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Tag Archives: Mclaren
2018, Broadcasting, F1, Formula 1, Formula One, Motorsport, Sponsorship
Formula One: Can F1 afford to wait until 2021?
Barely a day goes by without one of the leading motorsport websites publishing comments around the future plans for F1. From louder engines to racing game inspired car designs, 2021 will amaze and inspire a new generation of fans. All of which sounds great, but it's 2018. There are 3 seasons of Formula One between now and the promised fantastical future. The landscape of the motorsport industry can and will change dramatically in 3 years. Can Formula One really afford to wait?
2017 saw the introduction of the current set of technical regulations guiding the sport. Whilst cars are visually more impressive than there predecessors with the dimensions of the cars and tyres increasing. An overall increased emphasis on aerodynamics has had a dramatic impact on drivers ability to overtake with the 2017 season seeing less than half the number of overtakes of 2016. At present, there appears to be no plan to address this issue, with the 2018 regulations seeing no modifications around aerodynamic regulations.
Mindful of a likely closer battle for wins, Mercedes, Ferrari and Red Bull Racing, may have focused the aerodynamic philosophies of their 2018 challengers around an ability to more closely follow a competitor, but without regulation changes a significant increase in overtaking from 2017 to 2018 is unlikely.
All this comes at a time the commercial positions of Formula One are coming under threat. Longstanding partners involved in the championship are defecting to the likes of Formula E or other sports, and at this time, prospects for new partnerships appear limited. With the Formula One business focusing their attentions towards 2021 why would a partner commit to the championship ahead of the 'revolution'? The Formula One product from 2018 -2020 may be a difficult product to sell.
It is possible, Formula One management are focusing taking a strategy of focusing to the future with the view and expectation of teams demanding an earlier introduction of new regulations. With the Season 5 Formula E car set to make its public debut in the coming weeks, and Indycar looking strong with a new car concept, competition between championships is ever growing. Can Formula One and the teams committed to its success afford to wait another 3 years for change?
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2018, F1, Motorsport, Social Media, Sponsorship
Formula One: JB Launches Jenson Button TV!
Following in the footsteps of fellow former World Champion Nico Rosberg, Jenson Button has launched his own YouTube channel to chronicle his adventures post F1.
VLOG001, released earlier today, features Button and his crew heading to Sepang to test the Super GT Honda NSX he plans to race through 2018. Adopting a style similar to that of Jon Olsson, Button offers almost behind the scenes like insights into his life alongside glamour shots coupled with a chilled soundtrack.
Similar to the only professional racing driver I've had the pleasure to share a car with, early on in the Vlog, Button demonstrates the true level of respect racing drivers have for the handbrake of rental cars…
Vlogging, similar to blogging, or podcasting allows the host to present themselves to an audience in a way in which they feel most comfortable. Free from broadcast restrictions, hosts control what they share and when they share it. That being said, this being Button's first post, the extent to which he posts content through his channel and the amount of his daily life he chooses to share remains to be seen.
Similar to Nico Rosberg's YouTube Channel, Button's motive behind this level of engagement isn't overtly clear. Fan's will appreciate the access and the feeling of inclusion, beyond this, as Jon Olsson will attest, developing a following in the Vlogging space can prove extremely lucrative and facilitate the fulfilment of the most unthinkable personal goals. (check out Jon Olsson's Youtube Channel here for more)
Subscribe to Jenson Button TV here
Enjoy Mr Snow!
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2018, Broadcasting, Engines, F1, F2, Ferrari, Formula 1, Formula E, Formula One, Mclaren, Mercedes Benz, Motorsport, Power Unit, Red Bull Racing, Regulations
Formula One: Preparing for the budget cap
January 5, 2018 Jon Wilde - @jonnywilde	3 Comments
The Liberty Media vision for the future of Formula One Teams is clear. The owners expect 12 commercially viable, profitable, franchises all capable of challenging for race victories. In his role as Managing Director of Motorsports, Ross Brawn, has been mandated with the task of delivering a strategy to ensure this vision is achieved.
12 commercially viable & profitable teams, on paper, sounds fantastic. With the variable of available finances removed, the resourceful nature of F1 teams will truly be put to the test. Outwardly it seems as though there is widespread support from the teams for such a move. Afterall, what business wants to spend more money? With representatives from leading teams including Red Bull Racing emploring Liberty Media to ' Save F1 Teams from themselves' the route to implementing a budget cap should, in theory, be straightforward.
However, As with any commercial decision in Formula One nothing is straightforward. The first major hurdle to overcome is the existing structure around payments and the legacy of disparity. In 2017 Joe Saward explained the complexities around the current structure in this article. The existing structure rewards success and longevity, a something which is not overly inviting to a new team, nor geared towards a midfield team ever being in a position to surprise. In an estimated payment fund of $900M per season, the top 3 teams receive approximately 60% of the revenue, leaving the remaining, currently 7, teams to compete for 40% ($360M) between them. It is estimated that the smallest operational budget in F1 today is in the region of $100M, with only $50M coming from the championship, teams have a significant shortfall to cover.
A more appropriate payment structure would be equal distribution amongst all teams, with a proportional bonus for constructors championship position, similar to that seen in the Premier league as detailed here. Unfortunately, in order to reach this point, the largest teams, with operational budgets believed to be in excess of $400M per season must agree to a cut in support from the system under which their team structure has been developed. What business would agree to lose as much as 50% of its funding without a clear view of how it will cut costs or increase revenue through other ventures.
Convincing; Red Bull Racing, Scuderia Ferrari, and Mercedes Grand Prix to agree to this change will be one of the key tasks ahead of Ross Brawn through 2018 and 2019 if a new system is to be introduced under the new commercial vision for the sport in 2020.
The task is far from simple, the infrastructure of the top teams has been built around a mindset of a limitless budget. If a budget cap of $150m per season were to be introduced in 2020 with no consultation from the teams, it would be almost impossible for the top teams to comply. From a personnel headcount perspective alone a team such a Mercedes Grand Prix, with in excess of 1400 employees, if an average salary of $50,000 is applied, the team commit 46% of its budget to salaries before considering building a car. Without modifying the current team structure, introducing a budget cap within the next 3 seasons, unless Liberty Media expect teams to make more than 50% of their workforce redundant, is not feasible.
On a more positive note, there are indications that the top teams in question are preparing for the change. A budget cap in Formula One will not mean that the likes of operating entity such as Mercedes Grand Prix or Red Bull Racing will be limited to an expenditure of $150M per season, rather their allocation of resources to F1 will see this limit applied.
As a result, it is highly likely that diversification will be a key element to the future of F1 Teams. Over the past decade, McLaren and Williams have established an industry-leading position in the application of engineering solutions developed to improve performance in motorsport being incorporated into manufacturing processes and commercial entities. For these teams, this third-party business will likely continue to grow. it is, however, unlikely Ferrari or Red Bull Racing will view this as an appropriate use of resources or brand credibility.
Instead, expect the very top teams to move towards expanding their foothold in other forms of motorsport.
Mercedes Grand Prix has already made steps in this direction with the announcement of a commitment to Formula E team from season 6 of the championship. This alongside the development of the Mercedes Project One, which to many is a clear indication of Mercedes ambitions to return to Endurance Racing. A return which with LMP1 regulations under review and the prospect of the reinvigoration of the FIA Global Engine strategy, Mercedes are well positioned to find success.
Credit to Sean Bull Design for the concept Mercedes Formula E livery
Similarly, Red Bull Racing through their partnership with Aston Martin has acknowledged an interest in taking the Valkyrie racing, and under guidance from Ross Brawn will no doubt be seeking to bring the Toro Rosso team entirely in-house.
McLaren has taken the decision to take control of their GT programme, and have already explored further engagements in championships including Indycar following the positive coverage generated through the one-off partnership with Andretti Autosport at the Indy 500 in 2017.
Ferrari continually talks of a return to Endurance Racing, and could, similar to Red Bull Racing consider a strategy of an in-house B-team with which budget cap compliance could be achieved.
In conclusion, political posturing between the top teams in Formula One, Ross Brawn, and Liberty Media throughout the 2018-19 seasons will likely overshadow on-track performances. Fans of the sport should take any empty threats from top teams to walk away from the sport as just that. Empty threats. The financial implications of such a move make the option unviable. Instead, teams will double down on motorsport, getting involved with more championships, with the eventual winner being the fans.
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2018, Engines, F1, FOM, Formula 1, Formula One, Mclaren, Motorsport, Power Unit, Renault, Sponsorship, Sport, Toro Rosso
Formula One: Confirmed – Renault will not feature in McLaren team name designation
McLaren has confirmed that Renault will not be referenced in the official team name designation for the 2018 season. Whilst Renault branding will feature within the team environment and livery as would be expected in a customer power unit relationship, the team will not be referred to as McLaren Renault.
As speculated on this site in September 2017, such a move will facilitate a single focus for the McLaren brand and enable consistent naming conventions should the team implement its own Power Unit solution under future F1 regulations. Unlike fellow Renault customers, Red Bull Racing, McLaren have not taken the route of rebadging their Power Unit.
The Renault Power Unit supplied to Red Bull Racing has been badged TAG Heuer since 2016, in an agreement which saw the LVMH owned brand end a long-standing partnership with McLaren switching to the Milton Keynes based team.
The naming convention surrounding Toro Rosso's relationship with power unit partner Honda is yet to be confirmed.
2018F1F1 newsFormula 1Formula OneHondaLVMHMclarenRed Bull RacingRenaultScuderia Toro RossoTag Heuer
2018, Engines, F1, Formula 1, Formula One, Ilmor, Red Bull Racing, Regulations, Renault, Sponsorship
Formula One: Turning the Red Bull Racing Aston Martin story on its head
September 19, 2017 Jon Wilde - @jonnywilde	2 Comments
Amongst the #ToroHondaRenaultMcLarenRosso hype during the Singapore Grand Prix weekend, news of around Aston Martin increasing its involvement in Formula One with Red Bull Racing has started to solidify. Andy Palmer, Aston Martin CEO, when quizzed on the grid by Sky Sports F1's Martin Brundle confirmed the business is keeping a watching brief on 2021 engine regulations, which should they fall favourably towards independent manufacturers, could lead to increased involvement of the brand. Should this be the case Palmer confirmed Aston Martin may seek to preemptt the regulation change by enhancing their visibility with Red Bull Racing possibly from as early as 2018.
This news comes at a time in which the media are speculating Red Bull's long-term interest in Formula One may be dwindling, which has lead some observers to suggest a change of ownership of Red Bull Racing under the guise of Aston Martin. Whilst this is entirely possible, there are, in my opinion, a few to many creative leaps being taken for this outcome to be viable.
Firstly, lets address Red Bull or more specifically Dietrich Mateschitz's diminished interest in Formula One. Red Bull entered F1 to sell a product, this objective is the same today as it was 30 years ago. In 2016 the Red Bull achieved more than $1,000M in media coverage from through Formula One. This far exceeds any investment the brand makes into the sport. With budget caps on the horizon, the business rationale for a marketing focused business to be involved with F1 will only increase. Should a $150M budget cap be achieved, Red Bull Racing can be assured of achieving this investment through existing sponsors, and prize funds. Red Bull stand to benefit from $1000M in free advertising.
2017 saw Aston Martin return to profit for the first time in over a decade. The business has stated ambitions around going public in the coming 5 years and are focused on expanding their automotive range to increase revenues. At this time, and in the mid term they are not a business capable of sustaining any form of Formula One engine development plan. Aston Martin Racing is a completely separate business to the Aston Martin which sponsors Red Bull Racing.
Returning to Dietrich Mateschitz. A serial entrepreneurr and self made billionaire. In recent years, he has seen the likes of McLaren diversify into the production of cars, and Williams create successful businesses in the application of their technology within a commercial environment. He is aware that the technical capability of the Red Bull Racing group is under utilised, something which will only increase under a F1 budget cap. Projects such as Newey's America's Cup Project and the Aston Martin Valkyrie Hypercar project show an evaluation of ways in which the team can direct resources to other projects. Could this lead to an alternative direction for Red Bull Racing?
Rather than Aston Martin becoming title sponsor of Red Bull Racing, with a view to producing a power unit under the 2021 regulations. Could Red Bull be considering buying Aston Martin, supporting them in the acceleration of their automotive expansion plans, facilitating F1 power unit development, through their partnership with AVL, and using the proven brand power of Formula One allow Dietrich Mateschitz to evolve Aston Martin into a genuine competitor to the entire Ferrari Group.
Dietrich Mateschitz acquiring Aston Martin and reshaping his position in Formula One towards a Red Bull owned Aston Martin F1 Team, from a business perspective appears entirely more feasible than a company reporting $16M profit, having committed $550M to new road cars, suddenly investing $20M per annum in title sponsorship then paying to develop an F1 engine.
All that being said, Red Bull, through offering half stories and snippets of information continue to dominate F1 news despite being unable to challenge for a world championship. The business continues to offer a master class in media manipulation. As in 2014, when F1 news was dominated by stories of Red Bull looking set to quit Formula One, Red Bull have an ability to create their own news to ensure they dominate the F1 headlines between the races.
Finally, despite quotes to the contrary, Red Bull Racing are very well aware that the best chance they have of securing a return to a championship challenging position is with a fully funded manufacturer. Talk of Aston Martin, in my opinion, is nothing more than a negotiating tactic around the terms under which the Volkswagen Group will enter Formula One.
Credit to Sean Bull for the fantastic livery creation supporting this article.
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2018, F1, FIA, FOM, Formula 1, Formula One, Mclaren, Power Unit, Red Bull Racing, Regulations, Renault, Sponsorship
Formula One: McLaren set to badge Renault Power Unit – McLaren
As the F1 world awaits confirmation of the widely expected split between McLaren and Honda, attention has turned to the team name and branding for the 2018 season and beyond. It is fairly certain McLaren will switch to Renault power unit supply for next season in a deal which will see the Woking based team become a customer team for the remainder of the current iteration of Formula One Power Unit regulations.
Through social media, Fans and F1 pundits have been speculating on the likely name under which the McLaren Renault partnership will operate, with the overriding sentiment being that legacy of the respective brands not quite sitting well together. With almost every brand within the Renault-Nissan Alliance being touted as a possible fit for the partnership, from McLaren Infiniti, to McLaren Alpine, McLaren Nismo, and my personal favourite McLaren Dacia, the most logical naming convention appears to have been forgotten.
Zak Brown, Executive Director McLaren Technology Group, has been quoted as suggesting the team will consider producing Power Units under the McLaren brand under the new technical regulations, should costs not prove prohibitive. With this in mind it should be expected that the Renault agreement for 2018 will be delivered under a white label agreement, as already in place with Red Bull Racing who included naming rights to their Renault Power Unit in their partnership which LVMH, which sees the Power Unit branded Tag Heuer.
McLaren as an automotive entity in its own right will likely brand the white label Renault Power Unit as McLaren. Suggesting to the casual F1 follower or fan that the team is already producing its own power unit. Such a move will serve to further enhance the credibility of the McLaren Automotive Group and remove confusion around relationships between the road going cars and track based power unit partnerships.
After three of the worst seasons in the team's history, it is highly unlikely McLaren will be in a position to sign a title sponsor for the 2018 season, the team must rebuild its reputation with brands and partners. As such when the 2018 team listing is announced expect McLaren to be listed simply as McLaren with no reference to any power unit supplier.
Should, for what ever reason, the Renault Power Unit fail to elevate McLaren from its current plight expect to hear some awkward interviews in which an unbranded power unit is held accountable for challenges facing the team.
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2017, F1, Formula 1, Formula One, Honda, Mclaren, Mercedes Benz, Red Bull Racing, Renault, Sport
Formula One: Throwback Thursday – Red Bull Racing (don't) split from Renault
June 15, 2017 Jon Wilde - @jonnywilde	Leave a comment
If you've caught more than 10 minutes F1 coverage or spent anytime on popular F1 news aggregator sites over the last few weeks you would be forgiven for thinking the Mclaren Honda divorce was complete. Based on all confirmed sources this is not the case.
F1 media, as with any media, has a tendency towards sensationalism. A controversial headline will attract readership. I have to admit, I'm not adverse to the occasional sensationalist headline here on JWGP.
So, whilst the F1 world awaits formal confirmation from both Mclaren and Honda around future plans, now seems as good a time as ever to reflect on the last "SENSATIONAL" Team and power unit supplier fall out. When with no official word from either Red Bull Racing or Renault, after 18 months of continuous headlines around a fallout, their split was announced by the media. Except it wasn't. Two seasons later the partnership is still alive. Yes it has been modified, but the fact remains Red Bull Racing and Renault are partners. Below is a screen grab of just a few of the credible outlets that "confirmed" the news.
So while we wait for official news from Mclaren and Honda about the future of their partnership, one fact to bare in mind;
As per FIA sporting regulations, Honda and Mercedes have already confirmed power unit supply plans to the FIA for 2018 (see story with verified sources here). Within this confirmation, Mercedes will supply the same teams they are in 2017, Honda will supply Mclaren and Sauber.
In retrospect Looking back at the "confirmed" Red Bull Racing Renault split, the story ensured continual press coverage for a team performing well below expectations over a 12 month period. This coverage was arguably greater than that which Mercedes received whilst fighting for the championship. A masterstroke in marketing by a true marketeer Dietrich Mateschitz. In November last year, Mclaren replaced Ron Dennis with marketing guru Zak Brown.
How many newspapers are giving midweek coverage to Mercedes win on Sunday?
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2017, Engines, F1, Formula 1, Formula One, Honda, Mclaren, Mercedes Benz, Motorsport, Power Unit, Regulations
Formula One: No Mercedes power for McLaren in 2018
June 11, 2017 Jon Wilde - @jonnywilde	1 Comment
Away from incredible on track performances this season, recent Formula One news has been increasingly fixated by the prospect of 'divorce' between Honda and McLaren, with a number of respected outlets and leading pundits suggesting the separation is already all but finalised.
Whilst frustrations around the on track performance of the McLaren Honda partnership are plainly visible for all to see, with senior representatives from McLaren doing little to calm stories, one key factor appears to have been forgotten. The FIA Sporting Regulations.
Within the FIA Formula One World Championship Sporting Regulations, all power unit manufacturers are required to submit a list of teams they will supply in the following season by May 15th. Under this regulation both Honda and Mercedes have already informed the FIA of the teams which will be using their power units for 2018
"No power unit may be used in a given Championship season unless the Power Unit Manufacturer supplying such power unit accepts and adheres to the following conditions.
Each of the Power Unit Manufacturers of an homologated power unit must :
i) provide the FIA, before 15 May (or such other date as agreed in writing between all the Power Unit Manufacturers and the FIA) of the season preceding that in which such power units are to be supplied, with the list of teams (clearly identifying the appointed "works/factory" team, if any) to which a supply agreement has been concluded for the given Championship season ;
ii) if called upon to do so by the FIA before 1 June (or such other date as agreed in writing between all the Power Unit Manufacturers and the FIA) of the season preceding that in which such power units were to be supplied:
T = 111-A/B-C
– A = Total number of teams (including "works/factory" teams) having a supply agreement concluded for the given Championship season with a New Power Unit Manufacturer.
– B = Total number of manufacturers of homologated Power Units for the given Championship season.
– C = Total number of New Power Unit Manufacturers for the given Championship season.
provided that if the result contains a fraction then the fraction shall count as a full team (e.g. 11 teams divided by 4 manufacturers = 2.75, each manufacturer must, if called upon to do so by the FIA, supply at least 3 teams)."
Appendix 9 – FIA Formula One World Championship Sporting Regulations.
Earlier today, confirmation was sought from both Mercedes and Honda as to the contents of the lists provided to the FIA in accordance with this regulation.
Honda stated their list submitted to the FIA documents Power Unit supply intentions for both Mclaren and Sauber. Mercedes confirmed their submission to the FIA references three teams, Force India, Williams, and the factory Mercedes team.
No provision is made within the Sporting Regulations around deviation from this commitment. With both Honda and Mercedes having stated intentions around 2018 it seems highly unlikely any change is planned or possible without the consent of all teams participating in the championship.
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F1, Formula 1, Formula One, Honda, Sauber F1 Team, Sponsorship
Formula One: Sauber Honda Partnership CONFIRMED
April 30, 2017 Jon Wilde - @jonnywilde	1 Comment
Earlier this morning, the Sauber F1 team confirmed a new partnership with Honda set to commence from 2018. This Swiss-Japanese partnership will involve extensive strategic and technological realignment and creates a news basis for the team moving forward. Following the change in ownership of the Swiss based team, switching to Honda Power for 2018 demonstrates the team's desire to return to the front through exploring all opportunities available to them.
Speaking on the new partnership Monisha Kaltenborn, CEO and Team Principal commented
"It is a great honor for the Sauber F1 Team to be able to work together with Honda in the coming seasons. Our realignment is not just visible through the new ownership but also now with our new technological partnership with Honda. We have set another milestone with this new engine era, which we await with huge excitement and of course we are looking for new opportunities. We very much look forward to our partnership with Honda, which sets the course for a successful future – from a strategic as well as from a technological perspective. We thank Honda for making this great partnership happen."
Katsuhide Moriyama, Chief Officer, Brand and Communication Operations, Honda Motor Co., Ltd:
"In addition to the partnership with McLaren which began in 2015, Honda will begin supplying power units to Sauber as a customer team starting from next year. This will be a new challenge in Honda's F1 activities. In order to leverage the benefits of supplying to two teams to the maximum extent, we will strengthen the systems and capabilities of both of our two development operations, namely HRD Sakura and the operation in Milton Keynes. We will continue our challenges so that our fans will enjoy seeing a Honda with dominant strength as soon as possible."
Further details around the new partnership will be made available in due course.
Follow this link to check out the 2017 Sauber F1 Team Merchandise Collection from Errea Sport.
2018F1F1 newsHondaJWGPMclarenMclaren HondaRussianGPSauberThe Sauber F1 Team


According to the Theme Index and Museum Index released by Themed Entertainment Association and AECOM, The Walt Disney World Resort's Magic Kingdom park ranks 1 for theme park attendance across the globe in 2017.
Nearly 20.5 million parkgoers chose Magic Kingdom park as their theme park to visit according to the report that ranks the top museums, water parks and theme parks in the world and by region, based on attendance. Not only that, but they explain the reasons for the highs and lows. For example, the list Pandora – World of Avatar as a reason for the North American Disney parks growing by 3% and bad weather and a lack of reinvestment for the reasons water park attendance shrunk.
Welcoming 150 million guests to its venues worldwide, Disney dominated the list. The took first place in the Top 10 Theme Park Groups division. While in North America disney parks held the first five of 20 spots! Growing nearly 5% over the previous year, 244 million visitors headed to the world's top 25 theme parks.
2017 was a great year for Disney parks around the globe! Do you have a favorite Disney theme park to visit?
Could Incredibles 2 Become the Biggest Animated Film Yet?!


SKU: PD-HOR. Categories: Pendants, Spirit Animals.
Power, Freedom, Victory in War. The Celts were skilled horsemen and the horse was a powerful symbol of nobility and kingship. Gallop through your day with our Talismanic Horse Pendant!
Available in bronze and sterling silver, this pendant is 1 ¾" by 1 ¼"(44 x 31 mm), and comes with an 18" gold or silver-tone steel chain.


We've published a new research report examining the frequency and characteristics of repeat visitors to Britain.
Repeat holiday visitors are likely to stay longer on their trip to the UK than first-time visitors, and spend more on average per night and overall on their trip, indicating how valuable it is to continue to encourage visitors to return.
In 2015, 92% of business visits were repeat visits, 85% of visits to friends and family, and 63% of holiday visits.
Certain markets are more likely to make repeat visits to the UK: 92% of holiday visits from Irish Republic, 92% from Norway, 83% from Iceland and 80% from Belgium were repeat visits in 2015.
Download the full report (PDF, 658KB) for more information on repeat visits, including information on inbound markets and UK regions.


Energy-efficient What You Need For An Energy-Efficient Gaming PC What You Need For An Energy-Efficient Gaming PC Gaming computers are some of the most powerful consumer PCs on the market. Though beefy dual-processor workstations exist, they're for work rather than play. People who buy a powerful computer for personal use usually do... Read More cryptocurrency mining saves you money, saves the planet, and can make you money. The trick is to maximize your hash rate per watt or reduce your system's overall energy footprint. Here are the components and configuration settings needed to maximize your computer's energy efficiency for mining the cryptocurrency Ethereum.
You can reduce the total wattage consumption of the system.
You can maximize the amount of cryptocurrency mined relative to its power consumption.
Both design styles end up looking very similar to one another. That's because cryptocurrency mining focuses on two parts: the graphics card and the power supply. The rest of the computer can be little more than scrap heap pulls.
Let us begin with the most important component: the Graphics Processing Unit What Is the Difference Between an APU, a CPU, and a GPU? What Is the Difference Between an APU, a CPU, and a GPU? Over the last five or more years, there have been a number of different terms swirling around to describe computer hardware. Some of those terms include but aren't limited to APU, CPU, and GPU. But... Read More (GPU).
Note: The more RAM, the better the hash rate of the card. If you can get more RAM, do it.
GPUs like the RX 470 require additional power from either a 6-pin or an 8-pin connector, supplied by your power supply unit (PSU).
Unlike the 470, the 460 draws so little power that it can operate entirely off the power supplied by the motherboard's PCIe connector (which maxes out at around 75 watts). That means you don't need an eight or 6-pin connector, so it can almost certainly operate off the energy supplied by what's known as a picoPSU: a tiny, fanless, highly-efficient PSU.
I prefer using what's called a picoPSU. A picoPSU generally supplies power somewhere under 200 watts. It also tends to offer higher efficiencies than standard power supplies, at around 80 to 90 percent efficiency. If you're using an RX 460, you can get away with a picoPSU. The model I recommend is the 160-XT. The XT includes a 4-pin CPU connector.
On the downside, you can't just slap a picoPSU into a case without making modifications. For example, I had to run the DC power jack through my case's three-pronged female port. On top of that, picoPSUs usually only support a single SATA-powered device. If your case places its storage drives in odd places, you might also need an extension cable.
There is only one requirement for the motherboard: it needs to support a full-size GPU. The processor doesn't matter.
I would normally recommend using an Intel Atom motherboard. Unfortunately, no consumer-class Atom board offers full-sized PCIe x16 ports. Also, there's some confusion regarding how much power the PCIe slot produces. According to its specifications, a PCIe x16 slot can deliver around 75 watts. That should be enough to handle the 75-watt draw of the 460, but some 460 manufacturers include an optional 6-pin connector — for added safety.
Fortunately, a handful of AMD motherboards include full PCIe slots and low-power processors. AMD released two different lines of processor that offered a winning combination of low power consumption, low cost, and a full PCIe slot: the AM1 platform Build a Leaner, Greener, Meaner HTPC with AMD's New AM1 Platform Build a Leaner, Greener, Meaner HTPC with AMD's New AM1 Platform This article covers the various components, with suggestions, for building an AM1-based media center or office productivity desktop. Read More and a series of motherboards with soldered-on processors. Of these, I prefer the ECS KBN-I/2100 — but these tend to be hard to find and overpriced. Fortunately, the AM1 platform provides similar low build cost and low power consumption. For example, you can find an AM1 dual-core Sempron processor for around $35. And the motherboard costs around $25 with Prime shipping.
The rest of the computer doesn't matter much. In general, you want a case that can adequately cool either an RX 460 or RX 470 — but GPUs include their own cooling mechanism. The basic idea behind a case is that it shouldn't impede the GPU's ability to cool itself. Some people even choose to do open air builds. An extreme few daisy chain together multiple 470 GPUs on Ikea storage shelves!
The SSD will ensure that this system is fast to boot and configure, and you could double the RAM by purchasing two 2 GB DIMMs instead of one. This would slightly increase the hash rate for very little additional cost.
Like with CPUs, you can reduce the voltage supplied to the GPU and decrease the power consumed and waste heat produced. Whether or not there's a trade-off depends on the silicon lottery. Most discrete graphics cards can undervolt How Undervolting Decreases Heat & Increases Battery Life How Undervolting Decreases Heat & Increases Battery Life Would you believe that many computers and smartphones can run cooler and consume less power? A trick exists, called undervolting, which can increase your CPU's efficiency with few drawbacks. If performed right, devices generally produce... Read More slightly without losing anything. However, a small number become unstable, even with a slight undervolt. You won't know until you try.
If this makes your system unstable, Radeon Settings will automatically reset to the default voltage. There is virtually no risk of permanent instability. In the worst case scenario, you can simply remove your graphics card.
Should You Build an Energy-Efficient Ethereum Miner?
I'd say only as an experiment. The technology behind Ethereum, a big leap over Bitcoin's underlying technology, may one day prove to be valuable. But cryptocurrency is so ridiculously speculative, it's only worth taking a moderate risk on. I wouldn't invest thousands into mining unless you really have thousands to spare, and make sure you're aware of the risks before spending any money.
Do you have an Ethereum mining rig? Has it made a return on its investment yet? Do you have any tips and tricks you can share? Let us know in the comments section below!
Explore more about: Computer Parts, Cryptocurrency, Graphics Card.
Hi Kannon, I stumbled across your article and found that it filled in a lot of gaps as I consider building a beginner rig for mining. Do you have any monitor recommendations, something for loading the system, maintenance, etc? I found many options but I'm not familiar with this configuration and worried about spending on something that is not compatible.
Hi Al, sorry for the delayed response!
I'm not sure about the other parts that you're speaking of. For maintenance, dust filters are always nice to have, since they reduce the amount of cleaning required.
For the most part, other than the possibility of needing extension cables for the SATA or MOLEX plugs, you shouldn't need any special parts.
Thanks for the info. By maintenance, I meant updating drivers, OS, etc etc so I'm going headless unless I need to check the system.
Can I use multiple RX 460 GPU's (maybe 4) on an ECS KBN-I motherboard? Will that overload the motherboard?
Hi Elmer, unless you are using the six pin connector on a discrete card, it will pull wattage from the PCIe slot -- and you will overdraw if you use more than one RX 460. I apologize for not making this clearer.
I would recommend the AM1 platform over the ECS KBN board. You can do a lot more with the AM1 platform once you decide to retire the miner.
Your original link to amazon which included the picoPSU with an adapter is no longer available (404 page). Can you provide the optimal power brick adapter (link to product or recommended specifications) for use with the picoPSU 160xt in this build please?
Georgio, thanks for your comment! I'm sorry that they no longer sell that particular PSU adapter combo.
That is a shame about the barrel jack adapter. Because there are a lot of different sizes and shapes for barrel jack DC plugs. In general, all the picoPSUs that I've seen use the same connection standard which is 5.5mm outer diameter and a 2.5mm inner diameter IIRC. They do differ in their efficiencies, but in general, there are so many no-brand suppliers out there, it's better to just pick a reputable importer and buy from them. My go-tos are QuietPC and MiniBox. But there are many other importers out there.
If you use the 160 XT, it can work with a mismatched adapter. You can use any wattage adapter, provided it exceeds the wattage consumption of your entire computer while mining. But because your power consumption goes up dramatically when mining, you might want to go with the 160-watt adapter.
The price is too high, though, IMO. These should be like 20-dollar units.
I have been following this article and built a machine using a Radeon RX460 (Gigabyte 4GB) on an Gigabyte GA-AM1M-S2H motherboard using a 460W PSU before trying a pico, and have installed all the relevant latest drivers.
I am testing this with Minergate on Win 7 Pro 64, mining Monero and can only get 250 h/s.
Could there be something I have missed?
Sorry about the multiple comments. We need better thread tracking.
So first of all, you're doing it right. By reusing old components, you keep your build costs low, which is the whole point of this exercise.
Second, I can't think off the top of my head what might be going on. It's well established that the RX 460 can hit close to 11 MHS on a rig practically made from wet noodles. The hash you're getting is so ridiculously low, something is clearly off. And updating drivers is almost always the first thing to do.
My best guess is that this is a Windows thing. WIndows is a complete disaster back when I tried to mine Ethereum on it. The Linux/Ubuntu set up is infinitely easier.
I have just put an RX460 (Gigabyte Radeon 4GB) on a AM1 (Gigabyte GA-AM1M-S2H) board in an old Dell Case I have. I am currently using the 460W PSU, before trying a pico supply.
I am using Minergate mining Monero to test the setup. I can't seem to get anything more than about 250 h/s.
I've installed the latest Gigabyte drivers etc.
Hey there, thanks for reading! And sorry for the late response!
I wouldn't burden a laptop with the kind of thermal overhead that mining causes. It's just way too much wear and tear for a mobile device with a very low thermal envelope. But an external GPU using a USB interface? I've not heard of this and know nothing about it.
I know that the USB interface would cause a bottleneck on most kinds of GPU-related operations, but for some reason, mining doesn't seem to incur this kind of penalty. From what I know, you should be good to go if you know how to set up this kind of arrangement (I have no idea how).
I have an old PC that doesn't have PCIe slots but has 4 USB's. I wonder what about if I use 4 PCI-E PCI Express X16 Extender and run the GPU's from the USB ports. would it work? like this, I would need a smaller investment, just to start playing with it.
What kind of GPUs would you use? Do you have any examples? I've heard of external GPUs for workstation docks. In theory, it should work, since cryptomining generally runs off the GPU and doesn't use the CPU very much.
IIRC, there is a very slight increase in hashing performance when the RAM is running in dual-channel mode or when more RAM is used. I'm not sure why this occurs. It could be due to sampling errors.
All the mining machines that I've seen use 4GB of RAM. So it sounds as if RAM is not very important.
I should clarify, SYSTEM RAM is not very important. GPU VRAM is very important.
Ah, right. So (assuming i'm putting 2 x 2GB into my ECS KAM1-I motherboard) if I get a XFX Radeon RX 460 2GB instead of 4GB will it make a big difference to hashrate? what kind of reduction?
It's harder to find the 4GB ones but also, they do a 2GB with a heatsink instead of a fan so i could make a silent machine.
You'd need to look those numbers up. I'm only familiar with the 4GB model. The 2GB is probably significantly slower at solving crypto compared to the 4GB. It's not so big that you shouldn't be mining, but it is big enough to throw off your power cost calculations.
So thus turns out to be cheaper than AMD as you mention.
Thanks for letting me know Amit! The 1070 is such an amazing GPU. I wish it were horrible at crypto so I could afford one!
Thank you so much for the great information Kannon!
It depends on the difficulty level. I'm not sure where Ethereum is right now, but a megahash rate of around 25 is what most people were getting with IIRC an RX 470 and they were profitably mining a few months ago. A hash rate of 11 MH/s isn't amazing, but it's almost half of an RX 470 (which sells for a ridiculous amount of money). You won't make any money unless Ethereum goes up in value vs your power costs. But using a build like this helps you keep the power cost and build costs lower than had you decided to get a 470 or 480.
You would need a different motherboard that's capable of supporting two different RX 460s. The software itself can run on two separate GPUs, so that's definitely not an issue. The issue is that dual GPU motherboards can cost quite a bit of money compared to single slot boards.
The key is that the motherboard has to have two x16 slots (or two slots that can physically support an x16 card).
And what energy efficient motherboard + cpu would you recommend for that case? I want to buy 2 RX 460s and maybe bump the watts to 300 I don't mind as long as I can hash 22 MH/s on the same small machine.
The problem is that motherboards with 2 x16 PCIe slots (either 2.0 or 3.0 should work) tend to cost quite a bit. Currently, I believe that people are buying older high end boards and using Celeron processors (which are the lowest tier for socketed processors) in order to get a board that's within an affordable price bracket. PCIe is an older socket, so in theory you should be able to go back pretty far and find something that works.
The only sane option is the 460 at the moment, plus some weak hardware. I wouldn't even bother with using a dual GPU miner.
"Cryptocurrency"?....Hah! Stupid...money that isn't "real"......yeah...no I'll stick with The Real World thanks.
and more real than what a crypto investor/miner sees when they open up their digital wallet?
Thanks for the comment. I believe that Nixon ended convertibility into gold -- he did not end the relationship between the US's gold reserves and the dollar. The dollar is still backed by the tremendous amount of reserves held by the US government, which is why it's among the most stable currencies in the world.
There is some debate over whether or not the US secretly sold off large parts of its reserves though -- but that's a separate discussion.
Some however, argue that gold is a great way to back a currency. It's actually a pretty inefficient system since we still make a lot of products with gold.
"The dollar is still backed by the tremendous amount of reserves held by the US government,"
False. There is no relationship between the Gold held by the Treasury and the FRN.
The US dollar is backed by all of the nation's assets. And that includes its gold reserves. The US no longer fixes the value of the dollar to gold, which means it does not have to add gold to its reserves whenever it prints money.
OK, so I build the system per your sample build. Now what - What about the software? What software do I install (and configure) to do the mining?
Yes, Mr. Yamada, tell The Rest of the Story.
I looked hard for the link to the Next Step: Mining Etherium for Dummies.
Yes, Mr. Yamada, tell us how to use this.
I looked all over this page for a link to "Mining Etherium for beginners"
Lots of articles on how to do this. There's even a Linux distro specifically for Ether mining. EthOS. Not free but painless to set up. There's also free ones. C'mon guys, you can't have everything spoon fed to you.
Really?? No one is asking to be "spoon fed.....", just for a few links and maybe some addition helpful advice from others in the community that have more experience in the subject.


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Q: Specifying TCP protocol in JDBC to mysql connection How do you specify that the JDBC connection to mysql in the typical line
DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);

is via TCP?
Thanks

A: Just use a JDBC type 3 or 4 driver.
Even more, as far as I know, all MySQL JDBC drivers are type 3/4 already.

A: As far as I know, TCP will be the underlying protocol despite the nature of the driver used. Unlike Derby or HSQLDB, MySQL does not support (at the time of writing this) any form of databases that operate in an embedded mode.
All connections made to the database for the purpose of executing SQL statements, made by the driver happen to be TCP connections.

A: is this what you are looking for?
DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8", username, password);

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4. Say No To Sugar: Give Me Abs or Give Me Death 1. Kerry P. Taylor A Six Signs of Nutrient DeficiencyHair loss, headaches and other signs you may be missing key vitamins and minerals.
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Variations Healthy Recipes Healthy Recipes > Noble, R. Western Journal of Medicine, April 2001.


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About Gasum — For the media — News — 2021 — Jari Leppä, Minister of Agriculture and Forestry opened Gasum's new biogas plant in Lohja
Jari Leppä, Minister of Agriculture and Forestry opened Gasum's new biogas plant in Lohja
The opening of Gasum's biogas plant in Lohja took place virtually today, June 2, 2021. The new plant was opened by Jari Leppä, Minister of Agriculture and Forestry. The plant uses biodegradable waste from the Helsinki region to produce renewable biogas and organic recycled fertilizer suitable for organic farming. Demand for renewable biogas is constantly growing and with it the need for organic waste suitable for use as a biogas feedstock.
The energy company Gasum's newest biogas plant is in Munkkaa, Lohja and was officially opened virtually on June 2, 2021 by Jari Leppä, Minister of Agriculture and Forestry. The Lohja biogas plant will process around 60,000 tonnes of biomass each year and produce 40 GWh of biogas, a renewable transport fuel. The amount is equivalent to the annual consumption of 4,000 cars.
"There is a constantly growing demand for biogas, which is, for example, currently by far the best way for heavy-duty transport to reduce emissions. Growing demand for biogas also means a need for continuously more biogas feedstock, or organic waste. The Lohja biogas plant offers companies in the Helsinki region a chance to become part of the circular economy and a cleaner future by recycling their biowaste into fully renewable biogas," says Johan Grön, Vice President, Biogas, Gasum.
Use of biogas as a fuel can help to reduce lifecycle emissions by up to 90%. In addition, vehicles running on biogas produce no nitrogen and sulfur oxide emissions typical of transport.
Biogas production capacity taken into account in the Government Programme
The importance of biogas in reducing transport emissions is well recognized in Finland. The national Roadmap for fossil-free transport lists a number of measures that can be used to support gas transport in the coming years. In addition, a national biogas programme for Finland has been included in the Government Programme. Implementation of the national biogas programme seeks to make more efficient use of biogas production potential going forward.
"It's a pleasure to open the Lohja biogas plant. The promotion of biogas in particular supports the transition from fossil fuels to renewables. Promoting the circular economy and sustainability are at the core of the Government Programme. The increase in biogas production will mean increased availability of recycled nutrient-based fertilizer products. The most important role of agriculture is to produce good, nutritious food," said Jari Leppä, Minister of Agriculture and Forestry.
As a by-product of biogas, the plant produces organic recycled fertilizers, which are particularly suitable for organic farming. There is a need for recycled fertilizers in farming in the Helsinki region, where there is a lot of organically farmed arable land. The advantage of recycled fertilizers over fossil fertilizers is the organic matter they contain, which has a positive effect on soil health and weather resistance in the fields.
Gasum now has a total of 17 biogas plants in Finland and Sweden and is one of the largest biogas producers in the Nordic countries. Earlier this spring, Gasum opened the Nymölla plant in Sweden. Located next to Stora Enso's pulp mill, the Nymölla plant uses process water from the mill as a feedstock and can produce 80 GWh of liquefied biogas.
Gasum is accelerating the availability of biogas by building new plants and by increasing the procurement of biogas from the production plants of other operators. Gasum is currently building an industrial-scale (120 GWh/year) manure-based biogas plant in Götene, Sweden. The plant is scheduled for completion in early 2023.
Johan Grön, Vice President, Biogas, Gasum
phone +358 40 546 4186, johan.gron@gasum.com
Ari Suomilammi, Director, Biogas production, Gasum
phone+358 40 065 3351, ari.suomilammi@gasum.com
Images about the Lohja biogas plants from our media gallery >

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Home › Ministry Leadership › The Call
This is a collection of the specific stories of how 42 Christian missionaries and leaders were called to serve God in the world of missions. Each brief and yet personal account details how they came to decide to go and to give themselves to Christian ministry, often in a faraway location.
In the world of mission service, there are many stories of how God 'set the table' so to speak for workers to go to the field. Here are the particular situations and factors that each person found themselves dealing with. These accounts are written by a large variety of mission workers. There are women and men, young and old, single, married, all with fascinating insights into their answer to the question, "what was the 'call of God' for you?" Some speak of having highly specific affirmation of what they came to understand to be God's will, while others will tell you that it was more of a conviction in their hearts concerning a lost world and what they should do about it.
These are encouraging and straight from the heart stories of Christian brothers and sisters simply asking God what He wanted them to do. You will see emotion, personal drama as well as a deep-seated belief that the nations must hear the Good News of the Gospel of our Lord.
The 42 chapters are brief, averaging four pages each
Stories easily usable for class or sermon illustrations
Indexed alphabetically by the last name of the contributor
Some 'pen-names' are used due to security issues where missionaries are serving
Chapters conclude with simple biographical information about the contributor
Most of these stories are from recent history but a few, such as Leslie and Carrie Wolfe are taken from historic records by Dr. Rick Cherok who has a Ph.D. in history.
"I walked in our front door and said, "Guess what? We're going to Brazil!" Though that front door opened easily, there were four more "doors" that, not so easily, would have to open…"
– from the story of Neil Pirolo
"Suddenly she remembered the prayer the night before as I slept quietly beside her. She had a decision to make! "Do I tell him or do I not?" Unable to contain the moment, she began to whisper my name, "DAVID, DAVID, DAVID…. WAKE UP! LOOK AT THE CLOCK!"
– from the story of Dave and Donna Linn
"There never was a verbal, or even non-verbal, direct call from God revealing to me that His plan was for me to be a missionary. My eyes were simply opened to the reality that there were people all over the world who could be born, live and die without ever having a chance to hear and understand the Gospel!"
– from the story of Andy Rodriguez
Most of the stories in this book were written by the contributors themselves. Even so, four editors worked to bring the entire project together. The editors are: David Empson, Director of the International Conference on Mission (ICOM); Chris DeWelt, President of College Press Publishing and Professor of Missions at Ozark Christian College; Emily Drayne, Director of Operations for ICOM and Rick Cherok, Editor with College Press Publishing and Professor of Church History at Ozark Christian College.
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Come To The Table: 52 Meditations for the Lord's Supper
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Bivocational Ministry for the Sake of the Gospel


One of the many remarkable aspects of the South African heritage is our traditional cuisine and cultures, best experienced in its original setting and environment. Many restaurants claim to offer such cuisine and atmosphere, but seem to fall short. We recently discovered a magnificent Country House Spa, situated in close proximity to the Addo Elephant Park in the Eastern Cape.
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AFRICA & WORLD ECONOMY
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2019 Human Development Report: Nigeria in Focus
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dimensions of human development which are knowledge, a long and healthy life as well as a decent standard of living. While knowledge is a measure of Education index, long and healthy life are classified under life expectancy index and standard of living is a measure of the Gross National Income (GNI) index. To know about how these indices are calculated, you can read on it here
The 2019 Human Development Report is titled "Beyond Income, beyond averages, beyond today: Inequalities in human development in the 21st century." Accordingly, the report explains that in every country many people have little prospect for a better future. Lacking hope, purpose or dignity, they watch from society's sidelines as they see others pull ahead to ever greater prosperity. Worldwide many have escaped extreme poverty, but even more have neither the opportunities nor the resources to control their lives. Far too often gender, ethnicity or parents' wealth still determines a person's place in society.
According to the Human Development Report Office (HDRO), Human Development Index (HDI) classifications are based on HDI fixed cutoff points, which are derived from the quartiles of distributions of the component indicators. The cutoff points are HDI of less than 0.550 for low human development, 0.550–0.699 for medium human development, 0.700–0.799 for high human development and 0.800 or greater for very high human development.
It is on the basis of the above that this research provides analysis into Nigeria's HDI while comparing it with other countries of the world where it is perceived that they are crisis hit regions. Does Nigeria fair well among these countries? This research article provides answers to that.
Sub-Saharan Africa is the Head Quarters of Poverty in the World
Analysis of the data obtained from the Human Development report shows that 538.206 million citizens in Sub-Saharan Africa live in multi-dimensional poverty and this represents 57.5% of the total population of citizens in the region. Coming next in rank is South Asia as 31% of the citizens in the region live in multi-dimensional poverty and this translates to 542.492 million individuals. Europe and Central Asia have the lowest number of citizens in multi-dimensional poverty as 1.237 million people (1.1% of the population) live in multidimensional poverty.
East Asia and the Pacific however have 110.775 million citizens (5.6% of the population) living in multidimensional poverty as 48.885 million citizens in Arab states live in multi-dimensional poverty while 7.5% (38.067 million) of the entire population living in Latin America and the Caribbean region live in multi-dimensional poverty.
Based on the Data Obtained from the UNDP Human Development Report
The illustration above shows that India has more citizens living in multidimensional poverty than all the other countries of the world. This however constitute 27.9% of its population. The total number of citizens living in multidimensional poverty in India is equivalent to the total number of people living in the same level of poverty in Nigeria, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Tanzania combined. Of the top 10 countries with citizens living in multidimensional poverty, five are in Africa of which Ethiopia has the highest percentage of its total population living in multidimensional poverty.
For Nigeria, 51.4% of the population live in multidimensional poverty and this translates to 98.175 million citizens. The reason it is called the poverty capital of the world ahead of India and Ethiopia is because the proportion of its citizens living in multidimensional poverty is greater than that of India and in terms of headcount, those living in multidimensional poverty in Nigeria are greater than those in Ethiopia.
Trend in Nigeria's Human Development Index
Based on the data obtained from the UNDP, Nigeria's HDI has continued to rise over time (2010 to 2018) even though it is low in rank. The country went from HDI of 0.484 in 2010 to 0.534 in 2018 even though its rank was 158 out of 189 countries. This shows there is still need for improvement as the country is classified under countries with low human development index.
Data from the report also shows that 32.7% of Nigeria's Gross National Income is held by the richest 10% while 15.1% of the country's income is held by the poorest 40%. The Gini Coefficient which is a measure of income inequality therefore averaged 43.0 between 2010 and 2017.
Nigeria's HDI Compared with Crisis Hit Countries
With HDI value of 0.801, Seychelles ranks number 1 in Africa and 62 in the world in terms of Human Development and it has a life expectancy at birth of 73.3 years. Seychelles also has the highest Gross National Income per capita in Africa at $25,077 Followed closely is Mauritius which ranks 66 in the world (automatically making it the second highest ranking African country) with index value of 0.796 and life expectancy at birth of 74.9 years. Algeria ranks third in Africa and 82nd in the world with an index value of 0.759 and 76.7 years life expectancy at birth.
Rwanda (characterized by Genocide years before now), crisis hit Syria, Pakistan, Iraq and Libya all rank above Nigeria in terms of Human development. While Nigeria is ranked 158th (out of 189 countries) in the world, Libya is ranked 110th, Iraq is ranked 120th, Pakistan ranked 152nd, and Syria as well as Rwanda are ranked 154th and 157th respectively. Of the countries above Nigeria, only Rwanda is in the same category of Low Human Development with Nigeria.
The data above shows that Nigeria fairs well above Sudan, Syria, Rwanda, Afghanistan, Haiti, Yemen and Liberia when the gross income of the country is shared equally among its population.
In terms of Gender inequality index, the higher the index, the higher the gender inequality in a country while the lower the index, the lower the gender inequality in the particular country. Based on the gender inequality index, Libya has the lowest gender bias among the countries under review while Yemen has the highest inequality index based on gender.
Life expectancy at birth is lowest in Nigeria among the countries reviewed while it is highest in Libya as the life expectancy of children born in Libya is 72.7 years.
Despite Nigeria being a leader in Africa in terms of GDP and in terms of population, it does not translate to the citizens having a better quality of life even when compared with crisis hit regions of the world. It shows resources are not being effectively used to the optimum benefit of the growing population.
Libya ranking above Nigeria in all the human development index used in this research work explains why Nigerians illegally tend to migrate to Libya. This shows the citizens of Nigeria perceive Libya to offer them better opportunities than Nigeria and the data and analysis above explains that.
Download the 2019 Human Development Report here
You can provide your comments in the space provided below. Additionally and should you need data backed research and analysis for your business or research needs, send a mail to info@giftedanalysts.com
GNIHuman Development IndexHuman Development ReportLibyaRwanda
By Abdulazeez Kuranga 6 Comments
Notes On Linear Regression
Johannesburg is the Leading Fintech City in Africa
Microeconomics – Hal R. Varian (8th Edition)
Ridwan Aliu
That's a great article you wrote but I believe there's a contradiction in these statements. One emphasized that India's total population living in multidimensional poverty is equivalent to the countries mentioned while the other statements says otherwise.
"The total number of citizens living in multidimensional poverty in India is equivalent to the total number of people living in the same level of poverty in Nigeria, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Tanzania combined. "
"The reason it (Nigeria) is called the poverty capital of the world ahead of India and Ethiopia is because the proportion of its citizens living in multidimensional poverty is greater than that of India".
Abdulazeez Kuranga
Thank you Ridwan Aliu.
India still leads in terms of poverty headcount. However, the proportion of those living in the poverty as a percentage of the population is low when compared to Nigeria. Also, while those entering into the poverty gap in India is decreasing, that of Nigeria and Ethiopia is increasing. Every minute, six Nigerians enter into the poverty gap according to the World Poverty clock.
Overall, the statements in the article are just possible justifications on why Nigeria is referred to as the poverty capital of the world. I believe the clarifications here too should be sufficient.
Thank you once again for your feedback. It is very much appreciated.
That's clear enough. The justification here is "the number of people entering poverty in India is at a decreasing rate compare to Nigeria and Ethiopia".
I'd have loved to work with you. Such a brilliant soul.
If you're looking for a freelance researcher on Economic issues. I'm available too.
Tive Denedo
Great analysis but can you take a look at this sentence & edit. "Libya ranking above Nigeria in all the human development index used in this research work explains why Nigerians illegally tend to migrate to Nigeria."
Thank you very much for the feedback Denedo. It has been looked into and edited.
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Guardian Sport NetworkFA Cup
The FA Cup is ditching more replays, denying us some classic matches
A look back at previous replays in FA Cup finals, semi-finals and quarter-finals suggests we should be celebrating these historic fixtures rather than culling them
By Richard Foster for The Agony and the Ecstasy of the Guardian Sport Network
Marcus Rashford scored in the last FA Cup quarter-final replay at Upton Park in April 2016. Photograph: Glyn Kirk/AFP/Getty Images
Tue 15 Nov 2016 04.55 EST
Last modified on Tue 17 Nov 2020 06.02 EST
There was barely a flicker of resistance or a whisper of a protest when the FA announced that there will no more replays at the quarter-final stage of the FA Cup from this season. As time had also been called on replays at both the semi-final stage and the final many years ago, this latest move was viewed as almost inevitable. But a look back at some of the glorious and memorable FA Cup replays suggests that more fuss should have been made about the loss of this quintessential element of knockout football.
Whittling down the congested fixture list seems to have taken precedence over any sense of tradition or history and the removal of all replays from the whole competition does not feel too far away. There is something distinctive being swept away as there have been some truly wonderful matches that possessed a certain quality that is now being eroded. We still retain replays for the earlier rounds but, just to prove how much we are going to miss them for their heightened sense of drama and significance, it is an opportune moment to look back at the last of their kind.
What turned out to be the last quarter-final replay was appropriately enough the last FA Cup tie to be played at Upton Park. Having been denied victory at Old Trafford in the original game by a late Anthony Martial equaliser, West Ham were expecting to sign off in style from the Boleyn Ground. Louis van Gaal's faltering side showed resilience and a touch of class in ruining the Hammers' farewell FA Cup party, which took place a full month after the first game. Once again teenager Marcus Rashford showed how his maturity is well-suited to the big stage by curling in a sumptuous opener – an impudent and delightful piece of finishing from a player who meets every new challenge with commendable aplomb.
Manchester United seemed to have wrapped up the match when Marouane Fellaini bundled home the second, but West Ham fought back with a James Tomkins goal to set up a frantic finale as David De Gea resisted everything thrown at him in the United goal with a string of fine saves. Ultimately, this hard-earned victory gave Van Gaal the chance to deliver a trophy from his tempestuous and generally underwhelming two-year reign so at least the irascible Dutchman will look back at this replay with a certain fondness as will a young man who is steadily building an impressive reputation.
West Ham 1-2 Manchester United.
Manchester United were also involved in the last semi-final replay back in 1999 when Van Gaal's erstwhile assistant was responsible for one of the most iconic moments in FA Cup history. Ryan Giggs not only scored a memorable goal but also indulged himself in such a wild celebration that it has almost overshadowed the goal and the game itself. This was the year of the treble and the FA Cup would prove to be the middle element of that extraordinary trio. Appropriately enough their opponents were their closest domestic challengers, Arsenal.
The previous season had been Arsène Wenger's first full season in charge and had ended pretty well when they emulated United by securing their second double. Going into this semi-final both sides were on long undefeated runs and were battling it out at the top of the league, so this was very much the clash of the titans. However, the original semi-final was an anti-climax: a dull, goalless affair that proffered very little prospect of the intense, intoxicating excitement that lay ahead in the replay three days later at Villa Park. David Beckham's opening goal was a characteristically spectacular strike from 25 yards that flew past David Seaman's outstretched right hand as it arrowed into the far corner.
While Denis Bergkamp's equaliser was from a similar distance it was not as clean a strike, taking a deflection en route. Then, when Roy Keane was sent off for a second yellow card in 75th minute, the pendulum seemed to have swung to the Gunners. The penalty awarded to Arsenal in added time gave Bergkamp the chance to wrap it up but his kick was thwarted by Peter Schmeichel, whose excellent save was then embellished by his swaggering celebration.
The momentum had shifted again and, despite the one-man advantage, Arsenal did not put Schmeichel under any concerted pressure during the first period of extra time. The prospect of penalties was looming until that moment of genius from Giggs. The goal has been replayed countless times since but is worth watching again and again to marvel at the slalom past the Arsenal defence. Giggs bamboozled Martin Keown, Lee Dixon and Tony Adams along the way, which was just the prelude to as emphatic a finish as Seaman is ever likely to have witnessed from close range. It flew over his head into the roof of the net. In fact, emphatic does not really cover it.
This was one of those rare goals, which leaves the audience slightly stunned and in need of a moment's reflection to fully absorb then comprehend what has just happened. We were all shaken out of our collective reveries by the sight of Giggs removing his shirt and whirling it above his head like a demented banshee as he sprinted back to the halfway line, leaving his team-mates in his wake – much like he had done with his opponents a few seconds before. The image of the bare-chested hirsute Welshman has been firmly imprinted in our minds ever since. It was a fitting epitaph and as the last ever goal to be scored in a semi-final replay could hardly be bettered for quality, significance or impact. Not bad for a second-half substitute.
The last FA Cup final replay in 1993 also involved Arsenal. It did not quite match the heady heights of that evening at Villa Park but it was notable for being the only time that the same clubs contested both domestic cup finals. Sheffield Wednesday had already lost the League Cup final in a game that was remembered mostly for Steve Morrow's misfortune at having his arm broken when Tony Adams dropped him over his shoulder during the post-match celebrations. When the FA Cup final ended in a 1-1 draw, a third meeting at Wembley in the space of a month beckoned.
Having scored in the original game, Ian Wright continued his run of scoring in FA Cups, adding a fourth to his personal tally (he scored two for Palace in 1990) before Chris Waddle equalised and the game went to extra time. It was going to be a late night as the kick-off had been put back by 30 minutes already because of traffic problems and it was close to 11pm when Andy Linighan popped up in the 119th minute to nod in the winner, broken nose and all. It may well have been one of the latest ends to a match at Wembley but in terms of action on the pitch it was mere chicken feed to the marathon Arsenal and Wednesday endured during the third round in 1979.
How the 1990 FA Cup changed Crystal Palace, Manchester United and Liverpool
After a couple of 1-1 draws at Hillsborough and Highbury respectively, Leicester's Filbert Street hosted the next instalments in this long-running saga. Following a 2-2 draw, the third replay ended in a pulsating 3-3 draw as unusually the games were increasing in intensity and drama as the series continued. And so they played a fourth replay, which Arsenal won 2-0. Amazingly, all five games were squeezed into less than three weeks in the days before fixture congestion was an issue.
After playing five times against the same opposition in January, Arsenal faced a handful of teams in the rest of the competition, eventually beating Manchester United 3-2 in the final. With another replay against Southampton in the quarter-final, Arsenal racked up a total of 1 matches – a record for post-war FA Cup winners.
Eventually the FA had had enough of this nonsense. Within a decade the multiple replay was consigned to the dustbin marked "quaint but rather old-fashioned practices" and the penalty shoot-out was introduced. Although they had been used in various competitions both in the UK and internationally for a while, the honour of being the first FA Cup match decided by a penalty shoot-out fell to Rotherham, who overcame Scunthorpe on 29 November 1991 after their first-round replay ended in a 3-3 draw after extra time. Those lucky 4,829 souls present at Millmoor on that Tuesday night then witnessed the historic drama of Rotherham's 7-6 victory.
How a German football club inspired fans in Yorkshire to unite and help refugees
It is worth remembering that without replays we would never have had the chance to revel in Ronnie Radford's muddy moment of glory against Newcastle at Edgar Street in 1972, Ricky Villa's mesmerising, mazy run that illuminated the 1981 Cup final or the frantic 4-4 draw between Everton and Liverpool that prompted Kenny Dalglish's departure in 1991. If the chances for similar momentous games being swept away is not bad enough, there were discussions at a recent Uefa managers get-together about the prospect of skipping extra time and moving straight to penalties if games is still undecided after 90 minutes.
There is a danger that with so much emphasis on filleting the fixture list and paring it back to the bare minimum that there will be less room for the extraneous games such as replays – these unusual oddities that have provided us with so much entertainment and have carved out their own niche in our collective memories.
• This article is from the author of The Agony and the Ecstasy
• Follow Richard Foster on Twitter
Guardian Sport Network


text:
package com.b2international.snowowl.snomed.ql.validation;

import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

import org.eclipse.xtext.validation.Check;

import com.b2international.snowowl.snomed.ql.QLRuntimeModule;
import com.b2international.snowowl.snomed.ql.ql.Conjunction;
import com.b2international.snowowl.snomed.ql.ql.Disjunction;
import com.b2international.snowowl.snomed.ql.ql.Domain;
import com.b2international.snowowl.snomed.ql.ql.DomainQuery;
import com.b2international.snowowl.snomed.ql.ql.Exclusion;
import com.b2international.snowowl.snomed.ql.ql.Filter;
import com.b2international.snowowl.snomed.ql.ql.LanguageCodeFilter;
import com.b2international.snowowl.snomed.ql.ql.QlPackage;
import com.b2international.snowowl.snomed.ql.ql.TermFilter;

/**
 * This class contains custom validation rules.
 *
 * See https://www.eclipse.org/Xtext/documentation/303_runtime_concepts.html#validation
 */
public class QLValidator extends AbstractQLValidator {

	public static final String AMBIGUOUS_MESSAGE = "Ambiguous binary operator, use parenthesis to disambiguate the meaning of the expression";
	public static final String AMBIGUOUS_CODE = "binaryoperator.ambiguous";

	public static final String DOMAIN_INCONSISTENCY_MESSAGE = "Inconsistent domains on left and right side of a binary operator, specify the domain (Concept, Description) the disambiguate the meaning of the expression";
	public static final String DOMAIN_INCONSISTENCY_CODE = "binaryoperator.inconsistentdomain";

	public static final String LANGUAGE_CODE_NONEXISITING_MESSAGE = "Non-existing ISO-639 Language Code";
	public static final String LANGUAGE_CODE_NONEXISITING_CODE = "languagecode.nonexisting";

	@Check
	public void checkSubQuery(DomainQuery it) {
		if (it.getEcl() == null && it.getFilter() != null) {
			error("ECL expression is required for domain refinement", QlPackage.Literals.DOMAIN_QUERY__ECL);
		}
	}

	@Check
	public void checkLanguageCodeFilter(LanguageCodeFilter it) {
		boolean existingLanguageCode = Stream.of(Locale.getISOLanguages())
			.filter(code -> code.equals(it.getLanguageCode()))
			.findFirst()
			.isPresent();
		if (!existingLanguageCode) {
			error(LANGUAGE_CODE_NONEXISITING_MESSAGE, it, QlPackage.Literals.LANGUAGE_CODE_FILTER__LANGUAGE_CODE, LANGUAGE_CODE_NONEXISITING_CODE);
		}
	}

	@Check
	public void checkDisjunction(Disjunction it) {
		if (isAmbiguous(it, it.getLeft())) {
			error(AMBIGUOUS_MESSAGE, it, QlPackage.Literals.DISJUNCTION__LEFT, AMBIGUOUS_CODE);
		} else if (isAmbiguous(it, it.getRight())) {
			error(AMBIGUOUS_MESSAGE, it, QlPackage.Literals.DISJUNCTION__RIGHT, AMBIGUOUS_CODE);
		}

		Domain leftDomain = QLRuntimeModule.getDomain(it.getLeft());
		Domain rightDomain = QLRuntimeModule.getDomain(it.getRight());

		if (leftDomain != rightDomain) {
			error(DOMAIN_INCONSISTENCY_MESSAGE, it, QlPackage.Literals.DISJUNCTION__LEFT, DOMAIN_INCONSISTENCY_CODE);
		}

	}

	@Check
	public void checkConjunction(Conjunction it) {
		if (isAmbiguous(it, it.getLeft())) {
			error(AMBIGUOUS_MESSAGE, it, QlPackage.Literals.CONJUNCTION__LEFT, AMBIGUOUS_CODE);
		} else if (isAmbiguous(it, it.getRight())) {
			error(AMBIGUOUS_MESSAGE, it, QlPackage.Literals.CONJUNCTION__RIGHT, AMBIGUOUS_CODE);
		}

		Domain leftDomain = QLRuntimeModule.getDomain(it.getLeft());
		Domain rightDomain = QLRuntimeModule.getDomain(it.getRight());

		if (leftDomain != rightDomain) {
			error(DOMAIN_INCONSISTENCY_MESSAGE, it, QlPackage.Literals.CONJUNCTION__LEFT, DOMAIN_INCONSISTENCY_CODE);
		}
	}

	@Check
	public void checkExclusion(Exclusion it) {
		if (isAmbiguous(it, it.getLeft())) {
			error(AMBIGUOUS_MESSAGE, it, QlPackage.Literals.CONJUNCTION__LEFT, AMBIGUOUS_CODE);
		} else if (isAmbiguous(it, it.getRight())) {
			error(AMBIGUOUS_MESSAGE, it, QlPackage.Literals.CONJUNCTION__RIGHT, AMBIGUOUS_CODE);
		}

		Domain leftDomain = QLRuntimeModule.getDomain(it.getLeft());
		Domain rightDomain = QLRuntimeModule.getDomain(it.getRight());

		if (leftDomain != rightDomain) {
			error(DOMAIN_INCONSISTENCY_MESSAGE, it, QlPackage.Literals.EXCLUSION__LEFT, DOMAIN_INCONSISTENCY_CODE);
		}
	}

	@Check
	public void checkShortTermFilter(TermFilter it) {
		int MIN_TERM_LENGTH = 2;
		if (it.getTerm().length() < MIN_TERM_LENGTH) {
			error(String.format("At least %d characters are required for term filter", MIN_TERM_LENGTH), QlPackage.Literals.TERM_FILTER__TERM);
		}
	}

	private boolean isAmbiguous(Filter parent, Filter child) {
		return parent.getClass() != child.getClass() &&
			(child instanceof Disjunction
				|| child instanceof Conjunction
				|| child instanceof Exclusion);
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
AMSAI Philippines
By Didi Ananda Kala'
Ananda Marga Special Academic Institution (AMSAI) Unlad-Bata – Bicol, is a Pre-school and Elementary service school in Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte in the Bicol Region of the Philippines. It is serving the local community along with the Indigenous Children (Kabihug, Aetas) in that mountainous area of the Philippines. The Kabihug Tribe is one of the oldest tribal communities in Bicol known as nomadic people, with no land and homes to call their own. They belong to the full-blooded tribe of Negritoes, mostly shorter, with darker skin tone and curlier hair than your average Filipinos.
Our school was started over 10 years ago, in 2003. It opened with just a pre-school, and then eventually we saw the need in the community and added another grade level, at least one grade level every year, until eventually, we were able to produce elementary graduates, starting around 5 years ago.
Unlike regular schools in the country, AMSAI schools incorporate Yoga in their daily routine as part of Morning Circle, to set the pace of the day. AMSAI Bicol has 73 pupils from preschool to primary (grade 6).
Despite the school not having funds, this year, through the help of certain individuals, we managed to conduct a Teachers Training, seeing an opportunity for the growth of our teachers. The training was held in Manila, and tried to incorporate the knowledge of our teachers of NHE Projects all over the world. It included studies of Neohumanism, an introduction to the Ecology of Joy of Dada Caetanyananda, team building, an educational tour and many other things we could squeeze into the 3-day in-house training that would help the teachers get more understanding of how crucial their role is as educators of children, and to hopefully, play their roles better. A three day training is never enough, as there will always be something to learn. With this, we aspire to run trainings on a regular basis.
Also, this school year, we saw the 95% completion of a small library for the children. It started with a donation of both old and new books from local and international organizations. We were very happy to receive the books, and then we started thinking of how best to utilize them. We've thought of distributing them to the children, for our children cannot afford to buy their own sets of books. But a better idea sprung up, that will make the books available not only to present pupils, but hopefully to future generations more. And that is how the library was conceived. For our humble school, it is a radical idea to even think of this without financing. But we didn't give up and slowly worked on planning, while temporarily housing the books in at the Bicol Master Unit. And sure enough, before the school year ended, the children were able to enjoy their very own library. Its small size is countered by the children following a schedule, so as not to get the library too crowded. Thus it can be said that the library is now fully functional, and the only remaining work is ensuring the books are secured from moisture. Preschool and primary pupils are seen here upon the arrival of the books.
There is much work to be done. We aspire at least to have the school vibrancy we have in our Las Piñas Preschool, where the parents are more able to support their children's school activities, resulting to less dependencies on the school for costumes and other materials. Below are some photos of some activities in AMSAI Zapote, Las Piñas, Manila.
Download PDF and content Issue 38 – May 2014
Inside cover
Neohumanist Education for Peace
Education for Peace
The Transformative Power of Neohumanist Education in Social Change
What is Neohumanism and What is Neohumanist Education?
The Application of Neohumanism to the Layers of a School
Theater in Education
How to Be the Most Effective Preschool Teacher in the World
Microvita Seminar
Starting a Global Conversation
Era of Neohumanism
Yoga Academy Intensive Yoga Teacher Course 2014
Ananda Marga Gurukula Teachers Training College
NHE Activities in Chouf, Lebanon
Training in Lebanon for Child Friendly Spaces for Syrian Refugees
GANE Global Association of Neohumanist Educators
Educating Teachers for a Whole New World
Neohumanist Education Teacher Training
Planting the Seeds of Neohumanist Education and the Evolution of Spirituality
Master Units Challenges and Solutions
Qahira Sector Malta Egypt
Berlin Sector Iceland Romania
Delhi Sector India
New York Sector USA
Nairobi Sector and Manila Sector
Hong Kong Sector Taiwan


text:
<?php

defined('JPATH_PLATFORM') or die;

/**
 * Form Field class for the Joomla Platform.
 * Displays options as a list of check boxes.
 * Multiselect may be forced to be true.
 *
 * @package     Joomla.Platform
 * @subpackage  Form
 * @see         JFormFieldCheckbox
 * @since       11.1
 */
class JFormFieldCheckboxes extends JFormField
{
	/**
	 * The form field type.
	 *
	 * @var    string
	 * @since  11.1
	 */
	protected $type = 'Checkboxes';

	/**
	 * Flag to tell the field to always be in multiple values mode.
	 *
	 * @var    boolean
	 * @since  11.1
	 */
	protected $forceMultiple = true;

	/**
	 * Method to get the field input markup for check boxes.
	 *
	 * @return  string  The field input markup.
	 *
	 * @since   11.1
	 */
	protected function getInput()
	{
		// Initialize variables.
		$html = array();

		// Initialize some field attributes.
		$class = $this->element['class'] ? ' class="checkboxes ' . (string) $this->element['class'] . '"' : ' class="checkboxes"';

		// Start the checkbox field output.
		$html[] = '<fieldset id="' . $this->id . '"' . $class . '>';

		// Get the field options.
		$options = $this->getOptions();

		// Build the checkbox field output.
		$html[] = '
';
		foreach ($options as $i => $option)
		{

			// Initialize some option attributes.
			$checked = (in_array((string) $option->value, (array) $this->value) ? ' checked="checked"' : '');
			$class = !empty($option->class) ? ' class="' . $option->class . '"' : '';
			$disabled = !empty($option->disable) ? ' disabled="disabled"' : '';

			// Initialize some JavaScript option attributes.
			$onclick = !empty($option->onclick) ? ' onclick="' . $option->onclick . '"' : '';

			$html[] = '
';
			$html[] = '<input type="checkbox" id="' . $this->id . $i . '" name="' . $this->name . '"' . ' value="'
				. htmlspecialchars($option->value, ENT_COMPAT, 'UTF-8') . '"' . $checked . $class . $onclick . $disabled . '/>';

			$html[] = 'id . $i . '"' . $class . '>' . JText::_($option->text) . '';
			$html[] = '
';
		}
		$html[] = '
';

		// End the checkbox field output.
		$html[] = '</fieldset>';

		return implode($html);
	}

	/**
	 * Method to get the field options.
	 *
	 * @return  array  The field option objects.
	 *
	 * @since   11.1
	 */
	protected function getOptions()
	{
		// Initialize variables.
		$options = array();

		foreach ($this->element->children() as $option)
		{

			// Only add <option /> elements.
			if ($option->getName() != 'option')
			{
				continue;
			}

			// Create a new option object based on the <option /> element.
			$tmp = JHtml::_(
				'select.option', (string) $option['value'], trim((string) $option), 'value', 'text',
				((string) $option['disabled'] == 'true')
			);

			// Set some option attributes.
			$tmp->class = (string) $option['class'];

			// Set some JavaScript option attributes.
			$tmp->onclick = (string) $option['onclick'];

			// Add the option object to the result set.
			$options[] = $tmp;
		}

		reset($options);

		return $options;
	}
}


FonduTV found an interesting Chicago fact this week. The Co-Founder of Walt Disney Productions himself Walter Elias Disney was born December 5 ,1901 in Chicago's Hermosa neighborhood on the north side of the city. In the fall of 1917 Disney began his freshman year at McKinley High School and enrolled in night classes at The Chicago Art Institute. FonduTV would like to honor this entrepreneur with a delightful clip from a 1956 episode of "What's My Line".


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Campus email systems worked almost normally on Monday, a positive sign after problems rendered about half of the campus's 52,000 email accounts at least occasionally unavailable most of last week.
Check the status of the system here.
As announced on Friday, system administrators spent the weekend moving thousands of campus email accounts to additional servers. Spreading the load over more servers prevented the recurrence of a problem that had impaired one of the two main servers, ms1.
Email functioned normally Saturday and Sunday, when demand for service is low. The return of the work week brought the first real test of the new setup. Monday at 11 a.m.--typically the peak demand of the day--passed without the system going down. Mail delivery was suspended around 11:30 a.m. for about an hour while the system performed an internal check, but clients could still connect to retrieve messages that had already been delivered. By 1 p.m., ms1 was accepting email again.
Administrators are closely monitoring both the system and the level of service calls to the help desk. They are confident they now know what caused the problem, and long-term solutions are being evaluated.
To report problems or get help with email, contact IT Express at (530) 754-HELP.