Isobel was a terrified little cat living on the streets in a small town outside of Lethbridge. Normally shy cats don't do this: charge into someone's house. But she did. She was desperate!
We don't use the designation 'bonded pair' without careful consideration. It can take longer to find a home for two; however, for Isobel especially, we feel strongly that keeping them together is in their best interests.
Isobel has made leaps and bounds since being rescued in 2016. Just see how relaxed she was to have her new pictures taken! Although initally she may be shy in a new home (many cats are!), we now know she can and will adapt into a new environment. In her foster home, she has turned into a little social butterfly. No longer afraid of humans, she loves to be petted and fussed over. It can take awhile for a little street cat like Isobel to trust, but the bond that is created when they let their guard down is truly lovely. When young Isobel was rescued and placed in a foster home, she met Morley. It was love at first sight! He became her safety net, her everything; where he is, you will find her too. He good-naturedly accepted the responsibility of looking out her and has made her life complete. It's not that Morley could not live without her, it's that she cannot live without him.
You are welcome to fill out an Adoption inquiry here for Morely and Isobel.


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text:
Chateau Ste. Michelle Cabernet Sauvignon 2006
Cabernet Sauvignon from Columbia Valley, Washington
750ML / 0% ABV
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W&S90
Try the 2016 Vintage 14 99
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Winemaker Notes
Our winemaking goal with the Columbia Valley Cabernet is to highlight concentrated Washington red fruit in an accessible style. This is our inviting Cab with plenty of complexity and structure. It's also very versatile with food–try it with beef, pork or pasta.
Founded in 1934, Chateau Ste. Michelle is the oldest winery in Washington with some of the most mature vineyards in the Columbia Valley. The winery combines Old World winemaking with New World innovation and is best known for its award-winning Riesling, Chardonnay, Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon.
Chateau Ste. Michelle receives some of the highest accolades in the industry, including "American Winery of the Year" by Wine Enthusiast for 2004 and "2005 Winery of the Year" by Restaurant Wine. In addition, the winery's Eroica Riesling, crafted from a partnership with German winemaker Ernst Loosen, has been named to Wine Spectator's prestigious "Top 100" wines list for five consecutive years.
Chateau Ste. Michelle is one of the few premium wineries in the world with two state-of-the-art wineries, one devoted to whites and another to reds. This dedicated approach to winemaking allows winemaker Bob Bertheau to build winemaking programs to the unique specifications of red and white wines. While all of Chateau Ste. Michelle's vineyards are located on the east side of the Cascade Mountains where the climate is dry and sunny, Bob Bertheau makes the award winning white wines in Woodinville, 15 miles northeast of Seattle. The winery's expansive, 87-acre estate hosts more than 250,000 visitors annually for tours, tastings, dinners and outdoor summer concerts.
A large and geographically diverse AVA capable of producing a wide variety of wine styles, the Columbia Valley AVA is home to 99% of Washington state's total vineyard area. A small section of the AVA even extends into northern Oregon!
Because of its size, it is necessarily divided into several distinctive sub-AVAs, including Walla Walla Valley and Yakima Valley—which are both further split into smaller, noteworthy appellations. A region this size will of course have varied microclimates, but on the whole it experiences extreme winters and long, hot, dry summers. Frost is a common risk during winter and spring. The towering Cascade mountain range creates a rain shadow, keeping the valley relatively rain-free throughout the entire year, necessitating irrigation from the Columbia River. The lack of humidity combined with sandy soils allows for vines to be grown on their own rootstock, as phylloxera is not a serious concern.
Red wines make up the majority of production in the Columbia Valley. Cabernet Sauvignon is the dominant variety here, where it produces wines with a pleasant balance of dark fruit and herbs. Wines made from Merlot are typically supple, with sweet red fruit and sometimes a hint of chocolate or mint. Syrah tends to be savory and Old-World-leaning, with a wide range of possible fruit flavors and plenty of spice. The most planted white varieties are Chardonnay and Riesling. These range in style from citrus and green apple dominant in cooler sites, to riper, fleshier wines with stone fruit flavors coming from the warmer vineyards.
A noble variety bestowed with both power and concentration, Cabernet Sauvignon enjoys success all over the globe. Inherently high in tannins and acidity, the best bottlings of Cabernet can age beautifully, with the ability to last fifty years or more. Cabernet Sauvignon flourishes in temperate climates like Bordeaux's Medoc region and forms the base of the Medoc reds, which are typically mostly Cabernet with Merlot and smaller amounts of some combination of Cabernet Franc, Malbec and Petit Verdot. (Enjoying a great deal of success in various regions around the world, this blend is now globally referred to as a Bordeaux Blend.) Cabernet Sauvignon from the Napa Valley is responsible for some of the world's most prestigious, age-worthy and sought-after "cult" wines.
High in color, tannin and extract, Cabernet Sauvignon expresses notes of blackberry, cassis, plum, currant, spice and tobacco. In Bordeaux and elsewhere in the Old World you'll find the more earthy, tannic side of Cabernet, where it is typically blended to soften tannins and add complexity. In warmer regions like California Washington, Argentina, Chile and Australia, you can typically expect more ripe fruit flavors upfront.
Cabernet Sauvignon is right at home with rich, intense meat dishes—beef, lamb and venison, in particular—where its opulent fruit and decisive tannins make an equal match to the dense protein of the meat. With a mature Cabernet, opt for tender, slow-cooked meat dishes.
Sommelier Secrets
Despite the modern importance and ubiquity of Cabernet Sauvignon, it is actually a relatively young variety. In 1997, DNA profiling revealed the grape to be a spontaneous crossing of Cabernet Franc and Sauvignon Blanc which took place in 17th century southwestern France.
WAL402600_2006 Item# 97870

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
New MBTA GM vows to draw on "turnaround"…
New MBTA GM vows to draw on "turnaround" experience
By Matt Stout |
New MBTA general manager Luis Ramirez said today he stands "behind my record" as a self-described turnaround executive, arguing — as he takes the reins of the T — that his reputation is built on a broad corporate background.
Ramirez, speaking to reporters today on his first day as GM, defended his time as CEO of the company Global Power Equipment, which has come under investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission for filing erroneous financial statements during Ramirez's three-year tenure, which ended in 2015.
Ramirez, who has no transportation background, touted his stint as CEO on his resume, writing he "successfully completed (a) 'turnaround' of global business," and the T had framed his business experience as a primary reason for hiring him.
Today, in his first press conference since accepting the T post, Ramirez said he's proud of his time at Global Power, but also pointed to his time at Siemens and General Electric, where he spent 12 years, as examples of the work he's done transforming companies.
"I've done that all over my record," Ramirez said. "That really plays into what we're trying to do here at the MBTA right now. … We need to work on reliability, we also need to work on the speed at which we get things done. All of these things are a skill set I've brought to the table here."
Pressed on the accounting errors that also sparked a class-action lawsuit against Global Power, Ramirez said he was not aware of them while he was CEO.
"When you do a turnaround, it's not just about the numbers," he said. "It's also about creating systems and processes that actually identify issues and help to improve the process long-term. I can't really comment on that because of the litigation that's going on, but I will say that I stand behind my record."
Ramirez begins at a crucial time for the MBTA, where officials have installed an array of new private contracts and changes to operations but admit it's taking time for the various investments to bear fruit for riders.
The T is also in the final year of a three-year waiver it received from lawmakers allowing it to pursue more outsourced work. Key negotiations with labor unions, including the one representing T machinists, are ongoing after the T signed a new four-year deal with its largest union, the Boston Carmen's Union Local 589, last December.
Ramirez will make at least $320,000 a year, but that base salary may grow substantially. His three-year contract includes potential bonuses up to $32,000 in his first year — and up to $64,000 by year three — based upon certain "milestones." Ramirez said he and T agreed on those yesterday, and officials said they plan to release more details later today.
Matt Stout


text:
The TV Audition
The new year and things are already changing a lot.
Eun Jeong went away for five days to train for her new job as an English teacher. She was exhausted. They had her going from 7 AM to midnight every day. Yet she was pumped and ready to go.
She spent her first two days on the job this week observing classes. Her confidence got higher. She felt that she would be a good teacher. And I think she will be. She has the right mind for it. She's not the usual passive doormat type that I have frustratingly seen in many Korean English teachers. She won't let students, parents, nor management walk all over her.
Yesterday was her first full day of teaching. She came home all drained. She's still excited about her job, but she said that they don't give her enough time to do everything they want her to do in class. She stayed up late and reviewed phonics lessons to teach the next day, occasionally waking me up to ask me what something meant.
As for myself, I've had an exciting few weeks. I apologize to my family and everyone I emailed about the "opportunity" I talked about. It, like many things here, was not quite a done deal, even though we were given the impression it was.
Nonetheless, we all had auditions yesterday for a new TV show teaching English to elementary students. A couple of us went to a photographer to get our pictures taken. I didn't like my pic, so I did it up in Photoshop to make it look like a professional head shot. I then sent it off in an email to the director with a resume and sample lesson plan.
We each got emails on Tuesday giving us different times on Wednesday to audition. The rough part was trying to find ways to cover classes while we were gone. We were able to get someone to do it–for a fee.
I was the first one on the schedule. At the bottom of the email was a cryptic line about doing a 2-3 lecture on a short sentence.
Don't ask me what that means.
The night before, I was trying to think of something I could do. I then decided to do a piece on how "is", "am", and "are" love "ing." In other words, whenever you see "ing," you have to have "is", "am," or "are."
I know this is not always the case, but for beginning learners, it helps clear up some confusion. And it stops them from saying, "I am go to the park."
But I had a hard time thinking of how to explain why these three words love this one word. Sounds a bit polygamic to me. I lay in bed and looked on the shelf. I saw Eun Jeong's little plush dog I bought for her in Osaka.
Three brothers, "is", "am," and "are" have their dog "ing," who always follows them around.
Wednesday morning, I printed, laminated, and cut out some signs to illustrate this, including an "ing" name tag I fit around the puppy's neck.
I left a little early for the 1:30 audition, knowing from past experience that I need to have some extra time for getting lost. The night before, Eun Jeong had found the station on a Daum map (like MapQuest), and I figured the most direct route would be to take the subway to Seonbawi and get a taxi from there.
I did that and got off at Seonbawi. The trouble was that it was in the middle of nowhere, next to Seoul Grand Park but not close enough. There were no taxis–no cars at all.
I walked to the busy highway, which was the main artery between Seoul and Gwacheon. I finally hailed a taxi there. Luckily, the driver knew exactly where to go.
I got to the building and was disheartened that it didn't have an obvious entrance. I looked for an entrance and ended up in the headquarters for Korean education–something like that. Wrong place.
I went back outside and scoped around. I found a small sign that said the station's name with an arrow pointing upstairs. So the entrance to the TV station was upstairs.
At the information desk, I asked where Studio 3 was (in Korean). He said (in Korean), "It's down the hall and to the right."
I went down the hall, past Studio 2. Past Studio 1. No Studio 3. I walked back and forth in confusion. I then just walked into a green room, where people were sitting there chatting. I asked if they knew where Studio 3 was. They didn't, but they asked around for me. One girl spoke to me in English. She said it was past the big heavy forbidding white door at the end of the hallway.
So I went through the door to another hallway and found Studio 3.
When I entered, a young pretty Korean teacher was finishing her audition. When she finished, the young director behind the cameraman looked at me, looked at his clipboard, and said, "Joe Mc—Per–?"
He pointed to the set.
I stood on the black "x" under the boom mike and went through my routine when he told me to start. I didn't walk around because, having worked in TV for two years in America, I knew that I could mess up the cameraman's focus. I heard one of the Korean teachers giggle during my routine, so maybe the little "ing" dog thing worked.
When I finished, the director said, "Singing? Dancing?"
"Um, yes, I can sing and dance."
(Partial lie, if anyone has seen me dance.)
"Do you want me to sing a song?"
This first song that came to mind was "True," the '80s ballad by Spandau Ballet, which I like to sing in the noraebangs because it's well within my range and I can belt out certain bits. I did one verse and stopped. He then said, with one of the teachers translating, that he wanted me to sing a Nursery Rhyme. Oh–and more movement.
So I did an overly acted version of "Humpty Dumpty" because that was the only Nursery Rhyme I could think of at the moment that I could put to music. It's funny how your mind goes blank during these things. I had totally forgotten that my schtick as a teacher is that I know tons of silly physical songs. Coulda done one of those, but that didn't matter.
The director said, "Thank you," and I walked off the set.
He then talked to one of the Korean teachers. I could understand a bit of what they were saying, notably "kachi."
I muttered, "You want us to do it together?"
The Korean teacher was a bit horrified. "I hadn't prepared to do anything with a foreigner."
The director told her to improvise.
We both got back on the set. She was really nice and said that we were going to do a routine about New Year's resolutions.
We started. She had conversations with me and then translated them into Korean for the camera.
"Joe, what do you do in your country on New Year's?"
Okay, we're talking about New Year's resolutions. I'll figure out a way to move onto that.
"Well, after eating a lot of food during Christmas and the holidays, many people have gotten a bit fat. So they go to the gym."
"On New Year's Day?"
Of course not on New Year's Day. They're nursing hangovers. But I don't think that's what she wants.
"Um, we promise to go to the gym."
"In Korea, we go to the fortune teller on New Year's. Do you know about fortune tellers?"
"I have seen them, but I have never been to one."
"What do you ask when you go to the fortune teller?"
"Well, still, I haven't been to one, but if I did, I guess I would ask about what would happen this year."
"Like… uh… will I be richer?"
She then translated and did a lesson in Korean. I found that I was starting to do the EBS Smile-and-Nod. I noticed when Eun Jeong watches English education shows, there's a foreigner there next to a Korean teacher. When the Korean teacher starts giving her monologue in Korean, the foreigner looks at the teacher, looks at the camera, smiles, tilts his head, and nods. I mean, really, what else can you do?
She went back into English.
"Many people ask about their love lives. Joe, what would you like in a wife?"
Okay, I have this very pretty woman asking me what I would like in a wife. Was not prepared for that. Think. What do you like about Eun Jeong?
"Um, I would like her to be sweet."
No, that's not Eun Jeong. Oh yeah.
"Pretty. And, um, she has to love to eat."
So we finished that, and the other teacher came up to audition alongside me. This teacher had a book and finger puppets. We did a routine where I supposedly went to the zoo–it's part of a song. I mimicked walking.
"I went walking."
She held up one of the finger puppets and made an animal sound.
"I saw a frog looking at me!"
We went through five animals, including a snake. I got to act really scared because I have an abnormal fear of snakes.
Serious.
One of my psychology classes in college spent two of three hours analyzing my fear of snakes. I have trouble even looking at pictures of them. And, no, I ain't watchin' no motherf—ing movie with motherf—ing Samuel Jackson about motherf—ing snakes.
So that all finished. The director asked if I could stay a while. I had to rush back to school, but I found that it was only 1:35. I had gotten there early enough to finish my audition at my start time. I said I could stay a little while longer. The director tried to get someone on his cell phone.
I waited with the two other teachers. We talked about how much fun it was, and they had lots of questions for him.
He came back, and he couldn't get this other person, so he said we could all go. We thanked him, and I told him (in Korean) that I had a lot of fun.
I walked with the teachers a bit until we could get them a taxi. They were going to Seoul. I was going the opposite way to Anyang. They said the director said that emails will be sent out in early February when they make their decisions. We said goodbye, and I was able to find a cab for myself with maybe the oldest taxi driver in Korea. He could barely understand what I was saying, but that was okay. He got lost when we got to Anyang, and when I said left, he just went straight. I just told him to drop me off somewhere and walked back.
I had to hurry back because Ben's audition was at 2:00. He had already left. The two Chrisses had auditions at 3:30 and 4:00. Our substitute had to leave at 3:30. So I got to my class at 2:15.
Somehow we were able to pull it off. Everyone had a great time at his audition. It was definitely a memorable experience. Chris P. hung out and talked with the director for an hour after his audition to talk about what was going on and to mention that the previous foreigners all worked for his school. The director asked which ones. When Chris told him, he said, "Oh, Joe. He was very good."
I think that's a good sign. I hope this comes through. The trouble is that if it conflicts with school, I can't do it.
PreviousNew Year for Me, Same Old Crap from Unnamed Hagwon
NextKids Love Squid
"Skeletor Is a Good Kid…"
Protected: It Started Wit Da Drum
My Evening with the Bulgarian Ambassador
Protected: End of Part I
The Korean King Crab Experience
Visiting Jackey's Seafood at Jagalchi Market, Busan


Glenn Parvin, president of Cass Sheet Metal. Photo by Josh Scott.
Last summer, as Jack Knox prepared for his term as president of the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association (SMACNA), the SMACNA board of directors outlined four strategic initiatives that will guide the organization's future: human resources, labor relations, member engagement and strengthening SMACNA chapter partnerships.
"Three of the four plans revolved around communications and marketing," Knox explains. "I would say it's definitely evolved over the last 18 months. We are seeing a much bigger push in how we communicate and reach people." An underlying effort in that push is to change the conversation from filling "jobs" in the sheet metal industry to cultivating careers.
At this month's 75th annual SMACNA convention in San Diego, California, a solution to an industry-wide shortage of labor shortage is the culminating focus of the event. But across the country, many SMACNA members are already meeting this challenge head-on by supporting initiatives that help diversify their sources of manpower. And so far, it's working.
The main message during this outreach being: "There is a path that can lead to a very successful career by just going through the trades," says Knox.
Since 1976, the Sheet Metal Workers Local 80 Training Center has provided training and education for sheet metal apprentices in metro Detroit, Michigan. After noticing a dip in apprentices, Local 80 decided it was time to bring the training directly to the talent. Four years ago, the union established a pre-apprenticeship partnership with a local a career and technical education-focused high school in Fraser, Michigan.
The Sheet Metal Workers Local 80 Training Center has been training sheet metal apprentices for the Detroit area for more than 65 years.


I have a question for you. One to think about, just for fun.
If you were suddenly given a million dollars (or pounds or euros or whatever) with the only condition being it needed to be spent on something glamorous, what would it be?
A) A fabulous house...a new one where you live or perhaps in another city, as a second home.
B) Travel... to exotic destinations, or chic ones, staying in unique accommodation or 5 star luxury hotels.
C) Lifestyle, meaning it could be divided up to cover restaurants, theatre tickets, music, art and so on.
Or, none of the above, but something else? I think it would be quite easy to go right through the alphabet with options. But I would probably go with travel...if it had to be just one thing.
So tell me, which would you pick?


text:
\section{Introduction}

Block copolymers (BCPs) are composed of two or more chemically distinct blocks, which are covalently bonded together. The chemical incompatibility between the different blocks drives a microphase separation, in which the BCP can form a variety of well-ordered nanostructures via self-assembly. The phase behavior of BCP melts has been studied extensively in recent years, showing a rich variety of morphologies, such as lamellae, hexagonally close-packed (HCP) cylinders, body-centered cubic (BCC) packing of spheres, and complex networks such as the cubic double gyroid (Q$^{230}$) and orthorhombic O$^{70}$ phases~\cite{Bates94,Epps04,Li13,Xie14}. The length scale of microphase separation is in the range of 10-100 nm, making them ideal for emerging nanotechnologies~\cite{Bates99}, including applications in nanolithography~\cite{cheng01,Jeong08}, nanoporous membranes~\cite{Yang06} and magnetic nanowires~\cite{Thurn00,Peng11}.

In many cases, capturing the vast technological potential of BCP thin film requires precise control over the orientation and the lateral alignment of these nanostructures in order to produce defect-free array of BCP features. In recent decades, much effort has been devoted to tailor the self-assembly behavior of BCP thin films by using engineering surface effects~\cite{Huang98}, external fields~\cite{Morkved96}, patterned substrates~\cite{Kang12,Vega13a,Zhang14,Cong16}, and solvent vapor annealing~\cite{Sinturel13}. Among these approaches, the use of nonflat substrates to direct the self-assembly of BCP thin films has been proven to be an effective method to achieve long-range ordered arrays with either a parallel or perpendicular orientation of BCP domains with respect to the substrate.

When BCP lamellae or cylinders are parallel to the unidirectional corrugated substrate, the domain orientation can be orthogonal, parallel or aligned with a tilted angle with respect to the trench long axis. Previous experimental studies have shown that the film thickness~\cite{Hong12,Hong2012,Choi18a}, substrate mean curvature~\cite{Vega13a} and roughness and chemical preference of the substrate~\cite{Tavakkoli16} are key factors in determining the orientation of BCP domains with respect to the trenches.

A large lateral scale and nearly defect-free cylindrical BCP thin films, which are perpendicular to the substrate, were obtained for various types of nonflat substrates, such as sawtoothed topography~\cite{Park09}, sinusoidal pattern~\cite{Aissou13,Rho15}, ordered nanoparticle monolayers~\cite{Kim13a}, minimal topographic pattern~\cite{Choi16} etc. To the best of our knowledge, only Kim \emph{et al.}~\cite{Kim13a} and Aissou \emph{et al.}~\cite{Aissou15} investigated experimentally the transition of cylinder orientation from parallel to perpendicular with respect to the nonflat substrate. They showed that this transition can be obtained either by increasing the substrate roughness~\cite{Kim13a} or decreasing the film thickness~\cite{Aissou15}.

In view of the above mentioned experimental studies, there are only a few theoretical works addressing the self-assembly of BCP films on corrugated surfaces. Peng \emph{et al.}~\cite{Peng15} employed self-consistent field theory (SCFT) to explore the self-assemble behavior of cylinder-forming BCP thin films on a saw-toothed substrate. They investigated the effects of the substrate corrugation periodicity and the film thickness on cylindrical structures. Man \emph{et al.}~\cite{Man15,Man16} systematically studied the self-assembly of lamellar forming BCP thin film on a sinusoidal substrate, and showed an enhanced synergy between substrate topography combined with a weak surface preference to obtain defect-free perpendicular lamellar BCP thin films. Recently, Carpenter \emph{et al.}~\cite{Carpenter17} presented a study combining SCFT calculations with experimental results, and found that the orientation of cylinders with respect to the trench depends on the commensurability of the BCP hexagonal packing with the substrate characteristic length and film thickness.

Aforementioned studies~\cite{Peng15} show that when cylinder forming BCP self-assembly on an unidirectional corrugated substrate, there are three possible orthogonal cylinder orientations. The cylinders can be either perpendicular or parallel to the substrate, while the latter one can be characterized by a titled angle with respect to the trench long axis. Previous studies~\cite{Aissou15,Choi18a} showed that varying the substrate roughness and the film thickness can cause phase transitions between these orientations. In spite of this progress, a quantitative mechanistic understanding of the effect of non-flat substrate in determining the cylinder orientation in BCP thin films is still missing. Here, we investigate the self-assembly of cylinder-forming di-BCP thin films on sinusoidally corrugated substrate. By using SCFT, our aim is to explain the effects of substrate geometry and relative surface preference to one of the di-BCP components on the transition between the three cylinder orientations.

This paper is organized as follows. In the next section, we introduce the self-consistent field theory (SCFT) technique and our model. In Sec. III, we present the phase diagram of BCP cylinder on corrugated substrates, followed by the discussion of our results in Sec. V. Finally, Sec. IV, we present our conclusions and some future prospects.

\begin{figure*}
{\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth,draft=false]{fig1.pdf}}
\caption{
\textsf{Schematic illustration of a BCP film confined between two surfaces and its cylinder orientations for a bottom substrate that is sinusoidally corrugated. The size of the 3D calculation box
is $L_x\times L_y \times L_z$. (a) The averaged BCP film thickness is $L=L_z-2L_w$, where $L_w$ is the average wall thickness within the box. The substrate corrugation describes trenches that are translationally invariant in the $y$-direction with periodicity $L_s$ and amplitude $R$, $h(x)=R\cos(2\pi x/L_s)$. A-rich regions are denoted by yellow and B-rich by blue. In (b), the cylinder orientation is perpendicular to the substrate, and the phase is denoted as C$_{\perp}$, while in (c) and (d) we show the two orientations that are parallel to the substrate (and to each other). In (c), the cylinder  are perpendicular to the long axis of the substrate trenches and the phase is denoted as C$^{1}_{\parallel}$. In (d), the cylinder are  parallel to the trench long-axis and the phase is denoted as C$^{2}_{\parallel}$.}}
\label{fig1}
\end{figure*}

\section{Model}

We employ self-consistent field theory (SCFT) to investigate the self-assembly of cylinder-forming block copolymer thin film. The BCP thin film is confined between a flat top surface and a sinusoidally corrugated bottom one, as showed in Figure~1(a). Specifically, we describe the polymer as a Gaussian chain composed of $N$ segments, of which a fraction $f$ are of type A and $(1{-}f)$ of type B. The interactions between A and B monomers are mediated through the Flory parameter $\chi_{\rm AB}$, and $u=N\chi_{{\rm sA}}-N\chi_{{\rm sB}}$ is the relative interaction between the substrate and the A (B) component, where $\chi_{{\rm sA}}$ ($\chi_{{\rm sB}}$) is the interaction parameter between the substrate and the A (B) component. This choice means that $u>0$ induces substrate preference of the A component. We model the periodic surface trenches by a single $q$-mode along the $x$-direction with periodicity $L_s$ and amplitude $R$, $h(x)=R\cos(2\pi x/L_s)$. Lateral confinement is modeled using the masking method, where the wall is described as the third component~\cite{Matsen97}. All lengths are rescaled with the chain radius of gyration, $R_g=\sqrt{Nb^2/6}$, where $b$ is the Kuhn length taken for simplicity to be the same for the two blocks.

The Hamiltonian for a di-BCP film confined between the two surfaces can be expressed as a functional of two conjugate potential fields, $W_+(x)$ and $W_-(x)$
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
&H[W_+,W_-]=C\int d^3\bm{r} \left( \frac{[W_-(\bm{r})]^2}{N\chi_{{\rm AB}}}-\frac{2Nu}{N\chi_{{\rm AB}}}\phi_w(\bm{r})W_-(\bm{r})
\right.\\
&\left. +\frac{[W_+(\bm{r})]^2-2\zeta N\phi_p(\bm{r})iW_+(\bm{r})}{N\chi_{{\rm AB}}+2N\zeta} \right) -C\Omega\bar{\phi_p}\ln Q[W_{\rm A},W_{\rm B}]
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
where $C=\rho_0 R_g^3/N$ is a normalization factor. The total volume of the simulation box is $\Omega$, and $\phi_w+\phi_p=1$, $\phi_w$ is the wall volume fractions and $\phi_p(\bm{r})$ is the dimensionless volume fraction of the polymer, $\phi_p(\bm{r})=\phi_A(\bm{r})+\phi_B(\bm{r})$. $\bar{\phi_p}=\Omega ^{-1}\int d^3\bm{r}\;\phi_p(\bm{r})$ is the polymer volume fraction averaged over $\Omega$. In addition, $\zeta$ is a penalty cost for local density deviation from the incompressibility condition, and $Q[W_A,W_B]=\Omega^{-1}\int d^3\bm{r}q(\bm{r},s{=}1)$ is the single-chain partition function for BCP, in which the propagator $q(\bm{r},s)$ is the solution of the following modified diffusion equation
\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial q(\bm{r},s)}{\partial s}=\nabla ^2 q(\bm{r},s)-W(\bm{r},s)q(\bm{r},s)
\end{equation}
where $W(\bm{r})=W_A(\bm{r})$ for $0\le s<f$ and $W(\bm{r})=W_B(\bm{r})$ for $f\le s\le 1$. The initial condition for eq 2 is $q(\bm{r},s)=1$.

In the mean-field approximation, the thermodynamic properties of the confined melt can be obtained from saddle-point configurations of the Hamiltonian in eq 1, {\it i.e.}, solutions of
\begin{equation}
\frac{\delta H[W_+,W_-]}{\delta (iW_+(\bm{r}))}=\frac{\delta H[W_+,W_-]}{\delta (W_-(\bm{r}))}=0
\end{equation}
A detailed formulation of the numerical procedure and its implementation to SCFT modeling of BCP systems can be found elsewhere~\cite{Bosse07,Hur09,Takahashi12}.

The SCFT formulation gives the local density for the A and B components, $\phi_{\rm A}(\mathbf{r})$ and $\phi_{\rm B}(\mathbf{r})$, respectively. There are three orientations of the cylindrical phase with respect to the substrate, as shown schematically in Fig.~1. The perpendicular orientation is denoted C$_{\perp}$ (Fig.~1(b)), while the parallel orientation can be divided into two orientations, C$^{1}_{\parallel}$ and C$^{2}_{\parallel}$, which are orthogonal to each other, as well as to the C$_{\perp}$, as shown in Fig.~1(c) and (d). Whereas C$^{1}_{\parallel}$ is orthogonal to the trench long-axis, the C$^{2}_{\parallel}$ ordering is oriented along the trench direction. The BCP film is in contact with a uni-axial corrugated substrate, simulated which has a small preference toward one of the two BCP components.

\bigskip\bigskip

\begin{figure}
{\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth,draft=false]{fig2.pdf}}
\caption{
\textsf{Schematic drawing of the top-view of the hexagonally packed cylindrical phase (left). The two directions, labeled as $a$ and $b$, indicate the short and long unit vectors of the hexagonal unit cell, respectively. The unidirectional corrugated substrate undulates along the $a$-direction or the $b$-direction of the cylindrical phase, as shown in the right of the figure.
 }}
\label{fig2}
\end{figure}

From the characteristics of the hexagonal phases as shown in Fig.~2, it is evident that a unidirectional corrugated substrate undulate not only along the short ($a$-direction) but also along the long ($b$-direction) unit vectors. Therefore, we present hereafter the effect of the substrate on the cylindrical phase in both cases, and the corresponding phase diagram of the three orientations.

\section{Results}

\begin{figure*}
{\includegraphics[width=0.65\textwidth,draft=false]{fig3.pdf}}
\caption{
\textsf{SCFT calculation of BCP cylindrical phase in contact with a substrate characterized by $a$, small $L_s$ in (a), large $R$ in (b) and large $u$ in (c-e). For (a), the corrugation periodicity is $L_s=2L_0$ and its amplitude $R=0.3$, leading to a deformed perpendicular cylindrical phase, C$_{\perp}$. For (b), the substrate parameters are $L_s=3L_0$ and $R=0.4$ also resulting in a deformed C$_{\perp}$. In both (a) and (b), the top and bottom surfaces are neutral. Strong substrate preference results in deformed cylindrical phases for all three orientations (C$_{\perp}$, C$^1_{\parallel}$, C$^2_{\parallel}$), as shown in (c), (d), and (e), respectively, and other parameters are $R=0$ and $u=9$.
 }}
\label{fig3}
\end{figure*}

We focus on the effects of sinusoidal substrates on the orientation of a confined BCP cylindrical phase. The Flory-Huggins interaction parameter is taken as $N\chi_{\rm AB}=25$, and the fraction of minority A-component is $f=0.3$. For these values, the behavior falls well within the cylindrical region of the bulk phase diagram~\cite{Matsen12}. For this $N\chi_{\rm AB}$ value, the characteristic BCP lengths in a thin film geometry are $L^{a}_0=4.4$ and $L^{b}_0=\sqrt{3}L^{a}_0=7.6$ (in units of $R_g$). These values are obtained by varying the film thickness and comparing the corresponding free energies, in order to find at which thickness the free energy has a minimum. We set the average film thickness to be an integer number of $L^{b}_0$ ($L^{a}_0$) in order to limit the $z$-direction space confinement effects on the cylinder orientation when the unidirectional corrugation is along the $a$-direction ($b$-direction). The top surface is always flat and neutral ($u_{\rm top}=0$). The orientation of the cylindrical phase in the BCP thin film mainly depends on the substrate roughness whose height, $h(x)=R\cos(2\pi x/L_s)$, is described by the corrugation periodicity $L_s$ and amplitude $R$. The strength of substrate preference towards one of the two components is $u$, and is chosen to be a positive when the substrate prefers the minority A-component.

Figure~3 shows various deformed BCP cylindrical phases due to either large substrate roughness or strong  substrate preference. For deformed cylindrical phases, it is hard to recognize which orientation is the equilibrium structure. Therefore, we limit ourselves to a range of parameters resulting in perfect BCP cylindrical phase. Figure~3a is a deformed C$_{\perp}$ phase on a neutral substrate with $L_s=2L^{a}_0$ and $R=0.3$. We find that when $L_s\le 2L^{a}_0$, it is difficult to obtain perfect cylindrical phase even when $R$ is reasonably small. Furthermore, the value of $R$ cannot be too large, otherwise C$_{\perp}$ is deformed as shown in Figure~3b. Numerical calculations show that $R<0.4$ for $L_s=3L^{a}_0$ and for $u=0$, in order to avoid such deformations. Besides the substrate roughness, the strength of the substrate preference, $u$, can also induce deformed cylindrical phases. Figures~3c-e show that $u=9$ is already large enough to generate a wetting layer of A-component along the substrate surface. Therefore, all our simulations were conducted within the parameter range of $R<0.4$, $L_s\ge3L_0$ and $|u|\le9$.

\begin{figure*}
{\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth,draft=false]{fig4.pdf}}
\caption{
\textsf{C$_{\perp}$-to-C$_{\parallel}$ and C$^2_{\parallel}$-to-C$^1_{\parallel}$ phase transitions in terms of the substrate roughness parameter: the amplitude $R$, the ratio $L_s/L_0$, and preference $u$. The lines separate the parallel orientations above from the perpendicular orientation below. (a) The C$_{\perp}$-C$_{\parallel}$ phase-transition in the ($R$, $u$) plane. (b) The phase transition of the two parallel orientations, separating the C$^1_{\parallel}$ above from C$^2_{\parallel}$ below. In both (a) and (b), $L_s=3L^a_0$. (c) and (d) show the same phase diagrams as in (a) and (b), separately, but for the ($L_s/L_0$, $u$) plane, where the substrate roughness is varied by changing $L_s$, while keeping $R=0.2$.  For all cases, the top flat surface is neutral, $N\chi_{\rm AB}=25$ and $L^a_0=4.4R_g$.
}}
\label{fig4}
\end{figure*}

\subsection{The unidirectional substrate corrugation along the $a$-direction}

The unit cell of the cylindrical phase is composed of two unit vectors: a short one, $L^a_0$, and the long one, $L^b_0$. The effects of non-flat substrate on the relative stability of the cylindrical phase with three orthogonal orientations (C$_{\perp}$, C$^{1}_{\parallel}$, C$^{2}_{\parallel}$) will be different when the substrate unidirectional corrugation undulates along the $a$ or $b$ direction. This is due to the fact that the distortion effects of nonflat substrates on the BCP cylinders mainly depends on the ratio between the periodicity of sinusoidal substrate and the cylinder characteristic lengths.

We start with the corrugation along the $a$-direction, and study quantitatively the effect of corrugated substrate on the phase transition between the three orientations. We focus on the role played by (i) the substrate roughness that is described by lateral variational periodicity $L_s$ and roughness amplitude $R$; and, (ii) the relative surface preference toward BCP components, $u$.

Figure~4 shows the phase transition between perpendicular and parallel orientations (C$_{\perp}$-to-C$_{\parallel}$), and between the two parallel orientations themselves (C$^{2}_{\parallel}$-to-C$^{1}_{\parallel}$) in terms of the substrate roughness, $2\pi R/L_s$, and the substrate preference, $u$. In previous studies~\cite{Man15}, it has been shown that there are two ways to change the substrate roughness. First we fix the $L_s=3L^{a}_0$ and then change the amplitude $R$ from $0.1$ to $0.3$, as shown in Figures~4a and 4b. Alternatively, we present in Figures~4c and 4d the cases where $L_s/L^{a}_0$ varies from $3$ to $5$ while keeping $R=0.2$. For both cases, we investigate weak substrate preference (small $u$) and strong substrate preference (large $u$), separately. The top surface is always taken to be a neutral surface.

The substrate preference makes the parallel orientation more stable than the perpendicular orientation. Therefore, increasing $u$ results in a C$_{\perp}$-to-C$_{\parallel}$ phase transition as shown in Figures~4a and 4c. Here, C$_{\parallel}$ includes both C$^{1}_{\parallel}$ and C$^{2}_{\parallel}$. It is interesting to note that when $u$ becomes large (Figures~4b and 4d), the transition of C$^{2}_{\parallel}$-to-C$^{1}_{\parallel}$ is obtained, indicating that C$^{1}_{\parallel}$ is more stable than C$^{2}_{\parallel}$ when the substrate preference is strong. The critical $u$ value that is needed to induce both the C$_{\perp}$-to-C$_{\parallel}$ and C$^{2}_{\parallel}$-to-C$^{1}_{\parallel}$ transitions increases function of substrate roughness (see Figure 4a, b, and d). However, the critical $u$ value oscillates when $R$ is fixed and $L_s/L^{a}_0$ = $3$, $3.5$, $4$, and $5$ as shown in Figure~4c. Figure~4c also shows that for weak preferences, the critical $u$ value is smaller when $L_s/L^{a}_0$ is an integer number, as compared with half integer values of $L_s/L^{a}_0$. It is clear that the distortion is smaller in the former case. For strong $u$ preferences, the substrate preference dominates the relative stability of the two parallel orientations. Therefore, $u$ is a monotonically increasing function of the substrate roughness, as shown in Figure~4b and 4d.

\begin{figure*}
{\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth,draft=false]{fig5.pdf}}
\caption{
\textsf{The dependence of the free energy for the three orientations C$_{\perp}$ (black line), C$^{1}_{\parallel}$ (red line), C$^{2}_{\parallel}$ (blue line) on (a) substrate corrugation amplitude, $R$, (b) rescaled substrate lateral corrugation periodicity, $L_s/L^{a}_0$, and (c) substrate preference, $u$. The top surface is neutral, $u_{\rm top}=0$, and $N\chi_{\rm AB}=25$, and the unidirectional substrate corrugation is along the $a$-direction.
}}
\label{fig5}
\end{figure*}

In order to understand the effects of non-flat substrates on the relative stability of the three orientations, C$^{1}_{\parallel}$, C$^{2}_{\parallel}$, and C$_{\perp}$, we study the dependence of their corresponding free energy on $R$, $L_s$, and $u$. In Figure~5a $u=2$ and all other parameters are the same as in Figure 4b. It is clear that the free energies for the three orientations increase as $R$ increases due to the increase of substrate roughness. Moreover, the two parallel orientations, C$^{1}_{\parallel}$ and C$^{2}_{\parallel}$, are more stable than the perpendicular orientation because of the surface preference. On the other hand, all free energies are nearly unchanged when $L_s$ increases, as shown in Figure~5b for $u=2$ and $R=0.2$. This occurs only because we scan a limited $L_s$, range $3\le L_s/L^{a}_0\le 5$ in order to avoid deformations of the cylindrical phase(as in Figure~3). It is also found that the stability range of C$^{2}_{\parallel}$ is larger than that of C$^{1}_{\parallel}$ and C$_{\perp}$, and the latter C$_{\perp}$ phase is the most unstable one. These results agree with the phase diagram shown in Figures~4b and 4d.

The dependence of the free energy on the surface $u$ preference is shown in Figure~5c, where calculations are done for $R=0.2$, $L_s/L^{a}_0=3$, and a neutral top surface. For the three cases, the free energy decreases as $u$ increases, and both C$^{1}_{\parallel}$ and C$^{2}_{\parallel}$ orientations free energies decrease faster than the perpendicular one. This is consistent with the results shown in Figure 4, and also with previous studies~\cite{Man15,Man16,Tavakkoli16}.

\begin{figure}
{\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth,draft=false]{fig6.pdf}}
\caption{
\textsf{Comparison of the relative stability of the three orientations (C$_{\perp}$, C$^1_{\parallel}$, C$^2_{\parallel}$). The substrate corrugation along the $a$- and $b$- directions are represented as the solid and dashed lines, respectively. (a) Phase diagrams in the ($R$, $u$) plane for $L_s=3L^a_0$. (b) Phase diagrams in the ($L_s/L_0$, $u$) plane for $R=0.2$. The top surface is neutral for both cases.
}}
\label{fig6}
\end{figure}

\subsection{The unidirectional substrate corrugation along the $b$-direction}

Hereafter, we investigate the same phase diagram as in Figure~4, but with the substrate corrugation now along the $b$-direction. We scan a smaller range of the $R$ and $L_s$ parameters, because the characteristic length, $L^b_0=\sqrt{3}L^a_0=7.6$, is larger than $L^a_0$ in the $a$-direction. In order to have $L_s/L^b_0$ large enough to maintain a perfect cylindrical phase ($L_s/L^{b}_0 \ge 3$), the size of the calculation box in the $x$-direction should be much larger than those presented in Figure~4 for the same ratio. Consequently, we take three values of $L_s/L^{b}_0=3$, $3.5$, and $4$ for constant $R=0.2$, and for a fixed value $L_s=3L^{b}_0$, $R=0.1$, $0.15$, and $0.2$.

A comparison of the phase diagram of C$_{\perp}$-C$_{\parallel}$ and C$^{2}_{\parallel}$-C$^{1}_{\parallel}$ for the two different corrugation directions is presented in Figure~6, where the solid and dashed lines correspond to the corrugation along $a$-direction and $b$-direction, respectively. The critical value of $u$ needed to induce the C$_{\perp}$-to-C$_{\parallel}$ transition is much larger for the corrugation along $b$-direction than along the $a$-direction, regardless of the substrate roughness values (either by varying $R$ or $L_s$). This is shown in Figures~6a and 6b. Our result indicates that the perpendicular orientation is more stable when it is in contact with a unidirectional substrate corrugation along the $b$-direction rather than along the $a$-direction. We further note that the behavior of the C$^{2}_{\parallel}$-to-C$^{1}_{\parallel}$ transition in terms of the substrate roughness and preference $u$ is nearly the same for both $a$- and $b$- substrate corrugation directions. The transition between the C$^{1}_{\parallel}$ and C$^{2}_{\parallel}$ phases takes place only when $u$, the substrate preference, is strong. Therefore, the relative stability of the two parallel orientations is mainly dominated by the substrate preference, and not by the substrate roughness.

Although the substrate corrugation direction has a large effect on the relative stability of parallel and perpendicular cylinders, the corresponding free energy dependence on $R$ and $u$ is quite similar. Figure~7 shows that the free energy of the three orientations increases as a function of $R$, but decreases with $u$. Moreover, the free energy nearly remains unchanged when $L_s/L^b_0$ changes from $3$ to $4$, in analogy with the corrugations along $a$-direction.

\bigskip\bigskip

\begin{figure*}
{\includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth,draft=false]{fig7.pdf}}
\caption{
\textsf{The dependence of the free energy for the three orientations: C$_{\perp}$ (black line), C$^{1}_{\parallel}$ (red line) and C$^{2}_{\parallel}$ (blue line) on (a) substrate corrugation amplitude $R$; (b) rescaled substrate lateral corrugation periodicity $L_s/L^b_0$; and, (c) substrate preference $u$, for the unidirectional substrate corrugation along the $b$-direction. The top surface is neutral and $N\chi_{\rm AB}=25$.
}}
\label{fig7}
\end{figure*}

\section{Discussion And Conclusions}

We explore how nonflat substrates affect the relative stability between the three orientations, C$_{\perp}$, C$^{1}_{\parallel}$ and C$^{2}_{\parallel}$, of BCP cylindrical phases. In general, when $u$ is small, increasing the substrate roughness will enhance the compression of the parallel cylinders because the polymers stand perpendicularly with respect to the substrate. Therefore, the perpendicular cylinder phase becomes more stable than C$_{\parallel}$ phase due to the fact that the polymers are lying down and feel less compression in C$_{\perp}$ phase. For large $u$, C$_{\parallel}$ becomes more stable than C$_{\perp}$, because the substrate has a strong preference to the A-block. In the C$_{\parallel}$ stable region of the phase diagram, increasing the substrate roughness causes a transition from C$^{1}_{\parallel}$ to C$^{2}_{\parallel}$. This happens because the corrugation causes larger distortion to the C$^{1}_{\parallel}$ phase than to the C$^{2}_{\parallel}$ one. The former one aligns orthogonally to the trenches, while the latter one aligns along with the trenches. Moreover, increasing $u$ leads a transition from C$^{2}_{\parallel}$ phase to C$^{1}_{\parallel}$ one. Here, the contact area of the A-component with the substrate in the C$^{1}_{\parallel}$ phase is the largest among the three phases.

Corrugated substrates affect differently on the relative stability between C$_{\perp}$ and C$_{\parallel}$ when the corrugation is along $a$- or $b$-direction. For substrate corrugated along the $b$-direction, we can see that $L^b_0$ is larger than $L^a_0$, resulting in a smaller substrate roughness. Hence, the corrugation perturbations to the cylinder phase are relatively small. This is why the perpendicular orientation is more stable when the substrate corrugation is along the $b$-direction rather than along the $a$-direction. However, we also note that the sinusoidal substrate-induced transition between the two parallel phases is roughly the same when the corrugation in either of the two directions.

We can obtain a stable perpendicular cylindrical phase by varying the substrate roughness parameters $R$ or $L_s$. As shown in Figure~4a, increasing $R$ causes the perpendicular orientation to become more stable for $R<0.4$, $L_s=3L^{a}_0$ and $|u|\le1$. This observation agrees well with Kim \emph{et al.} experiment~\cite{Kim13a}. They investigate the domain orientation of thin films of polystyrene-block-poly (methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) placed on manolayer of ordered nanoparticle (NP). A transition from parallel to perpendicular orientation was obtained by increasing the substrate roughness with changing the NP diameter from 6 nm to 22 nm. In addition, Aissou \emph{et al.}~\cite{Aissou15} reported that the domain orientation can be controlled by tuning the layer thickness of Poly(1, 1-dimethyl silabutane)-b-PMMA (PDMSB-b-PMMA) deposited on a topographical varying substrate. The C$_{\parallel}$ orientation was obtained when the film thickness was 40 nm, while for film thickness of 30 nm the orientation C$_{\perp}$. This indicated that the perpendicular C$_{\perp}$ phase is more stable when decreasing the thickness of thin BCP films. For confined di-BCP thin film, the effect of decreasing the film thickness is equivalent to increasing the roughness of the substrate. This was indeed shown by Vu \emph{et al.} simulations~\cite{Vu18}, who demonstrated via SCFT calculation that the film thickness is a decreasing function of the mean curvature.

Furthermore, as can be seen in Figure~4b and 4d, for large $u$, increasing the substrate roughness results in a C$^{1}_{\parallel}$-to-C$^{2}_{\parallel}$ transition. Choi and co-workers~\cite{Choi18a} observed a similar phenomenon through changing the film thickness. They show scanning force microscopy (SFM) images of PS-b-poly (ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) thin films on the minimal patterns. As the film thickness increased from 22.6 nm to 41.0 nm, the cylindrical microdomains oriented from aligning parallel to orthogonal to the trench direction (C$^{2}_{\parallel}$-to-C$^{1}_{\parallel}$). If the increase of film thickness can be thought of as reducing the substrate roughness, our findings qualitatively agree with those experimental findings.

Varying the preference of the substrate for the minority A-component can also cause a phase transition between the three cylindrical orientations. The C$^{1}_{\parallel}$ is more stable for large $u$ values. Similar effects of $u$ were reported by Man \emph{et al.}~\cite{Man15,Man16} They showed that increasing $u$ can cause a phase transition from perpendicular to parallel orientation of lamellar phases. This indeed indicates that for both cylinder and lamellae, the substrate preference $u$ can cause a phase transition from perpendicular to parallel orientation.

We illustrate, in addition, the relative stability by comparing the free energy of the three orientations. The dependence of the corresponding free energies is shown in Figure~5 and 7. Our results demonstrate that the free energy is an increasing function of the substrate amplitude $R$. This is consistent with previous simulations~\cite{Vu18}, which showed that the free energy is an increasing function of the substrate curvature. In another study, Peng \emph{et al.}~\cite{Peng15} studied the trend of the free energy, by simulating BCP thin films on saw-toothed substrates. They obtained that the free energy decreases as the film thickness increases. The increase of film thickness decreases the fraction of non-flat substrate, and is equivalent to a decrease of the substrate roughness.

In conclusion, within the framework of SCFT we explored the influence of substrate roughness on the relative stability of cylindrical BCP phases having different orientations. When the substrate roughness and surface preference are too large, they will induce defects in the cylindrical phase. The impact of the amplitude, periodicity as well as the surface preference on the morphologies is detailed in our paper. Increasing the substrate roughness (increasing $R$ or separately, decreasing $L_s$) causes the cylindrical phase to prefer to have an orientation perpendicular to the substrate when the substrate preference parameter is moderate. Phase transitions from C$_{\perp}$ to C$^{2}_{\parallel}$ and, from C$^{2}_{\parallel}$ to C$^{1}_{\parallel}$ are observed via increasing the substrate preference. We find that the perpendicular cylindrical phase is more stable when the substrate corrugations undulate along the larger $b$-direction rather than along the shorter $a$-direction. Our results are seemingly robust as they in agreement with several experimental results. In addition to the roughness and preference of substrate, there are several other parameters that can influence the orientation and relative stability of the cylindrical phase. For example, the film thickness, the relative preference of the top surface, etc. We hope that our results can become a useful guide for future experiments, as well as for applications.

\bigskip
{\bf Acknowledgement.}~~
We would like to thank A.-C. Shi for useful discussions. This work was supported in
part by grants No.~21822302 and 21434001 of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC),
and the NSFC-ISF Research Program, jointly funded by the NSFC under grant No.~51561145002, and the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) under grant No.~885/15.

\newpage

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: how can i put mime type in tags in vuejs I need to build my application with the MIME type defined in importation tags.
I'm using Vue, and when I build the applications, I need the generated tags to look like this:
<link type="text/css" href="/qa/css/chunk-54f18ebe.31dd6a2b.css" rel="prefetch">
<link type="text/javascript" href="/qa/js/chunk-2d0be08c.b60942c3.js" rel="prefetch">

But the Vue build generates this:
<link href="/qa/css/chunk-54f18ebe.31dd6a2b.css" rel="prefetch">
<link href="/qa/js/chunk-2d0be08c.b60942c3.js" rel="prefetch">

I have a need to apply this solution because I use the X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff header.
The X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff header is a security measure that prevents the browser from attempting to detect the MIME type of a download automatically, as this behavior can be exploited for certain kinds of attacks. The browser will block requests for stylesheets and scripts which are not delivered with a CSS or Javascript MIME type, respectively.
My company has a policy of security and IT obligatory need to put the nosniff in a header. How can I fix this problem when I build my application?

A: As of Vue CLI 4.5.3, there's no built-in way to do this, so you'll have to either post-process the built HTML files, or patch the build libraries to correctly insert the MIME types. Here's how to do the latter:

*

*Edit public/index.html to insert the MIME types for any links there (the default Vue CLI generated project includes a MIME-less <link> for favicon.ico).

*Patch two build libraries that insert <link>s for JS/CSS:

*

*@vue/preload-webpack-plugin@1.1.2
 // node_modules/@vue/preload-webpack-plugin/src/index.js
+const mimeTypes = require('mime-types')   // line 22

 class PreloadPlugin {
   generateLinks (compilation, htmlPluginData) {
     //...

     for (const file of sortedFilteredFiles) {
       const href = `${publicPath}${file}`

       const attributes = {
         href,
         rel: options.rel
       }
+                                          // line 74
+      const type = mimeTypes.lookup(file)
+      if (type) {
+        attributes.type = type
+      }

       //...
     }
   }
 }

*html-webpack-plugin@3.2.0
 // node_modules/html-webpack-plugin/index.js
 class HtmlWebpackPlugin {
   generateHtmlTags (assets) {
     //...

     const styles = assets.css.map(stylePath => ({
       tagName: 'link',
       selfClosingTag: selfClosingTag,
       voidTag: true,
       attributes: {
+        type: 'text/css',                 // line 527
         href: stylePath,
         rel: 'stylesheet'
       }
     }));

     //...

     if (assets.favicon) {
       head.push({
         tagName: 'link',
         selfClosingTag: selfClosingTag,
         voidTag: true,
         attributes: {
+          type: 'image/x-icon',           // line 542
           rel: 'shortcut icon',
           href: assets.favicon
         }
       });
     }

     //...
   }
 }

You could then use patch-package to automatically patch those libraries upon npm install.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


It's not glorious. It's not what they told you about during your recruitment. It wasn't brought up on National Signing Day.
There is no reward of gameday at the end of the week. Every day is game day. The life of a redshirt is a long, yet important road most college football players go through. Take a walk in the shoes of college football's forgotten players — the redshirts.
Practice days start the same for everyone on the Ball State football team. We have a breakfast check window from 6-6:30 a.m. in the morning to make sure we're up, and starting the day with some nutrition.
From there we move to Scheumann Stadium where we split up. US redshirts have a pre-practice lift at 7:15 a.m. while the travel squad is in their meeting rooms. Our lifts are much different compared to the travel squad lifts during the season.
Our Strength and Conditioning Coach Ben Armer comes in every morning ready to kick our butts with a workout. It's grueling, but every single day you can see yourself getting better, stronger and molding yourself into a Division I college football player.
Although the lifts take a lot out of you, there is little time to dwell on it. We go right from the lift to suiting up in our practice gear and hitting the field for practice.
As a redshirt our biggest job is to run the offense/defense/special teams units of our upcoming opponent. This is sometimes the fun part as we get to learn new systems every week and try something out we wouldn't normally do. It's essential to the team's success on gameday that we give a great look, and mirror how our opponent will play.
After practice, we do our best to blend in with everyone else at Ball State. We get class checked just like all the other players to make sure we're on time. We have study tables to make sure we're getting all our work done throughout the week. It's essential we stay on top of our grades so we can stay eligible for the football team.
Gamedays are the most unique of the week and in the Mid-American Conference, those days could be a Tuesday or a Thursday.
A lot of times groups of guys will get together, get some food and watch the game. That's usually the Saturday game plan for me. I usually hang out with fellow redshirts Brock Burns and Jimmy Daw to watch the games. We'll grab some wings or a pizza, and have a "bros night" watching football on TV or heading over to the Scheu if it's a home game.
Watching games can also be very cool when our teammates make big plays. It's no longer just another guy making a play, but we saw all the hard work and sweat that went into it behind the scenes.
We start off our Sundays (or the day after a game) with another lifting session. After the lift, we get in the mix with the rest of the team, watching the film from the previous day's game.
Even though we didn't play in the game, it's important to still learn from your teammates. When they have a great play, you learn from it and try to do the same when it's your turn in practice.
If they happen to mess up, everyone in the room learns from it to make sure it happens less often. We finish our Sunday's with a full team meeting with Coach Neu, where he touches on the game from the day before and will lay out the schedule for the upcoming week.
As you can see, there aren't a whole lot of autograph sessions or photo shoots for the redshirts. We do our jobs and that's about it. Every redshirt has the dream of one day being the guy in front of the cameras making big plays, but it all has to start somewhere.


text:
Home » TellMeWhy » Where Are Stalactites Formed?
Posted by Juniorsbook on Dec 24, 2018 in TellMeWhy |
Where Are Stalactites Formed?
Where Are Stalactites Formed? Stalactites are the stony deposits hanging like icicles from the roofs of caves. Stalagmites are similar deposits rising in columns and cones from the caves' floors. Caves occur chiefly in limestone and chalk formations, because water dissolves these rocks.
The River Lesse, for example, in its passage through the caves of Han, in Belgium, has been estimated to dissolve some five tons of limestone in a day. It is redeposited as carbonate which builds up the stalactites and stalagmites. The seepage of water down the cave walls and through the roof produces constant dripping and evaporation.
Stone icicles form on the cave roof, slowly growing with the addition of successive layers of calcium carbonate. The word "stalactite" comes from the Greek and means "drop by drop". There is, too, a general term "dripstone" which is used to cover all formations.
Stalactites are at first hollow, for the depositing of the carbonate is fastest at the outer ring of the water drop. As the evaporating water deposits its mineral matter, the cavity slowly fills up and the stalactite becomes solid.
When water trickles out of a narrow cleft in the roof, instead of a small hole, a hanging curtain of stone will form in place of a conical stalactite. The Jeita Grotto in Lebanon is home to the world's largest stalactite (26.9 feet or 8.2 meters).
If the water flows so quickly that it splashes on the floor of the cave, it deposits its calcium carbonate there and small cones and domes of stone called stalagmites begin to rise. These may grow up to join the stalactites above and form single columns. Some cave floors are covered with stalagmites. They may grow so high that they block the cave entrance.
One of the tallest known stalagmites, one measuring about 98 feet high, is located in the Cévennes National Park, in Lozère, France, in the Aren Armand cave. Other one is 62.2 metres (204 ft) high and is located in the cave of Cueva Martin Infierno, Cuba.
Content for this question contributed by Michael Hunter, resident of Greensburg, Decatur County, Indiana, USA
What Is the Aurora Borealis?
How Kudzu Earned the Nickname 'the Vine That Ate the South'?
Who Invented the Rocket?


I have a passion for working with first-time home buyers. I love helping those clients transition from renting to buying their first home. I am enthusiastic and full of energy. I take great pride in working hard with and for my clients in matching their desires with a home that has the right presence and character for them. The best way to ensure clients are satisfied, come back, and refer others is through dedication and caring for them the way I do.


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Михаил Викторович Бобовкин (род. , ) — российский учёный-юрист, специалист в области криминалистики и судебной экспертизы, профессор юридического института Московского государственного университета путей сообщения (МГУПС), доктор юридических наук (2006), профессор (2012).

Основная область научных исследований — проблемы судебной экспертизы, преимущественно методы экспертного исследования в области почерковедческой экспертизы.

Примечания

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Smell Like a Star, a Doll, or Incredible with Sniff & Cuddle Baby Colognes!
Social Media's First Family, Team Kramer teamed up with Zen Zest Asia and Sniff & Cuddle Baby Cologne, with the Scent of Baby Love.
"When Team Kramer approached Zen Zest for a fragrance partnership, I thought it was a great opportunity to take the Zen Zest fragrance brand to more Filipinos because, after all, Team Kramer is "Social Media's First Family," says Michelle Asence-Fontelera, Founder and President of Zen Zest Asia, Inc.
A few days before Y and I left for Hong Kong, a package was delivered to our house and it was a box filled with Sniff & Cuddle colognes and treats!
Sniff & Cuddle colognes plus some marshmallows (which made Y and R so happy heehee! and a blankie!
My kids love playing outdoors, they go to the playground as much as they can but when they come home, they would be amoy-araw or amoy-pawis! Then I started using Sniff & Cuddle in Star scent on Y and R last week, they smell so good even after playing outdoors! Now I always use it on them after showers, before play time or going out to the mall. And I love how handy the size is, I can just put it in my bag or their bag for instant refresh while we're out!
"We thought of teaming up with Zen Zest to do create a baby cologne with us. I want my kids and other kids their age to grow up with a memorable, distinctive baby cologne, like our generation did growing up," Chesca said.
Sniff & Cuddle is made with fragrance oils from France. It doesn't only makes your kids smell good and irresistible, it also soothes and soften skin because it is made with Aloe & Oat Protein Moisturizers. Sniff & Cuddle comes in three scents which are named after the three Kramer cutie pies!
"STAR" for #KendraSuperstar has a fresh and floral scent.
"DOLL" for #ScarlettDoll has a sweet and fruity scent.
"INCREDIBLE" for #GavIncredible has a clean and powdery scent.
And last but not the least, check out Team Kramer's BTS of their Zen Zest shoot! They're super adorable, there's no doubt they're Social Media's First Family!
Make Sniff & Cuddle as a part of your daily arsenal for your kids! Sniff & Cuddle is available for only Php60 at Zen Zest outlets in malls, Boardwalk direct-selling dealers, www.sniffandcuddle.com, and soon, supermarkets and personal care stores nationwide.


Meet the team that's passionate about your health…..
I graduated from the McTimoney College of Chiropractic in 1999 and so have 20 years of clinical experience.
A couple of years world tours later, taking in Glastonbury, Reading Festival and the top 40 charts, it all ended abruptly.
1996 saw me back in education and in 1999 I graduated from the McTimoney College of Chiropractic ready for my new career!
I have always been a keen sportsman, regularly playing golf, rugby and athletics and any other challenge that comes my way.
In 2008 I completed Ironman UK in Dorset. Consecutively, swimming 2.5 miles, cycling 112 miles and then running a marathon. Still one of my proudest moments!
Please take a look at my favourite picture of me, crossing the finish line with my amazing two children.
Eton Chiropractic Clinic are proud to announce the addition of Nicola Sanders to its clinical staff.
Nicola retired from full time athletics in 2014 after a hugely successful athletics career in which, amongst many titles, she won 400 metres Gold at both the 2007 European Indoor Championships (see video below) and the 2012 World Indoor Championships and was just pipped to the line by Christina Ohuruogu in the final of the World Championships at Osaka in 2007.
Nicola has a sports science degree and has recently undertaken a sports massage qualification.
Having suffered from injuries from time to time in her athletics career and having received the finest treatment that this country can provide, Nicola intimately understands how to overcome persistent problems.


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Guest Post: Invaders of the Rokujouma and Strength in Weakness
Welcome back JeskaiAngel, one of our regular guest contributors here on Beneath the Tangles. Today, he takes a deep dive into a light novel series we recommend—Invaders of the Rokujouma!?
I didn't expect to encounter deep, encouraging thoughts about the nature and origin of true strength in a light novel, but… I recently started reading the light novel series Invaders of the Rokujouma!?. It's partly Stardf29's fault for a post about it on Twitter, and partly the fault of J-novel Club for making the first NINETEEN volumes of the series available for free (seriously, why are you reading me instead of them?). I quickly devoured, well, all nineteen of them and now eagerly wait for more to be translated into English.
In the course of my madcap novel-devouring spree, I was impressed by how insightfully the series explored the concept of strength. If you're not familiar with the series, hmm, let's say it starts out being about a high school kid living on his own and trying to defend his apartment from a ghost, alien invasion, mole people, and cosplayers, and gets more awesome from there. The protagonist ends up facing and defeating all manner of threats to the well-being of his friends and apartment. While the topic of strength comes up several times, there's an especially deep conversation about it in vol. 14.
Protagonist Koutarou's landlord, Shizuka, mostly seemed to be a normal human for the first thirteen volumes, albeit one highly skilled in martial arts. Then *spoilers* it turns out she is host to the astral projection of a giant magic dragon and receives said dragon's strength. Shizuka discovers this when she tries to save a child from a fire similar to the one in which her parents died. She finds herself unable to pull off the rescue, only for Uncle Dragon to reveal himself to her and empower her to save both her own life and that of the kid.
Though the books are incalculably superior to the anime, I concede that the anime is a convenient source for images.
Afterward, Shizuka is grateful for Uncle Dragon's help, but also suffers a crisis of confidence. After years and years of training her body to be as strong as possible so that she could protect others, she still wasn't strong enough to deal with the problem on her own and had to rely on someone else. "In the end, I still couldn't save anyone, just like when dad and mom died. So I'm disappointed that I haven't grown at all…" Landlord-san laments. Feeling that all her training was meaningless, she expresses envy of Koutarou (who, among other achievements, accidentally became the most famous knight in the entire history of an alien civilization). Shizuka says, "I'd like to learn the secret behind being a legendary hero."
Koutarou's response shocks his landlord: "According to your way of thinking, I've never saved anyone with just my own strength before." As she starts to object, Koutarou declares that he's "Always borrowing everyone else's power to fight." The only strength Koutarou can claim as his own is moderate skill with a sword. But someone else gave him his regular sword and his high-tech armor. Another character gave him his magic sword. A third person gave him what is basically a magic gauntlet. A fourth gave him some psychic abilities… You get the idea. In every one of his battles, Koutarou owed his success to weapons, skills, and powers that others provided.
Koutarou points out that in terms of basic physical strength Landlord-san is already stronger than he is, and says he can only offer one piece of advice: "What you need right now is to be able to honestly rely on others." He confesses that he used to think it was "disgraceful" to need others and not be independent, but learned by experience that only by borrowing others' power could he accomplish anything. "I have people I have to protect no matter how. And I need power to be able to do that. I don't care whose power that is, because I don't have room to be picky." Self-reliance might salve his ego, but it would leave him incapable of making any difference in the lives of those he cared about. Koutarou could receive and fully use the strength of others only because he first accepted his own weakness. As the narrator puts it, "He had something he wanted to protect more than his pride."
As Shizuka ponders Koutarou's words, she realizes that her tenant wasn't strong because of his weapons and powers, "He was strong because he acknowledged that he was weak." And nothing before this did, that quote especially is reminiscent of a Bible verse or three. Faced with some unspecified problem, the apostle Paul prayed repeatedly that God would remove it. In response, Jesus told him, "My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness." Thus, Paul said he determined to "boast all the more gladly of my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may rest upon me…For when I am weak, then I am strong" (2 Cor. 12.9-10). Paul's personal weakness provided the perfect venue for God to display far greater power.
In John 9, we find the hilarious story of Jesus healing a man who was born blind (seriously, I dare you to read this story and then tell me God doesn't have a sense of humor). Jesus uses the physical blindness of the man he healed as a metaphor for spiritual blindness. When some of his opponents, the Pharisees, scoff that they aren't blind, "Jesus said to them, 'If you were blind, you would have no guilt; but now that you say, 'We see,' your guilt remains'" (Jn. 9.41). Elsewhere, Jesus observes that those who think they are well don't visit a doctor. And in Rev. 3.17, addressing the believers in Laodicea, Jesus says, "You say, 'I am rich, and have become wealthy, and have need of nothing,' and you do not know that you are wretched and miserable and poor and blind and naked." We can't accept the help we need while clinging to pride and self-righteousness. We can't enjoy the strength God offers if we insist on relying on ourselves for everything. A sense of arrogant independence that denies our true weakness will keeping us from trusting others – God above all – the way we need to.
Jesus' answer when Paul asked about his "thorn in the flesh" was hardly the first time God used weakness as an occasion for power. God brought about salvation fall mankind through a man being crucified, even though the world found that the cross disgraceful and foolish. In ancient times, crucifixion was considered an especially humiliating and degrading form of execution. This is part of what Paul was getting at when he wrote, "For the foolishness of God is wiser than men, and the weakness of God is stronger than men…God chose what is foolish in the world to shame the wise; God chose what is weak in the world to shame the strong" (1 Cor. 1.25, 27).
Unlike Koutarou, we have no friendly ghosts to grant us psychic abilities or alien princesses to provide us with powered armor, but we do have access to one even mightier who is willing to empower us. But just like Koutarou, we need humility in order to be able to trust someone else for our strength. Accepting our own weakness can challenging. In some ways, it's more comfortable to cling to a delusion of self-sufficiency. I (and probably most of you, O readers mine) live in a society that prizes that personal independence, glories in so-called "rugged individualism," and believes that reliance on anything outside ourselves should be considered a regrettable stopgap at best. Moreover, culture often cloaks its pride-promoting messages in pseudo-virtuous rationalizations, making it even trickier to recognize pride in ourselves.
Chronic illness, both physical and mental, has forced me to look at just how weak I really am. For God to aid me in my weakness today is merely a continuation of how he has worked many times before. The scriptures are full of stories in which people who trusted God rather than relying on themselves "were made strong out of weakness" (as Heb. 11.34 puts it). Nothing has changes since Yahweh, speaking of himself, declared:
"He gives power to the faint, and to him who has no might he increases strength. Even youths shall faint and be weary, and young men shall fall exhausted; but they who wait for Yahweh shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings like eagles; they shall run and not be weary; they shall walk and not faint." (Isa. 40.29-31)
I'm weak. That's just how it is. But I don't need to stay weak. I just need to trust my Almighty Creator and let go of my pretensions of independence.
Koutarou easily accepts the reality of ghosts, mole people, and extraterrestrials, but struggles with how unrealistic the idea magic is.
The Afterword of vol. 19 further contributes to Invaders of the Rokujouma!?'s exploration of true strength. A character named Yurika has finally come into her own and proven herself extremely strong. Oh, and she's not just strong, she's also a prodigy, a genius when it comes to magic. Despite being incredibly powerful, she began the story as the most immature, lazy, whiny, cowardly member of the entire (rather large) cast. Her weakness of character made her what the author calls a "dysfunctional magician" despite having access to phenomenal cosmic power. (Hmm, is it coincidence that she also ends up with an itty-bitty living space inside a wardrobe?) Only after Yurika undergoes many volumes of character development and becomes more loving and courageous is she able to start using her magic to its full potential. The author explains that this was by design – he wanted Yurika to be extremely strong, but making her too capable at the outset would have disrupted the story. Instead of limiting how much power Yurika had, the author used her character flaws to limit on how she used her magic. A similar blending of assets and flaws happened for most of the story's characters, the author adds. The only member of the main cast with no particular flaws or weaknesses is Kiriha – the one character with no supernatural abilities or overpowered weapons of her own. In different ways, she is both the weakest and the strongest.
Yurika's character arc – and her contrast with the perceptive and insightful yet physically weak Kiriha – demonstrates of two more points about true strength. First, prideful self-sufficiency isn't the only the flaw that can keep us from being powerful. Second, while some weaknesses of character can largely nullify other strengths we may possess (as in Yurika's case), there are also forms of weakness that can coexist alongside great power. Yurika wielded powerful magic but for many volumes was still the weakest member of the cast. The strongest man who ever was or will be let himself be crucified, and you can be sure that while he hung there in pain, naked, bleeding, and gasping for breath, he didn't look strong at all. But Jesus' physical weakness in that moment only serves to highlight his incredible strength of character, trust, and love. Going to the cross was an act of weakness, in a sense, but also a display of unfathomable strength. Similarly (though to an infinitely lesser degree), Kiriha's relative weakness in combat doesn't prevent her from possessing inner strength.
I don't know about you, but I struggle with letting my weaknesses define me. I look at my inability to do something, or my inability to do something well, or even my inaccurately perceived inability to something well, and conclude that I am, as a person, weak. I look at areas where I struggle spiritually and conclude I'm a horrendous sinner. I end up defining my self-image based on weakness. Invaders of the Rokujouma!? offered me, and I hope you as well, a helpful correction. These books serve as a reminder that strength comes from others and that a lack of inherent personal strength isn't a problem. These books are a reminder that character flaws can get in the way of strength but don't wholly negate it, and by growing in character, I can make greater use of strength I already possess. Finally, the stories of Koutarou, Shizuka, Yurika, and the others serve as a reminder that unlike weakness of character, one may be physically weak and still have access to undiminished strength.
I will uphold you with my righteous right hand." – Isa. 4
Interested in checking out Invaders of the Rokujouma!? Check out to the links below for Volume 14, referenced in the first half of this piece, and volume 19 from the second half, or if you haven't started at all, volume 1!
04.03.2019 05.15.2019 jeskaiangelAnime, Christianity, Guest Post, light novelanime, Christianity, Invaders of the Rokujouma, j-novel club, light novel
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Krispy Kreme's Reese's Peanut Butter Egg Doughnuts Will Make Your Mouth Water
Krispy Kreme/Instagram
By Callie Tansill-Suddath
If you've never gone into a Krispy Kreme when the red light is on outside, you're missing out. I didn't eat my first Krispy Kreme doughnut until college, and after a lifetime of thinking doughnuts were a subpar treat I saw the (red) light. Truly, there in no dessert experience that can quite match it — and now they are continuing to change the game by cooking up something really special for the Easter season. Krispy Kreme's Reese's Peanut Butter Egg doughnut is officially back in action, according to their most recent Instagram post and a press release on their website. Spring may start with the Spring Equinox, but I think we can all agree that it started the moment Krispy Kreme brought these PB-filled bad boys back into our lives.
If you didn't have a chance to try them last year, the confection is made up of an unglazed classic doughnut, stuffed with peanut butter "kreme," dipped in chocolate icing, topped with chopped nuts, and decorated like an Easter egg with blue and yellow icing, according to a press release from Krispy Kreme. It's like an amped up version of the classic Easter candy, but larger and doughier and probably with a much bigger sugar kick.
Plus, the Reese's Peanut Butter Egg Doughnut isn't the only springtime special the chain is offering; you'll also find a kreme-filled doughnut decorated like a chick on shelves, as well as a chocolate frosted number with sprinkles reminiscent of a spring color palette. A lemon glazed pastry will also be added to the menu for one week in late April after reigning supreme over caramel, maple, and blueberry flavors in an online #VoteforGlaze contest.
The bakery chain has never been one to shy away from inventive renditions of their specialty, and if history serves as any indication, festive holiday-themed treats are an area in which they excel. In the past six months alone they have sold green doughnuts for St. Patrick's Day (stylizing the name as O'riginal), gingerbread doughnuts for Christmas, and Oreo doughnuts for Valentine's Day.
Plus if all of that wasn't enough, the chain introduced the Hershey's Gold doughnut — a glazed doughnut topped with pieces of Hershey's new Gold bar and a drizzle of caramel icing— in mid-February.
The good news is Krispy Kreme is hardly the only culinary chain using the season transition as a reason to debut new spring-related treats; it may still be freezing outside, but there are a whole slew of seasonal items being released that will hopefully see us all through them.
Instagram devotees will recall Starbucks' Unicorn Frappuccino — a turquoise and magenta iced blended beverage that tasted of mango and sour blue (yes, blue is a flavor) and graced everyone's social media feeds for one week last March. Well, clearly social media influencers weren't the only ones pleased with the promotion, as later this week the coffee chain is supposedly debuting a new outrageous concoction just in time for spring. Baristas across the country have begun to post hints about Starbucks' next big beverage: the Crystal Ball Frappuccino. Starbucks hasn't confirmed its existence, but according to rumors circulating online, the offering will once again be turquoise, have a base of peach-flavored cream, topped with whipped cream (naturally) and be finished with crumbled rock candy. Fingers crossed until we get word from the mermaid herself.
But if sweets aren't your thing, donut despair. Everyone's favorite faithful old convenience store 7-11 is also getting in on the excitement with the debut of its new TATER TOT BAR. Who knew you could improve on the delightful crispy potato puffs? 7-11 did. According to a press release from the company's corporate office, the bars will give customers an option to add between six and ten additions to their order of tots, with options like chili and nacho cheese. Think of the new offering as tater tot nachos. totchos, if you will. Plus, college students can rejoice, as the snack is super budget-friendly with a set of 10 for a buck or 25 for two dollars. My mouth is watering already.
The vernal equinox is this afternoon. Use it as an excuse to treat yourself to any number of tasty treats from your favorite chains — with all these nor'easters pummeling half the U.S., you're gonna need them.


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Q: Dart: sort list of maps by double I have a list of maps in dart that I would like to sort.
The list I use:
List<myModel> myList;

(with maps inside):
(I created a model called 'myModel', so if I want to get the views: so I can use: myList[index].views to get the views of a map).
I tried this code:
setState(() {
        filteredList = SplayTreeMap.from(
            myList,
            (a, b) => int.parse(myList[a].views)
                .compareTo(int.parse(myList[b].views)));
      });

(I want to sort the views, hight to low).
But I get this error:
error: A value of type 'SplayTreeMap' can't be assigned to a variable of type 'List<myModel>'.

What am I doing wrong?
Thanks in advance!
EDIT:
I 'query' my list this way.
    filteredList = myList
        .where((snapshot) => snapshot.views > 0)
        .toList();

This works...
Is there a possibility to sort that way?

A: You cannot pass a List to SplayTreeMap.from(...).
See the documentation:
SplayTreeMap.from(Map other, [int compare(K key1 K key2), bool isValidKey(dynamic potentialKey)])

You need to use a Map or otherwise use SplayTreeMap.fromIterable(...) (documentation):
SplayTreeMap.fromIterable(Iterable iterable, {K key(dynamic element), V value(dynamic element), int compare(K key1 K key2), bool isValidKey(dynamic potentialKey)})

You could implement in the following way:
final filteredList =
    SplayTreeMap.fromIterable(
      myList,
      key: (m) => m,
      value: (m) => m.views,
      compare: (a, b) =>
        int.parse(a.views).compareTo(int.parse(b.views))
    );

The above is an example, adjust it to your needs.
EDIT 2:
Given your edit, you could do something like:
final temp = List.from(myList);
temp.sort((a, b) => int.parse(a.views).compareTo(int.parse(b.views)));

filteredList = temp;


OLD PARKED CARS.: 1972 AMC Hornet Sportabout X.
1972 AMC Hornet Sportabout X.
awesome pre face lift hornet. it has that good rustic look to it and the guard kitteh is doing his or her job.
this is on my list as one of the coolest wagons ever made.
The Finnish flag in the 2nd and 5th picture. Nice.
This is such a typical Sportabout. So glad to see it still by the curbside.
I love the cat tail in the first picture. It looks like you had a new friend.
I'll take the car and the cat. Awesome find, love Sportabouts.


Wedding Cars in Blackshaw Head. Classic Wedding Car Hire in Blackshaw Head.
We are a leading provider of classic & vintage bridal transport throughout West Yorkshire and specifically we have helped several couples to arrive in style at Blackshaw Head.
First of all, the bride's car will arrive in Blackshaw Head about 15 minutes early. It will have the ribbon colour you have specified, be smartly turned out, as will the Chauffeur.


Afternoon tea has to be one of my favourite things to do and when we recently had the opportunity to try the science themed afternoon tea, at the Ampersand Hotel in London, we jumped at the chance.
I had recently stumbled across the science themed afternoon tea, when I came across an article on London's quirkiest afternoon teas. I thought it would be a perfect way to experience an afternoon tea that would also entertain the kids at the same time and I certainly wasn't wrong!
We booked our table about a month in advance through Bookatable. It is very popular, so it's definitely worth booking in advance. We went with friends and there was 8 of us in total, so we booked a table for 12.30pm, slightly earlier than the more typical time for afternoon tea.
The Ampersand Hotel is a gorgeous boutique hotel, located literally a stones throw from South Kensington underground station. As it was so close to the station, we arrived about 15 minutes early, which wasn't a problem. We were shown to our table in the hotel's Drawing Room, which was lovely. Nice bright and modern contemporary decor, whilst still retaining the gorgeous period features of the hotel.
Our table was at the back of the room and meant we had that area to ourselves for most of the time we were there. We took our seats and the kids started to get really excited when they discovered a beaker with test tubes and a brush in the middle of the table.
We quickly browsed the menu, although we all knew that the science afternoon tea was what we wanted, the adults just needed to decide whether to go with the champagne option or not – we did!
We had four children with us and rather than go for a stand each we decided to order two children's afternoon teas and order more if we needed it. The children's afternoon tea comes with hot chocolate rather than tea, so we ordered an extra two to ensure everyone had their own drink.
We didn't have to wait long before the drinks arrived. The hot chocolates were brilliant and came in space themed mugs that changed colour as the mug got hotter, along with marshmallows, chocolate balls and a chocolate on a spoon that you dipped into the cups to make the milk go chocolatey.
The waitress also brought out beakers with syringes and test tubes to make flavoured lemonade. We had to mix various things together, adding water and flavouring with pipettes and to make different flavours. The kids absolutely loved it and were in their element mixing up a range of 'potions', whilst the adults sipped on champagne.
Next out were the food stands. The children's brightly coloured rockets stand were bought out first and caused lots of excitement. On the stands were hot dogs, jam sandwiches, a rocket shaped cheese pastry, scones, jelly, a chocolate moumou planet and a cake pop with sprinkles. The kids couldn't believe their luck.
The adult's stands were then delivered to the table and again, there was lots of oohing and ahhing! On our stands we had mini feta tarts, beef and chicken rolls and smoked salmon on a blini. On the second tier were plain and cranberry and white chocolate scones with clotted cream, jam and lemon curd served in a squeezy tube. On the top was rhubarb and cranberry jelly in a petri dish, a dark chocolate and passion fruit 'planet' mousse, a chocolate and coconut half-moon cake, a spaceman chocolate and redcurrent and lychee macaroon.
Before we all tucked in, our waitress poured water on to the dry ice, which was at the bottom of each stand. This created a smoke effect, so it looked like the rockets were about to take off. A really lovely touch.
We started with the savoury bits first and everything (apart from the salmon, which I gave to Oscar) was very tasty, particularly the beef roll. The staff asked if we wanted any more savouries, so we ordered an extra roll each.
We then moved on to the beautiful warm scones. I thought the cranberry and white chocolate scones were particular tasty. It was then time for the sweet treats on the top, which were delicious. I really liked the macaroon and the chocolate and coconut moon cake, which was super light.
Everyone thought the food was brilliant and we were all full at the end. The kids all ate loads, although we felt that two stands between the four of them was definitely enough.
Once we'd finished eating the adults ordered cocktails, which were lovely and definitely had a kick. Whilst the kids used the paint brush to discover space chocolate in wooden boxes covered with oreo 'dust'.
The whole experience was absolutely brilliant. We were in there about two hours and both the adults and kids loved every minute. It's the perfect treat for a special occasion and we'd highly recommend it, it's worth every penny.
The science afternoon tea is served Monday to Saturday from 12.30pm – 9pm and on a Sunday from 12.30pm – 7pm. It's £39.50 for adults, or £49.50 with champagne and was £29.50 for each of the children's stands.
You can book at Bookatable who have a special section dedicated to themed afternoon teas.
Disclosure: we were asked to review the science themed afternoon tea by Bookatable in return for a contribution towards the cost of the experience. As ever all opinions are my own.
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75+ End of the Year Teacher Gift Ideas | Happy Deal - Happy Day!
There is only 2 weeks left here in upstate NY before summer vacation is finally here. Let's not forget to honor the teachers that have been with our kiddos this past year with an End of the Year Teacher gift! Here are 75+ easy and frugal ideas to thank your child's teacher this year.
Easy Homemade Lavender Soap – Make 12 Bars in One Hour!
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