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Bloor Osington Folk Festival
BOFF
BLOOR OSSINGTON FOLK FESTIVAL
"Folk songs tell true stories but terrible stories, because folk are terrible. Terrible songs make big songs, why do you think kids like rock 'n' roll? Because it's terrible."
– Abner Jay
The Bloor Ossington Folk Festival announces it's final year…
The Bloor Ossington Folk Festival 2016 Farewell Party in the Pits Sept. 17th and 18th
Presented by Sonic Boom and Westbank Development Corp. (Mirvish Village – Markham House)
Six years ago we started this festival as a punk expression to show our disdain towards the way the music industry, especially on a local level and small business in general were treated by the government at large.
Along the road we have seen the ups and downs.
There have been some great strides by the city of Toronto to rectify this situation. @Mike Tanner Mike Layton, John Fillion and many others are thinking about the problems involved with fostering the arts through government support in Canada. I thank them and their teams and supporters for the hard work they are doing and I look forward to working with them in the future, while we work towards this change.
Unfortunately there are still disparities and due to a few of them, we regretfully announce that this will be the last year of the Bloor Ossington Folk Festival. There are many people I would like to thank…too many.
Everyone that ever attended, played and supported the festival over these last years, thank you.
I would like to make a special thanks to Jeff and April and Tim at Sonic Boom and Peter and Ian at the Westbank Development (Mirvish Village – Markham House) Corporation. Without the support from these two teams, this year's festival would not have happened. I would also like to thank the gang over at Canadian Heritage and their continued funding for this years festival.
As it stands, this year's festival will look very different than the one we had hoped to put on, had certain things fallen into place… unfortunately (we feel for the community and the city of Toronto)… these certain things did not fall into place.
This year's festival will be scaled down to a two day farewell party under the beer garden tent In Christie pits Park. The tent will be open at the sides and anyone that doesn't feel like being in the garden will be able to see the musicians from around the garden and hear the music from around the park.
To all of this year's musicians and management I would also like to say a huge thank you. It's been a last few crazy days. A few weeks ago we decided that we were not going to put the festival on for certain reasons and I had to let a lot of musicians know what was happening. Everyone was so gracious. A number of people felt that we should at least do something.
After a talk over a couple beers in the pits with Guernsey and a couple phone calls, we felt like the show had to go on, as they say. We still had the funding albeit a much smaller portion than would be necessary to put on the original festival, from the Building Communities through Arts and Heritage grant and Westbank and Sonic Boom were still in. The park permits were still in place (sort of), so we decided to throw this farewell party.
Earlier that day, C.L. and Julie had invited me to see The Tragically Hip in Kingston out of the blue and the whole thing just seemed right.
{On a personal aside, I would like to dedicate this year's festival to Gord for all he's done to contribute to music in Canada and to Treebird for being so strong.}
We quickly had to reconnect with band members and management to see who was still in. Unfortunately we lost a couple at that time, but will definitely work with them in the future, sorry about the mix up to those. Fortunately many of the bands were able to stay on and again thank you all for being so patient and gracious.
The lineup looks fucking great.
This year's lineup is inspired by the love from some of our good friends and family and a kick ass show. Many of these bands have played the festival before and we wouldn't/couldn't think of putting on a farewell party without asking them to play.
I wish I could have asked so many more.
I don't want to leave the impression that Amelia, Roberto, Eamon, C.L., Peters, Bradshaw and all the rest of the usual suspects, will never put on another outdoor music and arts event in ol' TO, this is just the last time we will be putting on the Bloor Ossington Folk Festival.
It's been a fucking Blast!!!
B.O.F.F.
free music in shared community spaceTop
A couple years ago – the hot, wet summer of 2011, cooling off in the yard with a beer we started rehashing an idea we'd thrown out at a community meeting at the Bickford Center a year earlier.
Business owners and community members had come together over ideas to strengthen our community. Mike Layton had just been elected as our councilor and he was really pushing to strengthen the hood. We liked the cut of his jib and so we threw in our own two cents. We thought it'd be a good idea to have a community music festival in Christie Pits. Thought it was a great space with its natural amphitheater like setting for music outdoors. Ample space for lots of fun.
Time flew on as we grew in our community, forming friendships with other local businesses and hosting music events at our own place. A key forging in that was a close relationship with all the great folks just down the road at exclaim! magazine. They started filming shows at our place for exclaim!T.V. and we got to know Roberto; the guy who was coordinating those shoots for the mag. When the summer of 2011 rolled around, we decided it might be fun to sell food at a festival outside of Toronto. We signed on board and busted our asses along with our staff, headed by our great friend Eamon, who'd been working for us for a while at that point between tour dates around Canada and Europe. By the time the festival was over, we took a step back, looked over the time we'd spent prepping for the festival and the grind once out there and we realized that it hadn't felt like we had experienced the festival at all. To make matters worse, a few weeks later, the BIA for our community held a street festival and really left a lot of us businesses on this side of Ossington out in the cold, or should I say heat, a day which ended with a rather infamous story involving myself and a little blue meanie. And so it was that the very next day, one hot, wet day, cooling off in the yard with a beer and some friends, we started rehashing the idea for a festival of our own.
Ortega had thought it would be fun to invite some musicians over to a couple yards on Roxton and sell shit while playing tunes. Sounded good, but still mulling over the encounter from the day before, it seemed like we needed more. Started hashing out a plan for an independent neighborhood festival, kind of an experiment. Looking back, it tasted like the Dogma 95 of music festivals – traditional values of story and theme, no use of special effects, or technology. In other words, there was to be no use of social media on our end, if it slipped out by means of fest goers, no problem. It would be independent of funding from any source other than what we could put together, which meant no permits, which meant totally underground, or off the radar venues. And most importantly it would be a totally free festival for anyone who wished to come, which meant the bands had to volunteer their time to their fans and all the fans had to do in return was show up, have a great fucking time and say thank you to them when it was done. And they all did. We put together a free, 45 band festival in 8 obscure, or unknown venues, including 1 backyard and a living room, all within a five minute walk from the furthest one to the furthest one, over the course of 3 days from October 14th to the 16th.
The bands ranged from heavy Cancer Bats and Metz, to tripped out, acid jazz rock Ninja Funk, to the punk, country, Canadian rock of Eamon McGrath and catl, to Dave Bidini and Wayne Petti, the Wilderness of Manitoba and Canada's sweetheart Julie Doiron, to name a few. We settled on Bloor Ossington Folk Festival as a name, despite the inclusion of tons of music that would not normally be included in a 'folk' festival, but defined the use of 'folk' with the use of an Abner Jay quote. –
"Folk music tells true stories, but terrible stories, because folk are terrible. Terrible songs make big songs, why do you think kids like rock n' roll? Because it's terrible."
In this sense, folk are people and all music is created by people, so all music is folk music, whether it's played with a banjo, or an axe.
In the summer of 2012 we toyed with taking the festival to the park as we'd wanted to a few years earlier, but decided on a one step at a time type of attitude. In an ironic twist, the very BIA that spurred the underground festival came to us and asked if we'd put together a full day of music at the street festival they were setting up again that year. They gave us 100 percent free reign to book whatever bands we wanted and set up the day our way. Providing us with a beer garden and a stage. At the prospect of a huge audience for the performers we agreed to take the festival to the street. We took it as a step towards the park, a step towards building a truly great community festival.
And so, like Dogma 95, which had its time and place, a time and place we all remember, we are moving further out – we're sticking with the values, it's still a free festival for all to attend, but we're adding studio lighting and special effects. We're hoping to include everyone in this year's festival. We're taking it to the park and we're expanding greatly upon it.
This year's festival happens on September 18, 19 and 20, which will start on the Friday evening at local venues and carry into the night, then move into Saturday in the pits from noon till nine, then move back up and into evening venues, then on Sunday we go back into the Pits for a noon 'till nine day of arts, crafts, food, booze and music to wrap it up.
2014 Complete Lineup and Schedule
Christie Pits Park – September 21 & 22
Who wants to help the Bloor Ossington Folk Festival?
Our Gratitude
Thanks to our friends from Torex Moving for invaluable help with staff & equipment transportation across Toronto & GTA and also for dozens of minor services they provided to us during the preparations!
Bloor Osington Folk Festival The Event by Shark Themes


You can see a tear coming down my cheek as I was clapping.
Liverpool 1960, Mrs Johnstone got married, but not so long after her husband walked out on her for someone else. She didn't have enough money for the milk so she had to work for a wealthy family, Mr and Mrs Lyons. When she finished working the doctor told Mrs Johnstone that she was pregnant with twins. She was so shocked. She didn't have enough money to feed her second child. She told Mrs Lyon about it the next day. Mrs Lyon had and brilliant but cunning idea. She told Mrs Johnstone to give one of her twins to her. Mrs Johnstone accepted it and swore to the bible. When the new arrivals came Mrs Johnstone was late on pay. They came and took everything away. Mrs Lyon came and took away one of the babies. Mrs Johnstone couldn't watch so she turned away.
They grew up Mrs Johnstone named her child Michael (Micky) and Mr and Mrs Lyon named their child Edward (Eddie). Mr Johnstone got fired so she doesn't want Micky to hang around where Eddie lived. But Micky did with his brother Sammy. He got into trouble. Eddie followed Mickey to his house and Micky asked if he could have some. Eddie says he could and the become Best Friends. They found out that they have the same birthday. So they become Blood Brother.
When Mrs Lyon found out about it they shifted. When Eddie found out he didn't like the idea. But he had to. The last place he went to is Mrs Johnstone's house. Mrs Johnstone gave Eddie a locket that had her and Mickey so Eddie can remember them while he is somewhere else.
Later on Mrs Johnstone found out that she was shifting. They were all excited.
It was half time I needed to go to the bathroom. I had a paper that had 'Blood Brothers' on it. Our break is over now we had to go back to the theater.
Now Mickey and Eddie are 14 with Linda. They keep on growing. When they are 18 Mickey and Linda are married and Eddie is still in love with Linda, Mickey is on pills and he has a job. While Mickey was at work Mrs Lyon showed Mickey that Eddie and Linda was kissing. So Mickey got a gun and he was about to kill Eddie. Right then Mickey stopped because Mrs Johnstone told him that they were twins. At that moment the cop came and shot theme. The narrator questioned Mrs Lyon.


Mahara is an open source platform is not only lets you connect with a wide variety of social networks but you can create blog posts and see exactly what they are going to look like after publishing. Images and other media can be posted at will giving your readers a more engaging experience. When you create Groups or Communities, you can give them access to particular posts and information that you decide is appropriate based on subscription. The administrative tools include language package and themes, as well as session and account lifetimes. Authentication methods can be selected, meaning that you have full control of your website.


text:
Q: lost sound ubuntu 14.04, tried everything Today my sound stopped working, I have tried several things listed in the forums and still rolled a big fat 0.
Here is my Alsa Info.
!!Script ran on: Tue Jul 8 05:51:51 UTC 2014

!!Linux Distribution
!!------------------

Ubuntu 14.04 LTS \n \l DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 14.04 LTS" NAME="Ubuntu" ID=ubuntu ID_LIKE=debian PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 14.04 LTS" HOME_URL="http://www.ubuntu.com/" SUPPORT_URL="http://help.ubuntu.com/" BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"

!!DMI Information
!!---------------

Manufacturer: TOSHIBA
Product Name: Satellite L55-A
Product Version: PSKLAU-01200E
Firmware Version: 1.20

!!Kernel Information
!!------------------

Kernel release: 3.13.0-30-generic
Operating System: GNU/Linux
Architecture: x86_64
Processor: x86_64
SMP Enabled: Yes

!!ALSA Version
!!------------

Driver version: k3.13.0-30-generic
Library version: 1.0.25
Utilities version: 1.0.27.2

!!Loaded ALSA modules
!!-------------------

snd_hda_intel

!!Sound Servers on this system
!!----------------------------

Pulseaudio:
Installed - Yes (/usr/bin/pulseaudio)
Running - Yes

!!Soundcards recognised by ALSA
!!-----------------------------

0 [PCH ]: HDA-Intel - HDA Intel PCH
HDA Intel PCH at 0xc8610000 irq 44

!!PCI Soundcards installed in the system
!!--------------------------------------

00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04)

!!ALSA/HDA dmesg
!!--------------

[ 11.321684] lpc_ich: Resource conflict(s) found affecting gpio_ich
[ 11.321884] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1b.0: irq 44 for MSI/MSI-X
[ 11.343623] SKU: Nid=0x1d sku_cfg=0x40f79a2d
--
[ 11.344245] realtek: Enabling init ASM_ID=0x9a2d CODEC_ID=10ec0269
[ 11.353890] input: HDA Intel PCH HDMI/DP,pcm=3 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input9
[ 11.355657] input: HDA Intel PCH Headphone as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input8
[ 11.355708] input: HDA Intel PCH Mic as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input7
[ 11.633485] EXT4-fs (sda2): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro

A: Reinstall the common soundcard drivers packages:
sudo apt-get --purge autoremove build-essential linux-headers-`uname -r` && sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-`uname -r`

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
"Reunion Blues is the way to go! I never have to worry about my axes when I travel because RB will keep them safe!"
Once a generation, a blues artist comes along who not only reminds mainstream audiences how deeply satisfying and emotionally moving the best blues music can be, but shakes the genre to its core. With both eyes on the future and the blues in his blood, 20-year-old guitarist, vocalist and songwriter Christone "Kingfish" Ingram is set to take the music world by storm with the May 2019 release of his debut album, KINGFISH. Sprung from the same earth as so many of the Delta blues masters, Kingfish comes bursting out of Clarksdale, Mississippi, just ten miles from the legendary crossroads of Highways 61 and 49. A student of the Delta's musical history, he is acutely aware of the musicians and the music that emerged from his corner of the world. "I do think I have an old soul, that I've been here before," he says. "I'm moving forward with one foot in the past."
You don't see too many kids into blues music," says the nascent star. "In my town, every kid wants to be a rapper – I wanted to do something no one else was doing." And although he grew up near the crossroads where Robert Johnson allegedly cut a deal with the devil, Kingfish insists he didn't do any of that to make his guitar howl the blues. "I just practice all the time," he says, "that's the only deal I made, and it's with myself.
Recorded in Nashville and produced by two-time Grammy winner Tom Hambridge (Buddy Guy, Susan Tedeschi, Joe Louis Walker), KINGFISH showcases Ingram's blistering, raw and inspired guitar playing, soulful, deep vocals and songwriting. He tells stories with his solos, channeling the spirits of all the past masters while the music he makes is his own. He co-wrote eight of the album's 12 tracks. "A lot of folks know me for my covers," he says. "That's why it's important for me to release original music." The first radio single, Outside Of This Town, is a fierce statement of purpose – both musically and lyrically – from this rising star. The songs range from autobiographical (Been Here Before, Before I'm Old) to humorous (Trouble), and from white hot (It Ain't Right) to slow and searing (Love Ain't My Favorite Thing). His friend and mentor, Buddy Guy, adds vocals and guitar on Fresh Out while another friend, Keb Mo, brings his warm, conversational voice to Listen, and adds his rhythm and resonator guitars to six tracks.
Alligator Records president Bruce Iglauer considers Kingfish a natural fit for the blues and roots label. "At the age of 20, Kingfish is one of the most exciting and passionate young artists I've seen in many years. He's creating new music that feels like blues but doesn't copy what's already been done. His roots are firmly in the Mississippi Delta, and you can hear that raw Delta honesty in his playing and singing. His guitar work is technically dazzling, but it's all about the emotions of the song and moving the audience. He's perfectly capable of crowd-pleasing shredding, but his music is remarkably mature. He knows which are the important notes, the notes that tell the story and grab the audience, and he leaves out the extraneous ones. He sings with the intensity and directness of a seasoned blues artist. He venerates the blues masters of the past and present but is eagerly making his own statement, inspired by the music they created. I'm watching him become a young, visionary blues giant. He has an amazing future ahead of him, and I'm proud that he's joined the Alligator family."
Born to a musical family near Clarksdale, Mississippi on January 19, 1999, Christone Ingram fell in love with music as a small child. There was always music playing around the house. His family sang (and continues to sing) at their family church. His mother, Princess Pride, is first cousin to country music legend Charley Pride. Christone starting hitting drums at age six and at nine he picked up the bass. Around this time his mother enrolled him in a program at the Delta Blues Museum. At age 11, he got his first guitar and quickly mastered it. The young prodigy soaked up music from Robert Johnson to Lightnin' Hopkins, from B.B. King to Muddy Waters, from Jimi Hendrix to Prince. Before long he could play like them all, but all the while he kept developing his own sound and style.
Kingfish has shared stages with Buddy Guy, Tedeschi Trucks Band, Robert Randolph, Guitar Shorty, Eric Gales and many others. He has befriended rock stars from Nikki Sixx to Dave Grohl. Since graduating high school, Kingfish has continued his life on the road. He has performed at festivals around the country, including stops at the Chicago Blues Festival, The Beale Street Music Festival in Memphis, The Bonita Blues Festival in Florida, The Waterfront Blues Festival in Portland, on the Legendary Rhythm & Blues Cruise, at Austin's Antone's and at San Francisco's famed Biscuits & Blues. He's performed in Europe multiple times, including appearances at the Moulin Blues Festival in the Netherlands and the Blues Heaven Festival in Denmark.
With the release of his debut album, KINGFISH behind him and a major North American tour announced for Summer and Fall 2019, Christone "Kingfish" Ingram is ready to blaze a trail with the blues torch that's been passed to him. With his eye-popping guitar playing and his reach-out-and-grab-you-by-the-collar vocals, Kingfish delivers each song with unmatched passion and precision. Steeped in the rich, vivid history of the blues, he's driven by his burning desire to create contemporary music that speaks to his generation and beyond. Kingfish is a real life 21st century bluesman who is inspired by the music of Robert Johnson, but dreams of one day collaborating with Kendrick Lamar and soul-funk bassist Thundercat. "My core is blues," he says, "but it's important for me to create a sound and style that is uniquely my own. I have a lot to say, so please stay tuned."
Christone Kingfish Ingram

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
NACPRO Bylaws
Sponsorship Brochure
News from NACo
News from NRPA
ABOUT NACPRO
The National Association of County Park and Recreation Officials is a non-profit professional organization that advances official policies that promote county and regional park and recreation issues while providing members with opportunities to network, exchange ideas and best practices, and enhance professional development.
Learn more about us at: www.nacpro.org
DEADLINE FOR NEXT ISSUE
The next issue of NACPRO News will be delivered on March 5, 2019.
If you have news or an article to share, please send it to the editor by March 4.
Brenda Adams-Weyant
2019 Award Nominations Close Next Week
Nominations are now being accepted for the NACPRO 2019 awards program. The annual NACPRO Awards Banquet recognizes and honors excellence in parks and recreation at the county, regional, special district level throughout the nation.
Nominations are being accepted through February 28, 2019.
https://nacpro.org/Awards
Got an issue you need advice on? Or a best practice you want to share? Send us the details and we will publish it in the next NACPRO News.
NEWS FROM THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COUNTIES
2019 NACo Legislative Conference - New Keynotes Just Announced
March 2–6, 2019 | Washington, D.C.
Join the largest convening of county officials in the nation's capital, and advocate for counties' federal policy priorities.
Hon. Ben Carson - Dr. Benjamin S. Carson, Sr., M.D., was sworn in as the 17th Secretary of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development on March 2, 2017.
Hon. Joni Ernst - In November 2014, Senator Joni Ernst was elected as the first woman to serve in federal elected office from the State of Iowa and also became the first female combat veteran elected to serve in the United States Senate. In Washington, she serves on five Senate committees: Armed Services; Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry; Environment and Public Works; Judiciary; and Small Business and Entrepreneurship.
Steve Case - Steve Case is one of America's best-known and most accomplished entrepreneurs, and a pioneer in making the Internet part of everyday life. He is also the author of The New York Times bestselling book, The Third Wave: An Entrepreneur's Vision of the Future.
https://www.naco.org/events/2019-naco-legislative-conference
NEWS FROM THE NATIONAL RECREATION & PARK ASSOCIATION
Make Inclusion Part of the Policy
A year ago, NRPA released the Park and Recreation Inclusion Report — demonstrating how park and recreation agencies are implementing inclusive practices in their communities, and where gaps and challenges exist across the field. The report identified that only 2 in 5 agencies have a formal inclusion policy.
In response to that report, we created a resource guide, Guidelines for Developing an Inclusion Policy to help you serve all members of your community. This guide includes policies and instructions that will help your agency understand why inclusion in parks and recreation matters, how to engage staff and the community in developing a policy, and more.
These resources are part of NRPA's Parks for Inclusion initiative that works to ensure all people — regardless of race, age, ability or background — have access to the benefits of local parks and recreation.
We've also created resources for using personal gender pronouns, increasing access for marginalized groups and increasing park access through equity practices.
https://www.nrpa.org/our-work/partnerships/initiatives/parks-for-inclusion/policy-guide/
Report finds recreation options help counties grow their populations and economy
Courtesy of the Idaho State Journal
By Brennen Kauffman
Montana-based nonprofit research group Headwaters Economics released a report last week looking at the relationship between recreation and growth in counties across the United States. Looking at the 333 counties that were defined as recreation-dependent by the United States Department of Agriculture, the study compared the number of people moving into the counties between 2010 and 2016 and the economic impact that movement has caused.
The clearest conclusion of the report is that those recreation-dependent areas are growing. Counties that rely on recreation have seen the number of incoming residents increase across the board, regardless of size. Megan Lawson, Ph.D., wrote the economic report and said the difference is especially stark for rural counties.
"On average, the only rural places that are growing are the ones that have these recreation economies" Lawson said.
https://www.idahostatejournal.com/news/local/report-finds-recreation-options-help-counties-grow-their-populations-and/article_99b5ddfa-bef7-502a-ab01-c6a98b249b33.html
How to Coexist with Urban Coyotes
Courtesy of Cincinnati Public Radio
By Tana Weingartner
OHIO - The Great Parks of Hamilton County district is holding public forums to educate the public about coyotes. "Our purpose in doing these programs is not only to tell people how to coexist with them, but to help build appreciation for this unique and adaptable animal," says Angela Marczi of the park district.
http://www.wvxu.org/post/how-coexist-urban-coyotes#stream/0
The Digital Transformation of Parks and Rec
Courtesy of NRPA
By Brian Stapleton
Today's park and recreation leaders are embracing roles beyond traditional facility management and activity execution. They are expected to be agents of change in the era of digital transformation and be as adept at leading the implementation and management of digital systems as they are knowledgeable about local parks and trail maintenance. Park and rec directors also have more visibility into program utilization statistics than ever before, which means they are expected to be able to evaluate and measure the effectiveness of core programs and services and use data to make informed decisions regarding programing and facility budget allocations.
New expectations for park and rec directors are not only coming from within municipalities. Citizens are raising the bar on their expectations as well. In an era of smartphones and digital proliferation, citizens want multichannel, digital two-way communications with their municipal leaders to ask questions, make requests and provide feedback. Over the next five years, park and rec directors who embrace the access that modern tech provides between municipalities and the people they serve will be best positioned to build successful, future-proofed strategies for innovative and desirable community offerings.
https://www.nrpa.org/parks-recreation-magazine/2019/february/the-digital-transformation-of-parks-and-rec/
Must Defensive Design Be Hostile?
Courtesy of ArchitecturalRecord.com
By Kara Mavros
As long as we've had cities, we've built ways to keep people out of them. In early times, guard towers and pointed palisades kept wanderers away and enemies at bay. Today, urban designers employ similarly defensive measures throughout the public realm, in subtler and more nuanced ways.
Increasingly, elements of "hostile architecture" are found in places meant to be accessible and inclusive, such as public parks, city streets, and hospitals. While the intention of these features is often rooted in durability and safety, the effects can be more wide-reaching, says Cara Chellew, a research administrator at York University in Toronto and an advocate for public spaces.
For instance, benches divided by armrests not only make it more difficult for people (homeless or otherwise) to lie down and rest, they present a challenge for people who need more room to sit. Humans don't naturally sit in a tight row like pigeons on a wire; we congregate, spread out, or stagger, and need space to do so. Metal studs on curbs meant to deter skateboarders are just as likely to trip pedestrians or block passage of those in wheelchairs.
https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/13899-must-defensive-design-be-hostile
The Senate just passed the decade's biggest public lands package
Courtesy of the Washington Post
By Juliet Eilperin and Dino Grandoni
The Senate on Tuesday passed the most sweeping conservation legislation in a decade, protecting millions of acres of land and hundreds of miles of wild rivers across the country and establishing four new national monuments honoring heroes including Civil War soldiers and a civil rights icon.
The 662-page measure, which passed 92 to 8, represented an old-fashioned approach to dealmaking that has largely disappeared on Capitol Hill. Senators from across the ideological spectrum celebrated home-state gains and congratulated each other for bridging the partisan divide.
Perhaps the most significant change the legislation would make is permanently authorizing a federal program that funnels offshore drilling revenue to conserve a spread of sites that includes major national parks and wildlife preserves, as well as local baseball diamonds and basketball courts. Authorization for the popular program, the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF), lapsed months ago due to the partial government shutdown and other disputes. Liberals like the fact that the money allows agencies to set aside land for wildlife habitat. Conservatives like the fact that taxpayers don't have to foot the bill for it.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2019/02/12/senate-just-passed-decades-biggest-public-lands-package-heres-whats-it/
Conversations about Confederate Monuments in the Former Confederate Capital
Courtesy of Next City
By Emily Nonko
VIRGINIA - In Aug. 2017, a town hall forum took place to discuss the future of Monument Avenue in Richmond, Virginia. The thoroughfare was conceived during a site search for a memorial to Robert E. Lee after his death in 1870. Today it is a tree-lined mall, dividing east and westbound traffic, lined with the Virginian Confederate veterans Lee, J.E.B Stuart, Jefferson Davis, Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson and Matthew Fontaine Maury. In 1996 Richmond integrated its most famous street, erecting a monument to Richmond native and African-American tennis champion Arthur Ashe.
A group behind a Richmond design collective was paying close attention. mObstudiO is a partnership of three design departments of Virginia Commonwealth University School of the Arts. Storefront for Community Design is a local nonprofit design assistance center. Working together as mOb+Storefront, the two organizations share studio space and often collaborate.
Monument Avenue has long been of interest to mOb+Storefront. On Thursday, Feb. 14, the collaborative unveiled one result of its sustained conversation around the thoroughfare. An exhibit will display proposals from around the world that re-imagine Monument Avenue, exploring "its role as an historic urban boulevard, its viability as a 5.4 mile interurban connector, its presence in Richmond given the city's emergence as a diverse and progressive city, its significance in the history of the United States and in the current debate about Confederate statues in public spaces," as the collaborative puts it.
https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/conversations-about-confederate-monuments-in-the-former-confederate-capital
Is benefit of having trees 'oversold' in Twin Cities green space planning?
Courtesy of the Star Tribune
By Josephine Marcotty
MINNESOTA - Often "trees are oversold" as a natural solution for environmental problems in cities, according to Bonnie Keeler, a University of Minnesota professor who studies ways of valuing nature. In fact, she reviewed 1,200 scientific studies on increasingly popular green infrastructures such as urban forests, parks, rain gardens, and wetlands and found in a recent paper that it's unclear how well any of them stack up against "gray" solutions like concrete storm sewers and air conditioning.
It's an increasingly urgent question for the Twin Cities. At projects such as the Ford site in St. Paul, the Mississippi River Upper Harbor in Minneapolis and a redesign for sections of Minnehaha Creek, planners face complex choices for managing stormwater and air pollution.
http://www.startribune.com/green-value-of-twin-cities-trees-get-second-look/505843392/
Border wall threatens nature tourism industry in South Texas
Courtesy of UPI.com
By Patrick Timmons
The $463 million-a-year ecotourism industry in South Texas -- a top birding destination -- is bracing for the arrival of border wall construction crews in mid-February.
The workers are set to begin bulldozing a swath of land 150 feet wide to construct 33 miles of wall near the Mexico border in Texas' Hidalgo and Starr counties. The work was funded last year to supplement the existing 22 miles of wall in Hidalgo County.
To build this section of the border wall, the U.S. government has suspended 28 environmental protection laws, according to the Center for Biological Diversity, using an obscure section of the Real ID Act of 2005, which allows the homeland security secretary to suspend any law to facilitate building border barriers.
https://www.upi.com/Border-wall-threatens-nature-tourism-industry-in-South-Texas/6351548890618/
The Annual Monarch Counts Are In...And It's Not Looking Good
By Michele White, CAE, IOM
Many of you know that monarch counts occur across the country to try and get a handle on the health of this threatened species. But to understand what these numbers really mean, you should know there are three different monarch populations in the United States; western, eastern and a small population in southern Florida. While they are still the same species, they are separate populations with little or no overlap. Their population dynamics are entirely separate, too — western monarchs do not migrate and overwinter in Mexico like the eastern monarchs, but they go through a type of modified migration, overwintering on the California coast line. And, the southern Florida population does not migrate at all.
The recently announced winter count of the eastern monarchs was truly good news — it showed a 144 percent increase in monarchs that winter in southern Mexico, the highest number recorded since 2006. However, the count of western population monarchs was shockingly low — an 86 percent decline since 2017, and a 99.4 percent decline in numbers in the 1980s.
https://www.nrpa.org/blog/the-annual-monarch-counts-are-in...and-its-not-looking-good/
Nature for Neighborhoods
Courtesy of UrbDeZine
By Clement Lau
For those of us who may feel quite disconnected from nature or need some "Vitamin N" as Louv calls it, what should we do? One answer may be to just find the nearest park to you and spend some quality moments there. But this may not be the best solution if your neighborhood park is too well used and overly built up with amenities, leaving little space for trees and areas for quiet enjoyment. How about state and national parks? Of course, those are great, but many of us, especially urban dwellers, do not live in close proximity to such parks and may even find these vast recreation areas intimidating. So what is the happy medium? If you live in the Los Angeles area, I highly recommend starting with nature centers and botanical gardens which are wonderful places for all, especially children, to learn more about, gain an appreciation for, and be with nature.
https://losangeles.urbdezine.com/2019/02/10/nature-for-neighborhoods/
Fans of costly winter sports try to level the playing field
MINNESOTA - In a state known for its snowy, cold months, more Twin Cities nonprofits are stepping up to diversify winter activities and make them more accessible to people who wouldn't normally try them.
"I think diversifying snowboarding is something we can do," said Taylor, the adventures director for the foundation who's been teaching snowboarding to north Minneapolis students for a few years. "Equity in the outdoors is really critically important. We're really trying to break that barrier, that perception of who does this and who this is for."
http://www.startribune.com/minnesota-snowboarders-push-to-diversify-the-sport-with-free-classes-at-theodore-wirth-park/505909852/
City Parks Alliance Presents Greater & Greener 2019: Exploring Natural Connections
July 20-24, 2018 - Denver, Colorado
Park and recreation leaders, city planners, design professionals, urban park advocates, and funders from 200+ cities will gather in Denver, Colorado July 20-24, 2019, for Greater & Greener 2019: Exploring Natural Connections. This five-day indoor and outdoor conference will focus on the role of urban parks in creating healthy, resilient, equitable, and economically competitive cities. Greater & Greener 2019 is presented by City Parks Alliance in partnership with Denver Parks and Recreation.
Greater & Greener 2019 Conference Tracks include:
- Activating Urban Parks through Recreation
- City Parks Essentials
- Equity
- Parks as Infrastructure
- Urban Greening and Biodiversity
Registration is open.
https://www.greatergreener.org/
Webinar: Trail Towns - Leveraging Trails for Community and Economic Development
Courtesy of American Trails
Date: March 21, 2019, 1:00 pm to 2:30 pm ET
Presenter(s): Harry Burkholder (Land Information Access Assn.), Russell Clark (National Park Service), Helen Siewers (Cave Country Trails) & Seth Wheat (State of KY)
Host: American Trails
Details: $19 for members, $39 for nonmembers; closed captioning available
This webinar will take an in depth look at Trail Towns through programs in Kentucky and Michigan. Learn how community partners work to implement economic development, recreation and quality of life planning through Trail Towns. State tourism, regional non-profit organizations, and local communities will discuss the role they have in creating on the ground success.
https://www.americantrails.org/training/trail-towns-leveraging-trails-for-community-and-economic-development
2019 National Coastal Conference - Call for Abstracts
The American Shore & Beach Preservation Association (ASBPA), in cooperation with the Coastal Zone Foundation, announces the Call for Abstracts for its 2019 National Coastal Conference, October 22- October 25 at the Myrtle Beach Convention Center in South Carolina.
ASBPA is the nation's first organization to promote science-based policies for the preservation of coastal areas. The theme of the 2019 conference, "Where Coasts & Rivers Meet" continues to broaden our focus across the entire physical coastal and estuarine system. The National Coastal Conference provides an opportunity for coastal stakeholders and managers to develop collaborative networks to promote best management practices, while learning the latest science, engineering and policy needed to maintain and improve the health of our beachfront and estuarine shorelines and ecosystems.
Abstracts are due by May 4, 2019.
http://asbpa.org/2019/02/07/call-for-abstracts-2019-conference-where-coasts-and-rivers-meet-due-may-4/
Regional Parks Operation Chief
County of San Bernardino Regional Parks, California
Posted February 13, 2019. Closes February 22, 2019.
Forest Preserve District of Cook County, Illinois
Posted February 6, 2019. Closes March 7, 2019.
City of Las Vegas, Nevada
Posted January 24, 2019. Closes February 22, 2019.
Assistant Park Manager
Ingham County, Michigan
Posted January 18, 2019. Closes March 3, 2019.
Director of Outdoor Experiences & Education
Cleveland Metroparks, Ohio
Posted December 20, 2018. Open until filled.
National Association of County Park and Recreation Officials
PO Box 74 | Marienville, PA 16239
814-927-8212 | [email protected]
© Copyright 2019 National Association of County Park and Recreation Officials. All rights reserved.


Enjoy a finger-snapping, toe-tapping time on this tour of America's most famed musical cities. Visit New Orleans, Memphis and Nashville as you revel in the sounds of the blues, jazz, country, and good old rock 'n' roll. Experience America's most singular city in New Orleans, home to the French Quarter where the world's great jazz musicians reside. Spend two nights in Memphis, "birthplace of the blues," and tour Elvis Presley's Graceland. Enjoy reserved seats at the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville, Tennessee and a backstage tour. Tour historic RCA Studio B and see where country legends recorded hit songs. A visit to the Country Music Hall of Fame is sure to have you humming long after you return home.
Interested in America's Music Cities?


International Rectifier Corp. (IR, El Segundo, CA) introduced its new iPOWIR™ iP1201 and iP1202 dual-output, two-phase, dc-dc power blocks in single, BGA packages for synchronous buck applications. The new devices simplify design, reduce size, and streamline computing and telecommunications power system time-to-market.
The new iP1201 and iP1202 have no de-rating requirements up to 90 °C; are fully optimized for medium-current, synchronous buck applications requiring up to 15 A dual output or 30 A single output with an interleaved input; feature built-in, full-function, pulse-width modulation control and protection circuits with optimized power semiconductors and passive components; and allow a wide input and output voltage range. The iP1201 covers input bus voltages from 3 V to 5.5 V, and the iP1202 covers from 5.5 V to 13.2 V, with outputs as low as 0.8 V and as high as 5 V at full current.
The iP1201 and iP1202 are available immediately. Pricing is $10.05 each in 1,000-unit quantities.


text:
Q: Suppose X and Y are independent Poisson random variables with respective parameters $\lambda$ and 2$\lambda$. Find $E[Y-2*X|X+Y=10]$ Suppose X and Y are independent Poisson random variables with respective parameters $\lambda$ and 2$\lambda$. Find $E[Y-2*X|X+Y=10]$
So, I've tried to tackle the problem several different ways, including just assuming the sum of to Poisson distributions = P($\lambda_1$+$\lambda_2$) =$2\lambda - 2*\lambda=0$ and also that
$E[Y-2*X|X+Y=10]$ = $E[Y|X+Y=10]$+$E[-2*X|X+Y=10]$
= $E[Y|X+Y=10]$-2$E[X|X+Y=10]$
and
$E[Y|X+Y=10]$= Bin(n=X+Y=10,p=($\frac{2\lambda}{2\lambda+\lambda})=\frac{2}{3}$)
$E[X|X+Y=10]$= Bin(n=X+Y=10,p=($\frac{\lambda}{2\lambda+\lambda})=\frac{1}{3}$)
=> Bin(10,$\frac{2}{3}$) - Bin(10,$\frac{1}{3}$) = $\frac{20}{3}$-2*$\frac{10}{3}$ = 0
However, my professor seems to be suggesting that this does not equal 0. Is there a step I'm missing from this process or a part of this probability I'm failing to understand?

A: We can look at a more general case that I believe will help solve this problem.
\begin{eqnarray*}
P(X|X+Y=n) &=& \frac{P(X=x, Y=n-x)}{P(Z=n)}\\
&=& \frac{P(X=x)P(Y=n-x)}{P(Z=n)} \\
&=& {n \choose x} \left( \frac{\lambda_1}{\lambda_1+\lambda_2} \right)^x \left( \frac{\lambda_2}{\lambda_1+\lambda_2} \right)^{n-x}
\end{eqnarray*}
Which is a binomial pmf with $p = \left( \frac{\lambda_1}{\lambda_1+\lambda_2} \right)$ and expected value $E(X|X+Y=n) = np = n \left( \frac{\lambda_1}{\lambda_1+\lambda_2} \right)$


Tricked-up Hilux could fall under Gazoo Racing brand as Toyota pushes for more performance models.
On the back of a strong finish to its first year in world rally since competing 17 years ago, Toyota is hoping its Gazoo Racing brand will become a household name here.
The plan to increase awareness of its performance and motorsport brand follows recent news that GR will become Toyota's new performance badge, with the Japanese manufacturer committed to bringing more sports cars to market.
"We don't have any GR branded product in the market at the moment, so as much as possible we want to proliferate the message through motorsport," Toyota motorsport public relations specialist James Wang told Drive.
Despite being slightly odd-sounding compared to the familiar TRD brand, Gazoo Racing or simply 'GR' will replace the in-house tuning shop name which has adorned cars such as the recent Hilux TRD.
"That is the challenge now, so hopefully in the years to come it will become better known, like TRD has been in the past," said Wang.
"In terms of whether we brand it as Gazoo or GR, I think the official name is Toyota Gazoo Racing and we'll continue to go down that road. And that's the whole point of supporting rally this year, we really want to get that Gazoo name out in the Australian market.
"For the foreseeable future, our GR range, as you would have seen in overseas markets, is mostly passenger cars. That's not to rule out the possibility of GR for commercial," he said.
Unlike some recent TRD vehicles which are more stickers than gear, Gazoo tuned vehicles get a comprehensive tune at GR's permanent Nurburgring facility. Its most recent Yaris GRMN combines retuned Sachs suspension, a Torsen LSD and supercharged 1.8-litre engine producing 155kW and 250Nm among other changes. We won't get that car locally but Toyota is pushing Japan to bring in upcoming models, acknowledging Australia's appetite for performance cars.
"It's all under study, so with the Yaris GRMN in limited production, unfortunately there's no real chance to bring that particular car over. But given the opportunity with future GR models, we've got our hands held high," said Wang.
"We're very much aware of the Australian motoring fraternity and as we know, we've got a huge appetite for performance cars," said Wang.
While Wang says no product has been made available to Australia yet, he does say that "feedback has been positive" from Toyota Japan in response to the local arms proposal.
Interested in buying Toyota Hilux? Visit our Toyota showroom for more information.
We help you find the best purchase deal available for a Toyota Hilux.


A response inspired today by the prompt for "gripe" poems at Poetic Asides and an article I just read about gender labelled toys. This is something I rant about regularly to anyone who will listen. Makes me nostalgic for my own childhood play, when my Lego came in all colours and my Strawberry Shortcake miniatures rode around on Hot Wheels.
This Barbie is battle-ready, baby.
toys, toys for girls and boys.
I'm happy to have my poem "After Breakfast" featured on A Quiet Courage today. Check out this great site, and consider submitting some short poems or micro-fiction.


Maxim Lighting's Solstice LED fandelier brings a little coolness to the Mid-Century Modern style. The fandelier includes a six-speed remote control and is dimmable. Finished in Satin Nickel.
Part of Maxim Lighting's Bodega Bay collection, this LED eight-light fandelier comes with a remote for the fan and has dimming capabilities. Finished in Antique Pecan.


text:
Q: How can I hook to the command x in gdb? I've tried hooking to other commands such as echo and it works well. But when it comes to hooking the x command, it fails. Here's the codes inside of my .gdbinit file.
set $pince_injection_failed = 1
set $pince_debugging_mode = 0
define hook-x
  if $pince_injection_failed = 1
    echo asdf
end

define hookpost-x
  if $pince_debugging_mode = 0
    echo zxcv
end

I'm aware that gdb doesn't accept aliases of a function for hooking. But x is already a full function isn't it? I couldn't find any aliases for it. I'm also doubting about it because a single character is too short for a command to be

A: I found the solution thanks to the Mark Plotnick. It seems like another fault of mine, I found out that there was a function that had a misplaced end, so all functions came after that function got ignored by gdb naturally.
define keks
  set $lel=0
  while($lel<10)
    x/x 0x00400000
    set $lel = $lel+1
end

Notice the missing end at the end of while loop


Established in 1975, Swagelok Norway (SVAFAS Stavanger Valve & Fitting AS) is a major provider of fluid system solutions including products, assemblies and service.
The components we offer and the service we provide can be integral to the success of our customers, and critical to the safety of those who work each day in high risk environment.
This is a responsibility we do not take lightly.
Postal address: Postboks 368, 4068 Stavanger.
Visiting address: Røynebergsletta 34, 4033 Stavanger.
Our values of Customer Focus, Quality, Integrity, Respect, Continuous Improvement and Innovation are lived each day... they are not just writing on the wall.We use these values as guideposts in all we do, from recruiting new talent to creating new ways to bring value to our customers in Norway.
Our values are not just words on paper. They're who we are.


Shoreline is a multi-phased residential project located on the north shore of Jordanelle Reservoir in the community of Hideout, Utah. In addition to being somewhat remotely located, the soil conditions on this site are extremely challenging as there is but a very small amount of topsoil and then subsurface terrain is rock. Generally the rock is fractured to the point that it can be ripped and excavated, but blasting is not out of the realm of possibilities as construction progresses.


text:
Posted on December 7, 2007 April 29, 2020
Periodontal Disease and the Risk of Adverse Birth Outcomes (Part 2: The Results of a Pilot Study) | Categories Original Research and Reviews	| DOI: 10.26054/0KSYX7D1P8
by Shaheen Hossain, PhD↓, Bruce P. Murray, PhD, FACHE, CAE↓, Robert Satterfield, MStat↓, Richard O. Woodward, DDS↓, Karen Zinner, MPH↓, Nan Streeter, MS, RN↓, Steven Steed, DDS↓, Lois Bloebaum, BSN, MPA↓ & Angeni Marque, BS↓
Preterm birth is the major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Recent studies have suggested that there may be an association between periodontal disease and delivery of preterm and or low birth weight infants. This paper summarizes the results of a pilot study conducted to evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease and preterm low birth weight. This study also explores whether providing clinical preventive periodontal intervention can reduce the risk of adverse birth outcomes. The findings of this evaluation study indicate that there are potential avenues which can be explored to develop a cost analysis for periodontal treatment to be included as a covered benefit for pregnant women.
Preterm birth (PTB) is a major public health problem. The rate of preterm birth has increased significantly in the last decade. In 2004, 12.5% of the births in the U.S. were preterm (i.e., occurred before 37 weeks of gestation) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006). Preterm birth and associated low birth weight (PLBW) represent the major causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity, including neurodevelopmental disabilities, congenital anomalies and behavioral disorders (Vohr et al., 2000). It is estimated that, each year, more than five billion dollars are spent in the U.S. for neonatal care, with the majority of this amount consumed in caring for PLBW infants (Khader, 2005).
Although about half of PTBs have no known risk factors linked with them (Iams et al., 2001), there is emerging evidence of the association between periodontal infection and the risk of PLBW. Studies in this area, using a variety of research designs, have resulted in varied findings. Offenbacher et al. (1996) found a statistically significant association between periodontal disease in pregnant women and PLBW infants. The authors determined that mothers with periodontal infection had more than seven times the risk of delivering a PLBW infant, even after adjusting for other potential risk factors. Jeffcoat et al. (2001) also found an association between periodontal infection and PTB. A randomized controlled trial concluded that periodontal disease appeared to be an independent risk factor for PLBW and that periodontal therapy significantly reduced the rates of PLBW in the women with periodontal disease (Lopez et al., 2002). On the other hand, several epidemiologic studies have concluded that there was no association between periodontal disease and birth outcomes (Davenport et al., 2002; Moore et al., 2004).
Previous studies have not assessed the association between periodontal disease and PLBW among the Medicaid population. Hence, this Utah pilot study, using a sample of pregnant women enrolled in Medicaid, was undertaken to: 1) understand the extent of periodontal disease among pregnant women; 2) assess the association between periodontal disease and PLBW; and 3) determine the possible benefits of preventive intervention in reducing the risk of PLBW. This project represented an effort to evaluate the current standard of care provided by Medicaid, and was a collaborative endeavor between Health Care Financing (Medicaid) and the Maternal and Child Health Bureau both part of the Utah Department of Health (UDOH).
The study population consisted of pregnant women enrolled in Medicaid. Medicaid eligibility for pregnant women in Utah is at 133% of the Federal Poverty Level. Originally this study planned to include three Medicaid Family Dental Plan (FDP) clinics: South Main Clinic in Salt Lake City, Ellis Shipp Clinic in West Salt Lake City, and Provo Clinic. However, during the implementation stage, the study was limited to the South Main dental clinic located in Salt Lake County (the most populous county in Utah). The Institutional Review Board at UDOH reviewed and exempted the study from requiring approval on the basis that the study would serve as a program evaluation "pilot" project. The research group from Medicaid requested that the Department of Workforce Services refer Medicaid eligible pregnant women to this clinic. When women came for their dental visits, they were asked if they would be willing to participate in this pilot study. After the verbal consent was received, the FDP clinic staff administered an intake questionnaire, which included pregnancy history, medical conditions, and demographic information. The completed intake questionnaire containing the subject's signature served as the final consent for participation in the study. Based on this convenience sample, a total of 460 pregnant women were recruited for this study.
Measurement of clinical periodontal status
The periodontal examination was performed using a tool called a PSRTM (Periodontal Screening & Recording, American Dental Association, 1992). The PSR is a specifically designed periodontal probe that features a 0.5mm balled end and a colored band extending from 3.5 to 5.5mm from the tip. A PSR score is determined by assessing how much of the colored band on the PSR probe is visible when the PSR probe is placed in the gingival crevice. The scoring system ranges between 0 – 4. A detailed description of PSR coding is provided in Chart 1. All study participants received a full mouth periodontal assessment. The mouth was divided into sextants–maxillary right, anterior, and left; mandibular left, anterior, and right–and a numeric score was assigned to each area. A dentist, who had been calibrated prior to the study, conducted all clinical periodontal examinations at the project site.
Chart 1. Description of PSR Coding
The criteria used to determine the presence of periodontal disease were based on PSR scores. Study participants with PSR scores under 3 in all sextants were defined as exhibiting no periodontal disease. Women with a score of 3 or greater in one or more sextant(s) were diagnosed as having periodontal disease.
Study intervention
After the periodontal assessment, the study participants were screened for intervention eligibility. Only pregnant women between 22 and 26 weeks gestation with periodontal disease were eligible to receive preventive clinical intervention or periodontal treatment. The intervention in this study consisted of dental prophylaxis, including rubber cap polish and periodontal deep scaling. Those women with periodontal disease who received periodontal treatment were defined as the "intervention" group. The intervention group also received instruction in oral hygiene. Those women who were diagnosed with periodontal disease, but who did not return to the clinic to receive the periodontal treatment or did not receive treatment within the 22-26 week window, were defined as the "non-intervention" group. During the planning stage of the study, an anticipated 30% no-show rate for the dental prophylaxis treatment was anticipated. Group designation was recorded in each subject's treatment chart. The same examiner performed all examinations and measurements.
The recruitment of study participants was done over a three-year period (October 2003 to September 2006) at the South Main project site. Socio-demographic information, pregnancy and medical history were collected at baseline by a structured intake questionnaire. This collection of information was followed by a clinical full-mouth periodontal examination where a PSR score was recorded. The FDP clinic staff reminded participants of their scheduled periodontal intervention appointments. PSR scores and the types of interventions given were recorded on the subject's treatment form.
Information on labor/delivery, birth outcome and health of the newborn were collected from birth certificate data. All intake questionnaires and treatment forms were provided to UDOH by the project site dental clinician for data entry and linkage with birth certificate data.
Study Outcomes
Gestational age and birth weight were selected as the main birth outcome characteristics of interest. Additionally, birth outcome characteristics were further subdivided into several categories: preterm (<37 weeks gestation), extreme preterm (<32 weeks gestation), low birth weight (LBW, <2,500 g), very low birth weight (VLBW, <1,500 g), and PLBW (<37 weeks gestation and <2,500g). Birth outcomes were determined by linking dental clinic data (intake and treatment forms) with birth certificate data. The calculation of gestational age at delivery was based on the clinical estimate of gestation recorded on the birth certificate. This clinical estimate on the birth record is defined as the age in total weeks completed from the last menstrual period date to the date of delivery.
The dental clinic data were merged with birth certificate 2003-2006 data. Since the birth certificate 2006 data were not finalized at the time of analysis, preliminary 2006 birth data (available through Medicaid Data Warehouse) were used for this pilot study. Linkage was performed in multiple cycles using both deterministic and probabilistic approaches. Analyses for this study included descriptive statistics, chi squared tests, t-tests and logistic regression. All analysis was performed using SAS version 9.1.
A total of 460 pregnant women were recruited from the FDP clinic to participate in this pilot study. These dental clinic data were merged with birth certificate data. Deterministic linkage generated 403 matched records from the possible 460 dental clinic records. Use of mother's name, date of birth (DOB), and infant delivery date generated an additional 14 matched records, yielding a total of 417 cases. Forty-three cases were unmatched due to incomplete information (missing DOB and names), miscarriages, or fetal deaths. Women with multiple gestations were excluded from the analysis. A total of 400 women with singleton births were included in the final study sample. Table 1 summarizes the characteristics of the study participants. The majority (71.7%) of the study participants were 20-29 years old. About ninety-two percent of the participants were white. Thirteen percent of the study population was of Hispanic/Latina ethnicity. Close to one in five (18.1%) women smoked during pregnancy. More than three-fourths (77.8%) of women began prenatal care during their first trimester. Approximately five percent of women had a history of previous preterm birth.
Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of Study Participants
A summary of the periodontal disease status of study participants based on PSR scores is presented in Table 2. PSR scores of 0-2 indicate a gingival pocket depth of less than 3.5 mm, and were considered as absence of periodontal disease. Scores of 3-4 indicate a pocket depth of at least 3.5 mm or greater, and were considered as indication of the presence of periodontal disease. More than a third (40.5%) of the participants was diagnosed with periodontal disease.
Table 2. Periodontal Disease Status
Women participating in the study diagnosed with periodontal disease were eligible to receive a clinical preventive intervention between 22-26 weeks' gestation. Of the 162 women with periodontal disease, 108 women received the intervention. The remaining 54 women with periodontal disease who did not receive intervention became the comparison group against which to evaluate the birth outcomes and benefits of the interventions. Table 3 provides the demographic characteristics, and the pregnancy and medical history characteristics of both intervention and non-intervention groups. The average ages of intervention and non-intervention groups were similar. However, there was a significant difference in educational levels between the groups. The intervention group had a higher proportion of women with education beyond high school compared to the non-intervention group (33% vs. 21%, p=.05). The non-intervention group contained a higher percentage of nulliparous women and smokers than the intervention group, although these differences were not statistically significant. Eight women in the intervention group had a history of preterm birth compared to only one in the non-intervention group. The data illustrate that a higher proportion of women in the non-intervention group had urinary tract infections and bacterial vaginosis compared to women in the intervention group, but the differences were not statistically significant. In both groups, all women with infections had treatment, as reported on the intake form.
Table 3. Characteristics of Intervention and Non-Intervention Groups
In order to assess the relationship between periodontal disease and adverse birth outcomes, analysis included women with no periodontal disease (PSR code <2) and those with periodontal disease who received no intervention. We excluded the women with periodontal disease and who received periodontal treatment from this particular analysis. The comparisons of birth outcomes are presented in Table 4. The rates of PLBW were slightly higher among women with periodontal disease (non-intervention group) compared to women without periodontal disease (5.3% vs. 3.9%), however, these differences were not statistically significant even controlling for the effects of smoking. The data shows that there were no significant associations between periodontal disease and adverse birth outcomes (preterm, low birth weight, or preterm low birth weight).
Table 4. Periodontal Disease and Birth Outcomes
The impacts of periodontal treatment and associated birth outcomes are shown in Table 5. Infants in the intervention group had a higher average gestational age (38.6 ±2.1 vs. 38.3 ±1.9) and a higher average birth weight (3251.8 ±573.7 vs. 3193.8 ±493.9) than in the non-intervention group, but the differences were not significant. Neither preterm nor extreme preterm categories were significantly different when both groups were examined. This pattern was also observed for LBW and VLBW categories. It is possible that the lack of significant differences in birth outcomes, between the intervention group and the non-intervention group, may be attributed to small numbers rather than the effect of periodontal treatment. Interpretations of results are difficult due to these small numbers.\
Table 5. Impacts of Periodontal Treatment
Preterm birth in Utah is of great concern to public health professionals, because preterm infants are at significant risk for serious and lasting health problems. In 2005, of the 51,517 live births in Utah, 10% were preterm. Among the total Medicaid population the preterm rate was higher, at 11%. The state singleton preterm birth rate was 8%, while the Medicaid rate was close to 10%.
The average costs associated with one preterm infant range from $8,000 to more than $70,000 (UDOH, 2005). Based on 2005 hospital discharge data, $165 million were spent statewide on the care of preterm infants. The Medicaid population accounted for 39% of premature births (n=1,981) and consumed more than $63 million (UDOH, 2005). The costs of caring for these numbers of preterm infants are staggering, both in terms of immediate health care dollars and long-term impacts on families and society.
While the economic expense associated with PLBW infants is huge, the cost of providing thorough periodontal intervention is modest. The cost of periodontal treatment that includes dental prophylaxis, scaling, and root planing averages from approximately $32 to $1,000 per patient. Even if providing such periodontal intervention to pregnant women had only modest impacts on the incidence of preterm birth, the economic savings would be immense.
The UDOH conducted this pilot project as a program management/program evaluation study for the purpose of optimizing service delivery. One of the purposes of this study was to understand the extent of periodontal disease among the Medicaid population of pregnant women in Utah. It was found that more than one third (41%) of women referred for dental care to the study site were diagnosed as having periodontal disease. This study also found no statistically significant association between periodontal disease and risk of PLBW. The data indicated that the periodontal intervention did not significantly alter rates of PLBW.
There are important limitations to keep in mind as the results of this pilot study are compared to those of other studies. The study population was based on a convenience sample without any randomization applied. It consisted only of pregnant women who appeared at the Salt Lake County South Main FDP clinic for dental care and who were willing to participate in this study. Initially this study was planned to include multiple dental clinicians in three FDP clinics. However, this pilot study was only implemented in one site. The participation of only one clinic site greatly prolonged the time required to gather adequate data for analysis. This situation placed an extra burden on one site and limited the possibility of generalizing the findings of the study to the entire Medicaid pregnant population in Utah. The small numbers of women in the intervention and non-intervention groups, made it unfeasible to control for potentially confounding factors. Larger numbers of cases are necessary to provide more reliable estimates of statistical significance.
The results of the pilot study may not be comparable with those of other studies due differences in clinical preventive interventions. Other studies have often included plaque control, scaling, and root planing as preventive interventions (Lopez et al., 2002; Offenbacher et al., 1996). In this UDOH study, rubber cap polish and periodontal deep scaling were offered as interventions. Root planing was not offered. The criteria for the diagnosis of periodontal disease also vary from study to study.
The optimal time for providing dental care to pregnant women for maximum effectiveness in impacting preterm birth is unknown. It is possible that periodontal intervention was delivered too late in pregnancy for maximum impact on birth outcome. Studies have varied in terms of the timing of interventions. Some offered the interventions before 20 weeks' gestation, while others offered interventions before 35 weeks'. The window of intervention for this study was set between 22-26 weeks. The recommendation made by Michalowicz et al. (2006, p.1893) appears wise, that additional studies are needed to determine "whether the provision of periodontal treatment even earlier in pregnancy or before conception might improve birth outcomes."
A portion of our study population received antibiotics during pregnancy as treatment for infections. Such antibiotic treatment can confound the effects of periodontal interventions (Jeffcoat et al., 2001; Michalowicz et al., 2006). We were unable to control for type of treatment due to lack of data.
Although the present study disclosed no association between periodontal disease and adverse birth outcomes, other research has established possible connections between oral bacteria and systemic diseases, including PLBW. Hence, it is advisable for public health professionals, clinical practitioners, and health care policy makers to make optimal dental care available to all pregnant women. As a means of prevention, it is prudent for pregnant women to be screened for periodontal disease and referred to periodontal specialists in order to avoid the potential for unfavorable birth outcomes. All pregnant women, and women considering pregnancy, should have dental check-ups, including a gingival evaluation. Dental visits during pregnancy provide an ample opportunity to educate women about the importance of oral health both to their own overall health, and to the overall health of their children. Since the emotional and financial costs of prematurity are immense, caution would recommend easy access to periodontal care for all pregnant women. Such a recommendation is consistent with the health guidelines for pregnant women suggested by the Baby Your Baby and Mind Your Mouth programs at the UDOH. The findings of this evaluation study indicate that there are potential avenues which can be explored to develop a cost analysis for periodontal treatment to be considered for inclusion in a benefits package for pregnant women. Preventive interventions have been shown to be more cost effective than treatment.
In the future, further study using a scientifically oriented research design would be prudent. It would provide an opportunity to address the uncertainties raised by the limitations of this pilot study.
American Dental Association and The American Academy of Periodontology. (1992). Periodontal screening & recording. Retrieved December 19, 2005, from http://www.ada.org/prof/resources/topics/perioscreen/index.asp.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006). Births: Final data for 2004. National Vital Statistics Reports. Vol. 55, No. 1. 1-102.
Davenport, E.S.; Williams, C.; Sterne, J.; Murad, S.; Sivapathasundram, V.; Curtis, M.D. (2002). Maternal periodontal disease and preterm low birthweight: Case-control study. J Dent Res, Vol. 81(5), 313-318.
Iams, J.D.; Goldenberg, R.L.; Mercer, B.M. (2001). The preterm prediction study: Can low-risk women destined for spontaneous preterm birth be identified? American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Vol. 184, 652-655.
Utah Department of Health, Center for Health Data, Indicator-Based Information System for Public Health website: http://ibis.health.utah.gov/. (2005). Inpatient hospital discharge query module for Utah counties and local health districts. Retrieved on January 4, 2005.
Jeffcoat, M.K.; Geurs, N.C.; Reddy, M.S.; Cliver, S.P.; Goldenberg, R.L.; Hauth, J.C. (2001, July). Periodontal infection and preterm birth. Journal of the American Dental Association, Vol. 132, 875-880.
Khader, Y.S.; Quteish, T. (2005, February). Periodontal diseases and the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight: A meta-analysis. Journal of Periodontology. Vol. 76(2), 161-165.
Lopez, N.J.; Smith, P.C.; Gutierrez, J. (2002). Periodontal therapy may reduce the risk of preterm low birth weight in women with periodontal disease: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Periodontology, Vol. 73, No. 8, 911-924.
Michalowicz, B.S; Hodges, J.S.; DeAngelis, A. J.; Lupo, V.R.; Novak, M.J.; Ferguson, J.E.; Buchanan, W.; Bofill, J.; Papanou, P.N.; Mitchell, D.A.; Matseoane, S.; Tschida, P.A. (2006). Treatment of periodontal disease and the risk of preterm birth. New England Journal of Medicine. Vol. 355, No. 18, 1885-1894.
Moore, S.; Ide, M.; Coward, P.Y.; Randhawa, M.; Borkowska, E.; Baylis, R.; Wilson, R.F. (2004). A prospective study to investigate the relationship between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcome. British Dental Journal, Vol. 197, No. 5, 251-258.
Offenbacher, S.; Katz, V.; Fertik, G. (1996). Periodontal infection as a possible risk factor for preterm low birth weight. Journal of Periodontology, Vol. 67, 1103-1113.
Vohr, B.R.; Wright, L.L.; Dusick, A.M. (2000). Neurodevelopmental and functional outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, 1993-1994. Pediatrics. Vol. 105, 1216-1226.
CategoriesOriginal Research and Reviews TagsVolume 0
Periodontal Disease and the Risk of Adverse Birth Outcomes (Part 2: The Results of a Pilot Study) by Shaheen Hossain, PhD, Bruce P. Murray, PhD, FACHE, CAE, Robert Satterfield, MStat, Richard O. Woodward, DDS, Karen Zinner, MPH, Nan Streeter, MS, RN, Steven Steed, DDS, Lois Bloebaum, BSN, MPA & Angeni Marque, BS
Shaheen Hossain, PhD ↑
Shaheen Hossain, PhD, Program Manager Data Resources Program, MCH Bureau PO Box 142001 Salt Lake City, Utah, 84114-2001 (801) 538-6855
View more for Shaheen Hossain, PhD →
Bruce P. Murray, PhD, FACHE, CAE ↑
View more for Bruce P. Murray, PhD, FACHE, CAE →
Robert Satterfield, MStat ↑
View more for Robert Satterfield, MStat →
Richard O. Woodward, DDS ↑
View more for Richard O. Woodward, DDS →
Karen Zinner, MPH ↑
View more for Karen Zinner, MPH →
Nan Streeter, MS, RN ↑
View more for Nan Streeter, MS, RN →
Steven Steed, DDS ↑
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Lois Bloebaum, BSN, MPA ↑
View more for Lois Bloebaum, BSN, MPA →
Angeni Marque, BS ↑
View more for Angeni Marque, BS →
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The Real McCain
Although John McCain sometimes takes unpopular stands, he stands on his principles, and he doesn't back away just because his position is unpopular.
Here is an interesting piece from the New York Times about John McCain that I wanted to share with your readers.
It reminds us of some of his unpopular stands, including that his opposition to ethanol subsidies cost him the vote in Iowa in the 2000 Presidential primary.
But as this article points out, he was right - "A recent study in the journal Science has shown that when you take all impacts into consideration, ethanol consumption increases greenhouse gas emissions compared with regular gasoline."
McCain believes in across-the-aisle cooperation to do what is right for America. We need more like him in Congress, with the intestinal fortitude to do what is right, regardless of its popularity.
Non-partisanship is necessary to the future of this country!
David Brooks has made some good points here.
"You wouldn't know it to look at them, but political consultants are as faddish as anyone else. And the current vogueish advice among the backroom set is: "Go after your opponent's strengths."
So in the first volley of what feels like the general election campaign, Barack Obama has attacked John McCain for being too close to lobbyists. His assault is part of this week's Democratic chorus: "McCain isn't really the anti-special interest reformer he pretends to be. He's more tainted than his reputation suggests."
Well, anything is worth trying, I suppose, but there is the little problem of his record. McCain has fought one battle after another against lobbyists and special interests. And while I don't have space to describe all his tussles, or even the lesser ones like his fight with the agricultural lobby against sugar subsidies, I thought that, amidst all these charges, it might be worth noting some of the McCain highlights from the past dozen years.
In 1996, McCain was one of five senators, and the only Republican, to vote against the Telecommunications Act. He did it because he believed the act gave away too much to the telecommunications companies, and protected them from true competition. He noted that AT&T alone gave $780,000 to Republicans and $456,000 to Democrats in the year leading up to the vote.
In 1998, McCain championed anti-smoking legislation that faced furious opposition from the tobacco lobby. McCain guided the legislation through the Senate Commerce Committee on a 19-1 vote, but then the tobacco companies struck back. They hired 200 lobbyists and spent $40 million in advertising (three times as much as the Harry and Louise health care reform ads). Many of the ads attacked McCain by name, accusing him of becoming a big government liberal. After weeks of bitter debate, the bill died on the Senate floor.
McCain ran for president and reiterated his longstanding opposition to ethanol subsidies. Though it crippled his chances in Iowa, he argued that ethanol was a wasteful giveaway. A recent study in the journal Science has shown that when you take all impacts into consideration, ethanol consumption increases greenhouse gas emissions compared with regular gasoline. Unlike, say, Barack Obama, McCain still opposes ethanol subsidies.
In 2002, McCain capped his long push for campaign finance reform by passing the McCain-Feingold Act. People can argue about the effectiveness of the act, but one thing is beyond dispute. It was a direct assault on lobbyist power, and earned McCain undying enmity among many important parts of the Republican coalition, who felt their soft money influence was being diminished.
In 2003, the Senate nearly passed the McCain-Lieberman Climate Stewardship Act. The act was opposed by the usual mix of energy, auto and mining companies. But moderate environmental groups were thrilled that McCain-Lieberman was able to attract more than 40 votes in the Senate.
In 2004, McCain launched a frontal assault on the leasing contract the Pentagon had signed with Boeing for aerial refueling tankers. McCain's investigation exposed billions of dollars of waste and layers of contracting irregularity.
In 2005, McCain led the Congressional investigation into the behavior of the lobbyist Jack Abramoff. The investigation was exceedingly unpleasant for Republicans, because it exposed shocking misbehavior by important conservative activists.
Over the past few years, McCain has stepped up his longstanding assault on earmarks. Every year, McCain goes to the Senate floor to ridicule the latest batch of earmarks, and every year his colleagues and the lobbyists fume. For years, McCain has proposed legislative remedies -- greater transparency, a 60-vote supermajority requirement -- that were brutally unpopular with many colleagues until, suddenly, now.
Over the course of his career, McCain has tried to do the impossible. He has challenged the winds of the money gale. He has sometimes failed and fallen short. And there have always been critics who cherry-pick his compromises, ignore his larger efforts and accuse him of being a hypocrite.
This is, of course, the gospel of the mediocre man: to ridicule somebody who tries something difficult on the grounds that the effort was not a total success. But any decent person who looks at the McCain record sees that while he has certainly faltered at times, he has also battled concentrated power more doggedly than any other legislator. If this is the record of a candidate with lobbyists on his campaign bus, then every candidate should have lobbyists on the bus.
And here's the larger point: We're going to have two extraordinary nominees for president this year. This could be one of the great general election campaigns in American history. The only thing that could ruin it is if the candidates become demagogues and hurl accusations at each other that are an insult to reality and common sense.
Maybe Obama can start this campaign over."
Return to Share Your Election Opinions 2008.


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Ammonia gas — what you need to know about it
Posted by Kirk Johnson | November 10, 2017 | Gas Detection
What is ammonia gas?
The New York Department of Health describes ammonia gas as a colorless, alkaline gas comprised of nitrogen and hydrogen (NH3) that has a strong odor, often associated with window cleaner. Ammonia is a natural, biological agent in organisms that helps to form amino acids, which are the basic building blocks of proteins. It also involved in the natural decomposition of plant and animal materials. When present in higher concentrations, ammonia gas is hazardous to workers and the public.
What is ammonia gas used for?
Many industries make use of ammonia gas for several applications:
Agricultural fertilizer
Refrigerant gas that has in large part replaced chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Manufacturing plastics and other chemicals
A building block for pharmaceuticals
Ammonia gas properties
According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, ammonia has boiling temperature of -33°C (-28°F) — ammonia is a gas a room temperature. While it is lighter than air, a release of pressurized ammonia gas can collect at ground-level until the aerosol cloud becomes diluted and begins to rise. Dilute ammonia gas that has left the cloud / vapor phase will generally not collect in low-lying areas such as heavier-than-air gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
Ammonia gas is very hydrophilic, meaning it is water-loving. When stored as a gas or compressed liquid without presence of water moisture, ammonia is referred to as anhydrous ammonia.
Impact on safety
Upon release to the environment, ammonia gas is very quick to attach itself to moisture, such as found in a person's eyes, mouth, throat, lungs and on his or her skin. Ammonia is very caustic, forming ammonium hydroxide that has a higher pH than water and can damage respiratory systems, disrupt vision and irritate or burn skin upon contact. The caustic action of ammonium hydroxide damages cell membranes, causing more liquid to be released that further interacts with ammonia gas, perpetuating the effects on the human body.
Odor threshold of ammonia gas
Although not every organization agrees on the perceptible threshold, OSHA estimates that people begins to smell ammonia gas ranging from 5 to 50 ppm. Experience in the industry indicates that workers consistently subjected to weak ammonia levels may become somewhat desensitized to its presence.
Ammonia gas exposure
According to Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, nose and throat irritation can result from ammonia exposure ranging from 24–50 parts per million (ppm) after ten minutes of exposure. With a higher ammonia concentration ranging from 72–134 ppm, the same irritation can occur in half the time. For a concentration of 700 ppm, immediate and severe irritation would likely occur. At a concentration of 5,000 ppm, respiratory spasms and rapid suffocation occurs. At 10,000 ppm, pulmonary edema and potentially fatal accumulation of liquid in the lungs would occur.
Detection of ammonia gas
As with all safety regulations, the safe work exposure limits for ammonia vary from region to region.
In the United Kingdom, the Health and Safety Executive specifies safe exposure limits for ammonia gas as 25 ppm for an eight-hour time-weighted average (TWA) and 35 ppm for a 15-minute short-term exposure limit (STEL).
In the United States, OSHA specifies the permissible exposure limit (PEL) for ammonia gas as 50 ppm for an eight-hour TWA, allowing a higher limit of 100 ppm for a shorter four-hour TWA.
The recommended exposure limit (REL) specified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is 25 ppm for an eight-hour TWA. NIOSH specifies the immediately dangerous to life or health concentration (IDLH) at 500 ppm.
Blackline Safety G7 wireless gas and lone worker monitoring
While ammonia gas has a broad range of uses, from a refrigerant and fertilizer to being a raw material for many processes, it's hazardous to the health of nearby workers and the public. Personal gas detection with an ammonia sensor is an invaluable method for businesses to help personnel keep an eye on safe work environments and the potential for ammonia gas exposure.
Wireless gas detection and communications solves the challenge of triggering an emergency response when a worker has been exposed to ammonia gas and cannot self-rescue. Blackline Safety developed its G7 wireless gas detection and lone worker monitors to solve this exact problem — to empower a real-time emergency response for when seconds count. G7 features an ammonia gas sensor option that alerts live monitoring personnel when an employee needs help, directing responders to the employee's exact location. Best of all, G7 safety monitoring technology and cloud-based monitoring portal are a turnkey solution that don't rely on facility Wi-Fi networks or power to operate. As a standalone system, no smartphones or Bluetooth connections are required.
Let us know if you have any questions on how G7 may be able to complement your gas detection or lone worker monitoring programs.
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The initial steps of tuft-setting are the same as for burling: secure matching yarn and remove the damage pile yarns to create a bare area. Up coming apply a clear-drying, latex-based seam cement on the open spot with an absorbent cotton swab. You will right now need a tuft-setting tool, but if this is not available, a thin projectile punch or a thin chop nail may be substituted. Job a loop of the yarn in one end of the hard area and insert your tool against the U-shaped bottom level portion of the loop. Travel this U-loop portion into the carpet backing with a very light tap of a sludge hammer against the top of the tool. Steer clear of a heavy blow, since this may force the pile tuft through the fabric. Even worse, a very good blow can distort the backing into an bigger hole that would prevent the normal tension in the backing coming from holding the replaced yarn in the carpet.
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Persan és un municipi francès situat al departament de Val-d'Oise (regió d'Illa de França). L'any 2007 tenia 10.250 habitants.

Forma part del cantó de L'Isle-Adam, del districte de Pontoise i de la Comunitat de comunes de l'Haut Val-d'Oise.

Demografia

Població
El 2007 la població de fet de Persan era de 10.250 persones. Hi havia 3.564 famílies, de les quals 964 eren unipersonals (423 homes vivint sols i 541 dones vivint soles), 747 parelles sense fills, 1.391 parelles amb fills i 462 famílies monoparentals amb fills.

La població ha evolucionat segons el següent gràfic:

Habitatges
El 2007 hi havia 3.860 habitatges, 3.655 eren l'habitatge principal de la família, 14 eren segones residències i 191 estaven desocupats. 1.593 eren cases i 2.171 eren apartaments. Dels 3.655 habitatges principals, 1.455 estaven ocupats pels seus propietaris, 2.137 estaven llogats i ocupats pels llogaters i 63 estaven cedits a títol gratuït; 276 tenien una cambra, 439 en tenien dues, 885 en tenien tres, 1.145 en tenien quatre i 910 en tenien cinc o més. 1.752 habitatges disposaven pel capbaix d'una plaça de pàrquing. A 1.844 habitatges hi havia un automòbil i a 927 n'hi havia dos o més.

Piràmide de població
La piràmide de població per edats i sexe el 2009 era:

Economia
El 2007 la població en edat de treballar era de 6.980 persones, 5.071 eren actives i 1.909 eren inactives. De les 5.071 persones actives 4.243 estaven ocupades (2.334 homes i 1.909 dones) i 828 estaven aturades (415 homes i 413 dones). De les 1.909 persones inactives 365 estaven jubilades, 696 estaven estudiant i 848 estaven classificades com a «altres inactius».

Ingressos
El 2009 a Persan hi havia 3.511 unitats fiscals que integraven 10.066,5 persones, la mediana anual d'ingressos fiscals per persona era de 15.117 €.

Activitats econòmiques
Dels 364 establiments que hi havia el 2007, 5 eren d'empreses extractives, 3 d'empreses alimentàries, 7 d'empreses de fabricació de material elèctric, 1 d'una empresa de fabricació d'elements pel transport, 21 d'empreses de fabricació d'altres productes industrials, 49 d'empreses de construcció, 82 d'empreses de comerç i reparació d'automòbils, 22 d'empreses de transport, 38 d'empreses d'hostatgeria i restauració, 11 d'empreses d'informació i comunicació, 13 d'empreses financeres, 12 d'empreses immobiliàries, 42 d'empreses de serveis, 32 d'entitats de l'administració pública i 26 d'empreses classificades com a «altres activitats de serveis».

Dels 111 establiments de servei als particulars que hi havia el 2009, 1 era una comissaria de policia, 2 oficines del servei públic d'ocupació, 1 oficina de correu, 2 oficines bancàries, 3 funeràries, 10 tallers de reparació d'automòbils i de material agrícola, 3 tallers d'inspecció tècnica de vehicles, 2 autoescoles, 8 paletes, 5 guixaires pintors, 3 fusteries, 6 lampisteries, 6 electricistes, 11 empreses de construcció, 9 perruqueries, 3 veterinaris, 4 agències de treball temporal, 25 restaurants, 2 agències immobiliàries, 2 tintoreries i 3 salons de bellesa.

Dels 21 establiments comercials que hi havia el 2009, 1 era, 1 un hipermercat, 2 botiges de menys de 120 m², 3 fleques, 4 carnisseries, 1 una carnisseria, 3 llibreries, 3 botigues de roba, 1 una sabateria, 1 una botiga de material de revestiment de parets i terra i 1 una joieria.

L'any 2000 a Persan hi havia 4 explotacions agrícoles que ocupaven un total de 604 hectàrees.

Equipaments sanitaris i escolars
Els quatre equipaments sanitaris que hi havia el 2009 eren farmàcies. El 2009 hi havia quatre escoles maternals i quatre escoles elementals. Persan disposava d'un col·legi d'educació secundària amb 604 alumnes.

Poblacions properes
El següent diagrama mostra les poblacions més properes.

Notes

Enllaços externs

 Résumé statistique Fitxa resum de dades estadístiques de Persan a l'INSEE.
 Évolution et structure de la population Fitxa amb el detall de dades de Persan a l'INSEE
 France par commune  Dades detallades de tots els municipis de França accessibles a partir del mapa.

Municipis del districte de Pontoise

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Ben Hogestyn is a local Malibu Artist that creates one of a kind bags by hand without the use of a sewing machine. Each item is unique. The leathers are sourced from Hermes Tanneries across the globe and the work is perfect. This ostrich clutch is made from a skin that is smoother than usual and is internally lined with leather. Painted side details and the color is exquisite.