text:
The multiverse is not a paradigm and it's not shifting anything.
Google "multiverse paradigm" and you get more than a thousand hits. According to Wikipedia a paradigm "describes distinct concepts or thought patterns". Unfortunately, the multiverse is pretty much the opposite: There's no distinct concept, but instead a variety of loosely related properties of existing theories that are being construed to have a common theme which, we are then told, is sign of an impending paradigm shift.
I'm starting to take offense in this forward defense. If the spread of multiversal "thought patterns" is sold as a paradigm shift, everybody opposed to the multiverse is discarded as being stuck in yesterday. It's only the enlightened who are ahead of their time and understand the significance. I really don't think there's any paradigm here and certainly nothing is shifting. To see why, it's helpful to distinguish two different classes of multiverses that are presently being discussed, usually thrown together.
1. The Multiverse of Disappointed Hopes
Science works by constructing models for real world systems. These models can then be used to understand what happens in the real world, and to make predictions. A theory is a map from a model to the real world. The model should not be confused with the theory itself. The theory is what tells you how to identify properties of the model with the real world. The model is the actual stand-in for the real world system.
Einstein's General Relativity for example is a theory: it's a prescription for how to deal with space-time and particles moving in it. A model is the space-time of a star or an approximately homogeneous matter distribution. It's the theory of General Relativity, but the ΛCDM model. Likewise, there's quantum field theory, and the standard model. Needless to say, not everybody uses this terminology all the time, but that's how I want to use it.
Models and theories are not only used in physics and don't necessarily have to be mathematical. Psychologists have models for human behavior that they apply to patients – the 'real world'. A drawing is a model, in this case the "theory" that connects it to the real world comes for free with your visual cortex. A story is a model, the "theory" is your knowledge of the language that relates letters to real world objects or actions. And so on. The merit of mathematical models is that they have a very strict quality control, which is self-consistency.
And then there are toy models.
Toy models are models that do not have real world counterparts. It's drawings of creatures that don't exit or stories of people that have never lived. They're playgrounds of creativity that can teach us lessons about the theory, which is why studying toy models is a very common and often fruitful exercise. There's an infinite amount of such toy models. You could say there's a whole multiverse of them, all these toy models that don't map to any part of the universe we know. Asking whether what they describe is real is like asking if Harry Potter really exists because a story has been written about him. The difference between fantasy novels and physicist's toy models is the size of the interested audience, but in spirit they're the same exercises in creativity.
So, sure there are models that don't describe the real world, in physics as well as in painting. That's because mathematical consistency alone does not imply a model describes what we observe, much like using English does not imply you talk about real people. Additional requirements are needed besides consistency to construct a useful model, and these requirements are always agreement with observations, though this isn't always explicitly phrased this way. When we assume Lorentz-invariance or renormalizability or absence of ghosts, these are physical requirements ultimately based on our experience.
This means a multiverse that you can get rid of by adding the requirement that the model needs to describe observation is neither new, nor surprising, nor something to worry about. It just means that mathematical consistency of whatever theory it is you're dealing with is not sufficient to make a particular prediction. The string theory landscape is a multiverse of this type. The only reason people talk about this now is that many of them had been hoping string theory would make some requirements that one needs in the standard model unnecessary. Alas, these hopes were disappointed, though the last word might not be spoken yet.
Does it make sense to instead talk about probability distributions over the models you get when you refuse to use existing ties to observations, here specifically the values of certain parameters? No. Because that's cherry picking the observations you want to neglect.
In the construction of the model there always enter many other observations that are being neglected if one considers such probability distributions, such as the number of (large) dimensions, Lorentz-invariance, or the existence of space-time to begin with – these are not requirements of mathematical consistency, these are physical requirements based on observations. If you wanted to be serious with asking for the probability of particular models, you should sample over all models, in the end over all that is mathematically consistent. You'd be left with Tegmark's mathematical multiverse. And in that mathematical universe you'd have replaced the question "Which model describes the real world?" with "Where are we in the mathematical universe?" You don't gain anything.
Once you have seen the power of mathematical models to describe natural systems, it is natural to ask if there is a mathematical model that describes "everything" we see. I believe there is. But people who search for a "theory of everything" today mean more than that. They want in particular a theory that delivers the parameters in the standard model. But even if that would be achieved, we would still have to use other axioms that are ultimately based on observations. So while it is worthwhile to try to find a simpler model that reduces the number of axioms, including values of parameters, we can never avoid using input from observation. If we do, we'll end up with a multiverse which just tells us that mathematical consistency isn't sufficient.
So if you have a multiverse that can be eliminated by the requirement that the model is consistent with observation, this isn't a paradigm shift, it's just disappointed hopes.
2. The multiverse package deal
But there's a different type of multiverse, one that you cannot get rid of by requiring match to observation. It's the case in which a theory applied to a model that describes a real world system necessarily maps into a space that is larger than what we observe. Eternal inflation and the many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics are of this type. Or, more mundanely, there is nothing in ΛCDM that predicts the universe just ends beyond the distance that we can (presently) observe, so you have a multiverse beyond our observations.
This opens a can of interpretational worms because we can now endlessly discuss whether the not observable images of the map are real or not. Personally, I find this a rather fruitless debate about the meaning of the world 'real'. To me a model is a tool to describe the real world and if it does that, and if it's an improvement over other models, I don't care if there are mathematical elements in the model that don't correspond to real world observables. Mathematics is full of structures that for all we know don't correspond to anything we observe anyway. I don't see a reason why we must be able to observe them all.
But, no, I don't think you should just shut up and calculate. Because we might be mistaken in thinking that what the theory predicts beyond our observable universe is indeed unobservable. Maybe we just haven't asked the right questions and there are ways to observe it after all.
So it's an interesting feature that theories can display, but it's certainly not a new concept. There's been a century of discussion about the presence of mathematical objects in quantum mechanics that for all we presently know are fundamentally non-observable. So if that's a paradigm shift it's one that has already happened long ago.
3. Wilzcek's Multiversality
Frank Wilzcek recently had a paper on the arxiv titled "Multiversality". The first half of the article is a nicely written general introduction, the second half is about axion cosmology and then the paper ends quite abruptly. The most interesting part of the paper are three positive answers to the question
"Are there aspects of observable reality, i.e. the universe, that can be explained by multiversality, but not otherwise?"
It is fruitful to look at the answers to gauge the depth of the existing arguments in favor of the multiverse:
"Yes – one is the apparent indeterminism of quantum mechanics, despite its deterministic equations."
Wilczek claims here the apparent indeterminism of quantum mechanics can be explained by the many worlds interpretation but not otherwise. That's an objectionable claim, in particular because the qualifier didn't include anything about locality.
"Yes – the outrageously small, but non-zero, value of the dark energy density."
Here he is claiming that there is no other way to explain the measured value of the dark energy density than anthropic reasoning and that anthropic reasoning necessarily implies a multiverse. There are many people who would object on the former and the latter is manifestly wrong. You don't need a multiverse to do anthropic reasoning, see my post Misconceptions about the anthropic principle.
"Yes – the opaque and scattered values of many standard model parameters that are not subject to the discipline of selection."
An interesting answer because it is phrased to suggest that the values of the standard model parameters are scattered to begin with. Even if they were however that wouldn't force us to believe that any possible distribution of values actually exists in a more meaningful sense than Harry Potter exists.
Taken together, these answers tell you aptly just how weak the case for a multiverse really is.
We should distinguish between multiverses that you can eliminate by adding axioms to the theory that tie the model to the real world, and those that you can't eliminate this way. The string theory landscape is of the former type, you "just" have to find the right vacuum, and good luck with finding that. Eternal inflation and the many worlds interpretation are of the latter type. In this case you get more than you asked for. One can interpret this type of multiverse as a calculation device which might have its uses. It might also turn out that these multiverses aren't unobservable after all, so these ideas certainly merit some investigation. In any case however, there's no paradigm shifting here.
Posted by Sabine Hossenfelder at 11:26 AM Labels: Cosmology, Papers, Physics, Random Thoughts
Anonymous 12:33 PM, September 26, 2013
Again I agree with you Sabine, and then some. Many-worlds came up elsewhere today, if you don't mind I'll repeat what I said:
See position space and momentum space on wiki and note the reference to the Fourier transform. Then take a look at weak measurement work by Aephraim Steinberg and Jeff Lundeen et als. Note Jeff's semi-technical explanation where he says this:
So what does this mean? We hope that the scientific community can now improve upon the Copenhagen Interpretation, and redefine the wavefunction so that it is no longer just a mathematical tool, but rather something that can be directly measured in the laboratory.
Think of the photon as a waveform in space, analagous to a seismic wave deep in the ground. It goes through both slits and interferes with itself. However when you detect it at one slit you perform a wavefunction-wavefunction interaction that operates akin to an optical Fourier transform. The photon is transformed into a dot at that slit so it goes through that slit only, and there is no interference. When you detect it on the screen you perform another wavefunction-wavefunction interaction that again operates akin to an optical Fourier transform. Hence you get a dot on the screen. No magic, no mystery, and no many-worlds is required.
Arun 2:26 PM, September 26, 2013
You wrote "It just means that mathematical consistency of whatever theory it is you're dealing with is not sufficient to make a particular prediction. The string theory landscape is a multiverse of this type. The only reason people talk about this now is that many of them had been hoping string theory would make some requirements that one needs in the standard model unnecessary. "
If we give string theory all the requirements one needs to put into the Standard Model, can it give us a unique answer? Or are there many answers that differ in between say 100 TeV and the string scale, even though they all agree with the Standard Model at the current level of experimental precision?
If there are many answers, i.e., the Standard Model under-determines the String Model, isn't that a different flavor of multiverse?
L. Edgar Otto 2:34 PM, September 26, 2013
Sorry, smartphone posting lag:
I said:
Sabine, a very enjoyable reading and analysis... a sensible stance as philosophy too. I too saw the need to reason out the multiverse and manyworlds distinction, obviously. But to me if it is the case of what nature does in some location it always was and will always be the case also. (at least it can be this way intermittently over a span of space and time)... your English is better than mine! You would sell a lot of books, and helpful ones too, if you expanded this to a popularization on physics - but the physics itself is more important. Each of us in a sense is this paradox of a manyworld wishing for some change of mystery to come. I comment to you after just writing a chapter with local color and clarity (will put it in my fb notes about a character Jubal) which I hope let me see right away the clarity and coherence of your essay for the depth it is in an honest assessment. We all know the anthropic principle is a holding one and a cop out.
uair01 3:58 PM, September 26, 2013
Bonus points for the extreme funniness of the Merkel examples :-)
PlatoHagel 5:33 PM, September 26, 2013
For some reason "green as Envy," kept coming to mind(not even sure what that was suppose to mean)?:)Merkel's 3rd term? Pretty amazing for a minority government that has to now work with the social left?
Perhaps, such distinction as multiversial may arise now as questions of what is qualitative versus quantitative, by examination? Can you do away with Genus figures and be happy? Can abstraction help to form new ideas?
Maybe we should just do away with the idea of symmetry breaking?:)
Neil Bates 8:28 PM, September 26, 2013
Bee, clever and entertaining rundown of the issues. I love all that Merkel stuff (BTW folks she is not "conservative" by USA standards!) One point regarding models in general: there is an intuitive pressure that many can't resist, that "realistic" models just have to be true. Hence, e.g. the push to believe that the wavefunction exists and just has to keep on evolving, despite the evidence to the contrary of unpredictable, exclusivising outcomes.
But I think that the universe is not "realistic", not like classical EM or a draftsman's drawing. It just isn't like that no matter how much most scientists (?) want it to be like that. So there really isn't an answer to, what is one entangled particle like before it's measured etc or does the WF "really exist" at first and then "just vanish everywhere else" when we make a measurement. The world is relational and not locally realistic.
As for measurement and collapse, I think that things happen the way they seem to: nuclei decay at specific moments and there are no other cats in other worlds, an atom in a detector just by chance can grab enough energy to make the transition and take the energy out of action for any other atom, etc. Perhaps it's part of the energy-time uncertainty relation? But in any case it is silly to keep forcing classical ideas on things.
johnduffieldblog: I'm sorry but that concept does not remove the mystery. You have an extended WF and the problem is to explain how it can end up of any of *many* possible final positions. Furthermore, part of the weirdness of quantum mechanics is that you can get multiple outcomes (like, muon lifetimes) from an (AFAWK) identical starting point. That is just not deterministic. Any mathematical process is deterministic, so-called random functions actually describe the space of outcomes and do not *produce* varying outcomes by themselves.
Robert L. Oldershaw 9:16 PM, September 26, 2013
Two quick comments on this most interesting blog post.
1. A paradigm is an overarching conceptual framework for an entire field of study. Thus the theory of biological evolution is the paradigm for biology and provides a conceptual framework for the various theories and models of that field. The term paradigm is often used incorrectly to mean any new and unorthodox idea, theory or model, regardless of conceptual basis and scope.
2. I am very glad to see you question Wilczek on his three specious reasons for making a multiverse model mandatory. I was shocked when I read that part of the paper. He is supposed to be a deep thinker and highly qualified physicist, and yet when it comes to fashionable ideas like string theory/SUSY and the multiverse, he and many others seem to lose their scientific compasses.
Anonymous 3:27 AM, September 27, 2013
Well said Robert. I would put it more strongly and say guys like Wilczek are harming physics by peddling woo like that. The public will end up thinking they shouldn't fund physics if that's what physicists come up with.
Neil: sure, it doesn't answer everything, but that concept surely knocks the many-worlds fantasy on the head.
Sabine Hossenfelder 5:03 AM, September 27, 2013
Hi Arun,
Good point, I was somewhat careless on that. No, I don't think it's a different type of multiverse it just means you need observations that you haven't yet been able to make. It's like having the standard model Lagrangian with the mass of the top quark missing. Nobody would call that a multiverse. To begin with, you never know the parameters exactly anyway because there's always measurement uncertainty. So if that was a multiverse, we'd always have a multiverse in the trivial sense that there are infinitely many real numbers in any finite interval, no matter how good the precision. Best,
I agree with Neil.
Yes, I would agree on 1). Re 2) I too found the Wilczek paper disappointing though it's so strangely patched together that I suspect there might have been a deadline pressure having something to do with the outcome. It starts pretty good and is nicely written, but it reads like he run out of steam after a few pages and then instead copied a summary of some other recent work. Best,
Phillip Helbig 5:29 AM, September 27, 2013
For what it's worth, Max Tegmark is careful to define the four levels of multiverses he discusses. (I would use other terminology, but at least he defines clearly what he means and sticks to it.) Also, the multiverses he talks about are not hypotheses, but rather predictions of other theories. Sure, the theories might be wrong, but in principle can be ruled out (not necessarily via arguments involving multiverses).
Philip: let's take a look at Tegmark's multiverses:
1 Beyond our cosmological horizon: GR allows us to envisage an early universe where energy-density/pressure was very high, much as it is down near a black hole where gravitational time dilation is high. So if the universe expands even at some sedate pace, any observers within that universe would assert that the expansion was extremely rapid. Like inflation. Only if the universe was infinite, it couldn't expand. But it does.
2 Universes with different physical constants: this universe has different physical constants. The fine structure constant is a running constant, the coordinate speed of light varies in a gravitational field, invariant mass varies, the cosmological constant isn't constant, and so on.
3 Many Worlds: see comment1 above.
4 Ultimate ensemble: the universe is not made of mathematics.
All this multiverse stuff is to me so great an absurdity that I believe no man who has in philosophical matters a competent faculty of thinking can ever fall into it.
"Only if the universe was infinite, it couldn't expand."
Robert L. Oldershaw 11:40 AM, September 27, 2013
Less than 100 years ago scientists discovered that most of what we could observe was contained within one galaxy, and there were at least 100 billion other galaxies at larger distances. The fundamental physics in each of these galaxies appeared to be exactly the same, and that hypothesis has been validated over the subsequent decades.
Is it so unthinkable that the same type of discovery process could be repeated? Perhaps, once again, what we observe is all part of one metagalactic object, and there are countless numbers of these objects, and the fundamental physics is exactly the same in each one.
You ask: Where would this hierarchy end? I answer: Why would you assume that there must be an "end"?
Zephir 11:55 AM, September 27, 2013
For me the multiverse is a political phenomenon of decadent and religious physics of current era. It's a consequence of the fact, that the theorists adhere on (the postulates of) their beloved theories so much, they're willing to attribute any deviation from them to ultramundanne effects, i.e. the multiverse instead of to possible violation of these theories.
So for example instead of looking for falsification of Big Bang model they're looking for additional multiverses, which are fulfilling the Big Bang model.
Zephir 12:06 PM, September 27, 2013
/*..Are there aspects of observable reality, i.e. the universe, that can be explained by multiversality, but not otherwise..*/
You can always explain multiversality with more general model. Existing theories are just four - ten dimensional: the physicists still didn't started to think about actual dimensionality of our Universe, which is apparently much higher. In AWT the universe is infinitely-dimensional and such a model indeed doesn't require to introduce multiverse at all.
But the contemporary physicists apparently think, that the Universe is low-dimensional in the same way, like their formal reductionist theories - after then they're indeed face the excessive degree of freedom during fitting of their theories into reality. But it's just because they have no more general theory developed yet (and the dense aether model is not good enough for them).
Joshuaite 1:36 PM, September 27, 2013
>"Only if the universe was infinite, it couldn't expand."
>>"Why not?"
Because an infinite object is by definition unquantifiable.
If an object can expand then it is obviously quantifiable and thus not infinite.
janvones 3:40 PM, September 27, 2013
And there shall in that time be rumours of things going astray, and there will be a great confusion as to where things really are, and nobody will really know where lieth those little things with the sort of raffia work base, that has an attachment…at this time, a friend shall lose his friends's hammer and the young shall not know where lieth the things possessed by their fathers that their fathers put there only just the night before around eight o'clock...
/* ..If an object can expand then it is obviously quantifiable and thus not infinite .. */
It's true, that the steady-state infinite universe model disfavors the expansion, but because our visibility scope in it is limited, the the observable portion of Universe can still exhibit some transform as a whole. IMO we don't observe such an transform, as all phenomena (red shift, dark energy and CMBR anisotropy) can be explained with geometry of light scattering in it.
JimV 8:57 PM, September 27, 2013
I also think an infinite universe can expand. Someone, I think it was Cantor, or perhaps Hilbert, showed that there are infinite sets of different sizes (some are bigger than others).
More basically than that, I can conceive of an infinite universe containing all its matter in a regular lattice with a spacing of x dimensional units between adjacent particles. (A toy model.) Now let x increase with time (all the particles move farther apart). That is how we define expansion in our universe, is it not?
Also, there is the example of Cantor's Hotel. It has as many rooms as there are positive integers, but even when it is full it can accept new guests. To make room, all the quests move into even-numbered rooms. The guests in room 1 move into room 2, those in room 2 move into room 4, room n moves into room 2n, and so on, leaving all the odd-numbered rooms free for occupancy.
I think infinite sets can be infinitely weird and normal intuition does not apply.
Philip: an infinite universe can't expand because the pressure is counterbalanced at all locations.
See Phil Plait's blog. He said dark energy acts like pressure. This is often described as negative pressure, but that's only because gravity pulls. The cosmological constant is "the energy density of space", and it's positive. Space has a positive volume, and energy = pressure x volume. So the pressure is positive too.
Uncle Al 12:17 PM, September 28, 2013
Early theoretical chemistry calculated organic molecules' enthalpies of formation within a hartree or so. A chemical bond is 3 ev maximum. Look up a hartree. For less than a textbook's price, HyperChem Lite calculates bond lengths and angles within 2% of crystal structures. Enthalpies of formation snug measurement. Five minutes of "crude" mm+ iteration does it.
Physics' 40 years refining string and quantum gravitations; standard model anomalies, violations, and breakings; dark matter; and showing GR is not complete, offer NOTHING empirical. Physics is 1) stuck in a local minimum, or 2) has a defective founding postulate. There is no escape by doing more of the same. mm+ has a molecular symmetry defect. The vendor confirms that failure, but nobody else has complained. Naughty me.
I propose five classes of geometric tests of spacetime geometry targetting assumed exact vacuum mirror symmetry toward matter. Physics boldly rejects the concept: "It contradicts accepted theory." So does observed reality. What can physics lose by loading existing apparatus with chemistry? Angela Merkel is a physical chemist. Her success knows "within a hartree" is not good enough, however easy and popular it is to obtain.
John_____, an infinite universe can indeed expand in the sense of benchmark locations like galaxies that see uniform CMBR will all get farther and farther apart. The pressure issue is all relative to a given object, no other *net* pressure means that gravity or DE can act to attract and repel them just as before. (Also, REM the Newtonian approximation of the outer reference galaxy being just under the continued infinite series of outer shells with gravity all canceling out.)
However, an energy paradox can be formed from this concept. We can imagine a model universe with each reference object (equivalent to a galaxy) connected by elastic bands like a "jungle gym" (x, y, z axes in all directions and repeated indefinitely without an edge. Well, the tension in the bands all cancels out for a given object (vector cancellation of pulls.) So, the objects can continue to expand just as if they were free-floating. However that causes a problem with conservation of energy. (See my blog post at http://tyrannogenius.blogspot.com/2010_03_01_archive.html.)
Neil Bates 10:50 PM, September 28, 2013
Oops I fudged that a bit - pressure does have its own contribution to effective gravitational mass but that just alters the magnitude, it still does not prevent a deceleration/acceleration parameter from applying to an infinite universe. If our universe is expanding past the break even Omega value then it should be hyperbolic and in simplest topology, literally infinite (altho I suppose that DE and vacuum variations etc makes all this dicey.)
MarkusM 1:13 AM, September 29, 2013
Neil: IMHO it's best to consider space alone. You know how a balloon analogy is often employed? The balloon skin is elastic. To expand the balloon you pump air in, effectively adding energy. Alternatively you can make the balloon skin weaker, whereupon it expands without any conservation-of-energy issues. For a better analogy move on to the raisins-in-the-cake, but forget about the raisins.
Note that big-bang cosmology says the universe started small. An infinite universe contradicts that. You can't have your cake and eat it.
Uncle Al 10:51 AM, September 29, 2013
An expanding infinite universe is Escher's hyperbolic tesselation of a circle. Draw a larger radius concentric circle about the original, erase the original circle's boundary, expand. Ditto a ball's volume, etc.
An infinite universe can expand though you have to be careful with defining what you mean with expansion. It's normally taken to mean a 'local' expansion with respect to fixed 'yardsticks'. For example, the space between galaxies increases relative to the size of the galaxies themselves, irrespective of whether or not there's an infinite amount of galaxies. And that is not theory but an observational fact. Best,
Sorry, I realize the last sentence of my previous comment could be misunderstood. This expansion is well described by General Relativity of course. I meant that there's no ambiguity in this prediction.
Giotis 5:22 AM, September 30, 2013
Sabine what you write about String theory landscape is not quite correct in the sense that there is a real dynamical mechanism which allows you to realize the string vacua (i.e. it is not just a mathematical landscape).
To make it concrete suppose in a point of an eternally inflating space the corresponding flux which parametrizes the Calabi-Yau suddenly changes; the end result of this is the transition to another string vacuum i.e. another universe is created.
This is a key point and this is why String landscape is seen in conjunction with eternal inflation. I.e. String landscape provides the possibilities and eternal inflation permits you to realize these possibilities.
Zephir 6:01 AM, September 30, 2013
/*..expansion is well described by General Relativity of course. I meant that there's no ambiguity in this prediction..*/
The dense aether model explains expansion of Universe with scattering of light waves at the density fluctuations of vacuum (which are known as a CMBR noise). This leads to change of light waves with distance from ANY observer in this system. This leads to famous Einstein's expansion paradox: the space-time expands globally, although it nowhere expands locally.
Such a situation can be modeled with scattering of ripples at the water surface. One observer sitting at the water surface would see, that the wavelength of surface ripples is shrunken at the place of remote observer. But this distant observer will see exactly the same about first observer. Both perspectives are perfectly equivalent, so there is no expansion of space-time at all from global perspective. But because this global perspective is not available for any observer, we are forced to think about two multiverses with different reference frames, in which each of observer is residing.
IMO the Einstein's expansion paradox is impossible to explain without dense aether model.
Why would it change? Or let me ask the question differently. Suppose somebody found a vacuum that fits with all observed parameter values/gauge symmetries and so on. Do you think anybody would care about the rest? Best,
/* Suppose somebody found a vacuum that fits with all observed parameter values/gauge symmetries and so on. Do you think anybody would care about the rest? */
It's a question of economy of such prediction too. The people are looking not only for more exact solutions, but for more effective solutions too. I presume, they're willing to continue with it, until we would be willing to pay them for it.
It's a QM effect. If you wait enough it will change.
Before moduli stabilization via fluxes there was the hope that the theory will stabilize the moduli in a way that the end result would resemble our type of vacuum. This together with a vacuum selection principle (maybe derived from some internal consistency condition of the theory) would allow us to further pinpoint our vacuum via a top-down approach.
After KKLT and flux compactifications milestones though(the notorious 10^500 vacua etc)it was realized that such a possibility is very difficult to be realized if not impossible.
Of course even now if they could find the exact string vacuum we are living (via a bottom-up approach) would be extremely important for the theory and in String phenomenology considerable progress has been made in that direction. But of course this doesn't mean that there is no multiverse (at least according to the current state of affairs you never know what future research might reveal).
The question is this: Is it wrong to assume a "selected" vacuum, forget about stabilizing it. Best,
Giotis 3:56 PM, September 30, 2013
I don't think so (if I understand your question correctly). If you don't stabilize the moduli you get a bunch of massless scalar fields with undetermined VEVs. The VEVs of these scalars on the other hand are related to the values of specific parameters (e.g. coupling constants) of the effective theory in the 4 uncompactified dimensions; you won't be able to make predictions if you don't determine the VEVs of the moduli. Basically you don't have a model to work with.
kashyap vasavada 11:35 AM, October 03, 2013
This is perhaps a late comment for this blog, but I hope, you Bee, or someone else on this blog would respond. I am somewhat sympathetic to the idea of multiverse in the cosmological sense but not at all in the quantum mechanics (Everett) sense. For QM it seems to me that this is total copout because we do not understand QM . My reasoning is this. This idea in QM is so vague and arbitrary that perhaps it cannot even be called science. Suppose a professor asks his graduate student to do a QM expt next morning. If the student comes to work early then the universe splits. If the student feels lazy that morning and does not do the expt then the universe does not split!!! After the experiment is done with say a billion electrons or photons the final result is completely predictable. Any other graduate student will get the same answer. Thus all the split universes have to conspire to give the same final answer! If the argument is that the universe is split already in heavens before any experiment is done and you are just choosing the branch (by free will?!!), that argument would be too religious and unscientific (Not that I have any objection to that. I am not atheist!). I am puzzled why some distinguished scientists would believe in Everett multiverse at all.
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For sure, it's not easy to say, as you stated, but more succinctly, it's not at all easy to do. I remember the line of Christian men not so long ago that were waiting their beheading by ISIS as they stood by the shore with their heads bowed. I prayed instantly for their souls, those martyrs. I force myself to pray for those inflicting undo harm because that is the Holy way but I'm afraid that within my heart ❤ God may see that I am not very sincere as he knows and sees all. Sincerity must be part of the prayer. Do you think practice helps?
That's what they say – but in praying I will have to mention that it is a practice motion until I get it right – i.e. sincere.


Yep! It's finally time for a rooting-tooting roadway pursuit for skip-tracer, Tommy Nowak, one involving a pretty dame, a bunch of Nazi's, a load of cash, and a pink car. Plus do you know what else? This is all brought to you by Director: Buddy Van Horn; with Actors: Clint Eastwood and Bernadette Peters. It was made in 1989, and has a total running time of 122 minutes.Cool beans.
What would you do if you were the skip-tracer, Tommy Nowak (Clint Eastwood), and you just managed to capture your beautiful young target, Lou Ann (Bernadette Peters), with a sack load of money, and a pristine conditioned Pink Cadillac?
Huh? What's that you say? You'd help Lou Ann retrieve her baby from her sisters place? Despite her husband, Roy (Timothy Carhart), being a member of a Nazi klan, who she stole the money from in the first place!
Nah! I wouldn't do that, pal. I'm sure Roy plus one of his pals would beat you to the punch. Prompting Tommy to do what he does best, and attempt to swap cash for kid.
Well, Tommy is a skip-tracer you know, and he can outsmarts them with every single move they make. For example, he can tracks down the general location of the klans base camp, by finding a forged ID in the glove compartment of the Pink Cadillac. Then, he can show it to the forger of said ID, Ricky Z (Geoffrey Lewis). who will inform him where to go to penetrate the camp in question, and piss off the head of this group, Alex (Michael Des Barres).
Still, that's most probably why what next transpires all kicks off when things don't go according to plan. As baby's go boom - klans go doom - attacks go zoom - and at the end of the day adventures really do bloom.
I am afraid to say that 'Pink Cadallac' is what I would call a mixed film. No. Not in plot. As that's pretty simple enough. The basic premise is about a bounty-hunter who has to find a pretty-prey – bounty-hunter finds pretty-prey – bounty-hunter feels sorry for pretty-prey and helps her out – hunter and pretty fall in love – and, they... errr... do 'something' together to cement their relationship – the end.
Simple right? So what is so mixed about it then? Again. Somewhat simple. The acting. Whenever Clint or Bernadette are on screen together – this is good. But whenever anyone else is on screen, with only one or two minor exceptions – this is bad. And the bad in this case has to do with the bad – the bad-guys!
They're just sh*t! I was more scared that they actually got a job in the film industry than how they performed on screen! It's as if they inhabited the keystone cops whilst pretending to be macho and gruff.
OK – OK – OK, I don't want to be too critical. It's just that's precisely what this film is lacking – a decent protagonist who can make you generally worry about the situation that Clint's and Bernadette's characters are in. Also, another thing that is also a bit 'off', is Clint's mimicry skills. Well, when he has to throw his voice whilst pretending to dupe a suspect into capture... ermm... it just does not sound right to me.
Still, whilst saying that about Clint, all in all this latter point is only a minor quibble really, and generally speaking both Clint and Bernadette are the two main reasons to watch this film.
Plus Bernadette's other more womanly attributes of course, WOOOF-WOOF!
Good film, sloppy in places.


text:
To Be Remembered Is to Be Alive: Legacy and Remembrance in 'Storyteller'
September 3, 2019 July 23, 2019 by sampler
In Laguna culture, stories are as central as the language that tells them. Stories weave the world together and are constantly being reinvented and recreated over time. In Storyteller, Leslie Marmon Silko layers short stories, pictures, and poems to portray the common theme that stories and having a storyteller to remember them creates a world where no one truly dies, but lives on in memories. Although all of her works convey this idea, Silko's short stories, "Storyteller" and "The Storyteller's Escape", use characterization to illustrate the cyclical immortality of stories and the ever present need for someone to remember and recite this history. "Storyteller" uses characterization and plot to exemplify the everlasting aspect of stories as well as the customary continuation of a storyteller. Within "Storyteller" there are three main stories present: the grandfather's story, the story of the woman's parents' death, and the the woman's story. Although each of these stories takes place in its own time, with its own characters, they snowball into one, intertwined story.
The grandfather's story is told throughout the story of the women's, and unfolds as hers does. Alternatively, the parents' death story molds the woman's story, shaping what she will do and say. From the beginning of the tale it is explained that the grandfather is always "[continuing] with the stories"(18) and "telling a story even while he dreams" (19). Silko presents a modernized version of a figure ancient in Laguna culture: the storyteller. The grandfather is telling a story the reader does not know at first. His story takes the form of a "giant bear" (21) which he describes in great detail, painting the beginning of his persistent drama. Although little is known about the story at this point, it will unravel parallel to the women's story. Interrupting the grandfather's story, Silko soon transitions to the story of the woman's parents' death. The memory ends with the grandmother overcome with sadness and anger about the lies the storekeeper told to avoid being culpable for the deaths (24). Truth is an important ingredient within stories, and the storekeeper's lies shine as a defiling twist on the sacred aspect of stories. Trailing the parents' story, a hunter joins the grandfather's story. The hunter is attempting to lure the bear to it's death, and this portion of the story ends with the old man muttering in his sleep that "the story must be told. There must not be any lies"(25). This statement contrasts the previous story about the storekeeper and foreshadows the woman's story. Silko begins twisting together each element of the story creating one unified moment. As the bear approaches the hunter, so the woman approaches the storekeeper. The woman creates her story as she leads the storekeeper to his death in the icy river (28). The end of the grandfather's story is not revealed yet, but looms as the women's events unfurl.
Silko introduces two stories, seemingly different, but with the exact same content. She is updating an old story into a new story, showing the way they grow and live on. The parents' story too, ties back into the woman's tale. When asked about why she refuses to say the death was an accident she relates her story back to that of her parents explaining that "He lied to them…But I will not lie" (28). The woman juxtaposes the storekeeper's murder of her parents to her murder of the storekeeper. Both were premeditated, both could appear as an accident, but the woman took responsibility for her story while the storekeeper marred his story with lies. The woman uses almost the same words as the grandfather did when finishing her story. She explains that "the story must be told as it is"(30), echoing the grandfather's "there must not be any lies" (25). Silko punctuates the importance of stories in Laguna culture as well as the pride associated with the truth in them and maintaining them overtime. The woman's story ends with her recitation of the beginning of her own story; continuously looping her tale just as the grandfather had done with his (30). This represents the need for a storyteller, and proves that the position of storyteller will continue to live just as the stories continue to live. The grandfather finishes his story explaining that as the hunter waited to kill the bear his plans were shattered as he dropped a knife and it shattered against the ice. The man was defenseless and the bear was victorious in the end (30). The bear represents the woman, and displays the repetitive, ever evolving nature of Laguna stories. As time goes on the stories shapeshift, never dying, but adjusting with the era. Similarly, the storyteller never dies but is passed on like the stories. After the grandfather's time is done the task of telling the stories is passed on to the young woman. The woman becomes the storyteller, and she will tell her version of the same story. As people and their lives fade, the stories continue. The job of telling the story moves on to another, creating an everlasting life for the stories they tell.
Although a very different story, "The Storyteller's Escape" focuses around the same themes as "Storyteller." Through characterization and content, Silko builds another world of timeless truth and tradition. This time focusing more heavily on the importance of having a storyteller to remember each story and to keep the memories of the lost alive. The beginning of "The Storyteller's Escape" vividly portrays the undying importance of the stories. The narrator explains that "with these stories of ours / we can escape almost anything / with these stories we can survive" (239). Silko presents multiple meaning in these lines. The storyteller has heard all the stories; she knows every circumstance and how it ended. Because of this she can literally "escape almost anything" (239). There is no new problem, nothing someone else has not already done. For the storyteller, she can escape by calling upon stories of the past to direct her. The stories morph into one another, repeating history and guiding the lives of the living. The other part of this quote states that through the stories "we can survive" (239). The connotation changes here from surviving in life to surviving eternally. The stories help them navigate through their lives, and in death their lives become part of the stories. Rather than dying, they survive through being remembered.
This same idea can be seen more distinctly as the tale of the old storyteller begins. The storyteller is aged and approaching death. As she stumbles towards the end of her life she utters that she "could die peacefully / if there was just someone to tell / how I finally stopped / and where" (241). This relates back to the beginning idea that even in death stories create survival. Silko illustrates how desperately important stories are through the plea of the woman for someone to be there to remember her. Rather than dying without anyone to witness, the storyteller creates her own story to tell of her death. She creates a child who "turned back for a last look at her" (242). This fictitious child will be able to remember that storyteller and tell of her life and how it ended. This not only passes on the storyteller's story to someone else, but the position of storyteller as well. Similarly to "Storyteller", "The Storyteller's Escape" emphasizes the importance of a new storyteller taking up where the old one ended. Although the child was made up so the old storyteller could die in peace, Silko gave this excerpt a narrator. Someone is telling this story of how the woman wanted to be remembered and enables her to live on in the memories of those after her. Even though their was no child to see her, someone is describing the story, allowing her to live. Silko creates a beautiful situation again casing story within story, emphasizing the importance of remembering and being remembered.
Leslie Marmon Silko takes on the role of storyteller herself in her book Storyteller. Silko develops the old Laguna stories and transforms them into present day versions of the same lessons. Bringing to life the lives of Laguna people, Silko uses literature to call attention to an overlooked people. Silko's novel and the stories within it preserve the fragmented reality of oral storytelling, safeguarding the characters and situations within her pages. Silko accepts the role of storyteller, and charges her readers to remember. She implores them to remember a people and a culture, a story and a history. Silko demands this act of remembering because to be remembered is to be alive.
Silko, Leslie Marmon. "Storyteller." "The Storyteller's Escape." Storyteller, Penguin Books., New York, 2012.
Categories Storyteller Leave a comment

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A clonal disease of B lymphocytes, Waldenström macroglobulinemia is considered to be a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, as defined by the Revised European American Lymphoma Classification (REAL) and World Health Organization (WHO) classification.
Second, neoplastic lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltrate the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. Less commonly, these cells can infiltrate the liver, lungs, GI tract, kidneys, skin, eyes, and central nervous system (CNS). Infiltration of these organs causes numerous clinical symptoms and signs.
Occasionally, IgM paraprotein has (1) rheumatoid factor activity, (2) antimyelin activity that can contribute to peripheral neuropathy, and (3) immunologically related lupus anticoagulant activity.
No definite etiology exists for Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Environmental, familial, genetic, and viral factors have been reported. IgM monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS) are considered a precursor of Waldenström macroglobulinemia.
Hepatitis C, hepatitis G, and human herpesvirus 8 have been implicated, but as yet, no strong data support a causative link between these viruses and Waldenström macroglobulinemia.
Waldenström macroglobulinemia is a disease of elderly individuals. Most patients present in the seventh or eighth decade of life. The median age at diagnosis in the United States is 65 years, with a slight male predominance.
Different studies have been performed to assess prognosis. Patients with a nodular type of bone marrow involvement tend to do better than those with diffuse involvement.
The most important causes of death in Waldenström macroglobulinemia include progression of the proliferative process, infection, cardiac failure, renal failure, strokes, and GI bleeding. Transformation to a more aggressive immunoblastic variant is less common (6% of cases).


text:
HALSEY & ALANIS MORISSETTE TEAM UP FOR POWERFUL DUET
· June 30, 2020
Halsey and Alanis Morissette came together for a powerful duet.
To celebrate this year's Pride Toronto event, the two singer-songwriters banded together to for a live, at-home acoustic version of "Alanis' Interlude," off Halsey's new album Manic. On the LGBTQ anthem, the singers proudly sing about women loving other women and what it means to be freed from sexual inhibitions.
"'Cause your p—y is a wonderland/ And I could be a better man/ It doesn't matter to me/ Your p—y is a wonderland/ And I could be a better man/ It doesn't matter to me," Halsey and Morissette duet on the sensual chorus, which takes inspiration from John Mayer's 2002 hit "Your Body Is A Wonderland."
As fans know, the Jagged Little Pill legend is one of Halsey's biggest musical inspirations, so coming together this way must have been an unforgettable experience for the young star.
Speaking on how the song came to be in a previous interview, Halsey recalled courting Morissette for the song when she was around nine-months pregnant. "I wrote her a letter and she was nine months pregnant, maybe a little less, and I tried to tell her what an irrevocable impact she'd had on my life," Halsey said. "I told her I would never have been brave enough to say the things I've said if she hadn't said them first, and that I was making a record about all the important parts of me and I couldn't imagine making it without her. And she said yes."
Halsey went on to praise Alanis as someone who "represents sexual and professional empowerment," and how her sexual identity also inspired the song. "In case you missed any of the subtext on my last albums, I'm bi," Halsey added. "And I wanted this song to be very queer. Who better to do it with than Alanis, who's one of the women who helped me feel comfortable with my sexuality as a young person?"
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Choosing your Christmas party dress this festive season is under control thanks to beautiful evening wear from Dynasty London.
Browse their exciting collection of elegant and affordable dresses, ranging from floor length black lace styles to glorious satin ensembles, embellished with sequins to bring sparkle and shine to your outfit.
View their full collection of exquisite dresses their website, www.dynastyuk.co.uk.


text:
2003 | 2002 | 2001 2000 | 1999 | 1998
•12/18 - Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas Blu-ray
•11/06 - Sesame Street: The Magical Wand Chase DVD
•11/02 - Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas CD
•10/09 - Muppets Meet the Classics: Fairy Tales from the Brothers Grimm Book
•09/25 - Fraggle Rock: The Complete Series Blu-ray
Join the Muppet Central Mailing List
Sesame Street Season 45 premieres Monday September 15
Muppets star in Toyota Super Bowl ad campaign
"Lady Gaga & The Muppets' Holiday Spectacular" airs Thanksgiving
Frank Oz, Brian Jay Jones honor Jim Henson on The Today Show October 15
Muppet tech master and puppeteer Franz "Faz" Fazakas dies at 95
"The Great Muppet Caper" and "Muppet Treasure Island" coming to Blu-ray December 10
"Jim Henson: The Biography" releases on September 24
"The Muppet Movie" anniversary edition arrives on Blu-ray
Video: "The Muppet Movie" coming to Blu-ray in 2013
Muppet Babies merchandise hits retail for 20th anniversary
Courtesy of Henson.com
The Jim Henson Company announced today the launch of a new retail merchandising initiative surrounding the 20th Anniversary of the Emmy Award-winning animated television series Jim Henson's Muppet Babies. The program will consist of a two-tiered approach to hit retail in 2003 and 2004.
Master toy licensee Toy Play, a division of The Betesh Group; Bendon Publishing and Horizons have already signed on. The program will strategically focus on the expansion of licensees for the property in very specific markets: 1) specialty retailers for tweens and teens beginning in 2003 and 2) mass market for preschoolers and toddlers starting in 2004.
Licensing Program Elements
1) Specialty Markets for tweens and teens:
With the widespread success of the Muppets at key retailers and specialty stores including Hot Topic and Urban Outfitters, Muppet Babies is primed to be the next hot item for this fashion-forward set.
Toy Play is creating a line of product for the tween and teen market to include cuddle pillows, plush, plush beanies, and clip ons that will hit specialty stores for back-to-school. Toy Play will continue to expand its specialty store line moving forward.
Horizons will launch a line of socks, hats, flip-flops and other accessories this fall in specialty stores including Rainbow Shops, Hot Topic, Mandee and more.
Mighty Fine t-shirts are already available in retailers such as Torrid, Urban Outfitters and Juicy Boutique.
2) Mass Market for preschoolers:
Toy Play beanie babies will be available at Walgreens this September for the 2-2-2 Jim Henson's Muppet Babies preschool audience, with plans to hit the mass market for spring 2004. The launch of plush with video will be TV advertised for an Easter launch. Toy Play will also TV advertise Muppet Babies during Holiday 2004 for its Muppet Babies plush.
Bendon Publishing will publish 32 titles including board books, coloring books, activity books, story books and puzzles that are set to hit shelves back-to-school 2003 in mass market.
Jim Henson's Muppet Babies was first introduced to audiences in June 1984 with the theatrical release of The Muppets Take Manhattan. In September 1984, Jim Henson's Muppet Babies made its television debut as an animated series on CBS' Saturday morning children's block. The series focused on the importance of imagination and ran for eight consecutive years and is still in international syndication.
During its original broadcast, Muppet Babies received five Emmy® Awards, including four consecutive wins for "Outstanding Animated Program", further solidifying a place in history for Baby Kermit, Baby Miss Piggy, Baby Fozzie Bear, Baby Gonzo, Baby Rowlf, Baby Scooter and Baby Skeeter (Baby Scooter's look-alike sister).
In 1985, The Jim Henson Company partnered with Hasbro to create a successful Muppet Babies plush line with retail sales exceeding $25 million. In addition, promotional partners included Procter & Gamble's plush program, which sold $1 million and McDonald's holiday plush promotion, which sold $38 million.
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text:
*Moved to Ardmore Music Hall* Oz Noy / Dave Weckl / Jimmy Haslip
The Ardmore Music Hall
Off Sale
This show has moved to Ardmore Music Hall. All tickets previously purchased will be honored at the new location. Tickets available here: http://bit.ly/OzNoyAMH
Oz Noy / Dave Weckl / Jimmy Haslip
Oz Noy is a virtuoso guitar player from Israel, who started his professional career at the age of 13 playing jazz, blues, pop and rock music. By age 16, he was already playing with the top Israeli musicians and artists, and by age 24, was one of the most established studio guitar players in the country. He was also a member of the house band on Israel's top-rated television show for over two years. Since he arrived in New York in 1996, he has made a huge impact on the local music scene with his unique blend of jazz, funk, rock, blues and R&B built on intoxicating grooves.
In 2003, Oz released his debut record, "Oz Live," recorded at NYC's legendary Bitter End. Oz's band featured drummers Anton Fig and Keith Carlock and bassists Will Lee, James Genus and Reggie Washington.
In 2004, Oz signed to Magna Carta Records and in 2005 released his highly-acclaimed studio record "HA!" with his All-Star band and special guests Mike Stern and George Whitty.
Oz Noy has performed, toured and recorded with:
Richard Bona, Chris Botti, Gavin DeGraw, Harry Belafonte, Toni Braxton, Phoebe Snow, Nile Rogers, Mike Clark, Jeff 'Tain' Watts, Mike Manieri, The East Village Opera Company, Roger Glove.
Played on Broadway shows such as: Smoky Joe's cafe, Saturday night fever, Hair Spray, Little shop of Horrors.
Rotem Sivan is taking the NYC jazz scene by storm. Described by DownBeat Magazine as "a remarkable talent and a welcome new voice on the scene," he completed his studies in both classical composition and jazz with honors in Tel Aviv & NYC. Sivan tours with his band most of the year playing in world-renowned festivals and clubs. He has performed in countries such as France, Italy, Spain, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Poland, UK, Slovenia, Mexico, Chile, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, Israel, USA, and Canada, among others, and has given workshops around the world in top universities and schools.
23 East Lancaster Ave
Ardmore, PA, 19003
http://www.ardmoremusic.com


text:
A Yersinia egy baktériumnemzetség az Enterobacteriaceae családban. A sejtek kokkuszok és rövid pálcák. Legtöbbjük peritrich csillózattal rendelkezik, de léteznek atrich fajok is. A hőmérséklet hatással van a mozgásukra, 37 °C-on mozgékonyak, de 30 °C-on nem. Gram-negatívak, oxidáz-negatívak, kataláz-pozitívak. Heterotróf fajok, szénhidrátok bontása közben savat képeznek. Rágcsálókban és háziállatokban gyakoriak, széklettel ürülnek. Emberben hasmenéses, enterális kórfolyamatot váltanak ki, fertőzött élelemmel jutnak be a testbe. A Y. pestis a pestis kórokozója. A múltban a fertőzést bolhák vitték át emberre. A pestis 50%-os mortalitású, tüdőáttét létrejötte esetén ez akár 100% is lehet.

Ismertebb fajai

 Y. pestis
 Y. enterocolitica

Enterobacteriaceae
Gram-negatív baktériumok
Baktériumnemzetségek

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text:
Q: Description of Frechet derivatives and the implicit function theorem [QUESTION]
Let $(S^n,\bar{g})$ be the unit sphere and $h$ be another Riemannian metric on $S^n$, $0<\alpha<1$. $M^{2+\alpha}(S^n):=\left\{F:S^n\stackrel{C^{2,\alpha}}\to S^n\right\}$.
For $F:(S^n,\bar{g})\to(S^n,h)\in M^{2+\alpha}(S^n)$, let
\begin{eqnarray}
X(F):=h_{\circ F}(\Delta F, dF(\cdot))\in A^1(S^n):=\{C^{0,\alpha} 1\text{-forms on }S^n\}
\end{eqnarray}
Then how can we describe the Frechet derivative $DX(F):\ast\stackrel{\text{linear}}\to A^1(S^n)$ of $X:M^{2+\alpha}(S^n)\to (A^1(S^n), \text{the }C^{0,\alpha}\text{-norm})$ at $F\in M^{2+\alpha}(S^n)$ and the implicit function theorem around $F$ ? Can we take a coordinate chart around $F$ as in finite-dimensional cases ?
[BACKGROUND]
If $h=\bar{g}$, $F=Id_{S^n}$, then $X(F)=0$. I want to look for zero points of $X$ around $Id_{S^n}$ when $h$ is close to $\bar{g}$ in some sense. But I am confusing since $M^{2+\alpha}(S^n)$ is not an open set of any Banach spaces.

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We invite you to explore many opportunities for summer enjoyment at our Parks and Rec Summer Activity Fun Fair at the Civic Auditorium this Saturday, March 23, from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. The entire family can learn about our dozens of City summer programs and ask questions before summer registration opens on April 13.
Meet summer camp leaders, junior guard and class instructors. Participate in hands-on activities for kids and adults. Play in our Pop-Up Park with bounce houses, games and food trucks.
Snap your photo in our lifeguard lifestyle photo booth plus enter a chance to win fun prizes in our raffle.
We'll help you get your Parks and Rec account up-to-date and ready for "Super Saturday" registration for classes that range from swimming to ping pong to dryland surfing and dancing.
Let Parks and Rec staff help you plan a fantastic summer for your family!
Learn more at www.santacruzparksandrec.com or call 420-5270.
This entry was posted in City Beat, Featured, Local Loop and tagged in city of santa cruz, family event, fun fair, parks and red, summer fun, summer programs. Bookmark the permalink.


I didn't take part in this survey, but if I had I would have given an answer that followed the Praedo principle, 20% of people will control 80% of the wealth', too be honest I am not too surprised with the results provided.
My problem with it is that this is described as inequality, and I think this is perhaps a bit unfair, for example I went to school with a guy who went on to move to Australia, started his own business, he eventually became very successful, this was through a mix of hard work, determination and good fortune. Another guy In our class ended up homeless and dying of a drug overdose. Now there should be something to help the people with problems, whether it is substance abuse, crime, poverty or whatever, no question about that. My problem is taking the example of my first classmate, why should he be lumped in with a group that is being labeled as the elite, or privileged or whatever.
Now maybe my friend isnt the actual target of this, perhaps it is the people who didn't earn the money themselves but inherited it, maybe they are all privileged wasters, I don't know many people in this category so I can't say, however, I intend to leave my money to my kids so I assume their parents will have the same rights.
Basically I don't see what is wrong with people being rich, except of course that it isn't me. I know that people will say that the rich don't pay their taxes and cheat the system, or that the system is biased in their favor, it is difficult to say for sure, but I know that the more I earn the more tax I pay. I know that there are some dubious rules in the tax system that allows people to pay less tax, personally I take advantage of every one of them that I can, as do every single person I know, I mean who among us wants to pay more tax than they have to. As long as they are not breaking the law I don't see a problem.
The other thing I have a problem with is that this type of thing makes it sound like the richest people are sitting on big mounds of gold bars 🙂 Most of them are rich because they own businesses that are worth lots of money, I mean how much would the likes of Richard Branson have in is cheque and saving accounnts, i'll bet it's less than 10% of his net worth, some of the rest will be in his possessions and properties, but the majority will be in his businesses and investments, earning him more money and providing jobs etc for other people.
It would be very interesting to see how much of the total wealth is controlled by self made people or their children.
Important questions – I think there are good reasons and bad reasons to be wary of excess wealth at the top. Among the bad ones are envy, false ideals about everyone being worth the same, or suspicion that wealth is morally corrupting.
Among the good reasons are the issue of 'rent-seeking', where those with wealth are able to generate more wealth without creating any useful new economic activity. That's a major problem in our economy at the moment.
Another good reason is that all sorts of things are justified in order to encourage economic growth – but if ordinary people don't benefit from that growth, that's fundamentally unfair.
Another reason is that money buys influence. We already have an economy that disproportionately benefits the top 20%, or the top 1%. They can afford lawyers and lobbyists and the poor can't, so it becomes self-perpetuating and democracy is undermined.
There's nothing wrong with people getting rich if they do so honestly (also a problem, incidentally) – it's all to do with how that money is made, and how inclusive our economy is.
Two points wrong with this. Firstly it is focusing on wealth, not income. Most UK wealth is in property and pensions. This is held by the old who we expect to have greater wealth, since they have had longer to save it up. The young are more likely to have low income (fewer skills) and also fewer assets (less time to accumulate them). In fact the young often have negative assets (student loans). This does skew the figures.
Secondly this doesn't account for the redistribution of wealth we already carry out to reduce inequality. A state pension entitlements would be worth many thousands of pounds if it were from the private sector yet that entitlement is not calculated in these figures but private pensions are. Same with NHS coverage. How much would you pay for that via BUPA? Thus the figures here aren't describing the true situation.
Older people have children, and they help them to buy houses, perpetuating inequality across generations. If you have a government like ours that boosts the housing market as a form of economic stimulus, those with property see their wealth soar while their incomes stay static – while the poorest gain nothing. So there are good reasons why equality campaigns focus on overall wealth and not just income.
On your second point, the richest are entitled to a state pension and NHS care too, whether or not they choose to claim those things. So adding them in would just add a certain amount to people's theoretical wealth without changing the percentages. We'd just have huge inequality at a slightly higher level.
But then in your philosophy inequality doesn't matter, right? So I'm not sure I see the point of quibbling over how it's calculated.
I do think inequality matters, just not as much as you and most of the proposed 'solutions' end up making everyone poorer.
Then you obviously don't think accurate figures matter.
Nothing to do with accuracy, all to do with definitions. I agree with the way that ONS calculate the figures and you don't. And I share the government's definition of poverty as relative and you don't.
I'd be interested to know at what point you think we should intervene in inequality – when the top have 200 times what the poorest have? 1000 times? If it matters, when does it start to matter enough to do something?
I don't have a ratio, I only want that pretty much everyone benefits from rising prosperity. If the wealth of the top is increasing faster than that of the poor, I don't mind AS LONG AS THE WEALTH OF THE POOR IS INCREASING. We can cut inequality quite simply by destroying the wealth of the rich, but that doesn't make the poor richer.
Tackling rent-seeking is a necessary task, though that is about widening markets rather than regulation by fiat.
What ratio do you think we should cap inequality at then?
I pretty much agree with everything you are saying there, but I think I'm maybe looking at it from a different perspective.
I had not heard of the term 'rent-seeking' before, but after a quick trip to wikipedia I am still a little confused by what it means, I think, it is where a person or organisation tries to buil their profits by preventing others from competing fairly. An example that springs to mind is the battle some time ago between BA and Virgin and some of the dodgy tactics that were reported. My answer to that is that the law should be fair and should be applied equally. That of course brings us to the other point you made that the rich can afford lawyers and lobbyists to affect and/or control the legal system, the problem is that this is a double edged sword in that if there is no way to change or influence the law or the legal system then nothing will ever change, if the system allows charities, environmentalists, and churches etc to use this type of process then we have to allow rich people to do it.
I could go on picking little points, and to be honest, based on your knowledge and skill at writing (I love your blog 🙂 I'll not come off very well in an argument. The thing is that i am more worried about us, as a society, blaming the rich for all our ills and expecting them to fund the economy. Or to put it another way I felt the video had an undercurrent saying that the bottom 20% are poor because the top 20% are rich. This is not true, in many cases the bottom 20% are poor for very specific reasons most of which are to do with themselves rather than the 'Rich', I know lots of people who don't work, and don't want to work, but I don't know so many who lost their job because of some asset stripping billionaire that bought their company and sold off the bits.
I'll have to write more about rent seeking, as it's a technical term that isn't used much. I'll come back to that!
I think one of the strengths of the video is that it doesn't blame the rich for the inequality. It doesn't show grasping hands nicking the poor's share, or money flying away into the hands of the rich, the populist sort of thing they could have gone for. The fact is that some rich people are greedy and willing to tread on others for their personal gain, but then some poor people are like that too! The problems we're talking about are systemic, to do with our politics, how we create money, that sort of thing. It doesn't need to be personal.
Your definition of poverty is too narrow DevonChap, but let's take inequality on your terms for a moment – is everyone benefiting from growth? And since you prefer income rather than wealth, let's look at that.
As I've covered before, average incomes began to plateau around 2001, well before the financial crisis. Men's salaries haven't tracked GDP since 1980, so I'd date the problem from there. But even you ought to recognise that static or declining incomes is a problem if the economy is growing. People aren't benefiting from growth.
Other countries are far worse, which is why this is a growing international problem.
Didn't see your reply till today.I notice that you dodge the challenge you set me. I make my conclusions from that.
Two things, firstly as I'm sure you would agree wages aren't everything. We have spent an increasing amount of our national wealth on things like health,and the environment. So while our income might not be rising well being has.
Secondly our flatter wages have been part of a global reducing of inequality as workers from the undeveloped world get added to the global labour market. More of anything will reduce the unit price though the aggregate amount will be bigger. Good thing and worth holding back our wages. Better than the alternative.
So you acknowledge that the poorest aren't getting an equal share of growth?
As for capping inequality, my challenge to you isn't to set an ideal ratio. The question is about when we start to say 'this is a problem we should do something about'. An exact ratio would artificial and impossible to maintain, but it's clear from the survey that the public thinks there is a rough level of equality that we can expect, and that we are well beyond that.
For those who see inequality as a low priority, the question that needs to be answered is really about how far ahead of public opinion you want to let inequality run. History suggests you either manage inequality, or you ignore it until it becomes a point of conflict, and then changing anything is a much more fraught and disruptive process.
If by the poorest you mean the millions who have been lifted out of poverty then I think they have been benefiting just fine.
That public opinion doesn't like huge inequality is an issue. One motivated more by envy than anything but if you want to pander to that go ahead. Playing teh deomcracy card suggesting we should be horrible to migrants because most people don't like them, Or maybe bring back hanging, that's popular too? Or just maybe doing what is for the best means doing things that are unpopular.
You haven't looked at my link, have you?


Place eggs in saucepan and fill with cold water. Bring to a boil and boil about 2-3 minutes; turn off heat but keep eggs in water for at least 15 minutes.
Allow eggs to cool completely.
Slice eggs in halves lengthwise and put cooked egg yolks in bowl.
Mash the yolks really well with a fork or potato masher.
Break cooked bacon up into very tiny pieces.


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Two Warner Partners Named to Grand Rapids Business Journal's 40 Under 40 List
Two partners with the law firm Warner Norcross + Judd have been named to the Grand Rapids Business Journal's 40 Under 40 list.
Amanda M. Fielder and Jennifer L. Remondino, along with 38 other business leaders in West Michigan under the age of 40, will be recognized for their business and community leadership at a reception on Oct. 17 at 20 Monroe Live. The awards acknowledge up-and-coming leaders who are making a difference in their communities and who will be "shaping the region for years to come."
The Business Journal received 294 individual nominations for this year's class. Since this award program began in 2002, the publication has recognized more than 350 young professionals.
A partner in the firm's Grand Rapid's office, Fielder concentrates her practice in all aspects of employment law. Passionate about her clients' business needs and goals, she has successfully defended employers against claims of discrimination, harassment, retaliation and wrongful discharge, as well as other statutory, contract and tort-related employment claims.
A member of the firm's Management Committee, Fielder has been named to the Michigan Super Lawyer's Rising Star list each year since 2010 and was named an "Up and Coming Lawyer" by Michigan Lawyers Weekly. She also chairs the firm's Design Committee, where she is leading the design and construction of offices in the new Warner Building.
Fielder currently serves as co-chair of the construction committee of Kids' Food Basket, as well as on the board of Solutions to End Exploitation and the fund development committee for the Children's Advocacy Center. A graduate of Leadership West Michigan, she is also a member of Inforum.
She earned her bachelor's degree from Western Michigan University summa cum laude and her doctor of jurisprudence from the Michigan State University College of Law magna cum laude.
Remondino leads the firm's Holland office as executive partner and chairs the Trusts and Estates Law Practice group. An estate planning attorney who helps clients with some of life's most difficult situations, she specializes in sophisticated tax planning, trust and estate administration, shareholder agreements, cottage planning and estate and gift tax audits.
Remondino has been recognized as one of the Best Lawyers in America since 2013 and has been named to the Rising Star list by Michigan Super Lawyers every year since 2012. She is a Fellow of the American College of Trust and Estate Counsel. She was recently honored as one of Michigan Lawyers Weekly's Women in the Law.
Active professionally and in the community, Remondino serves on the steering committee of the Foundations Endowments Family Office and on the board of Lakeshore Advantage Corp. and the board and executive committee of the West Coast Chamber of Commerce. A graduate of West Coast Leadership, she is also a member of Inforum. She works extensively with family-owned businesses and is a member of Attorneys for Family Held Enterprises.
She earned her bachelor's degree from MSU with honors and her doctor of jurisprudence from MSU's College of Law magna cum laude.
About Warner
By providing discerning and proactive legal advice, Warner Norcross + Judd LLP builds a better partnership with its clients. Warner is a corporate law firm with 230 attorneys practicing in eight offices throughout Michigan: Grand Rapids, Southfield, Midland, Macomb County, Muskegon, Kalamazoo, Holland and Lansing. To learn more, visit www.wnj.com, follow us on Twitter @WNJLLP or connect on LinkedIn.
Show contact details forAmanda M. Fielder
Known for her no-nonsense approach and fierce advocacy, Amanda Fielder has established a reputation for defending employer ... View Full Profile
Show contact details forJennifer L. Remondino
Jennifer is an estate planning attorney who is dedicated to building relationships with clients. She finds it rewarding... View Full Profile
Private Client and Family Office
Fundamental Estate Planning
Estate Settlement and Trust Administration
Family Business and Succession Planning
Family Office Representation


As previously announced, on March 8, 2018, Cigna Corporation ("Cigna" or the "Company") entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (as amended, the "Merger Agreement") with Express Scripts Holding Company, a Delaware corporation ("Express Scripts"), Halfmoon Parent, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Cigna ("Holdco"), Halfmoon I, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Holdco, and Halfmoon II, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Holdco, pursuant to which, subject to the conditions of the Merger Agreement, Holdco will acquire Express Scripts in a cash and stock transaction.
On December 18, 2018, Cigna and Express Scripts received regulatory approval from the State of New Jersey for the transaction. All required regulatory approvals now have been received and the parties expect to close the transaction on December 20, 2018, subject to the satisfaction of all other closing conditions.
This information shall not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), or incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act whether made before or after the date of this report, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.
Information included in this communication, and information which may be contained in other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") and other public statements, contains or may contain forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements of plans, objectives, expectations or intentions, including statements concerning the ability to consummate the proposed merger, on the anticipated timeline or at all, and other statements regarding the parties' future beliefs, expectations, plans or intentions. You may identify forward-looking statements by the use of words such as "believe," "expect," "plan," "intend," "anticipate," "estimate," "predict," "potential," "may," "should," "will" or other words or expressions of similar meaning, although not all forward-looking statements contain such terms. Forward-looking statements, including as they relate to Cigna or Express Scripts, the proposed transaction, or the timing of closing, involve risks and uncertainties, both known and unknown. Actual results may differ significantly from those projected or suggested in any forward-looking statements. Cigna and Express Scripts do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to such forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Any number of factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by any forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the risks associated with the following: any change in the anticipated timing of the closing of the merger, the possibility that the anticipated benefits from the merger (including anticipated synergies) cannot be realized in full, or at all or may take longer to realize than expected; problems regarding the successful integration of the businesses of Cigna and Express Scripts; unexpected costs regarding the proposed merger; diversion of management's attention from ongoing business operations and opportunities; potential litigation associated with the proposed merger; the ability to retain key personnel; the availability of financing; effects on the businesses as a result of uncertainty surrounding the proposed merger; the ability of the combined company to achieve financial, strategic and operational plans and initiatives; the ability of the combined company to predict and manage medical costs and price effectively and develop and maintain good relationships with physicians, hospitals and other health care providers; the impact of modifications to the combined company's operations and processes; the ability of the combined company to identify potential strategic acquisitions or transactions and realize the expected benefits of such transactions; the substantial level of government regulation over the combined company's business and the potential effects of new laws or regulations or changes in existing laws or regulations; the outcome of litigation relating to the businesses of Cigna and Express Scripts, regulatory audits, investigations, actions and/or guaranty fund assessments; uncertainties surrounding participation in government-sponsored programs such as Medicare; the effectiveness and security of the combined company's information technology and other business systems; unfavorable industry, economic or political conditions, including foreign currency movements; acts of war, terrorism, natural disasters or pandemics; and the industry may be subject to future risks that are described in SEC reports filed by Cigna and Express Scripts.
You should carefully consider these and other relevant factors, including those risk factors in this communication and other risks and uncertainties that affect the businesses of Cigna and Express Scripts described in their respective filings with the SEC, when reviewing any forward-looking statement. These factors are noted for investors as permitted under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Investors should understand it is impossible to predict or identify all such factors or risks. As such, you should not consider the foregoing list, or the risks identified in SEC filings, to be a complete discussion of all potential risks or uncertainties, and should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements.


We are one of the largest energy groups in Poland. We produce electricity, transmit and sell it to homes and businesses. Our services are available to consumers all over Poland. Our transmission lines are located in north - western part of the country. The power plant produces energy in Kozienice, 75 km from Warsaw. Our head office is located in Poznan. In total, we employ over 10 000 people. We sell electricity to 2.4 million customers, including individual consumers, small and medium-sized companies, as well as large industrial plants.
We operate on the basis of the Capital Group which brings together several companies. The leading role in the Group is played by Enea SA which is responsible for the sale of electricity. It has been listed on the Stock Exchange in Warsaw since 2008. Another two key companies belonging to our Group are responsible for the distribution of energy (Enea Operator) and for the operation of power plant in Kozienice (Enea Wytwarzanie) . We sell energy throughout Poland distributing it in West Pomeranian, Lubuskie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie and Wielkopolskie voivodeships. In these regions we have 112,000 km of power lines and more than 35,000 power stations.
Kozienice Power Plant is, in turn the largest power plant generating energy from hard coal in Poland. Currently in Kozienice, we are carrying out one the most important investment in the Polish energy sector. 13 % of the Polish electricity will be produced there. Modern technologies will provide unprecedented efficiency, at the same time minimizing negative consequences for the environment. Thus, our plant will become one of the largest and most advanced systems in the world. Apart from generating energy from hard coal, we produce it on wind farms, in hydropower plants and in biogas plants. We systematically increase the share of green energy sources and our current flows to almost one in ten homes.
Since 2014 we have consistently been realising a new development strategy. Thanks to it, in 2020, we will be a fully integrated energy group .Our mission is to build customer confidence and increase the value of the Group. By this time, we are going to invest over 20 billion Polish zlotys. The money will be used primarily for the expansion and modernization of power plants and transmission lines, and for the development of green energy sources .


So here is our Super Bowl Special for 2015. Order any one of our web design packages between Friday 1-30-15 and Monday 2-1-15 and get a FREE video created for your business. Learn more about our video creation service by clicking here.
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About Graduate Sales Jobs in Oxford: The famous heritage of Oxford needs no explanation and this could make the city an attractive option for graduates searching sales roles. E4S advertise graduate sales vacancies in Oxford and other areas of the UK so take a look below to see our current options for graduates.
Typical Graduate Sales Jobs in Oxford: Graduates hoping for a sales career in Oxford may be able to find openings within the tourism sector as this plays a large role in the local economy. If you are keen to work in Oxford, set up a job alert with E4S and we can email you with any new graduate sales vacancies we receive.
Rates of Pay for Oxford Graduate Sales Jobs: The advantage of a graduate sales post is that you can have a degree of control over your take home earnings by meeting or exceeding set targets. An Oxford graduate sales career will be attractive to those who would like to live in a famous university city. Oxford also has excellent transport links to London.


What would Ron Paul do if he were president? Alex Jones asked the former United States House of Representatives member and three-time presidential candidate this question in a Wednesday interview at the Alex Jones Show. Veto the spending bills, bring the US troops home from overseas, and investigate the Federal Reserve and curtail its power are actions included in Paul's answer. But, Paul also cautions that a president who took such bold actions would likely be impeached with bipartisan support.


At Shower Pan Install, we're available to satisfy your requirements regarding Shower Pan in Bellona, NY. We have a crew of skilled professional experts and the most advanced solutions around to deliver just what you might need. Our materials are of the highest quality and we have learned to save money. We will provide help to come up with decisions for your work, address your questions, and organize a meeting with our workers when you call us at 888-356-1115.
You've got a financial budget to adhere to, and you prefer to reduce costs. Still, saving cash shouldn't mean you give up excellent quality for Shower Pan in Bellona, NY. Our attempts to save you money are not going to give up the excellent quality of our results. We work with the leading solutions and supplies to ensure that any task is going to tolerate the test of time, and save some costs with practices that do not impact the excellence of the job. We can accomplish this by giving you the very best deals available and steering clear of costly mistakes. If you want to lower expenses, Shower Pan Install is the business to contact. Call up 888-356-1115 to talk with our customer support staff, right now.
Shower Pan are available in Bellona, NY.
You should be well informed with regards to Shower Pan in Bellona, NY. We ensure you know exactly what to anticipate. We take the unexpected situations out of the equation by supplying accurate and complete advice. You can start by discussing the project with our client service associates when you dial 888-356-1115. We are going to reply to all of your questions and concerns and arrange your preliminary appointment. We work together with you all through the entire project, and our staff can arrive promptly and well prepared.
Many good reasons can be found to decide on Shower Pan Install when it comes to Shower Pan in Bellona, NY. We will be the best option if you need the most efficient cash saving options, the finest materials, and the greatest rate of customer care. Our company has the experience that you need to satisfy all your goals. Call 888-356-1115 to communicate with Shower Pan Install and review all of your expectations concerning Shower Pan in Bellona.


NBHA staff work closely with its member organizations and other experts to implement initiatives, communications, activities and events in support of the Alliance's vision. Learn more about the NBHA staff. Andrea Portillo Medeiros, MPH Marketing, Membership and Fundraising Manager at the National Bone Health Alliance (andrea.portillo@nbha.org) Mrs. Medeiros joined the National Bone Health Alliance (NBHA) and the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) in 2014. She works to maintain memberships and marketing efforts for NBHA and NOF. She also works on projects such as the FLS consults and ongoing studies. Mrs. Medeiros holds a MPH from Nova Southeastern University and a B.S. in Health Sciences from the University of Central Florida.


Starting July 6, 2014 on-street meters and off-street parking meters will no longer require payment on Sundays, except meters on SF Port property.
Some (but not all) SFMTA-managed metered parking lots (retaining those that operated on Sundays prior to 2013).
In order to help remind the public of the change, during the first three Sundays in July, SFMTA Parking Control Officers will place informational flyers on vehicles parked at expired meters in areas where Sunday meters will remain operational.


text:
import React, { PropTypes } from 'react';
import { Provider } from 'react-redux';
import DocumentTitle from 'react-document-title';
import { getTitle } from './utils';

export default class Root extends React.Component {

  render() {
    const { store, routes } = this.props;

    return (
      <DocumentTitle title={getTitle()}>
        <div>
        <Provider store={store}>
          {routes}
        </Provider>
        </div>
      </DocumentTitle>
    );
  }

}

Root.propTypes = {
  store: PropTypes.object.isRequired,
  routes: PropTypes.object.isRequired,
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Štěpán Markovič (* 28. října 1958) je český saxofonista, skladatel a pedagog.

Život
Narodil se v Praze, na saxofon začal hrát až v 15 letech, poté když jej uchvátil popis tohoto hudebního nástroje v knize Josefa Škvoreckého. Už v počátcích své muzikantské aktivity byl v kontaktu s tehdy začínajícími muzikanty, jako je např. Jiří Hrubeš či Michal Pavlíček. Věnoval se jazz-rockové hudbě, ovšem jeho zájem o jazzovou improvizaci byl natolik silný, že se na konci sedmdesátých let úplně stáhnul z pódií a začal studovat hudební konzervatoř Jaroslava Ježka. Během studií se setkal s Karlem Velebným, který Markoviče obsadil do známého Velebandu a založil kapelu ESP.

Spolupracoval na koncertech a ve studiu například s Laco Deczim, Laco Troppem nebo Emilem Viklickým. Jako součást All Stars Big Bandu doprovázel v roce 1995 americké hudebníky Raye Charlese, Lizu Minnelliovou a Shirley Bassey na jejich evropském turné.

V roce 1994 v pražském klubu Reduta natočil album "Two President / Jam Session" s tehdejším prezidentem USA Billem Clintonem, kterého doprovázel při jeho vystoupení. Clinton je znám svou láskou k jazzové hudbě a hře na saxofon, tehdy pro něj Markovič vybral i dar v podobě českého saxofonu značky Amati. Druhý koncert Štěpána Markoviče pro Billa Clintona se uskutečnil v uzavřené společnosti ve Španělském sále Pražského hradu 24.5.2012. Pro tuto příležitost Štěpán Markovič natočil album "Jazz by Stepan Markovic".

Je pedagogem na Konzervatoři a Vyšší odborné škole Jaroslava Ježka v Praze. Současně se věnuje koncertním projektům. Vystupuje se svými jazzovými kapelami, ve kterých dává příležitost nadějným studentům konzervatoře, rovněž má koncertní projekty s romskými hudebníky (např. Kapela Gulo Čar / Gipsy Groove). Mezi velké příznivce Štěpána Markoviče patří například bývalý prezident České republiky Václav Klaus, který se stal kmotrem Markovičových čtyř alb.

Na Hradě koncertoval několikrát a patřil k často obsazovaným interpretům festivalu Jazz na Hradě.

Je autorem myšlenky hudebního festivalu Jazz na Karlštejně (2011, 2012), kdy v karlštejnském podhradí pravidelně vytvářel dramaturgii jazzových večerů. V roce 2012 v rámci tohoto projektu vystoupil na podporu prezidentské kampaně Jana Fischera.

Zrealizoval dva hudební večery na statku herce Karla Rodena, tzv. Jazz u Rodena. V roce
2011 zde představil svůj projekt Balkan Dynasty, v roce 2012 zde vystoupil spolu s Laco Deczim.

Diskografie / Štěpán Markovič
 ESP Štěpána Markoviče – Espresso (1984)
 Jazz Face – Resolution (1994)
 Two Pressidents – Jam Session (1994)
 Štěpán Markovič – Saxtet (2006)
 Štěpán Markovič – Q+Saxtet (2010)
 Štěpán Markovič – Gulo Čar Rhytm (2009)
 Déczi + Markovič – Reunion (2012)
 Štěpán Markovič - Jazz by Stepan Markovic (2012)
 Díky nejen za jazz pane prezidente (2013) - Vydal Multisonic jako záznam koncertu ku příležitosti rozlučkového večera s prezidentem Václavem Klausem

Reference

Externí odkazy

 Oficiální stránky

Čeští jazzoví hudebníci
Čeští saxofonisté
Čeští hudební pedagogové
Narození v roce 1958
Muži
Narození v Praze
Žijící lidé


I turned 17 in May 2010, I'm in grade 12, other than Karate, I also like soccer, cricket and swimming. I'm a wholesome outgoing person, love to be out on weekends, I'm very bubbly and funny or at least, I think so. I believe in myself, a very hard, dedicated, committed, trustworthy, humble and loyal worker, always try to do more than what's expected of me.
My initial introduction to Karate was at the age of four, but officially started training at five. As I had my first grading after being with TAMASA for a year and a half.
I was very young, and my father was the Head Instructor of Mitchell's Plain Dojo's at the time. My elder sister was also enjoying herself in the Art, so thought that I would give the Karate a more serious approach. . There was no stopping me, the more I attended the classes, the greater the hunger became for this Effective Art(Kenpo). My passion for this Extreme System of Self Defence really grew as I got older and went onto High School.
The principles and values instilled in me through the Kenpo Karate teaching, started to take hold and benefitted me. I was now faced with many real challenges and could apply it in my school career and social life. Kenpo Karate as taught under the Tiger Academy of Martial Arts has been to me like a grandfather, it might sound odd, but it helped me to make the right choices, respect myself as well as for others. It developed my self esteem, character, leadership abilities and to confidently take up any new challenges that came my way.
I have practically done Karate all my life; Some of the benefits have been, time management and prioritising . I have gained great respect from fellow school friends and teachers through being a role model.


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