text:
People react to news that Coco's Bistro got a team of public employees to haul off roughly 16 dump trucks full of brush, trash and construction materials from their property at no charge.
City cleans up private property for Coco's Bistro owner
Josh Sweigart, Staff Writer
With a phone call to the city of Dayton, the owners of Coco's Bistro got a team of public employees to haul off roughly 16 dump trucks full of brush, trash and construction materials from their property at no charge, a Dayton Daily News investigation found.
The property owners and city officials say it was a neighborhood cleanup. Neighbors say they were never invited to take part and city officials admit it got out of hand.
"I pay taxes. They're not going to haul it off for me, why should they be hauling it off for somebody else?" said Don Neeley, owner of Neeley's Auto Shop, which is next to the property being cleaned up on E. Lincoln Street across from the restaurant's parking lot.
Coco's co-owner Karen Wick-Gagnet said her family put a lot of time and effort into fixing up the property around the restaurant since purchasing much of it this summer. Wick-Gagnet and her husband live next to the restaurant, and they are renovating other houses there for her stepson and stepdaughter.
"I'm not doing anything underhanded and I'm not doing anything bad," she said. "We're taking an area that's been neglected for a very long time and cleaning it up."
She said in addition to their property, they cleaned up brush and trash from neighboring city-owned and abandoned lots. She said she's also asked the city to haul off things such as televisions and couches in alleyways.
"We live here, we work here. As far as truly being invested in the city we're about as invested as you can get," she said.
City Public Works Director Fred Stovall said the Coco's owners called city Street Maintenance Supervisor Jim Brinegar directly and asked for the cleanup; he stressed it was for their residential property, not their business. Brinegar OK'd it, and the city hauled off roughly eight truckloads of trash.
Last Wednesday, the crew came back for another pile. At least five city workers were at the site, along with two city dump trucks and a city front-loader, which was scooping up blocks of concrete.
Stovall said city workers hauled away another eight truckloads that day, but he put a stop to it when contacted by the Daily News. He estimates the roughly 16 truckloads at two cleanups cost the city about $2,600.
"Basically what they've been doing is cleaning up these abandoned properties they bought. Basically we're trying to work with them like we do with other neighborhood groups," Stovall said. "This may have gotten out of hand a little bit because I think they created pretty big piles. And I guess it was more than we anticipated."
The private company Dayton Dumpster Rental charges between $380 for use of a 12-cubic-yard dumpster and $520 for a 40-cubic-yard dumpster. That includes disposal, but not equipment or staff to load the dumpster.
Stovall said homeowners are generally limited to one bulk pickup per month through the city's waste collection department, limited to a 4-foot by 8-foot pile.
But this was a "neighborhood cleanup" he said, which the street maintenance department does for other neighborhood groups several times a year, though "I think they went beyond the scope of what we normally do."
Neither bulk pickups or cleanups, for example, are allowed to include construction debris or concrete, as this cleanup did.
The street maintenance department has 82 employees and a nearly $10 million budget to maintain streets, parks and abandoned properties in the city's roughly 52 square miles.
The recent experience of Tyrone Tarr of east Dayton has been notably different than that of the Coco's owners. Tarr said he has called the city numerous times in recent years trying to get it to clean up trash dumped in alleys around his house.
"In the neighborhood I live in, if you don't have a mattress or a commode in your yard, you're not living," he said.
Tarr routinely calls to have stuff removed from vacant properties, and said pickup normally takes four to six weeks, if the city responds at all.
"It's trash I'm trying to clean up," he said. "If that man is remodeling his house, he should be taking it himself, not using our tax dollars to do it for them."
Coco's relocated from Wayne Avenue to Warren Street last year, with help from city commissioners who approved a $75,000, interest-free loan through CityWide Development. Coco's owners spent an estimated $787,000 on the renovation, which gave it more space and allowed it to hire more employees, according to loan documents.
They purchased three lots on Pulaski Street in July and August for a total of $30,997, according to county records, and have begun renovation.
Neeley provided photos of materials from one of the houses being dumped on the pile and said cars driving into his auto shop have ran over nails that had been dumped there.
Wick-Gagnet said the lot where the debris was being dumped, which they own, will be turned into a "beautiful" parking lot that utilizes green technology.
"We've invested over a million dollars into this project, in this neighborhood, in this block," she said, though she believes the city would do the same for anyone. "I feel 100 percent that our city leaders, our commission would back them up on anything.
"We are just into stabilizing the neighborhood."
Neeley and Ed Tharp, who lives in Dayton and works at Neeley's garage, appreciate the work Gagnet-Wick's family have done to improve the area.
"They're improving the neighborhood. That's great, but fair is fair," Tharp said. "They don't do it for me. I can't buy a place and have the city come tear it down and haul it off."
Dayton's bulk pickup/cleanup policy
Individuals can schedule a bulk pickup, and neighborhood groups can schedule neighborhood cleanups by calling (937) 333-4800. A few guidelines apply, including:
The city picks up bulk waste on Fridays once a month in each neighborhood.
Metal items must be separated from other bulk items and refrigerator doors must be removed.
The city cannot pick up concrete, rocks, brick blocks, sand, gravel or hazardous waste.
Loose and small items must be securely bundled.
Yard waste must be tied into bundles not larger than 4 feet long and 18 inches in diameter.
The city cannot pick up grass clippings.
Bundles are limited to 25 pounds each.
Source: City of Dayton


Today former Rutgers University student Dharun Ravi, 20, was found guilty of invasion of privacy and bias intimidation for using a web cam to tape his rommate, Tyler Clementi during a private intimate moment with another man in the room that they shared. The guilty verdict was announced today in a New Brunswick, New Jersey courtroom.
Dharun Ravi showed the video to his friends and even publicized the second taping on his twitter account. Unfortunately, due to the embarrassment and posting of the video on twitter by Ravi, Clementi jumped to his death days later off the George Washington Bridge. Due to Dharun's actions, he could serve up to 10 years in a state prison. Even though most of his family is here in the U.S., he may also face deportation back to his native country, India. He will be sentenced on May 21, 2012.
Ravi committed this act was he was only 18, which makes him an adult, no matter how childish his actions were. He made a choice to embarrass his gay roommate for his own amusement and maybe, even an attempt to get praise from his friends. I'm sure he didn't know his taping would lead to the death of his roommate, but he had to know it would cause his pain and embarrassment. I also see the friends of Dharun Ravi responsible, too, because they viewed the video. Some even helped to set-up the web cam. Most importantly, they stood by and did nothing to stop the taping or to report the taping.
I hope this case serves as a cautionary tale of what not to do when using online technology and social media. Many teens and young adult try to gain popularity by "shaming" others who they perceive as different, strange or weird without considering the "legal" consequences of their actions. If you are upset with someone, think about this case before you send out that tweet, text or email.
Thanks, Leslie! I like your pregnancy pics. I'm preggo, too. This is number two for me. Congrats!
Congress Ravi I hope you are a nice man, who can make their life best.


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The Hurro-Urartian languages are an extinct language family of the Ancient Near East, comprising only two known languages: Hurrian and Urartian.

Origins
It is often assumed that the Hurro-Urartian languages (or a pre-split Proto-Hurro-Urartian language) were originally spoken in the Kura-Araxes culture.

External classification
While the genetic relation between Hurrian and Urartian is undisputed, the wider connections of Hurro-Urartian to other language families are controversial. After the decipherment of Hurrian and Urartian inscriptions and documents in the 19th and early 20th century, Hurrian and Urartian were soon recognized as not related to the Semitic nor to the Indo-European languages, and to date, the most conservative view holds that Hurro-Urartian is a primary language family not demonstrably related to any other language family.

Early proposals for an external genetic relationship of Hurro-Urartian variously grouped them with the Kartvelian languages, Elamite, and other non-Semitic and non-Indo-European languages of the region.

Igor Diakonoff and Sergei Starostin suggested that Hurro-Urartian can be included as a branch of the Northeastern Caucasian language family, the latter dubbed Alarodian languages by Diakonoff. Several studies argue that the connection is probable. Other scholars, however, doubt that the language families are related, or believe that, while a connection is possible, the evidence is far from conclusive. Uralicist and Indo-Europeanist Petri Kallio argues that the matter is hindered by the lack of consensus about how to reconstruct Proto-Northeast-Caucasian, but that Alarodian is the most promising proposal for relations with Northeast Caucasian, greater than rival proposals to link it with Northwest Caucasian or other families. However, nothing is known about Alarodians except that they "were armed like the Colchians and Saspeires," according to Herodotus. Colchians and Saspeires are generally associated with Kartvelians or Scythians. Additionally, leading Urartologist Paul Zimansky rejected a connection between Urartians and Alarodians.

Arnaud Fournet and Allan R. Bomhard argue that Hurro-Urartian is a sister family to Indo-European.

The poorly attested Kassite language may have belonged to the Hurro-Urartian language family.

Contacts with other languages
Hurrian was the language of the Hurrians (occasionally called "Hurrites"), and was spoken in the northern parts of Mesopotamia and Syria and the southeastern parts of Anatolia between at least last quarter of the third millennium BC and its extinction towards the end of the second millennium BC. There have been various Hurrian-speaking states, of which the most prominent one was the kingdom of Mitanni (1450–1270 BC). It has also been proposed that two little known groups, the Nairi and the Mannae, might have been Hurrian speakers, but as little is known about them, it is hard to draw any conclusions about what languages they spoke. Furthermore, the Kassite language was possibly related to Hurro-Urartian. Francfort and Tremblay on the basis of the Akkadian textual and archaeological evidence, proposed to identify the kingdom of Marhashi and Ancient Margiana. The Marhashite personal names seems to point towards an Eastern variant of Hurrian or another language of the Hurro-Urartian language family.

There was also a strong Hurrian influence on Hittite culture in ancient times, so many Hurrian texts are preserved from Hittite political centres. The Mitanni variety is chiefly known from the so-called "Mitanni letter" from Hurrian Tushratta to pharaoh Amenhotep III surviving in the Amarna archives. The "Old Hurrian" variety is known from some early royal inscriptions and from religious and literary texts, especially from Hittite centres.

Urartian is attested from the late 9th century BC to the late 7th century BC as the official written language of the state of Urartu and was probably spoken by the majority of the population in the mountainous areas around Lake Van and the upper Zab valley. It branched off from Hurrian at approximately the beginning of the second millennium BC. Scholars, such as Paul Zimansky, contend that Urartian was only spoken by a small ruling class and was not the primary language of the majority of the population.

Although Hurro-Urartian languages became extinct with the collapse of the Urartu empire, Diakonoff and Greppin suggested that traces of its vocabulary survived in a small number of loanwords in Old Armenian. More recent scholarship by Arnaud Fournet, Hrach Martirosyan, Armen Petrosyan, and others has proposed more extensive contacts between the languages, including vocabulary, grammar, parts of speech, and proper nouns loaned into from Armenian, such as Urartian "eue" ("and"), attested in the earliest Urartian texts (compare to Armenian "yev" (և, եվ), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi). Other loans from Armenian into Urartian includes personal names, toponyms, and names of deities.

There are some lexical matches between Hurro-Urartian and Sumerian, indicating an early contact.

Characteristics
Besides their fairly consistent ergative alignment and their generally agglutinative morphology (despite a number of not entirely predictable morpheme mergers), Hurrian and Urartian are also both characterized by the use of suffixes in their derivational and inflectional morphology (including ten to fifteen grammatical cases) and postpositions in syntax; both are considered to have the default order subject–object–verb, although there is significant variation, especially in Urartian. In both languages, nouns can receive a peculiar "anaphoric suffix" comparable (albeit apparently not identical) to a definite article, and nominal modifiers are marked by Suffixaufnahme (i.e. they receive a "copy" of the case suffixes of the head); in verbs, the type of valency (intransitive vs transitive) is signalled by a special suffix, the so-called "class marker". The complex morpheme "chains" of nouns and verbs follow roughly the same morpheme sequences in both languages. In nouns, the sequence in both languages is stem – article – possessive suffix – plural suffix – case suffix – agreement (Suffixaufnahme) suffix. In verbs, the portion of the structure shared by both languages is stem – valency marker – person suffixes. Most morphemes have fairly similar phonological forms in the two languages.

Despite this structural similarity, there are also significant differences. In the phonology, written Hurrian only seems to distinguish a single series of phonemic obstruents without any contrastive phonation distinctions (the variation in voicing, though visible in the script, was allophonic); in contrast, written Urartian distinguishes as many as three series: voiced, voiceless and "emphatic" (perhaps glottalized). Urartian is also characterized by the apparent reduction of some word-final vowels to schwa (e.g. Urartian ulə vs Hurrian oli "another", Urartian eurišə vs Hurrian evrišše "lordship", Hurrian 3rd person plural enclitic pronoun -lla vs Urartian -lə). As the last two examples shows, the Hurrian geminates are also absent in Urartian.

In the morphology, there are differences as well. Hurrian indicates the plural of nouns through a special suffix -až-, which only survives in fossilized form merged into some case endings in Urartian. Hurrian clearly marks tense or aspect through special suffixes (the unmarked form is the present tense) whereas Urartian has not been shown to do so in the attested texts (the unmarked form functions as a past tense). Hurrian has special negative verbal suffixes that negate a verb and are placed before the ergative person agreement suffixes; Urartian has no such thing and instead uses negative particles that are placed before the verb. In Hurrian, only the person of the ergative subject is marked obligatorily through a suffix in a verb form, whereas the absolutive subject or object is optionally marked with a pronominal enclitic that need not be attached to the verb and can also be attached to any other word in the clause. In Urartian, the ergative suffixes and the absolutive clitics have merged into a single set of obligatory suffixes that express the person of both the ergative and the absolutive participant and are an integral part of the verb. In general, the profusion of freely moving pronominal and conjunctional clitics that characterize Hurrian, especially that of the Mitanni letter, has few parallels in Urartian.

Urartian is closer to the so-called Old Hurrian variety (mostly attested in Hittite documents) than to the Hurrian of the Mitanni letter. For example, both use -o-/-u- (rather than -i-) as the marker of transitive valency and both display the plural suffix -it-, expressing the number of the ergative subject and occupying a position before the valency marker.

Cognates
Below are some Hurrian and Urartian lexical cognates, as listed by Kassian (2010).

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! gloss !! Hurrian !! Urartian
|-
| all || šua=lla || šui=ni-
|-
| to burn (tr.) || am- || am-
|-
| come || un- || nun=a-
|-
| to give || ar- || ar-
|-
| hand || šu=ni || šu-
|-
| to hear || haš- || haš-
|-
| heart || tiša || tiš=ni
|-
| I || iš-/šu- || iš-/šu-
|-
| mountain || pab=ni || baba=ni
|-
| name || tiye || ti=ni
|-
| new || šuhe || šuhi
|-
| not || =u || u=i, =u=ri
|-
| one || šu=kki || šu=sini
|-
| road || hari || hari
|-
| to go || ušš- || uš-
|-
| year || šawali || šali
|}

References

Further reading
 Fournet, Arnaud. 2013. "Eléments De Morphologie Et De Syntaxe De La Langue Hourrite. Destinés à l'étude Des Textes Mittaniens Et Anatolo-Hittites". In: Bulletin De l'Académie Belge Pour l'Étude Des Langues Anciennes Et Orientales 2 (avril), pp. 3–52. https://doi.org/10.14428/babelao.vol2.2013.19843.
 Khachikyan, Margarit (2019). "Towards the Reconstruction of the Hurro-Urartian Protolanguage." In: Over the Mountains and Far Away: Studies in Near Eastern History and Archaeology Presented to Mirjo Salvini on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday, edited by Avetisyan Pavel S., Dan Roberto, and Grekyan Yervand H. Summertown: Archaeopress. 304-06..

External links

Comparative Notes on Hurro-Urartian, Northern Caucasian and Indo-European

Pre-Indo-Europeans
Language families
Cuneiform

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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