twitter that he and his partner of eight years, Scott Icenogle, married in November.
WireImage
Fran Drescher announced on Twitter that she married Dr. Shiva Ayyadurai, her boyfriend of over a year, in September.
Twitter.com/FranDrescher
Neil Patrick Harris wed longtime partner David Burtka in Italy in September, but no one knew until the "How I Met Your Mother" star tweeted about it a few days later.
Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie are two of the biggest stars on the planet, but the couple managed to fly under the radar with their wedding on Aug. 23 at Chateau Miraval in France. The press had no idea until five days later!
Jeremy Renner confessed to Capitol File magazine that yes, he is married. "I have tried to protect my family's privacy, my wife's privacy," he said. "I don't need her to get hammered with my life. Privacy issues are important because I want her to go about her day without being bothered." Apparently it didn't help: She filed for divorce in December 2014.
Janet Jackson married longtime boyfriend Rene Elizondo in 1991 ... and no one in the world knew about it until he filed for divorce in 2000.
Jackson is a repeat offender! When it comes to secret weddings, that is. In February 2013, rumors of an over-the-top impending wedding plagued Jackson and Wissam al Mana so much that the singer came clean. Jackson told "Entertainment Tonight," "The rumors regarding an extravagant wedding are simply not true. Last year we were married in a quiet, private and beautiful ceremony."
Like Janet Jackson, Emmy Rossum also kept an entire marriage secret: No one knew the "Shameless" actress was married to music exec Justin Siegel until the pair divorced in 2010.
Beyoncé and Jay Z married on April 4, 2008, but didn't confirm their status until six months later.
Gwyneth Paltrow and Chris Martin wed in a small, secret ceremony with no family members present. They "consciously uncoupled" last year.
Bob Dylan married backup singer Carol Dennis in 1986, fathering daughter Desiree in January of that year. No one knew about it until 2002 ... a decade after Dylan and Dennis divorced.
Mandy Moore and Ryan Adams skipped a big wedding in favor of a trip to the Chatham County Probate Court in Georgia on one of the rocker's days off from his tour in March 2009.
Kate Winslet's parents weren't even on hand for her December 2012 wedding to Ned Rocknroll, which took place in a super-secret New York ceremony. Who was there? Winslet's kids ... and Leonardo DiCaprio, who reportedly gave her away.
When Mark Zuckerberg wed Priscilla Chan on May 19, 2012, at their Palo Alto, Calif., home, guests thought they were coming to Chan's graduation party.
Zoe Saldana and husband Marco Perego aren't shy about their romance now, especially since they're expecting twins. However, that wasn't always the case: When news broke that Saldana and Perego had tied the knot in June 2013, many didn't even know the couple were dating!
Stacy Keibler wed Jared Pobre in a secret ceremony in March 2014.
Savannah Guthrie's March 2014 wedding to Michael Feldman was kept under wraps until the "Today" anchor broke the news that Monday: Not only had she tied the knot, she was also four months pregnant.
Mike Myers, "The Love Guru" himself, was married to Kelly Tisdale for five months before the public found out in March 2011.
Kerry Washington keeps her relationship under such tight wraps that this is one of the only public photos of the "Scandal" star and football player Nnamdi Asomugha. As a result, when Washington and Asomugha tied the knot on June 24, 2013, in Hailey, Idaho, it was a bigger shock than anything Olivia Pope's done onscreen yet.
In a "mission" worthy of Bond himself, actors Daniel Craig and Rachel Weisz wed in 2011 in front of four people: his 18-year-old daughter, her 4-year-old son, and two friends.
"Think Like a Man" star Michael Ealy married girlfriend Khatira Rafiqzada in October 2012 — and no one had a clue about it until December of that year.
Twitter.com/MichaelEaly
After an on-again, off-again courtship and engagement, Megan Fox and Brian Austin Green quietly married in Hawaii on June 24, 2010.
Miranda Kerr and Orlando Bloom dodged engagement rumors for most of their courtship. They announced their actual engagement in June 2010, then married in secret a month later. Sadly, the gorgeous pair split in October 2013.
Hugh Dancy and Claire Danes announced their engagement in February 2009. The pair quietly wed in September of that year.
Leighton Meester and Adam Brody never even confirmed their couplehood, so it's not surprising that when they got hitched in February 2014, it was a hush-hush affair.
Rosie O'Donnell and Michelle Rounds announced their engagement in December 2011. They legally wed on June 9, 2012, during a private New York ceremony. O'Donnell filed for divorce in February.
Chris Pratt and Anna Faris were rumored to have gotten married in Hawaii in summer 2009. Shortly after that rumor surfaced, the couple confirmed they'd indeed tied the knot on July 9, 2009 — but in Bali, Indonesia.
Julia Roberts kept her wedding to Danny Moder as low-key as the rest of their relationship. They clandestinely tied the knot on July 4, 2002, at her Taos, New Mexico, ranch.
Alicia Keys and Swizz Beatz's wedding was kept on the down-low, but that doesn't mean it was low-key. Dr. Deepak Chopra officiated the ceremony in the Mediterranean in July 2010.
Penelope Cruz and Javier Bardem secretly married in early July 2010. They managed to keep it a secret from the press for two weeks — no small feat for two Oscar winners.
Craig Ferguson married his longtime girlfriend, Megan Wallace-Cunningham, on Dec. 21, 2008. No one knew until the funnyman announced on "The Late Late Show" on Jan. 6, 2009, that he was "no longer allowed to flirt with guests."
Britney Spears and Kevin Federline's September 2004 wedding was even a shock to their guests, who thought they were attending an engagement party. The duet ended three years later.
The Mirror reported that Tom Hardy secretly married longtime girlfriend Charlotte Riley in July, but reps have yet to confirm or deny the rumor.
After meeting on the set of "Green Lantern" in 2010, Blake Lively and Ryan Reynolds began dating in 2011. They surprised fans on Sept. 9, 2012, when they tied the knot in Charleston, S.C. — and to this day, photos of the beautiful bride and groom on their big day have yet to be seen.
Blake Lively wasn't Ryan Reynolds' first wedding rodeo. When he wed Scarlett Johansson in 2008, the couple sent only 40 invitations — by text messages — and held the ceremony at the Clayoquot Wilderness Resort on Vancouver Island, Canada, which is only accessible by seaplane. The couple divorced in 2011.
In June 2010, New Mexico's then-Gov. Bill Richardson officiated Harrison Ford and Calista Flockhart's super-private wedding in his home, accompanied by New Mexico Supreme Court Justice Charles Daniels. Why? Richardson's not ordained.
Natalie Portman and Benjamin Millepied never made an official announcement of their marriage or wedding plans. Instead, they showed up to the Oscars on Feb. 26, 2012, wearing wedding bands and let their hands do the talking.
LeAnn Rimes and Eddie Cibrian enjoy publicizing their lives, but they kept their 2011 wedding private, even to their own guests. Friends and family who attended thought they were coming to an engagement party!
Mariah Carey and Nick Cannon married in April 2008, keeping the details of their Bahama nuptials secret from the press for weeks. The couple separated in August.
In July 2014, mere months after her broken engagement to Big Sean, Naya Rivera married longtime pal Ryan Dorsey in a secret Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, ceremony.
Instagram.com/nayarivera
Brooke Shields and Chris Henchy shocked guests who thought they were attending a dinner party with their wedding in April 2001.
Matthew Broderick and Sarah Jessica Parker invited pals to a party on May 19, 1997, where Broderick wore an off-the-rack black suit and Parker donned the first black dress she found. To the surprise of their guests (and the press), it was the longtime couple's wedding!
"Mad Men" star Vincent Kartheiser wed Alexis Bledel in early summer 2014, but the world didn't find out about it until August.
When Tom Brady wed Gisele Bundchen in February 2009, guests thought they were going to a christening. It was so private that no photos surfaced until Gisele posted one to Instagram on their five-year anniversary.
Jennifer Garner and Ben Affleck fled prying eyes and paparazzi flashes when they tied the knot in Turks and Caicos, on June 29, 2005. The couple's reception was in a private villa owned by none other than Bruce Willis.
When Jesse James and Sandra Bullock wed on July 16, 2005, all the guests thought they were invited to a barbecue. Only Bullock's father and sister were in on the secret ahead of time. The couple later split in April 2010 when it was revealed James was cheating with Michelle "Bombshell" McGee.
'Lethal Weapon' actress Mary Ellen Trainor dies at 62
Lucasfilm President Kathleen Kennedy confirmed on Monday that "The Goonies"...
Filed under anthony mackie	, celebrity weddings	, 6/8/15


text:
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      t.references :promotion, foreign_key: true, null: false
      t.integer :amount, null: false
      t.string :delivery_address, limit: 32, null: false

      t.timestamps
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text:
Take action now and join the movement to empower communities and change lives across Charlotte-Mecklenburg.
Young Professionals Auxiliary
Empowerment Fund
The Urban League Fights For You!
Our programs are designed to provide economic empowerment and educational opportunities for those in need of help.
CareerBridge Workforce Training Programs
General Equivalency Diploma (GED)
ULCC Job Board
Our events are unique opportunities for you to experience the Urban League and see, in part, what it truly means to be involved with the organization.
Program & Event Calendar
Your contribution makes a critical difference towards the work we do. We need your help to continue to empower the community through education, training and placement.
ULCC Partners in the Movement
Support ULCC. Support The Movement!
Getting to Equal
The Urban League of Central Carolinas is a multi-service, non-profit Agency that promotes financial stability and racial inclusion in our community.
Agency History
Meet the President & CEO
» Home › Get Involved › The Urban League Fights For You!
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the National Urban League launched a national public messaging and advocacy campaign, The Urban League Fights For You. The Urban League of Central Carolinas (ULCC) has adopted this campaign to Inform, Educate, and Influence our partners, and the communities we serve, to protect themselves and take action in the COVID-19 recovery efforts.
Coronavirus 101
What it is, how it spreads, and how to keep you and your family safe
The coronavirus pandemic has gripped our nation and most of the world, claimed thousands of lives, and disrupted the flow of everyday life.
There are hundreds of coronaviruses out there, most of which are found among animals but can jump to humans. The current outbreak is due specifically to the novel (new) coronavirus, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19.
COVID-19 spreads person-to-person when respiratory droplets from an infected person's uncovered cough or sneeze enter your mouth or nose.
COVID-19 is characterized by 3 key symptoms: fever, cough, and shortness of breath. It may take 2-14 days for these symptoms to appear after exposure to the virus.
Because there is no vaccine for COVID-19, the best prevention method is to avoid exposure to the virus. That includes washing and sanitizing your hands often; disinfecting your cell phone and other commonly touched items and hard surfaces; refraining from touching your face; and physical distancing or keeping at least 6 feet away from others.
Protect others by staying home if you feel sick; covering coughs and sneezes; wearing a facemask when around other people or out in public spaces.
Certain people are at high-risk for severe illness, including older adults aged 65 and up and people with a compromised immune system or underlying health conditions like diabetes, asthma, heart disease, lung disease, etc.
However, that does not mean young people are immune ‐ data has shown that more and more people between the ages of 18-49 account for COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations. Additionally, asymptomatic young people can also unknowingly transmit the virus to an elderly relative.
Health care workers, grocery store clerks, cleaning and sanitation crews, and similar service industry workers are more likely to be exposed to the virus because they are essential employees who must continue to render services.
CALL TO ACTION: Take physical distancing seriously (stay home if possible and venture out for essential reasons like grocery shopping or exercise). Maintain good hygiene and disinfecting practices.
CALL TO ACTION: If you think you have been exposed to COVID-19 and develop a fever and symptoms such as a cough or difficulty breathing, call your healthcare provider for medical advice. Visit your state or county health department website for information on where to get tested in your community.
CALL TO ACTION: You can help others and show acts of kindness even if you are quarantined or social distancing at home. Here are some ways to give back:
Write/send a card to the elderly at your local nursing home
Donate to businesses that are helping out with this crisis (food banks, restaurants, etc.)
Order groceries online for vulnerable relatives or neighbors
Send food delivery to hospital staff or any first responder
Send care packages to families with children in homeless shelters
Use social media and online tools to read a books to kids
2020 Census – Act Now!
The spread of the coronavirus may have changed our lives for the short-term, but the impact of the 2020 Census will change our lives for the next 10 years
Many of our households have already received the Census, and 5 million have already filled it out
It is available by mail, and online, fill it out today. For those in need of assistance, we will fight to ensure that every person in every home, nursing care facility, college dorm, and prison cell is counted.
In response to civil rights leaders' urging, the Census Bureau has extended the response deadline to October 31, 2020.
CALL TO ACTION: Take 10 minutes to fill out your Census today by going online at my2020census.gov or by mail!
CALL TO ACTION: Visit makeblackcount.org to learn more ways to get counted that don't involve in-person meetings.
Download this info here.
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Box office update: 'The Hobbit' walks away with $37.5 million on Friday
By Grady Smith Updated December 15, 2012 at 06:06 PM EST
UNEXPECTED JOURNEY
Show MoreAbout The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey
We already knew that The Hobbit earned a whopping $13.0 million during midnight showings, but over the course of its first full day in theaters the film took in an estimated $37.5 million, the highest gross ever for a December opening day.
The next best December bow was also of the Middle-earth variety — Lord of the Rings: Return of the King grossed $34.5 million on its opening day, a Wednesday, in 2003. Notably, The Hobbit sold fewer tickets on its opening day than Return of the King, but its gross was higher because of ticket price inflation and 3-D/IMAX surcharges. Still, huge is huge — and The Hobbit is headed for a mammoth debut.
The film should finish somewhere between $90 million (if it plays like a front-loaded fanboy flick, whose appeal doesn't extend beyond the Tolkien faithful) and $110 million (if it can attract families on Saturday and Sunday). Either way, The Hobbit is set to replace I Am Legend's $77.2 million debut as the best December opening ever.
The rest of the chart was made up of holdovers. Lincoln and Skyfall both grossed $1.9 million on Friday and should finish just under $7 million during the Friday-to-Sunday period. Rise of the Guardians and The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 each found an additional $1.5 million. Rise may gross about $6 million, while Twilight is eyeing a weekend closer to $5 million.
1. The Hobbit – $37.5 million
2. Lincoln – $1.9 million
3. Skyfall – $1.9 million
4. Rise of the Guardians – $1.5 million
5. The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 – $1.5 million
Where do you think The Hobbit will finish the weekend? Check back tomorrow for the full box office report.
For more box office musing:
Follow @EWGradySmith
RELATED Box office preview: 'The Hobbit' will make a very expected journey to No. 1