text:
Billy Bob on McSweeney Takes Swipe at Lightfoot
Angel Llavona on New Asylum Rules Proposed
← Jack Franks Criticized for Loss of Temper
Further Critique of Jack Franks' Plan to Send $100 Checks to Most, But Not All, Homeowners →
NWH Endorses All Republicans Who Appeared for Interviews
Posted on 10/04/2018 by Cal SkinnerOctober 3, 2018
In its Editorial Board endorsements, Jack Franks, who seems to have enormous influence on the placement of articles, struck out.
Not one Democrat running for the McHenry County Board was endorsed.
McHenry County Clerk Joe Tirio's County Fair fan.
Franks' allies who trashed McHenry County Clerk candidate Joe Tirio via direct mail and robo-calls also will be disappointed.
Tirio was endorsed, too, although the paper notes, "we don't agree with Tirio on everything."
How the newspaper disagrees with the current Recorder of Deeds is not stated.
That statement was made after this praise:
"He has done his best to find efficiencies, not spend where it wasn't needed and is now working to return money to the taxpayers. He has the experience and knowledge base to run efficient, safe elections and work to find cost savings in the consolidations of the two departments."
McHenry County Board Districts 1 (lower right hand corner), 2 (Crystal Lake and Lake in the Hills) and 3 (Crystal Lake up to McHenry).
In District 1, appointed County Board member Chris Spoerl is praised for his service on the Cary Grade School Board.
Running mate Bob Novak's work experience as Cary's Building, Planning and Zoning Director is cited, plus his opposition to the County Board walkout when Chairman Jack Franks was hostilely criticizing Tirio.
District 2 has no one running for re-election. The closest to an incumbent is one-termer Carolyn Schofield, who also served in the Crystal Lake City Council and stepped down from the County Board to run unsuccessfully for State Rep.
Another Cary Grade School Board member, Josh Howell, is also endorsed. The Herald does not point out that District 26 has cut its tax levy 20% in the last five years.
District 3's endorsements go to incumbent and former Board Chairman Joe Gottemoller and former Crystal Lake Grade School Human Resources administrator Lori Parrish.
McHenry County Board Districts 4 (upper right), (Woodstock to Lake in the Hills) and 6 ( the western part of the County).
The paper notes that District 4 Republican candidates Pam Althoff and Chuck Wheeler have not Democratic Party opponents.
In District 5, John Jung is praised for his work during the last almost four years and running mate Michael Rein receives kudos for his work "to cut positions within the government and plans to advocate for cutting the County Board's tax levy another 10 percent."
No endorsements are made in District 6, because the Republicans did not show up for an interview and Democrat Buffy Brasile "is not actively campaigning for the seat…" Her running mate, Larry Spaeth did have an interview, but apparently did not pass muster.
Democrats are named and dismissed with the phrase "also are on the ballot."
The endorsement editorial explains that Sheriff Bill Prim, Treasurer Glenda Miller and Regional Superintendent of Schools Leslie Schermerhorn have no Democrats running against them.
Posted in Carolyn Schofield, Chris Spoerl, Chuck Wheeler, Endorsement, Jack Franks, Joe Gottemoller, Joe Tirio, John Jung, Josh Howell, Lori Parrish, McHenry County Board., Michael Rein, Northwest Herald, Pam Althoff, Robert Nowak	permalink
NWH Endorses All Republicans Who Appeared for Interviews — 11 Comments
Steve Willson on 10/04/2018 at 4:38 am said:
I compliment the Herald for making endorsements.
In recent elections, they were missing in action.
But even while I broadly agree with their choices, I'm appalled at their lack of reasoning.
The Herald goes on and on about experience like it's the most important thing.
You pick candidates based on their stands on the issues.
Competence is important, but I don't care how experienced a candidate is if I disagree with them on the issues.
Yet with the exception of John Jung and Joe Tirio, the editorial says nothing about what the candidates promise to do or what their platform is.
AlabamaShake on 10/04/2018 at 8:49 am said:
Why is this a surprise?
How many Democrats have the NWH endorsed over the past 20 years?
Do you need more than one hand to count them?
The NWH has long been a conservative, Republican paper.
bred winner on 10/04/2018 at 9:29 am said:
Looks like the newspaper merely reflects the assessment of most McHenry County voters over the last 20 years. There are have not been many good Democrat candidates to vote for nor endorse.
D J on 10/04/2018 at 10:33 am said:
Any ex-schoolteacher on the ballot can call me and I'll give you $75 and a Kohl's Cash Coupon for a shopping spree, if you promise to just start leaving the rest of us alone.
Knownextremist on 10/04/2018 at 11:09 am said:
Was Spoerl really complimented on not bring part of the Board walkout?
That just shows who is really running this paper.
Sniper on 10/04/2018 at 12:41 pm said:
Since the number of readers is few and dwindling, and since the number of people who obey our local outlet of fakenews is smaller still, who the hell cares!
Pinto on 10/04/2018 at 12:45 pm said:
AlabamaShake has been drinking the kool-aid.
The Herald has always been a liberal rag run by losers.
In the old days, their endorsement LOST their endorsees' votes!
No, it's rather irrelevant.
Can't wait for the final fold up.
Vincent Diorio on 10/04/2018 at 1:04 pm said:
Joe Tirio's a brand in and unto himself.
Thinks outside the box, fiscally responsible -beyond the norm, makes significant promises and keeps them!
Other observations are that
PRIM is also beyond reproach in my opinion, and is another unusual politician.
WILCOX is a warrior!
Dr. REIN, YVONNE BARNES and CHUCK WHEELER look out for the taxpayer, and for what's right at their own peril.
WILBECK is a policy, RFQ fiend-needed on the board just as he was at MCC.
We would have done very well to have SCHUSTER's knowledge and time dedicated to the board.
My eyes will be on Parish and Howell after the election.
Farrin Squire on 10/04/2018 at 1:34 pm said:
You're right! Spoerl was part of the walkout when Franks stepped into tyrant mode and was politicizing from his chairman seat and lost control of the meeting.
Received John Jung's mailer today.
When I was done being doubled over from the good yarn that is his postcard, I decided to share my thoughts and welcome
yours.
I don't like that he's perpetuating the lie that the county board reduced the tax levy by 11.2%.
An abatement that is unsustainable. is nothing to run on.
We got the abatement simply because Valley Hi had a surplus that was allowed to grow to over legal limits.
This abatement would have happened with or without Jung, Franks etc.
Franks used it to win an election with the lie "Cut 10%" and some board members are following him and using it to win theirs WHILE complaining that it's an untruth! and is unsustainable!
He touts that he's
"Fiscally conservative" – what has he ever done that was free thinking, let alone 'fiscally conservative'??
Says he 'Voted to eliminate County Board Pensions' WHILE HE'S DRAWING THE PENSION RIGHT NOW!!!
"Voted for Term Limits" – since he's ready to retire and has been stinking up that board for term upon term…!!
The endorsement paragraph from a failed Woodstock mayor is the icing on the cake!
"Works tirelessly?" (when he isn't mistaken for being comatose, he's taking phone calls during meetings and leaving the room. How is that a working, dedicated, involved, effective board member??)
"understanding of the issues?" (how would anyone know-he never speaks up on any of the issues and never leads! A miserable follower at best!
The hypocrisy and the insult to the intelligence of the voters is unbelievable.
I would never vote for the AFSME/Socialist Democrat that is running against him so his hypocritical and shameless mailer just earned a bullet vote for Michael Rein, who has been a voice and watchdog for the voters.
Am I wrong on any of these points, Cal?
If I am please correct me.
Maybe Cal will post his mailer if he got it in the mail today.
It has two be seen to be believed.
And it's a compounded lie anyway!
It's not a tax cut, it's an abatement.
Many of us are well aware of the lie there.
The compounded dishonesty comes from the fact that it wasn't 11.2%, but 9.5%.
Is the likes of Jung what you really want on the county board?
Bullet Voting for Rein!
JustinFun on 10/05/2018 at 1:07 pm said:
Farrin has drawn a factual picture of Jung that fits the RINO-rat to a T!


text:
Mary Higgins Clark, 'Queen Of Suspense,' Dies At 92
Published February 1, 2020 at 6:39 PM CST
Michael Buckner
Mary Higgins Clark has died at 92, the author of over 50 bestselling suspense novels. Her longtime publisher, Simon & Schuster, announced the news on Friday.
Bestselling author Mary Higgins Clark, known for page-turning thrillers that earned her the nickname the "Queen of Suspense," has died at 92.
Her publisher, Simon & Schuster, announced that Higgins Clark died of natural causes in Naples, Fla., on Friday, surrounded by loving family and friends.
Higgins Clark is survived by five children, including mystery novelist Carol Higgins Clark, six grandchildren and two great-grandchildren.
"Beginning in 1975 with the publication of Where Are The Children?, each of her 56 books has been a bestseller," Simon & Schuster President and CEO Carolyn K. Reidy said in a statement. "There are more than 100 million copies of her books in print in the United States."
Born Mary Theresa Eleanor Higgins on Dec. 24, 1927, in the Bronx, she was a natural storyteller. Her work ethic was renowned in literary circles.
Higgins Clark's literary career spanned the second half of her life, publishing her first suspense novel in her late 40s. Following the death of her first husband, Warren Clark, in 1964, the mother of five would rise at 5 a.m. before work to write. Her protagonists were often women, and she wrote at a gripping pace to draw readers into their worlds.
"She was unique. Nobody ever bonded more completely with her readers than Mary did," Michael Korda, her longtime editor, said in a statement.
Higgins Clark's plots followed a formula, with her characters placed into perilous situations, and often triumphing. In All Around the Town, a woman accused of murdering her professor is aided by her attorney sister. In The Cradle Will Fall, a prosecutor in recovery from a traffic accident witnesses the makings of a murder out her hospital window.
"The critical factor is that each chapter should bring you to the point where, whatever time of the night it is, you want to turn the next chapter," Michael Korda, her longtime editor, told NPR.
"That is the greatest compliment I can get, when someone will say to me, 'I read your darn book till 4 in the morning,' " Higgins Clark responded with a laugh. "I say you've got your money's worth."
Higgins Clark last spoke to NPR on the occasion of her 90th birthday.
At the time of her death, Higgins Clark was still writing. In recent years, she had collaborated with Alafair Burke on the Under Suspicion series. Her last novel, Kiss the Girls and Make Them Cry, published in November 2019, was about a journalist investigating sexual misconduct at a news network.
Following news of her death, writers and readers lauded Higgins Clark on Twitter.
"Mary Higgins Clark was a class act. I'll always treasure the publishing advice she gave me. Ride out the rough patches and don't get greedy. My heart goes out to her lovely family," author Christopher Rice said in a tweet.
Seeking a page from her book of life lessons, author Harlan Coben cut to the core of her success.
"Mary loved being a writer — and she loved her readers. She was kind to all," he tweeted. He added, reflecting on Higgins Clark's early mornings spent writing: "Don't whine you don't have time to write."
Mary #writingtip: Mary was widowed in her thirties and left to raise five young children on her own while working a full-time job to support them. She wrote from 5am to 7am at her kitchen table and then woke her kids for school. Don't whine you don't have time to write.
— Harlan Coben (@HarlanCoben) February 1, 2020
NPR's Lynn Neary contributed reporting.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


(4) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (3), all cases pertaining to unfair trade practices other than those referred to in clause (x) of sub-section (1) of Section 36A of the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969 (54 of 1969) and pending before the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission 80 [immediately before the commencement of the Competition (Amendment) Ordinance, 2009, shall, on such commencement], stand transferred to the National Commission constituted under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 (68 of 1986) and the National Commission shall dispose of such cases as if they were cases filed under that Act: Provided that the National Commission may, if it considers appropriate, transfer any case transferred to it under this sub-section to the concerned State Commission established under section 9 of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 (68 of 1986) and that State Commission shall dispose of such case as if it was filed under that Act.
(7) All investigations or proceedings, relating to unfair trade practices other than those referred to in clause (x) of sub-section (1) of Section 36A of the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969 (54 of 1969) and pending before the Director-General of Investigation and Registration on or before the commencement of this Act shall, on such commencement, stand transferred to the National Commission constituted under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 (68 of 1986) and the National Commission may conduct or order for conduct of such investigation or proceedings in the manner as it deems fit.
(8) All investigations or proceedings relating to unfair trade practices referred to in clause (x) of sub-section (1) of section 36A of the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969 (54 of 1969), and pending before the Director-General of Investigation and Registration on or before the commencement of this Act shall, on such commencement, stand transferred to the Competition Commission of India and the Competition Commission of India may conduct or order for conduct of such investigation in the manner as it deems fit.
(10) The mention of the particular matters referred to in sub-sections (3) to (8) shall not be held to prejudice or affect the general application of section 6 of the General Clauses Act, 1897 (10 of 1897) with regard to the effect of repeal.


We collect information about you to process your order, provide you with the best possible service and keep you updated and informed of company products and offers. We will give you the chance to refuse ammend frequency of any marketing email from us.
Lingerie Seduction is committed to ensuring that your privacy is protected. Should we ask you to provide certain information by which you can be identified when using this website, then you can be assured that it will only be used in accordance with this privacy statement. Lingerie Seduction may change this policy from time to time by updating this page. You should check this page from time to time to ensure that you are happy with any changes.


text:
Classic songs
Cinemas Greatest Scenes
Warner Bros. Pictures.
History Painting
The Best Streets in the World
Monuments and Sites
A short history of Byzantium
A history of the First World War.
Art History History Painting
History Painting: 'September' by Gerhard Richter, 2005.
by Robert Horvat
Sometimes it is premature to name a significant event as a turning point in history. 9/11 and its aftermath, the war on terror and so on, rightly deserves to be termed as such. On the morning of September 11, 2001, Islamic extremists from a group called al Qaeda hijacked commercial airplanes and carried out one of the most sinister suicide attacks against business and military targets in the United States. In truth, the 9/11 attacks can also be called an attack on America. In short, four coordinated airplanes attacked sites on the eastern seaboard in the United States. Two airplanes crashed into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City. A third airplane nose-dived into the Pentagon, the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located just outside Washington, D.C; and a fourth airplane crashed in a rural field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, after passengers unsuccessfully tried to retake control of the airplane from terrorists. In total almost 3,000 people lost their lives that day. In the aftermath, President George W. Bush drafted a major new policy to combat terrorism which today is still felt around the world.
When I decided to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, I didn't want to walk the same path so many others have taken in the weeks leading to today because I felt we have been inundated and or saturated with so much information. Instead, I looked to my history painting series to see if I could find something that illustrates or evokes 9/11 memories from a different and or maybe a personal point of view. Imagine my amazement when I found something so utterly revealing and unique.
In his painting simply titled September, German visual artist, Gerhard Richter, often regarded as one of the most important contemporary of our time, may have possibly created the first important history painting of the 21st century. In doing so, Ritchter has seemingly singlehandedly revived a long lost form of painting that was once immensely popular during the 19th century. Interestingly, Richter's history painting about 9/11 is relatively unknown to the public at large. In 2009 September was gifted to the Museum of Modern Art in New York and I must admit I didn't even know it existed before a few weeks ago. It is my understanding that the actual oil on canvas, 28 1/3 x 20 ½ inches (72 x 52 cm) has never been exhibited. Richter has made print versions of it, which he has sold from time to time.
Richter's history painting September is a direct response to the terrorist attacks on the twin towers of the World Trade Centre on 9/11. He chose to focus on the twin towers because on September 11, 2001, Richter was on board a flight en route to New York City when a second plane flew into the South Tower. His flight like so many others that day across the United States was suddenly diverted and grounded at the nearest airport. It wasn't until he arrived in Halifax, Nova Scotia that Richter discovered what had unfolded. Like millions of people across the world, Richter watched the sickening events of 9/11 before eventually flying home to Germany two days later. Four years later, in 2005, Richter was still rather moved by the events of 9/11 that he chose to commemorate the event in a small painting. At one point Richter felt sickened by the results, trying to paint the burning twin towers. He almost shelved the painting believing it was too real and offensive but rather than give up, Richter scrapped off most of the fiery paint surface and obscured the towers with a gray wash.
By blurring the painting in an abstract veil, it is said that Richter is making the event less traumatic. The ill-defined view of the second plane exploding upon hitting the second tower almost seems palatable, even for those who still suffer from post traumatic stress disorder and especially for those who lost loved ones. Moreover, I believe obscuring the painting in this way helps us to think about the events of 9/11 in a different light.
If I am to leave the reader with one final comment on the subject, I'm going to left it with American curator and art historian, Richard Storr, who understands Richter and his work more than anyone else of this earth. In his book September: A History Painting by Gerhard Richter, Storr wrote—"September commemorates the events of 9/11/01 as well as everything that led up to them and everything that has ensued since and might be called a consequence, by holding all in perpetual suspension and irresolvable tension."
Photo credit: The header image is a Gerhard Richter print from 2009 of his painting September. It is courtesy of Gerhard Richter and Marian Goodman Gallery, New York/Paris. I make use of this image under the rationale of fair use for non-commercial, research and educational purposes. It also enables me to makes an important contribution to the readers understanding of the article, which could not practically be communicated by words alone.
Tags9/11 • 9/11 terrorist attack • Art • Gerhard Richter • History paintings • Modern art • September 11 2001
About Robert Horvat
Robert Horvat is a Melbourne based blogger. He believes that the world is round and that art is one of our most important treasures. He has seen far too many classic films and believes coffee runs through his veins. As a student of history, he favours ancient and medieval history. Music pretty much rules his life and inspires his moods. Favourite artists include The Beatles, Pearl Jam, Garbage and Lana Del Rey.
roberthorvat30.wordpress.com
8 comments on "History Painting: 'September' by Gerhard Richter, 2005."
Wow. I've never seen this image before. It's a powerful work. It makes a huge ominous feeling suddenly quite beautiful. Finding beauty in chaos is a very useful coping mechanism. Thanks for the post
hanspostcard
I had never seen that before- incredible.
Robert Horvat
With so many graphic images of 9/11 burnt into our subconscious, Richter's painting is indeed incredible – and different.
EclecticMusicLover
It's understated tones and textures make it all the more powerful. Nice commentary Robert.
Diana @ Thoughts on Papyrus
A great, moving post and tribute. I find this painting Gerhard Richter potent somehow. Painting like that over the Towers, it seems almost like a reflection (e.g. in city puddles after the rain) and not a direct view, but what is reflected is most certainly not what any New Yorker should ever see.
S. Awan
That's a really evocative image.
I enjoy your art posts but now have to ask? Is this going to be the start of modern or contemporary paintings? Anyway, maybe I really should bring back my own art post because it's been a longtime still I blogged about art!
I personally feel that 'history painting' as a genre has a place in the 21st century. Unfortunately, examples like Richter's 'September' are few and far between, where an artist's ideas can inform and illustrate an event of importance. It can be argued that photography has superseded history painting as our preferred way of recording history.
Leave a Reply to Robert Horvat Cancel reply
MOST POPULAR NOW:
The Peacock, worshipped and revered around the world, and not just because he is a showoff.
Cinemas Greatest Scenes: The French Connection's Car Chase.
10 Best One-Word Song Titles.
Kate Bush is anything but cool.
A very short history of Merchants and Trade in Constantinople.
Cinemas Greatest Scenes: The Medusa sequence in Clash of the Titans (1981).
The Tale of Pomona and Vertumnus
Earlier this year, Toronto-based musician, Alex Southey released his third studio album And The Country Stirred. In so doing he has once more proven to be an astute songwriter who weaves stories of the human experience we can all relate to. More recently, Southey was at it again revealing to the world his new EP titled My Nights On The Island which evokes memories of a break-up from his past. There is nothing it seems that can slow down this prolific songwriter as he overwhelms our senses with six new tracks that play out like a cinematic soundtrack.
RECENTLY WATCHED:
The Duellists (1977) is Ridley Scott's feature directorial debut about two French officers whose fifteen year feud goes to extraordinary lengths where both men try to kill each other.
Genre(s): Historical-drama. Starring: Keith Carradine, Harvey Keitel, Albert Finney, Diana Quick. Director: Ridley Scott.
'Ghost Empire' by Richard Fidler.
'A brilliant reconstruction of the saga of power, glory, invasion and decay that is the one-thousand year story of Constaninople. A truly marvellous book.' – Simon Winchester.
©Copyright 2013-2021. Robert Horvat & Rearview Mirror. All rights reserved.
Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site's author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full & clear credit is given to Robert Horvat and Rearview Mirror with appropriate and specific direction to the original content.
The use of any trademark or copyrighted material, images or videos on this site is not intended to infringe copyright. We will always try to search for an appropriate creative commons license if available. But if you see anything on this website that has not been properly attributed to its creator please use the comment section on the offending post to register your complaint. In response, we will do our best to correct the attribution of the offending material or remove and/or replace it.


TO BOOK AN INSPECTION TIME PLEASE CONTACT (877) 653-1222 EXT 1. Inspections are available before the auction close, between 8am-3pm. Most items are Pre-crated. We will not Uncrate or open boxed products for assembly or testing. PICK-UP If you are planning on picking up your item(s) or arranging your own shipping, you must pay in advance. A pick-up time MUST be scheduled at least 24 hours in advance. Our warehouses are available Monday through Friday, 8AM to 3PM local time for pick-ups. Same day appointments are subject to a $50.00 fee, payable prior to booking. This applies if you call to make your appointment prior to showing up. However, if your pick-up hasn't been scheduled, and YOU SHOW UP AT THE WAREHOUSE FOR YOUR PRODUCT UNANNOUNCED, A $100.00 CHARGE WILL BE APPLIED TO YOUR INVOICE. That must be paid prior to your product being released to you. If you are sending an employee to pick-up, an "Authorization of Release" form will be required prior to booking your appointment. LOADING We assist with loading via forklift ONLY ! We do not provide any physical assistance with loading . You must bring appropriate equipment (trailers / trucks etc.) for removal of items. All loading is at our discretion. Most items are Prepacked for National Shipping. Any garbage left over (either on the ground or in our bins) will be charged at $50.00 fee. REMOVAL All items must be shipped or picked up within 10 calendar days. After that, there is a $10/item/day storage fee applied that must be paid prior to the product being released.


text:
Sounds of the Underground
PREMIERE: EAST YORK // Unleash New Single 'Circus'
Nov 25, 2020 / WORDS Chanel Issa / Sounds Of The Underground
East York are back, and they're ready to unleash all kinds of chaos with their new single Circus.
MORE: BRING ME THE HORIZON: The Tide Is Turning // KILLER BE KILLED: Reluctant Heroes // MR BUNGLE: Surprise! We're Death! REVIEWS: MR BUNGLE: The Raging Wrath of the Easter Bunny Demo // BRING ME THE HORIZON: POST HUMAN:SURVIVAL HORROR // ALPHA WOLF: a quiet place to die // iDKHOW: RAZZMATAZZ // LIKE MOTHS TO FLAMES: No Eternity In Gold // KILLER BE KILLED: Reluctant Hero // JINJER: Alive In Melbourne
With big riffs and an even bigger punch, it's sure to appeal to old school metal fans, with the band naming Pantera as one of their influences. It follows on from their debut single Outsiders, released just last month.
The release of Circus also comes with its official music video, the first ever for the band. It was completed only two days before Melbourne went into their three-month lockdown and does a killer job of bringing the tracks whimsical, booming energy to life.
In a statement, video director Cameron Zayec said, "The music video concept for Circus represents two different states that we often find ourselves in as humans. When we critique/judge someone or something, from a position of authority. We judge others often because we judge ourselves, therefore underneath the surface, there will always be some degree of pain. We can't be gentle and care for others. until we are truly gentle and care for ourselves."
East York features three Kiwis, Zane Rosanoski (drums) Tarquin Keys (vocals) Daz Coppins (guitar), and a Canadian, Eric Boucher (bass). They formed in Melbourne this year and by April had started to bring their ideas and music to life.
Keep your eyes peeled though, we're predicting a huge couple of months ahead for the quartet.
Both Circus and Outsiders are available to stream now.
FOR FANS OF: Pantera, Alice In Chains, Marilyn Manson


text:
\section{\label{sec:1}INTRODUCTION}

The emerging field of quantum computing and information processing using ultracold atoms prepared in specific quantum states and trapped in specifically patterned magnetic minima, has attracted a great interest over the last decade where magnetic micro-traps have been recently recognized to have more applicable accessibility to several degrees of freedom of their individual hosted quantum systems \cite{Ref_15}. Several micrometer-scale structures generating magnetic periodic potential have been proposed for such purpose as an alternative to optical lattices \cite{Ref_1}. It is possible to produce a lattice configuration by periodically introducing specific patterns on the surface of a magnetic material, where in such configuration they are known as magnetic lattices \cite{Ref_2,Ref_3,Ref_4,Ref_5,Ref_9}, in which they can be realized by manufacturing one-dimensional and two-dimensional periodically distributed magnetic minima. Such specifically engineered quantum devices are also classified as Atom Chips \cite{Ref_6,Ref_7,Ref_8}. Magnetic lattices can  also be created using current carrying wire, however a few technical difficulties have been encountered in relation to the integration of current-carrying wires onto the magnetic micro-traps. For example, current-produced near-field thermal noise reduces the number of trapped cold atoms. Also, the current density fluctuations lead to the fragmentation in the BEC cloud \cite{Ref_10,Ref_11}. These technical difficulties may be avoided by using optimized magnetic materials possessing high remanent magnetization and enabling highly stable trap frequencies through a tight magnetic confinement and reproducible periodic potentials \cite{Ref_12}. It may also offer a controllable phase transitions, possible manipulation and less demanding access to the quantum ensemble for measurement \cite{Ref_18}. Also, the ability of magnetic lattices to attain pronounced confinement and a proper control of single particles makes them excellent candidates to host large-scale qubit systems \cite{Ref_1,Ref_13,Ref_17,Ref_19}. In this article, we propose, a simple method to implement an asymmetric two-dimensional magnetic lattice, using the current micro-fabrication technologies, where we analyze the performance of the magnetic lattice for ultracold atoms confinement and trapping, with the aid of applying in situ external magnetic bias fields that are integrated on the atom chip. In section (\ref{sec:2}) we derive the analytical expressions which describe the magnetic minima distribution across the surface of the magnetic thin film. In section (\ref{sec:3}) we show the simulation procedure used to calculate the surface effective magnetic field and in section (\ref{sec:4}) we describe the relevant characteristic parameters that will be used to optimize the magnetic minima distribution and hence preparing suitable quantum states such as two-level systems. We conclude in section (\ref{sec:5}) by showing the possible application of this type of magnetic lattice.

\section{\label{sec:2}Magnetic Lattices Structure}

\begin{figure*}
\numberwithin{figure}{section}
\subfigure[][]{
\label{Fig1a}}
\subfigure[][]{
\label{Fig1b}}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig1c}}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig1d}}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig1e}}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig1f}}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig1g}}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig1h}}
\caption{\label{Fig1} (a) A $10 \times 10$ magnetic lattice surrounded by an unperturbed area. (b) The lattice parameters are specified by the hole size $\alpha_h \times \alpha_h$, the periodic spacing $\alpha_s$ between the holes and the magnetic layer thickness $\tau_{btm}$. (c) Magnetic density plot of the simulated magnetic lattice sites at $z-x$ plane along the center of the lattice. The traps (dark color) are located at the effective $z$-distance, $d_{min}$, from the holes opening centers of high magnetic field (bright color) above the film plane. (d-e) Magnetic field density plot across the $x-y$ plane at the $d_{min}$ with no external magnetic bias fields and with application of the external $B_{x-bias}$ = 10 G and $B_{y-bias}$ = 10 G magnetic bias fields, respectively. (f-g) Contour plot of distributed lattice sites across the $x-y$ plane without and with applications of $B_{x-bias}$ = 10 G and $B_{y-bias}$ = 10 G respectively. (h) 3D plot of the magnetic field (on the z-axis) of the distributed sites across the $x-y$ plane ($x$-axis and $y$-axis) simulated at the $d_{min}$ and displayed from the center sites to the edge sites where $B_{x-bias}$ = 10 G and $B_{y-bias}$ = 10 G were applied. Simulation input: $\alpha_s=\alpha_h$ = 1 $\mu m$ $M_z$ = 3 kG, $\tau_{btm}$ = 2 $\mu m$ and $\tau_{p-wall}$  = 1 $\mu m$.}
\end{figure*}

The proposed structure to generate the magnetic lattice based quantum device is realized by milling an $m\times m$ array of blocks, each block being an array of $n\times n$ square holes of size $\alpha_h$, separated by $\alpha_s$, where $n$ represents the number of holes in a block as detailed in Figures \ref{Fig1}(a-b). The gaps between the blocks containing no holes are assumed to be greater than, or equal in width to $\alpha_s$. The holes are formed, within a magneto-optic thin film of thickness $\tau_{btm}$ sputtered onto a proper substrate. The depths of all holes are equal and extend through the thin film thickness down to the substrate surface level. The gaps separating different blocks are an important design feature which enables the $n\times n$ magnetic lattices to be surrounded by an unperturbed film area, which introduces an extra degree of confinement through the creation of magnetic field "walls" encircling the $n\times n$ matrices, and isolating them from one another as shown in Figure \ref{Fig1}(h). The magnetic quantum device is in its remanently-magnetized state, where its magnetization, $M_z$, is directed in a direction perpendicular to the surface plane. Effective parameters, i.e., $\alpha_h$, $\alpha_s$ and $\tau_{btm}$ of the magnetic lattice for different values of $n$ are considered.

The structure generates two dimensional periodically distributed magnetic field minima in the vicinity of the surface of the perforated film where the distribution creates the magnetic lattice that used to trap the cold atoms. The presence of holes results in a magnetic field distribution whose non-zero local minima are located at effective z-distances from the holes opening centers above the film plane, denoted here by $d_{min}$. These minima are localized in small volumes representing the potential wells that contain certain number of quantized energy levels for the cold atoms to occupy. In our design, we  assumed that the size of the holes $\alpha_h$ and the holes separation $\alpha_s$ are both equal, $\alpha_h$ = $\alpha_s$ $\equiv$ $\alpha$, to simplify the mathematical derivation where we adopted an analysis approach similar to that reported in \cite{Ref_3,Ref_4}. The spatial magnetic field components $B_x$, $B_y$ and $B_z$ can be written analytically as a combination of a field decaying away
from the surface of the trap in the $z$-direction and a periodically distributed magnetic field in the $x-y$ plane produced only by  the magnetic induction, $B_o = \mu_oM_z/\pi$, at the surface of the permanently magnetized thin film. We define the surface reference magnetic field as $B_{ref} = B_o(1-e^{-\beta \tau})$, where $\beta = \pi/\alpha$, $\tau = \tau_{btm}$ is the film thickness, and the plane of symmetry is assumed at $z = 0$. Although our model takes into account the magnetic local minima created only by $B_o$ (similar to a flat magnetic mirror), we also include in the analysis the external magnetic bias field components along $x, y$ and $z$ directions, namely, $B_{x-bias}$, $B_{y-bias}$ and $B_{z-bias}$ which can also be localized by means of micro-fabrications. Figure \ref{Fig1}(d-e)-\ref{Fig1}(f-g) show the simulated map of the magnetic field strength distribution across the $x-y$ planes located at different distances above the magnetized film surface. Both the density plot and contour plot representation types are shown for both simulation results of a $10\times 10$ magnetic lattice at the initial magnetic state, formed by $B_{ref}$ only, and with the external application of $B_{x-bias}$ and $B_{y-bias}$, respectively.
The analytical expressions that describe the non-zero local minima, periodically positioned in the $x-y$ plan, take into account the strength of the effective field and $\alpha$  \cite{Ref_4}. These expression are derived and simplified to the following set of equations
\begin{widetext}
\begin{equation}
B_{x} = B_{o}\biggr(1-e^{-\beta\tau}\biggl)e^{-\beta[z-\tau]}sin(\beta x)-\frac{B_{o}}{3}\biggr(1-e^{-3\beta\tau}\biggl)\times e^{-3\beta[z-\tau]}sin(3\beta x)+\ldots+B_{x-bias}\label{eq:1}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
B_{y} = B_{o}\biggr(1-e^{-\beta\tau}\biggl)e^{-\beta[z-\tau]}sin(\beta y)-\frac{B_{o}}{3}\biggr(1-e^{-3\beta\tau}\biggl)e^{-3\beta[z-\tau]} \times sin(3\beta y)+\ldots+B_{y-bias} \label{eq:2}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
B_{z} = B_{o}\biggr(1-e^{-\beta\tau}\biggl)e^{-\beta[z-\tau]}\biggl[cos(\beta x)+cos(\beta y)\biggl]-\frac{B_{o}}{3}\biggr(1-e^{-3\beta\tau}\biggl)e^{-3\beta[z-\tau]}\biggl[cos(3\beta x)+cos(3\beta y)\biggl]+\ldots+B_{z-bias}\label{eq:3-1}
\end{equation}
\end{widetext}
The higher order terms in these equations, which describe the far field, can be neglected for distances that are large compared to the effective distance. This is because
only the cold atoms that are in the so called low magnetic field seeking-state (atom's magnetic moment to be oriented antiparallel
to the localized magnetic field in the trap) are attracted to the non-zero local minima of the magnetic traps located at the effective
$z$-distance from the film surface, which is larger than $\alpha/2\pi$ . Thus, Equations (\ref{eq:1}) to (\ref{eq:3-1}) are reduced to the followings
\begin{widetext}
\begin{eqnarray}
B_{x} & = & B_{o}\biggr(1-e^{-\beta\tau}\biggl)e^{-\beta[z-\tau]} sin(\beta x) + B_{x-bias}\label{eq:4}\\
B_{y} & = & B_{o}\biggr(1-e^{-\beta\tau}\biggl)e^{-\beta[z-\tau]} sin(\beta y)+ B_{y-bias}\label{eq:5}\\
B_{z} & = & B_{o}\biggr(1-e^{-\beta\tau}\biggl)e^{-\beta[z-\tau]} \biggl[cos(\beta x)+cos(\beta y)\biggr]+ B_{z-bias}\label{eq:6}
\end{eqnarray}
\end{widetext}
The magnitude $\textbf{B}$ of the magnetic field above the film surface can be written, using Equations (\ref{eq:4}) to (\ref{eq:6}), as

\begin{multline}
\textbf{B} =  \Biggl\{ B_{x-bias}^{2}+B_{y-bias}^{2}+B_{z-bias}^{2}\\
              + 2B_{o}^{2}\biggl(1-e^{-\beta\tau}\biggr)^{2}e^{-2\beta[z-\tau]}\biggl[cos(\beta x)cos(\beta y)\biggr]\\
              + 2B_{o}^{2}\biggl(1-e^{-\beta\tau}\biggr)e^{-\beta[z-\tau]}\Biggl(\biggl[B_{x-bias}+ B_{z-bias}\biggl]cos(\beta x)\\
              + \biggl[B_{y-bias}+B_{z-bias}\biggl]cos(\beta y)\Biggl)\Biggl\}^{1/2} \label{eq:7}
\end{multline}
\begin{figure*}
\numberwithin{figure}{section}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig2a}}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig2b}}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig2c}}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig2d}}
\caption{\label{Fig2}(a) The magnetic field minima $B^z_{min}$ along the $z$-axis at the effective $z$-distance, $d_{min}$, away from the surface of the thin film. (b) The field minima calculated along $z$-axis at the center and the edge lattice sites. (c) Magnetic field distribution simulated along the x-axis for a $20\times 20$ two-dimensional magnetic lattice.(d) Two magnetic quantum wells at the lattice edge along the $y$-axis separated by the magnetic tunneling barrier $\Delta B$ and have different values of magnetic non-zero local minima through tilted (magnetic) potential $\Delta V$.  Simulation input of the magnetic lattice characteristic parameters: $M_z$ = 3 kG and $\tau_{btm}$ = 2 $\mu m$ with no external bias fields applied. }
\end{figure*}
The simulation result of numerical calculations for a finite magnetic lattice are shown in Figure \ref{Fig2}. Figure \ref{Fig2}(a) shows the location of the magnetic field non-zero local minima along the $z$-axis, $B^z_{min}$, at the effective distance ,$d_{min}$, from the hole opening center and confined along $z$-axis by a magnetic barrier of magnitude  $\Delta B_z$. The results shown in Figure \ref{Fig2}(b) demonstrate the existence of non-zero local minima of the magnetic field at the effective $z$-distance along the $x$-axis, confirming the suitability of the structure proposed for trapping the atoms being in the low magnetic field seeking state. The intra-block magnetic lattices consist of tunneling barriers separating the trapping sites where each magnetic quantum well characterized by the non-zero local minima and differs from each other by amount of tilted potential $\Delta V$ as shown in Figure \ref{Fig2}(d).  The unperturbed film area, around the $n\times n$ hole-matrix block, produces magnetic walls that localize and magnetically decouple the individual blocks from each other, as illustrated in Figure \ref{Fig2}(c). This allows individual quantum-state addressing for each $n\times n$ magnetic lattice separately, where different quantum features can be investigated, such as quantum multi-particle (multipartite) long-range entanglement  and strong correlations \cite{Ref_19}, the large scale lattice spacing in our magnetic trap is suitable for single atoms detection \cite{Ref_14}. It is also possible to vary the individual tunneling barrier heights by applying an external magnetic field in the negative $z$-direction. The numerical calculations in Figure \ref{Fig3}(c-d) show the effect of applying small external $B_{z-bias}$ magnetic fields on the tunneling barrier across the lattice sites. The z-bias field is possible to be applied uniformly from outside the vacuum system of the BEC experiment. It is also possible in case of large $\alpha_s$ to  control the tunneling barriers in situ through micro-coils surrounding each hole.
Table (\ref{Table1}) summarize the important parameters used in simulating the proposed magnetic lattice-based quantum device, where $\tau_{btm}$,
$\tau_{wall}$ represent the bottom layer and the wall thickness of the two dimensional magnetic lattice, respectively. Table (\ref{Table2}) shows
the output of the two-dimensional magnetic lattice characteristic parameters describing the suitability of using the quantum device to provide a longer lifetime for the trapped ultracold atoms to process quantum information.

\begin{table*}
\caption{Simulation parameters used to produce the non-zero local minima $B_{min}$with
their effective distances $d_{min}$. The magnetic walls are
 produced by the condition $\tau_{wall}\geqslant\tau_{btm}$.}
\begin{ruledtabular}
\begin{tabular}{cccccccc}
Simulation parameters & $m\times m$ & $n\times n$ & $M_{z}$ & $\tau_{btm}$ & $\tau_{wall}$ & $\alpha_{h}$ & $\alpha_{s}$\tabularnewline
\hline
Input values & $1\times1$ & $11\times 11$ & 2 kG &  2 $\mu m$ & 1 $\mu m$ & 1 $\mu m$ & 1 $\mu m$\tabularnewline
\end{tabular}
\end{ruledtabular}
\label{Table1}
\end{table*}
\begin{table*}
\caption{Characteristic parameters describe the suitability of the magnetic
lattice to host the cold atoms. The magnetic walls are produced by
the condition $\tau_{wall}\geqslant\tau_{btm}$. Edge site is denoted by $B_{min}^{A}$, while $B_{min}^{B}$ denotes center site.}
\begin{ruledtabular}
\begin{tabular}{cccccc}
Magnetic lattice parameters & $B_{x-bias}$ & $B_{min}^{A}$ & $B_{min}^{B}$ & $d_{min}^{A}$ & $d_{min}^{B}$\tabularnewline
\hline
Simulation output & 0 G & 0.37 G & 0.5 G & 0.8451 $\mu m$ & 0.718 $\mu m$\tabularnewline

 & 2 G & 2.03 G & 2.1 G & 0.8451 $\mu m$ & 0.717 $\mu m$\tabularnewline
\end{tabular}
\end{ruledtabular}
\label{Table2}
\end{table*}
\begin{figure*}
\numberwithin{figure}{section}
\subfigure[][]{
\label{Fig3a}}
\subfigure[][]{
\label{Fig3b}}
\subfigure[][]{
\label{Fig3c}}
\subfigure[][]{
\label{Fig3d}}
\caption{\label{Fig3} (a) The effect of changing the size of the holes, $\alpha_h$, on the location of the magnetic field local minima along the $z$-axis, $B^z_{min}$ located at $d_{min}$ above the hole opening center at the surface of the thin film, and (b) the effect of changing the periodicity length, $\alpha_s$, across the $x-y$ plane. (c) Simulation result of variating the tunneling barrier heights $\Delta B_x$ through change in the $z$-axis magnetization, $M_z$ by applying external  $B_{z-bias}$ magnetic field in the negative z-direction, and (d) $B_{z-bias}$ effect on the gradient of the magnetic sites near the local minima along the $z$-axis . The thin film thickness: $\tau_{btm}$ = 2 $\mu m$ is used in all cases.}
\end{figure*}

\section{\label{sec:3} Simulation of the surface magnetic field of the magnetic lattices}
 To simulate the magnetic lattices, field-producing volumes are represented by symmetrical segments, where each segment is subdivided into a suitable number of smaller objects for accurate computation. Uniform magnetization $M_{z}$ is assumed to exist within each segment of the total volume of the $n\times n$ magnetic lattices, which produces the magnetic field distribution in the space surrounding the structure. Mutual interactions between the segmented volumes are accounted for, and all relevant data are stored in a relatively large matrix. The simulation is carried out through the relaxation procedure by first loading the material properties, the magnetization $M_{z}$, the layer thickness $\tau=\tau_{btm}$, and the structure geometry which is done by specifying the values of $\alpha_{h}$, $\alpha_{s}$, and $n$. The external surface  magnetic field is then calculated at different points in the space around the surface of the magnetized thin film. The computed fields at the non-zero local minima then provide accurate estimates for the depths of the potential wells and their locations at the effective $z$-distance. The numerical results are calculated using the package RADIA \cite{Ref_16}.

We simulate the important effects of changing the structure dimensions on the magnetic lattice characteristic parameters, in particular the location of the non-zero local minima, $d_{min}$, from the surface of the thin film, their sizes and the curvature of the magnetic field across each individual magnetic potential well that forms a lattice site. The gradient of the magnetic field can be controlled via change in $\alpha_h$, also shallow or steeper magnetic potential wells can be realized when choosing the suitable dimensions of $\alpha_s$ and $\alpha_h$. Figure (\ref{Fig3}) summarize the simulation results of changing the hole size $\alpha_h$, the length of the periodicity $\alpha_s$ and applications of the external magnetic bias field along the negative direction of the $z$-axis, $B_{-z-bias}$, and their effects on the relevant characteristic parameters including the height of the tunneling magnetic barrier $\Delta B$ and the amount of the potential tilt $\Delta V$ between two adjacent sites of the magnetic lattice.

\begin{figure*}
\numberwithin{figure}{section}
\subfigure[][]{
\label{Fig4a}}
\numberwithin{figure}{section}
\subfigure[][]{
\label{Fig4b}}
\subfigure[][]{
\label{Fig4c}}
\subfigure[][]{
\label{Fig4d}}
\caption{\label{Fig4}(a-d) Size of the magnetic potential wells along the $x$-axis for different sizes of holes. The simulation is carried out using the initial conditions $M_z$ = 2 kG, $\tau_{btm}$ = 2 $\mu m$ and with no external bias fields applied  for the different values  $\alpha_h=\alpha_s$ = 1 $\mu m$, 3 $\mu m$, 5 $\mu m$ and 7 $\mu m$.}
\end{figure*}

\section{\label{sec:4} Characteristic Parameters of the Asymmetrical Two-Dimensional Magnetic Lattice}
The initialization setup of the magnetic lattice, using only the magnetic induction at the surface of the permanently magnetized thin film in the $z$ direction, leads to a symmetrical distribution of the potential wells in the $x-y$ plane. We simulate this effect by applying the constrains $B_{x-bias}=B_{y-bias}=B_{z-bias}=0$ and $B_{o}\approx \mu_{o}M_{z}/\pi$, where the dominant factor is the surface reference magnetic field
$B_{ref}$ . Applying the above constrains, Equation (\ref{eq:7}) reduces to
\begin{equation}
\textbf{B}=B_{ref}e^{-\beta[z-\tau]}\sqrt{2cos(\beta x)cos(\beta y)}\label{eq:8}
\end{equation}

The asymmetric distribution of the non-zero local minima is periodically spaced, and the magnetic field minima, $B_{min}$, located at points defined by the coordinates ($x_{min},y_{min},d_{min}$), where $d_{min}$ determine the effective $z$-distances of $x-y$ plane that contains the distributed lattice sites. Mainly the parameters $B_{min}$ and $d_{min}$, determine the life time of the trapped cold atoms which make it critical to locate the $d_{min}$ and choose the suitable value of $B_{min}$ when micro-fabricating the quantum device. The minima locations, along the $x$, $y$ and $z$-axis, respectively, can be written as

\begin{eqnarray}
x_{min} & = & n_{x}\alpha,\qquad\qquad\qquad n_{x}=0,\pm1,\pm2,\cdots\label{eq:9}\\
y_{min} & = & n_{y}\alpha(n_{x}),\qquad\qquad n_{y}=0,\pm2,\pm4,\cdots\label{eq:10}\\
d_{min} & \approx & \frac{\alpha}{\pi}ln\Biggl(B_{ref}+\frac{1}{B_{z-bias}}\Biggr)\label{eq:11}
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{figure*}
\numberwithin{figure}{section}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig5a}}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig5b}}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig5c}}
\numberwithin{figure}{section}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig5d}}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig5e}}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig5f}}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig5g}}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig5h}}
\caption{\label{Fig5}(a) Schematic diagrams of the conditions positive wall, $\tau_{p-wall}> \tau_{btm}$. (b) Density plot representation of the simulation results of applying the condition $\tau_{p-wall}$ = 0.5 $\mu m$ ($\tau_{p-wall}> \tau_{btm}$) on the 9 $\times$ 9 magnetic lattice which causes reductions in the tilting magnetic potential between the lattice sites. (c) Comparing the magnetic minima locations between the center site and the edge site along the $z$-axis. (d) A $100 \times 100$ magnetic lattice simulation using the $\tau_{p-wall}$ = 1 $\mu m$ constrain. Random distribution of the sites appears at the edges of the magnetic lattice. (e) Schematic representation of the condition negative walls, $\tau_{n-wall}< \tau_{btm}$, where (f) the density plot representation shows the effect of the condition $\tau_{n-wall}$ = -0.5 $\mu m$ on the locations of the sites along the $z$-axis which are spaced by the tilting potential. (h) For large magnetic lattice the effect disappears from the center sites while robustly appears at the edges. As simulation parameters we used $M_z$ = 2.8 kG, $\tau_{btm}$ = 3 $\mu m$ and no external bias fields has been applied. $\alpha_h = \alpha_s$ = 7 $\mu m$ and $\alpha_h = \alpha_s$ = 10 $\mu m$ is used for large lattice size, i.e., $n=100$.}
\end{figure*}
\begin{table*}
\label{Table3}
\caption{Simulation results show the effect of changing the periodicity $\alpha_s$ of a $11\times 11$ asymmetric two-dimensional magnetic lattice prepared initially at the reference magnetic field $B_{ref}$ and no external magnetic bias fields are applied.}
\begin{ruledtabular}
\begin{tabular}{cccccccc}
$M_{z}(kG)$ & $\alpha_{h}(\mu m)$ & $\alpha_{s}(\mu m)$ & $B_{min}^{center}(G)$ & $d_{min}^{center}(\mu m)$ & $B_{min}^{edge}(G)$ & $d_{min}^{edge}(\mu m)$ & $\tau_{wall}$ $condition$\tabularnewline
\hline
\hline
$3.8$ & $0.5$ & $0.5$ & $0.3$ & $0.2516$ & $0.91$ & $0.2909$ & $\tau_{se-wall}$\tabularnewline
\hline
$2.0$ & $0.5$ & $1.5$ & $1.5273$ & $0.448$ & $3.218$ & $0.4878$ & $\tau_{se-wall}$\tabularnewline
\hline
$2.0$ & $1$ & $1$ & $0.5$ & $0.669$ & $0.6$ & $0.7467$ & $\tau_{se-wall}$\tabularnewline
\hline
$2.0$ & $1$ & $2$ & $2.15$ & $0.811$ & $2.802$ & $0.947$ & $\tau_{p-wall}$\tabularnewline
\end{tabular}
\end{ruledtabular}
\end{table*}
\begin{figure*}
\numberwithin{figure}{section}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig6a}}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig6b}}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig6c}}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig6d}}
\caption{\label{Fig6}The effect of applying the $B_{x-bias}$ field on the magnetic tunneling barrier $\Delta B_x$, $\Delta B_z$ and the non-zero magnetic local minima $B^x_{min}$ (a) along  $x$-axis and (b) along $z$-axis for different values of $B_{x-bias}$. (c) Results of applying external bias field $B_{+z-bias}$ along $z$-axis, and (d) the effect of applying $B_{-z-bias}$ on the magnetic tunneling barriers between the lattice sites, where the magnetic lattice is biased by $B_{x-biased}$ = 10 G. Simulation input: $\alpha_s=\alpha_h$ = 10 $\mu m$ $M_z$ = 2.80 kG, $\tau_{btm}$ = 2 $\mu m$ and $\tau_{p-wall}$  = 1 $\mu m$.}
\end{figure*}

As a result, each individual harmonic potential well is localized at its coordinate ($x_{min},y_{min},d_{min}$) and confined by magnetic barriers $\Delta\textbf{B}_{trap}$ where the barriers' heights can
be estimated to be

\begin{equation}
\Delta\textbf{B}_{trap}^{i}=|\textbf{B}_{max}^{i}|-|\textbf{B}_{min}^{i}|,\qquad i=x,y,z\label{eq:12}
\end{equation}

The magnetic fields around the local minima have gradients in which they are symmetrically distributed across the $x-y$ plane. These curvatures, along the $x$ and $y$ axes, are given by

\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\partial^{2}\textbf{B}}{\partial x^{2}} &=& \Biggl(-\beta^{2}B_{ref}^{2}cos(\beta x) \nonumber \\
 & \times & \Biggl[\textbf{B}^{2}cos(\beta x)+B_{ref}cos(\beta x)sin^{2}(\beta x)\Biggl]\Biggr)/{\textbf{B}^{3}}  \nonumber \\ \label{eq:13}
\frac{\partial^{2}\textbf{B}}{\partial y^{2}} &=&  \Biggr(-\beta^{2}B_{ref}^{2}cos(\beta y)\nonumber \\
 & \times & \Biggl[\textbf{B}^{2}cos(\beta y)+B_{ref}cos(\beta x)sin^{2}(\beta y)\Biggl]\Biggr)/{\textbf{B}^{3}} \nonumber \\ \label{eq:14}
\end{eqnarray}

Due to the $x-y$ symmetry, we find that at the centers of the traps, the following holds true

\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial^{2}\textbf{B}}{\partial x^{2}}=\frac{\partial^{2}\textbf{B}}{\partial y^{2}}\label{eq:15}
\end{equation}

During the trapping process, before atoms reach the lowest magnetic field location at the bottom of traps, they undergo transverse oscillations.
The transverse oscillation frequency $\nu_{x,y}$ depends on the Zeeman sub-levels and the curvature of the magnetic field, and it can be expressed as

\begin{equation}
\nu_{k}=\frac{\beta}{2\pi}\sqrt{\mu_{B}g_{F}m_{F}\frac{\partial^{2}B_{k}}{\partial k^{2}}}\qquad\qquad\qquad k=x,y\label{eq:16}
\end{equation}

Where $g_{F}$ is the Land$\acute{e}$  g-factor, $\mu_{B}$ is Bohr magneton, $F$ is the atomic hyperfine state with the magnetic quantum number
$m_{F}$. The non-zero local minima values determine the depth of the harmonic potential wells, where the depth $\Lambda_{depth}$ of an individual
potential well can be expressed as folows

\begin{alignat}{1}
\Lambda_{depth}(\textbf{x}) & =\frac{\mu_{B}g_{F}m_{F}}{K_{B}}\Delta\textbf{B}_{trap}(\textbf{x})\nonumber \\
 & =\frac{\mu_{B}g_{F}m_{F}}{K_{B}}\Biggl(|B_{trap}^{max}(\textbf{x})|-|B_{trap}^{min}(\textbf{x})|\Biggl), \nonumber \\
\label{eq:17-1}
\end{alignat}

Where $\textbf{x} \equiv (x,y,z)$, $K_{B}$ is the Boltzmann constant, $B_{trap}^{max}$ and $B_{trap}^{min}$ are the maxima and minima values of the magnetic field barriers. Increasing the periodicity length, $\alpha_{s}$, between the holes increases the value of the non-zero local minima by several Gauss above the Majorana spin-flip critical minima. Our model shows suitable values for $\alpha_{s}$ that positively influence the cold atoms life time, where large values of $\alpha_s$ causes the magnetic minima to occur away from the surface, thereby reducing the interaction with the surface. The effect of changing the periodicity $\alpha_s$, can be used to locate suitable effective distances which keep the cold atoms away from the Casimir-Polder interacting limits when they are trapped near the surface of two-dimensional magnetic lattices, as shown in Figure \ref{Fig3}(a-b).

The gradient of the trapping magnetic field at each individual potential well is of particular importance when loading the ultracold atoms into the magnetic lattice. Lattice sites with a steeper gradient of their magnetic potentials maintain a suitable environment with increased chances for the destructive thermal Majorana spin-flip to exist. Consequently, the loss of ultracold atoms is more likely to occur due to the spin-flip process which causes an increase in their temperature. In this situation the in situ radio frequency (RF) evaporative cooling is effectively reducing the number of the re-thermalized (hot) atoms and hence enhance the phase space density of the compressed MOT to reach the point of BEC transition. On the other hand, steep gradients increase the chances of having single-atom per lattice site.  Moreover, the holes opening centers may reduce the effect of the surface Casimir-Polder interaction when using larger values of $\alpha_h$. Simulation results of various dimensions of  $\alpha_h$ and $\alpha_s$, for a magnetic lattice prepared at initial setup are shown in Figure (\ref{Fig4}).

\begin{figure*}
\numberwithin{figure}{section}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig7a}}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig7b}}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig7c}}
\subfigure[]{
\label{Fig7d}}
\caption{\label{Fig7}(a) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and (b) Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) images of the fabricated two-dimensional magnetic lattice. (c) The external magnetic field measured using the Magnetic Force Microscope (MFM) in which it agrees with the simulation result in (d) of the insitu biased two-dimensional magnetic lattice. Simulation and experimental inputs: $\alpha_s=\alpha_h$ = a0 $\mu m$ $M_z$ $\approx $ 2.80 kG, $\tau_{btm}$ = 1 $\mu m$ and $\tau_{p-wall}$  = 1 $\mu m$.}
\end{figure*}

 Our simulation results show that the unperturbed film area, of thickness $\tau_{wall}$, surrounding the $n\times n$ matrix affect the bottom of most of the potential minima at the center of the magnetic lattice. The effect of $\tau_{wall}$ (magnetic walls effect) on the magnetic lattice sites, introduces pronounce changes in the value of $B_{min}$ and $d_{min}$ at the edge and center lattice sites. To describe the effect of the magnetic walls on some of the characteristic lattice parameters, such as the magnetic tunneling barrier heights, $\Delta B$, and the effective distance, $d_{min}$, we simulate the trapping magnetic field above the surface of the magnetic lattice with different values of $\tau_{wall}$. Considering three values for $\tau_{wall}$ with respect to the bottom layer thickness $\tau_{btm}$, the terms positive wall, negative wall and surface-equal wall are introduced to denote the conditions $\tau_{p-wall}$, $\tau_{n-wall}$ and $\tau_{se-wall}$,  respectively.

We summarize the two conditions positive wall, $\tau_{p-wall}$, and negative wall, $\tau_{n-wall}$, based on the number $n$ of the lattice sites, as follow. Applying the configuration $\tau_{p-wall}$ results in an unperturbed area with thickness that is larger than the thickness of the bottom layer of the magnetic lattice $\tau_{p-wall} \equiv\tau_{wall}>\tau_{btm}$, as shown in Figure \ref{Fig5}(a). For small values of $n$, the $\tau_{p-wall}$ acts as insitu magnetic bias field sources which surround the $n\times n$ magnetic lattice. Thus, $\tau_{p-wall}$ configuration with proper dimensions may replace the external magnetic bias fields sources created using current carrying wires in the BEC experiment. The effect of $\tau_{p-wall}$ appears as reduction in the amount of the tilting magnetic potential between sites, as shown in Figure \ref{Fig5}(b). Figure \ref{Fig5}(c) shows the locations of two different magnetic minima along $z$-axis at the center and the edge of the magnetic lattice where it is clear the $\tau_{p-wall}$ configuration reduces the spacial difference between sites.
For a large magnetic lattice, i.e., $n\rightarrow 100$, the $\tau_{p-wall}$ has no effect on the magnetic tunneling barriers and the spacial separations between sites at the center of the magnetic lattice. However, the edge sites are randomly distributed along the $z$-axis as shown in Figure \ref{Fig5}(d). It is also noticed that the $B_{min}$ of the center sites are close to zero and their $d_{min}$s are relatively small but still far from the surface.

When applying the condition $\tau_{n-wall}\equiv\tau_{wall}<\tau_{btm}$, the lattice sites are well spaced on the $z-x,z-y$ planes as shown in Figure \ref{Fig5}(e-f). Each $m$ pair of lattice sites around the center site have equal $B_{min}$, which led us to realize the existence of different magnetic bands surrounding the center site. We denote the effect by the magnetic band gap structure in a similar way to the energy band gap structure in semiconductor devices which can be used to simulate interesting problems in condensed matter physics using trapped ultracold atoms, e.g., ultracold fermions \cite{Ref_18}. Figure \ref{Fig5}(g), shows the locations of two different sites, i.e., $B_{min}$, along the $z$-axis at the center and the edge of the magnetic lattice. The pronounce spacial separation creates the magnetic band gap structure  in our proposed asymmetrical magnetic lattice.
The center of large magnetic lattice is also not affected in the case of $\tau_{n-wall}$ where center sites have $B_{min}$s close to zero while the edge sites maintain robust tilting magnetic potentials. Figure \ref{Fig5}(h) shows the simulation result of applying the condition $\tau_{n-wall}$ on a large magnetic lattice with $n$ = 100 sites.

An asymmetrical magnetic lattice set initially at the reference magnetic field, $B_{ref}$, with no application of external bias fields, regardless of existence of the wall constrain, creates magnetic confinement with $B_{min}$ close to zero. This situation can be avoided by changing the periodicity between the lattice sites, i.e., changing the value of the separating period $\alpha_s$ between holes to be larger than the hole size  $\alpha_h$. In Table (\ref{Table3}) we summarize the simulation results of using different values for the hole size, i.e., $\alpha_h$ = 0.5 $\mu m$, 1 $\mu m$ and different values for the separating period, $\alpha_s$ = 0.5 $\mu m$, 1 $\mu m$, 1.5 $\mu m$, and 2 $\mu m$.

Another method of letting $B_{min} \ne $ 0 G, is to apply external magnetic bias fields which is commonly used in the area of magnetic micro-trapping of cold atoms. Figure \ref{Fig6} shows the effect of applying different magnetic bias fields where we simulate the case of $\alpha_h$ = $\alpha_s$ = 10 $\mu m$. For the tunneling process of the cold atoms to be effective periodicity with a relatively small value is desirable. A detailed analysis of achieving an optimal two-dimensional magnetic lattice, using this new method, will be reported elsewhere.

We fabricate the quantum device by milling the $n\times n$ hole structure using Focused Ion Beam (FIB) on the surface of magnetic thin film. Figure \ref{Fig7}(a-b) show 2D image and 3D image of the structure created by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), respectively. The the external magnetic field of the asymmetrical magnetic lattice is measured using Magnetic Force Microscope (MFM), where the structure is biased insitu along the $x$-axis. Figure \ref{Fig7}(c-d) show the 3D image of the measured field and 3D plot of the simulation result, respectively. The experimental results will be reported elsewhere.

\section{\label{sec:5} Conclusion}

We have proposed a new method to create an asymmetric two-dimensional magnetic lattice suitable for trapping and confining ultracold atoms and quantum degenerate gases prepared in the low magnetic field seeking-state. The proposed remanent magnetic structure can be fabricated by milling an $m\times m$ array of blocks, where each block is an array of $n\times n$ square holes. Simulation results have shown that it is possible to optimize the two-dimensional magnetic lattice, i.e., to achieve symmetrical distribution of the lattice sites, via the application of external magnetic bias fields as well as by applying the suitable magnetic walls constrain. The many block feature will allow individual addressing for different quantum states which led us to coin the notion of multi-core quantum processors as will be reported elsewhere.
We have also realized the possibility of creating discrete magnetic levels using the asymmetrical characteristic in the distributed magnetic field in which we have denoted the discretization effect by the magnetic band gap structure on atom chip similar to the energy band gap structure in semiconductor devices. This will allow, using the ultracold quantum degenerate gases, simulating condensed matter environment in which many interesting problems can be investigated such as exciton formation, Josephson effect and long-range entanglement.

The spacing between the lattice sites is suitable for single atom trapping and detection where well spaced single atoms can be trapped at each site.
It is of a particular importance to highlight the simplicity of the method introduced in this article for achieving a two-dimensional magnetic lattice as it also suits the current state of the art technologies. We have shown that applying the external bias fields in the negative $z$-direction controls the tunneling process of cold atoms between sites as well as the in-site transitions. Thus, quantum information processing, such as multipartite entanglement, is also possible using such type of magnetic lattices.

\section{Acknowledge}
We would like to thank James Wang from Centre for Atom Optics and Ultrafast Spectroscopy at Swinburne University in Melbourne, for his help in measuring the surface magnetic field using the Magnetic Force Microscope.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Find out what's new in Film & Media Studies
Avant-Garde Film
Avant-Garde Film & Video
Sort By Author A-Z
The Operetta Empire: Music Theater in Early Twentieth-Century Vienna
by Micaela Baranello (Author)
Hardcover $65.00, £55.00|
eBook $65.00, £55.00
The San Francisco Tape Music Center: 1960s Counterculture and the Avant-Garde
by David Bernstein (Editor)
Inside the Drama-House: Rama Stories and Shadow Puppets in South India
by Stuart Blackburn (Author)
Drag: A British History
by Jacob Bloomfield (Author)
Figures Traced in Light: On Cinematic Staging
by David Bordwell (Author)
Brecht at the Opera
by Joy H. Calico (Author)
Shadow of a Mouse: Performance, Belief, and World-Making in Animation
by Donald Crafton (Author)
The Works of John Dryden, Volume IX: Plays: The Indian Emperour, Secret Love, Sir Martin Mar-all
by John Dryden (Author), John Loftis (Editor), Vinton A. Dearing (Editor)
The Works of John Dryden, Volume VIII: Plays: The Wild Gallant, The Rival Ladies, The Indian Queen
by John Dryden (Author), John H. Smith (Editor), Dougald MacMillan (Editor), Vinton A. Dearing (Editor)
The Works of John Dryden, Volume X: Plays: The Tempest, Tyrannick Love, An Evening's Love
by John Dryden (Author), Maximillian E. Nozak (Editor), George R. Guffey (Editor)


Now, for some, the idea of a juice bar might immediately conjure an image of a super judgmental health nut owner who is out to tell you everything you're doing wrong in your life. Nothing could be further from reality at Roots. Meet Jenn, the owner of Roots Raw Juice Bar Sanford FL and tender of all things nutritious. Her self-stated mission is to help her guests make good decisions for their bodies, even in a society overwhelmed by a backwards perspective on food. Jenn strives to provide accessible good nutrition in the most simple, down-to-earth way possible, which isn't surprising given her own health journey.
Jenn grew up with some solid values when it came to food. "Growing up, we always ate at home. My dad was a farmer, and we had fresh everything," she said, from produce, to eggs and milk. Her upbringing was a far cry from the land of processed food most kids grow up in today. But as she approached her young adulthood, it became clear that this sort of food mentality is pretty tough to avoid, even for a farmer's daughter.
For Jenn, that meant living cleaner. She stopped smoking and began cutting out processed sugar and other ingredients. "Sugar is a worse addiction than nicotine, believe it or not," she said. "And most people don't even realize they're addicted. Nicotine leaves the body in only three days." She went on to point out that it's mentality that keeps people dependent on sugary, corn syrupy substances, and other things that hurt your health.
So after years of research and looking after her own nutrition, Jenn is bringing her passion for health to Sanford. At Roots, she provides a bevy of organic and locally sourced ingredients, the equipment, and know-how to help anyone come in and make smarter choices for their body without skimping on taste. As soon as you walk into the clean, bright space, it's clear that Jenn runs a no frills, no gimmicks operation. Everything is about the goodness.
So let's talk about the juice! Jenn offers a plethora of tried-and-true juice combinations on her menu, with lively names like "Sunburst" and "Spicy Lemonade". Each juice and smoothie is designed to taste yummy while providing most of the day's vitamins and nutrients. But don't be afraid if you want to add or subtract ingredients! All of Roots' delectable, responsibly sourced produce is available for the taking. Jenn's passion for only the best fruits and vegetables leads the way at Roots, so all of the produce at Roots is all as local as possible, and almost all of it is organic.
Wait a second, what's the difference between a juice and a smoothie, you ask? The juices at Roots are made in a centrifugal juicer that separates the pulp from the juice, whereas smoothies are made in a blender, leaving in all of the fiber and texture.
But why stop at the fruits and veggies when you can add fun extras like coconut oil, spirulina, and (my personal favorite!) chia? Roots carries a slew of different nutrient rich ingredients to beef up your "cocktail" for $1 each. Jenn says her current favorite juice is "Go Bananas", a tasty mix of banana, raw cacao, and hemp protein that will fill you up and keep you energized.
The whole concept of Roots is centered on doing nice things for your body that just make you feel good. So what if you want your juice to help you with something specific? Roots has you covered. Here are Jenn's recommendations of ingredients you can put to work!
For clarity, try chia. These little seeds of joy promote brain health via omega-3 and have a unique "jelly" texture when they hit liquid, adding extra excitement to your juice.
For digestion, add some hemp seed to your juice. Hemp is super high in fiber and is one of nature's more easily digestible proteins, making it a great way to give your digestive system a jumpstart.
For morning sickness, try a little ginger. This spicy root messes with serotonin receptors, putting a stop to nausea. It also pairs great with almost anything, so expectant moms can mix and match whatever they feel like.
For hydration, give the Green Juice a go. This emerald colored juice is packed with cucumbers, kale, and apple, which all help you stay hydrated while tasting way more interesting than your average glass of water.
For your skin, go for blueberries. These juicy little berries do a great job of reducing oil production and promoting circulatory health, which is a perfect recipe for helping you get that glow!
And of course, being a 20-something and living in a town with great bars, I had to ask Jenn what she would prescribe for hangovers! Her pick for a hangover cure has an awesome name: "Beet Me Up Scottie". It's a combination of beets, apples, lemons, ginger (remember what we said about reducing nausea?), and Sanford's own star veggie, celery! "Beet root juice not only cleanses the liver but also helps detoxify alcohol toxicity. Celery also has a lot of calcium, which helps calm the central nervous system," she said.
Once you've decided to embark on your new healthy lifestyle, schedule it with Jenn. Two days prior to your cleanse, you'll want to get a head start by avoiding meat, alcohol, and caffeine and begin chowing down on lots of raw, veggie based meals.
Jenn will whip up six cold pressed juices and a wheat grass elixir for you. Let her know at the time of ordering if there are any ingredients you would like to add or eliminate from the juices.
Sip your juice over the next 24 hours, and get excited about the positive changes you'll experience in your body. Jenn says to try one day, and if you love how you feel, then try a second day. She'll help find just the right balance for you, and as she says, it's all about baby steps!
It might sound a bit daunting at first, but anyone who has done a Roots cleanse will tell you that it is well worth it. If you don't believe me, ask Paul Williams of the West End Trading Company, who is the only man in Sanford to complete a full five day cleanse to date. Congrats, Paul!
And now for perhaps the most invigorating shot you'll ever take, Roots offers pressed wheatgrass! This little wonder contains the full roster of essential amino acids, and a full day's worth of vitamins in a single tiny cup. It helps to break down toxins in your body, and unlike most shots, this one will make you feel good, even through the following day. I tried wheatgrass for the first time at Roots, and I absolutely love the taste. It's bright, fresh, and slightly sweet. Order up a round of shots for your friends and chase with the chilled coconut water Jenn keeps stocked in her fridge.
Keep an eye out for new items; Jenn says she hopes to begin introducing her food items, such as soups and raw wraps in the very near future!
I think Jenn's thirst for knowledge and delicious juices make a great addition to Sanford Ave, and I'm thrilled that we have such a great resource right here in Downtown Sanford. Her mantra is to keep things simple, and what better example than sipping an organic, locally made juice while getting to know the woman who made it? So take a jaunt down to Roots, introduce yourself to Jenn, and indulge in a little "daytime drinking". Your body will thank you for it!
And pssssst…Don't forget to bring the Roots coupon on your Sanford365 app! Available for iPhone and Android.
Roots Raw Juice Bar is located at 516 Sanford Ave. She is open Mon-Fri, 8am-5pm, and Saturday from 10am-4pm.
*I received compensation in exchange for writing this review. Although this post is sponsored, all opinions are my own.
Boxelder's Ultimate Gift Giving Guide: Quick, Affordable and FUN!
Sanford's Just D.A.N.C.E School of Arts Brings you Alice in Wonderland II, Christmas Recital.
Do you sell coconut water?If so what are your prices?


Old Gateway, Rievaux Abbey in Helmsley, Yorkshire.
bl.uk > Online Gallery Home	> Online exhibitions	> Early photographically illustrated books	> Old Gateway, Rievaux Abbey in Helmsley, Yorkshire.
Excerpt from "Rievaux Abbey", in 'Ruined Abbeys and Castles of Great Britain' by William and Mary Howitt.


This june 2017 we have had the pleasure to present Entropia in Shanghai, in China, for the very first time. Asia Premiere!
We performed 25 times between June 13th and June 20th, and left the piece as a contemplative ongoing installation until July 12th.
The whole project was quite amazing for us. The technical team made a great effort, worked hard, and everything happened without almost a problem. A full dome was built on the top floor of a new building made by Ruihong Tindi that also welcome art galleries & restaurants.
We thanks the audience who came in number to the shows. It was actually sold out from the first one to the last one. What an experience. I look forward to come back to China.