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Home›5G›5G standards process: ITU and 3GPP lay groundwork
5GFundamentalsInternet of Things (IoT)
5G standards process: ITU and 3GPP lay groundwork
Phillip Tracy 2016-07-19
Phillip Tracy • July 19, 2016 •	725
5G: The next generation of mobile
The goal is for next generation mobile standards related to "5G" technology to be ready by 2020. That's the deadline for when the International Telecommunications Union is expected to set standards many claim will enable a seamlessly connected society, one where every "thing" is part of a larger system of internet-enabled devices. The impending standards are expected to help realize what is, to many, only a vague phrase with unlimited possibility: the "internet of things." Variations of this technology will use physical sensors and actuators to create a worldwide spiderweb of information being sent to the ever-growing cloud whose shade continues to expand.
The new set of standards are expected to take mobile data speeds to new limits, improving even past what the impressive LTE standard brought us in late 2008. Perhaps even more importantly, the new standard will allow for an increase in network efficiency by providing better network performance at lower costs.
But before all of that can happen, before the headache is taken out of 4K video streaming and machines quietly engage in constant conversation with each other, a set of requirements must be set. Dozens of organizations around the world have been formed to help establish research requirements and set the way for the creation of the next generation of mobile.
Here are two of the biggest organizations expected to help write 5G standards.
International Telecommunications Union
"IMT for 2020 and beyond" is the phrase organizations are getting behind to help provide a schedule for the 5G standardization process. The term, International Mobile Telecommunications, was used with the release of 4G standards (IMT-Advanced). It's an initiative created and spearheaded by the ITU for the 2020 development deadline of what will be marketed as 5G.
What this means for the dozens of organizations engaged in testing standards is that 2020 is the deadline to submit suggestions.
From the perspective of IMT 2020, the key constraints are given by the following two submission deadlines:
Initial technology submission by ITU-R WP5D meeting No. 32, June 2019.
Detailed specification submission by ITU-R WP5D meeting No. 36, October 2020.
ITU-R, ITU's radio-communication sector & Working Party 5D, expect to work with administrations, network operators, equipment manufacturers, and national and regional standardization organizations to include today's 5G research and development activities in the IMT-2020 global standard for mobile broadband communications.
The ITU-R Working Party 5D, charged with developing future standards for 5G, met in February 2016 in Beijing. One aspect of the group's task is to identify and harmonize 5G spectrum in frequency bands below 6 GHz.
"Following additional spectrum allocations for mobile during the World Radiocommunication Conference in late 2015, ITU is continuing to work in close collaboration with governments and the global mobile industry to make rapid progress in bringing the vision of IMT-2020 to fruition," said Houlin Zhao, ITU secretary general. "Future steps in 5G mobile technology are aimed at a new paradigm of connectivity among people and things in a smart, networked environment encompassing big data, applications, transport systems and urban centers."
In a paper titled "IMT Vision – Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond," ITU-R included a figure showing eight parameters considered to be key capabilities of IMT-2020:
In that same document, ITU outlined three use cases for IMT-2020, as well as applications and industries that could benefit from the new network:
Enhanced mobile broadband: Mobile broadband addresses the human-centric use cases for access to multimedia content, services and data. The demand for mobile broadband will continue to increase, leading to enhanced mobile broadband. The enhanced mobile broadband usage scenario will come with new application areas and requirements in addition to existing mobile broadband applications for improved performance and an increasingly seamless user experience. This scenario covers a range of cases, including wide-area coverage and hot spots, which have different requirements. For areas with high user density, very high capacity is needed, while the requirement for mobility is low and user data rate is higher than that of wide area coverage. For the wide area coverage case, seamless coverage and medium to high mobility are desired, with much improved user data rate compared to existing data rates.
Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications: Requirements for capabilities such as throughput, latency and availability use cases include wireless control of industrial manufacturing or production processes, remote medical surgery, distribution automation in a smart grid, transportation safety, etc.
Massive machine-type communications: Very large number of connected devices typically transmitting a relatively low volume of non-delay sensitive data. Devices are required to be low cost and have a long battery life.
3rd Generation Partnership Project
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project is a collective of seven global telecommunications standards organizations. This collaboration has worked to create and organize the standards for a number of mobile communication systems including 2G, 3G, HSPA and LTE. They are now engaged in research and development for 5G standardization.
In March 2015, 3GPP endorsed a timeline for the standardization of 5G, which was founded around the ITU's IMT 2020 deadline.
It calls for 3GPP to submit the final specifications at the ITU-R WP5D meeting in February 2020, based on functionally frozen specs available in December 2019. The early submission is expected to allow enough time for the transposition of the specifications by the organizational partners of 3GPP prior to their own submissions into the IMT 2020 process before October 2020.
3GPP started its work on 5G in 2015, and is said to be working to push out specifications for upgrading the LTE network and forthcoming 5G in future releases. Release-15 will be the first release featuring 5G specifications with a target "new radio" scope of:
Standalone and non-standalone NR operation (with work for both starting in conjunction and running together).
Non-standalone NR in this context implies using LTE as control plane anchor. Standalone NR implies full control plane capability for NR.
Some potential architecture configuration options are shown in RP-161266for information and will be analyzed further during the study.
Target use cases: Enhanced mobile broadband, as well as low latency and high reliability to enable some ultra-reliable and low latency communications use cases.
Frequency ranges above and below 6 GHz.
In 2015, 3GPP began working on four technical reports outlining the new services and markets technology enablers, which looks at potential 5G requirements. Those reports were completed in June 2016, and each highlight four major categories 5G will touch on:
The studies will be used as input for the organization's 15th release, which is set to standardize the first phase of 5G requirements by June 2017.
In the fourth quarter of 2015, the organization approved a 5G study titled "Study on Architecture for Next Generation Systems," part of Release 14. Highlights include:
Designing a system architecture for the next-generation mobile networks.
Supporting at least the new RAT(s), the evolved LTE, non-3GPP access and minimize access dependencies.
Considering an evolution of the current architecture or a "clean slate" approach.
Considering scenarios of migration to the new architecture.
Collection, analysis and further investigation of potential security threats and requirements for the next generation systems, based on the work of 3GPP Working Groups.
Study and identify the basic structure and operation of realization of radio access network functions and to what extent it is feasible to standardize RAN NFs and interfaces.
Study and identify specification impacts of enabling the realization of network slicing.
Provide performance evaluation of the technologies identified, identify relevant RF parameters used to be used for sharing and co-existence studies and identify technical solutions that enable support for wireless relay.
What we can expect between now and 2020
According to the ITU, the medium-term (up to about the year 2020) outlook of mobile network development revolves around enhancements for IMT-2000 (3G) and IMT-Advanced (4G) in addressing user needs with technical developments. The phase is set to be dominated by the growth in traffic within the existing IMT spectrum, and the development of IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced during this time will be distinguished by incremental or evolutionary changes to the existing IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced radio interface specifications
According to 3GPP, for currently available bands, LTE is very close to reaching the technologically possible efficiency limits, "hence, it is expected that LTE will remain as the baseline technology for wide area broadband coverage also in the 5G era." 3GPP will continue working on enhancing LTE not only from the radio perspective, but also from service delivery perspective which would make it more suitable for machine to machine communication. Working with LTE will remain to be a critical factor.
The long-term outlook (beginning around the year 2020) is associated with the potential introduction of IMT-2020, which could be deployed around the year 2020 in some countries. It is thought IMT-2020 will add enhanced capabilities that may need additional frequency bands in which to operate.
Tags:3GPP5GInternet of ThingsIoTITUMobilestandards
Germany considers black boxes for autonomous vehicles
Phillip Tracy


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Q: "Permission denied" when trying to access a shared memory from a docker container even though --ipc is set to "host" I'm trying to set up a shared memory in my host computer and access it in a centos:7 docker container with the shmat function.
I've created a shared memory using ipcmk -M 1024 and wrote a C program with the ID hardcoded (for debugging purposes):
// shmtest.c
const char* shm_id = "98321";

shared_memory = shmat(atoi(shm_id), NULL, 0);

if (shared_memory == (void*)-1) {
    perror("No shared memory area");
    abort();
}

fprintf(stdout, "Shared memory found!\n");

My Dockerfile is very simple, all I do is copy the compiled program and keep the container alive so that I can inspect it with an interactive shell:
# Dockerfile
FROM centos:7
COPY ./shmtest /root/
CMD tail -f /dev/null

I build and start the container using
docker build -t shm-docker .
docker run --ipc="host" shm-docker

Inside the docker container, I run my shmtest program, but can't access the shared memory:
./shmtest
No shared memory area: Permission denied
Aborted

However, ipcs shows the shared memory:
ipcs -m | grep 98321
0x8a39b8b3 98321      1000       644        65536      0

I've tried:

*

*Starting the docker container with -v /dev/:/dev/ and -v /dev/shm/:/dev/shm/, without any luck

*Giving my program the CAP_IPC_OWNER and CAP_IPC_LOCK capability with setcap; then I couldn't run it (./shmtest: Operation not permitted)

*Switching out centos:7 in my Dockerfile with ubuntu:18.04, still didn't work, which means that this problem is not specific to centos

Unfortunately, I don't know a lot about permissions, but I've noticed that my shared memory shows the number 644 when running ipcs and various other ones show 600. I've also tried accessing those and I still get the same error.
What am I missing here? Is my idea even valid or is it not possible to access the shared memory this way?

A: The permissions 644 of the shared memory allow its owner to read and write (first 6) but only gives read access to everyone else (last 4).
The root user in the docker container isn't the owner of the shared memory, so he doesn't have permission to write to the shared memory.
If you have access to the tool which creates the shared memory, you could change the permissions to something like 606, which means read and write access to the owner and everyone else, too. For example, the ipcmk command has a -p option, so you would run ipcmk -M 1024 -p 0606.
If you can't change how the shared memory is created, this can be solved by either adding the --privileged flag or, more precisely, the --cap-add=IPC_OWNER flag to the docker run command. From the docker run reference:

When the operator executes docker run --privileged, Docker will enable access to all devices on the host as well as set some configuration in AppArmor or SELinux to allow the container nearly all the same access to the host as processes running outside containers on the host.

In addition to --privileged, the operator can have fine grain control over the capabilities using --cap-add and --cap-drop.

And regarding the IPC_OWNER capability:

IPC_OWNER - Bypass permission checks for operations on System V IPC objects.

The full command is now either
docker run --ipc="host" --privileged shm-docker

or
docker run --ipc="host" --cap-add=IPC_OWNER shm-docker

A good tool to understand permissions is the Chmod Calculator, which is an interactive tool to see how permissions are encoded in octal digits and characters, too.

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I'm devoted to the arts and creative expression. When I'm not working on my own pages and books, I'm helping other creatives hone their skills, from establishing practices that will allow them to focus on their creative work, to how to more effectively market themselves.
Over the years, I've also developed a deeper relationship with many editors. It has become more of a conversation (rather than a sales pitch). As the author of more than 70 essays featuring artists and their creative processes, I've learned from these editors that they wish artists would improve the way they present themselves through writing.
The problem is that many of the artist statements and essays in print use what is called "artspeak," and not all editors, gallery owners, and collectors like it; in fact, they often privately tell me they'd like to do away with it. What is artspeak? It's a way of talking about art without saying anything significant. Many artists make the mistake of using their artist statement to analyze their work and interpret it for the viewer. There's a BIG difference between what you think about your work, and how you see the world.
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Send a note expressing your interest in the Artist Statement and Web Writing Package.
I grew up in a fishing village in Maine, along a narrow road that lead to a granite causeway stretching into the ocean. At the end of this causeway, Clark Island awaited. I spent hours of my solitary childhood roaming the shores on either side of this island and the mainland, amassing a visual vocabulary of images that informs my work today: the undulating waves of the ocean, seafoam washed against rocky outcroppings, tidal patterns across the sand, and especially the distant horizon.
The spark for almost every textile I create stems from questions pertinent to my connection with the flux between land and sea. How do we discover direction in life amidst an environment subject to constant change? If I navigate using a shifting internal compass, where does a sense of purpose originate? If "home" is both a feeling and a place, dominated by ever-shifting tides, how do I position myself in the world: as an onlooker perched safely ashore, or as an agent of change that moves fluidly? Questions of impermanence and purpose are part of the human predicament, and I balance this uncertainty by beginning each weaving project from a place of experiential understanding. Like sailing for the distant horizon, it's never possible to actually arrive.
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I love to present to creatives on the importance and how-to of telling a clear and compelling story. Via Skype or live, I'd love to visit your classroom or arts organization.


text:
Q: Error Executing Macro I am trying to setup a Macro that calls out to SQL to execute a store procedure but keep getting is message when I run it. I can execute the Store procedure via a SQL query in SSMS. Any thoughts?
Error:
'Application uses a value of the wrong type for the current operation.' At Line 22 Position 0
Code
Const adParamInput = &H0001
Const adVarChar = 200
Dim strServerName
Dim strDatabase
Dim strUserName
Dim strPassword

strServerName="5.5.5.5"
strDatabase="MYDB"
strUserName="DBUSER"
strPassword="DBPASS"
strcnn="Driver={SQL Server};Server=" & strServerName & ";Database=" & strDatabase & ";Uid=" & strUsername & ";Pwd=" & strPassword & ";"
Set Conn = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
conn.open strcnn
Set Cmd = CreateObject("ADODB.Command")
Cmd.ActiveConnection = conn
' Set up the parameter for our Stored Procedure *** watch the line wrap ***
Cmd.Parameters.Append Cmd.CreateParameter("I_PartID", adVarChar, adParamInput , 30, "E N T E R    Y O U R    P A R T    I D")
Cmd.CommandText = "SP_UpdateUDF"
Cmd.Execute

A: You are creating a parameter of type adVarchar with a length of 30, but passes a string with length 38. The error message is a little bit misleading, in fact it complains about the length.
If your Proc expect a maximum of 30 characters, shorten your string. Else you can fix your issue with
Const pVal = "E N T E R    Y O U R    P A R T    I D"
cmd.Parameters.Append cmd.CreateParameter("I_PartID", adVarChar, adParamInput, Len(pVal), pVal)


If you don't have a big bank account, you might think that luxury is unattainable. Fortunately for you, that's anything but true. With innovation and the right décor, you can create luxury living without luxury spending. We've done some of the legwork for you so that you can enjoy the finer things in life without worrying about their final costs.
When you think of a luxury apartment, you likely imagine a well-lit home devoid of dark corners and shadows. While it would be nice to have a centerpiece like a huge chandelier, there are other ways to shine the light. For instance, make sure that your side tables have side lamps that fit your décor, be it vintage or modern. The lamps around your house don't have to match, as a unique, collected-over-time look is often desirable with luxury décor.
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A small 8×10 painting can feel awfully lonely by itself on the wall. Alternatively, a bunch of small paintings often conflict with one another and look cluttered. You can give found art or custom prints an upscale look by choosing larger art and then selecting a sizeable frame for it, such as 16×20. To save even more money, if you're artistically inclined, you can create your own art.
If you can paint your apartment, take advantage of it. You can create a dramatic space by using a deep darks and bright whites paint scheme. This can also apply to decorating with neutral colors, like large, neutral colored furniture accented by bright or dark throw pillows.
Just like that luxurious candle, the smell of fresh flowers can make us feel extremely rich. Even if you don't have a knack for growing flowers, you can go green with beautiful palm plants or a few rubber plants. These plants are great for apartment living because they don't need as much attention as many other green alternatives.
A little planning can go a long way, even on a budget. A centrally located area rug can be placed within an entryway or in a seating area to add depth. Decorative and posh pillows can also give character to any sofa or chair.
If you've seen a luxury apartment, you've also noticed the lack of papers, junk, or other clutter strewed about. Every item should have its designated place to maintain a clean apartment and a clear mind.
Next articleHow to Organize Your Kitchen?


Show Description: Republicans and Democrats come together to pass the Minibus spending bill, breaking yet more promises made to the American people. Brett Kavanaugh is confirmed to the Supreme Court amidst increasing division and violent rhetoric from the left. Also, does due process even matter anymore? Why is it important? Blake explains. Listen to The Blake Johnson Program every Monday evening at 9 p.m. Eastern on lanterns.buzz. Also listen on demand via Lanterns Radio Network on Spreaker, iTunes, iHeart radio, and Soundcloud. Follow Blake on Twitter @realblakeradio.


text:
The 1938 Lincoln County Courthouse is an Art Moderne style building in Pioche, Nevada.  The 1938 courthouse replaced the so-called "million-dollar courthouse" built in 1871, whose last payment on the approximately $800,000 it cost was coincidentally made in 1938.

In 1937, Lincoln County began to receive the proceeds of a major boom in lead and zinc mining that ran through the 1950s and provided a major portion of the county's tax revenues. As the old county courthouse deteriorated, sentiment grew to replace it, resulting in a 1937 bond issue. At the same time the county received a grant of $26,800 from the Public Works Administration toward 45% of the cost of a new courthouse. The PWA money carried conditions, one of which was a close review of the design. A modern look was preferred, to the point that a simplified Art Deco-Art Moderne style became known as PWA Moderne. The new courthouse was designed by Las Vegas architect A.L. Worswick in this taste.

After an initial bidding process in which all bids were above the $60,000 budget, a second bid in 1938 produced a low bid of $49,347. The bidder, L.F. Dow of Los Angeles and Las Vegas, completed the courthouse in 1939. The building has served as the county courthouse, jail, county sheriff's office, and state office building ever since. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

References

External links

Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Nevada
Government buildings completed in 1938
County courthouses in Nevada
Buildings and structures in Lincoln County, Nevada
Streamline Moderne architecture in Nevada
Historic American Buildings Survey in Nevada
PWA Moderne architecture
National Register of Historic Places in Lincoln County, Nevada
Lincoln County Courthouse

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As reported by Vietnam-visa.com, the #1 Vietnam visa on arrival service provider, all travelers holding UK, Spain, Italy, France and German are continually entitiled to 15-day Vietnam visa exemption until June 30, 2018. This decision has officially announced by representative of the Vietnamese Government. It is really a great news for those citizens, especially who are planning to visit Vietnam in the coming time.


text:
Codebreaker
Internet providers agree to rule which, if implemented in major league baseball, would lead to dramatically more offense: six strikes!
John Moe Jul 8, 2011
https://www.marketplace.org/2011/07/08/internet-providers-agree-rule-which-if-implemented-major-league-baseball-would-lead-dramatically/
Big ISPs like AT&T, Verizon, Comcast, Cablevision, and Time Warner Cable have agreed on a set of policies to crack down on copyright infringers. It doesn't involve any scanning on the part of the networks themselves. What would happen is that a copyright holder would scan the IP addresses online of people grabbing, say, a pirated movie. The copyright holder would then alert the ISP associated with that address and the ISP has now agreed to alert the user that he or she is doing something wrong. But even after six warnings, it's not clear what actually happens. It's kind of a "stop or I'll tell you to stop again" kind of system. It's likely much more toothless than what Hollywood or the recording industry would like but it's the ISPs way of washing their hands of a lot of the issues related to piracy.
The marriage of AT&T and Time Warner is good to go, apparently.
FCC chairman sets out to repeal 'net neutrality' rules
What tech companies are saying about the repeal of net neutrality rules
Why net neutrality rules are in danger
Federal judge approves AT&T-Time Warner merger
Will 2018 be the year of less tech, not more?

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GO AHEAD, SWIPE THIS MUSIC!
Alessia Sannazzaro's life as an entrepreneur and co-founder of a successful, award-winning tech startup began almost as a lark among friends in their spare time.
"After graduating from university I freelanced in graphic design with no plans whatsoever to start my own business," says the 25-year-old, who received her baccalaureate from the European School Munich and then earned a master's degree in engineering, design and innovation from Queen Mary and Goldsmiths College, University of London, in 2012.
The UK's Alessia Sannazzaro co-founded the innovative Choosic music app. She thrives on endeavors that stimulate creativity and passion in herself and others.
When she wasn't freelancing Alessia joined Chris Underdown, a musician and composer she knew from student days, along with some other friends in pursuing his idea of recording and releasing live videos of new musical artists on YouTube. So they launched a channel and quickly gained a following.
"We had very positive feedback and decided this could be so much more than just a fun project, but first we found a problem we wanted to solve," recalls Alessia.
Choosic is available for Android (above) and iOS.
Built on an algorithm and curated content from more than 600 tastemakers and music blogs, Choosic offers an intuitive Tinder-style interface to choose one song at a time instead of scanning a list. You begin by selecting a minimum of three musical genres from which it provides recommendations. Over time the software learns your tastes to make more personalized suggestions. Swipe left to skip, swipe right to keep for fast, fun playlist building.
Choosic is designed to connect emerging music with appreciative listeners.
Although the app recommends a mix of established and emerging artists, its focus remains on finding fresh, trending music to help promote a discovery for the listener and deliver an artist's music to those who'll appreciate it.
A lack of any real business experience didn't deter Alessia — who says she's "a doer, not a talker" — from the daunting task of founding the startup with Chris. As one of four on the Choosic team, she serves as project manager as well as oversees the operations side of the company, including legal, financial and accounting.
One thing she did know from her previous freelancing experience was the value of GoDaddy's web products and services as tools to benefit the business.
Plus GoDaddy's 24/7 customer support frees Alessia up to pay more attention to the other aspects of running the company.
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Choosic won the 2014 London Entrepreneurs' Challenge.
The company garnered a finalist spot in the Lloyds Bank National Business Awards for the Duke of York Entrepreneur of the Year Award.
Choosic was shortlisted in the UK's largest small business competition, The Pitch.
The company recently embarked on a partnership with Bosch Global.
"We're looking for funding to take us to the next level, which is why opportunities to participate in such competitions as The Pitch and others are so important to us as it gets us heard and increases awareness of our brand," Alessia says.
And that growth is music to the fledgling entrepreneur's ears.


There are over 2 million breast cancer survivors in the United States today. Due to the ramifications of treatment, exercise is a modality that can be used to facilitate recovery. Numerous studies have demonstrated that exercise can improve quality of life, reduce side effects of treatment, and improve strength and endurance. This course will help health-fitness professionals understand diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing care for cancer patients and survivors. Important guidelines and information are provided for safe and effective exercise through course and multimedia content. Embrace this client base with practical exercise options to improve recovery and function.
Note 1. This course is approved for Continuing Education credit by AFAA and NASM as part of the Specialist Certificate Program. To receive CE credit from these organizations, you must complete the entire Specialist Certificate Program.
Discuss breast cancer and research about exercise and breast cancer.
List and describe the 4 stages of breast cancer.
Identify the anatomical structures involved with breast cancer including the breast, 6 muscles, the neurological system, and the lymphatic system.
Describe breast cancer treatments including 10 local treatments and 4 systemic treatments.
Identify 7 breast cancer post surgical implications.
Identify the stages and discuss the symptoms, risk, and treatment of lymphedema.
Identify the implications, benefits, exercise goals, and daily living recommendations for breast cancer clients with lymphedema for both land and water exercise.
Recognize 9 goals for exercise program design for clients with breast cancer.
Describe the role of client information, physician consent, client referral, and 5 fitness assessments for breast cancer clients in the fitness assessment process.
Recognize 7 aspects of exercise guidelines for the breast cancer client.
Describe basic recommendations for exercise, equipment use, and 16 helpful hints for exercise programs for breast cancer clients.
Explain how to safely and effectively perform 4 level 1, 9 level 2, 9 lymphedema exercises and a sample program for land exercise for clients with breast cancer.
Explain how to safely and effectively perform 2 warm up exercises, 6 warm up stretches, 13 range of motion exercises, 6 aerobic conditioning exercises, 6 cool down exercises and a sample program for water exercises for breast cancer clients.
Identify 6 tips for marketing a breast cancer exercise program.


text:
Q: Unable to connect Db2 using protractor While trying to connect to a remote DB2 database I am getting following exception

SQL30081N A communication error has been detected.

Communication protocol being used 'TCP/IP'. Communication API being used 'SOCKETS'. Location where error was detected "192.168.1.200'.
    Communication function detecting the error 'SelectForConnectTimeout'.
    Protocol specific error code '0','',''. SQLSTATE=08001

i am using following connection string
let conn= await ibmdb.open("Driver={IBM DB2 ODBC DRIVER - DB2V11};DATABASE=DBInstance;UID=username;PWD=password;HOSTNAME=hostname;port=446;");
result = await conn.query(sql_Query);

A: According to the Db2 manual below, it is typically outside the Db2 software:
Protocol-specific error codes for the SQL30081N message
https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSEPGG_11.5.0/com.ibm.db2.luw.messages.doc/doc/r0052008.html

The cause of the SQL30081N message is typically outside the Db2 software and actual error codes are protocol-specific.

And the message tells that the issue was detected at "192.168.1.200".
Generally speaking, the IP address "192.168.1.200" may be a virtual IP which can be assigned to other devices.  So it is suggested to try a real IP address instead to see if the problem persists or not.
Hope this helps.


text:
Human Sexuality and Gender/Contraception and Abortion
< Human Sexuality and Gender
Previous Chapter Overview Next Chapter
1 Contraception
2 Condoms
2.1 Origins of the Condom
2.2 Condoms
2.3 The Pill
2.4 IUD
2.5 Abstinence
2.6 New Male Contraceptives
2.7 Birth Control in Cambodia and Other Low Income Areas
4 Legalization?
5 Contraceptive Failure Rates
Contraception[edit | edit source]
Condoms[edit | edit source]
Origins of the Condom[edit | edit source]
Condoms have been around for a lot longer than we think. From as early as 1000 BC, Egyptians used a linen cloth, Chinese used oil-soaked silk paper, and the Japanese even went so far as to use turtle shells and horn. The oldest condoms found were discovered in 1640 in Birmingham, England, made of fish and animal intestine. Condoms made of animal intestines were popular in England at that time, but were very expensive and often reused. The mass production of latex condoms began in 1844, but at the time were as thick as bicycle inner tubes and had a seam down the side. Manufacturing improved in the 1930s, making the single-use condom almost as thin and inexpensive as condoms found today.
Some people believe that condoms have disadvantages even though they provide protection from HIV/AIDS. For instance, one idea is that they may steal the passion and romance from sexual intercourse.[1] Many college students claim the reason they do not use condoms is because it is not convenient at the time of sexual arousal. Crosby et al. (2003) surveyed 260 undergraduates (118 males, 142 females) that had reported using a condom in the past 3 months for at least one sexual encounter with a partner of the opposite sex. Of these 260 undergraduates, 44% reported not using condoms because the lack of availability.[2] The findings of a different study focused on condom use by virgins from the age 16-20 suggested that if individuals do not use a condom during their first sexual experience they are more likely not use one in their future experiences.[3] A similar study from Breakwell et al., could not correlate whether or not higher expected condom use from virgin females, opposed to males, was from a fear of pregnancy rather than AIDS. This study however, showed that females did link a greater fear of AIDS, then a males risky intentions. [4]
College students do have reason to use condoms. Prevention of pregnancy and contraction of a sexually transmitted disease (STD) are both major concerns in today's society. For example, Murray, Steven, & Miller, Jessica (2000) examined the usage of effective birth control and STD prevention practiced by 105 undergraduate students (45 men; 60 women) both before and after an introductory health course. The results of the study found that more students were concerned with preventing pregnancy than the spread of STDs.[5]
The Pill[edit | edit source]
Oral contraception is the most reversible and effective method of contraption available. It is known universally and heavily used among Canadian women. This is commonly known as "The Pill". In the 1998 Canadian Contraception Study asked women that were familiar with oral contraceptives to rate on a 1-4 scale their opinion of the pill. One being very unfavorable and 4 meaning very favorable. They concentrated on what was the women's opinion of the pill and if it has changed in the past year. The very favorable opinion was found throughout all educational groups ranging from 64% to 66%. All regions of Canada ranged from 62% to 67%. Current pill users who expressed a very favorable opinion were 84%. During this study 80% of the participants said that their opinion has not changed over the past year. For the ones who said that their view of the pill had changed to less favorable said that it was because of the pill's side effects. [6]
IUD[edit | edit source]
The fairly recent birth control method of the Intrauterine Device is very effective, with only .01-.08% women who use it becoming pregnant within the first year. The TCu-380A is the copper version, and boasts a failure rate of 3 to 8 out of 1,000 users. The LNG-IUD which releases hormones, is more effective with only 1 to 3 out of 1,000 users experiencing a failure. It can be used from 5 to 12 years, depending on the condition of the woman and the type chosen. This makes it more economically efficient, because the user only pays for it once, rather than once a month or several times a month with other methods. Along with the obvious monetary benefits and the convenience, it is easily reversible. Possible drawbacks include heavy menstrual bleeding and hormonal symptoms similar to the pill: breast tenderness, acne, etc. [7]
Abstinence[edit | edit source]
When we hear the word contraception we normally think of Withdrawal, Barrier Methods, Hormonal Methods, and Spermicide Methods. The contraceptive that is the most widely known of but most often not used is abstinence. We all know what abstinence is, or do we? [8]Planes et al (2009) surveyed seven-hundred and fifty college students (92% under age 26, 67.6% women) from Spain and compared them to surveys done by college students in Anglo-Saxon countries. Results showed that both groups of college students made similar errors in defining the word "abstinence". Most students define abstinence as not having sex but also said oral sex was abstinent behavior. The true meaning of abstinence has been somewhat betrayed by all people, not only by college students. Abstinence is the best possible to way to prevent pregnancy and/or transmission of STD's or AIDS. Although the theoretical failure rate of abstinence is exceptionally low, the typical use failure rate is extremely high because it only takes one time to fail at abstinence. Whereas with a condom or birth control you have a high percentage of it not failing each time you use them. The main issue that people have with abstinence is most of the time when you use abstinence as your "Plan A" contraceptive and you get into a situation, for example a party, you are not normally in the best mind frame, therefore making abstinence effortless to fail at.
New Male Contraceptives[edit | edit source]
Today, as there are many different types of female contraceptives, there are only few male contraceptives such as condoms or having a vasectomy. But in a research study by Thakur et al. (2010) examines several studies and trials being conducted to develop a wider range of male contraceptives. For example, Adjudin is a new prospective drug for male contraception which came from the existing drug Lonidamine which is an anti cancer medication that was also found to have contraceptive effects in clinical studies in the 1980s. Unfortunately this drug was later abandoned when it was discovered that high doses were potentially linked to kidney damage. As a result, reseachers in New York's Population Council discovered several nontoxic components to Loniamaine including AF-2364 or Adjudin which is moving into clinical trials. [9]
Another new type of male contraception America could be seeing soon is male birth control pills. Men will have at their arsenal the same things women use for their birth control usage; oral pills, patches, injections, and even implants. The male birth control would supply doses of testosterone and effectively stop the sperm from reaching the egg. None of these options have been approved yet, as most men are worried of side effects. However, scientists proclaim the drugs will be safe and expect them to be on the market in the next three to five years. Schieszer, John. "Male Birth Control soon a reality." msnbc. MSNBC, 01.10.2010. Web. 1 May 2011. <http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3543478/>.
Birth Control in Cambodia and Other Low Income Areas[edit | edit source]
When looking at the cultural perspectives regarding conception and birth control used by women in a Cambodian refugee camp, the amount of times the women got pregnant depended on how much education they received. For example, Journal of Community Health Nursing (1988), showed that Cambodian women in refugee camps that had 1-11 years of education had only 0-4 pregnancies versus women who had 0-2 years of education that had 2-13 pregnancies.[10] There are multiple forms of birth control that are able to fit the lifestyle of many women. For example Clarke et al. (1998) reviewed a study that a family planning clinic in Florida participated, surveying clients who were administered the Norplant, Depo Provo. The participants involved in the study and used this form of contraceptive were generally younger than thirty, having the ethnicity of African American, single, unemployed, having low educational levels, and had no risk factors or previous abortions.[11]
Abortion[edit | edit source]
The court case Roe v. Wade (1973), "established a national policy recognizing the right of a woman to terminate an unwanted pregnancy" (Bond and Johnson, 1982). Bond and Johnson examined the hospital abortion services after Roe v. Wade. They found that community preferences, incentives and disincentives, and organizational norms were all directly related. The findings showed that certain types of hospitals are more responsive to external considerations, making organizational norms the most important factor influencing the hospitals regulations. Roe vs. Wade created changes in the policies of the hospitals depending on the way the community, doctors and nurses, and administration viewed abortion policies. [12]
Bond R., and Johnson A. (1982) Implementing a Permissive Policy: Hospital Abortion Services after Roe v. Wade, American Journal of Political Science, 26(1), 1-24, 1982.
In Bond and Johnson, 1982 they explain that abortion is more than just a non-issue they measured the economic needs of hospitals which coincide with the Houston study (kemp et al., 1978). They believe abortion can actually help hospitals stand on their feet bringing in more money. Competition in the medical market place actually encourages abortion clinics to open, which in turn helped to change policies in hospitals.
Legalization?[edit | edit source]
There are many speculations as to why abortion should be illegal, all of them being legitimate reasons. It is generally looked down upon by societies, one reason being that people believe that it is a violation of the fourteenth amendment which states, "...nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws" (Roland 85). Some people believe this translates abortion into murder, but then there is the question of whether or not a fetus in the womb is an actual person. In the case, Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court decision was that the Constitution does not recognize a child in the womb of a mother as a "person" entitled to the protection of the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment (Roe v. Wade 156). Weighing these options, no one can come up with an entirely moral reason that abortion is right. But, whe we think of a world without legal abortions, what should we picture? Making abortion illegal "does not not increase the woman's shame about seeking an abortion." The need for abortions would not end with an abolishment of it's legality, but illegal abortions would make a comeback. According to Ricky Solinger in his abortion research novel, women who admitted to having illegal abortions reported "medical complications afterward including excessive hemorrhaging, infection, and serility." Most risk death of not just the infant, but the mother due to complications that may arise in a non-professional procedure. The major impact of abortion being illegal is that it is, "ultimately dangerous". There is no way to prove that abortion is right, but there is proof that women with unwanted pregnancies can be saved from consequences as serous as death through the legalization of safe abortion (Solinger 361).
Roland, Jon. (2000) JOURNAL OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE at 85. Intent of the Fourteenth Amendment was to Protect All Rights
Roe v. Wade 410. (1983) U.S. Supreme Court 113. 156-57
Solinger, Rickie. (1998) Abortion wars: a half century of struggle, 1950-2000. University o California Press, LA. 361
Contraceptive Failure Rates[edit | edit source]
The failure rate of contraceptive use depends on the use or absence of some sort of contraceptive and if the product is being correctly used. There are three categories to contraceptives the barrier contraceptives, hormonal contraceptives, and other methods. Failure rate for each method is the number of women who become pregnant if 100 women used the method for one year. Barrier Methods Failure Rate: Condoms- 11%, Female Condom- 21%, Diaphragm- 17%, Cervical Cap- 17% to 23%, Cervical Shield- 15%, Contraceptive Sponge- 14% to 28%, Intrauterine Device (IUD) - <1%, Spermicides- 20% to 50% Hormonal Contraceptive Failure Rates: Birth Control- 1% to 2%, Minipills (POPs)- 2%, Contraceptive Patch- 1% to 2%, Contraceptive Ring – 1% to 2%, Contraceptive Injections (Depo shot) - <1%, Hormonal Releasing IUDs- <1%, Morning After Pill- 11% to 25% Other Methods: Natural Family Planning (Rhythmic Planning)- >20%, Withdrawal- 4% to 19%, Sterilization- <1%, Abstinence- 0% [13]
↑ Breakwell, G. M., Fife-Schaw, C. C., & Clayden, K. K. (1991). Risk-Taking, Control over Partner Choice and Intended Use of Condoms by Virgins. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 1(2), 173-187. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
↑ Crosby, R. Sanders, S. Yarber, W.L. Graham, C.A. (May 2003) Condom-use errors and problems: a neglected aspect of studies assessing condom effectiveness. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 24 (4) 367-370.
↑ Murray, Steven, & Miller, Jessica. (2000). Birth control and condom usage among college students.Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport
↑ Balakrishnan, T.R., Boroditsky, R., Fisher, W., Lapierre-Adamczyk, E., & Krotki, K.K. Rowe, T.,& Sand, M. (1999). PART 4: ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG CANADIAN WOMEN: PRACTICES AND OPINIONS. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 8(3), 183. Retrieved from EBSCOhost
↑ The IUD: An Important Method with Potential. (2006). Population Reports, 33(2), 3-5. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
↑ Planes, M., Gómez, A. B., Gras, E., Sullman, M. J., Font-Mayolas, S., Cunill, M., & Aymerich, M. (2009). What is Abstinence? Definitions and Examples of Abstinence, to Prevent the Sexual Transmission of the HIV Virus, According to Spanish University Students. Behaviour Change, 26(3), 168-173. doi:10.1375/bech.26.3.168
↑ Thakur, D.S., Kumar, P. Kujur, A., Kumar, P., Kumar, R., (2010) Contribution of Male Contraception in World Population. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research. 2(7) 384-393. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
↑ Kulig, J. C. (1988). Conception and Birth Control Use: Cambodian Refugee Women's Beliefs and Practices. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 5(4), 235. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
↑ American Journal of Public Health; Aug98, Vol. 88 Issue 8, p1175-1181, 7p, 3 Charts. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
↑ Bond R., and Johnson A. (1982) Implementing a Permissive Policy: Hospital Abortion Services after Roe v. Wade, American Journal of Political Science, 26(1), 1-24, 1982.
↑ Welch, Kelly. Think Human Sexuality 2011. Boston: Pearson, 2011. Print pg 270-271.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Human_Sexuality_and_Gender/Contraception_and_Abortion&oldid=3835960"
Book:Human Sexuality and Gender


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text:
Home Travel Hitting the Trekking Trails around Pune
Hitting the Trekking Trails around Pune
By Nimisha Shirodkar
Pune is strategically placed on the western side of the Deccan Plateau and lies on the foothills of the magnificent Sahyadri ranges. These ranges, form the northern part of the Western Ghats. Well known for its rich wealth of flora,fauna and mountain tops, these ranges double up as awesome trekking locations and are known to be one among the eight best hotspots for biological diversity in the world. Trekking in the Sahyadris is both mesmerising and delightful. The mighty mountains, historic forts and pinnacles make the trek even more endearing for trekkers of all levels. These treks are not just a walk up the mountain, but a close encounter with Mother Nature and a glimpse through the history and culture of the region.
Trekking trails near Pune
Kalsubai Peak
Kalsubai peak is the highest peak of Sahyadris and located in Ahmednagar. At the peak, there is a flat land which houses the temple of the local deity, Kalsubai. Kalsubai Temple is grandly decorated with lights during Navratri with fairs being held in the adjacent ground. The deity attracts a lot of devotees as well as trekkers. There are many routes to reach the summit, however the main route begins from Bari village. The easiest way to get there is to reach Igatpuri, which is located on the Mumbai- Nashik route.
Trekking Level: Easy to Moderate
Tip: First time trekkers might experience difficulty since it is an uphill trek.
Nearest Railhead: Kasara
TRAINS TO KASARA
Take a local taxi from the railway station to Bari vilage, which is the base
Local guides will be available at Bari
Sinhagad
This trail is commonly known as the Katraj-Sinhagad trek. Most trekkers start ascent from one side of the hillock and descent from the other side. The Potato (Chilimkhada) Point is the most visited point in this trail. The point stands on a small rock at the top of a ridge. However, a visit to this point is not recommended during the monsoons, owing to the loose soil which makes the path slippery. While trekkers frequent this place, it is still not very well known and hence you have to make sure to carry all your supplies.
Trekking Level: Easy
Tip: This trail is best avoided during monsoons
Nearest Railhead: Pune
TRAINS TO PUNE
Take a bus to Sinhagad from Swargate depot, bus will stop at the foothills of Sinhagad
The Tikona Fort (or Vitandgad Fort) is a favourite route for new and old trekkers alike. The fort is located at Tikona Peth, Kamshet, which is about 60 KM away from Pune, towards Lonavala. The fort stands majestically at a height of 3500 ft and offers breathtaking landscape views all around, including the forts of Tung, Lohagad and Visapur. The trek up this fort is a treat for newbie trekkers. There are two routes to reach the fort – one is shorter and slightly difficult to climb. The other track is easier, but time consuming.
Tip: Choose among the two trekking routes, based on your level of fitness.
Nearest Railhead: Lonavala
TRAINS TO LONAVALA
Hire cabs from Lonavala to reach Kamshet.
Ask some locals about the route to Tikona Peth, which is at the base of the fort.
Raireshwar
Raireshwar Fort is a hill fort of great historical importance, as this was the place where Shivaji took his oath of Swarajya. Located at near Korel village, in Bhor taluka, it is situated 1340 M above sea level. During monsoons the entire pathway blooms up with a variety of flowers, reminding trekkers about the bounties of nature. Follow the electric poles and one cannot get lost, as these run parallel to the pathway. Food, water and accommodation are available here. Another major attraction here during the monsoons is the reverse waterfalls which should not be missed.
Tip: Monsoon season is the best time to trek on this trail.
Nearest Railhead: Wathar
TRAINS TO WATHAR
Trekkers from Mumbai can take the Pune- Bhor- Raireshwar route.
State Transport buses are available from Mumbai to Pune and Pune to Bhor
Located in Ahmednagar district, Sandhan valley is an interesting place to explore. This is a combination of a canyon and valley. Popularly known as the 'Valley of Suspense', this trek is definitely not for first timers and the faint hearted. Walking past the narrow valley with 300 ft walls on either side is definitely an experience of a lifetime. The descent and an overnight stay under the open sky with twinkling stars for company will make you speechless. The best time to visit the valley is during the winters and the early summers.
Trekking Level: Moderate to difficult
Tip: This trail is not suitable for first timers
Take a bus or private jeep from Kasara railway station to Samrad village.
Gorakhgad
Trek to the Gorakhgad Peak is not just a trek, but an experience and all the fun and magic doubles up during the monsoons. The myriad shades of green, hidden caves and spouting waterfalls are pure bliss. The trail takes you towards the twin peaks of Gorakhgad and Macchindragad. The route resembles a spiral staircase and also has caves that will take you on a journey through the history of the area, among natural beauties.
Trekking Level: Moderate
Nearest Railhead: Kalyan
TRAINS TO KALYAN
Many transport means are available from Kalyan railway station to Murbad.
From Murbad one can take a bus or opt for the tum-tums which will take you to Dehri village.
Irrespective of weather the trek is an easy or a difficult one, it is important that trekkers work on their fitness, endurance and flexibility. Treks can be better enjoyed when fitness and the joy of indulging in the goodness of nature coincide.
ALSO READ: Midnight Cycling in Mumbai, Adventure activities in Bir Billing
forts of Pune
Trekking in Pune
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May 15, 2019	/ Theatre Reviews - Archive
ENTER OPHELIA
National Gallery of Australia, April 27
It's widely thought to be the greatest play ever penned, and some consider it the pinnacle of the western canon, period. Yet despite its intellectual breadth, psychological depth and sheer length, Hamlet's only females are a queen who marries her husband's murderer with unseemly haste, and a spurned wallflower who goes bonkers.
But what if Ophelia doesn't go mad? What if the rest of Denmark is patriarchically loopy? This is the premise behind this joint production between Melbourne's Essential Theatre and Three Birds Theatre, brought to the NGA to farewell the Love & Desire Pre-Raphaelite exhibition, a key work in which was John Everett Millais' Ophelia.
Madelaine Nunn and Anna Rodway. Photos: Theresa Harrison.
The pathos, innocence and resignation in Millais' depiction of her drowning catches an essence of Shakespeare's character. By contrast the Ophelia of this play, written by Candace Miles, Madelaine Nunn and Anna Rodway, directed by John Kachoyan, and collaboratively developed with the all-female cast, could not be more different.
As improbable as it seems from the source material, the piece is principally a comedy. Denmark (which put the "fun" into "funeral") is a world unto itself, with Hamlet telling Ophelia, "I've been to not-Denmark. There's nothing but blank space for miles and miles." Nonetheless dark shadows hide behind many of the laughs, as we see the Hamlet milieu from Ophelia's perspective. She is bullied by her father, her brother, Hamlet and the aggressive, possessive Gertrude, whose relationship with Ophelia is portrayed as a chess game, and who comes to describe her son's girlfriend as "a button hanging from a loose thread".
The superb Alex Aldrich makes Gertrude compelling and confronting, while still slotting her into the production's bizarre, dreamlike humour. Anna Rodway is the put-upon Ophelia who refuses to be driven mad by the twisting machinations that surround her, Madelaine Nunn the manipulative Hamlet, Candace Miles the domineering Laertes and Sophie Lampel the irascible Polonious.
The striking, heightened, sharply choreographed performances are reminiscent of Steven Berkoff's dazzling production of Wilde's Salome, with unison delivery of many lines, and the sculpted angles of limbs and heads communicating as much the words. The design team of Steve Hendy (lighting), Laura Hawkins (set and costumes) and especially Russell Goldsmith (sound and music) amplify the surreal vision at every step. It's not perfect, and in less than an hour it's over, but Ophelia will never be quite the same again.
CategoriesTheatre Reviews - Archive


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text:
Associate Professor Ralph Sutherland
E: Ralph.Sutherland@anu.edu.au
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Dopita, M, Nicholls, D, Sutherland, R et al 2016, 'The discovery of Raman scattering in H II regions', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 824, no. 1, pp. 6pp.
Scharwachter, J, Dopita, M, Kewley, L et al 2016, 'The WiFeS S7 AGN survey: Current status and recent results on NGC 6300', Conference on Universe of Digital Sky Surveys, 2014, ed. Longo G.Paolillo M.N, Springer International Publishing Switzerland, Switzerland, pp. 263-267.
Nawaz, M, Bicknell, G, Wagner, A et al 2016, 'Jet-intracluster medium interaction in hydra A - II. The effect of jet precession', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 458, no. 1, pp. 802-815.
White, M, Bicknell, G, Sutherland, R et al 2016, 'Turbulent mixing layers in supersonic protostellar outflows, with application to DG Tauri', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 455, no. 2, pp. 2042-2057.
Worth, R, Dopita, M, Kewley, L et al 2016, 'THE ROLE OF RADIATION PRESSURE IN THE NARROW LINE REGIONS OF SEYFERT HOST GALAXIES', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 824, no. 1, pp. 9pp.
Wagner, A, Bicknell, G, Umemura, M et al 2016, 'Galaxy-scale AGN feedback - theory', Astronomische Nachrichten, vol. 337, no. 1-2, pp. 167-174.
Dopita, M, Shastri, P, Scharwachter, J et al 2015, 'S7: Probing the physics of Seyfert galaxies through their ENLR & HII regions', International Astronomical Union. Proceedings, vol. 10, pp. 200-205.
Tepper-Garcia, T, Bland-Hawthorn, J & Sutherland, R 2015, 'THE MAGELLANIC STREAM: BREAK-UP and ACCRETION onto the HOT GALACTIC CORONA', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 813, no. 2, pp. -.
Bland-Hawthorn, J, Sutherland, R & Webster, D 2015, 'ULTRAFAINT DWARF GALAXIES-THE LOWEST-MASS RELICS FROM BEFORE REIONIZATION', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 807, no. 2.
Dopita, M, Shastri, P, Worth, R et al 2015, 'PROBING THE PHYSICS OF NARROW LINE REGIONS IN ACTIVE GALAXIES. II. THE SIDING SPRING SOUTHERN SEYFERT SPECTROSCOPIC SNAPSHOT SURVEY (S7)', Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol. 217, no. 1, pp. 1-19pp.
Webster, D, Bland-Hawthorn, J & Sutherland, R 2015, 'Star formation in ultra-faint dwarfs: Continuous or single-age bursts?', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 799, no. 2, pp. 1-6.
Dopita, M, Ho, I, Dressel, L et al 2015, 'Probing the physics of narrow-line regions in active galaxies. III. accretion and cocoon shocks in the liner NGC 1052', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 801, no. 1, pp. 1-16pp.
Webster, D, Bland-Hawthorn, J & Sutherland, R 2015, 'The Chemical Evolution of Very Metal-Poor Damped LYα Systems', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 804, no. 2, pp. 1-10.
Nolan, C A, Sutherland, R & Federrath, C 2015, 'The density variance-Mach number relation in isothermal and non-isothermal adiabatic turbulence', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 451, no. 2, pp. 1380-1389.
Potter, T, Staveley-Smith, L, Kirk, J et al 2014, 'Three-dimensional simulations of the expanding remnant of SN 1987A', International Astronomical Union. Proceedings, vol. 9, no. S296, pp. 330-331.
Nicholls, D, Dopita, M, Sutherland, R et al 2014, 'Metal-poor dwarf galaxies in the sigrid galaxy sample. II. the electron temperature-abundance calibration and the parameters that affect it', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 790, no. 1, pp. 75/ 1-17.
Vogt, F, Dopita, M, Kewley, L et al 2014, 'Galaxy emission line classification using three-dimensional line ratio diagrams', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 793, no. 2, pp. 1-19.
Crocker, R, Bicknell, G, Carretti, E et al 2014, 'Steady-state hadronic gamma-ray emission from 100-MYR-old Fermi Bubbles', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 791, no. 2, pp. L20/1-4.
Potter, T, Staveley-Smith, L, Reville, B et al 2014, 'Multi-dimensional simulations of the expanding supernova remnant of SN 1987A', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 794, no. 2, pp. 174/1-26.
Nicholls, D, Dopita, M, Sutherland, R et al 2014, 'Metal-poor dwarf galaxies in the sigrid galaxy sample. I. H II region observations and chemical abundances', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 786, no. 2, pp. 786/1-21.
Webster, D, Sutherland, R & Bland-Hawthorn, J 2014, 'ULTRAFAINT DWARFS-STAR FORMATION AND CHEMICAL EVOLUTION IN THE SMALLEST GALAXIES', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 796, no. 1, pp. 11/1-14.
Dopita, M, Scharwachter, J, Shastri, P et al 2014, 'Probing the physics of narrow-line regions of Seyfert galaxies I. The case of NGC 5427', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 566.
Nawaz, M, Wagner, A, Bicknell, G et al 2014, 'Jet-intracluster medium interaction in Hydra A - I. Estimates of jet velocity from inner knots', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 444, no. 2, pp. 1600-1614.
Dopita, M, Scharwächter, J, Shastri, P et al 2014, 'Probing the physics of narrow-line regions of Seyfert galaxies I. The case of NGC 5427', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 566, no. A41, pp. 14pp.
Bicknell, G, Sutherland, R & Neumayer, N 2013, 'The kinematics and ionization of nuclear gas clouds in centaurus A', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 766, no. 1, p. 9.
Dopita, M, Sutherland, R, Nicholls, D et al 2013, 'New strong-line abundance diagnostics for H II regions: Effects of κ-distributed electron energies and new atomic data', Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol. 208, no. 1, pp. 1-26.
Kewley, L, Dopita, M, Leitherer, C et al 2013, 'Theoretical evolution of optical strong lines across cosmic time', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 774, no. 2, pp. 1-17.
Bland-Hawthorn, J, Maloney, P, Sutherland, R et al 2013, 'Fossil imprint of a powerful flare at the galactic center along the magellanic stream', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 778, no. 1, pp. 1-16.
Sutherland, R, Dopita, M, Binette, L et al 2013, 'MAPPINGS III: Modelling And Prediction in PhotoIonized Nebulae and Gasdynamical Shocks'.
Nicholls, D, Dopita, M, Sutherland, R et al 2013, 'Measuring nebular temperatures: The effect of new collision strengths with equilibrium and kappa-distributed electron energies', Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol. 207, no. 21, pp. 20pp.
Nicholls, D, Dopita, M & Sutherland, R 2012, 'Resolving the electron temperature discrepancies in H II regions and planetary nebulae: κ-Distributed electrons', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 752, no. 2.
Dopita, M, Krauss, L, Sutherland, R et al 2011, 'Re-ionizing the universe without stars', Astrophysics and Space Science, vol. 335, no. 2, pp. 345-352.
Bland-Hawthorn, J, Sutherland, R & Karlsson, T 2011, 'The minimum mass for a dwarf galaxy', A Universe of Dwarf Galaxies, ed. M Koleva, Ph Prugniel, I Vauglin, Cambridge University Press, UK, pp. 397-404.
Sutherland, R 2010, 'Fyris Alpha: Computational Fluid Dynamics Code'.
Sutherland, R 2010, 'A new computational fluid dynamics code I: Fyris Alpha', Astrophysics and Space Science, vol. 327, no. 2, pp. 173-206.
Bicknell, G, Cooper, J, Sutherland, R et al 2009, 'AGN feedback in galaxy evolution', Physics of Galactic Nuclei, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), Germany.
Allen, M, Groves, B, Dopita, M et al 2008, 'The MAPPINGS III Library of Fast Radiative Shock Models', Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol. 178, no. 1, pp. 20-55.
Groves, B, Dopita, M, Sutherland, R et al 2008, 'Modeling the Pan-Spectral Energy Distribution of Starburst Galaxies. IV. The Controlling Parameters of the Starburst SED', Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol. 176, no. 2, pp. 438-456.
Cooper, J, Bicknell, G, Sutherland, R et al 2009, 'Starburst-Driven Galactic Winds: Filament Formation and Emission Processes', Astrophysical Journal, The, vol. 703, no. 1, pp. 330-347.
Allen, M, Groves, B, Dopita, M et al 2008, 'The MAPPINGS III Library of Fast Radiative Shock Models', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 178, no. 1, pp. 20-55.
Cooper, J, Bicknell, G, Sutherland, R et al 2008, 'Three-Dimensional Simulations of a Starburst-driven Galactic Wind', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 674, no. Feb, pp. 157-171.
Sutherland, R 2007, 'The Sun', American Astronomical Society. Bulletin, vol. 2, pp. 11-14.
Sutherland, R & Bicknell, G 2007, 'Interactions of a Light Hypersonic Jet with a Nonuniform Interstellar Medium', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 173, pp. 37-69.
Cooper, J, Bicknell, G, Sutherland, R et al 2007, 'Three-dimensional simulations of a starburst wind', Astrophysics and Space Science, vol. 311, pp. 99-103.
Sutherland, R & Bicknell, G 2007, 'Interaction of Jets with the ISM of Radio Galaxies', Astrophysics and Space Science, vol. 311, pp. 293-303.
Bland-Hawthorn, J, Sutherland, R, Agertz, O et al 2007, 'The Source of Ionization along the Magellanic Stream', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 670, no. 2, pp. L109-L112.
McGregor, P, Dopita, M, Sutherland, R et al 2007, 'Gemini Observations of Disks and Jets in Young Stellar Objects and in Active Galaxies', Astrophysics and Space Science, vol. 311, no. 1-3, pp. 223-230.
Bicknell, G & Sutherland, R 2006, 'Evolutionary models of powerful radio galaxies', Astronomische Nachrichten, vol. 327, no. 2-3, pp. 235-240.
Groves, B, Dopita, M & Sutherland, R 2006, 'The infrared emission from the narrow line region', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 458, pp. 405-416.
Dopita, M, Fischera, J, Sutherland, R et al 2006, 'Modeling the Pan-Spectral Energy Distribution of Starburst Galaxies. III. Emission Line Diagnostics of Ensembles of Evolving H II Regions', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 167, pp. 177-200.
Dopita, M, Fischera, J, Crowley, O et al 2006, 'Compact H II Regions: What Lies Within?', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 639, pp. 788-802.
Dopita, M, Fischera, J, Sutherland, R et al 2006, 'Modeling the Pan-Spectral Energy Distribution of Starburst Galaxies. II. Control of the H II Region Parameters', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 647, pp. 244-255.
Groves, B, Dopita, M & Sutherland, R 2005, 'The pan-spectral energy distribution of dusty narrow line regions', in C. C. Popescu, R. J. Tuffs (ed.), The Spectral Energy Distributions of Gas-Rich Galaxies: Confronting Models with Data., American Institute of Physics (AIP), Melville, NY, pp. 273-276.
Dopita, M, Groves, B, Fischera, J et al 2005, 'Modeling the pan-spectral energy distribution of starburst galaxies. I. The role of ISM pressure and the molecular cloud dissipation timescale', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 619, pp. 755-778.
Dopita, M, Groves, B, Fischera, J et al 2005, 'Starburst galaxies in the far-infrared. Modelling the line, PAH and dust continuum emission', Astronomische Nachrichten, vol. 326, p. 526.
Bicknell, G, Safouris, V, Saxton, C et al 2005, 'What Gamma-rays tell us about jets', in Felix A. Aharonian, Heinz J. Volk, Dieter Horns (ed.), High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy: 2nd International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy, American Institute of Physics (AIP), Utah, pp. 140-147.
Saxton, C, Bicknell, G, Sutherland, R et al 2005, 'Interactions of jets with inhomogenous cloudy media', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 359, pp. 781-200.
Groves, B, Dopita, M & Sutherland, R 2004, 'Dusty, Radiation Pressure-Dominated Photoionization. I. Model Description, Structure and Grids', Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, vol. 153, pp. 9-73.
Groves, B, Dopita, M & Sutherland, R 2004, 'Dusty, Radiation Pressure-Dominated photoionization II. Multiwavelength Emission Line Diagnostics for Narrow-Line Regions', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 153, pp. 75-91.
Dopita, M, Groves, B, Fischera, J et al 2004, 'Modelling the Pan-Spectral Energy Distribution of Starburst Galaxies: The role of ISM pressure and the Molecular Cloud Dissipation Timescale', Annual Scientific Meeting of the Astronomische Gesellschaft and the Czech Astronomical Society, ed. Reinhard E Schielicke, Wiley-VCH Verlag GMBH, Potsdam, Germany, pp. 117-118.
Travouillon, T, Ashley, M, Burton, M et al 2003, 'Automated Shack-Hartmann seeing measurements at the South Pole', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 409, no. 3, pp. 1169-1173.
Dopita, M & Sutherland, R 2003, Astrophysics of the Diffuse Universe, Springer, Germany.
Bicknell, G, Saxton, C, Sutherland, R et al 2003, 'Jets: an environmental impact statement', New Astronomy Reviews, vol. 47, no. 6-7, pp. 537-544.
Sutherland, R, Bicknell, G & Dopita, M 2003, 'The Numerical Simulation of Radiative Shocks. II. Thermal Instabilities in Two-dimensional Models', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 591, pp. 238-257.
Dopita, M, Groves, B, Sutherland, R et al 2003, 'Internal Dust Correction Factors for Star Formation Rates Derived for Dusty HII Regions and Starburst Galaxies', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 583, pp. 727-731.
Sutherland, R, Bisset, D & Bicknell, G 2003, 'The Numerical Simulation of Radiative Shocks. I. The Elimination of Numerical Shock Instabilities Using a Local Oscillation Filter', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 147, pp. 187-195.
Fischera, J, Dopita, M & Sutherland, R 2003, 'Starburst Galaxies: Why the Calzetti Dust Extinction Law?', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 599, pp. L21-L24.
Bicknell, G, Saxton, C & Sutherland, R 2003, 'GPS and CSS Sources - Theory and Modelling', Workshop on Compact Steep Spectrum and GHz-Peaked Spectrum Radio Sources 2002, ed. Tasso Tzioumis, Wim de Vries, Anton Koekemoer and Ignas Snellen, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 102-109.
Dopita, M, Kewley, L & Sutherland, R 2002, 'Photoionization, Shocks or Starbursts?', Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica, vol. 12, pp. 225-229.
Dopita, M, Groves, B, Sutherland, R et al 2002, 'Are the Narrow-Line Regions in Active Galaxies Dusty and Radiation Pressure Dominated?', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 572, pp. 753-761.
Saxton, C, Sutherland, R, Bicknell, G et al 2002, 'Complex Shock Structure in the Western Hot-spot of Pictor A', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 393, pp. 765-792.
Saxton, C, Bicknell, G & Sutherland, R 2002, 'Production of Ringlike Structure in the Cocoon of Hercules A', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 579, pp. 176-187.
Kewley, L, Dopita, M, Sutherland, R et al 2001, 'Theoretical Modeling of Starburst Galaxies', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 556, pp. 121-140.
Francis, P, Williger, G, Collins, N et al 2001, 'A Pair of Compact Red Galaxies at Redshift 2.38, Immersed in a 100 Kiloparsec Scale Ly Nebula', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 554, pp. 1001-1011.
Saxton, C, Sutherland, R & Bicknell, G 2001, 'The Centaurus A Northern Middle Lobe as a Buoyant Bubble', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 563, pp. 103-117.
Dopita, M & Sutherland, R 2000, 'The Importance of Photoelectric Heating by Dust in Planetary Nebulae', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 539, no. 3, pp. 742-750.
Dopita, M, Kewley, L, Heisler, C et al 2000, 'A Theoretical Recalibration of the Extragalactic HII Region Sequence', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 542, no. 1, p. 224.
Bicknell, G, Sutherland, R, van Breugel, W et al 2000, 'Jet-Induced Emission-Line Nebulosity and Star Formation in the High-Redshift Radio Galaxy 4C 41.17', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 540, pp. 678-686.
Kewley, L, Heisler, C, Dopita, M et al 2000, 'Compact Radio Emission From Warm Infrared Galaxies', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 530, no. 2, pp. 704-718.
Allen, M, Dopita, M, Tsvetanov, Z et al 1999, 'Physical Conditions in the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 2992', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 511, pp. 686-708.
Hill, T, Heisler, C, Sutherland, R et al 1999, 'Starburst or Seyfert? Using Near-infrared Spectroscopy to Measure the Activity in Composite Galaxies', Astronomical Journal, vol. 117, no. 1, pp. 111-125.
The key role of Black Holes in galaxy evolution (Secondary Investigator)
https://miocene.anu.edu.au/mappings
The MAPPINGS astrophysical plasma modelling code


Today we'll be talking about the latest market outlook and go over how we can make 2019 your best year yet.
The stock market is volatile, the Fed is raising interest rates, and there's a lot of uncertainty floating around. Is the real estate market good, though? It depends on your area, whether you're buying or selling, the price point you're in, and many other factors. Reach out to me and we can figure out what will work best in your situation.
My biggest concern, though, is that many people are moving down south. People are retiring or their kids are going off to college, so they figure now's a good time to downsize and move to a new area. This is only going to accelerate over the next few years.
While the market is uncertain, there's one thing we can be in control of: 2019 will be our best year yet. I've been able to mentor someone recently, and I believe it's helping me just as much as it is him. Most of life is used finding your purpose, and I think one of the biggest purposes we have is helping others. I'm all about helping build others up.
In David Goggins' book, "Can't Hurt Me," he tells a story about an instructor who taught two trainees how to open a clogged airway. Two days later in a skydiving incident, the instructor's airway became clogged and he was unable to breathe. He was then saved by the two people he had trained just two days prior.
Through mentoring, sometimes the life you're saving is your own. Life can be a struggle for many, but it depends on how you look at it; I see it as a blessing. If you're struggling, I'd love to sit down with you and lend a hand. I know I certainly wouldn't be where I am now without the wonderful mentors I've had in my life.
If you'd like to talk, have any questions, or need more information, please reach out to me. I look forward to hearing from you soon.


Always remember in case of emergency dial 9-1-1. Be sure to tell the dispatcher your name, the address or location that you are at, and a brief description of what has happened.
Smoke detectors in all bedrooms and also on a wall outside of the kitchen.
Fire Extinguishers. It is also important to check fire extinguishers yearly to make sure it is charged.
Family escape plan. The fire escape plan should identify all possible escape routes and should also include a specific meeting place away from the structure so that everyone in the family can be accounted for. The family should practice the drill regularly so that everyone will know what to do in the event of a fire at your house.
If you have to go through a room with smoke in it in order to exit the house be sure to stay low to the floor and crawl. Staying low will make it easier to breathe since the hot and hazardous gases in a fire rise. When having to open a door always feel the door with the back of your hand for heat. If the door is hot you should not open it and find another way out of the house.
If your clothes ever catch on fire remember these important steps: STOP! DROP! ROLL! You should stop where you are and not run because running will make the fire worse. Drop down on the ground and roll with your arms over your head and this will smother the fire.


Smiling service in Ethiopia if you need a TRADESMAN, a Plumper - Carpenter, You'll also find a Handyman . - Is your car or home for sale, Looking for an apartment or cottage? - You'll find it here.
News and debateAll and Ethiopia.
Ethiopia is unfortunately not divided into regions yet.
Ethiopia is a country in Africa. - Visit Ethiopia and discover a land of beautiful and varied scenery, the people of Ethiopia are very friendly and no matter where you are, you meet always a friendly smile.In urban and rural areas, you will be welcomed with a special friendly atmosphere.
We deeply regret. - We have no further information about Ethiopia yet.
If you are a tourist office - representative for Ethiopia, or if you just know about Ethiopia´s history, we would very much appreciate your help if you can help us write what you know about Ethiopia.


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Why should I begin a career in mechanical engineering in Phoenix, AZ?
The Refrigeration School, Inc. offers career training in mechanical engineering in Phoenix, AZ. Classes prepare students for installing, maintaining, and repairing the mechanical aspects of HVAC systems.
Industry Related Articles
Home » Career Services » Industry Related Articles » Why should I begin a career in mechanical engineering in Phoenix, AZ?
Opportunities to begin an HVAC career after classes in mechanical engineering can be achieved through studying at an HVAC technical school in Phoenix, Arizona such as The Refrigeration School, Inc. Career training can be completed quickly so you are prepared to start your new job sooner. The Refrigeration School, Inc. offers courses to prepare you with the skills for HVAC jobs, jobs that include such fields as mechanical engineering.
Mechanical engineering is a specialty that many engineers take advantage of after studying at an HVAC technical school. This engineering discipline applies the foundational logic behind mechanical systems, using mathematic, manufacturing, and maintenance standards. The implementation of such standards involves principles such as kinematics and energy in objects, as well as mechanical principles.
What should I expect from a mechanical engineering career?
A job you can work hard in and be proud of
Varied work locations
Problem solving environment
Mechanical engineers maintain systems using the standards of heat, mass, energy and force. They are involved in more than just maintaining though, but also are able to test and build systems of heating and cooling. They work to supply equipment to such industries as automotive, construction, machinery, and aviation through government and corporate entities.
Mechanical engineering students develop a critical eye for making a project more efficient by evaluating costs and the safety. HVAC technician are able to work a stable, 40-hour work week that may depend on the work load at the time of the year. They constantly get to change environments, sometimes working in an office or sometimes going to a site to work. With a degree from the Refrigeration School with foundational principles from mechanical engineering training to supplement it, students ensure a solid future.
Let us Help You Get Started – or – Request More Information With No Obligation


text:
Q: How to dispaly a view in a popup Like i have said in the title, what i want to do is that : display a view in a popup when i click on a link!
i have already shown some text on the popup, but i don't now how to display a view in the popup!
Code:

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Index";
    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}

Create popup

<input  onclick="showPopup()" type="button" value="Click"/>

                hi
                hello

Scripts:

A: Try this:
function showPopup() {
            $(document).ready(function() {
                    $("#divContaiPopup").dialog({
                        height:400,
                        width:500,
                        modal:true,
                        buttons:{
                            "OK":function(){
                                $(this).dialog("close");
                                aert('you selected ok!!')
                            },
                            "Cancel":function(){
                                $(this).dialog("close");
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    );
            });
        }

Scripts:-
<link href="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.8.16/themes/base/jquery-ui.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>

Or
Check this Link


This may or may not come as a surprise, but I'm not a fan of New Year's resolutions.
What do I have against New Year's resolutions? Here's what: People often break resolutions, then feel bad about themselves, defeating the purpose.
Here's the thing about achieving a goal – it's not easy. As the saying goes, "anything worth having requires work." To achieve goals, it typically means a change in behavior and consistent, intentional effort. At the foundation, it's quite simple: In order to commit to change, you have to want something bad enough.
In order to commit to change, you have to want something bad enough.
Maybe your goal is to get your health back. Maybe you have a career-related goal. Maybe you just want to be happier, have a better marriage, travel more, buy a house, make new friends, run a marathon… Maybe you've been diagnosed with something that could be terminal and you're determined to make lifestyle changes to control what you can. Whatever it is, don't be afraid to identify your goal, write it down and acknowledge it. For me, it's a priority to stay healthy and have energy not only for myself, but for my kids.
There have been times when I've wanted to reduce my body fat percentage. Of course, it would have been easiest to wish, hope and ignore the fat that I know is there (correction, was there! 😉) . But because I truly want to be the healthiest version of myself for my kids, I have deep enough motivation to commit to daily changes in order to achieve my goals.
Once I've defined my goal(s), I outline a clear plan of what needs to happen to achieve the goal. When I wanted to reduce body fat percentage, I defined a workout schedule which included frequency and type of workouts. I also laid out a nutrition plan, which helped me evaluate the day-to-day food changes I needed to make.
I can't reiterate it enough – when identifying goals, make sure to ask yourself, do I really want this? And why do I want this? If your reasons are not rooted in the values you hold dear, they may not be strong enough reasons and you risk setting yourself up for failure, which can create a damaging cycle of disappointment and frustration. When planning your journey to achieve a goal, make sure to spend enough time identifying your values to make sure they're aligned. In this way, you set yourself up for success!
STICK TO THE PLAN. Day in and day out, just do it. Don't think about it – simply stick to the plan. Pretty soon it becomes habit, and the changes become easier.
DON'T BEAT YOURSELF UP. Things happen. Life gets in the way. There will be those days where things go wrong and you won't be able to stick to the "all important plan". That's ok! Pick yourself back up, get back on track, and don't sweat it. Change takes time and patience is a key ingredient to any great accomplishment.
These points may seem contradictory, but both are important. We need to maintain a mindset of fulfilling our commitments no matter how we feel that day, but we also need to give ourselves grace for the days that we fall short – to get back on track quickly, rather than getting stuck in guilt or shame.
Beyond identifying the day-to-day changes you'll need to make to achieve your goals, find ways to hold yourself accountable. I like to sign up for a few events throughout the year that help keep me on track.
This year, I plan to run the Miami Half Marathon in January, climb Scale the Strat in February, bike the Austin Rattler race in March and compete in the Cheqamegon Mountain Bike Race in September. I also will do a quarterly detox, and each year I do the 'Gut Fix' by Life Time which is basically a 30 day supplement and eating plan that is designed to optimize digestive health.
When it comes to health and wellness goals, I recommend scheduling a routine annual physical with your doctor, including a hormone panel (lab analysis of your blood to measure your hormones) to monitor your internal health, as you're able to. I'm also a strong believer in food sensitivity testing to make sure you're putting what's best for you into your body and eliminating foods that may be causing inflammation or other issues.
Staying on top of my health and fitness goals isn't something I take lightly. It's a way of life for me and is something that needs to happen EVERY DAY, not just in January. There is no short cut, no quick fix, or easy pill to take. But it is all part of the wellness journey! If you commit and put in the effort, you'll be one step closer to achieving your goals.
Change is never easy! So as you evaluate the beginning of 2019 and your goals for the year, I encourage you to break it down, create a plan and and take it one day at a time so that it won't seem like such a big mountain to climb.
Thank you so much for reading! As you know, I love to hear from you – so don't be shy! Share your goals with me in the comments or by email.


text:
Watch: Andrew Constance on the urgency of net zero
On the urgency of net zero
Andrew Constance
NSW Transport & Roads Minister
The NSW Government's nation-leading Electric Vehicle Strategy has seen almost $500 million dollars invested into tax cuts and incentives to drive everyday Aussies towards purchasing an electric vehicle. While within his portfolio, Minister Constance has set an ambitious target to transition the state's entire bus fleet to electric by the end of the decade, with his attention also turning to the future of electric ferries. Transport for NSW is also transitioning to net zero greenhouse gas emissions and is implementing the Future Energy Strategy, which will reduce emissions by up to 90%. Minister Constance joined us on 31 August 2021 to discuss these ideas and more.


I've been building fires since I was a college student living in a cabin in the Adirondacks and heating with a wood stove. I'm also fond of backyard bonfires and I'm the designated fire builder when our family goes camping. Tinder (such as paper), kindling, and dry firewood are essential to starting and maintaining a good fire. One problem we've encountered at family campgrounds is that you can't always find good kindling around. Also, you never know how thick or dense the campground firewood is. Last year we bought firewood at a campsite and it turned out to be all oak – very dense and almost impossible to split with my camping axe. I always keep some fire starter sticks in our camping gear, but there have been times when it took almost my entire weekend supply just to light one fire. So when Lisa asked me to review a product called Instafire, it sparked my interest.
Instafire is an all-natural fire starting product that lights easily, burns hot, and is safe to carry and store. It's made from volcanic rock, wood pellets, and paraffin wax. It won't light with just a spark – for safety reasons – so you'll need a source of flame like a match or a lighter in order to ignite it. Instafire comes in a variety of package sizes; we tested the 1.75 oz pouch.
Be sure to follow safe fire practices. Don't start a fire near dry grass or weeds or around any flammable or explosive material! Keep children and pets at a safe distance.
The Instafire package comes with clear and simple instructions. I started by building a square of logs to form the perimeter of the fire. Then I poured a package of Instafire into a pile in the middle and lit it with a single match. For safety reasons, Instafire won't light with just a spark, so don't try to be Bear Grylls and light it with a flint and a knife – it needs a flame to start it.
When it was nice and hot, I added a little kindling – much less than I would normally use to get a fire going – and one piece of dry firewood.
What you see above is all the kindling I used. Without Instafire I would have needed five times that amount of kindling.
Overall, I like the product. There's no artificial smell, no lighter fluid – just the scent of a natural wood fire. I was able to build a nice bonfire without using paper and with very little kindling. The company claims that you can start a fire with no kindling at all, and I think that's probably true, but you'd need more Instafire than I had for the test.
They also say that it lights wet wood. Please be aware that wet wood is NOT the same thing as green wood. Green wood is freshly cut – less than a year old – and hasn't had time to dry out. Don't try to start a fire with green wood. Wet wood, on the other hand, is properly aged firewood that happened to get wet, maybe from being out in the rain. That's surface wetness; it makes it difficult to light, but the wood will burn if it's hot enough. Instafire provides enough heat to evaporate the surface wetness and ignite wet wood.
In a survival situation, the top priorities are water, shelter, fire, and food – in that order. And if your water supply is questionable, fire may supersede shelter since you'll need to boil water before drinking it. While I'm a pretty competent bonfire builder, I wouldn't want to depend on whatever material I can find to start a fire. If I were hiking in the wilderness I would keep a jackknife, a stainless steel water bottle, two lighters, and a few packages of Instafire in my backpack. If you can't find firewood, you can boil water over a pile of burning Instafire.
I've tried a variety of commercial fire starters and I think Instafire provides the most heat for its weight and volume. We'll definitely buy some to keep with our camping gear. But if you're not an experienced fire builder, it's not as simple as "light it and forget it" – it takes a bit of skill to get a good fire going, regardless of the fire starter that you're using. Instafire eliminates the need for tinder (paper) and drastically reduces the amount kindling required, but there's no substitute for skill.
Instafire comes in multiple package sizes, including half-cup (1.75 oz) waterproof foil pouches ($1.49 each) that can be put into a backpack. If you like to buy in bulk, they also sell two gallon and five-gallon buckets. This review is based on the Fire Starter, but they also sell Charcoal Starter for those who want to cook with charcoal without the nasty smell of lighter fluid.
Disclaimer: We received two free pouches (retail value $2.98) for this review, but Instafire did not pay for the review nor did they have any input into it. All opinions are my own.
This sounds like a good product to have around. Thank you for the review!


text:
A Site Selection Web Exclusive, June 2010
Sanofi and Solvay Make Moves in Italy
Sanofi-Aventis has expanded capacity at its production facility in Brindisi.
By John W. McCurry
anofi-Aventis continues to expand its plant in <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 />Brindisi in southern Italy. A recent investment of US$32 million boosts the plant's capacity to produce the antibiotic Spiramycin. The company is the largest pharmaceutical manufacturer in Italy with plants also in Origgio, Garessio, Anagni and Scoppito. Sanofi-Aventis employs about 3,200 in Italy, 1,400 of whom work at the five plants.
"Each of the five Sanofi-Aventis plants located in Italy stands out for specific field of activity, helping make Italy a point of reference within the Group's industrial reality," said Philippe Luscan, the company's deputy senior chairman for industrial affairs. "In Sanofi-Aventis' international strategies, the Brindisi plant represents a significant pole on an international level in the production of antibiotics, and the start-up of the production of Spiramycin is yet another sign of our company's commitment to offering efficient responses to unsatisfied health needs worldwide."
For the 2010-2013 period, Sanofi-Aventis plans to invest approximately $394 million to develop its industrial presence and its research activities in Italy, adding to more than $246 million allocated in 2006-2009.
"The start-up of production of the antibiotic Spiramycin and the consequent investment of €26 million [US$32 million] is a key step in the growth of the production plant, which further strengthens the role played by Brindisi in the Sanofi-Aventis world production chessboard," said Daniel Lapeyre, managing director for Sanofi-Aventis Italy.
Here's a look at the company's other production plants in Italy.
-The Origgio production plant, which employs 246, produces Enterogermina and Maalox, which are currently exported to 33 and 55 countries, respectively. In the future, the number of countries where Enterogermina will be registered will reach 85, with 250 million vials to be produced yearly.
-The Garessio production site, which employs 167, is involved in the company's Medicines Access Programme for tropical diseases. In the future, the production of synthetic artemisin, a fundamental component for antimalarial treatment, will be moved to Garessio.
-The Anagni production plant, which employs 484, in recent years has been charged with the production of some drugs previously manufactured abroad, with an investment of over €70 million (US$86 million). Two-thirds of the plant's production is intended for international markets, including the United States.
The Scoppito production plant employs 346 and in 2010 will see the opening of a $2.7-million galenical (medicine comprised mainly of herbal or vegetable matter) technology center devoted to the development of new pharmaceutical products.
In 2008 Sanofi-Aventis opened a new $33-million research center in Milan that employs 70. In 2009 it obtained five patents and 430 original molecules were synthesized there.
Solvay, an international chemical and pharmaceutical group with headquarters in Brussels, has begun the sodium bicarbonate production capacity extension at its Rosignano site, Italy. With this expansion, Rosignano will become the world's biggest sodium bicarbonate production plant with a yearly capacity of 250,000 tons. Solvay manufactures sodium bicarbonate in Europe, in Egypt and in the U.S. With the capacity expansion in Rosignano, Solvay's total annual production capacity for sodium bicarbonate has reached now 870,000 tons.
"This new capacity will allow satisfying the increased demand for sodium bicarbonate of our customers," said Giordano Zappelli, marketing manager of the Sodium Related Products activity of Solvay's Sodium Carbonate Strategic Business Unit.
Solvay has expanded its facility in Rosignano.
Lombardy a Biotech Leader
new report released by Italian biotech association Assobiotec and Ernst & Young gives an updated overview of the biotech sector.
The report says <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 />Italy has 319 companies involved in biotech R&D, 187 of which are considered to be "pure biotech." Most of the 319 companies were set up between the late 1990s and the early 2000s, 53 percent were startups and 24 percent were academic spinoffs. The report classifies 68 percent of the companies as either being "micro" or small. Biotech clusters have developed in Lombardy (with 36 percent of Italy's companies), Piedmont, Tuscany, Veneto, Sardinia and Latium.
Italy's biotech turnover is stable, generating $8.1 billion in 2008, according to the report. The industry employs more than 50,000, of whom about 9 percent are involved in pure biotech companies.
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