Shown in red with our PVC bow harness, a padded pushup PVC bra with bows with matching underwear, a steel boned PVC underbust corset, worn under a PVC bow and PVC stockings. The last few images show it worn with a PVC Victorian cape. Shown in black with our Plunge PVC Overbust Corset with straps ($110), PVC stockings ($47), formal underwear ($17.50). Shown in leatherette with a PVC Mini Caplet ($65), with an Angled long underbust corset ($95), a PVC bow harness ($100), with a padded push up bra $90 with high waisted formal underwear ($17.50), and a PVC bow ($40).
Thanks to your requests we have designed this flattering 6 point garter belt available in all our store colours. This can be worn as shown or reversed since the garter belt is shaped to follow the curves of your hips. This has 6 detachable and adjustable garter clips with steel tips so they won't break or warp when used with our PVC stockings or your latex or nylon stockings. Because you can detach the garter clips (using little adjustable plastic snaps which are hidden by the bows) its easy to put these on to your stockings before or after putting them on your legs and then you can easily clip them onto the belt.
Available with bows as shown for a additional $27. The base price does not include the bows on each plastic snap. You can also include matching basic or high waisted PVC underwear using the options below, if you choose the bow option for the garter belt the underwear will have one as well in the center.
You can adjust this from the center using a tiny but sturdy plastic clip. Available in 5 sizes, if you want a specific low waist (a few inches above your hipbone where the top of the garter will sit) width feel free to include it in the comments of your order or e-mail us right after your purchase. The XXS is adjustable from 25-28" low waist, XS is adjustable from 27-30" low waist, small is a 29-32" low waist, medium is adjustable between 31-34" low waist, and L/XL is adjustable between a 33-37". If you aren't sure what size is best for you go smaller rather than larger so that the garter belt doesn't sag down your hips.


We have done a lot of work on optimizing the game on the console and finally, go out on March 1 on all consoles at once. Now you can feel all the joy of the game, referring us to the classic games of the 90s, in the originally conceived form. Crumble monsters, survive, die, die, die … and win!!!
Hi everybody! A few months ago we met together and thought it would be great to do something interesting. So we created Groovy Milk studio and our first project is the game Creepy Road. This is classical 2d run&gun game. All as we love!
girlfriend lives, he has a road accident and then finds himself in a forest, amongst mad animals and people. Flint is to find out what goes on and let himself out of this mess.


Even as a young child, Kofi D. Essel, MD '11, MPH '17, FAAP, was drawn to medicine. His interest in the sciences, a mom who was a nurse, and the need to manage his food allergies and asthma so he could excel in sports combined to put the young Dr. Essel on his career path.
He uses those early lessons and the training he received at both the GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences and GW's Milken Institute School of Public Health in his work in the Anacostia neighborhood of Washington, D.C. as a board-certified community pediatrician at Children's National Health System.
Growing up in a single-parent multigenerational immigrant family in Little Rock, Arkansas with limited knowledge of important resources, Dr. Essel recognized the unique experiences, challenges, and disparities that shaped his background, and is using them to more effectively care for his patients. "I wanted to see what I could do to improve access for others when I became a doctor," he says.
Dr. Shields, who is now vice president of medical affairs at Holy Cross Health Network, was impressed by Dr. Essel as a student and now values him as a colleague. "As I have witnessed his professional growth over the years, he has been unwavering in his commitment to the health of the community, to academic growth for himself and his peers, and now as a mentor for medical students and residents," says Dr. Shields.
In addition to his work in the community, Dr. Essel is active at GW where he serves as an assistant professor of pediatrics, director of the Community Urban Health Scholarly Concentration, a key member of the school's Clinical Public Health team, and director of the Clinical Public Health Summit on Obesity for second- and third-year medical students.
This article originally appeared on GW Alumni News.
Boston.com's Child Caring - How to Explain Mom's Long-absent Mother?


text:
Anesthesiology Reflections from the Wood Library-Museum| January 2017
From "Hog Bean" to "Fowl Murder": Liebig's Henbane Advertising Card
Anesthesiology January 2017, Vol. 126, 162.
From "Hog Bean" to "Fowl Murder": Liebig's Henbane Advertising Card. Anesthesiology 2017; 126:162 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000001475
Black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) was featured (low right) in this Italian-language version of the Poisonous Plant series of trade cards advertising Liebig's Extract of Meat. Henbane's flower (high left) and fruit (high right) are also depicted on this card as distributed by the company linked to chloroform pioneer Justus von Liebig. Because hogs could eat henbane with apparent impunity, Greek hyos kyamos ("hog bean") passed to Latin as hyoscyamus and evolved over centuries into the Italian giusquiamo, which is printed twice on this card. Originally, the plant was henbell ("death bell") in Old English, bell was replaced with bane yielding henbane ("death murder"). Later authorities tried to back-interpret henbane as "fowl murder." What remains clear is how dangerous herbal preparations or oils of henbane can be, easily overdosing victims with deadly slurries of scopolamine, atropine, and hyoscyamine. (Copyright © the American Society of Anesthesiologists' Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology.)
George S. Bause, M.D., M.P.H., Honorary Curator and Laureate of the History of Anesthesia, Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology, Schaumburg, Illinois, and Clinical Associate Professor, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. UJYC@aol.com.
Copyright © 2016, the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway
Spinal Anesthesia with Targeted Sedation based on Bispectral Index Values Compared with General Anesthesia with Masked Bispectral Index Values to Reduce Delirium: The SHARP Randomized Controlled Trial
Practice Guidelines for Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia 2018: A Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia, the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Dental Association, American Society of Dentist Anesthesiologists, and Society of Interventional Radiology
ASA Physical Status Classifications: A Study of Consistency of Ratings
Uptake of Halothane by the Human Body
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: Its Etiology, Treatment, and Prevention
Crying Foul on Chloroforming Fowl
Anesthesiology (November 2018)
Liebig's Trade Card for Numbing but Toxic Aconite
Anesthesiology (August 2018)
An Advertising Card for Peruvian Syrup
Crimean Thornapple Depicted by Liebig's Extract of Meat Company
Anesthesiology (February 2018)
From Chloroform to Extract of Meat: Chemist and Entrepreneur Liebig
Anesthesiology (July 2013)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


To prohibit sales of dextromethorphan without a prescription to persons under age 18.
To require certain entities to inform veterans about health care benefits available to all veterans.
To require health plan insurers to release certain claim information to group plan policyholders.
Regarding the disposal of controlled substances.
To establish the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Task Force.
To decriminalize hemp and hemp products and to establish a hemp cultivation licensing program.
To require the State Board of Pharmacy to educate license holders about the law authorizing naloxone dispensing without a prescription.


Download: Latest version 0.9.7.1, released on 19 June 2008 is available for download here.
SPTraceView is a utility targeted mainly for people that develop and/or test custom SharePoint applications. It could be also useful to administrators to diagnose and troubleshoot their MOSS farm. It analyses in real time the ULS trace messages coming from all MOSS components and can notify you using a balloon-style tray bar messages when something happens.
SPTraceView could be used for example to identify whether web parts, web controls, workflows, event receivers, feature receivers and all other custom and out of the box components work correctly. For example if an SPSite or an SPWeb object is not disposed correctly, SPTraceView will show the SharePoint diagnostic message shown.
As soon as you run it, SPTraceView will start receiving all messages from MOSS and will start checking if any of them match filters defined by you. The default filter matches all messages which severity level is: Critical Event, Unexpected, Exception, Warning Event, Assert or Unassigned. You can configure your settings by choosing "Configure" from the context menu. The configuration form will show up and you will be able to choose the monitored levels and what you want SPTraceView to do when any of the messages match your filter. You can also quickly enable or disable the tracing by using the "Enabled" / "Disabled" menu items from the context menu. This may be handy if you only want to enable it when you are doing specific tests or when you want to disable it when there are too many messages flying around at certain times.
At the moment when a traced message is found to match your flter you can choose between: (i) showing a balloon in the tray bar, (ii) saving the traced message in the SPTraceView's own log file and (iii) further tracing the message using the .NET System.Diagnostics.Trace class, which can be captured and be shown in a program like Mark Russinovich's excellent Debug View.
The log file is an XML file that is saved in the same directory where SPTraceView was started from and contains all information from the ULS message. The log file is displayed in SPTraceView using an XSLT transformation that by default formats it to the following HTML.
The XSLT file is called SPTraceView.xslt and resides in the same directory as the log file. It can be modified to produce a different formatting of the log entries if desired.
SPTraceView allows more complex include/exclude filters to be configured from the form below, which is shown by the "More Settings" button. In all of the input boxes, except the process filter, you can use a wildcard. In all places you can provide multiple match strings separated by a semicolon.
You can narrow down the traced messages by either specifying what to include in the Include filter or what to exclude in the Exclude filter. The single asterisk "*" matches all items and a blank string doesn't match anything. You could also specify both the Include and the Exclude filters for an item and in this case the Include filter will be applied first to determine whether the message should be included and after that the Exclude Filter will be applied (only if the message has matched the Include filter) to determine whether it actually has to be excluded. So remember that the Include filter is applied before the Exclude filter.
If you want to intercept the trace messages from more than one server in your farm you will need to have SPTraceView running in each of the servers you want to monitor. The Farm Settings form is used to configure how SPTraceView should act in a farm. The default option is a "Local Machine Viewer" (also called "Stand Alone Viewer"). In this mode SPTraceView will only capture and process the trace messages on the local machine. This is probably what most developers need when they develop in a single server farm or virtual machine.
To configure an instance of SPTraceView to send the traced messages to other SPTraceView clients you should use the "Farm Trace Provider" mode. You will typically configure in this mode the instances of SPTraceView running in all servers in your farm but one. This will be the server where you will be monitoring all the traced messages from the other servers. On this machine you will need to configure SPTraceView to run as "Farm Trace Receiver".
It is important to know that the filters will be applied locally and only if a trace message matches the local filter it will be transmitted to other SPTraceView clients. So make sure you have the same filter settings in all servers.
SPTraceView instances are using the UDP protocol to communicate between each other and the advanced settings form allows you to configure the communication settings. There are two modes of communicating: by using a multicast or a broadcast. If you are not sure what the difference is then use Multicast. To be able to communicate all running SPTraceView instances will have to use the same transport method: multicast or broadcast and must use the same port as well. By default SPTraceView is using port 12361. If you need to change it to a different port, then create a new DWORD registry value called Port under HKEY_CURRENT_USER -> Software -> SharePointInternals -> SPTraceView and specify your custom port number. The multicast IP address cannot be changed and is always 232.153.23.255. Don't worry it will work for your network as this is an IP address in the special multicast range.
On the advanced form you can also configure the GUID of the farm which messages you want to intercept and view. This could be useful if you have more than one farm installed in the network or if you are running the SPTraceView Trace Receiver on a Vista or Windows XP machine.
SPTraceView has an automatic update functionality which is available if you are running it with account that is a local administrator. At the moment this type of account is actually required to be able to intercept the SharePoint ULS trace log messages. SPTraceView checks for a new version when it is started using port 80 HTTP.
A tool to read the existing log files on a single machine. You point to where the log files are saved and it loads the log entries in a data grid and allows you to filter and search. It doesn't work in real time but it looks fast and is small.
The project description is: "Read and filter SharePoint log data from log files". A very light weight and simple tool that allows you to open one log file at a time from the local machine and displays it in a data grid view. Supports message filtering.
According to its documentation: "A MOSS 2007 utility to allow real time diagnostics of multiple servers in a sharepoint farm using a single console view". However only the Windows event log functionality seems to be working in real time and not the ULS trace. Also the multiple servers log files are accessed via network shares. It's very heavy weight, not fully implemented and the SharePoint log files are opened directly as files so they will not include all trace events. The SharePointLoggingSpy however gives you other diagnostic settings to monitor, not just the SharePoint log files so you may still find it useful.


text:
Grace cruises to Dunhill title
Malelane, South Africa (SportsNetwork.com) - Branden Grace closed with a 4- under 68 on Sunday and he cruised to a 7-stroke win at the Alfred Dunhill Championship.
Grace, who led by one entering the final round, ended at 20-under-par 268. This was his fifth European Tour title. His first four victories all came in the 2012 season.
"It's been a long year, a hard year, but now it's a fairytale ending just before Christmas," said Grace. "One of the main things this week has been the driving. I just put a new driver in the bag in Dubai and that's been the key this week."
Former Open Championship winner Louis Oosthuizen carded a 3-under 69 and he took second place at minus-13 at Leopard Creek Country Club. Andrew Johnston tripped to a 1-over 73 in the final round. He ended alone in third place at 11-under 277.
Trevor Fisher, Jr. (69) and last week's winner Danny Willett (76) shared fourth at minus-10. David Drysdale posted a 3-under 69 to improve into a tie for sixth place. He was joined there by Francesco Molinari, who struggled to a 4-over 76.
Grace rolled in a short birdie putt on the second to quickly extend his lead to three strokes. Another birdie at No. 4 moved Grace to minus-18.
After a pair of pars, Grace missed the green at the par-3 seventh with his tee shot and he failed to get up and down for par. Despite the bogey, he still led by four.
Grace chipped his second at the short par-4 11th to kick-in range. He made that birdie, but was just three clear of Willett, who birdied nine and 10.
Willett dropped a shot at 12, but came right back with birdies at 13 and 14 to inch within two, but Grace answered with a birdie on 13 to move three clear.
Grace traded a birdie for a bogey from the 15th, but he was comfortably ahead as Willett collapsed down the stretch. Grace 2-putted for birdie at the last to seal the win.
"It's a little extra special being the first to win both Dunhills. That's something for the record books," said Grace, who won the Alfred Dunhill Links Championship in 2012. "It is a great finish to an amazing week."
Willett found water at the par-3 16th and that led to a double-bogey. He followed with a bogey on 17 and a triple-bogey at the last.
Oosthuizen, the 2006 runner-up, birdied the first, but followed with bogeys on the second and third. He got back to even-par for his round with a birdie on the seventh.
Around the turn, he carded birdies at 10 and 11 to get to 12-under. Oosthuizen picked up two more strokes as he birdied the 15th and 17th, but he closed with a bogey at the last.
NOTES: Grace earned 237,750 euros for the win ... Grace was the first player in tournament history to win this title in wire-to-wire fashion ... Despite good playing conditions, only 23 of the 75 players in the field broke par in the final round, while 44 players shot over-par rounds, including four rounds in the 80s ... Lucas Bjerregaard, who played in the final group, struggled to a 17-over 89, which included seven bogeys, two double-bogeys, a triple-bogey and a quadruple-bogey ... The European Tour returns to action on January 8th with the South African Open Championship, where Morten Orum Madsen is the reigning champion.


text:
News / January 10, 2023
At almost 60 years old, Nicolas Cage assures that he still has a fear that makes him lose sleep
Nicolas Cage is thought about among the very best actors in Hollywood, which is why he is one of the best-known faces in the sector, although over the last few years the actor has stayed a little bit far from the screen, his followers are constantly They have actually kept an eye on the famous interpreter, that just recently exposed among his most significant anxieties.
In a meeting with Empire publication, the celebrity of wonderful hits like Ghost Rider: The Ghost Rider, The Legend of the Lost Treasure and also 60 Seconds mentioned his young people as well as admitted that at his age he is extremely terrified of falling into medicine addictions. medications.
" At my age I am fairly terrified of 'travelling'. I had never done anything like this. When I did something with mushrooms that didn't function very well for me, so that frightens me," the star commented after being inquired about the training he had while starring in the movie The Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent, in which the star plays himself as well as took LSD, short for lysergic acid diethylamide.
Previously, the American assured that in the Goodbye to Las Vegas tape he did hire a beverage instructor that helped him with the development of several scenes, however, for his most recent movie he did not. Furthermore, Cage also spoke about how he felt concerning playing himself, adding that he does not such as to enjoy his very own movies.
" I can inform you that I was really horrified by the whole thing. Naturally, due to the fact that I was so frightened, my reaction was to move towards it. I attempt not to (see his flicks). I try to relocate on when I'm done with something. I don't wish to get stuck. I wish to think of what's next," claimed the actor.
A post shared by Nicolas Cage (@nicolascagefans)
To end his narrative about the tape, the interpreter admitted that the experience of playing a young variation of him, and addicted to drugs, was fun, however he enjoys to leave that individuality in the past. "That was Nic in 1990 as well as I'm so thankful I'm no longer like that individual. I was delighted to bring it back. I actually have extremely silent minutes in your home, reviewing with my pet cat," he noted.


text:
package main

import (
	"github.com/bobziuchkovski/writ"
)

type configNormalize struct {
	baseSubCommand
}

func (c *configNormalize) Run(p writ.Path, positional []string) {

	config := c.Base().GetConfig(false)

	if _, err := config.Dev.AllGamePackages(); err != nil {
		c.Base().errAndQuit("At least one DEV game package invalid: " + err.Error())
	}

	if _, err := config.Prod.AllGamePackages(); err != nil {
		c.Base().errAndQuit("At least one PROD game package invalid: " + err.Error())
	}

	err := config.Save()

	if err != nil {
		c.Base().errAndQuit("Couldn't save: " + err.Error())
	}

}

func (c *configNormalize) Name() string {
	return "normalize"
}

func (c *configNormalize) Description() string {
	return "Loads and saves config.json so it's in canonical shape"
}

func (c *configNormalize) HelpText() string {
	return c.Name() + ` simply parses and then saves the config.json in use.

This guarantees that it is in canonical structure, so in the future small changes to the config via "boardgame-util config set" should have only a few line diffs.` +

		"\n\n" +

		"See help for the parent command for more information about configuration in general."
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


WASHINGTON, D.C. — The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) Board of Governors today approved a new policy calling for the researchers PCORI funds to share their data sets and documentation for reanalysis and reuse. The new policy is among the most far-reaching adopted by publicly supported funders of health research.
The policy advances PCORI's commitment to open science by encouraging use of data from the studies it funds to allow other researchers to verify and build on those findings to generate new evidence available to healthcare decision makers. Data sharing can accelerate the discovery of new and better care approaches through additional analyses, reproduction of published findings, and development of avenues for new research.
Under the policy, certain research teams that receive PCORI funding—and particularly those that receive larger PCORI awards—are expected to place the data generated during their studies, as well as the documentation for how the data were produced, into a repository designated by PCORI. These data, including deidentified information collected from study participants, full protocols, meta-data, and statistical analysis plans, can then be made available to other research teams for reanalysis and additional analyses. A distinguishing feature of PCORI's approach is that funding will be provided to research teams to prepare the data and other materials for sharing.
To protect the privacy of study participants, the new PCORI policy stipulates that all personally-identifiable health information must be deidentified in accordance with HIPAA regulations. Similarly, informed consent obtained from study participants must be sufficiently broad to permit future research by other researchers. Requests to access data and documents in the repository will be reviewed based on the scientific merit of the request and on the qualifications of the requestors.
The data sharing policy is the latest in a series of initiatives that PCORI has undertaken to support the transparency and broader availability of research results. The institute's earlier policy on peer review and public release of research findings ensures that all results from PCORI-funded studies, whether positive or negative, undergo a review and are made publicly available on PCORI's website in a final research report. PCORI also develops brief summaries of all the studies and their findings that are posted as public and professional abstracts on the website. In addition, through its public access policy, PCORI covers the costs for journals to make papers presenting the final results of PCORI-funded studies freely available to the public.
PCORI has invested $2.4 billion to fund more than 440 patient-centered comparative clinical effectiveness research (CER) studies and other projects designed to enhance CER methods and the infrastructure necessary to conduct CER rigorously and efficiently.


Can you believe it's been four years since the Revolution started? I know it has because just last month I went the 4th Birthday Party for the re-branded Revolution Beauty London. This is the new name for the company that brings us: Adam Minto is rightly exceptionally proud of his business but what makes the… Continue reading The Revolution Continues….
Makeup Revolution – the new and the necessary!
It's a pretty tough job keeping up with Makeup Revolution releases as it seems like there are new products every week - it's such a fast paced business. So just recently I paid a visit to the Tam Beauty site to seek out some of the most recent releases and also to catch up with… Continue reading Makeup Revolution – the new and the necessary!
Living in London and not having copious funds for travel are just two reasons that you might feel the need to reach out for some of these products from Rimmel London to give you summer glow. I mean even when it's sunny in the UK we often send more time indoors than we'd like and… Continue reading Get your summer glow on!
Guys it's nearly summer. Unless you've been travelling you probably haven't seen much of the sun yet but I've seen glimpses of summer in some of the makeup and fragrances I've been trialing. I've also seen a bit of a peach theme going on. This newest twist on the best selling Wave fragrance from Hollister California… Continue reading Summer's Looking Peachy….


text:
Richard Burgon enters race for Labour deputy leader
Dec 31st 2019 10:35AM
Shadow justice secretary Richard Burgon has said he is to run for Labour deputy leader, arguing the party must not abandon the policies of Jeremy Corbyn.
The left-winger said it would be wrong to point the finger of blame at Mr Corbyn for Labour's "devastating" general election defeat.
Instead, he said that the party had lost out to the Tories in a contest where the overriding issue of Brexit had triumphed over traditional party loyalties.
After a break and discussions with MPs and party members, I'm announcing that I'm standing to be Labour's Deputy Leader🌹
Here's my recent Tribune article with some thoughts on why we lost badly and how we rebuild: https://t.co/LjFGYZVA5m
I'll be outlining more in the New Year.
— Richard Burgon MP (@RichardBurgon) December 31, 2019
His decision to stand could pitch him into a contest with shadow education secretary Angela Rayner, who is reported to be considering a run for the deputy post vacated by Tom Watson.
Ms Rayner had been touted as a contender for the top job but was said to have decided to stand aside to give her close friend, shadow business secretary Rebecca Long Bailey, a clear run as the favourite of the left.
Shadow women and equalities secretary Dawn Butler, another left-wing ally of Mr Corbyn, has already declared that she is a candidate for the deputy leadership.
In a recent article for the Tribune magazine, Mr Burgon rejected criticism of Mr Corbyn over the party's election performance, saying that in the 2017 election he increased Labour's vote by 3.5 million.
Mr Burgon could face a battle with shadow education secretary Angela Rayner (Joe Giddens/PA)
"Given that we had the same leader in Jeremy Corbyn and a similar manifesto to 2017, I think it is mistaken to focus blame there," he said.
"Nobody campaigned with greater energy, resilience and principle than Jeremy and all of us in the shadow cabinet need to accept responsibility.
"We can't allow blame for this election to fall on Jeremy's shoulders alone."
Mr Burgon also defended the party's election manifesto saying it would be wrong to abandon its promised "green industrial revolution" in favour of a return to "market-driven economics".
"Others may think that we need to triangulate instead. The evidence does not support this," he said.
Shadow women and equalities secretary Dawn Butler has said she intends to run for deputy leader (Joe Giddens/PA)
"A weakening of Labour's popular commitments to ending austerity, returning rail, mail and water to public ownership and a more interventionist role for the state would not win more votes.
"Change is going to be needed, but we need to ensure we don't throw the baby out with the bathwater."
Mr Burgon said more than 50 of the 60 seats lost by Labour had been in Leave-supporting areas and called on whoever becomes the next leader to establish a special commission to look into how they could be won back.
"When campaigning in many constituencies across the North and Midlands, as I did, I heard people say they were 'lending' their vote to the Conservatives," he said.
"We certainly can't take it for granted that those voters, or Labour voters who stayed at home, will back us next time.
"Scotland shows what can happen when people break with their pattern of voting for Labour."


The U.S and China wrap up trade talks in Beijing on Tuesday. Keith Fitz-Gerald, chief investment strategist at Money Map Press, says the idea that President Trump is drawing China to the table because of a weakening economy is strategic posturing on this administration's behalf. Plus, why Apple is a unique case in China.


text:
Q: how to count number of all child under every p1 id in pandas? id and parent id are given here is some part of the data table
Df2
   id   title   parent_id
0   11  p1          11
1   12  p1          11
2   13  p2          12
3   14  p2          12
4   15  p2          13
5   16  p2          13
6   17  p3          13

This df2 problem should give output like
p1_id | no. of p1|no. of p2| no. of p3 |
11    | 1        |4        | 1         |
12    | 0        |2        | 0         |

given that:
1--There is no certain hierarchy. like, may be possible that p1 have another p1 under him or p3 under him. And there may be n number of branches and node possible.
2--The p1 may have child at n number of level. how to approach to this problem.
Edit - to visualize the problem

A: You can use the crosstab function:
Step 1: Create DataFrame
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
d = {'id': [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17], 'title': ['p1','p1','p2', 'p2', 'p2', 'p2', 'p3'],'parentid':['11','11','12', '12', '13', '13', '13']}
df = pd.DataFrame(data=d)

Step 2: Crosstab
pd.crosstab(df['parentid'], df['title'])

A: Code
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

data=np.array([['','id','title','parent_id'],
                [0,11,'p1',11],
                [1,12,'p1',11],
                [2,13,'p2',12],
                [3,14,'p2',12],
                [4,15,'p2',13],
                [5,16,'p3',13],
                [6,17,'p3',13]])

df=pd.DataFrame(data=data[1:,1:],
                  index=data[1:,0],
                  columns=data[0,1:])

df2=df.pivot(index='id',columns='title',values='parent_id')

df2=df.groupby(['title', 'parent_id']).count()
df2=df2.reset_index(drop=False)
df3=df2.pivot(index='parent_id',columns='title',values='id')
df3=df3.fillna(0)
print(df3)

Input
   id title parent_id
0  11    p1        11
1  12    p1        11
2  13    p2        12
3  14    p2        12
4  15    p2        13
5  16    p3        13
6  17    p3        13

Output
title       p1   p2   p3
parent_id
11         2.0  0.0  0.0
12         0.0  2.0  0.0
13         0.0  1.0  2.0

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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HumaniTV Appoints Gina Linn Espinoza as President of Espanol Division
Comments Off on HumaniTV Appoints Gina Linn Espinoza as President of Espanol DivisionPosted in Espanol, PressSep 14, 2012
AUSTIN, TEXAS – August 28, 2012 – HumaniTV, an Internet media and services firm committed to saving lives and impacting communities globally, today announced the appointment of Gina Linn Espinoza as President of the HumaniTV Espanol Division.
"Gina Lin Espinoza's is a proven campeón in a market bursting with culture, history, potential and corazones de servidumbre. As President of our HumaniTV Espanol division, she will no doubt establecer el alto bar," stated Matt Tankersley, HumaniTV CEO & Co-Founder. "Her passion for her people is eclipsed only by her passion for humanity as a whole, and her sonrisa contagiosa abre las puertas en cualquier idioma."
Ms. Espinoza was the recipient of the 2008 National Hispana Leadership Institute Fellowship, while attending JFK School of Government at Harvard University. She lives in Los Angeles with her dog Don Pepe' – the primary character in her Children's programs "las aventuras de Don Pepe', teaching tolerance and coping skills. Don Pepe' is the little dog that hears with his ears but think with his heart.
Ms. Espinoza produced the 20th anniversary theatrical play and gala for Josefina Lopez's award winning play "Real Women Have Curves" at CASA 0101. She also produced a Rock Opera "La Muerte Vive," about Dia de los Muertos/Day of the Dead at the Million Dollar Theater in Los Angeles. Her current production is "The Imaginary Life of the Street Sweeper" August G at CASA 0101 and The TriTone Music and Art Festival Oct 19-21 in Chino, CA.
Ms. Espinoza is a Board Member for CASA 0101 Theater in East Los Angeles and serves as Vice President of Thirteen Senses, a non-for-profit that she co-founded with author Victor Villasenor. She is an active participant with Las Comadres para las Américas, and appointed the 1st Ambassador for Wise Latinas Linked. In her spare time she is also a folk artist and craftswoman depicting her philosophy into her art and sprit by reclaiming and finding… beauty in everything! Ask her advice on any topic, and she will reply: Chose LOVE.
About HumaniTV
HumaniTV, headquartered in Austin, Texas, serves as the media, marketing & technology division of The Humanitarian Ambassadors Foundation (HAF) a nonprofit based in Austin, Texas and Connecticut. HumaniTV believes that life is a WE thing, not a ME thing, and that service to one another is the only path to sustainable life, joy and blessing for all! HumaniTV delivers the first and only deep, rich, and wide platform detailing the global perspective of man's plight to aid his fellow man. Using their revolutionary Internet TV & technology platforms, HumaniTV endeavors to "Connect, Train, Equip, & Deploy" individuals and institutions to save lives and impact communities as never before. HumaniTV challenges everyone, everywhere to Join Together, in the Journey from Awareness to Action!"
HumaniTV is a privately held company. For more information, visit www.humani.tv or call (512) 600-0880.
Pete Monfre
HumaniTV
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Rules will be needed especially for a constituent assembly; even the regular legislature may need some special rules for making a constitution, different from its regular rules of procedure. Smaller bodies, such as constitutional commissions, may not have such complex sets of rules, but will still need rules on matters such as how it makes decisions, finances, or how many members must be present to make up a quorum for a meeting.
This section focuses particularly on constituent assemblies, and to some extent on commissions, though the issues are relevant to all bodies that engage in constitution-making tasks.
A quorum is the number of people who must be present before discussion or a vote can take place. The idea is to prevent minorities from making decisions. Many legislatures have small quorums. Less than 50 percent would seem undesirable for a constituent assembly, which is supposed to be a true mirror of the nation. Uganda had the 50 percent quorum rule, but this proved difficult to achieve, especially as some members were ministers. In Nepal the interim constitution says that for most purposes there must be at least 25 percent of the constituent assembly members present. This is quite low; discussion could begin when only women were present, or only men, or only members of one or two castes or ethnic groups.
At least for a vote, a higher quorum should be required. If there is to be a vote that requires a special majority (two-thirds of the membership is common), then at least that number must be present. But it does mean that debate can have taken place with far fewer members present.
The quorum rule can be a source of delaying tactics. The body should clearly be well attended, but members should not be able to exploit the rule to adjourn debate in order to delay decisions. The chair ought to be able to adjourn the meeting, however, if the numbers present clearly make debate pointless.
The rules for committees could be different. They could also make it possible for the chair or convenor of a committee to decline to allow discussion to begin if, for good reason, no representatives of a particular group were present. But no group should be allowed to hold the committee for ransom by failing to turn up.
The quorum rule alone cannot be relied upon to ensure attendance. Other factors include where the body meets (are there too many distractions?), whether for other reasons the process isallowed to drag on for too long, and the effectiveness of the chair. There is also the vexed question of attendance allowances. They are not unusual, but must be properly policed or members will simply sign and go away. Publicity attached to attendance may help in some societies.
Rules must recognize the freedom of speech—of all people. In some parliaments a person must "catch the speaker's eye"—which may work against the less experienced members, and perhaps especially against women. In some assemblies the procedure has been for members to tell the chair in advance that they wish to speak on an article, and the chair will call on them in the order in which they appear on his or her list (e.g., as in Timor-Leste ). Such an arrangement has the disadvantage that successive speakers do not respond to each other but simply deliver their prepared statements on the topic. Another possibility—drawn from the Kenyan National Constitutional Conference—is to provide each member with a large card on which the member's enrolment number is printed. This is raised to indicate a wish to speak.
It is absolutely essential that there be a way to limit the length of speeches. The length of permitted speeches will probably be influenced by the size of the deliberating body, and by the stage of the process. In Uganda there was a thirty-minute limit during the initial debate—but the body comprised only 214 members. In Kenya there was a ten-minute limit, but there were 629 members. In Bolivia, during the "Vision of the Country" debate at an early stage in the process, each political group had a maximum of three hours. Committees were given two hours to report to the plenary. In debates on major motions, regional groupings had one hour each. At the decision-making stage when votes were to be taken, each member had no more than ten minutes per section to vote. And to make a motion, only two minutes were allowed.
There is a risk that extended time periods might be given only to political parties, rather than to other interest groups. It would be possible to allow other groups—which might include women, people with disabilities, or minority groups that may cross party lines, according to the particular country's circumstances—to be given extended time.
The rules of the Indian constituent assembly provided that Hindustani (Urdu or Hindi) or English could be used, but, if the president of the constituent assembly took the view that a member could not express himself or herself in one of those languages, that member could address the constituent assembly in his or her native tongue and a summary could be provided for members in English or Hindustani. In Timor-Leste the official languages of the constituent assembly were Portuguese and the local lingua franca, Tetum, but members could express themselves in English or Indonesian (despite hostility from some to the use of Indonesian, viewed as the language of the oppressors). In Bolivia the rules of the constituent assembly provided that plenary and committee sessions would rely on interpreters and translators so that members could express themselves in their native tongues (article 52). Provisions about sign language could also be explicit.
Rules requiring suitable notice of any issue to be discussed help in ensuring that members do know when they should be present in order to make contributions on issues about which they feel strongly. The Bolivian rules usually required twenty-four-hour notice for documents.
Also important are rules that ensure that members are addressed and listened to with respect— that other people do not use insulting language, or speak on their mobile phones in the hall, or read the newspaper or gossip with their neighbors. Rules may become rather complex and intimidating on these points, and care should be taken not to be overly formal. There may be other solutions to some problems; the parliament in Nepal has mobile phone–jamming devices.
A majority of those present and voting (sometimes called a "simple majority"); if fifty people are present, and eighteen vote for a motion and twelve vote against it, the motion is carried, even though this was not a majority of all those present.
A majority of those present (which means that those who are present but abstain from voting are counted as having voted against); where the issue to be voted upon is whether to amend a draft constitution, this rule makes it difficult for the amendment to be accepted, which may be a desirable provision.
A majority of all the members, whether present or not, and which means a number greater than 50 percent of all members (sometimes called an "absolute majority"); sometimes care is taken to say that "all the members" does not include any vacant seats.
At least two-thirds of all the members, whether present or not (often used for constitution- making decisions).
At least 75 percent of all the members, whether present or not (sometimes used to amend constitutional clauses regarded as being of particularly great significance).
Note that these rules assume the normal pattern in formal decision-making bodies: that all decisions are "binary"—a member votes either "for" or "against." Even if there are several solutions to a question, the decision-making will be structured so that each one is voted on separately.
The question was: did this mean just the largest number of those voting—or a majority of those present? The latter would mean that a person who was present but abstained was in effect voting against the motion. Members of the assembly were divided. A foreign expert favored the latter interpretation (Kathlene 1994: 565).
It is desirable for all these rules to be spelled out clearly. A note on the "simple majority" question: on the one hand, the interpretation that it requires more than half of those present does mean that a motion requires substantial support. But the rule drafters could, and should if this is what they meant, have been specific and said "a majority of those present." The normal meaning of "simple majority" in English is "a majority of those present and voting." "Absolute majority" would most likely have meant "a majority of those present"—as a member of the Timor-Leste constituent assembly pointed out. To allow silence to be a vote against does make it easy to abstain. When the issue is whether to amend a draft, it favors the draft.
Clear rules should specify a majority of what: "a majority of those present and voting," "a majority of those present," or even "a majority of all members," making the use of the term "a simple majority" unnecessary—and indeed, it is best avoided. Rules often require that those abstaining must also indicate that they are doing so, and that the numbers abstaining be recorded. Such a rule may act as a disincentive to members abstaining, something that is often a form of abdication of responsibility.
Administrative decisions may often appropriately be made by a simple majority ("a majority of those present and voting")—but care must be taken if these decisions might disadvantage particular groups. In many constitution-making processes the required majority is set at two- thirds of the entire body. The purpose of such a rule is to give groups within the assembly the incentive to persuade others to support them. It prevents a small minority standing in the way of a new constitution—which may be a consequence of a rule requiring a higher majority.
To require total agreement in every human endeavor is unrealistic. But a number of processes have set "consensus" as the objective—as in the South African process , and also in Kenya  and in Nepal [ongoing process]. "Consensus" presumably means something other than unanimity. Many people claim that seeking consensus was the traditional way of doing things in their culture. As the chair of the Uganda Constitutional Commission and (subsequently) chief justice of Uganda, Benjamin Odoki, notes, an Africa consensus involves "settling disputes by listening to everyone and taking into account all views. It is a painstaking exercise, which is most rewarding in the end because it produces no losers since all are winners, and promotes legitimacy and acceptable decisions" (Odoki 2005). In modern politics, however, consensus is often hard to achieve—even in Africa. In South Africa, the concept of "sufficient consensus" was developed; this meant that if the major parties, representing all the ethnic groups, agreed, the process could move on (but this did exclude some groups). In Nepal, consensus was defined as no vote against a provision in the constitution (regardless of how many abstained). Then there was to be a process to try to achieve agreement (through party leaders), and finally, if this proved impossible, a two-thirds majority of all the members would suffice. Consensus may be easier to achieve in small bodies, such as a commission.
Cultural practices and social expectations often make it hard for women to participate fully in public bodies. One writer (Aili Mari Tripp) says, "Even in parliamentary bodies, women have difficulty being taken seriously, being listened to, and are frequently subjected to humiliating stereotypes and derogatory remarks" (Tripp 2011: 153). In Timor-Leste  a female constituent assembly member raised the issue of domestic violence and was laughed at by many male members. There is also evidence of sexual harassment of women parliamentarians in some countries, including in South Africa (Geisler 2000: 618) and Uganda (Tripp 2001: 153, citing Tamale 1999), and even in Sweden (The Local 2007).
Research shows that male interruption of women speaking is more likely than any other type of harassment. In legislative committees in the United States, "women entered the discussion later, spoke less, took fewer turns, and made fewer interruptions than men" (Kathlene 1994: 565). In developing-country legislatures, parties are often weak, with patronage rather than rules being the governing principle—which makes it hard to fight for fair party procedures for women. These difficulties, which may affect other groups that have been marginalized from public life, should be borne in mind by those who draft rules.
A mechanism to handle deadlocks is almost bound to be required at some point, whether there is formal provision for it in the rules or not. (See part 2.5.2.) At different stages of a process, voting may work in different ways. If a document is being adopted for the first time, it is probable that a particular vote in favor will be required. At some stage, however, a draft already prepared by a particular process may then be presented to another body. There are basically two ways for that draft to be considered: either it is to be presumed to be the final constitution unless it is changed, or it is to be viewed as a proposal only. In Uganda the draft prepared by the constitution commission could be changed in the constituent assembly, but only if a motion to change it was moved and it passed by a two-third majority. But in Kenya , the adoption of any clause of the new constitution required a two-thirds majority of the constituent assembly. In Kenya , proposals to a draft constitution could be made by the parliament only by a two-thirds majority of all the members. Although there were at least that number present in the parliament, every time a vote was called members melted away—so that not a single one of 150 proposed amendments was passed, and only one was voted on.
Some constituent assemblies have made provision for secret ballots. This was possible in the Constitutional Loya Jirga in Afghanistan . In that instance there was a genuine risk of intimidation by warlords. In Nepal some members expressed concern that they might be subject to pressure, and some civil society activists were worried that members from various ethnic or caste groups and women would not have freedom to represent those groups, but would be essentially "vote banks" for their parties and their concerns. Secret voting would give members a way out of this dilemma.
Generally there are strong arguments against secret ballots, which are essentially antidemocratic: the electorate should know how the people for whom they voted carry out their responsibilities. There is also a risk in some countries of bribery; this certainly took place in the Kenyan National Constitutional Conference . A secret ballot may encourage bribery—because no one would know how individuals voted and would therefore not know whether they have been influenced by factors such as bribery. Some members might be tempted not to think hard about how they should vote, because they would not be answerable for it. Finally, most decision- making will probably take place in committees where secret voting is less feasible—either because voting will be a more open affair, or because smaller numbers will make it harder to conceal how members vote. It is unrealistic to expect political parties to agree to secret voting if they are determined to exercise control.
There are various ways of indicating a vote: a voice vote (where all those in favor simultaneously say "Yes" and then those against say "No," and the chair judges by the volume who prevails), a show of hands, passing through division lobbies ("Yes" voters through one room and "No" voters through the other, or the equivalent of walking to the front of the hall to place a vote in an urn or box), electronic voting by pressing a button at each member's seat, and a roll-call vote, in which the name of each person is called out and the voter must indicate his or her response out loud.
The voice vote is partially anonymous: the person sitting next to a member may know how his or her neighbour voted, but the person presiding and the public may not. This procedure was used when the Kenyan parliament adopted the proposed constitution—to go to referendum— in 2010. Though the "Aye" vote sounded overwhelming, it is not possible for anyone to say exactly who said "Aye"—and this may explain why so many members of parliament felt able to argue against the document in the referendum campaign. The roll call was used in Timor- Leste —not as a routine, but for a few issues of symbolic significance, for example in connection with the flag. Such a voting system is impractical for large constituent assemblies. This technique was used in the French constituent assembly; according to Jon Elster, "a procedure that enabled members or spectators to identify those who opposed radical measures, and to circulate lists with their names in Paris" (Elster 1993: 180).
In Timor-Leste each member had three cards and voted by holding them up: green, red, and blue (for, against, and abstain). At one point it was suggested that rather than having each group hold up its cards separately, all should hold them up together and they could be counted by three people simultaneously. This would not work with six hundred people (as in the constituent assemblies of Kenya  or Nepal [ongoing process]).
One issue in constituent assemblies is: How far ought party members to be subject to a requirement to vote according to "party line"—or how extensive ought the party line to be? There are topics on which a party may genuinely have a firm position. But "whips" (a term used in some countries to refer to the party officials who exercise voting discipline) are not readily compatible with consensus—unless they are used to encourage party support for a consensus reached among leaders. Even then, if members have to be "whipped" into support, it hardly seems to indicate a national consensus.
Absence of discipline is likely to produce a more well-informed debate. In some countries it is common for matters of conscience to be a subject for a free vote (but this may produce unreasoned populist voting on certain issues). In Nepal, despite much advance discussion, the rules were silent on this—presumably leaving it to party discretion whether to apply party discipline in any particular context.
Should there be a formal possibility of cross-party alliances or caucuses? Women's caucuses are common in legislatures around the world. Sometimes they are composed of women members from a single party, and sometimes they are cross-party. In the constitution-making process in Uganda, as Aili Mari Tripp noted, the assembly's female delegates formed a nonpartisan women's caucus. It offered workshops on parliamentary procedures, speech-making, and how to build a coalition; it also made sure that the women's views and concerns were represented in a weekly radio program on the assembly's debates (Tripp 2001: 150).
In Nepal an attempt to recognize a women's caucus in the rules was unsuccessful, defeated by the parties' reluctance to lose control.
The whole process of a constituent assembly should be characterized by transparency. The public should know what is about to be debated, and by whom. Papers on which discussions are to be based should be publicly available in time to permit interested parties to make submissions and get in contact with observers.
there is the risk that members will be tempted to play to the gallery rather than concentrate on the business at hand. The South African parliament, when debating the constitution, had some experience of this when committees were televised. The Philadelphia convention making the United States constitution decided to sit in secret partly because of a fear that its members would be reluctant to change their minds if those minds had been revealed in public. The Spanish constituent assembly  had a secrecy rule for the committees. Jon Elster, who has studied several processes, suggests that sitting in public inhibits genuine discussion by privileging stubbornness and grandstanding. On the other hand, he suggests that secrecy encourages more interest-based bargaining than deliberation. His conclusion is that committees should sit in private and the plenary in public (Elster 1995: 386).
The administration of the constitution-making body should be responsible for ensuring that there is a constant flow of accurate information to the public. (See part 2.3.11 on the media.) In Timor-Leste a short daily bulletin was put out in several languages. Other methods include a newsletter and a website (which would be used by a limited range of groups but would be a resource for the media and for NGOs). The rules may not go into any detail on these issues, but it would be wise to make it clear where responsibility primarily lies—though this should not preclude civil society from monitoring and publicizing the work of the body.
One way to set up a structured relationship between a constitution-making body and the public is to have accredited observers to the body. Such observers would represent organizations or interests that did not otherwise have an adequate voice in the constitution-making body. These could be professions, religious groups, ethnic or linguistic groups, or possibly certain major NGOs. They should not be too many in number—which means that they must represent substantial (in the sense of important) interest groups or issues. Narrowly focused groups' concerns could be met by their having access to relevant thematic committees. Observers could have the right to attend all plenary and committee meetings of the assembly, but not to speak or vote. They could interact with members in an informal way, having the right to eat where the members ate. They could thus have the opportunity to persuade, but not in any way to coerce.
Quorum: it would be normal for a smaller body to have a higher quorum in percentage terms than a constituent assembly. This is to avoid the risk that important issues will be decided on by small numbers, and also because each member of a commission may represent different interests; more than in a large body, the absence of a single person is likely to mean that some voices cannot be heard.
Notification of meetings: especially when a body meets part-time, it is important that all members are given due notice of meetings.
Record keeping: it may more easily be overlooked in a small body that it is important to keep proper records of discussions, and ensure that they are retained in a secure place.
Speaking rules: it can be just as difficult to be heard in a small group as in a large one.
A small group of people may develop a good relationship, and even become friends. But this may make it harder and not easier to impose discipline on members. Rules are therefore important—even if the atmosphere means they do not have to be relied on frequently. And if the atmosphere sours—as it has in some commissions—rules that make all the members feel they have a fair chance to participate may become important.


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Live + 3 Day Ratings: ABC's Wednesday Premieres Post Big Playback Gains Across the Board
ABC further spins the numbers for Wednesday, September 23.
[via press release from ABC]
Live+3: ABC's Wednesday Premieres Post Big Playback Gains Across the Board
Live + 3 Day data for Wednesday, 9/23/15
ABC claimed 4 of the Top 5 gainers in TV playback on Wednesday among Adults 18-49 with Modern Family (+1.7 rating points) - #2, black-ish (+1.1 rating points) - #3 and The Goldbergs and Nashville (+0.9 rating points) tied at #4. All four shows towered over the Live+3 lifts of Fox's Rosewood debut (+0.4 rating points) and CBS' Survivor premiere (+0.6 rating points) and Big Brother finale (+0.4 rating points). In addition, ABC's Nashville was the night's biggest percentage gainer on the broadcast networks among young adults (+75%).
In the Live 3 ratings, the season premieres of black-ish (3.5 rating) and The Goldbergs (3.3) moved ahead of Survivor (3.1) to rank as the #3 and #4 shows, respectively, of the night in Adults 18-49. In addition, ABC's Modern Family premiere emerged as Wednesday's 2nd-most-watched TV show, leapfrogging over Survivor to lead by 14% (13.1 million vs. 11.5 million). In the 8pm hour, the season openers of The Middle and The Goldbergs delivered an average rating of 3.1 with Adults 18-49, beating Rosewood by 11% (2.8).
·	The Middle soared to a 2.8 L+3 rating among Adults 18-49, growing over its year-ago season premiere by 4% (2.7 rating) and matching its highest-rated L+3 telecast in 2 years - since 9/25/13.
·	With a +0.7 rating points gain over its L+SD rating, The Middle scored an all-time playback high among Adults 18-49.
·	The Goldbergs shot up to a 3.3 with Adults 18-49 to match the series' 2nd-highest L+3 rating ever - its best since its series debut 2 years ago on 9/24/13 coming out of S.H.I.E.L.D. After holding steady in the L+SD ratings, The Goldbergs ended up growing over last season's premiere by 3% (3.2 rating) among young adults in the L+3 numbers.
·	The Goldbergs delivered a larger L+3 lift this year versus last season's premiere (+0.9 rating points vs. +0.8 rating points), tying its biggest-ever playback increase.
·	With a 3.5 among Adults 18-49, black-ish delivered its best L+3 rating since early-November - since 11/12/14.
·	The season premiere of Nashville grew to a 2.1 L+3 rating in Adults 18-49, an increase of 5% over its season finale (2.0 rating) and its strongest L+3 number since March - since 3/4/15. With a 2.1 rating, Nashville came within 1-tenth of its year-ago opener (2.2) in the L+3 numbers.
·	Catapulting +75% over its L+SD rating, Nashville posted a bigger L+3 lift than its year-ago premiere for the 3rd straight year among young adults (+39% - +45% - +57% - +75%).
Below are Total Viewers for ABC's Wednesday premieres including 3 days of online streaming and Live+3 TV playback:
The Middle - 10.1 million Total Viewers (from 8.2 million in L+SD)
The Goldbergs - 9.7 million (from 7.6 million)
Modern Family - 14.0 million (from 9.5 million)
black-ish - 10.6 million (from 7.3 million)
Nashville - 7.6 million (from 4.9 million)
Source: The Nielsen Company, as dated. Based on original telecasts only.
· BLACK-ISH (ABC)
· GOLDBERGS, THE (ABC)
· MIDDLE, THE (ABC)
· MODERN FAMILY (ABC)
· NASHVILLE (CMT)
· SURVIVOR (CBS)


Jane Brodsky and Katie Geffken are the lady bosses of Biker Barre, the first-ever indoor cycling and Barre studio in Washington DC. Since opening in 2012, Biker Barre has won various awards, rave reviews, and is very much loved by its local community.
Jane and Katie left their traditional corporate careers to pursue an entrepreneurial dream in fitness. In today's interview, they talk about co-founder relationship, competing with large national fitness chains, and their secrets for attracting and retaining customers. They especially emphasize the importance of building a community around the business. This is a very thought provoking episode no matter whether you're in the fitness industry or not.
Tagged barre, community, competition, cycling, exercise, fitness, health, small business.


The first, beta release of the CtrlAltStudio Viewer. It provides initial stereoscopic 3D support for people to try out.
Based on Firestorm 4.4.0 code. Many thanks to the Firestorm team for providing this codebase.
Text bubbles and floating text are not displayed in stereoscopic 3D.
3D UI such as land boundaries and object editing is not displayed in stereoscopic 3D.
Stereoscopic 3D doesn't work on NVIDIA GeForce with basic shaders turned on.
No sound: The FMOD sound library is not included in the build.
No version checking: No check for a newer viewer version is done.
No Second Life physics: The HAVOK library is not included with the viewer.


Do you want to understand how people communicate? In this major, you will learn the ways people create, exchange, and are affected by interpersonal, mass, health, and social influence messages. You can also learn about small group, intergroup, political, and organizational communication.
Strong communication skills are reported as the number one requirement that companies look for when hiring. The communication major provides you with skills that are useful for a variety of professional careers.
Join a professor's research team. Study abroad in Orvieto, Italy, or Barcelona, Spain. Complete an internship with a private or nonprofit organizations, including the Legislature. Join a club such as the Arizona Communication Association or the Arizona Student Public Relations Society.


The tail-happy Toyota GT86 did a continuous drift that lasted over 100 miles.
It's hard not to gasp in awe at the masterful car control on display by drifters. While many will argue over which car is the ultimate drifting machine, acclaimed South African motoring journalist Jesse Adams elected the tail-happy Toyota GT86 as the ideal car to set a new record for the world's longest drift. While the record certification is still pending, Adams showed off his sideways driving skills and eventually broke the record, executing a prolonged drift that lasted a distance of 102.5 miles (165.04 kilometers).
Impressively, this beat the previous record set by German driver Harald Muller by 24.376 km (15.14 miles), who completed an 89-mile (144 km) drift in the same car. The record was set on a partially wet skidpan at the Gerotek test facilities in Turkey, using a demarcated circle with inner and outer borders. For the attempt to be successful, the wheels were not allowed to stop spinning during the run, but a change of direction was allowed providing the wheels stayed in motion. Should the wheels stop, the run would be disallowed and the driver would need to restart their attempt from scratch. Adams' record attempt took five hours and 46 minutes and completed 1,000 laps at the skid pad.
It was recorded by two independent GPS-based VBOX dataloggers measuring time, distance, speed, direction of travel and altitude, while timekeepers and official witnesses kept track of lap times, lap count, spins and change of direction. Each lap averaged 18 mph, and out of the 1,000 completed laps only 48 were disallowed from the record attempt. Adams beat the prior record after 800 laps, but the determined drifter kept pushing to beat it by a significant margin. The Toyota GT86 used for the record run was entirely stock, apart from the addition of a larger fuel tank in the spare-wheel-well area. Despite torturing the tires for over five hours, Adams was still able to drive the GT86 home.


Momentum QMS empowers teams to work together to realize their shared goals.
Automated business processes allow information to flow freely and continuously between individuals and teams allowing them to work together from any location at any time. Multiple tasks can be planned and implemented bringing a diverse group of individuals together in order to share knowledge and expertise in order to solve complex problems.
Categorise all tasks so you know what your commitments are.
Collaborate with your peers and see the full history of any task.
Prioritize your tasks so that you are always on top of things.


"I just wish I was a Lupe; then I wouldn't have to worry about this so much..."
"Caylis!" she shrieked in surprise. She almost dropped her bucket of shells in astonishment. "Caylis, you came back!"
Master Vex froze as he was starting to hand over the neopoints that the Blumaroo had won. "What did you say?"
Go fly a kite! It is more than fun; it is wonderful, fantastic, and perfect. Go fly a kite!
Hungry Pirates Equal High Payouts?!
If you're tired of restocking or playing flash games, placing bets on overweight pirates is just the thing for you!
Having a Dinner Party... IN SPACE!
This article is about recipes bringing Neopians and Kreludites and Space Station... erm... ites? together with cuisine.
Jhudora sighed deeply, drumming her fingers on the armrest of her throne, clearly annoyed. "Another prank, I assume..."


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Home › England › Yorkshire › Kettlewell › Dale House
Dale House - Kettlewell, Yorkshire, England
Dale House
Large Spacious Lounge
Dining room seating 24
Spa Bathroom
Kettlewell playground
The Racehorses
The Kings Head
River at Kettlewell
£1750 - £2170 weekly price range
Sleeps 9 to 24 people in 9 bedrooms
Family-Friendly: Cot, High Chair available.
Rating: Not assessed
The owner/agency for Dale House has been advertising with Country Cottages Online for more than 13 years. Read More
£1750 per week
Interested in Booking?
Contact Nigel at Dale House on 01756 749 330 (mobile: 0781 009 0861) or complete the enquiry form.
Dale House is located in the village of Kettlewell, surrounded by spectacular countryside with stunning views up and down the upper Wharfe Valley in the very heart of the Yorkshire Dales National Park. Kettlewell is an excellent location for touring by car around the Yorkshire Dales, with many villages and small towns offering refreshments and attractions from museums about dales life through the ages to caves filled with limestone formations or even local crafts and art galleries offering works inspired by the scenery. Suitable for large groups of up to 24, the house is perfect for family celebrations and as holiday accommodation for walkers and ramblers, birdwatchers and other groups of people who wish to enjoy the Yorkshire Dales.
With Exposed Beams
Laundry room with large washer and tumble dryer, can be used for storing bikes securely
Video or DVD
Type of Cooker: Electric
Dining Table Seats: 24
12 Single Bed(s)
1 Bunk Bed(s)
Jacuzzi Bath
Owner's Website Enquire Now
The dining room is equipped to seat up to 24 people in comfort. The kitchen is equipped with dishwashers, microwaves, electric ovens and hobs for cooking for large parties. Sitting room with open log fire, colour Tv, DVD player, video and a video library for optional evening entertainment. A drying room with boot racks allows you to dry and air your equipment after days out in the Dales. There is a washing machine, tumble dryer and freezer to make self-catering easy. Wifi is available throughout the house.
Some of the 9 bedrooms have en-suite bathrooms with spa baths, others a shower or wash basin. There are 2 separate house bathrooms with a spa bath to bubble away any aches and pains after walking. All bedrooms have bed linens and towels.
We take a 25% deposit, the balance is payable 8 weeks before the booking.
Kettlewell is a long established village, mentioned in the Doomsday Survey of 1086 when it was known as Cheteleuuelle which means a bubbling stream or spring, it later became known as Ketelwell in 1189. Kettlewell is a thriving traditional dales village with approximately 300 houses, a Village Hall, which is available for hire, a Church, a primary school and childrens' playing field. There is also a Village Store along with a garage offering mechanical services and selling fuel. The larger village of Grassington is just 6 miles away with a good selection of shops and a bank. The traditional market town of Skipton has the usual high street shops, Tesco and Morrisons supermarkets and is just 15 miles away, 30 minutes drive. The wider area offers many interesting places to visit, the list is almost endless but a sample are given below. In the Southern Dales of Wharfedale, Airedale and beyond you can find; Kilnsey where the dramatic crag overshadows the road, across the river is Conistone with it's pony trekking centre. Grassington with its cobbled square, shops, cafes, Folk Museum and National Park visitor centre is also home to the Dickensian Festival in December and Music Festival in June. Following the road from Grassington towards the picturesque village of Burnsall to Parcevall Hall Gardens. Bolton Abbey is the next site on the way, Yorkshire estate of the Duke and Duchess of Devonshire, with it's famous 12th Century Priory, Strid Wood Nature Trail with full wheelchair and pushchair access leading to the infamous Strid river crossing. Further through Bolton Abbey is the Bolton Abbey Station for the Embsay and Bolton Abbey Steam Railway often visited by Thomas the Tank Engine amongst others. Leaving Wharfedale for Airedale is a traditional market town of Skipton with markets held on a Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday you can also visit the Medieval Castle, the Craven Museum and take a narrow boat trip along the Leeds to Liverpool canal. Following the river through to Ilkley with the Cow and Calf rocks on the moor over looking the town and White Wells spa but don't go onto Ilkley moor ba' tat. Leeds and Bradford are easily reached from here with the Royal Armouries and Tetley's brewery in Leeds and Salt's Mill and the National Museum of Film and Photography being excellent day trips.
Nearest Train Station or Airport: Skipton Train Station
Recommended Places to Visit: Eastern Dale of Nidderdale and Stump Cross Caverns visitor centre with the extraordinary formations of stalagmites and stalactites, the well known spa town of Harrogate, York with it's rich Viking and Roman history, the Shambles street amazing restored Minster and National Railway Museum makes a fascinating day out. the Northern Dales of Wensleydale, Coverdale, Bishopdale, Swaledale, Arkengarthdale and Lower Teesdale are Hawes home to the Wensleydale creamery much loved by Wallace and Gromit, a traditional ropemaker, Dales Countryside Museum and spectacular Hardraw Force, Herriot Country. There is just so much to see and do in Yorkshire. Visit our own website using the web link below for more suggestions.
Annual Events: During the summer months Kettlewell is home to the scarecrow festival, and other villages have fetes and shows where the prized farm animals can be seen in the show ring, and other competitions are held including fell races, sheep dog trials, show jumping, motor bike trials, not forgetting prize vegetables and baking competitions.
Recommended Places to Eat Out: Kettlewell has 3 pubs the Bluebell Hotel dating back to 1680, the Racehorses Hotel a coaching inn from 1740 and the Kings Head. They all serve food at lunch time and evening, both bar meals and restaurant meals are available. Also 2 Tea Rooms serve food all day from breakfast through to evening Bistro style meals.
Local Sports: Heated swimming pool or game of squash in 'Long Ashes' leisure complex just outside Threshfield. Cyclists can enjoy the open roads and mountain biking is available on the areas many 'green' roads. The rivers provide excellent trout fishing.
Kettlewell is a thriving traditional dales village with approximately 300 houses, a Village Hall, which is available for hire, a Church, a primary school and childrens' playing field. Other amenities include 3 Pubs, the Bluebell Hotel dating back to 1680, the Racehorses Hotel a coaching inn from 1740 and the Kings Head, they all serve food at lunch time and evening, both bar meals and restaurant meals are available. Two Tea Rooms serve food all day from breakfast through to evening Bistro style meals. There is also a Post Office and Village Store along with a village garage offering mechanical services and selling fuel.
Find out More about Dale House
Please visit the Owner's website to find out more about the holiday cottage, amenities, surrounding area and places to visit in Yorkshire.
East House Country Cottage England, Yorkshire, Appersett
Three Peaks Barn, Yorkshire Dales National Park England, Yorkshire, Chapel le Dale
New Close Cottage England, Yorkshire, Kirkby Malham
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Charisma Carpenter (July 23, 1970) is an American actress, born in Las Vegas, Nevada.
She is best known for her role as Cordelia Chase in the TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and its spin-off Angel. She has also had a recurring role on Charmed, Veronica Mars, and The Lying Game. Charisma also had a minor part in The Expendables movie series.
Carpenter was named #31 on Askmen.com's Top 99 Most Desirable Women 2002 and #44 on their 2005 list.
In 2002 Charisma Carpenter married Damian Hardy, but got divorce in 2008. Couple have a son.


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Tommy Atkins oder kurz Tommy ist eine Bezeichnung für einen einfachen Soldaten des britischen Heeres, die im 19. Jahrhundert aufkam und im kollektiven Gedächtnis der Briten besonders eng mit dem Ersten Weltkrieg verknüpft ist.

Im Verlauf des Krieges ging Tommy auch in die deutsche Soldaten- und Umgangssprache ein (außerdem ins Französische, ins Niederländische und in weitere Sprachen) und hat hier seither einen gewissen Bedeutungswandel erfahren: Ist im Deutschen von "Tommies" die Rede, ist heute seltener die British Army gemeint als vielmehr "die Briten" (oder "die Engländer") im Allgemeinen, zumeist in abwertender Absicht. Die Bezeichnung stellt im Deutschen mithin einen Ethnophaulismus dar. Eine ganz ähnliche Entwicklung lässt sich beim Wort Limey beobachten, das ursprünglich auf die Matrosen der Royal Navy gemünzt war.

Im Englischen überwiegt hingegen die Bedeutung "Soldat". Als Demonym, also als ethnische Selbst- oder auch Fremdbezeichnung der Briten – oder vielmehr der Engländer – begegnet Tommy hier allenfalls in Zusammenhang mit bzw. in Abgrenzung zu den Spitznamen Jock, Taffy und Paddy, mit denen die Engländer traditionell jeweils Schotten, Waliser und Iren bedenken, also die Einwohner der drei kleineren Landesteile des Vereinigten Königreichs.

Etymologie
Die gängigste Hypothese zum Ursprung des Spitznamens (der etwa das Oxford English Dictionary (OED) folgt) führt ihn auf den Umstand zurück, dass Thomas Atkins im 19. Jahrhundert in einigen vom War Office veröffentlichten Musterformularen als Platzhaltername verwendet wurde (vergleichbar dem deutschen "Max Mustermann"), insbesondere und nachweislich bereits 1815 in den Soldbüchern für Infanteristen (betitelt Collection of Orders, Regulations, &c.). Die Stelle, an der der Soldat sein Kreuz machen bzw. seine Unterschrift leisten sollte, um den Erhalt seines Solds zu quittieren, war hier über zahlreiche Auflagen und einige Jahrzehnte hinweg mit der Anweisung "Received, Thomas Atkins, his x mark" versehen. Ab 1837 taucht Thomas Atkins als fiktiver Mustersoldat auch in mehreren Ausgaben der King's Regulations (bzw. ab 1840 der Queen's Regulations) auf, also in der maßgeblichen Zusammenstellung der Dienstvorschriften für die britischen Streitkräfte.

Unklar ist indes, ob seine Verwendung in den Collection of Orders und den King's Regulations den Ursprung des Spitznamens Thomas Atkins darstellt oder vielmehr einen bereits seit längerem etablierten Sprachgebrauch abbildet. Für letzteres spräche ein Brief, den ein Leserbriefschreiber des Spectator 1938 als Beleg anführte und dessen Verfasser bereits 1743 über den Verlauf einer Meuterei unter den auf Jamaica stationierten Briten berichtet habe, dass "except for those from N. America ye Marines and Tommy Atkins behaved splendidly" ("außer denen aus N[ord]amerika haben sich alle Matrosen und Tommy Atkins tüchtig benommen"). Dieses Zitat wird bis heute häufig kolportiert, unter anderem in John Laffins Bestseller Tommy Atkins: The Story of the British Soldier (1966), ist aber wohl gefälscht; zumindest weist das OED ausdrücklich darauf hin, dass seine angebliche Quelle, also der Brief von anno 1743, bis heute nicht ausfindig gemacht werden konnte. Ebenso fragwürdig sind die verschiedentlich angestrengten Versuche, den Begriff auf einen leibhaftigen Träger des Namens Thomas Atkins zurückzuführen, so auch die häufig zu lesende Behauptung, der Duke of Wellington höchstselbst habe ihn im Angedenken an einen Fußsoldaten namens Thomas Atkins geprägt, der 1794 in der Schlacht bei Boxtel seinen Verletzungen erlegen und Wellington mit seinem Gleichmut im Angesicht des Todes beeindruckt haben soll. Diese Version findet sich unter anderem in Robert Graves' Good-bye to All That (1929) – also einem der bekanntesten Werke über die Erfahrung des Ersten Weltkriegs nicht nur der englischen Literatur – und noch heute im renommierten Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (das dem Gefreiten Thomas Atkins sogar einen eigenen Artikel widmet und ihn also als historische Person führt), es gebricht ihr aber sowohl an historischer Wahrscheinlichkeit als auch an zeitgenössischen Belegen: die älteste Quelle für die Geschichte von Wellington und dem tapferen Gefreiten datiert erst auf das Jahr 1908.

Ohnehin scheint Thomas Atkins bzw. Tommy Atkins oder schlicht Tommy als Spitzname für den britischen Soldaten erst seit etwa 1870 weite Verbreitung gefunden zu haben (wiewohl er im britischen Slang durchaus früher im Umlauf gewesen sein mag). Zu seiner Popularisierung trug maßgeblich Rudyard Kiplings Gedicht Tommy (1892) bei, aber auch der Gassenhauer Private Tommy Atkins aus der Revue A Gaiety Girl (1893). Im kollektiven Gedächtnis der Briten verknüpft sich der Begriff heute vor allem mit der Erfahrung des Ersten Weltkriegs. Als "Tommy" wurden die britischen Soldaten ab 1914 nicht nur von der enthusiamierten Heimatpresse bezeichnet, sondern etwa auch von den deutschen Soldaten auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Front, umgekehrt nannten die Briten die Deutschen zumeist "Fritz," bisweilen auch "Jerry". An "Tommy" respektive "Fritz" adressierte Unfreundlichkeiten tauschten die beiden Seiten häufig direkt aus, indem sie entsprechende Flüche ins Niemandsland zwischen den Schützengräben riefen.

Zumindest Tommy und Tom (nicht aber Tommy Atkins) werden in Großbritannien bisweilen noch heute als Spitznamen für Soldaten der Mannschaftsdienstgrade gebraucht, wenn auch seltener als squaddie; im britischen Armeejargon meint Tom im Besonderen Angehörige des Parachute Regiment, also die Fallschirmjäger.

Vom Spitznamen Tommy abgeleitet ist die Bezeichnung Tommy cooker für "Feldkocher" die im Zweiten Weltkrieg als "Tommykocher" auch den Weg in die deutsche Landsersprache fand, hier aber zu einem Spottnamen für die Sherman-Panzer der britischen Armee umgemünzt wurde, die unter Beschuss oft schon bei leichten Treffern in Brand gerieten. Die Tommy gun, die in der Zwischenkriegszeit als bevorzugte Waffe amerikanischer Mobster berühmt wurde und im Zweiten Weltkrieg auch von den britischen Streitkräften genutzt wurde, ist hingegen anders als häufig vermutet nach ihrem Erfinder, dem amerikanischen Offizier John T. Thompson, benannt.

Siehe auch
 Rotrock (Redcoat) – bis ins frühe 19. Jahrhundert gebräuchliche Bezeichnung für britische Fußsoldaten, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit dem Amerikanischen  Unabhängigkeitskrieg
 Doughboy – umgangssprachliche Bezeichnung für einen amerikanischen Soldaten, insbesondere im Ersten Weltkrieg
 Poilu – umgangssprachliche Bezeichnung für einen französischen Soldaten, insbesondere im Ersten Weltkrieg
 Landser (Soldat) – umgangssprachliche Bezeichnung für einen deutschen Soldaten, besonders im Zweiten Weltkrieg

Literatur
 Philip Carter: Atkins, Thomas (d. 1794), in: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.
 Peter Doyle und Robin Schäfer: Tommy and Fritz: Across the Barbed Wire. In: Julian Walker und Christophe Declercq (Hrsg.): Languages and the First World War: Communicating in a Transnational War. Palgrave Macmillan, London 2016, S. 79–97.
 John Laffin: Tommy Atkins: The Story of the English Soldier. Casell, London 1966.
 Harry Patch und Richard van Emden: The Last Fighting Tommy: The Life of Harry Patch, the Oldest Surviving Veteran of the Trenches. Bloomsbury, London 2007, ISBN 978-0-747591153.
 Julian Walker: Words and the First World War: Language, Memory, Vocabulary. Bloomsbury Academic, London 2017.

Weblinks

 Julian Walker: Slang Terms at the Front, Artikel auf der Website der British Library, publiziert am 29. Januar 2014.
 Dave Wilton: Tommy, Tommy Atkins; Artikel auf der Website wordorigins.org, 12. Januar 2016.

Einzelnachweise

Fachbegriff (Militärwesen)
Ethnophaulismus
Personenbezeichnung (Militär)
Militär (Vereinigtes Königreich)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Lok Seva Sangam began its still elusive Leprosy Elimination Campaign on February 5, 1976. Since then it has cured over 29000 patients and continues to do so through its 15 dermatological clinics. A dedicated physiotherapy team takes care of the needs of 250 deformed patients in the L and M Wards of Mumbai. In 2003 ,curing TB took a greater part of the team's efforts and controlling the spread of TB continues till date in even greater earnest having registered 9703 patients. The organisation was then invited to look into the problem of malnutrition and now works with 17 Anganwadis thus strengthening the ICDS programme.


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CAPITAL SOURCE
State wildlife board pick once pleaded guilty to a hunting charge. But he swears he didn't bait deer
By Matt Stout Globe Staff,June 14, 2019, 1:03 p.m.
Bob Durand (left, with Bill Weld).(Jessica Rinaldi/Globe Staff/file 2019)
Robert Durand wants the public to know: They weren't his apples.
Named last month to the board that sets the state's hunting regulations, Durand once ran afoul of the rules in neighboring Vermont, where he pleaded guilty in 2013 to a misdemeanor hunting charge.
Durand, a former secretary of environmental affairs under Paul Cellucci, paid about $480 in fines and fees, and was docked points on his hunting license after admitting he did not properly mark a tree stand near his property in Lamoille County.
But it's press coverage of the original count he faced — allegedly baiting deer using apples, considered a serious "big game" charge — that he's sought to set straight.
Durand said he disclosed his record to Governor Charlie Baker's administration before Baker tapped him for the Fisheries and Wildlife Board. And, before the late May announcement, he reached out to the Globe reporter who wrote the original 2013 story to see whether the Globe could run an update.
"I let the story go for all these years," Durand said recently.
Here's the backdrop: Vermont Fish & Wildlife wardens had spent days in October 2012 monitoring a tree stand where a hunter had been baiting deer with apples and corn, according to court documents. The practice was outlawed in Vermont years earlier to address Chronic Wasting Disease, a highly contagious illness spread among deer through, among other things, saliva.
Eventually, Jason Batchelder — now Vermont's chief game warden — and another official found a hunter, bow in hand and an arrow nocked, waiting in the stand with several apples below.
It was Durand.
"I assume [you're here] because of the apples," Durand said, according to a state report. "Officer, I assure you this is not my stand."
Durand told the wardens he had found the stand days earlier, and acknowledged he shouldn't have been in it, given the apples. He was issued a citation for baiting, which, like many hunting violations in Vermont, is handled in criminal court. Wardens also checked two stands Durand said he owned — one of which wasn't labeled — but found no apples or other bait there.
Months later, his charges were amended to the stand violation, and Durand pleaded guilty.
And that, it seemed, was that. Batchelder, in a phone interview, said Durand has no other violations on his Vermont record. "He's a fairly beloved guy up here," Batchelder said.
But for Durand, who runs an environmental consulting firm, the 2013 story was still hanging out there.
"Wrong place, wrong time," Durand said of the original charge. "And I made a mistake by getting up in that tree stand."
But, he reiterated, he didn't leave those apples, and emphasized his record on environmental issues, including when he served in the Legislature. And the charge he ultimately pleaded guilty to, he said, shouldn't disqualify him from serving on MassWildlife's board.
"It's like saying whoever gets a speeding ticket shouldn't work for the Registry of Motor Vehicles," he said. "Have you ever gotten a speeding ticket?"
Matt Stout can be reached at matt.stout@globe.com. Follow him on Twitter @mattpstout.


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Intersolar North America and Energy Storage North America Expand 2021 Solar Games to Eight-team Competition and $10,000 Top Prize
PORTLAND, Maine – June 17, 2020: Intersolar North America (ISNA) and Energy Storage North America (ESNA), the newly combined solar + storage conferences and expos, today announced the second annual Solar Games competition to be held January 12-14, 2021 at the events in Long Beach, California. Applications to compete in the Solar Games for the $10,000 top prize are open through October 2, 2020.
The Solar Games is a competition that tasks installation teams with building the main product components of a residential solar + storage system: solar modules, racking, inverters, and battery storage. Competing in a stadium setting equipped with two custom-built roofs, installation teams are scored on a point system for quality, safety, speed, and other criteria. The winning team from each match advances to the next round, with the championship-round winner named the Solar Games Champion.
The first-ever Solar Games Champion, Las Vegas-based Sol-Up, said the experience was both exciting and rewarding. "We enjoyed the opportunity to be part of this friendly but intense competition with other leading solar companies, giving it our best—and lucky enough to come out on top. The crowds made it even more exciting as we raced to beat the clock and create the best system. We look forward to defending our title and taking home the cash prize again in 2021," said Joseph Folken of Sol-Up.
The 2021 Solar Games will build upon the success of the inaugural competition by expanding to include more teams and partnerships. Eight teams will be selected to compete. A six-member advisory board will help guide the competition. Members include clean energy leaders from Everest Solar Systems, ReVision Energy, Rolls Battery Engineering, Institute for Building Technology & Safety, and Solar Cowboyz.
"We're looking forward to serving as the Solar Games' first advisors and being part of such a thrilling, yet educational challenge," said advisory board member, Sam Vanderhoof, President of Solar Cowboyz.
The 2021 Solar Games Champion team will be awarded $10,000 in addition to other prizes, including tickets to next year's NABCEP Continuing Education Conference and Solar Energy International training. They will also be guaranteed a slot in the 2022 competition—and receive an entire year's bragging rights as the 2021 Solar Games Champions.
Interested parties are encouraged to use this online form to connect with event organizers and to discuss how they can participate in the 2021 competition.


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Framing the question – history's lessons for winning and losing referenda
On Sunday, Greeks will go to the polls to vote in a crucial referendum. The politics are fraught, the media is frenzied and accusations and recriminations are already flying.
The ballot paper has attracted plenty of attention, both inside and outside of Greece. The question is detailed and, to eyes that are unaccustomed to non-Roman alphabets, impenetrable.
Some commentators have pointed out that the 'no' option is given first. It made me think about referenda ballots that have been decidedly imbalanced. When with these, Greece's ballot looks the model of democratic accountability.
1. Austrian referendum in 1938 on union with Germany
On 10 April 1938, Austrians went to the polls to decide the future of their country. At stake was whether Austria would join with Nazi Germany in a Greater German Empire.
Austria had emerged from the ruins of the Great War as a republic. The imperial heart of the Habsburg empire, Vienna, was now without both its monarchy and the bulk of its former territories and people.
The result was never really in doubt. Even so, the vote produced an eye-brow raising 99.73% support for the proposition. According to the official figures, only 11,929 people vote no (out of an electorate of 4,484,617). Did the ballot play a part?
It certainly wasn't a subtle ballot. It uses the unmistakably Teutonic font preferred by the Nazi regime. The circle for yes is twice the size as that for no. Yes is placed in the centre, under the large rendering of Adolf Hitler. No is placed, as a seeming after thought, off to the right.
It almost certainly had no material impact on the results. Still, it was crystal clear which option the authorities wanted you to pick.
2. Italian general election in 1934
General elections are usually different from referenda. The former ask you to choose between parties seeking to fill seats in the legislature and form a government. The latter ask the electorate's opinion of a specific question.
In Italy, the two merged into a strange election to validate an entirely fascist parliament. Voters could either vote for or against the National Fascist Party's list. They did so by folding a decidedly unsubtle ballot paper.
On one side, the vivid green and red stripes of the Italian flag frame the large YES option. To vote yes, the card was simply folded with the colours showing. The other side was plain white, with just the text of the question and NO. To select this option, the voter folded the card to hide the flag.
This was highly symbolic and also had the impact of destroying the secret ballot. It was clear who was voting yes and who was voting no. This goes some way to explaining the official result of 99.84% in favour of the National Fascist Party.
3. Chilean national consultation in 1978
In 1978, the United Nations accused Chile of human rights violations. President Pinochet responded with a referendum to demonstrate the support he enjoyed in the country.
The question was decidedly leading:
"Given the international aggression against the government of our country, I support President Pinochet in his defense of the dignity of Chile, and I confirm again the legitimacy of the Government of the Republic in its sovereign head of the institutionalization process in the country."
The ballot paper was even more so.
Vote yes, with the flag of Chile. Or vote no, with a black box further down the ballot paper.
4. Referendum on the future of the Soviet Union in 1991
By 1991, the Soviet Union was under considerable pressure from all sides. Pro-Soviet governments had collapsed across eastern Europe. More independent minded nationalities, such as Georgia, Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania, were straining to secede from the Union.
The authorities decided that a popular vote would bolster the Union, and declared a referendum. It was held on 17 March 1991. The ballot paper was admirably neutral, with equal prominence given to both options.
But the question was, at best, leading:
"Do you consider necessary the preservation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as a renewed federation of equal sovereign republics in which the rights and freedom of an individual of any nationality will be fully guaranteed?"
Many Soviet citizens did. The result was a landslide in favour, with 77.85% voting yes. This wasn't enough to save the USSR. Just over nine months later, the USSR was dissolved.
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