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series: The Adventure and Victory of Faith
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CITIES OF THE LEVITES
by Doug Goins
This is a season of change at PBC. We have some exciting new opportunities at hand that are the culmination of a two-year process for the board of elders and the pastoral staff. We studied our doctrinal statement together for almost a year, and then we began to talk about its implications for PBC in terms of our unique identity and priorities. The culmination of all that was the writing of a vision statement that identifies three priorities that we are recommitting ourselves to:
"As a local church, operating under the direction of Jesus as Lord and Head, Peninsula Bible Church is called to serve God in three ways:
·	to serve Him directly in worship;
·	to serve His redeemed people in nurture;
·	to serve His lost world in witness."
The vision statement briefly amplifies those three priorities as follows: We desire to be a worshipping church, "gathering corporately in adoring veneration of God as a response of love and living our individual lives in obedient service to our Lord as living sacrifices." We desire to be a nurturing church, "training and equipping believers for growth in spiritual maturity." We desire to be a witnessing church, "creatively reaching out collectively and individually to a lost world with the evangel (good news, gospel) of salvation in Jesus Christ."
As pastors and elders of PBC, we've been praying together, asking God to bring us into a healthier balance of worship, nurture, and witness. Last week as I was studying to preach on Joshua 21, I discovered that God sovereignly set aside forty-eight cities for the tribe of Levi and scattered them throughout the nation. They too were called to be communities first of worship, then of nurture, then of witness.
We've heard before in these studies that God did not intend for the tribe of Levi to have their own territorial allotment. He scattered them through the nation in all these different cities. Now we've come to the final act of settlement of all the tribes. The Levites came to Shiloh, the center of worship and administration in the nation, and made their request. The request was based on the word of God previously revealed in the Pentateuch through Moses. Look at Joshua 21:1-3, where the Levites claimed their rightful place in the land:
Then the heads of the fathers' houses of the Levites came to Elea'zar the priest and to Joshua the son of Nun and to the heads of the fathers' houses of the tribes of the people of Israel; and they said to them at Shiloh in the land of Canaan, "The Lord commanded through Moses that we be given cities to dwell in, along with their pasture lands for our cattle." So by command of the Lord the people of Israel gave to the Levites the following cities and pasture lands out of their inheritance.
Called to worship
Let's review a bit of the history of the tribe of Levi and their place in the nation. All throughout the forty years of the wilderness period of Israel's history, the tribe of Levi primarily served the worship life of the nation. They always camped the closest to the tabernacle, literally surrounding the tabernacle as it moved through the wilderness. It was important for the Israelites to have qualified, authorized people to minister in the tabernacle. The Levites had responsibility for transporting the ark of the covenant from place to place. Remember, as we studied the crossing of the Jordan River in chapters 3 and 4, it was the Levites who stood all day in the bed of the Jordan River and held the ark of the covenant high. The Levites were in charge of maintaining the tabernacle itself with all its cords and curtains and coverings. They had responsibility for all of the sacred furniture of the tabernacle, all the vessels for worship and sacrifice, and all the poles and boards and bars that held the tent up.
But now the tabernacle wasn't moving anymore; it was going to be settled in Shiloh, a central location. Eventually the tabernacle would end up in Jerusalem, the capital of the united monarchy. But the worship leadership of the Levites would continue on, first in Shiloh and later in Jerusalem. They would serve in the temple, that place of unified corporate worship in the life of the nation. They would assist in all of the great annual feasts and festivals, the high holy days for the nation. They would lead musical worship in great choirs and orchestras, and become composers of psalms and hymns of praise for the nation. They would be part of the sacrificial system as the problem with sin was dealt with in the life of the nation.
But the text in Joshua 21 tells us that they were supposed to live scattered all through the nation. God didn't want the Levites concentrated around Shiloh, or eventually around Jerusalem. God ordained this so that they could model worship as a lifestyle and teach it as they traveled back and forth between their home towns and the temple. In addition to their singing alleluias and amens, their very lives were to become sacred alleluias as they traveled throughout the nation in this responsibility of worship leadership.
Verses 4-8 broadly summarize the dispersion of the Levites to the forty-eight cities that were sovereignly determined by the Lord through the lot. In verses 4 and 5 the sons of Kohath were given twenty-three cities from six different tribes. In verse 6 the sons of Gershon received thirteen cities from four of the tribes. In verse 7 the sons of Merari were given twelve cities from three different tribal territories. Verse 8 concludes:
These cities and their pasture lands the people of Israel gave by lot to the Levites, as the Lord had commanded through Moses.
Levi was one of the twelve sons of Jacob. The tribe descended from him consisted of three main branches, which were the three sons of Levi: Kohath, Gershon, and Merari. The Kohathites were the most distinguished and had the most cities assigned to them, because Moses and Aaron were sons of Kohath; thus the Aaronic priesthood came from this branch of the Levites.
The Levites were spiritual leaders of the nation as a whole, and their character was trans-tribal; that is, they weren't bound by any particular tribal grouping or boundary. We were told in 18:7 that instead of being given land by Joshua, "The Levites have no [physical] portion among you, for the priesthood of the Lord is their heritage...." It made clear that the Levites didn't even own the forty-eight Levitical cities or the grazing land around the cities. They probably lived in those cities side-by-side with the members of the tribes that owned the respective territories.
Called to nurture
The second ministry of the Levites in the land was that of nurture, or the teaching of the Law. They were to influence each tribe to be faithful to the Lord. Moses himself had prophesied of this ministry of the tribe of Levi on the plains of Moab before they entered the land (Deuteronomy 33:9b-10a):
"For they observed thy word,
and kept thy covenant.
They shall teach Jacob thy ordinances,
and Israel thy law...."
So in fulfillment of that promise of God that Levi would have this nurturing ministry in the nation, the Levites became the teachers, theologians, storytellers, counselors, and inspired preachers in that new society in the land. They were responsible for integrating into a coherent body the history of God's work among his people. These forty-eight Levitical cities became centers of teaching about God's covenant relationship with his people and what a covenant lifestyle was all about. They were places where people like Rahab and her family, converts who needed understanding of the Israelite faith, could come to be initiated into the important truths of what it meant to be a people in relationship with God.
This Levite ministry of spiritual nurture continued to the period of the monarchy. Second Chronicles 17, written hundreds of years later during the reign of Jehoshaphat, described a teaching team King Jehoshaphat sent from Jerusalem throughout Judah. The team was made up of five of his own princes, two priests, and nine Levites. This is what it says about the team (verse 9): "And they taught in Judah, having the book of the law of the Lord with them; they went about through all the cities of Judah and taught among the people." The common people didn't have copies of the Scriptures available to them, so it was important that the Levites be able to explain the sacred Scriptures to the people and identify with them. These Levitical cities scattered throughout the nation were located such that nobody would ever be too far away from a place where they could have the Scriptures explained to them.
Called to witness and offer refuge
I made a wonderful discovery last week in studying verses 9-42: These Levitical cities were also supposed to be cities of witness or outreach. These verses are a broad survey of each city. In verses 9-26 the twenty-three cities of Kohath are summarized. In verses 27-33 the thirteen cities of Gershon are summarized. In verses 34-40 the final twelve cities of Merari are summarized. Verse 41 concludes:
The cities of the Levites in the midst of the possession of the people of Israel were in all forty-eight cities with their pasture lands. These cities had each its pasture lands round about it; so it was with all these cities.
Those forty-eight cities are listed in very careful detail. If you look at a map of Canaan and note the location of each of the forty-eight cities, you see that even though they were selected from every tribe, they were not evenly distributed throughout the land. Those forty-eight cities formed an oval around the center of the nation. Remember that under Joshua the Israelites had pacified the central section north to south, but there were frontier lands remaining that completely surrounded the nation. These lands were inhabited by the Philistines on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Sidonians in the north by Tyre and Sidon (now Lebanon), and the Amalakites and the Midianites in the desert. It jumped off the page at me as I looked at the map of these cities: God chose not to cluster the cities of the Levites in the center where it was safe and secure, but he scattered them out on the frontiers. The geography suggested to me that those cities were to stand as a clear substitute for the pagan Canaanite high places of worship and the shrines, altars, and idolatrous paraphernalia that were present in the land at the time of the conquest. The Levites were to be a "saturation presence" in the land in place of pagan worship. Their cities were to be cities of witness, constantly reminding the unbelieving nations all around Israel about the God who had saved that nation out of bondage in Egypt, sustained them in the wilderness, brought them into the land, and led them in the conquest of the land he gave them.
Another observation I made reading this list of the forty-eight cities is that the six cities of refuge (see the last message, Discovery Paper 4471) are listed here among the cities of the Levites. Part of the Levitical ministry was to guarantee safety and due process of law to those who fled to these cities for refuge. There's a wonderful irony that struck me in this-initially both the cities of witness and the cities of refuge were in parts of the nation that were not yet safe and secure.
The priorities of our local church
The Levitical cities were to be places of worship, nurture, witness, and safety. Can you see the clear parallels between these cities and what we're supposed to be as the local church that God has placed in our community? First, we are to be a place of corporate worship. Hebrews 10:25 challenges us not to neglect the assembling of ourselves together, because something unique happens when we all gather together as people of God, expressing music of praise and worship, praying together, being challenged through the Scriptures and through the table of the Lord. The Scriptures and the table help us realize more of our identity in Christ. We are tremendously privileged to be part of an extended family of God gathered in worship. And the Scriptures teach that our corporate worship is to overflow so that our individual lives express worship and praise of God. Wherever we go in our communities, our lives become alleluias to the Lord. We have a lifestyle of worship, of thankfulness and delight in who the Lord is, that is attractive and intriguing to people.
Second, we're to be a place of spiritual nurture, of Biblical teaching, training of new believers, counseling, discipleship, leadership development, equipping for ministry. The leaders of this church are committed to these things. This is the expansion of our commitment in the vision statement: "The goal of nurture is found in God Himself: To know the Lord, to be like the Lord, to do the Lord's will. We are committed to knowing the Lord through the Spirit and through the work of Christ. We are committed to becoming like the Lord. We are committed to doing the Lord's will. Life-related Biblical instruction will underlie all our efforts to bring believers to spiritual maturity. We will communicate 'the whole counsel of God' methodically & expositionally-teaching the great liberating principles of Scripture in every creative way possible."
This must happen in the context of relationships within the community of faith, whether in one-on-one mentoring, small intimate groups, or a more formal classroom setting. We can't go it alone in life. We need the spiritual nurture of instruction, counsel, and mutual support in the body of Christ.
Third, we are to be a place of witness to people in our community who don't yet know Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior. Again, the new vision statement represents a strengthened resolve to be an evangelistic church: "Our evangelism is not an option, but is driven by a clear mandate of our Lord Jesus. We enjoy an uninhibited spiritual optimism in the power of God at work in the gospel. Our evangelism is done in the confidence that we are 'Christ's ambassadors-ministers of reconciliation.' We desire to compassionately serve unbelievers in physical and material ways, whether they are in the process of being saved or have rejected the gospel. We are committed to helping the body at PBC live out a lifestyle of witness." Like the Levites, we individually are to be a saturation presence in our communities.
But like the frontier location of the Levitical cities, this kind of lifestyle is going to place us uncomfortably close to those who don't yet have a relationship with Christ. It can feel better to do evangelism from a distance-leafleting, pamphleting, using phone mail, and so forth-because when we get close to people who don't know Christ yet, we can get hurt. Further, if we get close to people in our communities, they're going to see us for who we are; they'll either see the credibility of our witness because of our Christ-likeness or holy living, or they'll see the hypocrisy that we're comfortable with. It's risky and complicated to get close to people in evangelism.
I got a note from Judy Squier last week responding to our previous study on the cities of refuge. In that study we surveyed the necessity that fugitives who were on the run in Israel enter the doors of the cities of refuge so they could find asylum from the avenger of blood. We drew a parallel with the necessity that we run to Jesus Christ for salvation from the consequence of our guilt and sinful rebellion. Even Jesus himself said that we need to enter a gate that is very narrow. In her note, Judy quoted Sam Shoemaker, an Episcopalian minister from New York City back in the fifties and early sixties. He was involved in the early stages of Alcoholics Anonymous. He was also one of the original founders of the Faith at Work movement. But above all, Sam Shoemaker was an evangelist. Listen to his observation about the presence that he desired to have and that we are called to have:
I stand by the door. I neither go too far in, nor stay too far out. The door is the most important door in the world-it's the door through which men walk when they find God. There's no use my going way inside and staying there, when so many are still outside and they, as much I, crave to know where the door is. And all that so many ever find is only the wall where a door ought to be. They creep along the wall like blind men, with outstretched, groping hands, feeling for a door, knowing there must be a door...Yet they never find it...So I stand by the door.
That's the heart of Levitical witness-a godly desire to help people find their way into a city of salvation.
Fourth, we are to be a place of safety and security. There are many people today, both Christian and non-Christian, who do not see the local church as a place of refuge. They don't see PBC as a place where they can be understood and accepted, where they can be at home. At a congregational meeting we had last week, Ted Wise asked us a very pointed question: Are we still a place of hospitality and openheartedness to all different kinds of people, or are we becoming a place that is more focused on religious externals? Or, thinking in terms of the Levitical cities, are we moving away from the frontier of faith, where all kinds of Canaanite influences swirl around us, back to the safety of the religious center, to Jerusalem and Shiloh?
We live in a frightening world, and being a Levitical city of refuge means functioning in unsecured territory as a place of stability, acceptance, truth, and patient support for Canaanites who are in the long, slow process of being transferred from the kingdom of darkness into the kingdom of God's dear Son. The Swiss psychiatrist Paul Tournier wrote a remarkable book, A Place for You. In it he underlines the importance of the church as a place of safety, and he speaks on behalf of those who are looking to us to provide a place where they can work through deep spiritual issues. He writes:
The ideal support, then, is a presence; a vigilant, unshakable, indefectible presence, but one that is discreet, gentle, silent and respectful. We want help in our struggles, but do not want our personal responsibility to be taken away from us. A look, a smile, an intense emotion-these are things that can help us to win our victories over ourselves.
Although the church isn't always like this, this describes what it ought to be. What better place than here for people to find safety?
Our behavior ought to reflect the heart of Paul in his encouragement in Colossians 3:12-17. Think about the call to worship, nurture, witness, and provide safety as you listen to this:
"And so, as those who have been chosen of God, holy and beloved, put on a heart of compassion, kindness, humility, gentleness and patience; bearing with one another, and forgiving each other, whoever has a complaint against any one; just as the Lord forgave you, so also should you. And beyond all these things put on love, which is the perfect bond of unity. And let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts, to which indeed you were called in one body; and be thankful. Let the word of Christ richly dwell within you, with all wisdom teaching and admonishing one another with psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing with thankfulness in your hearts to God. And whatever you do in word or deed, do all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks through Him to God the Father."
That's who we're called to be, individually and collectively.
Our passage in Joshua 21 ends with three affirmations of faith in verses 43-45. These verses are the conclusion of the long section on the settlement of the land, chapters 13-21. But these closing verses can also be applied to our own calling to be the church of Jesus Christ here and now. The same resources that were available to Moses, Joshua, all the tribes of Israel, and the Levites themselves are available to us. We at PBC can be a city of refuge, a city of the Levites. And we ought to read these verses against the backdrop of God's amazing grace, because this closing section is really a grateful recognition of God's grace, his faithfulness, his consistent follow-through.
Thus the Lord gave to Israel all the land which he swore to give to their fathers; and having taken possession of it, they settled there. And the Lord gave them rest on every side just as he had sworn to their fathers; not one of all their enemies had withstood them, for the Lord had given all their enemies into their hands. Not one of all the good promises which the Lord had made to the house of Israel had failed; all came to pass.
The first great affirmation of faith in verse 43 is that God was faithful. He gave Israel the land. He kept the covenant. He consistently adhered to the relationship he had established with Moses and with the fathers.
The second affirmation of faith in verse 44 is that God gave Israel victory over all their enemies, and then gave them rest from warfare. What the ten spies forty years earlier hadn't believed at all did come true. God gave them what he promised, because Joshua and the people believed him and obeyed his word.
The third affirmation of faith in verse 45 is that God keeps his promises. At the close of his life, Joshua affirms that in Joshua 23:14: "And now I am about to go the way of all the earth, and you know in your hearts and souls, all of you, that not one thing has failed of all the good things which the Lord your God promised concerning you; all have come to pass for you, not one of them has failed."
As people of God today, we can claim these same assurances by faith. God's covenant relationship with us will not be violated or canceled. God's power and wisdom are just as available to us to give us victory over whatever foe we face. And finally, God's promises can be trusted no matter what the circumstances may be. The covenant of God, the power of God, and the promise of God are the spiritual resources we can depend on as we claim our inheritance in Jesus Christ.
We at PBC are determined to grow more and more into a church that reflects the heart of God: a worshipping church, a nurturing church, a witnessing church. Do you want to come along?
JOSHUA-THE ADVENTURE AND VICTORY OF FAITH
Catalog No. 4472
Joshua 21:1-45
Nineteenth Message
Doug Goins


text:
Rock fragments from mud volcanic deposits of the Gulf of Cadiz: An insight into the Eocene-Pliocene sedimentary succession of the basin
D. O. Ovsyannikov, A. Yu Sadekov, E. V. Kozlova
Two hundred clasts from the mud breccia extruded by the Yuma mud volcano in the Gulf of Cadiz are used to establish an offshore stratigraphy. The clasts are a very complex mixture of material from the sedimentary successions through which the mud volcano erupted and provide important information about the composition and genesis of deep-seated strata. We deal with fragments of rocks that were deposited millions of years ago, subsequently buried and later erupted on to the seafloor. Rock fragments from the mud breccia, studied in thin section under a polarizing microscope, provide genetic indications suggestive of deep-sea conditions during the accumulation of strata. A reconstruction of the sedimentary succession through which the Yuma mud volcano erupted and the depositional evolution of the Gulf of Cadiz was made on the basis of lithology and age determinations of the rock. Age and depositional environment documented by the clasts indicate that a marine basin existed in the Gulf of Cadiz area at least from the Eocene, and that in the Early and Middle Eocene a deep-sea fan depositional environment prevailed in the region, resulting in the accumulation of thick turbidites. The Late Eocene and Oligocene are not represented among rock fragments from the mud breccia, suggesting regional uplift and non-deposition in the area. Sedimentation was re-established in the Miocene with the accumulation of a clayey Aquitanian-Burdigalian succession. Pelagic carbonate sedimentation became predominant in the Langhian time. The Serravallian-Early Tortonian is characterized by a high supply of terrigenous material, resulting in the deposition of turbiditic clays and sands. Shallow water sedimentation with accumulation of carbonate rocks prevailed in the basin during the Middle Tortonian.
Published - 30 Mar 2003
clast
Tortonian
Serravallian
Burdigalian
submarine fan
age determination
Ovsyannikov, D. O., Sadekov, A. Y., & Kozlova, E. V. (2003). Rock fragments from mud volcanic deposits of the Gulf of Cadiz: An insight into the Eocene-Pliocene sedimentary succession of the basin. Marine Geology, 195(1-4), 211-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00689-8
Ovsyannikov, D. O. ; Sadekov, A. Yu ; Kozlova, E. V. / Rock fragments from mud volcanic deposits of the Gulf of Cadiz : An insight into the Eocene-Pliocene sedimentary succession of the basin. In: Marine Geology. 2003 ; Vol. 195, No. 1-4. pp. 211-221.
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title = "Rock fragments from mud volcanic deposits of the Gulf of Cadiz: An insight into the Eocene-Pliocene sedimentary succession of the basin",
abstract = "Two hundred clasts from the mud breccia extruded by the Yuma mud volcano in the Gulf of Cadiz are used to establish an offshore stratigraphy. The clasts are a very complex mixture of material from the sedimentary successions through which the mud volcano erupted and provide important information about the composition and genesis of deep-seated strata. We deal with fragments of rocks that were deposited millions of years ago, subsequently buried and later erupted on to the seafloor. Rock fragments from the mud breccia, studied in thin section under a polarizing microscope, provide genetic indications suggestive of deep-sea conditions during the accumulation of strata. A reconstruction of the sedimentary succession through which the Yuma mud volcano erupted and the depositional evolution of the Gulf of Cadiz was made on the basis of lithology and age determinations of the rock. Age and depositional environment documented by the clasts indicate that a marine basin existed in the Gulf of Cadiz area at least from the Eocene, and that in the Early and Middle Eocene a deep-sea fan depositional environment prevailed in the region, resulting in the accumulation of thick turbidites. The Late Eocene and Oligocene are not represented among rock fragments from the mud breccia, suggesting regional uplift and non-deposition in the area. Sedimentation was re-established in the Miocene with the accumulation of a clayey Aquitanian-Burdigalian succession. Pelagic carbonate sedimentation became predominant in the Langhian time. The Serravallian-Early Tortonian is characterized by a high supply of terrigenous material, resulting in the deposition of turbiditic clays and sands. Shallow water sedimentation with accumulation of carbonate rocks prevailed in the basin during the Middle Tortonian.",
keywords = "Cenozoic mud volcanism, Depositional environment, Depositional processes, Foraminifera, Gulf of Cadiz",
author = "Ovsyannikov, {D. O.} and Sadekov, {A. Yu} and Kozlova, {E. V.}",
journal = "Marine Geology",
Ovsyannikov, DO, Sadekov, AY & Kozlova, EV 2003, 'Rock fragments from mud volcanic deposits of the Gulf of Cadiz: An insight into the Eocene-Pliocene sedimentary succession of the basin' Marine Geology, vol. 195, no. 1-4, pp. 211-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00689-8
Rock fragments from mud volcanic deposits of the Gulf of Cadiz : An insight into the Eocene-Pliocene sedimentary succession of the basin. / Ovsyannikov, D. O.; Sadekov, A. Yu; Kozlova, E. V.
In: Marine Geology, Vol. 195, No. 1-4, 30.03.2003, p. 211-221.
T1 - Rock fragments from mud volcanic deposits of the Gulf of Cadiz
T2 - An insight into the Eocene-Pliocene sedimentary succession of the basin
AU - Ovsyannikov, D. O.
AU - Sadekov, A. Yu
AU - Kozlova, E. V.
N2 - Two hundred clasts from the mud breccia extruded by the Yuma mud volcano in the Gulf of Cadiz are used to establish an offshore stratigraphy. The clasts are a very complex mixture of material from the sedimentary successions through which the mud volcano erupted and provide important information about the composition and genesis of deep-seated strata. We deal with fragments of rocks that were deposited millions of years ago, subsequently buried and later erupted on to the seafloor. Rock fragments from the mud breccia, studied in thin section under a polarizing microscope, provide genetic indications suggestive of deep-sea conditions during the accumulation of strata. A reconstruction of the sedimentary succession through which the Yuma mud volcano erupted and the depositional evolution of the Gulf of Cadiz was made on the basis of lithology and age determinations of the rock. Age and depositional environment documented by the clasts indicate that a marine basin existed in the Gulf of Cadiz area at least from the Eocene, and that in the Early and Middle Eocene a deep-sea fan depositional environment prevailed in the region, resulting in the accumulation of thick turbidites. The Late Eocene and Oligocene are not represented among rock fragments from the mud breccia, suggesting regional uplift and non-deposition in the area. Sedimentation was re-established in the Miocene with the accumulation of a clayey Aquitanian-Burdigalian succession. Pelagic carbonate sedimentation became predominant in the Langhian time. The Serravallian-Early Tortonian is characterized by a high supply of terrigenous material, resulting in the deposition of turbiditic clays and sands. Shallow water sedimentation with accumulation of carbonate rocks prevailed in the basin during the Middle Tortonian.
AB - Two hundred clasts from the mud breccia extruded by the Yuma mud volcano in the Gulf of Cadiz are used to establish an offshore stratigraphy. The clasts are a very complex mixture of material from the sedimentary successions through which the mud volcano erupted and provide important information about the composition and genesis of deep-seated strata. We deal with fragments of rocks that were deposited millions of years ago, subsequently buried and later erupted on to the seafloor. Rock fragments from the mud breccia, studied in thin section under a polarizing microscope, provide genetic indications suggestive of deep-sea conditions during the accumulation of strata. A reconstruction of the sedimentary succession through which the Yuma mud volcano erupted and the depositional evolution of the Gulf of Cadiz was made on the basis of lithology and age determinations of the rock. Age and depositional environment documented by the clasts indicate that a marine basin existed in the Gulf of Cadiz area at least from the Eocene, and that in the Early and Middle Eocene a deep-sea fan depositional environment prevailed in the region, resulting in the accumulation of thick turbidites. The Late Eocene and Oligocene are not represented among rock fragments from the mud breccia, suggesting regional uplift and non-deposition in the area. Sedimentation was re-established in the Miocene with the accumulation of a clayey Aquitanian-Burdigalian succession. Pelagic carbonate sedimentation became predominant in the Langhian time. The Serravallian-Early Tortonian is characterized by a high supply of terrigenous material, resulting in the deposition of turbiditic clays and sands. Shallow water sedimentation with accumulation of carbonate rocks prevailed in the basin during the Middle Tortonian.
KW - Cenozoic mud volcanism
KW - Depositional environment
KW - Depositional processes
KW - Foraminifera
KW - Gulf of Cadiz
JO - Marine Geology
JF - Marine Geology
Ovsyannikov DO, Sadekov AY, Kozlova EV. Rock fragments from mud volcanic deposits of the Gulf of Cadiz: An insight into the Eocene-Pliocene sedimentary succession of the basin. Marine Geology. 2003 Mar 30;195(1-4):211-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00689-8

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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A 10-minute walk from Nana BTS Skytrain Station, Le Fenix Sukhumvit 11 Bangkok offers value-for-money accommodation in lively Sukhumvit, near popular entertainment and shopping spots. Free WiFi access is available throughout the property. Rooms at Le Fenix Sukhumvit 11 feature a minimalist design and come decorated with modern art pieces. They boast unique L-shaped windows that offer views of the city. The stylish rooms are well-equipped with ample workspace and makeup mirrors. There is a fitness centre for those who wish to work out. Le Fenix provides 3 trendy restaurants and bars for guests to choose from. They can enjoy an international buffet spread at L3 Eatery, wine and breathtaking city views at Flow, or lounge at Nest, the city's popular rooftop lounge bar.
One of the best hotels I have ever stayed .the hotel is location is at the heart of the sukhmvit where all the night life comes alive. Also really lived the hotel the staff were very friendly comfortable rooms and good food . also the nest on the 8th floor awesome and really worth the money. Would love to stay there next time. The staff were pleasant and helpful. I asked for a room which was close to were we booked in and I was allocated a room no more than 10 metres away. The room was very clean and tidy with a nice big tv and plenty of channels to choose from. For Bangkok we thought this was value for money at 1800 Baht per night.
all reviews » this place is cool, near good clubs and restaurants and close to nana BTS. Visitor friendly and staff are suberb. I had a great time here. I came for 3 days and extended my stay for a week. Q bar is across the road. Also walking distance to clubs like Super bed, climax and grave. great location....swimming pool...boutique design albeit in need of some repair/cleaning...quiet location especially for Bangkok...good shower...easy access to/from the Sky Train...big, functional rooms with plenty of space...great value!. Small rooms but good and comfort. Near to bts nanna station. Good value for money, funny and supportive staff, really friendly. Little walk till main Sukhumvit street where u find everything available.good breakfast.i may return again. The hotel location is very good, you can find everything around you. الفندق موقعه جيد و بعيد ع منطقة العرب. كوني رغبت ان اكون بعيده عن منطقة العرب. الفندق نظيف و الموظفين ودودين جدا. والفندق ليس بعيدا ع المراكز التجارية. The hotel, room, services were exactly like they were portrayed. A clean perfectly located hotel for all looking to get onto their wild side. I am definitely gonna be there only next i come to Bangkok. The hotel was in good location to shops restaurants and nightlife.The breakfast was very good.They also have a small pool which is nice too cool down in .there is also good Internet and its free. the location is great. Q-BAR is directly opposite of hotel. the next bar in top floor was so great. bathroom was so clean and with hot water. I recommended this hotel to young and solo travels. Nice size room , very clean , modern , comfy bed , good value. Also complimentary tuktuk to nana bts which is nice. Very close to bars , restaurants etc. Extensive mini bar well stocked. We are 3 friends together booked the twin room. Finally, the hotel added an extra bed for us with no extra fee!!! That's so amazing! The staffs here are nice and good in English. There a little details that can me commented, but a general it is a nice place to spend sometime in Bangkok. Great if you will need to stay in the modern part of the city. The staff of the hotel understood our problem and gave us the room before check inn time,as we arrived early morning. Awesome club-Nest-Can play better trans music. I had one room on 7th Floor, and one room on second floor. Both of them were spacious, well air conditioned with big shower room. 7th Floor was much better. Great Location!! Good food and Drink. Getting a little tired and could do with a good deep clean and fresh paint, but even so grate value for money!!. Very friendly Staff. Good Breakfast. Very good Position when you want stay in middle of Bangkok. Near to Skytrain and many Bars or others. The location was great...if you like nightlife! Earth (nickname of fellow at front desk) and all staff were very helpful and attentive. Good location if you want to stay in Sukhumvit area. Very good value for the money we have paid. Has a lovely rooftop bar as well. Bed was very comfortable / Location was very central for my requirements / Front desk staff were very obliging and helpful /. Location is ideal! The breakfast was great, international and Thai to choose from and the rooftop bar it's quite nice!. Well-located, free shuttle service to skytrain station (10 min walk), great breakfast spread, helpful staff. Nice (ok, busy) neighbourhood with many restaurants. Close to public transport (NANA station). Staff were good and helpful. The ambience of the hotel was good and comforting. Very comfortable rooms and very friendly staff. We will be back!!. Quite, clean, very friendly and helpfull staff, perfect location. This is my 3rd stay at Le Fenix. One word sums it up "PERFECT". Great staff great location excellent value will stay again. Clean room Friendly staff Close to the nightlife. for a close place; we can use the tuk tuk also. It is clean nd stylish with a modern theme style. Value for money. Location is excellent. Good location. Good hotel for the price!. In general, it was a good stay. Design, location and price. Quite clean compared to other past stayed hotel. Service is up to standard too. good location reasonable breakfast gym friendley staff. Free luggage storage for when I went on four day tour. Good location, Good night club,Friendly staff. Easy access to lotsa places. Overall we had a nice stay. The room , bath room nice. Proximity to Bumrungrad. Location Courteous Staff. location. the rooftop bar and the buffet are nice . Receptionists and staffs are friendly, polite and helpful. nice location to BTS, umum, bed sheet clean. very clean environment and laudry service is very quick and good. For the price it was as expected. Regular hotel, clean. nice people, good location, design. Only5mins walk to bts nana station. None. One gripe was that there was not really a window in our room. Only a small window that opened a bit, the rest was a wall hidden behind a curtain. I don't know if this was the case for all the rooms?. They should get rid of the annoyong taxi drivers in front of entrance They are always overpriced, refuse to use metres and i never used them. I dont kow why those retards stick around there. Free tuk tuk is never operational. showed a lot of wear and tear...in need of fresh painting...beds could have been a bit more comfortable...breakfast buffet was average/mediocre. Its smallet rooms than other hotels. But better value for money and clean.higher than 3 stars. ear condition of my room was so noisy.. most of TV channels were in thai languages and this is big mistake for an international hotel . The bathroom door is too transparent. The design of bathroom made the floor keep all day wet easily. The pool is tiny and cold. L shaped windows are a little small. Wifi was extremely bad. Some things must be rebuild. The water pressure and temperature fluctuated wildly to the point that I kept my showers to one minute! I was told toward the end by the front desk that this could have been fixed somehow had I called down to complain, but I was checking out when I heard this. The mini-bar prices were so outrageous that I went to 7-eleven a half-hour after checking in just to ensure that I didn't accidentally resort to the mini-bar in a moment of mitigated faculties after a night of partying. There wasn't any kind of cheese in the breakfast. The free shuttle servise to the sky train station was not working at the time we were there. The floor in my room was in need of a good clean as there appeared to be several stains (nail varnish etc) that could have been cleaned more thoroughly /. I stayed here 7 years ago when it first open and last week and it's fair to say that they haven't done anything to it since 7 years ago. You can tell that I WAS a very fashionable small hotel but now needs a bit on an update. It's not bad at all but is exactly what your getting for your money. Cheap but ok I guess. Rooms and hallways were dingy and dirty and not like the photos on the website..paid less for better in BKK. To the backyard "new" construction site / to the other site "louder" disco music all night long... The shower facilities and the weak wifi signal were not good. Nothing. Nothing much. Nothing bad to say. They charged us 3000 baht for a ciggarette burn in the bed sheets. Area not suitable for travellers with children. Needs a bit of maintenance. The usual wear and tear has started to show and the hotel looks old for that. The house keeping staff were demanding, knocking the door while the guest sleeping. Swimming pool was not available; high charge for mini bar items; construction next door. Internet so slow that become useless. Fitness center equipement very old and unusable (bicycle). Buffet breakfast has not much variety, but having said that it is tasty. Showers go hot and cold as they have for the last 5 years.Carpets not clean.bathroom has lettle bench space. Windows in rooms, price of minibar and room service. the decoration looked a bit old. The room toilets is not ergonomics. Room need to be refresh. A bit of painting on the wall. Bathroom could be more cleaner. Found somebody toothpick in between our twin bed. AC to noisy like a airplaine,culdnt sleep. Hard bed. My room was the closest to kitchen and I found the smell of asian cooking seeping in to my room very unpleasant. Property can do with some uplift. place is a bit tired. Facilities of hotel are a bit old , is time to renovation .the room toilet is dilapidated, the shower area no door and shower curtains,only small size of glass for block the water when showering .... toilet getting slippery !! water temputure is unstable...many rifts in the room and toilet in dark color... many TV channel but all not popular =_= there have wifi but can't access in the room. air conditioner is too noisy, internet wifi is very poor and speed is too slow. The first room they gave us was just behind the kichen on the 3rd floor, which was extremelly noisy. The other room on the 5th floor flooded with rain water. 7th floor chloride smell very bad....ac was terrible no good air at all in the room. Room is not clean and got weird smell!.
When are you thinking about staying at Le Fenix Sukhumvit 11 Bangkok?
How do I book at Le Fenix Sukhumvit 11 Bangkok?
Making your reservation at Le Fenix Sukhumvit 11 Bangkok is easy and secure with best rates guaranteed. Fill out your preferred dates of stay above and click the 'check availability' button. Then select the number of room/s you'd like to book and click the 'book now' button. Subsequently a reservation form appears where you will be asked to insert your details to confirm your booking. We will then send you an instant confirmation message by email which you need to show during check-in.
The Superior comes with extra amenities such as DVD player, iPod docking station, bathrobes and slippers.
Offering view the city through a unique L-shaped window, room comes with a flat-screen TV, free 2 hr of internet access and a work desk.
The Superior comes with extra amenities like DVD player, a hairdryer and an iPod docking station.
Please note that guests booking 5-9 rooms will be charged a 10% deposit at the time of booking. Guests booking 10 rooms or more will be charged a 20% deposit at the time of booking. This payment is non-refundable and non-transferable. A security deposit of THB 1000 (per room per night) is required upon arrival for incidentals. This deposit is fully refundable upon check-out and subject to a damage inspection of the accommodation.
10 % service charge per room per night is included.
Wi-fi is available in the entire hotel and costs THB 50 per hour.
"Bot of these also have large supermarkets & great food halls for a budget dining with outstanding variety of choices"
" Bed and furniture good"
" + nice lobby & very cool entertainment zone & to-go snack bar + hotel includes one of the best city clubs + location in S..."
" I had a great time"
" Near from seven eleven, staffs are good and responsive (but maybe because it is service appartment the staff not staying at front..."
" "Thank you" to the friendly and patient Staff who make our stay a pleasent one"
" Everyone is very friendly,helpful"


Deluxe Non Skid Anti Slip Slipper Cotton Crew Dress Socks with Grips for Baby Toddlers Kids Boys (9-18 Months, 12 designs/RB-71112) by Deluxe at Mas Fashion. MPN: 43224-21498. Hurry! Limited time offer. Offer valid only while supplies last.
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At the very end of the day, all that truly matters is my relationship with God, the moments & love from my family. Thank you, Jesus for this moment and moments like this during this season. I don't take any of it for granted. Encouraging you all to enjoy & cherish every God given moment ! Happy Thanksgiving to you and yours from the Gibson's !


KEEPING HUMIDITIES CRITICALLY LOWER ACROSS NORTHWEST LOWER MICHIGAN.
EXPECTED. THE GRADIENT SLACKENS BY LATE SATURDAY AND SATURDAY NIGHT.
RAIN AND PATCHY DRIZZLE UNTIL 1200.
MAX TEMPERATURE.....48-53...EXCEPT 41-46 NEAR THE COAST.
24 HR TREND......51 PERCENT DRIER.
TRANSPORT WINDS.....NORTHEAST AROUND 21 MPH.
24 HR TREND......1 DEGREE COOLER.
24 HR TREND......23 PERCENT DRIER.
TRANSPORT WINDS.....NORTHEAST AROUND 18 MPH.
MAX TEMPERATURE.....58-63...EXCEPT AROUND 51 NEAR THE COAST.
24 HR TREND......16 PERCENT DRIER.
TRANSPORT WINDS.....NORTHEAST 21 TO 24 MPH.
MAX TEMPERATURE.....46-51...EXCEPT 38-43 NEAR THE COAST.
TRANSPORT WINDS.....NORTHEAST 24 TO 27 MPH.
PCPN AMOUNT.........NONE TO 0.04 IN.
24 HR TREND......21 PERCENT DRIER.
MAX TEMPERATURE.....54-59...EXCEPT 39-44 NEAR THE COAST.
GUSTS UP TO 28 MPH.
TRANSPORT WINDS.....NORTHEAST AROUND 27 MPH.
PCPN AMOUNT.........NONE TO 0.14 IN.
MAX TEMPERATURE.....49-54...EXCEPT 39-44 NEAR THE COAST.
24 HR TREND......22 PERCENT DRIER.
TRANSPORT WINDS.....NORTHEAST 18 TO 21 MPH.
MAX TEMPERATURE.....57-62...EXCEPT 40-45 NEAR THE COAST.
24 HR TREND......53 PERCENT DRIER.
24 HR TREND......2 DEGREES COOLER.
MAX TEMPERATURE.....57-62...EXCEPT 47-52 NEAR THE COAST.
24 HR TREND......13 PERCENT DRIER.
GUSTS UP TO 24 MPH.
TRANSPORT WINDS.....NORTHEAST 21 TO 27 MPH.
1200. SLIGHT CHANCE OF RAIN.
24 HR TREND......9 DEGREES COOLER.
24 HR TREND......45 PERCENT DRIER.
24 HR TREND......19 PERCENT DRIER.
PCPN AMOUNT.........NONE TO 0.08 IN.
40S. HIGHS AROUND 60. SOUTHEAST WINDS AROUND 5 MPH.
MID 50S. NORTH WINDS AROUND 5 MPH.
UPPER 50S. SOUTHWEST WINDS AROUND 5 MPH.


There are screenshots online that give details about the Threadripper 2990X. The processor has 32 cores, can work on 64 threads and seems to be able to reach speeds of 4GHz or higher on all cores.
Presumably, the Ryzen Threadripper 2990X is the top model of the new generation of Threadripper processors, of which AMD made a pre-announcement earlier this month. At that presentation AMD announced that there are Threadripper processors with 24 and 32 cores , without giving any further details.
The details about the Threadripper 2990X processors are available online at the Chinese website Hkepc. It is a screenshot of CPU-Z and a photo of a list of results in Cinebench. The processor has a tdp of 250 watts, and is equipped with L1, L2 and L3 caches of 3, 16 and 64MB.
The Cinebench results show that the processor scores twice as high as the 1950X , the top model of the first generation of Threadripper processors. The higher score is due to the doubling of the number of cores, but also the clock speed is slightly higher.
AMD has indicated that the second-generation Threadripper processors will be released in the third quarter of this year. They fit in the same TR4 socket as the current versions, but manufacturers come up with new motherboards with adapted power supply, presumably mainly to facilitate the overclocking of the models with 24 and 32 cores. A complete presentation of the new Threadripper processors will probably follow in August.


text:
Home Hoop Zone Girls Basketball Nonnewaug grad takes over Kennedy's top girls job
Katie Burke, interim head coach for the Kennedy High School girls basketball team, yells out instructions as they play during girls NVL Basketball Jamboree held Saturday at Holy Cross High School. Jim Shannon Republican-American
Nonnewaug grad takes over Kennedy's top girls job
By KEVIN ROBERTS
WATERBURY — Katie Burke has always been a competitor, but two herniated disks in her back put an end to her collegiate basketball career before it got moving at Eastern Connecticut.
A Nonnewaug High graduate, Burke was living at home in Woodbury at the time. Her high school soccer coach, Nick Sheikh, said he needed a junior varsity coach. Burke was bit by the coaching bug, which infected her with a love for teaching the game, whether on a soccer pitch or a basketball court.
For the past five seasons, she has been a basketball assistant at Nonnewaug, Shepaug and, most recently, Lewis Mills.
Burke is now a physical education teacher at Kennedy High and about to begin her first season as a head coach. Burke, 24, is the interim head coach of the Eagles' girls basketball squad.
Longtime coach Jenn Deeley, an assistant principal at Waterbury Arts Magnet School, stepped down Nov. 27.
"It's really fun," Burke said of her new position. "I've been coaching for five years prior to this as an assistant in the Berkshire League, and I knew I was ready and have been ready to be a head coach."
Burke said she suspects she'll soon be the official head coach.
"I'm acting that way because I put in for it, and to my knowledge, there's nobody else that's going to apply," Burke said.
Burke counts her basketball and soccer coaches at Nonnewaug — Adam Brutting and Nick Sheikh, respectively — as big influences.
"I'm still close with them today, and I'm around them a lot," Burke said. "I coached with Nick this past year in soccer, and I just love it. I've always loved sports and competition. This is my life."
Burke was a junior varsity girls basketball coach under Karen Puskas at Shepaug for the 2017-18 season and coached under Al Ciarlo last winter.
This past fall, Burke got a taste of being a head coach when she subbed for Sheikh when he missed an Oct. 4 road match at Housatonic.
Burke loves the group of girls she has at Kennedy.
"We don't have a super big bench. We don't have a lot of depth, but the kids that I have play with a lot of heart, so we'll see where that takes us this season," Burke said.
Burke said the team's focus is to play hard every time out and push the tempo when the Eagles can.
"My biggest thing for my kids is to just play hard-nosed defense," Burke said. "I think that we'll have a lot of transition opportunities if we focus on playing really hard defense. I know that my kids want to run. They like to run."
Burke said some things, like knowing when to slow the game down and when to speed it up, need to be worked on. Her first official game as head coach comes Monday when Kennedy hosts Kaynor Tech at 7 p.m.
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Listed below are the regular, main, local events in the Pacific Palms and Seal Rocks areas. For information on events and special activities in the surrounding areas please see our Facebook Events Calendar.
Held over the Easter Long Weekend, the Rock to Rock 1.5km Ocean Swim attracts over 300 competitors. Since its inception this event has continued to grow and has been a holiday favourite for visitors. In 2015 the Mini Rock event was introduced- a shorter 600m swim. This proved hugely successful and will remain a curtain raiser to the Rock to Rock. Many swimmers entered both the Rock To Rock and The Mini Rock! So come and join us on Sunday 21 April 2019!
The Pacific Palms Art Festival is an annual event showcasing Australian and local artists.


The binding of TATA-binding protein (TBP) to the TATA-box containing promoter region is aided by many other transcriptional factors including TFIIA and TFIIB. The mechanistic insight into the assembly of RNA polymerase II preinitation complex (PIC) has been gained by either directly altering a function of target protein or perturbing molecular interactions using drugs, RNAi, or aptamers. Aptamers have been found particularly useful for studying a role of a subset of PIC on transcription for their ability to inhibit specific molecular interactions. One major hurdle to the wide use of aptamers as specific inhibitors arises from the difficulty with traditional assays to validate and determine specificity, affinity, and binding epitopes for aptamers against targets. Here, using a technique called the bio-layer interferometry (BLI) designed for a label-free, real-time, and multiplexed detection of molecular interactions, we studied the assembly of a subset of PIC, TBP binding to TATA DNA, and two distinct classes of aptamers against TPB in regard to their ability to inhibit TBP binding to TFIIA or TATA DNA. Using BLI, we measured not only equilibrium binding constants ( KD ), which were overall in close agreement with those obtained by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, but also kinetic constants of binding ( kon and koff ), differentiating aptamers of comparable KD s by their difference in binding kinetics. The assay developed in this study can readily be adopted for high throughput validation of candidate aptamers for specificity, affinity, and epitopes, providing both equilibrium and kinetic information for aptamer interaction with targets.
Compared with the assays requiring labeling of aptamers or targets by fluorescence or luminescence tags, or radioisotopes, the label-free methods provide a real-time monitoring of molecular interactions, extending analysis to both equilibrium and kinetic properties. Similar to the working principles behind the widely used technique called surface plasmon resonance, the bio-layer interferometry (BLI) measures biomolecular interactions by a change in the optical thickness (which is detected as a wavelength shift in the interference pattern) at the biosensor tip caused by the binding of soluble analytes to targets immobilized to the tip surface of the biosensor. 15 In this study, we developed an assay using BLI to measure RNA aptamer interactions with DNA and target proteins in a real-time, multiplexed manner. The affinity of aptamers to targets was determined by BLI using steady-state or kinetic analyses. Furthermore, we also showed the assembly of transcription preinitiation complex involving DNA, TBP, and TFIIA in real-time and its specific inhibition by TBP aptamers.
Protein Preparation. Yeast TBP and TFIIA proteins were expressed and purified following the methods described previously. 16 Briefly, his-tagged full-length TBP was expressed from BL21-DE3 bacteria (NEB, USA) and purified using Ni-NTA affinity resin (Qiagen, Germany), followed by Hi-trap heparin column (GE Healthcare, USA). Yeast TFIIA, consisting of two subunits (TFIIAαβ and TFIIAγ), was expressed in BL21-DE3 cells, and the cell lysates were suspended in 8 M urea and dialyzed against refolding buffer (30 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 2 mM EDTA, 10% glycerol, and 500 mM KCl). TFIIA was further purified by ion exchange chromatography using a mono Q column connected to AKTA system (GE Healthcare, USA). Both TBP and TFIIA were confirmed to be more than 95% pure by SDS-PAGE. Protein concentration was measured by Bradford assay, and purified proteins were stored at −70 ℃ prior to use.
Synthesis of RNA Aptamers. RNA aptamer candidates were prepared by in vitro transcription (MEGAshortscript kit, Ambion, Life technologies, USA) following the manufacturer's protocol. The mixture of RNA and DNA template was treated by DNase for 20 min at 37 ℃, and RNA aptamers were further purified by denaturing polyacrylamide–urea gel electrophoresis. The RNA band was excised from gel and eluted into gel elution buffer (500 mM Ammonium acetate, 1 mM EDTA pH 8.0, 0.1% SDS). Eluted RNA was further purified by phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. Later, RNA pellet was resuspended in DEPCtreated water and the concentration of RNA was measured by absorbance (NanoDrop, 2000 Thermo scientific, USA).
Biotinylation of RNA Aptamers . RNA aptamers were biotinylated at the 3' end by T4 RNA ligase, performed with RNA 3'-end biotinylation kit (Pierce, Thermo scientific, USA). In a typical 30µL reaction, about 50 pmol of purified RNA was mixed with a 20-fold molar excess of biotinylated cytidine bisphosphate in reaction buffer (40 U T4 RNA ligase, 40 U RNase Inhibitor, 25% DMSO in 0.5 M Tris-HCl pH 7.8, 0.1 M MgCl 2 , 0.1 M DTT, 10 mM ATP). After incubation of this mixture at 16 ℃ overnight, unincorporated biotinylated cytidine bisphosphates were removed from RNA aptamers using a desalting column, and biotinylated RNA was further purified by phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. Purified RNA was resuspended in DEPC-treated water and stored at −20 ℃ prior to use.
Real-time, Multiplexed Detection of Aptamer Binding to TBP by BLI. The binding of analytes in solution to the biosensor increases the thickness of biological layer on the tip surface, which is then detected by BLI as an interference wavelength shift. 18 To measure the binding of multiple TBP aptamers in parallel (the list of aptamers is shown in Supplementary Table 1), biotinylated aptamers were attached to the SA sensors (phase 'I' in Fig. 1(a) ). The sensors were then transferred to the wells filled with assay buffer (phase 'II') and then to the wells containing TPB in assay buffer to record the kinetics of TBP interaction with aptamers (phase 'III'). The dissociation of TBP from aptamers was then measured when the sensors were placed into the wells without TBP in assay buffer (phase 'IV'). Control sensor, which was included to record reference readouts, was prepared without biotinylated aptamers on the tip surface, but was treated in the same way as the aptamer-coated sensors. Real-time measurements of TBP interaction with different aptamers by BLI were then used to compute the equilibrium dissociation ( KD ) and kinetic rate constants ( kon and koff ) by fitting the rate equation for 1:1 kinetics to the data ( Fig. 1(b) & (c) ). The dissociation constants for aptamer binding to TBP measured by BLI were close to those obtained by EMSA (for TBP-101 and TBP-12; Supplementary Table 1) and by a sol-gel technique (for TBP-6.16). Larger discrepancy was observed for the aptamers isolated mainly by solgel SELEX and whose affinity to TBP was also measured by sol-gel (TBP-6.12, -6.15, -6.18, -6.26). This is likely due to unavoidable preference and overestimation of affinity by sol-gel assay for the aptamers that were also selected by the same platform.
Real-time, multiplexed measurements and analysis of TBP interaction with aptamers using BLI. (a) Using the BLI technique, a real-time assay was developed to rapidly and simultaneously screen aptamer binding to targets. First, SA sensors were loaded with a biotinylated-aptamer (labeled with 'I') and washed to remove non-specific binding ('II'). Subsequently, sensors were incubated in wells containing 500 nM of TBP protein ('III') and then incubated in assay buffer ('IV') to measure association and dissociation kinetics, respectively. (b) The 1:1 rate equation was fitted simultaneously and globally to association and dissociation phase data (the kinetics of binding of TBP-6.38 and TBP-6.16 to TBP are shown as representative examples) to compute the kinetic constants (kon and koff). (c) The kinetic constants of binding for selected aptamers are plotted. Blue and red dashed lines mark the equilibrium dissociation constants (KD)) at 100 and 1 nM, respectively.
Unlike the two prior approaches of EMSA and sol-gel, whose analyses are limited to equilibrium properties, a realtime measurement by BLI can be used to study kinetic constants for biomolecular interactions. Such kinetic constants, computed by fitting the first-order rate equation to association and dissociation phase data ( Fig. 1(b) ), provide an additional insight to biomolecular interactions, and can discriminate aptamers of comparable equilibrium affinity by their difference in kinetic constants to targets. For instance, when the kinetic constants of all seven different aptamers are plotted, most aptamers with higher affinity to TBP were found to possess faster on-rates and slower off-rates ( Fig. 1(c) ). An exception to this was TBP-6.12, which bound TBP at 3.4- fold lower affinity compared with TBP-6.4, largely due its faster off-rate. Overall, our data demonstrates that the realtime, multiplexed measurements of aptamer binding to targets by BLI can be used for a rapid discovery of aptamers possessing desired equilibrium and kinetic rates.
Cross-validation of equilibrium dissociation constants for aptamer and TBP interaction by the kinetic (1:1 rate equation) and the steady-state analyses (Langmuir equation). Shown in the left column are the real-time measurements of the interaction of TBP, used at 10 nM, 25 nM, 50 nM, 100 nM, and 250 nM, with TATA-DNA (a) and TBP-specific aptamers (TBP− 6.4, − 6.16, and − 6.12 for (b), (c), and (d)). On the right column, the steady-state response of the association phase on the left was plotted against the concentration of TBP. The curve-fit of the Langmuir equation to TATA-DNA (e) and aptamer (f-h) binding to TBP is shown in solid line. Equilibrium and kinetics constants, separately predicted from the kinetic and steady-state analyses for aptamer interaction with TBP, are summarized in Supplementary Table 1.
Cross-validation of the Binding Constants Estimated by the Kinetic and Steady-state Analyses. The equilibrium dissociation constants ( KD ) were obtained separately by fitting the rate equation for 1:1 kinetics (kinetic analysis) and the Langmuir adsorption equation (steady-state analysis) to the data, and were compared for cross-validation ( Fig. 2 ). SA sensors with the aptamers (selected sensorgrams for TBP-6.4, TBP-6.16, and TBP-12 are shown in Fig. 2 ) were allowed to interact with TBP used at 10-250 nM. Kinetic constants were computed by globally fitting the rate equation to all the data collected at different concentrations. To compute the dissociation constants from the Langmuir equation, the steady-state values were approximated by extrapolating association phase response (corresponding to a phase 'III' in Fig. 1(a) ) to saturation. To first show that for a well-defined 1:1 interaction, both methods should yield comparable estimates of KD , we used a pair of TATA-DNA and TBP for a model interaction ( Fig. 2(a) & (e) ). The kinetic and steady-state analyses predicted KD to be 19.1 nM and 30 nM, respectively, differing by ~50% from each other. Overall, the equilibrium constants estimated by either method were close, with an increasing discrepancy observed for lower affinity aptamers ( e.g ., TBP-6.12, TBP-6.15, TBP- 6.18, and TBP-6.26 as shown in Supplementary Table 1). We also noted that the KD values predicted by the kinetic analysis were consistently lower (higher affinity) (Supplementary Table 1). Several factors would account for this discrepancy, including imperfect curve-fit, the occurrence of conformational change of aptamers after binding to target, and a heterogenous mode of binding.
Real-time Monitoring of the Transcription Factor Preinitiation Complex (PIC) Assembly. When a saddle-shaped TBP binds to TATA-box DNA element, TBP bends and unwinds DNA, a complex subsequently stabilized by TFIIA binding. 19 Prior to examining aptamer epitopes and specific inhibition of the PIC assembly by aptamers, we tested first if a sequential assembly of TATA-DNA, TBP, and TFIIA can be discerned by BLI. SA biosensors were first incubated with biotinylated TATA-DNA ( Fig. 3(a) 'I'), which bound SA tightly with little dissociation occurred after a washing step ('II'). Next, TATA-DNA coated sensors were incubated with TBP ('III') and transferred to washing wells ('IV'), and then to wells containing 0-400 nM of TFIIA ( Fig. 3(a) 'V'). Finally, the sensors were transferred to washing wells ('VI') to record the dissociation of TBP/TFIIA from TATA-DNA. Despite the gradual dissociation of TBP from TATA-DNA, TFIIA binding to TBP/TATA complex was clearly discerned by a dose-dependent increase in signals ( Fig. 3(a) 'V'). Contrary to a possible role of TFIIA on strengthening TBP and TATA interaction, the stabilizing effect of TFIIA on TBP/TATA complex appeared to be transient, evidenced by a rapid reduction of the signals to trace the apparent dissociation kinetics of TBP and TATA-DNA ( Fig. 3(a) 'VI').
Real-time monitoring of the assembly of PIC and its specific inhibition by TBP aptamers. Real-time sensorgrams using the Bio-layer Interferometer (OCTET RED 384) to study transcription pre-initiation assembly: (a) A series of SA sensors were loaded with 200 nM biotinylated-TATA-DNA (I), washed (II), and were transferred to wells containing 100 nM TBP (III). The sensors were transferred to assay buffer to monitor a dissociation of TBP from TATA-DNA (IV) and then to TFIIA containing wells (V). Subsequently, the dissociation of TBP/TFIIA from TATADNA was recorded (VI). (b) TBP aptamers with their epitopes localized to TATA-DNA (TBP-12) or TFIIA (TBP-101) binding sites were attached to SA sensors to recruit TBP, which were then used to probe inhibition of TFIIA binding to TBP.
Epitope Mapping of anti-TBP Aptamers by BLI. Available aptamers against TBP can be categorized into two groups by their recognition of two distinct epitopes, i.e ., TATA or TFIIA binding sites. To demonstrate that BLI can be used for a real-time validation of aptamer epitopes, we prepared SA sensors assembled sequentially with TATADNA and TBP. 2 3 While TBP-101, whose epitope is at the TFIIA binding site in TBP, formed a ternary complex with TBP/TATA, little increase was observed with TATA-site specific aptamers, TBP-12 and TBP-6.38 ( Fig. 4(a) 'V'). Inhibition of TBP binding to TATA-DNA by anti-TBP aptamers was also monitored by BLI ( Fig. 4(b) & (c) ). The TATA-DNA loaded SA sensors were incubated with TBP, which was premixed with anti-TATA site aptamer (TBP-12), anti-TFIIA site aptamer (TBP-101), excess TATA-dsDNA (positive control for inhibition), and yeast-tRNA (control for non-specific inhibition). As anticipated, the inhibition of TBP binding to TATA-DNA was higher with TBP-12 by its direct competition with TATA-DNA for binding to TBP ( Fig. 4(b) ). Interestingly, although TBP-101 recognizes the TFIIA binding site in TBP, it still partially inhibited TBP binding to TATA-box, likely due to the non-specific binding to TATA binding site or the TBP-101 induced conformational change of TBP, making TBP less competent in binding to TATA-DNA. This resulted in, at high concentrations of both aptamers of TBP-101 and TBP-12, inhibition of TBP binding to TATA-DNA ( Fig. 4(c) ).
Revealing two classes of TBP aptamers defined by two distinct epitopes in TBP. (a) SA biosensors were assembled with TATA-DNA followed by TBP, and were used to determine aptamer epitopes in TBP. (b) Monitoring specific inhibition of TBP interaction with TATA-DNA by anti-TBP aptamers, irrelevant yeast-tRNA (negative control), and TATA-DNA (positive control). (c) Shown in bar graph is the amount of TBP binding to TATA-DNA and its reduction by TBP aptamers, whose epitopes are at TATA (TBP-12) or TFIIA (TBP-101) binding sites in TBP.
The assembly of TBP and other transcriptional complex with RNA polymerase is central to transcriptional activation of a large set of genes in eukaryotes. RNA aptamers have emerged as an important and possibly a unique tool for reversibly and dynamically altering this assembly process with a finer control over specificity. Although the advent of high throughput sequencing technology has greatly facilitated the process of aptamer discovery, the bottleneck to the wider use of aptamers, however, still remains for the lack of quantitative, multiplexed methods for evaluating aptamers as currently available assays are unsuitable for rapidly testing many candidate aptamers with adequate accuracy. Similarly to the great use of surface plasmon resonance for studying biomolecular interactions, here we report that BLI is a powerful platform for achieving label-free, multiplexed detection of biomolecular interactions involving aptamers. Real-time recording of aptamer interaction with targets not only provided equilibrium properties but also kinetic constants, which can discriminate aptamers with comparable affinities to targets. Furthermore, the assembly process of a subset of transcription initiation complex could be monitored by BLI, which was then used to examine aptamer epitopes and specific inhibition of the assembly process.
This research was supported by Korea Ministry of Environment as "EI project" (ERL E211-41003- 0007-0), and Agency for Defense Development through Chemical and Biological Defense Research Center (2012- 0126-005). Global Research Laboratory program by Ministry of Education and Science and Technology in Korea (grant 2008-00582) to D.-K.L supported this work. The Seoul R&BD Program (PA130117) supported this work.
AU - Jin, Moonsoo M.
AU - Min, Irene M.
 S Ren , Y Jiang , HR Yoon , SW Hong , D Shin , S Lee , DK Lee , MM Jin , IM Min , and S Kim , "Label-free Detection of the Transcription Initiation Factor Assembly and Specific Inhibition by Aptamers", Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, vol. 5, no. 5, May 2014.


text:
Student Recommendation Letter Sample
Referring to a student recommendation letter sample can help you understand how to draft such a letter and what is the language that needs to be used in it.
Tulika Nair
In the simplest of terms, a recommendation letter is written to recommend someone for further studies or for a job. Generally, a prospective employer or the admissions department may ask an applicant to provide them with a reference letter from someone who has known them and is in a position to provide an impartial and insightful assessment of the applicant's qualification and abilities. Any sample will tell you that more often than not, such a letter is written by a professor who has known the student for a couple of years. Writing it is not as difficult as it is made out to be, but you need to ensure that you do not go overboard praising the person you are recommending, but provide a good character evaluation. All the writer needs to remember is that he needs to follow the proper format. A student recommendation letter sample is given in the paragraphs below.
If you want to learn how to write this kind of letter, then you need to understand the proper format. It is important to follow a proper template, as this is a formal one that is going to decide the impression the addressee has of you and of the person you are recommending. While a sample can always help you understand the format, it is advisable to refer to a template.
Address of Sender
Salutation/Greetings
Dear Ms./Mr. (addressee), or To whom it may concern
In the first paragraph, which is the introductory paragraph, you will be expected to explain your relation with the person you are recommending. You will also need to explain why you have the prerequisites to recommend the person you are writing it for. You can also explain why you are writing the letter.
In the second paragraph, you will be expected to write a testimonial for the person you are recommending. Explain why you think this person is suitable for the college he is applying to. Give a frank and honest assessment of the capabilities of the person. Include an account of all their qualifications and achievements. The assessment that you include needs to be a result of your observation of the person.
If you do want to, then you could include a third paragraph which could begin with a praise like, I highly recommend. This paragraph could be a summary that you have written. You could also match the qualifications and capabilities of the person with the demands of the degree that they are applying to.
The final paragraph would serve as the conclusion and should have your contact details so that the addressee can contact you in case needed.
Valediction/Goodbye
Now that you have understood the template, take a look at an example to understand better how the content should be phrased.
Melissa King
JFK High School
Hebudah, New Jersey
New York - 534664
Date: 12th Feb 2011
I, the undersigned, am the Principal at JFK High School. The letter is being written on behalf of Jeremy Brown, a student of JFK High School. Jeremy has been a honors student at my school for the past four years, and is diligent and outstanding.
An exemplary student who has always received brilliant grades since the start of his academic pursuit, it has been a pleasure teaching Jeremy. Not only has he been diligent at his work, but he has a keen interest in co-curricular activities as well. For the past three years, Jeremy has been an active member of our dramatics club, and also has been a contributor to the school newspaper. In his last year at JFK, he played the lead in our annual play, and was also the chief photographer for the newspaper. A team player who has always been of assistance to fellow students, Jeremy has everything that it takes to be an asset to your Dramatics program.
Jeremy has also been an active member of the debate team and the Environmental Club. He is academically inclined, outgoing, helpful, and cheerful. He has the kind of dedication to his work that would surely take him places.
I would like to thank you for considering Jeremy Brown amongst your candidates for the Dramatics program scholarship. If you need to contact me for any details or clarification, please do so at the address given below or the phone number given.
Phone number - 459-459-5455
If you refer to resources online or even books on letter writing you may get many such examples of recommendation letters for students. This letter sample is just one such example. Hopefully, this has helped you understand how to draft a reference letter for a student.
Scholarship Recommendation Letter Format
Examples of Good Letters of Recommendation
Sample Letter of Recommendation for a Friend
Sample Letter of Recommendation for Teacher
Recommendation Letter from Employer
Character Recommendation Letter
Recommendation Letter Format
How to Write a Recommendation Letter for a Friend
Examples of Recommendation Letters
Sample Personal Letters of Recommendation
Sample Letter of Recommendation from Employer
Professional Letter of Recommendation
Character Reference Letters for Court Appearances
Character Reference Letter to a Judge


text:
-------------------------------------
SELECT
        --Our answers - what we want to train for
        --d.decision

        --remove this stuff from the query before training (just for debugging)
         EXTRACT(YEAR FROM manifest.date) AS decision_data_year
         ,CASE WHEN (EXTRACT(YEAR FROM manifest.date)::INTEGER) = 2016 THEN 2015
          ELSE (EXTRACT(YEAR FROM manifest.date)::INTEGER)
         END AS altered_decision_data_year
        , rent.snapshot_id AS rent_snapshot_id
        , c.snapshot_id AS contract_snapshot_id
        , c.contract_number
        , p.property_name_text
        , p.owner_organization_name
        , p.address_line1_text AS address
        , p.city_name_text AS city
        , p.state_code AS state

        , g.geoid
        , rent.geo_id2

        -----Data we want-----
        --Continuous variables
        , rent.hd01_vd01 AS median_rent
        , c.contract_term_months_qty
        --, d.term_mths_lag AS previous_contract_term_months
        , 154 AS previous_contract_term_months   --average contract length
        , c.assisted_units_count
        , c.rent_to_FMR_ratio
        , c."0br_count" br0_count
        , c."1br_count" br1_count
        , c."2br_count" br2_count
        , c."3br_count" br3_count
        , c."4br_count" br4_count
        , c."5plusbr_count" br5_count

        --Categorical variables
        , TRIM(c.program_type_group_name) AS program_type_group_name
        , c.is_hud_administered_ind
        , c.is_acc_old_ind
        , c.is_acc_performance_based_ind
        , p.is_hud_owned_ind
        , p.owner_company_type
        , p.mgmt_agent_company_type
        , p.primary_financing_type

--primary opening FROM statement, for use when making training data
/*
FROM decisions AS d
LEFT JOIN
contracts AS c
ON c.contract_number = d.contract_number AND c.snapshot_id = d.snapshot_id
*/

--Alternative opening from statement when using to pull demo test data
FROM contracts AS c

LEFT JOIN properties AS p
ON c.property_id = p.property_id AND SUBSTRING(c.snapshot_id FROM 2) = SUBSTRING(p.snapshot_id FROM 2)

LEFT JOIN geocode AS g
ON c.property_id = g.property_id

LEFT JOIN manifest
ON manifest.snapshot_id = c.snapshot_id

LEFT JOIN acs_rent_median AS rent
ON g.geoid::TEXT = rent.geo_id2::TEXT
    AND
    --match the timing of the contract snapshot to the relevant year of rent data. Allow 2016 to use the most recently available data.
    (CASE WHEN (EXTRACT(YEAR FROM manifest.date)::INTEGER) = 2016 THEN 2015
          ELSE (EXTRACT(YEAR FROM manifest.date)::INTEGER)
     END)
    =
    (CASE WHEN rent.snapshot_id = 	'ACS_09_5YR_B25058_with_ann.csv' THEN 2009
   					WHEN rent.snapshot_id = 'ACS_10_5YR_B25058_with_ann.csv' THEN 2010
   					WHEN rent.snapshot_id = 'ACS_11_5YR_B25058_with_ann.csv' THEN 2011
   					WHEN rent.snapshot_id = 'ACS_12_5YR_B25058_with_ann.csv' THEN 2012
   					WHEN rent.snapshot_id = 'ACS_13_5YR_B25058_with_ann.csv' THEN 2013
   					WHEN rent.snapshot_id = 'ACS_14_5YR_B25058_with_ann.csv' THEN 2014
   					WHEN rent.snapshot_id = 'ACS_15_5YR_B25058_with_ann.csv' THEN 2015
   			  END
)::INTEGER

--Use this version when getting training data
/*
WHERE d.decision IN ('in', 'out')
AND d.churn_flag IS NULL
AND rent.snapshot_id IS NOT NULL --exclude years with no rent data
*/

--Alternate where statement to use when just demo test data
WHERE p.state_code ILIKE 'DC'
AND c.snapshot_id = 'c2016-08'
AND rent.snapshot_id IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY g.geoid

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


APC propeller development uses a proprietary PC based CAD-CAM system. The software is specifically tailored for model and UAV propeller design and manufacture. This system has been undergoing continuous development and improvement for over two decades.
APC propellers are injection molded using a pair of mold halves. CNC milling machines are used to create the molds. The design of the computer software used to define airfoils, and the resulting CNC motion, dominantly reflects parting line driven requirements. The parting line must be very precise and continuous around the entire perimeter of the mold cavity to allow precision molding of the very thin airfoils used on many of the APC propellers.
The airfoils may have arbitrary shapes defined with either tabular data (splined cubic fits) or analytical functions typically used for NACA airfoils. The airfoil shapes may vary with span. Capability exists to smoothly "splice" together widely different airfoil shapes. The dominant basis for the primary airfoil shape used in most APC propellers is similar to the NACA 4412 and Clark-Y airfoils, except the leading edge is somewhat lower. Also, the aft region is somewhat thicker. This alters the zero-lift angle by approximately one degree and provides greater lift without having to twist the blade more. Most blades have some washout near the tip. For applications where Mach number effects become significant near the tip, either pitch washout or camber reduction are used to minimize Mach drag rise.
Thin electric, slow-fly, and multi-rotor propellers typically blend the low Reynolds number Eppler E63 airfoil (inboard) with a Clark-Y similar airfoil near the tip.
Cross-section geometry in and near the hub region is defined with specialized algorithms. The aerodynamic-dominant airfoil must smoothly transition into a structural-dominant shape in a manner that emphasizes strength consistent with milling machine tool constraints. Hub geometry for 3 and 4 bladed propellers is very complex because of the need to match mold parting lines at all points on the mold surface perimeter.
Vortex theory is the basis for the computational method used to calculate blade loading. For some applications, (i.e., an AT-6), the fuselage shape and/or cowling can significantly affect the airflow through the propeller. These flow field effects are computed using 3D potential flow theory. Lift-drag data are computed using the NASA TAIR code, using representative airspeed and engine RPM to set Mach number distributions. Empirical data are used to characterize minimum drag levels under low propeller loading conditions.
The TAIR code is most appropriate for high speed conditions. This code has been heavily developed to provide very stable (numerical) performance over a broad range of environments. Stability is an essential property for batch processing described below.
APC is currently developing the ability to analyze airfoils at slower speed conditions within our design software. We expect that this improvement will substantially increase predictive accuracy of performance data at low Reynolds numbers.
APC provides Performance Data files for all propellers currently in production. These performance data provide estimates of thrust, torque and efficiency over a broad range of model speeds and engine RPM.
The performance data are all computer generated using the theoretical and computational methods described above. A batch processing system is used to update these data when improvements are made to any of the elements within the performance software. Over one week of continuous processing on a high-end workstation is required to update the performance data files.
These data are most useful when utilized on a comparative basis to identify the effects of design changes when test data exist to anchor performance of particular design. The latter is especially true for slower speed conditions where applicability of the TAIR code may be uncertain. In particular, UAV propeller design will benefit from improved performance data where a highly coupled relationship exists between aircraft drag, engine characteristics, and propeller performance.
A propeller-unique stress analysis package is used to compute propeller peak stress and fatigue endurance. Blade cross-section geometric properties (needed for structural analysis) are computed numerically with a very fine chord wise mesh. Steady and alternating stresses are evaluated along the entire blade considering inertia and aerodynamic loads. Stresses are evaluated in terms of bending (thrust and drag), centrifugal (inertia), and torsional (acceleration) components. Fatigue endurance margins are estimated assuming Goodman, Gerber and Smith criteria.
Natural modes (frequencies) of the propeller are computed assuming that the hub is rigid. Both published and empirically determined ranges of composite modulus of elasticity (bending) are used to calculate dynamic amplification factors. These dynamic amplification factors are used to augment (intensify) cyclic stress components.
Torsional acceleration for internal combustion is typically highly sensitive to engine fuel mixture and is therefore rather uncertain. Design parameters have been empirically developed to seek reasonable upper bounds for maximum torsional acceleration loads. However, the uncertainty with this sometimes strong (especially for racing applications) contributor to cyclic stress requires that extensive operational testing be employed to verify structural integrity for high performance applications. The component of cyclic torsional acceleration is not considered for electric motor applications.
Cyclic bending stress induced by precession during rapid loops is also included in the stress computations. However, this effect is very minor, even under extreme pitch rate conditions. In addition, precession stress is normally out-of-phase with torsional vibration effects; therefore, it does not add to peak cyclic stress magnitude.
Modulus of elasticity (bending) is empirically determined using force-deflection tests with molded specimens that reflect the effects of "skinning " during the injection molding process. The bending modulus is sensitive to humidity.
Fixed pitch propellers generally have to perform well over a large range of flight conditions. Therefore there is no single design condition that may be used to optimize a propeller shape, even if the model airplane characteristics (i.e., total drag coefficient) and engine performance characteristics (torque vs. RPM) are well known. Therefore, most (initial) propeller design iterations are verified almost exclusively with extensive flight tests.
Once a design is broadly set, interactive optimization algorithms may be used to adjust diameter, pitch and chord distributions to maximize thrust for specified model speed, engine RPM and engine torque. Two complementary methods have been used to measure engine RPM and model airspeed. (1) Telemetry provides direct in-flight measurement of engine RPM and airspeed. (2) Radar gun and (video) sound measurements are used to quantify model speed and engine RPM under specific flight conditions. These in-flight speed and RPM data are then used to evaluate the propeller performance. After a large database is developed, interpolation between existing designs is used for developing new designs.
The telemetry system is a computer controlled data acquisition system that can record up to 30 minutes of data in solid state memory. The data are played back after flight recovery. While many options exist within the system, it is primarily used for airspeed and RPM measurements. The airspeed and RPM measurements consistently yield data very close to that determined from radar gun and audio recordings, providing considerable confidence in data accuracy.
Engine in-flight RPM is determined using a video camera to record engine audio. Spectral analysis software is then used to determine the dominant harmonic content from the signal. Audio data are collected with the model flying both toward and away from the pilot. Differences in apparent frequency are used to identify and remove Doppler shift effects.
Conversion to 3 and 4 bladed propellers is performed by matching the 2-blade torque for specified model speed and RPM conditions. This method allows efficient use of a rather broad data base that now exists for 2-blade propellers.


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yz 250f wont start Decomp problwms?
I have a 2008 yz 250f that I just had the valves adjusted because it started hard when warm/hot. After doing this I rode it the next day. Took 2-3 kicks to start cold instead of normally one and after about 20 minutes of riding I stalled it. It would not start for the life of me and I had to let it sit for about 10 minutes to cool down and it took another 2-3 kicks to start. Stalled it about 25 minutes after that and it would not start no matter what. Let it sit for a half hour and still nothing. When home and changed the plug still nothing. Tried to bump It both times and nothing. Compression test came back at 140 lbs without holding the decompressor and he leak test only yielded around a 10% leakage. Thinking maybe the decompression mechanism might be sticking? Valves are good, timing is correct.


Earlier this week, Communities Minister Sajid Javid helped launch the Digital Sunset Challenge at Sevenoaks Primary School. The challenge saw more than 1,500 pupils pledge to switch off all electronic devices every night for an entire week. We spoke to the curators of the challenge Linden Kemkaran and Councillor Anna Firth.


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Free essay on Lord of the Flies - Jack available totally free at jctgkzv.ml, the largest free essay community.
In the novel Lord of the Flies, Jack is the character that goes through the most change of anyone throughout the story. He begins the novel as a somewhat arrogant choir boy, who we actually see cry when he is not elected leader of the island.
Jack's Hunger for Power in The Lord of the Flies Essay Words | 3 Pages. Jack's Weakness The Lord of the Flies is a gruesome story about young boys stranded on an island, who underwent a transformation from polite British choir boys to savage hooligans. Contrasting Ralph and Jack in Lord of the Flies Ralph and Jack are both powerful and meaningful characters in William Golding's novel, Lord of the Flies. Ralph is an excellent leader; responsible, and stands for all that is good. Jack is a destructive hunter, selfish, and represents evil.
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Thomas Young or Yonge ~ Master of Jesus in Jesus Chapel (1644-50). Born at Luncarty in Perthshire, 1587; son of a Scottish minister – vocal Presbyterian (parishes included Pitcairne, Auchtergaven, Redgorton and Luncarty). Educated at Grammar School, Perth, and the University of St Andrew, where he graduated MA in 1606. Tutoring in London, 16l2. Private tutor to John Milton, c1618-22; appointed Chaplain to the English merchants in Hamburg, 1622. Milton, writing to him from London on the 26 March 1625, to acknowledge the gift of a Hebrew Bible, expresses 'boundless and singular gratitude' and says he regards him 'in the light of a father.' Returned to England 1628, and appointed to Vicarages of St Peter and St Mary at Stowmarket. Author of Dies Dominica, on the keeping of the Sabbath and one of the leaders among the five divines who wrote the famous pamphlet entitled Smectymnuusattacking episcopacy. Member of the Assembly of Divines, 1643, and preacher of St James, Duke Place; installed Master of Jesus in Jesus Chapel by the Earl of Manchester, 12 April 1644. Deprived of Mastership 1650, and retired to Stowmarket; d28 November 1655, aged 68. Buried in the parish church, Stowmarket, beside his wife, Rebecca, who had died in 1651. His eldest son Thomas, 'MA and President of Jesus College', is buried with him.


Remember when being a 'Christian' meant something?
When Bill Clinton was elected president, I made the argument that the problem wasn't Bill Clinton but the millions of people who voted for him. And the same thing is true about Barack Obama. I can assure you that there have always been people who wanted to be president whose morals were no better than those of Clinton or Obama. The difference was that, back when America was still a Christian nation, the voters had better morals than to knowingly elect these kind of people to public office. That's because we were able to assume that there was a connection between what people claimed to believe and how they conducted themselves. For example, in those days, when someone said they were a Christian, that meant something.
Unfortunately, that is no longer the case, and the abortion issue provides a perfect example of this phenomenon.
All across America, there are those who claim that it is possible for them to be pro-choice – or vote for a supporter of legalized abortion – without abandoning their Christian principles. They get away with this despite the fact that, from a theological standpoint, what they are saying is clearly demonstrable hogwash.
Two fundamental doctrines of Christianity are that God is the author of life and that He is incapable of making mistakes. Obviously, the only logical conclusion that can be drawn from those concepts is that when life exists in the womb it is God's will that it be there. Since the obvious goal of abortion is to deny that will, support for its legality is, by definition, incompatible with Christianity.