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text:
#pragma once

#include "routing/base/astar_graph.hpp"

#include "routing/fake_feature_ids.hpp"
#include "routing/index_graph_starter.hpp"
#include "routing/joint_segment.hpp"
#include "routing/segment.hpp"

#include "geometry/point2d.hpp"

#include "base/assert.hpp"

#include <algorithm>
#include <limits>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <vector>

#include "boost/optional.hpp"

namespace routing
{
template <typename Graph>
class IndexGraphStarterJoints : public AStarGraph<JointSegment, JointEdge, RouteWeight>
{
public:

  explicit IndexGraphStarterJoints(Graph & graph) : m_graph(graph) {}
  IndexGraphStarterJoints(Graph & graph,
                          Segment const & startSegment,
                          Segment const & endSegment);

  IndexGraphStarterJoints(Graph & graph,
                          Segment const & startSegment);

  void Init(Segment const & startSegment, Segment const & endSegment);

  JointSegment const & GetStartJoint() const { return m_startJoint; }
  JointSegment const & GetFinishJoint() const { return m_endJoint; }
  m2::PointD const & GetPoint(JointSegment const & jointSegment, bool start);

  // AStarGraph overridings
  // @{
  RouteWeight HeuristicCostEstimate(JointSegment const & from, JointSegment const & to) override;

  void GetOutgoingEdgesList(JointSegment const & vertex, std::vector<JointEdge> & edges) override
  {
    GetEdgeList(vertex, true /* isOutgoing */, edges);
  }

  void GetIngoingEdgesList(JointSegment const & vertex, std::vector<JointEdge> & edges) override
  {
    GetEdgeList(vertex, false /* isOutgoing */, edges);
  }
  // @}

  WorldGraphMode GetMode() const { return m_graph.GetMode(); }

  /// \brief Reconstructs JointSegment by segment after building the route.
  std::vector<Segment> ReconstructJoint(JointSegment const & joint);

  void Reset();

  // Can not check segment for fake or not with segment.IsRealSegment(), because all segments
  // have got fake m_numMwmId during mwm generation.
  bool IsRealSegment(Segment const & segment) const
  {
    return segment.GetFeatureId() != FakeFeatureIds::kIndexGraphStarterId;
  }

  Segment const & GetSegmentOfFakeJoint(JointSegment const & joint, bool start);

  ~IndexGraphStarterJoints() override = default;

private:
  static auto constexpr kInvalidId = JointSegment::kInvalidId;
  static auto constexpr kInvisibleEndId = kInvalidId - 1;
  static auto constexpr kInvisibleStartId = kInvalidId - 2;

  struct FakeJointSegment
  {
    FakeJointSegment() = default;
    FakeJointSegment(Segment const & start, Segment const & end)
      : m_start(start), m_end(end) {}

    Segment const & GetSegment(bool start) const
    {
      return start ? m_start : m_end;
    }

    Segment m_start;
    Segment m_end;
  };

  void AddFakeJoints(Segment const & segment, bool isOutgoing, std::vector<JointEdge> & edges);

  void GetEdgeList(JointSegment const & vertex, bool isOutgoing, std::vector<JointEdge> & edges);

  JointSegment CreateFakeJoint(Segment const & from, Segment const & to);

  bool IsJoint(Segment const & segment, bool fromStart) const
  {
    return m_graph.IsJoint(segment, fromStart);
  }

  bool FillEdgesAndParentsWeights(JointSegment const & vertex,
                                  bool isOutgoing,
                                  size_t & firstFakeId,
                                  std::vector<JointEdge> & edges,
                                  std::vector<Weight> & parentWeights);

  boost::optional<Segment> GetParentSegment(JointSegment const & vertex,
                                            bool isOutgoing,
                                            std::vector<JointEdge> & edges);

  /// \brief Makes BFS from |startSegment| in direction |fromStart| and find the closest segments
  /// which end RoadPoints are joints. Thus we build fake joint segments graph.
  std::vector<JointEdge> FindFirstJoints(Segment const & startSegment, bool fromStart);

  JointSegment CreateInvisibleJoint(Segment const & segment, bool start);

  bool IsInvisible(JointSegment const & jointSegment) const
  {
    static_assert(kInvisibleStartId < kInvisibleEndId && kInvisibleEndId != kInvalidId,
                  "FakeID's are crossing in JointSegment.");

    return jointSegment.GetStartSegmentId() == jointSegment.GetEndSegmentId() &&
           (jointSegment.GetStartSegmentId() == kInvisibleStartId ||
           jointSegment.GetStartSegmentId() == kInvisibleEndId) &&
           jointSegment.GetStartSegmentId() != kInvalidId;
  }

  // For GetEdgeList from segments.
  Graph & m_graph;

  // Fake start and end joints.
  JointSegment m_startJoint;
  JointSegment m_endJoint;

  Segment m_startSegment;
  Segment m_endSegment;

  m2::PointD m_startPoint;
  m2::PointD m_endPoint;

  // See comments in |GetEdgeList()| about |m_savedWeight|.
  std::map<JointSegment, Weight> m_savedWeight;

  // JointSegment consists of two segments of one feature.
  // FakeJointSegment consists of two segments of different features.
  // So we create an invalid JointSegment (see |ToFake()| method), that
  // converts to FakeJointSegments. This std::map is converter.
  std::map<JointSegment, FakeJointSegment> m_fakeJointSegments;
  std::map<JointSegment, std::vector<Segment>> m_reconstructedFakeJoints;

  // List of JointEdges that are outgoing from start.
  std::vector<JointEdge> m_startOutEdges;
  // List of incoming to finish.
  std::vector<JointEdge> m_endOutEdges;

  uint32_t m_fakeId = 0;
  bool m_init = false;
};

template <typename Graph>
IndexGraphStarterJoints<Graph>::IndexGraphStarterJoints(Graph & graph,
                                                        Segment const & startSegment,
                                                        Segment const & endSegment)
  : m_graph(graph), m_startSegment(startSegment), m_endSegment(endSegment)
{
  Init(m_startSegment, m_endSegment);
}

template <typename Graph>
IndexGraphStarterJoints<Graph>::IndexGraphStarterJoints(Graph & graph,
                                                        Segment const & startSegment)
  : m_graph(graph), m_startSegment(startSegment), m_endSegment(Segment())
{
  Init(m_startSegment, m_endSegment);
}

template <typename Graph>
void IndexGraphStarterJoints<Graph>::Init(Segment const & startSegment, Segment const & endSegment)
{
  m_startSegment = startSegment;
  m_endSegment = endSegment;

  m_startPoint = m_graph.GetPoint(m_startSegment, true /* front */);
  m_endPoint = m_graph.GetPoint(m_endSegment, true /* front */);

  if (IsRealSegment(startSegment))
    m_startJoint = CreateInvisibleJoint(startSegment, true /* start */);
  else
    m_startJoint = CreateFakeJoint(m_graph.GetStartSegment(), m_graph.GetStartSegment());

  if (IsRealSegment(endSegment))
    m_endJoint = CreateInvisibleJoint(endSegment, false /* start */);
  else
    m_endJoint = CreateFakeJoint(m_graph.GetFinishSegment(), m_graph.GetFinishSegment());

  m_reconstructedFakeJoints[m_startJoint] = {m_startSegment};
  m_reconstructedFakeJoints[m_endJoint] = {m_endSegment};

  m_startOutEdges = FindFirstJoints(startSegment, true /* fromStart */);
  m_endOutEdges = FindFirstJoints(endSegment, false /* fromStart */);

  m_savedWeight[m_endJoint] = Weight(0.0);
  for (auto const & edge : m_endOutEdges)
    m_savedWeight[edge.GetTarget()] = edge.GetWeight();

  m_init = true;
}

template <typename Graph>
RouteWeight IndexGraphStarterJoints<Graph>::HeuristicCostEstimate(JointSegment const & from, JointSegment const & to)
{
  Segment const & fromSegment =
    from.IsFake() || IsInvisible(from) ? m_fakeJointSegments[from].GetSegment(false /* start */)
                                       : from.GetSegment(false /* start */);

  Segment const & toSegment =
    to.IsFake() || IsInvisible(to) ? m_fakeJointSegments[to].GetSegment(false /* start */)
                                   : to.GetSegment(false /* start */);

  ASSERT(toSegment == m_startSegment || toSegment == m_endSegment, ("Invariant violated."));

  return toSegment == m_startSegment ? m_graph.HeuristicCostEstimate(fromSegment, m_startPoint)
                                     : m_graph.HeuristicCostEstimate(fromSegment, m_endPoint);
}

template <typename Graph>
m2::PointD const &
IndexGraphStarterJoints<Graph>::GetPoint(JointSegment const & jointSegment, bool start)
{
  Segment segment = jointSegment.IsFake() ? m_fakeJointSegments[jointSegment].GetSegment(start)
                                          : jointSegment.GetSegment(start);

  return m_graph.GetPoint(segment, jointSegment.IsForward());
}

template <typename Graph>
std::vector<Segment> IndexGraphStarterJoints<Graph>::ReconstructJoint(JointSegment const & joint)
{
  // We have invisible JointSegments, which are come from start to start or end to end.
  // They need just for generic algorithm working. So we skip such objects.
  if (IsInvisible(joint))
    return {};

  // In case of a fake vertex we return its prebuilt path.
  if (joint.IsFake())
  {
    auto const it = m_reconstructedFakeJoints.find(joint);
    CHECK(it != m_reconstructedFakeJoints.cend(), ("Can not find such fake joint"));

    return it->second;
  }

  // Otherwise just reconstruct segment consequently.
  std::vector<Segment> subpath;

  Segment currentSegment = joint.GetSegment(true /* start */);
  Segment lastSegment = joint.GetSegment(false /* start */);

  bool const forward = currentSegment.GetSegmentIdx() < lastSegment.GetSegmentIdx();
  while (currentSegment != lastSegment)
  {
    subpath.emplace_back(currentSegment);
    currentSegment.Next(forward);
  }

  subpath.emplace_back(lastSegment);
  return subpath;
}

template <typename Graph>
void IndexGraphStarterJoints<Graph>::AddFakeJoints(Segment const & segment, bool isOutgoing,
                                                   std::vector<JointEdge> & edges)
{
  // If |isOutgoing| is true, we need real segments, that are real parts
  // of fake joints, entered to finish and vice versa.
  std::vector<JointEdge> const & endings = isOutgoing ? m_endOutEdges : m_startOutEdges;

  bool const opposite = !isOutgoing;
  for (auto const & edge : endings)
  {
    // The one end of FakeJointSegment is start/finish and the opposite end is real segment.
    // So we check, whether |segment| is equal to the real segment of FakeJointSegment.
    // If yes, that means, that we can go from |segment| to start/finish.
    Segment const & firstSegment = m_fakeJointSegments[edge.GetTarget()].GetSegment(!opposite /* start */);
    if (firstSegment == segment)
    {
      edges.emplace_back(edge);
      return;
    }
  }
}

template <typename Graph>
Segment const & IndexGraphStarterJoints<Graph>::GetSegmentOfFakeJoint(JointSegment const & joint, bool start)
{
  auto const it = m_fakeJointSegments.find(joint);
  CHECK(it != m_fakeJointSegments.cend(), ("No such fake joint:", joint, "in JointStarter."));

  return (it->second).GetSegment(start);
}

template <typename Graph>
boost::optional<Segment> IndexGraphStarterJoints<Graph>::GetParentSegment(JointSegment const & vertex,
                                                                          bool isOutgoing,
                                                                          std::vector<JointEdge> & edges)
{
  boost::optional<Segment> parentSegment;
  bool const opposite = !isOutgoing;
  if (vertex.IsFake())
  {
    CHECK(m_fakeJointSegments.find(vertex) != m_fakeJointSegments.end(),
          ("No such fake joint:", vertex, "in JointStarter."));

    FakeJointSegment fakeJointSegment = m_fakeJointSegments[vertex];

    auto const & startSegment = isOutgoing ? m_startSegment : m_endSegment;
    auto const & endSegment = isOutgoing ? m_endSegment : m_startSegment;
    auto const & endJoint = isOutgoing ? GetFinishJoint() : GetStartJoint();

    // This is case when we can build route from start to finish without real segment, only fake.
    // It happens when start and finish are close to each other.
    // If we want A* stop, we should add |endJoint| to its queue, then A* will see the vertex: |endJoint|
    // where it has already been and stop working.
    if (fakeJointSegment.GetSegment(opposite /* start */) == endSegment)
    {
      if (isOutgoing)
      {
        static auto constexpr kZeroWeight = RouteWeight(0.0);
        edges.emplace_back(endJoint, kZeroWeight);
      }
      else
      {
        auto const it = m_savedWeight.find(vertex);
        CHECK(it != m_savedWeight.cend(), ("Can not find weight for:", vertex));

        Weight const & weight = it->second;
        edges.emplace_back(endJoint, weight);
      }
      return {};
    }

    CHECK(fakeJointSegment.GetSegment(!opposite /* start */) == startSegment, ());
    parentSegment = fakeJointSegment.GetSegment(opposite /* start */);
  }
  else
  {
    parentSegment = vertex.GetSegment(opposite /* start */);
  }

  return parentSegment;
}

template <typename Graph>
bool IndexGraphStarterJoints<Graph>::FillEdgesAndParentsWeights(JointSegment const & vertex,
                                                                bool isOutgoing,
                                                                size_t & firstFakeId,
                                                                std::vector<JointEdge> & edges,
                                                                std::vector<Weight> & parentWeights)
{
  // Case of fake start or finish joints.
  // Note: startJoint and finishJoint are just loops
  //       from start to start or end to end vertex.
  if (vertex == GetStartJoint())
  {
    edges.insert(edges.end(), m_startOutEdges.begin(), m_startOutEdges.end());
    parentWeights.insert(parentWeights.end(), edges.size(), Weight(0.0));
    firstFakeId = edges.size();
  }
  else if (vertex == GetFinishJoint())
  {
    edges.insert(edges.end(), m_endOutEdges.begin(), m_endOutEdges.end());
    // If vertex is FinishJoint, parentWeight is equal to zero, because the first vertex is zero-weight loop.
    parentWeights.insert(parentWeights.end(), edges.size(), Weight(0.0));
  }
  else
  {
    auto const optional = GetParentSegment(vertex, isOutgoing, edges);
    if (!optional)
      return false;

    Segment parentSegment = optional.value();

    std::vector<JointEdge> jointEdges;
    m_graph.GetEdgeList(parentSegment, isOutgoing, jointEdges, parentWeights);
    edges.insert(edges.end(), jointEdges.begin(), jointEdges.end());

    firstFakeId = edges.size();
    bool const opposite = !isOutgoing;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < jointEdges.size(); ++i)
    {
      size_t prevSize = edges.size();
      AddFakeJoints(jointEdges[i].GetTarget().GetSegment(!opposite /* start */), isOutgoing, edges);
      // If we add fake edge, we should add new parentWeight as "child[i] -> parent".
      // Because fake edge and current edge (jointEdges[i]) have the same first
      // segments (differ only the ends), so we add to |parentWeights| the same
      // value: parentWeights[i].
      if (edges.size() != prevSize)
      {
        CHECK_LESS(i, parentWeights.size(), ());
        parentWeights.emplace_back(parentWeights[i]);
      }
    }
  }

  return true;
}

template <typename Graph>
void IndexGraphStarterJoints<Graph>::GetEdgeList(JointSegment const & vertex, bool isOutgoing,
                                                 std::vector<JointEdge> & edges)
{
  CHECK(m_init, ("IndexGraphStarterJoints was not initialized."));

  edges.clear();

  // This vector needs for backward A* search. Assume, we have parent and child_1, child_2.
  // In this case we will save next weights:
  // 1) from child_1 to parent.
  // 2) from child_2 to parent.
  // That needs for correct edges weights calculation.
  std::vector<Weight> parentWeights;

  size_t firstFakeId = 0;
  if (!FillEdgesAndParentsWeights(vertex, isOutgoing, firstFakeId, edges, parentWeights))
    return;

  if (!isOutgoing)
  {
    // |parentSegment| is parent-vertex from which we search children.
    // For correct weight calculation we should get weight of JointSegment, that
    // ends in |parentSegment| and add |parentWeight[i]| to the saved value.
    auto const it = m_savedWeight.find(vertex);
    CHECK(it != m_savedWeight.cend(), ("Can not find weight for:", vertex));

    Weight const & weight = it->second;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < edges.size(); ++i)
    {
      // Saving weight of current edges for returning in the next iterations.
      m_savedWeight[edges[i].GetTarget()] = edges[i].GetWeight();
      // For parent JointSegment we know its weight without last segment, because for each child
      // it will differ (child_1 => parent != child_2 => parent), but (!) we save this weight in
      // |parentWeights[]|. So the weight of an ith edge is a cached "weight of parent JointSegment" +
      // "parentWeight[i]".
      CHECK_LESS(i, parentWeights.size(), ());
      edges[i].GetWeight() = weight + parentWeights[i];
    }

    // Delete useless weight of parent JointSegment.
    m_savedWeight.erase(it);
  }
  else
  {
    // This needs for correct weights calculation of FakeJointSegments during forward A* search.
    for (size_t i = firstFakeId; i < edges.size(); ++i)
      edges[i].GetWeight() += parentWeights[i];
  }
}

template <typename Graph>
JointSegment IndexGraphStarterJoints<Graph>::CreateFakeJoint(Segment const & from, Segment const & to)
{
  JointSegment jointSegment;
  jointSegment.ToFake(m_fakeId++);

  FakeJointSegment fakeJointSegment(from, to);
  m_fakeJointSegments[jointSegment] = fakeJointSegment;

  return jointSegment;
}

template <typename Graph>
std::vector<JointEdge> IndexGraphStarterJoints<Graph>::FindFirstJoints(Segment const & startSegment,
                                                                       bool fromStart)
{
  Segment const & endSegment = fromStart ? m_endSegment : m_startSegment;

  std::queue<Segment> queue;
  queue.emplace(startSegment);

  std::map<Segment, Segment> parent;
  std::map<Segment, RouteWeight> weight;
  std::vector<JointEdge> result;

  auto const reconstructPath = [&parent, &startSegment, &endSegment](Segment current, bool forward)
  {
    std::vector<Segment> path;
    // In case we can go from start to finish without joint (e.g. start and finish at
    // the same long feature), we don't add the last segment to path for correctness
    // reconstruction of the route. Otherwise last segment will repeat twice.
    if (current != endSegment)
      path.emplace_back(current);

    if (current == startSegment)
      return path;

    Segment parentSegment;
    do
    {
      parentSegment = parent[current];
      path.emplace_back(parentSegment);
      current = parentSegment;
    } while (parentSegment != startSegment);

    if (forward)
      std::reverse(path.begin(), path.end());

    return path;
  };

  auto const addFake = [&](Segment const & segment, Segment const & beforeConvert)
  {
    JointSegment fakeJoint;
    fakeJoint = fromStart ? CreateFakeJoint(startSegment, segment) :
                            CreateFakeJoint(segment, startSegment);
    result.emplace_back(fakeJoint, weight[beforeConvert]);

    std::vector<Segment> path = reconstructPath(beforeConvert, fromStart);
    m_reconstructedFakeJoints[fakeJoint] = path;
  };

  auto const isEndOfSegment = [&](Segment const & fake, Segment const & segment)
  {
    CHECK(!IsRealSegment(fake), ());

    auto const fakeEnd = m_graph.GetPoint(fake, fake.IsForward());
    auto const realEnd = m_graph.GetPoint(segment, segment.IsForward());

    static auto constexpr kEps = 1e-5;
    return base::AlmostEqualAbs(fakeEnd, realEnd, kEps);
  };

  while (!queue.empty())
  {
    Segment segment = queue.front();
    queue.pop();
    Segment beforeConvert = segment;
    // Either the segment is fake and it can be converted to real one with |Joint| end (RoadPoint),
    // or it's the real one and its end (RoadPoint) is |Joint|.
    if (((!IsRealSegment(segment) && m_graph.ConvertToReal(segment) &&
          isEndOfSegment(beforeConvert, segment)) || IsRealSegment(beforeConvert)) &&
        IsJoint(segment, fromStart))
    {
      addFake(segment, beforeConvert);
      continue;
    }

    if (beforeConvert == endSegment)
    {
      addFake(segment, beforeConvert);
      continue;
    }

    std::vector<SegmentEdge> edges;
    m_graph.GetEdgesList(beforeConvert, fromStart, edges);
    for (auto const & edge : edges)
    {
      Segment child = edge.GetTarget();
      auto const & newWeight = weight[beforeConvert] + edge.GetWeight();
      if (weight.find(child) == weight.end() || weight[child] > newWeight)
      {
        parent[child] = beforeConvert;
        weight[child] = newWeight;
        queue.push(child);
      }
    }
  }

  return result;
}

template <typename Graph>
JointSegment IndexGraphStarterJoints<Graph>::CreateInvisibleJoint(Segment const & segment, bool start)
{
  JointSegment result;
  result.ToFake(start ? kInvisibleStartId : kInvisibleEndId);
  m_fakeJointSegments[result] = FakeJointSegment(segment, segment);

  return result;
}

template <typename Graph>
void IndexGraphStarterJoints<Graph>::Reset()
{
  m_startJoint = JointSegment();
  m_endJoint = JointSegment();
  m_startSegment = Segment();
  m_endSegment = Segment();
  m_savedWeight.clear();
  m_fakeJointSegments.clear();
  m_reconstructedFakeJoints.clear();
  m_startOutEdges.clear();
  m_endOutEdges.clear();
  m_fakeId = 0;
  m_init = false;
}
}  // namespace routing

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


In case you missed it, David Draiman and Benjamin Burnley stopped by Kayla Riley's show on Octane (Ch. 37) to announce some pretty big news this morning: Disturbed and Breaking Benjamin are hitting the road together this summer along with Alter Bridge and Saint Asonia!
To celebrate the joint tour — which hits 25 cities in North America, including St. Louis, Detroit, Toronto, D.C. New York City and Houston — the two frontmen took over the channel for an hour with David playing his favorite Breaking Benjamin songs and Ben playing his favorite Disturbed songs as well as both of their favorite Alter Bridge and Saint Asonia tracks.
Additionally, Draiman and Burnley thanked Octane listeners for their support throughout the years for not only their respective bands but for the genre as a whole.
You can hear the whole thing again on Octane on 2/9 at noon and 6 pm ET; 2/10 at 11 am and 9 pm ET; 2/11 at 3 pm ET; 2/12 at 8 pm ET; and 2/13 at 2 pm ET. It is also available on-demand via the SiriusXM app.
For a sneak peak of what to expect on the tour, check out David and Ben performing a cover of the Queen/David Bowie classic Under Pressure together at last week's Breaking Benjamin concert in New York City.


The mission of the Children First Fund is to promote the growth and success of Chicago Public Schools through philanthropy and partnerships. We serve as a knowledge hub and liaison between CPS and its community of partners, including businesses, foundations, and individuals. By matching resources provided by external donors and partners with the students, schools, and staff that need them most, CFF maximizes the impact of CPS' partnerships and advances the CPS Vision.


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Bulgaria moves switch off date
The parliamentary communications policy committee in Bulgaria has announced that analogue TV licences will continue to be awarded until the end of 2008, or 12 months longer than had previously been planned. At the same time, it has also decided that the analogue switch off date in the country will be brought forward by three years to 2012. Separately, the Bulgarian incumbent telco BTC has announced that its ADSL subscriber total has now reached 100,000. The company is understood to have no plans as yet to launch an IPTV service. (CD)
Filed Under: Central & East Europe, Newsline Edited: 23 February 2007 07:14

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Artwerk
Actors/ActressesHolidayMusiciansPoliticians/NotablesSports
Roy Clark Caricature
Roy Clark Caricature, shown here in 1963, age 30 with his Gibson Byrdland Thinline Hollowbody Guitar (named for Billy Byrd and Hank Garland for whom Gibson originally custom built the guitar).
Clark was an American singer and musician, best known for have hosting the nationally televised country variety show "Hee Haw". His most memorable hit song was "Yesterday, When I Was Young".
His father taught him to play guitar when Roy was 14 years old, and soon he was playing banjo and mandolin as well.
Clark won the National Banjo Championship in 1947 and 1948, At 17, he made his first appearance on the Grand Ole Opry for having won his second national banjo title. By this time, he had begun to play fiddle and twelve-string guitar.
On weekends, he usually teamed up with country music superstars like Red Foley or Ernest Tubb and played large venues in big cities. Rising country music star Jimmy Dean asked Clark to join his band, the Texas Wildcats, in 1954.
Dean, who valued punctuality among musicians in his band, fired Clark for habitual tardiness in 1957.
He signed with Capitol Records and in 1962 released his first solo album, The Lightning Fingers of Roy Clark. The album won solid critical praise, and "above-average" notice from fans.
In 1969, Clark and Buck Owens were the hosts of syndicated sketch comedy program "Hee Haw", which aired from 1969 until 1997 and propelled Clark to stardom.
By the early 1970s, Clark was the highest-paid country music star in the United States, earning $7 million ($44,100,000 in 2017 dollars) a year.
He became a member of the Grand Ole Opry in 1987, and, in 2009, was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame.
Clark was an important and influential figure in country music, both as a performer and helping to popularize the genre and his instrumental skill had an enormous effect on generations of bluegrass and country musicians.
Roy Clark was probably one of the most underated lead guitar players in the history of country music and other genres.
Clark died on November 15, 2018, at 85 at his Tulsa home due to complications of pneumonia.
Print Size Choose an option32" x 40" Stretched Canvas Prints $49511" x 14" Watercolor Print $9516" x 20" Watercolor Print $175 Clear
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Archival Conservation Mat is included with your purchase. Mat is a high quality, 4 ply (1/16″) surround mat. These frame mats are acid-free & Lignin-free made with 100% virgin alpha-cellulose surface, core and backing papers. So your caricature with mat will fit into a standard comparable frame either "20" x 24″ or "16" x 20″ depending on the print size, (frame not included). Price also includes a Backer Board.
32″ x 40″ stretch canvas print is produced by Giclee printing process and are hand stretched over heavy duty American made white pine. The canvas print is varnished twice after printing. The canvas prints are ready to hang (complete with hanging wire).
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A recent Harvard Business Review report discusses the benefits of getting employees to "collide". According to their data, the idea is that creating collisions and chance encounters and unplanned interactions between knowledge workers, both inside and outside the organisation—improves performance. If you have ever been to a Coworking space before you may have noticed this first hand. Unlike a typical office, coworkers are generally individual entrepreneurs or freelancers from various backgrounds but when put together in a common space begin to form connections and relationships that otherwise may not have occurred.
In other words it's no longer about age or location, it's about the changing landscape of employment fuelled by new remote working technology and the rise of a new generation of Coworking spaces.


This gorgeous skin is by Glam Affair as a part of this round of Kustom9. There are pale tones as well as the darker ones. They have a very dreamy look almost like something that stepped right out of a fairytale.
The hair is a new release from Dura ^.^ There's a small shaved patch to the side that gives it some edge, while the fringe softens it around the face and draws attention to the eyes.
The dress is by Sassy! It's available at Perfect Wardrobe in this soft pink or a pale blue. It's mesh with flexi attatchments that give it some lovely movement.


This base is a demonstration program providing a similar open ecological environment for giant pandas in Sichuan Province. Today it breeds some 20 giant pandas, lesser pandas, black-necked cranes, white cranes and other rare animals. The base consists of the Scientific Research Building,Open Research Laboratory, Veterinary Hospital, animal houses and playing ground of giant pandas, Giant Panda Museum, Comprehensive Service Department and other facilities. In it the bamboos and woods are green, flowers are in full blossom and birds are singing everywhere.
With natural scenes and artificial spots, it provides a nice environment for giant pandas and other rare wild animals to live. Up to now, the base has bred 48 baby giant pandas in 32 births. Of them 28 have survived. Also the base has fulfilled more than 50 related scientific research projects and won more than 30 prizes. In addition, the base has been selected as one of 500 Best in the World by the United Nations Environment Programme and received the gold prize of China Green Science and Technology.


In today's economic situation, one thing is assured. The world is trying to ditch the United States buck as the get money as well as maintaining your money in CDs and also money market accounts is straight forward unsafe.
For years savers as well as investors discovered it risk-free to keep their loan parked with their financial institutions however the current near absolutely no rates of interest and also volatility of the U.S. dollar are warranted reasons that urge more folks to discover far better financial investment techniques for their money.
That's why lots of capitalists start trying to find financial investments which stay up to date with inflation (real estate, gold/silver, products, and also particular international currencies as well as stocks.).
If Property investing has been on your mind however aren't sure where to spend, exactly how to locate the very best bargains or just how to effectively examine one, you might wish to discover the chance of a passive way to invest in a Syndicated Property Fund.
A realty distribute is merely a team of investors that merge their cash to purchase real estate. By pooling their loan together these investors are able to acquire larger property residential or commercial properties with or without bank funding. This technique of property investing has actually been a preferred technique of financing the acquisition as well as sale of commercial residential properties such as shopping centers, office complex as well as stockrooms.
Exclusive Real Estate organizations increase funds with an exclusive positioning which is a security – an ownership passion in a company that has and operates financial investment realty. Unlike the REITs (Property Investment Trusts), these investment automobiles are not openly traded as well as are not valued to market each day. While REITs may have high reward returns their openly traded shares are subject to a significant degree of price volatility, an occasion less likely to occur with exclusive syndicated funds.
Among the most common danger is that the underlying investment is property, as a result these investments may be less fluid than shares in a REIT; when time comes the fund may be not able to offer the real property at a high enough cost to produce the anticipated earnings; or outside variables such as a more wear and tear of the economic situation might negate the worth included through rehabilitation work.
After that, there is that uncertainty of unanticipated future expenses, tax obligations, and also liability, all of which being regular realty problems that seasoned capitalists are familiar with. My recommendation is that you extensively examine the threats directly from the private placement memorandum.
Syndicated property funds are very carefully crafted by using the expertise of lawyers, accountants, specialists, investment bankers, home loan lenders, as well as real estate brokers. They are structured in type of a partnership agreement or limited responsibility business (LLC), whose code of principles needs complete disclosure of all material realities.
To further determine whether this type of financial investment is for you, you'll wish to discover the experience and accomplishments of all directors as well as managers, the minimum needed investment, the time-frame of your financial investment, and the prospective annual return and resources gains on your loan.
What I discovered attracting is the reality that a person can invest in a private real estate distribute by using his pension (IRA). A self-directed IRA is a special crossbreed tool that uses a self-directed IRA custodian as well as a specific legal framework. Investments made with a self-directed Individual Retirement Account may grow untaxed given the earnings created is passive earnings.


I think this is a piece from the soundtrack of a visual novel, rearranged to center on electric guitar. (The things you find through rhythm games…) I find it nice for brisk walking.
German punk song about being opposed to society's materialism.
…this is…like…my new favorite thing.
I'll help take your mind off it, but I'm not gonna lie the person who made the law & order thing, it was a genius move on their part for making it.


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Mitchell Lake Audubon Center
Trail Closures
Nature Gift Shop
Grassland Restoration
Birding & Tours
Student Tours & Programs
Birding San Antonio
Migratory Bird Fest
Center Events
Beginner Bird Walk
8:00am - 10:00am Central San Antonio, Texas
10750 Pleasanton Road, San Antonio, 78221, TX
Check-in at the ticket window.
April 22, 2023 - San Antonio, TX
You will be taken to a third-party website to purchase your ticket.
There's no better place for learning how to bird. At Mitchell Lake Audubon Center, we host 300+ birds annually on our 1,200-acre sanctuary which includes four diverse habitats for our wildlife: wetlands, woodlands, brushlands and grasslands.
Join us every fourth Saturday for Bird Tours designed for the beginning birder. Travelling by foot, your guide will go over birding identification and the proper use of binoculars. This is a family-friendly program best for ages 5+. Advanced birders are also welcome to attend.
Cost is $10 for non-members, FREE for members.
Guided Bird Tour
Sunday, April 23, 2023 at 8:00am Central
Sunday, May 7, 2023 at 8:00am Central
Sunday, May 14, 2023 at 8:00am Central
Support Our Center
Conservation and outdoor education in south San Antonio.
Enjoy free admission, discounts in our nature store, and free and discounted programs.
Get periodic updates on our programs, events, and initiatives.
Our email newsletter shares the latest programs and initiatives.
Our mission is to connect people to nature through conservation and community education focused on birds and their habitats. 10750 Pleasanton Road San Antonio, TX 78221
National Audubon Society Legal Notices Privacy Policy Contact National Audubon


Salt King are proudly show-cased in our store. All of our products are made with excellent crafting style, hence, Salt King products are well-known to the vaping community in Kuwait. Order now on VaporSouq.com to get your favorite one from our rich collection of Salt King delivered to anywhere in Kuwait.


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Israelis, Pittsburghers to unite in upcoming marathon
April 29, 2015, 7:53 pm 0 Edit
First-graders at Community Day School enjoy Skyping with Israeli runners. (Photo provided by Community Day School)
After an overseas flight, what better way to relax than run 26.2 miles in a hilly foreign city? On May 3, 10 Israeli runners from Karmiel and the Misgav region will be doing just that. The group, along with mayors from Karmiel and Misgav, are traveling to Pittsburgh to participate in the upcoming 2015 Dick's Sporting Goods Pittsburgh Marathon.
The idea of bringing Israelis to Pittsburgh to run is the brainchild of Skip Grinberg with Partnership2Gether. Grinberg, former chair of both the marathon and Partnership2Gether (a sister-city partnership between the Pittsburgh Jewish community and Karmiel/Misgav), recognized the opportunity several years ago.
In 2013, representatives from Naucalpan, Pittsburgh's sister city in Mexico, traveled to Pittsburgh to participate in the marathon. The venture facilitated "goodwill" between the cities, explained Grinberg.
"It was such a great experience for us," echoed marathon CEO Patrice Mata-
moros. "We wanted to expand that."
While the marathon organizers wished to explore additional foreign relationships, Partnership2Gether had been entertaining proposals for connecting members of Karmiel and Misgav with the Pittsburgh Jewish community, said Cindy Goodman-Lieb, co-chair of the program. Recognizing the desires of both groups, Grinberg brought together representatives from each organization.
After the parties signed on, feelers were put out in Israel. Ultimately, runners conversant in English and possessing "a decent marathon time" were selected.
While Grinberg described the runners' upcoming visit as "a goodwill trip," other initiatives are underway.
On Friday, Karmiel Mayor Adi Eldar and Misgav Pittsburgh Mayor Ron Shani will meet with Mayor Bill Peduto and County Executive Rich Fitzgerald, noted Matamoros and Grinberg. The four civic leaders will participate in a news conference at the opening of the marathon's Expo. The Israeli mayors are also scheduled to meet with local business leaders.
Connecting all of the Israeli visitors to Pittsburgh is a principal aim of Partnership2Gether. An itinerary is being developed with various opportunities for the Israelis to learn about the Pittsburgh Jewish community, explained Goodman-Lieb. Dr. Jennifer Rudin, a member of the marathon's board of directors, will also guide the Israelis on a running tour of Pittsburgh. This should provide participants a chance to "shake their legs out before race day," explained Matamoros.
Members of the community have been preparing for the delegation's arrival. Leora Friedman, first grade teacher at Community Day School, had her students communicate with the runners via Skype.
While the project has increased students' literacy and perspectives, Friedman is familiar with the experience. For the past two years, Friedman has orchestrated a pen pal program between her students and elite African runners. Through letters, the students have learned what the runners like to eat, how many run barefoot and what life is like in Africa. As an added treat, many of the runners have visited Friedman's classroom prior to running in the marathon.
"We've had Kenyans, Burundians and mainly Ethiopians," explained Friedman.
On Marathon day, Friedman and her students will travel to the corner of Wilkins and Fifth avenues to cheer the runners, holding homemade signs of encouragement. While this spot, near the 14 mile mark, has previously served as the Community Day School Cheering Zone, representatives of the Jewish Federation of Greater Pittsburgh will stand alongside Friedman and her students to support the Israeli runners.
"We want people to come out and cheer," said Debbie Swartz, overseas planning associate for the Federation.
After the marathon, the Federation will have a tent in Point State Park where "people can come out and congratulate the runners," said Swartz. And on Sunday night, "we are hosting a reception at the JCC at 7, celebrating 20 years of Partnership2Gether. … We would love for people to come out and celebrate with us."
Adam Reinherz can be reached at adamr@thejewishchronicle.net.


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Inclusive fitness theory and eusociality
P. Abbot, J. Abe, J. Alcock, S. Alizon, J. Alpedrinha, M. Andersson, J. Andre, M. Van Baalen, F. Balloux, S. Balshine, N.H. Barton, L. Beukeboom, J. Biernaskie, T. Bilde, G. Borgia, M. Breed, S. Brown, R. Bshary, A. Buckling, N. Burley, M. Burton Chellew, M. Cant, M. Chapuisat, E. Charnov, T. Clutton Brock, A. Cockburn, B. Cole, N. Colegrave, L. Cosmides, I. Couzin, J. Coyne, S. Creel, B. Crespi, R. Curry, S. Dall, T. Day, J. Dickinson, L. Dugatkin, C. El Mouden, S. Emlen, J. Evans, R. Ferriere, J. Field, S. Foitzik, K. Foster, W. Foster, C. Fox, J. Gadau, S. Gandon, A. Gardner, M. Gardner, T. Getty, M. Goodisman, A. Grafen, R. Grosberg, C. Grozinger, P. Gouyon, D. Gwynne, P. Harvey, B. Hatchwell, J. Heinze, H. Helantera, K. Helms, K. Hill, N. Jiricny, R. Johnstone, A. Kacelnik, E.T. Kiers, H. Kokko, J. Komdeur, J. Korb, D. Kronauer, R. Kümmerli, L. Lehmann, T. Linksvayer, S. Lion, B. Lyon, J. Marshall, R. Mcelreath, Y. Michalakis, R. Michod, D. Mock, T. Monnin, R. Montgomerie, A. Moore, U. Mueller, R. Noë, S. Okasha, P. Pamilo, G. Parker, J. Pedersen, I. Pen, D. Pfennig, D. Queller, D. Rankin, S. Reece, H. Reeve, M. Reuter, G. Roberts, S. Robson, D. Roze, F. Rousset, O. Rueppell, J. Sachs, L. Santorelli, P. Schmid Hempel, M. Schwarz, T. Scott Phillips, J. Shellmann Sherman, P. Sherman, D. Shuker, J. Smith, J. Spagna, B. Strassmann, A. Suarez, L. Sundström, M. Taborsky, P. Taylor, G. Thompson, J. Tooby, N. Tsutsui, K. Tsuji, S. Turillazzi, F. Úbeda, E. Vargo, B. Voelkl, T. Wenseleers, S. West, M. West Eberhard, D. Westneat, D. Wiernasz, G. Wild, R. Wrangham, A. Young, D. Zeh, J. Zeh, A. Zink, Nature 471 (2011) E1–E4.
Measuring the complete force field of an optical trap
M. Jahnel, M. Behrndt, A. Jannasch, E. Schaeffer, S. Grill, Optics Letters 36 (2011) 1260–1262.
View | Files available | DOI | Download Published Version (ext.)
Information transmission in genetic regulatory networks a review
G. Tkačik, A. Walczak, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 23 (2011).
The statistical mechanics of a polygenic character under stabilizing selection mutation and drift
H. de Vladar, N.H. Barton, Journal of the Royal Society Interface 8 (2011) 720–739.
Resolution of gene regulatory conflicts caused by combinations of antibiotics
M.T. Bollenbach, R. Kishony, Molecular Cell 42 (2011) 413–425.
Quantifying transversality by measuring the robustness of intersections
H. Edelsbrunner, D. Morozov, A. Patel, Foundations of Computational Mathematics 11 (2011) 345–361.
Persistent intersection homology
P. Bendich, J. Harer, Foundations of Computational Mathematics 11 (2011) 305–336.
Completion of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in zebrafish mesoderm requires Spadetail
R. Row, J.-L. Maître, B. Martin, P. Stockinger, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, D. Kimelman, Developmental Biology 354 (2011) 102–110.
Mapping Mendelian traits in asexual progeny using changes in marker allele frequency
S. Logeswaran, N.H. Barton, Genetical Research 93 (2011) 221–232.
View | DOI | Download Published Version (ext.)
Patterns of diversification in two species of short-tailed bats (Carollia Gray, 1838): the effects of historical fragmentation of Brazilian rainforests.
A. Pavan, F. Martins, F. Santos, A. Ditchfield, R.A. Fernandes Redondo, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 102 (2011) 527–539.
Estimating linkage disequilibria
N.H. Barton, Heredity 106 (2011) 205–206.
The difference in length of curves in R^n
B.T. Fasy, Acta Sci. Math. (Szeged) 77 (2011) 359–367.
Scyllarus arctus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllaridae) final stage phyllosoma identified by DNA analysis, with morphological description
F. Palero, G. Guerao, P. Clark, P. Abello, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91 (2011) 485–492.
2011 | Book Chapter | IST-REx-ID: 3791
Cell sorting in development
G. Krens, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, in:, M. Labouesse (Ed.), Forces and Tension in Development, Elsevier, 2011, pp. 189–213.
Covering and packing with spheres by diagonal distortion in R^n
H. Edelsbrunner, M. Kerber, in:, C. Calude, G. Rozenberg, A. Salomaa (Eds.), Rainbow of Computer Science, Springer, 2011, pp. 20–35.
Formalisms for specifying Markovian population models
T.A. Henzinger, B. Jobstmann, V. Wolf, IJFCS: International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 22 (2011) 823–841.
Timed parity games: Complexity and robustness
K. Chatterjee, T.A. Henzinger, V. Prabhu, Logical Methods in Computer Science 7 (2011).
Computing elevation maxima by searching the Gauss sphere
B. Wang, H. Edelsbrunner, D. Morozov, Journal of Experimental Algorithmics 16 (2011) 1–13.
Approximation of event probabilities in noisy cellular processes
F. Didier, T.A. Henzinger, M. Mateescu, V. Wolf, Theoretical Computer Science 412 (2011) 2128–2141.
2011 | Journal Article | IST-REx-ID: 490 |
BioSig: The free and open source software library for biomedical signal processing
A. Schlögl, C. Vidaurre, T. Sander, Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2011 (2011).
2011 | Journal Article | IST-REx-ID: 491
Setting the clock for recirculating lymphocytes
A. Eichner, M.K. Sixt, Science Signaling 4 (2011).
Spontaneous glutamate release is independent of calcium influx and tonically activated by the calcium-sensing receptor
N. Vyleta, S. Smith, European Journal of Neuroscience 31 (2011) 4593–4606.
CAMTA1 is a novel tumour suppressor regulated by miR-9/9 * in glioblastoma stem cells
D. Schraivogel, L. Weinmann, D. Beier, G. Tabatabai, A. Eichner, J. Zhu, M. Anton, M.K. Sixt, M. Weller, C. Beier, G. Meister, EMBO Journal 30 (2011) 4309–4322.
Verification of STM on relaxed memory models
R. Guerraoui, T.A. Henzinger, V. Singh, Formal Methods in System Design 39 (2011) 297–331.
An O(n2) time algorithm for alternating Büchi games
K. Chatterjee, M. Henzinger, An O(N2) Time Algorithm for Alternating Büchi Games, IST Austria, 2011.
2011 | Preprint | IST-REx-ID: 3338 |
Bounded rationality in concurrent parity games
K. Chatterjee, ArXiv (2011) 1–51.
View | Files available | Download Preprint (ext.) | arXiv
On an efficient decision procedure for imperative tree data structures
T. Wies, M. Muñiz, V. Kuncak, On an Efficient Decision Procedure for Imperative Tree Data Structures, IST Austria, 2011.
An efficient decision procedure for imperative tree data structures
T. Wies, M. Muñiz, V. Kuncak, in:, Springer, 2011, pp. 476–491.
Partial-observation stochastic games: How to win when belief fails
K. Chatterjee, L. Doyen, Partial-Observation Stochastic Games: How to Win When Belief Fails, IST Austria, 2011.
K. Chatterjee, Bounded Rationality in Concurrent Parity Games, IST Austria, 2011.
Robustness of structurally equivalent concurrent parity games
K. Chatterjee, Robustness of Structurally Equivalent Concurrent Parity Games, IST Austria, 2011.
Energy and mean-payoff parity Markov decision processes
K. Chatterjee, L. Doyen, Energy and Mean-Payoff Parity Markov Decision Processes, IST Austria, 2011.
Temporal specifications with accumulative values
U. Boker, K. Chatterjee, T.A. Henzinger, O. Kupferman, in:, IEEE, 2011.
K. Chatterjee, L. Doyen, in:, Springer, 2011, pp. 206–218.
Enforcing topological constraints in random field image segmentation
C. Chen, D. Freedman, C. Lampert, in:, CVPR: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, 2011, pp. 2089–2096.
U. Boker, K. Chatterjee, T.A. Henzinger, O. Kupferman, Temporal Specifications with Accumulative Values, IST Austria, 2011.
Decidable problems for probabilistic automata on infinite words
K. Chatterjee, M. Tracol, Decidable Problems for Probabilistic Automata on Infinite Words, IST Austria, 2011.
C. Chen, D. Freedman, C. Lampert, Enforcing Topological Constraints in Random Field Image Segmentation, IST Austria, 2011.
Quantitative synthesis for concurrent programs
P. Cerny, K. Chatterjee, T.A. Henzinger, A. Radhakrishna, R. Singh, in:, G. Gopalakrishnan, S. Qadeer (Eds.), Springer, 2011, pp. 243–259.
Noise underlies switching behavior of the bacterial flagellum
H. Park, P. Oikonomou, C.C. Guet, P. Cluzel, Biophysical Journal 101 (2011) 2336–2340.
Accuracy of phylogeny reconstruction methods combining overlapping gene data sets
A. Kupczok, H. Schmidt, A. Von Haeseler, Algorithms for Molecular Biology 5 (2010).
The rate of fitness-valley crossing in sexual populations
D. Weissman, M. Feldman, D. Fisher, Genetics 186 (2010) 1389–1410.
Expressiveness and closure properties for quantitative languages
K. Chatterjee, L. Doyen, T.A. Henzinger, Logical Methods in Computer Science 6 (2010) 1–23.
Lumpability abstractions of rule-based systems
J. Feret, T.A. Henzinger, H. Koeppl, T. Petrov, in:, Open Publishing Association, 2010, pp. 142–161.
Understanding adaptation in large populations
N.H. Barton, PLoS Genetics 6 (2010).
What role does natural selection play in speciation?
N.H. Barton, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 365 (2010) 1825–1840.
Phenotypic correlates of hybridisation between red and sika deer (genus Cervus)
H. Senn, G. Swanson, S. Goodman, N.H. Barton, J. Pemberton, Journal of Animal Ecology 79 (2010) 414–425.
Genetic linkage and natural selection
Mutation and the evolution of recombination
Cryptic variation between species and the basis of hybrid performance
U. Rosas, N.H. Barton, L. Copsey, P. Barbier De Reuille, E. Coen, PLoS Biology 8 (2010).
Citation Style: Default


Radiators aren't all made equal, and if you are looking for an unusual radiator which is designed to both look great and provide efficient heat to your room, this Hudson Reed one could be the perfect choice. The double design is a more efficient use of space on the wall and looks of the radiator although unconventional are not so off the wall that the radiator will look out of place in a more traditional home. This is a radiator which is only 300mm high, so will squeeze into a fraction of the space of a standard radiator.
It's also ideal for placing in smaller rooms, under a shelf or in awkwardly shaped rooms. Hudson Reed is a well-known name in the world of radiators, and they have a reputation for quality. This double radiator is no exception, and comes with a 20 year guarantee for complete peace of mind. Although valves have to be bought separately, there is a wide range of compatible items to choose from.
This type of radiator is easy to install, and the job is made even easier by the fact the brackets are included with the radiator. Whether you're shopping for a new radiator for an extension, or upgrading your central heating throughout the home, this is a designer style radiator but without the price tag. It offers great value for money and is a superb choice for any family home.


In this role, you will help Indeed become a leader in the open source community. You will contribute to various open source projects, create internal tooling, and coach other Indeedians on open source practices. Open source software is threaded through our entire stack, from top to bottom, so you will face new challenges and opportunities every week. Every member of our small, highly-talented team is in a position to have a tremendous impact throughout Indeed, and beyond.
The Open Source team is highly distributed geographically, so this position is open to remote candidates in most of the US and Canada. We will also consider candidates who want to work in one of our offices, in Seattle, Austin or San Francisco.
Feel energized when teaching, coaching, consulting, mentoring, etc.
Indeed is committed to creating a workplace and global community where inclusion is not only valued but prioritized. Diverse viewpoints bring diverse capabilities, strengthening our decision-making and fueling our growth.


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Home » What's On » Show » Letters to the Beloved
Letters to the Beloved
Perilous Mouths
$230; $184(M); $150(S,SC)
Letters to the Beloved, the tale of Mrs. Charles Dickens, is the latest original drama from Clare Stearns, artistic director of Perilous Mouths Theatre. Through music, physical theatre and the actual words of the main protagonists, the play investigates the life of Catherine Hogarth Dickens, the wife of the great Victorian writer Charles Dickens. The young Mrs. Dickens (Kate) talks to her older self (Catherine), in an attempt to understand why, after 20 years of marriage and ten children, her husband has decided to obliterate her (his beloved) from his life, leaving her with only faded memories and an enormous bag of letters.
Thirty years later her daughter, Katey Perugini, ashamed and embarrassed by her parents, is determined to destroy the letters. But she hasn't bargained on the persuasive powers of her best friend, the playwright G.B. Shaw, who is just as determined that she should face her own demons.
Created by Clare Stearns and devised by the cast, Letters to the Beloved stars Kath O'Connor and Rachel Zweig as Mrs. Charles Dickens, with Andy Fullard as G.B. Shaw, Helen Cannon as Katey Perugini and Jai Ignacio as the all-seeing, all-knowing Larry.


When we think of human illness or disease it is often viewed through the scope of the physical realm. This view can be limiting and if we want to treat the root of illness we need to consider the whole being in terms of body, mind, and spirit.
To find balance in my own life, I have sought out knowledge of healing modalities as patient, teacher, and trainer. My personal struggle to heal early wounds led me to study human behavior, yoga for trauma survival, integrative nutrition, plant medicine, psychotherapy, art therapy, equine therapy, oriental medicine, breath work, and bodywork. I was a successful corporate executive for decades until I realized that my life was intended for another path. I wanted to experience real joy, be free from the trauma of my past and to support others in their recovery of balance.
In 2012 I returned to school to study Chinese Medicine at a school in Florida for Five Elements which follows the tradition of Professor J.R. Worsley. At the same time I met Laura Stelmok, the director of the teaching clinic, The Virtue of HeavenEarth, located in Maine. I finished my formal education with the Academy of Five Elements and obtained National licensure. In 2017 I relocated to Maine to continue this life-changing training under the guidance of Laura Stelmok and to work with the group of dedicated practitioners that comprise the student body of The Virtue of HeavenEarth (www.virtueofheavenearth.org).
I have experienced an incredible change in my life since following this path. Witnessed and been part of real miracles for patients with trauma, addiction (food, drug, alcohol) and disease on all levels. I am dedicated to offering my experience, knowledge, and commitment to patients that come to me seeking change and balance. I humbly offer myself as a vehicle for the tradition of Taoist Medicine to reach those people that come to the practice I have called WarmCurrent.


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← The Basilica of St. Maximin, Provence and Mary Magdalen's Relics
Fontaine de Vaucluse, France →
L'Abbaye Sainte-Marie Madeleine, Barroux
We arrived at Crillon-le-Brave, about two hours north of Sainte-Baume, near Carpentras and Avignon as the temperatures rose here in southern France, hitting ninety degrees on Saturday. Crillon-le-Brave is a small hilltop village at the base of Petrarch's Mount Ventoux, and the lovely hotel here, began and owned by two gracious Canadians, has been a favorite over the years. The hotel spreads over a rocky crag, looking out to the valley and the mountain beyond, and we descend spiraling stairs to breakfast on a terrace, as birds fly overhead in glorious abandon. I set a chapter or two here in my second novel, Offerings, and with its publication, I am happy to return to this ethereal aery of stone.
Today, Sunday, we were able to go to church. We drove through the Provencal forest of pine and alders on winding narrow lanes, the hills rolling softly beneath the mountain called Ventoux, windy, to visit a Benedictine monastery for Sunday Messe, the Abbey of Saint Mary Magdalen.
The lavender was in bloom, and we followed a gravel footpath alongside the swathe of purple reaching nearly to the porch of the ocher stone abbey. Cypresses rose alongside a graceful bell tower and as I pressed the minute button on my camera the bells began their song, chiming through the countryside, Come to Mass.
We entered through the arched portico, where a lovely statue of Marie Madeleine greeted us, and where Girl Scouts were preparing a bake sale on tables. Inside, the sanctuary was dim, a few faithful having arrived for the 10:00 Office, ensuring they found a seat for the 10:30 Mass. The small nave filled up quickly, folks climbing winding stairs to a loft above. We found seats in the second pew, Epistle side, and watched as a black-robed Benedictine entered, turned on the lights, and lit the candles.
I recalled that in 1970 a few monks gathered in the Chapel of Mary Magdalen in the nearby village of Bedoin. Following the rule of Saint Benedict of the sixth century, they prayed the daily offices and worked the land. As they grew in numbers, they built a new monastery with their own hands in neighboring Le Barroux. They remain a faithful witness, I thought, as I gazed at the oak choir, sixty stalls running perpendicular to the altar and apse in the traditional monastic form. Theycontinue to sing the seven daily offices from Matins to Compline and celebrate Mass each day as well, weekdays in the grotto chapel, Sundays in this graceful sanctuary of light.
As I wrote in my chapter set here in my second novel Offerings,
Columns of cream and brown stone under vaulted arches lined the side aisles, and a high ceiling ran from the western loft to the eastern apse. A Madonna stood on a pedestal to the left of the altar, holding the Christ Child on her hip in the country manner, a figure of greens and golds. The sculpted image reminded Madeleine of the Madonna in Saint Thomas' back home, but the lofty symmetry of the sanctuary echoed Saint Antimo's in Tuscany. All was balance and harmony, calling the soul to peace.
The abbey retains that sense of ethereal wonder, peaceful harmony, perfect discipline, but there have been changes since I wrote those words. Sadly, their beloved abbot has passed on, but another has taken his place, and there appeared to be many young men who had taken their vows here, a sign of increasing health for the order. They offer programs for children over the summer and parish care for the local families.
I gazed at the crucifix over the altar. Suspended by long black cords from the tower above, the corpus is Christ the King, fully clothed in blue and red, crowned in gold. The image of the sacrifice as a royal one, with the arms outraised in welcome as well as suffering, has always touched me with its profound truth. For this is a victorious Christ, one who, in this image, reminds us that he has conquered death, even the death of the Cross for the world. We also recall in this colorful figure the public nature of his death, that his was an action of the heavens upon the earth, as the heavenly became the earthly in order to raise earth to heaven.
We watched as forty monks processed in to the sanctuary from the southern aisle and took their places in the choir. They stepped quickly, with assurance, in pairs, their eyes full of a thoughtful certainty and grace. They were tall and gaunt and ascetic. Following the river of black robes, so marked against the pale tawny stone, came three others, side by side, robed in Trinity green. The center monk, a priest, would celebrate the Mass. Those on either side raised with care the edges of his chasuble, so that the effect was one of honoring the Eucharistic sacrifice, honoring the man who would perform the sacred rite, bringing Christ into our midst in a very unique and Scriptural way.
The High Mass progressed as the monks chanted in Latin, the lessons and sermon spoken in French, and as we entered the Canon of the Mass, I was grateful that the celebrant faced the altar in the traditional fashion, offering us to God. Later, when the bread became the Host holding the presence of Christ, he would turn to us, offering God to us.
Six thick candles flamed on the stone altar lighting the colorful Christ and the apsidal stained glass windows. With time and with watching, one sees more, and eventually the figures frescoed on the apsidal sphere took shape, Rublev's Trinity (the Angels of the Lord visiting Abraham and Sarah, the Lamb of God in the center, prefiguring the sacrifice of Christ) above the twelve apostles in white.
In a way we were spectators of the great liturgical dance, and perhaps this is appropriate in this abbey church. The men here work and pray continuously, and we joined them in a very small part of this offering. We were grateful for their witness, their ora and labora, the Benedictine way, to God.
After, we left quietly through the portico, past the Magdalen, out to the field of lavender and the stalwart bell tower. We found the crowded gift shop run by the monks and bought some bread, honey, tapenade, and two replicas of the stunning red-and-blue Christ the King, the Abbatiale crucifix.
And I left a copy of Offerings for the Abbot, as a small thank you for their glorious witness to truth at this Abbey of Saint Mary Magdalen. Having come from La Sainte-Baume and venerated the Magdalen's relics at St. Maximin, having traced the origins of the Cassianite hermitages in the plain beneath the cave and Marseilles, this visit of the more modern expression of Mary Magdalen's devotion and evangelization was pure grace this Fourth Sunday after Trinity.
It was also, as I recalled, the octave of the Feast of the Nativity of John the Baptist, the voice of one crying in the wilderness.
Deo Gratia


GLORIA JONES: TOO MUCH TAINT?
Then I started to play it out aaaaaaand maybe it runs just a bit long. You can only lead a crowd through that chorus so many times before you start to feel the itch to mix in some Supremes. Maybe?


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Conclusion and Recommendation
Bacteriological and Physico-chemical Quality of Deep Well Water Source in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia"
Environmental Pollution Management Research Directorate, Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute, Ethiopia
Submission: October 10, 2019; Published: October 23, 2019
*Corresponding author: Tewodros Mandaean, Environmental Pollution Management Research Directorate, Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute, Ethiopia
How to cite this article:Tewodros Manyazewal. Bacteriological and Physico-Chemical Quality of Deep Well Water Source in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia Tewodros Manyazewal . JOJ Pub Health. 2019; 5(2): 555660. DOI: 10.19080/JOJPH.2019.05.555660
Increase in development has brought about continuous scarcity of water resources in many parts of the world. The sustainability and quality of ground water is vulnerable to overexploitation and contamination due to poor management. This study was carried out to evaluate the bacteriological and physicochemical quality of deep well water at Kito-Furidsa Institute of Technology, Jimma Town to assess its suitability for drinking and other uses. Fecal coliform and total coliform tested positive for the tap water sample. All the physicochemical water quality parameters complied with World Health Organization regulatory standards. The water sample at the outlet of the well tested negative for fecal and total coliform which assures the safety for drinking and other purpose based on the World Health Organization standard. The sanitary survey of the stations illustrates that there was low risk of contamination. Hygienic practice should be improved so as to prevent or reduce contamination of water with microbial flora and undesirable chemicals.
Keywords:Coliforms; Deep well; Drinking water; Sanitary survey; Water quality
Water is one of the most important elements for each way of life. It is vital to keep life on earth. It is also essential for the composition and renewal of cells. However, human beings continue to contaminate water sources causing water-related diseases [1]. Drinking water quality which refers to the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of water and waterborne diseases treatments is critical for public health [2]. It is the measure of the state of water in relation to the requirements of or more biotic spices and / or any need or human purpose [3]. The dependence of groundwater is increasing in most of the dry and semi-arid regions of the world as a result of vagaries of the rainy season and shortage of source water [4]. A comprehensive study on urban water supply systems in developing countries revealed that almost list 60 percent of the populations are still reliant on the underground source of drinking water specifically in outside of the city areas and distant villages [5]. About 1.1 billion people in the world have not had water source or system which is uncontaminated [6,7]. Waterborne diseases transmissions have been a concern for years [8]. Bacteria, viruses and parasites that are born from the water estimated to produce about four billion cases of diarrhea every year worldwide. Around the world, it is estimated that more than two million people, almost all newborns and children under five die due to water borne illness every year [7,9]. The microbiological quality of drinking water is a concern to consumers, water suppliers, regulators and public health authorities. The potential of drinking water to transmit microbial pathogens to great number of people causing subsequent illness is well documented in many countries at all levels of economic development [8].
The importance of improved water supply in the process of disease prevention and health promotion has long been identified. It is also described as one of the essential components of primary health care in the Alma-Ata Declaration [10]. The activities of international drinking water supply and sanitation decade signifies role that safe water supply could potentially play towards reaching the goal of health for all [9]. Access to drinking water and sanitation in Ethiopia is the lowest in the world. Almost 50 million people do not have access to clean water, while 56 million have no access to sanitation, according to the Ethiopian water sector report of 2008. Water-related diseases and sanitation such as cholera, fever, yellow hepatitis, diarrhea and typhoid takes the lives of hundreds of people in Ethiopia every year [1,11]. The water coverage of Ethiopia is about 53% as reported by Ethiopian Ministry of Water Resource [1]. This study can give valuable information about the current states of the well water source for those who are responsible to have regular monitoring and maintenances of the water system and for the users in having proper use and hygienic practice.Moreover, it can serve as base line data for researcher for further investigation.
Samples and sampling method
Using appropriate data collection techniques, the data was collected from Kito-Furidisa deep well water source. One grab sample was taken from station 1 (deep well) and two independent grab samples were taken from station 2 (tap water) in two separate days at 6:30 local time, which was pick hour of water usage and analyzed separately. The sampling stations were critically described using observational checklist during sanitary survey of the area. After sterilization the samples were collected in glass bottle and transported to the laboratory for the bacteriological quality analysis of the well water source, also the sample were not exposed to light and transported in an insulated container filled with ice to protect those indicators for bacteriological analysis from distraction and the analysis was performed within 6 hours of sample collection. For physico-chemical parameters sample collection the sampling bottles were washed with non-phosphate detergent, rinsed thoroughly with running water and rinsed with distilled water. Because of the inherent instability of certain variables like nitrate and ammonia-nitrogen they were preserved with 2 mL of concentrated H2SO4 and stored at 40C [12]. Finally, after sample collection the samples were packed and transported to laboratory for sample analysis by using standard laboratory methods and procedures.
Prior to the actual study a pre-test for field and laboratory instruments were conducted giving emphasis on observation of certain instruments for proper functioning and to ensure the validity of instruments and results were monitored by performing appropriate calibration of instrument using blank during volume trick analysis to minimize possible errors from impurities.
Sample analysis and interpretation
After conducting a pilot study to check the precession of the instruments the collected water samples were analyzed in the laboratory using standard methods and procedures. pH and temperature of the samples was determined by using portable standard pH meter and thermometer respectively. The Chloride concentration of the water samples were detected by Argentometric Titration [13]. The Fluoride content was determined by Alizarine Photometric Method. Ammonia and Nitrate were measured by Direct Nesslerization and Phenoldisulphonic Acid Method as nitrate nitrogen respectively and the total hardness of the water samples were determined by EDTA Titrimetric Method [12]. For bacteriological analysis (i.e. fecal coliform and total coliform) the collected samples were analyzed by Most Probable Number (MPN) method. After sample incubation for required time it was possible to isolate and determine the fecal coliforms from non-fecal coliforms due to their incubation tolerance at a temperature of 44oC for 24- hour incubation time. Sanitary survey was carried out based on physical inspection, of the well water system and how the system is operated and maintained, using standard sanitary survey checklist.
Physicochemical analysis
Higher value of chloride 53.3 mg/L, nitrate 2.37 mg/L and ammonia 0.11 mg/L and lower values of hardness 20.4 mg/L and pH 7.64 were recorded at tap water sample station 2 (Table 1). The pH value of the water samples from station 1 and station 2 were 7.94 and 7.61 respectively. The pH values of the two stations were within WHO optimum limits 6.5 the minimum and 8.5 the maximum value. The temperature value of 16.62oC was recorded at station 2 and 14.2oC at station 1. Higher value of temperature at station 2 was mainly due to the exposure of water pipeline to the sun after leaving station 1.
The Chloride concentration in the water samples were 51.3 mg/L at station 1 and 53.6 mg/L at station 2. These values are below the WHO quality standard for drinking water of 250 mg/L. The Fluoride consecration of the samples was 0.63 mg/L at station1 and 0.57 mg/L at station 2. The permissible limit for fluoride concentration ranges from 1-1.5 mg/L [14]. Fluoride has a significant mitigating effect against dental caries if the concentration is approximately 1 mg/L. However, long term exposure or consumption of higher concentration of 4 mg/l or more can cause dental fluorosis and in extreme cases even skeletal fluorosis [15]. Nitrate concentrations in the samples were 2.46 for station 1 water sample and 2.53 mg/L for station 2 water sample. High concentrations more than 45 mg/L of NO3- may give rise to potential health risks such as methemoglobinemia or blue-baby syndrome particularly in pregnant women [16]. Total Hardness of the water sample from station 2 was 20.4 mg/L and 22.5 mg/L for station 1 water sample. These values are within the range of 0-60 mg/l which is soft water as described by United States Geological survey and World Health Organization. Ammonia concentrations of the water samples were 0.09 mg/L and 0.12 mg/L. The minimum value was for the sample from station 1 and the maximum was from station 2 water sample. The concentration of ammonia in the samples are below the WHO recommended standard of 0.5 mg/L. According to World Health Organization (WHO), the level found in ground water is typically below 0.2 mg/L.
Microbiological analyses of collected samples
Through the microbial analysis of station 1 abstracted water sample did not revealed the presence of total coliform and fecal coliform. The bacteriological analysis of station 2, based on MPN count in 100 mL sample, were 6 CFU for total coliform and 3 CFU for fecal coliform. This result revealed that the sample from station 2 did not meet WHO standard of zero fecal coliform and less than 5 CFU per 100 mL total coliform for safe drinking water, but station 1 was within standard. The total and fecal coliform count of station 2 was higher than station 1. This was basically due to the break of the continuity of the main distribution line which results in cross contamination as observed during sanitary survey (Table 2).
Increased level of fecal and total coliform indicates the lack of water treatment and poor management of water harvesting system. Since contamination after collection, during transportation and storage is increasingly being recognized as an issue of public health importance it may require treatment such as boiling or treatment with hypochlorite solution since that will kill most microbial parasites before drinking [17,18]. Ground water is a relatively safe source of potable water compared with other unprotected water sources e.g. rivers, springs, rainwater [19]. Samples taken from station 1 in this study contain coliform count below standard by MPN technique. However, the sample from station 2 was identified to have a little higher than the standard.
The on-site inspection (sanitary survey) of the water source, facilities, equipment's, operation and maintenances of station 1 revealed that the station was in good condition with a score of 35 which is lower than 45 that recommended by WHO. The physical on-site measurements were noted the distance between the proposed stations and potential source of contamination. Also, during this evaluation station 2 was considered to be at risk of contamination with leakage through the break of the distribution line when compared with station 1 based on WHO standard. Sanitary survey is meant to identify problems which may affect the quality of the water
The study has shown that generally physiochemical parameters of groundwater from selected well were found to be acceptable according to the guidelines for drinking water provided by the World Health Organization for drinking and domestic activities with the exception of pH which was low (out of recommended range) for all boreholes and hand-dug wells. The microbial quality of water at the point of usage were unsuitable for human consumption without treatment. Treatment and hygienic practice should be improved so as to prevent or reduce contamination. Replacement of damaged pipelines and lining of sewer drains is necessary to prevent the leakage of sewage in pipes and seepage through unlined channels and prevent the mixing of sewage with ground water. Government must be determined to increase regular monitoring and enforcement of drinking water quality.
MOWR (2008) Ministry of Water Resource, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Twort AC, Ratnayaka DD, Brandt MJ (2000) Standards for Physical and Chemical Quality of Water Supply; Arnold and IWA publishing, London, pp. 240-244.
Jonson D, Ambrose SH, Bassett TJ, Bowen ML, Crummey DE (1997) Meaning of Environmental Terms; Journal of Environmental Quality 26: 581-589.
Sundray SA, Panda U, Nayak C, Dinabondhal B (2005) Multipartition in water quality of Mahandadinvan; Estuary System. Department of Chemical Science, Autonomous College, Punira, India.
Chlatwel GR (2007) Encyclopedia of Environmental Pollution
WHO (2005) Financial management of water supply and sanitation. World Health Organization. Geneva
Hughes JM, Koplan JP (2005) Saving Lives through Global Safe Water. Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases 11(10): 1636-1637.
Roy SK (2007) Physicochemical and Biogenic pollution studies of ground water and related environmental impacts assessment; Benkuka, West Bengal Journal of Environment Socio biol 4: 31-36.
Zamxaka M, Pironcheva G, Muyima N (2004) Microbiological and physico-chemical assessment of the quality of domestic water sources in selected rural communities of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa 30(3): 333-340.
Dufour A, Snozzi M, Koster W, Bartram J, Ronchi E (2003) Assessing microbial safety of drinking water: improving approaches and methods, WHO/OECD.
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Endale H (2012) Environmental Quality Control; Pysico-chemical quality analysis of water and wastewater lecture note, unpublished
British pharmacopoeia (1993) The British pharmacopoeia publication center, London.
World Health Organization (2006) Guideline for Drinking water Quality; First Addendum to (3rd edt), Volume 1 recommendation, Geneva.
Dissanayake CB (1991) The fluoride problem in the ground water: Environmental Health and Management. Intel J Environ Studies 19: 195-203.
Kempstar PL, Kuhn A (1997) The need for guideline to Bridge the Gap Between Ideal Drinking Water Quality and Quality which is practically Available and Acceptable.
Lindskog P (1988) Bacterial Contamination of water in rural area. Journal of Tropical Medicine, Malawi.
Genthe B, Strauss N (1997) The effect of type of supply of water quality in developing country. Water Science Technology, South Africa.
Reid DC, Edwards AC, Cooper D, Wilson E, Mcgaw BA (2003) The quality of drinking water from private water supplies in Aberdeen shire. UK 37: 245-254.


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Top 5 Game Design Schools and Colleges in New Jersey - 2018 Rankings
Posted by ACR Staff. Last updated February 27, 2019.
Top 5 New Jersey Game Design Schools - 2018 Rankings
1 Rutgers University New Brunswick
2 New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark
3 The College of New Jersey Ewing Township
4 Fairleigh Dickinson University Teaneck
5 Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken
Our 2018 rankings of the top 5 gaming programs in New Jersey. For an explanation of ranking criteria, click here.
1. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
Established in 1766, Rutgers University is the eighth oldest higher education institution in the United States. The school, which serves more than 69,000 students from all 50 states and more than 125 countries, offers more than 150 undergraduate majors and over 200 graduate programs across 30 colleges and schools.
Rutgers University's School of Communication and Information offers several programs for aspiring game designers. Options include a Dual BA and MI (Master of Information Degree) Pathway for Information Technology & Informatics (ITI) Majors with Game Production and Innovation Specializations and Certificate Program. The school says that the Game Production and Innovation Specialization benefits those who have an interest in gaming and game studies, as an addition to or instead of coding and developing games. It provides a basic understanding of game informatics and design – which includes the social dimensions of various users (e.g., designers, builders, players, managers, etc.); the technical dimensions with a focus on design; and the organizational and contextual dimensions.
The objective of Game Production and Innovation is to provide students with the capability to plan and design video games to address organizational and societal issues, including recreational gaming. Specific careers in gaming may include game production, game design, writing or screen writing, animation and management.
Students in the program have the opportunity to complete an internship in the game industry, they may complete 150 hours of independent study, and they may participate in the Information Technology and Informatics Program (ITI) Showcase. ITI provides students with experiential learning focused courses such as ITI 210 - Management of Technological Organizations and the Capstone Course. The culmination of both courses is the ITI Showcase, where student teams from the ITI 210 class compete in the Prototype and Pitch Competition while the Capstone class presents their project to a panel of judges before an audience of their peers.
2. New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) was founded in 1881. The school opened its doors as The Newark Technical School on Monday, February 9, 1885, with just 88 students. Today, NJIT serves 11,400 students enrolled in 50 bachelors, 59 masters and 19 doctoral degree programs across eight colleges and schools.
NJIT offers two degree paths for aspiring game designers: a BS in Information Technology (for those most interested in coding and game development) or a BA in Digital Design (for those interested in the art of game design, the look and feel of a game, character and environment design, etc.). Digital Design students still take coding classes in the College of Computing and Information Technology students take classes in design, such as Color and Composition, in the School of Art + Design.
The BA in Digital Design has two Track options: Entertainment and Interactive Media/Production. Students in the program will select their track of study in the second year and follow their chosen track to completion. Besides Color and Composition, sample courses for the program include Game Architecture and Design, Game Modification Development, Digital Design Studio, 2D Character Design, 3D Character Development, Acting for Animators, Simulated Environments, Advanced Music Technology, Visual and Special Effects in Movies, Digital Sound and Music, and Design Techniques.
The two programs, in two different colleges at NJIT, work collaboratively, which allows broader opportunities and more options for students, regardless of their "home" program.
Graduates have landed positions in the areas of game design, animation, graphic design, architectural and environment visualization, web design, storyboard art, and more. Among the studios where NJIT students have interned or worked full-time are 1st Avenue Machine, CSALAS & Co Labs, KWD – Kim Wendell Design LLC, Miskowski Design LLC, NTropic, SUSPECT vfx+design, SWDTech Games, and Tripwire Interactive.
3. The College of New Jersey, Ewing Township, New Jersey
The College of New Jersey (TCNJ) was founded in 1855. The school serves approximately 6,790 undergraduates and 610 graduate students enrolled in more than 50 liberal arts and professional programs through seven schools—Arts & Communication; Business; Humanities & Social Sciences; Education; Engineering; Nursing, Health, & Exercise Science; and Science.
The School of Arts & Communication, houses the Department of Interactive Multimedia (IMM), which offers a BA in IMM. The school says that the program explores user experience design, interaction design, interface design, and programming for everything from web sites to video games. Other program highlights include internships at places such as Amazon and DreamWorks and the IMM Senior Showcase, which allows students to present their senior capstone projects to their peers and technology professionals.
Graduates of the program have gone on to enroll in top graduate schools such as NYU, SVA, and SCAD and land positions at companies such as MarkerBot, Nickelodeon, and TIME.
4. Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, New Jersey
Fairleigh Dickinson University (FDU) was established in 1942. The school serves more than 12,000 students, making it New Jersey's largest private university. More than 100 degrees and disciplines are offered across two New Jersey campuses (Madison and Teaneck) and two FDU locations outside the U.S. including Wroxton College in Oxfordshire, England, and the Vancouver Campus in British Columbia, Canada.
Programs for aspiring game designers are offered through two departments—the Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics Department and the Visual and Performing Arts Department. Both departments are part of Becton College of Arts and Sciences. Program options include a BS in Computer Science with a Game Development Concentration and a BA in Film and Animation with a Video Game Animation Concentration. Several Minors are also available and include 3D Video Game Animation, Animation, Film Production, Studio Arts, and Cinema Studies.
The school says that the BS program lays a solid foundation in computer science and mathematics with carefully chosen courses in the computer science, animation, mathematics and physics departments as well as the department of visual and performing arts. The program is designed based on guidelines provided by IGDA, The International Game Developers Association and prepares students for a career in gaming as well as a career in computer science.
The Video Game Animation program focuses on the artistic side of video game production. The school says that students will study the formulation of the visual and interactive content, goals and gameplay of video games. Students learn the skills to create 3D animation as it applies to video games while constructing practical projects, which are commonly produced in professional gaming companies. Students complete their creative work using 3D Studio Max, Unreal, Unity and ZBrush.
The program culminates in a senior project where the students design and create a game prototype that displays all of the techniques and aesthetics learned in their previous classes.
5. Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey
Stevens Institute of Technology opened its doors in 1870. The school serves nearly 7,000 students enrolled in 35 undergraduate majors within four schools: Charles V. Schaefer, Jr. School of Engineering, School of Business, School of Systems Enterprises, and College of Arts & Letters. Students are also enrolled in some 40 master's degree programs and 20 PhD programs in the fields of business, computer science, engineering, science, and arts and humanities (plus two additional interdisciplinary PhD programs).
Programs for aspiring game designers are offered through Schaefer, Jr. School of Engineering (Department of Computer Science) and the College of Arts and Letters. Pathways include a BS Computer Science with a Concentration Game Design, a BA in Visual Arts and Technology with a Concentration Game Design, and an MS in Computer Science with a Gaming and Simulation or Modeling, Simulation and Visualization Focus.
Two minor options are available as well and include a Minor in Computer Science with a Computer Graphics Track and a Minor in Visual Arts and Technology. A Certificate in Computer Graphics is also available.
Per the school, the Stevens Game Design programs are focused on teaching students how to build 2D and 3D games using their own artwork, code, and story. The program also critically looks at the current state of game design—from large-scale studio, to small independent art projects. By seeing the entire scope of what games can do, says the school, students will explore a range of possibilities of using games to create thought provoking projects.


This office of the Utah Department of Health educates women, families, health care providers, and the community about reproductive health issues. In addition, they collect and compile information about the health of moms and babies in Utah.
Provides temporary housing and other supports for families whose children are being cared for in local hospitals.
Links individual with resources to get needed prescriptions. Must meet eligibility guidelines.


Bring your garden to life even before buds form with the gorgeous Sunflower Cast Stone Birdbath. It features a stunning sunflower basin with perfectly sculpted leaves. It creates a perfect focal point to any setting, as well as a welcomed stopping point for your favorite feathery friends. Made of cast stone, it is built to last.