text:
How insects bioinspire us to innovate
Parent Led Enrichment – UMS – 2013
January 17, 2014 by cotesia1
The insect cuticle: (2) hierarchical structure
This post is part of a series on the insect cuticle as a biological material that can inspire novel engineered materials. The characteristics of the cuticle, setting it apart from most synthetic/engineered materials, will be discussed in this series. The introduction to the series can be found here.
Structural hierarchy, and thus strength, is intrinsic
The insect cuticle can have great strength and flexibility, much greater than if it were just made up of stacked sheets of chitin and protein. The cuticle also exhibits energy absorption properties. This is all due to its ingenious structure. It has a complex hierarchical micro-architecture that spans multiple length scales from the nanoscale to the macroscale, which exhibit a remarkable combination of stiffness, ability for crack deflection, low weight and strength. The cuticle's special self-assembly characteristics, as those of other biological materials, have attracted interest from materials scientists for the development of laminated composite materials and from bioengineers interested in molecular scale self-assembly.
Many biological materials exhibit structural hierarchy, and some have been studied in more detail than insect cuticle: nacre (mother-of-pearl) and bone. There is often hierarchy within hierarchy, at the nano-, micro-, all the way to the meso-level. Hierarchical structure is primarily due to the outcome of developmental pathways of biological systems that create the material. Having hierarchy within a biological material is intrinsic. The only forces acting during material synthesis are intermolecular, and are thus very weak and work on only a short range.
This can result in very beneficial properties.
areas and layers that are softer than the rest can greatly affect the failure properties of a material because these interfaces can stop cracks, or divert them.
The hierarchical material's microstructures can exhibit dramatic increases in compressive strength compared with that of solids of similar density with conventional structure.
Since human-made materials are often made using a top down approach, by forcing structure and shape onto a material, we do not often see structural hierarchies in engineered materials, or only to a limited extend.
Characteristic figure from "Insects Did It 1st" book by Akre, Paulson and Catts. This illustration by E. Paul Catts accompanied the chapter on plywood/cuticle. Plywood is a human-made material that is layered – if not quite in a hierarchical manner.
The mechanical properties of biological materials, such as the insect cuticle, may give insights into the design of more advanced engineered composites.
Meso-level hierarchy
Strictly speaking the insect's integument is comprised of the epidermal cell layer (epidermis) and the cuticle. The Integument itself is build upon a basement membrane (basal lamina).
The insect integument. Let's call this meso-level hierarchy. The integument is comprised of an epidermal cell layer and cuticle, all on top of basement membrane. (Drawing by Marianne Alleyne)
The basement membrane is only 0.5 μm thick and separates the epidermal cells from the circulating hemolymph (=insect blood). The membrane can some proteins through, and nerves and trachea also penetrate it, but when this membrane gets breached alarm bells go off in the insect's body. Often an immune response is mounted by blood cells in response to the breach and the epidermal cells will help prepare it.
The epidermis is comprised of living cells arranged in a single layer. The cells can be modified into structures such as dermal glands and sensory receptors.
The cuticle is secreted by the epidermal cells and can be incredibly thin (e.g. larval endoparasitoids) or incredibly thick (e.g. adult rhinoceros beetles). The cuticle is non-living. It lines the external surface of the body as well as the lining of the trachea and the anterior and posterior sections of the alimentary canal and even parts of the reproductive system. This means that often even these structures undergo a re-lining during a molt.
Meso/Micro-level hierarchy
Several horizontal divisions of the cuticle are obvious, when using an electron microscope, giving the cuticle at this micro/meso-level also a hierarchical structure. These divisions came about because the sublayers were produced in a certain sequence.
The meso/micro-level hierarchy of the insect integument. The cuticle is comprised of the epicuticle and procuticle. The procuticle is in turn subdivided into the endo-, meso- and exocuticle. (Drawing by Marianne Alleyne)
There is a thick inner PROCUTICLE. This is the only layer that contains chitin, it also contains proteins. As the molting cycle progresses the procuticle becomes horizontally subdivided.
a) Exocuticle – Is the first portion of procuticle to become synthesized, and then is pushed outward and becomes the outer layer of the procuticle. Contains heavily cross-linked (insoluble) proteins and chitin. This layer cannot be reused and is shed during the molt.
b) Endocuticle – This layer is formed just above the epidermis. Consists of several lamellar layers of protein and chitin. In soft-bodied insects and in areas of flexibility it is this layer that comprises most of the cuticle. It is flexible because there is little cross-linking of proteins. It can also be reabsorbed.
c) Mesocuticle – This layer cannot always be identified. It appears to be a transitional layer. Proteins are yet untanned (like endocuticle) but impregnated with lipids and proteins (like exocuticle), may also contain chitin.
Thin outer EPICUTICLE consists of several layers, which are produced by the epidermal cells and dermal glands. This layer does not contain chitin. Since it is only 1 to 4 um thick it has been incredibly difficult to study. It is lipids in the wax layer on top of the epicuticle that play protective and communicative roles in the life of insects.
Nano/Micro-level hierarchy
The cuticle is a composite consisting of chitin fibers within proteinaceous matrix, all arranged in a layered structure. Several horizontal divisions can be observed. Each layer (or lamina) consists of a layer of parallel chitin chains but the laminae are stacked in such a way that the chitin molecules are arranged in an antiparallel manner.
So what does this mean? Lets see if we can build a cuticle graphically from the nano- to micro-scale.
Chitin is one of the two major components of the procuticle, it can make up almost half of the total dry weight of the cuticle – but it probably most likely to be less than 20% for some of the most familiar insects, such as caterpillars. Chitin is a very stable molecule: insoluble in water, dilute acids, concentrated alkali, alcohol, and organic solvents. These features make the molecule a great biological building block, but very difficult to study. Proteins are the other major component of the insect cuticle. It is the interaction between proteins and chitin that provides the mechanical function of the cuticle – giving it strength. (In the future I will come back to interesting proteins, such as resilin.)
Chitin is very similar to cellulose. It is an acetylated polysaccharide. A ribbon-like chitin chain is created when N-acetyl-D-glucosamines and glucosamines link together.
A portion of a chitin chain. In most insect cuticles these chains are arranged in an anti-parallel manner.
Adjacent chains of chitin are linked together through hydrogen bonds. Most commonly the orientation of the chitin chains relative to each other is anti-parallel. This arrangement (already at this nano-level hierarchical scale) allows for tighter packaging and contributes to the strength and stability of the cuticle. The grouping of 18-25 chitin molecule chains then creates chitin microfibrils that are about 3nm thick. These microfibrils are wrapped in protein.
Nanofibrils are created when groups of chitin molecules link by way of hydrogen bonds and are wrapped in protein.
At the next hierarchical level the nanofibrils cluster together into long chitin-protein fibers.
Nanofibrils cluster together to form chitin-protein fibers.
The microfibrils are laid down in an almost parallel pattern within a single layer. This creates a network or matrix of chitin and proteins, and other components such as minerals. The chitin microfibrils are covalently linked to the proteins.
Chitin-protein fibers are woven into a matrix.
These layers are stacked on top each other in successive layers that are rotated by a constant angle to produce a helicoidal arrangement that further contributes to the strength of the overall cuticle.
The helicoidal stacking of chitin-protein layers (matrix) creates a twisted arrangement. This creates an arching pattern in the cuticle as a whole. (Here layers were created by stacking sushi mats in a twisted manner. Pictures by Marianne Alleyne)
It is the hierarchical structure created at the nano-scale, when chitin molecules link together and form chains in close association with proteins, all the way up to the meso-scale, where different cuticular layers are stacked in non-random orientations, that makes the insect cuticle such an inspiring biological material. It is because of this hierarchical structure that the insect cuticle can take on all the different functions that it has. And ultimately the cuticle is one of the main reasons why insects can be found to be thriving in so many different habitats – air, water, land, even inside horse guts. Modern analysis of small-scale composites and self-assembly-type manufacturing techniques will enable us to make materials equally as versatile as the insect cuticle.
Design and mechanical properties of insect cuticle. J. F. V. Vincent and U. G. K. Wegst (2004) Arthropod Structure and Development V33 pp-187-199. DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2004.05.006
Side note about those sushi mats:
Wild&crazy Sat night at home: making insect cuticle models out of sushi mats. #ActiveLearning #IB427 pic.twitter.com/ND0I2XhHxH
— Marianne Alleyne (@Cotesia1) January 18, 2014
The insect cuticle: (1) multi-functionality
Cellular and acellular layers make up the insect cuticle. With the most interior layer being comprised of living epidermal cells that secret the outside layers, which then completely cover the insect – even some of the interior surfaces such as the trachea, foregut and hindgut – are lined with cuticle. (The hierarchical characteristics of these layers will be discussed in the next post.). One of the characteristics that makes the insect cuticle, an "inspirational" biological material is its multi-functionality – something that is rarely seen in engineered materials.
Living materials, including the insect cuticle, often exhibit novel properties that are difficult to incorporate (all at once) into engineered materials. Unique physical and chemical interactions of the biomolecules that make up the cuticle (building blocks) at the nanometer scale convey characteristics such as high strength, energy absorption, and flexibility. Currently multi-functionality in engineered materials is limited to different functions due to a hybrid of several distinct phases the material can attain.
Below I have sketched out some of the functions of the insect cuticle. (If I forgot some important functions please leave a comment below and I will add them to the diagram)
Insect Cuticle Functions – probably not complete – click on diagram to enlarge.
Insect Cuticle Functions
Protective Barrier
The insect's exoskeleton/cuticle/integument is doing the functions of both our skin and our bones. The cuticle completely covers the insect (~armored skin), while at the same time serving as a supportive skeleton (~bones).
The protective covering creates a barrier. Precious water and ions are prevented from freely moving outward, while pathogens, parasites and dangerous chemicals are prevented from moving inward. This function is not at all trivial for insects. Since insects are relatively small they present a large surface area to the outside environment so that loss of water is a greater problem than it is for larger animals such as mammals.
Structure and Form
The insect's exoskeleton gives the insect structure and form. And over an individual's lifetime that form can change. In the case of holometabolous insects, such as flies, wasps, bees, beetles, butterflies and moths, this form change is striking. As an immature caterpillar a moth has a cuticle that stretches and is relatively soft, as a pupa the same individual (using the same building blocks, or biomolecules) has a cuticle that is extremely tough and does not change shape easily. Then as an adult moth the cuticle, including the wings, has yet other features that make the insect successful.
The change in structure and form seen in holometabolous insects, and to some extend the growth strategies employed by ametabolous and hemimetabolous insects, enables the animal to exploit different habitats and diets – even during its lifetime.
This is one of the most striking things about the cuticle. During the separate life stages the cuticle has different functions, it therefore has distinct characteristics and appearance. Yet, the biomolecules that make up the cuticle are pretty much the same, and one individual can synthesize all these seemingly very different types of cuticle.
How different is the cuticle from life stage to life stage? I asked family, friends and colleagues to describe, in non-scientific terms, what the cuticle of each form of the hornworm (=moth) feels like. Here are their responses.
Caterpillar or Larva
Caterpillar (Drawing by Marianne Alleyne)
Soft, rubbery, squishy, velvety, muscular, cold. Feels like pleather, like a writhing rubber pickle, like play dough that I rolled in my hands to make a snake.
Pupa (Drawing by Marianne Alleyne)
Hard, smooth, leathery, acrylic, slick. Feels weird & dead.
Adult Moth (Drawing by Marianne Alleyne)
Fuzzy, hairy, soft. Feels like perfumed talc from my grandmother's vanity. Holding it will probably feel like a fluttering beakless bird but since I haven't held a fluttering bird, with or without a beak, I can't be sure.
The rigidity that the exoskeleton exhibits makes it possible that insects can make rather precise muscle movements since those are due to the insertion of muscles to the integument wall. It is often the cuticle that has important biomechanical features that enables an insect to run, jump, dig, fly or swim. These precise movements are also essential for respiration (creating flow of air in and out of the tracheal system), food manipulation, excretion and osmoregulation.
Sensing the Environment
Maybe surprisingly a rigid integument is not necessarily limiting awareness of the surroundings. The cuticle has been modified in many insects into structures that can sense most of the modalities that we can sense with our skin. Some examples are the trichoid sensilla, the campaniform sensilla and chordotonal organs. Note that all three of these sensors use the cuticle as an integral part of their structure.
The functionality of the trichoid sensilla – mechanosensory hairs – is dependent on the rigidity of the cuticle. (Drawing by Marianne Alleyne)
The campaniform sensilla are mechanoreceptors found in insects. When the exoskeleton bends the resulting strain stimulates the sensillum. (Drawing by Marianne Alleyne)
The chordotonal organ is a stretch receptor that senses to what degree the cuticle is being deformed. This deformation can then give information about movement of body parts, gravity (proprioception) and vibrations of the surrounding air (hearing).
For many insects the cuticle also represents a temporary food store. The basic building blocks, to some extend, can be withdrawn during times of nutritive stress. Having to molt to be able to grow in size is one of the drawbacks of having an exoskeleton. Molting consumes time, energy and metabolic resources, and makes the insect vulnerable against pathogens, predators and water loss. Reabsorbing much of the cuticle during molting minimizes some of these costs. (The closed-loop cycle characteristics of the cuticle will be discussed in part 8 of this series.)
Behavior Modulation
The single layer of epidermal cells that secretes the cuticle also secretes and deposits within or on the cuticle hydrocarbons that are involved in behavioral sequences that are important in recognition and mating. Pheromones and pigments are also deposited. The cuticle may also have modified structures that are important in mating or other behavioral processes – such as bumps, hairs, nano-scale structures that create structural colors.
By further studying the insect cuticle it is my hope that new materials can be created, using similar "manufacturing" steps as employed by insects, that can provide increased function through integrated or further-integrated systems. Insects do it, we should too.
Next: the structural hierarchy of the insect cuticle.
(My apologies to dumpy grey-brown moths everywhere. That is a terrible drawing of an adult moth. Oh, well)
Posted in Manufacturing, Materials, Sensors, Uncategorized	| Tagged cuticle, exoskeleton, integument | 2 Comments
Insects have advanced degrees in Material Science and Manufacturing
There is much to learn from nature about biological materials – materials produced by a biological system. Just think about the materials in nature that you are most familiar with: wood, wool, cotton, shells, skin….consider:
Animals and plants are constructed from materials that are readily at hand – no dangerous mining endeavors in geo-politically sensitive areas. Sea shells are made from materials available in the sea water. Bone is made from components available in our (and our mother's) diet. Insect cuticle is synthesized from maternal sources and from the individual's diet.
The materials found in nature have many of the same attributes as engineered materials, yet avoid the heat-beat-and-treat manufacturing methods that are so costly to us and our environment. We manufacture materials by applying large amounts of energy so we can first homogenize materials, then add even more energy, and dangerous chemicals, to impose the structure that we want.
The periodic table categorizes more than 100 elements. Although around 25 types of elements can be found in biomolecules, only six elements are most common. These are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Few metals are used by nature, although iron, zinc, and manganese are essential in various ways.
If you create and then overlay* Ashby plots of biological and engineered materials you will learn that nature has many more tricks up its sleeve than we do. Insect cuticle is very similar to skin and bone, and some of the engineered materials, it is also ubiquitous, yet we know still so very little about it.
Collection of live and preserved insects hanging out in the Alleyne-lab. All insects have a cuticle with the same basic building blocks. But the cuticle of different species, or even different life stages, differ in hardness, flexibility. permeability, color, etc. (Photo: Marianne Alleyne)
At first glance the structure that is a characteristic of insects and other arthropods, the cuticular exoskeleton, seems such a simple yet sophisticated material. Upon closer inspection it is actually maddeningly complex and enigmatic, just ask any researcher working on it (needless to say, there aren't too many). The chemical analysis of the insect cuticle is a frustrating undertaking. Perform any manipulation to isolate it and "voila" the structure in which you were interested has been changed. The cuticle has been described by biochemists as "intractable." It is possible to (partially) dissolve cuticle in various solvents and analyze the results, but the results are quantitative, both because it is not easy to break apart the assembled materials, but also because chemical transformations can occur during the process of dissolution. In the future multidisciplinary (including molecular) approaches may give us more insights into the exact composition of different types of cuticle. Maybe we will soon learn 'why some bugs go "squish" when you step on them, but others go "crunch" even though they made out of same material'
As an old seasoned insect physiologist I am still amazed by the insect cuticle since it can have varied structure at the meso-level (allowing insects as a group to live out many life histories), yet the basic (nano-, micro-) structure and components of the cuticle are not numerous or terribly exotic. The insect cuticle is all around us, it is what makes the insects so successful.
The cuticle is produced at atmospheric pressure and at temperatures that are not extreme. Simple building blocks, mainly chitin, proteins and water, make up the insect cuticle. It can have many different features and characteristics just because the building blocks occur in different ratios or orientations. Large amounts of the cuticle are recycled by the individual insect itself, and the remainder can easily be broken down by other life forms.
Can we humans manufacture such an amazingly versatile material in a similar manner?
To manufacture anything close to the insect cuticle we need to understand the characteristics of the material. The characteristics of biological materials, that set them apart from most synthetic/engineered materials, were recently defined and listed by Meyers et al. (1). (The closed-loop cycle characteristic of the cuticle is rather unique to arthropod cuticle and should be added to the list when considering the insect cuticle).
Multi-functionality
Hierarchical structure
Self-assembly
Mild synthesis conditions
Self-healing capabilities
Closed-loop cycle
Evolutionary and ecological constraints
Over the next few days/posts I will discuss each characteristic as it relates to the insect cuticle. At the conclusion of the series I will discuss how they all combine and result in the interesting mechanical properties of the insect cuticle, and how cuticle-inspired materials might become useful.
*Feel free to contact me for Bioinspiration learning module using Ashby plots.
Meyers, M. A., J. McKittrick & P-Y Chen (2013) Structural Biological Materials: Critical Mechanics-Materials. Science V339, pp 773-779. DOI: 10.1126/science.1220854
Next: the multi-functionality of the insect cuticle.
Posted in Manufacturing, Materials	| 9 Comments
Bioinspiration – crossing interdisciplinary borders
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The Flea Song
#EntSoc13 – One for the record books.
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In case you are using servicing to deploy your feature updates, you might get updates stuck with error code 0x80240020.
Whenever you click on retry it fails very quickly, too fast to be true. Indeed the real error the first time you try to install the update is 0xC1900208 (That is also 1047526904), error that you might be more familiar with (and that is more "googlable" as well).
It means that your system doesn't meet the upgrade requirements. Once this error raised the windows update client is getting in an inconsistent state and all following attempt of installation (even when prerequisites have been solved) will fail with this error 0x80240020.
If it's not obvious on which product is the root cause of the migration failure you can find logs in C:\$WINDOWS.~BT\Sources\Panther\Setupact.log. usually it's your antivirus or another program you already know to have compatibility issues. The other option is to run the installer manually to identify issues.
Thanks to https://www.systemcenterdudes.com/sccm-windows-10-feature-update-error-0xc1900208/ for the post. I am just posting this as I had issue finding it with error code 0x80240020 that is the one you will most probably have.


David Scott Partner McGrigors LLP Email: david.scott@mcgrigors.com Tel: 0131 777 7023 DISPUTE resolution options have taken a big leap forward with the passing of the Arbitration (Scotland) Act 2010 which is expected to come into force in May 2010. The Act now enshrines the law applicable to any arbitration in Scotland.
The Act applies to international and domestic arbitrations in Scotland, whether under written or oral arbitration agreements. It has been drafted to be consistent with the UNCITRAL Model Law and UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules and accordingly repeals the 1990 legislation which enacted the Model Law in Scotland. It restricts interference by the Scottish Courts essentially to issues of jurisdiction, serious irregularity and legal error; and no appeal lies to the Supreme Court . The Act provides that all arbitrations in Scotland shall be subject to the "Scottish Arbitration Rules". Some of the Rules are expressed to be "Mandatory", others can be revised or excluded by the parties ("Default" Rules).
The Default Rules deal with such issues as whether the Court should be allowed any role in determining the tribunal's jurisdiction; whether the tribunal should have power to consolidate an arbitration with another arbitration or to hold concurrent hearings; and whether the court should be empowered to determine any point of Scots law arising in the proceedings (ie on a "case stated").
They also now leave it open to the parties to decide other issues such as whether to grant the tribunal power to order a claimant party to provide security for the recoverable arbitration expense of the other party, and whether either party should be able to appeal against the tribunal's award on the grounds that the tribunal erred on a point of Scots law.
The Act provides a focus for contracting parties and their lawyers to consider the choice of arbitration and the various optional rules to apply to the arbitration.
It is user-friendly and easy-to-read and should be welcomed by practitioners and end-users alike.


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Flag of the brave, long may it wave.
Symbol of right through the years passing o'er.


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You're here because you want to know the things that turn men off to relationships.
Maybe you're in something with a guy and you don't know what it is yet – but all of a sudden he's ghosting you.
Maybe he's not calling back, or texting, and you have no idea why and it's freaking you out.
Maybe you had a few great dates and thought this was really going somewhere, then you have one "weird" interaction with him and things completely shut down on his end.
Maybe he seemed like he was really into you and then all of a sudden decided to back off and treat you more like a friend than a potential partner.
Whatever the reason, you want to know what happened and why. Why did he back off all of a sudden? Why did he ghost me? What did I do to turn him off?
This article is going to cover the most common reasons guys go from hot to cold fast – and how to avoid them.
So if you want to avoid making a mistake that triggers a guy's instinct to run in the other direction, read on.
Solid, happy relationships form when both people enjoy spending time with each other, mutually recognize that, and keep spending more and more time together – because it feels good.
Eventually, they both realize that they'd rather be with each other than anyone else, and make a commitment or otherwise make things official.
But the most important thing in that entire process is that it feels good to spend time with each other. That's the attraction, the "magnet" that pulls two people together and forms a relationship.
The secret is to make spending time together feel good, and the only way to do that is to truly enjoy the time you spend together with him – without having any ulterior motive or overarching goal.
As soon as you have a goal about him – like getting into a relationship with him – all of a sudden everything you do with him (and everything you say to him) is going to be in service of that goal. You're going to unconsciously make that goal the center of your interactions with him, and he's going to be able to feel it.
So instead of relaxing and enjoying the time you spend with him, it's going to feel like you're trying to get something "from" him – i.e. the relationship. When that happens it no longer feels good for him to spend time with you, because he feels like he has to walk on eggshells in order to avoid disappointing you or saying the wrong thing.
The way to avoid this mistake is to avoid making 'goals' about being in a relationship with him. Don't look too far into the future!
Instead, make sure that when you spend time with him you're spending your time in the moment – happy, relaxed, and content.
The best way for the time you spend together to feel good (to both of you) is to make your focus enjoying the moment with him.
If he senses you've got ulterior motivation, it's going to trigger his instinct to pull away from you – and turn him off to the relationship.
This is a concept I talk about a lot.
When it comes to relationships, the relationship should be the icing on the cake – not the cake itself.
What that means is that your relationship should be one part of a happy life, instead of the thing that makes your life happy.
Another way to think about it is that you shouldn't try to extract happiness from the relationship, you should try to bring happiness into the relationship.
The best relationships are between two people who are happy and fulfilled in their own lives – and bring their happiness into the other person's life to enrich it and make them both happier.
If you're looking to the relationship to "complete" you or "make you happy" – you're trying to extract happiness from it, and you're making your happiness dependent on it.
When both partners do that, it's called co-dependence – and it's a quick shortcut to an incredibly toxic dynamic and huge emotional dysfunction.
So make sure to have other things going on in your life other than just spending time with him. Make sure to see your friends, pursue your hobbies, and do the other things in your life that make you happy.
Balance is the key here – too much focus on the relationship will turn him off (since he'll feel like he's becoming responsible for your happiness). Having your own happiness outside the relationship and bringing that happiness into it will light him up and make him want to be with you even more.
There's a saying in this life that nothing worth having comes free.
It can be applied to relationships too. People inherently don't value the things that are given to them for free – it's a (nasty) quirk of human nature.
Lots of women fall into the trap of thinking this guy is so great and fearing that they're going to lose him so much that they wait on him hand and foot in order to "keep him happy".
Unknowingly, what those women are actually doing is poisoning their chances with him – because they're sabotaging themselves by devaluing everything they're doing for him.
If he's getting everything he wants without having to put in much effort, it's not going to inspire him to put in more effort, it's going to make him want to put in less (since he's already getting everything he wants).
That means texting less, calling less, being less emotionally available, and generally putting in even less effort than he already is. In turn, that makes his partner work even harder to try to "win" his affections back – which pushes the relationship even further down the spiral.
Respect yourself and respect the effort you put into the relationship with him. The way to his heart isn't giving him everything he could possibly want without expectations in return – rather it's keeping your dignity and self-respect and treating him with the same respect that he treats you.
This has a lot to do with #2 – at least from the guy's perspective.
At its heart, what I mean by being emotionally honest is being honest with him about how you're feeling and why – and also seeking solutions rather than emotional retaliation.
First off, let's talk about being emotionally honest.
Being emotionally honest means telling him honestly how you're feeling if you're upset. It means avoiding being passive aggressive at all costs. It means telling him if he did something to upset you, rather than expecting him to read your mind and understand why you're upset.
There's not a lot of things that feel more toxic to a guy than when a woman is upset and expects him to just know why she's upset and how to fix it. Most guys, when confronted with that situation, emotionally shut down and try to get away from the dynamic as quickly as possible.
Guys can't read your mind. If you're upset, he's probably not going to know exactly why.
That's why it's so refreshing to a man when a woman can honestly tell him exactly why she's upset and what he did that made her feel that way. When a woman can be emotionally honest with a man, he instantly feels safer and more connected with her – because he knows that she's not going to try to punish him for hurting her feelings or make him guess why she's upset.
The second part of this is about seeking a solution rather than emotional retaliation. Many people (both men and women) respond to being hurt by their partner by trying to hurt their partner in return.
The problem is that responding to being hurt by hurting your partner is a toxic dynamic. All it leads to is worse and worse fights – especially when it's combined with not being emotionally honest and telling your partner how and why they hurt you.
The best relationships are between people who don't want to fight – and who want to resolve conflicts as quickly as possible.
That means letting go of the impulse to attack your partner because you feel attacked – and instead explaining exactly what they did that upset you, so that they understand and recognize why what they did was hurtful.
Mutual understanding is the best thing for dissolving a fight and bringing people closer together, and the best couples know that and seek understanding during a conflict instead of retaliation.
If a woman seeks emotional retaliation rather than understanding, a guy is going to recognize it as toxic immediately and it's going to turn him off.
But if she seeks mutual understanding instead, he's much more likely to want to get closer with her and build something together.
Making your relationship with him the center of your life.
Giving him everything he wants to keep him interested.
sometimes giving him everything can lead to more of a destruction than success. be careful not to do this.
wow, this is something i wouldn't want to admit. but reading this makes you think and realize how guilty we are of these things that turn off men.
it's not always good that you give him everything.
i can't think of anything else to say because these are the basic and yet deadly signs.
never make your relationship the center of your life. this will compromise everything.
giving him what he wants and needs are good but as they say, anything in excess is bad for you and this is true also in relationships.
you think making him the center of your life turns him on? this is a big NO!
all so true. we sometimes overlook these but they're true and they happen in real life.
these are all so stressful for anyone, even women.
i hope women would learn hot not to make their relationships the center of their lives. this does more harm than good.
This is a very good read for all women. i learned so much, thanks a lot!
wow, this is really nice. thanks for the advice, this is surely helpful.
get a life outside the relationship. it is healthy for you both.
wow, i didn't realize i'm all these haha!
i really need to know. i think i'm doing so many things wrong.
all so true, i couldn't agree more!
never give him everything he wants. he's not your child, he should please you also and not just you pleasing him all the time. plus, this is a total turn off because then there will be no challenge anymore.
men will tend to take you for granted when they know you're gonna give them everything they want even without asking. don't do this, it will not benefit you in the long run.
don't ever let him nor the relationship be the center of your life. men do not want women who are very dependent and clingy.
thank you for posting this. it made me realize so many things that will surely help me be better in my relationships.
men need attention just as much as we do, but too much of it won't work either.


text:
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Multimedia Animation has expanded into numerous fields; the most exciting and promising are Art Director and Video Editor. mini-Graduation in Multimedia Animation is a three year program which offers you in depth classroom training followed by one year of Professional Practice to gain real world professional skills.
The Industry Endorsed Curriculum of mini-Graduation Program in Multimedia Animation enables students acquire necessary skills to aspire for new age jobs. The curriculum lays emphasis on industry specific competencies helps students stand out in the most competitive environment. The program is also mapped to global technology certifications to enable the students to seize the global career opportunities. This program is customized to suit your Graduation pattern and allows you to pursue your IT career pursuits along with your Graduation. This is followed by an Internship in an organization at the end of your Graduation.
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The 3D animation market is expected to grow from USD 12,010.0 million in 2017 to USD 21,050.0 million by 2022, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 11.9%. Increasing adoption of visual effects (VFX) in the entertainment industry is one of the crucial factors impacting the 3D animation market.
Salary of an Animator?
Absolutely Visual Effects Artist can have a great career and also very high salary which is the most attractive part of this profession. Salaries are in the range 8-15 K for freshers. But after experience in MNCs like Pixar, Technicolour (Bangalore), Rythm and Hues (Hyderabad) salaries are more than software engineers. Actually there are some guys with 5 years of experiences who are getting 70 K per month.
Well if you are a hardworker and passionate you will have a handsome income, because hard work is always paid of whatsoever be the career. Remember, your Career is a resultant of your knowledge combined with your passion and expression ability. And VFX is really a cool career because VFX industry demand is increasing in India also abroad. In India,there are already many visual effects studios that provide visual effects for Bollywood films and some of them now provide visual effects for Hollywood as well. The demand for more studios is only going to increase over time as the demand for visual effects increases and India's capability for producing it improves.
According to the BLS, the demand for multimedia artists and animators was expected to grow about six percent, slower than the average for all professions, from 2012-2022. This anticipated growth was attributed to an expected increase in demands for special effects in the film industry and graphics for mobile technologies. Incidentally, the film industry was the largest and best-paying employer of visual effects artists in 2013. The creation of computer-generated animation in the scientific research and design was also expected to add opportunities for visual effects artists.
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I find myself conflicted about the story.
On the up side, you were able to learn something via existing connections and get a glimpse of what NGL may require etc.
However, it also points to some questions about the set up of the course and my practice. Really reinforces the need to explore how the whole experience can and should be better designed.
But that said, I wonder whether Colin (and I by extension) have allowed ourselves to get stuck in another approach to learning/knowledge. Is there going to be another wave, another paradigm that comes along that will require us to transform what we do?


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Free Startup Education Courses Coming to St. Cloud
Abby Faulkner
Abby Faulkner Published: March 3, 2020
Courtesy of ILT Studios
ST. CLOUD -- A series of classes on how to groom an idea into a scaleable business are launching in St. Cloud.
The Lean Startup School, funded by the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development, will teach participants how to create a marketable product or service and build a business around it.
The program, co-sponsored by venture fund Great North Labs and startup incubator ILT Studios, is an effort to bring startup education to under-served regions in the upper Midwest.
The first class, "Customer Driven Innovation," will teach the initial methods on taking a good idea, and making it a better one, says Nick Tietz, CEO of ILT Studios.
"It doesn't have to be a full idea," Tietz said. "It just has to be something they're interested in working on. It could be a problem, or they might have an idea about something that needs to be fixed or changed. Or, they might see an opportunity in the market. That's what we want people to walk into the room with, and we will help sharpen that idea."
Tietz says participants aren't required to arrive with a completely buttoned-up business idea.
"What most people don't realize is that ideas don't come out fully-formed," Tietz explained. "They come out half-baked. They come out quarter-baked. They don't always come out the right way. There is a bona fide process to refine and sharpen your idea, and get it into a spot where you could potentially build a startup."
Tietz says individuals who complete the Lean Startup School will be eligible for private funding to actually bring their businesses to market.
Lean Startup School will be held in two Saturday sessions at the St. Cloud State Welcome Center: 9:00-11:30 a.m. and 1:00-3:30 p.m. Registration is still open and is free. For more, visit their website.
Filed Under: great north labs
Categories: business news, St. Cloud News
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10 Best Burgers in St. Cloud According to Yelp Reviews
Survivor Season 44 Has 3 Contestants from Minnesota
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You will be responsible for working as part of an agile team that delivers business value to its customers. They ensure software is delivered to high quality standards by collaborating with their agile team members and by leveraging various testing techniques. Test Engineers embrace the planning, design, management, execution and reporting of tests, using appropriate testing tools and techniques while conforming to agree upon process standards and industry specific regulations.
To apply for the Automated Test Engineer Role, please send your CV to Shane.carton(a)solasit.ie or call Shane on 015367384 for more information.
• Produces test scripts, materials and regression test packs to test new and amended software or services. Specifies requirements for environment, data, resources and tools.
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Rubbabu Building Blocks are a great, imaginative construction set. Includes: 9 blocks and 14 connectors.
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Big Rapids, Mich. - The 21st-ranked Ferris State University women's volleyball squad capped an impressive weekend of play unbeaten as the Bulldogs topped regional rival Hillsdale 3-1 on Saturday (Aug. 25) evening to wrap up their own home invitational at the Ewigleben Sports Arena.
In a highly-contested showdown to wrap up the 10-team, three-day event, the Bulldogs won the opening two frames 25-17 and 25-23 before the Chargers rallied for a 25-22 victory in the third. The fourth set went back and forth, but FSU pulled it out in the end 25-22 to finish 4-0 in the weekend of action.
Junior outside hitter Allyson Cappel led the Bulldogs with a season-high 22 kills and 23 digs while junior middle hitter Mekayla Carey added 15 kills in the victory. The Bulldogs also got 11 kills from junior outside hitter Courtney Brewer along with 10 from sophomore outside hitter Katie O'Connell.
Bulldog junior setter Maeve Grimes led the unit's charge with 52 assists on the night while adding eight digs. Senior Libero Katie Placek added to Cappel's night with a team-high tying 23 digs along with an ace and two assists. Carey and freshman Samantha Hermann both helped account for six blocks apiece with Brewer adding four assists at the net.
Ferris State compiled 60 kills overall and hit .161 for the event, but limited to the Chargers to only a .087 attack figure. The Bulldogs also had 89 digs, 56 assists, 13 blocks and four aces on the night.
Meanwhile, Hillsdale finished with 47 kills while notching 93 digs, 45 assists, 12 blocks and two aces.
The Chargers were led by Kara Vyletel, who had 14 kills on the night, as well as Taylor Weise with 29 digs. Lindsey Mertz added 37 assists.
In the weekend of action, the Bulldogs beat two nationally-ranked teams, including nationally top-ranked defending national champion Concordia-St. Paul and 17th-ranked Winona State (Minn.), along with two teams both receiving votes in the AVCA Division II National Poll in Hillsdale and Upper Iowa.
The Bulldogs were the lone squad of the 10 competing teams at the Ferris State Invitational this weekend to finish unbeaten.
For their efforts, FSU had three representatives on the all-tournament team, including Cappel, Grimes and Placek. Cappel led all tournament players with 4.64 kills per set on the weekend while Grimes dished out 11.36 assists a frame and Placek tallied 5.00 digs per set.
The Bulldogs will next travel to Florida for a pair of tournaments over the Labor Day Holiday. FSU will face regional foe Drury (Mo.) on Friday, Aug. 31, at 11 a.m. (ET) along with host Florida Southern at 3 p.m. (ET) in the Terrace Hotel Classic in Lakeland.
FSU then ventures to the University of Tampa Classic on Saturday, Sept. 1, and will square off against Rollins (Fla.) at 10:30 a.m. (ET) along with host Tampa starting at 7 p.m. (ET).


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Here are four clever public transport strategies being trialled by Dubai, Luxembourg, Tokyo and Boise
Cities & Mobility | Brief
Governments are coming up with unique ways to lure commuters to use public transport
In response to rising air pollution, traffic congestion and unhappy commuters, cities around the world are coming up with innovative ways to encourage more people to make use of public transport.
In Luxembourg, which has the highest number of cars for its population in the European Union, the government announced sweeping changes. From March 1 2020, Luxembourg is set to abolish all fares on trains, trams and buses, making it the first country in the world to make all public transport free.
The city of Dubai, which already has an autonomous metro, is aiming to become the first to trial driverless transport pods and introduce initiatives that allow commuters to use their mobile phone to pay for their journeys on public buses and the metro.
Dubai recently signed the C40 Clean Air Cities Declaration, which has a clear objective to reduce air pollution, move away from vehicles and make taking public transport easier.
In Tokyo, where public transport is notoriously overcrowded, the government has taken a novel approach to reducing congestion, luring commuters with the promise of food. The idea behind the trial initiative is to reward those who take an earlier route with free soba noodles, a type of buckwheat noodle popular in Japan.
In the US, in a bid to reduce the number of single-occupancy cars on the road, the city of Boise, Idaho, has embarked on an 18-month trial subsidising Lyft rides to and from the city's bus stops.
Ideas for Governments
1. Government departments can introduce free public transport to encourage use and cover operating costs by using existing tax revenues.
2. Conduct experiments with riders using public transportation to determine what alters group behaviour.
3. Partner with private companies to offer discounts and incentives to use public transport.
Illinois Introduces a Secure Bring-Your-Own-Device Program
Smarter Prescription Tracking Systems Can Reduce Drug Abuse
How to Learn from Policy Failure – and How to Avoid it


text:
Home » Blogs » Skillet Management's blog
Skillet's "Feel Invincible" Scores GRAMMY® Nominees First Hot Christian Songs Chart Topper
Posted by Skillet Management on January 05, 2017
Nashville, Tenn. (Jan. 5, 2017) - Skillet has sold 11 million units worldwide, closed out 2016 with seven mainstream rock and 10 Christian year end chart placements and were once again the Top Christian Streaming Songs Artist of 2016, but 2017 marks the first time the band has topped Billboard's Top Christian Songs Chart.
Their track "Feel Invincible" recently topped the chart alongside going to No. 1 on both the Active (Mediabase) and Mainstream (BDS) Rock charts, making history by spending 19 weeks at the top of the Christian Rock chart, the most weeks ever since the chart's inception on Billboard. Their follow up single at Active (Mediabase) Mainstream (BDS) and Christian Rock, "Back From the Dead" goes for adds on January 23.
The video for "Feel Invincible" has been viewed over 23 million times on YouTube and streamed over 16 million times on Spotify. "Feel Invincible" has also been a hit in the sports world, having been used by the NFL's Monday Night Football, Major League Baseball (MLB), National Hockey League (NHL), WWE during their Battleground Pay-Per-View, TBS' E-League and Nickelodeon's Kids' Choice Sports Awards. The No. 1 song was also chosen by the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for use throughout the entire 2016 football season.
Additionally, the debut Christian radio single from UNLEASHED "Stars" hit No. 1 at Christian Hot AC and continues to climb the National Christian Audience, and AC Monitored and Indicator charts heading into 2017.
The 26-city second U.S. leg of "The UNLEASHED Tour" will kick off on February 8th in Clifton Park, NY and will make stops in Philadelphia, PA; Spokane, WA; Los Angeles, CA and Denver, CO to name a few. The tour wraps on March 24th in Little Rock, AR and is a continuation of the band's celebrated U.S. run that wrapped up last October. For the latest ticket information, visit http://www.skillet.com/tour.
Submitted by Skillet Management
on January 5, 2017 - 12:19pm
February 25, 2017 - 7:22pm — Erickpost
Keep up the great work! Super excited about seeing you and meeting you June 10th!
Love this album, skillet is
January 8, 2017 - 12:28am — oneonly223
Love this album, skillet is the best. When i first heard the album i told john that there was something special about it and it was going to get recognition.
February 25, 2017 - 7:22pm - Erick Post
[replyto_comment]
January 8, 2017 - 12:28am - oneonly223
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Additional battery cabinets are available to increase the backup time of the UPS. A charger can be added in all battery cabinets for fast, safe charging.
With the reversible screen, the Daker DK UPS can be used in both tower and 19» rack configuration.
The integrated communication software not only controls the UPS and its switch-off if there is a malfunction, and enables the user to test the main functions remotely,communicate via SNMP/Internet/network adaptor and access the functions of the UPS via the Internet, but can also send the user an SMS if specific events occur.
The internal extension connector enables a WEB/SNMP card or a relay interface to be installed which provides insulated contacts for applications on industrial control panels or remote alarm panels.
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CyberPower CPS3500PRO Emergency Power Systems provides backup power when regular systems fail for a wide range of applications including household appliances, office systems, banking & retail, and industrial sites. It provides noiseless, fuel-less, and clean pure sine wave output with adjustable Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR), making it a greener and better solution over traditional generators.
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The Legrand UPS MegaLine 6250/2 model is a UPS using high frequency PWM technology, On Line Double Conversion type, solid neutral, modular architecture, with the possibility of N+X redundant configuration, Rated Power 6,250 VA – 4,375 W, equipped with valve-regulated hermetic-type accumulator batteries, contained inside the UPS in a specific compartment or in one or more external cabinets, sized to guarantee a minimum autonomy of 11 minutes when 80% charged.


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Strike, strike, strike
The global ruling class is determined to prevent renewed protests from employing the weapon that can bring them down—strikes
Chris Hedges / September 22, 2022 / 10 min readSyndicated
USA PoliticsLabourSocial Movements
"Strike, Strike, Strike." Illustration by Mr. Fish.
The ruling oligarchs are terrified that, for tens of millions of people, the economic dislocation caused by inflation, stagnant wages, austerity, the pandemic and the energy crisis is becoming unendurable. They warn, as Kristalina Georgieva, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, have done, about the potential for social unrest, especially as we head towards winter.
Social unrest is a code word for strikes—the one weapon workers possess that can cripple and destroy the billionaire class's economic and political power. Strikes are what the global oligarchs fear most. Through the courts and police intervention, they will seek to prevent workers from shutting down the economy. This looming battle is crucial. If we begin to chip away at corporate power through strikes, most of which will probably be wildcat strikes that defy union leadership and anti-union laws, we can begin to regain agency over our lives.
The oligarchs have spent decades abolishing or domesticating unions, turning the few unions that remain—only 10.7 percent of the workforce is unionized—into obsequious junior partners in the capitalist system. As of January 2022, private-sector unionization stood at its lowest point since the passage of the National Labor Relations Act of 1935. And yet, 48 percent of US workers say they would like to belong to a union.
As a result of crushing conditions workers have been subjected to for years, the nation is facing its first major rail strike since the 1990s. The transportation industry, of which most rail workers are a part, has a higher than average union density compared to other parts of the private sector. A rail strike could mean a loss in economic output of $2 billion a day, according to a trade group representing railroad companies.
It was announced by the Biden White House, which hopes to avoid the optics of forcing striking workers back to the job, that the leaders of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen (BLET), International Association of Sheet Metal, Air, Rail and Transportation Workers Transportation Division (SMART-TD) and Brotherhood of Railroad Signalmen (BRS), among others, reached a tentative agreement with major freight companies, including Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway (BNSF) and Union Pacific. The tentative agreement was made amid intense pressure from the Biden administration.
Union officials stressed that the wording of the agreement is yet to be finalized and workers may not see the details of the agreement for three to four weeks, after which point union rank-and-file members will still have to vote on the proposed settlement.
The World Socialist Web Site (WSWS) and The Real News have done detailed reporting on the contract negotiations.
BNSF announced a net income of nearly $6 billion in 2021, up 16 percent from the previous year. Union Pacific reported a net income of $6.5 billion, also up 16 percent from 2020. CSX Transportation and Norfolk Southern Railway have also posted large gains.
The economic deregulation of Class 1 rail freight carriers in the 1980s saw the number of freight carriers drop from 40 to seven, a number expected to soon fall to six. The workforce has shrunk from nearly 540,000 in 1980 to some 130,000. Service on the nation's rail lines, along with working conditions and wages, have declined as Wall Street squeezes the big railroad conglomerates for profits.
It appears that the proposed contract will meet few of the railroad workers' core demands including redressing years of declining wages, the need for cost-of-living adjustments to deal with inflation, an end to onerous attendance policies, guaranteed time off and sick days, massive lay-offs that have put tremendous pressure on remaining rail workers and an end to the practice of one-man crews.
Rail moves roughly two-fifths of long-distance American freight and one-third of exports. It lies at the heart of a complex global supply chain that includes cargo ships, trains and trucks. It is almost certain that the Biden White House would intervene to prevent a nationwide rail strike, which would be a body blow to the nation's tottering supply chain and shaky economy.
The oligarchs targeted unions after the Second World War. Through a series of strikes in the 1930s, unions pressured Franklin Delano Roosevelt into passing New Deal legislation. Unions gave workers weekends off, the right to organize and strike, the eight-hour workday, health and pension benefits, safe working conditions, overtime and Social Security.
The red baiting of the 1930s and 1950s was directed primarily at labor organizers and radical unions such as the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), known as Wobblies, or the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). In the crusade against "reds," the most militant unions and union leaders, some of whom were Communists, were turned into pariahs. A series of anti-labor laws, including the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act and Right-to-Work laws, which outlaw union shops, were put into place.
When the Taft-Hartley Act was passed about a third of the workforce was unionized, peaking in 1954 at 34.8 percent. The act was a frontal assault on unions. It prohibits jurisdictional strikes, wildcat strikes, solidarity or political strikes, and secondary boycotts, whereby unions strike against employers who continue to do business with a firm that is undergoing a strike. It forbids secondary or common situs picketing, closed shops and monetary donations by unions to federal political campaigns. Union officials are forced by the act to sign non-Communist affidavits or lose their positions. Companies are permitted under the act to require employees to attend anti-union propaganda meetings. The Federal government is empowered to obtain legal strikebreaking injunctions if an impending or current strike imperils "national health or safety."
The act disempowers labor. It legalizes the suspension of civil liberties, including freedom of speech and the right to assembly. US courts, including the Supreme Court, with judges drawn from corporate law firms, have since issued a raft of new anti-union rulings to keep workers in bondage. The right to strike in the US barely exists.
Widespread strikes, a necessity if we are to prevail, will be declared illegal, no matter which party is in the White House. Those who lead strikes will be targeted for arrest, and corporations will attempt to replace workers with scabs. It will be a very, very ugly fight. But it is our only hope.
An interview with socialist Seattle city council member Kshama Sawant about organizing tactics and the importance of union militancy can be viewed here.
The earlier generation of labor organizers understood that union organizing was about class war. "Big" Bill Haywood told delegates at the founding convention of the IWW in 1905:
Fellow Workers, this is the Continental Congress of the working-class. We are here to confederate the workers of this country into a working-class movement that shall have for its purpose the emancipation of the working-class from the slave bondage of capitalism. The aims and objects of this organization shall be to put the working-class in possession of the economic power, the means of life, in control of the machinery of production and distribution, without regard to capitalist masters.
Let his words be our credo.
After the end of the Second World War, two generations of workers in the United States were blessed with a period of unprecedented prosperity. Wages for the working class were high. Jobs were stable and came with benefits and health insurance. Unions protected workers from abuse by employers. Taxes on the wealthiest individuals and corporations were as high as 91 percent. The public school system provided a quality education to the poor and the rich. The nation's infrastructure and technology were cutting edge. Steel workers, auto workers, mill workers, construction workers and truck drivers were part of the middle class.
In 1928, the top 10 percent held 23.9 percent of the nation's wealth, a percentage that steadily declined until 1973. By the early 1970s the oligarch's assault against workers expanded. Wages stagnated. Income inequality grew to monstrous proportions. Tax rates for corporations and the rich were slashed.
Today, the top 10 percent of the richest people in the United States own almost 70 percent of the country's total wealth. The top one percent control 31 percent of the wealth. The bottom 50 percent of the US population hold two percent of all US wealth. Infrastructure is outdated and in disrepair. Public institutions, including schools, public broadcasting, the courts and the postal service, are underfunded and degraded.
"Big" Bill Haywood
You can see an interview I did with Louis Hyman, professor of economic history at Cornell University and author of Temp: The Real Story of What Happened to Your Salary, Benefits and Job Security, about the decades-long assault on workers here.
The oligarchs, as they did in the 19th century, exploit workers, including child labor, in Dickensian sweatshops in countries such as China, Vietnam and Bangladesh.
You can see my interview with Jenny Chan who with Mark Selden and Pun Ngai wrote Dying for an iPhone: Apple, Foxconn and the Lives of China's Workers here.
Workers, bereft of union protection and lacking industrial jobs, have been forced into the gig economy, where they have few rights, no job protection and often earn below the minimum wage.
The rise in global food and energy prices, coupled with the weakening of democratic institutions and impoverishment of workers, have become a potent recipe for revolt.
Weekly earnings, adjusted for inflation, decreased by 3.4 percent from August 2021 to August 2022, and real hourly earnings fell by 2.8 percent in the same period. Hourly earnings, adjusted for inflation, have fallen for the past 17 months. The lopsided priorities—billions of dollars in "security assistance" being sent to Ukraine by the Biden administration and other NATO members—predictably saw Russia slash gas supplies to Europe. Russia will not resume the flow until sanctions imposed on the country are lifted. Russia provides nine percent of European Union (EU) gas imports, down from 40 percent before the invasion. Big oil, meanwhile, is posting obscene profits as it gouges the public.
The most vulnerable countries—Haiti, Myanmar and Sudan—have descended into chaos under the economic onslaught. Social spending in such countries as Egypt, the Philippines and Zimbabwe have been slashed. Nor are the industrialized nations immune. About 70,000 people in Prague took to the streets on September 4 to protest rising energy prices and call for a withdrawal from the EU and NATO. Industries in Germany, one of the world's top three exporters, are crippled, paying as much for electricity and natural gas in a single month, post-Russian-invasion, as they did for all last year. Protesters from across the political spectrum in Germany have called for regular Monday demonstrations against the rising cost of living. In the UK already beset with 10 percent inflation, energy companies are expected to increase their rates by 80 percent in October. Electricity bills in the US have increased 15.8 percent over the past year. Natural gas bills have risen by 33 percent in the US over the past year. Total energy costs in the US have risen by 24 percent in the last 12 months. Consumer staples, the food and items needed for daily survival, have increased by an average of 13.5 percent. This is only the start.
At what point does a beleaguered population living near or below the poverty line rise in protest? This, if history is any guide, is unknown. But that the tinder is there is now undeniable, even to the ruling class.
The United States had the bloodiest labor wars of any industrialized nation. Hundreds of workers were killed. Thousands were wounded. Tens of thousands were blacklisted. Radical union organizers such as Joe Hill were executed on trumped up murder charges, imprisoned like Eugene V. Debs, or driven, like Haywood, into exile. Militant unions were outlawed. During the Palmer Raids on November 17, 1919, carried out on the second anniversary of the Russian Revolution, more than ten thousand alleged Communists, Socialists and anarchists were arrested. Many were held for long periods without trial. Thousands of foreign-born emigrés, such as Emma Goldman, Alexander Berkman and Mollie Steimer, were arrested, imprisoned and ultimately deported. Socialist publications, such as Appeal to Reason and The Masses, were shut down.
The Great Railway Strike of 1922 saw company gun thugs open fire, killing strikers. Pennsylvania Railroad President Samuel Rea alone hired over 16,000 gunmen to break the strike of nearly 20,000 employees at the company's shops in Altoona, Pennsylvania, the largest in the world. The railroads mounted a massive press campaign to demonize the strikers. They hired thousands of scabs, many of whom were Black workers who were barred by union management from membership. The Supreme Court upheld "yellow dog" contracts that forbade workers from unionizing. The establishment press, along with the Democratic Party, were, as always, full partners in the demonization and defanging of labor. The same year also saw unprecedented railway strikes in Germany and India.
Striking shopmen show their strength as the rail strikers parade through the Burnside district on August 20, 1922, in the afternoon. At the head of the parade are former servicemen who carried a banner with the words: "We fought the world war so this country might live; let us live." Photo courtesy the Chicago Tribune archives.
To prevent railroad strikes, which disrupted nationwide commerce in 1877, 1894 and 1922 the federal government passed the Railway Labor Act in 1926—union members call it the "Railway Anti-Labor Act"—setting out numerous requirements, including the appointment of The Presidential Emergency Board, which Biden set up, before a strike can be called.
Our oligarchs are as vicious and tight-fisted as those of the past. They will fight with everything at their disposal to crush the aspirations of workers.
Alexander Herzen, speaking to a group of anarchists about how to overthrow the czar, reminded his listeners that it was not their job to save a dying system but to replace it: "We are not the doctors. We are the disease."
All resistance must recognize that the corporate coup d'état is complete. It is a waste of energy to attempt to reform or appeal to systems of power. We must organize and strike. The oligarchs have no intention of willingly sharing power or wealth. They will revert to the ruthless and murderous tactics of their capitalist forebearers. We must revert to the militancy of our own.
Chris Hedges is a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, a New York Times best-selling author, a professor in the college degree program offered to New Jersey state prisoners by Rutgers University, and an ordained Presbyterian minister. He has written 12 books, including the New York Times best-seller "Days of Destruction, Days of Revolt" (2012), which he co-authored with the cartoonist Joe Sacco. His other books include "Wages of Rebellion: The Moral Imperative of Revolt," (2015) "Death of the Liberal Class" (2010), "Empire of Illusion: The End of Literacy and the Triumph of Spectacle" (2009), "I Don't Believe in Atheists" (2008) and the best-selling "American Fascists: The Christian Right and the War on America" (2008). His latest book is "America: The Farewell Tour" (2018). His book "War Is a Force That Gives Us Meaning" (2003) was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award for Nonfiction and has sold over 400,000 copies. He writes a weekly column for the website ScheerPost.
This article originally appeared on ScheerPost.com.
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Stage left: Fighting precarity in the cultural industries
Conor Moore and Adam D.K. King / December 7, 2020 / 6 min read
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Here we come a-picketing! Christmas carols, class conflict, and the Eaton's strike, 1984-85
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Direct action wins at Frite Alors!
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André Frappier / August 29, 2021 / 5 min read


text:
Hyperpigmented patches following blaschko lines: Two probable cases of linear atrophoderma of moulin with subtle atrophy and a critical review of the subject
Tasleem Arif1, Mohammad Adil2, Marwa Sami1, Noora Saeed3
1 Ellahi Medicare Clinic, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
2 Department of Dermatology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
3 Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
Dr. Tasleem Arif
New Colony Soura, Near Water Supply Control Room, Srinagar - 190 011, Kashmir
DOI: 10.4103/ijpd.IJPD_97_18
Linear atrophoderma of Moulin (LAM) is a rare clinical entity characterized by hyperpigmented, depressed band-like skin lesions following blaschko lines (BL). Since its first description by Moulin et al., several authors have presented cases with variable clinical and histopathological features and have diagnosed them as LAM. Whether all those cases represented classical LAM as described by Moulin et al. or they represented a related dermatosis; depends on whether we confine the diagnosis of LAM as presented by Moulin et al. or consider it to be a spectrum where lesions may have overlapping clinical and histopathological findings. Some dermatoses that follow BL and have overlapping clinical and histopathological findings include LAM, idiopathic atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini and Blaschkolinear morphea. Thus, it becomes difficult for a physician to diagnose these conditions when their typical clinical and histopathological findings are not present, especially when they present in early stages of evolution. Here in, we present two cases of LAM where the visible clinical atrophy is mild in one and not appreciable in the other. Whether our cases are the genuine cases of LAM or represent a stage of LAM or fall in the spectrum of LAM depends on how we expand the definition of LAM. We believe that whenever there is an encounter with hyperpigmented lesions in a blaschkoid pattern, a long-term follow-up is needed with serial biopsies to make a final definitive diagnosis.
Arif T
Adil M
Sami M
Saeed N
Blaschko lines
idiopathic atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini
linear atrophoderma of Moulin
linear morphea


text:
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Lead Digital Data Scientist
Salary: US$150000 - US$170000 per annum
$150,000-170,000
Do you know all of the ins and outs of online, digital, and mobile analytics? Do you also thrive in a start-up environment? If you want your efforts to have a direct impact on emerging businesses, this could be the next step in your career! As this rapidly growing startup continues to take over the food industry, they are looking to invest further in their marketing capabilities and data strategy and are looking for a Lead Digital Data Scientist to do so.
THE ROLE: LEAD DIGITAL DATA SCIENTIST
As the Lead Digital Data Scientist, you will spearhead all paid media analytical efforts. You will sit under the SVP of marketing and work as an individual contributor to own the data and marketing world and improve the companies capabilities. In this role, you will...
Define the strategies to improve the marketing efficiency of the media performance
Own the tracking and modeling of acquisition, attribution, and campaign performances across all of the different marketing channels
Building predictive models using Python and/or R (i.e., MMM, MTA, Propensity, Lookalike)
Identify essential metrics and build dashboards to track progress in order to manage projects
YOUR SKILLS AND EXPERTISE
BS in statistics, mathematics, or related quantitative fields
Prior experience in Marketing and paid media
Proficient in Python/R, SQL and experience using visualization tools
Proven experience building predictive models
Awesome startup culture and inspiring workplace
Generous benefit package
Please register your interest by sending your resume to Chinue Ellis via the Apply link on this page
Data, Science, Marketing, Media, Insights, SQL, R, Python, Acquisition, Attribution, ETL, Dashboards, Reports, Propensity Modeling, Order Attribution, Multi-Touch Attribution (MTA), Media Mix Modeling, Market Mix Modeling (MMM), Python, R, SQL, Databricks, Tableau, Looker, Power BI, Google Analytics, Google Tag Manager, Data Science, Performance Marketing, Media Buying, Audience Modeling, Lookalike Modeling
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Product Analyst
This organisation is one of the leading start-ups operating in the media space.
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This is an exciting opportunity to work for a FinTech company that are currently disrupting their market and add significant value to their analytics function.
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Weekly News Digest: 4th-8th Jan 2021
Happy New Year! This is Harnham's weekly news digest, the place to come for a quick breakdown of the week's top news stories from the world of data and analytics. TechRepublic: How IT can prepare for the coming hybrid work environment As the world continues to feel the pressures of COVID-19 , remote working is no longer the temporary and novel approach to work that we had envisaged. Vaccines are being approved and healthcare professionals are supporting its rollout across the globe. And, as each dose is administered, we move one step closer to what is likely to become a hybrid working situation. It is therefore pressing for tech leaders to prepare for a shift to this style of work. TechRepublic have explored how these leaders need to ensure that their technology is agile enough to support the needs of the workforce. Yet they also need to look beyond the tech, to redefine how teams work together. Read the full article here. Forbes: 350 CMOs: 3 Marketing Supertrends For 2021 ... And The No-Hype Future Of Marketing Tech We're a big fan of this piece from John Koetsier, writing for Forbes. He describes how the marketing trends of the year ahead will take a focus on the holistic transformation in a digital-first world. Drawing on the thoughts of a range of Chief Marketing Officers, Koetsier explores that a mixture of new, emerging technologies will see the evolution of marketing to put digital right at the core. Openpath CMO Kieran Hannon, "Now meaningful customer-centric digital transformation can accelerate." Suzanne Kounkel, Chief Marketing Officer for Deloitte, "Fusion is the new ecosystem. Fusion is the art of bringing together new business partnerships, customer insights, and digital platforms to create ecosystems." Tristan Dion Chen, CMO of University Credit Union, "It is without a doubt crucial to recognize how COVID-19 has ushered in a strong sense of empathy as a driving force within the marketing industry." The marketing industry is set to experience continued innovation and growth. Read more on this here. ZDNet: Facial recognition: Now algorithms can see through face masks Last year was a year unlike any other. The complete shift in the way we have had to go about our day-to-day lives, brought about by the ongoing implications of the COVID-19, is still being felt now. One of these changes to our lives is the compulsory requirement to wear a face mask when leaving home. Now, of course, this requirement has brought up some challenges for using our technology, such as banking and payment applications, which need facial recognition to activate it! However, ZDNet have reported that algorithms can now see-through face masks (pretty sweet, right?) The US Department of Homeland Security has carried out trials to test whether facial recognition algorithms could correctly identify masked individuals. This could be a real support for travel, banking and mobile technology in the future. Read more on the trial here. Towards Data Science: Predicting the outcome of NBA games with Machine Learning The NBA season is back and well underway. Will the Los Angeles Lakers take the top spot again this year? Lots of fans will be making their own predictions as the season begins, but new research has been used to help predict the outcome of NBA games – with the help of the insightful tech that is machine learning. Focusing on five core steps, the team at 'Towards Data Science' used Big Data Analytics to help them predict the outcome of games: Scraping Relevant DataCleaning and Processing the DataFeature EngineeringData AnalysisPredictions Through the research, they found that the best published model had a prediction accuracy of 74.1 per cent (for playoff outcomes), with most others achieving an upper bound between 66–72 per cent accuracy. That's scarily good! Click here to read more on the study and see the statistics in action. We've loved seeing all the news from Data and Analytics in the past week, it's a market full of exciting and dynamic opportunities. To learn more about our work in this space, get in touch with us at info@harnham.com.
by Sam Maughan
Why You Should Always Be Learning In Data Science: Tips From Kevin Tran
Last month we sat down with Kevin Tran, a Senior Data Scientist at Stanford University, to chat about Data Science trends, improvements in the industry, and his top tips for success in the market. As one of LinkedIn's Top Voices of 2019 within Data & Analytics. his thoughts on the industry regularly garner hundreds of responses, with debates and discussions bubbling up in the comments from colleagues eager to offer their input. This online reputation has allowed him to make a name for himself, building out his own little corner of the internet with his expertise. But for Tran, it's never been about popularity. "It's not about the numbers," he says without hesitation. "I don't care about posting things just to see the number of likes go up." His goal is always connection, to speak with others and learn from them while teaching from his own background. He's got plenty of stories from his own experiences. For him, sharing is a powerful way to lead others down a path he himself is still discovering. When asked about the most important lesson he's learned in the industry, he says it all boils down to staying open to new ideas. "You have to continue to learn, and you have to learn how to learn. If you stop learning, you'll become obsolete pretty soon, particularly in Data Science. These technologies are evolving every day. Syntax changes, model frameworks change, and you have to constantly keep yourself updated." He believes that one of the best ways to do that is through open discussion. His process is to share in order to help others. When he has a realisation, he wants to set it in front of others to pass along what he's learned; he wants to see how others react to the same problem, if they agree or see a different angle. It's vital to consider what you needed to know at that stage. Additionally, this exchange of ideas allows Tran to learn from how others tackle the same problems, as well as get a glimpse into other challenges he may have not yet encountered. "When I mentor people, I'm still learning, myself," Tran confesses. "There's so much out there to learn, you can't know it all. Data Science is so broad." At the end of the day, it all comes down to helping each other and bringing humanity back to the forefront. In fact, this was his biggest advice for both how to improve the industry and how to succeed in it. It's a point he comes back to with some regularity in his writing. "It doesn't matter how smart you are, stay humble and respect everyone," one post reads. "Everyone can teach you something you don't know." Treating people well, understanding their needs, and consciously working to see them as people instead of numbers or titles—this, Tran argues, is how you succeed in the business. To learn and grow, you must work with people, especially people with different skills and mindsets. Navigating your career is not all technical, even in the world of Data. "The thing that cannot be automated is having a heart," he tells me sagely. Beyond this, Tran stresses the need for a solid foundation. The one thing you can't afford to do is take shortcuts. You have to learn the practicalities and how to apply them, but to be strong in theory as well. Understanding what is happening underneath the code will keep you moving forward. He compares knowing the tools to learning math with a calculator. "If you take the calculator away, you still need to be able to do the work. You need the underlying skills too, so that when you're in a situation without the calculator, you can still provide solutions." By constantly striving to collaborate and improve, Tran believes the Data industry has the best chance of innovating successfully. If you're looking for a new challenge in an innovative and collaborative environment, we may have a role for you. Take a look at our latest opportunities or get in touch with one of our expert consultants to find out more.
by William Reichert
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Not Youngsters, However Adults Are Taking part in Marbles
in marbles
Tap into the twisted aspect of your imagination as you create contraptions, construct roaring fair rides, and spin big spider webs. The sculptures from the Parthenon have come to behave as a focus for Western European tradition and civilisation, and have found a home in a museum that grew out of the eighteenth-century 'Enlightenment', with its emphasis on developing a shared frequent tradition that goes beyond national boundaries.
Gamers still shoot so as, from the place their marbles lie, but hitting a mib only wins that player that one marble. Talking of branding, Marbles now juggles her personal YouTube channel plus a podcast recorded along with her longtime love and fellow YouTuber Julian Solomita, Jenna & Julian Podcast.
Meanwhile in London, the Elgin Marbles started a brand new chapter of their history – as museum objects. But this inclusive move remains to be pivotal: According to Fast Co. Design , Uno is at the moment the most well-liked noncollectible card game on this planet.
The exterior of the National Gallery of Artwork in Washington, D.C. , is of Tennessee marble, and the Lincoln Memorial comprises marbles from Xmas, Colorado, Alabama (roof transparencies), and Georgia (Lincoln statue). Marbles is a server-side software that formats Semantic Web content for XHTML shoppers using Fresnel lenses and codecs.
As soon as he intended to convey the Parthenon Marbles again to London, he was always clear that he wished them to be housed within the British Museum. There are additionally other sorts of marbles used as we speak reminiscent of mica marbles, while the outdated homemade marbles and vintage marbles are uncommon and laborious to find.
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