text:
Photo illustration by John Lyman
Martin Banks
Why is Montenegro Fighting the Serbian Orthodox Church?
Largely unnoticed in the wake of the global coronavirus outbreak and the Turkey-Greece refugee crisis, another drama is unfolding in the EU backyard.
Since the beginning of the year, tens of thousands of Montenegrins have been rallying across the tiny Adriatic country to protest against a new "religion law" signed by the country's long time ruler Milo Djukanovic on December 29.
The massive protests – of a scale barely seen in the past – have shaken all major Montenegro's cities, including the capital Podgorica, along with Bar, Budva, Niksic, Cetinje and many others, and several times have become violent with police firing tear gas.
The new controversial religion law gives the government authority over properties that religious organizations in the country have been using for at least a century and, in particular, take control of hundreds of properties used by the Serbian Orthodox Church. More than 70% of Montenegrins declare themselves Orthodox and over two-thirds of them follow the Serbian Orthodox Church.
So, what could be Djukanovic's motives to apparently pit himself against over half of the country's population?
The answer becomes clearer if you look at his profile.
He is the longest-serving leader in Europe, in power longer than Vladimir Putin in Russia, Alexander Lukashenko in Belarus and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in Turkey.
He has managed to stay in power so long by constantly "reinventing" himself and changing with the times. In the 1990s, he was a protégé of Yugoslavia's leader Slobodan Milošević. In the early 2000s, he led the separation from Serbia and, after gaining independence for Montenegro in 2006, the country became a close ally of Russia and got billions of dollars of Russian investments as well as millions of Russian tourists who contributed to more than half of the state budget revenues. But relations with Russia cooled down since Podgorica joined Western sanctions against Moscow in 2014 and then joined NATO in 2017. Now its leader is trying to be portrayed as a pro-Western democrat who leads the country to join the EU.
Djukanovic has reportedly used various means to stay in power. These tactics have, it is claimed, run the gamut from allegations of voter fraud, blackmail, demobilizing potential opposition voters, threatening police violence, and, it is claimed, outright vote-buying. At least three times on the eve of elections there were so-called "attacks on the state" or "coup attempts" that, some have claimed, were staged by Djukanovic to keep power. Anti-corruption watchdogs believe up to 15 percent of the votes in the October 2016 elections, when his party failed to get the majority in the Parliament, may have been fraudulent.
Italy's anti-mafia unit is also said to have implicated the leader in an alleged cigarette-smuggling ring with evidence presented in courts in Italy and Switzerland including transcripts from wiretapped conversations. Djukanovic was not charged.
Djukanovic, it has to be stressed, has robustly refuted any wrongdoing.
Even so, attacks on independent media and critical voices have become common in the country. In 2004, the editor of the opposition newspaper Dan was assassinated. In August 2013, investigative journalist Tufik Softic was the target of a bombing attack. In December 2013, an explosive device was detonated outside the offices of Vijesti, an independent daily in Podgorica. In October 2015, Jovo Martinovic, a journalist covering Montenegro's organized crime scene, was jailed for fifteen months on trumped-up drug-smuggling charges. In May 2018, Olivera Lakić, a journalist reporting on corruption, was shot outside her apartment in Podgorica.
Again, Djukanovic denies doing anything wrong but, according to a Global Initiative Report, Montenegrin ports Bar, Budva, and Kotor in recent years have become a hub for cocaine trafficking from Latin America to Europe with a bloody vendetta between Montenegrin drug-smuggling gangs spilling over the country's border to European capitals.
Campaigners say it is clear that if Djukanovic loses power he will have to "face justice" in Montenegro and beyond – "and he will do everything to avoid it." He certainly doesn't want to follow the fate of the former leader of neighboring Croatia, Ivo Sanader, who was sentenced for six years in prison for corruption.
The only institution left in Montenegro thought capable of posing a serious threat to his rule is probably the Serbian Orthodox Church with public opinion polls showing that in Montenegro it enjoys by far more trust than the country's president, government, parliament or judiciary.
Djukanovic's plan was believed to be to turn over church properties with no economic value to an uncanonical organization under his control and politically weaken the Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro. It appears not to have worked and he did not expect such massive protests.
One critic said, "Now he will resort to desperate measures to stay in power. This will, in turn, provoke an ever-greater confrontation in Montenegro."


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On the morning of the last day of the year we woke up in a hotel, somewhere north of Ax-les-Thermes, attacked a rather sad little breakfast and headed outside. In the evening we should arrive to Barcelona, but since it was a drive of only a couple of hours, we were in no hurry.
There was a nice small walk in a valley between high peaks, a couple of small lakes and a tiny mountain village. I was feeling just about as sporty as a wet mitten, so I was more than happy to have a mild walk, with next to no climbing to do.
The beauty in the details.
The valley dived in between the peaks and ridges of Carlit and Font-Frède, offering a very nice view. The trail brought us quickly a bit higher, offering a nice view over the frozen lakes. The climbing ended at a waterfall, alongside which we started our descent towards the lakes. The snow in the valley bottom was formed with uncommonly large crystals. They give a beautiful shimmer and chink when you walk through them.
Before heading down south to Barcelona, we stopped for lunch in a very characteristic old village. The houses made of nature stone, and faint smell of smoke from the heating of houses, is somehow very warming and welcoming combination.
Lunch down and the navigator set to avoid toll roads, we headed up to a mountain pass, that takes you through the Pyrenees from France to Spain. That road, N-260, climbs up almost to 1800 meters, and the view is amazing at times! The serpentine corners are sometimes also slightly scary to drive through.
We reached the outskirts of Barcelona at 6 in the evening. Our humble hostel was in Badalona, a short metro ride away from Barca. Before heading out for the fireworks we cooked the most romantic new years dinner I have ever had. Not really. Pasta in a bottle sauce, heated on campingaz, sided by a bottle of Mumm was rather peculiar dinner for the moment. Not that Waffle or I ever cared too much about etiquette.
The more unconventional dinner. Never forget the champagne!
We headed for the metro. Equipped with our camera and a tripod for it. We stopped to take a picture from a land mark, so that we would find back to the hostel a little bit easier. A pair of police officers saw that, stopped and started questioning us on what we were taking pictures of and why, where were we heading and all that. The encounter resulted us taking the camera and the tripod back to our room and going out to Barcelona with no decent equipment for photos. Oh poop.
The fireworks ended up being quite a disappointment too. We were packed in a huge crowd to the central square, looking at the show from the city palace. The fireworks started at midnight, as is proper, and ended 7 minutes later. Many stayed at their places, waiting for something more, but nothing came. Odd and disappointing, when you had expected something spectacular. Even the party across the city seemed to have troubles getting started.
That guy stayed out late?
Well, never the less. We still had the next day to explore the city. We had had next to no time at all to check what to see in Barcelona, so we wandered around rather blindly. First we ended up in the harbor, from which we headed for the gardens of the Palau Nacional, the fountains of which are rather impressive.
We carried on to the Sagrada Familia church, having lunch in between and enjoying the warmish winter day. The monuments are impressive in Barcelona. It was a pity though, that everything was closed, thanks to the New Years day. So no visits to museums or anything like that. We noticed also, that city like Barcelona is impossible to visit properly without planning, especially if you only have a few hours to explore the streets.
Our holiday was closing to its end. We picked up our car again and headed back to France. Our next stop was in the Auvergne region, somewhere in the middle of France. We left around 4, to make sure we had time to spare. Or so we thought.
The French police had set up a border control thanks to the terrorist threat situation still going on in Europe. They had cut off the whole traffic on the border at the Mediterranean. We managed to avoid it almost all the way, by using a smaller department road, until out navigator betrayed us. The last 6 kilometers from Spain to France took us 4 long hours, in a stand still traffic. To our motel, close by Clermont-Ferrand, we arrived in the early morning hours, tired as hell.
In the process we had climbed to the Central Massif of France, where we were planning on walking our last hike for the holiday. The area is known for its old volcanoes and we wanted to climb on top of one of them. See the craters and all that. We just needed to find a map.
France, when it comes to hiking and maps, is a paradise. You do not need a specialized shop selling them. You go find a village, and a little bit larger Bar Tabac. They often sell perfectly good hiking maps. We did exactly that, went to a tiny village, asked from people, whether they know where the closest map selling instance might be. And got our map in less than half an hour. On a holiday. The people in those villages are just golden! Friendly and helpful to the extreme. And the villages themselves! So pretty! And the bakeries are almost impossible to pass by, the smell just forces your nose to go in. You just got to love France.
These small villages. I like them so much better than large cities!
A demon, fighting off other demons.
We picked our volcano from the map, and headed towards Puy de Domê. The weather was not on our side; We got slapped to the face by bucket full of water. Puy de Domê was in the clouds, so we decided to head for its little sister; Puy Pariou.
It was only a short hike up. The plateau of Massif Central is already at 1000 meters, so climbing a peak to 1200 is easy a task. We strolled through a beautiful forest, with dark greens and reddish browns surrounding the trail. At the peak we got a nice overview of the landscape over the volcanoes. They are sitting really side by side, looking prehistoric. It was not hard to imagine how they looked like back in the active days. The moist was rising from their slopes, so that the whole area looked to be steaming.
All these peaks are volcanoes!
After dipping down to the bottom of the crater, we started to make our way back to the other side of the mountain. At that moment we got hit by a snow storm. The wind picked up, trying to push us off from the craters edge, coating us with snow. The wind speed must have been close to 80 kilometers per hour!
Back down at the car we were absolutely soaked and chilled, but happy about the experience. Those volcanoes, dead as they are, still have quite a character.
That day we needed to drive all the way home, 800 kilometers or so. Before hitting the highway, we searched a store selling some local cheeses and surprisingly, also wine! Packed with goodies we took off, first towards Paris and then to the east, to home, slicing through the darkness of winter.
We were slowly getting cramped onto the road with all the other people, returning home from the holidays. Soon we were closing up to the Paris ring way. Closest I have ever been to Paris, I got even a nice view on the Eiffel tower! On the ring way, I think, the essence of being a French, is strong. There can be chaos, a lot of it. But it is mostly very controlled chaos. There, the traffic is directed in a very complicated way, with highways merging and separating, crossing and zigzagging. But it all works. As long as you know where you are going. Wonderful. I am happy Waffle did the driving though.
Early on Sunday morning, after 3500 kilometers, we finally reached Rupelmonde. Ready to dive into bed and say good bye to our road trip. Taking in the challenges of the new year. As far as travel plans go, we do not have them yet, but I'm sure we are able to come up with something, pretty soon.
Enjoy 2016, make the best out of it, my dear people. See you soon!
And oh, oh! The pictures, they are here!


text:
Q: Python Sorting by date internally based on 1st attribute I have a data set with 8 attributes (which is sorted according to the first attribute) and is of the following format (Just an example, it is tab separated)
AX  0123  December 20, 2010  1  2  8.0  hello this
AX  2313  April 19, 2009  2  3  4.0  hi there
AX  4532  December 19, 2010  6  2  8.0  nice tie
AX  1244  January 10, 2011  3  4  8.0  king tale
BX  0214  September 10, 2009  2  3  9.0 this king
BX  0114  February 9, 2003  4  9  4.0  his brought
BX  3214  September 1, 2006  1  3  3.0 is great
MG  980   April 20, 2007  2  4  7.1  not available
MG  246   May 8, 2005  5  1  2.1  make goat

Now, that the file is sorted according first attribute, now i need to sort internally according to date based on first attribute, the output should be like this  (I don't want to use the database, this is a huge file (2 GB) so I think a special python code might be required (Not sure if one can do this with a simple code)
AX  2313  April 19, 2009  2  3  4.0  hi there
AX  4532  December 19, 2010  6  2  8.0  nice tie
AX  0123  December 20, 2010  1  2  8.0  hello this
AX  1244  January 10, 2011  3  4  8.0  king tale
BX  0114  February 9, 2003  4  9  4.0  his brought
BX  3214  September 1, 2006  1  3  3.0 is great
BX  0214  September 10, 2009  2  3  9.0 this king
MG  246   May 8, 2005  5  1  2.1  make goat
MG  980   April 20, 2007  2  4  7.1  not available

Any replies are greatly appreciated. Let me know if you have any other questions.

A: OK, quick and dirty. You can improve it:
from datetime import datetime as dt
from collections import defaultdict

dd = defaultdict(list)

with open('test.txt') as f:
    for line in f:
        lines = line.split('\t')
        dd[lines[0]].append(lines)

def mydate(line):
    return dt.strptime(line[2], "%B %d, %Y")

keys = sorted(dd.keys())

my_list = []
for key in keys:
    dd[key].sort(key=mydate)
    my_list.extend(dd[key])

for item in my_list:
    print item

this produces:
['AX', '2313', 'April 19, 2009', '2', '3', '4.0', 'hi there\n']
['AX', '4532', 'December 19, 2010', '6', '2', '8.0', 'nice tie\n']
['AX', '0123', 'December 20, 2010', '1', '2', '8.0', 'hello this\n']
['AX', '1244', 'January 10, 2011', '3', '4', '8.0', 'king tale\n']
['BX', '0114', 'February 9, 2003', '4', '9', '4.0', 'his brought\n']
['BX', '3214', 'September 1, 2006', '1', '3', '3.0 is great\n']
['BX', '0214', 'September 10, 2009', '2', '3', '9.0 this king\n']
['MG', '246', 'May 8, 2005', '5', '1', '2.1', 'make goat']
['MG', '980', 'April 20, 2007', '2', '4', '7.1', 'not available\n']

then you only need to string.join() all the lists
text_lines = []
for item in my_list:
    text_lines.append('\t'.join(item))

full_text = ''.join(text_lines)

A: pandas is a python library designed for analysing data sets with different datatypes.
If your data is in data.txt, you can read it with pandas.read_csv() and than sort the resulting DataFrame.
>>> import datetime
>>> import pandas as pd

>>> def date_converter(date_string):
...     return datetime.datetime.strptime(datestring, '%B %d, %Y').date()
>>> df = pd.read_csv('data.txt', sep='\t', header=None,
...                  converters={2:date_converter})
>>> print df
  X.1   X.2         X.3  X.4  X.5  X.6            X.7
0  AX   123  2010-12-20    1    2  8.0     hello this
1  AX  2313  2009-04-19    2    3  4.0       hi there
2  AX  4532  2010-12-19    6    2  8.0       nice tie
3  AX  1244  2011-01-10    3    4  8.0      king tale
4  BX   214  2009-09-10    2    3  9.0      this king
5  BX   114  2003-02-09    4    9  4.0    his brought
6  BX  3214  2006-09-01    1    3  3.0       is great
7  MG   980  2007-04-20    2    4  7.1  not available
8  MG   246  2005-05-08    5    1  2.1      make goat

>>> df = df.set_index(['X.1', 'X.3'])  # using a hierarchical index
>>> df = df.sort_index()
>>> print df
                 X.2  X.4  X.5  X.6            X.7
X.1 X.3
AX  2009-04-19  2313    2    3  4.0       hi there
    2010-12-19  4532    6    2  8.0       nice tie
    2010-12-20   123    1    2  8.0     hello this
    2011-01-10  1244    3    4  8.0      king tale
BX  2003-02-09   114    4    9  4.0    his brought
    2006-09-01  3214    1    3  3.0       is great
    2009-09-10   214    2    3  9.0      this king
MG  2005-05-08   246    5    1  2.1      make goat
    2007-04-20   980    2    4  7.1  not available

As it is numpy based, it should be the right choice for large data sets.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
A multibeam echosounder (MBES) is a type of sonar that is used to map the seabed. It emits acoustic waves in a fan shape beneath its transceiver. The time it takes for the sound waves to reflect off the seabed and return to the receiver is used to calculate the water depth. Unlike other sonars and echo sounders, MBES uses beamforming to extract directional information from the returning soundwaves, producing a swath of depth soundings from a single ping.

History and progression

Multibeam sonar sounding systems, also known as swathe (British English) or swath (American English), originated for military applications. The concept originated in a radar system that was intended for the Lockheed U-2 high altitude reconnaissance aircraft, but the project was derailed when the aircraft flown by Gary Powers was brought down by a Soviet missile in May 1960. A proposal for using the "Mills Cross" beamforming technique adapted for use with bottom mapping sonar was made to the US Navy. Data from each ping of the sonar would be automatically processed, making corrections for ship motion and transducer depth sound velocity and refraction effects, but at the time there was insufficient digital data storage capacity, so the data would be converted into a depth contour strip map and stored on continuous film. The Sonar Array Sounding System (SASS) was developed in the early 1960s by the US Navy, in conjunction with General Instrument to map large swaths of the ocean floor to assist the underwater navigation of its submarine force. SASS was tested aboard the USS Compass Island (AG-153). The final array system, composed of sixty-one one degree beams with a swath width of approximately 1.15 times water depth, was then installed on the USNS Bowditch (T-AGS-21), USNS Dutton (T-AGS-22) and USNS Michelson (T-AGS-23).

At the same time, a Narrow Beam Echo Sounder (NBES) using 16 narrow beams was also developed by Harris ASW and installed on the Survey Ships Surveyor, Discoverer and Researcher. This technology would eventually become Sea Beam Only the vertical centre beam data was recorded during surveying operations.

Starting in the 1970s, companies such as General Instrument (now SeaBeam Instruments, part of L3 Klein) in the United States, Krupp Atlas (now Atlas Hydrographic) and Elac Nautik (now part of the Wärtsilä Corporation) in Germany, Simrad (now Kongsberg Maritime) in Norway and RESON now Teledyne RESON A/S in Denmark developed systems that could be mounted to the hull of large ships, as well as on small boats (as technology improved, multibeam echosounders became more compact and lighter, and operating frequencies increased).

The first commercial multibeam is now known as the SeaBeam Classic and was put in service in May 1977 on the Australian survey vessel HMAS Cook. This system produced up to 16 beams across a 45-degree arc. The (retronym) term "SeaBeam Classic" was coined after the manufacturer developed newer systems such as the SeaBeam 2000 and the SeaBeam 2112 in the late 1980s.

The second SeaBeam Classic installation was on the French Research Vessel Jean Charcot. The SB Classic arrays on the Charcot were damaged in a grounding and the SeaBeam was replaced with an EM120 in 1991. Although it seems that the original SeaBeam Classic installation was not used much, the others were widely used, and subsequent installations were made on many vessels.

SeaBeam Classic systems were subsequently installed on the US academic research vessels  (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California), the  (Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University) and the  (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution).

As technology improved in the 1980s and 1990s, higher-frequency systems which provided higher resolution mapping in shallow water were developed, and today such systems are widely used for shallow-water hydrographic surveying in support of navigational charting. Multibeam echosounders are also commonly used for geological and oceanographic research, and since the 1990s for offshore oil and gas exploration and seafloor cable routing.  More recently, multibeam echsounders are also used in the renewable energy sector such as offshore windfarms.

In 1989, Atlas Electronics (Bremen, Germany) installed a second-generation deep-sea multibeam called Hydrosweep DS on the German research vessel Meteor. The Hydrosweep DS (HS-DS) produced up to 59 beams across a 90-degree swath, which was a vast improvement and was inherently ice-strengthened. Early HS-DS systems were installed on the  (Germany), the  (Germany), the  (US) and the  (India) in 1989 and 1990 and subsequently on a number of other vessels including the  (US) and  (Japan).

As multibeam acoustic frequencies have increased and the cost of components has decreased, the worldwide number of multibeam swath systems in operation has increased significantly. The required physical size of an acoustic transducer used to develop multiple high-resolution beams, decreases as the multibeam acoustic frequency increases. Consequently, increases in the operating frequencies of multibeam sonars have resulted in significant decreases in their weight, size and volume characteristics. The older and larger, lower-frequency multibeam sonar systems, that required considerable time and effort mounting them onto a ship's hull, used conventional tonpilz-type transducer elements, which provided a usable bandwidth of approximately 1/3 octave. The newer and smaller, higher-frequency multibeam sonar systems can easily be attached to a survey launch or to a tender vessel. Shallow water multibeam echosounders, like those from Teledyne Odom, R2Sonic and Norbit, which can incorporate sensors for measuring transducer motion and sound speed local to the transducer, are allowing many smaller hydrographic survey companies to move from traditional single beam echosounders to multibeam echosounders. Small low-power multibeam swath systems are also now suitable for mounting on an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) and on an Autonomous Surface Vessel (ASV).

Multibeam echosounder data may include bathymetry, acoustic backscatter, and water column data.  (Gas plumes now commonly identified in midwater multibeam data are termed flares.)

Type 1-3 piezo-composite transducer elements,  are being employed in a multispectral multibeam echosounder to provide a usable bandwidth that is in excess of 3 octaves. Consequently, multispectral multibeam echosounder surveys are possible with a single sonar system, which during every ping cycle, collects multispectral swathe bathymetry data, multispectral backscatter data, and multispectral water column data.

Theory of operation

A multibeam echosounder is a device typically used by hydrographic surveyors to determine the depth of water and the nature of the seabed. Most modern systems work by transmitting a broad acoustic fan shaped pulse from a specially designed transducer across the full swath acrosstrack with a narrow alongtrack then forming multiple receive beams (beamforming) that are much narrower in the acrosstrack (around 1 degree depending on the system). From this narrow beam, a two way travel time of the acoustic pulse is then established utilizing a bottom detection algorithm. If the speed of sound in water is known for the full water column profile, the depth and position of the return signal can be determined from the receive angle and the two-way travel time.

In order to determine the transmit and receive angle of each beam, a multibeam echosounder requires accurate measurement of the motion of the sonar relative to a cartesian coordinate system. The measured values are typically heave, pitch, roll, yaw, and heading.

To compensate for signal loss due to spreading and absorption a time-varied gain circuit is designed into the receiver.

For deep water systems, a steerable transmit beam is required to compensate for pitch. This can also be accomplished with beamforming.

References

Further reading
 Louay M.A. Jalloul and Sam. P. Alex, "Evaluation Methodology and Performance of an IEEE 802.16e System", Presented to the IEEE Communications and Signal Processing Society, Orange County Joint Chapter (ComSig), December 7, 2006. Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20110414143801/http://chapters.comsoc.org/comsig/meet.html
 B. D. V. Veen and K. M. Buckley. Beamforming: A versatile approach to spatial filtering. IEEE ASSP Magazine, pages 4–24, Apr. 1988.
 H. L. Van Trees, Optimum Array Processing, Wiley, NY, 2002.
 "A Primer on Digital Beamforming" by Toby Haynes, March 26, 1998
 "What Is Beamforming?" by Greg Allen.
 "Two Decades of Array Signal Processing Research" by Hamid Krim and Mats Viberg in IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, July 1996

External links
 A Note on Fifty Years of Multi-beam
 Sounding Pole to Sea Beam (NOAA History)
 MB-System open source software for processing multibeam data
 News and application articles of multibeam equipment on Hydro International
 Memorial website for USNS Bowditch, USNS Dutton and USNS Michelson {First application of Multibeam}

Oceanography
Sonar

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Seats were filled by residents of Marlo Lane and Geneva Drive at the Wayland City Council meeting Tuesday, Jan. 22.
The City of Allegan has prioritized establishing funding to replace the decking on the historic one-lane Second Street bridge, which comes with a price tag of $813,039.
Not only was Martin Luther King Jr. Day on Monday, Jan. 21, a holiday: it was a "snow day" for students in more than 100 schools throughout west Michigan as temperatures dipped well below zero.
Martin Public Schools may end up going further than its recent solar array to reduce its power bills.


Previously available as Hydergine tablets and Hydergine liquid, our new packages contain Hy-Pro capsules. Each bottle contains 30 capsules. The original Hydergine product was discontinued by Novartis in 2014.
Hydergine benefits range from improving blood supply and oxygen to the brain, to inhibiting free radicals and protecting the brain from free-radicals damage. By stimulating the growth of dendrite nerve fibers, Hydergine increases intelligence, and improves memory, learning and recall. Hydergine is also associated with normalizing systolic blood pressure and even lowering abnormally high cholesterol in some cases.
It's best to start with one capsule daily and increase it to two. Hydergine dosage can vary between 2.25mg and 9mg, depending on your needs. Consult your doctor or physician if unsure what dosage you need.


text:
#ifndef GrGLCustomStage_DEFINED
#define GrGLCustomStage_DEFINED

#include "GrAllocator.h"
#include "GrGLShaderBuilder.h"
#include "GrGLShaderVar.h"
#include "GrGLSL.h"
#include "GrStringBuilder.h"

class GrCustomStage;
struct GrGLInterface;
class GrGLTexture;

/** @file
    This file contains specializations for OpenGL of the shader stages
    declared in src/gpu/GrCustomStage.h. All the functions emit
    GLSL shader code and OpenGL calls.

    These objects are created by a factory function on the
    GrCustomStage.
    TODO: lifetime management.
*/

class GrGLProgramStage {

public:
    // TODO: redundant with GrGLProgram.cpp
    enum {
        kUnusedUniform = -1,
        kUseUniform = 2000
    };

    typedef GrTAllocator<GrGLShaderVar> VarArray;

    virtual ~GrGLProgramStage();

    virtual const char* name() const = 0;

    /** Creates any uniform variables the vertex shader requires
        and appends them to vsUnis;
        must guarantee they are unique (typically done by
        appending the stage number). */
    virtual void setupVSUnis(VarArray* vsUnis, int stage);

    /** Creates any uniform variables the fragment shader requires
        and appends them to fsUnis;
        must guarantee they are unique (typically done by
        appending the stage number). */
    virtual void setupFSUnis(VarArray* fsUnis, int stage);

    /** Given an empty GrStringBuilder and the names of variables;
        must write shader code into that GrStringBuilder.
        Vertex shader input is a vec2 of coordinates, which may
        be altered.
        The code will be inside an otherwise-empty block. */
    virtual void emitVS(GrStringBuilder* code,
                        const char* vertexCoords) = 0;

    /** Given an empty GrStringBuilder and the names of variables;
        must write shader code into that GrStringBuilder.
        The code will be inside an otherwise-empty block.
        Fragment shader inputs are a vec2 of coordinates, one texture,
        and a color; output is a color. */
    /* TODO: don't give them the samplerName, just a handle; then give
       a function here for them to call into that'll apply any texture
       domain - but do we force them to be honest about texture domain
       parameters? */
    virtual void emitFS(GrStringBuilder* code,
                        const char* outputColor,
                        const char* inputColor,
                        const char* samplerName,
                        const char* sampleCoords) = 0;

    /** Binds uniforms; we must have already bound the program and
        determined its GL program ID. */
    virtual void initUniforms(const GrGLInterface*, int programID);

    /** A GrGLCustomStage instance can be reused with any GrCustomStage
        that produces the same stage key; this function reads data from
        a stage and uploads any uniform variables required by the shaders
        created in emit*().
        flush() to change the GrCustomStage from which the uniforms
        are to be read.
        TODO: since we don't have a factory, we can't assert to enforce
        this. Shouldn't we? */
    virtual void setData(const GrGLInterface*, GrCustomStage*,
                         const GrGLTexture*);

    // TODO: needs a better name
    enum SamplerMode {
        kDefault_SamplerMode,
        kProj_SamplerMode,
        kExplicitDivide_SamplerMode  // must do an explicit divide
    };

    void setSamplerMode(SamplerMode samplerMode) { fSamplerMode = samplerMode; }

    /** Returns the *effective* coord name after any perspective divide
        or other transform. */
    GrStringBuilder emitTextureSetup(GrStringBuilder* code,
                                     const char* coordName,
                                     int stageNum,
                                     GrGLShaderBuilder* segments);

protected:

    /** Convenience function for subclasses to write texture2D() or
        texture2DProj(), depending on fSamplerMode. */
    void emitTextureLookup(GrStringBuilder* code,
                           const char* samplerName,
                           const char* coordName);

    SamplerMode fSamplerMode;
    GrStringBuilder fCoordName;

};

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Several issues of concern were presented to Marion City Council on Tuesday.
Norma Kline asked the council to pay a $112 bill to Flaming's after an air conditioner in Marion Senior Center kitchen went out at the beginning of the month. It was found to be non functioning because of city power lines, she said.
"A city crew was called and after they left the air conditioner worked for a while then stopped," Kline said.
Thinking the air conditioner may have gone out, Flaming's was called again.
"The city replaced a transformer across the street, after the unit worked well and continues to work well," Kline said.
Christian Pedersen told Kline he felt the bill should be presented to insurance, but insurance refused to pay, Kline said.
Mayor Todd Heitschmidt asked administrator Roger Holter to look into the matter and to recommend a decision at the next meeting.
Other residents concerns were voiced by councilmember Jerry Kline during a discussion of a proposed roundabout at First and Main Sts.
"I've been taking a lot of heat," he said.
Concerns raised by Kline included harvest truck traffic, which Kline believes will pick up due to the grain shuttle built near Canton.
"How will they navigate the roundabout?" he said.
The roundabout is a part of a proposed grant to eliminate the bump near Main and Billings St. caused by a former railroad track.
The project is estimated to cost $620,000 with the city matching at most $120,000.
The match portion could be 0 because of the city's size in the last census and for projects like this the state will pay up to $700,000, Holter said.
Heitschmidt said the land needed for the roundabout would be equivalent to four parking spaces, and that property owners in the adjoining area support the project.
A site visit for the proposed project, which if approved would begin in 2017, is scheduled for 10 a.m. June 12 at the intersection.
A public hearing was scheduled for 4:30 p.m. June 9 to discuss the condition of a structure at 810 Hudson St. owned by Timothy Hett. The structure caught fire earlier this year, but after it was found to have asbestos siding, Hett isn't sure how to remove the structure.
A payment of $10,215 was approved to EBH Engineering for work on the street project.
A license was approved for Wholesale Fireworks Enterprises of Andover. They will have a tent in the parking lot of the youth center.
Vernon Bowers, Bruce Winkler, and Pauline Holub were appointed to the library board. Their term is through April 2018.
A motion was approved to provide Chingawassa Days buttons to city employees for the next four years at a cost of $598 for the four years.
A retreat was scheduled for June 20 and 21 to discuss the budget and budget direction. The exact time and place has yet to be determined. A budget workshop was scheduled for noon June 5 at the city building.
A dividend check from EMC Insurance in the amount of $10,387 was presented to the council by Alex Case.


text:
package main

import (
	"log"

	"github.com/codegangsta/cli"

	"github.com/st3v/go-eureka"
)

var heartbeatCmd = cli.Command{
	Name:  "heartbeat",
	Usage: "send heartbeat to a registered instance",

	Flags: []cli.Flag{
		instanceFlag,
		endpointsFlag,
	},

	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
		instance := getInstance(c, "heartbeat")
		endpoints := getEndpoints(c, "heartbeat")

		log.Printf("Sending heartbeat for instance '%s' of application '%s'... \n", instance.ID, instance.AppName)
		client := eureka.NewClient(endpoints)
		if err := client.Heartbeat(instance); err != nil {
			log.Printf("Error sending heartbeat: %s\n", err)
			return err
		}

		log.Println("Success")
		return nil
	},
}


Until I reached the Temple of the Ancients.
I was disappointed that Aerith/Aeris had to die.
That moment affected me and I read that others got affected too.
The moment where I fight Jenova LIFE and fighting for Aeris.
The timing is perfect where Aeris' Theme is played during the fight, it's a great affection.
I treated Aeris like one of the most Important Protagonists in the game..
I feel very sad and disappointed during the playthrough.
it's because there are missing parts after Finishing the game.
If there would be FF7-2 released... I will go directly and play it.
Cloud Promised Aeris to take her to an Airship!
I know it would take time, I will be patient.
It will cost a lot... you know if the story is good and appealing, hardwork is worth it.
She pretty much said "good bye" in Advent Children.
Aeris' death remains one of the pivotal moments in video gaming history. It is a part of what makes VII the undisputed champion of Final Fantasy games, and Aeris will forever be remembered in the hearts of us who love the series.
But, they can't bring her back. It'd be like DC bringing back Bruce Wayne's parents.
Advent Children brought Aeris' story to an acceptable close. And, in our hearts, she will never die.
As for VII-2, well, remastering VII would, in many ways, be like starting over on a brand new game. Granted, the storyboard is finished, but that's about it. Still, if the will existed, SE could do it. I hope they backpedel on the statement that VII wouldn't get a remaster until another FF title exceeds it in sales. At the same time, I hope FFXIV, FFXII-LR, and KH3 are blockbusters for SE. And, please, my friends, buy new copies of FFX/X-2 and KH1.5 remasters.
A FFVII-2 would pretty much ruin the image of, in my opinion, a perfect masterpiece. I would even argue that Advent Children was a mistake, and a "black spot" on such wonderful work of art.
To me FFVII was and still is perfect as a standalone game, which could only be tarnished by further "milking of the cow".
I disagree with you about Advent Children, especially the blu-ray version.
FFVII can still be a perfect title, and yet be remastered for current-gen systems. The old fans would buy it, and it would bring new fans into the franchise. By your "milking the cow" reasoning, SE should stop making Final Fantasy games altogether, because all they're doing is trying to make money off of past successes. I hope that's not what you're saying.
FFVII - IX have all been separate titles that stand on their own with no affiliation to one another. Now we have spins-offs, sequels, series and the like, taking the spotlight of development instead of producing full on titles that were of the same caliber of the PSone and early PS2 generation games.
By "milking of the cow", I meant more spins-offs of FFVII, which have been done to death, or sequels which so far haven't had a good track record with any Final Fantasy, especially when compared to their originator.
What I'm saying is, I don't want to see a FFVII-2 because it's not necessary, and since the team that developed the original has basically evaporated, I'd rather not see a new team butcher the name in an attempt to cash in on the fan's desire to see anything with the FFVII stamp on it.
To each their own. For example, my favourite Final Fantasy title is Dirge of Cerberus, and not Final Fantasy VII.
So would you rather play an HD remake of Final Fantasy 7 in ps3 or ps4 than a new story of Final Fantasy 7?
SE still had interest on making 7-2. Maybe I should accept the death of aerith as long as she is an irreplacable character.
and still be seen in 7-2.
Not like Snow in FF13-2. He appeared like a couple of times and then dissapeared.
SE makes the story and it's up to them how the story they made will appeal us and not to do the same story over again.
were still in the development of the game.
Dude get over it, seriously. She was supposed to die. It was planned out pretty much from the start that either Aerith or Barett would bite the dust. And they didn't choose Barett because it would have been too cliche. They wanted to throw you a curve ball; something realistic that would tug at your heartstrings and it worked out perfectly. Yeah, I cried at that scene... when I was 9 years old. But I never whined or believed in ridiculous things like "she should come back!" One of the major themes of this game is learning to accept loss and the idea that just because someone has passed away doesn't mean that they're completely gone. They live on through our collective memories, experiences, actions, and ideals. If you really played FF7 all the way through, you'd have known that already.
I never want to see another stupid sequel to this game. I saw one movie and read up on one game already. They were both horrible cash cows a la Final Fantasy: All the Bravest.
Advent Children was loud and abnoxious, incoherent, and a weak story. It was an obvious attempt to show off the new graphics and special effects that you can fit onto a Blu Ray disc. I disregard that movie as noncannon because it was just so offensive. You didn't need an overblown movie like that. The game's original ending was perfect because it was left open to interpretation. You didn't know if anyone on the planet survived or not. They could have all just as easily been wiped out and made room for only the animals and plants to grow on. But then Advent Children came along and ruined everything. Durr... they all survived, the world is a post-apocalyptic mess, horrfic disease is spreading, Sephiroth's back-he just is-don't ask how, Aerith and Zack are ghosts, Cloud is clinically depressed for no reason and hides secrets from his friends (gee, it's almost as if he didn't learn ANYTHING from the lifestream), Tifa gets beaten up by some loudmouth bozo who doesn't even have any martial arts training (and you thought SNOW was bad!?), Rufus is alive SOMEHOW, and Cait Sith and Cid have these really stupid over-the-top racist stereotype accents.
Dirge of Cerberus... I never actually played this one and I hear that the gameplay was terrible. But supposedly the story is decent. And if the story is good, one can forgive a lot. So I'm willing to give this game the benefit of the doubt and check it out someday.
I heard Crisis Core is a good game. I have it on my desk in UMD disk and haven't played it yet, so I reserve judgement until later. But as far as sequels go? Never again for ANY Final Fantasy game.
Final Fantasy 7: Advent Children was good. Until then they released a new version of the film and added up to 30 mins of new scenes in the film.
It's not that bad. It wasn't because of the good graphics they made back then in 2005. At least Sepiroth didn't return by himself... At least they made these Remnants who were experimented in the Mako Reactors.
If they were to release another sequel of Final Fantasy 7, they can't make Sepiroth as the antagonist but may appear somehow.
It would be silly to have sepiroth beaten 3 times over the same guy. SE knows how to continue a sequel far from your expectations but more surprising.
SE knows how to continue a sequel far from your expectations but more surprising.
I would argue that Squaresoft knew how to provide a worthwhile sequel, i.e. Chrono Cross. They never overstepped that boundary by proceeding to over expand storylines that would've felt weak and shallow. Square-Enix however, is a different matter of which I would be inclined to disagree with you on this subject given their past reputation with sequels.
The game play was actually quite solid as a third person action game. It was the story telling that was pretty weak and felt superficial compared to the original FFVII atmosphere & tone. Hojo's return was interesting enough, but the execution of it and the rest of plot was just ridiculous.
Square Enix and Square Soft are the same. The timeline is different and the theme of the storyline were different.
Did I hear the word "timeline"?
Square Enix and Square Soft are the same.
I disagree with what you said that Square-Enix has a poor history with sequels. They made Final Fantasy X-2 after X and did very well with it. Despite certain opinions being against it because of an all-female cast it was a very creative story and innovative battle system reminiscent of FInal Fantasy V, which was a SquareSoft game. Also while it is not the exact same company they are very similar. SquareSoft and Enix had a merger and created Square-Enix. They have all the talent from SquareSoft along with the the talent from Enix, if anything the company has become stronger, and better then ever.
I loved that I never realized how interconnected the worlds of the Final Fantasy seies were. Cloud falls into the lifestream and is summoned to Ivalice where Final Fantasy XII takes place, or Shinra company being decendants of Shinra from Final Fantasy X-2... That was mind-blowing.
I disagree with what you said that Square-Enix has a poor history with sequels. They made Final Fantasy X-2 after X and did very well with it. Despite certain opinions being against it because of an all-female cast it was a very creative story and innovative battle system reminiscent of FInal Fantasy V, which was a SquareSoft game.
I never said they had a poor history with sequels. I merely pointed out that their past reputation for them has been met with critical dismay and a much weaker reception when compared to their originators, and there are plenty of reasons for this, regardless of my opinion on them. FFX-2 did many things right yes, and I have no problems with the cast or the game play, but the story and its plot however I felt was rather shallow and thrown together. I view Tidus' departure from the story much like someone would view Aeries' departure from FFVII; that it was a profound touch to the storyline which overall had been ended and needed no further continuation in a FFX-2. However this was ruined for me when they decided to simply bring him back out of thin air. In my opinion, I was perfectly happy with FFX and it's ending, and would rather forget X-2 existed at all as the canon extension of the story.
Also while it is not the exact same company they are very similar. SquareSoft and Enix had a merger and created Square-Enix. They have all the talent from SquareSoft along with the the talent from Enix, if anything the company has become stronger, and better then ever.
Whether they're stronger or not is completely subjectional to one's own opinion. Much of the talent you're speaking of from Squaresoft you haven't accounted for; namely the many whose positions were replaced after the merger, and those who've retired, moved on, and were let go ever since. When you collectively look at the pieces you have left over, and which roles they're playing, you see something entirely different. While perhaps not worse, it isn't necessarily better either.
Please take some time to read this.
I have been thinking if Square Enix produced FInal Fantasy VII-2, with Genesis Rhapsodos being the main protagonist. A hack and slash game please.
Genesis has been awaken, and five years later, the remaining Geostigma infectants had wings, and they became monsters, and the monsters were all controlled by Kadaj and Sephiroth in the lifestream, these monsters are so powerful and they are a threat to the Planet. Genesis is then reunited with the new Shinra which is now WRO and was given a task to investigate these 'monsters'. Then the story carries on from there.
I actually prefer Cloud to be the main character, think of all the cool moves, attacks and limit breaks that he will have in a new game. Plus, I think it will be cool to control Cloud with his fusion swords.
Genesis will be a interesting character to control. I would like to control him as well.
Also would love to control Angeal, he is so sweet and funny as well as being a honorable person.
Maybe the game could be a combination of hack and slash, and turn-based RPG. Also would love several characters to be playable and 3 in a party like in Final Fantasy 7. We can have the main characters of FF7, Shelke and Genesis as the playable characters.
Not sure about the storyline. Maybe Genesis is trying to help the planet from a unknown threat, however, the main characters of FF7 doesn't know that and think that Genesis is up to no good. There will be rivalry between Cloud and Genesis as Genesis still want to prove himself a hero, and he can only do that if he can defeat the person who beat Sephiroth.
Genesis could prove himself a hero by saving the world from another threat and gettting into the Lifestream and vanish Kadaj and Sephiroth away for good so that they cannot face the planet any longer. Genesis didn't actually die, his body got collected by Weiss and Nero and he sealed himself in a cave in Dirge of Cerberus or something.
- It adds seamless exploration of the entire world, a day/night system, house ownership, lost story content, and loads more.


text:
CBS.com Blocks Time Warner Subscribers
August 2, 2013 by Justin Tolerman
A dispute between CBS and Time Warner Cable over retransmission fees for its broadcast content has spilled over onto the web, with a blackout of television programming also being extended to CBS' online properties. In the wake of Time Warner Cable dropping the CBS and Showtime signals in most major markets, the broadcaster has decided to block access to full-episode viewing on CBS.com.
Earlier today, Time Warner Cable removed CBS and Showtime programming from cable systems in markets like New York City, Los Angeles, Boston, Chicago, Pittsburgh, Denver, Detroit, and Dallas-Fort Worth. That happened after months of negotiations in which the two parties were unable to reach an agreement over fees paid to transmit networks to cable subscribers.
Soon after, reports began to surface from viewers in markets like New York and Los Angeles that affected viewers weren't able to stream full episodes on CBS' online property, CBS.com. Instead, the website showed anti-Time Warner Cable ads in the place of full-length programming.
Categories Companies, News Post navigation
Microsoft Files Patent For Gaming Headset
Obama Administration Vetoes Ban On Certain iPhones And iPads


Find a wedding band in Rotherham for hire for your big day! If you want musicians who will keep your guests dancing all night you're in the right place. Whether you love pop classics, rock anthems or classic Motown hits, we have 804 of the best professional bands right here to choose from.


text:
Air2030: Flight and Ground Tests of Candidates for A New Fighter Jet Are Over
(Source: Swiss Dept. of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports; issued June 20, 2019)
(Unofficial translation by Defense-Aerospace.com)
BERN --- The evaluation of candidate aircraft for the acquisition of a new fighter jet for the Swiss Armed Forces was completed with the departure of the Lockheed Martin F-35A. Four of the five announced candidates completed flight and ground tests in Payerne. The fifth candidate (Gripen E from Saab) decided not to participate in the flight and ground tests and withdrew from the evaluation. The tests were conducted by armasuisse in collaboration with the Air Force.
For armasuisse and the armed forces, preliminary work on the acquisition of a new fighter jet to replace the F/A-18C/D and F-5 E/F began about a year and a half ago. On 25 January 2019, the five candidates submitted to armasuisse the tenders they drew up on the basis of the requirements published on 23 March 2018 by the Swiss Ministry of Defence (DDPS). Switzerland had requested bids for the following aircraft, which it had been offered: Eurofighter (Airbus, Germany), F/A-18 Super Hornet (Boeing, United States), Rafale (Dassault, France), F-35A (Lockheed-Martin, USA) and Gripen E (Saab, Sweden).
From February to March 2019, specialists of armasuisse and the Air Force proceeded to test the aircraft in the simulators of the different candidates. These tests were organized with the respective manufacturers and ran parallel to the "product support audits".
During these audits, the air forces of the manufacturing countries made presentations of the operation and maintenance of their aircraft and their required training curricula. Then, from April to mid-June, in-flight evaluations were conducted in Payerne, in parallel to the evaluation of the responses that the manufacturers had made to the catalog of questions during the first offer.
Flight tests in Payerne
As part of the flight tests, each candidate was subjected to eight missions that were to be performed with one or two combat aircraft. Seven of the eight missions had specific tasks. The last mission could be chosen freely, either to repeat one of the predefined missions, or to demonstrate particular characteristics.
The objective was to check the sensors in the Swiss environment, the compatibility with the technical infrastructure of our country as well as the degree of maturity of the combat aircraft. The Empa Research Institute also carried out noise emission measurements at Payerne and Meiringen.
Four out of five candidates took the flight tests in Switzerland and completed all eight missions. On the recommendation of armasuisse, Swedish manufacturer Saab has decided not to take part in the flight tests with its Gripen E and will not take part as a result of the procedure.
The following four candidates remain in the running:
• Airbus with the Eurofighter (DE)
• Boeing with the F / A-18 Super Hornet (USA)
• Dassault with his Rafale (FRA)
• Lockheed Martin with the F-35A (USA)
Great interest of the media and the population for the tests
With the support of the armed forces, armasuisse organized for each candidate a demonstration on the military aerodrome of Payerne, during which the manufacturer was able to present his plane. These events generated a great deal of interest from the media in Switzerland and abroad: between 50 and 80 media professionals took part in each of the four presentations.
Moreover, nearly 2,000 citizens had the opportunity to attend the afternoon sessions for "spotters". They were able to watch and photograph the planes up close. Many other aviation enthusiasts have followed the tests from the various spectator seats around the military aerodrome.
Next steps of the project
For armasuisse, in cooperation with the Army Staff, the Air Force, the Army Logistics Base and the Command Support Base, it is now necessary to gather the results and conclusions from the flight and ground test evaluations into special reports. These reports will also be used to determine the required size of the fleet for each aircraft model.
On the basis of the results of the analysis and evaluation phase, armasuisse will then prepare a request for proposals which it will send to the candidates at the end of 2019. Based on the results of this second offer, armasuisse will compare the benefits of the candidates on the basis of the specialized reports and will determine the overall utility for each aircraft.
The results, together with a complete risk analysis, will be incorporated into the appraisal report, which will compare the overall usefulness of each candidate with its acquisition and operations costs over a period of 30 years.
Work on the evaluation report will begin in the second half of 2020. The report will only be finalized after a possible referendum poll. The Federal Council will then decide on the model and the number of aircraft to be acquired.


For 90 minutes at the Shanghai International Circuit, there was mayhem and madness. Pitstops aplenty, overtaking moves up and down the grid, but just one single retirement.
Lewis Hamilton barely made it out of the garage to start the race, Mark Webber clawed his way through the field from an 18th position grid slot, whilst Jenson Button couldn't remember which was his pit box.
It was all happening in China, too much to summarise here, so why not relive the race lap by lap with these Factbyte Factbox highlights.
Hello and welcome to the Factbyte Factbox for the Chinese GP.
We've got just an hour to go before the third race of the season gets underway - our first back to back of the year.
Sebastian Vettel starts from the best possible position, securing his third pole position of the year yesterday.
The main news of qualifying, aside from Vettel's speed again, was Mark Webber qualifying way down in 18th.
You can join in the comments there, or try the fancy Dashboard: https://sidepodcast.com/dashboard Comments, Twitter and this here FBFB all in one place.
Here's how the front of the grid lines up.
Both Toro Rosso drivers got through to Q3 which was pretty impressive. Paul di Resta did a great job to start from 8th, whilst Rosberg rocketed up to 4th.
5live's Anthony Davidson isn't sure about the rollerskating entertainment either.
Comment from paul: how many screens does the FBFB think I have?
The drivers are getting strapped into the car, ready for the pit lane to open in a few minutes.
Jake Humphrey fact: Vettel has been on the front row of the grid at every Grand Prix since Italy last year.
Petrov gets strapped into his car.
The pitlane is open and cars are filtering out to take up their positions on the grid.
Thirty minutes until the race begins.
Interview with Lewis Hamilton - on whether they are getting near to Red Bull: "In the last race it looked like we closed the gap, but they slowed down, I'm certain of it."
Interview with Mark Webber: "We're really going to be on the back foot for the first part of the Grand Prix, then try to capitalise on some good strategy, get something out of it. I had a look at some previous starts, but I said to the boys, I might need a pair of binoculars to see the lights today."
Also, when asked if he's going to be running KERS or not he said: "We are going to try to use it."
There's a bit of panic happening in the McLaren garage. Hamilton sits in the car with mechanics running around him. They have a few minutes before the pit lane closes again.
With five minutes left on the clock, they are taking the airbox off the McLaren.
A fuel line has come loose on Hamilton's car, a mechanic is running around with a fire extinguisher. They've got two minutes before a potential start from the pit lane.
With 40 seconds to go, Hamilton leaves the garage and will take his place on the grid.
Turn 14 - otherwise known as the big braking zone at the end of the long back straight.
Interview with Jonathan Neale, managing director at McLaren:"The engine fired up fine during the hour before the race, came to fire up again but it just wasn't firing... the only conclusion we could come up with was we had flooded the engine in some way. As you saw a massive scramble... but we're there."
Live timing has cleared, and we have less than ten minutes to go.
We've closed the pole and 89% of people believe Webber can finish in the points. Let's see how he goes!
Poll, pole, you know what I mean.
The grid has cleared and the drivers head off on the formation lap.
Webber gets an update from his engineer on the tyres the drivers around him are on - all options.
Webber himself is starting on the hards.
Vettel pulls to a halt in his pole position grid slot. The rest of the pack lines up behind him, and we await the lights.
Vettel had a terrible start, two McLaren's ahead of him, he's now battling with Nico for third.
Vettel has the edge for the position, and pushes Rosberg wide. Now both Ferraris are chasing the Mercedes.
Webber only made up one place on the start.
A nice clear first corner, yet again. One day we'll have some chaos at the first corner, I know it.
Button pulls out a bit of a lead, 1.3 seconds over Hamilton.
Petrov has lost a couple of places on the first lap, currently running 12th.
Team radio to Button: "Okay Jenson, let's put some gap between us and the rest of the field before DRS kicks in."
Webber overtakes Pérez for 16th.
Replays show that Vettel's start wasn't due to any KERS issue, it seemed just a poor getaway.
Race Control: Liuzzi is under investigation for jumping the start.
Team radio from Paul di Resta: "I have a lot of problems with the rear."
Race Control: Liuzzi gets a drive through penalty for jumping the start.
Petrov overtakes Alguersuari for 11th place.
They are currently 12th and 13th.
Ted News: Red Bull and McLaren are furiously tapping away on their computers working out strategies. Webber should pit sooner rather than later, they were expecting him to be further up than this.
Webber has lost a position to Pérez, fallen back to 16th.
Heidfeld finds himself sandwiched between the Toro Rossos now, having overtaken one and chasing another. Alguersuari makes it a bit easier for him by pitting.
That's an early stop, first pit stop at lap 10.
Alguersuari's stop didn't go well at all, he's now circling the track minus a right rear wheel.
Webber and Maldonado both pit.
Jaime with just three wheels.
Paul di Resta now comes in for his pit stop.
Alguersuari stopped out on track, his race over.
Rosberg pits from 4th place, ruining my one to watch table.
He returns to the track in 10th place. Buemi is also in from 13th.
Vettel is closing up to Hamilton now, just half a second behind.
The Red Bull mechanics are poised and ready to go though.
Webber has set, out of nowhere, the fastest lap of the race so far: 1:43.468.
The Red Bull mechanics stand down. None of the top three pitted.
Hamilton loses his place to Vettel, the Red Bull now up to 2nd place.
Vettel and Button both pit this lap, releasing Hamilton again.
Unusually, Button opted to run through the Red Bull pit box, and then moved on to his own team.
The Red Bull mechanics were not at all impressed!
Massa and Hamilton are both in this lap.
Alonso now leads, having not stopped yet.
Alonso pits from the lead.
Rosberg is now upfront, with one pit stop completed.
Petrov was sitting second, having yet to stop, but he just lost the position to a speedy Sebastian Vettel.
Comment from Pat W: Everyone's passing Heidfeld, why doesn't he get new tyres? Trying to stretch out a two-stopper?
Heidfeld has pitted from 9th place.
We haven't had anyone lapped yet, but Rosberg is exactly the length of the back straight behind Liuzzi.
Tweet from @autosportlive: Alonso has lost out badly and runs ninth now with di Resta 10th, Sutil 11th, Kobayashi 12th and Webber up to 13th.
Ah ha, a mystery is solved. Down the back straight, Massa was behind Hamilton, he overtook him at the hairpin at turn 14 and then dove straight into the pits.
Team radio to Rosberg: "If you can lift 25 metres early for brakes, 25 metres where you can."
It looks like a Sauber, Pérez, has a bit of front wing missing.
Rosberg's lead is up to 5 seconds now. He's got a healthy lead but how does his strategy compare to those around him?
Webber is advised over the radio not to use KERS.
McLaren mechanics arrive in the pits, and Jenson Button has come in.
McLaren are in the pits yet again, with Hamilton following Rosberg in.
Webber also pits from 13th place.
On his new tyres, Button is putting in some of the fastest sector times so far.
This stop was 1.3 seconds slower than his first one. That won't help him fight for the lead.
Schumacher pits from 5th place.
Mark Webber sets the fastest lap of the race... in 15th place... 1:41.200.
Nico Rosberg just passed Alonso for position, up to 3rd.
Vettel's engineer confirms that he can't hear Seb over the radio. There is some suitably Dalek like sounds from Vettel to prove the point.
Jenson Button has also made it passed Alonso, as the Ferrari slips down the order.
Tweet from @autosportlive: Button has much fresher rubber than Alonso and is the next man to comfortably pass the two-stopping Ferrari.
Low tech solution to informing the drivers about the DRS zone.
Sutil, Kobayashi and Heidfeld all pit at the same time from the midfield.
Vettel pits, handing Massa the lead... for now.
Alonso pits from sixth place, finally getting some fresh tyres.
Felipe Massa pits from the lead, Rosberg is back up front again.
Webber is up to 8th place, battling with Petrov.
He takes the position, after Petrov made it a bit too easy for him.
Apologies for the crush, but Vettel is used to leading by this much!
Hamilton overtakes Button for the position, Jenson didn't put up too much of a fight, but equally, they avoided an inter-team crash.
Button pits from 3rd place and returns to the track in 5th.
Webber squeezes past Michael Schumacher for 6th position.
Meanwhile, Hamilton has pitted and retains the position ahead of Button.
Nico Rosberg comes in for his stop from the lead of the race, and rejoins just in front of Hamilton.
Compare those times from Kamui, with Button who just set the fastest lap of the race - a 1:40.623.
Hamilton locks up terribly, smoke pours from the tyres. He continues on, but if he wasn't planning to pit again, he's made his life a bit tricky.
Team radio to Rosberg: "Fuel is critical."
Kovalainen, Maldonado and Glock pit from towards the rear of the pack.
Hamilton is closing up on Rosberg.
Rosberg allows the position to go, Hamilton now up to 3rd.
Live timing shows that Jarno Trulli has only stopped once, currently running in17th place ahead of his teammate Kovalainen.
Team radio to Massa: "Hamilton is the car behind, we're going to have to start defending from him soon."
Heidfeld gets caught up behind Petrov, attempting to overtake but it doesn't work. Pérez closes up to the pair, and there's contact between the Renault and the Sauber.
Pérez took the position, with a bit of bodywork flying off one or other of the cars.
Lewis Hamilton has taken second place from Felipe Massa. Vettel continues to lead.
Webber has managed to pass Alonso for 6th position - at turn six.
Rosberg locked up and ran wide, losing a couple of places, he's now 5th, just ahead of Webber.
Whilst watching the battles up front, an HRT is shown in the back weaving his way down the straight. Warming up the tyres probably, and not getting in anyone's way.
Replays show Sutil turning in on Pérez, the two coming together and running wide off track. Sutil appears to have a broken nose.
It's also confirmed that the incident between Pérez and Heidfeld will be investigated.
Team radio to Hamilton: "Other cars are struggling badly, we need to make sure you get to the end of your tyres. Vettel will be coming back to you."
Race Control: Drive through penalty for Pérez - causing a collision.
Sutil and Pérez come together.
Radio to Vettel confirms the engineer still can't hear him, but is being urged to stay out. He may be struggling on his tyres.
Race Control: Incident between Pérez and Sutil to be investigated.
Hamilton is close behind Vettel, this is the battle for the lead.
Vettel has stopped twice, so has old tyres. But Hamilton, although stopped three times, isn't so good at looking after his tyres.
Whose tyres can hold out?
Nico Rosberg overtakes Felipe Massa, the Ferrari running wide off track.
Tweet from @autosportlive: Barrichello is up to 13th with Buemi 14th. Perez has slipped down to 15th following that bodged overtaking move and drive-through penalty.
Good news, Pastor Maldonado is still running! Down in 18th but still!
Five laps left and it is so close between Hamilton and Vettel.
Webber overtakes Massa for 5th place.
Hamilton is through, in the lead.
Comment from Kai: From fuel leak to lead.
Mark Webber overtook Rosberg, but outbraked himself, giving the position back. On the next corner, Webber gets the position back, he's up to 4th.
Sutil has just unlapped himself, as Vettel tries to keep his tyres going.
Team radio to Button: "Webber is close behind, he is going to attack you. He is on fresher tyres. Beware of Webber."
Webber has overtaken Button! It's close but he keeps the position and is now looking at a podium finish!
Lewis Hamilton wins the Chinese Grand Prix!
Vettel comes in second, and Webber amazingly comes third.
Hamilton climbs out the car and leaps into the waiting mechanics arms. Much happiness at McLaren.
Lewis Hamilton showing a bit of emotion, and perhaps even some tears as they wait to go up on the podium.
The three drivers take to the podium, and the National Anthem plays out.
Race Control: Heidfeld and di Resta are under investigation for contact just a couple of corners from the end.
Hamilton takes stock on the podium.
Interview with Martin Whitmarsh: "All sorts of emotions, it's been a challenging weekend. There's so much action... you've just got to get it slightly wrong and you're toast. I think Lewis and Jenson today drove great races... First win of the year is a really important one."
Press Conference Quotes - Lewis Hamilton: "The strategy that we came up with definitely helped. My new option tyres seemed to last a bit longer than the guys in front. I think it was quite a few things that came together. The car felt great, I was trying to nurse my tyres fast. It was one of the best races I've experienced, at least this year, where the guys were out in front of me and I had to do a lot of overtaking. It feels amazing to be able to bring home a victory."
Press Conference Quotes - Lewis Hamilton: "I was in the car nice and early to go out and we had a problem where the car just wouldn't start... I knew there were six minutes to go, then there was two minutes to go and it all just came together very quickly. I tried to stay positive and they got the car out which was most important."
"I came to the box and obviously came out first, it was quite a surprise Jenson in front of me came into my garage. I hoped he would just carry on. Fortunately it had no effect, the guys kept their heads cool, we kept going and came out in the lead.
"I think we tried to hard staying on two stops, but surely in the end you'll find yourself out there on the hard tyre, I saw Lewis coming closer and closer. I tried to defend as much as I can but he found his way past easily. It was a difficult race for us... but still we finished second so I'm very happy with that. One race you just try something different, make some mistakes, it's only natural, and there's lots of people around to beat you."
Press Conference Quotes - Mark Webber: "It was an interesting Grand Prix. We decided to start on the prime which we know is not the most desired tyre for everyone in the field. Got that out of the way, which was quite tricky. Everyone was using the DRS at the same time, which was predicted. It wasn't easy to come back through those guys.
"To still see P17 on your board after 15 laps... and then all of a sudden I just felt comfortable with the car. I had a few sets of tyres left after qualifying. Maybe that's the best way to do it, not even take part in qualifying... but all jokes aside... we're all here together fighting for victory. Shame McLaren won, in a way, but we can't let Seb get away. It was a good day today in terms of racing, and for us in terms of points."
Interview with Jenson Button: "Massive congrats to Lewis, he drove a great race. It was one of those races where there was a lot of overtaking... it was good fun to be a part of but I wasn't quick enough. Fourth place is as good as I could get out of the car.
"It's enjoyable but also you're a sitting duck when people have got newer tyres, you can't do anything. When Webber passed me, he was so much faster. You try and fight back but you don't have the grip.
"Tough afternoon for me. It could have been a lot better but it could have been a lot worse."
Just one retirement today, in the form of Jaime Alguersuari. Not a great end to his best ever qualifying position.
Interview with Paul di Resta: "It was always going to be quite tough. Again we came very close to scoring points but just missed out, at the end, the tyres gave out... I think having gone into the race without heavy fuel runs maybe compromised us a bit.
"We didn't quite get the aero balance... but the second and third stints were pretty good. Maybe a three stop would have been better. But we came here with relatively strong performance to where we have been."
The McLaren team have changed into their rocket red winning shirts, and are celebrating in the garage.
It's been an action-packed afternoon in China, you couldn't ask for much more in terms of overtaking and pit stop drama.
From troubled starts for Lewis Hamilton and Mark Webber, both finished on the podium.
It's hard to summarise this race, as there was so much detail through the whole 56 laps.
Mercedes seemed improved, with Rosberg leading the race on several occasions. Toro Rosso didn't manage to hold on to their good qualifying spots, and quickly fell down the order.
Kovalainen finished well for Lotus, up in 16th, whilst Pérez had a clumsy afternoon, battling with several other cars that ended with collision.
Vettel retains his lead on the driver's championship, with Hamilton hopping up to second place. Red Bull are still running away with the constructors... for now.
That's it for today, then. Our first back-to-back racing extravaganza is complete. We now have a bit of a break before Turkey.
Stay safe and happy fact fans.


Makers and those of you that would like to or have already built a Raspberry Pi camera might be interested in a new show by master maker Ben Heck that explains how you can make your Raspberry Pi camera even thinner more compact.
The Raspberry Pi single board mini PC has its own camera module available to purchase separately that can be used to record video and photos but can be a little bulky when first put together.
"Felix built a point and shoot camera using spare parts laying around the shop and suggests that Ben shrink it down and put it into a cool enclosure. Ben shares tips and tricks as he works to remove anything unnecessary from the Pi, making it as small as possible.
For more information on the new Raspberry Pi camera slimmed down by Ben Heck jump over to the official Ben Heck YouTube website for details.


1. What is the Role of internet in Retail Industries?Explain Its Advantages And Disadvangtages? Online retailing is far and away the fastest growing retail sector in the United States, with overall growth of about 15% in the past year and with categories such as apparel and footwear up by more.1 Internet retailing currently represents approximately 8% of U.S. retail sales, and in many countries it's an even larger percentage. Forrester Research expects that from 2010 to2015 online retail sales in China will more than triple, to about $160 billion. What's driving the growth, and to what extent do the principles of success for online retail differ from those of traditional brick-and-mortar retail? Internet retailing expansion is being fed by two forces: (1) traditional retailers are getting their "Internet acts" together, and "pure play" retailers are becoming increasingly innovative. Consumers are now at least willing to consider purchasing more categories of products online than before. Many are expanding from an early emphasis on items such as books and CDs (which can be specifically described online in terms such as title, number of pages and shipping time) to other types of merchandise such as fashion apparel and gourmet food (which are characterized by "nondigital" attributes such as the fit and feel).2 Traditional and Internet retailing differ in twocritical ways. First, in theory at least, Internet retailers have "unlimited" trading areas.3 Second, and less obvious, while traditional retailers can identify and target customers with relative ease (most customers either work or live within a few miles of the store), Internet retailers without physical stores find this much more difficult to do. Many Internet retailers have trouble getting noticed and acquiring customers. Indeed, having an unlimited trading area can be a mixed blessing: There are no straightforward rules about where to look for customers. As a result, some Internet retailers are making small forays into traditional retailing, using strategies that include pop-up stores, kiosks and partnerships with well-known retailers. Grow your retail business Advantages and disadvantages of online retail Online retailing is growing at an astonishing rate, with online sales now accounting for around one quarter of the total retail market. Retailers who ignore e-commerce may see their trade lessening as customers continue to shift to ordering products online. However you need to think carefully and weigh all the advantages and disadvantages - backed by good market research - before deciding on whether or not to trade online. Advantages of online retail  Easy access to market - in many ways the access to market for entrepreneurs has never been easier. Online marketplaces such as eBay and Amazon allow anyone to set up a simple online shop and sell products within minutes - see selling through online marketplaces.  Reduced overheads - selling online can remove the need for expensive retail premises and customer-facing staff, allowing you to invest in better marketing and customer experience on your e-commerce site.  Potential for rapid growth - selling on the internet means traditional constraints to retail growth - eg finding and paying for larger or better premises - are not major factors. With a good e-marketing strategy and a plan a scale up order fulfillment systems, you can respond and boost growing sales - see planning for e-commerce.  Widen your market / export - one major advantage over premises-based retailers is the ability expand your market beyond local customers very quickly. You may discover a strong demand for your products in other countries which you can respond to by targeted marketing, offering your website in a different language, or perhaps partnering with an overseas company - see exporting - an overview.  Customer intelligence - ability to use online marketing tools to target new customers and website analysis tools to gain insight into your customers' needs. For more information on driving sales through online advertising see how to develop an e-marketing plan, and for advice on improving your customer's on-site experience see measuring your online marketing.
2. For more detailed advice guides on how to move into internet retailing see our section on online selling. Disadvantages of online retail  Website costs - planning, designing, creating, hosting, securing and maintaining a professional e-commerce website isn't cheap, especially if you expect large and growing sales volumes - see common e-commerce pitfalls.  Infrastructure costs - even if you aren't paying the cost of customer-facing premises, you'll need to think about the costs of physical space for order fulfillment, warehousing goods, dealing with returns and staffing for these tasks - see fulfilling online orders.  Security and fraud - the growth of online retail market has attracted the attention of sophisticated criminal elements. The reputation of your business could be fatally damaged if you don't invest in the latest security systems to protect your website and transaction processes - see security weaknesses.  Legal issues - getting to grips with e-commerce and the law can be a challenge and you'll need to be aware of, and plan to cope with, the additional customer rights which are attached to online sales - see the law and selling online.  Advertising costs - while online marketing can be a very efficient way of getting the right customers to your products, it demands a generous budget - especially if you are competing in a crowded sector or for popular keywords - see generate business from your e-marketing plan.  Customer trust - it can be difficult to establish a trusted brand name, especially without a physical business with a track record and face-to-face interaction between customers and sales staff. You need to consider the costs or setting up a good customer service system as part of your online offering - see manage your customer care. For detailed guidance on the problems you might encounter selling online see common e-commerce pitfalls.


Dominus társasjáték - Magyarország társasjáték keresője! A társasjáték érték!
A Dominus egy kiváló társasjáték, 1 - 4 játékos részére, az átlagos játékidő rövid, csak 15 - 30 perc. A társast, 8 éves kortól ajánljuk kipróbálni.
Dominus is a tile-laying game where players compete to build the most prestigious medieval monastery. The game features very simple rules, lots of interaction between players (in the form of a shared resource market) and clever tile-laying where players try to match the sides of the tile they are building with the sides of previously built tiles (dominoes style) in order to maximize their score and get access to extra resources.
On their turn, the player places one resource tile together with one of their workers into the market (formed by a 3x3 grid of resource tiles). The tile is either placed on the leftmost space of a row or in the topmost space of a column, thus pushing out one other resource tile from the market that the player then collects. If there is a worker on the expelled tile, it's owner recovers it and gains a Prestige Point. Then the player activates the row or the column of the market where the tile and the worker were placed (each resource tile specifies if activates a column or a row).
When a player chooses to harvest, he gains 1 coin for each of his workers on the row or column that was activated. Workers belonging to other players on the activated row or column, also collect 1 coin for their owners.
When a player chooses to build, he builds one of the monastery tiles that he has on his hand. In order to do so, he can use ALL the resources on the activated column or row to pay for that. Also, the player should take into account that all of his workers there, will double the value of the resource where they stand. Afterward, players place the monastery tile on their monastery, orthogonally adjacent to a previously built tile. Then players gain Prestige points for the newly built tile and possibly extra Prestige points depending on the number of faces that they matched with the previously built tiles when they built the new tile(dominoes style). Also, when 2 sides form a complete icon of a resource, players will have from that moment on access to that resource when Building (by paying 1 coin to use that resource). This will allow them to build later in the game the most Prestigious buildings that also cost a bigger amount of resources to build.
At any moment during their turns, players can also spend coins to draw into their hand monastery tiles from the ones on display.
The end game is triggered when a player reaches 50 Prestige points. Then, a final round is played and the player with most Prestige Points wins the game.
And these are all the rules of the game.
DOMINVS is a fast-paced tile-laying game where a clever placement of your workers on the market will not only grant you access to more resources but may occasionally help you win coins when other players harvest, thus saving you from spending one of your turns harvesting. The market manipulation provides a lot of interaction between players, but not the destructive type of interaction because, even when somebody messes with your plans, new possibilities open in the market for you.
During playtest, 4 player games would take no longer than 30 minutes, making DOMINVS a fast playing game, with an interesting engine building mechanism integrated, with simple rules but with lots of interesting decisions each turn.
DOMINVS was also designed from the beginning with an integrated and fully functional solo variant.


text:
Q: GeoJSON data not displaying in Python folium map I am trying to display the following geojson file in a folium map in Python but it just shows an empty map with none of the data.
Here are the steps I have tried:

*

*I tried using the python code below but nothing shows up.

*I tried other geojson files in the github repository below using the same code and the data show up without any issue, so it looks like my python code is fine

*I opened the "census_tracts_2010.geojson" file in github and Mapshaper, the data showed up perfectly without any issue, so it doesn't look like the geojson file is corrupted
Could anyone please let me know how I can fix it?
Geojson file:
https://github.com/dwillis/nyc-maps/blob/master/census_tracts_2010.geojson
Python code:
import folium
m = folium.Map(location=[40.66393072,-73.93827499], zoom_start=13)
m.choropleth(geo_path="census_tracts_2010.geojson")
m.save(outfile='datamap.html')

Thanks a lot!

A: That file is not a GeoJson it is a TopoJson. You need to use folium.TopoJson instead.
import folium

m = folium.Map(location=[40.66393072,-73.93827499], zoom_start=13)

folium.TopoJson(
    open('census_tracts_2010.geojson'),
    object_path='objects.nyct2010',
).add_to(m)

m

A: You need to open the geojson file.
    m.choropleth(open("census_tracts_2010.geojson"))

Take a look at the examples https://folium.readthedocs.io/en/latest/quickstart.html

A: Try this: m.add_child(folium.GeoJson(data = open("census_tracts_2010.geojson"))) and then call m.save() fun


text:
in: Pages with some Wikipedia text, People
Barney Frank (born March 31, 1940) is the U.S. Representative for Massachusetts's 4th congressional district (1981–present). A member of the Democratic Party, he is the former chairman of the House Financial Services Committee (2007–2011) and is considered the most prominent gay politician in the United States.
Born and raised in New Jersey, Frank graduated from Harvard College and Harvard Law School. He worked as a political aide before winning election to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1972. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1980 with 52 percent of the vote. He has been re-elected ever since by wide margins. In 1987 he came out as gay, becoming the first member of Congress to do so voluntarily. From 2007 to 2011, Frank served as chairman of the House Financial Services Committee, where he remains the ranking Democrat.
On November 28, 2011, Frank announced that he would retire from the Congress at the conclusion of his term in 2013.
Marijuana Legislation[]
In 2001 Frank authored of the States' Rights to Medical Marijuana Act (H.R. 2592), an attempt to stop federal government from preempting states' medical marijuana laws. He has consistently voted for the bipartisan Hinchey-Rohrabacher amendment, annually proposed by Dana Rohrabacher (R-CA) and Maurice Hinchey (D-NY), that would prohibit the United States Department of Justice from prosecuting medical marijuana patients. In March 2008, he proposed the Personal Use of Marijuana by Responsible Adults Act of 2008 (HR 5843), which would have decriminalized small amounts of the drug but it died in committee during the 110th Congress. On June 18, 2009 he re-introduced the bill as the Personal Use of Marijuana by Responsible Adults Act of 2009 (HR 2943).
Commenting on legislation to remove federal criminal penalties for possession of small amounts of marijuana for personal use, Frank stated "In a free society a large degree of human activity is none of the government's business. We should make criminal what's going to hurt other people and other than that we should leave it to people to make their own choices."
In 2003 he was rated "A" by Vote Hemp, indicating a pro-hemp voting record.
In 2006 he was rated "+30" by NORML, indicating a pro-drug-reform stance.
In 2008 Frank sponsored "Removing Impediments to Students Education" (RISE) ((H.R.5157) 08-HR5157) to allow rehabilitated drug offenders to get student loans.
In 2009 Frank signed the Industrial Hemp Farming Act of 2009 (H.R.1866 2009-H1866) to "grant each state regulating authority for the growing and processing of industrial hemp."
This page uses some content from Wikipedia. See this Wikipedia article: Barney Frank. The list of authors there can be seen in the page history there. As with the Cannabis Wiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License.
Pages with some Wikipedia text


A great pantihose for many occasions.
Madonna like a virgin in this full layer tulle skirt, ankle boots, chain belts and corset top. Accessorize this costume to suit your taste. Add fishnets and lots of lace.
A blue satin 1920's dress with black tassles and sequin detail. Complete your look by adding long gloves, a feather boa and a string of pearls.
Long black velvet horror dress with fantastic spider web detail chiffon cape with stand up collar. The cape actually has a fake spider attached to it.