Google Home won't bake you cookies, but it sure can help with the process.
Depending on your comfort level in the kitchen, cooking and baking can range anywhere from "fun!" to "can we just order pizza instead?" — but if you're willing to get in there, Google Home can be a useful tool. Here's a handful of tips to let Google Home be an excellent companion in the kitchen.
"set a timer for 10 minutes"
"how much time left on my timer?"
"set another timer for 14 minutes"
"how much time left on my first timer?"
"how much time left on my second timer?"
When a timer is up, you'll get an alert sound — you can tap the top of Google Home, or say "OK Google, stop" to silence the timer.
Google Home is obviously cautious about deleting timers, so it may kick back an apologetic error if it can't identify which of your multiple timers you wanted to delete. Just ask it again more clearly if this happens.
"add eggs to my shopping list"
"what's on my shopping list?"
Items added to your shopping list on Google Home are synced to a list created in your Google Keep account. You can manage or delete the list in Google Keep on your phone or the web, and it'll be recreated if you try to fire up a list again on Google Home. Unfortunately right now Google Home doesn't let you remove items from your shopping list via voice.
"how many ounces in a cup?"
"how many cups in a liter?"
"what's 17 ounces times 2.5?"
"how much does an average lemon weigh?"
"how many calories in an avocado?"
Basically, any type of usual conversion you could type into Google can be handled by Google Home.
"listen to top 40 radio"
"listen to the latest Android Central podcast"
In the Google Home app you can customize which services respond to generic queries such as these, but by default you'll use services from Google. In terms of asking for news, you can also customize in the Home app what sources it includes.
Even when you're listening to music, podcasts or news your Home will still be able to respond to "OK Google" in order to check on your timers or perform another action. Once the action is done, it goes back to playing.
Google Home is constantly expanding its personal knowledge base of basic recipes and cooking methods, but third parties can also now put their own integrations in the system to be addressed by you directly. These specialty interactions are tailored specifically to offering you recipes, and are far more helpful than asking Google Home directly for a recipe. Big names like Food Network are here to offer you recipe help, and others like The Bartender give you access to cocktail recommendations.
You can find the full list of how each of these integrations (and new ones as they arrive) work in the Google Home app, but in general you'll invoke each by first saying "OK Google, talk to Food Network" (for example) to get started. Google Home will then be in the mode of that integration, and can take follow-up questions for you. Food Network, in particular, can display recipes on a TV with a Google Cast support so you don't have to figure these things out via audio.
And in the end, if you want to just give up ... say "OK Google, let me talk to Domino's" and get on with ordering a pizza for delivery.


Just a bit ago I sat down on the sofa with some lunch. When I finished eating I was looking at the stack of books at my feet and thinking about what I need to do to prepare for a seminar I'm leading next week.
The next thing I knew I was reliving something my ex used to do to me on a regular basis. Bang! Just like that, the abuse of yesterday was back in my "today" as fresh as a new experience. Fortunately, Ive been walking this path long enough to know how to deal with it fairly handily and it was a passing blight.
But blight it was, indeed, on an otherwise peaceful day. I'm quite sure he hasn't had a blight on his day today as a result of how he treated me, since he sees no wrong in it. In fact, no higher authority on this earth has found fault with him for it, though one day his Maker will do so, I know.
Do you think that experience is weird? If you do, that is because you have never been a victim. For victims, that experience was standard fare. Of course! That was nothing! PTSD flashbacks are way worse than that! Which I also know because I've had those as well.
The Law of Sowing and Reaping brings consequences that are in balance with causative actions. Supposedly, this is what justice should look like. The Law of Sowing and Reaping was established by God at the dawn of time. It pre-exists the Law of Moses and was not superceded by the Law of Grace. It is a law of nature and of God. It is universal and timeless.
When the church and the law give offenders an easy pass on the consequences of their deeds, they tell God His Law of Sowing and Reaping is no longer valid. Our way is better than His. We know better than God. Back again to the sin of idolatry.
It is too bad that the church and the law cannot so easily erase the consequences of the causative actions left behind in the lives of victims. Those victims will experience those causative actions "fresh as today" again and again and again for the rest of their lives. Do you have the faintest idea what a remarkable insult it is for the church and the law to say an offender should have a minimal sentence?
Do you have any idea what a further insult it is for the church to then suggest to victims that it loves them?
What love is this? Certainly not love as Christ modeled it. He paid the ultimate penalty to provide grace, but then we cheapen it by neglecting to understand that grace does not bypass the Law of Sowing and Reaping.
Causative actions which cause permanent results should carry permanent consequences. Is there forgiveness? Certainly. But forgiveness does not erase the law of sowing and reaping – for either the victim or the offender. It merely releases the victim from bitterness and distance in their relationship with God.
Should the church go beyond the law of the land in adding consequences to the offender? Only within the context of the Word. If the Word would bar someone from being a pastor, then this should be honored. Blameless means blameless means blameless – not blameless for the last 3 months or in this county or in this denomination! If the Word allows for a Mt. 18/I Cor. 5 accountability and then excommunication – then we should see some churches stepping up to the plate to excommunicate some adulterers and abusers.
God's standards of righteousness are not ours to bend to suit our own interpretation. Doing so carries consequences its own. The natural consequences of violating God's standard of righteousness is that the violated no longer trust the church and leave. How can we be surprised when this occurs? How can we continue in denial of this reality?


A green building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier spaces for occupants, as compared to a conventional building. Considering the tremendous benefits that it offers, green building concept is gaining major importance in India. By adopting Green methodologies we would be able to reduce the carbon footprint and would be helping the environment.
Construction industry is one of the major users of the natural resources like cement, sand, rocks, clays and other soils. The ever increasing unit cost of usual ingredients of concrete have forced the construction engineer to think of ways and means of reducing the unit cost of its production. At the same time, increased industrial activity in the core sectors like energy, steel and transportation has been responsible for the production of large amounts like fly ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume and quarry dust with consequent disposal problem.


Tom spent the early part of his career designing electrical systems for large mission critical facilities. The experience taught him to approach a project by understanding a client's business first and then design the MEP systems to support the business.
Tom leads a team of engineers who work on infrastructure, critical facilities, and workplace projects. His team is often assigned to the projects with unusual challenges or complicated problems because of their deep experience and creative thinking.
Tom's most memorable project, the Verizon Data Center, initially started out as a central energy plant but turned into an eco-pod plant, in which the infrastructure was placed in modular containers in an outdoor equipment yard. The complexities and challenges of the project meant creative thinking was a must. And that made the project very memorable.


text:
Woman's Stroke Progressed in ED without Intervention ED capacity may have played a role in triaging, and this can sink the case.
Woman's Stroke Progressed in ED without Intervention
The patient needed to be evaluated by a stroke team and a neurologist promptly to decide whether any treatment was indicated or possible. Triage should be the same whether the ER was empty or overcapacity.
Diagnostic Errors Are Everyone's Problem Are you missing anything?
Diagnostic Errors Are Everyone's Problem
Missed diagnosis occur across all services.
Long Surgery, Consent Faulted in Blindness
By Tom A. Augello, CRICO
Related to: Communication, Cures Act: Opening Notes, Emergency Medicine, Informed Consent, Other Specialties, Surgery, Teamwork Training
William Berry, MD, MPH; CRICO; Cambridge, MA
The following case abstract is based on closed claims in the Harvard system. Names and some details have been changed to mask identities.
A 20-year-old male with insulin dependent diabetes, injured his back on a submerged rock while jumping off a boat dock at a friend's home.
In the ED, the patient was seen by a neurosurgeon and an orthopedic resident. A neurological exam showed upper leg weakness and no reflexes in his lower extremities; X-rays revealed a burst fracture of his lumbar spine at L-4. The resident placed the patient on steroids and had him admitted. Over the next 40 hours, the patient's neurological condition improved, although he had decreased sensation below both knees, and no reflexes in either leg.
The accident was on a Saturday, and by Tuesday morning, the staff surgeon recommended surgery, discussing the risks with the young man and his mother. Risks included nerve and vessel damage, bleeding, infection, and non-union. Neither the surgeon, the patient, nor the record recall a discussion regarding the risk of vision loss.
The surgery started at 1:30 the next afternoon with the patient on his back. The attending orthopedic surgeon (assisted by a general surgery resident) removed part of the vertebra and bone fragments at L-4. Six hours after the operation began, the surgeon prepared for the second stage of the procedure, and the patient was turned face down. The surgeon then mechanically secured the spine, though he elected not to extend the surgery to remove a bone fragment in the spinal cord that was not pressing on any nerve roots. The posterior surgery ended 12 hours after the operation began. The patient lost nine liters of blood, which required administration of 23,000cc of fluid.
Post-op, the attending surgeon left for vacation, and the patient was taken to the ICU and remained intubated. His face was swollen from the fluid replacement and he did not open his eyes for most of the day. Around 7 p.m., the patient complained he couldn't see. When the ICU staff was unable to reach the attending surgeon, they consulted with Ophthalmology and Neurology. Hyperbaric oxygen treatments were discussed. At midnight, another surgeon examined the patient, who was now blind. Testing revealed that damage to the posterior optic nerve—likely caused by the heavy blood loss during the spine surgery.
In addition to the permanent vision loss, the patient also suffered permanent paralysis of the front muscles of his right lower leg, causing foot drop. He sued the attending and resident surgeons, alleging that their decision to complete both stages of the procedure during one operating session was directly responsible for his blindness. The case was mediated and settled for more than a million dollars.
To discuss the patient safety and risk management aspects of this case, we are joined by surgeon William Berry. Dr. Berry is a surgical consultant for CRICO.
Bill, thank you for joining us. What could have improved the informed consent process in this case?
One of the things that's always worth putting in the discussion of the alternatives is not to do anything. To continue with nonmedical and nonsurgical management in a patient is always an alternative. Even if that choice may lead to high risk of morbidity and mortality, it is still a choice. The real reason for the surgery itself was to stabilize the spine and prevent further damage to the spinal cord. Certainly, this surgery could have been delayed. The blindness as a risk of this particular kind of operation, I think first we need to understand that the landscape there has changed some. Because although this is a rare complication, it is a recognized complication of surgery done in patients in the prone position having operations where there is large blood loss, potentially low hematocrits during the surgery, and the time factor is probably important in terms of how often this complication occurs. It is certainly great in magnitude, and people will disclose it as a risk. That kind of counseling obviously isn't going to change an outcome. But if it does happen, the fact that there was a discussion ahead of time probably helps manage the patient's expectations afterwards and maybe will prevent a lawsuit from occurring.
When we look at the operation itself, is there a way to consider what went wrong for the patient, more from a perspective of organizing a system to try to prevent a similar outcome for future patients?
This is a very interesting case because there was a clear opportunity in the middle of the case, there was a natural break when the patient was turned to have the other half of the surgery performed. Half the surgery was done from the front, half the surgery was done from the back. So there was a natural pause built in there, and I don't believe from the way that the record reads anyway that that pause was taken advantage of fully to reflect a little bit about how much the patient had already gone through and was it reasonable to extend the operation for another 4 or 5 hours to try and complete it all in one setting.
The Joint Commission has mandated a time out at the beginning of the operation of every surgical procedure basically, and the reason for this is to give…first it's also a natural break, but it gives everyone on the operating team a chance to pause and reflect to make sure that it's the right patient, the right procedure and the proper operative site that everybody is working on. To me it would make sense to have another formal time out, if you will, in a staged procedure like this that goes on for a considerable period of time. Now, we will never know for sure if they had stopped the procedure halfway through, with the blood loss and the large volume of fluid the patient had received, whether the blindness would have occurred or not. There is just no way of knowing that, but certainly extending the operation and having additional blood loss and a lot more fluid given to the patient was not a positive thing.
When you get into these kind of settings, I think you have to remember the surgeon a lot of times performing an operation, and maybe rightly so, believes that his or her perspectives are the most important perspectives on how a surgery is proceeding, but there are multiple people in the operating theater when surgery is performed, and they also have important perspectives that sometimes, for a bunch of different reasons, aren't really considered. Surgery is a team effort. No surgeon can perform this kind of complex surgery by themselves. They are not experts in getting instruments ready, and they are certainly not an expert in anesthesia when you're standing on the other side of the screen, so the input of everybody on the team is important.
We don't know because that kind of thing doesn't get recorded in a record exactly what kind of communication there was over this patient, and whether they should continue or not between the anesthesiologist and the surgeon, but that kind of communication in these kind of complex cases is absolutely necessary. I think in general we don't do it enough.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


You are looking for bollywood diva Katrina Kaif's Phone Number With Contact Address. This is right place for you. In this post we will provide you the superstar's Katrina Kaif's phone number, contact address, email id, facebook fan page, twitter handle and instagram account with more information.
Katrina Kaif (Born Katrina Turquotte, 16 July 1983) is a British film actress and model known in Indian films for her work. Katrina has appeared primarily as well as Telugu and Malayalam films, in Hindi films. In addition to being one of Bollywood's highest-paid actresses, she is considered one by media of India's most attractive celebrities.
Born in Hong Kong, Katrina Kaif and her family lived in several countries before she moved to London. She received her first modelling later pursued a career as a fashion model and assignment as a teenager. At a fashion show in London, filmmaker Kaizad Gustad spotted Katrina Katrina and decided in Boom (2003) to cast her, a critical and commercial failure. While filming in India, Katrina received modelling assignments and established a successful modelling career.
However, filmmakers were hesitant to cast her due to her poor command of Hindi. After appearing in the Telugu film, Malliswari (2004), Katrina earned commercial success in Bollywood with the romantic comedies Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya? (2005) and Namastey London (2007). She followed with a series of box-office hits, but was criticised for her acting, repetitive roles and inclination to male-dominated films.
Due to security reason, we can't share the personal contact details. Public information are not available yet. We will update it soon.
The year 2012 was been lucky for her as she got the chance to work with all the three Khans in the same year.
At present she is dating with Bollywood heartthrob Ranbir Kapoor and rumors are that them will marry very soon.
Katrina's favourite actors are Leonardo Dicaprio, Johnny Depp, Shahrukh Khan, Hritwick Roshan and Aamir Khan.
She gets up early at 6 am and do yoga to keep herself fit.
He's had an enormous role in my career. There's little doubt this. I price his opinion. however as someone, Salman has had the largest impact on my life. I became friends with him after I was young. And his persona is incredibly robust. If I were to appear back and see his impact on my life, it's been tremendous.
The according reason for his or her breakup was Kaif's increasing closeness to Ranbir Kapoor throughout the motion-picture photography of Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani. though this was denied by Kaif and Kapoor, the character of their relationship was scrutinised by the media as a result of they were thought to be attached others at the time. In August 2013, pictures of Kapoor associated Kaif on vacation in Ibiza were leaked by Stardust; the media understood this as confirmation of an affair. once the looks of the photos, Kaif revealed associate missive to the media spoken language that she was "upset, distressed and invaded" by the breach of privacy. She later acknowledged Kapoor as "an extraordinarily necessary a part of [her] life". In February 2016, the media according that that they had jerky.
Although Kaif doesn't own a house in India, she has bought property in London. As a British subject, she works in India on a visa. Kaif includes a shut relationship together with her family, and also the lack of a father figure in her life has given her a way of responsibility towards them. whereas Kaif's mother is Christian and her father is Muslim, Kaif was mentioned to practise all faiths and says she may be a "firm believer in God". the days of India according in 2009 that she visits Siddhivinayak Temple, Mount Blessed Virgin Church and also the Sufi shrine Dargah Sharif before her films area unit discharged.
Katrina Kaif's performance within the coercion drama big apple (2009) was higher received, earning her a Filmfare Award for Best thespian nomination. once roles in Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani (2009), Raajneeti (2010) and Zindagi metal Milegi Dobara (2011), she received her second Filmfare nomination for her performance in exactly Brother Ki Dulhan (2011). Kaif featured within the thrillers Ek Tha Tiger (2012) and Dhoom three (2013), each of that rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time. Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics for her acting art, she has established herself as a commercially winning thespian of Hindi cinema.
In addition to acting, Kaif is attached her mother's charity and participates in stage shows. She is guarded regarding her personal life, that may be a subject of media scrutiny, as is her background.
Hope this information will help you to stay in touch with the Bollywood diva. Find many more Indian celebrity's contact information like Salman Khan, Shahrukh Khan on this site wikirote.org. Stay connected.


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This was the first (and only for this trip) morning I didn't have to work, so I wanted to walk to a nice breakfast outside the hotel. As I was getting ready, the sudden downpour was disheartening, but it didn't - it couldn't - dissuade me. Yesterday I asked my friend if it's safe to get wet in the rain - or is there a dangerous acid rain problem. He told me an ancient Chinese proverb: if a woman gets wet in the rain, she will be fertile. I asked - what about men? He replied that, after it has been raining for an hour, the acid should be gone and you'll be safe. Just to be on the safe side, I donned my jacket and baseball cap.
I asked the hotel bellman for directions to a brunch place I had visited on my last trip in February. He twice tried to flag me a cab, both times I stopped to explain that I want directions to go on foot. He checked out what I was wearing, and then smiled understandingly "ahhh North Face, he will protect you." I love the Chinese instinct to personify everything. His directions were perfect, but in retrospect perhaps I was 'overprotected' - just the umbrella would've been fine.
After brunch, I asked the same bellman for advice on what to do. From his list: sightseeing bus, art museum, wax museum, Expo, shopping at the knock-off center, the last one piqued my interest. I had been there briefly and wanted to explore further. Changed into lighter clothes, course plotted, away I went.
I did end up buying two pairs of jeans: one high quality knockoff and one lower quality knockoff. Although a great "value" if you consider what I paid for allegedly Armani and Diesel brand jeans, if you consider that they won't last very long - and that I could've bought 1 pair of Gap jeans that would last several years for what I paid for these two, I'm not sure it will pay off. In the meantime, we'll see if anybody is impressed with my soon to be short-lived Armani-ish.
The only easy/painless negotiation was - while I was waiting for my jeans to be hemmed - I popped into a luggage stall to see what the options were. After recent issues getting Samsonite / American Tourister to honor their 10-year warranties, I figured how bad could a fake Samsonite be? Well, the difference is that the zippers on the fake luggage break in the store rather than after several years of use. When I stated I wanted a higher quality product, he said "oh you want Tumi" or "You'll like Samsonite." When everything is an inferior copy, the whole concept of brand=quality is silly. It might have a similar aesthetic design to a known brand, and have copious labels/tags, but that's where the similarity ends.
Although I was curious, I didn't even bother to ask the price, knowing that once you win the negotiation, you're expected to buy it. On my way out, unprovoked, he quoted 180 RMB (about $25) for either of two suitcases I liked. That's about 1/4 the US price, I guess. Will it last 1/4 as long? What's the risk when it breaks mid-trip? Still, the lack of negotiation was refreshing.
As I was leaving the knock-off mall and crossing the street, the man in front of me almost had his "leather" shoulder bag driven over when the shoulder strap broke off. He and his group just kept walking, completely unphased that one of their several new bags needed to be repaired or trashed.
Continued my walk to the Bund and this time I did make it all the way from my hotel to the Bund. Stopped for a beer at The Bund Brewery, then turned around to return. Passed by a group of 3 very friendly 20-something Chinese folks - 2 guys and a lady - who were very inquisitive about what I'm doing in China, how Americans feel about China, what sights I have seen, etc. Initially this caught me off guard as the only Chinese folks who stop me while walking are pairs of 2 young ladies who want to know "where are you going?" "where are you from?" "are you here alone?" These three seemed nice enough - although the ladies were friendly too - so I put myself on alert level yellow. They were on their way to buy tickets to an acrobatic show (two of them are visiting from Xi'an) and wondered if I wanted to join them. I didn't want to see the show, but I was curious about the process. We went into a small room in an unmarked building in a dark alley. We were seated at a table that seats 4 - it had cups kettles and jars of tea leaves on it. After they bought their tickets and I explained I would prefer to see it with my wife and coworkers, they asked if I would like to participate in a tea ceremony. They were going to do it, and besides, I had been wondering what I would do tonight. The tea menu came out and I selected a tea that was listed at 68 RMB (about $10) - seemed reasonable for an interesting experience - and medium-priced compared to my new friends. I was keeping an eye on safety - to make sure nothing is slipped into my tea etc. The tea ceremony itself was neat - there were many traditions explained and fancy flourishes. When the ceremony was over, the server explained that they are only serving tea - this is still a ticket agency mind you - while the expo is in session, and as it's ending soon, they are starting to sell some to take home. I didn't particularly want to take any home, but my friends encouraged me to do so "oh the box is free when you buy the tea!" they excitedly discovered. This was when my guard went up to alert level orange, but I didn't want to rock the boat too much. There was a fair amount of peer pressure from these three friendly folks to buy the tea, so I selected the smallest box of one style we had during the ceremony: "4 beauties" which is comprised of four flowers and it blossoms when hot water is added. Then the bill arrived: between 590-640 RMB per person, mine being the slightly lower side. This included the teas we sampled, the ceremony, a sitting fee, tea snacks (tea-crusted peanuts and pumpkin seeds), and the to-go tea. And no, they don't take credit cards. Again my new "friend" was more than eager to loan me the money until we hit an ATM. Once I had repaid him, I parted their company as quickly and safely as possible. This is one friendship I could not afford.
PHOTO CAPTION: There are so many scam artists on this pedestrian section of East Nanjing Road in Shanghai, I let subtly video roll for just seconds before I captured this one starting to work on me.
So I paid $85 for a small box of tea and a funny story. It's the most I have paid for anything in Shanghai - ever - unless you include business lunch for 3 at the Peninsula Hotel. I walked back to my hotel to complete the loop, a little bit lighter in the pocket and a little bit wiser. I guess it could've been worse. There are stories online of people getting bilked $150 - $500 for these tea ceremony scams.
Now you tell us about Samsonite -- I just bought one of their suitcases because I thought I could trust them to not come apart (for 10 years) while traveling. Hmmmmmm.
I like your alert system! You are wise to have one that works for you.
The street scam episode could have been worse. I am glad you kept an eye on your surroundings. I guess you know the term for being kidnapped into servitude.


Israel's military investigates its use of cluster bombs during the Lebanon war.
But the ground forces did use these munitions.
More than 20 people have been killed and 70 wounded, mostly civilians, by cluster bombs since the end of the 34-day war between Israel and Hezbollah in mid-August.
The usage of cluster bombs by Israeli gunners came to light during an internal military investigation, Israel's Channel 1 television said.
An Israeli military spokesman declined to comment on reports of the use of cluster bombs.
He said Halutz had instructed a senior officer to investigate the findings of an inquiry which looked at "queries" resulting from the military's operations against Hezbollah rocket launching sites in Lebanon. He declined to comment on the nature of the queries.
Cluster bombs burst into bomblets and spread out near the ground. The United Nations has called for a freeze on the use of those bombs in or near populated areas.
A report by London-based Landmine Action said hundreds of thousands of unexploded cluster bomblets still littered the Lebanese countryside. Many of them are reported to be US-made.
The US state department is investigating whether Israel violated US rules in its use of American-made rockets armed with cluster bombs in Lebanon.
Hezbollah, which fired nearly 4,000 rockets into northern Israel, has been accused by human rights groups of using cluster munitions. It has denied the charge.


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Corona beer stops production
Production of Corona beer is being temporarily suspended in Mexico because of the coronavirus pandemic. Grupo Modelo, the company that makes the beer, posted the announcement on Twitter, stating that it's halting production and marketing of its beer because the Mexican government has shuttered non-essential businesses. The Anheuser-Busch Inbev-owned company also makes Modelo and Pacifico […]
October 13 October 13
Safety Concerns Shut Down Indio Elementary School
Sunday night the Desert Sands Unified School District held an emergency meeting to approve a temporary shutdown of James Madison Elementary School in Indio. On Friday a contractor hired to modernize the school found several buildings to be structurally unsound. The buildings include the administration building, library and several modular classrooms. During the meeting, Pam […]
Kitty Alvarado
July 19 July 19
Joshua Tree National Park Still in Recovery: Benefit Concert Scheduled for July
The Joshua Tree National Park is still in recovery mode more than half a year after the government shut-down but the damage-done remains for years to come as local volunteers continue to deal with the aftermath. John Lauretig is a volunteer with the Friens of Joshua Tree, he said the park continues to be very […]
Max Rodriguez
Bill would withhold pay from president, Congress during government shutdowns
Three congressmen introduced a bipartisan bill that would withhold pay from members of Congress and the president during government shutdowns. Reps. Dan Crenshaw, Jared Golden and Max Rose introduced the legislation Tuesday. "This legislation will help prevent the American people from being political pawns for party leaders and help return sanity to the task of […]
'Shutdown angel' pays furloughed cancer patient's medical bills
The government shutdown forced her to have to choose between her rent and her chemotherapy — but an anonymous angel made sure she didn't have to worry about either. Quashawn Latimer went to the hospital earlier this week to undergo her final cancer treatment, and the Maryland mother of three was told something astonishing. "Someone […]
Government shutdown cost economy $11 billion, budget office says
Federal employees went back to work Monday after the longest shutdown in government history — but the economic effects will be felt for a long time. A report released Monday by the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office found that the economy took an $11 billion hit, including $3 billion that's gone forever, in the 35 days that parts of […]
Trump announces short-term deal to end government shutdown with no wall funding
President Donald Trump announced on Friday a short-term deal to temporarily reopen the government, ending the longest closure in U.S. history. The stop-gap agreement with congressional leaders will last three weeks, until Feb. 15, and would allow talks to continue over security and a wall on the southern border. It includes no new money for […]
GOP Measure to End Shutdown Defeated in Senate
President Donald Trump said Thursday that he's leaving the solution to the shutdown in the hands of Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y. "If they come to a reasonable agreement I would support it," the president said. But, Trump said, "I have other alternatives." Trump spoke from the […]


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Are these covers airbag compatible?
Thank you for your inquiry. This item is not Airbag Compatible. You can take a look at https://www.fhgroupauto.com/product/premium-3d-air-mesh-seat-covers-front/ or https://www.fhgroupauto.com/product/premium-fabric-car-seat-cover-full-set/ for Airbag Compatible seat covers similar to these. Enjoy!
I received 2 front seat covers, FB050102Black, for my 2016 Subaru Forester this Christmas. The driver's seat has power control switches on the side of the seat and the seat cover's fabric panel covers all three switches. Can the seat cover's side material be cut out to expose each switch? If so, are scissors used or a razor to cut the holes? .
Thank you for contacting us. We do not recommend to cut holes on the side mesh for the power switches. I have similar item installed on my heated seats, they cover the controls on the side, but since the mesh is stretchy and thin, you are still able to access the controls through the mesh material. I hope this information will help. Thank you.


Time, ever elusive time… – Happily After Retirement!
It's happened again. We manipulated our clocks and tried to sync up with Mama Nature. The mornings are lighter but the days end so much earlier. Leave the house in darkness and leave work in darkness. It happens. It's yearly. It's a new season.
Time. It comes. It goes.
What happens between 'comes and goes' is our life. It's holidays, vacations, workdays, evenings. It's the best of times and yes… the worst of times. It's our attitude toward people, events and the world. It's the smile we wear or the tears we shed.
Time. How are you spending yours?
Great post my friend. Being a night person, I realized I'll be going to work without the sun to greet the start of my day…. I feel somewhat depressed already. Oh well, it was time to let go of Summer….
I was ok with letting go of summer, it was autumn I wanted to hold on to! Time to sting up white lights and burn some candles!
I am spending mine making some art…reading some good books, enjoying this season.
I just read a wonderful book – Let the Great World Spin by Colum McCann and before that One Amazing Thing. Fun, fun!
Amen to finding that wisdom at this time in your life!


Mountain firmoss is found on exposed, windswept cliffs, ridges and summits, usually at high elevations, but occasionally at low elevations on the Maine coast. It sometimes forms hybrids with other firmosses (Huperzia).
grows mainly at low elevations, such as pond shores, boggy openings, and ditches, and has 1 whorl of branches with gemmae at the summit of each year of growth (vs. H. appessa, which grows mainly at high elevations, such as mountain tops, alpine plateaus, and cliff faces, and has multiple whorls of gemmiferous branches each year).
Lycopodium selago L. var. appressum Desv.
Urostachys selago (L.) Herter var. appressus (Desv.) Herter ex Ness.
mountain firmoss. Huperzia appalachiana Beitel & Mickel; H. selago (L.) Schrank & Mart. ssp. appressa (Desv.) D. Löve; Lycopodium selago L. var. appressum Desv.; L. selago L. ssp. appressum (Desv.) Hultén; Urostachys selago (L.) Herter var. appressus (Desv.) Herter ex Ness. • MA, ME, NH, VT; southern New England sites are highly disjunct. Exposed, windswept cliffs, ridges, and summits, often at high elevation, though at low elevation on Mount Desert Island and Isle au Haut, ME. This species was attributed to CT by Haines (2003a), based on the unfinished thesis of Joseph Beitel. However, the specimen, Allen s.n. (GH, image seen!) was annotated to Huperzia selago by Beitel. Therefore, this species is excluded from CT. Shade forms of this species are sometimes confused with the hybrid Huperzia ×josephbeitelii, which is most frequently encountered in alpine areas.
1×2. Huperzia appressa × Huperzia lucidula → Huperzia ×protoporophila A. Haines is a rare hybrid known from MA, ME, NH, VT. It occurs on cliffs and summits and in alpine gullies. In New England, this taxon is abortive-spored (compared with the fertile tetraploid Huperzia porophila (Lloyd & Underwood) Holub of the mid-Atlantic and Midwest states). It has leaf morphology comparable to H. ×buttersii but has somewhat dimorphic trophophylls (as to basal and apical; vs. nearly monomorphic), narrower lateral gemmae leaves (1.2–1.6 mm vs. 1.5–2 mm), and gemmae borne in 1 or 2 pseudowhorls at the apex of each season's growth (vs. always 1 pseudowhorl at the apex of each season's growth).


text:
William Daniel Musser (September 5, 1905 – March 2, 2000) was a Major League Baseball third baseman who played for the Washington Senators in 1932. He played in only one game in his entire career, collecting one hit in two at-bats.

Musser, who was born on September 5, 1905 in Zion, Pennsylvania, played his only game on September 18, 1932 at the age of 27. As a 5'9½", 160 pound athlete who threw right-handed but batted left-handed, Musser didn't get the chance to make a play in the field.

On March 2, 2000, Musser died in Upper Sandusky, Ohio at the age of 94. He was one of the oldest players to die in 2000, behind only Lou Polli (who was 99) and Clyde Sukeforth (who was 98).

References

Major League Baseball third basemen
Washington Senators (1901–1960) players
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
Penn State Nittany Lions baseball players
1905 births
2000 deaths
People from Centre County, Pennsylvania
Albany Senators players
Goldsboro Goldbugs players
Harrisburg Senators players
Richmond Colts players
York White Roses players
Youngstown Buckeyes players

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Inspired by speed bumps, the Bump Mirror invites you to slow down and check yourself before leaving your home or starting your day. Its simple design allows it to create a larger mirror when oriented in a line with other Bump Mirrors.
Details: Made of painted wood and mirror.


I spent last week in Paris with my 12-year-old son, Jacob and some friends. It was a trip I had planned and saved for for more than a year. When you tell people you're going to Paris they cluck with envy and often share personal experiences of their time there. I had been once before– when I was 21 and traveling after studying for a semester in Florence– and I had fond memories of the sights and feel of the city.
The City of Light lived up to my memories and the hype. We had a magical week walking the neighborhoods, wandering through museums, sightseeing, shopping, and of course, eating. If you ask Jacob to name his favorite part of the trip he will certainly say the food. We ate with abandon, but miraculously I think I lost weight. The French eat small portions and don't snack so I guess all the walking balanced out the bread, cheese, and desserts I consumed.
Paris is an epicurean's delight. Everything is so fresh, I don't think we ate any processed food the entire week. I can't say enough about the bread. Every morning, Jacob had a pain chocolat (chocolate croissant) or pain avec jambon et fromage (ham and cheese croissant) and even at the most basic cafe, they were the best we've ever had. Several mornings I walked into a random bakery and ordered a giant baguette that was crunchy on the outside and doughy and warm from the oven on the inside, and cost less than a dollar. C'est magnifique!
–Greens and Gruyere This classic French salad usually comes with walnuts or pine nuts and a light vinaigrette dressing. The rich, gooey gruyere is baked so it's soft and easily spreads over the crunchy toast. Yum!
—Steak Frites This was Jacob's fav for sure. We loved it so much, we visited the famous Le Relais de l'Entrecote twice in a week. There is no menu as they only offer one meal. No-nonsense waiters serve you a green salad with Dijon dressing and two helpings of steak frites with a special green sauce that you can't get anywhere else. Delicious desserts include profiteroles and fruit melbas topped with gelato.
—Falafel in Le Marais. Who knew you could get such terrific Middle Eastern food in urban France? Le Marais is an old neighborhood on the Right Bank that's home to many Jews. The falafel, meatballs, tabouli and hummus at Chez Marianne were a tasty distraction from traditional French fare.
—Crepes Is it wrong that we had crepes four times in a week? I admit to my weakness for the light, thin, buttery pancakes smothered in Nutella and bananas, topped with whipped cream. We also indulged in savory crepes with ingredients from greens and assorted veggies to eggs, ham and cheese. We found the excellent Creperie du Clown on rue des Canettes, but the crepes from street stands were equally scrumptious.
Macarons These melt-in-your-mouth cookies are in pastry shops all over Paris but the famous bakery Laduree is where you want to sample them. Macarons are two light, flaky meringue-like biscuits held together by ganache, buttercream or jelly. They come in a wide variety of flavors from raspberry to pistachio, but my preference is chocolate and cafe.
–-Hot Chocolate at Angelina This fancy cafe on rue de Rivoli, near the Tuileries Gardens, is pricey but worth the splurge for a hot chocolate and pastry break on your way to shop on the Champs-Elysees. Imagine melting the richest dark chocolate bar and drinking it out of a teapot. It's somewhere between hot chocolate and chocolate syrup, and with a dollop of fresh whipped cream, it's sweet bliss.
–-Gelato Paris isn't the only place you can get gelato, but it's one of the best. It must be the all natural ingredients and dense flavor that make this Euro-ice cream so good. Many flock — as we did– to Berthillon on the Ile Saint-Louis for the grande dame of glaces. The chocolate was other-worldly. Don't I look psyched to dig into this raspberry and chocolate cone at Gelateria Amorino on rue de Buci? They shape the gelato into a rose which is almost too pretty to eat…but not quite!
If you have a pleasurable Paris provision to share, please tell me in the comments. Bon appetit!
This entry was posted in Kids and Food, Top 7 Lists, Travel and tagged Amarino gelateria, Angelina in Paris, Berthillon Paris, best cafe near Louvre, best cafe near Tuileries Gardens, best falafel in Paris, best food in Paris, best gelato in Paris, best hot chocolate in Paris, best kids food in Paris, best macaron in Paris, best macarons in Paris, best steak frites in Paris, falafel in Le Marais, favorite foods in Paris, great eats in Paris, greens and gruyere salad, Laduree macarons, Le Relais de l'Entrecote with kids, pain chocolat, Paris with kids, Top 7 Favorite Paris Eats, what is a macaron, what to eat in paris. Bookmark the permalink.
OMG, I am so nostalgic. I lived in Paris for much of my childhood and it's such a dreamy place. And the bread…You can't get that anywhere but in Paris. I used to buy a baguette on my way home from school and eat the whole thing. How wonderful that you went there!
I'm going in September and now I'm even more excited!! Such a great experience/ memory for your son!!!
Some friends? Really? Not even an honorable mention. Even given the total snub, great job, made me hungry for Paris! Sent to Tiff….


text:
District looks for way to maintain school diversity
By Ben Lumpkin
"It's show time. A decision must be made."
When U.S. District Judge William Orrick uttered these words in December 1999, demanding that the San Francisco school district stop taking race into consideration when it assigned students to schools, school board members in Berkeley took notice.
The first public school system in the country to voluntarily desegregate in 1968, Berkeley Unified has long had policies in place to ensure that the racial diversity at each individual school site very nearly approximates the racial diversity of the district's total enrollment; in other words, policies that take race "into consideration" when assigning students to schools.
This is how it came to be, for example, that both Cragmont and Washington elementary schools – schools located in neighborhoods with very different demographics – had student bodies that were 28 percent white in the 1999-2000 school year.
Or how Emerson Elementary school came to have, in that same year, an enrollment that was 42 percent African American and 27 percent white, despite being located at some distance from neighborhoods where African American households are numerous.
Berkeley Unified's latest desegregation policy, put in place in the mid-'90s, assigns students to schools so that the percentage of white, African American and "Other Ethnicity" students at each school comes within 5 percent of matching the districtwide percentages for these categories.
It could be argued that such a policy is illegal. And the argument may be made sooner rather than later.
Catherine James, associate superintendent of support services for the district, said at least one conservative legal group has made inquiries that could indicate it is considering bringing a case against the Berkeley district."We are so outspoken about our desire to have a desegregated district," James said. "We could be a likely target."
Adding to the district's anxieties is the fact that they fall under the jurisdiction of the very U.S. district court where Orrick handed down his 1999 decision. There are differences between the San Francisco district and the Berkeley District of course, but still...
Last spring, anticipating the day when a federal judge said to them: "It's showtime," the district moved to appoint representatives from each of its elementary and middle schools to a Student Assignment Advisory Committee. The committee was charged with beginning to look at alternative student assignment policies that do not take race "into consideration."
But after meeting several times and soliciting public input, the committee reported back to the district late last year with its conclusion: keep the current policy. The committee essentially determined that racial integration of schools is so popular in Berkeley that the district ought to be ready to take a stand in court before it considers changing the policy, James said.
The board didn't exactly agree. So, in a compromise of sorts, the committee has spent the last six months further exploring student assignment policies that could promote diverse schools without explicitly taking race into consideration, while it simultaneously looked at ways to make the district's current policy more legally defensible.
It presented its most recent findings at last week's school board meeting.
The board might base student assignment on student's socio-economic status rather than on race, and achieve a similar diversifying effect, the committee argued. But it could also do so if it found that socio-economic diversity was desirable in and of itself. Any policy whose goal is to maintain racial diversity, whether it does so by use of "racial quotas" or not, is unlikely to stand up in court, according to Advisory Committee Co-chair Derick Miller, incoming president of Berkeley's PTA Council.
Furthermore, there are inherent difficulties in the socio-economic approach, Miller said, such as finding reliable ways to determine students' household income.
In terms of defending the district's current policy, the committee presented statistical information to the board that could begin to make a compelling case that education resources are spread equally among Berkeley schools, and that the quality of education the schools provide is also largely equal.
According to board Director Joaquin Rivera, there are some legal precedents that suggest public school districts can get away with using race in student assignment policies so long as no ethnic group can make the case that it is harmed by such a policy, as might be the case if the policy increased the likelihood that children of a particular ethnicity were assigned to an inferior school.
"In Berkeley, no student in the district would be harmed if he's assigned to 'x' school instead of 'y' school," Rivera said.
In the months ahead, the Student Advisory Assignment Committee will continue to compile statistics related to the "equity" of Berkeley schools, including statistics on student achievement, after school programs, and parent education levels.


text:
Q: What is dynamic programming? What is dynamic programming?
How is it different from recursion, memoization, etc?
I have read the wikipedia article on it, but I still don't really understand it.

A: Dynamic Programming
Definition
Dynamic programming (DP) is a general algorithm design technique for solving
problems with overlapping sub-problems. This technique was invented by American
mathematician "Richard Bellman" in 1950s.
Key Idea
The key idea is to save answers of overlapping smaller sub-problems to avoid recomputation.
Dynamic Programming Properties

*

*An instance is solved using the solutions for smaller instances.

*The solutions for a smaller instance might be needed multiple times,
so store their results in a table.

*Thus each smaller instance is solved only once.

*Additional space is used to save time.

A: I am also very much new to Dynamic Programming (a powerful algorithm for particular type of problems)
In most simple words, just think dynamic programming as a recursive approach with using the previous knowledge
Previous knowledge is what matters here the most, Keep track of the solution of the sub-problems you already have.
Consider this, most basic example for dp from Wikipedia
Finding the fibonacci sequence
function fib(n)   // naive implementation
    if n <=1 return n
    return fib(n − 1) + fib(n − 2)

Lets break down the function call with say n = 5
fib(5)
fib(4) + fib(3)
(fib(3) + fib(2)) + (fib(2) + fib(1))
((fib(2) + fib(1)) + (fib(1) + fib(0))) + ((fib(1) + fib(0)) + fib(1))
(((fib(1) + fib(0)) + fib(1)) + (fib(1) + fib(0))) + ((fib(1) + fib(0)) + fib(1))

In particular, fib(2) was calculated three times from scratch. In larger examples, many more values of fib, or sub-problems, are recalculated, leading to an exponential time algorithm.
Now, lets try it by storing the value we already found out in a data-structure say a Map
var m := map(0 → 0, 1 → 1)
function fib(n)
    if key n is not in map m
        m[n] := fib(n − 1) + fib(n − 2)
    return m[n]

Here we are saving the solution of sub-problems in the map, if we don't have it already. This technique of saving values which we already had calculated is termed as Memoization.
At last, For a problem, first try to find the states (possible sub-problems and try to think of the better recursion approach so that you can use the solution of previous sub-problem into further ones).

A: Dynamic programming is a technique for solving problems with overlapping sub problems.
A dynamic programming algorithm solves every sub problem just once and then
Saves its answer in a table (array).
Avoiding the work of re-computing the answer every time the sub problem is encountered.
The underlying idea of dynamic programming  is:
Avoid calculating the same stuff twice, usually by keeping a table of known results of sub problems.
The seven steps in the development of a dynamic programming algorithm are as follows:

*

*Establish a recursive property that gives the solution to an instance of the problem.

*Develop a recursive algorithm as per recursive property

*See if same instance of the problem is being solved again an again in recursive calls

*Develop a memoized recursive algorithm

*See the pattern in storing the data in the memory

*Convert the memoized recursive algorithm into iterative algorithm

*Optimize the iterative algorithm by using the storage as required (storage optimization)

A: Memoization is the when you store previous results of a function call (a real function always returns the same thing, given the same inputs). It doesn't make a difference for algorithmic complexity before the results are stored.
Recursion is the method of a function calling itself, usually with a smaller dataset. Since most recursive functions can be converted to similar iterative functions, this doesn't make a difference for algorithmic complexity either.
Dynamic programming is the process of solving easier-to-solve sub-problems and building up the answer from that. Most DP algorithms will be in the running times between a Greedy algorithm (if one exists) and an exponential (enumerate all possibilities and find the best one) algorithm.

*

*DP algorithms could be implemented with recursion, but they don't have to be.

*DP algorithms can't be sped up by memoization, since each sub-problem is only ever solved (or the "solve" function called) once.

A: in short  the difference between recursion memoization and Dynamic programming
Dynamic programming as name suggest is using the previous calculated value to dynamically construct the next new solution
Where to apply dynamic programming : If you solution is  based on optimal substructure and overlapping sub problem then in that case using the earlier calculated value will be useful so you do not have to recompute it. It is bottom up approach. Suppose you need to calculate fib(n) in that case all you need to do is add the previous calculated value of fib(n-1) and fib(n-2)
Recursion : Basically subdividing you problem into smaller part to solve it with ease but keep it in mind it does not avoid re computation if we have same value calculated previously in other recursion call.
Memoization : Basically storing the old calculated recursion value in table is known as memoization which will avoid re-computation if its already been calculated by some previous call so any value will be calculated once. So before calculating we check whether this value has already been calculated or not if already calculated then we return the same from table instead of recomputing. It is also top down approach

A: It's an optimization of your algorithm that cuts running time.
While a Greedy Algorithm is usually called naive, because it may run multiple times over the same set of data, Dynamic Programming avoids this pitfall through a deeper understanding of the partial results that must be stored to help build the final solution.
A simple example is traversing a tree or a graph only through the nodes that would contribute with the solution, or putting into a table the solutions that you've found so far so you can avoid traversing the same nodes over and over.
Here's an example of a problem that's suited for dynamic programming, from UVA's online judge: Edit Steps Ladder.
I'm going to make quick briefing of the important part of this problem's analysis, taken from the book Programming Challenges, I suggest you check it out.

Take a good look at that problem, if we define a cost function telling us how far appart two strings are, we have two consider the three natural types of changes:
Substitution - change a single character from pattern "s" to a different character in text "t", such as changing "shot" to "spot".
Insertion - insert a single character into pattern "s" to help it match text "t", such as changing "ago" to "agog".
Deletion - delete a single character from pattern "s" to help it match text "t", such as changing "hour" to "our".
When we set each of this operations to cost one step we define the edit distance between two strings. So how do we compute it?
We can define a recursive algorithm using the observation that the last character in the string must be either matched, substituted, inserted or deleted. Chopping off the characters in the last edit operation leaves a pair operation leaves a pair of smaller strings. Let i and j be the last character of the relevant prefix of and t, respectively. there are three pairs of shorter strings after the last operation, corresponding to the string after a match/substitution, insertion or deletion. If we knew the cost of editing the three pairs of smaller strings, we could decide which option leads to the best solution and choose that option accordingly. We can learn this cost, through the awesome thing that's recursion:
#define MATCH 0 /* enumerated type symbol for match */
#define INSERT 1 /* enumerated type symbol for insert */
#define DELETE 2 /* enumerated type symbol for delete */

int string_compare(char *s, char *t, int i, int j)

{

    int k; /* counter */
    int opt[3]; /* cost of the three options */
    int lowest_cost; /* lowest cost */
    if (i == 0) return(j * indel(' '));
    if (j == 0) return(i * indel(' '));
    opt[MATCH] = string_compare(s,t,i-1,j-1) +
      match(s[i],t[j]);
    opt[INSERT] = string_compare(s,t,i,j-1) +
      indel(t[j]);
    opt[DELETE] = string_compare(s,t,i-1,j) +
      indel(s[i]);
    lowest_cost = opt[MATCH];
    for (k=INSERT; k<=DELETE; k++)
    if (opt[k] < lowest_cost) lowest_cost = opt[k];
    return( lowest_cost );

}

This algorithm is correct, but is also impossibly slow.
Running on our computer, it takes several seconds to compare two 11-character strings, and the computation disappears into never-never land on anything longer.
Why is the algorithm so slow? It takes exponential time because it recomputes values again and again and again. At every position in the string, the recursion branches three ways, meaning it grows at a rate of at least 3^n – indeed, even faster since most of the calls reduce only one of the two indices, not both of them.
So how can we make the algorithm practical? The important observation is that most of these recursive calls are computing things that have already been computed before. How do we know? Well, there can only be |s| · |t| possible unique recursive calls, since there are only that many distinct (i, j) pairs to serve as the parameters of recursive calls.
By storing the values for each of these (i, j) pairs in a table, we can
  avoid recomputing them and just look
  them up as needed.
The table is a two-dimensional matrix m where each of the |s|·|t| cells contains the cost of the optimal solution of this subproblem, as well as a parent pointer explaining how we got to this location:
typedef struct {
int cost; /* cost of reaching this cell */
int parent; /* parent cell */
} cell;

cell m[MAXLEN+1][MAXLEN+1]; /* dynamic programming table */

The dynamic programming version has three differences from the recursive version.
First, it gets its intermediate values using table lookup instead of recursive calls.
**Second,**it updates the parent field of each cell, which will enable us to reconstruct the edit sequence later.
**Third,**Third, it is instrumented using a more general goal cell() function instead of just returning m[|s|][|t|].cost. This will enable us to apply this routine to a wider class of problems.

Here, a very particular analysis of what it takes to gather the most optimal partial results, is what makes the solution a "dynamic" one.
Here's an alternate, full solution to the same problem. It's also a "dynamic" one even though its execution is different. I suggest you check out how efficient the solution is by submitting it to UVA's online judge. I find amazing how such a heavy problem was tackled so efficiently.

A: Dynamic programming is when you use past knowledge to make solving a future problem easier.
A good example is solving the Fibonacci sequence for n=1,000,002.
This will be a very long process, but what if I give you the results for n=1,000,000 and n=1,000,001? Suddenly the problem just became more manageable.
Dynamic programming is used a lot in string problems, such as the string edit problem. You solve a subset(s) of the problem and then use that information to solve the more difficult original problem.
With dynamic programming, you store your results in some sort of table generally. When you need the answer to a problem, you reference the table and see if you already know what it is. If not, you use the data in your table to give yourself a stepping stone towards the answer.
The Cormen Algorithms book has a great chapter about dynamic programming. AND it's free on Google Books! Check it out here.

A: Dynamic programming is a technique used to avoid computing multiple times the same subproblem in a recursive algorithm.
Let's take the simple example of the Fibonacci numbers: finding the n th Fibonacci number defined by
Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2 and F0    = 0, F1 = 1
Recursion
The obvious way to do this is recursive:
def fibonacci(n):
    if n == 0:
        return 0
    if n == 1:
        return 1

    return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)

Dynamic Programming

*

*Top Down - Memoization
The recursion does a lot of unnecessary calculations because a given Fibonacci number will be calculated multiple times. An easy way to improve this is to cache the results:
cache = {}

def fibonacci(n):
    if n == 0:
        return 0
    if n == 1:
        return 1
    if n in cache:
        return cache[n]

    cache[n] = fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)

    return cache[n]

*

*Bottom-Up
A better way to do this is to get rid of the recursion all-together by evaluating the results in the right order:
cache = {}

def fibonacci(n):
    cache[0] = 0
    cache[1] = 1

    for i in range(2, n + 1):
        cache[i] = cache[i - 1] +  cache[i - 2]

    return cache[n]

We can even use constant space and store only the necessary partial results along the way:
def fibonacci(n):
  fi_minus_2 = 0
  fi_minus_1 = 1

  for i in range(2, n + 1):
      fi = fi_minus_1 + fi_minus_2
      fi_minus_1, fi_minus_2 = fi, fi_minus_1

  return fi

*

*How apply dynamic programming?

*

*Find the recursion in the problem.

*Top-down: store the answer for each subproblem in a table to avoid having to recompute them.

*Bottom-up: Find the right order to evaluate the results so that partial results are available when needed.

Dynamic programming generally works for problems that have an inherent left to right order such as strings, trees or integer sequences. If the naive recursive algorithm does not compute the same subproblem multiple times, dynamic programming won't help.
I made a collection of problems to help understand the logic: https://github.com/tristanguigue/dynamic-programing

A: The key bits of dynamic programming are "overlapping sub-problems" and "optimal substructure". These properties of a problem mean that an optimal solution is composed of the optimal solutions to its sub-problems. For instance, shortest path problems exhibit optimal substructure. The shortest path from A to C is the shortest path from A to some node B followed by the shortest path from that node B to C.
In greater detail, to solve a shortest-path problem you will:

*

*find the distances from the starting node to every node touching it (say from A to B and C)

*find the distances from those nodes to the nodes touching them (from B to D and E, and from C to E and F)

*we now know the shortest path from A to E: it is the shortest sum of A-x and x-E for some node x that we have visited (either B or C)

*repeat this process until we reach the final destination node

Because we are working bottom-up, we already have solutions to the sub-problems when it comes time to use them, by memoizing them.
Remember, dynamic programming problems must have both overlapping sub-problems, and optimal substructure. Generating the Fibonacci sequence is not a dynamic programming problem; it utilizes memoization because it has overlapping sub-problems, but it does not have optimal substructure (because there is no optimization problem involved).

A: Here is a simple python code example of Recursive, Top-down, Bottom-up approach for Fibonacci series:
Recursive: O(2n)
def fib_recursive(n):
    if n == 1 or n == 2:
        return 1
    else:
        return fib_recursive(n-1) + fib_recursive(n-2)

print(fib_recursive(40))

Top-down: O(n)  Efficient for larger input
def fib_memoize_or_top_down(n, mem):
    if mem[n] is not 0:
        return mem[n]
    else:
        mem[n] = fib_memoize_or_top_down(n-1, mem) + fib_memoize_or_top_down(n-2, mem)
        return mem[n]

n = 40
mem = [0] * (n+1)
mem[1] = 1
mem[2] = 1
print(fib_memoize_or_top_down(n, mem))

Bottom-up: O(n)  For simplicity and small input sizes
def fib_bottom_up(n):
    mem = [0] * (n+1)
    mem[1] = 1
    mem[2] = 1
    if n == 1 or n == 2:
        return 1

    for i in range(3, n+1):
        mem[i] = mem[i-1] + mem[i-2]

    return mem[n]

print(fib_bottom_up(40))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: HERE Geocoder Autocomplete API matchLevel parameter Is there a way to get results restricted based on matchLevel?
So if we are using geocoding to search for cities, we could use:
matchLevel : 'city'

to get results with only that?
Currently when sending request with query for example "London" we get all kinds of results with  districts, counties, cities. I don't see a way to restrict those results to just city. Using resultType=areas is not enough. For a workaround currently we filter results after the response to show only those with matchLevel=city but we've increased maxresults to get enough to filter from. Is there maybe some beta/hidden parameter we could use?

A: Because it's not possible to do it directly in API, the only solution is in fact filtering results. For anyone in need, this is what I use. You can adjust it to your needs.
request.onload = function () {
    if (request.status >= 200 && request.status < 400) {
        // Success!
        var data = JSON.parse(request.responseText);

        var list = [];
        var total = 0;
        for (var i = 0; i < data.suggestions.length; i++) {
            if (data.suggestions[i].matchLevel == "city" && list.indexOf(data.suggestions[i].address.city + ', ' + data.suggestions[i].address.country) < 0) {
                list.push(data.suggestions[i].address.city + ', ' + data.suggestions[i].address.country);
            }
        }

    }
};


Comments: CARFAX 1-Owner ONLY 4614 Miles! Navigation Moonroof Heated Seats Panoramic Roof Turbo Charged All Wheel Drive CD Player Onboard Communications System Power Liftgate iPod/MP3 Input ACC STOP & GO + ACTIVE DRIVING ASSIST... OPTION PACKAGES LIGHTING PACKAGE Automatic High Beams Adaptive Full LED Lights DRIVING ASSISTANCE PLUS PACKAGE Speed Limit Information Active Driving Assistant lane departure warning forward collision warning pedestrian warning and city collision mitigation Active Blind Spot Detection Surround View DRIVING ASSISTANCE PACKAGE Rear-View Camera Head-Up Display ACC STOP & GO + ACTIVE DRIVING ASSISTANT COLD WEATHER PACKAGE Heated Rear Seats Heated Steering Wheel Retractable Headlight Washers ALUMINUM RUNNING BOARDS TRANSMISSION: 8-SPEED AUTOMATIC W/STEPTRONIC (STD). DISCLAIMER Pricing plus tax tags and $299 dealer processing fee (not required by law). Includes BMW purchase incentives. Some may require financing or leasing through BMW FS. Additional incentives may apply. See Client Advisor for details. We make every effort to confirm the accuracy of information and pricing posted on our website however some information is provided by 3rd party vendors. We are not responsible for typographical errors or omissions.


A and I took a short trip to Cozumel before her school work got insane. Insanity in a PhD program is relative and we aim for the baseline levels when planning our vacations (and our pet sitter's availability - that's actually the first thing we check for). We didn't do a ton of diving but the dives we did were all fantastic.


Aim: Our specific aim was to document the etiologic importance of thrombophilia among patients being evaluated for ocular vascular occlusion (OVO) including retinal vein occlusion (RVO, n=215), retinal artery occlusion (RAO, n=66), and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION, n =21) when compared to 110 healthy normal controls.
Methods: We evaluated familial and acquired thrombophilia in 302 patients referred for evaluation by retinologists, without typical risk factors for ocular thrombosis and/or severe ocular ischemic presentation.
Results: The 215 patients with RVO differed from normal controls for high homocysteine (41/207 [20%] vs 5/107 [5%], p=.0002), high anticardiolipin antibody (ACLA) IgM (19/204 [9%] vs 2/109 [2%], p=.016), high (>150%) Factor VIII (34/188 [18%], vs 7/103 [7%], p=.008), and low free protein S (17/186 [9%] vs 2/96 [2%], p=.025). The 66 patients with RAO differed from the 110 normal controls for high serum homocysteine (13/65 [20%] vs 5/107 [5%], p=.0035), high Factor VIII (16/64 [25%] vs 7/103 [7%], p=.002), and high (>150%) Factor XI (9/64 [14%] vs 3/101 [3%], p=.011). The 21 patients with NAION differed from the 110 normal controls by heterozygosity for the G20210A mutation of the prothrombin gene (4/19 [21%] vs 3/110 [3%], p=.0091).
Conclusions: In patients with OVO, familial and acquired thrombophilia are important etiologies. OVO is a diagnostic window for the presence of familial and acquired thrombophilia, an early warning system relevant for both ocular thrombotic events and for systemic thrombotic events.


The trade show have the ability to be a gold mine for your business, rather it can also you should be a real trap in the event you do not seize the most out using the experience. While far has been made about taking along the authority promotional material, getting ones best location, and incuring plenty of business certificates and other contact important info available, there are 10 secrets tips that is designed to help you get a most out of each of those trade show.
You ought to hire the latest professional performer or if someone operating in your workforce is highly trained at having been a magician, singer, as well even a brand new model folks can load on every little confirm and respond to questions every the the same time. Your company entertainment want to not stay so a good deal of overt as interesting a lot to make people within. If you hire any kind of a professional, possibly be sure customers can answer basic inquires about your new business and simply have another person knowledgeable hover by on the way to take on the a whole lot more difficult factors and simply be in the undertaking if and thus desired.
This implies that making down a set up of parties and opposes that offer simple free samples that will surely have people surrounding this booth. Will have quick contests, raffles, and door incentives that are hands down scheduled throughout the new day so which usually your cubicle becomes some sort of place which unfortunately people really wish to consult. Remember, member of our pitch on the way to generate results in is sustaining people's attention all day time long understanding that demonstrates your good determination.
Taking to make sure you heart they five pointers will acquire you more voluminous crowds and as well as more draws that will surely significantly boost sales and your commerce.


This single-weave basket features a historical photograph entitled Female Students Ironing in Laundry (collection Smithsonian Institution; National Anthropological Archives). Featured in the image are girls from various tribes, standing behind ironing boards and laundry baskets where they are learning a "trade" at the Sherman Riverside Indian Boarding School, CA. Even though this school specialized in agricultural and domestic sciences, it followed the model of the Carlisle Indian Boarding School in PA where the school philosophy was summed up by the phrase "Kill The Indian, Save The Man". It was the goal of these institutions to eliminate all native culture and assimilate these children into white society. Unfortunately, this assimilation plan did not include equal status in the dominant white culture, but rather to create support staff in labor-intensive occupations.
All the woven text is reproduced from the 10-12,000 names of students who attended the Carlisle School; on the exterior, the names fade completely into white but on the interior, the splints are washed in vibrant red. Despite the efforts to annihilate an entire population, Indian people tried to protect what was inherently inside of them.


Paypal is the most well known online wallet. You can use Paypal to send and receive money, pay for online purchases, and even make deposits and withdrawals at some online poker rooms.
Not every online poker room accepts Paypal, but the ones that do make it easy to make deposits and withdrawals. The laws concerning transferring money into and out of poker sites vary and they have a great deal to do with where you can use Paypal.
On this page we explain how Paypal poker sites work, why people in some countries can't use it, and where to find online poker sites that accept Paypal.
Enter your Street Address and Cell Phone information and select that you agree to the terms and conditions of the site.
Now that you have setup your account, you can now receive funds to your account. If you have a friend that already has a PayPal account, you can have them send you money via PayPal by merely using your email address.
Once they have sent you money, PayPal will notify you automatically that you have funds available. You can then use this balance to make payments or make a deposit on an online poker site.
However, to make deposits without an account balance, you must link your debit card, credit card, or bank account.
For credit cards, you can link a Visa, MasterCard, American Express or Discover.
From your PayPal summary page, click on the Wallet link at the top.
Click the "Link a card or bank" link on the page that loads.
Enter the information for the account you've selected and click on Link Card.
Your account is now linked! You now can make payments with PayPal using your linked account.
Once you have setup your PayPal account, it is time to make your deposit at an online poker site. The process is straightforward and can be completed using the following steps.
If you have not already done so, sign up for an account at your preferred PayPal poker site and log in.
Select the Cashier option and click on the link for Deposit.
Under deposit options, select PayPal.
Enter the amount you wish to deposit and click next. Note that some poker sites may redirect you to PayPal first. If so, skip to Step 5.
The poker site will likely redirect you to PayPal. Log in to your PayPal account to access the checkout window for this purchase.
If the amount you wish to deposit is not entered, do so here. Make sure you deposit enough to cover any requirements for welcome or deposit bonuses.
Select which funding method you wish to use. If you do not have a PayPal balance already, you will not be able to choose anything other than your linked account.
Click the submit payment button to finalize your transaction with PayPal.
You will likely be redirected back to the online poker site to finish the transaction. If so, click on the submit button to finalize the purchase. Some places may complete the transaction after you finish at PayPal.
That's it! Since this is an electronic funds transfer, your deposit will be available immediately upon submission.
After a while, you will want to cash out your winnings, and you can quickly do so back to PayPal.
Log in to your online poker account.
Enter the amount you wish to withdraw to Paypal.
Some sites may not retain your PayPal information. If that's the case, you will have to enter the email address used for your PayPal account.
Click submit to begin processing.
That's it! Most sites manually process PayPal payments, so you will likely have to wait 24 to 48 hours for processing. Afterward, the amount will be sent immediately. Once the payment is made, you'll receive an email notification.
Can I Use PayPal From My Mobile?
Absolutely. PayPal has dedicated apps for both iOS and Android devices. Also, you can always log in to the PayPal website from any mobile web browser.
You can also access your account via text message. You can check your balance, send and receive money and more without the need for a mobile app.
Does PayPal charge any fees for sending or receiving money?
There are never any fees to send with PayPal provided that you're sending in your country's currency. If you send funds in another currency, there is typically a fixed fee.
When you cash out, you will be charged a fee. Typically, this fee is 4.4% of the amount received plus a fixed fee for the currency received. For example, if you receive $100 in USD, you will a $4.40 fee + a .30 currency fee.
A full breakdown of fees is available on the PayPal website.
What limits are there on PayPal deposits?
There are few limits to Verified PayPal accounts. Verified accounts can send up to $10,000 per individual transaction. Most online poker sites will cap deposits well below this, typically $5,000.
Once you link an account to your PayPal, you will become Verified. Note that if you don't verify your account, you will only be able to cash out $500 per month from your PayPal account.
Am I Required to Link an Account to Use PayPal?
No. You do not have to link an account to use PayPal. If someone sends you money via PayPal, you can use those funds to make purchases or deposits.
Can I Link a Prepaid Card to PayPal?
Yes! If you have a prepaid card with any of the credit card companies that PayPal accepts, you can link a prepaid card. Many people choose this option for added security.
I hear PayPal has a debit card. Is that true?
It is! PayPal offers a Debit MasterCard that can be used to access funds from your account. Use it to make purchases, withdraw money at ATMs and use it anywhere that MasterCard is accepted. There are no additional fees to use the card.
How do I know my funds and account information is safe?
PayPal uses a high level of data encryption on all transactions to prevent hackers from accessing your information. Also, many purchases are covered by PayPal Purchase Protection.
In addition, PayPal provides fraud protection in the event your account information is ever compromised. For those holding a PayPal debit card, you have the same protections that you would with a standard debit or credit card.
Are there any US sites accepting PayPal?
Presently, the only online poker sites in the United States that accept PayPal payments are those in regulated states. Regulated online poker sites in New Jersey, Delaware and Nevada accept PayPal. Once Pennsylvania sites go online, they will likely accept PayPal as well.


team of designers and developers that create seamless online experiences.
We are large enough to offer you the knowledge and expertise we've gained by servicing Corporate and Government sectors, yet small enough to care. We are not a high volume agency and can assure the clients we work with receive personal dedication and that everything we build is built on site.
We are primarily focused on WordPress development and design. Our team has designed and developed dozens of WordPress websites.


text:
import React from 'react';
import createSvgIcon from './utils/createSvgIcon';

export default createSvgIcon(
  <React.Fragment><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" /><path d="M16 18H6V8h3v4.77L15.98 6 18 8.03 11.15 15H16v3z" /></React.Fragment>
, 'TransitEnterexitOutlined');

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Lovingly cared for family home. There are two small pond that could be stocked and make a fishing spot for children or grandchildren. Enough room to roam on 3+/- acres. Sellers have already had home inspection and a list of repairs will be provided to buyers. Home is wired for back up generator. New heating and a/c still under warranty. Flooring is only 2-3 year old. Brand NEW roof was installed on January 17, 2019. This one is ready to go! Make an appointment to see it soon!


text:
Karsten Stehen Sørensen (born February 1, 1948) is a former Danish handball player who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics.

He played his club handball with Aarhus KFUM. In 1972 he was part of the Denmark men's national handball team which finished thirteenth in the 1972 Olympic tournament. He played two matches and scored five goals.

References

1948 births
Living people
Danish male handball players
Olympic handball players of Denmark
Handball players at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Aarhus


text:
Close to the Wind
An Extraordinary Story of Triumph Over Adversity
Pete Goss
Pete Goss became a national and international hero when he rescued French yachtsman Raphael Dinelli as his boat sank beneath him in the round-the-world single-handed sailing race, the Vendee Globe, on Christmas Day 1996. In doing so Pete scuppered his own chances in the race but was awarded the Legion d'Honneur by France's president and made a friend for life in Dinelli. Close to the Wind is his own story of the race and its dramas, his revolutionary boat, Aqua Quorum, his thoughts and emotions during four months of solitude at sea, the extraordinary surgery that he had to perform on his own elbow and the aftermath of the rescue in the Southern Ocean.
Published: Jun 3, 1999


Let's talk about beauty palettes today! Lately, I have become a HUGE fan of the palette, it's kind of a like a one stop shop for eye shadows, blushes, or the combination palette (eye shadows, blush, bronzer, lip colour). Today, I am sharing some of my absolute fave luxury beauty palettes, I know you will find one that is perfect for you.
First up is the Benefit Cheek A Thon palette! With everything you need from blushes to bronzers, this palette is one stop makeover for your face! From colours like light pink Dandelion, to the bronzer Hoola this palette is a must have. I love the shade of Coralista for the summer, and Rockateur, can be worn anytime of the year with it's rose gold/bronze shade. Cheek A Thon is definitely a great buy and your new radiant cheeks will thank you.
The Stila Perfect Me, Perfect Hue, palette is one stop shop for eyes and cheeks! This palette comes in a few shade options depending on your skin type. This is the light/medium palette, and you can see there are five eyeshadows (the largest pot is an eye lid primer), a blush and a bronzer.
I can not get over how pigmented the eyeshadows are, the colours blend easily, go on smooth, and are just the right neutral shades for any eye colour. The pink blush is lovely, and smooth, and I can't wait to wear this in the fall! The bronzer is perfect for summer, and adds just the right amount of 'glow'. This palette is a fantastic buy and has won a place front and centre in my beauty storage!
The Marc Jacobs Style Eye Con Palette, has seven shades of eye shadows that are chosen around a colour theme. This palette is The Lover, and it is mainly neutrals, and pinks. The shadows in this palette go on easy, and have amazing pigment. There are eight different coloured palettes to choose from in the Marc Jacobs line, and I think I have three of them! Don't let the price scare you because at $70, that works out to about $10 per shadow in the palette.
Smashbox has outdone themselves with this Matte Exposure Palette. I mean look at these shades! This palette has 12 shadows, and 2 primer shades, the best part is.. you can use some of the shadows as an eye liner, or brow powder! This palette has everything you need for eyes, and I can not express enough how lovely the colours are. This palette is definitely a must-have because you can do so much with it.
So who is ready to get makeup shopping? Let me know which of these palettes you'll be buying soon!


text:
Kraljeva Prusija, tudi Poljska Prusija (, ), je bila provinca, ki je bila v skladu z določili Drugega torunjskega miru, s katerim se je končala trinajstletna vojna med Poljsko in Tevtonskim viteškim redom, leta 1466 priključena k Poljski.

Kraljevo Prusijo so sestavljala tri vojvodstva: Pomorjansko, Helminsko in Malborško ter Kneževina Varmija. Na preostalem delu zgodovinske Prusije je bila ustanovljena Kneževina Prusija, odvisna od Poljske.

Viri

 Matthias Weber, ur. Preussen in Ostmitteleuropa: Geschehensgeschichte und Verstehensgeschichte. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2003. ISBN 3-486-56718-7.
 Hans-Jürgen Bömelburg. Zwischen polnischer Ständegesellschaft und preußischem Obrigkeitsstaat : Vom Königlichen Preußen zu Westpreußen (1756–1806), München, 1995, ISBN 3-486-56127-8.
 Karin Friedrich. The Other Prussia : Royal Prussia, Poland and Liberty, 1569–1772, Cambridge, 2000. ISBN 0-521-58335-7.

Zgodovina Poljske
Zgodovina Prusije


Jackass Critics was formed in 2002 by a pair of bored college grads who had internet know-how, opinions on movies, and zero tastes in aesthetics or web design. We started with a mission to purely write about the movies we loved, movies we hated, and hold nothing back. It was our mission then and it's our mission today. Along the way we have picked up a few other reviewing personalities (some have hung on longer than others).
Jackass Critics is open for business, and always interested in reviewing interesting little (or big) films you have on hand. Please contact either of us directly and let us know if you have a film you'd like for us to take a look at.
Matt Fuerst is the master behind the curtain. He is the CEO, CFO, and CTO all rolled into one. Matt is responsible for the site coding and design, plus an occasional review. If you have a complaint about the site take it up with the boss but don't expect much sympathy. If you would like to bestow heaps of praise upon the man responsible for this little Internet treasure trove known shortly as JAC, then go ahead and be the first to "Like" Matt on Facebook. When he isn't munching popcorn, he is cracking noses and kicking knees in Muay Thai tournaments around the Midwest.
Jackass Tom is a long time friend of Matt and helped hatch the idea that was born and named JackassCritics.com. They share a cubicle wall in the Jackass Critics headquarters as well as a love for Fresca and Chewy Spree. On more than one occasion, Tom has proven that gullible is indeed in the dictionary. An accomplished free-style rap artist, Tom is still looking to give Dude Where's My Car? a second chance but hasn't found time in his busy schedule.


You will absolutely fall in LOVE with our super wide neck sweatshirt with bright pink & green print. Represent major cute for the sisterhood when in the gym, dance room, spin cycle or just lounging around. And because of the extremely soft fabric, expect yourself to often times fall asleep in this for sure.


text:
Development of new techniques makes it possible to date Australian Aboriginal rock art
by Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)
Aboriginal rock art from western Arnhem Land depicts style known as Northern Running Figures. Credit: Tristen Jones
A new technique, developed at ANSTO's Centre for Accelerator Science, has made it possible to produce some of the first reliable radiocarbon dates for Australian rock art in a study just published online in The Journal of Archaeological Science Reports.
The approach involved extracting calcium oxalate from a mineral crust growing on the surface of rock art from sites in western Arnhem Land, according to paper co-author research scientist Dr Vladimir Levchenko, an authority on radiocarbon dating using accelerator mass spectrometry.
Levchenko, who supervised the radiocarbon dating, collaborated with lead author of the paper, Ms Tristen Jones, a PhD candidate at the Australian National University (ANU) and co-authors from ANU.
Generally speaking, radiocarbon dating cannot readily be used to date Australian indigenous rock art directly, because it is characterised by the use of ochre, an inorganic mineral pigment that contains no carbon.
The paper authors explain that carbon found in the mineral crusts on the rock surface was most probably was formed by microorganisms.
"These microorganisms are photosynthetic bacteria, like cyanobacteria or algae, which can utilise carbon from the air normally, and are active through wet periods," said Levchenko.
One of the peer review authors who reviewed the paper prior to publication predicted it could become a benchmark for studies of this type as it addressed a complete lack of chromometric data for rock art in Australia and elsewhere.
White mineral coating descending down the rock face. Samples for radiocarbon highlighted. Photo: Tristen Jones. Credit: Daryl Wesley
Another reviewer called it the most significant rock art and dating paper to have been produced in Australia for over 25 years.
The approach has produced an upper and lower limit of dates for a regional art style known as Northern Running Figures (NRF) or Mountford figures, believed to have been produced in Australia during the early to mid-Holocene (10,000 – 6,000 years ago).
The archaeologists suggested the maximum age is likely to be far older.
The limited distribution of the NRF style and its unclear relationship to earlier and later art styles has posed challenges for rock art researchers.
"With the ages we acquired using carbon-14 on our Antares and Star accelerators, we showed effectively that the age ranges hypothesised for the NRF art style are generally correct," said Levchenko.
Jones et al report that the minimum age of the NRF rock art style (based on the oldest sample) is reported to be 9034 – 9402 BP (before present), which also produces a minimum age for other art styles that occur in the 'Middle Period' sequence.
Jones said "the results are exciting as although they generally support the chronology and assumed antiquity for the NRF art style, they provide minimum ages which suggest that the art style is actually a few thousand years older than what was anticipated. They also demonstrate that the art style was painted over a considerably long period. Most excitingly the results also provide the chronometric data to support a Pleistocene antiquity for the earliest known figurative art styles, such as Dynamic Figures, in Arnhem Land."
"The figure depicted in the painting cannot be younger than the growth upon it," explained Levchenko.
Dr Vladimir Levchenko taking micro photographs of the oxalate crust at one of the the sites. Credit: Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)
Although there have been similar approaches in other studies they used only single samples, in our analysis we reported on nine samples from paintings from two Arnhem Land archaeological sites," said Levchenko.
They have overcome problems with an approach first proposed and tested by archaeologist Dr David Watchman in Australia in the 1990s, who tried to do the radiocarbon dating using the bulk of the crust.
"They didn't have the sensitivity of our instruments at that time and they were criticised because the undistinguished bulk could produce wrong ages," said Levchenko.
The authors expect determining the radiocarbon ages using only the calcium oxalate minerals, greatly improves the accuracy.
Microphoto captures crystal growth over the ochre pigment (sample RLL3-1-2). Credit: Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)
"Indigenous Australian rock art is very interesting, it is believed to be among the most ancient in the world but it is one of the least dated," said Levchenko.
The research had the full support of the local Manilakarr Clan estate in western Arnhem Land and is the result of a long term collaboration with Ms Jones and other ANU collaborators with the Njanjma Rangers and the Djabulukgu Association. Senior Traditional Owner for the Manilakarr Clan estate Mr. Alfred Nayingull was a co-author on the paper.
Nuclear techniques reveal longevity of kidney stones
More information: Tristen Jones et al. Radiocarbon age constraints for a Pleistocene–Holocene transition rock art style: The Northern Running Figures of the East Alligator River region, western Arnhem Land, Australia, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports (2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2016.11.016
Journal information: Journal of Archaeological Science
Provided by Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)
Citation: Development of new techniques makes it possible to date Australian Aboriginal rock art (2016, December 7) retrieved 22 January 2022 from https://phys.org/news/2016-12-techniques-date-australian-aboriginal-art.html
Video highlights research on Aboriginal rock art
Archaeologist finds oldest rock art in Australia
New technology for dating ancient rock paintings
Fossilised remains of Ice Age top predator dated with radiocarbon
Australia's earliest contact rock art discovered
Oldest known drinking straws identified
Tracing the origins of plants in West African cuisine
Archaeologists discover ancient highways in Arabia
Mix of beer-like drink with psychotropics suggests Wari elites used drugs for political advantage
Neolithic cattle site could change understanding of what beef meant to people of Ireland


text:
Eco-Chic Bags for Greener Eating
By Cari Martens June 2, 2009 1:35 pm
By Cari Martens	| June 2, 2009 1:35 pm
People who are trying to go green may want to take note of some new reusable sandwich and snack bags now on the market.
Touted as the eco-friendly alternative to regular plastic bags, the Fresh Snack Pack bags come in two sizes—sandwich and snack—and are made from PVC-free, non-toxic plastic. They offer an easy-to-open Velcro closure and can be unfolded for use as placemats or plates.
Fresh Snack Packs were invented by Crystal Figlietti, a mother of three who wanted to send her kids off to school with freshly-made sandwiches packed in eco-friendlier containers.
The sandwich size packs are $5.50 each, and the snack size is priced at $4.50.
We found them at the cool website, Cool Hunting.