How real are the robots in Spielberg's Extant?
The Steven Spielberg-produced sci-fi drama Extant imagines a world where human-level artifical intelligence is on the cusp of reality -- or perhaps has already evolved, with terrifying implications. Wired.co.uk speaks with Murray Shanahan, Professor of Cognitive Robotics at Imperial College London, and Nicole Carey, who works in Humanoid Robot Research and Development at Engineered Arts, about the biggest developments in real-world AI and just how scared we should be of a robot uprising. "I think one of the things that has impressed me most in robotics and AI recently has been self-driving cars," says Shanahan. "It's actually a pretty mature technology now -- Google has had cars driving around completely autonomously in California, with barely any accidents."
Shanahan is correct -- to date, the only major incidents involving a driverless car have been the fault of us flawed, fleshbags. In 2010, Google engineers said a vehicle was rear-ended at a traffic light, and in 2011, one had a minor fender bender while being manually driven by human. Considering the US has the sixth-highest number of traffic related deaths in the world (the UK sits at a considerably less-lethal 65th when both are counted by total numbers killed), perhaps a little less autonomy could be good. "I think we're going to gradually start to see those things on our streets over the next five to ten years, starting in California and then spreading out throughout the developed world -- no doubt making a lot of taxi drivers pissed off. And I feel sorry for the taxi drivers, I should say, it's not great from their point of view." And cabbies thought Uber was a problem.
Although Carey -- who helped develop Craig, the "RoboThespian" used to help promote Extant in the UK -- says the reduced power consumption is "a huge step towards wider use of robots and the development of more intelligent and adaptable robot behaviours," it's the development of AI personalities that is key to their evolution. "Over the last year we're starting to see a lot more research on what we call 'social hardware' -- robotic and ambient devices with strong 'EQ', or emotional intelligence," Carey says. "Face recognition, expression recognition, vocal analysis and biomimetic hardware can all combine to create machines that can better understand people. Emotionally appropriate responsiveness, fed by interpretation of multimodal communication layers, is more vital in human-robot interactions than literal understanding of speech or textual input."
Carey also points out that one of the "biggest and most obvious developments is Google's acquisition of eight robotics companies at the end of 2013".
She continues, "not necessarily because of what it means in the long term, which is for now purely speculative, but because in the short term it led to such an explosion of public and investor interest in robotics."
The more nuanced level of communication between humans and AI that Carey highlights is also one of Shanahan's picks for key developments. "I'm very impressed with improvements in Apple's Siri and Google Now," he says. "These products that use voice recognition as the basis of personal assistants have been gradually getting better, and you don't notice they've been getting better because they're constantly improving. I find that both recognise almost all of my speech, which is an amazing achievement because just a few years ago, even the best speech recognition systems were pretty crap! Especially if they were meant to work with a variety of different speakers."
Jeopardy as a turning point for the advancement of robots understanding complicated human speech. The show makes it even more complicated by having players give their answers in the form of a question -- "this feathered barnyard animal is known for crossing the road" would be answered "what is a chicken?", for instance. "It's just turning the syntax around, a bit like crossword clues in a way -- they can be kind of cryptic or involve puns, all kinds of things. And it requires a huge amount of general knowledge," the professor says. "[But] they produced an IBM Watson, which played the game and managed to beat the reigning champion. A very impressive piece of technology."
Extant's main AI character -- so far -- is Ethan Woods (eight year-old Pierce Gagnon), the robotic child of astronaut Molly (Halle Berry) and her engineer husband John (Goran Visnjic). Raised from "birth" as a normal child, the Woods aim to teach him human morals as any organic child would. It's an approach that Carey and Shanahan both think is likely to be mirrored in real robotics going forward. "Developing an AI from a 'child' state is a nod to emergent behaviour and self-learning," says Carey. "It is unlikely that true AI can be instigated in a 'top-down' manner, though not impossible.
A more intuitively appealing approach is allowing behaviour and complexity to arise organically from a structure which may have high organisational complexity, but is governed by simple fundamental rules. iCub and CB2 are examples of "childish" robots that learn by themselves, which may be the eventual precursor to something like Ethan." "The writers have convincingly made it seem that Ethan is currently learning a repertoire of emotional behaviours," Shanahan adds. "At one point we see him practising facial expressions in front of a mirror. Perhaps, over time, he will develop real feelings of empathy for humans [or he might] only ever imitate such feelings. In raising these questions, Extant confronts us with difficult philosophical questions about the possibilities of artificial intelligence technology, possibilities that are a way off today but that might become real in the next few decades."
The moral implication of creating what amounts to sentient virtual life is a tricky subject. If an artificial intelligence can develop real emotional responses to stimuli, can or should they be extended rights? How much of an ethical obligation do we owe robots?
"I don't have any sort of philosophical objection to the idea that we might be able to build artificial intelligence in the future that is capable of suffering and therefore deserving of rights," offers Shanahan. "But I think there's different ways that we might build or achieve human level AI. If we take a very biologically inspired routes to achieving it, we build things that are very brain-like, then it's more likely that they will deserve to be attributed emotions and the capacity for suffering." "On the other hand, if we engineer these things from scratch, using a very different kind of technology, then ethics become very hard to say," he continues. "I think there's every chance we can create something that has the appearance of having emotions and feelings but doesn't really. It'll be a very difficult and challenging exercise to untangle all that, philosophically, legally, and so on."
The opposite situation is also a concern though -- how robots and artificial intelligences may react to humans. "People have been thinking a lot about whether, if we do build human level AI, you could then get a sort of super-intelligence -- that the AI could improve itself very rapidly," Shanahan suggests. "If you build it in a certain way you might lose control of it.
[Even] with perfectly benign purposes in mind, it might be very difficult to predict how it's going to achieve its goals. If it's really smart, just as a side effect, it might try to achieve its goals in ways that are very destructive, ways that might try to take resources from humans, for example."
It might sound a touch far-fetched, but some kind of "robot apocalypse" as a result of rogue AI is a potential outcome worth considering. "The Terminator film always comes up in this situation, and it's a bit annoying!" Shanahan says. "There are certain scenarios with a science fiction feel that I think are worth taking seriously -- robots achieving world peace by destroying all humans is a very good example. It might be a rhetorical example but it is one where the robot or AI is simply doing what it was programmed to do, but nobody had worked out what the ramifications were of asking it to do that."
Extant is streamed in the UK on Amazon Instant Video, with new episodes each Thursday at 9pm.


text:
BBFC 15 / R-Rated Version (Region 1)
Minion, The
German DVD
BBFC 15 / R-Rated
Release: Jun 08, 2010 - Author: Jason - Translator: Tony Montana - external link: IMDB
Compared are the German Version by Cine Plus/Planet Media (released as "Knight Of The Apocalypse, FSK 18) and the English Version by Cinema Club/Buena Vista (BBFC 15), which is equal to the US R-Rated Version.
The Minion, actually just a watchable B-Actioner, has officially been released in two different versions:
US Version: The more popular US Version doesn't contain the prolog, which shows a short action sequence that explains how the key to hell is being brought to America by the templers, but the German Version does.
Instead the US Version contains
- some scene and plot extensions, some of them about templers and the key
- two slightly extended action scenes
- another soundtrack with more rock songs and some pop/synthesizer elements.
Furthermore Minion's aura is more sinister in this version, e.g. some offscreen screams are missing in the German Version.
Besides UK, this version is also available in France.
German Version: The German Version begins with the before mentionend back story (including explainations via voice over) which is completely missing in the US Version. On the other hand several plot scenes / extensions are missing plus two short action sequences in the first half. Due to the missing sound effects, the Minion seems to be more human in the German Version. The main difference is the soundtrack: most of the time some ancient orchestral music with bells etc. is being used.
The source of this version is unknown, but it's supposed to be released version in Hong Kong as well.
Labeling one of the versions as the better one is quite a long shot beause the movie is only ok, no more, no less (in either version). Moreover the ideal version would be a mixture of both:
The missing prolog in the US Version is, with regard to the scene extensions, acceptable and the Minion's "demonizing" via the replaced soundtrack is also a positive aspect. Speeking about the soundtrack: here we have the other side of the coin in the US Version. The music itself is way too modern and way too frantic.
In the German Version it's the other way around, the ancient music suits perfectly well but that's the only advantage of this version. Some scenes are really weird plus the Minion seems to be less sinister.
Finally, one has to decide on his own which version is prefered. It would also be interesting to know if there was a version which contains all scenes from the US Version and the prolog from the German Version (but it's very likely this version contained the US soundtrack if it really existed).
The running times refer to the cut version.
The remaining difference is due to the missing scenes in the US Version and the rounding of the running time to a complete or half second.
Running time German Version (FSK 18): 1:27:21 min (1:23:17 min credits excluded)
Running time US Version (BBFC 15): 1:31:50 min (1:27:46 min credits excluded)
Cut scenes: 30 = 9 min 18 sec
Missing shots of New York.
Dito.
Again shots of the city.
Discovery of the chamber tomb:
Extended shot of the two workers on the ground after their fall. The black-haired man turns around to his collegue and wants to know if he was fine. He shines to the top while he's saying:
"That's it....that's it! I'm calling the Union, man. Unsafe working conditions!". The other one helps him up.
Extended shot of the workers checking the chamber. Furthermore they find artifacts, skulls etc.
In a conversation, both agree to call the archaeologist Karen Goodleaf (who does appear later). Nevertheless the "heavy" guy wants to check out the spot, maybe he could get some things as x-mas bonus before those were rotting in a museum. The black-haired one actually doesn't want to because he likes Karen, but then he can be talked in to keep on checking the cave at least. They go in deeper and mention that was a very scary place and it seemed as if nobody had been there for years.
The black-haired worker calls for his collegue, who turns around and asks "What?". The other one shows in the skeleton's direction.
The black-haired guy is upset and tells the "heavy" guy to get some help. He immediately starts running.
In the monastery:
While there's an extended shot of the templar sitting in front of the TV in the US Version, the German Version contains the beginning of the scene which shows templar Bernard coming in (also in the US Version, but later).
The running time of this scene excluded, here's still a difference of
The broadcast continues: the reporter says some of the discoveries seemed to be more Christian than of Indian and that could really be in a placelike that. She continues it might be a rumor but the discoveries seemed to be more than 1000 years old and they could also proof that sb. had discovered America before Christoph Columbus (this connection pops up much later in the German Version).
Now the scene where Bernard comes into the room (the beginning has already been shown, see two cut scenes above).
The old guy switches off the TV. Bernard excuses and also says he hadn't thought sb. was awake that early.
Karen's arrival at the archeological excavation:
Now Lukas' arrival at the airport of New York in the German Version (which is btw shorter than in the US Version, but it appears later). Instead the following is missing:
External shot of the monastry, then New York. Karen arrives at the subway station / archeological excavation with her car. She grabs a bag and goes to the entrance; two police men wish her marry x-mas while she's passing by and so does she.
The black-haired worker brightens the spot for Karen. She begins and records some things on a dictaphone while she's examining. Sie finds signs of earlier cultures or influences of the Colonialists, maybe the Dutch. She also finds an artifact which shows Windigo (--> Minion), but it doesn't suit to the findings in advance. Finally she comes to the conclusion that the chamber had been used by very several nations and each of them had used the chamber for their dead bodies.
Luka's arrival in New York:
Apart from the fact that Lukas' arrival pops up earlier in the German Version than it does in the US Version (here it pops up after Karen found the skeleton in the chamber), it's shorter here and there:
Extended shot of the landing plane, taxis leave the airport. The shot of the bridge at the Hudson River with a radio broadcast in the background is also missing. A man's talking about the millenium in the broadcast.
Missing shots of the city out of the taxi. We see Lukas' taxi driving right into the traffic jam (in the German Version he's already in it).
Missing dialog of the taxi driver: "You know....brotherhood of man...".
At the archeological excavation / Minion's attack:
Extended shot of Karen when she's painting the skeleton, the worker brings a chair for her. She opens one of her books and becomes aware of the fact that the history of the dead man goes back to the 7th or 6th century A.D. and that he seems to be part of a particular cult (hard to understand). The worker agrees by saying it really didn't sound Indian. Karen replies he wasn't and, while dealing with the skeleton, finishes with the following words: "You're a long way from home, stranger.".
Karen examines a small emblem wrapped in a plastic bag and, like the red cross on the sign, she connects it with the cult she has recognized. She writes that down or she says it again (to record it with her dictaphone). She also starts earlier to get the templar's chain with the talisman.
Karen also says "Ok Santa, let this be a huge, career making, archeological found." before she starts opening the talisman from a different angle. She also starts earlier btw.
Extended shot of Karen's attempt to open the talisman while Minion's passing the corridor (first-person perspective).
Missing shot of the dancing light bulb while Karen's getting the key out of the talisman. Demonic offscreen-screaming.
Here the US and the German Version are different.
US Version:
- Minion grabs Karen in the same scene where she was watching the key beforehand
- Lukas finds the dead night guard and turns his head around
- Minion tosses Karen around in the cave, she rudely lands on the ground
- Lukas gets up again and turns around to the entrance of the cave, then he starts running right to it
German Version:
- Lukas finds the dead night guard BEFORE Karen is being attacked for the first time, turns his head around and gets up again
- Minion attacks Karen and lifts her up by grabbing her neck, tosses her around in the cave, she rudely lands on the ground
- Lukas turns around to the entrance, then he runs over there
Missing shot of Karen unconscious on the ground.
The beginning of the fight is missing: Minion leaps to Karen and grabs her by her hairs. Lukas arrives from the background and shouts: "Don't look at his eyes!" Lukas attempts to hit Minion with the glove, but he misses. Then a short and (more or less) harmless fight.
Missing cutscene at the entrance of the chamber:
Lukas puts the gloves with thornes in a bag, hangs it around his neck and keeps on running without saying a word. Karen follows him and says: "Anything found in that chamber is property of the mohawk museum in New York! And....you don't wanna mess with us..." Then she slips out of the image, gets up at once and adds: "...trust me!".
Missing part of the dialog:
Karen mentions the skeleton had been more than 1500 years old and the dead guy had been the first white man in America, long time before Christoph Columbus and the Vikings. She adds that should prompt some questions. Lukas turns around to her and says some questions better stayed unanswered. In the German Version, Karen's actually reply ("What he hell is that supposed to mean?") has been modified to make it suitable to the different context. In the German Version she asks if stealing wasn't a sin.
"Change of host" / Minion's attack:
First of all I'd like to mention that the entire sequence where Minion takes possession of the drunken worker (in both version only rudimentarily) is earlier in the US Version (after Karen said the key had been her life) than it is in the German Version. In the German Version, this sequence is later. To be exact after they talked about arrogance (Lukas) and stealing (Karen) being a sin.
In the German Version the beginning of this shot is missing:
First the city by night. The drunken black-haired man arrives at the construction side with his car, gets out (the way he gets out shows that he's really plowed), hits his head, grabs Karen's present from the passenger seat and wambles to the entrance.
The drunken guy leans over the dead guy (actually he falls and crawls to him), taps him several times and says "Hey Mister!" while he's tapping. Finally he leans over his face.
Here the two versions are different again.
-the worker, possessed by Minion, leaves the chamber and gets in his car
-Karen & Lukas arrive at the parking garage and go inside
-Karen & Lukas have a chat in the parking garage before they're being attacked by Minion again
Karen & Lukas take shelter in a short slow motion sequence.
Minion doesn't fall out of the car at once (besides: he's supposed to being tossed out of the front window in a front-end collision, not the rear window).
The scene when the car drives back, while the scared night guard's calling the cops in his office, is missing. Minion attempts to knock them down, Lukas pushes the hand gear of the hydraulic ramp. The car hits the ramp and the worker's being tossed out of the window which is also in the German Version.
Further shot of Minion lying dizzy on the hood.
Here the two versions are different as well.
-Minion screams "Karen!"
-shot of Karen, Lukas gets up (on the right)
-close-up of Lukas when he's putting on the glove with thornes
-Minion screams "Please!"
-shot of Karen
-shot of Minion
-Karen tries to grab Lukas but he pushes her away
Karen's "solo shot" is missing in the German Version.
Escape from the police:
Missing part of the dialog here. Lukas explains much more detailed how Minion has been banned from heaven, lands on earth as fallen angel and has become the humans' nemesis who leads the infidels. Moreover he informs her about the key, which has been brought along by Minion, which opens the gate to hell. In between a further shot of a police car searching for them. The German Version restarts with the question if that was really the key to open the gates to hell.
Fight at the atomic base:
Color filter in the fight between Lukas and Minion in the US Version. That's why the image looks kind of bilious green, presumably to emphasize the toxicity. The German Version doesn't have this color filter. Here some compared images (left US Version - right German Version):

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horttech
What is Horticulture?
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ASHS
Initial Short-term Storage at 33 °F Reduces Physiological Disorder Development in 'Honeycrisp' Apples
in HortTechnology
Authors: Yosef Al Shoffe1 and Christopher B. Watkins1
1 Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH04102-18
Initial short-term storage is a treatment where fruit are cooled to 33 °F for a specific time period and then moved to 38 °F until the end of storage. Its effects on the development of physiological disorders in 'Honeycrisp' apples (Malus domestica) were investigated for two seasons. During the first season, fruit were harvested from two orchards and stored at 33 and 38 °F, with and without 1 week of conditioning at 50 °F, or stored for 4 weeks at 33 °F followed by 4 weeks at 38 °F. All fruit were stored for a total of 8 weeks. In the second season, fruit were harvested from one orchard and stored at 38 °F either with or without 1 week of conditioning at 50 °F, or stored for 1 week at 33 °F and moved to 38 °F for 15 weeks followed by 7 d at 68 °F. Short-term storage (1 to 4 weeks) at 33 °F decreased bitter pit for all orchards in the two seasons, except in comparison with the continuous 33 °F storage in the first season; soft scald was also reduced in the first season compared with continuous storage at 33 °F, with higher incidence of soft scald in orchard one compared with orchard two. Initial short-term storage at 33 °F resulted in lower soggy breakdown incidence compared with storage at 33 °F with 1 week of conditioning at 50 °F for fruit from orchard two in the first season, the only year when low-temperature injuries were observed. In conclusion, initial short-term storage at 33 °F followed by storage at 38 °F maintained the highest percentage of healthy fruit in the two seasons.
Keywords: Malus domestica; bitter pit; soft scald; soggy breakdown; conditioning
Manipulation of storage temperature for horticultural crops is an important approach for reducing physiological disorders and maintaining quality (Jackman et al., 1988; Lurie, 2002; Wang, 1993). Temperature manipulation involves using optimum storage temperatures with pre-storage conditioning, cold shock, or intermittent warming during storage (Al Shoffe, 2018; Hatton, 1990; Lurie and Crisosto, 2005; Lurie and Sabehat, 1997; Wang, 1994).
Managing the storage of 'Honeycrisp' apples is challenging for storage operators. At low temperatures around 33 °F, the cultivar can develop symptoms of chilling injury (CI) such as soft scald and soggy breakdown, whereas at a higher temperature of 38 °F the fruit can be susceptible to bitter pit development (Tong et al., 2003; Watkins et al., 2004). The development of these disorders during storage can cause significant economic losses. Preharvest factors that affect susceptibility of fruit to disorders include orchard location and season (Lachapelle et al., 2013; Moran et al., 2009, 2010; Tong et al., 2016).
Reducing risk of CI development in 'Honeycrisp' apples is usually accomplished by conditioning the fruit at 50 °F for 7 d before long-term storage at 38 or 33 °F (DeLong et al., 2006; Watkins and Rosenberger, 2000; Watkins et al., 2004). However, bitter pit and greasiness may increase with conditioning, even though there are negligible effects on quality factors such as flesh firmness, titratable acidity, and soluble solids concentration (DeLong et al., 2006; Watkins et al., 2004).
To our knowledge, the effect of initial short-term storage at 33 °F prior to storage at 38 °F on physiological disorder development in 'Honeycrisp' has not been studied. Our results from the past few years show that bitter pit usually develops during the first month of storage, but CI first appears after the first month of storage (data not shown). Therefore, our goal in this study was to investigate the effect of initial short-term storage at 33 °F on reducing CI and bitter pit development in 'Honeycrisp' apples during storage.
'Honeycrisp' fruit from trees grafted on M.9 rootstock under a high-density tall spindle planting system were harvested in 2016 from two commercial orchards (O1 and O2) in western New York, and in 2017 from one commercial orchard in western New York (O2 from the first year). In both seasons, fruit were harvested from 30 trees in three different rows per orchard (ten trees per row).
Three replicates of 10 fruit (fruit for every replication came randomly from 10 trees) each were used at harvest for initial assessments from each orchard during the two seasons. The internal ethylene concentration (IEC) of each fruit was measured on gas samples taken from the core of each apple as described by Nock and Watkins (2013). Firmness was measured on opposite peeled sides of each fruit using a penetrometer equipped with an 11.1-mm-diameter probe (Guss Manufacturing, Strand, South Africa) and the expressed juice was used for measurement of the soluble solids concentration (SSC) with a refractometer (PR-100; Atago Co., Tokyo, Japan). Titratable acidity (TA) was measured on the same juice by titrating to pH 8.1 with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide (FL 12 titrator; Mettler Toledo, Hightstown, NJ) and expressed as a percentage of malic acid (grams malic acid per 100 mL of juice). The starch pattern index (SPI) of each fruit cut at the equator was assessed using the Cornell generic chart where 1 = 100% stained starch and 8 = 0% stained starch (Blanpied and Silsby, 1992). The IAD index, which reflects the chlorophyll a content in the peel, was measured on the blushed and unblushed sides of each fruit using a handheld non-destructive delta absorbance (DA) meter (TR Turoni, Forli, Italy).
Treatments.
Five treatments in the first season and three treatments in the second season were tested (Table 1). We shortened the storage period for initial short-term storage at 33 °F from 4 weeks in the first season (treatment 1) to 1 week in the second season (treatment 6) because soft scald developed at 33 °F during 4 weeks in fruit from O1 in 2016.
Storage treatments and duration for 'Honeycrisp' apples harvested from two orchards in 2016 and from one orchard in 2017.
Physiological disorder assessment.
Three replicates of 40 fruit per treatment were assessed for internal and external physiological disorders after 8 weeks of storage in the first season and after 16 weeks followed by 7 d at 68 °F in the second season. The disorder percentage was calculated based on the percentage of fruit that exhibited a certain disorder.
Statistical analysis.
Tukey's honest significant difference test was used to compare means at the 5% confidence level in a full factorial design after analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. ANOVAs were aggregated across years to test effects of orchard on IEC, firmness, SSC, TA, SPI, and IAD, and the effects of temperature and orchard on bitter pit, soft scald, soggy breakdown and healthy fruit percentages. All statistics were carried out using the JMP statistical program (version 12; SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Percentage data were arcsine transformed for analysis and presented as back-transformed means.
In the two harvest seasons, there was no significant difference detected between the orchards for IEC, firmness and SPI, while SSC and TA were higher in fruit from O1 than from O2. IAD was highest in O2 in the second season compared with the first season (Table 2).
Harvest indices in 'Honeycrisp' apples harvested from two orchards in 2016 and from one orchard in 2017.
In the first season, initial 4-week storage at 33 °F (treatment 1) or continuous storage at 33 °F (treatment 2) decreased bitter pit compared with the other treatments, while bitter pit development was highest in fruit from O2 in the other treatments (Fig. 1A). Treatment 1 decreased bitter pit in fruit from O1 by 23%, 22%, and 26% and reduced the disorder in O2 by 43%, 42%, 64% compared with treatments 5, 4, and 3, respectively. In addition, bitter pit was decreased in the second season by 28% and 50% by an initial 1-week storage at 33 °F (treatment 6) compared with treatments 7 and 8, respectively (Fig. 2). In O2, the difference in background fruit color from the IAD index did not affect bitter pit development in either season. Disorder incidence was consistent in the two seasons for storage at 38 °F with and without 1 week of conditioning at 50 °F (treatments 4, 5, 7, and 8). Bitter pit incidence was higher in the second season for treatment 6 compared with treatment 1 because the initial short-term storage at 33 °F was shortened to 1 week in the second season. Our results are in agreement with Watkins et al. (2004), who found that bitter pit development during storage was increased by conditioning and always was higher in warmer storage.
(A) Bitter pit, (B) soft scald, (C) soggy breakdown, and (D) healthy fruit of 'Honeycrisp' apples from two orchards in 2016 and treated as follows: 1 = 4 weeks at 33 °F followed by 4 weeks of storage at 38 °F; 2 = 8 weeks at continuous 33 °F; 3 = 1 week at 50 °F followed by 7 weeks at 33 °F; 4 = 8 weeks at continuous 38 °F; 5 = 1 week at 50 °F followed by 7 weeks at 38 °F. Means with common letters are not different by Tukey's honest significant difference at P ≤ 0.05. Data are presented as means ± SE; *** significant at P ≤ 0.001; (°F − 32) ÷ 1.8 = °C.
Citation: HortTechnology hortte 28, 4; 10.21273/HORTTECH04102-18
Bitter pit in 'Honeycrisp' apples from one orchard in 2017 and treated as follows: 6 = 1 week at 33 °F followed by 15 weeks at 38 °F followed by 7 d at 68 °F; 7 = 16 weeks at continuous 38 °F followed by 7 d at 68 °F; 8 = 1 week at 50 °F followed by 15 weeks at 38 °F followed by 7 d at 68 °F. Mean totals with a common letter are not different by Tukey's honest significant difference at P ≤ 0.05. Data are presented as means ± SE; ** significant at P ≤ 0.01; (°F − 32) ÷ 1.8 = °C.
Soft scald was higher in fruit from O1 than O2 in the first season for treatments 1 and 2 (Fig. 1B) despite there being no difference between IEC and SPI in fruit from the two orchards at harvest. This is in agreement with Moran et al. (2010), who found that susceptibility to soft scald varied from region to region and did not correlate with maturity indices. Treatment 1 lowered soft scald development in fruit from O1 to 6% compared with 21% from storage at continuous 33 °F (treatment 2). This is inconsistent with Meheriuk et al. (1994) who recommended that apple cultivars that are susceptible to soft scald should be stored at temperatures higher than 36.5 °F for the first 6–8 weeks. On the other hand, our results are in agreement with the work of Little and Holmes (2000), who reported that soft scald development was delayed when fruit were stored at 32 °F. Soft scald was negligible in fruit from O2 in all treatments (Fig. 1B). We have found a big variation between orchards in the same region relating to soft scald susceptibility (unpublished data). However, conditioning treatments lowered the disorder more than initial short-term storage at 33 °F or storage at continuous 33 °F (Fig. 1B). Our results are consistent with previous studies (Delong et al., 2006; Watkins and Rosenberger, 2000; Watkins et al., 2004), where conditioning of 'Honeycrisp' apples was reported to reduce soft scald development.
Soggy breakdown was low in fruit from O1 in all treatments (Fig. 2C). Storage of fruit from O2 at 33 °F after 1 week of conditioning at 50 °F (treatment 3) induced the highest development of the disorder. Treatment 1 reduced soggy breakdown incidence in fruit from O2 to 0.3% compared with 43% for treatment 3 (Fig. 2C). Our results were in agreement with Moran et al. (2010), who found that conditioning of 'Honeycrisp' apples for 7 d at 63.5 °F increased soggy breakdown with an early harvest in two orchards (when SPI was 4.9 and 3.9 for fruit from the two orchards, respectively), but only in one orchard with a later harvest (SPI for fruit from the two orchards was 6.9 and 6.6, respectively). In the second season, we observed no development of CI (data not shown).
Treatment 1 maintained the highest proportion of healthy fruit in the first season, for both orchards (Fig. 1D). The same effect was found for treatment 6 on healthy fruit percentage compared with other treatments in the second season (data not shown). From our results, it is clear that the initial short-term storage at 33 °F reduced bitter pit incidence. O1 was more susceptible to soft scald and treatment 1 worked well in reducing the disorder compared with stress-inducing temperatures for CI, constant 33 °F [treatment 2 (Fig. 1B)] and 50 to 33 °F [treatment 3 (Fig. 1C)]. O2 had higher bitter pit incidence than O1 but treatment 1 and treatment 6 lowered disorder incidence compared with stress-inducing temperatures for bitter pit, constant 38 °F (treatments 4 and 7) and 50 to 38 °F (treatments 5 and 8) in the two seasons. Treatment 1 reduced soggy breakdown in fruit from O2 compared with treatment 3 in the first season.
In conclusion, initial short-term storage at 33 °F (treatments 1 and 6) reduced bitter pit incidence in the two seasons compared with conditioning treatments or continuous 38 °F storage. Treatment 1 decreased soft scald incidence compared with continuous 33 °F storage in O1, and lowered soggy breakdown incidence relative to treatment 3 in O2 from the first season. Also, in both seasons, treatments 1 and 6 had the highest percentage of healthy fruit compared with all other treatments. Therefore, the application of an initial short-term storage period at 33 °F might be a promising solution in managing physiological disorders in 'Honeycrisp' apples.
Al Shoffe, Y. 2018 Susceptibility and expression of chilling injury. 27 Mar. 2018. <https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100596-5.21896-9>
Blanpied, G. & Silsby, K.J. 1992 Predicting harvest date windows for apples. 4 Apr. 2018. <https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/3299/>
DeLong, J.M., Prange, K.R., Harrison, A.P., Embree, G.C., Nichols, S.D. & Harrison Wright, A. 2006 The influence of crop-load, delayed cooling and storage atmosphere on post-storage quality of 'Honeycrisp'™ apples J. Hort. Sci. Biotechnol. 81 391 396
DeLong,J.M.Prange,K.R.Harrison,A.P.Embree,G.C.Nichols,S.D.Harrison Wright,A.2006The influence of crop-load, delayed cooling and storage atmosphere on post-storage quality of 'Honeycrisp'™ applesJ. Hort. Sci. Biotechnol.81391396)| false
Hatton, T. 1990 Reduction of chilling injury with temperature manipulation, p. 269–280. In: C.Y. Wang (ed.). Chilling injury of horticultural crops. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Jackman, R., Yada, R., Marangoni, A., Parkin, K. & Stanley, D. 1988 Chilling injury. A review of quality aspects J. Food Qual. 11 253 278
Jackman,R.Yada,R.Marangoni,A.Parkin,K.Stanley,D.1988Chilling injury. A review of quality aspectsJ. Food Qual.11253278)| false
Lachapelle, M., Bourgeois, G., DeEll, J., Stewart, K.A. & Séguin, P. 2013 Modeling the effect of preharvest weather conditions on the incidence of soft scald in 'Honeycrisp'apples Postharvest Biol. Technol. 85 57 66
Lachapelle,M.Bourgeois,G.DeEll,J.Stewart,K.A.Séguin,P.2013Modeling the effect of preharvest weather conditions on the incidence of soft scald in 'Honeycrisp'applesPostharvest Biol. Technol.855766)| false
Little, C.R. & Holmes, R.J. 2000 Storage technology for apples and pears: A guide to production, postharvest treatment and storage of pome fruit in Australia. Dept. Natural Resources Environ., Victoria, Australia
Lurie, S. 2002 Temperature management, p. 107–117. In: M. Knee (ed.). Fruit quality and its biological basis. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Lurie, S. & Crisosto, C.H. 2005 Chilling injury in peach and nectarine Postharvest Biol. Technol. 37 195 208
Lurie,S.Crisosto,C.H.2005Chilling injury in peach and nectarinePostharvest Biol. Technol.37195208)| false
Lurie, S. & Sabehat, A. 1997 Prestorage temperature manipulations to reduce chilling injury in tomatoes Postharvest Biol. Technol. 11 57 62
Lurie,S.Sabehat,A.1997Prestorage temperature manipulations to reduce chilling injury in tomatoesPostharvest Biol. Technol.115762)| false
Meheriuk, M., Prange, R., Lidster, P. & Porrit, S. 1994 Postharvest disorders of apples and pears. 3 Mar. 2018. <http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2015/aac-aafc/A53-1737-1994-eng.pdf>
Moran, R.E., DeEll, J.R. & Halteman, W. 2009 Effects of preharvest precipitation, air temperature, and humidity on the occurrence of soft scald in 'Honeycrisp' apples HortScience 44 1645 1647
Moran,R.E.DeEll,J.R.Halteman,W.2009Effects of preharvest precipitation, air temperature, and humidity on the occurrence of soft scald in 'Honeycrisp' applesHortScience4416451647)| false
Moran, R.E., DeEll, J.R. & Murr, D.P. 2010 Effects of preconditioning and fruit maturity on the occurrence of soft scald and soggy breakdown in 'Honeycrisp' apples HortScience 45 1719 1722
Moran,R.E.DeEll,J.R.Murr,D.P.2010Effects of preconditioning and fruit maturity on the occurrence of soft scald and soggy breakdown in 'Honeycrisp' applesHortScience4517191722)| false
Nock, J.F. & Watkins, C.B. 2013 Repeated treatment of apple fruit with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) prior to controlled atmosphere storage Postharvest Biol. Technol. 79 73 79
Nock,J.F.Watkins,C.B.2013Repeated treatment of apple fruit with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) prior to controlled atmosphere storagePostharvest Biol. Technol.797379)| false
Tong, C.B., Bedford, D.S., Luby, J.J., Propsom, F.M., Beaudry, R.M., Mattheis, J.P., Watkins, C.B. & Weis, S.A. 2003 Location and temperature effects on soft scald in 'Honeycrisp' apples HortScience 38 1153 1155
Tong,C.B.Bedford,D.S.Luby,J.J.Propsom,F.M.Beaudry,R.M.Mattheis,J.P.Watkins,C.B.Weis,S.A.2003Location and temperature effects on soft scald in 'Honeycrisp' applesHortScience3811531155)| false
Tong, C.B., Chang, H.Y., Boldt, J.K., Ma, Y.B., DeEll, J.R., Moran, R.E., Bourgeois, G. & Plouffe, D. 2016 Diffuse flesh browning in 'Honeycrisp' apple fruit is associated with low temperatures during fruit growth HortScience 51 1256 1264
Tong,C.B.Chang,H.Y.Boldt,J.K.Ma,Y.B.DeEll,J.R.Moran,R.E.Bourgeois,G.Plouffe,D.2016Diffuse flesh browning in 'Honeycrisp' apple fruit is associated with low temperatures during fruit growthHortScience5112561264)| false
Wang, C.Y. 1993 Approaches to reduce chilling injury of fruits and vegetables Hort. Rev. 15 63 95
Wang,C.Y.1993Approaches to reduce chilling injury of fruits and vegetablesHort. Rev.156395)| false
Wang, C.Y. 1994 Chilling injury of tropical horticultural commodities HortScience 29 986 988
Wang,C.Y.1994Chilling injury of tropical horticultural commoditiesHortScience29986988)| false
Watkins, C.B. & Rosenberger, D.A. 2000 Cornell Fruit Handling and Storage Newsletter. 23 Apr. 2018. <http://www.hort.cornell.edu/watkins/CAnews00.html>
Watkins, C.B., Nock, J.F., Weis, S.A., Jayanty, S. & Beaudry, R.M. 2004 Storage temperature, diphenylamine, and pre-storage delay effects on soft scald, soggy breakdown and bitter pit of 'Honeycrisp' apples Postharvest Biol. Technol. 32 213 221
Watkins,C.B.Nock,J.F.Weis,S.A.Jayanty,S.Beaudry,R.M.2004Storage temperature, diphenylamine, and pre-storage delay effects on soft scald, soggy breakdown and bitter pit of 'Honeycrisp' applesPostharvest Biol. Technol.32213221)| false
This research was supported in part by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project 2013-14-483, Improving Quality and Reducing Losses in Specialty Fruit Crops through Storage Technologies (NE-1336). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) or the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).
We would like to thank Jacqueline F. Nock for the technical support in the lab and for constructive criticism of the manuscript. Also many thanks to Nasser Amer from Leibniz Universität Hannover and to Liwu Zhu from Anhui Agricultural University for the helpful comments.
1 Corresponding author. E-mail: yas24@cornell.edu
https://journals.ashs.org/horttech/view/journals/horttech/28/4/article-p481.xml
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Malus domestica; bitter pit; soft scald; soggy breakdown; conditioning
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Here we are, less than a full month into the new year, and already things are shaping up to make this one hell of a year. I've been very busy, and am about to get even busier!
January has flown by, and next month we're spending two weeks in Palm Springs with family. I can't wait to get out of the rain and into the sun. The side trip we're taking to Disneyland is something I'm looking forward to more than I can say.
March is another busy month. Just in time for my birthday, the audiobook edition of Keeping Sweets will be available and I'll be hosting a special interview series that will be posted here leading up to my first novel release in over a year. You can check the calendar on the events section of my website for details about who is scheduled for which day.
May is likely the release month for my new novella, Red Runs Through, which was written as part of an anthology with Raine O'Tierney and L.J. LaBarthe. These are two incredibly talented ladies, and I've had the privilege of reading their contributions already. I think it's going to be an amazing collection. More details will be coming on that soon.
June is going to be a very special month for me. In my personal life, it marks a very important milestone: Nugget's first birthday! So far, the tentative plan is an Elmo themed party (at the moment he can't get enough of Sesame Street, and is moderately addicted to the letter of the day song), but he's growing so quickly, who knows what he'll be into in another four months.
On the writing side, I will have a solo novel releasing sometime during the month, as well a co-authored novel scheduled to come out in late June or early July. My solo novel, The Storm Before the Calm, is one that I've been working on for a little while, and it's very close to my heart. It features a dancer who gets a once in a lifetime opportunity to attend a summer intensive in New York City.
My co-authored novel is called Brick by Brick, and is a first for me, because it takes place in Canada. It's about two best friends, torn away from one another. A change meeting years later gives them another shot at what they missed when they were teenagers.
So that's just a taste of what's coming in the first half of the year. There are other projects on the go, and more announcements to make, so check back here for all the news!


text:
Q: Reutilizar una sola vista en varios items del Navigation drawer con Androidx Actualmente el componente de navegación de Androidx por defecto vincula un item del navigationView, con un fragmento del gráfico de navegación.
Pero lo que deseo hacer es reutilizar un solo fragmento para la todos o la mayoría de items.
Esto se puede lograr a la antigua con el "onNavigationItemSelected", pero no se si exista una forma mas pro de hacerlo utilizando el componente de navegación de Androidx

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: Server models and client objects in React / Redux It is common in web applications to have server model objects, especially when using an ORM. These are usually just collections of some state and behavior.
In the past when I've developed iOS and web applications we'd usually have client side objects that, to some degree, mirror the server side objects. We would use a library like Mantle to parse JSON responses from the API into objects. A convenience of doing this is that you can preserve object relationships that are returned from the API. So, a User could have a property var comments: [Comment] where Comment is itself an API object.
I'm now working on a ReactJS / Redux project. In this world, we tend to have actions that get dispatched to update the application state. For example, a method like,
export const loadProfile = (cb) => {
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    await api.getSelfProfile()
      .then((response) => {
        dispatch({
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    cb()
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}

loads the user profile.
I have a case where I'd like to create a property / getter which reads two fields from the user profile and returns a composite result (i.e. say the user has a city and state property and I want to return "city, state"). In the old world I'd just create a method on my client side User object that performs the logic.
I'm wondering how to accomplish this using React / Redux. I know React encourages a more functional approach which separates state from behavior.
So should I use base Javascript Objects for my API data and then some utility methods for all the extra functionality I need (i.e. have some userCityState(user) which returns "city, state") ?  Or should I use client side objects a la Mantle? If so, is it possible to have typed User objects on the client?


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Calumet, Michigan – February 9th, 2016 – The Negaunee Miners girls basketball team traveled to Calumet to take on the Copper Kings tonight. Jesse Anderson and Brady Guilbault were there to bring you all the action from the U.P. Propane Press Box, starting with the Honor Credit Union Pregame Show on 101.9 Sunny.FM!
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It was a tough game for the Negaunee Miners, who had to play from behind for the first three quarters against the Calumet Copper Kings. The score was 30-43 with just over five minutes to play, and Negaunee was running out of time to make their comeback attempt. Both teams began to approach foul trouble as the action heated-up, and multiple players fouled out of the game. Abby Nelson was able to break the ten-point barrier against Calumet with just under three minutes to play, and that brought Negaunee's defect to only eight points. Calumet regained their ten-point lead with under two minutes left in the game, but Negaunee did their best to slow the game down and allow themselves time to mount a comeback. The Miners were unable to overcome the Calumet Copper Kings and took a tough loss to an undefeated team.
The Negaunee Miners Boys Basketball team will travel to West Ishpeming Wednesday, February 10th, 2016 to face the Westwood Patriots. Join Jesse Anderson and Brady Guilbault for all the exciting action. The Honor Credit Union Pre-game Show will start around 7:00pm and the game will follow at 7:30pm on Sunny.FM.


GREENSBORO, NC – "I've been dreaming for a family almost ever since I came to foster care and knew that I could be adopted," said 12-year old Makayla. "I've been dreaming about this, and it's so important to me." Makayla has been in foster care for more than five years.
November is National Adoption Month and Children's Home Society of North Carolina (CHSNC) is helping to raise awareness about the need for adoptive families for older youth in foster care. Every year more than 100,000 children in the United States, including over 2,400 in North Carolina, are eligible for adoption according to CHSNC. Most adoptive children are 7 to 17 years of age.
Makayla plans to become a chemist helping people with cancer. "My aunt had cancer and died from it, and I don't want anyone else to suffer like that," Makayla added.
Seeking a permanent family and adoption, Montavious plans a career in biology or computer programming. "My experiences make me who I am, but they do not control who I will become," he added.
These and dozens of hard-life stories told by adoptable children brimming with hope and ambition can be seen and heard on the Children's Home Society of North Carolina website.
Wingate encourages families, couples, and singles interested in learning more about adoption to attend a two-hour informational meeting. The meetings are free, scheduled across the state every month, and with no obligation.
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That put it well ahead of two other new holiday-timed releases, as Disney's "Mary Poppins Returns" took in $23.5m for the three-day weekend, flying slightly higher than Paramount's "Bumblebee" at $21.7m.
"Bumblebee," a prequel to the "Transformers" movies, stars Hailee Steinfeld and John Cena. It drew a lofty 94% rating from Rotten Tomatoes while all three of the top grossing new movies earned strong A- ratings from CinemaScores.
In fourth was Sony's "Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse," taking in $16.6m. It has Peter Parker making way for Miles Morales as a black, Latino Spider-Man.
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text:
import L, {ControlPosition} from 'leaflet';

import {TilesetList, WebatlasTileLayerOptions} from './types';
import {doTemplate} from './util';
import {defaultTilesets} from './constants/defaultTilesets';
import {WebatlasTileLayerTypes} from './constants/layerTypes';
import {getAttributionText} from './getAttributionText';

const defaultOptions = {
  mapType: 'vector',
  maxZoom: 20,
  minZoom: 0,
  attributionPosition: 'bottomright' as ControlPosition
};

const TILE_URL = '//waapi.webatlas.no/maptiles/tiles/{tileset}/wa_grid/{z}/{x}/{y}.{ext}?APITOKEN={apiKey}';

const getUrl = (mapType: string, apiKey: string, tilesetList: TilesetList) =>
  doTemplate(window.location.protocol === 'https:' ? 'https:' + TILE_URL : 'http:' + TILE_URL, {
    apiKey,
    ...tilesetList[mapType]
  });

export class WebatlasTileLayer extends L.TileLayer {
  private attributionPosition: ControlPosition;
  private attributionText: string;

  constructor(options: WebatlasTileLayerOptions) {
    const {attributionPosition, apiKey, mapType, tileset, ...rest} = {...defaultOptions, ...options};

    const url = getUrl(mapType || WebatlasTileLayerTypes.VECTOR, apiKey, {...defaultTilesets, ...(tileset || {})});
    super(url, rest);
    this.attributionPosition = attributionPosition;
  }

  onAdd(map: L.Map) {
    this._map = map;
    this.attributionText = '';
    this._map.on('moveend', this._onMapMoved, this);

    if (this._map.attributionControl) {
      this._map.removeControl(this._map.attributionControl);
      //@ts-ignore
      this._map.attributionControl = undefined;
    }

    this._onMapMoved();
    L.TileLayer.prototype.onAdd.call(this, map);
    return this;
  }

  onRemove(map: L.Map) {
    this._map.off('moveend', this._onMapMoved, this);
    L.TileLayer.prototype.onRemove.call(this, map);
    return this;
  }

  _onMapMoved() {
    const attributionText = getAttributionText(this._map.getCenter(), this._map.getZoom());

    //add an attribution control if the default is disabled
    if (!this._map.attributionControl) {
      this._map.attributionControl = L.control
        .attribution({
          position: this.attributionPosition
        })
        .addTo(this._map);
    }
    //remove the previous attribution we set
    this._map.attributionControl.removeAttribution(this.attributionText);

    //set the new attribution
    this._map.attributionControl.addAttribution(attributionText);

    //store the current so that we can remove it later
    this.attributionText = attributionText;
  }
}

export const webatlasTileLayer = (options: any) => new WebatlasTileLayer(options);
export {WebatlasTileLayerTypes};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home / New Arrivals / Kenan & Kel The Complete Series 4 Seasons with 65 Episodes and the Movie on 5 Blu-ray Discs in 720p HD
Kenan & Kel The Complete Series 4 Seasons with 65 Episodes and the Movie on 5 Blu-ray Discs in 720p HD
Kenan & Kel The Complete Series 4 Seasons with 65 Episodes and the Movie on 5 Blu-ray Discs in 720p HD quantity
SKU: 12387 Categories: A-Z, New Arrivals
This is the complete series all 65 episodes cleaned, enhanced and upscaled to 720p HD. It also includes the movie "Two Heads Are Better Than None". There are some episodes that do have a watermark but the majority of the episodes don't.
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The screenshots are taken from a 60″ LCD TV playing on a standard Blu-ray player. Set come with a interactive menu so you can easily navigate to each episode with chapter skips and a play all feature to play the whole disc.
Set in Chicago, Illinois, Kenan & Kel follows Kenan Rockmore and Kel Kimble, a pair of high school students who go on various misadventures, which usually occur as a result of Kenan devising a scheme to get rich quick, or avoid trouble with his elders. These schemes are often foiled as a result of Kel's aloof, happy-go-lucky nature.
The show employs a number of running gags. Episodes open and close with Kenan and Kel breaking the fourth wall by interacting with a studio audience, standing in front of a red curtain that is placed in front of the main set while they are still in character. Usually they do stuff that relates to the episode itself, for example, in the opening of "The Tainting of the Screw", Kel is seen wearing fishing gear, and the episode is about Kenan choking on a screw that was in his tuna sandwich. A running gag of the openings is Kel never knowing what the night's episode would be about and Kenan refusing to tell him, while the closings frequently feature Kenan coming up with a new scheme, often asking Kel to get various assorted items and meet him somewhere. Frazzled both times, Kel exclaims his catchphrase, "Aww, here it goes!" (which both opens and closes the show).
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles TMNT 2003 The Complete Series 7 Seasons 155 Episode and "Mayhem from Mutant Island" plus the Movie "TV Version and Directors Cut" on 10 Blu-ray Discs in 720p HD
Aqua Teen Hunger Force The Complete Series 11 Seasons with 140 Episodes plus a ton of Extras on 7 Blu-ray Discs in 720p HD
Preschool Power Vol. 3 Jacket Flips and Other Tips on DVD


Here at Longmont Spine and Physical Medicine we pride ourselves by offering the latest state of the art equipment to assist our patients in achieving maximum results. That is why we have incorporated Power Plate Vibration technology to our clinic. Our Physical therapist utilizes power plate acceleration training to speed up our patient's healing and allow enhancement of normal muscle contraction.


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VAN JENSEN INTERVIEW AT DRAGON CON
By Russell Johnson on Wednesday, September 3rd, 2014
Van Jensen is an up and coming comic writer with current duties on the FLASH with Robert Venditti and GREEN LANTERN CORPS. I recently had the opportunity to sit down with Jensen at Dragon Con in Atlanta, GA, which is where Jensen also currently resides. Jensen discusses the intricacies of writing the FLASH and re-introducing fan favorite, Wally West, in the New 52 for the first time. The challenge of writing for the Green Lantern universe and his Kickstarter campaign based original graphic novel, THE LEG.
UNLEASH THE FANBOY: Talk to me about co-writing the FLASH with Robert Venditti now that you are several issues into your run.
VAN JENSEN: Flash is a lot of fun, in that, Robert and I are friends, have been for years and getting to sit down with one of my best friends to plot out the future of the Flash. I struggle to believe that's what I'm doing with my life. It's great, I really think we push each other in the right way and we have a very similar writing esthetic, we're very character focused writers. We both like doing the big action heavy superhero stuff, but also stuff with intricate plot mechanics, stuff that's planned out a long way into the future. For example we just sat down and planned out, beat by beat, seven issues ahead. Just because, for us, we like to have that roadmap where everything is going. This current storyline, with Flash during the present, future Flash and Wally West getting added into the mix, it's a very complicated story, so we just want to put the work in to make sure it's executed in the best possible way.
UTF: Fans have been clamoring for DC to bring back Wally West. What's it like to have the responsibility of bringing back a fan favorite character into the New 52?
VJ: There's definitely some pressure there. I grew up with Wally as the Flash that I knew from when I was growing up reading comics. So it's a character that I had a strong emotional connection with, so there is that pressure. But there's that pressure with any comic you write because every character is someone's favorite. To a certain extent you have to set that to the side and focus on telling the best possible story. So you look at finding some of the pieces from the core of the character you carry over, but using these new circumstances, new events, to take them in completely new directions. The main thing with Wally was it was something DC came to us after we had been chosen to write the book. It was fortuitous because there were these plot mechanics we wanted to set-up with the book and then introducing Wally it allowed us to do all that in an even bigger way than with what we already had in place. It just made the story we were telling better and richer and especially bringing out a lot more of Barry Allen's character.
UTF: You also write GREEN LANTERN CORPS and have for some time. The Green Lantern universe seems to always have big events and crossovers going on. For example; 'Uprising', 'Lights Out' and now you are moving into 'Godhead'. What's it like to do these big stories that tie together consistently?
VJ: I'll say this. Green Lantern Corps was the first superhero stuff I'd ever done, it was the first single issue comic that I ever wrote. So when I was hired, I think I had about a week and a half to turn in my first script, so I was very much thrown into the fire. That was a year and a half ago that I got launched on it. I had done indie graphic novels up to that point and that's it. So I was just going, going and going. I don't know it from anything else, right? That's all I know is Green Lantern Corps. Then at the point that we started working on the Flash, it was just like, "Oh, whoa, the Flash is easy. The Flash is a dude on Earth who runs fast. I got that. I got it!" Even with time travel it's so much easier, just because the Green Lantern Corps has so many characters. The way that it's set-up with Green Lantern even when we aren't in a crossover, these books inhabit the same universe, so a lot of the characters overlap. There are all these little details that Rob and I are constantly calling or texting to each other.
For example, "Did Killawog tear the chair out of the floor and throw it? Has that happened already? So in my issue do I need to make sure there's no chair in this room?" It's just little tiny things and we're both super anal retentive. We will wake up in the middle of the night, "Did I forget about the chair, did I forget about Killawog's chair?" That's how we are. I guess that's our curse as writers maybe. 'Godhead' has been a very different kind of challenge. There's a one-shot that is kicking off the event and I got to script the bulk of that which is my first time really serving as kind of the lead writer on a big event. Getting to work with amazing, amazing artists and, you know, it's the fourth world. This is the big one! In some ways, creatively, I think this is like the white whale of comics. This is the thing a lot of people have gone on and tried to really do those characters justice. It's just a very unwieldy concept and there were some creative challenges. At one point writing this one-shot I had three pages to tell the history of the universe, (laughs), and I had to sit down and figure out how exactly how do I make that happen? But we got there and then I had to send a note of apology to the artists, (laughs).
UTF: I do want to talk quickly about THE LEG, your independent graphic novel. It's gone to print and fans can purchase it soon. Talk about how this project came together.
VJ: So it was the first graphic novel I ever wrote and the idea is based on a true story of Santa Anna, who was the president of Mexico, lost his left leg in the Pastry War and gave it a full military funeral. Later the leg was exhumed as a protest against him and then it disappeared. So this story is set one hundred years after that and this leg is sort of magically alive and it's in a boot. So it's just this knee-high boot hopping around getting in adventures. It doesn't talk, I mean, it kind of emotes in it's way.
I wrote it ten years ago but it just struck me as this really funny idea. Then I met Jose Pimienta, the artist, who's from Mexico and it was very happenstance that we met each other and I happened to tell him about this story, not knowing, where he had grown up. He begged me to send him the script, I did, he loved it, and so I hired him to draw it. He's been drawing over the course of a few years. I paid for everything up front to have it colored and lettered and totally done so that we launched a Kickstarter campaign and it was just to pre-order a copy of the book. We hit a stretch goal, so it's going to be available digitally in Spanish as well as in English. It will be distributed through Top Shelf (Productions) and it will be available widely coming up in the near future.
You can pre-order your copy of THE LEG from Top Shelf Productions HERE.
by: Russell Johnson


I felt inspired and started another Flower Power cardigan from the book Cute and Easy crocheted Baby clothes by Nicki Trench, and would you know I ran out of yarn :S 80 grams of dark pink, so I started a dress, but what happened? I ran out of yarn again, at 80 grams again, so I need to buy more yarn... Shoganai yo.
So I did. I went to my LYS, in the rain and got soaked.
The blob to the right is Valmin and the one on the left is Mimle and just one session. They both hate brushing so i try to pluck whilst petting which sort of works better for us at least... But they are still at the point where they run away from me if I come close with a determined look. I swear those bunnies are mindreaders and always know what I am up to.
Also I am a rebel. Using my clothes pin for taco spices on my tea and sporting a Christmas towel in July. But it is Jul-i-gjen i Juli so there, a bad joke for you Norwegians.


Eli Yanike, 5, of Taneytown, has partial paralysis after being diagnoses with AFM, the rare polio-like illness. He receives occupational and aqua therapy three days a week at Kennedy Krieger in Baltimore.
It's a cloudy, mid-December morning, but the long wall of bay windows looking out over Baltimore City lets ample dappled sunlight into the physical and occupational therapy suite at the Kennedy Krieger Institute. And Elijah Yanike, of Taneytown, brings his own light anyway, the 5-year-old energetic as he and his mother Lauren greet Michelle Bebo, Elijah's occupational therapist of the past month.
"Game Mario?" Elijah asks, hopeful.
The robot arm looks like a structured sling that fits over Elijah's right arm and shoulder, but it functions like a powered exoskeleton, according to Bebo.
With the assistance of the orthotic, Elijah first uses a cardboard tube to knock stuffed targets suspended from a hanger, before engaging in a short duel with his mother, who chooses a plastic blue bat for combat.
It takes a good eye and careful observation to notice anything different about Elijah than any other boy his age as he plays in the therapy suite. A slight preference for using just his left hand, leading a bit more with his left shoulder.
But just a couple of months prior, it wasn't clear if Elijah would even be walking.
Diagnosed with acute flaccid myelitis, a polio-like illness that can bring on sudden paralysis in children, Elijah went from what seemed like a bad cold in late September, to being unable to move is right arm, sit up or lift his head by October.
Two emergency room visits supplied treatment with Tylenol, what would turn out to be a false positive for mononucleosis, according to Yanike, and the hope that Elijah would get better with rest.
It was Oct. 11 when Ashley Davis, Elijah's pediatric nurse practitioner at Westminster Pediatrics, got the call from the Yanikes. Elijah's previous symptom — headache, lethargy, lack of appetite — all fit with a viral illness. But the new symptoms of paralysis sounded concerning, as did Yanike's own concern.
Davis referred Elijah to Sinai Hospital where pediatric experts could examine him and try to get to the bottom of what was going on.
"They did a series of tests, called doctors nationwide with Eli's symptoms and all the doctors nationwide agreed that symptomatically, and with some of the testing that had come through, that Eli had acute flaccid myelitis," Yanike says.
Elijah Yanike holds hands with his dad, Anders Yanike, and his mom Lauren Yanike, at Sinai Hospital after Elijah was diagnosed with Acute Flaccid Myelitis and had to spend about a week in the hospital before being transferring to patient rehab at Kennedy Krieger Institute.
Acute flaccid myelitis, or AFM, is a rare but recently increasing phenomenon, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Larger numbers of cases have been appearing every two years, in 2012, 2014, 2016 and, as with Elijah, in 2018, according to the CDC, with the majority featuring disturbing common characteristics: previously healthy children developing paralysis, often following a viral illness.
Diagnosis consists of the onset of paralysis plus the use of imaging, such as MRI, to confirm a lesion, or damage, to the gray matter in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, according to Lazerow. That's the portion of the spinal cord nerve tissue responsible for conducting movement signals from brain to body.
Further complicating things is that while a preceding viral illness seems to be involved in AFM, no one virus or other cause has yet been identified, according to Lazerow. It's something of a medical mystery.
The CDC has confirmed just 537 cases of AFM since 2014. That it's still rare is good news, but in some ways problematic, according to Dr. Thomas Clark, medical epidemiologist and deputy division director of the division of viral diseases at the CDC.
Although AFM is polio-like, it has, so far, defied association with a clear cause like the polio virus, Clark said, and it may turn out it has no singular cause at all.
In particular, a respiratory illness with a fever a few days before the onset of paralysis is a common theme, according to Clark, and AFM cases do seem to have a strong seasonality, he said, with most cases occurring from August through November in peak years, a time when respiratory illnesses are circulating.
He's soft-spoken and polite. He's 14 years old but looks every bit of 18 — tall and filled out, a grown man's mustache, scraggly goatee and long brown hair pulled back into a ponytail — and it's been that way since he was 9, his mother said.
An enterovirus known as EV71 that causes hand, foot and mouth disease has been associated with some cases of AFM-like paralysis in Asia, Clark said, while in the U.S., the 2014 peak of AFM cases was associated a widespread outbreak of severe respiratory illness caused by Enterovirus D68. But testing has not been able to establish a firm link between the virus and AFM.
Figuring this out is an active project at the CDC, according to Clark, and there are leads, such as the peaks in AFM cases every two years. That's a trend, which if it continues, would mark 2020 as the next year to be concerned about.
That's why the CDC is asking public health officials, doctors and parents to keep an eye out and report cases of AFM, according to Clark, to help the organization get a better picture of the epidemiology of AFM and hopefully help solve the puzzle.
Speed can be of the essence in the treatment of individual cases of AFM as well, and Elijah's doctors agreed that it was a good thing his parents persisted in getting to the bottom of his problems quickly.
Without a clear cause of AFM, there are also no clear guidelines for its treatment, according to Lazerow, but the current treatment of choice is to give intravenous immunoglobulins, or IVIG, proteins produced by the body's immune cells to help fight disease. Not everyone responds to that treatment, but Elijah did.
Occupational therapist Michelle Bebo works with 5-year old Eli Yanike as he plays a video game using an upper extremity exoskeleton during a therapy session with the Taneytown youth at the Kennedy Krieger Institute in Baltimore Dec. 14, 2018.
For patients who don't respond to that treatment, there are limited options, according to Lazerow. Steroids and plasma-exchange therapies have been tried, she said.
Until then, the treatments available are what they are, and they have mixed results.
But when it comes to maximizing recovery, there are a lot more options than in the immediate treatment of AFM cases.
"There isn't agreement on the acute treatments, but there is agreement from everybody that rehabilitation is really the best treatment at this point for children with AFM," said Janet Dean, a pediatric nurse practitioner who oversees the rehabilitation program used by Elijah at Kennedy Krieger.
Kennedy Krieger is currently treating or has treated 21 cases of AFM that emerged in 2018 alone, with patients from 11 states, according to statistics provided by an institute spokeswoman.
That treatment ranges from the electrical stimulation Elijah experienced with the robotic arm, to more sophisticated machinery designed to help children more severely affected utilize their legs and practice walking to build strength.
Elijah, fortunately, hasn't needed that much support, according to Yanike.
"He was considered a more mild case and he has come a long way," she says, as Elijah and Bebo prepare another exoskeleton-like tool, this one connected to a video game.
"I wouldn't say he's fully recovered — a lot of these kids, they still don't know if full recovery is even possible — but he has come a really long way. He's running, he's walking, he's jumping. He's holding his neck up really well," his mother says.
"We have seen a lot of progress, especially with Eli recently, with how much he is using his arm more on his own even without us prompting," Bebo adds, as Elijah begins using what looks like the arm of a dental light to control a fish net in a video game based around saving fish from trash in the ocean.
As occupational therapist Michelle Bebo, left, looks on, Eli Yanike, 5, swordfights with his mother Lauren Yanike while fitted with an EMG powered upper arm orthosis during an occupational therapy session at the Kennedy Krieger Institute in Baltimore Dec. 14, 2018.
Thinking about lessons others could take from her family's experience, Yanike says she doesn't want to scare anyone — AFM is still a very rare disease. But given that it is increasingly out there, and affected her family, she thinks it's important people know to be on the lookout.
That's a lesson that comes doctor approved.
Eli Yanike, 5, flexes his right arm as he play a board game with occupational therapist Michelle Bebo at the Kennedy Krieger Institute in Baltimore Dec. 14, 2018. Yanike is undergoing rehabilitation for weakness in his right arm after he was diagnosed with Acute Flaccid Myelitis.
Occupational therapist Michelle Bebo works with five-year old Eli Yanike as he exercises his right arm, suspended by a mobile arm support, during a therapy session at the Kennedy Krieger Institute in Baltimore Dec. 14, 2018. Yanike is undergoing rehabilitation for weakness in his right arm after he was diagnosed with Acute Flaccid Myelitis.


CAPE TOWN, July 2- Diego Maradona, who famously attributed a controversial World Cup goal to the "Hand of God", on Friday said it's the "Will of God" that will inspire Argentina to the final.
"In the end, it is about whether God wants us to be in the final, but I know that is what God wants," Maradona is quoted as saying by SID, an AFP subsidiary.
"This time we will not need the Hand of God, because it is the will of God."
As a player, Maradona used his hand to score against England in Mexico in 1986 and described the incident as the "Hand of God".
On Saturday, Argentina face Germany in the quarter-finals and the Argentina coach believes 20-year-old Bayern Munich midfielder Thomas Mueller, who scored twice in the 4-1 hammering of England in the round of 16, holds the key for his opponents.
Mueller was virtually unknown outside of Germany when he made his debut in a 1-0 friendly defeat to Argentina in Munich in March and attended the post-match press conference as his country's great new hope alongside the Argentina coach.
Maradona joked he thought the ballboy had arrived and felt so slighted that he stormed off and refused to return until the German left the stage to him alone.
But the Argentinian knows all about Mueller now.
"This boy is pretty fast and plays with lots of freedom," said Maradona.
"If we had to run a marathon, Germany would win thanks to Mueller.
"But in football it's not just about running. With the ball at our feet, we are better."
Argentina's talisman Lionel Messi has been battling a cold in the build up to the match, but is expected to be fit.
The 23-year-old has yet to score at this World Cup, but Maradona wants to give the world footballer of the year every opportunity to play to his full potential.
"I want to give Lionel entire freedom so he has so much space to move," said Maradona.
"Players like Messi can't be put in a box, if you do that you take away their freshness and freedom. You have to just have to let them play."


My left wrist hurts. Really badly. Doctor's orders:�voltarane gel (anti septic, muscle relief and good for burns/stings/skin fungi/etc.), and bandage the arm so that I won't play move my wrist much.
My wrist has been hurting on and off ever since, but never in such a scale that it completely disables my hand. It hurts even just typing.
That which is neglected tends to grow. That saying was written in graffiti on some wall in Tel-Aviv. Apparently, there is much truth in it.
I feared that it was caused from my 7-string. I don't have large hands, and I tend to play my guitar very low. Also, it started a bit after I got my 7.
I went to see the doctor about it, and I told her about my playing, and when I told her where I work at (dairy farm), she said that it is much more likely that I got it from there (I also started working there around the time of the initial happening). This makes me feel much better, since I'd rather develope a vicodin habit than give up my extra string.
The worst part? I'm working on a new track of mine, which I really like and am very proud of, and the muse for it has been slagging me with a baseball bat lately, and now it all grinds to a halt.
The even worse part? The dude who writes bass for me, who already has arthritis for a very long time (he can still play, but not for a very long time, and he has a bandage on his hand during the day) just got another infection in his other hand, so he's disabled aswell.
7:09 am	- 4 comments - 2 Kudos - Report!
I've heard a lot about stuff like that. I went to a doctor a year ago or so, because I was getting extreme pain in my wrists when I played. He told me that it was probably my playing style, and I was running the risk of Carpel Tunnel. He told me to talk to a guitar teacher about my technique, and sure enough, I was playing the guitar wrong, which was damaging my veins in my left wrist. Maybe you could talk to a guitar tech, and show him your technique to see what he says. Does it hurt as much when you play a six string?