As one of the great adventure capitals of the American West as well as a hub of fine arts and fine cuisine, Jackson Hole could easily keep you busy for weeks. With Grand Teton National Park, Yellowstone, and the National Elk Refuge within easy reach, the list of things to do is virtually endless. The staff at the Bentwood Inn have close relationships with adventure operators and naturalist guides in the valley, and are up to date on all the area's cultural happenings, so they can help you build an experience that fits you. Whether you're looking to go dogsledding or wine tasting—or both—they'll have plenty of recommendations and they'll help make your reservations.
There is a hike for everyone here, from easy walks in the valley to serious treks to high mountain passes in the Tetons. With hundreds of miles of established trails to choose from, you can stay close to the lodge or venture deep into the surrounding parks—on your own (with tips from the innkeepers) or on a guided hike with a local operator.
Grab a bike and a helmet at the lodge and set out on the bike path that starts right at the front door. There are miles of paved paths in every direction, so you can bike into Jackson or spend an afternoon pedaling through Grand Teton National Park. Guided excursions by regular or fat bike are also available at an extra cost.
Those same trails still beckon in winter, when the surrounding landscape is covered in snow and wildlife is easy to spot. The lodge supplies snowshoes that guests can take out to explore both wilderness and wide-open spaces. Or bring your equipment and take to the winter wonderland on cross-country skis. Guided snowshoeing and cross-country skiing excursions are also offered by local outfitters.
Every evening, the inn hosts a gathering for guests featuring wine, cheese, and homemade hors d'oeuvres.
Occasionally, on nights when a Bistro dinner is offered, the lodge invites a naturalist from the Teton Science School to give a talk on the area after the meal.
Hit the rapids on a white-water rafting excursion, enjoy a scenic float through Grand Teton National Park, or take to the Snake River in a hand-built wooden dory and end the day with dinner on the riverbank. A number of local operators offer a wide variety of water-based adventures, and the lodge will connect you to the best of them.
Cast your fly for rainbow trout and cutthroats in one of the many streams and rivers that pass through the valley and the surrounding national parks. Local angling outfitters cater to all skill levels and offer a range of guided boat trips, float trips, and backcountry fishing excursions.
Join a naturalist guide on a half- or full-day excursion in the Jackson Hole area and the neighboring national parks, and learn about the natural history of the region while tracking all kinds of wildlife, from birds to big horn sheep. Wildlife tours are available all year round.
Head to the peaks—or soar among them—on a variety of adventures, including aerial tram rides, climbing, bungee jumping, and tandem paragliding. Most of these adventure outfitters offer family-friendly activities as well as those for adrenaline junkies.
Take in the scenery from a different perspective on half-day, full-day, or multi-day horseback rides with wranglers. Or join rodeo performers at a local cattle ranch for a fun course in roping, barrel racing, and more.
Join the locals in the stands for a Jackson Hole tradition that's been around for more than 120 years. Watch lassoes fly and riders jounce through thrilling events such as bull and bronc riding, roping, and barrel racing.
Head to the slopes at one of three excellent resorts, including Jackson Hole Mountain Resort, one of the best in the country. Go cross-country skiing or snowshoeing with a guide, or opt for a backcountry-skiing, heli-skiing, or ice-climbing expedition. Glide through the snow on a dogsled, or take a wildlife safari on a snowmobile.
Loft high above the valley in a hot air balloon, and surround yourself with breathtaking aerial views of jagged peaks, sparkling rivers, and perhaps even the Yellowstone plateau.
Encounter some of the first images of the American West—and more recent depictions of its wildlife and scenery—at the renowned National Museum of Wildlife Art. Delve into life in the Wild West at other museums in town, or take in a play at the playhouse or a ballet at the Center for the Arts. Or time your visit with the JacksonHoleLive summer concert series and watch world-class shows al fresco.
Along with many of the other activities listed here, families can also enjoy a visit to the interactive Jackson Hole Children's Museum, a ride down an alpine slide or an alpine coaster, and a ropes course. Dinnertime is a whole new adventure: try out a chuckwagon meal with cowboy songs and stories, or ride a covered wagon to a mountain camp for a meal like a homesteader of old.
As a bed and breakfast, the Bentwood Inn takes the first meal of the day seriously, offering a fresh and inspired range of options that goes beyond (but includes) seasonal fruit, organic coffee, and home-baked bread.
Delightful appetizers are the stars at the nightly wine and cheese hour, and several nights a week, the inn hosts a four-course gourmet Bistro dinner for guests made with fresh, local ingredients.
Note: The inn does not serve lunch, and the Bistro dinner is offered based on demand.


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My mind is like my office, cluttered with creativity. On one wall are two sets of book shelves sweeping the ceiling. A few of the shelves are filled with papers scribbled with writing for various books that will one day be written. There is one shelf reserved for notebooks where each notebook contains notes or writing for a particular book. I have piles of notes on the table next to me. These piles are for my current book I'm working on and for my next book.
I believe the mind has more than one subconscious. My theory is that the brain has a layer of them and I have a subconscious for each book I plan to write or have partially written. For me, writer's block doesn't exist. If I get stuck, I simply forget about it, knowing that the next morning, the writing will be there. My subconscious has written it while I was sleeping.
There are two times my mind likes to write. One, of course, is when I'm sitting in front of the computer deliberately writing but never forcing the words. The second time is, sometimes, when I'm relaxed. I'll be at my Zumba class exercising and suddenly my subconscious will start writing. Dialogue or narration comes spilling out. Sentences, paragraphs, or plot will disappear if not put on paper as soon as possible. My mind only comes up with it once and then moves onto another part of the book.
When I go out to eat, I often have to write on napkins because my mind decides to become creative in the middle of a chicken salad sandwich.
I have piles of scribbling. I try to get organized and write in a notebook. I've got two notebooks laying around with writing for my current book. I have ten notebooks dedicated to future books with scribbling that came out as fully-written prose.
When I begin a new book, I go through the scribbling to find what's already been written. Sometimes it's dialogue or prose, or plot, or character development, or a sketchy outline of the story. Often it's the ending of the book or the beginning.
My brain, also, likes to write when I'm driving. I've had to pull into parking lots to scribble on pads of paper. This doesn't happen often any more since I no longer have to commute to a job but write full time. I once tried a tape recorder, but a different part of the brain does speech. As soon as I open my mouth, the writing vanishes from my subconscious, and I can't remember a word or what it was even about. But if I write with my subconscious, the words flow.
When I'm trying to go to sleep, my mind will start writing occasionally. I have to keep getting up and scribbling on the notebook I keep on my nightstand. I sometimes finally tell my brain to shut up so I can sleep.
If I'm beginning a new book, my brain will go nuts and the words and voices spill out like a fountain.
The last thing Miranda ever expected was to see her brother's ghost at the fallen Twin Towers.
It's bad enough survivor Christopher Michaels scares her with claims that if one dies violently, his ghost will haunt the place that holds his name. And to top it all, one of those thousands of ghosts follows Miranda to her hotel. The only certainty is the ghost grabbing her under the covers is not Jake.
Their parents' deaths separated Miranda from Jake when they were kids. Michaels insists Jake brought them together and it's no coincidence that of thousands mourning at Ground Zero, it's his best friend she bumps into. Some best friend. Michaels is more like a moocher. The cheapskate never has money, just a blood-stained wallet he broods over. Miranda has no choice but to hang out with the weird Michaels in order to unravel her brother's past.


Teenage sensation Charley Hull won her first Ladies European Tour title when she clinched the Lalla Meryem Cup in Morocco.
The 17-year-old bested formidable opposition in the form of French golfer Gwladys Nocera in a stern play-off, eventually overcoming her to lift the trophy.
Hull surged back from five strokes behind to card a closing round of 62 – tied on 15 under with Nocera – before holing from four feet for the birdie on the first extra hole to win the tournament.
She added: "I got my first win while I'm still 17. I'm 18 next week, so I'm really happy."
The victory was made all the sweeter for Hull as she began her professional career at the same event last year, giving a sense of coming full circle before she moves into adulthood.


Dr. Hughes is a board-certified pediatrician who completed her training in pediatrics at the University of Rochester in 2004. She graduated with honors from the University of Notre Dame and proceeded to receive her medical degree from the University of Cincinnati. She has special interests in adolescent medicine, behavioral pediatrics and asthma. She enjoys swimming, running and reading Dr. Volk's books!
How Can Dr. Hughes Help You?


Today is a good day x Okay in parts it hasn't been, but today I hit 400 Bloglovin followers. It might not seem a lot to some people but for me it's a bit of a milestone.
This year I've been a bit meh when it comes to my blog, my health hasn't been the best and as it should do, my blogs taken a back seat. I guess that's why I'm so pleased that so many of you still seem to have faith in me and my blog and you've stuck with me regardless, it makes me want to kick my stupid body in to touch and blog my weary little heart out.
I'm being a bit gushy and sentimental here but what I'm trying to say is thank you for being there x I have a few issues with the term blogging community at times but without it I wouldn't be the person I am today. I've met so many lovely people both online and in the flesh, and I've had the most amazing experiences and opportunities all because of blogging.


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Safety & Ergonomics > Safety Tips & Info > Slips and Falls
Dissecting the Slip and Fall Accident
Half of all slip & fall accidents are caused by unsafe—and preventable—floor conditions
Workplace safety is a concern to everyone. Employees, employers, risk managers, insurers and even visitors are impacted by the level of commitment to safety at your physical facility. As long as businesses have existed, one of the most common and costly threats to a workplace safety program has been the slip and fall accident.
Friction, also referred to as traction, is the relationship of object to surface; foot to floor. In terms of slip resistance, it is the resistance to lateral (forward) movement caused by the foot touching the ground. To determine the slip resistance of any surface, you must determine the Coefficient of Friction (COF) on the surface. The COF is the horizontal force divided by the vertical force. The higher the coefficient of friction reading, the less slippery a surface.
Coefficient of Friction has become an important measure of performance for floor surfaces and to the anti-fatigue and safety matting industry.
To guard against slip and fall accidents, OSHA recommends a static coefficient of friction of .5.
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) specifies a coefficient of friction of .6 on flat surfaces and .8 on ramps. With these recommendations in place, the concept of slip resistance has basically been elevated to a civil right. Right now, the static coefficient of friction of .5 is seen as legal and enforceable benchmark for slip resistant pedestrian walkways. (March 1999, Safety and Health, p. 62, "Slip Resistance Standards: Sorting it all Out", Barrett C. Miller)
A real life example of the legal ramifications of Coefficient of Friction standards is the Florida Supreme Court Case of Morowitz v. Vistaview Apartments, Ltd., et al., 613 So. 2d 493 (3 Dist. 1993). In this case, Geraldine Morowitz slipped and fell on a tile floor outside the Vistaview Apartments shortly after it had rained, sustaining a fractured hip.
The tile floor was located near an open air atrium in a common area of an apartment complex. At trial, Morowitz requested a negligence per se jury instruction patterned on the South Florida Building Code. The Building Code provided certain minimum standards of slip resistance based on UBC and ASTM standards. Morowitz claimed that the apartment complex violated the building code. On appeal, the court found in favor of Morowitz ruling she was entitled to the negligence per se instruction.
For employers, building managers, and insurers there is an umbrella of protection under the law. Many such lawsuits can be won if you have a maintenance program that is strictly followed.
One such example is the case of O'Connor v. ISS International Service System, Inc., 644 N.Y.S. 2d 410 (Sup. Ct., App. Div. 1996). Following a slip and fall accident, the plaintiff, O'Connor claimed that the defendant negligently applied excessive amounts of wax on the floor allowing the same to accumulate. In its Motion for Summary Judgment, the defendant showed that FF-425 wax was applied to the floor weekly and was not slippery when dry because its static coefficient of friction exceeded the standard set for floors by the American Society of Testing and Materials. The defendant also proved that the floors were stripped of wax every three weeks. O'Connor did not refute the defendants' expert opinion.
Summary judgment in favor of the defendant was affirmed.
Note: A COF of higher than .8 does not significantly add to the slip resistance. However, a COF of much over 1.0 can impede a person's ability to ambulate.
Consult your legal representation before undergoing any process involved in fall & slip prevention. If you need more information, contact us.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Aarti Drugs Ltd and Aarti Industries Ltd:-What to be done with them?
Story:The Indian pharma sector comprises a diverse set of players. There are somnolent multinationals, dictated by the policies of their remote parents. The larger Indian ones, like Dr Reddy's and Ranbaxy, have tried to go down the path of patent challenges but got entangled in litigation launched by US pharma companies.Smaller and medium-sized Indian pharma companies have continued to play their strengths of launching bulk actives at low cost and generating steady export revenues. One such company is Aarti Drugs Ltd (ADL). Part of the Aarti group of industries, ADL manufactures vitamins, anti-arthritis, anti-fungal antibiotics and ACE inhibitors, in addition to a range of anti-diabetic, anti-cholinergic, sedatives and anti-depressants. ADL specialises as a source of generic bulk actives, advanced intermediates and specialty chemicals while, on the R&D front, it provides cost effective process development. One interesting aspect of the success of mid-sized pharma companies is their ability to provide contract research and manufacturing to partners in the developed markets. ADL too has been looking at harnessing this growth opportunity. It is focusing on contract manufacturing and direct exports and is also emerging as a supplier of APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients) to the domestic formulation manufacturers in regulated markets.ADL has been growing at a decent rate in the recent past. What makes this stock attractive is its extremely cheap valuation.A safe bet among the pharma fraternity.A good buy at sub 30 levels.
Story:Aarti Industries is the flagship company of the Aarti group and is the market leader in benzene derivatives, with more than 50% market share. It has a diversified end-user profile manufacturing basic chemicals, speciality chemicals, agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. It enjoys economies of scale from its large installed capacities for nitro- and chloro-benzene derivatives. What is turbo-driving the business is speciality chemicals.Manufacturing of APIs is done in Maharashtra (Tarapur and Dombivli) and Gujarat (Vapi, Sarigam and Jhagadia). The units are ISO/GMP certified. The API business at Tarapur managed by Aarti Healthcare recently got the approval of United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA). This will help to increase sales volume in the US market for various high-value APIs used in manufacturing cardio-vascular, anti-asthmatic, anti-cancer, anti-thalassemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-depressant drugs, etc. It has also backward-integrated its business so that it has access to intermediates of most of the APIs it manufactures. Aarti Healthcare has also been able to obtain a Certificate of Sustainability (COS) from the European authorities for one of its key high-growth anti-hypertensive API – Ramipril. The manufacturing units with backward integration and the logistic advantage of stocking points in the US, Europe and Japan are the strengths of the company. Aarti is in discussions with a multi-billion Japanese chemical major, Sojitz Chemical Corporation, for a 50:50 joint venture to manufacture various speciality chemicals with applications in high-growth markets such as polymers, additives, high-purity electronic chemicals, etc.Finally, what is great about this company are its promoters. It is rare to find technocrats running Rs1,000 crore companies. Here is one. Chandrakant V Gogri, the chairman, is a chemical engineer from University Department of Chemical Technology (UDCT), Mumbai. He set up the Aarti group starting as a small unit three decades ago. His brother Rajendra Gogri, vice chairman, is a brilliant chemical engineer also from UDCT, Mumbai; he went on to do his master's in chemical engineering from Iowa University of USA. Another director, Piramal Desai, is also a chemical engineer from UDCT, Mumbai.A great stock to buy for the long term and also worth adding on declines.


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Sodexo Recognized by USDA and EPA as U.S. Food Loss and Waste 2030 Champion
Sodexo, world leader in Quality of Life services, today announced being named by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to the inaugural class of the U.S. Food Loss and Waste 2030 Champions. The recognition is awarded to U.S. businesses and organizations pledging concrete steps to reduce food loss and waste in their operations by 50 percent by 2030. It also aligns with the commitment Sodexo made last Spring for zero waste to landfill by 2025.
"The founding 2030 Champions have shown exceptional leadership in the fight to reduce, recover and recycle food loss and waste," said Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack. "The staggering amount of wasted food in the United States has far-reaching impacts on food security, resource conservation and climate change. To help galvanize U.S. efforts to reduce food loss and waste, USDA and EPA announced the first U.S. food loss and waste reduction goal in September 2015. Today, the first 15 Champions are stepping up to do their part to help the nation reach this critical goal."
In the United States, the EPA estimates that more food reaches landfills and incinerators than any other single material in everyday trash, about 21 percent of the waste stream. Keeping wholesome and nutritious food in our communities and out of landfills helps communities and the 42 million Americans that live in food insecure households. Reducing food waste also impacts climate change as 20 percent of total U.S. methane emissions come from landfills.
"One of Sodexo's goals as an organization is to contribute to effective and sustainable consumption. To do this, it's crucial that we minimize food waste. In the US, about 40% percent of the food produced is never consumed. We are committing to minimizing food waste throughout every part of our value chain-- "from the field to the fork," said Lorna Donatone, CEO, Sodexo Schools Worldwide and President, Sodexo North America. "This is not only an urgent mission given the high economic, social, and environmental cost of waste, but it also resonates with Sodexo's mission to improve quality of life in every community we serve."
Sodexo has a central role in achieving waste reduction targets and is strengthening its efforts to eliminate food waste at every client site, with a top priority to prevent waste from occurring. Its programs focus on raising awareness first and influencing behaviors of customers and employees, while continuously improving back-of-house processes and upgrading kitchen equipment. Measuring impact and sharing expertise with clients and external industry partners to drive fundamental change on the issue of food waste is seen as equally important.
To further drive action Sodexo has hosted waste reduction training for managers in Texas, Georgia and New Jersey with future sessions planned for California, Arizona and Washington, D.C. Post-training survey results show that 95 percent of attendees leave the training with partial or complete waste reduction implementation plans, and 86 percent indicate that they will implement new practices in their operations. Sodexo food waste experts took company efforts global last year, participating in Expo Milano at the USA Pavilion highlighting best-in-class U.S. waste reduction efforts.
"Reducing food waste is good for business, it's good for the environment and it's good for our communities," said EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy. "We need leaders in every field and every sector to help us reach our food loss goal. That's why we're excited to work with the 2030 Champions and others across the food retail industry as we work together to ensure that we feed families instead of landfills."
The full list of 2030 Champions announced today include Ahold USA, Blue Apron, Bon Appétit Management Company, Campbell Soup Company, Conagra Brands, Delhaize America, General Mills, Kellogg Company, PepsiCo, Sodexo, Unilever, Walmart, Wegman's Food Markets, Weis Markets and YUM! Brands.
Learn more about Sodexo at its corporate blog, Sodexo Insights.
Contact FacilitiesNet Editorial Staff » posted on: 12/6/2016
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Get Sheffield Wednesday essential facts below. View Videos or join the Sheffield Wednesday discussion. Add Sheffield Wednesday to your PopFlock.com topic list for future reference or share this resource on social media.
Association football club
Sheffield Wednesday Football Club
SWFC
1867; 153 years ago (1867) as The Wednesday
Hillsborough Stadium
39,732[1][2][3]
Dejphon Chansiri
Garry Monk[4]
Championship, 12th of 24
Club website
Sheffield Wednesday Football Club is a professional association football club based in Sheffield, England. The team competes in the Championship, the second tier of the English football league system. Formed in 1867 as an offshoot of The Wednesday Cricket Club (itself formed in 1820), they went by the name of the Wednesday Football Club until changing to their current name in 1929.
Wednesday is one of the oldest football clubs in the world of any code, and the third-oldest professional association football club in England.[a] In 1868 its team won the Cromwell Cup, only the second tournament of its kind. They were founding members and inaugural champions of the Football Alliance in 1889, before joining The Football League three years later. In 1992, they became founder members of the Premier League. The team has spent most of its league history in English football's top flight, but they have not played at that level since being relegated in 2000.
The Owls, as they are nicknamed, have won four league titles, three FA Cups, one League Cup and one FA Community Shield. Wednesday have also competed in UEFA cup competitions on four occasions, reaching the quarter-finals of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1963. In 1991, they defeated Manchester United 1-0 in the Football League Cup Final as a tier 2 team. As of 2019 they remain the last team to win one of English football's major trophies while outside the top flight[5]
In the 19th century, they played their matches at several stadiums around central Sheffield, including Olive Grove and Bramall Lane. Since 1899, the club has played all its home matches at Hillsborough stadium, a near-40,000 capacity stadium in the north-west Sheffield suburb of Owlerton.[6][7]
Early years (1867-1889)
A cricket match at Darnall in the 1820s, a ground laid out for The Wednesday Cricket Club.
Although no contemporary evidence has been found to support the claim, it is commonly believed that "The Wednesday Cricket Club" was formed in 1820.[8] Nevertheless, an 1842 article in Bell's Life magazine states the club was founded as far back as 1816.[8]
The club was so named because it was on Wednesdays that the founding members had their day off work. They were initially based at the New Ground in Darnall, and often went by the name of Darnall Wednesday, but also played at Hyde Park. In 1855 they were one of six clubs that helped build Bramall Lane, and held a wicket there for many years.[8]
Famous players to have represented the cricket club include Harry Sampson, who scored 162 on ice in 1841, Tom Marsden, who scored 227 for Sheffield & Leicester vs Nottingham in 1826, and George Ulyett, who represented the club in the first ever international test match before becoming one of only a select band of players who played for both sections of The Wednesday Club.
On the evening of Wednesday 4 September 1867, a meeting was held at the Adelphi Hotel to establish whether there was interest among the club's members to form a football club to keep the team together and fit during the winter months. The proposal proved very popular, with over 60 members signing up for the new team on the first night. They played their first match against The Mechanics on 19 October the same year, winning by three goals and four 'rouges' to nil.[9]
It soon became apparent that football would come to eclipse the cricketing side of the club in terms of popularity--the two sections went their separate ways in 1882 after a dispute over finances, and the cricket club ceased to exist in 1925. On 1 February 1868, Wednesday played their first competitive football match as they entered the Cromwell Cup, a one-off four-team competition for newly formed clubs. A week after their semi-final, they went on to win the cup, beating the Garrick club in the final after extra time, the only goal being scored in diminishing light at Bramall Lane. This was the first recorded instance of a match being settled by a "golden goal" although the term was not in use at the time.[10]
A key figure during the formative years of the football club was Charles Clegg, who joined the Wednesday in 1867. His relationship with the club lasted for the rest of his life and eventually led to his becoming the club's chairman. He also became president and chairman of the Football Association, and was known as the "Napoleon of Football".[11] Clegg played for England in the first-ever international match, against Scotland in November 1872, thereby completing a unique double for the club, who could lay claim to having a player in the first international games of cricket and football.
The Wednesday team in 1878
In 1876 Wednesday acquired Scot James Lang. Although he was not employed by the club, he was given a job by a member of the Sheffield Wednesday board that had no formal duties. He is now acknowledged as the first professional football player in England.[12] With Lang in their team the football club became one of the strongest in the region, a reputation that was cemented when they won the inaugural Sheffield FA Challenge Cup in 1877.
In 1880 the club entered the FA Cup for the first time, and they soon became one of the most respected sides in the country. But although they had had Lang on their books a decade earlier, the club officially remained staunchly amateur, and this stance almost cost the club its very existence.[8] By the middle of the decade, Wednesday's best players were leaving in their droves to join clubs who would pay them, and in January 1887 they lost 0-16 against Halliwell with just 10 players in their team. An emergency meeting was held, and the board members finally agreed to pay its players.[13]
Professional football, English Champions & FA Cup winners (1889-1939)
Sheffield Wednesday players posing with the FA Cup won in 1896
The move to professionalism took the club from Bramall Lane, which had taken a share of the ticket revenue, to the new Olive Grove.[14] In 1889 the club became founder members of the Football Alliance, of which they were the first champions in a season where they also reached the 1890 FA Cup Final, losing 6-1 to Blackburn Rovers at Kennington Oval, London. Despite finishing the following season bottom of the Alliance, they were eventually elected to the expanded Football League in 1892. They won the FA Cup for the first time in 1896, beating Wolverhampton Wanderers 2-1 at Crystal Palace.
Owing to an expansion of the local railway lines, the club was told that they would have to find a new ground for the 1899-1900 season.[13] After a difficult search the club finally bought some land in the village of Owlerton, which at the time was several miles outside the Sheffield city boundaries. Construction of a new stadium (now known as Hillsborough Stadium) was completed within months and the club was secured for the next century. In a strong decade, Wednesday won the League in the 1902-03 and 1903-04 seasons and the FA Cup again in 1907, beating Everton 2-1, again at Crystal Palace. When competitive football was suspended in 1915 because of the outbreak of World War One, the club participated in several regionalised war leagues, until 1919, when normal service was resumed.
They were relegated from the top flight for the first time in 1920, and did not return until 1926, and in the 1927-28 season they looked like going down again before securing a haul of 17 points from their last 10 matches to secure safety. Wednesday went on to win the League title the following season (1928-29), which started a run that saw the team finishing lower than third only once until 1936.[14] The period was topped off with the team winning the FA Cup for the third time in the club's history in 1935. When World War Two began, the club entered non-competitive war leagues, returning to the status quo in 1946.
The yo-yo years (1945-1989)
The 1950s saw Wednesday unable to consistently hold on to a position in the top flight and this period became known as the yo-yo years.[15] After being promoted in 1950 they were relegated three times, although each time they returned to the top flight by winning the Second Division the following season. The decade ended on a high note with the team finishing in the top half of the First Division for the first time since the Second World War.
In 1961, the club ran toe-to-toe with Tottenham Hotspur at the top of the table for the majority of the season - Wednesday became the first team to beat Spurs all season - before finally finishing in second place, which still (as of 2019) remains the club's highest post-war league finish. In 1966 the club reached its fifth FA Cup final, but they were beaten 2-3 by Everton, having led 2-0.
Off the field the club was embroiled in the British betting scandal of 1964 in which three of its players, Peter Swan, David Layne and Tony Kay, were accused of match fixing and betting against their own team in an away game at Ipswich Town. The three were subsequently convicted and, on release from prison, banned from football for life.[16] The three were reprieved in the early 1970s, with Swan and Layne returning to Hillsborough, and, though their careers were virtually over, Swan at least played some league games for The Owls.
Wednesday were relegated at the end of the 1969-70 season; this began the darkest period in the club's history, eventually culminating in the club dropping to the Third Division for the first time in its history, and in 1976 it almost fell into the Fourth Division. It was not until the appointment of Jack Charlton as manager in 1977 that the club started to climb back up the league pyramid. Charlton led the Owls back to the Second Division in 1980 before handing the reins to Howard Wilkinson, who took the club back into the top flight in 1984, after an absence of 14 years.
On 15 April 1989 the club's stadium was the scene of one of the worst sporting tragedies ever, at the FA Cup semi-final between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest, at which 96 Liverpool fans were fatally crushed in the Leppings Lane end of the stadium.[17] The tragedy resulted in many changes at Hillsborough and all other leading stadiums in England; it was required that all capacity should be of seats rather than of terracing for fans to stand,[18] and that perimeter fencing should be removed.[19]
Life at the top of the Premier League & European Football (1989-1995)
In Atkinson's first full season as manager, 1989-90, Sheffield Wednesday finished 18th in the First Division and were relegated on goal difference, despite the acquisition of the talented John Sheridan and the fact they had pulled towards mid-table at one stage of the season. They regained promotion at the first attempt but the real highlight of the season was a League Cup final victory over Atkinson's old club Manchester United. Midfielder Sheridan scored the only goal of the game, which delivered the club's first major trophy since their FA Cup success of 1935. Atkinson moved to Aston Villa shortly after promotion was achieved, and handed over the reins to 37-year-old striker Trevor Francis.
Wednesday finished third in the First Division at the end of the 1991-92 season, booking their place in the following season's UEFA Cup and becoming a founder member of the new FA Premier League.
1992-93 was one of the most eventful seasons in the history of Sheffield Wednesday football club. They finished seventh in the Premier League and reached the finals of both the FA Cup and the League Cup, but were on the losing side to Arsenal in both games, the FA Cup final going to a replay and only settled in the last minute of extra time. This prevented the Owls from making another appearance in European competition. Still, the 1992-93 season established Sheffield Wednesday as a top club. Midfielder Chris Waddle was voted Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year, and the strike partnership of David Hirst and Mark Bright was one of the most feared in the country. Francis was unable to achieve any more success at the club, and two seasons later he was sacked. His successor was former Luton, Leicester and Tottenham manager David Pleat.
David Pleat's first season as Sheffield Wednesday manager was frustrating, as they finished 15th in the Premiership despite an expensively-assembled line-up which included the likes of Marc Degryse, Dejan Stefanovic and Darko Kovacevic - who all had disappointing and short-lived tenures at the club. An excellent start to the 1996-97 season saw the Owls top the Premiership after winning their first four games, and David Pleat was credited Manager of the Month for August 1996. But the club failed to mount a serious title challenge and they faded away to finish seventh in the final table. Pleat was sacked the following November with the club struggling at the wrong end of the Premiership, and Ron Atkinson briefly returned to steer the Owls clear of relegation.
At the end of the 1997-98 season, Ron Atkinson's short-term contract was not renewed and Sheffield Wednesday turned to the Barnsley boss Danny Wilson as their new manager after being given the backword by both Gerard Houllier and Walter Smith who joined Liverpool and Everton respectively. Wilson's first season at the helm brought a slight improvement as they finished 12th in the Premiership. An expensively assembled squad including Paolo Di Canio, Benito Carbone and Wim Jonk failed to live up to the massive wage bill the club was paying and things eventually came to a head when Italian firebrand Di Canio was sent off in a match against Arsenal and proceeded to push the referee on his way off. Danny Wilson was sacked the following March with relegation looking a certainty for the Hillsborough club, following a disastrous season where they had been hammered 8-0 by Newcastle United as early as September. His assistant Peter Shreeves took temporary charge but was unable to stave off relegation.
Modern highs and lows (1995-2012)
The Owls playing in their final away match of the 1999-2000 Premier League season, at Arsenal in May 2000
Wednesday couldn't keep the forward momentum going however, and by the turn of the new millennium again found itself on the brink of relegation - a 3-3 draw at Arsenal in May 2000 was enough to see the Owls tumble into the First Division. Having spent large sums building squads that were ultimately ineffective, the club's finances took a turn for the worse, and in 2003 they were relegated for a second time in four years, to the Second Division.[20]
The club spent two years in the third tier before returning the Championship, Paul Sturrock's side winning promotion via the play-offs in 2005.[21] Ultimately however, the club's perilous financial position ensured another drop to League 1 was not too far away - five years after the play-off win of 2005, the Owls were again relegated to League 1.[22]
Between July and November 2010, Sheffield Wednesday faced a series of winding up orders for unpaid tax and VAT bills, with the club's existence under severe threat.[23][24][25] It was not until 29 November 2010, when businessman Milan Mandari? agreed to buy out the old owners, that the club could move forward.
Fight back to the top (2012-present)
Wednesday supporters celebrating on the pitch, following promotion to The Championship, on 5 May 2012
Mandari? appointed former Wednesday player Gary Megson as manager partway through the 2010-11 season, and while Megson only stayed in the job for a year, what was mostly his side won promotion back to the Championship in May 2012, under the stewardship of new manager Dave Jones.[26]
In 2014 the club was again taken over by a new owner, Thai businessman Dejphon Chansiri, purchasing the club from Milan Mandari? for £37.5m.[27] Chansiri stated his intention to win promotion back to the club for the 2017-18 season - the football club's 150th anniversary - and came close to achieving that goal a year head of schedule, with new coach Carlos Carvalhal leading the club into the end of season play-offs at the end of the 2015-16 season. Wednesday were beaten in the final by Hull City at Wembley. They made the play-offs again the following season, but lost on penalties to the eventually promoted Huddersfield Town in the semi final.[28]
The club were favorites to be promoted in the 2017/18 season, but injuries and poor results saw them drop to the lower half of the table. Carvalhal left by mutual consent in December 2017, and was replaced by Dutch manager Jos Luhukay a month later.[29][30] The team finished in an uneventful 15th place at the end of the season. Luhukay was sacked in December 2018 after a run of only 1 win in 10, which left the team 18th in the table.[31] He was replaced by former Aston Villa boss Steve Bruce who saw an upturn in form to finish 12th. However, Bruce controversially resigned in July 2019 to manage Newcastle United.[32]
On 6 September 2019, the club appointed former Birmingham City manager Garry Monk as the new manager.[33]
Nickname, kits, crest and traditions
In their early years, the club was nicknamed The Blades, a term used for any sporting team from the city of Sheffield, famous the world over for its cutlery and knives. That nickname has been retained by Wednesday's crosstown rivals, Sheffield United.
Although it is widely assumed that the club's nickname changed to The Owls in 1899 after the club's move to Owlerton, it was not until 1912, when Wednesday player George Robertson presented the club with an owl mascot, that the name took hold. A monkey mascot introduced some years earlier had not brought much luck.[34]
The Wednesday's home shirt of 1871. It is assumed that these were the original colours used by the team.
Since its founding the club has played their home games in blue and white shirts, traditionally in vertical stripes. However, this has not always been the case and there have been variations upon the theme. A monochrome photograph from 1874-75 shows the Wednesday team in plain dark shirts,[35] while the 1871 "Rules of the Sheffield Football Association" listed the Wednesday club colours as blue and white hoops.[14] A quartered blue and white design was used in 1887 and a blue shirt with white sleeves between 1965 and 1973.[36] Wednesday's socks have been predominantly black, blue or white throughout their history.
The club's away strip has changed regularly over the years. Traditionally, white was the second choice for many teams, including Wednesday, although the club has used a multitude of colours for its change strip over the years, including yellow, black, silver, green and orange.
Since 1912, the owl has become a theme that has run throughout the club. The original club crest was introduced in 1956[37] and consisted of a shield showing a traditionally drawn owl perched on a branch. The White Rose of York[38] was depicted below the branch alluding to the home county of Yorkshire and the sheaves of Sheffield (Sheaf field) were shown at either side of the owl's head. The club's Latin motto, Consilio et Animis, was displayed beneath the shield.[37] This translates into English as "By Wisdom and Courage".[39]
The crest was changed in 1970 to a minimalist version designed by a local art student, and this logo was used by the club, with variations, until 1995, when it was replaced by a similar design to the original crest. It again featured a traditionally drawn owl perched on a branch although the design of both had changed. The sheaves were replaced by a stylised SWFC logo that had been in use on club merchandise for several years prior to the introduction of the new crest. The Yorkshire Rose was moved to above the owl's head to make way for the words Sheffield Wednesday. The word Hillsborough was also curved around the top of the design. The club motto was absent on the new design. The crest was encased in a new shape of shield. This crest remained in use for only a few years, during which several versions were used with different colours, including a white crest with blue stripes down either side and the colouring of the detail inverted.[40]
In 1999, the minimalist version was brought back, albeit inside a crest, and with the addition of a copyright symbol in 2002.[37] In 2016, new owner Dejphon Chansiri again changed the club crest, opting for a similar design to the 1956 badge.
Ozzie Owl, the primary club mascot
Over the years Sheffield Wednesday have had several Owl themed matchday mascots. Originally it was Ozzie the Owl and later two further Owls, Baz & Ollie were added. All three were replaced in 2006 by Barney Owl, a similar looking owl but with more defined eyes to make it look cuter. Ozzie Owl was reintroduced as Wednesday's main mascot during the home game with Charlton Athletic on 17 January 2009. The current mascots are Ozzie and Barney Owl. In 2012, Ollie Owl also made his return to the scene, as the club announced him Mascot for the Owls work with children in the local community.
Past stadiums
Originally, Wednesday played matches at Highfield, but moved several times before adopting a permanent ground. Other locations included Myrtle Road, Heeley and Hunter's Bar. Major matches were played at Sheaf House or Bramall Lane, before Sheffield United made it their home ground.[13] Sheffield Wednesday's first permanent home ground was at Olive Grove, a site near Queen's Road originally leased from the Duke of Norfolk. The first game at Olive Grove was a 4-4 draw with Blackburn Rovers on 12 September 1887. Extensions to the adjacent railway forced the club to move to their current ground in 1899.
Since 1899 Wednesday have played their home games at Hillsborough Stadium in the Owlerton district of Sheffield. The stadium was originally named Owlerton Stadium but in 1914 Owlerton became part of the parliamentary constituency of Hillsborough and the ground took on its current name.[1] With 39,732 seats, Hillsborough has the third highest capacity of stadiums in Championship, and the 12th highest in England. The club intended to increase Hillsborough's capacity to 44,825 by 2012 and 50,000 by 2016 and make several other improvements in the process, but due to England's failed World Cup bid, this is now not the case.[41]
The stadium has hosted FIFA World Cup football (1966), The 1996 European Championships (Euro 96) and 27 FA Cup Semi-finals. The Kop at Hillsborough was re-opened in 1986 by Queen Elizabeth II and was once the largest covered stand of any football stadium in Europe.[42]
On 15 April 1989 at an FA Cup semi-final between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest, 96 Liverpool fans were crushed to death after the terraces at the Leppings Lane end of the ground became overcrowded, in what became known as the Hillsborough disaster. The following report concluded that the root cause of the disaster was the failure of local police to adequately manage the crowds.[43][44] A memorial to the victims of the disaster stands outside Hillsborough's South Stand, near the main entrance on Parkside Road. After many years of dispute about the facts, in June 2017 six men responsible for safety were charged with criminal offences including manslaughter and misconduct in public office.[45]
Panorama of Hillsborough Stadium in 2009
Wednesday fans at Hillsborough in 2015
The club's move to Owlerton in 1899 was a risky one as it moved the club several miles away from the city centre, but the loyal followers continued to make the journey to the new ground and the club has been one of the best supported in England ever since, although official attendances weren't taken at Football League games until the 1920s.
The club's highest average attendance over the course of a season was 42,530 in 1952-53, when gates across the country were at their highest. The lowest average attendance in the Owls' history came in 1978-79, when an average of just 10,643 fans turned out to watch their side.
In 1992 Wednesday were the fourth best supported team in the country, but although that ranking has come down since relegation from the Premier League in 2000, the club still has still enjoyed crowds of well over 20,000 since then, and was the best supported club outside the top flight in 2006.[46][47][48]
At the 2005 playoff final, Wednesday took over 39,000 fans to the Millennium Stadium.[49] In 2016, Sheffield Wednesday took over 38,000 fans to Wembley for a play-off final defeat by Hull City, selling substantially more seats than their counterparts many of whom boycotted the game. The Owls have managed to average 30000 at home in the last 60 years. The FA Cup Final seasons in 1965/6 30000 and 1966/7 31000 plus 32000 when coming League Championship Runners Up in 1960/61.
Sheffield Wednesday have had a large variety of fanzines over the years; examples include Just Another Wednesday, Out of the Blue, Spitting Feathers, Boddle, A View From The East Bank, Cheat! and War of the Monster Trucks, which acquired its name from the programme that Yorkshire Television elected to show instead of the celebrations after the 1991 League Cup victory over Manchester United.[50]
There are several online message boards dedicated to discussions on the club, including Owlstalk, OwlsOnline and OwlsMad.
Wednesday vs United just before the 2012 league fixture at Hillsborough. Wednesday won 1-0 and went on to pip their rivals to promotion
Sheffield Wednesday's main rivals are city neighbours Sheffield United. Matches between these two clubs are nicknamed Steel City derbies, so called because of the steel industry for which the city of Sheffield is famous.
United were formed in 1889 by the committee at Bramall Lane, who had lost their biggest source of income - Wednesday - two years earlier over a dispute concerning pitch rent. As well as playing at Wednesday's former ground, United also took Wednesday's former nickname, the Blades, as their own. The first derby game took place on 15 December 1890, with Wednesday winning 2-1 at Olive Grove.
The 1993 FA Cup semi-final match which took place at Wembley on 3 April 1993. Initially, it was announced that the match was scheduled to take place at Elland Road but this was met with dismay by both sets of fans. After a re-think, the Football Association decided to switch venue to Wembley. A crowd of 75,365 supporters made the trip down to London to watch Wednesday beat United 2-1 after extra time in a match which Wednesday dominated heavily.
First Division/Premier League (4)
Champions: 1902-03, 1903-04, 1928-29, 1929-30
Runners-up: 1960-61
Second Division/Championship (5)
Champions: 1899-1900, 1925-26, 1951-52, 1955-56, 1958-59
Runners-up: 1949-50, 1983-84
Promoted: 1990-91
Third Division/League One:
Promoted: 1979-80, 2004-05 (play-off winners)
Football Alliance (1)
Winners: 1889-90
Winners: 1895-96, 1906-07, 1934-35
Runners-up: 1889-90, 1965-66, 1992-93
Football League Cup (1)
FA Community Shield (1)
Winners: 1935
Runners-up: 1930
Sheriff of London Charity Shield:
European record
1961-62 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup First round Lyon 5-2 2-4 7-6
Second round Roma 4-0 0-1 4-1
Quarter-final Barcelona 3-2 0-2 3-4
1963-64 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup First round DOS 4-1 4-1 8-2
Second round Köln 1-2 2-3 3-5
1992-93 UEFA Cup First round Spora Luxembourg 8-1 2-1 10-2
Second round Kaiserslautern 2-2 1-3 3-5
1995-96 UEFA Intertoto Cup Group stage FC Basel N/A 0-1 N/A
Górnik Zabrze 3-2 N/A N/A
Karlsruher SC N/A 1-1 N/A
AGF Aarhus 3-1 N/A N/A
Historical league position since 1892-93
Wednesday's biggest recorded win was a 12-0 victory over Halliwell in the first round of the FA Cup on 18 January 1891. The biggest league win was against Birmingham City in Division 1 on 13 December 1930; Wednesday won 9-1. Both of these wins occurred at home.
The heaviest defeat was away from home against Aston Villa in a Division 1 match on 5 October 1912 which Wednesday lost 10-0.
The most goals scored by the club in a season was the 106 scored in the 1958-59 season. The club accumulated their highest league points total in the 2011-12 season when they racked up 93 points.
The highest home attendance was in the FA Cup fifth round on 17 February 1934. A total of 72,841 turned up to see a 2-2 draw with Manchester City. Unfortunately for Wednesday, they went on to lose the replay 2-0. Manchester City won the FA Cup that season.
The most capped Englishman to play for the club was goalkeeper Ron Springett who won 33 caps while at Sheffield Wednesday. Springett also held the overall record for most capped Sheffield Wednesday player until Nigel Worthington broke the record, eventually gaining a total of 50 caps for Northern Ireland whilst at the club.
The fastest sending off in British league football is held by Sheffield Wednesday goalkeeper Kevin Pressman - who was sent off after just 13 seconds for handling a shot from Wolverhampton's Temuri Ketsbaia outside the area during the opening weekend of 2000.[51]
The fastest shot ever recorded in the Premier League was hit by David Hirst against Arsenal at Highbury in September 1996 - Hirst hit the bar with a shot clocked at 114 mph.
Former players and managers
A list of former players can be found at List of Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players.
Notable managers
Only managers with over 200 games in charge are included. For the complete list see List of Sheffield Wednesday F.C. managers.
Arthur Dickinson 1 August 1891 31 May 1920 919 393 338 188 42.27%
Robert Brown 1 June 1920 1 December 1933 600 266 199 135 44.33%
Eric Taylor 1 April 1942 31 July 1958 539 196 215 128 36.36%
Jack Charlton 8 October 1977 27 May 1983 269 105 77 87 39.03%
Howard Wilkinson 24 June 1983 10 October 1988 255 114 73 68 44.70%
Trevor Francis 7 June 1991 20 May 1995 214 88 58 68 41.12%
Dickinson, who was in charge for 29 years, is Wednesday's longest-serving manager, and helped establish the club during the first two decades of the 20th century.
Brown succeeded Dickinson and remained in charge for 13 years; in 1930 he secured their most recent top division league title to date.
Taylor took over during the Second World War and remained in charge until 1958, but failed to win a major trophy, even though Wednesday were in the top flight for most of his reign.
Charlton took Wednesday out of the Third Division in 1980 and in his final season (1982-83) he took them to the semi-finals of the FA Cup.
Wilkinson succeeded Charlton in the summer of 1983 and was in charge for more than five years before he moved to Leeds United. His first season saw Wednesday gain promotion to the First Division after a 14-year exile. He guided them to a fifth-place finish in 1986, but Wednesday were unable to compete in the 1986-87 UEFA Cup due to the ban on English teams in European competitions due to the Heysel Disaster of 1985.
Francis took over as player-manager in June 1991 after Ron Atkinson (who had just guided them to Football League Cup glory and promotion to the First Division) departed to Aston Villa. He guided them to third place in the league in 1992, and earned them a UEFA Cup place. They finished seventh in the inaugural Premier League and were runners-up of the FA Cup and League Cup that year. He was sacked in 1995 after Wednesday finished 13th - their lowest standing in four years since winning promotion.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
1 GK Keiren Westwood
2 DF Liam Palmer
3 DF Morgan Fox
5 MF Kieran Lee
6 FW Jordan Rhodes
7 MF Kadeem Harris
8 MF Joey Pelupessy
9 FW Steven Fletcher
10 MF Barry Bannan (vice-captain)
11 FW Sam Winnall
13 DF Julian Börner
14 MF Jacob Murphy (on loan from Newcastle United)
15 DF Tom Lees (captain)
17 FW Atdhe Nuhiu
20 MF Adam Reach
21 MF Massimo Luongo
22 DF Moses Odubajo
23 MF Sam Hutchinson
25 GK Cameron Dawson
26 DF David Bates (on loan from Hamburger SV)
27 DF Dominic Iorfa
28 GK Joe Wildsmith
36 GK Paul Jones
45 FW Fernando Forestieri
4 DF Joost van Aken (at VfL Osnabrück)
42 DF Matt Penney (at FC St. Pauli)
Chairman and directors
^ Excluding clubs with informal or disputed foundation dates
^ a b "Hillsborough Stadium - About Hillsborough". Sheffield Wednesday Football Club. 26 June 2012. Archived from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 2014.
^ Wright, Oliver (23 May 2014). "Hillsborough: The changing face of a tragic stadium". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 2016.
^ "Ranking all 54 stadiums in Premier League history - where does Upton Park feature?". The Daily Telegraph. London: Telegraph Media Group. 10 May 2016. Retrieved 2016.
^ "Garry Monk confirmed as Wednesday boss". Sheffield Wednesday. Retrieved 2019.
^ "Man United and Arsenal's SHOCK defeats: When teams outside the top flight reach cup finals". 24 January 2012.
^ "Dave Jones to manage Sheffield Wednesday". BBC Sport. Retrieved 2012.
^ "Hillsborough". Sheffield Wednesday F.C. Archived from the original on 6 March 2009.
^ a b c d Dickinson, Jason (2015). The Origins of Sheffield Wednesday. Amberley Publishing.
^ Farnsworth, Keith (1995). Sheffield Football A History: Volume 1 1857-1861. Hallamshire Press. ISBN 1-874718-13-X.
^ "The Cromwell Cup". Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 2006.
^ "Players, Managers and Administrators". Sheffield Wednesday official website. Archived from the original on 2 May 2008. Retrieved 2008.
^ "In the Beginning". FL Interactive Limited. Archived from the original on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 2009.
^ a b c Farnsworth, Keith (1982). Wednesday!. Sheffield City Libraries.
^ a b c Young, Percy M. (1962). Football in Sheffield. S. Paul.
^ Adrian Bullock's Sheffield Wednesday Archive 1950s > yo-yo years.
^ Broadbent, Rick (22 July 2006). "Swan still reduced to tears by the fix that came unstuck". The Times. London. Retrieved 2009.
^ "BBC ON THIS DAY | 1989: Football fans crushed at Hillsborough". BBC News. 15 April 1945. Retrieved 2013.
^ "Hillsborough Thatcher files to be released by June 2012". BBC. 30 November 2011. Retrieved 2013.
^ Bolton, Andy (2 May 2012). "No.10 Hillsborough disaster | New Civil Engineer". Nce.co.uk. Retrieved 2013.
^ "Sheffield Wednesday". London: Guardian Unlimited fanzines. 20 November 2001. Retrieved 2008.
^ "Brighton 0-2 Sheff Wed". BBC. 17 April 2006. Retrieved 2006.
^ Fletcher, Paul (2 May 2010). "Sheff Wed 2 - 2 Crystal Palace". BBC. Retrieved 2011.
^ "Sheffield Wednesday served winding up order by HMRC". BBC Sport. 23 July 2010. Retrieved 2011.
^ "Sheffield Wednesday broker deal to avoid administration". BBC Sport. 7 September 2010. Retrieved 2011.
^ "Sheffield Wednesday served with second winding-up order". BBC Sport. 9 November 2010. Retrieved 2011.
^ "Spirited End at Wednesday's Party". Wycombe Wanderers Trust. 5 May 2012. Retrieved 2012. [permanent dead link]
^ "Sheffield Wednesday: Dejphon Chansiri targets Premier League". BBC Sport. 2 March 2015.
^ Sheffield Wednesday 1-1 Huddersfield Town, BBS Sport, 17 May 2017
^ "Sheffield Wednesday part company with boss Carlos Carvalhal". BBC Sport. 24 December 2017.
^ "Jos Luhukay: Sheffield Wednesday name new manager". BBC Sport. 5 January 2018.
^ "Club statement".
^ Jackson, Jamie (17 July 2019). "Sheffield Wednesday take legal advice after Newcastle appoint Steve Bruce". The Guardian.
^ "Garry Monk: Sheffield Wednesday appoint ex-Birmingham City boss as manager". BBC Sport. 6 September 2019.
^ Dickenson, Jason. One Hundred Years at Hillsborough.
^ Spalding, Richard A. (1926). Romance of the Wednesday. Desert Island Books. ISBN 1-874287-17-1.
^ Bickerton, Bob (1998). Club Colours. Hamlyn. ISBN 0-600-59542-0.
^ a b c "Sheffield Wednesday F.C. Crest & Club History". Footballcrests.com. 27 November 2003. Retrieved 2013.
^ "1962 - Football Clubs and Badges card Sheffield Wednesday". Mike Duggan. Archived from the original on 27 December 2007. Retrieved 2007.
^ "Facts and Figures". Sheffield Wednesday official website. Archived from the original on 17 April 2008. Retrieved 2008.
^ "The Club Crest". A. Drake. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 2006.
^ Hillsborough - a vision of the future Archived 20 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
^ "The ASD Lighting Kop". Sheffield Wednesday Football Club. Archived from the original on 8 August 2008. Retrieved 2008.
^ "The Hillsborough Football Disaster". Hillsborough Justice Campaign. Retrieved 2006.
^ "Information relating to the Hillsborough Stadium incident 15 April 1989". Health & Safety Executive. Retrieved 2006.
^ Conn, David (28 June 2017). "Hillsborough disaster: six people, including David Duckenfield, charged". The Guardian. Retrieved 2017.
^ "Best Supporters". Sheffield Wednesday official website. 23 May 2006. Retrieved 2008. [permanent dead link]
^ "2003-2004 Division Two average attendances". Sheffield Wednesday Football Club. Retrieved 2009. [permanent dead link]
^ "2004-2005 League 1 average attendances". Sheffield Wednesday Football Club. Retrieved 2009. [permanent dead link]
^ "Sturrock salutes fans". BBC News. 29 May 2005. Retrieved 2006.
^ "About War of the Monster Trucks". The Guardian. London. 20 November 2001. Retrieved 2008.
^ "Pressman sent for earliest ever bath". BBC. 13 August 2000. Retrieved 2008.
Allen, Paul; Naylor, Douglas (2005). Flying with the Owls Crime Squad. London: John Blake. ISBN 1-84454-093-6.
Brodie, Eric; Troilett, Allan. Jackie Robinson Story, The. ISBN 0-9547264-2-1.
Dickinson, Jason (1999). One Hundred Years at Hillsborough, 2nd September 1899-1999. Sheffield: Hallamshire Press in association with Sheffield Wednesday Football Club. ISBN 1-874718-29-6.
Dooley, Derek; Farnsworth, Keith (2000). Dooley!: The Autobiography of a Soccer Legend. Sheffield: Hallamshire. ISBN 1-874718-59-8.
Farnsworth, Keith (1987). Sheffield Wednesday Football Club: A Complete Record, 1867-1987. Derby: Breedon. ISBN 0-907969-25-9.
Farnsworth, Keith (1998). Wednesday: Every Day of the Week - An Oral History of the Owls. Derby: Breedon Books. ISBN 1-85983-131-1.
Firth, John (2009). I Hate Football - A Sheffield Wednesday Fan's Memoir. Derbyshire: Peakpublish. ISBN 978-1-907219-02-3.
Gordon, Daniel (2002). Blue-and-white-wizards: The Sheffield Wednesday Dream Team. Edinburgh: Mainstream. ISBN 1-84018-680-1.
Hayes, Dean (1997). Hillsborough Encyclopaedia, The: A-Z of Sheffield Wednesday. Edinburgh: Mainstream Pub. ISBN 1-85158-960-0.
Johnson, Nick (December 2003). Sheffield Wednesday 1867-1967. ISBN 0-7524-2720-2.
Liversidge, Michael; Mackender, Gary. Sheffield Wednesday, Illustrating the Greats. ISBN 0-9547264-5-6.
Waring, Peter (2004). Sheffield Wednesday Head to Head. Derby: Breedon. ISBN 1-85983-417-5.
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Sheffield_Wednesday


PS4-AIO with 5.05 support released. This tool contains mod tools for all of the Call of Duty games on PS4 along with Peek Poke tools and payload injecting, UI editor and FTP browser. Here's a new video covering the tool.


Dante stirred from his slumber as the cloak dropped around them. Blinking back the sleep, he caught sight of the twisted roots at their feet, a mesh of thick vines wrapped in sinew. His body trembled with a cry that never came, as his mother's reassurance washed over him.
Ahead of them, a dark hill rose against the dusk sky, a giant bulge of interconnected fibres that caused Dante's stomach to lurch when he realised just how high they were. He could see the town to the right, a distant cluster of streetlights and houses, and, east of it, the towers of the Theatre and the rooftop gardens of the Ritches Estate.
He dropped from his mother's back and caught her waist to steady himself. The path below was made up of the same bundle of roots and wires as the rest of the hill. Finding his balance, he dared a look back at the way they came. In his heart, he already knew the truth, but he had to see it with his own eyes, just to be sure.
The path ran down the hillside to the top of the Fourth Wall, which curved away beneath them until the dark shadows of Torhout Forest rose to devour it. And, as his eyes moved from the mark of Malkuth's expansion to that of the Donara, he caught sight of the smoke, the churning black columns of destruction that rose from the place he had called home. There were at least half a dozen of them, each one alive with the light of dancing hellfire. Dante's breath caught in his throat.
His mother tugged at his jacket. "Focus on the path ahead," she said.
A flash of white drew his attention to the horizon as a shard of moonlight peeked out from between the clouds to survey the destruction. Shivering at the hint of Theia's curse, Dante turned away. Ahead of him, his mother moved into a narrow crevice in the hillside, a tangle of petrified vines that reached out to engulf her. Afraid of losing her to the dark, he hurried after her.
The cavern walls were like nothing he knew from the world below. Each of the vines was made from smaller threads, woven together like rope, looking less like dirt or rock and more like the stringy insides of a pumpkin, drained of life and colour.
There was only one place they could be.
"This is the Scar," he said.


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Palm Oil Fuel ?
Thought you all would get a bang out of this.
URL - http://webcrawler-news.excite.com/news/r/010504/07/odd-king-dc
King Seeks Patent for Palm Oil Engine Fuel
Updated 7:54 AM ET May 4, 2001
BANGKOK (Reuters) - Thailand's King Bhumibol Adulyadej has applied for a patent on a formula for using palm oil which could fuel diesel engines, helping to cut pollution and save on oil imports, officials said on Friday.
Santi Rattanasuwan, deputy director-general of the intellectual property department, told Reuters the king had found that a special mixture of palm and diesel oil could be used in diesel engines without the need for modifications or a filter.
"This will be a great help for the country," Santi said.
"The concept of using palm oil as engine fuel is not new. Many people have talked about it, tested it and failed.
"But the king's formula, which he tested and proved himself, works well with the engine," Santi said.
Industry Minister Suriya Jungrungreangkit said the ministry would ask the state-run Petroleum Authority of Thailand to assist with producing the palm oil formula fuel so it could be sold in Thailand at low cost.
Re: Palm Oil Fuel ?
dave /
hehe that's amusing to hear that apparently their king is some sort of chemist. it's hard to believe how just how much royalty is esteemed in thailand when here in the states our president is made out to be such a blooming idiot by just about everyone (exaggeration - i don't know politics and i don't think i want to).
and with all the pollution in urban thailand they could certainly use something cleaner.
rock on thailand
khawp khun khap
Chris Robertson /
I remember reading in the local newspaper a little while back about a guy in Montreal who had a car that ran on vegetable oil. Apparently it isn't very hard to convert a diesel engine to work with oil.
Some of my colleagues at work went on a business trip to Thailand last summer. The Thai king really does invent stuff, too. The people there LOVE their royalty. If someone were to openly slag the king, or princess (or whatever) he would probably get into a fight!
Hellcat Carrie /
Here, on the other hand, the president really IS an idiot.
>>I remember reading in the local newspaper a little while back about a guy in Montreal who had a car that ran on vegetable oil. Apparently it isn't very hard to convert a diesel engine to work with oil.<<
You don't even have to convert the engine, not one bit - I know a guy with an old VW Rabbit Diesel who runs this stuff.
As fer how it's made....
Easy, mix vegetable oil with the correct proportion of methanol and let it blend some in a container - you end up with VegeDiesel aka "BioDiesel" which will run in any common Diesel engine, and some crud in the bottom of the container, which is actually a glycerine-base soap you can wash the vehicle with, and is easy on your hands too.
Tis a cheap, no-waste proposition, really.
brazil used to make cars called "brasilia" (basically vw, but made in brazil). those ran on ethanol from sugar cane and/or corn. those were made in the 70s. but then bolivia started selling the brazilians petrolium and natural gas ... and they found some and drilled themselves ... so that project ended. too bad.
Ken /
Now Carrie, be nice. Our president is not an idiot. He may be a simpleton but I don't think they have to wipe the drool from his chin and wipe the other parts of his body for him.....Yet.
There was a story in the news about ten years ago about a guy who was driving across the country with his diesel car that had been converted to run on vegetable oil. He was getting the old oil from McDonalds along the way. He said you have to be very careful and not use animal fat because it would gum up the works. Come to find out, soon after that, McDonalds announced they had been using beef fat for their fries. So much for that theory.


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Home > President Bashar Al-Assad > speeches > 2008
PRESIDENT ASSAD/ INDIA VISIT STATEMNETS ( June 18, 2008)
"India has always played its role in the interest of the Arab Right. All today speak of India's emerging role in the field of development as a country which can provide its experience to the developing countries." said President Al-Assad
"Syria has always been for peace, worked and would work in the future for the realization of the just and comprehensive peace. The problem, however, is that during the latest years, the current US Administration has been paying no interest for the launching the process of peace."
"Syria regards India as a very basic player in Asia as well as in the world. It is not possible to separate the problem in the Middle East from the problems facing the entire world; they are problems related to freedom, stability, security, and sovereignty."
"Syria is a very important country in the region, the Arab and regional surrounding; and has ever played her positive role in finding solutions for the region issues."
Addressing the gathering of 'India-Syria Industrial & Economic Cooperation' Forum, H. E. President Al-Assad shared his agony arising out of "consecutive wars" in the Arab world, and hoped for early peace and stability in the region. "Consecutive wars and ongoing conflicts, which continue to cause immense human suffering and violence, only strengthen our resolve to achieve peace and stability,"
Category: Speeches / 2008
PRESIDENT ASSAD/ THE BASP CENTRAL COMMAND SPEECH ( April 20, 2008)
H.E. President Bashar Al-Assad presided on the 20th of April 2008 the Central Command of the Baath Arab Socialist Party (BASP) meetings asserting the need for bolstering the BASP interaction with the Syrians in an atmosphere of self and constructive criticism, highlighting the need for tackling the Syrian Citizens' living conditions and concerns. H. E. President Al-Assad asserted that the BASP is at the service of the Syrians' needs and aspirations calling for an objective evaluation of what has been achieved in Syria at the economic and development fields as to improve and better the live conditions of the Syrians evading the negative consequences of world economic upheavals resulting for the irrational policies adopted by some international forces which have led to price- skyrocketing.
" The more our steadfastness and cling to our Arabism are clear, the more fierce are the campaigns against us. We, however, have decided that the resistance and forbearing are our strategic decision to which we cling." said the President.
" The success of the Arab Summit was the success for all Arabs and for their keenness on Arab Solidarity; as much as it was the success for us in Syria in securing the climate for accord and solidarity. This very success is further the success for every believer in the Arab capacity to make victory against whatever plots hatched against them; in a proof that responding to the Arab public opinion pulse is more important and enduring than turning to any foreign side to get strengthened. This is what we are to follow in the future through our presidency of Arab Summit." added President Al-Assad.
PRESIDENT ASSAD/ DAMASCUS ARAB SUMMIT SPEECH ( March 29, 2008)
DAMASCUS, (March29th 2008)- His Excellency President Bashar Al-Assad declared here today morning the 20th Arab Summit opened with a landmark speech, in which H.E. outlined the main guidelines for joint Arab action in bolstering of growth, development, solidarity, cooperation, coordination and search for just and comprehensive peace on the bases of related UN Security Council resolutions, legitimacy and Arab Peace Initiative. Here is the full text of the speech:
Welcome to Syria, who receives you with all Love, appreciations and hope that this meeting among the brethrens would be that of goodness to the Arab Nation, whose sons aspire for the realization of solidarity, dignity, and prosperity during a difficult period of its modern history. The convening of the Arab Summit in Syria in this critical phase is an honour and a great responsibility, of which we are proud, out of our deep faith in the importance of joint Arab Action, and its vitality for our Arab Nation, as to occupy the suitable place in the world of today. We have left no stone unturned as to prepare the appropriate conditions to make of this Summit a success; sought as to surmount many of the obstacles hindering its way; especially that we ,all, are aware of the difficulty of this phase and the exact developments witnessed by our region. It is no exaggeration to say that we are no more on the brink of danger, but rather in its midst ; where we fell the direct consequences of the danger upon our countries and people. Every day passes without taking a decisive decision in the interest of our national interests would make of any bid as to evade the catastrophic outcomes impossible.
PRESIDENT ASSAD/ DAMASCUS THE CAPITAL FOR ARAB CULTURE SPEECH ( January 19, 2008)
DAMASCUS JANUARY 19 2008, His Excellency President Bashar Al-Assad delivered the following speech here today at the opening ceremony of Damascus Celebrations as the capital of Arab Culture for the year 2008:
Any talk of the Arab Culture should consider the Arab Language as its solid foundation; therefore, we should upgrade this language; the language of the Holy Quran which draws the attention of hundreds of millions; the very language in which half of the world history, the history of the world science and literature is written. Our language is that of the great poetry, thinking, philosophy and science. It is also so important to learn the living languages as to get acquainted with the accomplishments of human progress. This, however, does not mean to disregard our national language, nor to feel inferior before others. We have to be proud of our Arabic Language. Such a pride necessitates the enrichment of our language with all types of knowledge invention as to bolster its vitality, internationality, reactivating its role in the process of human awareness. There is no identity without language, and no homeland without an identity.


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Q: How to get money value from string using PHP Is there a simple way to extract the money amount from a string using php?
For example, I have $1,419.99
I want to get in return 1419.99
Another example, I have $1,321
I want to get 1321 back.
I know I can manually remove $ and , but is there a way using something like preg_match to grab all the numbers and if any thing after the decimal, grab that as well and just return the number with no , or dollar sign? Seems like a simple solution but for some reason my mind is not wrapping around this.

A: Checkout NumberFormatter::parseCurrency
Here's the link to PHP documentation for it

A: yes you can used explode function. Like
$amount = '$1,419.99';
$money = explode('$', $amount);
echo $money[1];

Results: 1,419.99

A: Hi If you want to use regular expression, you can try the below code
$amount = '$1,419.99';
$amount = preg_replace('/[^.a-zA-Z0-9]/s', '', $amount );
echo $amount;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We are excited to announce the Minions Run 2015 – a virtual 5K for Variety – the Children's Charity!
Register at www.minionsrun.com and run at your own pace! A virtual 5K means you can run whenever and wherever you like and still get an awesome finisher's medal and a cool e-bib personalized with your name – perfect for bragging on social media how much fun you had running for the children of Variety!


text:
@interface MTTSearchShowMoreCell : UITableViewCell

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Stephanie Braganza
Stephanie has been performing and singing since the age of twelve. She was chosen for lead roles in the musicals Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat & Godspell. She has studied with great mentors such as Juno award winner Rik Emmett (Triumph), Pat LaBarbera, and Trish Colter. Her hard work earned her a Scholarship for the Vocal Program at Humber College where she graduated. Stephanie co-wrote her debut album, "Unexpected" with composer/guitarist Colin Stewart, focusing on creating music with a message.
Stephanie Braganza's powerful vocals include elements of pop, electro, and dance. V-MIX TV hosted the worldwide video premiere of her first international single "2 Good 2 Be". "2 Good 2 Be" is featured on the international CD compilation – Goa Chillout Zone Vol.5. available on iTunes and other download services. Her track "Fantasy" reached #5 on BeatsDigital.com charts, and she has performed with rap artist Belly and Ginuwine at the Muchmusic Video Awards.
Stephanie Braganza's current international single and video is "When We Last Kissed" feat. Drega. The single was produced by her team who have years of experience on the Toronto scene, having worked/performed with artists such as Drake, The Weeknd and more. The music video was directed by Award winning singer-songwriter Skye Sweetnam. The video treatment was written by Stephanie, Colin Stewart and Skye.
Stephanie and her team are currently busy creating her next single and video.
You can find out more about Stephanie at her website, Facebook Page, Twitter Feed, and her YouTube Channel.
You can watch the video to brand new single "When We Last Kissed" right here:
Sara Broman
A Stockholm native, Sara Broman spent the majority of her life in Sweden, while spending the past ten years traveling and exploring the world and herself in India, South-east Asia, Nepal, the Dominican Republic, North America and Europe.
Bae Kuang
Bae(Hao-Yue Kuang) is a Pop/Jazz singer/songwriter and a composer for film/TV from China mainland who has recently released her first official EP "These Darling Wings" in the style of Norah Jones, Corinne Bailey Rae and a little bit of Bjork.
J H Unlimited
As a multi-instrumentalist and composer, J H Unlimited has many influences ranging from Prog, Indie, Classical, Metal, Pop, to Folk, as well as Acoustic instrumentals and stylings.


Bird ringer Robin Teifel caught this male Village Weaver with an unusually dark head on 23 October 2011. It was caught in his garden (26 52'51"E and 33 30'05"S) just outside of Bathurst in the Eastern Cape. The dark eye indicates that this is a young male (see eye colours in weavers here. Young males may have some grey on the head, but this is the darkest grey head I have seen. It will be interesting to see if this individual develops a black head as an adult.
Previous record of black-headed Village Weaver: see here.


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Criminal bar adds to regulator's woes over training reform
The Criminal Bar Association has added its voice to concerns over the Bar Standards Board proposals for training reform, suggesting vocational aspects should be given more 'flexibility'.
In its response to the BSB's Future Training to the Bar consultation, the CBA said it agrees 'broadly' with the Bar Council's position. Last month, the council submitted its own response claiming that the proposals miss a 'long-awaited opportunity for reform'.
The CBA said: 'What rightly underlies that response is that the current model of necessary vocational training for intended practising barristers is not fit for purpose.'
Currently, trainees undergo three training stages: academic education, vocational training and work-based training, in a 30-week course.
However instead of one course, the Bar Council/Council of the Inns of Court suggest splitting the existing syllabus of the bar professional training course (BPTC) into two parts.
Part 1 would be knowledge-based, and would include the option for private study, while part 2 would cover skill-based work including advocacy. The council said by splitting the course into two stages the current high costs of training would be alleviated.
Candidates, according to the council, could use part 1 as an early signal of aptitude before they incur greater fees and expenses by moving onto the second 'more expensive' part.
The CBA broadly agrees with those proposals but added that the flexibility of the vocational stage of training should also be assessed.
It said vocational training is accessible without the need for students to have any relevant and accredited experience of delivering legal services.
'We submit it would be invaluable for intending bar students to access such work-based practical opportunities prior to commencing the formal path of the BPTC,' it said.
The CBA's response appeared in a weekly note published on its website by chair Francis FitzGibbon. FitzGibbon also echoed concerns he aired in an article for The Times last week in which he described the bar as 'withering from the bottom up'.


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Willmar Man Working In Garage, 41, Dies After Bullet Strikes HimThe victim was found on the 1000 block of Fourth Street Southwest at about 7:40 p.m. Family members said they saw the 41-year-old man, who was working in his garage, collapse suddenly.
Minnesota National Guard Sends 850 Troops To Washington D.C.After reviewing the threats to its own state, Minnesota decided it could significantly increase its contribution and will send 850 Guard rather than the 130 initially tapped to go.
Police: 176 Grams Of Meth Removed In Hibbing, Three Arrested
Filed Under:Heroin, Methamphetamine, St. Louis County Jail
MINNEAPOLIS (WCCO) — In the past three days, police have removed over 176 grams of suspected methamphetamine in the city of Hibbing.
On Monday at 9:16 p.m., officers from the Hibbing Police Department responded to an accident on Mitchell Bridge. The person who reported the incident said the driver had removed a backpack from the car and placed it over the nearby guard rail.
When they arrived, officers noticed the driver appeared to be under the influence of a controlled substance. They found 48.8 grams of suspected methamphetamine inside the backpack he had placed on the guard rail. Officers then found an additional 2.5 grams of suspected heroin and 3.33 grams of suspected methamphetamine on the man.
The 30-year-old man was booked into St. Louis County Jail and charged with first degree possession of a controlled substance, fifth degree possession of a controlled substance and fourth degree driving under the influence.
At 9:29 p.m. on Thursday, Hibbing officers responded to suspicious activity at the intersection of Highway 73 and Townline Road. The person who reported the incident said they could hear screaming and yelling from the vehicle in the parking lot of the Maple Hill Community Center.
When officers arrived, they spoke with a 24-year-old woman and a 28-year-old man and saw drug paraphernalia in the car. When they searched the car, they found 124.8 grams of suspected methamphetamine.
The two were then arrested and held at the St. Louis County Jail-Virginia, pending charges of first degree possession of a controlled substance.


At Ballaghaderreen & District Credit Union Ltd, the outstanding loan balance of eligible members are automatically insuredat no direct cost to the member . This means the loan debt will be cleared in the event of the members death.
Under the basic policy, insurance cover ceases on the members 70th birthday, however, Ballaghaderreen & District Credit Union Ltd has the "Over 70 Rider" which extends the cover until the members 85th birthday.
Cover will not apply until the loan is drawn down by the member and an actual indebtedness created, at which time for each loan, the conditions for eligibility shall apply. To be insured members must meet certain Insurance company requirements.
Disability cover under the loan protection policy is defined as a condition of health which renders the member totally and permanently unable to engage in any occupation. Disability must be medically determined. The insurer reserves the right to request the member to attend an independent medical examination.
Disability cover ceases at age 60. Once a disability claim has been paid, the insurer's liability for any future claims on behalf of that member in that or any other Credit Union is terminated, unless the member completes a declaration of health form on each occasion a loan is applied for and submits it for approval. If approved, the member will have cover for all illness and injuries except that for which disability benefit was paid.


September 2018 sees the start of the Selby Pens U13s' fifth season.
Selby Pens Girls rugby is actively looking for new players to join our U13 squad right NOW! Are you a girl in Year 7 or 8 at school? If so, come down to Selby RUFC on a Friday night between 18:15 and 19:45.
New players are always welcome, just come along and bring warm sports clothes, rugby boots, a drink and your gum shield.
Alternatively, get in touch with team manager Vicki for more information or message us on twitter @PensSelby.


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Sibéal Releases 2nd Track 'Human' on Decca Records
Universal artist Sibéal has released the second track from her debut EP, a cover of 'Human' by Rag 'n' Bone Man.
Sibéal sings the second verse of 'Human' in Irish, making a melodic pop hit sound timeless, : "'Human' was one that I could enter myself into the most", she says. "And then we came up with an arrangement for it that I really liked and I just felt really connected to the song."
Nick Taylor recorded the EP at Abbey Road Studios, and returned to Air-Edel Recording Studios to mix and master. Sibéal is managed by Air-Edel.
Sibéal Releases 'The Parting Glass' on Decca Records and Universal Music Ireland
'All Is True' Released in UK Cinemas


text:
George I (1978)
Book Number: 20
George I: Elector and King
By Ragnhild Hatton (1913-1995)
Professor of International History,
Series Editor: J.J. Scarisbrick
First published 1978.
Promoted to the English Monarchs series in 2001
◀ Go back one queen Go forward one king ►
Go to the next book published in the series
Professor Hatton's study of George I was published as 'George I: Elector and King' in hardback in 1978 by Thames and Hudson (UK) and Harvard (USA) in 1979, then by Yale in paperback in June 2001. This title was never published by Methuen.
This book was included in the series by Yale only after their acquisition of the printing rights following their acquisition of the English Monarchs series. It was not included in the series at the time of its original 1978 printing. The Yale printing claims to be a new edition, but it is not. It is the same text as the original 1980 hardback with a new introduction by area specialist Jeremy Black (see the entry for George III). This is another example where publishers muddle edition statements.
The first third of this book, about one hundred of its three hundred pages of text, examines the life of George in Hanover. It looks in detail at the court and politics before the point of George relocating to London as the British king. Without some foreknowledge of German, and specifically Hanoverian politics, many readers may find this harder work than later in the book where the focus moves to London.
The last two thirds of the book therefore are of greater familiarity to most readers in the English-speaking world. Professor Hatton provides a thorough analysis of both roles of George's life, in London and in Hanover. Yet, Professor Hatton is at pains not to divide this biography into these two aspects but, instead, see these two roles as part of the wider stage of European politics in which George I had two interests. In her studies she had access to hitherto untouched German records as well as the Royal Archives in Windsor.
German speakers, however, are more likely to be much familiar with Hanoverian history, and as luck would have it the German publisher Societäts-Verlag released a German language version of this book in 1982 with the title 'Georg I: Ein deutscher Kurfürst auf Englands Thron' (George I: A German Elector on the throne of England).
Jeremy Black, author of George III in the series, adds a seven page foreword to the Yale edition of George I and in it "...seeks to offer an updating that focusses on perspectives suggested by subsequent work". He looks at the research that has been conducted since 1978 and where the text of the book is out of date. He concludes, however, that Hatton captures what eluded other biographers of George I. Black's comments echo contemporary reviews of the book. Geoffrey Holmes (Lancaster University) reviewed the book in European History Quarterly, Volume 10, no.1 (1980), describing the effect of Hatton's biography as transforming the image of George. He says that the negative sketches of George, portraying him as boggle-eyed dummkopf "have been brushed aside by one of the vigorous broom of new research" and that Hatton's biography, "bristling with scholarship", is the most formidable broom of all.
An important addition to the study of the reign of George I was made by Jeremy Black himself. His 2014 'Politics and Foreign Policy in the Age of George I, 1714-1727' (Routledge, ISBN 9781409431398) explores the impact of foreign policy on domestic politics which extends the scope offered by Hatton's book. The publicity for Black's book says of Hatton's biography of George III "...while impressive, devoted relatively little attention to the domestic political dimension of foreign policy. In contrast, Black links diplomacy to domestic politics to show that foreign policy was a key aspect of government as well as the leading battleground both for domestic politics and for ministerial rivalries." For those whose focus is on this period Jeremy Black's study of this area is an essential adjunct to Ragnhild Hatton's biography, although the best advice is to find a library copy or purchase a used copy - a new copy is priced at about £100 or US$140 - and even the ebook version is highly expensive - which is an absurd price to pay for a three-hundred page book. Look for a used copy.
In European Studies Review [now called European Studies Quarterly], Volume 10 Number 1 (1980) Geoffrey Holmes (University of Lancaster) wrote that this biography has relegated all previous - and biased - biographies of George I to the dustbin of history. He describes the author as "bristling with scholarship" giving George credit for "a leading part in shaping foreign policy throughout these years when European statesmen grappled with the problem of how to preserve the precarious balance of power in western and southern Europe..." Importantly for Britain, "Professor Hatton argues very strongly and with conviction that the king not only learned, after five years or so, how to wear his British hat and British spectacles when looking at any continental problem, but that after 1719-20 he was no longer capable of adopting a purely Hanoverian perspective". If there is a shortcoming with the book, he continues, it is Hatton's handling of purely British domestic politics; errors which, he suggests, can be corrected in a second edition. Alas, that edition never came. The Yale version is the same text as the original 1978 printing. However, the 2014 book cited above by Jeremy Black goes a long way to correcting any slips in Hatton's text. Specialists of this era would do well to include that book in their collection alongside this English Monarchs title by Hatton.
Once again in the series, intense historical research with rare documents, both in England and in Germany, provided a refreshingly different portrait of this king, bringing to the fore a personality who was, Hatton says, obscured by anti-Hanoverian propaganda. George I emerges as an interesting study - a rationalist and early enlightenment figure, a British king and a European statesman.
Link to the Book's Webpage at Yale
Buy the book from Amazon USA
Buy the book from Amazon UK
Buy the German language edition from Amazon Germany or ABE
Buy Jeremy Black's study from ABE
Thames and Hudson 1978 Harvard, 1979
Societäts-Verlag Hardback, 1982
Yale Paperback, 2001
Yale, Paperback reissue & Kindle
Cover: The original T&H edition, reused for the German translation, has a portrait of George by Godfrey Kneller, the ownership of which is credited to the Kielmansegg family, distant relations of the king.
The Yale printings have a 1714 portrait by Sir Godfrey Kneller and owned by the National Portrait Gallery.
ISBN data:
Thames and Hudson Hardback - 9780674349353
Yale Paperback - 9780300088830
Societäts-Verlag Hardback - 9783797303981
Email for Comments | Sitemap | Main Book Page | Saxon/Pre-Normans | Normans | Angevins | Plantangents | Tudors | Stuarts | Georgians


Both playful and glamorous, this richly coloured clutch elevates both casual and evening outfits with its flirtatious slogan and intricately hand-beaded and embroidered line-drawing reminiscent of vintage tattoos from the 50's and 60's. Carry it as a clutch with a LBD or sling it across your body with the chain to add a boost of color and whimsy to your look. Printed canvas with glass beads, brass push clasp closure, inside pocket, faux sued lining. This item measures 9" (H) x 14" (W) x 2"(D).


text:
@interface PodsDummy_Pods_CardIO : NSObject
@end
@implementation PodsDummy_Pods_CardIO
@end