This shall be the policy document of the Central University Library Directorate.
The Central University libraries serve the information needs of the University. In achieving these goals, the Library will ensure access for all users who need information while implementing appropriate standards to provide for the preservation of library materials and resources.
The purpose of this Policy Document is to provide Academic and Library staff with guidelines for making decisions about the development, management and utilization of Library collections.
MISSION: The Library exists to commit to excellent modern practices to create, preserve disseminate and apply information in support of learning, teaching and research in raising transformational leaders.
VISION: To strive for excellence in the provision of quality, relevant, current and timely information to the University community.
This excludes statutory public holidays.
The operating hours are subject to review by the Librarian in consultation with the Pro Vice- Chancellor.
Central University Library shall use majority of its funds to develop a collection which reflects the educational objective of supporting the training and service programs of the institution. Upon request of a library material, the Librarian shall check with the Library stock to ensure that the Library does not already have a copy. However, if there is a latest version of a book in stock, then the Librarian shall go ahead and purchase the book. Five copies of a title shall be acquired at a time.
The Librarian shall solicit and welcome suggestions and recommendations from Deans, Heads of departments, staff and students for the acquisition and retention of materials.
The Librarian will consult the Pro Vice-Chancellor when the librarian is uncertain of the ethical implications of gifts or donations. The Library accepts donations or gifts in materials and cash only. The donation or gift may be declined if the donor wishes to impose conditions that cannot reasonably be met. The Library shall decline materials that are outdated with newer editions. In addition, the authenticity of the materials to be donated shall be screened.
The Library believes that preserving the collections for continued use of its patrons is a natural extension of our collection development responsibility, and requires the allocation of budget for regular binding, repair and rebinding, preservation quality as well as other preservation methods when indicated.
The Central University Library recognizes the importance of maintaining a collection of current, appropriate, and useful materials. Therefore, a periodic evaluation of the collection will be performed in order to remove or replace materials which are no longer useful. Weeding of resources shall be ongoing and the responsibility of the Library team. Regular, appropriate editing is vital, in order to maximise the usefulness of the collections, make best use of limited Library shelve space, and eliminate unnecessary administrative costs. Therefore, the Library shall remove materials not currently used to non-open access areas, and will withdraw unused duplicate copies.
The above guidelines notwithstanding, the final decision concerning the removal or replacement of material rests with the University Librarian.
Services to patrons shall take precedence over other duties.
All patrons shall present a valid students identification card. The patron is responsible for all materials borrowed in his/her name. Circulation privileges are not transferable from one person to another. You are responsible for all library items checked out on your library record.
The electronic resources shall be used for educational or research purposes only. However, restrictions may apply to on-campus and off-campus users of certain databases. The terms and conditions of agreement between the user and vendors/publishers of these electronic resources shall regulate the use of the databases.
All Patrons who want to use the Library computers must book with library staff before using the computers.
The Library shall comply with prevailing copyright laws in the use of intellectual properties including electronic information resources. Under the fair use and fair dealings for the purpose of research or private study, photocopying of articles, chapters of books, etc, may be allowed. However, it shall be based on the copyright law which states that only 25% of a book can be photocopied at a time. Printing service is also available in the Library. Project work and dissertations cannot be photocopied.
• No food is allowed in the Library.
• Clients must take valuable items out of their bags before leaving them.


text:
Q: Using the ls command on an Ubuntu 14.04.10 server to explore my files Very new to Linux, but I thought I understood file exploration from the command line.
The problem:
I can't figure out how to navigate my files or directories, the console isn't displaying any feedback when I type "ls" or "pwd" or "cd".  Example:
tyler@ip-172-31-13-165:~$ cd /home/tyler
tyler@ip-172-31-13-165:~$ ls
tyler@ip-172-31-13-165:~$ ls /home/tyler

It's not showing me anything!  How do I know what directories exist?
what I've done so far:
I have recently created a Ubuntu 14.04.1 micro instance with AWS, which I'll be using to practice webapp deployment. I am connecting to the instance via puTTy on Windows 7.  I created a new user: tyler with sudo privileges, as follows:
What I want:
I want some way to explore the files/directories I've created/that have been created for me using the command line (I don't want to rely on a GUI).

A: No, the ls command does not work differently on server editions of Ubuntu.
What does work differently is that, by default, user creation on the server additions does not include populating the new user's home directory with folders such as Desktop (because there isn't one), Pictures and so on. So ls is simply telling you that there are currently no ordinary (non-hidden) files or directories within your home directory. If you want to see hidden files and directories, add the -A or -a flags e.g.
ls -A

See man ls
   -a, --all
          do not ignore entries starting with .

   -A, --almost-all
          do not list implied . and ..

A: Perhaps there's nothing in that directory?
Try "ls /" which should list contents of root directory.

A: As alternative, tree command gives you more complex information regarding directories in tree view.
Install it with sudo apt-get install tree
and try to type tree /

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Romanian economy is the 40st-largest economy in the world, with a $517.5 billion annual output (PPP). In recent years, Romania enjoyed some of the highest growth rates among EU countries: 6% in 2016, 7% in 2017, and 4,1% in 2018. Growth is expected to slow down to +3.8% in 2019. Extrapolating current trends, the country's GDP is projected to surpass $1,000 billion (PPP) before 2035.
Romania is of the leading destinations in Central and Eastern Europe for foreign direct investment: the cumulative inward FDI in the country since 1989 totals more than $170 billion. Romania is the largest electronics producer in Central and Eastern Europe. In the past 20 years Romania has also grown into a major center for mobile technology, information security, and related hardware research Dacia automobiles. Up until the late 2000s financial crisis, the Romanian economy had been referred to as a "Tiger" due to its high growth rates and rapid development. Until 2009, Romanian economic growth was among the fastest in Europe (officially 8.4% in 2008 and more than three times the EU average). Romania is rich in iron ore, oil, salt, uranium, nickel, copper and natural gas. The country is a regional leader in multiple fields, such as IT and motor vehicle production. Bucharest, the capital city, is one of the leading financial and industrial centres in Eastern Europe.
The top 10 exports of Romania are vehicles, machinery, chemical goods, electronic products, electrical equipment, pharmaceuticals, transport equipment, basic metals, food products, and rubber and plastics. Imports of goods and services increased 9.3%, while exports grew 7.6% in 2016, as compared to 2015. Exports of goods and services are expected to grow by 5.6% in 2017, while imports are seen increasing by 8.5%, according to the latest CNP (National Prognosis Commission) projections .
Industry in Romania generated 33.6% of the local gross domestic product (GDP) in the first half of 2018.
After World War I, the application of radical agricultural reforms and the passing of a new constitution created a democratic framework and allowed for quick economic growth (industrial production doubled between 1923–1938, despite the effects of the Great Depression). With oil production of 7.2 million tons in 1937, Romania ranked second in Europe and seventh in the world. The oil extracted from Romania was essential for the German war campaigns.
Before World War II, Romania was Europe's second-largest food producer.
After the Second World War, Romania became a member of the Eastern Bloc, and switched to a Soviet-style command economy. During this period the country experienced rapid industrialization in an attempt to create a "multilaterally developed socialist society". Economic growth was further fueled by foreign credits in the 1970s, but this eventually led to a growing foreign debt, which peaked at $11–12 billion.
Romania's debt was largely paid off during the 1980s by implementing severe austerity measures which deprived Romanians of basic consumer goods. In 1989, before the Romanian Revolution, Romania had a GDP of about 800 billion lei, or $53.6 billion. Around 58% of the country's gross national income came from industry, and another 15% came from agriculture. The minimum wage was 2,000 lei, or $135.
Privatization of industry started with the 1992 transfer of 30% of the shares of some 6,000 state-owned enterprises to five private ownership funds, in which each adult citizen received certificates of ownership. The remaining 70% ownership of the enterprises was transferred to a state ownership fund, with a mandate to sell off its shares at the rate of at least 10% per year. The privatization law also called for direct sale of some 30 specially selected enterprises and the sale of "assets" (i.e., commercially viable component units) of larger enterprises.
As of 2008, inflation stood at 7.8%, up from 4.8% in 2007 estimated by the BNR at coming within 6% for the year 2006 (the year-on-year CPI, published in March 2007, is 3.66%). Also, since 2001, the economy has grown steadily at around 6–8%. Therefore, the PPP per capita GDP of Romania in 2008 was estimated to be between $12,200 and $14,064.
Financial and technical assistance continued to flow in from the U.S., European Union, other industrial nations, and international financial institutions facilitating Romania's reintegration into the world economy. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank (IBRD), the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) all had programs and resident representatives in Romania. Romania also attracted foreign direct investment, which in 2008 rose to $72 billion.
Romania was the largest U.S. trading partner in Central-Eastern Europe until Ceauşescu's 1988 renunciation of Most Favored Nation (non-discriminatory) trading status, the latter of which resulted in high U.S. tariffs on Romanian products. Congress approved restoration of the MFN status effective 8 November 1993, as part of a new bilateral trade agreement. Tariffs on most Romanian products dropped to zero in February 1994 with the inclusion of Romania in the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). Major Romanian exports to the U.S. include shoes and clothing, steel, and chemicals.
Romania signed an Association Agreement with the EU in 1992 and a free trade agreement with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1993, codifying Romania's access to European markets and creating the basic framework for further economic integration. At the Helsinki Summit in December 1999, the European Union invited Romania to formally begin accession negotiations. In 2002, the target date of 2007 was set for Romania, along with Bulgaria, for its accession efforts. This was confirmed in 2003 at the Thessaloniki Summit and then in early 2005 Romania and Bulgaria signed the adherence treaty to EU. They formally joined the EU on 1 January 2007.
During the latter part of the Ceauşescu period, Romania earned significant credits from several Arab countries, notably Iraq, for work related to the oil industry. In August 2005, Romania agreed to forgive 43% of the US$1.7 billion debt owed by an Iraq still largely occupied by the military forces of the U.S.-led "Coalition of the Willing", making Romania the first country outside of the Paris Club of wealthy creditor nations to forgive Iraqi debts.
Growth in 2000–07 was supported by exports to the EU, primarily to Italy and Germany, and a strong recovery of foreign and domestic investment. Domestic demand is playing an ever more important role in underpinning growth as interest rates drop and the availability of credit cards and mortgages increases. Current account deficits of around 2% of GDP are beginning to decline as demand for Romanian products in the European Union increases. Accession to the EU gives further impetus and direction to structural reform.
In early 2004 the government passed increases in the value-added tax (VAT) and tightened eligibility for social benefits with the intention to bring the public finance gap down to 4% of GDP by 2006, but more difficult pension and healthcare reforms will have to wait until after the next elections. Privatization of the state-owned bank Banca Comercială Română took place in 2005. Intensified restructuring among large enterprises, improvements in the financial sector, and effective use of available EU funds is expected to accelerate economic growth. However, the Romanian economy was affected by the financial crisis of 2007–08 and contracted in 2009.
The level of investment remains above EU average. Investment accounts for almost 25% of GDP in Romania as opposed to 19% of GDP in the EU, in 2016.
On 1 January 2007 Romania entered the EU. This led to some immediate international trade liberalization. Romania is part of the European single market which represents more than 508 million consumers. Several domestic commercial policies are determined by agreements among European Union members and by EU legislation. This is to be contrasted with enormous current account deficits. Low interest rates guarantee availability of funds for investment and consumption. For example, a boom in the real estate market started around 2000 and has not subsided yet. At the same time annual inflation in the economy is variable and during the mid-2000s (2003–2008) has seen a low of 2.3% and high of 7.8%.
In the winter of 2004 the government introduced a flat tax of 16% that was introduced on 1 January 2005. This is done in hope for higher GDP growth and greater tax collection rates. The reform, which some called a "revolution" in taxation, was met with mild discussions and some protests by affected working classes. Romania subsequently enjoyed the lowest fiscal burden in the European Union, until Bulgaria also switched to a flat tax of 10% in 2007.
The accession of Romania and Bulgaria to the European Union has given the Union access to the Black Sea. Major industries include food processing, pharmaceuticals, motor vehicles, information technology, chemicals, metallurgy, machinery, electrical goods, and tourism.
Romania posted an economic growth of 6 percent in 2016, the biggest among European Union member states. According to Bloomberg, the country's economic growth advanced at the fastest pace since 2008. It is now considered the next tech-startup hub country in EU. Nowadays, that Romania's digital infrastructure ranks higher than other eastern and central European countries makes it an attractive place to start a tech business.
In the Romanian press the economy has been referred to as the "Tiger of the East" during the 2000s. Romania is a country of considerable economic potential: over 10 million hectares of agricultural land, diverse energy sources (coal, oil, natural gas, hydro, nuclear and wind), a substantial, if aging, manufacturing base and opportunities for expanded development in tourism on the Black Sea and in the mountains.
Net investments in Romania's economy totaled RON 33.6 billion (EUR 7.2 billion) in the first half of 2018, up by 5.8% compared to the same period of 2017, according to data released by the National Statistics Institute (INS).
The planned national budget for 2017 is 422 billion lei ($103 billion), with an estimated budget deficit to GDP of 1.1%.
GDP growth reached 8.3% in 2006 according to the statistical office of the Romania (the year-to-year growth amounted to unexpected 9.8% in the 3rd quarter of 2006 and stayed high at 9.5% year-to-year change in the 4th quarter of 2006), and 8.0% in 2007. In the first nine months of the year 2017, the Romanian GDP grew by 7% on gross series and by 6.9 percent on seasonally adjusted series.
Romania has growing middle and upper classes with relatively high per capita incomes. World Bank estimated that in 2002 99% of the urban and 94% of the rural population had access to electricity. In 2004, 91% of the urban and only 16% of the rural population had access to improved water supply and 94% of the urban population had access to improved sanitation. In 2017 there were about 22.5 million mobile phone users in Romania and about 18 million with internet access.
In March 2017, the gross average monthly wage was RON 3,256 (€716), and the net average monthly wage was RON 2,342 (€515).
Countries tend to benefit from sharing borders with developed markets as this facilitates trade and development. Below is a table of Romania's neighboring countries, their GDP per capita, and trade values between the pairs. In 2010, as little as 10.94pc of Romanian exports went to its neighbors; while 14.06pc of imports came from these five countries. For comparison, Germany alone accounted for 16.83pc of Romania's exports and 15.91pc of its imports.
The ministry's proposal is to increase the minimum gross wage in the economy to RON 2,080 (EUR 446) starting December 1, 2018. For employees working on positions that require upper education, the minimum gross salary will be RON 2,350 (EUR 504). The same minimum wage will apply to employees with a seniority of over 15 years.
In 2018, the median wealth per adult in Romania was estimated by Credit Suisse at USD 6,658. Average wealth per adult was USD 20,321.
62% of the 15.6 million Romanian adults had a wealth of less than USD 10,000.
Romania is the most popular tourist destination from Central and Eastern Europe with more than 15.7 million domestic and foreign tourists in 2018. This figure excludes people staying less than 24 hours in Romania, such as eastearn Europeans crossing Romania on their way to Asia or South Europe during the summer.
Romania is home to cities of much cultural interest (Bucharest being the foremost), beaches and seaside resorts, ski resorts, and rural regions that many enjoy for their beauty and tranquillity. Romania also attracts many religious pilgrims, which hosts several thousands visitors a year.
The leu (pronounced [ˈlew]), plural: lei ([ˈlej]); (ISO 4217 code RON; numeric code 946), "leo" (lion) in English is the currency of Romania. It is subdivided into 100 bani (singular: ban). On 1 July 2005, Romania underwent a currency reform, switching from the previous leu (ROL) to a new leu (RON). 1 RON is equal to 10,000 ROL. Romania joined the European Union on 1 January 2007 and initially hoped to adopt the euro in 2014, but with the deepening of the Euro crisis and with its own problems, such as a low workforce productivity, postponed its adoption plans indefinitely.
According to Bloomberg, the Romanian currency is the third-best performer against the euro in 2016 among currencies in CEE area, gaining 1.4 percent.
Romania, as a member state of the European Union, is required to adopt the common European currency, the Euro. For this reason Romania must fulfil the five Maastricht criteria, of which it met two as of May 2018.
^ a b c d e The maximum allowed change in rate is ± 2.25% for Denmark.
Romania is an oil and gas producer. The pipeline network in Romania included 2,427 km for crude oil, 3,850 km for petroleum products, and 3,508 km for natural gas in 2006. Several major new pipelines are planned, especially the Nabucco Pipeline for Caspian oilfields, the longest one in the world. Romania could cash in four billion dollars from the Constanta-Trieste pipeline.
Romania has considerable[vague] natural resources for a country of its size, including coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, uranium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite, borate, celestine (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, arable land and hydropower.
Romania's mineral production is adequate to supply its manufacturing output. Energy needs are also met by importing bituminous and anthracite coal and crude petroleum. In 2007 approximately 34 million tons of coal, approximately 4,000 tons of tungsten, 565,000 tons of iron ore, and 47,000 tons of zinc ore were mined. Lesser amounts of copper, lead, molybdenum, gold, silver, kaolin, and fluorite also were mined.
The energy sector is dominated by state-owned companies such as Termoelectrica, Hidroelectrica and Nuclearelectrica. Fossil fuels are the country's primary source of energy, followed by hydroelectric power.
Due to dependency on oil and gas imports from Russia, the country has placed an increasingly heavy emphasis on nuclear energy since the 1980s. The Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant is the only one of its kind in Romania, although there are plans to build a second one in Transylvania, possibly after 2020.
For domestic heating and cooking 48% of rural and small-town households use directly burned solid fuel (almost exclusively domestically produced wood) as the main energy source.
Wind power had an installed capacity of 76 MW in 2008, and the country has the largest wind power potential in Southeast Europe, with Dobruja listed as the second-best place in Europe to construct wind farms. As a result, there are currently[when?] investor connection requests for over 12,000 MW. There are also plans to build a number of solar power stations, such as the Covaci Solar Park, which will be one of the largest in the world.
Of the electricity generated in 2007, 13.1 percent came from nuclear plants then in operation, 41.69 percent from thermal plants (oil and coal), and 25.8 percent from hydroelectric sites.
The volume of traffic in Romania, especially goods transportation, has increased in recent years due to its strategic location in South-East Europe. In the past few decades, much of the freight traffic shifted from rail to road. A further strong increase of traffic is expected in the future.
As of June 2015, 694 km of motorways are in use with Timisoara-Lugoj 26 km also to be finished in 2015, Lugoj-Deva to be finished in 2016 while Sibiu-Pitesti is still tendering. The railway network, which was significantly expanded during the Communist years, is the fourth largest in Europe.
Bucharest is the only city in Romania which has an underground railway system, comprising both the Bucharest Metro and the light rail system managed by Regia Autonomă de Transport Bucureşti. Although construction was planned to begin in 1941, due to geo-political factors, the Bucharest Metro was only opened in 1979. Now it is one of the most accessed systems of the Bucharest public transport network with an average ridership of 800,000 passengers during the workweek. In total, the network is 71 km long and has 53 stations.
Romania has become a natural gas exporter. Romanian Scientist, Lazar Edeleanu, had managed, for the first time in the world, to refine oil based products with sulphur dioxide, in other words separation from the oil of some hydrocarbon groups, without their chemical alteration.
Agriculture employs about 29% of the population (one of the highest rates in Europe), and contributes about 8.1% of GDP. The Bărăgan is characterized by large wheat farms. Dairy products, pork, poultry, and apple production are concentrated in the western region.
Beef production is located in central Romania, while the production of fruits, vegetables, and wine ranges from central to southern Romania. Romania is a large producer of many agricultural products and is currently expanding its forestry and fishery industries. The implementation of the reforms and the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) have resulted in reforms in the agricultural sector of the economy.
There has been a large scale decrease in employment in the fishing industry within Romania due to the EU's Common Fisheries Policy, which places restrictions on the total tonnage of catch that can be landed, caused by overfishing in the Black Sea. In tandem with the decline of sea-fishing, commercial fish farms – especially in salmon, have increased in prominence in the rivers and lochs of the east of Romania. Inland waters are rich in fresh water fish such as salmon, trout, and in particular, carp which traditionally has been the most popular fish, including its eggs (icre), fresh or canned.
In 2004 Romania enjoyed one of the largest world market share in machine tools (5.3%). Romanian-based companies such as Dacia, Petrom, Rompetrol, Bitdefender, Romstal and Mobexpert have expanded operations throughout the region. However, small- to medium-sized manufacturing firms form the bulk of Romania's industrial sector.
Romania's industrial output is expected to advance 9% in 2007, while agriculture output is projected to grow 12%. Final consumption is also expected to increase by 11% overall – individual consumption by 14.4% and collective consumption by 10.4%. Domestic demand is expected to go up 12.7%.
Industrial output growth was 6.9% year-on-year in December 2009, making it the highest in the EU-27 zone which averaged −1.9%.
Romania has the third-highest percentage of women working in information and communications technologies (ICT) in Europe. 29% of their workforce is made up of women.
The largest employer is the retail sector, employing almost 12% of Romanians. The retail industry is mainly concentrated in a relatively small number of chain stores clustered together in shopping malls. In recent years the rise of big-box stores, such as Cora (hypermarket) (of the France) and Carrefour (a subsidiary of the French), have led to fewer workers in this sector and a migration of retail jobs to the suburbs.
Romania is aggressively promoting and developing its biotechnology industry. Hundred of millions of dollars were invested into the sector to build up infrastructure, fund research and development and to recruit top international scientists to Romania. Romania features one of the world's newest competitive bio-industries, in key areas as pharmacogenomics, protein engineering, glyco-engineering, tissue engineering, bio-informatics, genome medicine and preventive medicine. Romania is devoting substantial resources to developing universities and R&D facilities, increasing bioventure startups, growing bio-clusters (communities of biotechnology companies and institutions) and developing human resources, all with the goal of making it one of the world's most advanced biotechnology regions.
The strength of the Romanian economy varies from region to region. GDP, and GDP per capita is highest in Bucharest. The following table shows the GDP (2015) per capita of the 4 counties and the capital city, with data supplied by CNP.
The highest GDP per capita is found in Bucharest and surrounding Ilfov County. Values well above the national average are found in Timiş, Argeş, Braşov, Cluj, Constanţa, Sibiu and Prahova. Values well below the national average are found in: Vaslui, Botoşani, Călăraşi, Neamţ, Vrancea, Suceava, Giurgiu, Mehedinţi, Olt and Teleorman.
A chart of Romania's export products.
Italy is Romania's largest trading partner; two-way trade totaled some $22.6 billion in 2007. The principal exports from Italy to Romania include computers, integrated circuits, aircraft parts and other defense equipment, wheat, and automobiles, along with remittances. Romania's chief exports to Italy include cut diamonds, jewelry, integrated circuits, printing machinery, and telecommunications equipment. 2.8% of the country's GDP is derived from Agricultural activity. While Romania imports substantial quantities of grain, it is largely self-sufficient in other agricultural products and food stuffs, due to the fact that food must be regulated for sale in the Romania retail market, and hence imports almost no food products from other countries.
Romania imported in 2006 food products of 2.4 billion euros, up almost 20% versus 2005, when the imports were worth slightly more than 2 billion euros. The EU is Romania's main partner in the trade with agri-food products. The exports to this destination represent 64%, and the imports from the EU countries represent 54%. Other important partners are the CEFTA countries, Turkey, Republic of Moldova and the USA. Despite a decline of the arms industry in the post-communist era, Romania is a significant exporter of military equipment, accounting for 3–4% of the world total in 2007. EU members are represented by a single official at the World Trade Organization.
During the first trimester of 2010, Romanian exports increased by 21%, one of the largest rates in the European Union, surpassed only by Malta. The trade deficit currently stands at roughly 2 billion EUR, the eighth largest in the EU.
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^ "Convergence Report - June 2016" (PDF). European Commission. June 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
^ a b c d "Convergence Report 2018". European Central Bank. 22 May 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
^ "Convergence Report - May 208". European Commission. May 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
^ Romania could cash in four billion dollars from the Constanta-Trieste pipeline. Pumping oil could pay off in Romania as benefits from the Constanta-Trieste pipeline could amount to more than four billion dollars. The benefits could range from 2.27 to 4.39 billion dollars over 20 years, depending on the capacity of the new oleo duct, according to Hill International's feasibility study.
^ "Romania contruieste a doua centrala nucleara". Euractiv.ro. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
^ "Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves". CleanCookstoves.org. Archived from the original on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
^ "Dobrogea, pe locul doi în Europa ca potenţial eolian". Dobrogea, pe locul doi în Europa ca potenţial eolian (in Romanian). Evenimentul Zilei. 5 February 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009.
^ "Portalul national de Administratie Publica". Retrieved 16 September 2014.
^ "RAD - Network Access & Telecommunications Solutions". Archived from the original on 4 August 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
^ "Bucharest Metrorex - Railway Technology". Retrieved 16 September 2014.
^ "METROREX". Retrieved 16 September 2014.
^ "Romania's Black Sea natural gas production to start in 2018 (official) – AGERPRES". www.AgerPres.ro. Archived from the original on 24 September 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
^ "Oil and Gas Industry in Romania - ROPEPCA - Romanian Petroleum Exploration and Production Companies Association". www.Ropepca.ro. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
^ "Romania reports highest December 2009 industrial output growth in EU27 - FINANCIARUL - ultimele stiri din Finante, Banci, Economie, Imobiliare si IT". Retrieved 16 September 2014.
^ a b "TOPUL celor mai bogate 5 judete din Romania dupa PIB-ul pe cap de locuitor". Retrieved 30 March 2016.
^ "TOPUL celor mai bogate 5 judete din Romania dupa PIB-ul pe cap de locuitor". March 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
^ "România ocupă locul doi în UE după creşterea exporturilor din primul trimestru - Mediafax". Mediafax.ro. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
^ a b c "IT and telecommunications in Central and Eastern Europe". Archived from the original on 11 October 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Economy of Romania.
While the Hungarian government has been planning since 2003 to replace the Hungarian forint with the euro, as of 2014, there is no target date and the forint is not part of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism. An economic study in 2008 has found that the adoption of the euro would increase foreign investment in Hungary by 30%, although current governor of the Hungarian National Bank (MNB) and former Minister of the National Economy György Matolcsy said they did not want to give up the country's independence regarding corporate tax matters.
Romania is required by its EU accession agreement to replace the current national currency, the Romanian leu, with the euro, as soon as Romania fulfills all of the six nominal euro convergence criteria. The leu is not yet part of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism, of which minimum two years of stable membership is one of the six nominal convergence criteria to comply with to qualify for euro adoption. The current Romanian government in addition established a self-imposed criteria to reach a certain level of "real convergence", as a steering anchor to decide the appropriate target year for ERM II-membership and euro adoption. As of March 2018, the scheduled date for euro adoption in Romania is 2024, according to Liviu Dragnea, head of the ruling Party of Social Democrats.
The United Kingdom has never sought to adopt the euro as its official currency for the duration of its membership of the European Union (EU), and secured an opt-out at the euro's creation via the Maastricht Treaty in 1992. Polls have shown that the majority of British people have been against adopting the euro, and in a June 2016 referendum the UK voted to withdraw from the EU which would virtually eliminate the chance of any future adoption. Despite never being a member of the eurozone, the currency is used in the UK's Cypriot territories and as a secondary currency in Gibraltar; furthermore, London is home to the majority of the euro's clearing houses.
Romania has a developing, upper-middle income market economy, the 17th largest in the European Union by total nominal GDP and the 11th largest based on purchasing power parity. The country is a regional leader in multiple fields, such as IT and motor vehicle production.


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Barbados leaves colonial history behind and becomes a republic
Guardian, 30 Nov 2021
President Sandra Mason was sworn in as the new head of state in the Barbados capital Bridgetown. The celebrations were attended by Prince Charles, who acknowledged the 'appalling atrocity of slavery, which forever stains our history'. Singer and entrepreneur Rihanna was designated a National Hero of Barbados.
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Barbados parts way with Queen and becomes world's newest republic ► https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/30/at-the-stroke-of-midnight-barbados-becomes-the-worlds-newest-republic
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Bellona.org > Latest News > Russian human rights issues > Access to information > «Consider this a prophylactic case…»
«Consider this a prophylactic case…»
Grigory Pasko gives an account of his conversation with the deputy chief of the Pacific Fleet branch of the Federal Security Service, or FSB, which the renowned environmental journalist was treated to after reclaiming money that had been illegally confiscated from him by the secret services in 1997.
Published on October 9, 2003 by Grigory Pasko
During my recent trip to Vladivostok, I found in my mailbox a notification from the Pacific Fleet branch of the FSB. The secret service was inviting me to come and receive the money that they had illegally confiscated from me six years ago, in 1997. 1
I came. I received. I asked when I could come back to collect the interest. Instead, they suggested, rather persistently, that I also pay a visit to the deputy head of the Pacific Fleet FSB, Comrade Glukhov.
I have to admit, I like going to museums, curiosities exhibits and other freak shows. That's why I decided to go and have a look at yet another representative of such an odious organisation. All the more so because I remembered seeing that name under the surveillance materials and other investigation documents of the case that had been initiated against me as a suspect in March 1997.
Tenth floor. A narrow gloomy hallway. Dirt-stained shades on overhead lights, broken bulbs. In the corner by one of the walls, just as in 1997, dull-looking lieutenants and a wooden horse splashed with lime blots.
Sergei Glukhov informed me right away that he had been deputy for only a short time yet, and that they had a new boss. I replied that, apparently, even a case slapped together in such crappy slipshod manner—this "Japanese spy" case—did not prevent him from moving easily up through ranks and posts. Him as well as many other agents of this directorate.
What followed was actually Glukhov's monologue. He asked his questions in such a way that no answers were required. Galina has found a job yet? Your son's doing good at the university? The little boy goes to a kindergarten now? How's the job at the magazine and at Novaya Gazeta? Et cetera, et cetera.
It was all too clear that to be so awkwardly using that ancient Cheka trick was giving Glukhov an unspeakable pleasure: His face seemed to beam with yet another demonstration that they know everything.
Then, for some reason, Glukhov started telling me in detail about what staff changes had taken place in the directorate and in the pre-trial remand jail in Vladivostok. I asked him if he seriously thought that I was interested in all this.
I got a grin and an empty stare of his whitish eyes for an answer.
"Detective Yegorkin is now in Moscow, going to be a general at the Investigations Department," Glukhov said suddenly about a man in whose regard the Supreme Court upheld a special ruling by the Pacific Fleet Military Court that confirmed the falsification of certain materials in my case. Basically pronounced him a criminal.
I said was not surprised by that in the least. After all, if a KGB colonel could become the president of a country why wouldn't an ordinary law-violating KGB functionary make a colonel or a general in the same country?
Obviously, our conversation touched on my case, too.
Glukhov: It's all over… And all's well that ends well.
I: I don't think it's over. The Strasbourg Court has not had its say yet.
Glukhov: Consider this a prophylactic case… A lesson for potential spies… Our people have learnt a lot. Your lawyers have, too
I: I have drawn the firm conclusion that your people are incapable of learning anything at all
Glukhov reached over and took a copy of my book We're Singing to the Deaf from the windowsill.
I don't think I had remembered the name of one of a hundred of those secret service agents involved in the fabrication of my case when I was working on the title of the book. Now it seemed I had struck right home. Glukhov: Deaf by definition…2
"If you could," Glukhov said sheepishly, "an autograph…"
I: If you think it will help you
Glukhov: You don't have to take offence at us
I: Who said I was taking offence? It's not like one can take offence at the offended anyway
Glukhov: Um, because they're refusing to issue you your travel passport…
I: Today they're refusing, tomorrow there'll be nothing they can do about it. It's nothing, just another demonstration of pettiness
Glukhov: That's not us, that's the police
I: Oh come now… Passing the buck like this
Glukhov: I can see you're in a hurry… Oh yes, I remember, you've come to take part in the congress… Let me sign your pass here… Or else… ah, hee hee… they won't let you out… hee hee… And then you'll say we lured you in to arrest you… hee hee hee
I left the room.
There was no unpleasant after-taste from the meeting. There were no new thoughts either. Nothing changed, it was as old as the world itself. It was once, it has been before… Executioners always feel drawn to their victims who happen to miraculously survive. In my case, though, there are a lot of executioners. If every one of them takes it into his head to make my acquaintance… I'll have to order a reprint of my book.
1Grigory Pasko, a writer and investigative journalist who worked for the Pacific Fleet's newspaper Boyevaya Vakhta, or Battle Watch, was arrested in Vladivostok on November 20th, 1997. The FSB accused Pasko for having committed high treason through espionage when working with Japanese journalists. Pasko's publications focused primarily on nuclear safety issues in the Russian Pacific Fleet. Authorities were especially upset by a 1993 video of Russian naval vessels illegally dumping radioactive waste in the Sea of Japan that Pasko gave to the Japanese media.
After a prolonged battle in court, an amnesty and a re-trial, Pasko was on December 25th, 2001, convicted to four years of hard labour for treason and taken into custody. Amnesty International adopted Pasko as a Prisoner of Conscience on January 7th, 2002, saying that the prosecution of Pasko appears to be "motivated by political reprisal for exposing the practice of dumping nuclear waste." The Supreme Court, however, upheld the conviction in an appeal hearing on June 25th, 2002. After serving two thirds of his sentence, Pasko was released on parole. He has, however, since his release, been illegally denied an international passport required for Russian citizens to travel outside Russia. Pasko is the editor of the Ekologiya i Pravo, or Ecology and Rights, magazine, which is published by the Environmental Rights Center Bellona in St. Petersburg, Russia. His case has been sent to the Human Rights Court in Strasbourg and is currently pending review.
2The Russian last name Glukhov is derived from the Russian root meaning "deaf."


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Opening Day at Shea (1972)
When it comes to 'important' games in a baseball season, ones you can point to on the schedule and know they are coming are few and far between. Milestone games, pennant clinching games, postseason games and Opening Day are the few that you know are going to happen at least the day before they do. This, you would think, would lend itself to being captured on kinescope or video tape. Opening Day also is (usually) guaranteed to feature the best pitchers on each team going against each other.
Yet very few Opening Days have survived in baseball collecting. In fact, I only know of two large selections of Opening Day games that still exist before 1977. I'm going to talk about one of those today.
The 1972 season was the first MLB season to feature a players' strike. The players, led by Marvin Miller, sat out the first 13 days of the season until an agreement was reached on pensions and salary arbitration. When the season did begin, on April 15, NBC Sports debuted their baseball schedule with the defending 1971 World Series Champion Pittsburgh Pirates visiting the New York Mets. The matchup pitted the #4 and #2 vote getters in the 1971 Cy Young voting with Doc Ellis going against Tom Seaver. NBC would have Jim Simpson on the play-by-play and Sandy Koufax providing color commentary.
The broadcast starts off with a pregame tribute to the late Gil Hodges. The kinescope goes only two and a half innings. In it, we see both teams get through their lineup on the brisk sub-50 degree day.
This would be the final Opening Day of Roberto Clemente's career. This would be the first time fans would get to view Clemente after he had cemented himself as a bonafide star following his legendary 1971 World Series performance. Seaver came into this game on a 'skid' against the Pirates, having lost his last few starts against them. If the complete game existed, you'd get to view Seaver pitch masterfully for 6 innings, to be followed by 3 no-hit innings of Tug McGraw.
This games is shown in black-and-white kinescope. The quality is on-par with most kinescope, although being from 1972, it probably should be in a bit better quality. As an interesting aside, a film called 'No No: A Dockumentary' about the life and times of Doc Ellis highlights footage of this Opening Day.
One of the producer's claims on their YouTube page that they helped Doak Ewing upgrade the quality of the footage.
That could explain why the footage went from looking like the first picture (as I had always seen it), to becoming the much better result of the second picture. This is yet another of the Armed Forces NBC Game of the Week kinescopes that have survived. We get roughly 48 minutes of the broadcast.
The print in general shows a great deal of dirt and wear, although for being a 16mm kinescope of a color broadcast that was likely saved from being discarded, it isn't that bad. Also, the higher resolution shots from the Dockumentary shows that there is quite a bit to be said for high-resolution digital archiving.
Below are images taken from a microfilm of a Montreal newspaper on 04/15/1972. It lists that the game being shown on NBC that day in their market is Los Angeles vs Cincinnati. Montreal appears to share some New York markets, so that may be the reason for the alternate feed but it has me wondering which of these games was the 'A' game that would have featured Gowdy and Kubek. That could be part of the reason for the reduced production quality.
Share Posted by GL at 4:30 PM
In addition to the so so quality of the kinescope, NBC did an unusually poor job of producing this game. There are very few cameras used in comparison to other broadcasts of this era. For instance, there is no ground level home plate camera being used and very few camera angles employed. There are a few possible explanations for this situation. This broadcast was blacked out in New York as it was watched by me on WOR. The pregame salute to Gil Hodges was fully covered in New York. I made a reel to reel tape of the tribute that is long lost. Secondly, this game was quickly scheduled after the settlement of the 72 player's strike. Maybe NBC wasn't prepared for the game. There were only 15,000 fans for the game at the time the Mets lead M LB in total attendance.
GL July 23, 2013 at 8:26 PM
Yes, I've heard quite a few people comment on the quality of the NBC broadcast not only in this game but in a few from 1972.
Is another possible explanation being that this may have in fact been the 'B' game? We have Simpson and Koufax doing PBP instead of the usual 'A' squad of Gowdy/Kubek.
I did some digging and found in a Montreal newspaper these TV listings that show that the other NBC broadcast that day was Los Angeles vs Cincinnati. I've added these images to the bottom of the original post.
ericpaddon August 6, 2013 at 2:27 PM
I think the fact it was the "B" game is why the production values are so low, with no centerfield camera shot at all throughout the broadcast. This is a problem I've noticed frequently when I see telecast partials of this era, in that there was a stinginess about using the CF camera and an overwhelming overuse of the high camera above the plate for almost every pitch, which IMO really made the quality of baseball on TV suffer greatly. That kind of overhead shot gives you no true sense of what's happening and is more a relic of the 50s.


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Be sure to consider all the conditions of your installation so that your level sensor will operate properly for many years. Begin the selection process now at www.madisonco.com.
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You don't need to go to the movies to experience massive blazing special effects that would make Michael Bay jealous, you don't need to go to The Metropolitan Museum of Art to hear the instruments dating back thousands of years, and you don't need to visit Brooklyn to hear the most unique collaborations – These things can all be found in the video from The Particles titled "Taken Away." It's Andy Gesner and the HIP crew with one of the most ambitious music videos you will see this summer for your programming pleasure!
A word of caution: this is a music video of epic and monstrous proportions; any clip that might follow it will end up looking bland and boring! We would love to hook you up with some goodies from The Particles, so please be in touch and let us know of any giveaways and contests you'd like to run. If you need more info, call Andy Gesner at 732-613-1779 or e-mail us atinfo@HIPVideoPromo.com . You can also visit www.The-Particles.com to find out more about The Particles. Be on the look for a full-length release coming later this year.


It's apple season and time for stocking up on some easy family favorite apple recipes! If you have kids like me and go apple picking every fall season, you always end up with much more than you thought you had picked! With 3 kids of my own, the amount is quite crazy! All these recipes are low in sugar meaning they have no added sugar, only natural sugar coming from the apples themselves. These are healthier options for the family and with these tasty treats no one will even notice there's no added sugars.


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Help shape the future of your company by responding to European Commission consultations!
The European Commission is currently organising a series of major consultations that will be decisive for the future of telecom operators, providers of cloud computing solutions, Internet services, and audio-visual media, i.e. a substantial part of the economy.
Peter Bussé: a new member of our dream team
A new member has joined the LCL dream team. Who is Peter Bussé, and what can he do for you?
We interviewed him for you.
Will the Internet of Things make the internet grind to a halt?
The hype surrounding the Internet of Things has led doom-mongers to claim that the internet will grind to a halt.
Is this a painful truth, or a hoax?
Laurens van Reijen, Managing Director of LCL, shares his vision.
Figure of the month: Gentse Feesten festival
Figure of the month: 1.143.154
More than a million devices connected to the wireless network offered by Citymesh, LCL and Evonet, free of charge, during the Gentse Feesten festival.
We have a few more numbers for fans of figures:
In every newsletter we provide a forum where our client operators can announce their news.
LCL cycles for the fourth world
Supporting a good cause by cycling for the fourth world.
LCL the housing partner for Proact's new hybrid cloud-based solution
Proact, Europe's leading independent data center infrastructure integrator and cloud services enabler, has launched CLOUD-IO, a new hybrid cloud-based solution. LCL is the housing partner for this new platform.
Trusto relies on LCL to house 'most secure archive'
Trusto is a new way to store or send documents in an extremely secure environment. This digital platform is housed at LCL.
LCL Aalst also officially certified
After Diegem and Antwerp, LCL's data center in Aalst has now also been checked, reviewed and certified as an IBM level 3 data center. What does this mean for your data?
Demolishing and rebuilding
LCL has released a team of experts with a sledgehammer and a crowbar in the building next to its existing data center in Kouterveldstraat, Diegem. This was done as part of the installation of 700 m² of additional data center infrastructure for new and existing clients.


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Aspiring Gnostic Christian+Buddhist/Bodhisattva . I learn from all the Sacred Religions and Spiritual traditions. I experience great joy many times per day and am filled with immense happiness when I comprehend important things during meditation.
I am a friendly outgoing person with a funny sense of humor, I enjoy sports especially winter sports. I am into Astronomy its one of my biggest passions and i love to travel. I don't look into the future and i don't look back in the past i live for the now.


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Lake Homes Lifestyles
Lake Market Report
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New Hampshire Lake Homes
Little Sunapee Lake Homes
Off Market Properties
Little Sunapee Lake
Little Sunapee Lake, New Hampshire
Little Sunapee Lake real estate is a beautiful, but lesser known, market for lake homes and land in New Hampshire.
More About Little Sunapee Lake
Little Lake Sunapee, Springfield, NH
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40 Murray Pond, New London, NH
1 Beds 1 Baths 0.97 AC LOT
124 Spruce, New London, NH
4 Beds 5 Baths 0.5 AC LOT
575 Newport, New London, NH
3 Beds 3 Baths 15.19 AC LOT
53 Spruce, New London, NH
92 MurrayPond, New London, NH
71 Aspen, Springfield, NH
4 Beds 4 Baths 5 AC LOT
88 Heath, New London, NH
46 Twin Lake Villa, New London, NH
1422 Little Sunapee, New London, NH
147 South Cove, New London, NH
0 Little Sunapee, New London, NH
140 AC LOT
508 Little Sunapee, New London, NH
About Little Sunapee Lake
The Start of This Recreational Paradise
The blue oasis that is Lake Sunapee has been a recreational hit of New Hampshire since the Newbury B&M Railroad. Constructed in the mid-1800s, the railway could bring loads of vacationers to Lake Sunapee before the time of automobiles.
Soon after the development of resort hotels and cottages, steamboats were ferrying passengers all about the lake. Many large vessels came to Lake Sunapee throughout the steamboat era, some carrying over 600 passengers.
Scuba divers might have more fun visiting the Weetamoo, a sunken, 50-foot steamboat at the bottom of Lake Sunapee. Sunapee is proud of its rich history, but there is more to see.
A Look Into Sunapee's Rocky Shores
Lake Sunapee stretches 10 miles (north to south) across Sullivan and Merrimack Counties. Small-town Sunapee borders the lake, while the central city of Manchester is just 50 miles southeast.
As the fifth-largest lake of New Hampshire, Lake Sunapee claims 4,155-acres and boasts 70 miles of shoreline. Sunapee has glaciers to thank for its rocky shores and unique shape. The last berg receded 11,000 years ago.
From above, Lake Sunapee has a goose-like shape, featuring inlets, peninsulas, and 11 islands. It has long been recognized for its rugged shoreline; the Abenaqui Tribe first named the water "Soo-Nipi," meaning "Rocky Lake."
Recreation Galore
The lake is not only a gorgeous location but also a recreational hot spot. Since its popularity in the 1800s, Lake Sunapee remains one of New Hampshire's top destinations.
Boaters have a great deal of fun cruising the waters while thrill-seekers partake in water skiing, wakeboarding, and windsurfing. Lake Sunapee's beaches are the perfect hangout spot for the family. Pack a picnic and head to one of Sunapee's beaches for all-day sunning, swimming, and relaxing.
Sunapee State Beach is the most popular, offering kayak and canoe rentals, a boat launch, a bathhouse, and a store. For a quieter stretch of sands, escape to the calm shores of Dewey Beach.
When snow falls, winter activities like ice skating, ice fishing, and snowmobiling are a hit.
Angler's Paradise
If you are an avid angler, you would be excited to know that Lake Sunapee holds an outstanding stock of game fish. Since 1865, Lake Sunapee commissioners have been working to grow the lake's fish populations.
Anglers have chances to catch salmon, largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, trout, bullhead, whitefish, pickerel, perch, and more!
If you need a boat, Sargents Marina has you covered. The facility offers rentals of all kinds at affordable prices.
Bob's Beacon Marina is the place to go for boat storage or a range of services.
Four public boat launches are located at Mount Sunapee State Park, Georges Mills, Burkhaven, and Blodgett Landing.
Fun Awaits at Sunapee Harbor
Sunapee Harbor is the place to go for a fun-filled evening on the lake. The riverwalk is a great way to explore the charming little town.
The half-mile trail passes over the waterway and features the original town hall, old mill sites, Hames Park, and the Historical Society Museum. Various stores line the harbor for shopping, or you can get a tasty treat at The Quack Shack ice cream shop.
For a unique experience, board Sunapee's MV Kearsarge Steamboat for a two-hour dinner cruise. Enjoy an all-you-can-eat buffet while getting the best views of the lake.
After your cruise, stick around the harbor for free live music. The Ben Mere Bandstand hosts music Wednesdays at 7:00, and Flanders Stage hosts concerts Saturdays at 5:00.
The harbor's Anchorage Restaurant serves meals from lobster and shrimp to wings and burgers. Come to the restaurant at the later hours and enter a nightclub scene of music, drinks, and dancing.
Sightseeing and More
At Lake Sunapee, the opportunities for fun are never-ending. Mount Sunapee State Park, located on the lake's southwestern shore, is a year-round attraction.
The park offers camping, hiking, zip-lining, sky rides to the summit, tree-top obstacle courses, and more. In the winter, the park turns into the area's most popular ski resort. Skiers and snowboarders can choose from dozens of trails. The resort also offers lessons, lodging, dining, and hosts events.
A Premier Paradise
Whether you are on the water, hanging out at the harbor, or exploring Mount Sunapee, Lake Sunapee has an attraction for you. You can see why this lake is the go-to location of New Hampshire.
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All information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed accurate. Such Information being provided is for consumers' personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing.
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This page utilizes third-party mapping services and does not make any warranties or representations about the accuracy or completeness of these services' representations.
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By Annemarie Donkin May 28, 2021
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PHOTO BY GREG DOYLE The CH-47 Chinook helitanker snorkels 3,000 gallons of water from one of 69 Bravo's upgraded 8,000-gallon metal pumpkins that have replaced the 6,000-gallon vinyl/rubber pumpkins. This will increase the immediate "static" capacity of the four pumpkins at 69 bravo from 24,000 gallons to 36,000 gallons, a 50% increase. The helitanker comes online June 15.
The May Town Council meeting was held two days prior to the Palisades Fire incident, a shocking reminder that fire season has its own season: any time it wants. The good news is that the fire has been contained with no loss of life or homes; the CH-47 Chinook helitankers officially arrive on June 15; Canyon crime is down 4.2 percent; and James Grasso of TCEP is the new president of the Canyon SAGES, which has information about Operation Knock, a new sheriffs' emergency assistance program. To keep up with all the local news, Town Council President Carrie Carrier and Vice President Alisa Land Hill co-hosted the May 12 Zoom meeting with reporting from the Sheriffs' Department, CHP, County Fire, and the Canyon SAGES. Topanga Fire Report—In what seems now to be an understatement, LACoFD Acting Chief Drew Smith said, "We have a lot going on," and that was prior to the Palisades Fire. Now that the fire has been contained, Topanga residents still need to know what they must do to protect their homes and community and always be prepared. Chief Smith's caution for everyone in Topanga to "retain situational awareness" is as relevant now, after the fire, as it was before. "Our fire family is in the middle of brush inspections with the new requirement to create a five-foot resistance zone around each home. We also responded to 35 calls with zero fires but 24 medical calls; three service calls, one power line and a gas leak from the same caller; four neighbor disputes; and four snake calls. "We are 10 inches short of normal rainfall," he said. "The fuel gets stressed and even with trees that appear to be healthy, the limbs break. There was a near miss on Greenleaf during an evening walk when, with no warning, a 4,000-pound branch fell across a family of four. Just know when we get into drought conditions, fuels suffer so be careful around large trees." While, thankfully, no one was hurt, it was emotionally traumatic for this family, he said. The upgrade to 69 Bravo Helispot is in the works to change out the orange rubber/vinyl "pumpkins" from 6,000- to 8,000-gallon steel tanks to accommodate the giant Chinook 47 Helitankers. 69 Bravo stores 10,000 gallons of well water onsite in automated self-replenishing tanks, in addition to hookups to fire hydrants and water storage. On June 11 and 12, look to the skies for the Chinook helitankers as they run practice drills, refilling from 69 Bravo and making water drops above the Santa Monica Mountains. The official start date for this "game-changing" firefighting tool, according to fire officials, is June 15. To watch and learn more about the technology these modern-day helitankers carry in addition to water: https://vimeo.com/539307890/19951d2b26. L.A. County Sheriff's April Report—Lost Hills Sheriff's Deputy Michael Cerveny reported there were four incidents in the Canyon. "We had one grand theft of a catalytic converter from an unlocked vehicle; a woodchipper theft from a back yard at the 3900 block of south Old Topanga Canyon; an [attempted] theft from a locked car where they broke the window but took nothing; and a domestic incident with one arrest. Crime is down 4.2% from last year." CHP April Traffic Report—Officer Casey Ramstead of the California Highway Patrol, West Valley Area, reported that for April, there was only one injury vehicle collision on Topanga Canyon's north side and four [vehicle collisions] on the south side with no fatalities and one injury, two more than last year." he said. Officer Ramstead also noted there were lots of complaints about street racing with increasing calls from Topanga. "Topanga is one of the least used roads," he said. "We have more than 100 cars and hundreds of motorcycles taking over the 118, 101 and 405 freeways. In the Canyon, we are tracking them as best we can, but they are getting more sophisticated with legal stuff and they outnumber us. When we take them to the Sheriff's Department, we give them a ticket that counts as an arrest. If they are put into handcuffs, they are detained; if they are put into the car, they are arrested. However, if we are not on the same page as the prosecutors or the court systems, then it is not a true arrest and it's a slap on the hand. Legally, the motorcyclists have been emboldened by the court system and punishments have been greatly reduced. [We are] talking to Sen. [Henry] Stern's office." To report unsafe driving behaviors in Topanga and in the Santa Monica Mountains, please call CHP dispatch at (323) 259-3200. Canyon SAGES Report—Tam Taylor announced that James Grasso, known for his work over the years with TCEP and other volunteer emergency organizations, is the new president of the Canyon SAGES. Taylor said that Grasso had a "baptism by fire" when he obtained a second grant from Southern California Edison to pay for 80 Family Radio Service (FRS) units at $60 each. These were given away to residents "to use for notification when communication is down during an emergency." The Family Radio Service (FRS) is a private, two-way, short-distance voice and data communications service for facilitating family and group activities with small, hand-held radios that are similar to walkie-talkies. Earlier this year, the SAGES received a grant from Edison to do a mailer in Topanga to inform people about Operation Knock, a self-identification program for people who need assistance from the Sheriff's Department during an emergency. For more information: canyonsages.com. Topanga Canyon Town Council was founded by residents in 1977 in response to needs unique to the mountain community and serve as a liaison with Topanga's official governing body, the Los Angeles County Supervisor's Office. topangatowncouncil.org; onetopanga.com; (310) 455-3001.
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By Topic | ENVIRONMENT


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Review by Shaun Langevin, Common Sense Education | Updated January 2018
Engineering game is a blast to play, needs extensive teacher guidance
Subjects & skills
Grades This grade range is based on learning appropriateness and doesn't take into account privacy. It's determined by Common Sense Education, not the product's publisher.
Common Sense says (See details)
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Price: Paid $9.99
Platforms: Linux, Mac, Windows
Pros: Entertaining way to experience a few basic engineering concepts.
Cons: Little is done to teach engineering principles or explain why some bridge designs are superior.
Bottom Line: It's a solid game not designed for education, but in the right hands it could be a great hook for an engineering unit.
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Is It Good for Learning?
Bridge Constructor Portal isn't a game designed for a typical educational setting, but it could be used early in a STEM unit on engineering; students could get a feel for what kinds of bridges tend to be sturdier. Students will likely be highly engaged in the game, as it's quite fun and visually appealing, which would make it a great hook for a unit. Try doing the first few levels as a class or in small groups and share out experiences and designs that proved to be successful. It's important to note that after 15 or so levels the difficulty may become too frustrating for many younger students. There are some levels with turrets that shoot bullets and cause explosions -- nothing too gratuitous, though some teachers may not be comfortable with it. Also be sure to play the first few levels to see how the game's mocking humor sits with you.
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Next Generation Science
Bridge Constructor Portal is an engineering puzzle game available for PC, Mac, and Linux. It's also available as an app for iOS and Android. Fans of Valve's Portal series will instantly recognize the setting of Aperture Science Labs and the return of the sardonically humorous antagonist GLaDOS.
The object of the game is simple: Construct bridges with appropriate supports that allow at least one vehicle to make it to the finish (for an extra challenge, try to design your bridge so that it can support a convoy). The only three building materials are regular supports, roadway, and suspension cables. The cost of materials you use is calculated, but there's no spending limit. Levels become increasingly challenging to solve, eventually involving aspects of the original Portal series: avoiding or knocking over turrets, a gel that changes the friction of the roadway, and of course, portals.
Bridge Constructor Portal is a good game for the typical consumer but a tough fit for the classroom. It would have been better if the developers had provided a little more support for the player at the start of the game, taking advantage of GLaDOS's condescending and funny delivery. Initial levels teach how to play, but they don't offer much explanation for why it's a good idea to build a certain way. There's a Best Practices section with slides that do provide some of this information and give helpful ideas, but students don't necessarily know which context to use them in. It would be great if each of these best practices were broken apart and delivered in a scaffolded way. Most likely, students will build and improve through trial and error -- which can be a valuable learning experience if the teacher stops frequently to have students discuss what's working. With teacher support, students would be able to transfer what they learn in the game to a more robust experience engineering bridges.
To be clear, Bridge Constructor Portal is a fun and worthwhile experience for what it sets out to do as a consumer product -- it simply wasn't designed with education in mind. Students and teachers who play this will need to use some serious problem-solving skills to make it through the game's 60 levels. Also, there's no mode to design your own levels, which would greatly improve the educational value of the game in a classroom setting. Teachers could then assign different conditions and challenges for students to meet, and have students create their own for others to try.
Engagement Is the product stimulating, entertaining, and engrossing? Will kids want to return?
The game has great audiovisuals and well-designed gameplay that students will look forward to playing. Levels will eventually get too challenging for most younger students.
Pedagogy Is learning content seamlessly baked-in, and do kids build conceptual understanding? Is the product adaptable and empowering? Will skills transfer?
This would be a compelling way to begin an engineering unit, but teachers will need to do some planning to facilitate learning. On its own, it has little available to guide students toward intentional designs and lacks a free-build mode.
Support Does the product take into account learners of varying abilities, skill levels, and learning styles? Does it address both struggling and advanced students?
The game gives brief guidance initially, and a Best Practices section provides valuable information, but it's up to students to decide what information they need to use -- if they do at all.
Common Sense Reviewer
Shaun Langevin Technology coordinator
About our ratings and privacy evaluation.
Key Standards Supported
3-5-ETS1-3
Plan and carry out fair tests in which variables are controlled and failure points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved.
MS-ETS1-3
Analyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success.
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CONTINENT CHOP CHOP: climate justice film project on Indiegogo
Nnimmo Bassey with international activist Vandana Shiva
We've launched a crowdfunder so that we can work with poet, author, activist Nnimmo Bassey. To support us click on the CCC logo on the right to go to Indiegogo.
For more information about the project click on the Continent Chop Chop menu.
What is CONTINENT CHOP CHOP?
A new transmedia performance by Virtual Migrants, touring from November 2015. It focuses on climate destruction and how it is linked to global austerity policies and refugees. It currently includes only a short voice-over from Nnimmo Bassey as a part of the story. We've launched a crowdfunder for this climate justice film project on Indiegogo. The new film created in collaboration with Nnimmo Bassey will become a centre-piece of the performance.
June 12, 2014 By koojchuhan
#RefugeeWeek #exhibition "Committed To Represent" at Manchester Central Library by #VirtualMigrants
The "Committed To Represent" exhibition by Virtual Migrants for Greater Manchester Immigration Aid Unit (GMIAU) was exhibited at the youth-led Routes To Roots event on Monday 9th June at the Central Library, for Refugee Month. The event was organised by Team V Manchester to 'celebrate Manchester's cultural diversity and challenge misconceptions around immigration'.
Here are some photos of how it looked:
This exhibition is available for borrowing or hire (if you have available funds), and a speaker can be provided if desired. The panels can be set up to accompany any relevant event or activity involving an audience, or cultural / artistic programme. Please contact virtual migrants via www.virtualmigrants.net or contact GMIAU directly via www.gmiau.org .
More information along with previews of the exhibition are available at http://virtualmigrants.net/committedtorepresent .
www.virtualmigrants.net www.gmiau.org
April 25, 2014 By koojchuhan
Remember Oluwale 45th Anniversary incl #VirtualMigrants performance – Sat 3rd May 2014
45 years since David was found dead in the River Aire. Please help promote and come to our fundraiser for a memorial garden next saturday at Left Bank Leeds 3rd May with Virtual Migrants, Angel Of Youths, DJ SaIQa, Nigerian Community Leeds, street food, stalls, raffle + more.
Remember Oluwale 45th Anniversary Fundraiser – Saturday 3rd May 2014
http://www.rememberoluwale.org/david-oluwale/fundraiser-saturday-3rd-may-2014/
March 5, 2014 By koojchuhan
#Bangladesh and #climate change – 10th March, #Manchester meeting
Manchester hosts an important meeting Monday 10th March on the subjects of climate change, food sovereignty and workers rights. A talk will be given by Badrul Alam, president of the Bangladesh Krishok Federation (the largest peasant federation in Bangladesh). It will be held at the Friends Meeting House, 6 Mount St, from 7pm.
Bangladesh is one of the areas of the world most vulnerable to climate change, sea levels rising faster than the global rate. Badrul Alam, president of the largest peasant federation in Bangladesh, has served on the international leadership of La Via Campesina. He is also a leader of a political organisation in Bangladesh which is a permanent observer to the Fourth International. The BKF are heavily involved in campaigning against climate change. They have organised a series of climate caravans across Bangladesh itself and other parts of Asia. A central part of that work is the promotion of food sovereignty as a sustainable alternative to agribusiness. The BKF were also involved in work around the Rana Plaza disaster in 2013 when an eight-story commercial building collapsed in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, leaving 1,129 dead (one of many events drawing attention to the appalling labour conditions which enable Western clothing companies to make large profits). This meeting is part of a tour that Badrul will be doing across Britain in the first two weeks of March. Organised by www.socialistresistance.org .
Photos of Committed To Represent exhibition at GMIAU's AGM
The full set of photos of the AGM can be viewed on our Flickr site, at:http://www.flickr.com/photos/virtualmigrants/sets/72157640215885753/
Committed To Represent exhibition at GMIAU's AGM
The Committed To Represent exhibition by Virtual Migrants will be shown at the Greater Manchester Immigration Aid Unit's Annual General Meeting on Saturday 25th January 2014. Created by Kooj Chuhan with Ursula Sharma (GMIAU) along with photography by Mazaher, this exhibition celebrates the critical work of legal caseworkers in the difficult lives of refugees. This from GMIAU's news-mail:
GMIAU AGM and Public Meeting Saturday 25th January 2014 2.30pm
Friends Meeting House, 6 Mount Street, Manchester M2 5NS (behind Central Library)
Our exhibition 'Committed To Represent' will be displayed
A number of invited speakers will contribute to the discussions.
Drinks and light refreshments will be available.
We are in very turbulent times. During the past 12 months legal aid has been removed for most immigration cases and the government is 'consulting' on the next set of cuts which will include further restrictions on access to the law, including judicial review and appeals, and the insidious 'residency test'. The Immigration Bill has been introduced and if it get passed as it is it will include duties on landlords and banks to check the immigration status of potential tenants and customers. Immigration will once again be top of the political agenda in the run up to general election in 2015 and none of the public debate about immigration is positive. This makes it even more difficult for the people that GMIAU is here to support and represent – not just in a legal sense but also to stand up against the injustice and discrimination that is the reality of many peoples day to day lives.
We need our supporters more than ever. We need to work together to steer the organisation through these challenging times, to make sure not only that we survive but that we're stronger and louder than before in our defence of access to justice and human rights. Please come and join us on the 25th need to be doing over the next year and beyond to make sure we stay at the forefront of creating a better and more positive contribution to the lives of people in the North West who need immigration legal advice and representation .
October 29, 2013 By koojchuhan
Re-Presenting Refugees: discussion starting points
The discussion focus on 30th Oct 2013 is around representation, definition and mobilisation. Here follows a list of questions which Kooj is using as starting points:
– to what extent do or should the arts practices under a 'refugee' umbrella represent a distinct sector, what are its identifying characteristics and what can this achieve?
– what are the limitations or problems with such initiatives?
– how does such work support and progress wider discussions around support for refugees and human rights?
– the way people seeking refuge are treated continues to move towards tighter restrictions, reduced sympathy and rights, greater destitution, racism and xenophobia. Is art at its limit in being able to influence such developments, or does our game need to change?
– what kind of a sector is it or should it become – a loose movement or an organised set of voices?
– is there a challenge to established modes of practice that such work presents, and in what ways?
– what kinds of practice might be of particular importance in developing such a sector?
– presentation of arts works in relation to refugees can often label themselves and dig their own corner of predictable narratives and styles – which in turn can stereotype themselves. In what ways can arts practices avoid such predictability?
If anyone has any responses to these, feel free to add your comments by clicking on 'reply'.
October 23, 2013 By mayavm
90 Degree Citizen – exhibition and rehearsal snapshots


Injured in the Battle of the Avion during the Great Unrest, Orius was brought by Man-At-Arms™ to Castle Grayskull® where he was healed by the Sorceress®. The magic spell replaced his neck with an ever-expanding mechanical construction made of microscopic nanites. By increasing or decreasing the number of nanites in his body, Orius gained the ability to grow his neck to almost unlimited length. Taking the code name Mekaneck®, he served the royal household as a loyal member of the Masters of the Universe®, using his amazing periscope neck to spy on the evil enemy.


We begin things with what I can only describe as bells but they sound as if they are being used in an accoridion manner. Every time I hear something I've heard before but still am unsure as to what it is exactly I want to study the music that much closely so that I can pinpoint it and say "Ah! That's what that is!" But at the same time I still feel like that takes a lot of the mystery out of the music and I am just not quite ready to do that yet. (Remember when you used to think of music simply as being music and not hearing the bass, drums and guitar seperately?) This goes into some angelic harmonies and then a third sound combines in which almost sounds like singing. When I thought this was a split I had this side pegged as being BBJr. simply because of the way those layers fall into place, but really, that was also based on the fact that I may or may not have ever heard John Boyle before.
A second piece begins with a deep sea cello string feel. It's expanding and growing but not before your eyes, rather before your ears. Chimes come in next and they sound like an early ringtone. A quieter flute sound comes out and turns into distorted waves. The flute is back and it sounds as if it is fighting with Godzilla (or the entrance music of either Awesome Kong or Samoa Joe, depending upon who you know) Words echo as they are spoken between two different people. Reverb waves travel through space to end the side and I'm not going to say that I felt 100% like this was the BBJr. side after listening to it all the way through the first time (Luckily on consequent listens I already had the Bandcamp facts in front of me) but I wouldn't have put it past him to create something like this. Can you sense my frustration over thinking this was a split because it didn't really do me much harm.
On the flip side we have more tingly electronic accordion feels. It could be an electric guitar this time though. But it is mostly existing in the world of treble, no bass. Through the alien-like sound of crystal cubes or perhaps that magic crystal from the He-Man live action film comes what is some sort of version of chamber music. The guitars do that droning wave thing that makes me think of Lost Trail and, yes, this just goes back to the beginning where I stated that I should really learn more about what goes into these songs so as to be better at identifying it in the future but I refuse. Though based upon listening to this side, I'd still say if this was a split BBJr. was Side A and this was John Boyle. It doesn't really matter since this was a collaboration and not a split but wouldn't it be funny if one day, five or ten years from now it was revealed that this secretly was a split? How come no one does stuff like that anymore? (Or have they ever?) Maybe they have and we just don't know about it yet.
In any event, this cassette has made me do exactly what a split cassette should do though as I keep reminding myself, it is not a split. (Can someone get an image for me of that wrestling guy who was all like "It's still real to me" so I can make him say "It's still a split to me"? Thanks) It has furthered my interest in the music of Bob Bucko Jr., who by this point in time should be a household name for you considering you're reading Raised by Gypsies. And it has also made me interested in the music of John Boyle, who according to Discogs also performs under the name Blackalicious. Okay, maybe not, but I'm going to look him up on Discogs now. You add this cassette to your shopping cart because you deserve it.


In October of every year, the Society of Ohio Archivists celebrates the importance of primary source documents in preserving and understanding our national history and cultural heritage. SOA is joined this year by the Ohio Historical Society and the Ohio Historical Records Advisory Board in recognizing the vitality and use of historical materials.
And, every year SOA promotes a specific theme to call attention to historical sources held by repositories in the state, from local libraries and governmental bodies to historical societies and colleges and universities. The theme for 2009 is "Documenting the Path to Freedom: Abolition and Anti-Slavery in Ohio." As in the past couple of years, the Archives & Rare Books Library is participating in Archives Month by selecting relevant rare materials from its holdings to share with the citizens of Ohio.
This year, we chose to highlight two letters: one from Thomas Jefferson to Reverend David Barrow of Kentucky and a petition sent by Barrow in his role as president of the Kentucky Abolition Society to the United States Congress, advocating the setting aside of public lands for emancipated slaves. David Barrow (1753-1819) was a Baptist minister who, along with Carter Tarrant, formed the society in 1808 and it became the voice of abolition in the state, despite never having more than a couple hundred members at any time. The society's stated purposes were to end the slave trade, provide for better treatment of slaves, fight for the abolition of slavery, and provide for the education of freed slaves. In the same year The Kentucky Abolition Society was founded, Barrow published a pamphlet, Involuntary, Unmerited, Perpetual, Absolute, Hereditary Slavery Examined on the Principle of Nature, Reason, Justice, Policy and Scripture, which set forth his own views.
Barrow had apparently written Thomas Jefferson about the abolition of slavery because the Jefferson letter featured here is a reply and thank-you to Barrow. The discovery of the Jefferson and Barrow letters in our holdings is one of those wonderful moments when history comes alive. In 1979, archivist Rick Haas was examining a cache of historical documents that had come to the archives in several old tin bread boxes when he unfolded one packet of papers after another, most of which concerned various aspects of Cincinnati and Hamilton County history. Then, unfolding another one and expecting another list of early settlers or a series of steamboat lading bills, he discovered these documents.
On May 1, 1815, Jefferson wrote to Barrow setting out his own views on the possibility of abolishing slavery, stating that it would require "time, patience and perseverance in the curative process." The other document exhibited here is dated October of 1815 and is a petition sent by the Kentucky Abolition Society to Congress, noting that there are "…vast Tracts of unappropriated Lands within the Boundaries of these United States…" which Congress should see fit to use for emancipated slaves as an asylum. In reading this petition, one can see that the society's proposal in its particulars is not unlike reservations for American Indians.
Our student assistant, Kathleen Forste, scanned and transcribed the documents presented here.
Reverend David Barrow's Petition of the "Kentucky Abolition Society"