In the United Kingdom, extreme conditions of prolonged winter snow combined with sub-zero temperatures are fortunately quite rare. However, the potential exists with climate change to experience such conditions more frequently. It is, therefore, important that property owners and occupiers are prepared for such conditions and do not lose sight of the fact that significant weight loads introduced by snow on buildings have the potential to damage the structure resulting in significant property damage, damage to the contents and business interruption.
The most hazardous conditions are likely to arise in the UK when repeated snow falls, that can take place over several days, do not have sufficient time to melt from roofs consequently accumulate and exceed the design capability of the roof. Furthermore, conditions can be exacerbated when rain follows heavy snow falls as rain water will initially be absorbed by the snow layers which will further increase the weight of snow.
Snow and ice on a roof exerts vertical loads that can cause a roof to deflect or bow downwards. Also these extremes in weight load can transfer horizontal forces through the structure that can cause walls to deflect outward at either the top of or base of the wall. Where snow loads imposed on a roof are within the design limits for the roof then generally any minor sagging or deflection that may occur will usually be temporary and simply disappear after the load is removed.
In addition, melting snow combined with rainfall can overwhelm building drainage systems as well as local drainage systems in the area which can result in flooding and damage.
Any work on roofs and gutters will involve work at height and safe methods of working must be used at all times. Any work at height during adverse weather will have the added risk of snow, ice and cold weather. It is important that a full risk assessment is carried out and a safe method of work established. It may be that the work could be more safely carried out by qualified and competent contractors.
Whilst severe winter weather cannot be avoided, following these simple practical guidelines will help avoid or mitigate damage to property and prevent business interruption.
To protect against the likelihood of snow related damage to your property, it is important to develop a timely prevention and maintenance program before the winter weather commences, during and after the winter period. These simple practical measures should form part of your building maintenance program.
The age of the building can be a significant factor in the snow load risk. All properly designed and constructed roofs in this country are built to withstand a prescribed snow load which is determined by a number of factors including expected frequency and severity based on geographic location. Lack of correct design or design to standards that are lower than current building regulations is not uncommon as newer building regulations provide better guidance for estimating snow loads.
If in doubt, specialist advice from chartered structural engineers or other appropriately qualified persons should be sought about the loads acting on a building or how these loads can be safely accommodated by the structure to ensure your buildings are best prepared for the anticipated snow loadings they will experience.
Regular and systematic building inspections are a key part of any maintenance programme in order to help identify problems promptly.
Early remedial action by a competent person is essential to reduce further, more costly, damage. It may be necessary to engage a competent person with the appropriate skills and equipment to carry out inspections in certain areas e.g. roofs.
Intervals between inspections may vary depending on such things as the location, age, construction, usage etc. of a building.
Log books are indispensable for keeping track of maintenance regimes, identified problems and actions taken.
Blocked or damaged rainwater removal systems will allow damage to the building fabric, water ingress and most importantly may prevent water being drained away from the property and in freezing temperatures this can result in ice dams forming during snow and prolonged cold conditions. Ice dams can form when heavy snow melts during the day, flows and cannot sufficiently drain away and then refreezes at night. After several melting-freezing cycles combined with further falls of snow the weight load on the roof will obviously increase.
Again log books are indispensable for keeping track of maintenance regimes, identified problems and actions taken.
Roofs generally need to be inspected at least twice a year or following particularly stormy weather during the the non-winter months - debris on the ground from broken slates and tiles indicates that there is a problem. In some cases roofs can be inspected using binoculars or vantage points from nearby higher buildings.
Ice can form when heavy snow melts during the day, flows under the roof tiles, and then refreezes at night. After several melting-freezing cycles tiles may be displaced, and water may often enter the roof space and damage insulation, ceilings, walls, contents and even the building itself.
Cracked flat roof coverings. A bitumen roofing felt may need to be completely renewed after 10 years.
In addition moss, which retains moisture, needs to be removed since it can cause slate to delaminate and can gradually erode all metals particularly lead work - a seasonal brushing down is often all that is required to prevent excessive build up.
Safety of life is of utmost importance so if there is any doubt about the integrity of a roof in such extreme snow conditions then the building or area should be evacuated until professional advice can be sought.
Any person undertaking work at height on roofs, clearing gutters etc must be competent and suitably trained. The danger of going onto a roof for whatever reason should not be underestimated.
Buildings which have been damaged are likely to be unstable and may present a serious health and safety risk. Unless damaged buildings have been verified as being in safe condition by a qualified and competent person it is sensible to keep out of the buildings to avoid the risk of injury through collapse of the structure.
Seek professional advice to check that any roof is safe and suitable to stand on and has no fragile areas. You should always assume that any roofing surface is fragile until confirmed otherwise by a competent person.
There are a range of snow and ice prevention systems available from specialist installers that can reduce the build up of ice, snow and the dangers posed by heavy snow building up on roofs which can lead to structural damage.
Typically these are electrically powered trace heating systems comprising of heated mats and cables which are routed and positioned in critical areas of the roof, eaves, valleys, gutters and downspouts etc. Such systems are designed to activate automatically by strategically located thermostatic and moisture detection that switches on the heat source whenever the ambient temperatures fall below a set point.
Being prepared for such events will increase your businesses resilience and enable your organisation to resume operations in the most effective and shortest possible time should disaster strike.
Although headline disasters capture the attention, businesses need to be aware that other more specific events are just as likely to threaten their organisation. Disasters can and do happen and will cause healthy businesses to fail. Disasters create missed opportunities, cash flow problems and can often result in bad publicity. All this can lead to a loss of client confidence and your competitors will take advantage.
Planning makes a substantial difference to the possibility of surviving an incident. While it may seem an extra burden to prepare a plan, challenging situations place severe pressure on individuals to make decisions and take action under stressful conditions. Experience proves that it is easier to consider all the issues surrounding a potential crisis objectively beforehand.
Insurance has a vital role to play in supporting your recovery, but it makes sense to have a plan as well. This should give you the opportunity to reduce the risk of some incidents occurring and to know what immediate measures to take to minimise the initial impact.
Business Continuity Plan doesn't need to be complicated and does not need to deal with every scenario. If your plan enables you to cope with the worst case scenario, it will also help you to deal more easily with less serious incidents.
The Business Continuity Planning process is designed to help you reduce the likelihood and impact of risk occurring and becoming a disastrous event, as well as putting in place suitable contingency plans that will enable your business to maintain its revenue and client base, assist with the continuity and recovery of your business and ensure its survival should the worst happen and disaster strike.
Loss of operating systems and/or electronic data produced thereon is likely to have a serious and lasting effect on your company's ability to trade efficiently and effectively, in both the immediate and medium term future. Appropriate precautions need therefore to be taken on what data is perceived as being important and having an impact on the business, if lost so backing up computer systems is important.
Do you know and understand the snow load designs for all the roof sections of your building/s?
Does your building maintenance program include measures to ensure that your buildings are not compromised by snow events?


In "Anne Harwell McElhaney", "Annechovie Commissions", "Annechovie Illustrations", "Elephant"
I just completed this home portrait as a gift that was commissioned by two daughters-in-law for their mother in law. It captures a beloved family home that has hosted many memorable waterfront vacations in Sarasota, Florida. To commission a keepsake or gift of your own, contact me here for pricing and additional info.
In "Anne Harwell", "Annechovie Commissions", "Annechovie Home Portraits", "Sarasota"
In "Anne Harwell", "Annechovie Commissions", "Dog Portraits", "Texas"
In "Anne Harwell", "Annechovie Commissions", "Bridal Bouquet", "Flowers"
In "Anne Harwell", "Annechovie Commissions", "Annechovie Originals", "Birds", "Cats", "Dogs", "Horses", "Pets"
In "Anne Harwell", "Annechovie Commissions", "Hawaii", "Honolulu", "Royal Hawaiian"
In "Anne Harwell", "Annechovie Commissions", "Chair paintings"
In "Anne Harwell", "Annechovie Commissions", "Camellias", "Chapel"
In "Annechovie Commissions", "Boston", "Chair"
In "Anne Harwell", "Annechovie Commissions", "C. Bell", "Palm Beach Style"
In "Anne Harwell", "Annechovie Commissions", "Georgia", "Southern Interiors"
The amazing thing about blogging is the way your location ceases to matter when it comes to connecting with people all over the world. I have met some great people, whether or not we've ever come in contact face-to-face as yet. The opportunity to connect over common views, taste or interests isn't limited by geographic status and there's no lack of diversity. A few months ago, I ran across the work of a particular designer, before I was even aware of her identity. I kept seeing photos of her bright and clean design aesthetic popping up and had to pin them to my Pinterest board. I received an email from a designer asking for details on commissioning a few paintings from me and when I visited her website, I realized it was HER! Ana Cordeiro. Ana is based in Lisbon, Portugal and is a very talented designer and entrepreneur who runs both a bricks and mortar shop and is soon opening an online design business/web shop. She was recently featured in Adore magazine and her elegant and colorful work is popping up everywhere!
I so enjoyed painting her charming (pink!) storefront above.
Ana is a lovely woman with a ton of flair. She likes to mix gorgeous color with clean, classic lines and plenty of white. An infusion of "happy" in any space. My kind of decorating!
If you're interested in having me capture your storefront, home or a little vignette on paper or canvas, please contact me here for more details and pricing.
In "Ana Cordiero", "Anne Harwell", "Annechovie Commissions", "Lisbon", "Portugal", "Prego Sem Estopa"
In "Anne Harwell", "Annechovie Commissions", "Books"
In "Anne Harwell", "Annechovie Commissions", "St. Elizabeth's of Hungary", "Weddings"
In "Anne Harwell", "Annechovie Commissions", "Ellie Nuit", "Ellie"
I wanted to share a recent commission I completed for an Australian client who also happens to be a fellow blogger. This is the charming country chapel where Nicole of First House on the Right was married. I'd like to thank Nicole for the very gracious post she wrote!
Please remember that I am available for commission to paint the church or venue where you married, as well as your home, pet or favorite person! Please don't hesitate to contact me for details and pricing here.
Have a great weekend and don't forget to relax a little!
In "Annechovie Commissions", "First House on the Right", "annechovie mentions"


Our philisophy is to provide simple website design and computer services that make your work-life simpler. While we are a local company, we have partnered with a range of specialist companies in the... UK and abroad to provide some of the services we offer. Our partnerships ensure that you get the expertise you need in a complex technology world, while at the same time enjoying the level of attention you can only get from a local company.
A Content Management System (CMS) is ideal if your business is all about change. Therefore, you may need to make daily or frequent changes to the information displayed throughout your website. A... strict definition of a Content Management System (CMS) would be a computer program which allows you to update the information on your website, without having to code anything, or ask us to do it for you.
One of the UK's first web design agencies, working with companies such as Shakespeare's Globe, Macmillan Publishing, Lycos and Xoom. Quality, integrity, responsibility and care are the core values of... our company. Testament to our success is the success of the people and organisations we work with.
iwebsitez.com is a bespoke web design company located in the UK that specialises in web development and e-commerce, CMS and static HTML websites. Our specialities include Java, PHP, HTML, CSS and... search engine optimisation, otherwise known as SEO.


Hi friends! Been a while! I am traveling a lot for my job.
Anyways, I am on a new kick for products that will last a lifetime rather than a few years. That means everything from bikes to cars to all the way to shoes/clothes and everything in between.
I am curious what your favorite products are that in your opinion will last a lifetime.
It depends upon what you mean by lasting a lifetime. For example, a top-grade mechanical watch may need some refurbishing or repairs from time to time but should otherwise run indefinitely. Can't say the same for electronic sh*t.
Items, in general, IMO, used to be made-to-last last, but unfortunately, capitalism and mass production has put us in situation where "things" cannot be made-to-last because people must be constantly getting new things. I cannot think of anything anymore that I can buy that will not need to be replaced at some time. Quality is not so important to the marketing world it appears to me. Even the recycled bags you buy at the grocery store to put groceries in instead of paper or plastic have been made more and more shoddily in the past two years. They're thinner and less durable. Clothing, no matter how much you pay, although more expensive clothing seems to have a longer life, or used to, is just not made as well anymore. I have Gap t-shirts that I bought in high school that I can still wear because the quality in the early 1990's was better. Now, the same t-shirts at the Gap, just as an example, are thinner and tear more easily in the wash and all around. I wish materials for goods were still worthy of lifetime guarantee. We just don't seem to have that luxury anymore.
Among the things that simply do not last the way they used to are shoes. Shoes have a limited lifetime built in because the sole and uppers tend to be one piece nowadays. When I was a kid, we took shoes with worn soles to a shoemaker to be repaired. Today, shoemakers and shoe repair shops are few and far between and probably only work on very old or very high-end shoes.
A well-built house will last forever, but it will require maintenance. It should not just wear out and become useless like other products.
My grandfather bought a Ferguson TE20 in 1952. Still in use.
A cast-iron sausage maker is pretty darned near indestructible. For example.
Cracking one's teeth on sausage? She needed to put more fat into them or pull them out of the fire sooner. One or the other.
So far for me, 'learn how to make and fix things'. Even if you only trouble-shoot, it will still offer you insights into design and theory.


text:
Q: Permission to BIND_WALLPAPER required when messaging WallpaperService from Settings Activity I've been trying to find a way to pass a message to my Wallpaper Service from a Settings Activity.
In the settings I do this:
Context context = getApplicationContext();

Intent i = new Intent(context, RainWallpaper.class);
i.setAction("my_action");

context.startService(i);

In my Manifest I have the action in the intent filter section for the Service
<action android:name="my_action" />

Finally in the WallpaperService I have overridden onStartCommand().
When I run the code and call startService() I get a security exception.

W/ActivityManager( 2466): Permission Denial: Accessing service
  ComponentInfo{com.myclassname} from pid=2466, uid=1000 requires
  android.permission.BIND_WALLPAPER

So this seems to say that I need to give the settings dialog permission to BIND_WALLPAPER. So when I add that permission the settings dialog now crashes with a security exception.

A: I've struggled with this myself. I found this post to be the most helpful on this topic.
http://groups.google.com/group/android-developers/browse_thread/thread/37c4f36db2b0779a
Edit: just to complete this issue, I've eventually accomplished this task, I think in the same way the above post meant it (but I can't be sure).
The way I did it is to define a BroadcastReceiver as an inner class of my WallpaperService as follows (but could be a separate class just as well I guess) -
public class MyWallpaperService extends WallpaperService {
    private static final String ACTION_PREFIX = MyWallpaperService.class.getName() + ".";

    @Override
    public Engine onCreateEngine() {
        return new <your_engine>;
    }

    private static void sendAction(Context context, String action) {
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        intent.setAction(MyWallpaperService.ACTION_PREFIX + action);
        context.sendBroadcast(intent);
    }

    public class WallpaperEngine extends Engine {
        private Receiver receiver;

        /*****************
         * other members *
         *****************/

        public WallpaperEngine() {
            receiver = new Receiver(MyWallpaperService.this);
            IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
            for (String action: <possible_action_strings>) {
                intentFilter.addAction(ACTION_PREFIX + action);
            }
            registerReceiver(receiver, intentFilter);
        }

        /****************************
         * rest of wallpaper engine *
         ****************************/

        @Override
        public void onDestroy() {
            <close wallpaper members>
            if (receiver != null) {
                unregisterReceiver(receiver);
            }
            receiver = null;
            super.onDestroy();
        }
    }

    public static class Receiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
        private MyWallpaperService myWallpaper;

        public Receiver(MyWallpaperService myWallpaper) {
            this.myWallpaper = myWallpaper;
        }

        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            String action = intent.getAction();
            System.out.println("MyWallpaperService got " + action);
            if (!action.startsWith(ACTION_PREFIX)) {
                return;
            }
            String instruction = action.substring(ACTION_PREFIX.length());

            /*********************
             * rest of the codes *
             *********************/
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


SAO PAULO, BRAZIL — Caught on video – a small twister totally upsets a Brazilian Children's Day celebration and injures a young boy.
Known as a 'dust devil', the mini but strong wind draft easily lifted an inflatable bouncer, and flipped a trampoline over then tossed it aside like it was a lawn chair.
Many in attendance had their cellphones recording – the video shows several angles from the party that was being held in western Sao Paulo's Panorama City.
According to 9NEWS AUSTRALIA, the injured boy is expected to be okay. Which is a good thing, since there was most likely no insurance for inflatable bouncer to pay for any injury claims.
Need insurance for inflatable bouncer? Click here for a free, no risk estimate.


Canada was the First Nation to place all it's Universities on the Internet. The project stared 10 years before the Internet exploded, the year was 1984, the Canadian initiative was to be completed the following year. By doing so all universities online on the Centennial Anniversary of the day the last railway spike was driven into the ground of the Cross Canada railway.
The University of Fredericton (UFred), an accredited and fully-online Canadian university, has announced the successful completion of its first full year using Cisco WebExÆ technology to deliver all its live, online courses to students.
A virtual university provides higher education programs through electronic media, typically the Internet. Some are bricks-and-mortar institutions that provide online learning as part of their extended university courses while others solely offer online courses. They are regarded as a form of distance education. The goal of virtual universities is to provide access to the part of the population who would not be able to attend a physical campus, for reasons such as distance ó in which students live too far from a physical campus to attend regular classes; and the need for flexibility ó some students need the flexibility to study at home whenever it is convenient for them to do so.


On this tour you will experience an amazing abundance of geothermal springs as we hike through one of the most powerful and impressive geothermal areas in Iceland. You will witness everything from small gurgling melting pots to vibrant super-heated pools of water. You will get the chance to explore one of the earth´s most spectacular lava tube caves, Búri, as well as to view some of Iceland´s volcanoes and impressive lava fields.
Note: Dinner is not included in the price.
Included: Transport, English guidance, accommodation at Stokkseyri, packed lunch (both days), flash light, gloves and a helmet.
Bring with you: Good hiking shoes, bottle of water, bathing suit and towel (if you plan on soaking in a hot spring) and warm clothes (dress according to the weather).
After we pick you up at your hotel in Reykjavík we will drive away from Reykjavík in an easterly direction. Soon after we leave the city we will see the mountain of Hengill, a central volcano with a giant magma chamber. We will drive up to Hengill and from there we will start our hike to the valley of Reykjadalur. Located at the foot of the old volcanic cone of Hengill, this hiking trail passes a series of beautiful hot springs en route to the Reykjadalur, a valley where you could enjoy a cozy bath in a beautiful warm stream.
In Reykjadalur hot water rushes down the slopes of Hellisheidi heath creating the ideal place to relax in an untouched natural hot stream. Imagine walking between two streams, one piping hot and the other just barely above freezing. We will spend some time here giving you the chance to enjoy your packed lunch and to relax in the hot streams if you wish.
After strolling alongside these wonders of nature we will hike downhill into the town of Hveragerdi, known for its large green houses which are heated by geothermal energy. We will stop in Hveragerdi for a while and you will have some time to walk around and explore the town, to buy some of the fresh vegetables grown here or just relax after your hike.
After enjoying Hveragerdi we will continue to the town of Stokkseyri where you will have accommodation in a nice guesthouse. Stokkseyri offers a charming tranquil atmosphere, fresh air and a view to the ocean, as well as the company of the gentle ghosts which some people believe are around in this little town. In Stokkseyri you will be able to enjoy dinner at a nice restaurant, Fjorubordid, or at The Seashore Restaurant, a restaurant serving delicious food true to its name - its special dish is lobster, fresh from the ocean waves almost lapping at its doorstep.
After breakfast we continue our journey and drive towards Leitahraun, a lava field on the Reykjanes peninsula where we will visit one of the earth's most spectacular lava tube caves, known as Buri. The eruption which formed the lava field of Leitahraun was massive and therefore the lava tube cave, Buri, is also massive.
It will take us about an hour walk to the cave's entrance and the cave itself is rather difficult to trek. The entrance is very narrow, but once you are inside you will stand in a great chamber filled with ice sculptures and formations of all sizes. Going through the chamber of ice and up the icy slope at the back of the chamber isn't a trek for everyone, and is especially not for those that have any kind of health issues. After enjoying Buri we trek back to the clean and crisp air of the Icelandic wilderness where we will take a short lunch break.
We will continue along the Reykjanes Peninsula amongst lava fields and volcanoes. We will stop at an old church, Strandakirkja, (Coast church). It now stands far from all farms and towns and is the only part remaining of the once flourishing community of Strönd ("Coast"), which at one time was the home of some of the richest and most powerful men in Iceland. We will then pass Lake Hlidarvatn from where you can enjoy a view of the westernmost part of the flat and harbourless south coast as well as of Strandarkirkja Church.
We will then head to the Blue Lagoon where we will have around two hours to relax and enjoy all the amazing things the lagoon has to offer. The water temperature is 37-39 ° C. The Blue Lagoon is among the wonders of the world. After enjoying our relaxating time in the Blue Lagoon we will return to Reykjavik where we will drop you off at your hotel.


text:
You are here: Home / Automotive News / VinFast Rolls Out $17K Hatchback
This tiny hatchback launches the VinFast car brand.
You probably haven't heard of VinFast, the local Vietnamese automaker. But VinFast aims to get its name out there, by producing a succession of new models, beginning with a $17,000 hatchback debuting this month.
VinFast is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Vingroup, one of the largest private enterprises in Vietnam. Up to now, this southeast-Asian country of nearly 100 million citizens has relied on foreign manufacturers to supply its burgeoning consumer base with new vehicles. The automaker launched in 2017, relying on homegrown and foreign talent to shape the company. They've also partnered with some of the most influential names in the business to develop its own models, including BMW, Pininfarina, General Motors, and Magna Steyr.
Now Launching: VinFast Fidal
The VinFast Fidal has the distinction of launching this company's production aspirations, a subcompact hatchback retailing from $16,900. The company claims 10,000 early orders for the hatchback and plans to make upwards of 250,000 vehicles during its initial stage of operation.
By 2025, the automaker expects to double production capacity. In about a year, we'll see the first exports shipped abroad. The U.S. market, however, is not included, although that may change.
The VinFast Fidal is only slightly larger than the Chevrolet Spark.
A quick examination of the VinFast product line reveals that the vehicles aren't fully built in Vietnam. For example, the hatchback's chassis comes from Opel's Karl Rocks' model. Opel was recently owned by GM and is now a PSA Groupe subsidiary. As for the upcoming sedans and utility vehicle, both are based on BMW frames. The vehicles were designed by Pininfarina, the Italian design studio.
VinFast boasts 32 dealerships and showrooms nationwide, as of this writing. At the beginning of the month, the company started offering test drive opportunities for shoppers. Those who participated in the initial test drive program will also have an opportunity to receive a car in a handover ceremony on June 17.
"With the delivery of VinFast Fadil on schedule with customers, and the opening of a car factory only 21 months after the commencement, we have completed a huge amount of normal work. Other manufacturers take 36 to 60 months. The test drive program at dealers is organized before customers officially receive the car is the affirmation of our commitment to do everything to bring the best satisfaction and experience for Vietnamese consumers, " said Mr. James Deluca – General Director of VinFast.
Fidal Overview: Specs and Key Features
The VinFast Fidal has a 1.4-liter four-cylinder engine with an output of 98 horsepower and 128 foot-pounds of torque. A continuously variable transmission sends power to the front wheels.
The Fadil is available in six colors and has an adjustable steering column, 7-inch touchscreen, and a six-speaker audio system. All models come with aluminum wheels, six airbags, a parking assist system, stability control, and a rear vision camera.
Modern conveniences, including a touchscreen display, are among the Fadil's standard features.
Two Additional Models Planned
VinFast will follow up with two additional models — the Lux A2.0 sedan and the Lux SA2.0 SUV. Both vehicles will ride on a rear-wheel-drive platform powered by a turbocharged 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine with 228 horsepower and 350 foot-pounds of torque. A ZF 8-speed automatic transmission sends power to the wheels. Both models were showcased at the most recent Paris Motor Show.
VinFast's success is not assured, despite its homegrown appeal. Indeed, the Vietnamese consumer has shown its preference for foreign brands, most notably for their "high-quality products," reports Bloomberg. Nevertheless, the company has invested the equivalent of US$3.5 billion to ensure VinFast products have what it takes to meet the country's growing demand for passenger vehicles.
See Also — Meet VinFast, an Emerging Automaker From Vietnam
Photos copyright VinFast.
Filed Under: Automotive News, New Models Tagged With: front-wheel drive, OPEL, subcompact hatchback, Vietnam, VinFast, VinFast Fadil, VinFast LUX A2.0, VinFast LUX SA2.0, Vingroup
Hold Fast: VinFast Does Paris says:
[…] VinFast has already indicated it won't stop with its two initial models. Indeed, the company has struck a deal with General Motors to market a city car under the VinFast name. VinFast and GM also have a partnership agreement in place, which resulted in the transfer of GM's Hanoi automotive plant to VinFast. […]
Meet VinFast, an Emerging Automaker From Vietnam says:
[…] agreement, VinFast will produce small cars under a GM global license beginning in 2019. Further, VinFast will become the exclusive distributor of Chevrolet models throughout the country. In effect, GM is […]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We have always been conscious of the wait for life-changing messages, whether it be the time it takes to receive a text message from your love, for a soldier's family to learn news from the front, or for a space probe to deliver data from the far reaches of the solar system. In this book in praise of wait times, award-winning author Jason Farman passionately argues that the delay between call and answer has always been an important part of the message. Traveling backward from our current era of Twitter and texts, Farman shows how societies have worked to eliminate waiting in communication and how they have interpreted those times' meanings. Exploring seven eras and objects of waiting-including pneumatic mail tubes in New York, Elizabethan wax seals, and Aboriginal Australian message sticks-Farman offers a new mindset for waiting. In a rebuttal to the demand for instant communication, Farman makes a powerful case for why good things can come to those who wait.


Over 58 years, the Rev. Billy Graham preached at 417 crusades in 185 countries and territories worldwide, reaching 84 million people face to face and a total of 215 million by satellite feeds.
Washington, District of Columbia Tour American Cities (April/May).
Tour Europe — Amsterdam, Berlin, Copenhagen, Dusseldorf, Frankfurt, Helsinki, Paris, Stockholm.
Tour U.S. Service Bases, West Germany.
Tour India and Far East.
Canberra, Launceston and Hobart, Australia.
New York, (Spanish), New York.
Tuscaloosa, Alabama (U. of Alabama).
Los Angeles, California (25th Anniversary Celebration).
Satellite Locations: Sweden, Norway, Iceland.
Amherst, Massachusetts (University of Massachusetts).
New Haven, Connecticut (Yale University).
Cambridge, Massachusetts (Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
South Hamilton, Massachusetts (Gordon Conwell Seminary).
Hanover, New Hampshire (Dartmouth College).
German Democratic Republic — Wittenberg, Dresden (Saxony), Gorlitz, Stendal, Stralsund, Berlin.
Czechoslovakia — Prague, Brno, Bratislava.
Mission England — Bristol, Sunderland, Norwich, Birmingham, Liverpool, Ipswich.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics — Leningrad, Russia; Tallinn, Estonia; Novosibirsk, Siberia; Moscow, Russia.
Romania — Suceava, Cluj Napoca, Oradea, Arad, Timisoara, Sibiu, Bucharest.
People's Republic of China — Beijing, Huaiyin, Nanjing, Shanghai, Guangzhou.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics — Zagorsk, Russia; Moscow, Russia; Kiev, Ukraine.
Uniondale (Long Island), New York.
New York, New York (Central Park).
Beijing, People's Republic of China.


Now here's a tale of a proud new city.
Once a sundered land. Now sitting pretty.
With Washington, Hetton and Houghton le Spring.
To Viking raids, bubonic plagues or Hitler's deadly blitz.
'Wearsiders' have certainly learned to stand and take the hits.
The year six seventy four AD was when it all began.
When no one had even heard of 'Sunderland Enterprise Park'.
Built a monastery at Wearmouth achieving saintly acclaim.
And soon all Light and Learning of England had found a spiritual home.
But Biscop wasn't the only local lad to make a Saint.
And soon he'd grown up to become 'The Venerable Bede'.
Remembered to this day as 'The Father of English History'.
Throughout this time the English coast lay vulnerable to attack.
A ninth century Viking raid saw the area violently sacked.
When The Normans re-established it, Durham Cathedral's monastic cell.
Now you'll find no mention of Sunderland in King William's Domesday Book.
He'd only have found a small fishing village there if he'd cared to take a look.
And two hundred Wearside inhabitants had thrown their marker down.
The Middle-Ages were far from kind unto it's kith and kin.
With famine and regular Scottish raids all taken on the chin.
Half their people perished, though half recovered in no time.
See 'Mackems' then, like now, were nothing if not a resourceful lot.
They'd started making salt by boiling seawater in pots.
Then this was used to preserve their food all through the wintertime.
Well you couldn't buy a 'fridge' at Curry's in 1529.
With their salt in huge demand the town began to grow.
Who used poor coal from their own pit to boil the water down.
In iron pans, at a place soon known as 'Pann's Bank' to the town.
Bowes knew their coal was key if the Town was going to expand.
So in 1600 he built 'Bowes Quay' to deal with the demand.
Soon London and East Anglia both relied on their black stuff.
Despite Newcastle's charter restrictions they still made more than enough.
Now driven by the taste of success they would not leave it there.
Exporting lime which protected walls from weather quite unfair.
And the Wear's own mouth had brought the means for nationwide renown.
And we must always be prepared for a sharp change in the weather.
Not with France or Spain but with itself, the Civil War had begun.
Nowhere in England was tension keener than in North-Eastern parts.
With Newcastle fiercely Royalist, Sunderland took Cromwell to heart.
As 'Parliamentarians' attacked Charles' strongholds, with many, many fatalities.
Cromwell's essential supply of coal would have been at virtually nought.
But who could blame the Wearsiders for their Parliamentarian stance?
When years of Newcastle's Royal advantage had led them a merry dance?
By 1700 another new chapter had started to unfold.
Newcastle, due to its Royalist stance, had lost its trading hold.
When with customary drive and no little skill shipbuilding was what it did next.
So the 'Wear Commissioners' were formed to see the town would get what it ought.
Adding a second, and then Wearmouth Bridge by the turn of the new century.
Prosperous years were to follow thanks to a shipbuilding industry boom.
The four hundred shipyards on the banks of the Wear left little elbowroom.
A third of all ships in the Kingdom were built in a registered Wearside yard.
"The largest shipbuilding town in the world", its impressive calling card.
Yet the harm that is caused by industrial growth is not in mystery shrouded.
And like all the thriving towns at this time, Sunderland was soon overcrowded.
As dirty and unsanitary conditions helped deadly Cholera to strike twice.
Despite this misfortune the steam-driven age produced jobs like never before.
A new engine-powered 'Rope-Making Machine' brought demands for more and more.
The population grew tenfold throughout our great Victoria's reign.
The Census of 1901 proclaimed a hundred and fifty thousand names.
One third of its workforce were soon unemployed and by rejection scarred.
The community lifeblood so cruelly drained from shipbuilding and coalmines.
But nothing's more likely to rally the 'Mackems' than a bout of extreme bad luck.
Whose capricious fortunes continue to echo the City's own history?
Yes, Sunderland fans know only too well, the heartache required to succeed.
If you'd backed them for the Cup in '73 you'd have met with much derision.
Six months before, after ten straight defeats, they faced the drop from the second division.
And when Porterfield scored they were one-nil up…but still with an hour to play!
The Nation was gripped as wave after wave of Leeds attacks were mounted.
But the Sunderland 'keeper Montgomery knew just how much his efforts counted.
And when the whistle finally ended the game, near single-handedly beaten the best.
It was all too much for modest Bob Stokoe, who now set off like a hare.
Skipping with joy in his raincoat and trilby, it was obvious that he didn't care.
And millions more of us watched on TV unable to utter a word!
Yet perhaps this moment has come to define what it is about 'Mackems' unique.
A humorous eccentricity belying a defiant, irreverent streak.
Forged in adversity throughout a long history it continues to serve their cause.
So take a bow now Sunderland, you've earned the world's applause.
But what does the future for Wearsiders hold?
One billion invested or so we are told.
A new reputation via regeneration as a site of creative renown?
Whatever mutation, you never will keep the people of Sunderland down.
Like Biscop and Gilpin, Robert Bowes and John Smith.
We honour your memory and salute you forthwith.


text:
Q: Lambda Variable Assignment (for Tkinter command callbacks) I was trying to learn a bit more about Tkinter and came across this code online
import Tkiner
import ttk
root = Tk()
l =ttk.Label(root, text="Starting...")
l.grid()
l.bind('<Enter>', lambda e: l.configure(text='Moved mouse inside'))
l.bind('<Leave>', lambda e: l.configure(text='Moved mouse outside'))
l.bind('<1>', lambda e: l.configure(text='Clicked left mouse button'))
l.bind('<Double-1>', lambda e: l.configure(text='Double clicked'))
l.bind('<B3-Motion>', lambda e: l.configure(text='right button drag to %d,%d' % (e.x, e.y)))
root.mainloop()

When I ran this program, and dragged my mouse over the screen while the RMB was pressed it gave me the coordinates as is mentioned it should do in the "B3-Motion" bind.
What exactly does the temp variable "e" refer to in this scenario?
Thanks!

A: When you bind a function to an event with widget.bind(...), tkinter will always pass in an argument to the function that represents the event when it calls the function. Typically this is named event, but sometimes abbreviated as e.
The event object has information about the event, such as which widget received the event, the x/y coordinate of the cursor when the event occurred, and other useful information.
You can read a bit more about that object here: http://effbot.org/tkinterbook/tkinter-events-and-bindings.htm
.


Often homeowners ask themselves the question, How Do I Know When My Windows Need Cleaned? Which is a perfectly good question to ask yourself. Cleaning windows is a task that not many of us like to do. And if we have to clean our windows, we like to do it as little as possible. Many homeowners do not see the value of cleaning windows and why it is so important. Cleaning your windows ensures that you are keeping grime and dirt out of your house. And also keeping away rot and decay, which is attracted by built up dirt. So, you want to keep your windows regularly cleaned. We now know that we need to be cleaning our windows. But, in this blog we will list out the signs you can see that tell you when it is time to clean your windows.
The first sign that your windows need cleaned is, there are many visible fingerprint marking. If you can see fingerprints all over your window. It is time to clean. Overtime, those fingerprints can leave oil in your glass. Which you do not want.
Second sign, if you see dirt. If there is any visible dirt on the inside or outside of your window it is time to clean. You do not want dirt to build up on your glass and possibly get into your house. Dirt is for the outside ground, not on your windows.
Generally, it is a good rule that you should clean your windows once a week. That way you will avoid excess dirt, oil buildup, or anything else that has attached to your window. We understand that most people do not want to spend time cleaning windows. But, to keep your house clean and germ free it needs to be done. We also recommend that you have a professional window cleaning service, visit every month a a half. To ensure that your windows are getting the treatment they deserve.
Don't waste anymore time today. Get up and clean your windows. And then call us at 832-639-3434 to schedule your professional window cleaning service today! Our expert technicians will have your windows glistening in no time. And also give you tips and tricks on how you can keep them looking clean till your next service.


text:
Flavius Domitius Modestus (geboren im 4. Jahrhundert vermutlich in Arabien; gestorben vor 390) war ein römischer Advokat, Prätorianerpräfekt und Konsul des Jahres 372.

Der vermutlich aus Arabien stammende Modestus, der seine Laufbahn wohl zunächst als Advokat begann, wurde bei dem Prätorianerpräfekt Anatolius im Jahr 357 Assessor. Von 358 bis 362 war er unter den Kaisern Constantius II. und Julian comes Orientis, was mit ausgedehnten Reisen verbunden war. In dieser Funktion zeigte er sich als Vorsitzender einer Kommission in Skythopolis als grausamer Richter. Im Anschluss war er in den Jahren 362/363 und abermals 369 praefectus urbi von Konstantinopel. Während seiner Zeit als Prätorianerpräfekt per Orientem unter Kaiser Valens von 369 bis 377 wurde er für das Jahr 372 zum Konsul ernannt.

Modestus, der mit dem berühmten Rhetor Libanios freundschaftlich verbunden und wie dieser eigentlich Christ war, kehrte zwischenzeitlich zum alten Glauben zurück. Dennoch hatte Valens in ihm einen durchsetzungsstarken Verfechter seiner gegen das Bekenntnis von Nicäa gerichteten Religionspolitik, die den Arianismus stärken sollte. Ammianus Marcellinus und Zosimos setzten Modestus in ein ungünstiges Licht. Modestus starb vor dem Jahr 390.

Literatur

Anmerkungen

Konsul (Römische Kaiserzeit)
Römer
Geboren im 4. Jahrhundert
Gestorben im 4. Jahrhundert
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Bloodlines: Heart of War by M. Zachary Sherman. A Bloodlines Novel.
Review: Wheew! Pop! Boom! These are sounds you usually hear if you are a Donovan. Blood Lines: Heart of War is an action-packed, thrilling set of stories. The Donovan family is depicted from 1938-2011 as different generations of family members engage in war. M. Zachary Sherman tells stories of courage, strength and bravery.
This book includes 7 members of the Donovan family. In WW2, Michael is a paratrooper on D-Day and Aaron is a saboteur. In the Korean War, Everett is a captain in the Marines and Tony is an engineer who must repair a vehicle to get his fellow soldiers to safety. In the Vietnam War, Verner is an air force pilot supporting the Marines, and Anne is a medic in the nurse corps. Lester is a Navy SEAL serving in Afghanistan and later the Iraq War.
I rate Blood Lines: Heart of War five stars out of five. I think this deserves five stars because it was full of action, so it wasn't completely anti-climactic. This action is appealing to me because my interest in military history. To add to that, there is a sense of family tradition when they go into combat. I like that the Donovans go into the armed forces because of their ancestors, and they do it without complaining, and even when it isn't required. Finally, I learned that warfare is more complex than just two men fighting. This book reveals the truth; you might not even have essentials like food, or water. All in all, Blood Lines: Heart of War appeals to ages ten and up because of violence.
We would like to thank Media Masters Publicity for providing a copy of Bloodlines: Heart of War for this review.
Have you read Bloodlines: Heart of War? How would you rate it?


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<ui:UiBinder xmlns:ui='urn:ui:com.google.gwt.uibinder'
    xmlns:g='urn:import:com.google.gwt.user.client.ui'
    xmlns:d='urn:import:com.google.gerrit.client.diff'>
  <ui:with field='res' type='com.google.gerrit.client.diff.Resources'/>
  <ui:style gss='false' type='com.google.gerrit.client.diff.SideBySideTable.DiffTableStyle'>
    @external .CodeMirror, .CodeMirror-selectedtext;
    @external .CodeMirror-linenumber;
    @external .CodeMirror-overlayscroll-vertical, .CodeMirror-scroll;
    @external .CodeMirror-dialog-bottom;
    @external .CodeMirror-cursor;

    @external .dark, .noIntraline, .showLineNumbers;

    .difftable .patchSetNav,
    .difftable .CodeMirror {
      -webkit-touch-callout: none;
      -webkit-user-select: none;
      -khtml-user-select: none;
      -moz-user-select: none;
      -ms-user-select: none;
    }

    .difftable .CodeMirror pre {
      overflow: hidden;
      border-right: 0;
      width: auto;
    }

    /* Preserve space for underscores. If this changes
     * see ChunkManager.addPadding() and adjust there.
     */
    .difftable .CodeMirror pre,
    .difftable .CodeMirror pre span {
      padding-bottom: 1px;
    }

    .hideA .psNavA,
    .hideA .a {
      display: none;
    }

    .hideB .psNavB,
    .hideB .b {
      display: none;
    }

    .table {
      width: 100%;
      table-layout: fixed;
      border-spacing: 0;
    }
    .table td { padding: 0 }
    .a, .b { width: 50% }
    .hideA .psNavB, .hideA .b { width: 100% }
    .hideB .psNavA, .hideB .a { width: 100% }

    /* Hide scrollbars on A, B controls both views. */
    .a .CodeMirror-scroll { margin-right: -36px; }
    .a .CodeMirror-overlayscroll-vertical { display: none !important; }

    .showLineNumbers .b { border-left: none; }
    .b { border-left: 1px solid #ddd; }

    .a .diff { background-color: #faa; }
    .b .diff { background-color: #9f9; }
    .a .intralineBg { background-color: #fee; }
    .b .intralineBg { background-color: #dfd; }
    .noIntraline .a .intralineBg { background-color: #faa; }
    .noIntraline .b .intralineBg { background-color: #9f9; }

    .dark .a .diff { background-color: #400; }
    .dark .b .diff { background-color: #444; }

    .dark .a .intralineBg { background-color: #888; }
    .dark .b .intralineBg { background-color: #bbb; }
    .dark .noIntraline .a .intralineBg { background-color: #400; }
    .dark .noIntraline .b .intralineBg { background-color: #444; }

    .patchSetNav, .diff_header {
      background-color: #f7f7f7;
      line-height: 1;
    }

    .difftable .CodeMirror-selectedtext {
      background-color: inherit !important;
    }
    .difftable .CodeMirror-linenumber {
      height: 1.11em;
      cursor: pointer;
    }
    .difftable .CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor {
      border-left: 2px solid black;
    }
    .difftable .CodeMirror-dialog-bottom {
      border-top: 0;
      border-left: 1px solid #000;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #000;
      background-color: #f7f7f7;
      top: 0;
      right: 0;
      bottom: auto;
      left: auto;
    }
    .showLineNumbers .padding {
      margin-left: 21px;
      border-left: 2px solid #d64040;
    }
  </ui:style>
  <g:HTMLPanel styleName='{style.difftable}'>

          <d:PatchSetSelectBox ui:field='patchSetSelectBoxA' />

          <d:PatchSetSelectBox ui:field='patchSetSelectBoxB' />

    <g:FlowPanel ui:field='widgets' visible='false'/>
  </g:HTMLPanel>
</ui:UiBinder>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Claire Elise
Claire Elise was born in Des Moines, IA and grew
up in Johnston. She received her B.A. in Studio Art with a Ceramics emphasis, from the University of Northern Iowa in Cedar Falls, IA in 2019. Ceramics and Photography are her two main mediums but sculpture is another area she likes to explore. She currently works as the Ceramics Lab Technician at the Hearst Center for the Arts, in Cedar Falls, IA. She also works as a Ceramics Lab Monitor for the University of Northern Iowa, in Cedar Falls.
My work is a collection of self-portraits that surmise past moments, feelings and memories from my childhood. These are derived from having grown up in a stifling, emotionally abusive, and neglectful environment. I seek to encapsulate these personal struggles in order to discover who I am, and who I have been, and who I can become.
In ceramics, I tend to work at a bigger scale which emphasizes the importance of these emotional moments. I find that a larger scale also gives a sense of enormity, seriousness, and a sense of relation to these feelings as a whole. Every texture and color I use is chosen to emphasize each specific moment or feeling that I address in each piece. Much is derived from my childhood, and how encapsulating those feelings now, allows for reflection and growth as both a person and an artist.
In my photography, I like to create scenes that also deal with these emotions. I find that this media allows me a different sense of exploration through the concepts that I am working with. Photography allows me to construct a sense of narrative, whether real or imagined, yet it still conveys an honest truth behind the feelings they evoke. While my work is very personal to me, I like creating scenes, and pieces in which the viewers can construct their own interpretation.
© 2023 by SMALL BRAND. Proudly created with Wix.com


Mark Chan and his family were at a crossroads. His next career move looked certain to be the most important he would ever face. He, his wife and their young children had all quite enjoyed their time in Britain but he now had either to continue pursuing his international career, or return to their native Singapore. Assistant Professor of Asian Business and Marketing Günter K. Stahl and co-author Chei Chua Hwee present a case scenario that has become all too common for executives in major multinationals. Several major pros and cons weighed on both sides of the issue. Winner of the 2005 Academy of Management case writing competition.
Mark Chan and his family were at a crossroads. His next career move looked certain to be the most important he would ever face. His time in England would soon be coming to a close. He, his wife and their young children had all quite enjoyed their time in Britain. But he now had either to continue pursuing his international career, or return to their native Singapore.
Assistant Professor of Asian Business and Marketing Günter K. Stahl and co-author Chei Chua Hwee present a case scenario that has become all too common for executives in major multinationals. Several major pros and cons weighed on both sides of the issue. But for Mark and his wife Linda, any amount of analysis did not seem to be getting them very far.
Mark had risen quite quickly in Energem, a diversified international corporation with leading positions in a number of industries. Having begun his career at the Singapore subsidiary of a Japanese-based consultancy firm, he was attracted by Energem's wide range of possibilities. He joined the Singapore office after having travelled extensively in Asia for work. Having started a family, he returned to Singapore and took a managerial position in Energem's chemicals division.
Impressing his superiors and having been promoted, after three years Mark was offered a three-year posting at the company's London HQ. Accepting it would make him a senior executive and, despite his wife needing to give up her job, they gladly accepted.
The family was quite happy in England overall. But Mark had some concerns. Certain colleagues seemed to be implying tacitly that he was hired as a "token Asian" to add diversity to the main office. He was, however, able to convince them in time that he had indeed been hired on merit.
Over time, Mark also began to appreciate that his family was closer and happier than they had been in Singapore. Their standard of living was also higher. Sadly, Linda's father fell seriously ill, and she began to feel intense guilt about the geographical distance between herself and her family.
Thus the emergence of the Chan family's big dilemma: In spite of his professional success, Mark could not locate a position within the Singapore office that was a step up. He was passed over for a coveted spot in favour of someone with no international experience, and was beginning to feel quite cynical about Energem's much-touted appreciation of the value of "global players".
Eventually, a three-year position in Holland appeared, offering a major promotion. While appealing on many levels, the school system and culture were entirely different to anything his family had ever experienced.
Winner of the 2005 Academy of Management case writing competition, the "A" case study presents an interesting insight into the types of dilemmas experienced every day by young, ambitious professional couples. The author essentially leaves it up to the individual reader to decide what course the Chan family should embark upon. The "B" case covers the family's eventual decision, and its consequences.


The passionate fury of making peace. acrylic on paper, Lynne Cameron, 2016.
I sat by the Baltic sea last weekend with a German couple and a good friend from Berlin. We talked about our families and discovered that our grandfathers could have been fighting each other in WW1 - lives ruined by nerve gas and killing. Our fathers and uncles were each physically and emotionally damaged by having to fight in WW2, in Russia and Burma. We thought of our sons, appreciated the peacetime we have lived in, and hoped that this generation would not lose their awareness of how much this matters.


K9 handlers and their wives across the United States will find a range of themed K9 clothing with K9 Life. Share your passion for your K9 family members everywhere you go with our selection of t-shirts, tank tops, sweatshirts, decals, hats, and koozies. At K9 Life, we truly understand the K9 community including K9 military and police officers, and share your passion for your K9 partners. Backed by more than 10 years of experience, our team is there to fulfill all your needs. We take pride in being able to help show off this "Life" that has become such an important part of our life as we are sure it has yours too. Go to the Catalog button at the top of this page to see all of our products.
We will be coming up with new designs about every 2 months so keep coming back to see the new stuff. We will also have some competitions and will donate some of the proceeds to a charity that is LE and Military related. For the wives we will have some breast cancer shirts and will also be donating some of the proceeds to Breast cancer awareness.


text:
Australian Bills of Rights
Subject LAWS40022 (2010)
January, Parkville - Taught on campus.
To be taught intensivley over the summer semester.
Contact Hours: Intensive over the summer semester (24 contact hours).
Total Time Commitment: 144 hours.
Administrative Law, Legal Method and Reasoning, Principles of Public Law; Constitutional Law; or equivalent subjects.
For the purposes of considering requests for Reasonable Adjustments under the Disability Standards for Education (Cwth 2005), and Students Experiencing Academic Disadvantage Policy, academic requirements for this subject are articulated in the Subject Description, Subject Objectives, Generic Skills, and Assessment Requirements of this entry.
The University is dedicated to providing support to those with special requirements. Further details on the disability support scheme can be found at the Disability Liaison Unit website: http://www.services.unimelb.edu.au/disability/.
Prof Simon Evans
Melbourne Law School Student Centre
Email: law-studentcentre@unimelb.edu.au
This subject introduces students to the key elements of the new Australian human rights Acts – the Victorian Charter of Human Rights and the ACT Human Rights Act. These Acts dramatically change the human rights landscape in Australia. This subject will equip students with the knowledge and skills needed to understand, apply and critically assess these Acts. Topics covered will include: the history of Australian human rights Acts; the international and comparative context of these Acts; how these Acts work, including their application in the law-making process, the obligations on government to comply with human rights, remedies for breach of human rights and the obligation to interpret legislation consistently with human rights; and case studies of significant rights protected by these Acts, chosen from a list including criminal procedure rights, freedom of expression, freedom from discrimination and property rights.
Note: The essay in this subject is regarded as a substantial piece of legal writing for honours purposes.
On completion of this subject, students should:
Have developed an understanding of: the structure and operation of the existing and proposed Australian Human Rights Acts and Bills of Rights, in theory and practice; the core provisions of the existing and proposed Australian Human Rights Acts and Bills of Rights and the various models used in other Commonwealth countries; the principles that influence debate about and design of the existing and proposed Australian Human Rights Acts and Bills of Rights, including principles relating to democracy and individual rights; the impact of the existing and proposed Australian Human Rights Acts and similar Acts in other countries on the policy process and policy options; the impact of the existing and proposed Australian Human Rights Acts and similar Acts in other countries on the individual and different groups within society;
Be able to draw on this understanding to: describe and critically analyse the principles that influence the debate about and design of Human Rights Acts and Bills of Rights; describe and critically analyse the structure and operation of the existing and proposed Australian Human Rights Acts and Bills of Rights, in theory and practice; apply human rights legislation to new fact situations;
Present these descriptions, analyses and applications of principles in the form of written arguments that are appropriately structured, developed, supported and referenced;
Have enhanced general cognitive skills in relation to reading and comprehending legal materials; logical analysis and reasoning; legal research and writing; application of legal principles to factual situations; identifying relevant factual information; identifying and considering options to resolve legal problems; drawing on the knowledge of other disciplines to understand and resolve legal issues.
Attendance at 75% of classes (hurdle)
Class participation (10%) and
5,000-word research assignment, due beginning March (90%) or
3-hour supervised, written examination, at the end of February (90%)
Carolyn Evans and Simon Evans, Australian Bills of Rights: The Law of the Victorian Charter and the ACT Human Rights Act (2008 LexisNexis);
Printed materials will be available from the Melbourne Law School.
Evans and Pound, An Annotated Guide to the Victorian Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities (Thomsons).
On completion of the subject, students should have developed the following generic skills:
Attitudes towards knowledge that include valuing truth, openness to new ideas and ethics associated with knowledge creation and usage;
The capacity for close reading and analysis of a range of sources;
The capacity for critical and independent thought and reflection;
The capacity to solve problems, including through the collection and evaluation of information;
The capacity to communicate, both orally and in writing;
The capacity to plan and manage time;
Intercultural sensitivity and understanding.
In addition, on completion of the subject, students should have developed the following skills specific to the discipline of law:
- Case reading and analysis, including an ability to:
Read complex human rights cases, including unedited cases in the law reports;
Extract important features from judgments;
Reconcile judgments;
Evaluate the development of legal principles;
Apply legal principles arising from case law to new situations.
- Statutory reading, interpretation and analysis, including an ability to:
Use, interpret and apply provisions of Human Rights Acts to new situations;
Apply the distinct principles of Human Rights Acts in interpreting other legislation.
- Legal analysis and problem-solving, including an ability to:
Critically analyse human rights legislation with reference to fundamental principles;
Identify and analyse human rights issues arising in complex fact situations;
Apply human rights principles and provisions to unfamiliar fact situations;
Develop and present an appropriately structured and supported legal argument.
- Legal research skills, including an ability to:
Find primary historical sources relevant to human rights;
Find case law;
Find statutes and constitutions;
Find secondary sources;
Identify the most relevant and up-to-date primary and secondary sources and justify the research process.
- Legal writing skills, including an ability to:
Use case law as part of legal analysis;
Use human rights legislation as part of legal analysis;
Identify and summarise legal principles;
Identify and summarise fundamental principles;
Use proper referencing and citation;
Present an appropriately structured and supported complex legal argument.
- Oral communication skills in participating in classroom problem solving and discussion;
- An ability to work in groups to solve problems and critically analyse legal materials in a classroom setting.
This subject has a quota of 40. Please contact the Law Student Centre for enrolment information.
v>


Before we set sail to the Caribbean, we'll be jetting off to Palm Beach for a few days, a destination that excites me because of Slim Aarons — who snapped the above photo of CZ Guest in Palm Beach — and Jonathan Adler — who just redesigned the EAU Palm Beach, where we'll be staying, thanks to JetBlue Getaways. We've never been to Palm Beach, so if you have any tips for me, please let me know in the comments.
And be sure to follow along on Instagram (I'm @kellygolightly) for trip updates!
Hi Kelly – I am looking forward to welcoming you to Eau Palm Beach….and can't wait to show you our special place in paradise…..shopping on Worth Avenue….Antique Shopping in W. Palm Beach….and much more.
Kelly, Worth Avenue boutiques have changed but the buildings haven't. There's a wonderful portrait of John F. Kennedy toting a Tiffany's bag on Worth Avenue. Right off of Worth is Leta Austin Foster's amazing home decor and lifestyle store at 64 Via Mizner, and be careful not to fall down the rabbit's hole.