text:
Q: Issue import vendor file in cakephp I'm trying to import a non cake php file into a view. I copied the file into the Vendors folder and then added the following line to my code:
<?php
App::import('Vendor', 'sitecommon');
?>

But this gives me the following error message:
Fatal error: Cannot redeclare class IncFunc in /var/www/html/PHP/site/includes/sitecommon.php on line 6

But if I remove the import statement I get the message:
Class 'IncFunc' not found in /var/www/html/cakepftest/app/views/alerts/view.ctp

This is for cake version 1.3.7.
<?php

//various include functions for javascript libraries,etc.
class IncFunc
{

    static public $PHP_ROOT_PATH="/PHP";
    static public $CAKE_ROOT_PATH="/cakepftest";
    static public $JSP_ROOT_PATH="http://localhost:8080/JSPDataSource";

    static function icon()
    {
        echo "<link href=\"".self::$PHP_ROOT_PATH."/site/images/favicon.ico\" type=\"image/x-icon\" rel=\"icon\" /><link href=\"".self::$PHP_ROOT_PATH."/site/images/favicon.ico\" type=\"image/x-icon\" rel=\"shortcut icon\" />";

    }

    static function linkStyleCSS()
    {

        echo "<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"".self::$PHP_ROOT_PATH."/site/includes/style.css\" type=\"text/css\" />";
    }

    static function logo()
    {
        echo "";
    }

    static function primaryNav($Page)
    {

        echo "
\n";
        echo "
\n";
        echo "
Home
\n";
        echo "
Alert Manager
\n";
        echo "
Charts
";
        //echo "
Blog
";
        //echo "
About
";
        echo "
\n";
        echo "
\n";

    }

    static function incJquery()
    {

        echo "";
    }

    static function header1($context)
    {
        //require_once '../../common/functions.php';
        echo "
";
        self::logo();
        self::primaryNav($context);
        //self::pageCounter();
        echo "
 ";
    }

    static function pageCounter()
    {

        $uri = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];

        if (strpos($uri,'?')!=false)
            $uri = substr($uri,0,strpos($uri,'?'));

        db_utility::db_connect();

        $query1 = "select hits from page_counters where uri='".$uri."'";

        $result1 = mysql_query($query1) or die("Failed Query of " . $query1);

        $row1 = mysql_fetch_array($result1);

        if ($row1==null)
        {
            $query2 = "insert into page_counters (uri,hits) values ('".$uri."',1)";
        }
        else
        {
            $query2 = "update page_counters set hits=".($row1['hits']+1)." where uri='".$uri."'";
        }

        mysql_query($query2) or die("Failed Query of " . $query2);

    }

    static function chartSecondaryNav()
    {

        echo "
\n";
        echo "
\n";
        echo "
Federal Reserve Main
\n";
        echo "
All Assets
\n";
        echo "
Foreign Exchange
\n";
        echo "
Commodities
\n";
        echo "
U.S Equities
\n";
        echo "
\n";
        echo "
\n";

    }

    static function yuiDropDownJavaScript()
    {

        echo "  ";
        //echo "<link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"http://yui.yahooapis.com/combo?2.8.2r1/build/reset-fonts-grids/reset-fonts-grids.css\">";
        echo "<link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"http://yui.yahooapis.com/combo?2.8.2r1/build/menu/assets/skins/sam/menu.css\">";
        echo "<link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"http://yui.yahooapis.com/combo?2.8.2r1/build/button/assets/skins/sam/button.css\">";
        echo "";
        echo "";

        echo "";

        echo "";

    }

    static function yuiDropDownMenu()
    {

        echo "
";
        echo "
";
        echo "
";
        echo "
";
        echo "
";
        echo "
";
        echo "                  Equities";
        echo "
";
        echo "
";
        echo "                  Commodities";
        echo "
";
        echo "
";
        echo "                  Foreign Exchange";
        echo "
";
        echo "
";
        echo "                  Miscellaneous";
        echo "
";
        echo "
";
        echo "
";
        echo "
";
        echo "
";
        echo "
";

    }

    static function blogFeedJavaScript()
    {
        echo "\n";
        echo "\n";

    }

}

?>

A: This means you're declaring the class IncFunc twice, like:
class IncFunc {
   ...
}

// somewhere else
class IncFunc {
   ...
}

Remove one of the declarations.

A: Doesn't really solve the problem of why it's happening, but you could:
<?php

if (!class_exists('IncFunc')) {
    App::import('Vendor', 'sitecommon');
}

?>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Inga-Britt Wik, född 18 december 1930 i Vasa, död 31 juli 2008 i samma stad, var en finlandssvensk författare och poet.

Biografi
Wik var 1961–1988 som lektor i svenska språket vid Helsingfors universitet, där hon tog filosofie kandidat-examen 1956. Hon blev 1970 filosofie licentiat i litteraturvetenskap på en avhandling om Elmer Diktonius. Efter pensioneringen flyttade hon tillbaka till sin hemstad Vasa.

Hon var 1954–1962 gift med Jörn Donner och är mor till Johan Donner.

Författarskap
Wik debuterade 1952 med diktsamlingen Profil och gav ut sammanlagt 17 diktsamlingar och fyra prosaverk på Schildts förlag. Från ett existentiellt sökande nådde hon fram till en avskalad självinsikt i sina senare dikter. Av hennes prosaböcker väckte Ingen lycklig kärlek, skildringen av hennes möte och äktenskap med Jörn Donner, mest uppmärksamhet.

Wik skrev även litteraturvetenskapliga texter om flera finlandssvenska författare. Hon gjorde omfattande intervjuer med Solveig von Schoultz om hennes författarskap. Wik bidrog även med en artikel om Eva Wichman, Mirjam Tuominen och Solveig von Schoultz i Nordisk kvinnolitteraturhistoria.

Bibliografi
Lyrik
1952 – Profil
1954 – Staden
1958 – Fönstret
1964 – Kvällar
1969 – Långa längtan
1977 – Mänskliga människor
1978 – Sånger för sena älskande
1980 – Jack's Café
1982 – Kära gamla värld
1987 – Vårarna
1990 – Färdas
1993 – Ett hav, ett vatten. Dikter i urval 1954–1993
1994 – Kattvägen
1998 – Löksommar
2003 – Dagar, gläntor
2005 – Ett ändligt antal gröna dagar
2008 – Skriver i dagarnas bok

Prosa
1985 – Såg sig den älskade om
1988 – Ingen lycklig kärlek
1996 – Bryta upp
2001 – Vilken dröm hon har

Övrigt
1999 – Det som har varit, det som är (en brevbiografi över Solveig von Schoultz)
2002 – Strövtåg i ordskogen (författarporträtt av Lars Huldén)

Pris och utmärkelser
2006 – Tollanderska priset

Källor

Artiklar

 Huldén, Lars: Nekrolog i Hufvudstadsbladet 10.8.2008.

Noter

Externa länkar

 Schildts & Söderströms förlag
Inga-Britt Wik i Nordisk kvinnolitteraturhistoria
Inga-Britt Wiks arkiv vid Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland

Finlandssvenska författare
Finlandssvenska poeter
Universitetslektorer
Finländska litteraturvetare
Svenskspråkiga poeter
Personer verksamma vid Helsingfors universitet
Författare från Vasa
Födda 1930
Avlidna 2008
Kvinnor
Mottagare av Tollanderska priset

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A year ago I was non-plussed about the 964 Rennsport. As I've previously mentioned, to my eyes the 964 Rennsport (in 3.6-litre guise) is merely a 964 Carrera with a touch of weight saving, and is therefore overrated. However, perhaps captivated by Josh's 964 RS v 997 GT3 RS feature in issue 128, I'm now curious to see for myself if there is more to this Rennsport's competition DNA.
It's been the underrated 911 for so long but even the plucky 996 Carrera has seen its values rise in 2015. My road test in a 996 C4S last year still resonates today and I'm relishing rekindling the steer in a lighter, rear-drive variant. With prices of this 911 still temptingly low, you never know – I may even end up buying one!
Make no bones about it, this is going to the THE 911 of 2016. This is the back-to-basics special that enthusiasts have been craving for so long. Details remain scarce but even what we already know is enough to whet the appetite: GT3 engine, 991 chassis, and a manual gearbox. I'm hearing that each Porsche Centre is only going to be given the opportunity to sell one or two, so again, the numbers will not work in everybody's favour, but nevertheless you can expect to read all about the car first hand from an upcoming issue of Total 911.
The only 911-derived hypercar. One of the fastest cars of the Eighties in terms of top speed (rivalling the Ferrari F40 of course), so much technology garnered from this car has ended up on subsequent generations of the iconic 911. As a man hailing from the same decade (just) and who regularly has anything by Duran Duran on a 'recently played' list, this really will be the ultimate Porsche experience for me.


This is a great chair quilt for anyone in your family. Curl up and watch some great TV and don't forget the snack! This pattern is compatible with the AccuQuilt GO! Fabric Cutter. This quilt is also available as a kit (see below).


text:
SOULCULTURE TV
RETURN TO THE CLASSICS
AALIYAH REVISITED
Janelle Monae on her GRAMMY Nominations | SoulCulture TV
|In Music, SoulCulture:TV
|By M. Gosho Oakes
SoulCulture TV caught up with Janelle Monae after her sold out show in London show last night to discuss her GRAMMY Award nominations [Best Urban/Alternative Performance for 'Tightrope' and Best Contemporary R&B Album for her debut album, The Arch Android] and her highlights of 2010..
"I'm honoured, grateful, all those wonderful things to be recognised at such an early stage in my career – you know, this is my first full-length album – however when I wrote The ArchAndroid I never wrote it with the intentions of receiving anything," she told us.
"It was always for the people; to uplift them and inspire them and bring people together and to unite people. I'm just most
proud of what we've done and how the people have gravitated towards it…"
Judging by last night's show, where all ages, races and 'types' came together under one roof to dance elatedly, clap,
scream and generally admire and absorb the 2010 masterpieces that are Janelle Monae and The Arch Android, I'd say
her mission has been well accomplished.
From touring with Prince to playing a date with Stevie Wonder and winning a Soul Train award, her well deserved Grammy nods are the icing on the cake.
Click here for the full list of Grammy nominations.
www.soulculture.tv x www.jmonae.com
grammy Grammy Awards janelle monae
Watch: Janelle Monae on her Grammy Nominations | I Am Boi Genius
6th February 2011, 12:55 AM
[…] SoulcultureTV caught up with Janelle Monae to discuss her two Grammy Nods: Best Urban/Alternative Performance for 'Tightrope' and Best Contemporary R&B Album for her debut album, The Arch Android. The interview was after a high-octane performance, which explains her tiresome body language. Check it out below: […]
Video: Janelle Monae Talks Grammy Nods
6th December 2010, 8:53 PM
[…] SC Cancel […]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Global Maps
Major Habitat Types Biodiversity Threat
Interactive Map List
Lake Onega - Lake Ladoga
Nina Bogutskaya, Jennifer Hales
Major Habitat Type
Large lakes
Drainages flowing into
Ladoga and Onega lakes lie in the Neva drainage area near the Baltic Sea. Lake Onega has been connected to the White Sea (Onezhskaya Guba Bay) by the Belomorsko-Baltiyskiy Kanal (White Sea-Baltic Canal) since the 1930s. Three main waterways connect Ladoga and Onega lakes to the Volga drainage. The Volga-Baltic system (formerly Mariinskaya Systema) connects the Sheksna, Vytegra, Svir, and Neva rivers with Beloye and Onegra lakes and Priladozhskiy Canal.
Tikhvinskaya Systema has connected the Mologa, Chagodoscha, and Syas rivers with Ladoga Lake and the Tikhvinskiy Canal since 1811.
The oldest waterway—Voshnevolotskaya Systema (est. 1703)—connects the Tvertsa and Msta rivers with Lake Ladoga, as well as several smaller canals and lakes.
Main rivers to other water bodies
Lake Onega (connected with the Suna, Vodla, and Shuya rivers); Syamozero Lake; Lake Ladoga (connected with the Svir, Vuoksa, and Volkhov, and Neva rivers).
The rivers in the Gulf of Finland are excluded by the ecoregion's south and southwest borders. Together, the northern and westerly borders exclude the lakes of Karelian Lakeland [406]. The northern border also marks the divide between the Lake Onega basin and White Sea basin river catchments. There are several channels and canals in the region—both natural and manmade—and the borders reflect historical conditions before large-scale human intervention.
Beloye [410] and Onega lakes are connected by the Volgo-Baltiyskiy Canal, and Lake Onega is artificially connected to the White Sea. The ecoregion's southeastern border runs along the divide between the Volga catchment and Ladoga-Onega basin in the Vepsovskaya Upland. The same border cuts through the Volkhov River, excluding the Ilmen Lake [404] in the Baltic Lowlands.
With a length of 1,570 km, a volume of 908 km3 and an area of 17,680 km2, Lake Ladoga is not only the largest lake in Europe, but one of the largest in the world. The quadrilateral lake widens in the south, and is marked by several small, skerry-like bays along its northern shoreline. Islands dominate the northern coast, while rocky archipelagos—like the Valaam—take over in the south. The southeastern and southern coasts contain three large, open bays: Petrokrepost, Volkhovskaya Guba and Svirskaya Guba. Despite the fact that Lake Ladoga plummets to 228 m in its deepest region, depths of roughly 100 m are more characteristic of the northern part of the lake. The lake's mean depth is 51 m, and it deepens with proximity to the southern shore, where the lake bottom evens out significantly.
Lodoga Lake is fed by three main tributaries—the Svir, Vuoksa, and Volkhov rivers— while the Neva River allows the lake to drain into the Baltic Sea.
Lake Onega is the second largest lake in Europe, with an area of 9,690 km2. Its depth ranges from 30 to 120 m, and its three main tributaries—the Suna, Vodla, and Shuya rivers—keep its total volume around 292 km3. The Svir River connects Onega and Ladoga lakes.
Freshwater habitats
Both lakes contain deep waters that remain cold (1 to 4°C) year-round, yet the coastal waters heat relatively quickly during spring. A distinct thermal bar between warm and cold water often separates water masses by roughly 20°C. Despite unrelentingly cold temperatures in the lake's central regions, cold-loving whitefishes and paliya still inhabit the areas during most of the year.
Terrestrial habitats
Both lakes' shores appear particularly indented in the north. The southern shore of Lake Ladoga is extremely high and rocky.
Description of endemic fishes
There are two strict endemic species in the ecoregion: Salvelinus lepechini and Valaam whitefish(Coregonus baerii).
Valaam whitefish (Coregonus baerii)—a unique form of endemic whitefish—displays declining numbers, but still claims the highest growth rate among Lake Ladoga's whitefishes. This species inhabits Lake Ladoga's southern region, typically near estuaries of the rivers Volkhov and Svir. Lake Ladoga's western and southern tributaries—the Syas, Pasha, and Svir rivers—once served as spawning grounds for the species. The Volkhov River was dammed in 1926, preventing C. baerii's historic migration up the river to Lake Ilmen and its tributaries—the Msta (most popular spawning area on the way to Lake Mstina), Lovat, Pola, and Shelon rivers. Today, C. baerii exclusively inhabits the lower reaches of the Volkhov River. Commercial fishing on Lake Ladoga—which exploits C. baerii along with other lake whitefishes—looms as a threat to the species' survival.
Coregonus lutokka—a near-endemic (and purportedly abundant) lake whitefish that lives in stony areas—embarks on an upstream summer migration in search of zooplankton. During this summer feeding session, large numbers of C. lutokka mass along the western, southern and eastern coasts Lake Ladoga's southern half. During winter, the fish tend to gather along the eastern and western coats of the lake's northern half.
Coregonus ladogae is also considered endemic in Lake Lodoga, though some scientists include the fish as part of C. albula. This proposed species differs from C. albula in spawning area size and other specific coloration and morphological features.
Coregonus kiletz is believed to be endemic to Lake Onega. It's described as a large relative of C. albula, though—like C. ladogae—further research is required to confirm its status as a separate subspecies. Another subspecies of the Coregonus genus (name unavailable, but vernacular name is Ladozhskiy lake whitefish) may be one additional endemic subspecies, but further research is needed.
Other noteworthy fishes
Local fourhorn sculpin subspecies Triglopsis quadricornis onegensis (and one other possible unknown) appears to have marine origins, though these freshwater sculpins are smaller in size. It's known that the deep-dwelling fish maintain winter spawning patterns, though population sizes and other biological factors remain unclear.
Atlantic sturgeons have inhabited the Ladoga Lake basin since before the 19th century. This local lacustrine form once travelled up the Volkhov River for spawning, but purportedly never reached the Baltic Sea. Some authors say the Baltic and Ladoga sturgeon specimens are actually the American Acipenser oxyrinchus, yet extremely scarce (and possibly locally extinct) remaining sturgeons make this difficult to confirm or reject.
Justification for delineation
Though, geographically, Ladoga and Onega lakes lie within the Neva drainage region (Baltic Sea basin), certain characteristics may warrant them a spot in a different ecoregion. Both lakes support several fishes and crustaceans that exist in large lakes of Sweden and North America.
As previously mentioned, the lakes are home to relict freshwater forms of the fourhorn sculpin—a species with marine origins. In general, the ecoregion supports unique fish fauna (which mostly share riverine ancestors of Atlantic-Baltic fish forms), whereas it completely lacks Siberian species and genera. Similar to the Barents Sea Drainages [407], this ecoregion formed postglacially and contains many forms of lacustrine whitefishes (Coregonus genus), making its reasons for delineation a bit more difficult to discern.
Level of taxonomic exploration
Relatively good, but of the taxonomic status of local Coregonus subspecies requires further study.
Kitaev, S. P., Pervozvanskiy, V. Y. and Sterligova, O. P. (2000). "Fishes" Inventories and research of biological diversity in the terrtiory of Zaonezhskiy Peninsula and Northern Priladozh'ye [Ladoga Region] ( pp. 189-192 ) Petrozavodsk: Institute of Forest Karelian Scientific Centre of RAS.
Ivanter, E. V. and Kuznetsov, O. L. (1995) Red data book of Karelia Karelia : Petrozavodsk
Kotiranta, H., Uotila, P., Sulkata, S., et al. (1998) Red data book of East Fennoscandia : Helsinki
Podushka, S. B. (1999). "Finding of Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser sturio in Ladoga Lake" Scientific Bulletin of Laboratory of Ichthyology of INENKO RAS 1 pp. 5-10.
Feodorova, G. V. (1997). "Transformation of fish assemblages of Ladoga Lake under pollution and antropogenous eutrophication" Voprosy Ikhtiologii [J. Ichthyol.] 37 (2) pp. 272-275.
Pravdin, I. F. (1954). "Whitefishes of Karelo-Finskaya SSR" Mosow-Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Academy of Sceince of USSR.
Kuderskiy, L. A. and Pechnikov, A. S. (2002). "Dinamics of fish assemblage" V. A. Rumyantsev and V. G. Drabkova (Ed.) Ladoga Lake: the past present, future ( pp. 224-237 ) St. Petersburg: Nauka.
Kvasov, D. D. (1975). "Late Quaternary history of large lakes and continental seas of eastern Europe" Leningrad: Nauka.
Kvasov, D. D. (1990) History of Ladoga, Onega, Pskovsko-Chudskoye, Baikal and Khanka lakes Nauka : Leningrad
Bogutskaya, N. G. (2001). "A revision of Altai osmans of the genus Oreoleuciscus (Cyprinidae: Leuciscinae) with a description of a new species, O. angusticephalus, from River Kobdo (Hovd) system, West Mongolia" New contributions to freshwater fish research ( (Vol. 287, pp. 5-44 ) St. Petersburg: Proc. Zool. Inst. RAS.
Bogutskaya, N. G.;Naseka, A. M. (2004). "Catalogue of agnathans and fishes of fresh and brackish waters of Russia with comments on nomenclature and taxonomy" Moscow: KMK Scientific Press Ltd..
Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification" Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11 pp. 1633–1644.
FEOW
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Equitable (distributive/restorative) practical sharing of natural/material and social (non-material) resources and their community-centered management can reduce inequality and its various manifestations, for example, violence and crime in its many glocal forms, from civil conflicts in general down to domestic and other local violence, organized or not. From the interplaying perspective of public international law and the field perspective, this presentation proposes practical modalities for a more harmonious process of "Delivering as one," the UN SDG mandate which responds to the contemporary needs of interreligious and inter-civilizational dialogue (ID). In particular, the statement: (a) advocates equitable (distributive/restorative) practices for sharing of natural/material and social (non-material) resources and their community-centered management; (b) identifies potential secular/ID synergies between 17 draft UN SDGs and suggests how they can be advanced through the ID. The ID may autonomously contribute to and facilitate the intergenerational SDG peace-oriented equity process by countering socio-economic inequality/exclusion through promoting in a positive way more equitable distribution of material and non-material resources. The ID partner non-governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) may identify practical modalities and synergies between non-secular and secular actors for the target groups addressed by the SDGs. Because of that ECOSOC status, those non-governmental organizations are formally involved in the implementation of the UN Charter; hence they are officially a part of the mandate of the Organization. There is a need to connect words with deeds through the ID for the amelioration of poverty.
Since people in all cultures have a set of beliefs that go beyond both the self and the natural world, religious beliefs among them have a strong influence on the culture of living together in a community. Indeed, the UNESCO report notes that, for many people around the world, religious beliefs are central to their culture and provide the moral codes by which they live. Even where people in the contemporary world believe that the traditional beliefs of their parents and societies are not so relevant to their everyday lives, underlying religious beliefs about human dignity and how to relate to other people and the Earth are still important parts of their lives, and those of succeeding generations.
In the above intergenerational and intercultural context set out not only by the various intergovernmental organizations, but shared as well by non-governmental organizations, this paper identifies potential synergies between the draft 17 UN sustainable development goals and the matching contributions that can be made via the UN interreligious and inter-civilizational dialogue (ID), pursued by the UN Secretary-General since 2005, and as of 2010, mandated by General Assembly resolution 65/7. What follows in this paper is an attempt to interrelate the ID with other parts of positive public international law (statutory and customary).
In its evolving since then, UN ecumenism has served the progressive implementation of the UN Charter, including its provisions on international technical cooperation and humanitarian assistance. They both practically contribute to the UN way of non-secular modernization. Thanks to those non-secular and secular currents (more often than not very subtle), "justice" within the UN purview may be motivated, if not powered, by them. The draft SDGs are a case in point. They show the Organization's own intercultural and aspirational place for "justice" (a part of "peace and security").
The same report further notes potential religious ambiguities in times of conflict that may further worsen it through the instrumental role of religious interpretation. The report calls the FBOs to work for the reversal of the role, so that the religious actors and interpretations can provide solutions to conflicts.
32. Special measures should be taken to ensure meaningful access to legal aid for women, children and groups with special needs, including, but not limited to, the elderly, minorities, persons with disabilities, persons with mental illnesses, persons living with HIV and other serious contagious diseases, drug users, indigenous and aboriginal people, stateless persons, asylum seekers, foreign citizens, migrants and migrant workers, refugees and internally displaced persons. Such measures should address the special needs of those groups, including gender-sensitive and age-appropriate measures.
33. States should also ensure that legal aid is provided to persons living in rural, remote and economically and socially disadvantaged areas and to persons who are members of economically and socially disadvantaged groups.
"Justice" and "Dignity" as a developmental leitmotif.
Economic development has since the 1820s globally yielded in GDP US$ per capita terms a sixth-fold, and since 1900 an eight-fold improvement in people's quality of life (there are now respectively 6 to 8 rich to 1 poor vis à vis 6 to 8 poor to 1 rich).[xvii] It is now intended to move up the poorest ones on the UN Millennium Development/Sustainable Development standard of life scale for the years 2000-2030 from US $ 1 to 1.25. Although the reformists' ID advancements cannot be measured by per capita dollar impact on the well-being of people, there is statistical evidence by the World Bank that inequity has a substantial adverse impact on people's well-being.[xviii] Hence there is little doubt that restorative justice practices are the way to go forward. In this regard, the ID should be an interface between the civil society and government.
At the cost of belaboring the obvious, before ID serves as such an interface in the intergovernmental SDG agenda for the above goal, one pre-condition must be squarely faced. Because ID and multiculturalism both rest on the essential similarities and, paradoxically, differences everywhere, implementing and creating new ID-abiding commitments within this "unity in diversity" premise has its religious limit. And this limit is narrower than a secular one.
But there are two ways through which one and another may be separated without genuinely disturbing their status quo. First, by setting aside conservative local custom from faith; second by modifying conservative local custom and encouraging religious leaders to convey through Environmental Justice (EJ) instrumentalities the aspirations for equity by a constructive settlement of disputes and intergenerational learning.
Regarding the first approach, for a long time local custom and faith had a conservative stance regarding female genital mutilation (FGM) and femicide. By the UN action (General Assembly resolutions included), conditions have been created for the interreligious and inter-civilizational dialogue partners to disconnect custom from religion. Moreover, under the UN and other auspices, the respective educational technical assistance is provided to governments confronted with customary law practices of the above kind.
Regarding the second approach, EJ is the strongest, the most essential, viable and progressive current involved in the protection of our mother – planet Earth. In comparison with gender mainstreaming (GM) which has its separate roots in the United Nations ideology, advancing women's rights issues through EJ, offers a better avenue for negotiations (including the ID) for balancing almost any resource equality and equity than "stand-alone" GM can.
The EJ road may help the ID partners to overcome conservative SDGs attitudes not only regarding women – after all, the providers of basic care, but also general public participation in the implementation of the SDGs. The harmonizing of secular and non-secular SDGs' approaches modeled after the EJ may enjoy a great public acceptability, so there indeed may be a chance that the dignity issues will proliferate effectively and positively on other walks of life, even in the short term. Given that a 15-year time is a short term in comparison with thousand-year-old non-secular and secular beliefs and practices, choosing the EJ as a driver for proliferating the precepts and policies of "Rio+20" sustainable development across the UN agenda seems to be one of the least contentious strategies for the prosperous future of humanity.
One needs to review, inventorize, discuss and reassess in light of the forthcoming SDGs, what kind of complementary ID initiatives endorsing or/and supporting "Justice," "Dignity" and the other UN four elements of sustainable development are there that already render support for sustainable livelihood. There are numerous such initiatives to feed the hungry, visit the sick and imprisoned, improve access to water and electricity, help pregnant mothers, educate girls and boys, assist the homeless, treat the drug-dependent and so on. In each and every such instance the communication with a target group may or not carry the connotation of ameliorating the conditions of the poorest in the name of restorative justice that through face-to-face encounters not only assists in problem solving but also for improving people's capacities for generating self-sustained initiatives unlocking their cycle of poverty. One needs to connect words with deeds through interfaith collaboration for the amelioration of poverty.
Dr. Slavomir Redo is the Senior Programme Advisor to the Academic Council on the United Nations System. He is a visiting lecturer at the Faculty of Law, University of Vienna, and a professor of Criminology at Lazarski University in Warsaw, Poland. He worked in the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, and was involved in technical assistance activities and projects implementing the United Nations crime prevention and criminal justice standards and norms. From 1980 to 2010, he was involved in preparations for the United Nations crime prevention and criminal justice congresses, and took part in the related meetings of the United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice and the General Assembly, including the implementation of their outcomes.
[i] World Commission on Culture and Development, "Our Creative Diversity," UNESCO, Paris 1996, p. 14.
[ii] S. Redo, M. Platzer, "The United Nations' Role in Crime Control and Prevention," in J. Albanese, R. Reichel (eds.), Handbook of Transnational Crime and Justice, Los Angeles – London – New Delhi – Singapore – Washington, DC, 2013, pp. 292-294.
[iii] The United Nations Conference on International Organization. In: Documents of the United Nations Conference on International Organization, London-New York, vol. 1, p. 504.
[iv] UNFPA, Religion and Development Post-2015, United Nations, New York 2014, pp. vi, 11 and 17.
[vi] General Assembly resolution 67/187, United Nations Principles and Guidelines on Access to Legal Aid in Criminal Justice Systems (Annex), 20 December 2012.
[vii] Ibid., para. 9 (Annex).
[viii] "The universal idea or concept, the universal feeling or emotion…given a local habitation and a name" (J. E. Walsh, Intercultural Education in the Community of Man, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press 1973, p. 106).
[ix] International Court of Justice, Case Concerning the Continental Shelf (ICJ Reports 1982, p. 60, para. 71).
[x] M. Bos, A Methodology of International Law, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1984, ch. 1.
[xi] P. Vibha (2005), "Faith, Equity and Development," IDS. www.eldis.org. Accessed 25th February 2015, cited in the World Bank Development Report 2006, p. 76.
[xii] A/61/583, "Delivering as One," Report of the High-level Panel on United Nations System-wide Conference in the areas of development, humanitarian assistance and the environment, 20 November 2006, para. 4.
[xiii] A/66/749, Delivering Justice as One: Programme of action to strengthen the rule of law at the national and international levels, 16 March 2012, para. 23.
[xiv] A/RES/67/1, Declaration of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Rule of Law at the National and International Levels, 30 November 2012.
[xvi] A/68/970, Report of the Open Working Group of the General Assembly on Sustainable Development Goals, 12 August 2014.
[xvii] D. Acemoglu, "The World Our Grandchildren will Inherit: The Rights Revolution and Beyond," NBER Working Paper No. 17994 (April 2012), http://www.nber.org/papers/w17994.
[xviii] World Development Report 2006, Washington, D.C., 2005, pp. 76-88.
[xix] UNFPA, op. cit., p. xi.
[xxi] This envisioning was inspired by the EJ contribution of Ms. Tamara Mitrofanenko to the forthcoming handbook by H. Kury, S. Redo, E. Shea (eds), "Women and Children as Victims and Offenders: Background – Prevention – Reintegration. Suggestions for Succeeding Generations," Springer 2015.
[xxii] This presentation does not include benchmarks or indicators for measuring the work's progress. This requires their separate consideration in light of the approach to be eventually agreed upon by Member States.


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Dr. Peli of Schepens Eye Research Institute Elected SPIE Fellow
The International Society for Optical Engineering will honor 56 new Fellows of the Society this year.
New Type of Diode Laser
A new type of diode laser, called the quantum cascade laser (QCL), may eventually change this situation. Diode lasers are inherently compact and suitable for mass-production, which has led to their widespread and low-cost use in everyday products, including CD and DVD players.
Funding Decisions for 1st Round of Excellence Initiative Made
Funding decisions for the first round of the Excellence Initiative have been made. After a total of 88 proposals for the three funding lines were evaluated and discussed by international review panels and the Joint Co...
New Compact, Inexpensive Method for Stabilizing Lasers
A compact, inexpensive method for stabilizing lasers that uses a new design to reduce sensitivity to vibration and gravity 100 times better than similar approaches has been demonstrated by scientists at JILA.
Researchers Punch Through Clouds to Improve Laser Communications
Just as clouds block the sun, they interfere with laser communications systems, but Penn State researchers are using a combination of computational methods to find the silver lining and punch through the clouds.
Near-Infrared Optics and MRI Combined to Diagnose Breast Cancer
By combining two techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and near-infrared optics, researchers at Dartmouth College and Dartmouth Medical School may have devised a new, potentially more accurate method for diagnosin...
New Laser-Silicon Hybrid Computer Chip
Researchers have created a new laser-silicon hybrid computer chip that can produce laser beams that will make it possible to use laser light rather than wires to send data between chips, removing the most significant bottleneck in computer design.
Lasers and Fiber-Optics to Improve Atomic Clocks
Time and frequency information can be transferred between laboratories or to other users in several ways, often using the Global Positioning System (GPS). But today's best atomic clocks are so accurate—neith...
ASU Tackles Solar Energy
ASU scientists Rudy Diaz and Stuart Lindsay will lead a research group on a three-year, $1.1 million grant from the National Science Foundation for an innovative project designed to break through the current technological hurdles of solar energy.
Lunar Liquid Mirror Telescopes
An international team including researcher Ermanno Borra, from Université Laval's Center for Optics, Photonics, and Laser, has taken another step toward building a liquid telescope on the moon. The resear...
Conference to Profile Advances in Optics for Biotechnology, Medicine and Surgery
The primary goal of this conference is to bring together scientists, engineers, and clinicians interested in the application of optics to biotechnology, medicine, and surgery. In addition to formal presentations, this...
Powerful Adaptive Optics Pinpoints Supermassive Black Holes in Colliding Galaxies
Astronomers have used powerful adaptive optics technology at the W. M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii to reveal the precise locations and environments of a pair of supermassive black holes at the center of an ongoing collisi...
Adaptive Optics Help Find Supermassive Black Holes
Astronomers have discovered the exact location and makeup of a pair of supermassive black holes at the center of a collision of two galaxies more than 300 million light years away. Using adaptive optics (AO), which c...
Medical Optics
NanoOptics
Photovoltaics and Solar Cells


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Ibaraki wins on debut
New Zealand-bred gelding Ibaraki (NZ) (Darci Brahma) made the perfect start to his racing career on Wednesday running away for an impressive victory in the Vinery Stud Plate (1100m) at Canterbury.
The son of Darci Brahma had easily won a trial only five days earlier and justified the short odds ($1.50) to come out an impressive 1.69 length winner.
Co-trainer Michael Hawkes said the three-year-old has a bright future ahead of him.
"He only had the one trial going back a while (ago) but he trialled really good that day and we looked after him and put him away," he said.
"He's just a big, raw sort of horse. He only trialled last week and he did everything right.
"Today he was a little bit tardy away. He had to do a little bit of work to get across and once he relaxed he came back nice.
"He's a big, strapping sort of horse, but more to the point, he's still a baby and he doesn't really know what he's doing yet.
"I think as preps go on, you're going to find a nice horse. He's definitely got the makings to be something."
After a slow dispatch jockey Tommy Berry urged the Ibaraki into a prominent position, sitting outside of the leader in running.
He eased his way into the lead with 250m to go, and when Berry pushed the button, he gapped his competitors and cruised to an easy win.
Berry said the son of Darci Brahma will be better suited to a bigger track.
"He's a horse we've always had a lot of time for, he's been given time to mature," he said.
"Today, thinking back on it, was the first time he's been let off the bridle. In both of his trials he's been well held on to because they've been on tracks that have been a bit chopped up.
"Sometimes on these tight tracks, they don't get around them, they don't feel as comfortable on them. But say you put them on Randwick with a soft track and let them travel for a bit longer, they let down and feel a lot more comfortable on soft ground.
"He's definitely going to go through the classes and he'll be better on a bigger track."
Ibaraki was purchased by Garry Carvell under his Hiwi Bloodstock banner at the 2019 Ready To Run Sale when consigned by Kilgravin Lodge. He won his only trial in New Zealand when successful in his 800m heat at Matamata in March last year when under the care of Cambridge trainer Shane Crawford.
-NZ Racing News


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Якубхер — третій гіксоський фараон з XV династії.

Життєпис
Бувши спадкоємцем Шеші, що установив міцну владу гіксосів над Нижнім Єгиптом, Якубхер правити, зберігаючи статус-кво у стосунках з Фівами.

Від часів правління Якубхера залишились тільки скарабеї із зображенням імені фараона. Запис про Якубхера у Туринському папірусі пошкоджений, тому єгиптологам поки не вдалось визначити точну тривалість його правління. Думка фахівців збігається на тому, що Якубхер правив вісім чи одинадцять років.

Ім'я Якубхера іноді використовують для обґрунтування теорій про можливе входження ізраїльтян до племінного союзу гіксосів. Трапляються твердження, що ототожнюють його зі старозаповітним Йосипом. Джеймс Генрі Брестед, не виключаючи цілком належності Якубхера до роду Якова, відзначав ризикованість подібних припущень.

Примітки

Джерела
 Эрлихман В. В.: Правители мира

Фараони за алфавітом
П'ятнадцята династія єгипетських фараонів
XVII століття до н. е.


Since I have no idea who reads this, but I'm sure someone I don't know does, I will briefly who Jian Ghomeshi is. Ghomeshi is a well known Canadian who gained early, though brief, fame with an a cappella band and later became involved with CBC, Canada's national broadcaster. He co-founded the radio show Q in 2007 which has become a very popular show for CBC and, as I understand it, has been syndicated to the US. So firing him was kind of a big deal for the CBC.
But that was what the CBC felt they had to do when allegations of sexual violence came to light. Ghomeshi tried to get out in front of the allegations by hiring a PR firm and writing a lengthy post on Facebook that said that he was going to be falsely accused of things. When the next day he was accused by three anonymous women, and then the next day it was eight, it strained credulity to believe this was really a conspiracy against him. Now women have started putting their names and faces to the stories and his PR firm has dropped him, so it's manifestly unreasonable to believe his version of events.
So Jian Ghomeshi likes to hit women. This is done, according to him, as part of some kind of consensual sexual activity, and I think it remains to be seen how much he believes that, but it certainly doesn't remain to be seen whether that is true - it is not true.
When I read Ghomeshi's facebook post, I thought he'd have to be a real sociopath to write that if he had actually sexually assaulted women. I feel like I can probably stand by that.
This and other recent events are bringing a lot of attention to how hard it is to come forward when someone has been violent towards you. Lucy DeCoutere, one of the women Ghomeshi has assaulted, said "I thought I'd be destroyed." This is a great conversation to be having. It's staggering to me that people don't understand how difficult this can be, especially when the person you would be accusing is famous and well-liked.
People at the CBC knew about this before the last few weeks. People who knew Ghomeshi knew about this. The CBC did not fire Ghomeshi because he likes to beat up women, they fired him because the public was going to find out that he likes to beat up women. From their perspective this makes sense - his public image is a product that they sell. I also don't think the is a moral high ground in firing people for doing terrible things when they aren't at work because that's just sweeping the terrible under the rug. But what did they do? Who talked to Ghomeshi about this? Did any of his friends, family or co-workers who knew say anything?
It doesn't seem likely Ghomeshi picked this up at the age of 36. More stories are probably coming.
Don't lie to your PR firm. Why hire a PR firm and lie to them?
A lot of people jumped to Ghomeshi's defense immediately after he posted his facebook explainer only to retract and apologize later. None of these people should have doubted that Ghomeshi is capable of sexual assult.
About one in five men - and about one in seven women - are abusive to domestic or sexual partners. I would bet most of us know at least one person who we are really sure would never sexually assault anyone. You know, someone we really, actually know rather than a radio host we feel like we know. There are some people who just don't seem to have aggression in them in that way, or who just show too much empathy to believe that they would be so cruel to someone. I don't think it's impossible to judge other people's character.
But there is a very good chance you don't know which among your friends, classmates or colleagues makes up part of that approximately 17% of people. What you can know is that one-in-six is too many people for them not to be around you all the time. It's too many for you to not have that classmate or that co-worker or that friend. It's really too many for your to not have those classmates and those co-workers.
When we hear that someone has been accused of a sexual assault, we'll be tempted to think, "Oh, not them," but we should remember to think, "If not them, then who?" because we know this is going on all around us and a staggering proportion of the population is involved. If you think no one you know is an abuser, stop and remind yourself that that almost certainly isn't true.
If we lived in a society where only 1 in 1000 people committed domestic abuse then it would be plausible that you actually don't know an abuser, that you don't say hi to an abuser in the morning and that you never go get coffee or lunch with an abuser. But we're a long way off from that.


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Our attorneys stay on top of changes in legislation, agency regulations, case law, and industry trends—then craft timely legal alerts to keep clients up to date on legal developments important to their business.
The Scope of Reportable Lobbying in New York Just Expanded
In its first advisory opinion in two years, the Joint Commission on Public Ethics ("JCOPE") has revisited the definition of lobbying in New York and expanded the notion of reportable activities. Given the heightened awareness in Albany and elsewhere across New York regarding corruption and those that are attempting to influence public officials, JCOPE's new and expansive interpretation of the Lobbying Act is not surprising. It also is not unexpected that JCOPE's new opinion is being both hailed and criticized by the regulated community. Indeed, even some members of the Commission voted to reject the advisory opinion and its expansive reading of the Lobbying Act.
The concept of lobbying, and thus what is covered by the Lobbying Act and reportable, has been a moving target in New York for decades. The Lobbying Act itself has been amended on more than one occasion and the agency charged with its enforcement has been reinvented too many times to count. In many cases, the "attempt to influence" has been in the eye of the beholder causing many to disclaim that their activities were not reportable lobbying. Moreover, little guidance on the Lobbying Act exists and the majority that is available was issued by JCOPE's predecessor agencies and often based on outdated versions of the Lobbying Act. Enforcement also has not always been consistent or wide-ranging. The combined result has been somewhat inconsistent interpretations by the regulated community of what is and is not lobbying, with some over-reporting and others disclaiming any need to register and report their activities under the Lobbying Act. This should now change, at least in two discrete circumstances.
In its newest advisory opinion adopted on January 26, 2016, entitled Reporting obligations under the Lobbying Act for a party who is compensated for consulting services in connection with lobbying activity, JCOPE takes a fresh look at the services provided by "consultants," including communications and media relations, community organizing, coalition building, strategic planning, social media, grassroots advocacy and electoral campaigns. In doing so, JCOPE focuses on two principal activities performed by consultants – facilitating direct lobbying with a public official and orchestrating grassroots lobbying campaigns directed to the public.
With respect to the first consultant activity – enabling direct lobbying, JCOPE expressly recognizes that "the scope of the Lobbying Act is limited to those circumstances defined as lobbying in the Lobbying Act." However, it goes on to note that "advocacy has evolved[,]" such that it is revisiting activities "clearly within the ambit of the Lobbying Act, but not [ ] previously considered." It then concludes that "any direct interaction with a public official in connection with an advocacy campaign, including preliminary communications to facilitate or enable the eventual substantive advocacy" must be reported as lobbying under the Lobbying Act. JCOPE's rationalizes that, regardless of what one calls him/herself, when an individual communicates with a public official, "for the purpose of enabling the client to explicitly advocate before the public official[,]" lobbying has begun because but for the individual's access, the subsequent advocacy could not have occurred.
The take away for consultants and their clients is that reportable lobbying begins at the first contact with a public official, even if that contact is merely an introduction to the client or limited to merely setting up a future meeting for the client. It also includes the consultant's attendance at a subsequent lobbying meeting (or participation in a conference call) with a public official even if the consultant's role is limited to making introductions or observing the discussions.
Regarding grassroots lobbying, advisory opinions from JCOPE's predecessor agencies declared that lobbying did not require direct interaction with a public official but could occur through calls to action urging the public to contact a public official. In this new advisory opinion, JCOPE seeks to account for the 2011 amendments to the Lobbying Act that have expanded the definition of lobbying to include attempts to influence the introduction or intended introduction of legislation. In doing so, JCOPE finds that a grassroots communication does not need to reference a bill number, specific rulemaking or executive order to be reportable. Rather, the communication needs only to relate to one of the enumerated governmental actions covered by the Lobbying Act (e.g., legislation pending before the State legislation, the adoption of an executive order, rulemaking by a state agency, etc.) to constitute reportable lobbying. Thus, a grassroots communication will be deemed to constitute lobbying if it simply references, suggests or otherwise implicates one of the enumerated government actions covered by the Lobbying Act, takes a position on the issue in question, and attempts to influence a public official through a call to action.
With this expanded understanding of grassroots lobbying, JCOPE reaffirms that a consultant's activity on a grassroots campaign is reportable lobbying if the consultant controlled the delivery of the grassroots communication and had input into the message's content. "Control" of the delivery requires the consultant's participation in the actual delivery of the grassroots communication, whether it be in writing or verbally. This would include, for example, any attempt to induce a third-party, including the public and media outlets, to deliver the client's lobbying message to a public official. In turn, "input" on the content means the consultant's participation in the message's formation, which is something more than mere proof reading but less than full decision-making authority.
Bottom line, although the statutory definition of lobbying itself has not changed, JCOPE has taken a proactive look at what activities constitute lobbying in this new advisory opinion and expanded the definition beyond what many had considered reportable lobbying since the Lobbying Act first became law decades ago. With the increased awareness of attempts to influence public officials, all direct and indirect interactions with public officials should be closely scrutinized to determine if they are reportable or not.
If you have any questions about this alert or for more information on lobbying compliance, please contact Yvonne E. Hennessey, the chair of our Lobbying Compliance & Election Law Practice Area at 518-429-4293 or yhennessey@barclaydamon.com.
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After multiple lacklustre seasons, Tyreke Evans has managed to put things together with the Memphis Grizzlies, 7 years removed from his historical rookie season.
With the Grizz, Evans has turned into a force off of the bench, averaging his highest points per game total (19.4) since his rookie campaign, and on pretty good efficiency too.
That's why, given the Grizzlies' current situation, Evans has become one of the hottest trade targets this season.
Due to his comeback year, the lack of wins for Memphis — they currently sit at 12th in the West with a 17-31 record — and the news that starting point guard Mike Conley will be missing the rest of the season after undergoing surgery, Memphis has put out feelers to try and get something of value for Tyreke while his value is high, and they may have a customer already waiting in line.
That's right, the Eastern Conference leaders may be looking at a move for Evans, which is a scary prospect.
Tyreke is already a star off the bench for Memphis — in the contention for the Sixth Man of the Year award — and adding a player like that to Brad Stevens' squad will only strengthen their second unit.
It also helps that the Celtics severely lack bench scoring this season as well.
Adding a 19.4 PPG scorer and capable defender to their bench alongside Terry Rosier, Marcus Smart and Marcus Morris would do wonders for Boston when Kyrie, Tatum and Horford are on the bench, which could be especially useful to give the starters a few less minutes during the tail end of the season to keep them well rested for the playoffs.
Obviously, nothing is set in stone as of right now, but it's looking increasingly likely that Evans could be suiting up in Green before the deadline.


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Home > Blog > [News]: Study Shows How Prebiotics Boost Metabolism
[News]: Study Shows How Prebiotics Boost Metabolism
by Gundry MD Team | Jun 12, 2017 | Comments
Adding inulin-type fructans, a kind of fructose molecule, could actually improve gut function, according to a new study published in the medical journal Gut. The fructans are classified as prebiotics, or ingredients that aren't digestable, but help grow beneficial microorganisms within the gut. Let's explore how prebiotics and metabolism are related…
Researchers from France and Belgium looked into how the endothelium, or the layer of cells that line blood vessels, dysfunctions and what it means for cardiovascular diseases. The study could help humans in the future, the authors wrote.
"[O]ur findings pave the way for innovative therapeutic approaches in prevention of human vascular dysfunction, for which no treatment has been successfully proposed so far," the researchers said.
In a mouse model, the researchers observed mice with a diet that was depleted of omega-3s. The reduced omega-3s caused vascular dysfunction, where the blood vessels weren't functioning properly.
The researchers then created two groups with the same diet, with one exception. One group had a diet that included inulin-type fructans, while the other did not.
The fructans were linked to higher numbers of bacteria that produced nitric oxide, which helps improve blood flow. In addition to the nitric oxide, there was a "replenishment" of a bacteria called Akkermansia, which has been associated with fighting obesity.
"We demonstrate for the first time that [inulin-type fructans] improve endothelial dysfunction, implicating a short-term adaptation of both gut microbiota and key gut peptides," the researchers said. "If confirmed in humans, prebiotics could be proposed as a novel approach in the prevention of metabolic disorders-related cardiovascular diseases."
The prebiotics decreased bacteria associated with bile acid production, as well as changed the way genes worked in the gut and liver. The researchers said that while mice and humans are obviously different, the study is an important step in helping to understand prebiotics and metabolism.
"There are certainly differences between humans and mice concerning the gut microbiota composition, but it is rather interesting to point out that similar bacterial changes occur in both humans and mice upon prebiotic intervention," the researchers wrote.
The study authors added that their data supports the concept that changing gut microbiota has an influence on intestinal functions that are involved with cardiometabolic health. The findings could lead to helping humans with managing health issues, the researchers said.
"If the positive impact of [inulin-type fructans] on endothelial dysfunction is confirmed in human studies, they could be proposed as a novel approach in the prevention and the management of metabolic disorders-related cardiovascular diseases," the researchers wrote.
Glenn Gibson, professor of Food Microbiology and head of Food Microbial Sciences at the University of Reading in the U.K., said the study's data is promising.
"As the authors acknowledge, these data need to be repeated in humans – which would be the definitive test of success," said Gibson, who was not involved with the study. "However, the study holds much promise moving forward and the research is also driven by a mechanistic rather than observational, outlook."
[NEWS]: Pu-erh Tea Shows Promise in Fighting Metabolic Syndrome
Larch Fiber: An Incredible Prebiotic to Help Heal Your Gut
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[NEWS]: Study Links Inflammation to Frailty Late in Life


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Abuse Wiki
Rape trauma syndrome
Wikipedia origin, All articles with unsourced statements, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2010,
Feminism and the arts
Feminism and health
Female body shape
IMPORTANT:This page has used Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia in either a refactored, modified, abridged, expanded, built on or 'straight from' text content! (view authors)
File:Bouguereau venus detail.jpg
Woman, as represented in Birth of Venus by William-Adolphe Bouguereau, 1879.
Female body shape is the cumulative product of a woman's skeletal structure (her build) and the quantity and distribution of muscle and fat on the body. There are, and have been, wide differences on what should be considered an ideal or preferred body shape, both for attractiveness and for health reasons. These have varied among cultures simultaneously. As with most physical traits, there is a wide range of normality of female body shapes.
Human beings and their cultures have perennially focused attention on the female body as a source of aesthetic pleasure, sexual attraction, fertility, and reproduction.
The female body occurs in a range of shapes. The female figure is typically narrower at the waist than at the bust and hips, and usually has one of four basic shapes: banana, pear, apple, or hourglass. The bust, waist, and hips are called inflection points, and the ratios of their circumferences define these basic shapes. Usually, the bust area will depend on the person's weight and height.
1 Inflection points
2 Female shapes
3 "Dimensions"
4 Changes to body shape
5 Alteration of body shape
6 Social and health issues
6.1 Waist-hip ratio
6.2 Female body image
6.3 Media impact on body image
Inflection points
See also: BWH
File:Bodyshapes.svg
The four most common female body shapes: banana, apple, pear, and hourglass
A woman's bust, waist, and hips are her physical inflection points, and the ratios of their circumferences, are used to define her basic shape.[citation needed] These are sometimes described as banana, pear, apple or hourglass shapes,[citation needed] though other shortcut terms are also used.
The bust is measured across the fullest part of a woman's breasts, generally across the nipple line when wearing a properly-fitting brassiere (see: Brassiere measurements); the waist is measured at the smallest circumference of the abdomen; and the hips are measured at the largest circumference of the hips and buttocks.
It is said that the female body usually inflects inward towards the waist around the middle of the abdomen between the costal margins and the pelvic crests.[citation needed] The waist is typically smaller than the bust and hips, unless there is a high proportion of body fat distributed around the waist. How much the bust or hips inflect inward, towards the waist determines a woman's structural shape. The hourglass shape is considered by many to be the Western conception of the ideal or usual female shape,[citation needed] though in practice only about 8% of women have the hourglass shape.[1]
Female shapes
File:Ingres, The source.jpg
The Source, Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, 1856
Independent of fat percentage, weight or width, female body shapes are categorised into one of four elementary geometric shapes,[1] though there are very wide ranges of actual sizes within each shape:
Apple (triangle downward)
Apple shaped women have broad(er) shoulders compared to their (narrower) hips.[1] Women of this body type have (much) higher androgen levels compared to women with other body types[citation needed]. Because of this high androgen level, the skeleton develops in a very masculine pattern. Apple shaped women tend to have slim legs/thighs, while the abdomen and chest look out of proportion compared to the rest of the body. Fat is mainly distributed in the abdomen, chest, and face.
Banana or straight (rectangular)
The waist measurement is less than 9 inches smaller than the hips or bust measurement.[1] The body has a relatively high androgen level compared to the estrogen level[citation needed]; this causes the skeleton to develop in a bit more masculine pattern and body fat to be distributed predominantly in the abdomen, buttocks, chest, and face. This overall fat distribution creates the typical ruler (straight) shape.
Pear or spoon or bell (triangle upward)
The hip measurement is greater than the bust measurement.[1] The distribution of fat varies, with fat tending to deposit first in the buttocks, hips, and thighs. As body fat percentage increases, an increasing proportion of body fat is distributed around the waist and upper abdomen. The women of this body type tend to have a (relatively) larger rear, robust thighs, and a small(er) bosom.
File:Mohini in Belur temple.jpg
Mohini an avatar of Vishnu shows an hourglass body shape.
Hourglass shape. (triangles opposing, facing in)
The hip and bust are almost of equal size with a narrow waist.[1] Body fat distribution tends to be around both the upper body and lower body. This body type enlarges the arms, chest, hips, and rear before other parts, such as the waist and upper abdomen.
A study of over 6,000 women carried out by researchers at the North Carolina State University around 2005 found that 46% were banana (rectangular), just over 20% pear, just under 14% apple, and 8% hourglass.[1] Another study has found "that the average woman's waistline had expanded by six inches since the 1950s" and that today women are taller and have bigger busts and hips than those of the 1950s.[1]
"Dimensions"
A woman's "dimensions" are often expressed by the circumference around the three inflection points. For example, "36-29-38" in imperial units would mean a 36" bust, 29" waist and 38" hips.
A woman's bust measure incorporates her breast size, as reflected in her bra cup size. For example, though the measurements are not consistently applied, a woman with a bra size of 36B has a rib cage of 35-36 inches in circumference (measured under the breasts) and a bust measure of 38 inches; a woman with a bra size 34C has a rib cage of 33-34 inches around, but the same bust measure of 37 inches. However, the woman with a 34C breast size will appear "bustier" because of the apparent difference in bust to ribcage ratio.
Height will also affect the appearance of the figure. A woman who is 36-24-36 at Template:Convert/ft height will look different from a woman who is 36-24-36 at Template:Convert/ft height. Since the taller woman's figure has greater distance between measuring points, she will likely appear thinner or less curvy than her shorter counterpart, again, even though they both have the same BWH ratio and the same weight. This is because the taller woman is actually thinner as expressed by her lower BMI, or body mass index, used to measure body weight in relation to height.
The use of BWH measurements for anything other than garment fitting is thus something of a shell game when applied to social body acceptance and evaluation. BWH is an indicator of fat distribution, not fat percentage.
The British Association of Model Agents (AMA) says that female models should be around 34-24-34 in (86-60-86 cm) and at least Template:Convert/ft tall.[2]
Changes to body shape
The aging process has an inevitable impact on a person's body shape. A woman's sex hormone levels will affect the fat distribution on her body.[3] Concentrations of estrogen will influence where body fat is stored.[4]
Before puberty both males and females have a similar waist-hip ratio.[3] At puberty, a girl's sex hormones, mainly estrogen, will promote breast development and a wider pelvis tilted forward for child bearing, and until menopause a woman's estrogen levels will cause her body to store excess fat in the buttocks, hips and thighs,[4][5] but generally not around her waist, which will remain about the same size as it was before puberty. These factors result in women's WHR being lower than for males. During and after pregnancy, a woman experiences body shape changes. After menopause, with the reduced production of estrogen by the ovaries, there is a tendency for fat to redistribute from a female's buttocks, hips and thighs to her waist or abdomen.[6]
Alteration of body shape
Various strategies are sometimes employed to temporarily or permanently alter the shape of a body. The most common include dieting and exercise.
At times artificial devices are used or surgery is employed. Breast size can be artificially increased or decreased. Falsies, breast prostheses or padded bras may be used to increase the apparent size of a woman's breasts, while minimiser bras may be used to reduce the apparent size. Breasts can be surgically enlarged using breast implants or reduced by the systematic removal of parts of the breasts.
Historically, great efforts have been made to reduce a woman's waist line. The use of boned corsets, for example, was practiced for several centuries. The corset reached its climax during the Victorian era. In twentieth century these corsets were mostly replaced with more flexible/comfortable foundation garments. Where corsets are used for waist reduction, it may be temporary reduction by occasional use or permanent reduction by people who are often referred to as tightlacers. Liposuction and the new and improved method liposculpture are common surgical methods for reducing the waist line.
Padded control briefs or hip and buttock padding may be used to increase the apparent size of hips and buttocks. Buttock augmentation surgery may be used to increase the size of hips and buttocks to make them look more rounded.
Social and health issues
File:Rubens Venus at a Mirror c1615.jpg
Venus at a mirror, Rubens, c. 1615
Each society develops a general perception of what an ideal female body shape would be like. These ideals are generally reflected in the art and literature produced by or for a society, as well as in popular media such as films and magazines. The ideal or preferred female body size and shape has varied over time and continues to vary among cultures;[7] but a preference for a small waist has remained fairly constant throughout history.[8] A low waist-hip ratio has often been seen as a sign of good health and reproductive potential.[9]
A low waist-hip ratio has also often been regarded as an indicator of attractiveness of a woman, but recent research suggests that attractiveness is more correlated to body mass index than waist-hip ratio, contrary to previous belief.[10][11] Historically, according to Devendra Singh,[12] there was a trend for slightly larger women in the 17th and 18th centuries, as typified by the paintings of Rubens, but that in general there has been a preference for a slimmer waist in Western culture. He notes that "The finding that the writers describe a small waist as beautiful suggests instead that this body part - a known marker of health and fertility - is a core feature of feminine beauty that transcends ethnic differences and cultures."[8]
New research suggests that apple-shaped women have the highest risk of developing heart disease, while hourglass-shaped women have the lowest.[13] Diabetes professionals advise that a waist measurement for a woman of over 80 cm increases the risk of heart disease, but that ethnic background also plays a factor. This is because body fat buildup around the waist (the apple shape) poses a higher health risk than a fat buildup at the hips (the pear shape).[14]
Main article: waist-hip ratio
The waist-hip ratio (WHR) is a person's waist measurement divided by the hip measurement. Notwithstanding wide cultural differences in preferences for female build, scientists have discovered that the waist-hip ratio of any build is very strongly correlated to the perception of attractiveness across all cultures.[15] Women with a 0.7 WHR (waist circumference that is 70% of the hip circumference) are usually rated as more attractive by men from European cultures. Such diverse beauty icons as Marilyn Monroe, Sophia Loren, and the Venus de Milo all have ratios around 0.7.[16] In other cultures, preferences vary,[17] ranging from 0.6 in China,[18] to 0.8 or 0.9 in parts of South America and Africa,[19][20][21] and divergent preferences based on ethnicity, rather than nationality, have also been noted.[22][23]
WHR has been found to be a more efficient predictor of mortality in older people than waist circumference or body mass index (BMI).[24]
Female body image
Main article: Body image
Body image refers to the perceptions of a human's own physical appearance, or the internal sense of having a body which is interpreted by the brain. Essentially a person's body image is how they perceive their exterior to look, and in many cases this can be dramatically different from how they actually appear to others. Studies have found that females tend to think more about their body shape and endorse thinner figures than men even into old age.[25] When female undergraduates were exposed to depictions of thin women their body satisfaction decreased, but rose when exposed to larger models.[26][27]
Media impact on body image
See also: Anorexia nervosa
File:Peter Paul Rubens 034.jpg
Women, Rubens, c. 1625
Many commentators regard the emphasis in the media and in the fashion industry on thinness and on an ideal female body size and shape as being psychologically detrimental to the well-being of many young women, and on their self-image which also gives rise to excessive dieting and/or exercise, and to eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa. Sociocultural studies highlight the role of cultural factors in the incidence of anorexia nervosa in women, such as the promotion of thinness as the ideal female form in Western industrialized nations, particularly through the media. A recent epidemiological study of 989,871 Swedish residents indicated that gender, ethnicity and socio-economic status were highly correlated with the chance of developing anorexia nervosa, and women with non-European parents were among the least likely to be diagnosed, while women in wealthy, ethnic Swedish families were most at risk.[28]
A study by Garner and Garfinkel demonstrated that those in professions where there is a particular social pressure to be thin (such as models and dancers) were much more likely to develop anorexia during their career,[29] and further research suggests that those with anorexia have much higher contact with cultural sources that promote weight-loss.[30]
Although anorexia nervosa is usually associated with Western cultures, exposure to Western media is thought to have led to an increase in cases in non-Western countries. But other cultures may not display the same worries about becoming fat as those in the West, and instead may emphasise other common features.
Glossary of shapes with metaphorical names
Human variability
Human body shape
Sexual attraction
Sexual dimorphism
Feminist perspectives on eating disorders
↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 McCormack, Helen. "The shape of things to wear: scientists identify how women's figures have changed in 50 years", The Independent. 21 November 2005.
(Desc: How female body shapes have changed over time)
↑ AMA - AMA code of practice - Getting Started as a Model
↑ 3.0 3.1 (Quote: "body shape is determined by the nature of body fat distribution that, in turn, is significantly correlated with women's sex hormone profile, risk for disease, and reproductive capability")
Devendra Singh, PhD. "An Evolutionary Theory of Female Physical Attractiveness", psichi.org: Spring 2006 issue of Eye on Psi Chi (Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 18–19, 28-31), published by Psi Chi, The National Honor Society in Psychology (Chattanooga, TN).
↑ 4.0 4.1 (Desc: estrogen causes fat to be stored around the pelvic region, hips, butt and thighs) Anne Collins. "Reduce Abdominal Fat", annecollins.com (Accessed November 15, 2008).
↑ Pamela M. Peeke MD, MPH, (Pew Foundation Scholar in Nutrition and Metabolism). "Waistline Worries: Turning Apples Back Into Pears", healthywomen.org (National Women's Health Resource Center). November 15, 2008.
↑ "A Matter of Fat", Yahoo Health provided by Women's Health. 12/01/2006.
(Desc: "Researchers think that the lack of estrogen at menopause play a role in driving fat northward")
↑ Temple University. "Ideal weight varies across cultures, but body image dissatisfaction pervades", physorg.com October 23, 2007.
↑ 8.0 8.1 "Slim waist holds sway in history", BBC NEWS. 10 January 2007.
↑ Khamsi, Roxanne (2007-01-10). "The hourglass figure is truly timeless". NewScientist.com news service. http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn10927.
↑ Tovee MJ, Maisey DS, Emery JL, Cornelissen PL. "Visual cues to female physical attractiveness", Proc Biol Sci. 1999 January 22;266(1415):211-8. PMID: 10097394
↑ Jan M. B. Wilson; Dean A. Tripp; Fred J. Boland. "The relative contributions of waist-to-hip ratio and body mass index to judgements of attractiveness - Sexualities, Evolution & Gender", SEG (Sexualities, Evolution, & Gender) Volume 7, Issue 3 December 2005 , pages 245 - 267. (DOI: 10.1080/14616660500238769) (ISSN: 1479-2508)
↑ Dr Devendra Singh, from the University of Texas, in a study published in a Royal Society Journal.
↑ "Curvier women 'will live longer'", BCC News. 3 June 2005.
↑ Type 2 Diabetes - Your Questions Answered, by Rosemary Walker & Jill Rodgers, ISBN 1-74033-550-3, p 66.
↑ Buss, David (2003) [1994] (hardcover). The Evolution of Desire (second ed.). New York: Basic Books. pp. 55, 56. ISBN 0465077501.
↑ BMI and Waist-hip Ratio: The Magic Number for Health and Beauty
↑ Fisher, M.L.; Voracek M. (June 2006). "The shape of beauty: determinants of female physical attractiveness". J Cosmet Dermatol 5 (2): 190–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2006.00249.x. PMID 17173598.
↑ Dixson, B.J.; Dixson A.F., Li B., Anderson M.J. (January 2007). "Studies of human physique and sexual attractiveness: sexual preferences of men and women in China". Am J Hum Biol 19 (1): 88–95. doi:10.1002/ajhb.20584. PMID 17160976.
↑ Marlowe, F.; Wetsman, A. (2001). "Preferred waist-to-hip ratio and ecology" (PDF). Personality and Individual Differences 30 (3): 481–489. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00039-8. http://www.fas.harvard.edu/%7Ehbe-lab/acrobatfiles/preferred%20waist.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
↑ Marlowe, F.W.; Apicella, C.L. and Reed, D. (2005). "Men's Preferences for Women's Profile Waist-Hip-Ratio in Two Societies" (PDF). Evolution and Human Behavior 26: 458–468. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.07.005. http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~hbe-lab/acrobatfiles/profilewhr.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
↑ Dixson, B.J.; Dixson A.F., Morgan B., Anderson M.J. (June 2007). "Human physique and sexual attractiveness: sexual preferences of men and women in Bakossiland, Cameroon". Arch Sex Behav 36 (3): 369–75. doi:10.1007/s10508-006-9093-8. PMID 17136587.
↑ Freedman, R.E.; Carter M.M., Sbrocco T., Gray JJ. (August 2007). "Do men hold African-American and Caucasian women to different standards of beauty?". Eat Behav 8 (3): 319–33. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2006.11.008. PMID 17606230.
↑ Freedman, R.E.; Carter M.M., Sbrocco T., Gray J.J. (July 2004). "Ethnic differences in preferences for female weight and waist-to-hip ratio: a comparison of African-American and White American college and community samples". Eat Behav. 5 (3): 191–8. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2004.01.002. PMID 15135331.
↑ Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. "Waist-hip Ratio Should Replace Body Mass Index As Indicator Of Mortality Risk In Older People", American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. August 12, 2006.
↑ Ferraro, F. Richard; Muehlenkamp, Jennifer J.; Paintner, Ashley; Wasson, Kayla; Hager, Tracy; Hoverson, Fallon., FR; Muehlenkamp, JJ; Paintner, A; Wasson, K; Hager, T; Hoverson, F (October 2008). "Aging, Body Image, and Body Shape". Journal of General Psychology 135 (4): 379–392, 14p. doi:10.3200/GENP.135.4.379-392. PMID 18959228.
↑ Sonia Tucca; Jennifer Petters, S; Peters, J (2008 Nov). "Media influences on body satisfaction in female students" (PDF). Psicothema 20 (4): 521–4. PMID 18940045. http://www.psicothema.com/pdf/3517.pdf.
↑ Hawkins, Nicole; Richards, P. Scott; Granley, H. Mac; Stein, David M., N; Richards, PS; Granley, HM; Stein, DM (Spring2004). "The Impact of Exposure to the Thin-Ideal Media Image on Women.". Eating Disorders 12 (1): 35–50, 16p, 2 charts. doi:10.1080/10640260490267751. ISSN 10640266. PMID 16864303.
↑ Lindberg L, Hjern A. (2003) "Risk factors for anorexia nervosa: a national cohort study". Int J Eat Disord, 34 (4), 397-408. PMID 14566927
↑ Garner DM, Garfinkel PE. (1980) "Socio-cultural factors in the development of anorexia nervosa." Psychol Med, 10 (4), 647-56. PMID 7208724.
↑ Toro J, Salamero M, Martinez E. (1994) "Assessment of sociocultural influences on the aesthetic body shape model in anorexia nervosa". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 89 (3), 147-51. PMID 8178671.
tl:Hugis ng katawang pambabae
Retrieved from "https://abuse.wikia.org/wiki/Female_body_shape?oldid=25765"
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Articles with unsourced statements from August 2010


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NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL root user without the proper authorisation.
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There are few things quite as simultaneously intoxicating and disorienting as stumbling upon an enjoyable and prolific author you haven't read before. S.M. Stirling has over the past 25 years written or co-written 47 novels and countless short stories. His work stretches all over the genre spectrum from hard science fiction to meticulously researched alternate history to no-trope-left-unmolested urban fantasy. But there are two ideas that form the binary sun about which nearly all of Stirling's stories orbit: The first is a fascination with the relationship between culture and technology, particularly in heretofore unseen combinations of genuine historical examples. And the second, an interesting sort of moral relativism where all systems of ethics are treated as being of basically equal value but which nonetheless allows the existence of real honest-to-badness villains.
Perhaps the perfect place to start reading Steve Stirling is Conquistador. Published in 2003, this standalone novel is set in a world not terribly different from our own. Pocahontas's line lives on and the World Trade Center never fell but, by and large, the course of history is a familiar one — until two California Fish and Game officers (neither of whom would feel particularly out of place in a Dirk Pitt novel) stumble upon a high-volume black market trade in endangered animals. The source, it turns out, is a mysterious portal to an alternate universe, one where Alexander the Great was not poisoned in Babylon, thus providing the butterfly flap that changed everything. Conquistador is rife with characters that are flawed and believable (if a little too true to type), engaged in a great struggle which hinges, as all great struggles do, on matters both vital and petty.
If this sounds only tangentially SF to you, Stirling would like to convince you otherwise. We asked him to comment on alternate history's genre status, particularly on the case John Scalzi made against Quentin Tarantino's film Inglorious Basterds being science fiction.
To really get a full grasp of how expansive Stirling's worlds are, you have to turn from his standalone novels to his lengthier series. The series (or rather trilogy of series) that has garnered him the most attention recently is the Change Cycle. The first trilogy in the cycle, the Nantucket Trilogy, sees the modern island of Nantucket hurled some 3200 years into the past where modern technology and ideas leave the inhabitants both over-equipped and ill-prepared to contend with the full bloom of the world's Bronze Age cultures. These books really draw out Stirling's tremendous love and knowledge of history and, taken on their own, are among the most thrilling time travel romps out there.
The Nantucket Trilogy was followed by the Emberverse Trilogy, which considers the world from which Nantucket disappeared and in which, at the same moment as the island vanished, anything based on technology invented after the Bronze Age suddenly ceased to function. The trilogy provides an interesting counterpoint to the Nantucket series. One explores the interaction between modern technology and Bronze Age civilization, the other Bronze Age technology and modern civilization.
Stirling is now in the process of tying these two trilogies explicitly together with a new six-book series, set in the Emberverse decades after The Change. It takes on the feel of high fantasy in a world where today's society has been relegated to the role of the unknowable ancients who have left behind only ruins and artifacts. The protagonists, most all born after technology suddenly ceased to hum, look on the mythical pre-Change world with a mixture of pity and awe. Mostly, when they hear old folk wax nostalgic for the old ways, they are secretly relieved that they don't have to live in a world of neckties, televisions and treadmills. But in The High King of Montival, the characters find themselves passing through the ruins of Toronto and an entire chapter is devoted to marvelling at the magic of the CN Tower. There's another kind of magic in the world as well, however. The sort of magic that lets Wiccan ceremonies work real sorceries and lets evil minds possess weaker men and brings arcane blades, heavy with prophecy, from a space between worlds — a space that is growing narrower by the day. It is clear that by book six, the worlds of the Nantucket Trilogy and the Emberverse will come crashing together.
Born: Metz RCAF Base, France. 1953.
Most Recent Book: The High King of Montival (The Change series, 2010). The fifth volume in the series, The Tears of the Sun is forthcoming this Fall.
AE Bookshelf is an ongoing series profiling Canadian authors of science fiction. If you are interested in contributing an AE Bookshelf entry, please query editors@aescifi.ca.


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Motoring giant Ford is to triple the number of autonomous test vehicles in its fleet to 30 and will launch a smaller Velodyne Lidar (laser radar), it announced at a series of press conferences at CES 2016.
Lidar devices are large, often roof mounted aids for autonomous cars to help them scan the road ahead and collect data to plot a safer course.
The new Velodyne models are much smaller than typical Lidars and will be fitted into the side view mirrors of Ford's Fusion Hybrid self-drive automobiles.
Alongside Ford's announcement, Bosch also announced that it is working on an autonomous valet-parking element, which will allow drivers to leave their vehicles at a car park entrance, at which point the car will find a suitable space and park itself, by 2018. The car will then be able to drive itself back to the drop-off point upon leaving time.
Bosch chairman, Dr Volkmar Denner, said that drivers trying to find parking spaces account for around 30% of the world's urban congestion.


text:
Here's how Louisville neighborhoods will benefit from nearly $88 million in ARP funds
On Tuesday, the city announced how nearly $88 million in federal funds would be dispersed.
Updated: 6:19 PM EDT Apr 27, 2022
Lauren Adams
THE SCENE. THE COUNTY ATTORNEY WILL DETERMINE IFHA CRGES SHOULD BE FILED. STEPHON: GOOD WEDNESDAY EVENING, I'M STEPHON DINGLE. JENNIFER: AND I'M JENNIFER BAILEYS. THE LATEST ROUND OF AMERICAN RESCUE PLAN FUNDING, TOTALING NEARLY $88 MILLION, WILL FOCUS IONMPROVING LOCAL NEIGHBORHOODS IN LOUISVILLE. STEPHON: OUR LAUREN ADAMS TAKES A CLOSER LOOK AT THE PLACES AND PEOPLE WHO WILL BENEFIT. >> THE PARK AS A FAMILY DESTINATION ON THE WEEKEND OR DAILY BASIS. LAUREN:HA TT CHANGE ONCE THE CHICKASAW PARK POND BECAME POLLUTED. DONOVAN TAYLOR, THFOE ER PRESIDENT OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD FEDERATI, ONAND BENNETT KNOX OF METRO PARKS, FOUGHT FOR YEARS TO GET IT CLEANED UP. NOW, $2.5 MILLION IN FEDERAL FUNDS WILL BUSE ED TO TRANSFORM IT SO IT'S CLEAN FOR CANOESND A FISHERMEN. >> EVERY CHILD NEEDS A CONNECTION TOUT ODOORS. LAUREN: MAYOR FISCHER SAID THEY WOULD FUND ABOUT $88 MILLION TO FOCUS ON CREATING HEALTHY NEIGHBORHOODS, INCLUDING FIXING UP THE TE TENNIS COURTS AND POOLS. AND THIS 11TH STREET BROWNFIELD MAKING ROOM FOR DEVELOPMENT IN A SPOT ABANDONED FOR YEARS. >> IT IS DIRECTLY ACROSS FROM RESIDENTIAL HOUSING. IT IS OSCLE TO U OF L. IT HAS A LOT OF POTENTIAL AND BEEN A BURDEN FOR A LONG TIME. LAUREN: THE PLAN AWARDS NEARLY 5$1 MILLION TO THE LOUISVILLE LIBRARIES INCLUDING $800,000 TO THIS ONE IN PARKLAND THAT HAS BEEN CLOSED SINCE THE 1980'S. >> I THINK IT IS GREAT. IT GIVES THEM SOMEWHERE TO GO. LAUREN: FERN CREEK'S LIBRARY WILL OPEN AND RENOVATIONS WILL BE MADE AT THE MAIN LIBRARY ON YORK .AS FOR THE PORTLAND LOCATION, I WILL BE EXPANDED 4500 FEET. THE DIRECTOR OF THE LIBRARIES SAYS THE FUNDS WILL DIRELYCT AFFECT KIDS WHO A NREOT READING AT GRADE LEVEL. >> TO SEE THEM L AGREEING ON THE ROLE LIBRARIES CAN PLAY IN ADDRESSING THESE PROBLEMS IS EXTREMELY GRATIFYING. LAUREN: DONOVAN TAYLOR SAYS GETTING THE GREEN LIGHTFT AER YEARS OF WAITING WILL BE A GAME CHANGER. >> HOPULLYEF, WE WILL BE ABLE TO T GEFRESHWATER, FRESH FISH, AND ALLOW PEOPLE TO ENJOY THE PARK AND FISHG INAS WELL. LAUREN: LAUREN ADAMS, WLKY NEWS. STEPHON: THANK YOU. FUSND HAVE ALSO BEEN ALLATOCED FOR PUBLIC SAFETY AND PUBLIC HEALTH. 8.5 MILLION DOLLARS IS BEING SET ASIDE FOR YOHUT PROGRAMS TARGETING THOSE 10 TO 24.
The latest round of federal American Rescue Plan funding, totaling nearly $88 million, will focus on improving neighborhoods throughout Louisville.That includes $2.5 million to clean up the long-polluted Chickasaw Park Pond, which is the only flatwater recreational amenity in west Louisville."The park was just a family destination to come and visit," Donovan Taylor, the former president of the Neighborhood Federation, remembered.He and Bennett Knox, the administrator of Natural Areas for Louisville Parks and Recreation, fought for years to get it cleaned up. Now, those federal funds will be used to transform it so it's clean for canoes and fishermen.There will also be an initiative to get more kids outdoors."There's no doubt every child needs a connection to nature," Knox said.More on the funding: Louisville leaders want to use 4th round of ARP funds to improve parks, libraries, healthTuesday, Mayor Greg Fischer announced where the latest round of American Rescue Plan funds would go, and a big focus is on creating healthy neighborhoods. That includes fixing up Iroquois Park's tennis courts at a cost of $500,000, and $5 million to renovate Algonquin and Norton pools.A total of $10 million will go toward cleaning up an 11th Street brownfield, making room for development in a spot that has been abandoned for years."It's right across the street from residential housing, it's close to U of L — it has a lot of potential and it has been a burden on that community for a long time," said Allison Smith, one of the Metro's community engagement strategists and Brownfields manager.The plan also awards nearly $15 million to Louisville's libraries, including $800,000 to re-open one in Parkland. The library there had closed in the 1980s.Fern Creek's library will also re-open thanks to $5 million in funding and renovations will be made at the main library on York Street. The Portland location, meanwhile, will be expanded by 4,500 feet.Affordable housing, public safety: Plan for 2nd round of ARP funds gets final Metro Council approvalLee Burchfield, the director of Louisville's libraries, says the funding will directly affect kids who are not reading at grade level or even graduating."To be able to see elected officials in unison all agree on the role libraries can play in addressing those problems it's extremely gratifying," Burchfield said.Donovan Taylor said getting the green light to clean up the pond, after years of waiting, will be a game-changer."With this $2.5 million, hopefully, we'll be able to get some fresh water, some fresh fish and allow people to enjoy the park and some fishing in the park as well," he said.Funds have also been allocated for public safety and public health. The sum of $8.5 million is being set aside for a youth program targeting young people ages 10-24. It will also give them access to services and programs. And $12.5 million will focus on COVID-19 essentials for the upcoming fiscal year.
The latest round of federal American Rescue Plan funding, totaling nearly $88 million, will focus on improving neighborhoods throughout Louisville.
That includes $2.5 million to clean up the long-polluted Chickasaw Park Pond, which is the only flatwater recreational amenity in west Louisville.
"The park was just a family destination to come and visit," Donovan Taylor, the former president of the Neighborhood Federation, remembered.
He and Bennett Knox, the administrator of Natural Areas for Louisville Parks and Recreation, fought for years to get it cleaned up. Now, those federal funds will be used to transform it so it's clean for canoes and fishermen.
There will also be an initiative to get more kids outdoors.
"There's no doubt every child needs a connection to nature," Knox said.
More on the funding: Louisville leaders want to use 4th round of ARP funds to improve parks, libraries, health
Tuesday, Mayor Greg Fischer announced where the latest round of American Rescue Plan funds would go, and a big focus is on creating healthy neighborhoods. That includes fixing up Iroquois Park's tennis courts at a cost of $500,000, and $5 million to renovate Algonquin and Norton pools.
A total of $10 million will go toward cleaning up an 11th Street brownfield, making room for development in a spot that has been abandoned for years.
"It's right across the street from residential housing, it's close to U of L — it has a lot of potential and it has been a burden on that community for a long time," said Allison Smith, one of the Metro's community engagement strategists and Brownfields manager.
The plan also awards nearly $15 million to Louisville's libraries, including $800,000 to re-open one in Parkland. The library there had closed in the 1980s.
Fern Creek's library will also re-open thanks to $5 million in funding and renovations will be made at the main library on York Street. The Portland location, meanwhile, will be expanded by 4,500 feet.
Affordable housing, public safety: Plan for 2nd round of ARP funds gets final Metro Council approval
Lee Burchfield, the director of Louisville's libraries, says the funding will directly affect kids who are not reading at grade level or even graduating.
"To be able to see elected officials in unison all agree on the role libraries can play in addressing those problems it's extremely gratifying," Burchfield said.
Donovan Taylor said getting the green light to clean up the pond, after years of waiting, will be a game-changer.
"With this $2.5 million, hopefully, we'll be able to get some fresh water, some fresh fish and allow people to enjoy the park and some fishing in the park as well," he said.
Funds have also been allocated for public safety and public health. The sum of $8.5 million is being set aside for a youth program targeting young people ages 10-24. It will also give them access to services and programs. And $12.5 million will focus on COVID-19 essentials for the upcoming fiscal year.


MK Shelly Yechimovich says she would fight "with all her might" a move to join Netanyahu's coalition.
MK Shelly Yechimovich (Zionist Union) made clear on Saturday that if talks between Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu and the chairman of her party, Yitzhak Herzog, lead to her party joining the coalition, she would "fight the move with all my might," as she put it.
Yechimovich stressed that talks between Netanyahu and Herzog harm the party, saying, "The public does not believe us that we really want to present an alternative to Netanyahu because we keep knocking on the door [of his government]."
She refused to personally attack Herzog but admitted that he has a strong desire to join the coalition.
Yechimovich refused to say whether she would run for the leadership of the Labor party in primaries that will be held in ten months.
"I still have not decided whether I will run for party leadership. I will decide to run only if and when I know what I will do the next day – which unions I can form," she said.
Her comments come following reports of renewed coalition talks between Likud and the Zionist Union.
Herzog rejected the reports that talks took place over the Rosh Hashanah holiday, but also refused to commit to not entering Netanyahu's coalition.


Company to focus on generics and consumer products.
After conducting a strategic portfolio review, Ireland-based pharmaceutical company Perrigo has decided to spin off its Prescription Pharmaceuticals business. This move will better position the company to expand its consumer business and more effectively leverage its differentiated generic pharmaceutical products.
Perrigo's Prescription product portfolio includes affordable topical medications for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, including differentiated and diversified generics in multiple dosage forms, such as creams, foams, mousses, gels, liquids and inhalable products.
In whatever form it takes, the separation is expected to be completed during the second half of 2019.


I want to use tor(.exe) + meek bridge as a standalone application, without the Tor browser, but after changing the torrc to use the meek-client instead of meek-client-torbrowser the bootstrapping stucks at 85% when azure meek bridge selected. The meek-client-torbrowser executable fails to start without the Tor browser.
The amazon meek bridge bootstraps and works fine using the meek-client executable.
notice.log (6.9 KB) - added by habib 12 months ago.
The meek client is more and more coupled to the Tor Browser. For a standalone app you may try to use meek_lite with obfs4proxy.
You can try adding -log meek-client.log to the ClientTransportPlugin line, to get some lower-level logs.
Only meek-client-torbrowser is coupled to Tor Browser. meek-client by itself is independent. I think the bug reporter is doing it right. meek-client by itself is basically the same as meek_lite.
Aha, this is #22865. Status code 411 is "length required". This problem was already fixed in meek 0.28, but it looks like Tor Browser is still using meek 0.25.
Unfortunately you won't be able to use the meek-client you have, until I ask to have meek upgraded in Tor Browser. If you cannot wait for another Tor Browser release, you can compile meek-client yourself. It is not very difficult, but you will need to download the Go compiler: https://golang.org/dl/.
Tor Browser 8.0a2 and newer (our alpha releases) include meek 0.29. Grabbing that may be easier than building from source.
Oh, you're right. When I made comment:4 I was in a tor-browser-build directory that I didn't realize was out of date.
For the record meek_lite never got the change that fixes this, so it was busted as well. It should be fixed in master though.