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Latest From Texas Supreme Court
Texas Supreme Court Holds That A Beneficiary May Not Accept Any Benefit From A Will And Then Later Challenging The Will
Latest From Texas Court of Appeals
Appellate Court Grants Mandamus Relief To Require A Jury Trial On The Issue Of Whether The Inspection Of Books And Records Of A Company Was Sought For A Proper Purpose
Latest From Knowledge Library
Presentation: Litigating Self-Interested Transactions Involving Fiduciaries
Latest From Items of Interest
By David Fowler Johnson on January 15, 2022
Posted in Business Divorce, Cases Decided, Texas Court of Appeals
A common complaint of a minority shareholder is the denial of access to the corporation's books and records. A shareholder enjoys the right to examine and copy certain records of the corporation in which the shareholder owns shares. That right exists by statute, see Tex. Bus. Orgs. Code § 21.218(b), and at common law, see Texas Infra—Red Radiant Co. v. Erwin, 397 S.W.2d 491, 493 (Tex. App.—Eastland 1965, writ ref'd n.r.e.). Section 21.218 provides:
On written demand stating a proper purpose, a holder of shares of a corporation for at least six months immediately preceding the holder's demand, or a holder of at least five percent of all of the outstanding shares of a corporation, is entitled to examine and copy, at a reasonable time, the corporation's books, records of account, minutes, and share transfer records relating to the stated purpose. The examination may be conducted in person or through an agent, accountant, or attorney.
Tex. Bus. Orgs. Code § 21.218(b). Therefore, before the shareholder is entitled to inspect books and records, it must provide a proper purpose for doing so in writing.
Often, a shareholder may want to inspect books and records for an improper purpose, i.e., to gain an advantage for its competing business. When there is a fact issue raised on proper purpose, the parties are entitled to a jury trial on that issue. For example, in In re Elusive Holdings, Inc., No. 03-21-00563-CV, 2021 Tex. App. LEXIS 10186 (Tex. App.—Austin December 30, 2021, orig. proceeding), a former COO of a company was fired for allegedly starting a competing business. He was still a shareholder and sent written demand to inspect records, which was denied. The COO filed suit to compel the inspection, and the defendant company stated that he did so for an improper purpose. The trial court granted the inspection, and the company filed a petition for writ of mandamus in the court of appeals against the trial court based on the fact that the company was denied a jury trial on the issue of whether the purpose was proper. The court of appeals granted the mandamus, stating:
Section 21.218(b) conditions the shareholder's right on the shareholder's stating a "proper purpose" for the demand to examine and copy. The resisting corporation enjoys the right to a jury trial on "proper purpose" under certain conditions, including that it has pleaded facts sufficient to raise an issue on "proper purpose":
Although the right to a jury trial does not exist in all situations where mandamus is applicable, it does exist in the situation where a corporation, in resisting a stockholder's attempt to inspect the books and records, raises by its pleadings a fact issue over whether the stockholder has a proper purpose for wanting to see the books.
Id.; see also Accounting Search Consultants, Inc. v. Christensen, 678 S.W.2d 593, 595 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1984, no writ) (citing Uvalde Rock Asphalt and noting resisting corporation's "entitle[ment] to a jury's determination of the contested factual issue of whether the shareholder had a proper purpose in demanding to inspect the books"); accord Guaranty Old Line Life Co. v. McCallum, 97 S.W.2d 966, 968 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1936, no writ).
We conclude from the allegations in the Second Amended Petition and amended answer and the statements in the Response and attached declaration by the CEO that Elusive sufficiently raised a fact issue on "proper purpose" under Section 21.218(b). The Response and declaration assert more than simply hostility or mere conclusory statements without specific facts. Instead, the CEO named specific kinds of documents that White had allegedly taken and refused to return and the specific customers who were business opportunities for Elusive that White allegedly usurped for his new business, using the unreturned confidential information to land those deals. There were thus specific facts about White's alleged bid for competitive advantage by seeking more of Elusive's records. See Uvalde Rock Asphalt, 425 S.W.2d at 819-20; Dyer Custom Installation, 133 S.W.3d at 882-83. And the Response, with supporting declaration evidence, discussed White's "improperly us[ing] information secured through a prior" download of records from Elusive and his alleged improper past purchases constituting "conduct detrimental to the company." See Dyer Custom Installation, 133 S.W.3d at 882-83.
We stress that Elusive's live petition, answer, and Response and attached declaration are not necessarily conclusive, at this procedural stage, about White's lacking a "proper purpose." They are instead—and they need only have been—sufficient to raise a fact issue. See Uvalde Rock Asphalt, 425 S.W.2d at 820. After White filed his books-and-records mandamus petition, Elusive filed a jury demand, and there is no argument before us that the jury demand was otherwise ineffective. See generally Tex. R. Civ. P. 216. Elusive raised a fact issue on "proper purpose" and so is entitled to a jury trial on the issue. Because it denied Elusive this right, the trial court abused its discretion
Id.
Court Holds That Probate Court Had Jurisdiction Over Inter Vivos Trust Dispute And That A Beneficiary Waived A Complaint About A "No Liability" Order For A Trustee
By David Fowler Johnson on January 1, 2022
Posted in Cases Decided, Texas Court of Appeals
In Goepp v. Comerica Bank & Trust, N.A., the settlors created inter vivos trusts and their three children were the remainder beneficiaries. No. 03-19-00485-CV, 2021 Tex. App. LEXIS 5461 (Tex. App.—Austin July 9, 2021, no pet. history). The three children became co-trustees and then had disputes. They entered into a family settlement agreement, and had a corporate trustee appointed successor trustee. The corporate trustee then filed a "First Amended Petition for Settlement of Trustee's Final Account and Order of No Liability." Id. One of the children objected "to the Trustee's Petition, complaining about the timing of certain preferential distribution payments, about the calculations of interest on the distributions, and that he 'has yet to be reimbursed the monies owed to him for out of pocket expenses of durable medical equipment purchased on behalf of Iraida.'" Id. After the trial court entered the relief requested by the corporate trustee, several of the children appealed.
One child argued that the statutory probate court did not have jurisdiction over the inter vivos trust dispute. The court of appeals disagreed:
Although subsection 115.001(a) of the Texas Property Code grants a district court "original and exclusive jurisdiction over all proceedings by or against a trustee and all proceedings concerning trusts," that subsection is prefaced with "[e]xcept as provided by Subsection (d) of this section." Tex. Prop. Code § 115.001(a). Subsection (d)(1) states, "The jurisdiction of the district court is exclusive except for jurisdiction conferred by law on: (1) a statutory probate court[.]"And jurisdiction is conferred by law on a statutory probate court by section 32.006 of the Texas Estates Code: "In a county in which there is a statutory probate court, the statutory probate court has jurisdiction of" both "an action by or against a trustee" and "an action involving an intervivos trust, testamentary trust, or charitable trust." It is undisputed that the Goepp Trusts are intervivos trusts and that Comerica, as trustee, brought the underlying suit in a statutory probate court in Travis County. Thus, in light of section 32.006 of the Texas Estates Code, section 115.001 of the Texas Property Code did not deprive the probate court of subject matter jurisdiction over the underlying case.
Id. The court also rejected the child's argument that the venue statute meant that the trial court did not have jurisdiction: "But '[v]enue pertains solely to where a suit may be brought and is a different question from whether the court has 'jurisdiction of the property or thing in controversy,'' and 'unlike subject-matter jurisdiction . . . venue may be waived if not challenged in due order and on a timely basis.'" Id.
The court also rejected the child's complaint about the "no liability" order for the corporate trustee because it was not preserved and was waived:
In her fifth and final issue, Heidi argues that the probate court "abus[ed] [its] discretion in issuing an order of 'no liability' . . . to extinguish [Heidi's] claims for breach of trust and breach of fiduciary duty in violation of the law." Heidi does not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence supporting the order; rather, she argues that the probate court "cannot rule that Comerica . . . has no liability or attempt to adjudicate this claim, which would have a preclusive effect on further litigation elsewhere." Heidi's argument is not exactly clear. To the extent Heidi is challenging the order on the jurisdictional grounds raised in her first four issues, we have overruled those issues. And if Heidi is raising a nonjurisdictional ground to challenge the issuance of the "no liability" order, she did not preserve error as to this issue by making this complaint to the probate court and obtaining a ruling on the complaint.
Interesting Note: Trustees often file suits and seek some form of discharge or no liability relief. The Texas Trust Code provides that a court has jurisdiction to "determine the powers, responsibilities, duties, and liability of a trustee" and also to "require an accounting by a trustee, review trustee fees, and settle interim or final accounts." Tex. Prop. Code 115.001(a). The Texas Trust Code also authorizes the court to accept a trustee's resignation and discharge the trustee from the trust on the terms and conditions necessary to protect the rights of other interested parties. Texas Trust Code 113.081(b).
Due to this right, when a trustee resigns or has some other significant event occur, it is standard practice to request that the beneficiaries provide the trustee with a private release. If the beneficiary refuses, the trustee has the right to file an accounting and request a discharge, which would normally be paid for by the trust. So, the beneficiary is encouraged to sign the private release to save on expense. There is nothing particularly unfair about this where there is a corporate trustee that has produced regular statements and the beneficiary has had the opportunity to raise a complaint if he or she has one.
There is a difference between an approval of accounting and discharge and a finding of no-liability. Obtaining court approval of a final accounting alone is not or should not be an adjudication of claims by the beneficiaries. Texas State Bank v. Amaro, 87 S.W. 3d 538 (Tex. 2002). In Amaro, the Texas Supreme Court stated:
[T]he Trust Code does not contemplate that an accounting will settle the trustee's tort liability. As noted, section 113.152 establishes the contents of an accounting and requires the trustee to list trust property, transactions, property, cash, and all known liabilities owed by the trust. It simply does not reach the trustee's tort liability. This conclusion is supported by the Trust Code's structure, which includes Subchapter E "Accounting by Trustee" within Chapter 113, entitled "Administration." In contrast, Chapter 114 concerns "liabilities, rights, and remedies of trustees, beneficiaries, and third persons." Thus, the final accounting "forms the basis for a winding up of the trust to ascertain the balance due to the beneficiary." Supra, 74 S.W.3d at 397. As TSB states in its brief, "TSB's requested relief in essence provided for determination of what amounts should be paid to Vargas by TSB and the closing of the trust and issues relating thereto." Determining TSB's tort liability is not necessary to the closing of the trust or ascertaining the trust balance due the beneficiary, and, as we held above, was not within the scope of TSB's requested relief. Accordingly, because approving the accounting, including the distributions, costs, and expenses, was not an adjudication of TSB's tort liabilities, Vargas was not entitled to a jury or to forty-five days notice of the hearing.
Id. See also Riley v. Alpert, No. 01-11-00430-CV,2012 Tex. App. LEXIS 6049, 2012 WL 3042991(Tex. App. July 26, 2012, no pet.); Bank of Texas, N.A. Trustee v. Mexia, 135 S.W.3d 356, 362 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, pet. denied)(approval of an accounting is an administrative function, not an adjudication of trustee's tort liability).
So, the trustee must plead for a release and no tort liability finding, and the court must conduct an evidentiary hearing regarding the trustee's actions. The trustee can do so under Section 115.001(a) and also via the Texas Uniform Declaratory Judgment Act in the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Chapter 37. The case discussed above raises an important point, if a court grants a no-liability finding, and no one preserves any error regarding that finding, then it will be res judicata and enforceable. Cable Walt Trust Co. Inc. v. Palmer, 859 S.W.2d 475, 480-81 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1993, writ denied).
Court Reverses Temporary Injunction Order Where The Order Failed To Include Reasons For Its Issuance And A Trial Date
By David Fowler Johnson on December 17, 2021
In Quintanilla v. De La Rosa, a defendant appealed the trial court's issuance of a temporary injunction enjoining her from withdrawing money from a bank account that belonged to a decedent. No. 13-20-00575-CV, 2021 Tex. App. LEXIS 5849 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi July 22, 2021, no pet. history). The plaintiff, the daughter of the decedent, sued the defendant, claiming that the defendant being listed as the beneficiary of the account was an accident and was not intentional. The court of appeals reversed the injunction because it failed to state reasons for its issuance and failed to set a trial date:
The rules of civil procedure require every order granting a temporary injunction to: (1) specifically state the reasons for its issuance and state, with reasonable detail and not by reference to the complaint or other document, the acts sought to be restrained; and (2) contain a trial setting date. The procedural requirements of this rule are mandatory. A temporary injunction that does not meet these requirements is "subject to being declared void and dissolved." … Here, the temporary injunction does not contain any statement explaining the reasons for its issuance, and it does not set a trial date. Therefore, the temporary injunction is void.
Federal Courts Deny Motions To Dismiss Breach Of Fiduciary Duty Claims Due To The Economic Loss Rule
Posted in Federal Cases
In R.P. Small Corp. v. Land Dep't, Inc., the plaintiff sued the defendant for breaching fiduciary duties due to a confidential relationship regarding oil and gas development. No. H-20-14902021 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 133695 (S. D. Tex. July 19, 2021). The plaintiff alleged that the defendant took advantage of his relationship, lied about his qualifications and experience, and overbilled and had self-dealing transactions. The defendant filed a motion to dismiss based on the economic loss rule, arguing that the plaintiff's claims all arose from oral and written contracts. The federal district court denied the motion to dismiss. The court first discussed the economic loss rule:
Under Texas law, the "economic loss rule generally precludes recovery in tort for economic losses resulting from a party's failure to perform a contract when the harm consists only of the economic loss of a contractual expectancy." In determining if the economic loss rule applies, Texas courts look to both the "source of the alleged duty and the nature of the claimed injury." "[A] party may elect a recovery in tort if the duty breached stands independent from the contractual undertaking, and the alleged damages are not solely the result of a bargained-for contractual benefit." This is because "'[t]ort obligations are in general obligations that are imposed by law—apart from and independent of promises made and therefore apart from the manifested intention of the parties—to avoid injury to others.'"
Id. The court then noted that the economic loss rule does not apply to breaches of fiduciary duty that arose independent of a contract. "Under Texas common law, an 'informal fiduciary duty may arise from a moral, social, domestic or purely personal relationship of trust and confidence, generally called a confidential relationship.'" Id. The court then held that there were sufficient pleadings to support an independent fiduciary duty based on a confidential relationship:
Here, as the Land Defendants acknowledge, RPS alleges a source of duty separate from any alleged written or oral agreement—the longstanding relationship between Small and Mann. RPS describes the breach of fiduciary duty as invoicing RPS two and three times for the same work, entering into and supervising the Five Star MSA and placing his own interests above RPS's, concealing information from RPS, failing to require his companies to follow the contractual requirements, diverting funds for individual purposes, commingling funds, and self-dealing. Dkt. 67 (fourth amended complaint). RPS states that these breaches resulted in excessive costs to RPS, lost business opportunities, and damage to RPS's reputation and goodwill in the industry. While certainly some of the allegations relate to the alleged oral agreement between RPS and Mann, and some are tied to the written agreements between the companies, the allegations of a duty independent of the contracts and damages to RPS's reputation and goodwill resulting from Mann's alleged breach of his fiduciary duties to his long-time friend and business associate are sufficient at the motion to dismiss stage to state a plausible claim for relief that is not barred by the economic loss rule.
In Tristani v. Optionsellers, plaintiffs sued defendants for "reckless mismanagement of Plaintiffs' investment accounts." No. 6:19-cv-585-JDK, 2021 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 100020 (E.D. Tex. April 5, 2021). To formalize the relationship, each plaintiff signed multiple agreements. Among other things, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss because "Texas's economic loss rule bars Plaintiffs' claims for negligent misrepresentation, negligence, negligent supervision, and breach of fiduciary duty." The court granted the motion as to the negligent misrepresentation, negligence, and negligent supervision claims, but denied it as to the breach of fiduciary duty claims. Regarding the economic loss rule, the court stated:
Under Texas's economic loss rule, a plaintiff who is a party to a contract cannot sue under tort unless (1) the defendant owed plaintiff a common law—not contractual—duty and (2) the plaintiff suffered an injury independent of the contract. "In operation, the rule restricts contracting parties to contractual remedies for those economic losses associated with the relationship, even when the breach might reasonably be viewed as a consequence of a contracting party's negligence." In deciding whether the economic loss rule applies, a court should "examine the source of the defendant's duty and the nature of the claimed injury." When "[p]laintiffs fail to allege facts that would impose a duty upon [d]efendants outside of the alleged contracts[,]" the economic loss rule bars the claim and it "should be dismissed as not plausible." Further, the Court must determine "whether the injury is to the subject of the contract itself." "Texas has recognized that, where the damages claimed are (as here) economic loss to the subject of the contract itself, the remedy ordinarily is one of contract alone."
Id. (internal citations omitted). The court held that the economic loss rule barred the negligent misrepresentation claim:
The alleged statements by Defendants relate directly to the parties' contracts, wherein the parties repeatedly affirmed that Defendants' services were not assured to result in profit and that Plaintiffs "discussed the risks of futures and options trading" with the Defendants and understood those risks. To the extent Defendants' trading strategy varied from the "discussed [] risks," Plaintiffs' action arises, if at all, under contract.
Id. The court also held that the economic loss rule barred the plaintiff's negligence claim:
The Complaint expressly references Plaintiffs' accounts and makes clear that Defendants assumed these duties when they undertook to manage the accounts pursuant to the parties' agreements. The alleged duties, then, arise under the parties' contracts, and the remedy for breach sounds in contract.
Id. Finally, the court held that the economic loss rule also barred the negligent supervision claim: "Like Plaintiffs' negligence claim, this claim is barred by the economic loss rule because both the source of Defendants' duty and the nature of Plaintiffs' injury are contractual." Id.
However, the court held that the economic loss rule did not bar the plaintiffs' breach of fiduciary duty claim:
Defendants assert, without analysis or support, that the economic loss rule also bars Plaintiffs' breach-of-fiduciary-duty claim. But "the economic loss rule is inapplicable, and does not bar [a] breach of fiduciary duty claim" when a contract "creates a special relationship that creates fiduciary duties by operation of law." Here, Plaintiffs have alleged a fiduciary duty created by the parties' contract, and Defendants have not identified any other source of a fiduciary duty. Accordingly, the Court DENIES Defendants' motion to dismiss Plaintiffs' fiduciary duty claim
Id. (internal citations omitted).
By Winstead on December 13, 2021
David F. Johnson presented his paper "Litigating Self-Interested Transactions Involving Fiduciaries" to the State Bar of Texas's Fiduciary Litigation Course on December 2-3, 2021, in San Antonio, Texas. This presentation discussed a fiduciary's duty of loyalty, the right to compensation and other benefits, the concept of self-interested transactions, the presumption of unfairness that attaches to self-interested transactions, the factors that fiduciaries must meet to prove the fairness, and procedural issues (in summary judgment proceedings and at trial) in litigating the presumption. David was also the course director for the Fiduciary Litigation Course, which had great attendance.
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Presentation: Trust Issues In Divorce Proceedings
Posted in Business Divorce, Items of Interest, Knowledge Library
David F. Johnson presented "Trust Issues In Divorce Proceedings" on November 17, 2021. This presentation covered trust issues that arise in divorce disputes, such as spouses creating an irrevocable trust, fraud claims to void a trust, conflict of interest issues raised by the same attorney drafting both spouse's estate/trust documents, characterization of trust assets and distributions as separate or community, settlor standing to complain about trust administration issues, trust construction issues, adoption-in and adoption-out issues, spouse/settlor liability for controlling a trust, capacity issues raised by spouses being involved as trustees and director/officer of a closely held business, spouses' co-trustee management issues, the new Texas Trust Code provisions dealing with the effect of dissolution of marriage on certain transfers in trusts.
David F. Johnson presented "Trustee's Obligation to Inform Beneficiaries: Avoiding Breach of Fiduciary Duty Claims" to a national audience on November 16, 2021, via Strafford publishing with his co-presenter Scott E. Rahn, founder of RMO LLP. A critical obligation for trustees of irrevocable trusts is the duty to inform beneficiaries of the trust's existence and activities. Trustees often face claims of breach of fiduciary duty for failure to comply with these responsibilities. Inconsistencies between the trust document and the applicable state law frequently complicate compliance. This presentation addressed a trust's ability to expand or narrow the duty to disclose, statutory provisions dealing with the duty to disclose, demands for accountings, common law duty to disclose, disclosure duties in litigation, quiet trusts, ramifications for non-disclosure, and methods to avoid breach claims.
Court Affirms Decision That Executor Applicant Was Unsuitable For That Position
By David Fowler Johnson on November 18, 2021
In In the Estate of Johnson, an applicant to be an independent administrator appealed a court's decision to not appoint him due to his being unsuitable. No. 02-20-00133-CV, 2021 Tex. App. LEXIS 7138 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth August 26, 2021, no pet. history). The court of appeals first discussed the standard of review of orders finding a person unsuitable:
A probate court's order finding a person is unsuitable to serve as executor is reviewed under an abuse-of-discretion standard. When applying an abuse-of-discretion standard, the normal sufficiency-of-the-evidence review is part of the abuse-of-discretion review and not an independent ground for reversal. The probate court abuses its discretion if its actions are unreasonable or arbitrary or without reference to any guiding rules or principles. "Under an abuse of discretion standard of review, we must make an independent inquiry of the entire record to determine if the trial court abused its discretion and are not limited to reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to support the findings of fact made."
Continue Reading Court Affirms Decision That Executor Applicant Was Unsuitable For That Position
Court's Order Ending Family Allowance To Decedent's Wife Was Reversed Due To A Lack Of Notice To The Wife
In In re Estate of Clark, a trial court entered an order allowing a family allowance for the decedent's wife. No. 02-20-00211-CV, 2021 Tex. App. LEXIS 5685 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth July 15, 2021, no pet. history). After the wife was removed as the administrator of the estate, the court entered another order ending the family allowance. Continue Reading Court's Order Ending Family Allowance To Decedent's Wife Was Reversed Due To A Lack Of Notice To The Wife
Financial Services Webinar – Fiduciary Litigation Update: 2020-2021
Posted in Items of Interest, Knowledge Library, Webinars
David will cover recent statutory changes and case law updates. He will discuss extending the rule against perpetuities, de jure versus de facto status as trustee, modifications to trusts, trust construction, temporary injunctions against trustees, trustee authority to sell real estate, trust management of closely held businesses, co-trustee management, exculpatory clauses, acceptance-of-the-benefits doctrine, will reformation and more.
Date: Tuesday, December 14, 2021
Time: 10:00 – 11:00 a.m. Central Time
Speaker: David F. Johnson
Continuing Education Credit Information:
This course was approved by the State Bar of Texas Committee on MCLE in the amount of 1 credit hour. This course has also been approved for 1.25 CTFA credit by the American Bankers Association, attendees can self report.
In-house counsel and other litigation contacts, trust officers, risk management contacts, and wealth advisors
Webinar instructions will be e-mailed prior to the webinar


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Header board allows for easy track installation and acts as effective backing for hardware system. Adjustable spacers the component that is installed between your track system and the wall. This unique innovation allows customers to control the distance between their wall to provide increased privacy for the door to the room its covering. No need to remove existing baseboards or trim as the spacers adjust from 1.75. Country of Manufacture: United States.
Product Type: Interior Barn Door. Overall Product Weight: 75 lbs. The item "Rustica Hardware Solid Wood 2-Panel Alder Interior Barn Door 36 Clear Coat" is in sale since Monday, August 21, 2017. This item is in the category "Business & Industrial\Construction\Building Materials & Supplies\Doors & Fixtures\Doors". The seller is "wayfair" and is located in Springville, Utah. This item can be shipped to United States.


Doug Quill, co-founder of Quill Films, launched his directing career producing music videos for hall of fame members of The Doors, Chicago, Rod Stewart, and MTV hit videos for R.A. the Rugged Man and Jedi Mind Tricks.
His success continued in directing commercials for clients including DJI, Verizon Fios, Pabst Blue Ribbon, and his most recent project for Tesla. Also an accomplished Director of Photography, Quill has filmed two broadcast TV shows for CJ E&M Film Division entitled "Danny From LA" and "Pop This Way".
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Poland: Financial Parameters Of Auctions For Renewable Energy Sources
by Arkadiusz Krasnodębski , Tomasz Janas , Agnieszka Kulińska and Michał Motylewski
On 3 April 2017 two regulations were published in the Journal of Laws which set out the financial parameters of auctions for renewable energy sources ("RES") that will be held in 2017. The government is planning to spend more than PLN 27 billion (approximately EUR 6.5 billion) on support for producers in auctions, which will generate over 55 TWh of electricity over 15 years. The parameters of the auctions are set out below.
In 2017, fourteen auctions will be organized, each of them dedicated to different groups of installations. Nearly 75% of the funds (PLN 20 billion) will be allocated to the New Installations1. Nearly 63% of all funds (PLN 17 billion) is allocated to the Large Installations2.
So- called stable installations will be the most favored group of installations. The largest part of the funds is allocated to a basket of high-efficiency installations (37% of funds in 4 auctions). Biomass installations are expected to be a dominant group in this basket. Significant funds (35% in 4 auctions) will be allocated to agricultural biogas installations.
It is planned to allocate funds to Waste-to-Energy projects, which should assure the construction of installations with nearly 150 MW of total capacity (1 auction dedicated for New, Large Installations). Part of the funds is also allocated to a basket dedicated to hydro-electric plants, both existing and new ones (3 auctions).
Another part of the budget is allocated to a basket for New Installations covering "other installations" (15% of funds in 2 auctions). In this basket, two auctions are planned: (i) for Small Installations that, according to the government's intention, will result in the construction of 300 MW new photovoltaic projects, and (ii) for Large Installations, where support could be obtained by nearly 150 MW new wind projects. Significant competition is expected in these two auctions.
Installations participating in an auction cannot apply for higher support than the "reference price", which is determined for each year. The reference price is set separately for 21 categories of installations. In 2017, for example this price will be PLN 350 per MWh for Large Installations using wind and PLN 450 per MWh for Small Installations using solar energy.
Auctions will be announced by the President of ERO and cannot be organized earlier than 30 days after its announcement. In light of the RES Act, an auction could be organized at the earliest on 24 May 2017, but no announcements regarding auctions have been made to date.
2. Auction support scheme
Under the Act of 20 February 2015 on renewable energy sources ("RES Act"), there are two support schemes for RES installations in Poland. Existing Installations can obtain support in the form of certificates of origin ("Green Certificates") and can sell electricity to designated entities at the officially determined price ("System of Certificates")3. New Installations will compete for support allocated in auctions ("Auction System") organized by the President of the Energy Regulatory Office ("ERO").
The Auction System is dedicated mainly to New Installations, but Existing Installations can also transfer to this System (in such case they lose a right to participate in System of Certificates). This system is intended to assure the future development of RES, but in a controlled and predictable manner – this may be pursued through the allocation of budgets to auctions where installations favored by the government start and through the reduction of budgets for auctions for unwanted installations.
1. There are RES installations which started production of renewable energy before 1 July 2016 ("Existing Installations") and after 1 July 2016 ("New Installations");
2. There are installations with capacity of up to 1 MW ("Small Installations") and those with capacity of over 1 MW ("Large Installations");
3. From 1 January 2018, only RES installations with a capacity less than 500 kW and agricultural biogas installations will be able to benefit from mandatory purchase of electricity.
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Arkadiusz Krasnodębski
Tomasz Janas
Agnieszka Kulińska
Michał Motylewski
Poland Energy and Natural Resources Renewables
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Lagda is a census town and a gram panchayat in the Purulia I [[Community  lgda = los gays dan asco
development blocks in India|CD block]] in the Purulia Sadar subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.

Geography

Location
Lagda is located at .

Area overview
Purulia district forms the lowest step of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The general scenario is undulating land with scattered hills. Purulia Sadar subdivision covers the central portion of the district. 83.80% of the population of the subdivision lives in rural areas. The map alongside shows some urbanization around Purulia city. 18.58% of the population, the highest among the subdivisions of the district, lives in urban areas. There are 4 census towns in the subdivision. The Kangsabati (locally called Kansai) flows through the subdivision. The subdivision has old temples, some of them belonging to the 11th century or earlier. The focus is on education - the university, the sainik school, the Ramakrishna Mission Vidyapith at Bongabari, the upcoming medical college at Hatuara, et al.

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

Demographics
According to the 2011 Census of India, Lagda had a total population of 5,694, of which 2,985 (52%) were males and 2,705 (48%) were females. There were 696 persons in the age range of 0–6 years. The total number of literate persons in Lagda was 3,471 (69.45% of the population over 6 years).

Infrastructure
According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Puruliya, Lagda covered an area of 4.2857 km2. There is a railway station at Purulia 12 km away. Among the civic amenities, the protected water supply involved overhead tank and tap water from untreated sources. It had 425 domestic electric connections. Among the medical facilities it had 1 hospital, 2 dispensaries/ health centres, 1 maternity and child welfare centre. Among the educational facilities it had were 4 primary schools, 1 secondary school, 1 senior secondary school, the nearest degree college at Purulia 7 km away.

Education
Lagda High School is a Bengali-medium coeducational institution established in 1937. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has 12 computers, 5,348 books in the library and a play ground.

Lagda Girls High School is a Bengali-medium girls only institution established in 2000. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class X.

Healthcare
There is a primary health centre at Lagda with 6 beds.

References

Cities and towns in Purulia district

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Heat the oil in a large pan. Add the bay leaf, onion, chilli and ginger, and cook until soft and golden. Add the turmeric, cumin, coriander and season. Stir and add a splash of water to prevent sticking. Add the squash and 150ml of water. Boil, then cover and simmer until the squash is tender. Stir in the chick peas, garam masala and if necessary a little more water. The dish should be moist but not too saucy when served. Chill quickly and store refrigerated for up to 24 hours.
Make the raita by sprinkling the grated cucumber with salt and allow to drain. After 1 hour squeeze any excess moisture out of the cucumber then combine with the yogurt, adding crushed garlic and chopped mint. Season and chill until service.
Heat the curry through and cook the rice.
Serve the curry over rice sprinkled with fresh coriander. Serve with warm naan bread and cucumber raita.


use the Allan wrench provided.
You can also push the ball bearing in without removing the plastic film if you like.
2. Slowly inject up to 30 ml. of ink into the filling hole.
You may add an additional 5 cc if the cartridge will take it.
( the set screw will self-tap and form an excellent plug which can be removed and re-installed each time you refill).
Screw in the set screw by the Allen wrench until it is flush with the bottom of the cartridge.
Some ink may leak from the print head.
4. Set in a little container for 30 minutes as a drip precaution.
Clean the printhead with a paper towel. Make sure no dripping, then install the cartridge to make a test print.
If printout shows too much ink, let the cartridge touch a paper towel to draw out the excess ink.
Make a test print again until printout good enough.


I absolutely love Matthew Perchemlides. Dr. Perch is an amazing person and doctor. Since meeting him as a patient at the Cancer Treatment Centers of America three years ago my medical and personal life have become increasingly better. I appreciate doctors who take the time to get to know their patients and Dr. Perch certainly fits the bill. Which is why one of the saddest days I experienced as patient at CTCA was when the announcement came that Dr. Perch's residency was coming to an end. Needless to say one of the happiest days of my was life was learning he is continuing his work in private practice. He continues to provide me with the tools and support I need to live a long, healthy and happy life. Understandably cancer has a way of putting things on the back burner. For a while it felt like my family was being held hostage. Now today I am nearly four years into remission, I am 60 lbs. lighter, my overall health is great, my family is thriving and I am living my best life possible. In large part to Dr. Perch. I would definitely recommend him and his work to anyone.


Greensboro National Golf Club is committed to providing an excellent golfing experience that matches and exceeds each customer's expectation with uncompromising customer service, superior course conditioning and first-class food and beverage. The club is dedicated to delivering these standards while preserving and growing the game of golf, consistently delivering value driven enjoyment, and pro-actively embracing changes to the game and culture.
Available for just $30 a year. All handicaps expire at the end of the calendar year. A verifiable GHIN handicap is required for membership in all club golf associations.
Greensboro National is proud to provide golf carts equipped with GPS systems. This technologically advanced GPS feature heightens the golf experience for players by providing an accurate distance to the pin, regardless of its position on the green. It also allows for seemless communication between players on the course and the golf professional staff in the clubhouse.
•Shirts and shoes are required at all times in the clubhouse and on the course.
•All tobacco products are to be placed in trash cans and not thrown on the grounds.
•No rough play, fighting, or abusive behavior will be permitted.
•Minors will not be allowed to purchase or consume tobacco or alcohol products.
•No illegal drugs are allowed on the property.
•Only paid golfers are allowed on the golf course.
•Facilities may be reserved by members and non-members for special occasions and tournaments.
•Collared shirts are recommended, but not required.
•No T-shirts, tank tops or cutoffs are allowed on the course.
•Fishing is prohibited at all times.
•Personal coolers are not allowed.
•No outside alcoholic beverages allowed.
•Riders are to pay cart fee when extra cart is required.
•Homeowner's pets are allowed on the course as long as they are on a leash and the owner is responsbile for all actions.
•All play will be governed by USGA rules, (except for certain local rules).
•Only soft spikes on the course.
•No glass containers allowed on the course.
•Fivesomes will not be allowed at any time without permission.
•Please follow directions of Course Advisors.
•Players are expected to keep the course and carts clean.
•Please fill in all divots with sand.
•Please repair your ball mark and one other on greens.
•Slower players must allow faster players to play through.
•Greensboro National Golf Club may restrict the use of the carts to protect the quality of the course.
•Carts must remain on the path around tees and greens.
•Two riders are allowed per cart. Standing on carts is not allowed.
•Absolutely no aggressive or unsafe driving allowed.
•Cart fees are for 9 or 18 holes only.
•Only licensed drivers are allowed to drive golf carts.
•Drivers are responsible for any damage to the golf cart.


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Twitter is wiping embeds of deleted tweets from the web
Home → Social Media → Twitter is wiping embeds of deleted tweets from the web
The edit tweet button isn't Twitter's only new feature that can rewrite history. The company has apparently changed the way it handles embedded tweets that were deleted after the fact, littering web pages across the internet with holes.
Previously, a deleted tweet embedded in a web page would still display the text content of a tweet. Now that text is gone, showing only a blank box. Twitter is altering web pages with deleted embedded tweets by hiding the text with JavaScript — a choice that has many developers and open web advocates up in arms.
In a blog post, IndieWeb developer and former Google Developer Advocate Kevin Marks slammed Twitter's change, likening it to "tampering with the public record." Marks cites former President Trump's since-deleted tweets as an example of content in the public interest that should remain available, adding that Twitter's new approach toward deleted embedded tweets is "disturbing."
In a tweet replying to Marks' concerns, Twitter Senior Product Manager Eleanor Harding said that Twitter is seeking to "better respect when people have chosen to delete their Tweets" with the change. Harding said that the deleted tweet embeds would soon display a message rather than just leaving a completely blank box, which is what's happening right now.
Marks isn't the only one raising concerns that the ahistorical approach to old tweets will damage the web.
"Twitter is doing more than just preserving the privacy of people who choose to delete their tweets: they're using JavaScript to retroactively hide the quoted plain text in their embeds, even though it's still there in the HTML," said Andy Baio, who created the virtual event platform Skittish and previously served as the CTO of Kickstarter. "This is a huge problem for preserving the historical record."
"… Anyone writing on the web could have used a screenshot of a tweet or just quoted the text, but had the confidence of knowing that if an embedded tweet was deleted, the plain text would still remain. Twitter broke that pact by changing this behavior."
Twitter announced Tuesday that it would soon be testing editable tweets through Twitter Blue, its premium subscription service. Between the change to embedded tweets and that controversial news, the company seems to be moving toward a philosophy that puts its users' intentions first, well above any concerns around archiving historical content. But the feature's critics argue that giving users free rein to change their tweets after the fact could worsen some of Twitter's most intractable platform problems, including harassment and misinformation.
Much like public reception of the once-mythological edit tweet button, people are likely to be split on if Twitter deleting bits of the internet's collective memory is a good move or an ominous step in the wrong direction. There's a natural tension between the ethos of the "right to be forgotten" movement, which seeks to empower people to have certain kinds of content about them deleted from the internet, and the researchers, developers and other open information advocates that view the web as a living document — one to be updated constantly but never altered outright.
Twitter is working on an edit button for real
Europe's top court rules that 'right to be forgotten' only applies in Europe
Skittish is what you'd get if you crossed Animal Crossing with Clubhouse
By CarolynClarkDFW on April 6, 2022 / Social Media / Leave a comment


Since 1992, when the very first edition appeared, John and Sally McKenna's 100 Best Restaurants in Ireland has celebrated, championed and offered critical analysis of the best restaurants throughout Ireland, North and South. The McKenna's 100 Best Restaurants is iconoclastic – it includes food carts, beachside shacks, and tiny rooms, as well as grand theatres for eating – and the list has consistently interpreted and defined what modern, creative Irish cooking is, and what it can achieve. After 25 years, the 100 Best Restaurants list is as definitive and controversial as ever, and each year the new list excites enormous controversy and comment.
48 McCurtain Street, Cork, Co.Cork.
Spanish Arch, Long Walk, Galway.
1 Brewery Place, Bridge Street, Westport, County Mayo.


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While it's important to have measurable indicators like the total weapons handed in, it's the intangible factors like the numbers of lives and human connections that are rebuilt after decades of violent conflict that really matter.
"I support the peace accord, I really want the armed conflict to end… I want to forgive them, but I also need them to tell me the truth." Ines (name changed) was almost killed by the FARC in one of the guerrilla's rural strongholds a few years ago, but she still doesn't know why. Her story, like those of many others, shows the disproportionate impact the armed conflict has had on Colombia's rural population.
To combat part of this problem, the Havana peace deal envisages Circunscripciones Especiales Transitorias de Paz – special peace constituencies that will temporarily guarantee representation of the most affected territories in congress. It would effectively redraw the Colombian democratic map, giving extra seats to the special constituencies. However, the bill that creates these new constituencies has not yet been passed. Time is of the essence, as the special fast-track procedure to quickly implement peace measures is due to end in November. If the bill doesn't pass before then, no representatives from the peace constituencies will be able to run in the upcoming parliamentary elections in March 2018.
Usually, when we think about peace processes, it's all about the "big issues" that can easily be measured, such as the numbers of reintegrated combatants or the weapons they have handed over. But many of the long-term challenges facing post-conflict Colombia can't be broken down into numbers, especially when it comes to restoring social and human relations in the once conflict-ridden countryside. This is mainly due to the complex demographics and intertwined social networks in these areas.
For one thing, the population in rural regions can't be neatly divided into groups, as they often overlap. Many civilians have been victimised by all the actors involved in the conflict in one way or another. In addition, while some people may be open to living side by side with ex-combatants as they are relatives or friends, others have family members in two opposing groups at the same time: some may have joined the paramilitaries or the army, while others were with the guerrilla.
Ex-combatants who were minors when they joined the guerrilla pose another challenge to peaceful coexistence in the territories. A lot has been said about forced child recruitment within the FARC, but many of the under 15-year-olds who joined the insurgency actually did so voluntarily either in an effort to escape violence in their community, or simply because they wanted to be part of a group that promised social ties, food and protection. Despite the many dangers and implied risks of signing up, many of these teens adopted a cultura guerrillera – an identity that revolves around social values, music and other non-violent customs that they are likely to retain.
Naturally, the demobilised combatants must also prepare to give up certain things. For many, this includes accepting their loss of power in the communities they once controlled. As armed individuals, they were able to forcibly impose their rules and decisions on civilians. The end of the armed conflict, however, is changing these power relations. At the same time, angry civilians may take advantage of the fact that the FARC are now unarmed, making them easy prey for threats and attacks of revenge. Some may be able to deal with these legitimate emotions, but for those who aren't, a lot will depend on the work of territorial organisations. Moreover, ex-guerrilla members can contribute to reducing the hate by committing themselves to telling the truth, recognising their mistakes and rebuilding communities together with civil society.
This two-way process won't be easy: On the one hand, ex-combatants need to respect civilian rights and achievements, such as the communitarian councils established by the afro population or the indigenous reserves. Civil society, on the other hand, will need to accept non-violent guerrilla customs, values and the internal cohesion that is likely to persist within their now unarmed groups.
Of course, there are numerous other risks in rural contexts: many regions formerly controlled by the FARC have become a battlefield for different legal and illegal groups on the hunt for natural resources (such as gold, petrol and coca) and social control. As the numbers of attacks against human rights defenders and social leaders show, rural Colombia continues to be a region under threat. Paramilitary groups, but also the ELN and FARC dissidents are still strong in some regions of the country. All those groups compromise the implementation of the peace accord and, as a consequence, the possibility of fruitful local processes for peace and reconciliation.
The idea of "territorial peace" is repeated at least 118 times in the peace agreement. But what does that actually imply? It means thinking about these local processes, relations and dimensions of conflict, violence and peace, and not just on a macro level. It implies the need to listen to one another and accept each other's reality to overcome social stigmas. As the scholar Luc Huyse said, reconciliation "is not an event but a process, and as such usually a difficult, long and unpredictable one, involving various steps and stages." These stages include moving towards a state of coexistence, trust and empathy, all of which will be indispensable for real and lasting peacebuilding in Colombia.
Julia Lledín holds a degree in political science from the Universidad Complutense in Madrid and a Master's degree in Human Rights from the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia. She has worked with human rights and peacebuilding organisations in Colombia, such as the CINEP and the Permanent Committee for the Defence of Human Rights as well as local organisations and communities in rural areas affected by the armed conflict.


The library served our community for decades; its proposed conversion into a school would have served the community well as would a proposed community center. Changing a building constructed to serve community residents to sheltering animals is an insult to a neighborhood that has lacked social services and recreational space since the very first private homes and apartment buildings went up. From Fordham Road to 201st St. between Webster Ave. and the Grand Concourse, there is not one playground.
An apt description of the City's current response to the community's need for the library building would be "the City is literally letting the neighborhood go to the dogs."
...if you're on four legs..
This is unbelievable. We have children in unstable homes who end up becoming teenagers looking for comfort in the street. And, we address that by ignoring many request to provide them with a place that can show them a different way. A place that can give them hope and resources to make something better than their current situation. When I pass the Old Fordham Library I see young people in need of help, not dogs and cats asking for a place to stay.
WE DEMANDED A YOUTH CENTER...NOT A "EUTH CENTER"!!! This is an outrage and a lowblow on behalf of the city. In a time where the urban communities need more support than ever in an ever crumbling economy how is an animal shelter going to spark the economy!? How is it going to invigorate our youth (me being a youth myself) to excel in education and strive for a more prominent future? I personally worked for Animal Care & Control of NYC and know the need for space for animals since poor animals, who not because of behavior but because of space, get euthanized daily. We don't need another kill center. More adoption centers need to be made, but not at the expense of our youth. I was a young victim of the streets, getting shot, stabbed, head cracked, nose broken all because I had no where to exert my energy in a safe and constructive manor. The centers around my neighborhoods in the Southbronx only catered to students within the schoolzone or jockeys who's only concern was to play ball, since there was nothing else implemented to spark a youth's interest. Riverside was too far, and costly for my lower-middle-income-household and none of my friends would be willing to travel. I see youth hanging out at Poe Park passing time unconstructively, waisting their years. I meet and mentor teens who cannot properly read or express themselves because they can't get enough attention at school. I meet young people who aspire to play great roles in society but can't obtain the basic resources to excel. Our young people need to learn how the system works so we can work the system to our advantage. Education is such a top priority, but it's only been an incentive, when will it be an action? Where's the local government in all this? Only responses I see is from within the community and the COMMUNITY board (emphasis added on community). People need to step up. This is unnacceptable. I can write an essay detailing how bad of an idea this is but I'm only one voice...let the rest of the community's be heard. Oh wait...our city seems to be turning into a dictatorship...where the community's opinion doesn't matter.
I heard a quote a while back that said "Loyalty is never silent!" Nothing can be more true. Clearly the maker of this decision does not understand that concept. Or even worse, they understand it and don't care. This is really the biggest display of "we don't think that much of you." There really are no other words except "outrage!" It is clear that the loyalty is not to the children in the area.
In the most sarcasm tone ever, let me relay this sentiment: "I am sure we are killing animals, and not building up children."
So let's see crime up, gang enrollment up, schools overcrowded, teen prostitution in the area up... and the city decides what we need for that area is an animal kill center. Everything rises and falls on leadership and this insult just shows our leadership is blind to our needs.
Where will these decision makers be if the misguided youth that were passed over for this decides to submit to peer pressure, still blind? Who deals with the consequenses?
I gotta be honest, I've lived in the area all my life, as a kid. The library wasn't only a place for books to sit, but for kids to grow. As times changed so did the community, a community that thrives on expression from the kids dancing on the neighborhood street corners, to the kids looking for anything in which to attach a milk crate to, and play a simple game of basketball. The sad reality is that our kids these days, are bored. Bored with over crowd schools, a lack of Mentor ship, and especially a lack of life. For this once young individual I loved the fact that, there were places to go in which I could stay off the street, and build my character. These days there are no places, no places where kids can learn how to interact with a grown-up and receive that one-on-one time every young person needs.
To now find that The Once Famed " Fordham Library " which now stands to be an Animal Shelter, I ask you THE POWERS THAT BE, come to the neighborhood where you want to place this Animal shelter.
I challenge you to walk up and down the street 3 times back and fourth, and count the number of stray animals, and tell me if it out numbers the number of stay young people seeking an outlet to what this city has to offer.
I am all for building a much needed shelter, because I do believe animals unlike humans do not have the opportunity to make choices but not at the expense of the youth in my community.
I understand there are other options for the animal shelter. The location in Queens as the Daily News reporter a while back would have been better suited. In addition the community board also pointed towards another option.
Our community has spoken and our needs need to be met. I certainly do not believe that our Health Commissioner would compromise the physical and mental well being of our at risk youth just like that.
..."the city quietly gave control of the 27,400-square-foot structure over to the Health Department for use as an animal shelter".
Where are our current elected officials???? What role do they play in ensuring that OUR concerns and needs are addressed. How many people rallied for the animal shelter? It's obvious... we need leaders who will represent our concerns... finally!!!!!
I guess they told us!!!! Programs for our community members are less important than even the animals. We need a change in leadership. Be sure we will remember this in the next election!!!!!!
EVERYONE, WE NEED A CHANGE IN LEADERSHIP!!!!!! We obviously cannnot count on those in power now! Maria Baez, where are you????
I personally am all for this shelter. There are many other places that kids nowadays can get help from and they don't want it. These animals need our help. The nearby shelters are in Manhattan and from what I read lately, they want to turn it into a spay and neuter institute. 2,000 square feet. Not bad at all. Jobs AND saving the lives of more homeless animals that in the end, end up gassed or euthanized.
I AM FOR FREE VISECTOMIES AND SPAYING OF ALL YOUTHS ..
THEY WONT OR CANT LEARN FIX THEM GOOD!!
Putting up an animal shelter is a great idea and i think that it should be done.


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Non-Review Review: Blair Witch
Posted on September 9, 2016 by Darren
Blair Witch is more clever than scary, which is at once the best and worst thing about it.
Reteaming veteran collaborators director Adam Wingard and writer Simon Barrett, the film is nominally a long-delayed sequel to the classic 1999 found footage horror. The Blair Witch Project was something of a game-changer when it arrived. At a point in time when movies like The Matrix and The Truman Show (not to mention eXistenz and The Thirteenth Floor) teased out the idea of characters trapped in unreal surroundings, The Blair Witch Project applied that aesthetic to a horror movie in the style of Cannibal Holocaust.
Any witch way but loose…
The Blair Witch Project kickstarted an entire genre of contemporary horror framed as documentary footage of horrible happenings; Cloverfield, [rec], Diary of the Dead, The Last Exorcism, Paranormal Activity. Such films appealed to studios because they were cheap to make, relying on no-name casts and minimal special effects as part of the premise. They also resonated with audiences, perhaps because they spoke to the postmodern anxieties at the cusp of the twenty-first century, perhaps because they mirrored the use of amateur footage in news and online.
Blair Witch marks a return to that premise, perhaps a fond farewell to a genre that has been in decline for the past few years. At their best, Wingard and Barrett push the premise of found footage horror to its limit. This is a film that wallows in its self-awareness and referential integrity, one that feels postmodern and cheeky, one that draws attention to its own status as a sequel by pointedly trapping its characters within a sequel. It is all very clever, and Blair Witch works best when it plays with these ideas. Unfortunately, its scares are nowhere near as clever.
Branching out.
Part of the thrill of the original Blair Witch Project was the way that it blurred the line between fact and fiction. Of course, nobody actually believed that the film was edited together from the real footage of a bunch of kids lost in the woods, but the premise was novel enough in the heady days of 1999 that The Blair Witch Project turned its "true story" into a selling point. (Think of it as an exceedingly trashy supernatural Fargo.) The film had a certain mystique, its reliance on hand-held footage lending it a verisimilitude that earned it a lot of credit.
This creates an interesting contrast between The Blair Witch Project and Blair Witch. In 1999, that premise was different enough that the audience would latch on to it. After all, reality television was still new and exciting, a concept that many viewers embraced as a glimpse of real people acting naturally in surreal circumstances. By 2016, audiences know better than to buy into such things. The average viewer is savvy enough to understand that all reality television offers is a distinct brand of unreality. The audience knows better than to trust labels or premises.
The camera ALWAYS lies.
Blair Witch revels in this unreality, constantly drawing attention to the blurred line that exists between what is real and what is fake; rather, between what is fake-real and what is fake-fake. At one point, an expert in the strange phenomenon at the heart of the film is accused of faking evidence. He confesses immediately, "We faked it. We faked it because it was real." It is a bizarre dichotomy, but one that speaks to how elastic this concept has become, and adopting the signifiers of documentary film making is no longer enough to convince an audience.
Most found footage horrors tend to downplay the obsession that their protagonists share with documenting horror footage, and (presumably) editing it together into a linear horror film narrative. After all, drawing attention to the artificial nature of the premise undercuts the verisimilitude. While the use of hand-held cameras and perspective shots invites the audience to accept what they are seeing is real, making the audience wonder why the characters are still filming immediately negates that storytelling advantage.
Stick with it.
However, Blair Witch plays up that obsession. A significant portion of the film is composed of shots of the perspective camera staring at another camera, or watching footage on a monitor. The characters in Blair Witch are all constantly wired for recording, allowing the movie to cut across them as they converse. The majority of home media equipment films in high-definition, so the film avoids the blurry grainy quality traditionally used to suggest the authenticity of such recordings. Characters film other characters filming them, an infinite recursion loop.
"I'm going to need you to sign a release form," the documentary student Lisa asks one of her subjects. He responds, "Yeah, I'm going to need to you to sign one too." Lisa talks about using a drone to get establishing shots, blurring the lines between the rough hand-held aesthetic that defines these found footage horrors and more conventional horror films. After all, found footage horrors are supposed to approximate low-budget amateur documentary film making, which is getting more sophisticated every year. Soon, a fake amateur documentary is indistinguishable from any other film.
Raining on their parade.
There is a sense that Blair Witch is constantly on the verge of eating itself, asking the audience to wonder how deep all this unreality goes as the levels bounce off one another. Indeed, Blair Witch suggests that its characters are trapped in some sort of weird horror sequel. Repeatedly over the course of the film, characters point to overlapping events; to echoes of the first film playing out again for them. Events repeat, images recur, patterns echo. However, there is more to it than that.
Despite the film's mythology hinging on ancient witchcraft, the horror of Blair Witch is largely technological and existential in nature. Characters repeatedly find themselves looping over one another, like footage put on repeat. Watching the film, it frequently seems like the characters are stuck on a scratched disk or a broken tape, repeating earlier events time and time again in defiance of physical reality. No matter how far the characters wander, they return to the same place. They run up the same flight of stairs several times in a two-storey house.
Don't look now.
Understandably, looking and seeing becomes a major recurring motif of the film. After all, the central appeal of found footage horror is the idea that a horror is more authentic if it is caught and "trapped" on celluloid or digital film. Early in the film, it is suggested that nobody has seen the eponymous monster and lived to tell of it. Towards the end of the film, it is suggested that the key to surviving the encounter lies in not seeing the creature. It is very much a challenge issued to an audience watching a found footage horror.
This is all very clever, and speaks to the skill of Wingard and Barrett. Blair Witch bends the unreality of found footage horror back upon itself with a practised ease, recalling the charm of their earlier collaborations on self-aware films like The Guest. However, the pair find themselves working within rather severe limitations with Blair Witch. Most notably, the film can only support so much irony. It needs to be an effective horror in its own right as much as a clever twist on a long-standing genre.
Washed out.
The problem is that the scares in Blair Witch are all very conventional. They are heavily reliant on jump scares conveyed through classic found-footage trappings; the use of natural light to create convenient negative space, the rendering of underwhelming CGI that only splashes in a couple of frames, the exploitation of the extremely confined perspective of in-universe cameras to allow threats to appear out of nowhere and attack unseen. There is nothing inherently wrong with these elements, and Wingard uses them well enough, but they aren't as clever as the film.
This is ultimately the biggest issue with Blair Witch. The film has a very clever premise and framework, but it is doggedly conventional when it comes to delivering scares. There is an interesting contrast between the movie's recursive postmodernism and its more traditional aesthetic. The film is very clever and very well-observed, but it also rests quite neatly on elements that are decidedly old-school. There is a weird dichotomy at the heart of the film that does not quite work, the film's effective jump scares feeling insufficient of themselves.
Ominous signs.
It is hard to tell whether Blair Witch is simply too smart or not scary enough for its own good.
Filed under: Non-Review Reviews | Tagged: blair witch, film, non-review review, review, the blair witch project |
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drwhonovels, on September 11, 2016 at 2:52 am said:
This is Blair Witch's 2nd sequel, although to watch the 1st sequel (Book of Shadows, a movie that had no book in it, if memory serves me right) is to make it pretty obvious why nobody remembers it.
Darren, on September 13, 2016 at 8:58 am said:
Ha! Yep, Blair Witch pretty much positions itself as the only sequel you need. Which seems the logical choice.
RT @KurtBelcher: https://t.co/sZHjVOIW4x...around...	21 minutes ago
@teh_nos "We are entering the anus!"...around...	2 hours ago
@teh_nos *Good* jokes, crucially....around...	2 hours ago
Since "Thor: Ragnarok" is trending, let's take a moment to pause and acknowledge that it's one of the best MCU movi… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…...around...	2 hours ago


text:
Biografia
Nata nel 1969 a Essen, vive e lavora a Berlino.

Dal 1989 al 1992 ha studiato letteratura e filosofia tedesca e slava all'Università di Bonn e dal 1992 al 1995 si è specializzata a Berlino.

Insegnante di tedesco dal 1997 al 2003 in un progetto di scuola primaria tedesco-polacco, è membra dell'Accademia delle scienze e della letteratura, dell'Accademia tedesca di lingua e letteratura, dell'Accademia delle arti libere di Amburgo e del Centro PEN Germania.

Autrice di romanzi e raccolte poetiche, nel 2018 ha vinto il Berliner Literaturpreis e l'anno successivo è entrata nella shortlist del Man Booker International Prize con il romanzo Le isole dei pini.

Particolarmente apprezzata la sua lirica, premiata con riconoscimenti di diverso ambito (tra cui il Deutscher Preis für Nature Writing) e ben conosciuta anche in Italia, dove ha ricevuto il prestigioso premio CEPPO - Pistoia nel 2020 per l'opera Paesaggi in prestito.

Opere principali

Narrativa
 Baden bei Gewitter (2002)
 Schwarzweißroman (2005)
 Cani del cielo (Hundenovelle, 2008), Milano, Cairo, 2009 traduzione di Margherita Belardetti ISBN 978-88-6052-243-6.
 Die Sonnenposition (2013)
 Le isole dei pini (Die Kieferninseln, 2017), Milano, Bompiani, 2019 traduzione di Dario Borso ISBN 978-88-452-9714-4.

Poesia
 Verschlossene Kammern (2002)
 Grund zu Schafen (2004)
 Geistersehen (2010)
 Paesaggi in prestito (Geliehene Landschaften, 2018), Bracciano, Del Vecchio Editore 2020, traduzione di Paola Del Zoppo ISBN 9788861101128.

Premi e riconoscimenti
 2000 Stipendium der Stiftung Kulturfonds Berlin und Brandenburg
 2002 Alfred-Döblin-Stipendium
 2003 Autoren-Förderungsprogramm der Stiftung Niedersachsen (Poesia lirica)
 2003 Wolfgang-Weyrauch-Förderpreis
 2003 Aufenthaltsstipendium Künstlerhaus Lukas in Ahrenshoop
 2004 Stipendium der Deutschen Akademie Rom Villa Massimo
 2005 Förderpreis des Kulturkreises der Deutschen Wirtschaft im BDI
 2005 Nominiert für den Deutschen Buchpreis mit Schwarzweißroman
 2005 Literaturpreis Ruhrgebiet
 2006 Stipendium des Heinrich-Heine-Hauses der Stadt Lüneburg
 2006 Stipendium im Internationalen Künstlerhaus Villa Concordia
 2006 Förderpreis zum Droste-Preis der Stadt Meersburg
 2007 Förderpreis des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen für junge Künstlerinnen und Künstler
 2007 Arbeitsstipendium des Deutschen Literaturfonds
 2007 Literaturstipendium in den Künstlerhäusern Worpswede
 2009 Kunstpreis Literatur der Land Brandenburg Lotto GmbH
 2009 Literaturstipendium der Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (Else-Heiliger-Fonds)
 2009 Stipendium Künstlerhaus Edenkoben
 2010 Stadtschreiberin zu Rheinsberg
 2011 Stadtschreiberstipendium Tübingen
 2011 Peter-Huchel-Preis
 2011 Arbeitsstipendium des Berliner Senats
 2011 Ernst Meister-Preis für Lyrik für Geistersehen
 2012 Arbeitsstipendium des Deutschen Literaturfonds
 2013 Finalistin beim Deutschen Buchpreis (Shortlist) mit Die Sonnenposition
 2013 Wilhelm-Raabe-Literaturpreis
 2015 Thomas-Kling-Poetikdozentur der Universität Bonn
 2016 Mitglied der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Mainz
 2017 Deutscher Preis für Nature Writing
 2017 Düsseldorfer Literaturpreis
 2017 Mitglied der Deutschen Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung
 2017 Nominiert für den Deutschen Buchpreis mit Die Kieferninseln (Shortlist)
 2018 Berliner Literaturpreis, mit Gastprofessur für deutschsprachige Poetik an der FU Berlin im Sommersemester 2018
 2018 Klopstock-Preis für neue Literatur für Die Kieferninseln
 2019 Nominiert für den Man Booker International Prize (Shortlist) für Die Kieferninseln (The Pine Islands)
 2019 Mitglied der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Künste
 2020 Wiesbadener Lyrikpreis Orphil für ihr bisheriges lyrisches Werk – insbesondere für den Band Nimbus
 2020 Hölty-Preis für ihr umfangreiches lyrisches Œuvre (unter besonderer Hervorhebung des Bandes Nimbus

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni


AFTER a two-week break in the Carlsberg South-West Peninsula League, Argyle get back on the road with a trip to Godolphin Atlantic on Saturday afternoon.
While the first-team host Bradford City in Sky Bet League One, the Peninsula Pilgrims will be seeking an eighth straight victory to consolidate our position at the top of the Premier Division.
There is no game in the EFL Youth Alliance this weekend and Argyle Ladies also have a rare rest, although the development squad travel to St Agnes in the FA Women's South-West League Western Division.


moto oes have good fones no doubt but ex series is a falure and crab nokia c series is cool and moto droid series is cool.
Please tell that in this phone is I am talking on one SIM card no. then at that time does the other SIM gets deactivated means a person calling on other SIM no. will get a msg saying "Switch Off". Please comment??
Amit, 13 Nov 2010should i buy this?Definitely dude, cause the phone is a bomb. I've used a variety of models of MOTOROLA, NOKIA, SAMSUNG & Sony Ericsson. Till now, whatever experience I've gathered, MOTOROLA is the better choice that the rest.
NOKIA provides the highest battery-life at the expense of 3rd calss multimedia equipments.
MOTOROLA (amongst these brands) provides the better multimedia devices. And good multimedia devices consume a lot of power.
So, if you are willing to compromise the multimedia & want a long battery-life cell, go for NOKIA.
Nilesh, 13 Nov 2010This phone is pls donot buy,In this phone china os id buit,on other motrola phone own os,t hat... morewhy you are calling it as bad phone?
It's a very very gud phone compare to micromax or 3rd class brands.It supports opera5.1 which don't in mmx.So believe in branded company.Don't go in any negetive opinion.
R.s.chauhan, 10 Nov 2010moto Ex115 is very good phone it has facebook,orkut and youtube. I like it and i am very happy... moresir, are u sure, if then pls guide with where i get the data cable & pc sync cd to use this phone as a modem.
Guyz is that dual Stand by?
George, 11 Nov 2010I need a dual sim phone bcoz at present I am carrying 2 Nokia phone. I prefer bar type phone t... moreGeorge my man, if you want a good camera phone, then this is the Best. And the sound quality is great. No wonder MOTOROLA is still the largest cell phone company in the world.
whether annivarsasry date can be stored with alarm which will auto repeat yearly?
srihari, 04 Nov 2010hi friends, 2 days back i bought this phone. i am fully satisfied about this. POSITIVE: 1. ... moreDear srihari, how did you know the java heap memory size of this phone is 8 mb?
nice phone...service is the only issue with this moto...jst coz f dat divert my choice n bought fly B450...hpy with it...looks r awesome...prty close to what ''BB curve'' looks like !!!


McDonald?s says it?s looking to super-size its workforce this month here in the U.S.
The restaurant says its hiring spree will add 50,000 new employees in April.
The company, which has 14,000 locations across the nation, says the new spots are both full and part-time, and will include crew and management positions.


improve quality of life for people.
provide templates to develop evidence-based services and monitor services.
integrate the NHS Outcomes Framework and other commissioning documents.
formulation of an appropriate data set.
reduction in related transplantation, liver cell cancer, and decompensated cirrhosis.
develop a synopsis prior to a full service specification.
an understanding of the long-term effects of the intervention.
There are three examples of logic models in the toolkit that relate to hepatitis C services. The logic model example for the needle and syringe programme and opioid substitute therapy service has been developed from NICE guidance.29 It may be worth considering people who successfully complete the needle and syringe programme as ideal candidates for NICE-recommended treatment of hepatitis C.
health and wellbeing boards (awareness of hepatitis C).
GP awareness programmes to increase testing for hepatitis C in at-risk individuals should be considered by CCGs.
Innes H, Hutchinson S, Allen S et al on behalf of the Hepatitis C Clinical Database Monitoring Committee. Excess liver-related morbidity of chronic hepatitis C patients, who achieve a sustained viral response, and are discharged from care. Hepatology 2011; 54: 1547–1558.
Politics.co.uk website. Jeremy Hunt speech in full. www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2012/10/09/jeremy-hunt-speech-in-full (accessed 30 January 2013).
Department of Health. Hepatitis C action plan for England. London: DH, General Health Protection, 2004.
Callaghan S, Perigo G. ABC commissioning for outcomes model: can it be used for any service? Guidelines in Practice 2011; 14 (1): 27–34.
Perigo G, Callaghan S. The outcome strategic map can support the commissioning process. Guidelines in Practice 2011; 14 (2): 46–50.
W. K. Kellogg Foundation website. Logic model development guide. Michigan: W.K. Kellogg Foundation, 2004. Available at: www.wkkf.org (accessed 14 January 2013).


text:
Explained Space Junk,Orbital Debris 1st attempt to clean space junk failed
Explained Space Junk or Orbital Debris First attempt to clean space junk failed
What is space junk or what is Orbital Debris
What is space junk or debris?
Space debris encompasses both natural (meteoroid) and artificial (man-made) particles. Meteoroids are in orbit about the sun, while most artificial debris is in orbit about the Earth. Hence, the latter is more commonly referred to as orbital debris.
Every time satellites collide, they create debris that then crashes with other debris to create even more debris, and so on. If these collisions progress unchecked, the amount of debris in low Earth orbit will make space travel a difficult task.
Orbital debris, or "space junk," is anything manmade that's orbiting around the Earth and is no longer being used, according to NASA. This includes old launch vehicles, spacecraft and even flecks of paint.
Orbital debris (duh-bree) is "junk" in space. It is pieces of spacecraft. Humans have been launching objects into space for more than 50 years.
Most of the "junk" has fallen back toward Earth. About once a day, something falls back to Earth. Some of these objects have landed on Earth. Since most of Earth's surface is water, objects usually fall there. Other objects burn up in the atmosphere. But many of the objects are still in orbit around Earth.
Debris can be as small as tiny flecks of paint from a spacecraft. Large debris could be satellites that are no longer working. A lot of orbital debris comes from explosions of objects in orbit. These are often parts of rockets.
How Big Is Orbital Debris?
On one extreme, debris can be as small as tiny flecks of paint or bits of metal that have come off spacecraft. On the other, large debris could be an entire satellite that is no longer working. The most common source of orbital debris larger than 1 centimeter (0.39 inches) is the explosion of objects orbiting Earth. These are often rocket upper stages. They can contain fuel or high-pressure fluids.
Why Is Orbital Debris Important?
Most "space junk" is moving very fast. It can reach speeds of 4.3 to 5 miles per second. Five miles per second is about 18,000 miles per hour. That's almost seven times faster than a bullet. Since it is moving so quickly, a tiny piece of orbital debris can cause a lot of damage. A piece of debris the size of a marble could hit as hard as a bowling ball going 300 miles per hour.
How Much Debris Is in Orbit?
Scientists keep track of the debris in orbit. They sort it by size. They have found about 13,000 objects bigger than a softball. Scientists believe there are more than 100,000 pieces of orbital debris bigger than a penny. Tens of millions of pieces are smaller than that. Scientists track all debris larger than a softball using radar and telescopes.
To figure out how many pieces of very small debris are in orbit, scientists study the space shuttle. They look for damage from the impacts of debris. When the shuttle returns from space, scientists count how many things hit it. This helps them figure out how many tiny objects are in orbit.
NASA has other ways to learn more about orbital debris. Satellites are brought back to Earth. Scientists then count the number of objects that hit the satellite. One of these satellites was the Long Duration Exposure Facility. It was left in space for over five years. NASA used it to learn about what space does to materials.
How Do Astronauts Stay Safe from Orbital Debris?
NASA knows where larger space debris is. The International Space Station can change its path to stay away from objects that would damage it. Plus, the space station has shields to protect it. The debris hits extra panels instead of important parts. The station can survive impact with small debris.
Spacesuits help protect astronauts from orbital debris. When astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear special suits. The suits include a layer of strong, thin material. This material protects astronauts from impacts. The layer is like a bulletproof vest.
NASA and the DoD cooperate and share responsibilities for characterizing the satellite (including orbital debris) environment. DoD's Space Surveillance Network tracks discrete objects as small as 2 inches (5 centimeters) in diameter in low Earth orbit and about 1 yard (1 meter) in geosynchronous orbit. Currently, about 15,000 officially cataloged objects are still in orbit. The total number of tracked objects exceeds 21,000. Using special ground-based sensors and inspections of returned satellite surfaces, NASA statistically determines the extent of the population for objects less than 4 inches (10 centimeters) in diameter.
Collision risks are divided into three categories depending upon size of threat. For objects 4 inches (10 centimeters) and larger, conjunction assessments and collision avoidance maneuvers are effective in countering objects which can be tracked by the Space Surveillance Network. Objects smaller than this usually are too small to track and too large to shield against. Debris shields can be effective in withstanding impacts of particles smaller than half an inch (1 centimeter).
There's a lot of space junk orbiting Earth and in future it will become very big problem for space travel this is the reason now scientist are trying to find methods using which it will become easy to get rid of space junk
More than 500,000 pieces of debris, or "space junk," are tracked as they orbit the Earth. They all travel at speeds up to 17,500 mph, fast enough for a relatively small piece of orbital debris to damage a satellite or a spacecraft.
The rising population of space debris increases the potential danger to all space vehicles, but especially to the International Space Station, space shuttles and other spacecraft with humans aboard.
In 1996, a French satellite was hit and damaged by debris from a French rocket that had exploded a decade earlier.
On Feb. 10, 2009, a defunct Russian satellite collided with and destroyed a functioning U.S. Iridium commercial satellite. The collision added more than 2,000 pieces of trackable debris to the inventory of space junk.
China's 2007 anti-satellite test, which used a missile to destroy an old weather satellite, added more than 3,000 pieces to the debris problem.
The largest space debris risk in orbit is the derelict ENVISAT satellite. Contact was lost unexpectedly in April 2012. The 85 foot [ 26 meters] derelict is in an orbit where other space objects approach within 600 feet [ 200 meters] of the satellite every year. An impact could generate a devastating chain reaction of debris collisions. ENVISAT is expected to stay in orbit for about 150 years until it eventually falls back into Earth's atmosphere and burns up.
Has anyone ever been hit by space junk?
The first space junk known to crash to earth happened in 1979. It landed in Western Australia. Nobody was hit.
As per media reports Lottie Williams of Tulsa, Oklahoma, is the only person to have ever actually been hit by space junk. In 1997, she was hit on the shoulder by a piece of what was thought to be the Delta II rocket. The debris was later confirmed to have been part of a fuel tank from a Delta 2 rocket
All the time space debris keeps reentering our atmosphere.
High-speed debris from satellite explosions could cause a catastrophic chain reaction, as seen in the movie "Gravity."
Space Junk Clean Up options?
NASA and other agencies are working on to find the ways to remove space junk, to get rid of space junk.
The first attempt to remove space junk failed
The Japanese cable test was the first in-space evaluation of debris-removing technology.
On 28 January, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) started an inaugural in-space evaluation of their junk-removing cable technology.
A 700-metre-long metal cable was fitted to an unmanned spacecraft called Kounotori 6, which was on its way back to Earth after delivering supplies to the International Space Station.
The cable was meant to unfurl from the spacecraft, at which point an electric current would pass along its length. The idea was that the current would interact with the Earth's magnetic field, creating a drag that pulled the spacecraft out of orbit. The spacecraft would then tumble into our atmosphere and become incinerated.
Proponents of such junk-removing cables say that special space vehicles could attach cables to existing pieces of space junk. In addition, each new satellite launched could go up with a cable that could be activated at the end of its working life.
However, Kounotori 6 was unable to release the cable to test its junk-removing potential, and JAXA could not fix the glitch before the spacecraft returned to Earth's atmosphere
"We could not extend the cable, but we think it is not because of the cable itself, but some other reasons," a spokesperson for JAXA told New Scientist. "A detailed analysis is underway."
We believe the tether did not get released", leading researcher Koichi Inoue told reporters.
Other Projects –
Phoenix – A robotic servicer spacecraft would chase down derelict satellites and harvest still usable hardware such as dish antenna. The servicer attaches a module that allows that salvaged part to be used for a new mission.
Phoenix is a project of the United States Defense Advanced Research Project Agency.
CLEANSPACE ONE –
A robotic janitor spacecraft is launched into orbit from an airplane. The Janitor chases down a target satellite, grapples it and then plunges back into the earth's atmosphere, destroying itself along with the derelict satellite.
Cleanspace one is a project of the Swiss Ecole Polytechnique Fedrale de Lausanne [ EPFL]
Earth based lasers –
A ground based laser could de-orbit space debris by robbing it of a bit of the momentum it needs to continue orbiting the earth. Light exerts pressure, so to de-orbit an object such as the discarded ASTRO-F satellite lens cap-31 inches [ 80 centimeters] wide and 11 pounds [ 5 kilograms] in mass – a laser beam of about 5 to 10 kilowatts would be shined upon it for about two hours.
Currently, there are several efforts to mitigate the problem:
1-Pieces of space debris are tracked by radar, so that spacecraft can be steered around them.
2-Spacecraft can be built to survive impacts from space debris. This will also protect them from meteoroid impacts.
3-Several of the spacefaring nations have agreed to measures to reduce the number of derelict satellites that could hit working satellites by steering aging satellites into otherwise useless orbits or into paths that will cause them to harmlessly burn up in the atmosphere of the Earth.
Watch Video Space Debris in Motion NASA -
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Dunmurry Springs opened in 2005. Holes stretch over a hillside and down to the clubhouse, where more level terrain is drenched by water features. It is a lovely mix and the recent re-routing has kept climbs to a minimum. It is also maturing well with trees structuring holes and stunning green complexes providing vibrant targets.
Views fall over seven counties from the top of the course and from here there are some glorious tee shots over the mountain backdrops. It is not a long course (par 71, 6,068 yards, white tees) but that doesn't mean it won't fool you… you need to think strategically to score well.


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Bincho-tan Costume
Binchoutan Binchō-tan Kimono Cosplay Costumes Deluxe Edition
Bincho-tan Cosplay Costume Australia across Bincho-tan
Binchō-tan or white charcoal or binchō-zumi (備長炭) is a traditional charcoal of Japan. It dates to the Edo period, when during the Genroku era, a craftsman named Bitchū-ya Chōzaemon (備中屋 長左衛門) began to produce it in Tanabe, Wakayama. The raw material is oak, specifically ubame oak (Quercus phillyraeoides), now the official tree of Wakayama Prefecture. Wakayama continues to be a major producer of high-quality charcoal, with the town of Minabe, Wakayama producing more binchō-tan than any other town in Japan. Binchōtan is a type of Lump charcoal or Hardwood charcoal.
The fineness and high quality of binchō-tan are attributed to steaming at high temperatures (about 1000 degrees Celsius). Although it is often thought that binchō-tan burns hot, it actually burns at a lower temperature than ordinary charcoal but for a longer period.[citation needed] Because it does not release smoke or other unpleasant odours, it is a favorite of unagi (freshwater eel) and yakitori (skewered chicken) cooks. Due to difficulties in identifying the producing region, the name binchō-tan has come into broader use to designate white charcoal generally, and even products from outside Japan, as well as those made of other species, have come to use the name.
To differentiate the aforementioned "non-pure" products, there is a movement to call binchō-tan produced in Wakayama kishū binchō-tan.Binchō-tan has found uses other than as a fuel. Because it has numerous small pores, it can absorb chemical substances.[citation needed] Bits can be added to rice during cooking to remove chalky flavor, placed in shoe-cabinets to absorb odors, and put in rooms to freshen the air. There are many more supposed benefits and health values of white charcoal.[citation needed] Currently there are a number of binchō-tan-based consumer products on the market such as socks, shirts, shampoo, cosmetic products, and many more. Acclaimed London yakitori restaurant Bincho takes its name from binchō-tan.
Binchō-tan or white charcoal is harder than black charcoal, and rings with a metallic sound when struck. Wind chimes and a musical instrument, the tankin ("charcoal-xylophone") have been made from it.


saving . . . saved Cannot Open OSCAD Workspace in Windows 7 and Cannot Find KiCad in Installation Folders has been deleted. Cannot Open OSCAD Workspace in Windows 7 and Cannot Find KiCad in Installation Folders has been hidden .
I installed the OSCAD installer for Windows 7 from the website, and after installing it, ran the software.
Apparently, I found a way to 'fix' this. I opened cmd, and typed out all of the above manually. the last command I changed to "oscad.py" instead of "python oscad.py", and the little window with the OSCAD logo opened. But when I created a new project, only the Toolkit appeared, and no workspace was on the screen.
After installation, change the environment variable path of KiCad to C:\KiCad\bin.
Follow similar procedure for Ngspice and Python also. Then launch the Osacd.
Did you check if there is an entry for python in the system environment variable PATH? Also open cmd prompt and type python. What does it say?