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Bulbophyllum triflorum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.Found in Sumatra to Western Java at elevations of up to 1600 meters

References
The Bulbophyllum-Checklist
The Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia

triflorum

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Tijdens de Olympische Winterspelen van 1968, die in Grenoble (Frankrijk) werden gehouden, nam Zweden voor de tiende keer deel.

Medailleoverzicht

Deelnemers en resultaten

Alpineskiën

Biatlon

Bobsleeën

Kunstrijden

Langlaufen

Rodelen

Schaatsen

Schansspringen

IJshockey

Zweden
1968


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Rohit Sharma relishing new role as opener
Thread: Rohit Sharma relishing new role as opener
After being an under-performing asset in the Indian middle-order for several years, Rohit Sharma has blossomed into a blazing opening batsman.
For the last several years, Sharma's international performance failed to rise above mediocrity. However, his elevation as an opening batsman earlier this year seems to have worked wonders for the 30-year-old Mumbaikar, who emerged as the Man of the Series.
On Saturday at the M Chinnaswamy stadium, Sharma's brilliance was on display as the right-hander slammed a sparkling 158-ball 209 to bulldoze his way into record books, becoming only the third player in the history of one-day cricket to score a double hundred.
Sharma admitted that he never expected to score a double hundred although the thought crossed his mind in the latter part of his innings. "In the last 3-4 matches, 350-360 was not a comfortable score. Our plan was to score as many as possible. When I got to 180, I thought 200 was a possibility, but I had to maintain the tempo and it turned out nicely," said Sharma.
Incidentally, Sharma was at the non-striker's end when Virender Sehwag cracked a record 149-ball 219 against West Indies in Indore in 2011 to shatter Sachin Tendulkar's 147-ball 200 (against West Indies in Gwalior in 2010).
Relishing his new role as opening batsman, Sharma admitted that it was indeed a big challenge. "When you open, you get a lot of opportunities to score, but when you bat in the middle-order, sometimes you don't get to bat that much. I am really relishing this new role given to me. It is really exciting at the same time, it's challenging too," he said.
"When given the responsibility, you obviously change as an individual. As an opener, you set the platform and lay the foundation," Sharma said of his elevation as an opener.
During his record-smashing innings, Sharma's 50 came off 71 balls while the next 50 off 43 and the last 109 runs off just 44 balls. In the process, he smacked a record 16 sixes to better Shane Watson's record of 15 in an ODI innings. "Every cricketer's goal is to get as many runs as possible. When all these things happen along the way, it's a bonus. But the heartening factor was we won the series," he said.
Sharma, who is in the Indian team for the forthcoming Test series against the West Indies, said he would bat in the middle-order. "I will only play in the middle order for I have been selected as a middle-order batsman. Not sure what will happen in the future."
Rohit Sharma More Stills
Keywords: Rohit Sharma , opening batsman,international performance,mediocrity, Mumbaikar,e M Chinnaswamy stadium, Sharma's brilliance , Virender Sehwag , Sachin Tendulkar, batsman,Shane Watson, ODI innings,cricket news,sports news
batsman, cricket news, e m chinnaswamy stadium, international performance, mediocrity, mumbaikar, odi innings, opening batsman, rohit sharma, sachin tendulkar, shane watson, sharma's brilliance, sports news, virender sehwag

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Motion Regarding Parenting Time
Motion Regarding Child Support
A number of custody arrangements are possible.
Joint Legal Custody: parents communicate and cooperate in mutual decision-making regarding major medical, educational, religious, and similar issues.
Joint Physical Custody: the child lives with one parent part of the time and the other parent part of the time, although not necessarily equal amounts of time.
Primary Physical Custody: the child lives primarily with one parent.
Sole Custody: the child lives with one parent and that parent is responsible for all major decision-making.
CUSTODY FACTORS
Parents are encouraged to reach their own agreements regarding custody. When parents cannot agree, the court must decide by considering all of the following factors of the Michigan Child Custody Act:
(a) The love, affection, and other emotional ties existing between the parties involved and the child.
(b)The capacity and disposition of the parties involved to give the child love, affection, and guidance and the continuation of the educating and raising of the child in its religion and creed, if any.
(c)The capacity and disposition of the parties involved to provide the child with food, clothing, medical care and other remedial care recognized and permitted under the laws of this state in place of medical care, and other material needs.
(d)The length of time the child has lived in a stable, satisfactory environment, and the desirability of maintaining continuity.
(e)The permanence, as a family unit, of the existing or proposed custodial home or homes.
(f)The moral fitness of the parties involved.
(g)The mental and physical health of the parties involved.
(h)The home, school, and community record of the child.
(i)The reasonable preference of the child, if the court deems the child to be of sufficient age to express preference. (j)The willingness and ability of each of the parents to facilitate and encourage a close and continuing parent/child relationship between the child and the other parent.
(k) Domestic violence, regardless of whether the violence was directed against, or witnessed by the child.
(l) Any other factor considered by the court relevant to a particular child custody dispute.
REQUESTING A CHANGE IN CUSTODY
If the parties do not agree to a custody arrangement, then a party may file a motion requesting a custody arrangement. The motion may be filed by the party (Pro Se) or by the party's attorney. It is important to note that custody cases involve complex issues and you may wish to have an attorney represent you. If you decide to file your own motion, forms and instructions are available at the Friend of the Court office. A $100.00 filing fee is required. The Friend of the Court cannot file a motion for you, nor can they provide you with an attorney.
FRIEND OF THE COURT'S ROLE
The Friend of the Court's role in custody issues is to offer mediation services to the parties as an alternative method of dispute resolution. If the custody issue goes to court, then the Friend of the Court is often directed to conduct an evaluation and file a written report and recommendation based on the factors listed in the Michigan Child Custody Act. Each party is entitled to receive a copy of the Friend of the Court's report and recommendation.
CUSTODY AGREEMENTS
If the parties agree to a custody arrangement, the Friend of the Court will prepare a stipulation and order at no cost to the parties.
CHANGING DOMICILE
In most cases, domicile of a child may not be removed from the State of Michigan without approval of the court. If the parents agree to change domicile of the child, the Friend of the Court will prepare a stipulation and order at no cost to the parties. If the parties are not in agreement, then a party may file a motion through an attorney or by using a Motion Regarding Domicile form ( see FORMS page) (Pro Se) from the Friend of the Court. A filing fee is required. Four factors are considered by the Court to determine whether changing domicile is in the best interest of the child: (1) whether the prospective move has the capacity to improve the quality of life for both the custodial parent and the child, (2) whether the move is inspired by the custodial parent desire to defeat or frustrate parenting time by the noncustodial parent and whether the custodial parent is likely to comply with the substitute parenting time orders where he or she is no longer subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of this state, (3) the extent to which the noncustodial parent, in resisting the move, is motivated by the desire to secure a financial advantage in respect of a continuing support obligation, and (4) the degree to which the court is satisfied that there is a realistic opportunity for parenting time in lieu of the weekly pattern which can provide an adequate basis for preserving and fostering the parental relationship with the noncustodial parent if removal is allowed.
Effective January 9, 2001, in addition to the change of domicile requirement, a parent of a child whose custody is governed by court order shall not change a legal residence of the child to a location that is more than 100 miles from the childs other legal residence at the time of the commencement of the action in which the order is issued. Both parents residences are considered to be the childs legal residences for the purposes of the provision. This does not apply if the childs 2 legal residences were already more than 100 miles apart at the time the custody order was issued. If a parent has sole legal custody of the child, the 100 mile requirement does not apply. Parents may agree to living in residences more than 100 miles apart. The factors considered by the Court to change a child legal residence are basically the same four factors used in determining a change of domicile plus a fifth factor reviewing domestic violence history.


Adaptogens are the new superfood order on account of their stress-relieving and age defying benefits. Where do we sign up?
Not a week goes by when we don't hear about the next superfood that must immediately go into our daily food diary - some are legit (turns out turmeric is actually good for you) and some are just marketing hype with zero scientific basis (dirty lemon drink, we're talking to you). But the new superfood edition, adaptogens look like they may actually be long-term stayers with credible health-giving benefits. So what exactly is this new superfood and how soon can we get some?
According to leading herb guru, David Winston, co-author of Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength, Stamina, and Stress Relief, "Adaptogens are herbs that counter the effects of age and stress on the body." Which they achieve by quietening down a stress-activated enzyme and at the same time stimulating cells to produce proteins that help resist stress and enhance longevity. Plus they teach your body to 'adapt' to resist adverse influences via regulating the immune and nervous system. Which all sounds pretty fantastic, especially considering that you're probably already accidentally ingesting some of these miracle tonics without even realising.
To qualify as an 'adaptogen' the herb (or herbal combination) must meet three criteria: be non-toxic; act to increase resistance to adverse biological, chemical and physical factors; help modulate system function. While many herbs are being claimed as adaptogens, to the purist (read: qualified) like Winston the list of plants that actually tick the checklist is limited to the following: American and Asian ginseng root, ashwagandha root, cordyceps, dang shen root, eleuthero root, holy basil, jiaogulan, licorice root, reishi fungus, maral root, rhodiola root, and schizandra berries.
That may read like a what the? shopping list that would never be on supermarket shelves but many of these superstar tonics are already in your diet and easy to access (ginseng tea, licorice, basil), while others you'll need to tap your local herbalist for a supply to add to your superfood-filled weekly meal plan. Seems like a no brainer diet addition if the result is younger, faster, stronger, right?


We have treated ourselves to an early Christmas gift and bought a drone!
The 4k camera is able to pick out amazing detail whilst the drone moves over buildings and roofs saving clients costs on expensive access equipment to complete surveys.
RDF is proud to be able to offer this service to our clients.


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Some artists channel a calm wisdom that is as comforting as a father's voice. We listen because their words feel right and true, gifts that might help us through our own dark nights. Chip Taylor is such an artist.
The quality of Taylor's music, and his kinship to the great Texas songwriters, was best expressed when critic Anthony DeCurtis said "if names like Willie Nelson, Guy Clark, Kris Kristofferson and Townes Van Zandt mean anything to you, you should make a point of discovering Chip Taylor."
Born James Wesley Voight to a Yonkers, New York family of diverse movers and shakers, Taylor has been a performing songwriter for over fifty years now. But that's only part of this illustrious family story. Brother Jon became a renowned actor (and the father of Angelina Jolie), and Barry is a noted academic and volcanologist. Father Elmer was an ace golfer, and Chip initially intended to follow in his footsteps.
After professional golfing didn't work out, Chip decided to try his hand at music, moving to Nashville to take a job as a contract songwriter, and he was a good one, writing such monuments as "Wild Thing" and "Angel of the Morning".
But Taylor's talents were too expansive to be cooped up in a Nashville writer's room, and he continued to write and perform for himself. In 1973 he released Chip Taylor's Last Chance, an important contribution to the burgeoning blend of folk and country, and ultimately a cult classic. Over the ensuing decades he would evolve into one of our most important songwriters, a world artist in residence, releasing over twenty albums of original music, to date, most recently 2015's The Little Prayers Trilogy.
But even a life that rich wasn't rowdy enough for Chip Taylor. In the eighties he took a break from songwriting to become a professional gambler, and was good enough to earn a ban from most of the east coast casinos.
By the end of the nineties he again felt the pull of his art. In 2001 he visited Austin for SXSW and discovered the lovely Carrie Rodriguez at a live performance. Turning his talents to the Texas tradition, Taylor made several stunning, critically acclaimed albums with Rodriguez, a virtuoso fiddler, singer and songwriter in her own right.
Taylor has since retraced his steps to the East Coast and across the Atlantic to the Emerald Isle and Scandinavia, continuing to write wise and achingly beautiful meditations that have as much in common with Hemingway and Faulkner as with Lennon, McCartney or Dylan. He has especially found his way into the hearts of Norway. In 2012, the patron songwriter of that country, Paal Flaata, recorded Wait By The Fire, an entire album of Taylor's songs.
In 2011, he was preparing to play a festival there when a lone killer took the lives of seventy-seven, mostly children, in the capital of Oslo and on the island of Utoya. A week later, Chip wrote and performed "On This Darkest Day", a stunning tribute to the victims, a powerful ode to love and humanity in the face of mindless hatred. In the light of the new morning, he reminds us, we still have each other.
While Taylor has clearly grabbed life and lived it, his words are often more illuminating than comforting, more questions than answers. Still, a father's voice gives comfort.
Three things to know about Chip Taylor: (1) he has had a long association with guitarist John Platania, who played on some of Van Morrison's best work, (2) his album Yonkers, NY was nominated for a Grammy in 2011, and (3) In 1980 he appeared in the film Melvin and Howard.
If you love Chip Taylor, Austin Songwriter suggests you check out Patty Griffin, Sam Baker and Guy Clark.
A|S Series (July 28, 2016)
https://www.austinsongwriter.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Chip-Taylor-Final.mp3
Tagschip taylorprofile
"Down in the Hole" by Jon Dee Graham and the Purgatory Players
K Phillips


We work using a digital approach. We use Skype, Tele contact, and review college reports on enrollment, the marketing plan, identify the brand, and talk with people to develop a feel for the school and its competitor's. We have databases we can draw upon which tell us what is happening in education and a model that has proven successful in designing recommendations and actions for all schools.


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JJ Chalmers: Awards Hosts & Presenters
JJ Chalmers is a former Royal Marine Commando who has served on operations in Afghanistan. He was wounded by an IED in a blast that claimed the lives of two of his friends. JJ shares his inspiring story of recovery, his journey to a gold medal at the Invictus Games, and living his life to the fullest.
E: < £3K
TV Presenters, Adventure, Change, Diversity & Equality Motivational Speakers, Conference Facilitators, Awards Hosts & Presenter
LCpl John-James Chalmers, "JJ", is a former Royal Marine Commando who has served on operations in Afghanistan and is now a TV Presenter with a remarkable story
A qualified teacher, he joined the Royal Marines Reserve in 2005 whilst at University and transferred to regular service in 2010.
He was deployed to Afghanistan in 2011 where he served on the frontline in Helmand Province. His team were in close liaison with the Afghan National Army, Afghan National Police Force as well as re-building relationships with civilian communities. He was wounded by an Improvised Explosive Device an "IED" whilst on foot patrol; in a blast that claimed the lives of two of his friends.
He woke up a week later in hospital, in Birmingham, where his recovery and rehabilitation began.
JJ has been through hundreds of hours of surgery and has endured months of specialist rehabilitation throughout his years of recovery.
Since being wounded he has lived his life to the absolute fullest regardless of his disabilities. Aside from relearning almost every function for his 'New Body' he has also taken up as many new opportunities as he can, like learning to Scuba Dive and competing in the Invictus Games in 2014.
As Captain of the Trike Cycling team, a team made up of Recumbent and Hand Cyclists; which brought home 8 medals, JJ has also personally won a Gold and Bronze for Recumbent Cycling and a Bronze in the 4x100m track.
As well as competing JJ has been featured in the BBC1 Invictus Games primetime documentary which gave him his first taste of TV. He now is forging ahead with a Broadcast career and has gone on to present The Anniversary Games, Superhumans, coverage of the IPC in Doha and National Paralympic Day all for C4. 2016 saw JJ return to The Invictus Games in the role of an Ambassador telling his story at the opening ceremony plus reporting and punditry for the BBC. JJ was recently an integral part of the Rio Paralympic studio presenter team on C4; hosting over thirty hours of daily live coverage.
Away from Sport JJ is part of the BBC ceremonial coverage team covering events such as Remembrance Day and The Lord Mayor's Show. The People Remembers saw him co- presenting alongside Sophie Raworth, a daily week long BBC1 series honouring the heroes of war on the home front and on the battlefield.
For Radio Five Live JJ headed up their IPC coverage and hosted the well received documentary To Helmand and Back.
His other credits include The One Show, BBC Breakfast, Wild Escapes, The Pilgrimage, BBC Scotland's Getaway series and reaching the Quarter Finals of Strictly Come Dancing on BBC1.
2021 has JJ showcase his crafting and design skills on Money For Nothing for BBC1 as well as presenting across both The Olympics for BBC1 and The Paralympics for C4; the first disabled presenter to do so.
JJ is a Patron for Help For Heroes and an Ambassador for The Invictus Games. He travels the country giving inspirational talks and motivational workshops to schools and businesses.
For further information or to book LCpl John-James Chalmers, call us on +44 (0)20 7607 7070 or email info@speakerscorner.co.uk
For further information or to book JJ Chalmers please call us on +44 (0)20 7607 7070 or use the contact form:
Want to know more about JJ Chalmers
Louise Minchin


text:
WORLD US Navy commissions littoral combat ship Sioux City
US Navy commissions littoral combat ship Sioux City
The littoral combat ship USS Sioux City transits the Thames River as it arrives at Naval Submarine Base New London in Groton, Connecticut, Nov. 9, 2018. (Photo: File)
WASHINGTON, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- The US Navy on Saturday commissioned its 13th littoral combat ship (LCS), the future U.S.S. Sioux City, at the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland.
"This ship is named in honor of Sioux City, Iowa, but represents more than one city," Secretary of the Navy Richard Spencer said in a statement, "U.S.S Sioux City represents an investment in readiness and lethality, and is a testament to the increased capabilities made possible by a true partnership between the Department of the Navy and our industrial base."
The ship, hull numbered LCS 11, is the sixth Freedom-variant of the small surface vessel designed for nearshore operations to enter service.
The ship's weapons include a 57 mm gun, rolling airframe missiles, .50 caliber machine guns and a Mark 50 torpedo against deep diving submarines.
According to figures from the US Navy, Freedom variant LCSs are generally 118 meters in length, have a full load displacement of 3,500 metric tons and manned by a maximum of 75 sailors. The ships can travel greater than 40 knots (74km/h), at which speed it can sail about 1,000 nautical miles (1,852 km).
The ship's keel was laid in February 2014 and was christened in January 2016.
The LCS class consists of two variants, the Freedom variant and the Independence variant, designed and built by two industry teams. The Freedom variant, with odd numbered hulls, is led by Lockheed Martin, the Independence variant, with even-numbered hulls, is led by Austal USA.
Dock landing ship Yimengshan conducts training in East China Sea
The amphibious dock landing ship Yimengshan (Hull 988) attached to a landing ship flotilla of the navy under the PLA Eastern Theater Command fires chaff rounds from the decoy launching system during a maritime training exercise in waters of the East China Sea. (Photos: eng.chinamil.com.cn)
US carrier arrives in Hong Kong SAR
An F/A-18 Super Hornet fighter jet takes off on the deck of the US NavyUSSRonaldReaganin the South China Sea on Tuesday. China is allowing a US Navy aircraft carrier and its battle group to make a port call in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region after it turned down similar request in September. (Photo: AP)With the approval of China, US Navy
Ukraine says Russia rams navy tugboat off Crimea
Ukraine's navy said that Russia's border guards rammed one of its tugboats in the Black Sea off Moscow-annexed Crimea on Sunday in "openly aggressive actions."Ukraine said the incident took place as three of its ships including two small warships were heading for the port of Mariupol in the Sea of Azov, an area of heightened tensions between the countries.Russia accused


Duke Elder system of ophthalmology-→求文献-Request Articles+books - Powered by Discuz!
Sorry, only vol 1 available there.
If you need all vols, than one is good also.
IMO, you should make separate request thread for every vol, cause one vol is one book except when vols are issued together.


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Moment that mattered: The murder of Boris Nemtsov
On 27th February 2015 the Russian politician and opposition campaigner Boris Nemtsov was assassinated, gunned down as he crossed the Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge in the shadow of the Kremlin. In DG #18 we spoke to Bill Browder, a US-born British financier whose own brush with political murder in Russia brought him into contact with Nemtsov – and put him on Vladimir Putin's list of enemies
Photo: Alexander Zemlianichenko / AP / PA Images
Interview: Marcus Webb
27th February 2015 (Taken from: #18)
"Boris Nemtsov was a genuine man of principle. If something was morally wrong it affected him in a visceral way. In the 1990s he was deputy prime minister of Russia. Everyone else who has held that post went on to become a billionaire, some multi-billionaires. Nemtsov went in a different direction. Instead of taking the money he chose a life of abject misery that ultimately ended in him being shot for his principles. There's no better definition of a hero than a person who chooses to forgo everything, including his life, for what he believes.
What happened to Nemtsov fits into the whole character of how dissent has been dealt with during Putin's time in power. The most important person in any particular group seen as troublesome is picked and something is done to make an example out of them. The result is that everyone else cowers in fear. Mikhail Khodorkovsky, once the richest oligarch in Russia, was arrested and his trial was televised, showing him locked in a cage. The investigative journalist Anna Politkovskaya was assassinated. And it happened to me, the loudest voice in the investment community.
I was the largest foreign investor in Russia between 1996 and 2005. I was running an investment firm, Hermitage Capital Management, and I started to see huge amounts of corruption in the companies I was investing in. The theft was so extreme I felt I had to do something. So I researched how criminal gangs stole from large companies and publicised that research through international media. This upset people and in 2005 I was expelled from Russia and declared a threat to national security.
I liquidated all of my company's holdings in Russia and evacuated all my staff out of fear for what might happen next. I kept the offices in case the government relented, but I thought I was done with Russia. In June 2007, police officers raided my Moscow office and the Moscow offices of my law firm. All of our corporate documents were seized. The next thing we knew, we no longer owned our investment companies. They'd been fraudulently transferred using the documents seized by the police and were now registered in the name of a convicted murderer.
At this point I went and hired the smartest lawyer I knew in Moscow, Sergei Magnitsky. He believed there were two objectives to this crime. The first was to steal all of the money in the companies – which they didn't succeed in doing, as there was nothing left after the liquidation. The second was to steal all the taxes that we'd paid to Russia the previous year. During liquidation my company had paid over $230 million in taxes. The new owners of the companies applied for a tax refund of all $230 million. They applied for it on 23rd December 2007 and it was awarded and paid out one day later, on Christmas Eve. It was the largest tax refund in the history of Russia.
At that point I still assumed that Putin was a nationalist. How could he tolerate the theft of nearly a quarter of a billion dollars from the Russian people? So Sergei and I thought if we were to expose this crime to all the senior law-enforcement officials in Russia and publicise it in the media then Putin, being a nationalist, would go after the bad guys who were stealing from the Russian people.
We waited for the good guys to come and get the bad guys, but what we didn't realise was that in the Putin regime there are no good guys"
We wrote criminal complaints to every different law-enforcement agency in Russia and we publicised them. Sergei testified against the officials involved and we waited for the good guys to come and get the bad guys, but what we didn't realise was that in the Putin regime there are no good guys. Instead of being investigated, the people who Sergei testified against came to his home at 8am on 24th November 2008 and arrested him.
He was put in pre-trial detention where he was tortured. They put him in cells with 14 inmates in eight beds and left the lights on 24 hours a day. They put him in cells with no heating and no windows in December in Moscow so he nearly froze to death. They put him in cells with no toilets, just a hole in the floor.
The purpose of all this mistreatment was to get him to withdraw his testimony against the police officers and sign a confession saying that he had stolen the $230 million and done so on my instructions. But Sergei turned out to be a man of incredible principle. No matter how much physical pain he endured, the moral pain of bearing false witness was too much for him and he repeatedly refused. After six months he had lost 20 kilos and was diagnosed as having pancreatitis and gallstones. An operation was scheduled for November 2009.
About a week before his operation they moved him to a prison without a hospital and denied him all medical attention. He was in constant agony and 20 written requests for medical attention were rejected.
On the night of 16th November 2009 he went into a critical condition. That night the authorities transferred him to a prison with a hospital, but instead of putting him in the ER, they put him in an isolation cell, chained him to a bed and eight riot guards with rubber batons beat him to death. I found out the next morning and it was the most horrifying, traumatic, life-changing news I have ever received. I made a vow to his memory, his family and myself that the people who killed him would face justice.
Russian police with the body of Boris Nemtsov shortly after he was shot in the back four times in view of the Kremlin. Photo: Pavel Golovkin / AP / PA Images
Boris Nemtsov joined this fight. I never asked him for help, but he volunteered and started campaigning for justice for Sergei and for sanctions to be imposed by the West on the people that killed him. Nemtsov described sanctions as the Achilles' heel of the Putin regime and that's exactly right. If you go back 30 or 40 years to when the Soviet Union was run by the Politburo they were at odds with the West, and the leverage we had over them was relatively limited because they were all living and operating inside the Soviet Union.
The Putin regime does just as nasty things but it does them for enrichment and to fund a Western lifestyle. They don't keep their money in Russia, they keep it and spend it in the West. Their desire to come to London, the south of France or New York City opens them up to huge leverage from the West. We ended up getting the US government to pass the Magnitsky Act [barring Russian officials believed to be involved in the death of Magnitsky from entering the US or using its banking system].
Sergei once told me that that Russian stories don't have happy endings"
Europe is the big prize, though. For every Russian that goes to America there are 20 that go to Europe. If you'd asked me if there was a chance of getting the EU to sign up to sanctions against individuals before the invasion of Ukraine I'd have said it would be a hard sell because of the disparate nature of decision-making in the EU. But now sanctions have been imposed for Russia's actions outside of Russia, it's an easier sell to argue that we should also impose sanctions for how they mistreat people inside their own country.
Although sanctions help, only the Russian people can take down Putin's regime. The regime is doing everything possible to suck the oxygen out of the opposition. However, the economy is now in a state of massive deterioration. As things get worse and the repression increases there's going to be a tipping point. I think it's going to end with the Russian people saying enough is enough, and it will probably be violent. Putin understands that. For him, staying in power is imperative; a quiet luxury retirement isn't on the cards.
Of course I fear for my own life. If the Putin regime wants me dead, I believe it can make that happen, but I don't have any choice. I couldn't walk away after they killed Sergei. I wouldn't have been able to live with myself. In trying to get justice for him, I've created a series of outcomes. Everything's connected. Boris Nemtsov turns up to fight for justice for Sergei – and it was one of the most significant irritants he generated for the Putin regime. After doing so he gets killed. So now we have a duty to fight for Boris Nemtsov too. Sergei once told me that that Russian stories don't have happy endings. At the moment it seems that's true."
We hope you enjoyed this sample feature from issue #18 of Delayed Gratification
You can buy the issue from our shop or
Subscribe and receive the magazine through your letterbox every three months
Posted on Thursday, March 15th, 2018 - Categories: From the archive, Stories.
DG #18 previews: Why are French Jews moving to Israel?
Anatomy of an exodus
Moment that mattered: Da Vinci's Salvator Mundi sells for a record $450 million


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Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam
International Peer-Reviewers
Volume 8 No. 1, January 2022
Islamic Finance and Indonesia's Economy: An Empirical Analysis
https://doi.org/10.20885/jeki.vol8.iss1.art4
Ghina Sakinah
ghinasakinah@gmail.com (Primary Contact)
Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Rahmatina A Kasri
Center for Islamic Economic and Business, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Nurkholis Nurkholis
Read Counter : 1026 Download : 919
Purpose – Islamic finance is becoming increasingly important both globally and in Indonesia. However, studies on the relationship between Islamic finance and Indonesia's economy are scant. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the short-term and long-term relationship between Islamic finance and Indonesia's economy.
Methodology – This study uses monthly data for the period 2011–2020 which are estimated using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The dependent variable is Indonesia's Growth Domestic Product (GDP), while the independent variables are macroeconomic variables (gross fixed capital formation, trade openness and inflation), Islamic finance (Islamic banking, capital market and Sukuk) and a Covid-19 dummy variable.
Findings – The study found a one-way causal relationship between Islamic finance and Indonesia's economy. In the short term, Sukuk (Islamic bonds) has a significant effect on Indonesia's GDP. While in the long term, Islamic banks and Islamic mutual funds are found to impact Indonesia's GDP significantly. These results imply a positive relationship between Islamic finance and Indonesia's GDP in both the short and long term. It is also notable that rates of investment, inflation and the occurrence of the Covid-19 pandemic have a significant impact on GDP.
Originality – Most studies linking Islamic finance and economic size only use Islamic banking to proxy Islamic finance. However, while Islamic banking institutions dominate the Islamic finance landscape, non-bank Islamic financial institutions such as the capital market are becoming increasingly important in many countries, including Indonesia. This study fills the gap by incorporating Islamic capital market variables such as Islamic mutual funds and Sukuk to explain the relationship between Islamic finance and economic size in the world's largest Muslim country.
Research limitations – Due to data limitations, this study uses only Islamic mutual funds and Sukuk to represent non-bank financial institutions, which as a sector includes various other sub-sectors.
Practical implications – Policymakers, industry and academics could use the research findings to accelerate the development of Islamic finance in Indonesia and strengthen its role in supporting and aiding the recovery of the Indonesian economy.
Indonesian economic growth Indonesian Islamic finance Islamic bank financing Islamic mutual funds Sukuk (Islamic Bonds)
Sakinah, G., Kasri, R. A., & Nurkholis, N. (2022). Islamic Finance and Indonesia's Economy: An Empirical Analysis. Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 8(1), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.20885/jeki.vol8.iss1.art4
Abduh, M., & Omar, M. A. (2012). Islamic banking and economic growth: The Indonesian experience. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 5(1), 35–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538391211216811
Achmad, N. (2016). Pengaruh pembiayaan, aset, dan fdr perbankan syariah terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam, 2(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.20885/JEKI.vol2.iss2.art1
Ada, O. E., Oyeronke, A., Odunayo, A. J., Okoruwa, V. O., & Egbedi, O. O. (2014). Trade openness and inflation in Nigeria economy: a vector error correction model (VECM) approach. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 21 (21). https://doi.org/10.7176/RJFA
Altaleb, G. S., & Alkhatib, A. Y. (2016). Sovereign Islamic sukuk and the economic development: A case study of Jordan. European Journal of Business and Management. 8(32). https://doi.org/10.7176/EJBM
Anwar, S. M., Junaidi, J., Salju, S., Wicaksono, R., & Mispiyanti, M. (2020). Islamic bank contribution to Indonesian economic growth. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 13(3), 519-532. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-02-2018-0071
Asad, M., & Siddiqui, D. A. (2019). Determinants of mutual funds performance in Pakistan. International Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences, 4(2), 85–107. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.136.2019.42.85.107
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Gani, I. M., & Bahari, Z. (2020). Islamic banking's contribution to the Malaysian real economy. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-01-2019-0004
Grassa, R., & Gazdar, K. (2013). Financial development and economic growth in GCC countries: A comparative study between Islamic and Conventional finance. International Journal of Social Economics, 42(6), 493-514. http://doi.org10.1108/IJSE-12-2012-0232
Gujarati, D. N. (2021). Essentials of econometrics. SAGE Publications.
Habib, S. F. (2018). The fundamentals of Islamic finance and banking. Willey Finance Series. West Sussex. United Kingdom.
Hutapea, E. G., & Kasri, R. A. (2010). Bank margin determination: A comparison between Islamic and conventional banks in Indonesia. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 3 (1), 65-82. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538391011033870
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Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam | Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance (JEKI) Center for Islamic Economics and Development Studies (CIEDS)-P3EI, Faculty of Business and Economics, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Gedung Ace Partadiredja, Ring Road Utara, Condongcatur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55283 INDONESIA
Telephone: +62 274 881546 ext: 1203
email: editor.jeki@uii.ac.id


I have represented what is now Town ward since 1994 and it is a real pleasure to serve the area where I have lived almost all of my life.
I try to provide a response to constituent enquiries within 24 hours. Issues raised by constituents range from a missed refuse collection to a council housing refurbishment.
Both prior to May 2014 and subsequently, a major issue for many residents has been the number of empty shops in Enfield Town. The reasons for this are complex, including unrealistic rents, the cost of business rates, uncertainty over the Cycle Enfield programme, and of course the huge change in the way we shop.
I have lobbied the council for many months, requesting enforcement action against empty shops and for information to be sent to landlords about how to change from retail to restaurant or cafe where appropriate. I managed to get the council to install new lights on Library Green and have been promised that the cafe in the library will be open again before Easter. I also congratulate local traders for their appeal for funds for Christmas lights, which the council agreed to match-fund.
The council has set up an empty shops working party, which I serve on, and enforcement action has now been taken. I am optimistic we can improve Enfield Town and make it a more vibrant place to shop and eat both during the day and in the evening. If you are concerned about our town centre, please use it!
In Town ward we have many groups of passionate volunteers. I congratulate all the volunteers we work with, including friends groups, residents associations, neighbourhood watch, and local police team. I also serve on the Old Enfield Charitable Trust which owns Market Square and makes grants totalling many thousands of pounds to local people in need.
As a member of the Conservative opposition group it is important to scrutinise the actions of the Labour administration and hold them to account. We have for example been particularly critical of the slow progress (eight-and-a-half years) on the small housing sites in Parsonage Lane and Forty Hill. It is especially important when resources are tight that the council makes good decisions.
Since May 2018 we have held two ward forums and we also hold weekly surgeries, and occasional coffee mornings. I am proud to represent Town ward and believe Enfield is a great place to live, work and play.
Cllr Rye is one of three councillors elected to represent Town, alongside Lindsay Rawlings and James Steven (all Conservative). Surgeries are held at Enfield Civic Centre, usually on Wednesday mornings.


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UK waste management giant Biffa plc has announced a partnership with energy from waste specialist Covanta to explore the development of two EfW plants in Cheshire and Leicestershire.
The agreement was announced to coincide with the release of the company's preliminary financial results this morning (14 June) for the year up to 24 March 2017, in which Biffa reported a growth in net revenue, up 8.3% to £898.8 million, and a total profit after tax of £35.8 million.
The results cover a year in which Biffa saw substantial growth within its operations, having completed five acquisitions, as well as its successful listing on the London Stock Exchange (see letsrecycle.com story).
Acquisitions included the waste collection business of Cory and Blakeley's Recycling in the north west of England.
Speaking to letsrecycle.com this morning, Biffa's chief executive Ian Wakelin has said that the integration of the five newly acquired businesses into the company is ongoing, and added that there is good potential for future growth through further acquisitions.
He said: "We are relentless in integrating the acquired businesses into our infrastructure and changing the culture of the businesses we acquire, we are not entirely through that integration process yet.
Mr Wakelin said he was 'delighted' with the performance of the business during the 12 months covered in the report, which he said reflects a wider stability in the UK's waste and recycling sector.
Commenting on the wider political landscape, with the UK's exit from the European Union and potential for major political upheaval in light of the General Election result last week which returned a hung parliament, Mr Wakelin said that there is a 'degree of uncertainty' over future policy direction.
But, he welcomed commitments by the major political parties in the build up to the Election to retain the European legislation which underpin waste laws in the UK.
Mr Wakelin also reaffirmed Biffa's commitment to growing the energy from waste arm of the business, revealing that the company has reached agreement with American firm Covanta to explore the continued development of energy from waste plants at Newhurst in Leicestershire (see letsrecycle.com story) and for Biffa to provide investment on the Protos project in Cheshire (see letsrecycle.com story).


Oh, so you're 'Country' huh? Seriously?
If you've never stood in a field with this exact view thinking, "Damn, only 450 bales to go," you're not really 'country'.
I sometimes chuckle to myself when I see people who claim they are 'country'.
Small town USA doesn't make you 'country' any more than owning a pair of cowboy boots, cowboy hat, and listening to George Strait makes you 'country'.
'Country' isn't about how you decide to dress one day, or the fact you went four-wheeling in the mud last weekend.
I guess maybe my idea of 'country' is more extreme than most.
'Country' is having a big stock tank as a kid for your swimming pool and thinking it feels like heaven after a hot summer day of push mowing the lawn.
'Country' is riding a horse and it suddenly decides to break in half for no apparent reason, but you manage to hang on anyway.
'Country' is flipping over cow patties to find worms for fishing and then piercing the wriggling creature (while they squirt poop all over you) onto a sharp hook. Once you catch a fish, you take it off the hook, scale it, and gut it...and all of this by your little lonesome.
'Country' is being chased around a barn lot by an eighteen hundred pound Simbrah bull named Austin, who just wants to 'play'.
You see, I could go on forever with this.
Claiming to be 'country' and actually being 'country' are two very different things.
Until you've had unmentionable animal secretions flung on you, enjoyed a cow chip fight (hopefully dry ones), sought the quiet solitude of the woods when you were upset, or suffered a groundhog bite while trying to save the critter from the snapping jaws of your dog, you can't really call yourself 'country'.


The watch designed and manufactured by Ferrara is far from ordinary. The Ferrara watch collection, Regulator, is nothing less than a stunning technical innovation that caused quite a stir at the international conference on watch making in Basilea. Why? Simply because this watch changes the way one reads the time off the watch face.
Where the conventional wrist watch indicates time with two or three hands that all move in the same circle with each hour overlapping the previous one in a succession of 12 hours, the Ferrara Regulator features three dials all situated on the same face. One dial and hand indicates hours, one indicates minutes and one indicates seconds. Each has its own hand which moves in both a circular and vertical motion, hence there is no overlapping - a rather harmonious and entirely elegant movement.
Although watches as unconventional as the Carlo Ferrara Regulator are often considered to be collectors' items, or intended for an elite buyer - the design and mechanics of this unique masterpiece will appeal to any watch enthusiast with an appreciation for precision instruments.
The Ferrara watch is available with a stainless steel or 18k gold case with white, solid silver, black or gray faces and with roman or Arabic numberings.


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The iPad Mini 2 (formerly marketed as the iPad mini with Retina display, officially iPad mini 2 with Retina display) is a tablet computer produced and marketed by Apple Inc. It has a nearly identical design to its predecessor the first-generation iPad Mini, but features internal revisions such as the addition of the A7 system-on-a-chip and 2,048 x 1,536 resolution Retina Display. Internally, the second-generation iPad Mini has nearly the same hardware as its sibling device, the iPad Air (1st generation). Apple released the second-generation iPad Mini in space gray and silver colors on November 12, 2013.

History
The second-generation iPad Mini was announced during a keynote at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts on October 22, 2013. The theme of the keynote was 'We still have a lot to cover.' The iPad Mini 2 was then released on October 23, 2013 in Silver and Space Grey colors. It was initially released with IOS 7.0.3, but cellular models were initially released with iOS 7.0. Rumours of the iPad mini 2 being released with iOS 6 spanned around the web; however, it was unveiled supporting iOS 7. On March 21, 2017, the iPad mini 2 was discontinued along with the iPad Air 2 with the announcement of the 2017 iPad and was no longer sold through Apple but continued to support major software revisions. iOS 12 is the last major software release supported by the iPad mini 2. Apple has confirmed the A7 SoC used on the iPad mini 2 is not powerful enough to run iPadOS 13 or higher, leaving the only models in the iPad mini line supporting newer iOS versions as of January 18, 2022 being the iPad Mini 4, IPad Mini (5th generation), and iPad Mini (6th generation). The latest version the iPad mini 2 supports is IOS 12.5.7, released on January 23, 2023.

Features

Software

The second-generation iPad Mini was released with the iOS 7 operating system, which debuted shortly earlier than the iPad, on September 18, 2013. Apple's chief designer, Jony Ive, described the update of iOS 7's new elements as "bringing order to complexity", highlighting features such as refined typography, new icons, translucency, layering, physics, and gyroscope-driven parallaxing as some of the major changes to the design. The design of both iOS 7 and OS X Mavericks (version 10.9) noticeably departed from previous skeuomorphic design elements such as green felt in Game Center, wood in Newsstand, and leather in Calendar, in favor of a flat, colourful design.

The iPad mini can act as a hotspot with some carriers, sharing its Internet connection over Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or USB, and also access the Apple App Store, a digital application distribution platform for iOS. The service allows users to browse and download applications from the iTunes Store that were developed with Xcode and the iOS SDK and were published through Apple. From the App Store, GarageBand, iMovie, iPhoto, and the iWork apps (Pages, Keynote, and Numbers) are available.

The second-generation iPad Mini comes with several pre-installed applications, including Siri, Safari, Mail, Photos, Video, Music, iTunes, App Store, Maps, Notes, Calendar, Game Center, Photo Booth, and Contacts. Like all iOS devices, the iPad can sync content and other data with a Mac or PC using iTunes, although iOS 5 and later can be managed and backed up without a computer. Although the tablet is not designed to make phone calls over a cellular network, users can use a headset or the built-in speaker and microphone to place phone calls over Wi-Fi or cellular using a VoIP application, such as Skype. The device has a dictation application, using the same voice recognition technology as the iPhone 4S. This enables users to speak and the iPad types what they say on the screen, though the iPad must have an internet connection available (via Wi-Fi or cellular network) due to the feature's reliance on Apple servers to translate the speech.

The second-generation iPad Mini has an optional iBooks application, which displays books and other ePub-format content downloaded from the iBookstore. Several major book publishers including Penguin Books, HarperCollins, Simon & Schuster and Macmillan have committed to publishing books for the device. Despite being a direct competitor to both the Amazon Kindle and Barnes & Noble Nook, both Amazon.com and Barnes & Noble offer e-reader apps for the iPad.

The iPad mini 2 supported 6 major iOS versions, which go by iOS 7, iOS 8, iOS 9, iOS 10, iOS 11, and iOS 12. The iPad mini 2 was the first iPad mini to support 6 major versions, and receive full support for all of them. It is also the first 64-bit iPad mini (the original iPad mini was the last 32-bit iPad).

The iPad mini 2 has not been supported past iOS 12 due to the hardware limitations of its A7 chip.

Design

The second-generation iPad Mini largely has the same design as the first iPad Mini. One notable change is the inclusion of a Retina Display, matching the screen resolution of the full-sized Retina iPad models. The slate-colored back panel of the first-generation iPad Mini was discontinued in favor of "space grey", a black color, and the white color still remains.

Hardware
Although the second-generation iPad Mini inherits hardware components from the iPhone 5S, such as its 64-bit Apple A7 system-on-chip and Apple M7 motion processor, it uses the same home button as its predecessor and therefore does not support the Touch ID fingerprint sensor. It also includes a 5 megapixel rear-facing camera, a 1.2 MP FaceTime HD front-facing camera, support for 802.11n Wi-Fi networking, and an estimated 10 hours of battery life.

As with all previous generations of iPad hardware, there are four buttons and one switch on the second-generation iPad Mini. With the device in its portrait orientation, these are: a "home" button on the face of the device under the display that returns the user to the home screen, a wake/sleep button on the top edge of the device, and two buttons on the upper right side of the device performing volume up/down functions, under which is a switch whose function varies according to device settings, functioning either to switch the device into or out of silent mode or to lock/unlock the orientation of the screen. In addition, the WiFi only version weighs 331 grams while the cellular model weighs 341 grams – slightly more than their respective predecessors. The display responds to other sensors: an ambient light sensor to adjust screen brightness and a 3-axis accelerometer to sense orientation and switch between portrait and landscape modes. Unlike the iPhone and iPod Touch's built-in applications, which work in three orientations (portrait, landscape-left and landscape-right), the iPad's built-in applications support screen rotation in all four orientations, including upside-down. Consequently, the device has no intrinsic "native" orientation; only the relative position of the home button changes.

The audio playback of the second-generation iPad Mini is in stereo with two speakers located on either side of the lightning connector.

The second-generation iPad Mini is available with 16, 32, 64 or 128 GB of internal flash memory, with no expansion option. Apple sells a "camera connection kit" with an SD card reader, but it can only be used to transfer photos and videos.

All second-generation iPad Mini models can connect to a wireless LAN and offer dual band Wi-Fi support. The tablet is also manufactured either with or without the capability to communicate over a cellular network. The second-generation iPad Mini (as well as the iPad Air) cellular model comes in two variants, both of which support nano-SIMs, quad-band GSM, penta-band UMTS, and dual-band CDMA EV-DO Rev. A and B. Additionally, one variant also supports LTE bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25 and 26 while the other variant supports LTE bands 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 18, 19, 20 and TD-LTE bands 38, 39 and 40. Apple's ability to handle many different bands in one device allowed it to offer, for the first time, a single iPad variant which supports all the cellular bands and technologies deployed by all the major North American wireless providers at the time of the device's introduction.

Timeline

Reception

Critical reception
Writing for TechRadar, Gareth Beavis awarded the second-generation iPad Mini a rating of 4.5 out of 5. Beavis praises the Retina display and A7 chip's performance, and states that its "design is still the best in the tablet category." However, he does criticize the price increase.  On his website, AnandTech, Anand Lal Shimpi highly compliments the design and increased speed of the second-generation iPad Mini while lamenting the limited color palette, stating "...it's a shame that this is a tradeoff that exists between the two iPads especially given how good Apple is about sRGB coverage in nearly all of its other displays." Despite some criticisms, such as the quality of the camera, Jeffrey Van Camp of Digital Trends gave the second-generation iPad Mini a score of 4.5 out of 5. He writes: "The iPad Mini 2 is our favorite tablet of 2013. With a powerful 64-bit A7 processor and a high-resolution 'Retina' screen, it finishes the job that Apple started with the first iPad Mini."

See also
Comparison of:
iOS devices
Tablet computers
E-book readers

Notes

References

External links

 – official site

Mini 2
iPad Mini (2nd generation)
Tablet computers
Touchscreen portable media players
Tablet computers introduced in 2013
Products and services discontinued in 2019


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text:
Adam McKay on 'The Iron Virgin,' the Rise of Trump, and His Aborted Reagan Alzheimer's Project
COMEDY WIZARD
The Oscar-winning director of 'The Big Short' and 'Anchorman' dishes on his new ESPN 30 for 30 short, upcoming superhero movie 'Irredeemable,' and much more.
Updated Jul. 12, 2017 7:25PM ET / Published May. 11, 2016 6:54AM ET
Caroline McCredie/Getty Images for Paramount Pictures International
One of the funniest—and frankly, random—films to emerge at this year's Tribeca Film Festival was A.C. Green: The Iron Virgin, a satirical exploration of the NBA's Iron Man who, whilst playing on perhaps the most debauched, sex-crazy team in professional sports history, clung to his virginity like a suckling babe to a teat.
Director Isaac Feder's 8-minute short, which airs May 13th on ESPN, features humorous interviews with Green's Lakers comrades, including James Worthy, Byron Scott, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, and Jerry West, who tell wild stories of sending girls to Green's room to tempt him, placing bets on whether he'd hold out, and the crazy sexcapades of the squad known as "Showtime," which included regular orgies at ringleader Magic Johnson's L.A. mansion.
The Iron Virgin is produced by Gary Sanchez Productions, the company run by Oscar-winning filmmaker Adam McKay (The Big Short, Anchorman), and his good pal/collaborative partner Will Ferrell, who also narrates the wacky proceedings.
"I was driving to a basketball game with my friend, Todd [Schulman], who's a producer on this, and we were talking about things we'd like to see on 30 for 30, and we both thought, 'How come nobody's done the A.C. Green story?'" McKay tells The Daily Beast. "The more we looked into it, the better it got: that he came up during the most debauched party time, 'showtime' era, and how his teammates would try to tempt him and it would just make him laugh. And the fact that it all led to him becoming the NBA's all-time Iron Man, it's just a crazy story."
Yes, Green hold's the distinction of being the NBA's Iron Man, or the most durable player in league history, having not missed a single game from Nov. 19, 1986, all the way to his final game on April 18, 2001—a grand total of 1,192 consecutive games played. Oh, and he did it all as a virgin. Green retired in 2001, married his wife Veronique the following year, and finally got it in.
Denver native McKay, 48, says he grew up a Celtics fan but then converted to the Knicks after moving to New York. Though, since moving out to L.A., he's started to grow an affinity towards his hometown Clippers—and says he may fully convert if Knicks GM Phil Jackson goes ahead and inks his pal, Kurt Rambis, as the team's head coach. "Honest to god, if they hire Kurt Rambis as their coach, I'm no longer a Knicks fan. I'm done," he says. "I'll fully become a Clippers fan at that point. That would be the dumbest hire in professional sports. I have no idea what's going on there! Go hire the guy from Indiana [Frank Vogel] or something, loosen up on the triangle."
This sad Knicks fan could not agree more.
But, the never-ending calamity that is the New York Knickerbockers aside, McKay found himself in the middle of a truly bizarre nontroversy recently when the Gary Sanchez-produced Reagan, a film project rumored to star Will Ferrell as the late Republican commander-in-chief as he struggles with the effects of Alzheimer's during his second term, came under heavy fire from conservatives—including members of Reagan's own family—for allegedly mocking the oft-heralded politician. The problem? Nobody really knew if the film was going to mock Reagan for his illness. Outlets simply saw Ferrell as a rumored candidate for the role and their imaginations ran amok.
"I've never been that close to a story like that where so little information became such a tidal wave. It was really crazy to behold," says McKay. "People hadn't even read the script, it was just three words: 'Reagan, Ferrell, Alzheimer's,' and it became this huge thing. Finally, The Hollywood Reporter wrote a piece where they actually read the script and thought it was a really thoughtful script and tender towards Reagan, but yeah, it's this culture we live in. It's all about clicks, clicks, clicks, and hits, hits, hits." "I kept saying when that story snowballed, 'Is there anyone who really thinks Will Ferrell would make a comedy about a horrible disease likeAlzheimer's?' In a million years no one would do that!" he continues. "You'd have people on the left and right coming after you. I think it's more about the deification of Ronald Reagan, where you can't go near the subject of Ronald Reagan. Remember all the brouhaha over that Reagan miniseries? That miniseries was so soft, but nobody wants to hear anything near the reality of Reagan's eight years as president."
Also, McKay says, "Will wasn't even attached to do the movie! He was just looking at it. It didn't even have a director yet or was set up. It was just one of 30 projects Will was looking at." Nonetheless, Ferrell was forced to formally announce his separation from the project.
Because of the numerous—and erroneous—media reports, from both the Hollywood trades and right-wing websites, McKay found himself in the crosshairs of a mad-as-hell fraternity of conservatives who flooded his office with threatening letters and phone calls. "It was scary, man. There are some scary people out there who respond to stuff like that," says McKay, dead serious. "There were scary messages left at our office. Stuff like, 'How dare you say anything bad about Ronald Reagan, you better watch your back.' Some very scary voicemails."
Before he earned his Academy bona fides with The Big Short, McKay was chiefly known as comedy director, having helmed hits like Anchorman, Talladega Nights, Step Brothers, and The Other Guys, and also writing and producing the 2012 political comedy The Campaign. And McKay, an outspoken Democrat, also directed and co-wrote the 2009 Broadway play You're Welcome America. A Final Night with George W Bush, which saw Ferrell reprise his George W. Bush character from SNL.
Despite the lowly Dubya years, the political climate has gotten even crazier now, as epitomized by the rise of former Celebrity Apprentice host Donald J. Trump, now the presumptive Republican nominee for president. When asked whether, given how insane things have become, it's difficult to pull off political comedy these days, McKay pauses. "I think it's incredibly hard. I mean, what do you really do? You almost just need to have someone on camera just screaming!" he exclaims. "How do you make fun of Ted Cruz? Do you remember the odd candidate character Will Forte used to do on SNL? It's exactly like Ted Cruz. When Trump talked about the size of his dick in that debate, I annoyed everyone around me because all day long I kept bringing it up. It's really remarkable. You're really seeing America just completely unravel."
While McKay has voiced his support for Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders, it's looking increasingly like the race for the White House will come down to Trump and Hillary Clinton. And McKay warns his fellow Dems to not sleep on The Donald. "It's going to be a competitive race. I know everyone wants to believe it's not, but it is," says McKay. "I remember when Bush had his first debate against Gore, and I thought, 'Oh my god, you've got to be kidding me, this is over with, this guy's a clown,' and then sure enough." He pauses. "For twenty years now, we've been saying, 'We've got to be careful, we're heading down a bad path, America is going to become a banana republic,' well, we're here. All the stuff we were worried about for the past twenty years, we're here. Crazy, rampant income inequality, destroying our manufacturing base, education falling apart, the news turning into a for-profit machine where each consumer can just pick the pocket of news that agrees with them—we're here. And Donald Trump is the kind of guy who would be president of a banana republic, and there's a large chunk of our country that has a lot of similarities—when you look at income inequality, infant mortality rates, literacy rates—to third world countries. It's really heartbreaking."
It's not all doom and gloom for McKay, however. Just last week, the news broke that McKay would be directing the upcoming superhero film Irredeemable, based on the Boom! comic book series of the same name, and written by screenwriter Tommy Wirkola (Dead Snow). For years, McKay had flirted with directing a superhero film for Marvel—and even rewrote the first Ant-Man film, as well as its upcoming sequel Ant-Man and the Wasp, hitting theaters in 2018.
"I'm rewriting the second Ant-Man movie, so I still love working with Marvel. They just have their storyline so mapped out for so many years to come—until like 2021 or something—that it's hard to casually jump in on these projects," he says. "Marvel knows exactly what they're doing, man. I was blown away from working with them about the good taste that they have. Kevin Feige just has a great sense of what works. But Paul Rudd and [director] Peyton Reed are really good friends, so I had a fun time doing a draft of the last Ant-Man, and I'm having a good time working on the next one."
He says he envisions Irredeemable as a multi-film franchise—and one that will put a new spin on comic book movies.
"It's a franchise, for sure," says McKay. "What I love about it is it's a whole new world of superheroes. I've been begging studios, saying, 'You don't just have to do DC or Marvel, there are so many other superhero worlds,' and this one has such a cool, new edge to it. Deadpool was pretty darn impressive and Suicide Squad looks really cool, and I think this fits into those as a new kind of superhero movie."
Since the project is just in the planning stages, McKay isn't even sure if it'll be his next film. And while superheroes are a passion of his, the one subject he hopes to tackle the most on film is climate change.
"The biggest story in the history of mankind is climate change, so I'm interested in cracking that," he says. "I have a few ideas I'm toying around with. I had a great time working on The Big Short, so there's no question that I'll go back to doing something like that that tackles a big, pressing issue in our society."


Digital Cinema Implementation Partners, LLC (DCIP) and Regal, a subsidiary of the Cineworld Group, announced that Regal has selected DCIP's enterprise software solution, Cinergy, to manage its theater circuit across the United States.
Regal, a subsidiary of the Cineworld Group, operates one of the largest and most geographically diverse theatre circuits in the United States, consisting of 7,210 screens in 550 theatres in 43 states along with American Samoa, the District of Columbia, Guam and Saipan as of February 28, 2019. We believe that the size, reach and quality of the company's theatre circuit provides its patrons with a convenient and enjoyable movie-going experience. We are committed to being "The Best Place to Watch a Movie!" Additional information is available on Regal's website at www.REGmovies.com.
DCIP is a joint venture owned equally by exhibition industry leaders AMC Entertainment Inc., Cinemark Holdings, Inc. and Regal, a subsidiary of Cineworld Group plc. Formed over 10 years ago to facilitate the upgrade from 35mm to digital projection technology, DCIP has overseen the conversion of more than 18,000 screens across the United States, Canada and Latin America, and continues to provide management services and facilitate information flow for its deployment footprint and exhibition and distribution partners.
As part of the monumental transition from film print to digital technology, DCIP developed extensive expertise in managing vast amounts of information throughout its digital network, which led to the creation of Cinergy, a scalable centralized enterprise software suite developed to help exhibitors and distributors better monitor and manage cinema execution, presentation and quality assurance, utilizing information that was not centrally available prior to the industry's conversion. Additional information regarding DCIP and Cinergy is available at www.dcip.com and www.cinergy.software.


David Clarke has got a little truth to tell about a forbidden subject.
Clarke noted that Clinton is a recipient of the Margaret Sanger Award, named after the founder of Planned Parenthood.
"She embraces that award. She embraces the support of an organization that kills more black babies than any other race," he said.
He observed that the Democratic Party has a history of racism from the Civil War through its unsuccessful attempt to block the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
He also took on Republicans who, dissatisfied with Trump as the presumptive Republican presidential nominee, have said they're going to sit this election out.
"When I hear crazy talk like running another candidate or writing someone else's name in, that is tantamount to playing Russian roulette with a semi-automatic handgun," Clarke said.
Clip via Fox News Channel.


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Baylor Baseball: Five Questions to Answer Entering 2022
Baylor OF Jared McKenzie (Photo courtesy of Baylor)
By Joe Healy
Baylor last season couldn't have come any closer to making the postseason. In fact, after a late-season slide that included going 0-2 in the Big 12 Tournament, the Bears were announced as team number 65 at the end of the selection committee's deliberations.
On paper, Baylor has the roster returning in 2022 to ensure that it doesn't get left out again. It brings back a majority of the most productive players from last season's lineup, returns experienced options on the mound and supplemented the roster well with newcomers, including some transfers from four-year schools.
These are five questions facing the Bears as they look to get back to playing June baseball next season.
Is there more ceiling for Jared McKenzie to reach?
McKenzie, a third-year sophomore, has been the centerpiece of the Baylor lineup over the last two seasons. In the canceled 2020 season, he provided a taste of what was to come by hitting .406. Then, in 2021, he broke out in a big way over a full season with a .383/.453/.626 slash line with 10 home runs.
Those numbers led Baylor in all three slash line categories and the 10 home runs were good for second on the team behind catcher Andy Thomas' 11 homers. With a .389 career average, he will also go into his third season as Baylor's all-time leader in batting average. And to top it off, he does all of that while serving as a competent center fielder. He doesn't need to do anything else to prove that he's the guy that will make the Bears' lineup go and that he's one of the best players in the Big 12.
He did have a tough go of it in the Cape Cod League over the summer, however, hitting .225/.316/.245 with 36 strikeouts compared to 11 walks, which will no doubt leave professional evaluators eager to see him produce again in 2022.
In good news for those evaluators and for the Baylor program, McKenzie is still making strides.
"I don't know if you've seen the full Jared McKenzie yet," said Baylor coach Steve Rodriguez. "His arm has gotten significantly stronger. His power has really started to develop this year, and he's turned himself, in my opinion, into a top round—I'm talking like (round) one, compensation, (round) two—pick, and it might go as high as (round) one. There's a lot of guys who really like him because he's not a burner, but he plays like he is in the outfield and he runs the bases faster than his times might show."
The baseline for what to expect from McKenzie is so high at this point that any real marked improvement next season will put him on the short list of the favorites to win Big 12 player of the year honors.
What's next for Jack Pineda and Tre Richardson in the middle infield?
Quietly, second baseman Tre Richardson and shortstop Jack Pineda gave Baylor one of the most dynamic double-play combinations in the country last season.
Pineda, now a fourth-year junior, hit .327/.430/.493 with 16 doubles, which tied him for the team lead, and 33 walks, which led the club. Richardson, a third-year sophomore, put up a .308/.389/.463 slash line with 16 doubles and 37 RBIs, which trailed just Thomas and McKenzie.
Richardson's performance is all the more impressive when you consider that it was his first extended playing time since his junior season of high school. Recall that he enrolled early at Baylor to play as a freshman in 2020, only to have that season wiped out. That kept him from getting as many game reps as he otherwise would have, but perhaps more importantly, it delayed his ability to hit the ground running in the strength and conditioning program. That's been remedied in recent months.
"It was really important for him to do that," Rodriguez said. "That's one of the things that I think was most important for him was to gain that strength, to be the full grown man that he can be like he is now and really be able to attack the baseball. It's been really impressive watching him hit."
Rodriguez, a former middle infielder himself, also lauds the pair's feel for the game and coachability, traits it never hurts for two of your best players to have.
"Those two have great instincts. They are so fun to work with," he said. "They understand where I'm coming from with a lot of things. If I get upset, they completely get it, but it's really hard to get upset with those guys because there's never an opportunity where I go 'oh my gosh, what were you thinking?' "
Perhaps Richardson and Pineda will continue to fly under the radar nationally as the 2022 season unfolds, but if they can improve upon the way they played last season, flying under the radar might not be possible.
Who takes over at catcher?
Baylor has been somewhat spoiled at catcher in recent years. From 2017 through last season, the Bears either had Shea Langeliers, a first-round pick of the Braves in 2019, or Andy Thomas, a .327/.422/.489 career hitter, at the position.
In 2022, Baylor will be starting basically from scratch at the position. All three of the primary options coming out of the fall have experience at the college level, but none have been full-time starters.
Abilene Christian transfer Harrison Caley, a sophomore and the twin brother of Baylor lefthander Cam Caley, comes to Waco after hitting .235/.385/.275 last season for the Wildcats. The coaching staff took note of how well he handled himself in the Bears' recent exhibition against the Rangers instructional league team.
Fifth-year senior Ian Groves, a transfer from Tarleton State, is also in the mix. He hit .269/.338/.504 with six home runs in 119 career at-bats over two seasons with the Texans. If his plus raw power can help him produce at a similar rate over a full season at Baylor, he can be a run producer in the lineup.
Third-year sophomore Nicolas Balsano will also have something to say about how things shake out. He arrived in Waco the season after Langeliers departed, but he's been waiting patiently the last two seasons behind Thomas. He doesn't have much of a track record, as he has appeared in just six games at Baylor, but he has the experience and comfort that comes with having been in the program, and that could give him a leg up.
In a perfect world, Baylor finds a catcher who, in the mold of Langeliers and Thomas, is a steady hand defensively and can also hit in the middle of the order, but for right now, the Bears are likely just concerned with finding the guy who is prepared to handle the rigors of catching a full season in the Big 12 and can best work with a talented pitching staff.
Arkansas Righthander, 2022 Draft Prospect Peyton Pallette Out For Season With UCL Injury
The 2022 draft class and college baseball world received tough injury news Thursday morning.
What are the early impressions of Jake Jackson?
Fifth-year senior righthander Jake Jackson is, on paper, the most impactful transfer on the Baylor roster ahead of 2022. In four seasons at Nevada, Jackson piled up 216 innings, most of them as a starter, and three times earned all-conference honors.
His 5.46 career ERA might not stand out as a particularly stellar number, but context is important here. Jackson was pitching his games in an extreme hitter's environment in Reno in a conference that was full of good hitter's environments.
"I said 'hey look, there's a lot of wind here, you're going to be playing in some different environments in regards to weather,' and he was like 'Coach, man, I was up in Reno, it can't get much worse than that, trying to pitch up there,' " Rodriguez recounted.
Going into 2022, Jackson is expected to compete for a spot in the Baylor weekend rotation, and he's got a lot going for him, even aside from his experience. With just 55 career walks issued at Nevada, including 22 in 84.2 innings in 2021, he pounds the strike zone. And while he doesn't have standout stuff, necessarily, it's more than good enough. His fastball touches the low 90s with his spin rate helping it play up a bit, with a high-70s slider serving as his best secondary pitch.
"I'll tell you what, the energy level he brings, the excitement he brings, it's really been impressive," Rodriguez said.
Under Rodriguez and pitching coach Jon Strauss, Baylor has never had the biggest arms in the conference or the pitchers with the most hype surrounding them, but they always get production out of the group they put together. In that way, Jackson seems like a perfect fit.
Who else is in the mix in the rotation?
Beyond Jackson, there are two obvious rotation candidates on the roster in fifth-year senior lefthander Tyler Thomas and fourth-year junior righthander Blake Helton.
Thomas has had a bit of an up-and-down career with the Bears, but when he's been good, he's been really good. He had a 3.38 ERA in 53.1 innings as a starter as a freshman in 2018, and just last season, he had a 2.49 ERA in 65 innings across 11 starts. In between those two seasons, he had a 6.68 ERA in a swing role in 2019 and then threw exclusively out of the bullpen before the season was canceled in 2020.
He's not been a pitcher who typically gets hit hard, as shown by a .216 career opponent batting average, but throwing strikes has been an issue from time to time. If he can keep the control issues in check, as he did last season, he should again be a solid piece of the rotation puzzle.
Helton emerged last season and put up a 3.44 ERA in 52.1 innings while leading the team in starts with 13. He worked primarily with two pitches in 2021: a fastball that averaged a touch below 90 mph and a low-80s slider. He doesn't miss a ton of bats, so locating everything well and avoiding barrels is paramount.
Even with Jackson, Thomas and Helton making up a clear trio of proven starters, the coaching staff came out of the fall with an open mind about everything on the mound.
"This is one of those fun years where nothing is clear cut for us," Rodriguez said.
Junior college transfer righthander Brett Garcia will also look to elbow his way into the rotation competition. After beginning his career at UC Irvine, Garcia spent the 2021 season at Cypress (Calif.) College, where he had a 4.41 ERA in 32.2 innings across seven starts.
The aforementioned Cam Caley, a sophomore, is also in the mix after he started eight games among his 13 appearances last season. He had a 4.79 ERA but just a .222 opponent batting average in 35.2 innings, leading with a fastball that averaged around 88 mph.
Another newcomer to watch who will certainly have a role to play on the mound, even if it's not in the rotation, is fifth-year senior lefthander Matt Voelker, a transfer from Loyola Marymount. A good athlete who played both ways for the Lions, he has been primarily a reliever in his career, putting up a 4.67 ERA and 14 saves in 125.1 innings. He works with a high-80s fastball and a slider that had a 37% whiff rate in 2021.
The real wild card, in the rotation and on the pitching staff more generally, is third-year sophomore righthander Will Rigney. The Waco native was a top 100 draft prospect coming out of high school in 2019 and the top recruit in Baylor's class that year, but his career hasn't gotten off the ground yet, mostly due to injuries.
Now that thoracic outlet surgery is behind him, there's hope that he can make good on some of his promise in 2022. If he's healthy, he's a big arm who could greatly raise the ceiling for what Baylor's staff is capable of.
2022 MLB Draft Stock Watch: Five Up-Arrow Prospects
Below are five players who have trended up 2022 draft boards significantly over the last six months or so, and reasons for those ascents.
Future Four: 2022 Draft-Eligible Righthanders To Know
In this week's edition we will flip to the other side of the mound and begin digging in on our first quartet of college righthanders.
2022 Top 100 Draft Analysis And Breakdown
While you can see scouting reports for every player with our top 100 list, here we are going to dive into the class a bit more.


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Calcium dysregulation via L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels and ryanodine receptors underlies memory deficits and synaptic dysfunction during chronic neuroinflammation
Sarah C Hopp, Heather M. D'Angelo, Sarah E. Royer, Roxanne M. Kaercher, Alexis M. Crockett, Linda Adzovic, Gary L. Wenk
Background: Chronic neuroinflammation and calcium (Ca+2) dysregulation are both components of Alzheimer's disease. Prolonged neuroinflammation produces elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species which can alter neuronal Ca+2 homeostasis via L-type voltage-dependent Ca+2 channels (L-VDCCs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs). Chronic neuroinflammation also leads to deficits in spatial memory, which may be related to Ca+2 dysregulation. Methods: The studies herein use an in vivo model of chronic neuroinflammation: rats were infused intraventricularly with a continuous small dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) for 28days. The rats were treated with the L-VDCC antagonist nimodipine or the RyR antagonist dantrolene. Results: LPS-infused rats had significant memory deficits in the Morris water maze, and this deficit was ameliorated by treatment with nimodipine. Synaptosomes from LPS-infused rats had increased Ca+2 uptake, which was reduced by a blockade of L-VDCCs either in vivo or ex vivo. Conclusions: Taken together, these data indicate that Ca+2 dysregulation during chronic neuroinflammation is partially dependent on increases in L-VDCC function. However, blockade of the RyRs also slightly improved spatial memory of the LPS-infused rats, demonstrating that other Ca+2 channels are dysregulated during chronic neuroinflammation. Ca+2-dependent immediate early gene expression was reduced in LPS-infused rats treated with dantrolene or nimodipine, indicating normalized synaptic function that may underlie improvements in spatial memory. Pro-inflammatory markers are also reduced in LPS-infused rats treated with either drug. Overall, these data suggest that Ca+2 dysregulation via L-VDCCs and RyRs play a crucial role in memory deficits resulting from chronic neuroinflammation.
Journal of Neuroinflammation
L-Type Calcium Channels
Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel
Lipopolysaccharides
Dantrolene
Immediate-Early Genes
Synaptosomes
L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels
Ryanodine receptors
Spatial memory
Hopp, S. C., D'Angelo, H. M., Royer, S. E., Kaercher, R. M., Crockett, A. M., Adzovic, L., & Wenk, G. L. (2015). Calcium dysregulation via L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels and ryanodine receptors underlies memory deficits and synaptic dysfunction during chronic neuroinflammation. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 12(1), [56]. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-015-0262-3
Calcium dysregulation via L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels and ryanodine receptors underlies memory deficits and synaptic dysfunction during chronic neuroinflammation. / Hopp, Sarah C; D'Angelo, Heather M.; Royer, Sarah E.; Kaercher, Roxanne M.; Crockett, Alexis M.; Adzovic, Linda; Wenk, Gary L.
In: Journal of Neuroinflammation, Vol. 12, No. 1, 56, 25.03.2015.
Hopp, SC, D'Angelo, HM, Royer, SE, Kaercher, RM, Crockett, AM, Adzovic, L & Wenk, GL 2015, 'Calcium dysregulation via L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels and ryanodine receptors underlies memory deficits and synaptic dysfunction during chronic neuroinflammation', Journal of Neuroinflammation, vol. 12, no. 1, 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-015-0262-3
Hopp SC, D'Angelo HM, Royer SE, Kaercher RM, Crockett AM, Adzovic L et al. Calcium dysregulation via L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels and ryanodine receptors underlies memory deficits and synaptic dysfunction during chronic neuroinflammation. Journal of Neuroinflammation. 2015 Mar 25;12(1). 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-015-0262-3
Hopp, Sarah C ; D'Angelo, Heather M. ; Royer, Sarah E. ; Kaercher, Roxanne M. ; Crockett, Alexis M. ; Adzovic, Linda ; Wenk, Gary L. / Calcium dysregulation via L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels and ryanodine receptors underlies memory deficits and synaptic dysfunction during chronic neuroinflammation. In: Journal of Neuroinflammation. 2015 ; Vol. 12, No. 1.
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title = "Calcium dysregulation via L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels and ryanodine receptors underlies memory deficits and synaptic dysfunction during chronic neuroinflammation",
abstract = "Background: Chronic neuroinflammation and calcium (Ca+2) dysregulation are both components of Alzheimer's disease. Prolonged neuroinflammation produces elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species which can alter neuronal Ca+2 homeostasis via L-type voltage-dependent Ca+2 channels (L-VDCCs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs). Chronic neuroinflammation also leads to deficits in spatial memory, which may be related to Ca+2 dysregulation. Methods: The studies herein use an in vivo model of chronic neuroinflammation: rats were infused intraventricularly with a continuous small dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) for 28days. The rats were treated with the L-VDCC antagonist nimodipine or the RyR antagonist dantrolene. Results: LPS-infused rats had significant memory deficits in the Morris water maze, and this deficit was ameliorated by treatment with nimodipine. Synaptosomes from LPS-infused rats had increased Ca+2 uptake, which was reduced by a blockade of L-VDCCs either in vivo or ex vivo. Conclusions: Taken together, these data indicate that Ca+2 dysregulation during chronic neuroinflammation is partially dependent on increases in L-VDCC function. However, blockade of the RyRs also slightly improved spatial memory of the LPS-infused rats, demonstrating that other Ca+2 channels are dysregulated during chronic neuroinflammation. Ca+2-dependent immediate early gene expression was reduced in LPS-infused rats treated with dantrolene or nimodipine, indicating normalized synaptic function that may underlie improvements in spatial memory. Pro-inflammatory markers are also reduced in LPS-infused rats treated with either drug. Overall, these data suggest that Ca+2 dysregulation via L-VDCCs and RyRs play a crucial role in memory deficits resulting from chronic neuroinflammation.",
keywords = "Calcium, L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels, Neuroinflammation, Ryanodine receptors, Spatial memory",
author = "Hopp, {Sarah C} and D'Angelo, {Heather M.} and Royer, {Sarah E.} and Kaercher, {Roxanne M.} and Crockett, {Alexis M.} and Linda Adzovic and Wenk, {Gary L.}",
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AU - Hopp, Sarah C
AU - D'Angelo, Heather M.
AU - Royer, Sarah E.
AU - Kaercher, Roxanne M.
AU - Crockett, Alexis M.
AU - Adzovic, Linda
AU - Wenk, Gary L.
N2 - Background: Chronic neuroinflammation and calcium (Ca+2) dysregulation are both components of Alzheimer's disease. Prolonged neuroinflammation produces elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species which can alter neuronal Ca+2 homeostasis via L-type voltage-dependent Ca+2 channels (L-VDCCs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs). Chronic neuroinflammation also leads to deficits in spatial memory, which may be related to Ca+2 dysregulation. Methods: The studies herein use an in vivo model of chronic neuroinflammation: rats were infused intraventricularly with a continuous small dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) for 28days. The rats were treated with the L-VDCC antagonist nimodipine or the RyR antagonist dantrolene. Results: LPS-infused rats had significant memory deficits in the Morris water maze, and this deficit was ameliorated by treatment with nimodipine. Synaptosomes from LPS-infused rats had increased Ca+2 uptake, which was reduced by a blockade of L-VDCCs either in vivo or ex vivo. Conclusions: Taken together, these data indicate that Ca+2 dysregulation during chronic neuroinflammation is partially dependent on increases in L-VDCC function. However, blockade of the RyRs also slightly improved spatial memory of the LPS-infused rats, demonstrating that other Ca+2 channels are dysregulated during chronic neuroinflammation. Ca+2-dependent immediate early gene expression was reduced in LPS-infused rats treated with dantrolene or nimodipine, indicating normalized synaptic function that may underlie improvements in spatial memory. Pro-inflammatory markers are also reduced in LPS-infused rats treated with either drug. Overall, these data suggest that Ca+2 dysregulation via L-VDCCs and RyRs play a crucial role in memory deficits resulting from chronic neuroinflammation.
AB - Background: Chronic neuroinflammation and calcium (Ca+2) dysregulation are both components of Alzheimer's disease. Prolonged neuroinflammation produces elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species which can alter neuronal Ca+2 homeostasis via L-type voltage-dependent Ca+2 channels (L-VDCCs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs). Chronic neuroinflammation also leads to deficits in spatial memory, which may be related to Ca+2 dysregulation. Methods: The studies herein use an in vivo model of chronic neuroinflammation: rats were infused intraventricularly with a continuous small dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) for 28days. The rats were treated with the L-VDCC antagonist nimodipine or the RyR antagonist dantrolene. Results: LPS-infused rats had significant memory deficits in the Morris water maze, and this deficit was ameliorated by treatment with nimodipine. Synaptosomes from LPS-infused rats had increased Ca+2 uptake, which was reduced by a blockade of L-VDCCs either in vivo or ex vivo. Conclusions: Taken together, these data indicate that Ca+2 dysregulation during chronic neuroinflammation is partially dependent on increases in L-VDCC function. However, blockade of the RyRs also slightly improved spatial memory of the LPS-infused rats, demonstrating that other Ca+2 channels are dysregulated during chronic neuroinflammation. Ca+2-dependent immediate early gene expression was reduced in LPS-infused rats treated with dantrolene or nimodipine, indicating normalized synaptic function that may underlie improvements in spatial memory. Pro-inflammatory markers are also reduced in LPS-infused rats treated with either drug. Overall, these data suggest that Ca+2 dysregulation via L-VDCCs and RyRs play a crucial role in memory deficits resulting from chronic neuroinflammation.
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