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Q: Do not render blank line where Django template tag is? Is there a way to not render blank line where django-tempte tag is?
For instance the following template:
{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8">

Will render to such HTML:
## blank line here
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8">

Is there a way to make it render simply to:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8">

A: If you remove the newline before your <!DOCTYPE it should do the trick:
{% load static %}<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8">

A: Can you give some more context as to why you need this? HTML is built so that spaces shouldn't matter. The space you're seeing is probably a newline character, not a space character. If you need to make it prettier, you can either put your Django tags on the same line as other HTML, e.g.
<head>{% load static %}
or use a minifier or other post-processor after Django renders the template.
The only possible exception to "spaces don't matter" is before your doctype declaration at the very beginning, which really needs to be the first line for the sake of browsers, web crawlers, and others who are looking for it there. If the code you posted is an actual excerpt, I would move your {% load static %} after your <head> tag because you won't need it until then anyway.

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"Enter the desert..."
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Corpus Christi Catholic Parish was founded on September 1, 1984. The first pastor was Reverend Stephen G. Dunn. Dr. John Geis served as its first Deacon. Services were temporarily held at the Bonita Golf Club on Sweetwater Road. Good Shepard Episcopal Church also rented space to the new Catholic Parish from 1984 through 1988.
In 1989 the worship site was moved to a commercial space that previously had been a hardware store next door to the Bonita Post Office in the Bonnie Brae Shopping Center. From its beginning in 1984, Corpus Christi experienced fantastic growth, starting with less than 200 families and continued to 800 families by 1989.
Deacon Jim Hitch, one of the founding members, recalls the challenge of not having a permanent home. "We had mass at Good Shepard Episcopal Church, at the Bonita Golf Club, and eventually found a temporary home at Holy Hardware as the parishioners called it."
In 1986 the Parish purchased a five-acre site in Bonita Long Canyon, on the corner of Corral Canyon Road and Country Vistas Lane. Planning began for a permanent church facility. Reverend John G. Proctor, Jr. became pastor in September 1986. On Sunday, September 10, 1989 Corpus Christi Parish broke ground for its permanent home on Corral Canyon Road. The first mass was held in the new church on Christmas Eve December 24, 1990. Deacon Jim Hitch began serving the parish as a deacon in 1992.
On September 1, 2009 Corpus Christi Church celebrated two special events: commemoration of its Twenty-Fifth Anniversary as a parish, and the ceremonial ground breaking of the new Parish Hall. A special Thanksgiving and Remembrance Mass was celebrated by the Most Reverend Robert H. Brom, Bishop of San Diego.
On June 25, 2011 we celebrated the Feast of Corpus Christi and Bishop Brom dedicated our new Parish Hall marking a new era in our parish life. On September 13, 2011, we opened a preschool in the building we formerly used as our CCD classrooms. Leanna Zarzar Prelle was the founding Director of the Preschool.
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We transform lives through homeownership.
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Videofied to offer webeyeCMS as global cloud-based alarm service
Webeye has announced that Honeywell brand Videofied will offer the webeyeCMS cloud alarm service as part of its global portfolio. The award-winning webeyeCMS platform, which is integrated with the Videofied alarm system, provides both commercial and residential properties with protection and includes a CMS browser and mobile app for either iPhone or Android platforms.
In the initial stages, Videofied will offer a commercial solution incorporating both Videofied hardware and the cloud service to niche sectors like the guarding market.
Videofied will promote the entire solution globally, concentrating particularly on regions outside of those already serviced by Webeye, and has agreed to assist Webeye to penetrate markets where the business already has a presence. Later plans include a residential offering and multi-language support.
Patrice Colas, sales director at Honeywell Homes, said: "The Webeye alarm service has eight years of proven reliability and this, combined with our own Videofied alarm systems, offers a powerful and unique proposition to many markets."
Clive Mason, managing director of Webeye, responded: "We're honoured to have Honeywell Homes as one of our key partners and look forward to a close working relationship that offers our clients a world-beating solution."
Tagged as Alarms, Android, cloud, Commercial Sector, Honeywell, iPhone, ProActiv Publications, Risk Xtra, TheSecurityLion, Videofied, Webeye, webeyeCMS
New service director introduces raft of customer services initiatives at STANLEY Security
To maintain a high level of customer service and product quality for the business going forward, Stephen Hodgkinson-Soto (STANLEY Security's new service director) is concentrating on raising customer support levels, efficiency and Health and Safety practices at the same time as driving forward product development within the company.
Hodgkinson-Soto has worked at STANLEY Security since 2015, previously serving as an installation manager in the US. After moving back to the UK where he was born, Hodgkinson-Soto joined STANLEY Security's British operation last year in the role of service director.
Recognising the "large learning curve" engendered by this promotion, Hodgkinson-Soto embraces the challenge and brings with him considerable skills and enthusiasm which are already beginning to bear fruit.
"Earlier in my career, I worked within the hotel industry and learned a lot about customer service," stated Hodgkinson-Soto. "I'm looking to bring some of these aspects to the security industry which appears to me to be lacking in excellent customer service across the board. With the backing of the full STANLEY team, including our new general manager Matthew Marriott, it's my intention to ensure that we lead the way here and stand out from other players in the market."
Stephen Hodgkinson-Soto
Hodgkinson-Soto is working closely alongside Leanne Taylor, head of customer service, to achieve these goals. The duo have already introduced the Customer First programme which moves away from traditional reactionary models in customer service to a more advanced proactive approach. Customer First is a wide sweeping programme addressing all areas of STANLEY's customer service, from a Customer Discussion Guide aimed at maintaining positive contact with customers throughout their contract period right through to a Bespoke Management service for those customers that require more focused attention.
With responsibilities for a field service team comprising 110 engineers and associated regional managers across Britain, Hodgkinson-Soto is also concentrating on improving efficiency among that team by ensuring constituent members have the right equipment to perform their tasks and meet customers' expectations.
As part of this, Hodgkinson-Soto has introduced an engineer training programme, which will instil engineers with additional knowledge via courses paid for by STANLEY. Hodgkinson-Soto is also looking to create a more formalised career path for engineers to recognise and reward their skills and experience.
Investing in the employees
"Investing in our employees is a priority," stated Hodgkinson-Soto, "as they not only undertake the work on the ground, but are also our company ambassadors who have the most direct contact with customers. We want them to be the best in the business and fly the flag for STANLEY Security."
Hodgkinson-Soto's remit as service director at STANLEY Security also includes overseeing Health and Safety, training and technology, in addition to quality and compliance for the business.
With all of these activities initiated in a relatively short time, Hodgkinson-Soto has plenty of plans for the future, including the formation of a remote maintenance team to specialise in resolving system issues without physical proximity. This will save resources and time for both STANLEY Security and its customers. He's also working with the product team to develop new cutting-edge solutions for security and beyond.
"Since joining," concluded Hodgkinson-Soto, "I've been working towards internal developments which aim to uphold STANLEY's position in the market and also to set us apart as a true forward-thinking leader. It's only by continuously strengthening our core internal practices that we can raise our game to excel at serving our customers. We believe in the necessity of constant improvement to stay ahead. It's challenging and demanding, but we have the right team in place, the right attitude and the capability."
Tagged as Career Development, Compliance, Customer First, Engineers, Health and Safety, Hotel and Leisure Sector, Pro-Activ Publications, Quality Control, Risk Xtra, Security Industry, STANLEY Security, TheSecurityLion, Training


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Reproductive Rebellions in Britain and the Republic of Ireland: Contemporary and Past Abortion Activism and Alternative Sites of Care
Author/s: Ben Kasstan, Sarah Crook
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20897/femenc/3885
Journal: Feminist Encounters: A Journal of Critical Studies in Culture and Politics, Volume 2, Issue 2, Article No: 17
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Kenyan Artwork Growing in International Popularity
By admin Last updated Jan 23, 2023 0
Long overlooked on the international arts scene, Kenya is finally gaining prestige on the world stage. Some artists can now make their living entirely from artwork and collectors are coming from around the world to buy it.
Works by Kenyan artists are exhibited around the globe. World-class galleries cater to foreigners and other Kenyans. And the collectors are paying attention.
Born in Kenya, Amyn Abdula now lives in Vancouver. He has been collecting African art for more than 25 years and has more than 150 pieces. The majority are from Kenya.
"The more I saw, the more it appealed to me," said Abdula. "And I think it was actually, because I had left Africa, and that Africa was still in my heart. And when I went to North America, or Europe, or wherever, and whenever I saw some African stuff, it sort of appealed to me."
Collectors anticipate that Kenyan art will soon become as popular as art from west and South Africa.
Although estimates vary, Kenyan artwork is today selling for an average of 10 times the price it commanded 12 years ago. And figures are expected to go even higher.
Carol Lees owns the One Off contemporary art gallery in Nairobi. She knows first-hand how art collectors are starting to appreciate the value in Kenyan artwork.
"We certainly have some great fine art that has its own very strong individual voice, and is as good as anything you'd buy anywhere in the world," said Lees. "And I think you will see the prices go up quite incredibly in the next eight years. I've heard a couple of collectors say that the time for East African art is just coming and we need to prepare ourselves."
As for the artists, some are becoming household names in the art world.
Peterson Kamwathi is one of Kenya's most well-known contemporary, or so-called second-generation artists. One painting can now fetch more than $10,000.
"I used to have a part-time job," said Kamwathi. " I kind of had to step down. So, I've been living fully off art. So, can I make a living off art? I'm still here. So yeah, maybe, yes."
Like their counterparts around the world, Kenyan artists are telling a story of their culture, political struggles, family life, or just social commentary.
Richard Kimathi is another popular second-generation artist who depicts Kenyan struggles and triumphs through his art.
"I think everything counts," noted Kimathi. "From the people to the politics to the social life. It's sort of a combination of all those things. And then with my own sort of creation. You know, my ideas, I fuse with whatever surrounds me."
And like Kamwathi, Kimathi's name recognition allows him to make his living solely from selling his artwork.
Kenya's burgeoning art industry is attracting collectors from around the world who are interested in its long-term investment opportunities.
But others, like Abdula, have a different reason for collecting Kenyan art.
"Africa. I was born here. It all goes back to my soul. It talks to me. I understand it," said Abdula.
And in Kenya, this voice seems to be talking more and more.
Source- http://www.voanews.com
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Undocumented Kenyan immigrant share stories at Amherst College
Kenyan Diaspora alarmed as Amb. Mwende Mwinzi is Threatened with Recall
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New era beckons as Bill proposes tougher laws on elections
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Stop destroying Kenya's economy, Uhuru tells Raila Odinga


so we got to be special guests and we got to be treated by the Tom Ford makeup artist.
I couldn't wait for the event, from the minute we got in we were greeted by the artist, they were showing everyone the makeup line.
When it was time for the event to start they gave us gift bags from Tom Ford, we didn't look inside right away… we didn't want to look like we were dying to open these bags LOL.
We walked around the store for a little bit until it was time for us to get our makeup done. When you come to these events they don't do a full face of makeup they basically retouch what you already have to show you their products.
I got to try out their eye shadow Duo, It is a cream and a powder that is long lasting, I also tried their blush, highlight and contouring palette and their lipstick.
It felt good to get treated for a change I always do my own makeup, so to have someone else do my makeup was a treat.
I like the makeup very much unfortunately I didn't like the price tag, but if you're able to deal with a price tag… then the products are well worth it! My best friend fell in love with their mist it leaves your skin glowing and it had glitter inside!
I loved their eye shadow Duo, if I were to buy something that would be it.
After we were done with that make up we got treated to some hors d'oeuvres and champagne, so we enjoyed walking around the store looking at makeup while drinking some champagne it was a great day can't complain and I can't wait to get invited to more of these events.


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Tag: unemployment
March 7, 2012 conversableeconomist
A Third Kind of Unemployment?
Economists typically think of unemployment as falling into two categories. There is \"cyclical\" unemployment, which is the unemployment that occurs because of a recession. And there is \"structural\" unemployment–sometimes called the \"natural rate of unemployment\" or the NAIRU for \"nonaccelerating inflation rate of unemployment.\" This is the rate of unemployment that would arise in a dynamic labor market even if there was no recession, as firms expand and contract and people move between jobs. The level of structural unemployment will be influenced by factors that influence the incentives of people to seek out jobs (like the costs of mobility between jobs and the structure of unemployment, welfare, and disability benefits) and the incentives of businesses to hire (including rules affecting the costs of business expansion, rules affecting what firms must provide to employees, and even rule affecting the costs of firing employees, if necessary, later on).
Inconveniently, the unemployment that the United States is currently experiencing doesn\'t fit neatly into either of the two conventional categories.
After all, the recession officially ended in June 2009, according to the Business Cycle Dating Committee of the National Bureau of Economic Research. However, the unemployment rate has been above 8% since February 2009, and in a February 2012 report on \"Understanding and Responding to Persistently High Unemployment,\" the Congressional Budget Office is forecasting that it will remain above 8% until 2014.
In a conventional economic framework, it\'s not clear how to make sense \"cyclical\" unemployment that persists for four or five years after the recession is over. However, the CBO and other forecaster have been predicting all along that the unemployment rate will eventually drop as the aftereffects of the Great Recession wear off, and in that sense it doesn\'t seem like natural or structural unemployment, either.
It\'s not clear what to call this persistent jobless recovery unemployment. \"Lethargic\" unemployment? \"Sluggish\" unemployment? \"Torpid\" unemployment? \"Tar-pit\" unemployment?
However you label it, this this is now the third consecutive \"jobless recovery,\" where it has taken a substantial time after the end of the recession for unemployment rates to come back down. It used to be that unemployment rates peaked almost right at the end of the recession, and the steadily dropped. Here\'s a graph of unemployment rates from the ever-useful FRED website of the St. Louis Fed. Periods of recession are shaded.
For example, when the 1974-75 recession ended in March 1975, unemployment was 8.6%. It climbed just a bit higher, to 9% in May 1975, but then fell steadily and by May 1978 was at 5.9%. Or look at the aftermath of the \"back-to-back\" recessions of 1980-81 and 1982. When the recession ended in November 1982, the unemployment rate was also peaking at 10.8%. It then dropped steadily and was down to 7.2% by November 1984 and 5.9% by September 1987.
In the jobless recoveries since then, the pattern has been different. When the 1990-91 recession ended in March 1991, the unemployment rate was 6.8%. But the unemployment rate kept rising, peaking more than a year later at 7.8% in June 1992. it wasn\'t until August 1993, more than two years after the economy had resumed growing, that unemployment rates had fallen back to the 6.8% rate that prevailed at the official end of the recession.
A similar pattern arose after the 2001 recession. At the end of that recession in November 2001, the unemployment rate was 5.5%. But then the unemployment rate kept rising, peaking out at 6.3% in June 2003. It wasn\'t until July 2004 that unemployment rates declined back to the 5.5% that had prevailed at the end of the 2001 recession.
In the most recent recession, unemployment was at 9.5% in June 2009, when the Great Recession officially ended. The official unemployment rate peaked at 10% in October 2009, and has drifted down since then. But in this recovery, the unemployment rate is an underestimate of labor market woes, because the official unemployment rate only counts those who are \"in the labor force,\" meaning that they are out of work but looking for a job. Those who have given up looking, or who are working part-time but would like full-time work, aren\'t counted as unemployed. The last few years have seen a dramatic drop in the \"labor force participation rate,\" that is, the share of adults who are \"in the labor force.\" This rate rose substantially from the 1970s through the 1990s as a greater share of women entered the (paid) labor force. But with job prospects so poor, it has been dropping off.
The February 2012 CBO report describes the disconnect from the official unemployment rate to a broader appraisal of the U.S. labor market this way: \"The rate of unemployment in the United States has exceeded 8 percent since February 2009, making the past three years the longest stretch of high unemployment in this country since the Great Depression. Moreover, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) projects that the unemployment rate will remain above 8 percent until 2014. The official unemployment rate excludes those individuals who would like to work but have not searched
for a job in the past four weeks as well as those who are working part-time but would prefer full-time work; if those people were counted among the unemployed, the unemployment rate in January 2012 would have been about 15 percent.\"
Our public discussions of what to do about these persistently high rates of lethargic or torpic unemployment have been unfortunately locked into the two older categories of cyclical and structural unemployment.
For example, some argue that if only the federal government had enacted an extra $1 trillion or so in fiscal stimulus, probably backed by a Federal Reserve willing to carry out another \"quantitative easing\" by printing money to finance the Treasury bonds for this stimulus, then the economy and the unemployment rate would be recovering much more quickly. But the federal government is in the process of running its four largest annual deficits since World War II from 2009 to 2012. The Fed is planning to hold the benchmark federal funds interest rate near zero percent for six years (!), while also engaging in $2 trillion of quantitative easing. The amount of countercyclical macroeconomic policy has been massive, and I have a hard time believing that just another boost would have fixed everything.
While I in general supported the countercyclical macroeconomic policies taken during the Great Recession (with some reservations about the details), it seems to me that countercyclical macroeconomic policy is like taking aspirin when you have a bad case of flu–or if you prefer a more extreme metaphor when talking about an unemployment rate that may exceed 8% for 7-8 years, like an athlete taking a cortisone shot for an injury before playing in the big game. Such steps can be worth taking, and they can sometimes even modestly help the healing process, but they are palliative, not curative. Also, the CBO offers a reminder that while more fiscal stimulus could help the economy in the short-term, it will injure the economy over the long run unless it is counterbalanced by a way of holding down government debt over time.
\"Despite the near-term economic benefits, such actions would add to the already large projected budget deficits that would exist under current policies, either immediately or over time. Unless other actions were taken to reverse the accumulation of government debt, the nation's output and people's income would ultimately be lower than they otherwise would have been. To boost the economy in the near term while seeking to achieve long-term fiscal sustainability, a combination of policies would be required: changes in taxes and spending that would increase the deficit now but reduce it later in the decade.\"
But the standard policy agenda for dealing with structural unemployment doesn\'t seem particularly on-point just now, either. Sure, it would be useful to encourage mobility between jobs and to rethink how regulatory and other policies affect incentives to work and to hire. But while this kind of rethinking is always useful, it\'s not clear that it addresses the reality of high unemployment here and now.
We need a convincing theory of this third kind of unemployment–sluggish unemployment, tar-pit unemployment–and an associated sense of what policies are useful for addressing it. Firms as a group have high profits and strong cash reserves, but they are not seeing it as worthwhile to raise hiring substantially, preferring instead to focus on getting more productivity from the existing workforce. Are there ways to reduce the costs and risks that firms face when thinking about hiring? Many households are struggling with outsized debt burdens, including those who have mortgages that are larger than the value of their home. Are there policy levers to help them move past their debt burdens?
Long-term unemployment is very high. CBO writes: \"[T]he share of unemployed people looking
for work for more than six months—referred to as the long-term unemployed—topped 40 percent in December 2009 for the first time since 1948, when such data began to be collected; it has remained above that level ever since.\" What do we know about getting the long-term unemployed back into the labor force? Are there ways to encourage greater mobility of people between jobs, perhaps by spreading more information about job opportunities, making it easier for employers to verify skills of potential employees, or encouraging both greater geographic mobility and mobility across sectors of the economy?
Tolstoy famously started Anna Karenina with the comment: \"All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.\" Each unhappy recession is unhappy its own way, too–and the Great Recession is quite different from previous post-war U.S. recessions. It needs some fresh thinking about policies to address what has happened.
September 16, 2011 conversableeconomist
If Only the Government Could Wave a Magic Wand and Create Jobs
I\'ve written a \"Commentary\" for Minnesota Public Radio\'s news site, \"If only the government could wave a wand and create jobs.\" You can check it out at the MPR website, with an actual photo of me, or just read it here:
\"If only the government could wave a wand and create jobs\"
by Timothy Taylor
Back in 1993 there was a movie called \"Dave,\" which I went to see because it starred Kevin Kline. But for an economist, the ending of the movie was physically painful, because I was rolling my eyes so hard.
In \"Dave,\" an everyday person who looks like the president of the United States ends up through a comic chain of implausibilities actually becoming president. The big end-of-movie wind-up for Kevin Kline\'s \"Dave\" character, acting as the wise and beloved president, is passing a law to eliminate unemployment by having the government guarantee a job for everyone.
You don\'t have to be an economist to suspect that solving unemployment isn\'t this simple. Really? The only reason the United States has unemployment is that we haven\'t passed a law guaranteeing jobs for all? And this great idea of eliminating unemployment by guaranteeing jobs for all hasn\'t occurred to Germany or Sweden or Japan or any other country?
Off the movie screen, incentives and tradeoffs can\'t be ignored. If the government is going to guarantee jobs with wages, it needs to pay for it with taxes, which affects incentives for those who pay current taxes, or with borrowed money, which tends to crowd out private-sector borrowers in the present and also affects the workers who will need to pay taxes to repay that borrowing in the future. Moreover, if you \"guarantee\" a job, what will be the pay and benefits? Is the job permanent? Does the government also pay for transportation and child care? Can the government require that you move to another place to take the job? What\'s the motivation to do the guaranteed job if you can\'t be fired? How will firms react when their current and potential employees can take these government jobs? How do we draw the line between helping those who would be unemployed and turning on a government spending spigot that will be hard to shut off?
Eighteen years after \"Dave,\" I still roll my eyes when people talk as if the government can cure unemployment by passing a law. However, when an economy is sunk in recession, government can help to ease the pain with a combination of temporary spending increases and tax cuts. Thus, although I have I have my quarrels with how the various laws were designed and targeted, I overall supported both the Bush economic stimulus package in 2008 and the Obama stimulus in 2009.
I was predisposed to support at least some of President Obama\'s most recent labor proposals as well, with the unemployment rate still above 9 percent, but the proposals don\'t seem politically serious. When Obama gave his speech last Thursday, exhorting Congress to pass his bill without delay, he had not yet sent Congress a bill.
Then, when the bill arrived early this week, it no longer proposed having the bipartisan deficit commission take the jobs plan into account in its plans to address the deficit in the middle term — as Obama had proposed in the Thursday speech — but instead called for limiting deductions for those with high incomes. I favor raising the tax burden on those with higher incomes as part of an overall medium-term deficit-reduction package. But raising that issue now works against gaining support for an immediate bill to help some of the unemployed.
Ultimately, all of these bills are temporary palliatives–aspirin to dull the pain of a feverish economy. Government-supported jobs and stimulus packages are worthwhile when the unemployment rate is stuck above 9 percent, but they aren\'t a long-run path to lower unemployment. The economy needs hiring by private firms.
A pro-jobs agenda for the long run is a tougher task than waving a \"Dave\"-type magic wand. Some useful steps might include the following:
Build a national program of apprenticeships to connect high school students with real-world job skills and possible future employers, as has been done in Germany.
Redesign unemployment and disability rules to encourage employment while still protecting the needy, as has been done in the Netherlands and Denmark.
Overhaul and retarget the 45 or so federal job training programs that already exist. Provide greater support for job search and for moving to take a job.
Other steps would focus on the broad climate for business:
Reform the corporate tax code to close loopholes, reduce tax rates and encourage investment.
Make sure that firms are following rules about environmental protection, financial disclosure and safety of workers and consumers, but then get out of the way and let them function.
Take concrete steps to put federal government finances on a sustainable path over the next five to 10 years.
For most of the second half of the 20th century, the U.S. economy could assume, through better and worse years, that many firms would do most of their production within America\'s boundaries. But in the globalizing economy of the 21st century, firms have more choices. The United States needs to rethink and redesign its economic institutions to make itself a more attractive location when firms are deciding where to produce and hire.
Timothy Taylor is managing editor of the Journal of Economic Perspectives, based at Macalester College in St. Paul. He blogs at conversableeconomist.blogspot.com.
August 10, 2011 conversableeconomist
The U.S. Labor Market in International Context
The Division of International Labor Comparisons at the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics has put out the 2011 edition of its chartbook, Charting International Labor Comparisons. There are sections with comparisons on GDP, manufacturing, and consumer prices. Here, I\'ll stick to a few charts of comparisons on labor force participation levels, employment rates, and unemployment rates that caught my eye.
In terms of employment growth, the light blue lines show job growth from 2000 to 2007. The dark blue lines show job growth–positive or negative–from 2007 to 2009. BLS writes: \"Between 2007 and 2009, the sharpest declines in employment were in Estonia and Spain, followed by Ireland and the United States.\" Notice that over the 2007 to 2009 period, many countries have had job growth that was positive, or only very slightly negative.
Here are three measures of unemployment, as explained by BLS. \"UR 1 is the most restrictive rate of labor
underutilization and consists only of the subset of the unemployed who were unemployed for at least 1 year. UR 3 is the official unemployment rate and the most widely recognized. The broadest rate, UR 6, includes
the unemployed, the marginally attached, and persons who are employed but who worked fewer hours than they would like (i.e., the time-related underemployed).\" Spain clearly has the most grievous unemployment problem. But while the U.S. economy is OK on it\'s long-term unemployment rate–at least as of the 2009 date for this data–it\'s official unemployment rate and its broader rate of labor market underutilization are among the worst of the rest.
In terms of labor force participation rates for men and women. BLS writes: \"The highest participation rates for men were in large emerging economies: Brazil, India, Mexico and China. China also had the highest participation rate for women and, thus, a relatively low gender gap.\" The U.S. shows up here are roughly comparable to a number of other high-income countries.
In labor force participation rate by age, the U.S. doesn\'t look especially good in the prime-age 25-54 age group, but performs relatively well in younger and older age groups. As BLS points out: In Argentina and the
Philippines, more than one-third of persons ages 65 and older were still in the labor force. In contrast, many European countries had rates below 5 percent for this age group. Participation rates among youth varied most across countries. The Netherlands and Australia had the highest participation rates (above 70 percent) while
Hungary, the Republic of Korea, and Greece had the lowest rates (under 30 percent).\"
When it comes to labor force participation as a share of the working age population, BLS writes: \"Italy was the only country with less than half of its working-age population engaged in the labor force.\" Given the financial difficulties in Greece, it\'s interesting to see its very low rate of labor force participation among working age adults.
U.S. Labor Market Sclerosis?
Whatever happened to the vaunted flexibility of the U.S. labor market, able to rebound from recessions back toward full employment? I\'m not sure how to tell a story that blends public policy choices with changes in hiring and layoff practices, but here are some intriguing fact patterns that would need to be part of the story.
The percentage share of those who are unemployed and find a job by the next quarter has been trending down for about four decades. Interestingly, the percentage share of those who have a job and are separated from it has also been trending down for about three decades. Here\'s a figure from Pedro Amaral of the Cleveland Fed:
The U.S. employment-to-population ratio for some decades substantially exceeded that of the nations of western Europe. But in the last couple of decades, the rates have converged. Here\'s a figure from Christian Grisse, Thomas Klitgaard, and Aysegul Sahin of the New York Fed:
In the recent recession, many other economies responded by reducing hours-per-worker, and thus keeping employment rates relatively high. The U.S. economy kept hour-per-worker high, but saw a sharp drop in employment. Here\'s a figure from the annual IMF report on the U.S. economy:
July 8, 2011 conversableeconomist
In the Recovery: Men Gaining Jobs, Women Losing Jobs
During the Great Recession, male workers suffered more than female workers. However, in the roughly two years since the recession bottomed out in June 2009, male workers have gained a disproportionate share of the new jobs. Rakesh Kochhar at the Pew Research Center has a report out making this point.
Kochar writes: \"The recovery from the Great Recession is the first since 1970 in which women have lost jobs even as men have gained them. …It is not entirely clear why men are doing better than women in the current recovery….The more notable developments are that men have found jobs in sectors where women have not, and that men made stronger advances than women in other sectors.\"
Thanks to David Autor for the pointer.
Long-Term Unemployment in the U.S.
Andreas Hornstein and Thomas A. Lubik of the Richmond Fed write about \"The Rise in Long-Term Unemployment: Potential Causes and Implications.\" They define long-term unemployment as lasting more than 26 weeks. They write: "The share of long-term unemployment [as a proportion of total unemployment] peaked at 46 percent in the second quarter of 2010, and averaged a bit more than 43 percent for all of 2010. This peak value for the share of long-term unemployment is significantly higher than the previous peak of 26 percent that was attained following the 1981–82 recession. Finally, mean duration of unemployment had increased to about 35 weeks by the middle of 2010, again a substantial increase over the previous peak for mean unemployment duration of 21 weeks after the 1981–82 recession. Never before in the postwar period have unemployed workers been unemployed for such a long time."
Here\'s an illustrative figure. The left axis measures the unemployment rate. The right axis measures what share of the unemployed are long-term unemployed–more than 26 weeks.
Much of the rise in overall unemployment is due more people entering long-term unemployment than in the past, and to those who have been long-term unemployed having a harder time finding jobs than in the past. This is a potentially major change for the U.S. economy. This figure shows that over the 1968 to 2006 period, U.S. workers were employed in any given month had one of the highest chances compared to other countries of losing that job in that month, but at the same time, a U.S. worker who was unemployed in any given month also had the highest chance of finding a job that month compared to other countries.
The very high rates of long-term unemployment, and the difficulties that the long-term unemployed are having in finding jobs, suggests that the true unemployment picture may be even more grim than the headline statistics suggest.


NEW YORK (AP) – All four women's semifinalists at the U.S. Open are Americans.
It's the first time that's happened at Flushing Meadows since 1981. It hasn't happened at any Grand Slam tournament since Wimbledon in 1985.
No. 9-seeded Venus Williams will play unseeded Sloane Stephens in the first semifinal Thursday night. That will be followed by No. 15 Madison Keys against No. 20 CoCo Vandeweghe.
The 37-year-old Williams is the only member of the quartet who has participated in a Grand Slam singles final. She owns seven major championships, two at the U.S. Open in 2000 and 2001.


'Save Our Studios' exhibition at Elstree and Borehamwood Museum.
A dedicated exhibition about an important part of Elstree Studios' history is in its last month at Elstree and Borehamwood Museum. Closing on the 20th April 2019, visitors have one last chance to learn about an important campaign that began in 1988 – 'Save Our Studios'.
Today Elstree Studios are an essential part of the UK's Film and Television industry, and they have established themselves as the number one studios in London. However, in the late 1980s, the studios were at risk of closure and came close to being entirely lost.
The museum exhibition tells the exciting story of the eight-year fight to preserve the site and restore it to its former glory. Led by Paul Welsh, a dedicated team of volunteers began a campaign to save Elstree Studios from complete closure. It's an inspiring story and the studios emerged victorious when they were finally bought by Hertsmere Council in 1996, and since then the studios have gone from strength to strength.
Featured in the museum are significant archived recordings from the campaign where you can watch Paul Welsh's strong front to protect the studios and even newsreels featuring testimony from Steven Spielberg, director of many films made at Elstree Studios at the time including Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade and Who Framed Roger Rabbit.
The exhibition is entertaining and interactive for all ages; one exhibit gives you the opportunity to become an extra in Star Wars complete with costumes and lightsabers. Film fans can also enjoy other important memorabilia including a collection of original photos from the production of Star Wars, old film cameras, original props and costumes, and designs from Oscar nominated art director, Alan Tomkins.
For anyone seeking an excellent experience, the 'Save Our Studios' exhibition is a worthwhile trip. Such an important part of local history deserves to be celebrated, and without the courage of Paul Welsh and all the others to fight for Elstree Studios, they wouldn't be thriving as they are now. Visit the museum to view the exhibition before it closes on the 20th April 2019.