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K PROFWABACHAJAMES. "J.K. Wabacha, N.P. Gitonga, M.J. Njenga, A.G.Thaiyah and C.M. Mulei (2006). An outbreak of acute bovine dermatophilosis in a large scale dairy herd in Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afri. 54:144-147.". In: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Biennial Scientific Conference, Nairobi, 6th . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol; 2006. Abstract
This case report describes an outbreak of acute dermatophilosis in a large scale dairy herd and highlights that the disease in Kenya could occur in outbreak proportions and in clinically severe form as has been reported in other countries in West and central Africa.We believe that this is the 1st documented outbreak of a severe form of bovine cutaneous dermatophilosis in exotic dairy animals in Kenya.
KARURI PROFGATHUMBIPETER. "J.K.Gikunju, T.E. Maitho, P.K. Gathumbi and S.E. Mitema. Toxic effects of Fluoride in rats exposed to different fluoride sources.". In: Presented at the Biennial Scientific Conference, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi held on 3rd -5th November 2004. Bull. Anim Hlth. Prod. Afr. 54: 100-109; 2004. Abstract
Aim of the study: This study was conducted to document herbal medicines used in the treatment of Malaria as well as the existing knowledge,attitudes and practices related to malaria recognition, control and treatment in South Coast, Kenya. Methods: Data was collected using semistructured questionnaires and interviews. A focused group discussion held with the community members, one in each of the study villages supplemented the interview and questionnaire survey. Results: The respondents were found to have a good understanding of malaria and could distinguish it from other fever types. They were also aware that malaria was spread by mosquitoes. Malaria prevalence was high, and affected individuals an average of four times a year. Community members avoided. Mosquito bites by using mosquitonets, clearing bushes around their homesteads and burning plant parts. To generate smoke. They prevented and treated malaria by taking decoctions or concoctions of traditional herbal remedies. Forty plant species in thirty-five genera distributed in twenty-four families were used as antimalarials in the study area. Five plant species, namely; Heeria insignis Del. (Anacardiaceae), Rottboelia exaltata L.F (Gramineae), Pentanisia ouranogyne S. Moore (Rubiaceae), Agathisanthenum globosum (A. Rich) Hiern (Rubiaceae), and Grewia trichocarpa Hochst ex A. Rich (Tiliaceae) are documented for the first time in South Coast, Kenya, for the treatment of malaria. Conclusions: The plants documented in the current study are a potential source for new bioactive compounds of therapeutic value in malaria treatment. The results provide data for further pharmacological and toxicological studies and development of commercial antimalarial phytotherapy products.
JOHN PROFNJENGAMUNENE. "J.M Njenga and V.T Tsuma (2004).Sudden death following rupture of the middle uterine artery, in a bovine dystocia. The Kenya Veterinarian 26: 27-28.". In: Africa-Caribbean Institute. ELOQUENT BOOKS NY, Strategic Book Group, Connecticut, USA. ISBN-978-1-60911-081-9.Pages1; 2004.
MUCUNU DRMBARIAJ. "J.M. Gathuma, J.M. Mbaria, J. Wanyama, H.F.A. Kaburia, L Mpoke, J.N. Mwangi, Samburu and Turkana healers (2004): Efficiency of Myrsine africana, Albizia anthelmintica, Hilderbrantia sepalosa Herbal remedies against Mixed Natural Sheep Helminthosis in Samb.". In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. E; 2004. Abstract
The efficacies of pyrethrum marc and of albendazole against experimental sheep gastrointestinal nematode infection were compared. Sheep were infected orally with 10 000 larvae (Haemonchus spp. (60.1%), Oesophagostomum spp. (13.9%), Trichostrongylus spp. (13.2%), Cooperia spp. (8.3%), Nematodirus spp. (3.5%), Strongyloides spp. (0.8%) and Ostertagia spp. (0.2%). Faecal egg count reduction in albendazole-treated sheep was 100% by day 4 following treatment, compared to 37.03%, 31.3%, 38.9% and 51.8% on days 4,6,8 and 10 in pyrethrum marc-treated sheep. These reductions were statistically significant on days 8 and 10 post-treatment (p<0.05). The potential for using pyrethrins for helminth treatment is discussed.
N PROFNYAGAP. "J.M. Gathuma, M.M. Kagiko and P.N.Nyaga. Water quality in Kajiado District, Kenya. E. Afric. Journ. Med. Res. Vol. 3 (1) 1979.". In: Proceedings: 10th Convention, Indian Society for Veterinary Surgery, Nov. 1986. au-ibar; 1979. Abstract
According to the statements made by a number of scholars, in the 80's East African Anglophone novel, which once received a nickname of "social documentary", began to lose gradually its social commitment. Many of the writers known previously as the most active supporters of the social trend, moved their attempts to other literan areas - criminal novel ("Weapon of hunger" by Meja Mцangi, 1989), love story (Yussuf Dawood's "Off my chest", 1988), even children's literature (books for children in Gikuyu, written by Ngugi wa Thiong'o). However, in the late 80's and early 90's East African Anglophone novel stepped onto a new level of social trend, moving from "social documentary" to "social epic". The authors now are trying to sum up the historical experience of East African countries over a large time span, and to that effect appeal mostly to elaborate and spacious literary forms, such as epic novel. These authors, although chosen one and the same literary form, are showing clearly their inclinations towards different styles of writing. For example, Tanzanian author Moyez Vassanji in his novel "The gunny sack" (1989) makes a rather convincing attempt to replant on East African soil the method of "mythological writing", previously used by such author as Gabriel Garcia Marquez. The novel definitely appeals not only to local reader, but to a wider international audience; on its pages the author manages to restore not only the fate of several generations of Indian family, but even the slightest details of their mentality, using myth as one of the basic means for changing the dimensions of time and space, according to the logic of the narration. The development of Kenyan novel in the early 90's confirms also one of the main tendencies in modem literature - bridging between "elite" and popular fiction. The first attempt of an epic novel in Kenyan Anglophone literature was, oddly enough, made by the veteran of Kenyan popular fiction David Maillu in his "Broken drum" H991). The novel hardly aims the widest reading public - nevertheless, stylistically it bears distinct features of popular fiction, such as crime story, romance, etc. Popular novel in East Africa also shows certain inclination towards urgent social themes, but the authors inevitably uses the artistic means they feel most happy with - that is, the style of popular fiction. For example, the "clash of cultures" - the experience of young Africans studying abroad - is presented in the form of a picaresque ("Times beyond" by Omondi Makoloo, 1992) or love story ("The girl from Uganda" by Tengio Urrio, 1993); feministic problems are spiced with sentimentalism ("Judy the nun" by P .Waweru, 1990); the thoughts on the hardships of younger generation are guised in Bildungs roman ("The plight of succession" by a Tanzanian Prosper Rwegoshora, 1990). At the same time, some authors, who have been ploughing successfully the field of pop fiction for a few decades, show their interest in more elaborate literary forms ("Dedan Kimathi: the real story" by Samuel Kaluga, 1990). All the mentioned facts do not allow us to state that the division into popular and elite novel will disappear within the foreseeable future. However, the most interesting developments seem to take place precisely in the field of bridging between these two branches of East African fiction.
N PROFNYAGAP. "J.M. Gathuma, P.N. Nyaga, J.K. Omuse, F.M.K. Nderu and J.S Kaminjolo. Exposure of calves to taenid of wild carnivore origin. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afric. Vol.30 (1). 1983: 55-60.". In: Proceedings: 10th Convention, Indian Society for Veterinary Surgery, Nov. 1986. au-ibar; 1983. Abstract
N PROFKANYARIPAULW. "J.M. KAGIRA, R.M. WARUIRU, W.K. MUNYUA, P.W.N. KANYARI (2002). Anthelmintic resistance survey in commercial pig herds in Thika District, Kenya.". In: 8th Biennial Scientific Conference, KARI. 11th - 15th November, Nairobi. Korean Society of Crop Science and Springer; 2002. Abstract
Ostriches of various ages, unhatched embryos and chicks found to have oedema during post-mortem examination are described here. Unhatched eggs and chicks originated from a commercial farm, where there was a complaint of poor hatchability of eggs and high chick mortality. Of 35 embryos examined, 29(82.9%) had severe subcutaneous oedema either generalized (23) or localized(6). Of 311 chicks, 232(74.6%) had oedema of varying degrees of severity. In 10 chicks, the oedema was subcutaneous and severe, in 5 it was only serous effusions in body cavities and in 217, it was manifested as wetness of subcutaneous tissues. Adult and juvenile ostriches originated from three farms, where they were kept as pets. Of 22 birds, 16(72.7%0 developed a general sickness and 10(62.3%) of them died. Post-mortem examination revealed emaciation and either subcutaneous oedema or serous effusion in body cavities. Additional lesions included combinations of steatites, haemorrhages and pneumonia. The sick birds responded to improved diets that were also supplemented with multivitamins and minerals.
N PROFKANYARIPAULW. "J.M. KAGIRA, R.M. WARUIRU, W.K. MUNYUA. and P.W.N. KANYARI (2001). Worm control practices and 19 implications for the development of anthelmintic resistance on commercial pig herds in Thika District, Kenya. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Afri.". In: 8th Biennial Scientific Conference, KARI. 11th - 15th November, Nairobi. Korean Society of Crop Science and Springer; 2001. Abstract
N PROFKANYARIPAULW. "J.M. KAGIRA, R.M. WARUIRU, W.K. MUNYUA. and P.W.N. KANYARI. ( 2003). Resistance to anthelmintics in commercial pig herds in Thika District, Kenya. Israel Journal of 20 Veterinary Medicine 58(1): 31-36.". In: East Africa regional conference, The Nile Hotel Kampala, Uganda. Korean Society of Crop Science and Springer; 2003. Abstract
SIMIYU PROFWANDIBBA. "J.M. Kariuki: A biography. Nairobi.". In: East African Educational Publishers. Taylor & Francis; 2001. Abstract
Although early diagnosis and treatment are key factors in the effective control of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), many cases of the disease delay taking appropriate action, leading to untold suffering. As a better understanding of treatment-seeking behaviour should help in identifying the obstacles to early diagnosis and effective treatment, the treatment pathways followed by 203 former HAT cases in western Kenya and eastern Uganda have recently been explored. About 86% of the HAT cases had utilized more than two different healthcare options before being correctly diagnosed for HAT, with about 70% each using more than three different health facilities. Only about 8% of the cases reported that they had been correctly diagnosed the first time they sought treatment. Just over half (51%) of the HAT cases had been symptomatic for >2 months before being correctly diagnosed for HAT, and such time lags in diagnosis contributed to 72% of the cases receiving their first appropriate treatment only in the late stage of the disease. The likelihood of a correct diagnosis increased with the time the case had been symptomatic. These observations indicate an urgent need to build the diagnostic capacity of the primary healthcare facilities in the study area, so that all HAT cases can be identified and treated in the early stage of the disease.
O PROFRADINGGEORGE. "J.M. Kihiu, G.O. Rading and S. M. Mutuli Geometric Constants in Plain Cross-Bored Cylinders J. Pressure Vessel Technology, 125 (2003) p 446-453.". In: Mountain Research and Development, vol. 8, no. 2. 2011; 2003. Abstract
A 3D FEM computer program was developed to establish the stress distributions and SCFs in thick walled cylinders with radiused entry flush and non-protruding cross bores under internal pressure. The displacement formulation and eight noded brick isoparametric elements were used. The Frontal solution technique was used due to the limited computing facilities. The variation of SCF with entry radius to main bore radius ratio was established for varying cylinder outer radius to main bore radius ratio and cross bore to main bore radius ratio. For low values of cylinder outer radius to main bore radius ratio (≤2.25), the lower values of cross bore to main bore radius ratio resulted in lower SCFs. For high values of cylinder outer radius to main bore radius ratio (>2.25), the lower values of cross bore to main bore radius ratio resulted in higher SCFs. The cylinder with cylinder outer radius to main bore radius ratio of 2.25 was found to be a transition geometry. For very small values of cross bore to main bore radius ratio, the SCFs converged to a value of 2.2 for entry radius to main bore radius ratio of 0.2. The cylinder outer radius to main bore radius ratio of 1.75 to 3 cylinders had a constant SCF value of 2.3 at cross bore to main bore radius ratio of 0.05 and entry radius to main bore radius ratio of 0.2. A new categorization of cylinders earlier proposed in the study of plain cross-bored cylinders is further validated.<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
K PROFWABACHAJAMES. "J.M. Maribei, J.K. Wabacha, E.M. Njoroge (1999). Streptococcal meningitis in a five months old lamb. Journal of South African Veterinary Association 70 (1): 2.". In: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Biennnial Scientific Conference 30th -1st September 2000. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol; 1999. Abstract
Forty-two pigs in a herd of 117 displayed various clinical signs of progressive atrophic rhinitis. The main signs included sneezing, coughing, lachrymation, serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge, and nasal bleeding in 1 pig. Three pigs had lateral deviation of the snout, while 4 had brachygnathia superior with obvious deformation of the face. Four acutely affected weaner pigs appeared weak, while the 7 chronically-affected pigs appeared smaller than their apparently unaffected penmates of the same age. Treatment of the acutely affected pigs with long-acting oxytetracycline at 20 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly, repeated once after 7 days, reduced the severity but did not clear the sneezing from all the pigs. Fifteen pigs were slaughtered 2 months after the clinical diagnosis was made. The carcasses of the chronically affected pigs were about 15% lighter than those of the apparently normal pigs of the same age and from the same pen, which translated to a loss of 921.00 Kenya shillings per pig (US$13.7). Diagnosis of progressive atrophic rhinitis was confirmed by sectioning the snouts of randomly selected slaughtered pigs with obvious deformation of the snout. Sections were made at the level of the 1st/2nd upper premolar tooth. Varying degrees of turbinate atrophy, from mild to complete, were noted. Histopathology of the turbinates revealed metaplasia of nasal epithelium and fibrosis in the lamina propria.
MUCUNU DRMBARIAJ. "J.M. Mbaria, R.W. Munenge, A. N. Njuguna, J.L.Orre and D.Dabasso (2005). Occurrence of a Severe Acute Livestock Poisoning by Borehole Water in Marsabit District, Kenya: A case study. The Kenya veterinarian 28:16-19.". In: The Kenya Veterinarian. E; 2005.
M. MRMAINADAVID. "J.M. Mutuku, A.O. Makokha, G.M. Kenji, F.M. Mathooko, D.M. Maina, P. Wanyoro.m "The Impact of Environmental Lead Poisoning on Iron and Haemoglobin Status in Kenya" 18th International Congress of Nutrition" 19-23 september, 2005, Durban, South Africa - Nut.". In: Conference. Philosophical Issues Invoked by Shona People; 2005.
K DRGATHUMBIJAMES. "J.M. Nguta, J.M. Mbaria, D.W. Gakuya, P.K. Gathumbi, S.G. Kiama (2010). Antimalarial herbal remedies of Msambweni Kenya. J Ethnopharmacol. 128: 424-432.". In: J Ethnopharmacol. 128: 424-432. University of nairobi; 2010. Abstract
Abstract in Bellamy, M. and B. Greenshields (eds), Issues in Agricultural Development: Sustainability and Cooperation. IAAE Occasional Paper No. 6. Dartmouth Publishing Co. Ltd, Aldershot.
MUCUNU DRMBARIAJ. "J.M. Nguta, J.M. Mbaria, D.W. Gakuya, P.K. Gathumbi, S.G. Kiama (2010). Antimalarial herbal remedies of Msambweni, Kenya. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 128: 424.". In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Elsevier; 2010.
MUCUNU DRMBARIAJ. "J.M. Nguta, J.M. Mbaria, D.W. Gakuya, P.K. Gathumbi, S.G. Kiama (2010). Traditional Antimalarial Phytotherapy Remedies used by the South Coast community, Kenya. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 131: (2010) 256.". In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Elsevier; 2010. Abstract
ABSTRACT: Aim of the study: This study was conducted to document herbal medicines used in the treatment of malaria as well as the existing knowledge, attitudes and practices related to malaria recognition, control and treatment in South Coast, Kenya. Methods: Data was collected using semistructured questionnaires and interviews. A focused group discussion held with the community members, one in each of the study villages supplemented the interview and questionnaire survey. Results: The respondents were found to have a good understanding of malaria and could distinguish it from other fever types. They were also aware that malaria was spread by mosquitoes. Malaria prevalence was high, and affected individuals an average of four times a year. Community members avoided mosquito bites by using mosquito nets, clearing bushes around their homesteads and burning plant parts to generate smoke. They prevented and treated malaria by taking decoctions or concoctions of traditional herbal remedies. Forty plant species in thirty-five genera distributed in twenty-four families were used as antimalarials in the study area. Five plant species, namely; Heeria insignis Del. (Anacardiaceae), Rottboelia exaltata L.F (Gramineae), Pentanisia ouranogyne S. Moore (Rubiaceae), Agathisanthenum globosum (A. Rich) Hiern (Rubiaceae), and Grewia trichocarpa Hochst ex A. Rich (Tiliaceae) are documented for the first time in South Coast, Kenya, for the treatment of malaria. Conclusions: The plants documented in the current study are a potential source for new bioactive compounds of therapeutic value in malaria treatment. The results provide data for further pharmacological and toxicological studies and development of commercial antimalarial phytotherapy products.
MUCUNU DRMBARIAJ. "J.M. Nguta, J.M. Mbaria, D.W. Gakuya, P.K. Gathumbi, S.G. Kiama (2010): Traditional Antimalarial Phytotherapy Remedies Used by the South Coast Community, Kenya. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 131(2): 256-267.". In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. E; 2010. Abstract
ABSTRACT: Aim of the study: This study was conducted to document herbal medicines used in the treatment of malaria as well as the existing knowledge, attitudes and practices related to malaria recognition, control and treatment in South Coast, Kenya. Methods: Data was collected using semistructured questionnaires and interviews. A focused group discussion held with the community members, one in each of the study villages supplemented the interview and questionnaire survey. Results: The respondents were found to have a good understanding of malaria and could distinguish it from other fever types. They were also aware that malaria was spread by mosquitoes. Malaria prevalence was high, and affected individuals an average of four times a year. Community members avoided mosquito bites by using mosquito nets, clearing bushes around their homesteads and burning plant parts to generate smoke. They prevented and treated malaria by taking decoctions or concoctions of traditional herbal remedies. Forty plant species in thirty-five genera distributed in twenty-four families were used as antimalarials in the study area. Five plant species, namely; Heeria insignis Del. (Anacardiaceae), Rottboelia exaltata L.F (Gramineae), Pentanisia ouranogyne S. Moore (Rubiaceae), Agathisanthenum globosum (A. Rich) Hiern (Rubiaceae), and Grewia trichocarpa Hochst ex A. Rich (Tiliaceae) are documented for the first time in South Coast, Kenya, for the treatment of malaria. Conclusions: The plants documented in the current study are a potential source for new bioactive compounds of therapeutic value in malaria treatment. The results provide data for further pharmacological and toxicological studies and development of commercial antimalarial phytotherapy products.
KARURI PROFGATHUMBIPETER. "J.M. Nguta, J.M. Mbaria, D.W. Gakuya, P.K. Gathumbi, S.G. Kiama Antimalarial herbal remedies of Msambweni, Kenya.". In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology 128 (2010) 424. J.M. Nguta,, J.M. Mbaria, D.W. Gakuya, P.K. Gathumbi, S.G. Kiama; 2010. Abstract
Malariaisaseriouscauseofmortalityglobally.The disease is of regional concern in Africa and of national interest in Kenya due to its high morbidity and mortality as a result of development of resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum to many existing drugs such as chloroquine. Alternative medicine using herbalremedies are commonly used to treat malaria in Kenya. However, plants used in some rural areas in Kenya are not documented. Many antimalarial drugs have been derived from plants. This study was conducted to document medicinal plantsthataretraditionallyusedbytheMsambwenicommunityofKenyanSouth Coast to treat malaria, where the disease is endemic. Herbalists were interviewed by administration of semi structured questionnaires in order to obtain information on medicinal plants traditionally used for the treatment of malaria. Focused group discussions held with the herbalists supplementedthe interview and questionnaire survey. Twenty-seven species of plants in 24 genera distributed in 20 families were reported to be used in this region for the treatment of malaria. Labiatae, Rutaceae and Liliaceae families had each eleven percent of the plant species reported and represented the species that are most commonly used. Thirteen plant species, namely; Aloe deserti Berger (Liliaceae), Launea cornuta (Oliv and Hiern) C. Jeffrey (Compositae), Ocimum bacilicum L. (Labiatae), Teclea simplicifolia (Eng) Verdoon(Rutaceae), Gerranthuslobatus(Cogn.) Jeffrey(Cucurbitaceae), GrewiahexamintaBurret. (Tiliaceae), CanthiumglaucumHiern. (Rubiaceae), AmaranthushybridusL.(Amaranthaceae), CombretumpadoidesEngl and Diels.(Combretaceae), SeneciosyringitoliusO.Hoffman.(Compositae),OcimumsuaveWilld(Labiatae),AloemacrosiphonBak.(Liliaceae)andLaudolphiabuchananii(Hall.f)Stapf.(Apocynaceae) are documented from this region for the first time for the treatment of malaria. These results become a basis for selection of plants for further pharmacological, toxicological and phytochemical studies in developing new plantbased antimalarial drugs.
MUCUNU DRMBARIAJ. "J.M. Nguta, J.M. Mbaria, D.W. Gakuya, P.K. Gathumbi, S.G. Kiama. Antimalarial herbal remedies of Msambweni,.". In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 128: 424. Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2010. Abstract
Malaria is a serious cause of mortality globally. The disease is of regional concern in Africa and of national interest in Kenya due to its high morbidity and mortality as a result of development of resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum to many existing drugs such as chloroquine. Alternative medicine using herbal remedies are commonly used to treat malaria in Kenya. However, plants used in some rural areas in Kenya are not documented. Many antimalarial drugs have been derived from plants. This study was conducted to document medicinal plants that are traditionally used by the Msambweni community of Kenyan South Coast to treat malaria, where the disease is endemic. Herbalists were interviewed by administration of semistructured questionnaires in order to obtain information on medicinal plants traditionally used for the treatment of malaria. Focused group discussions held with the herbalists supplemented the interview and questionnaire survey. Twenty-seven species of plants in 24 genera distributed in 20 families were reported to be used in this region for the treatment of malaria. Labiatae, Rutaceae and Liliaceae families had each eleven percent of the plant species reported and represented th species that are most commonly used. Thirteen plant species, namely; Aloe deserti Berger (Liliaceae), Launea cornuta (Oliv and Hiern) C. Jeffrey (Compositae), Ocimum bacilicum L. (Labiatae), Teclea simplicifolia (Eng) Verdoon (Rutaceae), Gerranthus lobatus(Cogn.) Jeffrey (Cucurbitaceae), Grewia hexaminta Burret.(Tiliaceae), Canthium glaucum Hiern. (Rubiaceae), Amaranthus hybridus L.(Amaranthaceae), Combretum padoides Engl and Diels. (Combretaceae), Seneciosyringitolius O.Hoffman. (Compositae), OcimumsuaveWilld(Labiatae), Aloe macrosiphon Bak. (Liliaceae) and Laudolphia buchananii (Hall.f) Stapf. (Apocynaceae) are documented from this region forthefirst time for the treatment of malaria. These results become a basis for selection of plants for further pharmacological, toxicological and phytochemical studies in developing new plant based antimalarial drugs.
KARURI PROFGATHUMBIPETER. "J.M. Ngutaa, J.M. Mbaria, D.W. Gakuya, P.K. Gathumbi, S.G. Kiama Traditional antimalarial phytotherapy remedies used by the South Coast.". In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology 131 (2010) 256. J.M. Nguta,, J.M. Mbaria, D.W. Gakuya, P.K. Gathumbi, S.G. Kiama; 2010. Abstract
N PROFNYAGAP. "J.M. Nyaga and P.N. Nyaga. Epidemiology of Newcastle disease in Kenya. Bull.Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afric. (1985) 33: 249-251.". In: Proceedings: 10th Convention, Indian Society for Veterinary Surgery, Nov. 1986. au-ibar; 1985. Abstract
DEMESI DRMANDEJOHN. "J.M.A KITAA, C. MULEI, J.D. MANDE, J.K WABACHA (2005) Clinical, Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment of Ehrlichial Infections in Dogs: A Review. Kenya Veterinarian 29: 71 .". In: East Afr Med J. 1999 Nov;76(11):615-8. ICASTOR Journal of Engineering; 2005. Abstract
Degenerative joint disease is a common and important disease that affects humans as well as domestic animals especially dogs and horses. The etiological factors for the disease in humans and animals are similar. The disease is characterised by progressive deterioration of the joint, thinning of hyaline cartilage, joint effusion and periaticular osteophyte formation. Trauma, sepsis, prolonged immobilisation, immune-mediated disease, congenital malarticulation (e.g. hip dysplasia) or developmental diseases (e.g. Osteochondorosis.) may incite the development of degenerative joint disease. The insults stimulate the release of degenerative enzymes from chondrocytes and these destroy the particular cartilage matrix. Two distinct functional process in injured chondorcytes are responsible for the positive feed-back cascade the ultimately results in joint destruction. The catabolic process is induced by proinflammatory stimuli and causes secretion of proteases, suppression of matrix synthesis and inhibition of chndrocytes proliferation. The anablolic programme causes the increased procution of extra cellular matrix, protease inhibitors and cell replication. In the recent past a lot of basic and clinical research on degenerative joint disease has been conduced. Deeper understanding of the pathophysiolgy has resulted in the development of new treatment modalities ffor the disease. Practicing clinicians need to keep a beast with new knowledge and biomedical technology in order to manage their patients in the best way possible. This paper collates the current knowledge of the pathophysilogy and clinical management of degenerative join disease with special reference to the canine species
K PROFWABACHAJAMES. "J.M.A. Kitaa, C. Mulei, J.D. Mande, J.K. Wabacha (2005). Clinical, Laboratory diagnosis and treatment of Ehrlichial infections in dogs: Kenya Veterinarian 29:71-75.". In: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Biennial Scientific Conference, Nairobi, 6th . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol; 2005. Abstract
K PROFWABACHAJAMES. "J.M.A. Kitaa, C. Mulei, J.D. Mande, J.K. Wabacha. Clinical and Laboratory diagnosis of Ehrlichial infections in dogs: A Review.". In: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Biennial Scientific Conference, Nairobi, 3rd . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol; 2004. Abstract
A longitudinal study was carried out in Kikuyu Division (a peri-urban area in central Kenyan highlands) between January 1999 and December 1999 to estimate the baseline parameters on reproductive performance of the sow, as well as health and productivity of grower and preweaning pigs of smallholder herds. Data were collected on 155 breeding pigs, 795 grower pigs and 801 preweaning piglets in 74, 50 and 40 smallholder herds, respectively, using record cards that were updated during monthly visits. The sow-level medians were: weaning-to-service interval 3 months; interfarrowing interval 6.4 months; number of live-born piglets 9.0; and number of piglets weaned per litter 7.5. The piglet crude morbidity incidence risk was 29%. The cause-specific incidence risks for the important health problems encountered in preweaned piglets were diarrhea (4.3%), pruritus (17.1%), and skin necrosis (4.2%). The estimated crude mortality incidence risk to 8 weeks of age was 18.7%. The cause-specific mortality incidence risks to 8 weeks of age for the important causes of mortality were overlying (9.9%), savaging (2.4%), unviable piglets (2.0%) and unknown (1.9%). Overall, 78.8% of the total live-born piglet mortality occurred during the first week postpartum with 69% of these deaths being caused by overlying. The grower-pig crude morbidity incidence risk was 20% and the cause-specific incidence risks of the important health problems encountered were gut edema (1.3%), pruritus (21.1%), and unknown (2.3%). The crude mortality incidence risk was 3.8% and the important causes were gut edema and unknown causes (cause-specific mortality incidence risks of 1.3 and 1.6%, respectively). The median weight:age ratio and average daily weight gain for the grower pigs were 5.1 kg/month of age and 0.13 kg/day, respectively. For preweaning pigs, the median average daily weight gain was 0.13 g/day.
M DRNJOROGEERNEST. "J.M.Maribei, J.K.Wabacha and E.M.Njoroge (1999) Streptococcal Meningitis in a five-month-old Male Lamb.". In: Journal of South African Veterinary Association 70(1) 2 . African Wildlife Foundation. Nairobi; 1999. Abstract
Water intoxication is a condition that is common in cattle, and has also been reported in other domestic animals and man. A comprehensive description of the condition is lacking. For a better understanding of the condition, this paper reviews work that has been reported previously by various authors.
MUCUNU DRMBARIAJ. "J.M.Nguta, J.M.Mbaria, D.W.Gakuya, P.K.Gathumbi, J.D. Kabasa, S.G.Kiama (2011). Biological Screening of Kenyan Medicinal Plants using Artemia salina L. (Artemiidae). Pharmacologyonline 2: 458-478.". In: Pharmacologyonline. Elsevier; 2011.
KARURI PROFGATHUMBIPETER. "J.M.Nguta, J.M.Mbaria, D.W.Gakuya, P.K.Gathumbi, J.D.Kabasa, S.G.Kiama BIOLOGICAL SCREEIG OF KENYAN MEDICIAL PLATS USIG ARTEMIA SALINA L. (ARTEMIIDAE).". In: Pharmacologyonline 2: 458-478 (2011). Muravej S, Gathece LW; 2011.
KARURI PROFGATHUMBIPETER. "J.M.Nguta, J.M.Mbaria, D.W.Gakuyab, P.K.Gathumbi, J.D.Kabasa, S.G.Kiama. Cytotoxicity of anti-malarial plant extracts from Kenyan biodiversity to the brine shrimp, artemia salina l. (artemiidae).". In: Faculty of 8th Biennial Scientific Conference and The 46th Kenya Veterinary Association Annual Scientific Conference 25 - 27 April, 2012 Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi-Kenya. Muravej S, Gathece LW; 2012. Abstract
Normal 0 21 false false false SW X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Background: Artemia salina (Artemiidae), the brine shrimp larva, is an invertebrate used in the alternative test to determine toxicity of chemicals and natural products. Design and methods: In this study the Medium Lethal Concentrations (LC50 values) of 45 anti-malarial plant extracts and positive controls, cyclophosphamide and etoposide were determined using Artemia salina (Artemiidae). Results: Out of the 45 organic extracts screened for activity against Artemia salina larvae, 23 (51%) of the crude extracts demonstrated activity at or below 100 μg/ml, and were categorized as having strong cytotoxic activity, 18 (40%) of the crude extracts had LC50 values between 100 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml, and were categorized as having moderate cytotoxicity, 2 (4.5%) of the crude extracts had LC50 values between 500 μg/ml and 1000 μg/ml, and were considered to have weak cytotoxic activity, while 2 (4.5%) of the crude extracts had LC50 values greater than 1000 μg/ml and were considered to be non toxic. Approximately 20% (9) of the aqueous extracts demonstrated activity at or below 100 μg/ml and were considered to have strong cytotoxic activity, 40% (18) of the screened aqueous crude extracts had LC50 values between 100 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml and were considered to be moderately cytotoxic, 16% (7) of the crude extracts had LC50 values between 500 μg/ml and 1000 μg/ml and were considered to have weak cytotoxic activity while 24% (11) of the aqueous extracts had LC50 values greater than 1000 μg/ml and were categorized as non toxic The positive controls, cyclophosphamide and etoposide exhibited strong cytotoxicity with LC50 values of 95 μg/ml and 6 μg/ml respectively in a 24 hour lethality study, validating their use as anticancer agents. Conclusions: In the current study, 95.5% of all the screened organic extracts and 76% of the investigated aqueous extracts demonstrated LC50 values <1000 μg/ml, indicating that these plants could not make safe antimalarial treatments. This calls for dose adjustment amongst the community using the plant extracts for the treatment of malaria and chemical investigation for isolation of bioactive compounds responsible for the observed toxicity. These could make novel ingredients for anticancerous drugs. Key words: Cytotoxicity; Artemia salina bioassay; crude extracts; anti-malarial plants; Kenyan biodiversity
NJUGUNA DRMBURUJOHN. "J.N. Mburu, J.M.Z. Kamau and M.S. Badamana and P.N.Mbugua Use of Serum Vitamin B12 in Diagnosis of Cobalt Deficiency in Small East African Goats. Bull. Anim. Hlth.Prod. Afr. 42 (1994), 141-146.". In: Insitute for Communication Research, Stanford University. au-ibar; 1994. Abstract
Two groups of 6 rats each received subcutaneous injections of 2.3 mg/kg or 5.0 mg/kg of quinuronium, respectively, on two consecutive days, while 5 rats injected with physiological saline served as controls. Clinical signs of muscular tremors, jumps, enlarged and hyperemic eyeballs, lacrimation, depression and anorexia were observed following administration of quinuronium. One rat receiving 5 mg/kg died before termination of the study. When killed 48 h after the first injection, the quinuronium-treated rats had a higher liver weight/body weight ratio compared to the controls. Quinuronium resulted in hepatic centrilobular fatty degeneration, but no depletion of hepatic glutathione (GSH). The present findings suggest that glutathione depletion does not seem to be involved in quinuronium hepatotoxicity
NJUGUNA DRMBURUJOHN. "J.N. Mburu, J.M.Z. Kamau and M.S. Badamana. Changes in Serum Levels of Vitamin B12, Feed Intake, Liveweight and Hematological parameters in Cobalt Deficient Small East African Goats. Internat. J. Vit. Nutr.Res.63 (1993), 135-139.". In: Insitute for Communication Research, Stanford University. au-ibar; 1993. Abstract
NJUGUNA DRMBURUJOHN. "J.N. Mburu, J.M.Z. Kamau and M.S. Badamana. Thyroid Hormones and Metabolic Rate During Induction of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Goats. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 42 (1994), 187-189.". In: Insitute for Communication Research, Stanford University. au-ibar; 1994. Abstract
NJUGUNA DRMBURUJOHN. "J.N. Mburu, M.S. Badamana. and J.M.Z. Kamau. Faecal and Urinary Losses of Nitrogen in Cobalt-Deficient Small East African Goats. Indian Journal of Animal Science 64 (1994), 1264-1267.". In: Insitute for Communication Research, Stanford University. au-ibar; 1994. Abstract
"J.N. Ombega and I.O. Kibwage (1989). Curriculum Development: What considerations. Abstract.". In: Pharm. J. of Kenya. 2(3): 87 - 89. Pharmacother. Bull. 1(1): 6 - 7.; 1989. Abstract
The relative bioavailability of two brands of chlorpropamide, Dibonis, and Diabinese has been evaluated in four healthy male volunteers in a randomized, balanced, cross-over study. No statistically significant differences were observed in the absorption rate constant, ka, time to reach peak serum concentration, tp, maximum serum concentration, Cmax, the overall elimination rate constant, kel, and the area under the curve, AUC, at 95% confidence level.
KANYUA PROFMUGAMBIJESSENDWIGA. "J.N.K. Mugambi, African Christian Rehology, Nairobi: Heinemann.".; 1989. Abstract
African Christian Theology, Nairobi, Heinemann, 1989
KANYUA PROFMUGAMBIJESSENDWIGA. "J.N.K. Mugambi, God Humanity and Nature in Relation to Justice and Peace, Geneva: WCC/Church and Socity Documents, No. 2.".; 1989. Abstract
KANYUA PROFMUGAMBIJESSENDWIGA. "J.N.K. Mugambi, The Biblical Basis of Evangelization, Nairobi: Oxford University Press.".; 1989. Abstract
N.K. PROFNJOROGEBERNARD. "J.N.Mukabi, B.N.Njoroge, T.Toda .". In: Proceedings 14 th Road World Congress, Paris. Boniface Kavoi, Andrew Makanya, Jameela Hassanali, Hans-Erik Carlsson, Stephen Kiama; 2001. Abstract
Performance and effectiveness of anaerobic process with biomass recycle, analogous to activated sludge process, in the treatment of high-strength brewery wastewater was investigated. This was achieved by using laboratory bench scale anaerobic digester, at organic loading rate in the range of 0.29 to 10kg Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) m-3d-1 which was much higher than the theoretical values in the conventional anaerobic process (continuous stirred tank reactor), that ranges between 0.25 to 3.00 kg COD m-3d-1. The study was undertaken using brewery wastewater collected from Thika Brewery Limited in Kenya. The experimental results showered that the recycled process achieved a percentage COD removal of between 86% and 95% while the conventional anaerobic process achieved between 66% and 84% for the same range of volumetric loading rate at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 days. The recycled process had a shorter start-up time and responded much better to changes in both hydraulic and organic loading rates. Gas production was higher in the recycled process than in the conventional process. The methane yield at standard temperature (20 C) ranged between 0.25 and 0.32 m3/kg COD removed foe the recycled process while it was between 0.19 and 0.30m-3kg COD for conventional process. The experimental result showed that most of the COD removed was converted to methane as opposed to biomass synthesis. This has an added advantage in that there is less sludge production for the recycled process. The results of the study show that anaerobic process with biomass recycle holds potential for treatment of high-strength industrial wastewater, like brewery effluent. Such a process could result in savings, in reduced sludge to be disposed and better effluent than is possible with the conventional anaerobic digestion process.
O PROFBWIBONIMROD. "J.N.S. Jitta, R.N. Musoke, N.O. Bwibo, J. Kioni. Composition of early human early human milk of Kenya Mothers of Preterm and term infants. East Afr. Med. J. 63:693, 1986.". In: East Afr. Med. J. 63:693, 1986. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 2008; 1986. Abstract
N. PROFKARANJANANCYK. "J.R. Okalebo, N.K. Karanja, H.K. Maritim, P.L. Woomer, P.A. Obura, P. Nekesa and F. Mwaura, 2002. Nutrient replenishment in smallhold farms of western Kenya using the .". In: Paper presented at the IFDC International Workshop on .; 2002. Abstract
N PROFNYAGAP. "J.S. Kaminjolo and P.N. Nyaga. Uasin Gishu skin disease and Dermatophilus congolensis infection in the horse a review. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afric. Vol. 31 (1), 1983: 17-20.". In: Proceedings: 10th Convention, Indian Society for Veterinary Surgery, Nov. 1986. au-ibar; 1983. Abstract
N PROFNYAGAP. "J.S. Kaminjolo, J.A. Ayoade, T.P.C. Makhambera, P.N.Nyaga and Lily Caroline Bebora (1988). Contagious ecythyma in Boer goat. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afric.36: 83-85.". In: KVA meeting Mombasa, 4th September, 1989. au-ibar; 1988. Abstract
N PROFNYAGAP. "J.S. Kaminjolo, J.P.O. Wamukoya and P.N. Nyaga. A preliminary report on the occurence of a disease in broilers in Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afri. Vol. 25, 1977: 431-434.". In: Proceedings: 10th Convention, Indian Society for Veterinary Surgery, Nov. 1986. au-ibar; 1977. Abstract
N PROFNYAGAP. "J.S. Kaminjolo, P.N. Nyaga, and J.N. Gicho. Isolation, cultivation and characterisation of a poxvirus from horses in Kenya. Zebl. Vet. Med. B21., 1974: 592-601.". In: Proceedings: 10th Convention, Indian Society for Veterinary Surgery, Nov. 1986. au-ibar; 1974. Abstract
N PROFNYAGAP. "J.S. Kaminjolo, P.N. Nyaga, J.K. Omuse, and E.R. Mutiga Infectious bovine rhinotracheatis infectious bovine pustulo - vulvo-vaginitis viral isolates from cattle with epididymitis and vaginitis. Amer. J. Vet Res. 36 (1975): 123-125.". In: Proceedings: 10th Convention, Indian Society for Veterinary Surgery, Nov. 1986. au-ibar; 1975. Abstract
N. PROFKARANJANANCYK. "J.W. Kimenju, N.K. Karanja and I. Macharia, 1999. Plant parasitic nematodes associated with common bean in Kenya and the effect of Meloidogyne infection on bean nodulation. African Crop Science Journal 7 (4), 489-497.". In: In Proceedings of the 12th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation, FozdoIguacu, Parana, Brazil, September 12-17, 2000. Nitrogen Fixation: From molecules to crop productivity (eds. F.P. Pedrosa, M. Hungria, M.G. Yates and W.E. Newton), pp. 547.; 1999. Abstract
"J.W. Muritu, I.O. Kibwage, C.K. Maitai and J. Hoogmartens. Evaluation of tetracycline raw materials and finished products found on the Kenyan market. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 12(12):1483-8." J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1994 Dec;12(12):1483-8.; 1994. Abstract
Contents of tetracycline, its degradation products (epitetracycline, epianhydrotetracycline, anhydrotetracycline) and a fermentation impurity (2-acetyl-2-decarboxamidotetracycline) were determined in four raw materials, 12 batches of six ointment products, four eye ointment products and nine batches of five capsule products, all sampled from the Kenyan market. The analytical method was liquid chromatography on a column packed with a poly(styrenedivinyl-benzene) material (8-microns PLRP-S 100 A). All raw materials and finished products had tetracycline contents and impurity levels within the prescribed compendial limits.
W PROFMWANGIJULIUS. "J.W. Mwangi (2000). MUPAL.". In: Pharmaceutical J. Kenya 11: (30) 35-38. The Kenya Medical Association; 2000. Abstract
Myrica salicifolia Hoechst (Myricaceae) root extract was found to have analgesic activity in mice. In rats there was antipyretic but no antiinflammatory activity. Copyright 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
W PROFMWANGIJULIUS. "J.W. Mwangi and H.A.Okech-Rabah (1998). Traditional Herbal Medicine in Kenya. The Pharmaceutical J. Kenya 9:22-24.". In: The Pharmaceutical J. Kenya 9:22-24. The Kenya Medical Association; 1998. Abstract
Persons with congenital or acquired immunosuppression have long been known to have an increased incidence of lymphoproliferative disorders. Unsurprisingly, therefore, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is associated with an increased incidence of lymphoma. Three cases with HIV-associated lymphoma aged 30, 32 and 35 years respectively are presented. Two had cutaneous non-Hodgkin's lymphoma while one had Hodgkin's lymphoma. Standard chemotherapy for lymphoma was given with good tumour regression. Two of the patients died within six months of lymphoma diagnosis due to other complications of HIV.
W PROFMWANGIJULIUS, N PROFGUANTAIA. "J.W. Mwangi, A.N. Guantai and Gichuru Muriuki (1985) Eucalyptus citriodora .". In: E. Africa Agric. For. J. 46: 89-96. A. N. GUANTAI, J. W. MWANG1, G1CHURU MURIUKI and K. A. M. KURIA; 1985.
W PROFMWANGIJULIUS, N PROFGUANTAIA. "J.W. Mwangi, A.N. Guantai and Gichuru Muriuki (1985) Eucalyptus citriodora .". In: E. Africa Agric. For. J. 46: 89-96. The Kenya Medical Association; 1985. Abstract
The effect of acqueous extract of the tuber of Adenia globosa on the isolated preparation of the rat uterus was determined. The crude drug caused a dose-dependent contraction of the tissue preparation. This action was enhanced by a small dose of oxytocin. The results are discussed in relation to the traditional uses of this plant.
W PROFMWANGIJULIUS. "J.W. Mwangi, C.K. Maitai, and Talalaj (1982). Essential oil content of Eucalyptus citriodora (Hooker) growing in Kenya. Kenya J. Sci. Tech. 3: 55-56.". In: Kenya J. Sci. Tech. 3: 55-56. The Kenya Medical Association; 1982. Abstract
W PROFMWANGIJULIUS, N PROFGUANTAIA. "J.W. Mwangi, G. Muriuki, A.N. Guantai and W. Lwande (1988). Volatile constituents of Ocimum fischeri Guerke. Kenya J. Sci. B.9: 119-121.". In: Kenya J. Sci. B.9: 119-121. Ivan Addae-Mensah,t Rahab Munenge and Anastasia N. Guantai; 1988. Abstract
Cardiovascular activities of nitidine chloride from Zanthoxylunt chalybeum have been compared with those of 9-methoxychelerythrine. Whereas nitidinc chloride was found to show significant hypotensive activity in rabbits, 9-methoxychelerythrine chloride showed no hypotensive activity. The effect of nitidine chloride on isolated rabbit heart was also compared with those of adrenaline and acetylcholine. 9-Methoxychelerythrine, which has hitherto been regarded as an artefact formed by recrystallization of chelerythrine base from methanol, has been shown in this work to be a true natural constituent of Zanthoxylum chalybeum. Keywords: 9-inethoxychelerythrine; nitidine chloride; cardiovascular properties; hypotensive effect; Zanthoxylum chalybeum.
W PROFMWANGIJULIUS, N PROFGUANTAIA. "J.W. Mwangi, G. Muriuki, A.N. Guantai and W. Lwande (1988). Volatile constituents of Ocimum fischeri Guerke. Kenya J. Sci. B.9: 119-121.". In: Kenya J. Sci. B.9: 119-121. The Kenya Medical Association; 1988. Abstract
"J.W. Mwangi, G. N. Thoithi, I.O. Kibwage on Essential oil bearing plants from Kenya: Chemistry, Biological activity and Applications. In H.Rodolfo Juliani, James E. Simon and Chi-Tang Ho (Eds). African Natural Products: New Discoveries and Challenges in C." American Chemical Society. Washington DC, USA, Chapter 27, pp 495-525.; 2009. Abstract
PIP: This research report studies several biochemical and histochemical aspects of cervical carcinoma and explores their use in follow-up of patients undergoing radiotherapy. Material came from 19 patients with invasive cervical carcinoma admitted to Kenyatta National Hospital. A control group consisted of 20 women matched for age who attended clinics at the hospital but were not suffering from any malignant disease; control tissue for histological examination was obtained from 3 women who had undergone hysterectomy for uterine fibroids. Biochemical assays for alkaline and acid phosphatases in patients with cervical carcinoma show an increase in alkaline phosphatase in carcinomatous tissue (35.7 umoles/hr/mg) as opposed to normal tissue (7.2). Acid phosphatase values were only moderately raised. Assays of the same enzymes in blood showed a less marked difference between patients and controls (ranges of 7.5-20.8 and 3-14, respectively). When examined histochemically, increased alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in connective tissue, epithelium of the glands and blood capillaries of tumor tissue. 1 section containing normal tissue bordering carcinomatous tissue demonstrated normal alkaline phosphatase activity in the normal tissue and increased activity in the tumor tissue. In summary, there is increased enzyme activity around the tumor areas, but values for serum levels show an overlap of normal and abnormal cases and are therefore not predictive. Results demonstrate a clear difference in activities of these enzymes in carcinomatous tissue and normal tissue, which may be of value in follow-up care.
"J.W. Mwangi, G.N. Thoithi, I.O. Kibwage , J.A. Zygadlo, M.L. Lopez, M.M. Olivia, M.S. Demo, M. Toyota and J.C. Chalchat. Constituents of the essential oil of Cymbopogon afronardus Stapf. ." East Cent. Afr. J. Pharm. Sci. 2001;4(2):43-47. Abstract
The pleasantly smelling light yellow essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from
the leaves of Cymbopogon afronardus Stapf. (Graminea) (yield 0.4 01..) was analysed
by GC and GC-MS. Forty five compounds constituting about 95.9 'Yo of the oil were
identified. The major constituents were S-epiparadisol and intermedcol (40.9 %
together), 6S:7R bisabolone (39.5 %) and 6R:7R-bisabolone (4.4 %). The essential
oil of C afronardus was significantly different from that of C nardus (L.) Rendle.
The antimicrobial activity of the oil is also reported.
"J.W. Mwangi, GN. Thoithi, I.0. Kibwage. Essential Oil of Cymhopogon winterianus Jowitt from Tanzania: Composition and Antimicrobial Activity.". 2006. Abstract
The hydro-distilled essential oil (1.6%) of fresh aerial parts of wild Cymbopogon
winterianus Jowitt was analyzed by GC-MS. Fifty compounds representing 96.5% of the oil were
identified. The main components of theoil were linalool (27.4%), citronellol (l 0.9%), geraniol (8.5%),
u-calacorene, cis-calamenene (4.3%), l3-elemene(3.9%) and longifolene (3.5%). The oil exhibited low
antimicrobial activity.
M. PROFMUNAVURAPHAEL. "J.W. Mwangi, I. Addae-Mensah, G. Muriuki, R.M Munavu and W. Lwande. Essential oils of Kenyan Lippia species. Part IV: Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) and larvicidal activity. International.". In: Journal of Pharmacognosy 30 (1): 9-16. Journal of School of Continuous and Distance Education ; 1992. Abstract
W PROFMWANGIJULIUS. "J.W. Mwangi, I. Addae-Mensah, R.M Munavu and W. Lwande (1990). Essential oils of Lippia ukambensis chemotypes and Lippia somalensis in Kenya. Journal Essential Oil Research 3 (6) : 413-417.". In: Journal Essential Oil Research 3 (6) : 413-417. The Kenya Medical Association; 1990. Abstract
W PROFMWANGIJULIUS. "J.W. Mwangi, I. Addae-Mensah, R.M Munavu and W. Lwande (1991). Essential oil of Kenyan Lippia species. Part III: Flavour and Fragrance Journal 6 (3): 221-224.". In: International Journal of Pharmacognosy 30 (1): 9-16. The Kenya Medical Association; 1991. Abstract
W PROFMWANGIJULIUS. "J.W. Mwangi, K.J. Achola, R. Laurent, W. Lwande and A. Hassanali (1995). Essential oil constituents of Sphaeranthus cyathuloides. J. Essential Oil Research. 7: 177-178.". In: J. Essential Oil Research. 7: 177-178. The Kenya Medical Association; 1995. Abstract
W PROFMWANGIJULIUS. "J.W. Mwangi, K.J. Achola, W. Lwande and A. Hassanali (1998). Aromatic plants of Kenya: Volatile constituents of leaf oils of Sphaeranthus suaveolens (Forsk) D.C. and S. bullatus Mattf. East and Central Afri. J. Pharm. Scie. I: (1) 24-26.". In: East and Central Afri. J. Pharm. Scie. I: (1) 24-26. The Kenya Medical Association; 1998. Abstract
"J.W. Mwangi, P.K. Gathumbi, I.O. Kibwage , G.N. Thoithi and H.A. Oketech-Rabah. Alternative medicines and prostate enlargement. Prunus Africana emphasis . ." Pharm. J. of Kenya. 2001;11:26-31.
KARURI PROFGATHUMBIPETER. "J.W. Mwangi, P.K. Gathumbi, I.O. Kibwage, G.N. Thoithi and H. Oketch- Rabah (2001). Alternative medicines and prostate management- Prunus africana emphasis. The pharmaceutical journal 12: 26-30.". In: Proceedings of the 13th International Veterinary Radiology Association (IVRA) Congress 18th . Bull. Anim Hlth. Prod. Afr. 54: 100-109; 2001. Abstract
W PROFMWANGIJULIUS. "J.W. Mwangi, W. Alwande and A.Hassanali (1994). Composition of the Essential oil of Ocimum keniense Ayobangira. Flavour and Fragrance J. 9: 75-76.". In: Flavour and Fragrance J. 9: 75-76. The Kenya Medical Association; 1994. Abstract
A methanol extract of Syzygium guineense bark inhibited intrinsic contractions of rabbit isolated ileum. The inhibition, at bath concentrations of 0.5 - 2.0 mg/ml, was dose-related but non-linear. It produced sustained hypotension in anaesthetized rats. A dose of 5 ug lowered systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure by 16%, 22% and 17%, respectively below the pre-drug levels. Maximum effect was obtained at a dose of 40 ug when the systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures fell by 23%, 36% and 28%, respectively below the pre-drug levels. The greater fall in blood pressure was in diastolic than systolic blood pressure. The extract caused a weaker but similar effect to isoprenaline on rabbit isolated heart. While the effect on rabbit isolated ileum supports the folkloric use of the plant as an antispasmodic, further work is required to confirm and categorize the observed pharmacological activities.
"J.W. Mwangi, W. Masengo, G.N. Thoithi and I.O. Kibwage (1999) . Screening of some Kenyan Medicine Plants using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. ." East Cent. Afr. J. Pharm.Sci.. 1999;2(3):63-71. Abstract
Field trips to herbalists' practices in an area about 200 miles around Nairobi (Kenya) enabled us to make a list of medicinal plant species preferentially used to treat malaria. Ajuga remota and Caesalpinia volkensii were further investigated as being the most frequently used species. Aqueous decoctions, ethanol macerates, and petroleum ether, methanol and water Soxhlet extracts of these plants were further tested for their in vitro antimalarial properties in a chloroquine sensitive (FCA/20GHA) and resistant (W2) strain of Plasmodium falciparum. The activity was assessed by the parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) assay method. There was a concentration-dependent inhibition by the vegetal extracts of both plants. The IC(50) of the most active A. remota extract (ethanol macerate) was 55 and 57 microg/ml against FCA/20GHA and W2, respectively. For C. volkensii, it was the Soxhlet-water extract which was most active against FCA/20GHA with an IC(50) of 404 microg/ml while the petroleum ether extract exhibited the most activity against W2 with an IC(50) of 250 microg/ml. Further phytochemical work is being done in order to identify the active principles
"J.W. Mwangi,· G.N. Thoithi, I.0.Kibwage,M.S. Demo and M.M. Oliva,M.P.Zunino and J.A. Zygadlo. Essential Oil of Rynchosia minima DC. from Kenya: Composition and Antibacterial Properties.". 2005. Abstract
The hydrodistilled essential oil (yield, 0.1%) of semi-dried leaves of Rynchosia minima DC. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-four compounds representing 95.9% of the oil were identified. The major components were
found to be ~caryophyllene (30.4%), germacrene B (17.9%), camphor (7.8%), a-humulene (7.4%) and y-muurolene
(7.3%). The oil was found to exhibit antibacterial activity against Bacillus ceTUS,Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus.
O DRBWANGACALEB. "J.W. Wakhungu and Bwanga, C.O. Preweaning mortality of dairy cattle on smallholdings in Western Kenya.". In: Proceedings in Annual Kenya Veterinary Association Scientific Conference, Kabete, Nairobi. The Cleveland Museum of Natural History; 1995.
W. DRWAKHUNGUJACOB. "J.W. Wakhungu and J.J. Otim.(1992). The production environment and choice of dairy cattle improvement programmes-an overview. Page 751 a.". In: paper presented at the All Africa conference on animal agriculture: achievements, challenges and prospects, November 23-27, 1992, Nairobi, Kenya. Institute of African Studies, University of Nairobi; 1992.
W. DRWAKHUNGUJACOB. "J.W.Wakhungu; G.A.Olukoye;W.N.Wamicha;J.I.Kinyamario and J.I.Mwanje(2002).Environmental impacts of livestock- wildlife ranching in Lakipia District, Kenya.". In: Proceedings of the Animal production Society of Kenya, pp49-58. Institute of African Studies, University of Nairobi; 2002.
O. PROFNDINYA-ACHOLAJ. "Jackson DJ, Martin Jr, HL, Bwayo J, Nyange PM, Rakwar JP, Kashonga F, Mandalya K, Ndinya-Achola JO, Kreiss JK,Acceptability of HIV Vaccine Trials in High-Risk Heterosexual Cohorts in Mombasa, Kenya.AIDS 9: 1297-83 1995.". In: AIDS 9: 1297-83 1995. IBIMA Publishing; 1995. Abstract
For a HIV vaccine to be effective, it will be essential that it protect against the virus variants to which individuals are most frequently exposed. HIV-1 is predominantly a sexually acquired virus, thus, variants in genital secretions are a potentially important reservoir of viruses that are transmitted. Because there are no data available on variants in the genital mucosa, we analyzed this provirus population and compared it to the proviruses in the blood of individuals chronically infected with HIV-1. A major genetic difference between variants within a patient were insertions, which were apparently created by duplication of adjacent sequences, that resulted in acquisition of new potential glycosylation sites in V1 and V2. Comparisons of mucosal and PBMC variants suggest that these tissues harbor distinct, but related populations of HIV-1 variants. In two of three patients, the mucosal variants were most closely related to a minor variant genotype in blood. In a third individual, viruses in both tissues were surprisingly homogeneous, but the majority of variants in the cervix encoded a V1 sequence with a predicted glycosylation pattern similar to a minor variant in blood. The V3 sequence patterns of the mucosal isolates indicate they may be predominantly macrophage-tropic viruses.
JOAB PROFBWAYOJOB. "Jackson DJ, Ngugi EN, Plummer FA, Kirui P, Kariuki C, Ndinya-Achola JO, Bwayo JJ, Moses S.Stable antenatal HIV-1 seroprevalence with high population mobility and marked seroprevalence variation among sentinel sites within Nairobi, Kenya. AIDS. 1999 Apr 1;.". In: AIDS. 1999 Apr 1;13(5):583-9. Asian Economic and Social Society; 1999. Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To monitor and analyse trends in HIV-1 seroprevalence among antenatal women in Nairobi, Kenya. DESIGN: Six sequential surveys were carried out among antenatal clinic attenders at four Nairobi City Council health centres between November 1991 and April 1997. METHODS: A total of 6828 women attending for first antenatal clinic visit were administered a standard questionnaire to obtain demographic information and were screened for HIV-1. RESULTS: HIV-1 seroprevalence rose from 12.1% in the first survey to 16.2% in the third, completed in October 1993. No rise was observed in subsequent surveys, and seroprevalence among women under the age of 20 declined after the third survey. Significant differences in seroprevalence (P < 0.001) were observed in all survey rounds between women who reported that their province of origin was Nyanza (22.4% overall), compared with those from other provinces in western Kenya (14.1%), and the eastern group of provinces (8.9%). The rise in HIV-1 seroprevalence observed between 1991 and 1993 was almost entirely attributable to the rising seroprevalence among women from Nyanza. There were considerable differences in HIV-1 seroprevalence among the four health centres, partly accounted for by differences in the proportion of clinic attenders from different provinces of origin, which also changed significantly over time. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-1 seroprevalence has stabilized in antenatal women attending these health centres in Nairobi, and may be declining among women in the youngest age group. This may reflect stabilization of HIV-1 incidence, but further observation is required. The levels of infection among Nairobi residents reflect the evolution of the HIV epidemic in their provinces of origin, and changing client composition influences HIV-1 seroprevalence at different clinics. HIV sentinel surveillance should be carried out at multiple sites in large urban centres to monitor accurately the evolution of the HIV epidemic and the impact of control efforts in reducing transmission.
O. PROFNDINYA-ACHOLAJ. "Jackson DJ, Rakwar JP, Chohan B, Mandalya K, Bwayo J, Ndinya-Achola JO, Nagelkerke NJD, Kreiss JK, Moses S. Urethral Infection in a Workplace Population of East African Men: Evaluation of Strategies for screening and Management. J. Inf. Dis 175: 833-8, 19.". In: J. Inf. Dis 175: 833-8, 1997. IBIMA Publishing; 1997. Abstract
Transport workers (n = 504) in Mombasa, Kenya, were screened for urethral infection by history, clinical examination, and laboratory testing of urethral swabs and first-catch urine specimens. The prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was 3.4%, Chlamydia trachomatis, 3.6%, and Trichomonas vaginalis, 6.0%; more than two-thirds of infections were asymptomatic. A complaint of urethral discharge, dysuria, or both was twice as sensitive as the sign of discharge on physical examination (34.5% vs. 15.5%) in identifying infection. A positive leukocyte esterase dipstick (LED) test on urine predicted infection with a sensitivity of 95.0% and a specificity of 59.3% in symptomatic men and with a sensitivity of 55.3% and a specificity of 82.8% in asymptomatic men. Demographic and behavioral factors were not independent predictors of infection. In resource-poor settings with high prevalences of urethral infection, an effective screening and management strategy would be to treat symptomatic men, as well as asymptomatic men with a positive LED test, for all three infections.
O. PROFNDINYA-ACHOLAJ. "Jackson DJ, Rakwar JP, Richardson BA, Mandalya K, Chohan BH, Bwayo J, Ndinya Achola JO, Martin Jr HL, Moses S Kreiss JK.Decreased Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Trucking Companies in Kenya: results of a Risk-Reduction Programme AIDS II: .". In: results of a Risk-Reduction Programme AIDS II: 903-09, 1997. IBIMA Publishing; 1997. Abstract
O PROFMIDIWOJACOB. "Jacob O Midiwo, F. M. Omoto, A. Yenesew, H.M. Akala, J. Wangui, P. Liyala, C. Wasuna, N.C. Waters. The first 9-hydroxy isoflavanone and anti-plasmodial chalcones from the aerial exudates of Polygonum senegalense.". In: Arkivoc (ix) 21-27.; 2007. Abstract
NJENGA PROFMBUGUAPAUL. "Jacob, J. P, B. N. Mitaru, P.N. Mbugua and R. Blair. (1996): The effect of substituting Kenya Serena sorghum for maize in broiler starter diets with different dietary crude protein and methionine levels. Anim. Feed Sci. and Tech 61: 27-39.". In: In proceedings: VIIIth World conference on animal production. Seoul, Korea. Heinrich Boll Foundation.; 1996.
NJENGA PROFMBUGUAPAUL. "Jacob, J. P., B. N. Mitaru, P. N. Mbugua and R. Blair (1996): The feeding value of Kenya sorghum, sunflower seed cake and sesame seed cake for broilers and layers. Anim Feed Sci. and Tech. 61:41-56.". In: In proceedings: VIIIth World conference on animal production. Seoul, Korea. Heinrich Boll Foundation.; 1996.
NJENGA PROFMBUGUAPAUL. "Jacob, J. P., B. N. Mitaru, P. N. Mbugua and R. Blair (1997): The nutritive value of Kenyan sorghum for poultry. Trop. Sci. 37: 43-48.". In: In proceedings: VIIIth World conference on animal production. Seoul, Korea. Heinrich Boll Foundation.; 1997.
OGONYO DRBOSIREKEFA. "Jae Sung Lee, Jong Suk Lee, Jae Don Yoon, Sung-Mok Beak, Kefa O. Bosire, Yong Soo Lee, Jung-Ae: Production of lignin Peroxidase by Phellinus igniarius and Cytotoxic effects of Ligin hydrolysates derived from wood biomass on cancer cells. J. Appl. Pharmaco.". In: J. Appl. Pharmacol. 12, 3, (2004) 189-193. Folio Morphol; 2004. Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) is a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica. In the present study, the mechanism of anticancer effect of AA on skin cancer was investigated. AA decreased viability and induced apoptosis in human melanoma SK-MEL-2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. AA also markedly increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and enhanced the expression of Bax but not Bcl-2 protein in the cells. In addition, AA-induced activation of caspase-3 activity in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with Trolox, an antioxidant, significantly blocked the induction of Bax and activation of caspase-3 in AA-treated cells. Furthermore, Ac-DEVD-CHO, a specific caspase-3 inhibitor, and Trolox prevented the AA-induced apoptosis. AA did not elevate p53 nuclear protein levels that are present in a mutant form in SK-MEL-2 cells. These results suggest that AA-induced apoptosis may be mediated through generation of ROS, alteration of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activation of caspase-3, but p53-independent. These results further suggest that AA may be a good candidate for the therapeutic intervention of human skin cancer.
A PROFOMWANDHOCHARLESO. "Jaeger M, Grussner SE, Omwandho CO, Klein K, Tinneberg HR, Klingmuller V. Cranial Sonography for Newborn Screening: A 10 year retrospective Study in 11, 887 Newborns.[Article in German].". In: Rofo. 2004 Jun;176(6):852-8. [Article in German].; 2004. Abstract
We retrospectively analyzed the results of a sonographic cranial screening study, performed between 1985 and 1994 to determine the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage and cerebral anomalies based on obstetrical risk factors. In the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University Giessen, Giessen, Germany, 94.6 % (n = 11,887) of all children born during the study period were included and underwent sonographic cranial screening within the first 10 days after birth. Cerebral abnormalities were found in 653 (= 5.5 %) cases, and peri-/intraventricular hemorrhages (PIVH, grade I-IV) in 303 cases. Periventricular leucomalacia, porencephaly, subarachnoidal hemorrhage and hydrocephaly were rare (
MBATIAH PMWENDA. ""Jahanamu"- published in an anthology entitled: Pendo la heba.". In: Journal of the Kiswahili Department, University of Dar es Salaam.; 1997. Abstract
GACERI DRWAGAIYUEVELYN. "Jahil R A, Ashley F P Wilson R.F. Wagaiyu E.G Concentrations of thiocyanate, hypothiocyanite, .". In: J Periodontal Res. 1993 Mar;28(2):130-6. EM Ngatia, LW Gathece, FG Macigo, TK Mulli, LN Mutara, EG Wagaiyu.; 1993. Abstract
Department of Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, United Medical School of Guy's Hospital, London, UK. Resting and stimulated whole saliva was collected from 94 children aged 12-14 years and analyzed for thiocyanate, hypothiocyanite, 'free' and 'total' lysozyme, lactoferrin and secretory IgA. Clinical assessments of the amounts of plaque and gingival inflammation were made, and plaque was collected for determination of dry weight. An inverse relationship was observed between salivary thiocyanate concentrations in both resting and stimulated saliva and the amounts of plaque and gingival inflammation in these subjects (p < 0.05). Lactoferrin concentration in stimulated saliva was directly related to the amounts of plaque and gingivitis (p < 0.05). 'Total' lysozyme concentration in stimulated saliva was directly related to the amount of plaque (p < 0.05), and the 'free' lysozyme concentration in the same saliva was directly related to the amount of gingivitis (p < 0.05). The direct relationship observed between clinical measurements and both lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations in saliva may have been due to contributions from gingival crevicular fluid. Cluster analysis identified three groups of subjects with different profiles in resting whole saliva, and in particular with different levels of secretory IgA. A statistically significant difference was observed in the quantity of plaque collected from subjects in two of these groups (p < 0.05). These results from cluster analysis using resting whole saliva from children confirmed the findings of a previous study with young adults.
KIRTDA DRACHARYAS. "Jain R, Batra Y, Acharya SK.Post cholecystectomy hemobilia: transcatheter embolization of pseudoaneurysms with homemade steel coils.Indian J Gastroenterol. 2002 Jul-Aug;21(4):161-2.". In: Indian J Gastroenterol. 2002 Jul-Aug;21(4):161-2. The Icfai University Journal of Architecture, Vol. II No.1, February 2010; 2002. Abstract
Two patients presented with hemobilia, one and two months following cholecystectomy. Angiography demonstrated pseudoaneurysms arising form the gastroduodenal and right hepatic arteries. Percutaneous transcatheter embolization of the pseudoaneurysms was successfully performed in both patients using homemade steel coils.
KIRTDA DRACHARYAS. "Jain R, Sawhney S, Gupta RG, Acharya SK.Sonographic appearances and percutaneous management of primary tuberculous liver abscess.J Clin Ultrasound. 1999 Mar-Apr;27(3):159-63.". In: J Clin Ultrasound. 1999 Mar-Apr;27(3):159-63. The Icfai University Journal of Architecture, Vol. II No.1, February 2010; 1999. Abstract
Primary tuberculous liver abscesses are rare. We report on 3 patients who presented with a nonresolving abscess in the liver. Clinical presentation and sonographic findings in each case were nonspecific. A diagnosis of tuberculosis was established with microbiologic examination of pus in 2 cases and examination of an excised abscess wall in 1 case. Needle aspiration (1 patient) and short-term (72 hours) catheter drainage (1 patient) were unsuccessful, and surgical excision was required in these patients. In the third patient, continuous catheter drainage over 18 days resulted in cure, indicating that long-term catheter drainage with antituberculous chemotherapy may be a viable alternative to surgery in the management of primary tuberculous liver abscess.
PARVEEN DRQURESHIZAHIDA, OTIENO DRODAWAFRANCISXAVIER. "Jaldesa GW, Qureshi ZP, Wanjala S M H, Sekkade-Kigondu C. Factors Enhancing the Practice of Female Genital Mutilation among the Kenyan Somalis. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of East and Central Africa 14 (2), 110, 1998.". In: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of East and Central Africa 14 (2), 110, 1998. EM Ngatia, LW Gathece, FG Macigo, TK Mulli, LN Mutara, EG Wagaiyu.; 1998. Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In sub-Saharan Africa, many family planning programmes do not encourage advance provision of oral contraceptives to clients who must wait until menses to initiate pill use. Since some resistance to advance provision of pills is due to provider fears that the practice may be harmful, we conducted a study in Kenya in 1997 to compare pill-taking outcomes between 20 "advance provision" clients and 280 "standard" clients. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Six family planning clinics in Central and Western Kenya. SUBJECTS: Women presenting as new clients at MOH family planning clinics. INTERVENTIONS: Researchers used prospective tracking to compare indicators of pill-taking success between non-menstruating clients given pills to carry home for later use and menstruating clients who began pill use immediately. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pill-taking outcomes such as side effects, compliance, knowledge, satisfaction, and a continuation proxy. RESULTS: Among clients returning for re-supply, those receiving advance provision of pills did no worse than, and often had superior outcomes to, their counterparts who started taking pills immediately after the clinic visit. CONCLUSIONS: Advance provision of pills, already practiced worldwide, is safe and feasible. Explicit mention should be made of advance provision of pills in national family planning guidance documents and training curricula in Kenya and throughout sub-Saharan Africa.
PARVEEN DRQURESHIZAHIDA. "Jaldesa GW, Wanjala SMH, Qureshi Z P, Sekkade-Kigondu C. Maternal Morbidity and Mortality at Garissa Provincial Hospital, 3 year retrospective Survey. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of East and Central Africa 14 ( 2 ), 68, 1998.". In: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of East and Central Africa 14 ( 2 ), 68, 1998. Far East Journal of Theoretical Statistics; 1998. Abstract
PARVEEN DRQURESHIZAHIDA, OTIENO DRODAWAFRANCISXAVIER. "Jaldesa GW, Wanjala SMH, Qureshi Z P, Sekkade-Kigondu C. Maternal Morbidity and Mortality at Garissa Provincial Hospital, 3 year retrospective Survey. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of East and Central Africa 14 ( 2 ), 68, 1998.". In: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of East and Central Africa 14 ( 2 ), 68, 1998. EM Ngatia, LW Gathece, FG Macigo, TK Mulli, LN Mutara, EG Wagaiyu.; 1998. Abstract
A. MRJALEHAALEXC. "Jaleha A.A. "The implications of Motor vehicle thefts on the underwriting processes in Kenya", MBA Research Project,.". In: Department of Clinical Studies University of Nairobi 2008. Departmental seminar; 1993. Abstract
Description: This book describes four types of indigenous water retention structures used in East Africa. These structures are the Berkad tank, the Charco dam, sand wiers and hillside water retention ditches.
GACERI DRWAGAIYUEVELYN. "Jalil RA, Ashley FP, Wilson RF, Wagaiyu EG.Concentrations of thiocyanate, hypothiocyanite, 'free' and 'total' lysozyme, lactoferrin and secretory IgA in resting and stimulated whole saliva of children aged 12-14 years and the relationship with plaque accu.". In: J Periodontal Res. 1993 Mar;28(2):130-6. EM Ngatia, LW Gathece, FG Macigo, TK Mulli, LN Mutara, EG Wagaiyu.; 1993. Abstract
Resting and stimulated whole saliva was collected from 94 children aged 12-14 years and analyzed for thiocyanate, hypothiocyanite, 'free' and 'total' lysozyme, lactoferrin and secretory IgA. Clinical assessments of the amounts of plaque and gingival inflammation were made, and plaque was collected for determination of dry weight. An inverse relationship was observed between salivary thiocyanate concentrations in both resting and stimulated saliva and the amounts of plaque and gingival inflammation in these subjects (p < 0.05). Lactoferrin concentration in stimulated saliva was directly related to the amounts of plaque and gingivitis (p < 0.05). 'Total' lysozyme concentration in stimulated saliva was directly related to the amount of plaque (p < 0.05), and the 'free' lysozyme concentration in the same saliva was directly related to the amount of gingivitis (p < 0.05). The direct relationship observed between clinical measurements and both lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations in saliva may have been due to contributions from gingival crevicular fluid. Cluster analysis identified three groups of subjects with different profiles in resting whole saliva, and in particular with different levels of secretory IgA. A statistically significant difference was observed in the quantity of plaque collected from subjects in two of these groups (p < 0.05). These results from cluster analysis using resting whole saliva from children confirmed the findings of a previous study with young adults.
ABDI PROFJAMAMOHAMUD. "Jama M.A. "Environmental Impacts of Structural Adjustment Programme in Eastern and Southern Africa" in African Perspectives on Structural Adjustment: Our Continent, Our Future, 2001 (ed. Thandika Mkandawire and Charles Soludo. Africa World Press Internati.". In: Africa World Press International, IDRC, Ottawa. ELOQUENT BOOKS NY, Strategic Book Group, Connecticut, USA. ISBN-978-1-60911-081-9.Pages1; 2001. Abstract
Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} Products of gene modification have vast implications. Creating public awareness and disseminating information on the subject seeks to demystify some of the widely held falsehoods regarding genetically modified products. This is an informative, thorough and easy to understand guidebook that aims to enlighten and debunk some of the commonly held misconceptions on products of gene modification and to give the reader a better understanding of the role genetic modification will play. The review sheds light on the safety, and application of these products in medicine, the food industry and other areas, especially those where genetic modification may represent a cheap, faster, credible, viable alternative in achieving sustainable development among resource-poor communities.
ABDI PROFJAMAMOHAMUD. "Jama, M. A., Onjala, J. (1994), Transport and Industrial Energy Conservation in Kenya Environmental Aspects (submitted to Energy Policy Journal).". In: submitted to Energy Policy Journal. ELOQUENT BOOKS NY, Strategic Book Group, Connecticut, USA. ISBN-978-1-60911-081-9.Pages1; 1994. Abstract
ABDI PROFJAMAMOHAMUD. "Jama, M.A, (1990) Rural Energy in an Arid Sub-location of Meru District, Kenya, in Conservation for Development, Editor Rodger Yeager, Africa-Caribbean Institute.". In: Africa-Caribbean Institute. ELOQUENT BOOKS NY, Strategic Book Group, Connecticut, USA. ISBN-978-1-60911-081-9.Pages1; 1990. Abstract
ABDI PROFJAMAMOHAMUD. "Jama, M.A. (1995) Impacts of Rural Energy Availability in Kenya: The Case of Kiambu district, Environmental Economics Unit, Working Paper, 1995: 2, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.". In: University of Gothenburg, Sweden. ELOQUENT BOOKS NY, Strategic Book Group, Connecticut, USA. ISBN-978-1-60911-081-9.Pages1; 1995. Abstract
ABDI PROFJAMAMOHAMUD. "Jama, M.A., (1991) Rural Energy in an Arid Sub-location of Meru District, Kenya. Published by African-Caribbean Institute.". In: African-Caribbean Institute. ELOQUENT BOOKS NY, Strategic Book Group, Connecticut, USA. ISBN-978-1-60911-081-9.Pages1; 1991. Abstract
ABDI PROFJAMAMOHAMUD. "Jama, M.A., Kabubo, J. W. (1993) Factors Influencing the Supply of Wheat: An Analysis for Kenya 1970-1989 (submitted to East African Economic Review).". In: East African Economic Review. ELOQUENT BOOKS NY, Strategic Book Group, Connecticut, USA. ISBN-978-1-60911-081-9.Pages1; 1993. Abstract
ABDI PROFJAMAMOHAMUD. "Jama, M.A., Kulundu D., (1992) "Smallholder Farmers Credit Repayment Performance in Lugari Division, Kakamega District, Kenya". East African Economic Review, Vol. 8, No.2.". In: East African Economic Review, Vol. 8, No.2. ELOQUENT BOOKS NY, Strategic Book Group, Connecticut, USA. ISBN-978-1-60911-081-9.Pages1; 1992. Abstract
ABDI PROFJAMAMOHAMUD. "Jama, M.A., Onjala, J O. (1994) Energy-Economy Interactions in Kenya (submitted to Energy Policy Journal).". In: Energy Policy Journal. ELOQUENT BOOKS NY, Strategic Book Group, Connecticut, USA. ISBN-978-1-60911-081-9.Pages1; 1994. Abstract
HENRY PROFINDANGASI. ""James Baldwin and Africa." In East Africa and the US. Ed. Hamza Njozi.Dar es Salaam: Institute of Kiswahili Research.". In: (Published in Japanese). GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies, Hamburg, July 2009; 1997. Abstract
This integrative review on the teaching of reading in Kenyan primary schools provides a foundation for the growing movement there to improve reading education. In gathering sources for this review, we took an inclusive historical stance. Thus, we did not dismiss research reports that lacked traditional indicators of quality such as being published in peer-reviewed journals. We used multiple methods to find relevant research and associated documents, including two trips to Kenya. The review is organized by six topics: (a) language of instruction, (b) reading instruction, (c) reading materials, (d) reading culture, (e) assessment, and (f) teacher development. The review concludes with six proposals for policymakers, educational researchers, and teacher educators for the development of reading instruction based on what we learned in reviewing the literature. The first proposals are intended specifically to address the teaching of reading in Kenya, but they may be relevant to other sub-Saharan nations. The final proposal encourages others to conduct similar reviews to make possible a handbook of reading in Africa.
Indangasi H. ""James Baldwin and Africa." In East Africa and the US. Ed. Hamza Njozi.Dar es Salaam: Institute of Kiswahili Research.". 2009.Website
MUCUNU DRMBARIAJ. "James M. Mbaria (2011). Lead poisoning.". In: Proceeding Continuous Professional Development (CPD) workshop on Forensic Veterinary Science. Elsevier; 2011. Abstract
ABSTRACT: AIM OF THE STUDY: The objective of the study was to investigate and document the utilization of medicinal (with emphasis on anthelmintic) plants by the people of Loitoktok district in Kenya for the management of both animal and human health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted between May and October 2009. Information was gathered from 23 traditional health practitioners, from across the district, by use of semi-structured questionnaires; transect walks, oral interviews and focus group discussions. Voucher specimens of cited plants were collected and deposited at the botanical herbarium of the University of Nairobi. RESULTS: A total of 80 medicinal plants cited were collected and identified as belonging to 46 families and 70 genera. The plants identified were 48%, 38%, 7%, 6% and 1% trees, shrubs, herbs, lianas and lichens, respectively. Most of the plants belonged to the families Fabaceae (10%), Euphorbiaceae (6%), Rutaceae (5%) followed by Boraginaceae, Labiateae, Rubiaceae, and Solanaceae at 4% each. However, the six most important families by their medicinal use values in decreasing order were Rhamnaceae, Myrsinaceae, Oleaceae, Liliaceae, Usenaceae and Rutaceae. The ailments treated included respiratory conditions, helminthosis, stomach disorders, malaria, sexually transmitted diseases, infertilities and physical injuries. Helminthosis in both livestock and humans was recognized as a major disease managed by use of medicinal plants (with an informant consensus factor of 0.86) in the study area. The most frequently used plant anthelmintics were Albizia anthelmintica (Fabaceae), Myrsine africana (Myrsinaceae), Rapanea melanophleos (Myrsinaceae), Clausena anisata (Rutaceae) and Olea Africana (Oleaceae) used by 70%, 70%, 26%, 13% and 9% of the respondents, respectively. Other plant anthelmintics used, each by 4% of the respondents, were Rumex usambarensis (Polygonaceae) and Salvadora persica (Salvadoraceae). CONCLUSION: It is concluded that traditional health practice in Loitoktok depend largely on naturally growing plants and that the study area has a potential for bio-prospecting of crude drugs from plants due to the large number of medicinal plants cited. There is also need for further studies to validate the plants used in medicinal remedies in this area.
MUCUNU DRMBARIAJ. "James M. Mbaria: Traditional Knowledge and Practices of Indigenous Peopes in Coping with Diabetes. Expert Meeting on Indigenous Peoples, Diabetes and Development organized by International Diabetes Federation and World Diabetes Foundation. Held at Copenha.". In: . Expert Meeting on Indigenous Peoples, Diabetes and Development organized by International Diabetes Federation and World Diabetes Foundation. Dar-es-salaam University Press (DUP) in 1996.; 2012.
"James N. Kiarie, Joan K. Kreissa, Barbra A. Richardsonb and Grace C. John-Stewarta. Compliance with antiretroviral regimens to prevent perinatal HIV-1 transmission in Kenya."; 2003. Abstract
Objective: To compare compliance and infant HIV-1 infection risk at 6 weeks with
the Thai-CDC and HIVNET-012 antiretroviral regimens in a field setting.
Design: Randomized clinical trial.
Setting: Tertiary hospital antenatal clinic in Nairobi, Kenya.
Participants: HIV-1 infected women referred from primary care clinics.
Interventions: Thai-CDC zidovudine regimen or HIVNET-012 nevirapine regimen.
Main outcome measures: Women were considered compliant if they used > 80% of
the doses. Infants were tested for HIV-1 at 6 weeks.
Results: Seventy women were randomized to Thai-CDC and 69 to HIVNET-012
regimens. More women were compliant with the antenatal (86%) than the intrapartum
(44%) Thai-CDC regimen doses (P ¼ 0.001). Ninety-seven per cent took the maternal
and 91% gave the infant dose of the HIVNET-012 regimen (P ¼ 0.2). Overall, 41%
were compliant with the Thai-CDC regimen and 87% with the HIVNET-012 regimen
(P , 0.001). Compliance with the Thai-CDC regimen was associated with partner
support of antiretroviral use [odds ratio (OR), 3.0;, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0–
9.1] and knowledge at recruitment that antiretroviral drugs could prevent infant HIV-1
(OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.0–8.1). Compliance with the HIVNET-012 regimen was associated
with partner notification (OR, 8.0; 95% CI, 1.5–50) and partner willingness to
have HIV-1 testing(OR, 7.5; 95% CI, 1.4–40). There was a trend for a higher risk of
transmission with the HIVNET-012 regimen than with the Thai-CDC regimen (22%
versus 9%; P ¼ 0.07).
Conclusion: Compliance with the Thai-CDC and HIVNET-012 regimens was comparable
to that in efficacy trials. Partner involvement, support and education on perinatal
HIV-1 prevention may improve compliance and increase the number of infants
protected from HIV-1 infection.
"James Wanjohi Muthomi,Geoffrey Ongoya Wafula, John Huria Nderitu, George Ndiema Chemining'wa (2018). Integration of Seed Dressing, Bio-pesticides and Intercropping to Reduce Pesticide Usein Snap Bean Production( 2018). International .". 2018.
W PROFGUTHUASYMON. "JAMES, R.M., CHINDIA, M.L., and GUTHUA, S.W.: Maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation after surgery in Nairobi. J. Dent Res. 78(5), 1093, 1999 (Abs).". In: J. Dent Res. 78(5), 1093, 1999 (Abs). Elsevier; 1999. Abstract
S.W. Guthua , D.L. Mwaniki and F.G. Macigo. Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Nairobi , Kenya J. of Dental Research 1999, Vol. 78 Keloids are soft tissues growths which develop as a complication in later stages of wound healing. They occur more commonly in blacks in comparison to other racial groups. Although hereditary factors are implicated in individual selection and pathogenesis of keloids, the aetiology is unknown. The individuals who succumb to this disfiguring condition are usually psychologically traumatized thereby influencing their self-esteem. The management of these lesions is challenging and surgery alone without adjuvant radiotherapy shows high recurrence rate. 10 patients with keloids in the cervicofacial region are presented. The patients were divided in two categories. Category I patients (N=5) were managed with surgery and local steroid therapy. Category II patients (N=5) Received adjuvant superficial radiotherapy treatment (SXRT) after surgery. In two of the patients, in Category I, there was recurrence whereas in Category II, there was none. Complications observed in category I patients included; hypopigmentation and lipotrophy while in Category II patients, localized dermatitis, sloughing of the skin and local tissue necrosis (N=1) were observed. The complications related to SXRT improved and no invasive intervention was required. SXRT if meticulously fractionated and monitored seems to be the most favourable adjuvant modality in the management of keloids among the black population .
W PROFGUTHUASYMON. "JAMES, R.M., CHINDIA, M.L., and GUTHUA, S.W: Postoperative rehabilitation of Maxillofacial Structures using prostheses Therapy in Nairobi, Kenya. East Afr. Medi. Journal.". In: East Afr. Medi. Journal. Elsevier; 1983. Abstract
Analysis of 355 cases with fractures of the mandible indicated that 74.9% of the cases were due to interpersonal violence and 13.8% were caused by road traffic accidents. The men to women ratio was 8.4:1 and 75.5% of the fracture cases had single fractures while 24.5% had multiple fractures. In cases with a single fracture, the most commonly involved mandibular site was the body (42.2%). The angle of mandible was most frequently fractured (50.5%) in cases with multiple fractures.
O PROFNYINGUROPHILIP. "Jan. 29-30, 2007 .". In: Regional Conference on Capacity Building for the Fast Tracking of the East African Market, Pan Afric Hotel, Nairobi.; 2007. Abstract
AKINYI DRDWASIJANE. "Jane A. Dwasi, et al, Women and the Criminal Justice System in Kenya, Kenya Law Reform Commission,.". In: African Journal of Business & Management (AJBUMA). AIBUMA Publishing; 1992. Abstract
The decision to pay out earnings or retain dividends has been a subject of debate for many scholars. The effect of dividend on the firm value and cost of capital have been covered in attempt to resolve the dividend puzzle. This research paper tests the applicability of constant dividend model by companies listed at the Nairobi stock exchange. Data was collected from annual reports and share price schedules obtained from Nairobi stock exchange and Capital market Authority for a population of 20 companies that paid dividends consistently from 2002 to 2008. The data was then analyzed by re-computing the dividends that should have been paid if the dividend constant model was applied. This recomputed figure was later compared to the dividend as paid out by the companies thought the years of study. Paired sample t-test statistic was also performed to determine whether there is a significant difference between the two dividend figures. The findings of the research established that the dividend model was not employed by the companies listed at the Nairobi stock exchange. Most firms instead adopted stable and predictable policy where a specific amount of dividend per share each year was paid periodically. In some years there was a slight adjustment of the dividend paid after an increase in earnings, but only by a sustainable amount. The study shows that the relationship between the stock market prices and the dividend paid from the constant dividend model is uneven from one year to another and where there was a relationship it was insignificant. Though a share would be highly priced, a high dividend per share was not always declared.
AKINYI DRDWASIJANE. "Jane A. Dwasi, Regulation of Pesticides in Developing Countries, The Environmental Law Reporter, Volume XXXII, Number 1, January.". In: African Journal of Business & Management (AJBUMA). AIBUMA Publishing; 2002. Abstract
NGALA DRODUORJANEAKINYI. "Jane A. O "The Dholuo syllable Structure" - This paper has been posted in the Eric Data Base (Eric clearing house on languages and linguistics, Washington D.C.).". In: M.Ed theses - Kenyatta University - 1986. Odula P.O.; 1994. Abstract
The gross anatomy of the pulmonary arterial system of the giraffe with comparative data from other Artiodactyla.
AKINYI DRDWASIJANE. "Jane Dwasi and Judy Oglethorpe, HIV/AIDS and Ecoregion Conservation (Island Press.". In: African Journal of Business & Management (AJBUMA). AIBUMA Publishing; 2004. Abstract
N PROFNYAGAP. "Jane N. Maina, P.N. Nyaga (1988): Factors associated with early chick mortality in Broilers in Kenya.". In: Proceedings, Animal Production Society of Kenya, Regional Conference, Panafric Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya. November 1988. au-ibar; 1988. Abstract
"Jane Njenga, Duncan Mbuge, Ayub Gitau, Wambui Kogi-Makau, Maria Sassi Quality Assurance Systems in African Partner Universities within the Energy Agro-Food Synergy Project, NAF International Working Paper Series, NO. 17/02, 2017, http://nafirn.weebly.c.". 2017.
KIOGORA DRMWORIAJOHN, PROF. KINYAMARIO JENESIOI. "Jane T. Munene, J.I. Kinyamario, N. Holst and JK Mworia Competition between cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) and wild rice (Oryza punctata) in Kenya.African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 3 (9), pp. 605-611.". In: African Journal of Midwifery, October 2008 Issue. Intech Open Access Publishers; 2008.
N. PROFKARANJANANCYK. "Jane, J. Kapkiyai, Nancy K. Karanja, Javaid N. Qureshi, Paul C. Smithson and Paul L. Woomer, 1999. Soil organic matter and nutrient dynamics in a Kenyan nitisol under longterm fertilizer and organic input management. Soil Biol. and Biochem. 31, 1773-1782.". In: In Proceedings of the 12th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation, FozdoIguacu, Parana, Brazil, September 12-17, 2000. Nitrogen Fixation: From molecules to crop productivity (eds. F.P. Pedrosa, M. Hungria, M.G. Yates and W.E. Newton), pp. 547.; 1999. Abstract
M PROFBHATTSHRIKANTBABU, M PROFBHATTKIRNA. "January .". In: The African Journal of Hospital Medicine. Vol.17 No. 1 pg.11-13. Vaccine 26:2788- 2795; 2000. Abstract
BACKGROUND: Anthrax is an ancient disease affecting animals and humans. Sporadic cases of anthrax and small epidemics have been seen from time to time in different parts of the world and in Africa. However many clinicians are not very familiar with the various presentations and management of anthrax. It is relevant for the health care workers to re-familiarise themselves with all aspects of anthrax, with the impending threat of bioterrorism. OBJECTIVE: To familiarise healthcare workers on all aspects of anthrax. STUDY SELECTION: To describe epidemiology pathogenesis, clinical features, management and prevention of anthrax including measures to take when weapons grade anthrax is suspected. DATA SYNTHESIS: Three forms of the disease are recognised, cutaneous, inhalational and intestinal. Cutaneous anthrax is the most common form. Inhalation anthrax is the most severe form of anthrax. The treatment of anthrax in most cases is penicillin, however with the threat of bioterrorism, intentional releases of anthrax spores in the environment has caused much concern. Weapons grade anthrax of more virulent strain and resistant to commonly used antibiotics is possible. CONCLUSION: In view of the different clinical presentations and outcomes it is important that health care workers re-familiarise themselves with the disease and in the event of bioterrorism are able to take appropriate measures.
M PROFBHATTSHRIKANTBABU, M PROFBHATTKIRNA. "January .". In: The African Journal of Hospital Medicine. Vol.17 No. 1 pg.11-13. Taylor & Francis; 2000. Abstract
Bloodstream infections are a frequent complication in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults in Africa and usually associated with a poor prognosis. We evaluated bloodstream infections across a decade in 3 prospective cross-sectional surveys of consecutive medical admissions to the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Participants received standard clinical care throughout. In 1988-1989, 29.5% (28 of 95) of HIV-positive patients had bloodstream infections, compared with 31.9% (46 of 144) in 1992 and 21.3% (43 of 197) in 1997. Bacteremia and mycobacteremia were significantly associated with HIV infection. Infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, non-typhi species of Salmonella (NTS), and Streptococcus pneumoniae predominated. Fungemia exclusively due to Cryptococcus neoformans was uncommon. Clinical features at presentation remained similar. Significant improvements in the survival rate were recorded among patients with NTS bacteremia (20%-83%; P<.01) and mycobacteremia (0%-73%; P<.01). Standard clinical management can improve outcomes in resource-poor settings.
Iraki XN. January 2014: Attended a Course on "Competition Policy" hosted by Strathmore Business School and facilitated by Prof. Tom Ross of Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia.; 2014.
O. PROFANZALAAGGREY, W. PROFJAOKOGODFREY. "Jaoko W, Nakwagala FN, Anzala O, Manyonyi GO, Birungi J, Nanvubya A, Bashir F, Bhatt K, Ogutu H, Wakasiaka S, Matu L, Waruingi W, Odada J, Oyaro M, Indangasi J, Ndinya-Achola J, Konde C, Mugisha E, Fast P, Schmidt C, Gilmour J, Tarragona T, Smith C, Barin.". In: Vaccine. 2008 May 23;26(22):2788-95. Epub 2008 Mar 31. John Benjamins Publishing Company; 2008. Abstract
The safety and immunogenicity of plasmid pTHr DNA, modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine candidates were evaluated in four Phase I clinical trials in Kenya and Uganda. Both vaccines, expressing HIV-1 subtype A gag p24/p17 and a string of CD8 T-cell epitopes (HIVA), were generally safe and well-tolerated. At the dosage levels and intervals tested, the percentage of vaccine recipients with HIV-1-specific cell-mediated immune responses, assessed by a validated ex vivo interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) ELISPOT assay and Cytokine Flow Cytometry (CFC), did not significantly differ from placebo recipients. These trials demonstrated the feasibility of conducting high-quality Phase 1 trials in Africa.
O. PROFANZALAAGGREY, W. PROFJAOKOGODFREY. "Jaoko W, Nakwagala FN, Anzala O, Manyonyi GO, Birungi J, Nanvubya A, Bashir F, Bhatt K, Ogutu H, Wakasiaka S, Matu L, Waruingi W, Odada J, Oyaro M, Indangasi J, Ndinya-Achola J, Konde C, Mugisha E, Fast P, Schmidt C, Gilmour J, Tarragona T, Smith C, Barin.". In: Vaccine. 2008 May 23;26(22):2788-95. Epub 2008 Mar 31. AIDS 24(6):891-7; 2008. Abstract
O. PROFNDINYA-ACHOLAJ. "Jaoko W, Nakwagala FN, Anzala O, Manyonyi GO, Birungi J, Nanvubya A, Bashir F, Bhatt K, Ogutu H, Wakasiaka S, Matu L, Waruingi W, Odada J, Oyaro M, Indangasi J, Ndinya-Achola J, Konde C, Mugisha E, Fast P, Schmidt C, Gilmour J, Tarragona T, Smith C, Barin.". In: Vaccine. 2008 May 23;26(22):2788-95. Epub 2008 Mar 31. IBIMA Publishing; 2008. Abstract
MWANGI DRMUCHEMIG. "Jaoko W.G. Muchemi G., Oguya F.O. 1996 Praziquantel side effects during treatment of Schistosoma mansoni infected pupils in Kibwezi, Kenya. East African Medical Journal. 1996 Aug; 73 (8): 499-501.". In: East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal. EAMJ; 1996. Abstract
Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi. Four hundred and thirty six pupils in two primary schools in Kibwezi, Kenya aged between seven and sixteen years and positive for S. mansoni were treated as follows: 320 pupils with a single dose of praziquantel at 40 mg/kg body weight and 116 controls with a placebo. Immediate and delayed side effects of praziquantel were observed. The main side-effects were abdominal pain (36.3%), headache (35.3%) and nausea (13.1%). There was correlation between frequencies of these side-effects and intensity of infection measured as eggs per gram of faeces. Other side-effects included dizziness (9.7%), fever (7.8%), urticaria and bloody diarrhoea. Overall, the side-effects of praziquantel were mild and transient, and did not require any intervention. For ethical reasons, all pupils who served as controls were treated with praziquantel after the study. PMID: 8898462 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
W. PROFJAOKOGODFREY. "Jaoko Walter (Contributing Author) (2005) Kenya National Guidelines for Research and Development of HIV/AIDS Vaccines (2005), Kenya Ministry of Health, Republic of Kenya, Contributing Author.". In: Kenya Ministry of Health, Republic of Kenya, Contributing Author. AIDS 24(6):891-7; 2005. Abstract
The effect of eight half-yearly treatment rounds with diethylcarbamazine (DEC; 6mg/kg bodyweight) on Wuchereria bancrofti-specific circulating filarial antigen (CFA), a marker of adult worm infection, was followed in 79 individuals who were CFA-positive before start of treatment. Half of these were also microfilariae (mf)-positive. Microfilaraemia decreased rapidly after onset of treatment and became undetectable after four treatments. Circulating antigenaemia also decreased progressively, but at a much slower rate. After two, four and eight treatment rounds, the mean CFA intensity was reduced by 81, 94 and 98%, and the prevalence of CFA positivity was 85, 66 and 57%, compared with pre-treatment, respectively. CFA clearance rates were negatively related to pre-treatment CFA intensities, and were higher among pre-treatment mf-negative individuals than among pre-treatment mf-positive individuals. Even among patients who had pre-treatment CFA intensities above the upper measuring level (32000antigen units), and who continued to have intensities above this level after treatment, a decrease in post-treatment CFA intensities was obvious from a continuous decrease in ELISA optical density values. Repeated DEC therapy thus appears to have a slow but profound and persistent macrofilaricidal effect, which in the long run may be beneficial to populations undergoing DEC-based control interventions by reducing the probability of future morbidity development.
W. PROFJAOKOGODFREY. "Jaoko WG (1993) Detection of circulating immune complex associated parasite antigen in human loiasis: A new approach to diagnosis. Masters in Tropical Medicine Thesis, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool.". In: Masters in Tropical Medicine Thesis, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool. AIDS 24(6):891-7; 1993. Abstract
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK. Previous attempts to determine the interactions between filariasis transmission intensity, infection and chronic disease have been limited by a lack of a theoretical framework that allows the explicit examination of mechanisms that may link these variables at the community level. Here, we show how deterministic mathematical models, in conjunction with analyses of standardized field data from communities with varying parasite transmission intensities, can provide a particularly powerful framework for investigating this topic. These models were based on adult worm population dynamics, worm initiated chronic disease and two major forms of acquired immunity (larval- versus adult-worm generated) explicitly linked to community transmission intensity as measured by the Annual Transmission Potential (ATP). They were then fitted to data from low, moderate and moderately high transmission communities from East Africa to determine the mechanistic relationships between transmission, infection and observed filarial morbidity. The results indicate a profound effect of transmission intensity on patent infection and chronic disease, and on the generation and impact of immunity on these variables. For infection, the analysis indicates that in areas of higher parasite transmission, community-specific microfilarial rates may increase proportionately with transmission intensity until moderated by the generation of herd immunity. This supports recent suggestions that acquired immunity in filariasis is transmission driven and may be significant only in areas of high transmission. In East Africa, this transmission threshold is likely to be higher than an ATP of at least 100. A new finding from the analysis of the disease data is that per capita worm pathogenicity could increase with transmission intensity such that the prevalences of both hydrocele and lymphoedema, even without immunopathological involvement, may increase disproportionately with transmission intensity. For lymphoedema, this rise may be further accelerated with the onset of immunopathology. An intriguing finding is that there may be at least two types of immunity operating in filariasis: one implicated in anti-infection immunity and generated by past experience of adult worms, the other involved in immune-mediated pathology and based on cumulative experience of infective larvae. If confirmed, these findings have important implications for the new global initiative to achieve control of this disease.
W. PROFJAOKOGODFREY. "Jaoko WG (1995) Loa loa antigen detection by ELISA: A new approach to diagnosis. East African Medical Journal 72(3): 176-9.". In: East African Medical Journal 72(3): 176-9. AIDS 24(6):891-7; 1995. Abstract
W. PROFJAOKOGODFREY. "Jaoko WG (2001) Studies on the immunoepidemiology of bancroftian filariasis in East Africa. PhD thesis, University of Nairobi.". In: PhD thesis, University of Nairobi. AIDS 24(6):891-7; 2001. Abstract
W. PROFJAOKOGODFREY. "Jaoko WG, Lund M, Michael E & Simonsen PE (2001) A simple and quick method for enhanced detection of specific IgE in serum from lymphatic filariasis patients. Acta Tropica 80, 51-57.". In: Acta Tropica 80, 51-57. AIDS 24(6):891-7; 2001. Abstract
MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. The IFN-y enzyme-linked immunospot (ELI-Spot) assay is often used to map HIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses. We compared overlapping 15-mer pools with optimized CD8 epitopes to screen ELISpot responses in HIV-infected individuals. The 15-mer pools detected responses to previously undefined epitopes, but often missed low-level responses to predefined epitopes, particularly when the epitope was central in the 15-mer, rather than at the N-terminus or C-terminus. These factors should be considered in the monitoring of HIV vaccine trials.
B. PROFESTAMBALEBENSON. "Jaoko WG, Michael E, Meyrowitsch DW, Estambale BB, Malecela MN, Simonsen PE.Immunoepidemiology of Wuchereria bancrofti infection: parasite transmission intensity, filaria-specific antibodies, and host immunity in two East African communities. Infect Immun.". In: Infect Immun. 2007 Dec;75(12):5651-62. Epub 2007 Oct 1. Taylor & Francis; 2007. Abstract
We compared the age profiles of infection and specific antibody intensities in two communities with different transmission levels in East Africa to examine the contribution of humoral responses to human immunity to the vector-borne helminth Wuchereria bancrofti. The worm intensities were higher and exhibited a nonlinear age pattern in a high-transmission community, Masaika, in contrast to the low but linearly increasing age infection profile observed for a low-transmission community, Kingwede. The mean levels of specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2, IgG4, and IgE were also higher in Masaika, but intriguingly, the IgG3 response was higher in Kingwede. The age-antibody patterns differed in the two communities but in a manner apparently contrary to a role in acquired immunity when the data were assessed using simple correlation methods. By contrast, multivariate analyses showed that the antibody response to infection may be classified into three types and that two of these types, a IgG3-type response and a response measuring a trade-off in host production of IgG4 and IgG3 versus production of IgG1, IgG2, and IgE, had a negative effect on Wuchereria circulating antigen levels in a manner that supported a role for these responses in the generation of acquired immunity to infection. Mathematical modeling supported the conclusions drawn from empirical data analyses that variations in both transmission and worm intensity can explain community differences in the age profiles and impacts of these antibody response types. This study showed that parasite-specific antibody responses may be associated with the generation of acquired immunity to human filarial infection but in a form which is dependent on worm transmission intensity and interactions between immune components.
W. PROFJAOKOGODFREY. "Jaoko WG, Michael E, Meyrowitsch DW, Estambale BB, Malecela MN, Simonsen PE.Immunoepidemiology of Wuchereria bancrofti infection: parasite transmission intensity, filaria-specific antibodies, and host immunity in two East African communities.Infect Immun.". In: Infect Immun. 2007 Dec;75(12):5651-62. Epub 2007 Oct 1. AIDS 24(6):891-7; 2007. Abstract
W. PROFJAOKOGODFREY. "Jaoko WG, Muchemi G & Oguya FO (1996) Praziquantel side-effects during treatment of Schistosoma mansoni infected pupils in Kibwezi, Kenya. East African Medical Journal 73(8):499-501.". In: East African Medical Journal 73(8):499-501. AIDS 24(6):891-7; 1996. Abstract
W. PROFJAOKOGODFREY. "Jaoko WG, Muchemi G & Oguya FO (1996) Praziquantel side-effects during treatment of Schistosoma mansoni infected pupils in Kibwezi, Kenya. East African Medical Journal 73, 499-501.". In: East African Medical Journal 73, 499-501. AIDS 24(6):891-7; 1996. Abstract
W. PROFJAOKOGODFREY. "Jaoko WG, Ogutu H, Wakasiaka H, Malogo R, Ndambuki R, Nyange J, Omosa-Manyonyi G, Fast P, Schmidt C, Verlinde C, Smith C, Bhatt K, Ndinya-Achola J and Anzala O (2009) Pregnancy rates among female participants in Phase I and Phase IIA AIDS vaccine clinical.". In: UoN research meeting. East African Medical Journal 86(9):430-4; 2009. Abstract
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W. PROFJAOKOGODFREY. "Jaoko WG, Ogutu H, Wakasiaka H, Malogo R, Ndambuki R, Nyange J, Omosa-Manyonyi G, Fast P, Schmidt C, Verlinde C, Smith C, Bhatt K, Ndinya-Achola J and Anzala O (2009) Pregnancy rates among female participants in Phase I and Phase IIA AIDS vaccine clinical.". In: Beverage among the Abagusii of Western Kenya. East African Medical Journal 86(9):430-4; 2009. Abstract
Ninety seven patients were examined for dental caries using two standard methods: (a) clinical examination based on WHO Basic Methods Oral Health surveys and (b) radiographic examination. Clinical examination method under records caries by upto 40%. Such under recording may give an impression of a decreasing caries prevalence in epidemiological studies.
B. PROFESTAMBALEBENSON. "Jaoko WG, Simonsen PE, Meyrowitsch DW, Estambale BB, Malecela-Lazaro MN, Michael E.Filarial-specific antibody response in East African bancroftian filariasis: effects of host infection, clinical disease, and filarial endemicity.Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Jul.". In: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Jul;75(1):97-107. Taylor & Francis; 2006. Abstract
The effect of host infection, chronic clinical disease, and transmission intensity on the patterns of specific antibody responses in Bancroftian filariasis was assessed by analyzing specific IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and IgE profiles among adults from two communities with high and low Wuchereria bancrofti endemicity. In the high endemicity community, intensities of the measured antibodies were significantly associated with infection status. IgG1, IgG2, and IgE were negatively associated with microfilaria (MF) status, IgG3 was negatively associated with circulating filarial antigen (CFA) status, and IgG4 was positively associated with CFA status. None of the associations were significantly influenced by chronic lymphatic disease status. In contrast, IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 responses were less vigorous in the low endemicity community and, except for IgG4, did not show any significant associations with MF or CFA status. The IgG3 responses were considerably more vigorous in the low endemicity community than in the high endemicity one. Only IgG4 responses exhibited a rather similar pattern in the two communities, being significantly positively associated with CFA status in both communities. The IgG4:IgE ratios were higher in infection-positive individuals than in infection-negative ones, and higher in the high endemicity community than in the low endemicity one. Overall, these results indicate that specific antibody responses in Bancroftian filariasis are more related to infection status than to chronic lymphatic disease status. They also suggest that community transmissi
W. PROFJAOKOGODFREY. "Jaoko WG, Simonsen PE, Meyrowitsch DW, Estambale BB, Malecela-Lazaro MN, Michael E.Filarial-specific antibody response in East African bancroftian filariasis: effects of host infection, clinical disease, and filarial endemicity.Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Jul.". In: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Jul;75(1):97-107. AIDS 24(6):891-7; 2006. Abstract
The effect of host infection, chronic clinical disease, and transmission intensity on the patterns of specific antibody responses in Bancroftian filariasis was assessed by analyzing specific IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and IgE profiles among adults from two communities with high and low Wuchereria bancrofti endemicity. In the high endemicity community, intensities of the measured antibodies were significantly associated with infection status. IgG1, IgG2, and IgE were negatively associated with microfilaria (MF) status, IgG3 was negatively associated with circulating filarial antigen (CFA) status, and IgG4 was positively associated with CFA status. None of the associations were significantly influenced by chronic lymphatic disease status. In contrast, IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 responses were less vigorous in the low endemicity community and, except for IgG4, did not show any significant associations with MF or CFA status. The IgG3 responses were considerably more vigorous in the low endemicity community than in the high endemicity one. Only IgG4 responses exhibited a rather similar pattern in the two communities, being significantly positively associated with CFA status in both communities. The IgG4:IgE ratios were higher in infection-positive individuals than in infection-negative ones, and higher in the high endemicity community than in the low endemicity one. Overall, these results indicate that specific antibody responses in Bancroftian filariasis are more related to infection status than to chronic lymphatic disease status. They also suggest that community transmission intensity play a dominant but subtle role in shaping the observed response patterns.
W. PROFJAOKOGODFREY. "Jaoko WG, Simonsen PE, Meyrowitsch DW, Pedersen EM, Rwegoshora RT & Michael E (2001) Wuchereria bancrofti in a community with seasonal transmission: stability of microfilaraemia, antigenaemia and filarial-specific antibody levels. Annals of Topical Medici.". In: Annals of Topical Medicine and Parasitology 3, 253-261. AIDS 24(6):891-7; 2001. Abstract
W. PROFJAOKOGODFREY. "Jaoko WG, Simonsen PE, Meyrowitsch DW, Pedersen EM, Rwegoshora RT & Michael E (2001) Wuchereria bancrofti in a community with seasonal transmission: stability of microfilaraemia, antigenaemia and filarial-specific antibody levels. Annals of Tropical Medic.". In: Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 95(3): 253-61. AIDS 24(6):891-7; 2001. Abstract
M DRNJOROGEERNEST. "Japhet Magambo, Ernest Njoroge, Eberhard Zeyhle (2006) Epidemiology and Control of Echinococcosis in Sub-Saharan Africa.". In: Parasitology International, 55: S193 . African Wildlife Foundation. Nairobi; 2006. Abstract
Biodiversity offers multiple opportunities for development and improving human well-being. It is the basis for essential environmental services upon which life on Earth depends. Thus, its conservation and sustainable use are of critical importance. The opportunities and challenges associated with biodiversity typically apply over large geographical extents, although one or two issues may be more important at any given location. To avoid repetition, particular issues are highlighted in the sub-regional sections, not because they are restricted to those areas, but because they are best illustrated there. Deforestation is discussed under Central Africa, while relations between protected areas and adjacent populations are dealt with under Eastern Africa. Riparian biodiversity is discussed in Northern Africa, climate change and invasive alien species (IAS) in Southern Africa, desertification in Western Africa, and endemism in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) islands. Habitat degradation and resource overexploitation are discussed in this regional synthesis, because they are overwhelmingly important as drivers of biodiversity loss throughout Africa.
"Jared Mecha Jared Mecha Assessment of pulmonary function in rheumatoid arthritis patients attending Rheumatology Clinics in Nairobi." African Journal of Rheumatology. 2013;1. AbstractWebsite
Background: Pulmonary involvement is a frequent and among the most severe extra-articular manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) ranking as the second cause of mortality in this patient population. Rheumatoid arthritis can a ect the lung parenchyma, airways and pleura. Pulmonary complications are directly responsible for 10-20% of all mortality in RA patients. Spirometry is becoming increasingly available in Kenya and could be used in peripheral areas to screen and monitor for pulmonary function abnormalities in well characterized patient populations such as those with RA. Abnormalities detected by pulmonary function tests may precede symptoms by years and lead to early diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis in rheumatoid arthritis and
hence intervention.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of pulmonary function abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis patients attending Rheumatology Clinics in Nairobi.
Design: Cross sectional descriptive study.
Setting: Nairobi Rheumatology Clinics in Kenyatta National Hospital, Aga Khan University Hospital and Mater Hospital. Methods: Rheumatoid arthritis patients aged 13 to 65 years who fulfilled the study inclusion criteria were recruited. Sociodemographic characterictics and respiratory symptoms were assessed using Lung Tissue Research Consortium questionnaire (LTRC) and RA disease activity was established by Disease Activity Score (DAS28). Pulmonary function tests were then done using Spirolab 111 according to the American Thoracic Society recommendations.
Results: One hundred and sixty six RA patients were recruited; the male to female ratio was 1:9.3, with a median age of 47 years. The overall six month prevalence of pulmonary function abnormalities was 38.5% as measured by Spirometry and all our patients did not carry any prior pulmonary disease diagnosis. The predominant ventilatory defect was obstructive pattern at 20.4%, followed by restrictive pattern at 16.8% and least common being a mixed picture at 1.2%. Factors that were shown
to be independently associated with pulmonary function abnormalities were age and RA disease activity. Respiratory
symptoms that were predictive of PFTs abnormalities were cough, increased frequency of chest colds and illnesses
and phlegm.
Conclusion: High prevalence of pulmonary function abnormalities was observed. Respiratory symptoms, older age and ongoing disease activity can identify patients in greatest need of further pulmonary evaluation.
Key words : Rheumatoid Arthritis, Pulmonary function test, Nairobi Rheumatology Clinics
O PROFMIDIWOJACOB. "Jarvis, B.B. Vrudhula, V.M., Midiwo, J.O., Mazzola, E.P. New Trichoverrins from Myrothecium verrucaria: verrol and 12, 13-Deoxytrichodermadiene, J. Org Chem 1983, 48 276.". In: J. Org Chem 1983, 48 276.; 1983. Abstract
O PROFMIDIWOJACOB. "Jarvis, B.B., Midiwo, J.O., Desilva, T., Modification of Flash Chromatography, Aldrichimica Acta, 1981, 1, 2.". In: Aldrichimica Acta, 1981, 1, 2.; 1981. Abstract
O PROFMIDIWOJACOB. "Jarvis, B.B., Midiwo, J.O., Flippen-Andersen, T.L., Mazzola, P.E. Stereochemistry of the Roridins, J. Nat. Prod. 45, 1982, 440.". In: J. Nat. Prod. 45, 1982, 440.; 1982. Abstract
O PROFMIDIWOJACOB. "Jarvis, B.B., Midiwo, J.O., Maodi, G., 12, 13-Deoxytrichoverrins A and B: Novel Trichoverroids. J. Nat. Prod., (1989) 52 (3), 663.". In: J. Nat. Prod.; 1989. Abstract
O PROFMIDIWOJACOB. "Jarvis, B.B., Midiwo, J.O., Mazzola, E.P. Anti-leukemic compounds Derived by chemical Modification of Macrocyclic Trichothecenes. Derivatives of Roridins A and H and Verrucarins A and J., J. Med. Chem (1984) 27 239.". In: J. Med. Chem.; 1984. Abstract
O PROFMIDIWOJACOB. "Jarvis, B.B., Midiwo, J.O., Tutthill, D., Bean, G.A. Interaction Between the Antibiotic Trichothecenes and the Higher Plant, Baccaharis megapotomica, Science 1981, 460.". In: Baccaharis megapotomica, Science 1981, 460.; 1981. Abstract
O PROFMIDIWOJACOB. "Jarvis, B.B., Midiwo, J.O.,,, Bean, G.A., Aboul-Nasr, M.B., Barros, C.S. The Mystery of Trichothecene Antibiotics in Baccharis species J. Nat. Prod. (1988) 51, 736.". In: J. Nat. Prod.; 1988. Abstract
O PROFMIDIWOJACOB. "Jarvis, B.B., Midiwo, J.O.,,, Desilva, T., Mazzola, E.P., Verrucarin, L. A new Macrocyclic Trichothecene, J. Antibiotics, 1981, 120.". In: J. Antibiotics, 1981, 120.; 1981. Abstract
O PROFMIDIWOJACOB. "Jarvis, B.B., Midiwo, J.O.,,, Stahly, G.P., Pavanasasivam, G., Mazzola, E.P., Trichodermadiene. A New Trichothecene, Tetrahedron Lett. 1980, 787.". In: Tetrahedron Lett. 1980, 787.; 1980. Abstract
O PROFMIDIWOJACOB. "Jarvis, B.B., Nicholas, P.E. Midiwo, J.O.,, Thermolysis of a-Azido Sulfides, Sulfoxides and Sufones: Dependence of Mechanism on Oxidation State of Sulfur, J. Am. Chem Soc. 1981, 3878.". In: J. Am. Chem Soc. 1981, 3878.; 1981. Abstract
O PROFMIDIWOJACOB. "Jarvis, B.B., Stahly, G.P., Midiwo, J.O.,,, Pavanasasivam, G., Desilva, T., Holmlund, C.E. Mazzola, E.P., Geoghegan, R.F Isolation and Characterization of the Trichoverroids and New Roridins and Verrucarins, J. Org. Chem 1982, 47 1117.". In: J. Org. Chem 1982, 47 1117.; 1982. Abstract
Midiwo JO, Clough JM. Jatropha Biodiesel as an Alternative Transport Fuel in Zimbabwe.; 2009.Jatropha Biodiesel as an Alternative Transport Fuel in Zimbabwe
Kimilu RK. Jatropha Biodiesel: Properties and Performance. Sunnyvale, CA: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing; 2013.
Mukungu N.A., C.K M, Sinei K.A, Mutai, E.B.K., Ongarora D.S.B, E.W. K. "Jatropha Curcas Poisoning in Children in Western Kenya – A Case Report. ." East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences . 2015;18 :32-34.
Mukungu N, Maitai C, Sinei K, Mutai P, Ongarora D, Karumi E. "Jatropha curcas Poisoning in Children in Western Kenya- A Case Report." East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2015;18:32-34.
Mukungu NA, Maitai CK, Sinei KA, Mutai PC, Ongarora DSB, Karumi EW. "Jatropha curcas poisoning in children in Western Kenya- A case report." J. Pharm. Sci. . 2015;18(2015):32-34.
NA M, CK M, KA S, PC M, DSB O, EW K. ""Jatropha curcas poisoning in children in Western Kenya- A case report." ." J. Pharm. Sci. . 2015;18(2015):32-34.
KIRTDA DRACHARYAS. "Javvaji S, Kumar A, Madan K, Garg PK, Acharya SK.Management of gastric variceal bleeding.Trop Gastroenterol. 2007 Apr-Jun;28(2):51-7.". In: Trop Gastroenterol. 2007 Apr-Jun;28(2):51-7. The Icfai University Journal of Architecture, Vol. II No.1, February 2010; 2007. Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to assess the value of clinical symptomatology, abdominal ultrasound (US), triple-phase CT (TPCT) and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) estimation in predicting presence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among patients with cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, Child's A/B cirrhosis patients were subjected to clinical evaluation, US, TPCT and serum AFP estimation. Sensitivity and specificity of clinical symptoms and of AFP at different cut-off levels were determined. Detection rate of HCC and agreement between US and TPCT was estimated. RESULTS: A high proportion of enrolled subjects had HCC at first presentation (40.7%). Significantly higher prevalence of abdominal pain, weight loss, and anorexia was seen in patients with cirrhosis with HCC compared to those without HCC. Sensitivity and specificity of any of these symptoms was 73 and 79%, respectively (positive and negative predictive values of 65 and 85%, respectively). A 100% agreement between TPCT and US was observed for diagnosing HCC cases. However, TPCT detected a greater number of smaller HCCs. Sensitivity of AFP at 400 ng/ml cut-off was only 25.7%, too low to be useful. Best mix of sensitivity (77.2%) and specificity (78.1%) of AFP was found to be at 10.7 ng/ml cut-off which falls within the conventional limits of normalcy. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the importance of symptomatology of weight loss, abdominal pain or anorexia as markers for HCC in patients with cirrhosis. AFP was not found to be a useful screening test. TPCT should be undertaken in all cirrhotics presenting to the hospital for the first time. Copyright 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.
M. DRKILELUEDWARDS. "JB Nyamwange S. Nyamwange E.S.Kilelu 1989 canine urolithiasis in a German shepherd dog makerere Veterinary Journal Kampala. Vol. 17 no 9 P 37 .". In: World Veterinary Congress/ xxv World Veterinary Association 1997. EAMJ; 1989. Abstract
Psychiatric morbidity among 200 medical in-patients at Kenyatta National Hospital was determined by a two-stage screening procedure, using the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) and standardized psychiatric interview (SPI). 44 (22%) of the total sample of 200 patients who were interviewed met the pre-established criteria for psychiatric morbidity; of these 59% comprised affective disorders. 4 (9%) of the psychiatric morbidity cases were referred for psychiatric evaluation. Referral seemed to be related to severity of illness and a previous history of psychiatric illness. There was no evidence in the notes that the psychiatric problems had been detected, treated or dealt with in any other way by the medical team in 34 patients out of 44 with psychiatric morbidity. Increase in the mental health input in the training of all health workers with emphasis on recognition and management of some of the commoner psychological problems is recommended.
Rodriguez JC, Onyambu CK, Aywak AA. "JC, R, CK O, AA A. 2014. A Rare Case of Crossed Renal Ectopia without Fusion. East and Central African Journal of Surgery. 19(3):112-115.AJO." East and Central African Journal of Surgery. 2014;19(3):112-115.
Mukhwana, A. IS&OM(eds). "Je, Sheng' niLahaja ya Kiswahili?". In: Miaka Hamsini ya Kiswahili nchini Kenya. Twaweza Communications Ltd; 2014.
MARY MWIANDI. THE JEANES SCHOOL IN KENYA: THE ROLE OF THE JEANES TEACHERS AND THEIR WIVES IN "SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION" OF RURAL COLONIAL KENYA, 1925-1961. East Lansing - USA: Michigan State University; 2005.the_jeanes_school_in_kenya.pdf
JEFWA DRMWERIGEORGE. "Jefwa G. Mweri et al. Sign Language Interpreter Training in Kenya. In Jemina Napier (Ed). International Perspectives on Sign Language Interpreter Education. Washington, DC. Gallaudet University Press.". In: International Perspectives on Sign Language Interpreter Education. Gallaudet University Press; 2009. Abstract
The history of interpratation is as old as the deaf culture itself. wherever daef people have been, intepratation has always been there. deaf people, of course, do not live in isolation. they live amid thier brothers and sisiters and other relatives. According to the Kenya campaign on disability and HIV and AIDS advocacy, propoasl 2008, approximately 3.5 people in Kenya are currently living with disabilities. This translates to an approximately 800.000 deaf people out of the population of about 35million people in Kenya. This population makes, or will make use of interpratation in settings such as courts of law, police stations, and so forth. interpreters act as a bridge between hearing and deaf people inn terms of communication. This chapter gives an overview of the situation of kenyan sign Language(KSL) interpratation in Kenya by giving a historical perspective, the role of Kenya National Association of the Deaf (KNAD), Kenya Sign Language Research project (KSLRP) and the role of other institutions including the Kenya Sign Language Interpreters Association (KSLIA) in interprter training and concludes by giving recommendations in the way forward.
JEFWA DRMWERIGEORGE. "Jefwa, G. J. (2009) Structural borrowing: The case of Kenyan sign Language (KSL) and Kiswahili Contact Signing. In Fredrick Kang.". In: Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) pp. 160-174. USIU press; 2009.
S PROFKIGONDUCHRISTINE. "Jeldesa, G.W., Qureshi, Z.P., Sekadde-Kigondu, C.B., Factors Enhansing the Practice of Female Genital Mutilation among Kenyan Somalis. J. Obstet.Gynaecol.E. and Centr. Afr. 14: 110, 1998.". In: J. Obstet.Gynaecol.E. and Centr. Afr. 14: 110, 1998. uon press; 1998. Abstract
Aga Khan Hospital, Nairobi. Forty females, age 14 to 35 years (mean 28.6 years) with chronic renal failure (CRF) were included in the study. Their menstrual patterns were noted. The function of their hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis was assessed by the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinising hormone (LH), prolactin (PrL), estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) at different phases of the menstrual cycle in patients who continued to have normal menses (Group 1) and at weekly intervals for six weeks in patients with menstrual disturbances (Group II). The mean hormone levels during the initial contact Luteal phase in group I were FSH 12.0 IU/L (N, 1.0-3.0 IU/L), LH 1.8IU/L (N 1.5-101U/L), PrL 652mIU/L (N, 100-600 mIU/L) mE2 160 pmol/L (N 400-1400 pmol/L) and P5 nmol/L (N 14-60 nmol/L) for group I. Corresponding values for group II were 1.2, 10.3, 250, 600 and 3.0 in relevant units. All patients (fourteen) with end stage renal disease (ESRD) had amenorrhoae. On the other hand, most patients with stable CRF (22/26) had normal menses. Following initiation of therapy (conservative or dialytic), there was no significant alteration in the hormonal profile or menstrual pattern. We conclude that other factors apart from the hormonal imbalances, may be responsible for the menstrual disturbances noted in patients with CRF.
S PROFKIGONDUCHRISTINE. "Jeldesa, G.W., Qureshi, Z.P., Sekadde-Kigondu, C.B.,Wanjala, S.M.H., Maternal Mortality in Garissa Provincial Hospital. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. E. and Centre. Afr. 14: 68, 1998.". In: J. Obstet. Gynaecol. E. and Centre. Afr. 14: 68, 1998. uon press; 1998. Abstract
OLE PROFMALOIYGEOFFREYM. "JENKINSON, D.M. and MALOIY G.M.O.(1969) The distribution of nerves, monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase in the skin of the red deer (Cervus elaphus). Research in Veterinary Science 10, 448-252.". In: Proceedings of the 7th Pan-African Ornithological Congress, p. 17. EAMJ; 1969. Abstract
Serum acid phosphatase was measured in patients with enlarged benign and malignant prostate before and after rectal examination. Amongst the patients with benign glands, rectal examination did not produce any significant false elevation of the enzyme. Rectal examination, however, caused a rise in the enzyme level in a few untreated cancer patients and in cancer patients who has become refractory to hormonal therapy. This rise would help rather than mislead in the diagnosis of malignant prostate and also in the identifying treated patients who had become refractory to treatment. Thus, when serum acid phosphatase is properly determined, elevated levels should always arouse suspicion of malignant prostate or other lesions associated with high enzyme level even is such determination was preceded by rectal examination. There appears to be no merit in the teaching that the determination of serum acid phosphatase should be delayed after rectal examination.
Lilian J. Jeptoo L_Participation of Students in Improving Strategic Planning and Performance for Academic Libraries in Kenya- Case of University of Nairobi Law Libraries. Nairobi: University of Nairobi ; 2020.
jeptoo_l_participation_of_students_in_improving_strategic_planning_and_performance_for_academic_libraries_in_kenya-_case_of_university_of_nairobi_law_libraries.pdf
Muriuki W. "Jérôme Ducor's "Shinran: Un Réformateur Bouddhiste dans le Japon Médiéval" and "Terre Pure, Zen et Autorité: La Dispute de l'ère Jôô et la Réfutation du Mémorandum sur des Contradictions de la Foi par Ryônyo du Honganji." The Eastern Buddhist. 2009;40.
DR. LUKHOBA CATHERINEW. "Jeruto, P.,Lukhoba, C., Ouma, G., Otieno, D. and Mutai. C., 2008. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Nandi people in Kenya. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 116 (2) 370-376.". In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 116 (2) 370-376.; 2008. Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance
The study of local knowledge about natural resources is becoming increasingly important in defining strategies and actions for conservation or recuperation of residual forests.
Aims of the study
This study therefore sought to collect information from local populations concerning the use of Nandi Forest medicinal plants; verify the sources of medicinal plants used and determine the relative importance of the species surveyed.
Data was obtained using semi-structured forms to record the interviewee's personal information and topics related to the medicinal use of specific plants. A total of 40 medicinal plants used locally for the treatment and/or control of human ailments were collected through interviews conducted with selected traditional doctors and professional healers.
This study demonstrated that local people tend to agree with each other in terms of the plants use and that leaf material form the major component of plant parts exploited. The other harvested materials consist of stem bark, the roots and the whole plant, though at a lower intensity for making liquid concoctions from different plants. Majority of the remedies were prepared from a single species. In most cases, the mode of administration was oral. In the forest, some of the plants collected were scarce. This scarcity was attributed to indiscriminate logging, overexploitation, poor harvesting methods and current agricultural trends.
Conservation procedures and creation of awareness were identified as the main remedies to the current situation.
Keywords: Ethnobotany; Kenya medicinal plants; Nandi people
S. PROFMBINDYOBENJAMIN. "Jeshirani, M.K., Bencivenga, A., Mbindyo, B.S., Heda, P.K., Gakuu, L.N. The management of post-traumatic limb length discrepancies Proc. Ass. of Surgeons of E.A. pp 181-186 vol 5 1982.". In: Ass. of Surgeons of E.A. pp 181-186 vol 5 1982. University of Nairobi.; 1982. Abstract
Kenya is a country of marked environmental and ethnic diversity. A study of osteogenic sarcoma occurring in Kenya from 1968 to 1978 revealed 251 cases, representing between 89% and 100% of the predicted number. Variations in age, sex and anatomical location were within classical limits. However, the incidence of osteogenic sarcoma amongst the Central Bantu was significantly higher than predicted (P less than 0.0001), whilst the incidence among the Western Bantu was significantly lower (P less than 0.002), despite their similar ethnic origins. Two geographically dissimilar areas likewise exhibited significant differences in incidence. The Eastern province showed a higher incidence (P less than 0.02), whereas the Nyanza Province (P less than 0.001) and the adjacent Western Province (P less than 0.005) showed a lower than predicted incidence. These observations suggest that in Kenya a geomedical variable affects the incidence of osteogenic sarcoma and that genetic variation has no effect on incidence.
S. PROFMBINDYOBENJAMIN. "Jeshirani, M.K., Bencivenga, A., Mbindyo, B.S., Heda, P.M., Gakuu, L.N.Non-union of Humerus: The consequences of unstable intramedullary nailingProc. Ass. of Surgeons of E.A. pp 171-175 vol. 6 1982.". In: Ass. of Surgeons of E.A. pp 171-175 vol. 6 1982. University of Nairobi.; 1982. Abstract
G PROFGATEIDAVID, G PROFGATEIDAVID. "Jeshrani MK, Gatei DG, Onyango JN. A case of multifocal eosinophilic granuloma. East Afr Med J. 1977 Aug;54(8):455-9.". In: East Afr Med J. 1977 Aug;54(8):455-9. RIVERBRROKS COMMUNICATIONS; 1977. Abstract
PMID: 614126 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
G PROFGATEIDAVID. "Jeshrani MK, Gatei DG. Unusual presentation of hepatoma. East Afr Med J. 1975 Nov;52(11):605-10. No abstract available.". In: East Afr Med J. 1975 Nov;52(11):605-10. RIVERBRROKS COMMUNICATIONS; 1975. Abstract
O. PROFNDINYA-ACHOLAJ. "Jessamine PG, Plummer FA, Ndinya-Achola JO, Wainberg MA, Wamola I, D'Costa LJ, Cameron DW, Simonsen NJ, Plourde P, Ronald AR. Human immunodeficiency virus, genital ulcers and the male foreskin synergism in HIV 1 transmission. Scand. J. Infect Dis. 69(supp.". In: J. Infect Dis. 69(suppl.):181 - 186, 1990. IBIMA Publishing; 1990. Abstract
OBJECTIVE–To determine the efficacy of the nonoxynol 9 contraceptive sponge in preventing sexual acquisition of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN–Prospective, randomized placebo-controlled trial. SETTING–Research clinic for prostitutes in Nairobi, Kenya. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS–One hundred thirty-eight HIV-seronegative women were enrolled, of whom 74 were assigned to nonoxynol 9 sponge use and 64 to placebo use. These two groups did not significantly differ with respect to demographic characteristics, sexual practices, or prevalence of genital infections at enrollment, except for a lower number of sex partners per week and a higher initial prevalence of genital ulcers among women assigned to nonoxynol 9 sponge use. Among the 116 women who returned for follow-up, the mean durations of follow-up were 14 and 17 months for the two groups, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE–HIV seroconversion. RESULTS–Nonoxynol 9 sponge use was associated with an increased frequency of genital ulcers (relative risk [RR], 3.3; P less than .0001) and vulvitis (RR, 3.3; P less than .0001) and a reduced risk of gonococcal cervicitis (RR, 0.4; P less than .0001). Twenty-seven (45%) of 60 women in the nonoxynol 9 sponge group and 20 (36%) of 56 women in the placebo group developed HIV antibodies. The hazard ratio for the association between nonoxynol 9 sponge use and HIV seroconversion was 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9 to 3.0). Using multivariate analysis to control for the presence of genital ulcers at enrollment, the adjusted hazard ratio for the association between nonoxynol 9 sponge use and seroconversion was 1.6 (95% CI, 0.8 to 2.8). CONCLUSIONS–Genital ulcers and vulvitis occurred with increased frequency in nonoxynol 9 sponge users. We were unable to demonstrate that nonoxynol 9 sponge use was effective in reducing the risk of HIV infection among highly exposed women.
KANYUA PROFMUGAMBIJESSENDWIGA. "Jesse Mugambi and N. Kirima, The African Religious Heritage, Nairobi Oxford University Press.".; 1976. Abstract
Introduction to Philosophy of Religion, University of Nairobi, 1988
KANYUA PROFMUGAMBIJESSENDWIGA. "Jesse Mugambi, J. Mutiso-Mbinda and J. Vollbrecht, Ecumenical Initiatives in Eastern Africa, Nairobi: AACC/AMECEA, 188 pp.".; 1982. Abstract
N. DRWACHEGEPATRICK. "Jesus Christ our "Muthamaki" (Ideal Elder): An African Christological Study based On the Agikuyu Understanding of Elders, Nairobi Phoenix Publishers, 1992 (271 pp).". In: Published by the Polytechnic of Berlin, Berlin. Heinrich Boll Foundation.; 1992.phd_thesis.pdf
N. DRWACHEGEPATRICK. "Jesus Christ Our "Muthamaki" (Ideal Elder): An African Christological Study based On the Agikuyu Understanding of Elders, Nairobi Phoenix Publishers, 1992.". In: Published by the Polytechnic of Berlin, Berlin. Heinrich Boll Foundation.; 1992.
Wachege PN. Jesus Christ Our Mũthamaki (Ideal Elder); A Christological Study Based Upon The Agĩkũyũ Understanding of Elder.. Nairobi: CUEA University; 1990.p.n.wachegesphd.pdf
N. WACHEGEPATRICK. Jesus Christ Our Mũthamaki (Ideal Elder); A Christological Study Based Upon The Agikuyu Understanding of Elders. NAIROBI: CUEA (Catholic University of Eastern Africa); 1990.p.n._wacheges_phd.pdf
Mugambi JNK, Magesa L. Jesus in African Christianity: experimentation and diversity in African Christology.; 1989.Website
OLE PROFMALOIYGEOFFREYM. "JEWELL, P.A. and MALOIY, G.M.O. (eds.) (1989) The Biology of Large African Mammals in their Environment. Oxford University Press, Oxford, XVII + 304 pp.". In: Annual Conference Society for integrative and Comparative Biology New Orleans Louisiana U.S.A. EAMJ; 1989. Abstract
Aly S, Ogot M, Pelz R, Siclari M. "Jig-shape static aeroelastic wing design problem: a decoupled approach." Journal of aircraft. 2002;39:1061-1066. Abstract
THE design of modern, high-speed performance aerospace vehicles is characterized by
unprecedented levels of multidisciplinary interactions of a number of technical disciplines
such as structures, aerodynamics, controls engineering, and manufacturing. These
disciplines, among others, can impose considerable constraints on the dynamic stability and
controls performance margins required for ight safety. One of the many phenomenathat
exists in complex aircraft design is aeroelasticity: the study of the mutual interaction among …
"Jimmy, M.L., F. Nzuve, O. Flourence, E. Manyasa, J. Muthomi. 2017. Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and trait correlations in selected sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) varieties. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural .". 2017.
R. T. "Jinamizi la Malezi.". In: Fimbo ya Mbali na Hadithi Nyingine. Nairobi: Focus Publishers 2015; 2015.
R T. "Jinamizi la Malezi.". In: Utashi wa Dola na Hadithi Nyingine. Nairobi: Oxford University Press ; 2021.
Mukhwana A. "Jinsi ya kuelezea Vokali za Kiswahili.". 1992.Website
O PROFBWIBONIMROD, W. PROFNDUATIRUTH. "Jitta J, Nduati RW Growth monitoring and promotion during early childhood development. In: Primary Health Care: A manual for medical students and other health workers. Ed. Mukelebai K, Bwibo NO, Onyango FE. 2nd edition, UNICEF.". In: Book. Journal of School of Continuous and Distance Education ; 1990. Abstract
Thirty children presenting with Battered Baby Syndrome over a five year period were studied retrospectively. The male:female ratio was 1:1.1. The majority (60%) were aged 0-11 months. 14 children (46%) were abandoned while six (20%) had multiple fractures, six (20%) multiple bruises and bites, and four (13.3%) had other forms of abuse. Twelve (40%) children were malnourished while eight of the babies (26.6%) were small for gestational age. Children were most frequently brought to hospital by the police or their mothers. The children were most frequently abused by their mothers either through abandonment or through physical battering. Details of mothers of the 14 abandoned children were unknown. Among the mothers of the other children, nine mothers were single, seven married and living with spouses and one stepmother. Two children (6.6%) died while the fate of two others was not known. Three children were sent home without intervention of the social worker, while twenty three children were discharged following intervention of the social worker; fourteen sent home, nine to a childrens' home and one through the juvenile court.
O PROFBWIBONIMROD, W. PROFNDUATIRUTH. "Jitta J, Nduati RW Growth monitoring and promotion during early childhood development. In: Primary Health Care: A manual for medical students and other health workers. Ed. Mukelebai K, Bwibo NO, Onyango FE. 2nd edition, UNICEF.". In: Book. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 2008; 1969. Abstract
O PROFWASUNNAAGGREY. "Jitta, J.N.S., Wafula, E.M., Wasunna, A. The Comatose Child in Paediatric Observation Ward of Kenyatta National Hospital. E Afr Med J 61: 917-924, 1984.". In: E Afr Med J 61: 917-924. John Benjamins Publishing Company; 1984. Abstract
PIP: A study of 125 children aged 0-6 months who were seen at Kenyatta National Hospital for acute diarrhea was conducted between 1982-1983 to determine the benefits of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in treatment of diarrheal illness. At admission, specimens of stool, blood and urine were collected and examine for bacterial, parasitic, and viral agents (including malaria), serum electrolytes, urea, white cell counts and hematocrit. Children were started on oral rehydration solution (ORS) unless severly dehydrated, in which case intravenous therapy was initiated. 84% of the children were successfully treated with ORS alone regardless of etiological agent found; 15% required IV therapy initially, then were placed on ORS. Average hospital stay was 56.2 hours. Cost of treatment by ORT is less than 20% the cost of IV therapy. When investigators surveyed other health institutions, they found that ORT was used alone in less than 10% of all children seen with diarrhea. A side benefit of ORT is the utilization of mothers in preparation and administration of solution, reducing the demand on hospital staff. Since 20% of all pediatric admissions at Kenyatta are due to acute diarrheal disease, use of ORT would reduce costs tremendously. Initiation of ORT at home may prevent development of dehydration altogether.
M. DRKILELUEDWARDS. "Jiversen J. Mbaya, E.S. Kilelu (1977). Determination of the rate of reaction for biological specimen obtained from industrial area Journal of Biochemistry. Vol.97 No. 99 p72 -80.". In: World Veterinary Congress/ xxv World Veterinary Association 1997. EAMJ; 1977. Abstract
S PROFKIGONDUCHRISTINE. "JK Kyaligonza, EO Wango, C Sekadde-Kigondu and P Adayo The Acrosomee Reaction in Gray Mangbey.". In: J.Med. Primatology., 23, 187, 2003. uon press; 2003. Abstract
The presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in genital secretions is regarded as a risk factor for sexual and perinatal transmission of HIV. A better understanding of correlates of genital shedding of HIV is crucial to the development of effective strategies against transmission of this virus. Events during menstrual cycle are likely to influence local immune responses and viral load in genital secretions, and hence determine susceptibility to HIV or efficiency of virus transmission. We report, in this study, preliminary findings on the relationship of menstrual cycle to genital mucosal and systemic immunity in female olive baboons (Papio anubis) experimentally inoculated with simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)89.6P.
MUCUNU DRMBARIAJ. "JK Musau, JM Mbaria and DW Gakuya (2011). The antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used in Meru Central District, Kenya. The Kenya Veterinarian 35(1): 18-24.". In: The Kenya Veterinarian. Elsevier; 2011.
(CHAIRMAN) PROFMULEICHARLESMATIKU,(CHAIRMAN) PROFMULEICHARLESMATIKU. "JK Wabacha, JM Maribei, CM Mulei, MN Kyule, KH Zessin and W Oluoch-Kosura (2006). Evaluation of alternative health interventions against sarcoptic mange and gastro-intestinal nematodes in smallholder pig herds in Kenya.". In: Bull. Anim. Prod. Hlth. Afr, Vol. 54(2) 2006: 82-91.; 2006.
(CHAIRMAN) PROFMULEICHARLESMATIKU. "JK Wabacha, JM Maribei, CM Mulei, MN Kyule, KH Zessin and W Oluoch-Kosura (2006). Evaluation of alternative health interventions against sarcoptic mange and gastro-intestinal nematodes in smallholder pig herds in Kenya. Bull. Anim. Prod. Hlth. Afr, Vol. 5.". In: Bull. Anim. Prod. Hlth. Afr, Vol. 54(2) 2006: 82-91.; 2006.
MUCUNU DRMBARIAJ. "JM Nguta and JM Mbaria (2011). Bioavailability of cobalt, zinc and selenium and anthelmintic effects of fortified and non-fortified albendazole in sheep. The Kenya Veterinarian 35(1): 9-17.". In: The Kenya Veterinarian. Elsevier; 2011.