text:
County of Westchester v. United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
United States District Court, S.D. New York
COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER, Plaintiff,
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT (" HUD" ), and SHAUN L.S. DONOVAN, AS SECRETARY OF HUD, Defendants. COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER, Plaintiff,
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT (" HUD" ), and JULIAN CASTRO, AS SECRETARY OF HUD, Defendants
[Copyrighted Material Omitted]
For Plaintiff: Robert F. Meehan, Westchester County Attorney's Office, White Plains, NY.
For Defendants: Preet Bharara, David J. Kennedy, Lara K. Eshkenazi, Benjamin H. Torrance, United State Attorney's Office, Southern District of New York, New York, NY.
OPINION AND ORDER
DENISE COTE, United States District Judge.
Plaintiff County of Westchester (" County" ) brings these two actions, pursuant to the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. § § 701-706 (" APA" ), 42 U.S.C. § § 12705(c)(1) and 12711, and the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, against defendants the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development(" HUD" ) and HUD Secretary Julian Castro (" Secretary" ), seeking review of final administrative determinations by HUD to withhold from the County funds from Community Planning and Development Formula Grant Programs (" CPD Funds" ) for the 2011, 2013, and 2014 fiscal years (" FY2011," " FY2013," and " FY2014" ).[1] For the following reasons, these actions are dismissed and judgment is entered in favor of the defendants.
HUD withheld the CPD Funds at issue here because, in HUD's view, the County failed to provide an accurate certification that the funds would be administered in conformity with the Fair Housing Act and to affirmatively further fair housing (" AFFH" ), as required by federal law (" Certifications" ). To AFFH, the County was required to produce an " AI," which must include an analysis of impediments to fair housing choice in addition to offering appropriate actions to overcome the effects of any identified impediments. HUD determined that the AIs which the County produced to obtain the CPD Funds at issue here were not acceptable under the standards mandated by the federal statutes and regulations that govern the grant programs: despite HUD's assistance, encouragement and guidance, the County refused to provide an adequate assessment of the impediments which local zoning ordinances presented to fair housing choice within the County, and to adequately identify the actions it would take to overcome the effects of any such impediments. The defendants have moved for summary judgment on the ground that their denial of the CPD Funds was not arbitrary and capricious or otherwise in violation of HUD's grant of statutory authority. For the reasons, described below, that motion is granted.
Plaintiff has cross-moved for summary judgment on the ground that HUD may not consider local zoning ordinances when making a decision whether to grant or deny CPD Funds. For this proposition it
relies on two statutory provisions under the HOME Investment Partnerships Program (" HOME" ), which is one of the three CPD grant programs at issue here. 42 U.S.C. § § 12705(c)(1), 12711.[2] These two provisions only apply to the HOME program, and in any event do not relieve the County of its obligation to make accurate Certifications and to produce adequate AIs in order to obtain CPD Funds.
The defendants have an alternative ground for summary judgment premised on the County's breach of its 2009 settlement agreement with HUD, which concluded False Claims Act litigation against the County. In the course of that earlier litigation, this Court determined that the County had filed seven false Certifications between 2000 and 2006 that it would affirmatively further fair housing. Despite the requirements of federal law, the County's AIs, submitted in connection with those Certifications, did not analyze race-based impediments to fair housing. Instead, the Certifications restricted their analysis to impediments to affordable housing in the County. 668 F.Supp.2d at 562. In settling that litigation -- in which the County stood to have damages assessed against it of over $150 million -- the County committed to providing an AI by December 2009 that was acceptable to HUD. It did not do so. It has provided HUD with essentially three AIs since 2009 -- one in 2010, one in 2011 and a third in 2013 -- and HUD has found all three to be inadequate. This Opinion does not reach the question of whether HUD can withhold CPD funds for the County's breach of the settlement agreement.
Before turning to the factual background and then the legal analysis of the issues presented by these motions, it is important to note HUD's contention that there is particular urgency surrounding this litigation. The congressional appropriation reserved for the FY2013 CPD Funds will, by law, revert to the U.S. Treasury on September 30, 2015.[3] Before that time, the funds may be reallocated to other communities. According to HUD, without expeditious resolution of the issues here, over $5 million in FY2013 CPD Funds will not be available for use anywhere as Congress intended.
The facts and procedural history giving rise to this dispute have been described in several previous Opinions issued by this Court and the Second Circuit Court of Appeals. See, e.g., United States ex rel. Anti--Discrimination Ctr. of Metro N.Y., Inc. v. Westchester Cnty., 495 F.Supp.2d 375 (S.D.N.Y. 2007) (" 2007 Opinion" ) (denying motion to dismiss False Claims Act lawsuit against the County); United States ex rel. Anti--Discrimination Ctr. of Metro N.Y., Inc. v. Westchester Cnty., 668 F.Supp.2d 548 (S.D.N.Y. 2009) (" 2009 Opinion" ) (finding that County's Certifications to obtain CPD Funds were false but reserving on County's scienter); U.S. ex rel. Anti-Discrimination Ctr. of Metro New York, Inc. v. Westchester Cnty., N.Y., No. 06cv2860 (GWG), 2012 WL 917367 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 16, 2012) (accepting in part and rejecting in part Monitor's 2011 Report) (" Magistrate Judge Opinion" );
U.S. ex rel. Anti-Discrimination Ctr. of Metro New York, Inc. v. Westchester Cnty., N.Y., No. 06cv2860 (DLC), 2012 WL 1574819 (S.D.N.Y. May 3, 2012) (" 2012 Opinion" ) (adopting Monitor's conclusions in part and MJ's opinions in part); United States ex rel. Anti-Discrimination Ctr. of Metro N.Y., Inc. v. Westchester Cnty., 712 F.3d 761 (2d Cir. 2013) (" Appeal Opinion" ) (affirming holding that the County had breached promotion requirement); Cnty. of Westchester v. U.S. Dep't of Hous. & Urban Dev., No. 13cv2741 (DLC), 2013 WL 4400843 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 14, 2013) (" 2013 Opinion" ) (dismissing APA claims for lack of jurisdiction and statutory claim for pleading deficiency); Westchester v. U.S. Dep't of Hous. & Urban Dev., 778 F.3d 412 (2d Cir. 2015) (" 2015 Opinion" ) (vacating in part 2013 Opinion and remanding on issue of jurisdiction). The Court assumes familiarity with those Opinions. Only those facts necessary to the resolution of the present motion are described below.
I. Statutory & Regulatory Framework
The CPD Funds at issue are allocated pursuant to three different federal programs: the HOME program, the Community Development Block Grant (" CDBG" ) program, and the Emergency Solutions Grant (" ESG" ) program. All three were enacted against the backdrop of the Fair Housing Act (" FHA" ), whose provisions are incorporated by reference into the three grant programs' authorizing statutes.
A. Fair Housing Act
The FHA was passed in 1968 to provide " for fair housing" within the limits imposed by the Constitution. 42 U.S.C. § 3601. The statute bans discrimination on the basis of " race, color, religion, sex, familial status, or national origin" in connection with the sale and rental of housing and other private real estate transactions, subject to limitations imposed by the statute. 42 U.S.C. § § 3604, 3605. " The FHA was enacted to eradicate discriminatory [housing] practices . . . includ[ing] zoning laws and other housing restrictions that function unfairly to exclude minorities from certain neighborhoods without any sufficient justification." Texas Dep't of Hous. & Cmty. Affairs v. Inclusive Communities Project, Inc., 135 S.Ct. 2507, 192 L.Ed.2d 514, 2015 WL 2473449, at *13 (U.S. June 25, 2015) (citation omitted).
B. Grant Programs
The three grant programs all require that jurisdictions make certain submissions to HUD to determine eligibility. Each program and its application process is described below. Of principal relevance here are the requirement that applicants certify to HUD that they will " affirmatively further fair housing," including an " analysis of impediments" ; for HOME grants, the requirement that jurisdictions submit a " housing strategy" ; and, under the " consolidated plan" process established by regulation, the requirement that jurisdictions submit an " action plan."
1. CDBG Program & the " Affirmatively Further Fair Housing" Requirement
The CDBG program was established under the Housing and Development Act of 1974. 42 U.S.C. § § 5301-5321 (" CDBG statute" ). " The primary objective" of the program is " providing decent housing and a suitable living environment and expanding economic opportunities, principally for persons of low and moderate income." Id. § 5301(c). The CDBG program works against the backdrop of the FHA and incorporates by reference standards applicable to fair housing.
Jurisdictions applying for CDBG grants must certify that they have satisfied six criteria in order to be eligible. 42 U.S.C. § 5304(b). Applicants must certify, inter alia, that " the grant will be conducted and administered in conformity with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [42 U.S.C, § 2000a et seq.][4] and the Fair Housing Act [42 U.S.C. § 3601 et seq.], and the grantee will affirmatively further fair housing." Id. § 5304(b)(2). By HUD regulation, the duty to affirmatively further fair housing requires the grantee to " conduct an analysis to identify impediments to fair housing choice within the jurisdiction, take appropriate actions to overcome the effects of any impediments identified through that analysis, and maintain records reflecting the analysis and actions in this regard." 24 C.F.R. § 570.601(a)(2) (emphasis added).
2. ESG Program
The ESG program was initially authorized as the " Emergency Shelter Grants" program by the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Veterans Act of 1987; it was modified to its current form, and name, by the Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing (HEARTH) Act of 2009. Administered pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § § 11371-11378, the purpose of the program is, among other things, " to provide funds for programs to assist the homeless, with special emphasis on elderly persons, handicapped persons, families with children, Native Americans, and veterans." Id. § 11301.
The ESG program does not have any independent certification requirements. A grantee may only receive an ESG grant, however, if it also receives a CDBG allocation. Id. § 11373(a). Functionally, therefore, eligibility for ESG hinges on proper AFFH certification pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 5304(b)(2).
3. HOME Program & the Housing Strategy
The final grant program at issue concerns HOME funds, allocated under the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act of 1990, codified at 42 U.S.C. § § 12701-12714, 12741-12756. The statute states that its objective is to " improve housing opportunities for all residents of the United States, particularly members of disadvantaged minorities, on a nondiscriminatory basis." Id. § 12702(3). As with the CDBG program, the HOME program is concerned with affordable housing, but operates in conformity with the FHA and incorporates standards relevant to fair housing.
In order to qualify for HOME funds, a jurisdiction must " submit to [HUD] a comprehensive housing affordability strategy in accordance with [42 U.S.C. § 12705]." Id. § 12746(5). Section 12705(b) sets out twenty criteria to be included in the housing affordability strategy (" Housing Strategy" ), two of which are relevant for this Opinion. Section 12705(b)(4) requires grantees to
explain whether the cost of housing or the incentives to develop, maintain, or improve affordable housing in the jurisdiction are affected by public policies, particularly by policies of the jurisdiction, including tax policies affecting land and other property, land use controls, zoning ordinances, building codes, fees and charges, growth limits, and policies that affect the return on residential investment, and describe the jurisdiction's strategy to remove or ameliorate negative effects, if any, of such policies . . . .
Id. Another of the twenty criteria, like the CDBG statute, requires grantees to certify
" that the jurisdiction will affirmatively further fair housing." Id. § 12705(b)(15).
The definition of AFFH under the HOME statute is identical to that under the CDBG statute. 24 C.F.R. § 91.225(a)(1). The AFFH certification is submitted as a component of the Housing Strategy. See id. § § 91.200, 91.225. " Certification," in turn, is defined as a " written assertion, based on supporting evidence," that will be deemed accurate " unless the Secretary determines otherwise after inspecting the evidence and providing due notice and opportunity for comment." 42 U.S.C. § 12704(21). HOME grantees must also submit " annual updates of the housing strategy," and the statutory scheme appears to treat these annual updates as extensions of the initial Housing Strategy, subject to ongoing approval or disapproval by the Secretary of HUD. 42 U.S.C. § 12705(a)(2), (3). Grantees thus must re-certify each year that they are fulfilling the AFFH duty.
Section 12705(c)(1) governs HUD's approval or rejection of Housing Strategies. It provides:
Not later than 60 days after receipt by the Secretary, the housing strategy shall be approved unless the Secretary determines before that date that (A) the housing strategy is inconsistent with the purposes of this Act, or (B) the information described in subsection (b) of this section has not been provided in a substantially complete manner. For the purpose of the preceding sentence, the adoption or continuation of a public policy identified pursuant to subsection (b)(4) of this section shall not be a basis for the Secretary's disapproval of a housing strategy.
Finally, § 12711, which also appears in the same subchapter of the U.S. Code, sets further limitations on HUD's ability to approve or reject a jurisdiction's application for grant funding. It provides:
Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter or subchapter II of this chapter, the Secretary shall not establish any criteria for allocating or denying funds made available under programs administered by the Secretary based on the adoption, continuation, or discontinuation by a jurisdiction of any public policy, regulation, or law that is (1) adopted, continued, or discontinued in accordance with the jurisdiction's duly established authority, and (2) not in violation of any Federal law.
Id. § 12711.
4. Action Plans
By federal regulation, jurisdictions may streamline their grant program submissions with a " consolidated plan," by which they may apply simultaneously for CDBG, ESG, and HOME funding, as well as other funding programs (" Consolidated Plan" ). 24 C.F.R. § 91.1. Certain components of the plan -- including a Housing Strategy -- may be submitted on a five-year basis, as may the applicant's AI; other components must be submitted annually. Id. § 91.15(b). Among the required annual submissions are " action plans." Action plans -- like those submitted to HUD by the County -- include a jurisdiction's application for funding, any update to its Housing Strategy, and its annual express certifications that it will AFFH. Id. § § 91.220, .225; see 2009 Opinion, 668 F.Supp.2d at 553. Jurisdictions participating in a consortium that files a consolidated plan must abide by the same requirements. See id. § § 91.420, .425. HUD is permitted to reject any " plan for which a certification is rejected by HUD as inaccurate, after HUD has inspected the evidence and provided due notice and opportunity to the
jurisdiction for comment." 24 C.F.R. § 91.500.
C. The Statutory Lapse Date
The CPD funds are allocated to jurisdictions based on a statutory formula. If not disbursed to the earmarked jurisdiction, these funds may be reallocated to other jurisdictions until the statutory lapse date, i.e. the date on which the federal appropriation for HUD funding expires.
Once the statutory lapse date passes, funds that have not been reallocated remain available to the original jurisdiction in an expired account for five fiscal years to satisfy obligations incurred prior to the lapse date. 31 U.S.C. § 1552(a); see 2015 Opinion, 778 F.3d at 417 n.8. This means that, following the statutory lapse date, funds that were statutorily allocated to the applicant and not reallocated to other jurisdictions can only be distributed to the applicant. 31 U.S.C. § 1553(a); 2015 Opinion, 778 F.3d at 417 n.8. They revert to the Treasury upon the expiration of the five-year deadline. 31 U.S.C. § 1552(b).
II. The 2006 False Claims Act Litigation and 2009 Settlement
This litigation has its genesis in False Claims Act litigation filed against the County in 2006. After this Court determined that the County had falsely certified to HUD that it was affirmatively furthering fair housing, the County entered into a settlement (" Settlement" ) with HUD in 2009. Between that time and today, HUD and the County have sparred over the extent of the County's compliance with federal law and the Settlement, and the County's entitlement to federal housing and community development funds. After the False Claims Act litigation and Settlement are described, the Opinion will describe the principal milestones in the County's interaction with HUD in the years since the County settled the False Claims Act litigation.
A. False Claims Act Lawsuit
In 2006, the Anti-Discrimination Center of Metro New York, Inc., acting as a qui tam relator, sued the County for violation of the False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. 3729 et seq. (" FCA" ). The lawsuit asserted that the County had received over $52 million from the federal government for housing and community development after falsely certifying, from 2000 through 2006, that it was affirmatively furthering fair housing. The County had submitted those Certifications to HUD on behalf of itself and a consortium of all but five of the municipal entities in Westchester County.[5] The County submitted Consolidated Plans every five years, including a Housing Strategy and an AI. It submitted annual Action Plans in which it annually certified that it would AFFH.
In rejecting the County's motion to dismiss the FCA lawsuit, the Court held that a grantee that certifies to the federal government that it will AFFH as a condition to its receipt of federal funds must analyze the existence and impact of race discrimination on housing opportunities and choice in its jurisdiction. 2007 Opinion, 495 F.Supp.2d at 376. Following the close of discovery, the plaintiff in the FCA lawsuit brought a motion for partial summary judgment, contending that there was no genuine issue that the County knowingly submitted seven false annual Certifications that it would AFFH. According to the qui tam relator, the Certifications were false because the County had failed to analyze
impediments to fair housing choice within the County in terms of race. In opposing the motion, the County continued to dispute that it was required to analyze race when analyzing impediments to fair housing choice, but also took the position that it had determined that racial segregation and discrimination were not significant barriers to fair housing choice within the County. 2009 Opinion, 668 F.Supp.2d at 551. Accordingly, when it disbursed HUD funds, the County had not deemed any municipalities within the Consortium to have failed to AFFH, nor had it deemed any municipalities to be impeding the County's ability to do so.[6] Id. at 559.
In the 2009 Opinion, this Court ruled that the County's certifications to HUD were false as a matter of law. Id. at 562. The Opinion found that the 2000 and 2004 AIs submitted by the County to HUD were devoted entirely to the lack of affordable housing in the County and related obstacles. The record contained " no evidence that either of the County's AIs during the false claims period analyzed race-based impediments to fair housing." Id. The Opinion observed that while federal law does not require the County to find evidence of racial discrimination or segregation where none exists, federal law does require that to obtain the HUD funds at issue . . ., the County had to maintain records of its analysis of whether race created an impediment to fair housing." Id. at 563. Because the County never performed the required analysis of race-based impediments to fair housing, it of course " never created a contemporaneous record of how its management of the HUD-acquired funds or any other 'appropriate' steps it could take would overcome the effect" of any impediments that did exist. Id. at 565. The Opinion observed that the
statutory and regulatory framework . . . impose[d] no duty on the County to undertake any particular course of action to overcome an impediment to fair housing . . ., [but did] require the recipient of the federal funds to certify that it will take " appropriate" actions to overcome the effect of the impediments to fair housing choice that its analysis has identified.
While the 2009 Opinion found that the County's Certifications were false, it denied summary judgment on the issue of the County's " knowing" submission of false claims. Id. at 567. Before the issue of the County's scienter could be tried, the United States filed a notice of intervention in the lawsuit and its own complaint against the County to recover under the FCA the damages it had sustained, as well as associated penalties due to the County knowingly presenting false claims to obtain federal funding for housing and community development. Simultaneously, on August 10, 2009, the United States and the County entered into a thirty-eight page Stipulation and Order of Settlement and Dismissal (" Settlement" ). Because of the treble damages provision of the FCA, had the County not settled the litigation, it was at risk of being found liable for over $150 million in damages.
B. Settlement of FCA Litigation
The Settlement acknowledged that the County receives federal funding from the CDBG, ESG and HOME programs, among others. It required the County to pay $8.4
million to the federal government and $2.5 million to the relator. In addition, the County was required to pay $21.6 million into the County's account with HUD. The Settlement provided that
HUD shall make those funds available to the County for the development of new affordable housing units that will AFFH in the County, provided that the County's use and expenditure of the funds, and any program income earned from the use of the funds, as defined by 24 C.F.R. § 570.500(a), shall be subject to the requirements of the CDBG program and other terms and conditions of the Settlement. Those other terms included the County's duty to ensure the development of at least 750 new affordable housing units within seven years of the Settlement. The Settlement described the criteria, including race-related criteria, for the placement of the new housing units. In addition, the County was required to add $30 million in County funds to this development effort. It also agreed that " [i]n the event that a municipality does not take actions needed to promote" or " undertakes actions that hinder" development of the 750 housing units, it would " use all available means as appropriate to address such action or inaction, including, but not limited to, taking legal action."
Another significant component of the Settlement was the appointment of a Monitor " for so long as the County's obligations" under the Settlement " remain unsatisfied." James E. Johnson of Debevoise & Plimpton LLP has been serving as the Monitor since August 2009. The Settlement provided that the Monitor would conduct compliance assessments every two years " to determine whether the County has taken all possible actions under" the Settlement, " including, but not limited to . . ., if necessary, taking legal action."
The Settlement included several other important components. Of particular interest to the current litigation are the following. The County explicitly acknowledged the importance of the obligation to AFFH, and committed to adopting a policy statement to that effect. It also promised to complete within 120 days an " AI within its jurisdiction that complies with the guidance in HUD's Fair Housing Planning Guide . . . . The AI must be deemed acceptable by HUD." (Emphasis added.) Besides identifying and analyzing the " impediments to fair housing within its jurisdiction, including impediments based on race or municipal resistance to the development of affordable housing," the County agreed that its AI would identify and analyze " the appropriate actions the County will take to address and overcome the effects of those impediments." In this respect, the Settlement closely tracks the language of HUD's regulations defining the AFFH duty. See, e.g., 24 C.F.R. § 91.225(a)(1).
The County made several other critical commitments in the Settlement, one of which became the subject of litigation in the ensuing years. The County agreed that it would " promote, through the County Executive, legislation currently before the Board of Legislators to ban 'source-of-income' discrimination in housing."
III. The County's AIs and HUD's Rejections: 2009 to 2013
The County has never provided an AI to HUD that HUD deemed acceptable, despite its explicit commitment in the Settlement to do so. Since the Settlement, HUD has withheld funds from the County and in some instances reallocated funds initially earmarked for the County to other jurisdictions. The description of the ensuing
years of application and rejection is organized around the AIs the County has submitted to HUD. The final AI and its two supplements, submitted to HUD in 2013, preceded the two HUD letters that are the principal focus of the County's summary judgment motion: the letters of August 9, 2013 and July 18, 2014.
A. 2010
In 2010, the County submitted a late and incomplete AI. Pursuant to the schedule set forth in the Settlement, the County's Settlement-compliant AI was due December 8, 2009. The County requested an extension to January 20, 2010, which HUD granted, and then another extension to September 30, 2010. HUD granted an extension to June 30, 2010. Five days before that deadline, the County asked for an extension to July 31, 2010. HUD consented to an extension to July 23, 2010.
The County submitted a revised AI to HUD on July 23, 2010. HUD rejected the County's AFFH certification on December 21, 2010. HUD observed that the AI " provides data and identifies many issues central to furthering fair housing choice," but failed " to make any material link between those impediments and the actions the County will take to overcome them." In its detailed six-page letter, HUD described five actions the County could take to make its AI acceptable, including identifying the steps it would take to overcome exclusionary zoning practices. HUD notified the County that it would take formal action on the CPD Funds if the County did not submit an acceptable AI by April 1, 2011. Following its December 21 rejection of the AI, HUD contacted the County on several occasions to offer technical assistance with the required analysis.
In 2011, after the United States Attorney's Office notified the County that it would bring an enforcement action, the County submitted another AI. In response to the AI, HUD listed six restrictive zoning practices that the County's future submissions should address. When the County submitted another AI, HUD deemed that submission inadequate as well. The parties then took their disputes to the Monitor. A more detailed description of these events follows.
1. April 13, 2011 AI
On March 24, 2011, one week before its AI was due, the County asked for an extension to May 1, 2011 to submit a revised AI. HUD denied the request, noting the County's delays in responding to HUD's offers of assistance and its delays more generally. HUD warned that it would request that the United States Attorney seek enforcement of the Settlement or pursue administrative remedies if an acceptable AI were not received. The County did not submit an AI on April 1, and on April 6, the United States Attorney advised the County it would act to enforce the Settlement by April 14.
The County submitted an AI on April 13, 2011. On April 28, HUD refused to approve the new AI, referring once again to the County's commitment in the Settlement to complete an AI acceptable to HUD. HUD advised the County that its rejection applied to CPD programs covered by the County's FY2011 Action Plan.
On May 13, 2011, HUD explained the reasons for the April 28 rejection of the AI, which it characterized as " substantially incomplete and unacceptable to HUD." In the nine-page letter, HUD identified seven major deficiencies. Among other things, HUD explained, the County had not adequately examined the availability of family rental housing, barriers related to patterns of racial and ethnic segregation, exclusionary zoning, and the location of affordable
housing. In connection with exclusionary zoning analyses, the letter identified six zoning practices the County needed to address: (1) restrictions that limit or prohibit multifamily housing; (2) restrictions on the size of a development; (3) restrictions directed at Section 8 or other affordable housing; [7] (4) restrictions that directly or indirectly limit the number of bedrooms in a unit; (5) restrictions on lot size or other density requirements that encourage single family housing or restrict multifamily housing; and (6) restrictions on townhouse development (collectively, " Restrictive Practices" ). The letter noted the connection between the location of affordable housing and patterns of racial segregation, explaining that the County's discussion of affordable housing " [did] not adequately address how it will reduce segregation." Over three days in June, HUD provided the County with technical assistance for a further revision of its AI.
2. July 11, 2011 AI
On July 11, 2011, the County submitted another revised AI. HUD rejected that AI on July 13, 2011. HUD found that the revision did not meet the Settlement's requirements and did not incorporate the corrective actions identified in HUD's May 2011 letter. In particular, HUD pointed to the AI's failure to address deficiencies in the " promotion of source-of-income legislation [and its] plans to overcome exclusionary zoning practices." Both parties subsequently sought review before the Monitor. In its submission to the Monitor, the County committed to identifying specific zoning practices that may have " exclusionary impacts," and, as a last resort, to bringing legal action against a municipality when a particular project is blocked or hindered by its exclusionary zoning ordinance. U.S. ex rel. Anti-Discrimination Ctr. of Metro New York, Inc. v. Westchester Cnty., N.Y., No. 06cv2860 (DLC), 2011 WL 7563042, at *6, *8 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 14, 2011) (" Monitor's 2011 Report" ).
On November 17, 2011, the Monitor issued a report concluding that the County was " in breach of its obligation [under the Settlement] to promote certain 'Source of Income' legislation." It also concluded that, " under the terms of the Settlement, the County should analyze zoning ordinances in connection with the AI," and found that completion of such analysis would be " appropriate" by February 29, 2012. Id. at *1. The Monitor explicitly endorsed the six Restrictive Practices HUD listed in the May 2011 letter, whose impact on racial disparities the County should, " at a minimum," assess. Id. at *7. The Monitor also concluded that the County had to identify the types of zoning practices that would lead the County to pursue legal action, if not remedied by the municipality, and the circumstances that would warrant its use of litigation. Id. at *9. The Monitor did not, however, address the propriety of HUD's rejection of the AI or the adequacy of the County's AFFH certification because such issues were not " properly joined." Id. at *1.
In 2012, the parties litigated the findings in the Monitor's report. Ultimately, the Monitor's findings were adopted by the Court. In addition, the County submitted a document in response to HUD's demand that it address the Restrictive Practices. HUD rejected that document, explaining its reasons for doing so in detail. HUD reminded the County again that it was in jeopardy of losing its FY2011 CPD Funds.
Following litigation, the County was required to provide the Monitor with data that was relevant to an analysis of the zoning ordinances in the municipalities within the ...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Utah To Seize Land, Challenge Federal Dominance Of Western States
National, Politics
'Transfer of Public Lands Act' demands Washington relinquish 31.2 million acres by Dec. 31
In three weeks, Utah intends to seize control of 31.2 million acres of its own land now under the control of the federal government. At least, that's the plan.
In an unprecedented challenge to federal dominance of Western state lands, Utah Gov. Gary Herbert in 2012 signed the "Transfer of Public Lands Act," which demands that Washington relinquish its hold on the land, which represents more than half of the state's 54.3 million acres, by Dec. 31.
So far, however, the federal government hasn't given any indication that it plans to cooperate. Still, state Rep. Ken Ivory, who sponsored the legislation, isn't deterred.
"That's what you do any time you're negotiating with a partner. You set a date," said Mr. Ivory. "Unfortunately, our federal partner has decided they don't want to negotiate in good faith. So we'll move forward with the four-step plan that the governor laid out."
In other words, there won't be any escorting of federal officials by state troopers to the eastern border. Instead, he said, state officials will proceed with a program of education, negotiation, legislation and litigation.
"We're going to move forward and use all the resources at our disposal," said Mr. Ivory, who also heads the American Lands Council, which advocates the relinquishing of federal lands to the control of the states.
With the 2012 law, Utah placed itself on the cutting edge of the heated debate over public lands in the West. The federal government controls more than 50 percent of the land west of Kansas — in Utah's case, it's 64.5 percent, a situation that has increasingly resulted in tensions across the Rocky Mountain West.
Those in favor of the state taking control of federal lands were buoyed by a report Monday that concluded the idea was financially feasible. Entitled "An Analysis of a Transfer of Federal Lands to the State of Utah," the 784-page analysis found that Utah was capable of managing that property, now under the control of the Bureau of Land Management and Forest Service.
"I expect that public discussion will be well served by this report. It shows the complexities and connections between Utah's robust economy and the great quality of life Utahans enjoy," Mr. Herbert said in a statement.
The report, conducted over 18 months by analysts at three state universities, found that Utah would incur an additional $280 million in costs to manage the lands, but would bring in some $331.7 million in royalties from mineral resources development, mainly oil and gas. Currently Utah receives only half the royalties from drilling that is allowed on federal lands inside its borders.
The study also found that while small amounts of federal ownership could stimulate economic growth in counties, such management becomes a "drag" on most counties after they reach 40 percent to 45 percent ownership, adding that, "twenty of Utah's 29 counties exceed this threshold."
On the other side of the debate is the environmental movement, led by the Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance, which argues that transferring federal lands to state control "makes it harder to protect Utah's wild lands for all Americans." Washington, environmentalists argue, is a better steward of Utah's natural riches than Salt Lake City.
Read more: http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/dec/3/utah-to-seize-own-land-from-government-challenge-f/#ixzz3L3QfPMrb
Posted by Horatio Bunce
challenge to federal dominance
Rep. Ken Ivory
Seize Land
9 Western States Talk Takeover of Federal Lands, How Bundy Made It Front and Center
Barbara Boxer Unfazed by Truth Rails Against Keystone XL
Obama Campaign Team In Israel To Coach Anti-Netanyahu Group:
Newer PostWhat? Obama Never Actually Signed an Immigration Executive Order?
Older PostObama Accused Of 'Sleight Of Hand' To Protect Self From Impeachment
steve December 6, 2014, 10:28 am
the regime is hiring paper processors , federalizing some borderlands in AZ & NM : for 'safe areas' out of the reach of local law enforcement , and border patrol will be rendered 'escorts' for those there to the paper pushers. any additional personnel will be 'escorts' too. They are setting up a conveyer belt , under executive control.


This apartment of 76 m² (about 817 ft²), built in 1979 comprises 3 rooms including 2 bedrooms, 1 bathroom and 1 toilet. It is provided with a living room of 27,81 m² (about 299 ft²), with a fitted separate kitchen and with a garage. It's located on the 2nd floor. Heating : individual gaz.


text:
You will arrive as a customer and always leave as a friend !!!
Click on photos to enlarge
The building which now is the present taverna, has been in the possession of Perikles and his family for more than a century. The building was build in 1892 by the grandfather of Perikles. The top floor was the house that the family lived in and downstairs was the "kafeneion" with the dread oven and the olive press.
The kafeneion thrived throughout difficult economic times and through the two world wars. Perikles grandfather used to tell him that in comparison with other places during the Second World War, life in Agni was much easier, despite the fact that German and Italian forces had two army stations in the area. The one in Agni can still be seen on the headland, next to the taverna in the bay. Times though were hard due to the lack of food because of the occupation. The villagers used to secretly slip over to Albania with boats once a week in order to trade their local products with some basic food like rice.
Perikles remembers that life in 1960 before tourism in Corfu was harsh, with a few opportunities of work, families would help each other. The day started very early for Perikles family.
Perikles mother used to pick olives with her hands and also picked olives for other families in order to increase her family's income.
Perikles was leaving for school at 7.00 am walking through the mountains of Agni in order to reach the school of the village.
When school was finishing Perikles was returning back home in order to collect olives with his grandfather. All the villagers used to gather their olives to the communal olive press to make olive oil.
During those days transport was limited with only two choices, either by sea, if weather permitted, or by land with buses running twice a week with destinations Corfu or Kassiopi. Due to very old vehicles and bad conditioned roads, the timetables were inaccurate and the buses always over – crowded.
The idea of the Taverna
At the end of 1973, tourism was at the increase in Corfu. Perikles then asked his father to take over the running of the "kafeneion", so he could transform it into a taverna.In those early days of tourism, this was a major undertaking. Perikles managed to gather all the building materials in their small boat by sea, since the road did not exist then, and they started restoring and re-building. On the 1st of May 1974 they re-opened in the now present traditional taverna.
The first few years of the taverna
Perikles always remembers the first tourists that walked down the path to the taverna. The tourists remembered Perikles since he used to work at Nissaki Hotel, where they used to spend their holidays.Since then their friendship lasts up to now, since they every year visit the taverna to see Perikles.
After the first year, with Perikles gaining more experience, he decided to increase the five tables up to ten.
Perikles mother and aunt did all the cooking and his father at day time used to fetch people from Nissaki Hotel to the taverna in his small boat.
The fishermen of the area then saw the opportunity and started also to offer the same service with their boats. Perikles informed the tourists about the boat service by hanging a small notice in the Hotel. Slowly the news started spreading around and the boat service was a major success.


text:
Eubranchipus uchidai är en kräftdjursart som först beskrevs av Akio Kikuchi 1957.  Eubranchipus uchidai ingår i släktet Eubranchipus och familjen Chirocephalidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Gälbladfotingar
uchidai

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
209,000 New Jobs In July As Unemployment Dips To 4.3 Percent
By Rachel Martin,
John Ydstie
Published August 4, 2017 at 8:17 AM CDT
There are new jobs numbers out today. U.S. job growth beat expectations in July. That's according to the government's monthly employment report. The unemployment rate also returned to a 16-year low. NPR's John Ydstie joins us to talk about all of this. Hey, John.
JOHN YDSTIE, BYLINE: Hi, Rachel.
MARTIN: A better-than-expected report - what's it tell us about the economy?
YDSTIE: Well, I think it tells us the economy continues to grow at a solid, if not spectacular, pace. And it may be strengthening a bit. The economy added 209,000 jobs in July. That's about 25,000 more than the average for this year. A lot of people have thought job growth would tail off as this economic recovery, which is now eight years old, gets more mature. And we get low unemployment, which makes the labor market tighter.
MARTIN: So the unemployment rate - we say it's returning to a 16-year low because we also touched that mark back in May.
YDSTIE: Right.
MARTIN: Now we're back there again. We're at a 4.3 unemployment rate. How significant is it?
YDSTIE: You know, it's an important milestone. It would seem to suggest that the country is running out of workers, which could end up being a barrier to faster growth. But it's not clear the unemployment rate is capturing all the people in the economy who might work if offered the right job at good wages. There are still a lot of people in prime working age group between 25 and 54 years of age who are on the sidelines, not actively looking for work. So they're not counted as unemployed. But as wages have inched up, more of them are being enticed to come back into the workforce and take jobs. There's some evidence of that happening in this report because it shows the U.S. workforce grew by almost 350,000 in July.
MARTIN: So you mentioned wages are inching up. Is that right? Because they've been so stagnant for so long.
YDSTIE: Yes. Hourly wages in this report rose three-tenths of a percent - doesn't sound like much. But it's better than in recent months. And if that number were repeated for a year, we'd be up where we should be at this point in a recovery. So we'll have to see. Of course, everyone doesn't get the average wage increase. There's a great deal of variation in wages. If you're in Boston, Seattle or San Francisco, you're probably getting more than that average wage increase. If you're in Houston or Atlanta, you could be getting less. And, of course, it depends on what kind of work you do. If you're in health care tech, you're probably seeing big wage gains. If you're a retail buyer, not so much.
MARTIN: And just briefly, any particular industry doing exceptionally well here?
YDSTIE: Leisure, hospitality, health care. No industry had significant losses last month.
MARTIN: All right. NPR's John Ydstie, thank you so much.
YDSTIE: You're welcome. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
John Ydstie has covered the economy, Wall Street, and the Federal Reserve at NPR for nearly three decades. Over the years, NPR has also employed Ydstie's reporting skills to cover major stories like the aftermath of Sept. 11, Hurricane Katrina, the Jack Abramoff lobbying scandal, and the implementation of the Affordable Care Act. He was a lead reporter in NPR's coverage of the global financial crisis and the Great Recession, as well as the network's coverage of President Trump's economic policies. Ydstie has also been a guest host on the NPR news programs Morning Edition, All Things Considered, and Weekend Edition. Ydstie stepped back from full-time reporting in late 2018, but plans to continue to contribute to NPR through part-time assignments and work on special projects.
See stories by John Ydstie


text:
How Much Have I Saved on Electricity Bill?
By The Boy Who Procrastinates - May 15, 2021
With the nationwide launch of the Open Electricity Market (OEM) back in 2018, I have made the switch to an electricity retailer, Geneco in March 2019.
It was a fixed price electricity plan at 17.78 cents/kWh for a contract duration of 24 months. The alternative that was on the table was a 22% discount off the electricity tariff.
Now as the contract has expired, I have consolidated sufficient data to determine how much I have saved since the switch. This can also help to answer if I have made the wise choice in deciding between the 2 electricity plans.
For the avoidance of doubt, all figures presented are inclusive of GST.
Electricity Tariff
Before the rollout of OEM, residential consumers in Singapore can only purchase electricity directly from SP Group which was the sole electricity retailer then.
The tariff set by SP Services is reviewed each quarter and is regulated by the Electricity Market Authority.
This regulated tariff translates to the price of electricity that consumers are paying on their usage.
Currently, about 95 per cent of Singapore's electricity is generated using imported natural gas.
Given that the prices of natural gas are indexed to oil prices, fluctuations in the tariff rate are commonly observed in the above chart.
Comparison of Electricity Plans
With information on the quarterly household electricity tariff, we can now compare the two electricity plans — namely the fixed price of 17.78 cents/kWh and 22% discount off tariff.
As shown in the chart, the discounted rate off tariff has fallen below the fixed rate in 2 quarters, namely Q3 2020 and Q1 2021. This coincides with the trend of the electricity tariff that has declined 14.86% and 3.13% from the previous quarter.
From the graph, it appears that the fixed price plan is more cost saving when there has been an increase in tariff or when it is moving sideway. Discount off tariff is favorable in the event of a considerable decline in the tariff.
However, given that the tariff trend is unpredictable, I have opted for fixed rate plan for peace of mind.
Amount saved on Electricity Bills
With information of my monthly household electricity consumption, I am able to deduce and compute the electricity bills based on regulated tariff, 22% discount off the electricity tariff and fixed rate plans.
Comparing the total electricity bills over the duration of 24 months, it appears that the fixed rate plan costs the least at $1,280, approximately 5.4% cheaper than the 22% discount off tariff plan.
By switching to an electricity retailer, I have saved $454 with the fixed rate plan, which is calculated to be 26.2% cheaper than the regulated tariff plan.
Switching out of Geneco
Upon expiry of the 24 months contract with Geneco, I have managed to switch out of Geneco and transfer to SP Wholesale plan.
However, the overall process of transferring electricity account has not been a smooth experience for me.
Based on the FAQ listed on the website, the contract will be automatically renewed upon expiry of the existing contract. Therefore, consumers should notify their intent to switch 30 days prior to the contract expiry. If no action has been taken, the contract will be renewed for the same duration of the initial contract (24 months in my scenario).
With the intention to switch out, I have written in to request for transfer to SP upon contract expiry. However, weeks passed and I have not heard from the team on my termination request.
After a few tries, I have managed to put through the request verbally after reaching the customer service officer on the line. Thereafter, I have received an email confirmation on the electricity account transfer to SP.
And I would have thought that this marks the end of relationship with Geneco until they have informed that my contract has been renewed one month later.
Logging on to the Geneco portal, it was shown that the contract has been renewed, lasting till 2023 at 18.83 cents/kWh.😱
This came as a shock to me and has caused much distress as the notification was sent on weekend and there was no way I can seek immediate assistance from the customer service officers to clarify on this matter.
Eventually, the issue was resolved when they have explained that an internal system error has triggered the update on the contract, thus allowing me to heave a sigh of relief.
Currently, I have switched to the SP Wholesale plan. A comparison with the plans offered by electricity retailers will be made once there is sufficient data to explore with. Stay tuned!
If you do not wish to miss out on any articles, you may consider following the facebook page for timely update.
Disclaimer: Kindly note that this is not a sponsored post. The author is in no way affiliated with Geneco and/or SP Group and does not receive any form of remuneration for this post. The Boy who Procrastinates has compiled the information for his own reference, with the hope that it will benefit others as well.
Glenn Hannan 21 September 2021 at 00:53
Your website is very beautiful or Articles. I love it thank you for sharing for everyone. Power Connection
The Boy who Procrastinates
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The demand for MDS trays has steadily risen over the past years. Currently, every patient that is discharged from hospital with a domiciliary care package, and who needs medication, is supplied with a MDS tray automatically. Once on a MDS, patients tend to stay on them, even if at some point in the future, their ability to cope with their medicines without a tray improves.
As these patients have a domiciliary care package i.e. home help, their MDS tray is not provided solely under the terms of the Equality Act.
MDS provision on discharge puts a huge strain on hospital pharmacy as the patients discharge is often arranged with very little notice. Hospital pharmacies may get almost no notice of the need to prepare a MDS tray. Similarly, community pharmacies often get asked for MDS following discharge with little or no notice. There is a cost to preparing and supplying MDS trays for these carers, which is not included in the national pharmacy contract.
Therefore, patients who enter hospital, who are not on a MDS tray, will not be discharged with a MDS tray. If they require medicines on discharge then these will be supplied in original packs with a MAR Chart. Note: Patients who come into hospital using a MDS tray will still be discharged on a MDS tray.
We are asking community pharmacies to continue to support patients with their medication, but rather than preparing a MDS tray, they should supply medication in original packs along with a standardised MAR chart, hopefully saving you money and time.


Yup, if you're planning on buying from either Peaches and Pebbles or Ebony Fawn for Mother's Day, you'd better do so now! I'm making my last post run before Mother's Day tomorrow, early afternoon, so place your orders tonight or early tomorrow morning to get them out in time.
This obviously only applies to UK's Mothering Sunday, which is March 30th. Mother's Day in other countries is May 11th, so if you're planning to get something from my shops for that date instead, please be sure to purchase by April 20th at the latest. Any purchases placed after then may well not reach you in time. It takes, on average, 2-3 weeks to get from the UK to the US and 3-4 for other countries, but often sooner - but I don't think it's worth taking the risk.


If you are at all interested in writing on the Internet — blogging, website content, whatever — pay special attention to the NEXT article I'll be posting to this site. We're going to enjoy an immense amount of practical, detailed information about online writing from a guest.
The article I'm referring to is "Getting more visitors to your old website content," written by an online friend of mine, "Hospitalera." She's a good content writer in her own right, and she's offering some excellent information in that article to help you get more people to come to your online writing and read it. And, after all, that's what online writing is all about, professionally speaking anyway: getting "traffic" to your articles; visitors who will read and act on the articles you put online.
You can read more about Hospitalera at the bottom of her article in the "Author's Bio" she was gracious enough to include. She's a very private person, but that's not a bad thing in this "tell-everyone-online-everything" culture we're creating. She's experienced at this online writing game, and I know you can only benefit by giving a careful reading and rereading to the practical steps she shares for revitalizing (or maybe just initially "vitalizing"?) your blogs or other websites.
I'm in the process of giving her guest article a read-through and edit right now. So you won't see it, probably, before tomorrow. (I know, you don't have a date reference for that; just trust me that it'll be soon.) But it will definitely be worth the wait for those of you looking for excellent ideas to help you research and write online.
Now if you'll excuse me, I'll get back to reading and editing Hospitalera's article. Fascinating stuff, and I promise I'll have it for you soon, complete with links within this article so you can easily maneuver between my "intro" here and her very worthwhile information. Wow, did you know … oh, OK, I'll shut up now and get her article up and running ASAP.


If you're sitting on a beach holding a coconut drink topped with an umbrella, odds are you're drinking rum. And while we won't deny that rum is a great base for cocktails, there is more to it than piña coladas and daiquiris.
Rum is made from sugarcane byproducts such as molasses, or directly from sugarcane juice. Since it is one of the world's most ill defined spirits, its standards differ drastically from nation to nation. These lax regulations have led to a vast variety of rums produced throughout the world, although the majority of rum production occurs in the Caribbean and Latin America.
Light Rums (also known as silver or white rums) are colorless and generally have a light flavor. However, colorless does not always mean un-aged or uninteresting; some are barrel-aged and charcoal-filtered, which gives the heft and body of dark rums without the oaky taste.
Gold Rums (also known as amber rums) are medium-bodied rums that are commonly aged several years in wooden barrels, giving them their darker color. They have more flavor and a stronger taste than light rums.
Dark Rums (also referred to as black rum) are generally aged longer than gold rums. The barrels used to mature them are often heavily charred which imparts much of the wood's strong flavors.
Overproof Rums are simply rums that are over 50% alcohol. U.S. regulations prevent rums over 155 proof from entering the U.S. (under most circumstances) so many manufacturers produce rums in the 150 proof range.
Navy Rums refer to the traditional dark, full-bodied rums associated with the British Royal Navy. In the mid 1600s, the Royal Navy "adopted" rum because it improved as it aged in barrels aboard ships while grape-based spirits went bad in the heat of the tropics.
Flavored Rums are infused with fruit flavors and are generally less than 40% alcohol.
Premium Aged Rums are aged in oak barrels for years and generally blended to achieve a superior flavor profile. Their interaction with the wood increases the smoothness, the richness and the subtle flavors of the rum.
So that's rum in a nutshell. Now you can get back to drinking that umbrella drink on the beach.


Community Members participating in a room have the ability to choose a wall and export the wall into a Zip Archive.
The export will highlight some of your options that are available.
Export only the items you selected on the wall or Export ALL wall items.
Choose Export Type - Zip Archive, PowerPoint or PDF (moveable walls only).
Tip: For those without PowerPoint, pptx exports can be opened in Keynote.
Check your email! You will receive an email notification stating your export when it is ready to be downloaded. Exports are only available for 72 hours, if you don't download your export with in that time you will need to trigger a new export.
Click "View export details and download file" for it to bring you to the export details. This will highlight the size of the export, the wall you exported and the export options you chose. Then click download to obtain the Zip Archive.
The Zip Archive was created with two ways to view the content - Images, Sticky and Link information or JSON Files.
Your Zip will include the Room and Wall name including the export date.
View the Files Folder for All the Images on the wall. The Links.csv includes all the URL links from the wall and Notes.csv includes the content from each sticky note along with the authors name, sticky color and more.
If you are looking to process Batterii exports in order to import your wall content into another system these are the files you will need. A developer can use this information to convert your Batterii content into the new system.
View your personal export history by selecting "Your Exports" from your Profile dropdown.
Tip: Do you have a bunch of cards or images in your room that you would like to print? You can! Just export them from your wall into a .zip and they will be located under the "files" folder. Cards will be created as a PDF and Images will maintain the original format (jpeg or png).


text:
Biografia
Francis Marrash è nato ad Aleppo, città della Siria ottomana (l'odierna Siria), da un'antica e rispettato melchita famiglia noto per i suoi interessi letterari. Butros Marrash († 1818), un parente di Francis, è stato ucciso dai fondamentalisti ortodossi per le sue opinioni religiose; Fathallah, il padre di Francis, ha scritto un libro blasfemo e ha creato un altro scandalo. Era un uomo di lettere, e aveva costruito una grande biblioteca privata a dare i suoi tre figli Francis, Abdallah e Maryana una formazione completa, in particolare nel campo della lingua araba e della letteratura. Aleppo era allora un importante centro letterario e filosofico dell'impero ottomano, con molti pensatori e scrittori interessati con il futuro degli arabi.

Fu nelle scuole religiose francesi che la famiglia Marrash imparò l'arabo con il francese e altre lingue straniere (italiano ed inglese). Ma Francis aveva già studiato privatamente la lingua araba e la sua letteratura. Ha poi ricevuto lezioni private di medicina per quattro anni da un medico inglese e praticò la medicina per un anno.

Alla fine, suo padre Fathallah e suo fratello Abdallah hanno raggiunto una certa fama letteraria, mentre Maryana ha portato la tradizione dei salotti letterari di nuovo nel Medio Oriente, e fu la prima donna a scrivere sulla stampa araba.

Kahlil Gibran fu un grande ammiratore di Marrash. Egli aveva studiato le opere di quest'ultimo al-Hikma scuola a Beirut. Secondo Shmuel Moreh, Gibran potrebbe essere stato ispirato dallo stile e alcune idee di Marrash.

Le opere

Le opere famose
Dalīl al-ḥurrīyah al-insānīyah, 1861.
Al-mir'āt al-ṣafīyah fī al-mābādi' al-ṭabī'īyah, 1861.
Ta'zīyat al-makrūb wa-rāḥat al-mat'ūb, 1864.
Ghābat al-ḥaqq fī tafṣīl al-akhlāq al-fāḍilah, c. 1865.
Riḥlat Bārīs, 1867.
Kitāb dalīl al-ṭabī'ah, c. 1867.
Al-kunūz al-fanīyah fī al-rumūz al-maymūnīyah, 1870.
Mashhad al-aḥwāl, 1870.
Durr al-ṣadaf fī gharā'ib al-ṣudaf, 1872
Mir'āt al-ḥasnā', 1872.
Shahādat al-ṭabī'ah fī wujūd Allāh wa-al-sharī'ah, 1892 (posthumous).

Gli articoli
"Al-marʾah bayna al-khushūnah wa-al-tamaddun", al-Jinān, 1872.
"Fī ta'līm al-marʾah", al-Jinān, 1872.

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Arabi cristiani
Letteratura araba


Returns up to 14 days after shipping date for incorrectly described items and will be accepted at purchase value plus paid P&H.
This stamp has obviously been reperved both on top and on bottem.
Please remove me from your spam list!
Thank you for your message and for your comment on the listed Canadian stamp, SC#64/SG#139. While I'm not an expert on Canadian stamps, I have double checked the perfs on this stamp and find that it is perf 12 on all four sides in accordance with both Scott's & Gibbons catalogs. The stamp is also the same physical size as other stamps in this series. I try my best to list each lot accurately & to the best of my ability.
If you desire to be removed from the HipStamp controlled email list for my store, please unsubscribe using the link at the bottom of the email that you received from directly from HipStamp. I don't have access to the data base to be able to unsubscribe you.
I'm sorry to think that because we may have a different view of one stamp, that you would think that I intentionally list flawed stamps without identifying them as such. As I stated above, I try my best to list each lot accurately and to the best of my ability and I might add, with the resources available to me.
Please reconsider your decision to be removed from the mailing list for my store. I probably do have numerous stamps that meet your quality standards.
Thank you again for your contact and please be well.


text:
Indian Prairie D204 extends school year because of snow day; property taxes paid in 2019 projected to rise
The Indian Prairie District 204 School Board tweaked the 2018-19 calendar this week, which included shifting the end of the school year for student to June 3 from May 30 to accommodate the Nov. 26 snow day. (Suzanne Baker/Naperville Sun)
An impromptu day off in November thanks to a snowstorm means students will be in school one day more than originally planned.
The end of the school in Indian Prairie District 204 is tentatively slated for June 3, provided no additional emergency days are necessary.
The school board tweaked the 2018-19 calendar this week, which included shifting the end of the school year from May 30 to accommodate the Nov. 26 snow day. Teachers will have to report through June 4.
The revised calendar the board adopted also gives students a day off school April 19.
Originally the school board had scheduled school on that day, which is also Good Friday for Christians, but administrators raised concerns about the availability of finding substitute teachers that day.
Taxes to rise in District 204
The owners of a $300,000 home in the Indian Prairie School District can expect to pay about $49 more on the District 204 portion of their property tax bill as a result of board approving its tax levy this week.
No one attended the hearing the district hosted regarding the tax request.
As a result of the approval, the district will ask the county clerks in DuPage and Will counties to collect $264.9 million from taxpayers to run the schools and $27.2 million for bonds and interest, bringing the total to $292.1 million.
More than 80 percent of the district's revenues come from property taxes.
The levy request is 3.9 percent more than the last year's extension, though Chief School Business Official Jay Strang expects the actual disbursement will be closer to 3.1 percent.
Cell tower contract extended
A lease agreement between Indian Prairie District 204 and the owner of two cell phone towers will be extended through 2043.
Towers owned and operated by Crown Castle are located on property that is part of Neuqua Valley High School in Naperville and Waubonsie Valley High School in Aurora.
Under the revised agreement, District 204 will receive a one-time 10 percent rent increase on the date the original agreement expires and 3 percent annual rent increases instead of a flat amount every five years, which had been part of the old contract.
In addition, the district will receive 20 percent of revenues brought in by future subtenants.
One lease was set to expire Nov. 30, 2019, and other Nov. 30, 2025.


text:
Q: How do I allow user to select timezone in Angular2 ? Is there such a country/ timezone control picker? I am unable to find an angular 2 control that will allow selection of a country and timezone (such as US-Los Angeles, etc.). Please guide.
thanks

A: You should use moment JS:
https://momentjs.com/timezone/docs/
There are a lot of tutorials and questions asked and answered about this on stackoverflow, here are several examples of how to do this:
How to Include moment-timezone in Angular 2 App
https://www.npmjs.com/package/angular2-moment
How to use moment-timezone in Angular 2 class?
https://github.com/mishguruorg/angular-timezone-selector

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


While many bed bugs hide in mattresses, some may also hide in a sofa or chair, or behind wall paper or pictures. Thoroughness is the only real way to get rid of bed bugs. Every corner and crevice needs to be searched. As you might guess, this means that simply getting rid of an infected mattress will not solve the problem.
Since their reappearance, researchers have found that the new Bed Bugs are much more resistant to chemicals that have previously been in use. Insecticides that are often used for roaches and similar insects are ineffective. Bed bugs, in particular, require professional pest control management.
ARAB Termite & Pest Control uses an integrated approach to bed bug control. We use a combination of pesticides, physical barriers, traps, and monitors. Using this approach along with your cooperation we have a proven track record of ridding hotels, apartments, and houses of bed bugs. We offer free inspections and quotes, or give us a call and we can answer any questions you may have.


Not only is whey protein fantastic post exercise, it's also great to use throughout the day to support blood sugar and reduce food cravings. Whey protein assists you to stay fuller longer, so it pleases your appetite. Labrada supplements were established to assist you reach your goals of achieving a healthy and in shape body for life. With that in mind, things like benefit and portability are very important, and that's why we created Lean Body for Her 100% Whey Protein Concentrate in a simple, re-sealable bag.


Ultra Air takes hybrid to a new level, offering increased cold weather flexibility over competitive hoses. When uncoiled, this hose lays flat making it easier to use with no interruption in air flow or tripping hazards. Ideal for general purpose applications.
The blend of materials offers the best of both worlds - lighter in weight than rubber and more flexible than PVC (polyvinyl chloride). High performance flexibility even in extreme cold. The bright fluorescent colour reduces the chance of accidents. The bend restrictors reduce kinking and increase the life of the hose.


text:
Q: Why does CMake generator for Unix Makefiles delete files? I have a rather complex CMake configuration, which contains several execute_process commands which create files during the configuration stage. Sometimes after some changes in the CMake configuration the generation stage deletes these files. I can reproduce that.
I've checked that the files exist after the configuration stage but are gone after the Makefile generation and before actually calling make.
The files are created in some cases simply by ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy and in other cases by calling a script with ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -P which contains a configure_file call to replace some placeholders in a template.
The files are created in the source tree. Their purpose is to provide the developer with some initial code. When the developer has edited the files, they should be committed to version control and not be re-created again unless they are missing. I have add_custom_commands to recreate the files if they're missing, but those are not the culprit.
I know, you'd prefer a simple test example, but unfortunately this is not so easy to create, so my question is:
What might be the cause and how can I debug that?
Unfortunately, the --trace options of cmake do not give any log data about the generation stage.
Versions

*

*OS: Ubuntu 16.04

*CMake 3.5.1 (belonging to Ubuntu 16.04)

Update
I've compiled CMake itself with the current master commit (696b2d4) and the behavior is still the same.
By running CMake under a debugger I've discovered that the line
cmSystemTools::RemoveFile(fname);

in function cmGlobalGenerator::CheckRuleHashes(std::string const& pfile, std::string const& home) actually deletes the files. It is called from cmGlobalGenerator::Generate().

A: With further debugging (see update in the question) I've found the cause of my problem.
CMake's behavior
CMake's global generator creates the file ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/CMakeFiles/CMakeRuleHashes.txt. It contains a line for every custom command with outputs. Each line contains a hash and the path to the first output of the custom command.
The hash is made over the current binary dir of the custom command and the entire content of the COMMAND arguments of add_custom_command.
On generation CMake executes cmGlobalGenerator::CheckRuleHashes to check if the hashes are still up to date. If a hash is not up to date the corresponding output file will be removed, obviously to trigger re-execution of the custom command in the build stage.
Cause of my problem
As mentioned in the question I execute the file creation command with execute_process during configuration and call add_custom_command with the same file creation command to trigger re-creation of the file in case it was missing.
So, CMake creates a hash line in its CMakeRuleHashes.txt for the file to be created.
Some of my add_custom_command calls are contained in a CMake file included from different CMakeLists.txt belonging to different sub-directories of the source. Depending on my actual configuration only specific sub-directories are added with add_subdirectory.
Thus, because the sub-directory is part of the hash of the custom command, the hash changes depending on the sub-directory added which includes the custom command. The changed hash then causes the deletion of the output file.
Conclusion
I have to redesign my CMake configuration to resolve the dependency of the custom command on the CMake binary directory.
Debugging generation stage
This could be done by compiling CMake itself as Debug build type and run it under a debugger.


Computer Programming, Data Structures and Algorithms, Probabilities and Statistics, Operating Systems, Telecommunications Networks and Systems.
30 hours of theoretical lectures, 30 hours of practical laboratory sessions.
Laboratory practical work: sockets programming, development of a simple WWW server, utilization of tools for protocol analysis, simulation of computer networks.
Wide scope knowledge about the structure and operation of computer networks and about Internet distributed applications, including security and management issues. Basic knowledge about sockets programming and development of client/server applications. Knowledge about tools for protocol analysis and network simulation.
Structure and history of the Internet. Protocol architecture. Application layer. Transport layer. Network layer. Link layer and local area networks. Wireless networks. Security in computer networks. Management of computer networks. Multimedia applications.
James F. Kurose and Keith W. Ross, Computer Networking – A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet (4th edition), Pearson Education, Inc., 2007.
Fred Halsall, Computer Networking and the Internet (5th edition), Pearson Education Ltd., 2005.


If you have an old furnace that needs replacement, Hays Plumbing & Heating can help. You may have a furnace or boiler that needs replacement due to old age or not having proper furnace maintenance.
We offer heating and cooling installation for your furnace or boiler replacement. There are many different brands that we service and can install including Weil-McClain, HB Smith, Teledyne Laars, Vaillant, Hydro-Therm, Burnham Boilers, and many other brands. If you are not sure what heating system you have, give us a call and we can stop by and take a look and get you a quote to have that replaced. Your furnace may not need to be replaced and my only need to be repaired. We can give you the information you need to make a smart decision on your furnace replacement needs. If you are looking for furnace replacement near you we are located in Grand Junction, Colorado and service the surrounding areas including Fruita, Orchard Mesa, Palisade, Loma and Mack. give us a call at 970-245-0885 for your furnace replacement needs in Grand Junction, CO.


Lauderhill police shot Earl D. Brown, a night watchman at International Global Metals recycling center, early this morning around 2:00 a.m. Police were called to the recycling center to investigate reports of an intruder on the premises. Brown, who has worked at the recycling center for more than twenty-five years, was on routine patrol when he was shot. Police have reported that Brown was armed and was not wearing any type of clothing that indicated he was a security officer or employed by the plant. According to police, Brown was immediately labeled a threat because he was armed.
Brown was rushed to Broward Health Medical Center and underwent surgery. He is expected to recover from his injuries. The three officers who discharged their weapons have been placed on administrative leave, as is standard in these types of situations.
Security guard in his 70s recovering after being shot by Lauderhill police, www.miamiherald.com September 28, 2012.
Often, innocent bystanders suffer serious, life threatening injuries as a direct result of another person's careless, reckless or negligent actions. Brown was simply doing his job and looking into a security breach on the property when he suffered life-changing injuries. The attorneys at the Friedland | Carmona understand the frustration victims feel when they are injured due to no fault of their own. The Friedland | Carmona employs only personal injury lawyers whose main goal is to help victims recover compensation for their injuries. Jonathan R. Friedland and Michael Carmona are litigation experts who have dedicated their careers to helping victims. If you have been injured, contact the Friedland | Carmona today! Don't hesitate! Call (305) 661-2008 today for your free consultation!
The Coral Gables personal injury attorneys at the Friedland | Carmona handle all types of personal injury accidents throughout the state of Florida, including Boca Raton, Homestead, North Miami, South Miami, Miami Beach, Coral Gables, Pembroke Pines, Hialeah, Kendall, Aventura, Fort Lauderdale and Palm Beach. The Friedland | Carmona handles all types of personal injury cases, including wrongful death, defective products, medical malpractice, slip and falls and construction site injuries. Call today and let our family take care of your family!


text:
NFT Game For Good
NFT Games You Should Check
Fun NFT Games
Privacy Policy for NFT Game For Good
At NFT Game For Good, accessible from nfn4good.org, one of our main priorities is the privacy of our visitors. This Privacy Policy document contains types of information that is collected and recorded by NFT Game For Good and how we use it.
NFT Game For Good follows a standard procedure of using log files. These files log visitors when they visit websites. All hosting companies do this and a part of hosting services' analytics. The information collected by log files include internet protocol (IP) addresses, browser type, Internet Service Provider (ISP), date and time stamp, referring/exit pages, and possibly the number of clicks. These are not linked to any information that is personally identifiable. The purpose of the information is for analyzing trends, administering the site, tracking users' movement on the website, and gathering demographic information.
You may consult this list to find the Privacy Policy for each of the advertising partners of NFT Game For Good.
Third-party ad servers or ad networks uses technologies like cookies, JavaScript, or Web Beacons that are used in their respective advertisements and links that appear on NFT Game For Good, which are sent directly to users' browser. They automatically receive your IP address when this occurs. These technologies are used to measure the effectiveness of their advertising campaigns and/or to personalize the advertising content that you see on websites that you visit.
Note that NFT Game For Good has no access to or control over these cookies that are used by third-party advertisers.
NFT Game For Good's Privacy Policy does not apply to other advertisers or websites. Thus, we are advising you to consult the respective Privacy Policies of these third-party ad servers for more detailed information. It may include their practices and instructions about how to opt-out of certain options.
NFT Game For Good does not knowingly collect any Personal Identifiable Information from children under the age of 13. If you think that your child provided this kind of information on our website, we strongly encourage you to contact us immediately and we will do our best efforts to promptly remove such information from our records.
Traveling down the Facebook Timeline
Well, it kind of looks like Facebook but, then again, it doesn't. But it IS Facebook! Well, it's the new Facebook Timeline…soon to be rolled out across the network. This…Read MoreTraveling down the Facebook TimelineRead More »
Transition to WordPress Workshops scheduled
Our currrent partners, Nonprofits and groups hosting their websites with the Naples Free-Net, will learn how to transition from their Storyboard or Frontpage web site to WordPress. We scheduled "Storyboard/Frontpage To WordPress"…Read MoreTransition to WordPress Workshops scheduledRead More »
Tip from NFN Webmaster: Getting Search Engine Luv' via WP Permalinks
If you look up a subpage or a post on your WordPress site and the browser address bar reads similar to www.yoursiteurl.org/?p=29 or www.yoursiteurl.org/?page_id=48, you are missing a great opportunity to provide the search…Read MoreTip from NFN Webmaster: Getting Search Engine Luv' via WP PermalinksRead More »
Facebook Users in Naples, Florida
Total: 76,920 Users Gen Y 18-29: 25,160 (33%) Gen X 30-45: 24,520 (32%) Boomers 46-64: 20,740 (27%) Matures 65 +: 6,500 ( 9%) Naples with a 25 mile radius, user # as of July…Read MoreFacebook Users in Naples, FloridaRead More »
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-IKTQZGvSYQ
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Wearing the right personal protective equipment (PPE) and knowing how to use it properly is essential to the safety of our workers and injury prevention in the workplace.
Focusing on the different types of personal protective equipment, this course enables employees and managers to see a demonstration of how the various equipment functions, learn why they are so necessary and provides basic training on the use and maintenance of PPE devices.
Please note this is a course on the general use and handling of PPE devices. Always refer to the manufacturer's guidelines and training on the proper use and care of specific PPE devices.


Is wheat a health food? Prior to the 1960's, wheat naturally grew to shoulder height. Then with the introduction of mutated, high-yield, dwarf wheat the grain now only grows to around two feet tall. This was and is still manipulated by irradiation and powerfully toxic chemicals, namely sodium azide. This hybridized wheat relies heavily on the use of pesticides and fertilizers to grow.
Since wheat manipulation occurred decades ago, it is believed no human can fully digest and assimilate it, thus causing deleterious health effects. Wheat consumption is now being linked to obesity, diabetes, appetite stimulation, high blood sugar, and inflammatory conditions.
Clinically, I have seen significant improvement and sometimes resolution of symptoms in a wide variety of health conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, joint pain, and autoimmune disorders when wheat products are abstained. In addition to avoiding obvious wheat sources like breads and pastas, one must be mindful of other less obvious sources. Consumers should be aware that cows' digestive systems are designed for grass, yet they are being fed grains and even candy to reduce feed cost.
Unless specifically stated as "grass-fed," milk, yogurt, cheese, and beef products are generally fed grains and other unnatural food. My favorite milk and yogurt brand is Zionsville based Trader's Point Creamery who sells only grass-fed, organic, recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH) free dairy products. This is the best place to find dairy in its most natural state, packaged in glass instead of plastic. Trader's Point Creamery also sells local, grass-fed beef which is much leaner than standard beef and contains a higher amount of beneficial omega 3 fatty acids.
Grass-fed milk, meat, and egg consumption is believed to reduce the risk of obesity, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Grazing animals appear to have a healthier nutritional profile including higher omega 3 fatty acids, beta carotene, and vitamins A and D.
Choosing natural foods like organic fruits, vegetables, meat, and dairy is the foundation for optimal health. Physician-grade dietary supplements, probiotics, and herbs tailored to individual, specific needs are key to maximum vitality. Come see me at the Guyer Institute for the best in nutriceuticals.


"I'm too busy" is never a good excuse to skimp on exciting and delicious food escapades. In this new series, explore the culinary scene of Boston and Cambridge with Jane, your Crimson foodie who may be picky, but will still try anything on the plate at least once (except maybe chicken feet). Getting an authentic taste of Asia in America is a challenge, especially for someone who has lived in an Asian country for most of her life. Takemura, a Japanese-Korean restaurant in Harvard Square, has not quite lost its "Americanized" flavors, but it does accomplish the task of satisfying people's cravings for ethnic cuisine.
Sunday brunch in the dining halls may boast veritaffles, fresh fruits, and those cheesy, gooey, pieces of fried chicken and broccoli, but what if you are craving something heartier or more classic, like eggs benedict or steak and eggs?
After weeks away for winter break, students trickled back to find warm solace and excitement amidst the frigid weather in Cambridge: new restaurants in Harvard Square! Among them were OSUSHI, a modern Japanese restaurant serving everything from tempura and sushi rolls to the small bites typically served at an Izakaya. OSUSHI, which opened in mid-December, also has a sister establishment at in Boston.
Sandrine's Bistro is a contemporary French restaurant where most Harvard students have walked past by because of its prime location on Holyoke St., but a place where not too many have dared to enter because of its lofty price tag. But if my latest dining experience were to be the judge, I would say that swiping my credit card at Sandrine's Bistro was money well spent.
Pan Seared Diver Scallops ($30) over butternut squash puree.
"I'm too busy" is never a good excuse to skimp on exciting and delicious food escapades. In this new series, explore the culinary scene of Boston and Cambridge with Jane, your Crimson foodie who may be picky, but will still try anything on the plate at least once (except maybe chicken feet). You won't need any forks or knives when you eat at Addis Red Sea, an Ethiopian restaurant near Porter Square. Instead of cutlery, Ethipian food calls for a different set of tools: namely, your hands. With the aid of lots and lots of injera, an Ethiopian bread that's like a spongier version of sourdough, you scoop up different entrees and channel the food directly to your mouth.


One of the biggest mistakes parents make is not recognizing when a child wants to help. Being in small bodies, they are not going to offer the same kind of help that a fully grown person does, but they will make the effort. And when that effort is not recognized AND acknowledged, then the child will start to "help" in ways you don't appreciate.
I've seen this with my own eyes: A child around two years old is sitting in a shopping cart. He takes an item from the cart and tries to place it on the conveyor belt to the cashier. The unaware mom stops the child from doing this and says, "that's okay, honey, I'll take care of that." Unfortunately, I've seen too many moms yell at their child for attempting this. Perhaps the mom is worried the child will drop the item. Perhaps the mom is in a hurry. Perhaps the mom is just stressed out.
Now we turn to the mom who sees this seemingly insignificant act as a real effort on the child's part to HELP. The child wants to contribute in some way. She's small, but she can grab onto some item in the shopping cart and TRY to get that item onto the conveyor belt. The smart mom observes what is happening and let's the child complete this act of contribution. If the child is having difficulty pulling it off, the mom helps out in a way that allows the child to still take "ownership" of the help that's being offered.
When the helpful act is accomplished, the mom gives the child a very hearty thank you (and maybe even a hug). The child gets that her help is appreciated and will continue to deliver this kind of help in the future. Parents allow the child to complete these acts of help and acknowledge the child each time for doing so.
As mentioned earlier, the child who has this line of help and contribution cut off by the mom or the dad (or siblings) will find other ways to "help." The child will do things that are a bit (or very) destructive. This will certainly get a response. Not the response the parent or the child really wants, but a response nevertheless.
Give your child the freedom to contribute and you will be doing your child (and your marriage) a great service.
More ideas on bringing up children in my book When the Thrill Is Gone. Ebook version is currently available at no charge.
You and your husband are upset about something. What advantages are there to sleeping on it?
You'll get much better sleep if the upset is behind you.
Though some upsets will "fade away" with time, many do just the opposite. They linger and can have a negative impact on other areas of life.
Upsets (even minor ones) that are allowed to accumulate can put unnecessary strain on the marriage.
If there are kids, whether they view the upset(s) directly or not, they are affected by them.
Sometimes we're just too tired to sit down and resolve an upset before going to bed, but any effort you (and your spouse) make on this kind of thing can be very helpful. Even if all you do is look each other in the eye and say, "hey, I know we're upset but I think the world of you. Let's agree to fix this tomorrow for sure." — that's far better than sleeping on it. And a fast hug or kiss wouldn't hurt.
If you and your spouse are not in good communication with each other, there are a number of ways to improve the communication, but here is a very simple approach: talk to your spouse about things that are VERY REAL to him/her.
Each spouse has a number of subjects that are "very real" to them. It might be work-related, a favorite sport, a particular political view, maybe even a sibling that one spouse spends a lot of time with. If you've been together for even a short time, you pretty much know what these subjects are.
If you're the wife and you'd like to take that first step to improve communication, discuss subjects with your husband that he has a good bit of "reality" on. If you do this, your husband's willingness to communicate will be higher than before. Keep it sincere along this line and you will eventually see an increased willingness to communicate about other subjects (recent upsets perhaps).
People find it very easy to talk about things that are very real to them. When the level of communication in your marriage drops, talk to your spouse about these very real subjects first and you'll have taken a simple and effective step to raising the level of communication.


Sir Godfrey Gregg If you obsess over whether you are making the right decision, you are basically assuming that the universe will reward you for one thing and punish you for another. The universe has no fixed agenda. Once you make any decision, it works around that decision. There is no right or wrong, only a series of possibilities that shift with each thought, feeling, and action that you experience. If this sounds too mystical, refer again to the body. Every significant vital sign- body temperature, heart rate, oxygen consumption, hormone level, brain activity, and so on- alters the moment you decide to do anything… decisions are signals telling your body, mind, and environment to move in a certain direction.


Forget Romance, Let's Dance All Night – Celebrate Valentine's Day (2/14) at Taverna Opa. Our https://www.sodapdf.com/split-pdf/ software got us organized.
Come experience all the excitement of skydiving without having to jump out of an airplane! iFLY's vertical wind tunnel creates a wall-to-wall cushion of air on which you can safely float. There's no parachute, no jumping and nothing attaching you to planet Earth. Children as young as three, to adults as old (or young at heart) as 103 can fly with us. It's safe for kids, challenging for adults and realistic for skydivers. We provide here all the gear, including the uniform, shoes and helmet, also you will have personal instructor will guide you through your flight.
This is a great opportunity to go with friends and family to have a great adventure and have an awesome time. Also people trying to get ready for a real skydiving moment can practice in here to feel a similar experienced.
What: Come experience indoor sky diving!! See what your guests experience when you send to iFLY!!
Times: On Both days there are 10-time slots with 6 people per time slot. 11-11:30, 1-1:30, 3-3:30, 5-5:30, 7-7:30.
RSVP: You will need to either call Caitlin Donato 407-337-4359 ext1111 or email cdonato@iflyworld.com. She will need your name, company, day and time slot and if your bringing a guest. Everyone is allowed ONE guest and that guest is 39.95+tax.
Limited complimentary appetizers and soft drinks included.
Full cash bar and additional appetizers menu available for purchase. Visit highland beach roofing for more information about the best roofers in Florida.
Join us for an evening of seasonal songs, silliness, and surprises with performers from Pirate's Town! If you've been to one of these special shows before, you know the awesome vocalists and fun times that await you. And if you're a first timer, get ready! You'r about to kick off the Christmas Season in July CABARET style! it'll be an event you won't forget, because "In here, Life is Beautiful!" Security here is superb, look at this content – SecurityInfo for more details.
In honor of the victims of the Pulse shooting and their families, Orlando Tree Trek Adventure Park will donate 100 percent of its ticket sales on Wednesday. They also find a mangonia park roofer. Check them out.
All of the ticket money from people who come to climb at the park on June 22 will be donated to the OneOrlando Fund, which will support victims and their families, the LGBTQ and Hispanic communities and other needs related to the shooting. If you're looking for a 5000 loan quickly and easliy, check out pickaloan.co.uk and learn more about their online services.


Creating an autoresponder series has never been easier!
So, You Want To Set Up An E-Course?
These days, membership sites are all the rage. And not without good reason. If you ever want to drop the Just Over Broke and strike out on your own, a reliable income is key. One you can count on month after month without chaining yourself to the desktop in ways your boss never imagined.
Problem is, the constant need to keep such a site fresh and updated with new content is taxing indeed. You either have to get out those shackles or pay to outsource it. Hardly an option when you're just getting started.
There's a better way though, and if you've found this page, this probably isn't the first time you've heard of it. The idea is to create what's known as a time-bound membership or an e-course. A series of messages doled out on a regular schedule from your autoresponder.
With this method, you only have to write the content once. It's always fresh for the new "members." Regardless of when people sign up, they always start at lesson one and proceed from there.
Thing is the industry standard autoresponders, like Aweber, force you to tediously create your messages using their graphical user interface (GUI). There is no Import function to take either a directory of content files or a delimited file of lessons and create the corresponding messages. Furthermore, you have both the text and html body sections to populate.
the copy and paste headache has been relieved once and for all.


In general, when you visit our websites you do not have to tell us who you are, or reveal any personally identifiable information to us. Unless you specifically agree to tell us, we will never know who you are, and you are able to interact with our websites in a relatively anonymous way. Personally identifiable information is defined as any specific data that could disclose you as an individual, such as your name, address, telephone number, billing and shipping information, credit card information or e-mail address.
If you would like to access, correct, update or de-activate any personally identifiable information you have submitted, please send a request to info@thelane.com with 'Privacy' as the subject line. We will modify or de-activate any information that could be used to identify you as soon as practicable after your request, unless we are required or authorised by law not to do so. Once de-activated your data will not be accessible, however, due to system backups to various types of data storage media, your data may in some circumstances remain on these types of data storage media.
We understand the importance of protecting the privacy of children, especially in an online environment. This website is not intended for users under the age of 16, and TLCE does not knowingly collect personally identifiable information from users under the age of 16. Such users are expressly prohibited from submitting their personally identifiable information to us, and from using our forums and chat areas; any information submitted by such users will not knowingly be used, posted, or retained by us.


After six months, the Talking Trade blog has attracted a growing list of global readers. We thought this would be a good time to recap the set of materials posted during this time, in case you missed them. We very much appreciate your support and, as always, enjoy receiving feedback from you.


text:
package org.elasticsearch.index.mapper;

import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
import org.elasticsearch.common.geo.ShapeRelation;
import org.elasticsearch.common.geo.SpatialStrategy;
import org.elasticsearch.geometry.Geometry;
import org.elasticsearch.index.query.SearchExecutionContext;

/**
 * Implemented by {@link org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.MappedFieldType} that support
 * GeoShape queries.
 */
public interface GeoShapeQueryable {

    Query geoShapeQuery(Geometry shape, String fieldName, ShapeRelation relation, SearchExecutionContext context);

    @Deprecated
    default Query geoShapeQuery(Geometry shape, String fieldName, SpatialStrategy strategy, ShapeRelation relation,
                          SearchExecutionContext context) {
        return geoShapeQuery(shape, fieldName, relation, context);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Surround input text with slash or backslash I am trying to surround input string with either \ or /. The input string can only take one of the following forms. The first one is an empty string.

path
/path
\path
path/
path\
/path/
\path\

I am trying with ^[\\\/]?|[\\\/]?$. It works for the first four. The later four will have double slash or backslash with this regex. I know why this is happening but don't have any idea on how to fix it. I am using PCRE. I want the output to be / when the input is empty and /path/ for all others.
Current output:
/
/path/
/path/
/path/
/path//
/path//
/path//
/path//

regex101
I am only using the multiline flag for convenience.
EDIT: I have updated the solution by @the-fourth-bird to also replace / or \ that are in between.
Updated regex : ^[\\\/]?|[\\\/]+|(?<![\\\/])[\\\/]?$
EDIT 2: Even better by u/whereIsMyBroom over at reddit.
regex : ^[\\\/]?|[\\\/]|(?<![\\\/])$

A: You might write the pattern asserting not / or \ before the last slash using a negative lookbehind (?<![\\\/]
^[\\\/]?|(?<![\\\/])[\\\/]?$

Regex demo