text:
aundhokare.badsha@gmail.com
Heart Valve Disease – Types, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
Spinal Canal Narrowing at Disc Level Between T6 – T7
Spirometry – Indications, Contraindications, Procedure
Pulmonary Function Tests – Indications, Contraindications
Non-Respiratory Functions of Lungs
Positive End-expiratory Pressure
Hypoxia – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
Diving Disorders – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Barotrauma – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Pulmonary Barotrauma – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
Breathing Exercise and Techniques for Stress Relief
Hypertensive Retinopathy – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
Renal Hypertension – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Renovascular Hypertension – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
Hypertensive Encephalopathy – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
Secondary Hypertension – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Malignant Hypertension – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Mean Arterial Pressure – What About You Need To Know
Isolated Systolic Hypertension – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
15 Foods That Are Good for High Blood Pressure
Idiopathic Hypertension – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Essential Hypertension – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
17 Effective Ways to Lower Your Blood Pressure Levels
14 Best Foods to Increase Blood Flow and Circulation
How Cardiac Muscle Works – All About You Need To Know
Blood Circulatory System – What About You Need To Know
10 Breathing Techniques for Stress Relief and More
Myocardium – Anatomy, Nerve Supply, Functions
Heart Muscle – Anatomy, Nerve Supply, Functions
Rx Foundation
Rx Research
Drugs (A - Z)
Rx Anatomy (A - Z)
Rx Fracture of Bone (A - Z)
Rx Cancer, Neoplasms and Palliative Care (A - Z)
Rxharun > Cardiac & Respiratory Disease (A - Z) > Mean Arterial Pressure – What About You Need To Know
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle, systole, and diastole. MAP is influenced by cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance, each of which is influenced by several variables. These will be discussed further under the Mechanism heading of this article.[rx]
Cardiac output is calculated as the product of heart rate and stroke volume. The determination of stroke volume is by ventricular inotropy and preload. Preload is affected by blood volume and the compliance of veins. Increasing the blood volume increases the preload, increasing the stroke volume and therefore increasing cardiac output. Afterload also affects the stroke volume in that an increase in afterload will decrease stroke volume. Heart rate is affected by the chronotropic, homotopy, and lusitropy of the myocardium.
Systemic vascular resistance is determined primarily by the radius of the blood vessels. Decreasing the radius of the vessels increases vascular resistance. Increasing the radius of the vessels would have the opposite effect. Blood viscosity can also affect systemic vascular resistance. An increase in hematocrit will increase blood viscosity and increase systemic vascular resistance. Viscosity, however, is considered only to play a minor role in systemic vascular resistance.[rx]
Visual Acuity Test – Indications, Procedures, Results
A common method used to estimate the MAP is the following formula:
MAP = DP + 1/3(SP – DP) or MAP = DP + 1/3(PP)
Where DP is the diastolic blood pressure, SP is the systolic blood pressure, and PP is the pulse pressure. This method is often more conducive to measuring MAP in most clinical settings as it offers a quick means of calculation if the blood pressure is known.
MAP regulation is on the cellular level through a complex interplay between the cardiovascular, renal, and autonomic nervous systems. The relationships of these involved systems to one another will be discussed in more detail under the Mechanism heading of this article.
Organ Systems Involved
The cardiovascular system determines the MAP through cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance. Cardiac output is regulated on the level of intravascular volume, preload, afterload, myocardial contractility, heart rate, and conduction velocity. Systemic vascular resistance regulation is via vasoconstriction and dilation.
You Might Also Like Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle - Anatomy, Nerve Supply, Function
The renal system affects MAP via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; this is a cascade that ends in the release of aldosterone, which increases sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys and ultimately increases plasma volume.
The autonomic nervous system plays a role in regulating MAP via baroreceptors located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch. The autonomic nervous system can affect both cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance to maintain MAP in the ideal range.
The functions of the above organ systems in regulating MAP are discussed further under the Mechanism heading of this article.
MAP functions to perfuse blood to all the tissues of the body to keep them functional. Mechanisms are in place to ensure that the MAP remains at least 60 mmHg so that blood can effectively reach all tissues.
Alterations in systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output are responsible for changes in MAP.
The most influential variable in determining systemic vascular resistance is the radius of the blood vessels themselves. The radius of these vessels is influenced both by local mediators and the autonomic nervous system. Endothelial cells lining the blood vessels produce and respond to vasoactive substances to either dilate or constrict the vessels depending on the body's needs.
When MAP is elevated, shearing forces on the vessel walls induce nitric oxide synthesis (NO) in endothelial cells. NO diffuses into vascular smooth muscle cells where it activates guanylyl cyclase and results in the dephosphorylation of GTP to cGMP. The cGMP acts as a second messenger within the cell, ultimately leading to smooth muscle relaxation and dilation of the vessel. Other vasodilating compounds produced locally are bradykinin and the various prostaglandins, which act through similar mechanisms to result in the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle.[rx]
You Might Also Like What Is Levator scapulae Muscle? Functions
Endothelin is a local vasoactive compound that has the opposite effects as NO on vascular smooth muscle. A reduced MAP triggers the production of endothelin within the endothelial cells. Endothelin then diffuses into the vascular smooth muscle cells to bind the ET-1 receptor, a Gq-coupled receptor, resulting in the formation of IP3 and calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which leads to smooth muscle contraction and constriction of the vessel.[rx]
The autonomic nervous system also plays a vital role in regulating MAP via the baroreceptor reflex. The arterial baroreceptors found in the carotid sinus and aortic arch act through a negative feedback system to maintain the MAP in the ideal range. Baroreceptors communicate with the nucleus tractus solitarius in the medulla of the brainstem via the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) in the carotid sinus and the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) in the aortic arch. The nucleus tractus solitarius determines the sympathetic or parasympathetic tone to either raise or lower MAP according to the body's needs.[rx]
When MAP is elevated, increasing baroreceptor stimulation, the nucleus tractus solitarius decreases sympathetic output and increases parasympathetic output. The increase in parasympathetic tone will decrease myocardial chronotropy and homotopy, with less pronounced effects on inotropy and lusitropy, via the effect of acetylcholine on M2 muscarinic receptors in the myocardium. M2 receptors are Gi-coupled, inhibiting adenylate cyclase and causing a decrease in cAMP levels within the cell. The result is a decrease in cardiac output and a subsequent decrease in MAP.
Conversely, when the MAP decreases, baroreceptor firing decreases and the nucleus tractus solitarius acts to reduce parasympathetic tone and increase sympathetic tone. The increase in sympathetic tone will increase myocardial chronotropy, dromotropy, inotropy, and lusitropy via the effect of epinephrine and norepinephrine on beta1 adrenergic receptors in the myocardium. Beta1 receptors are Gs-coupled, activating adenylate cyclase and causing an increase in cAMP levels within the cell. In addition to this, epinephrine and norepinephrine act on vascular smooth muscle cells via alpha1 adrenergic receptors to induce vasoconstriction of both arteries and veins. Alpha1 receptors are Gq-coupled and act via the same mechanism as the ET-1 receptor mentioned above. The combination of these events increases both cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance, effectively increasing MAP.
You Might Also Like Biceps Femoris Muscle - Origin, Nerve Supply, Function
Increased sympathetic tone also occurs during exercise, severe hemorrhage, and in times of psychological stress.
The renal system helps to maintain MAP primarily through the regulation of plasma volume, which directly affects the cardiac output. A drop in renal perfusion triggers the release of renin, launching the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade. Aldosterone acts on the distal convoluted renal tubules to increase sodium reabsorption and therefore increase water reuptake and plasma volume. Angiotensin II acts on the vasculature via the AT1 receptor to induce smooth muscle contraction, resulting in vasoconstriction. The AT1 receptor is Gq-coupled and works via the same mechanism as the ET-1 and alpha1 receptors mentioned above. Together these changes will increase both cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance to increase MAP.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_hypertension
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systolic_hypertension
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/essential-hypertension
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373417
People Also Reading
How Cardiac Muscle Works – All About You Need To Know What Are The Best Treatment of Dyspnea Causes of Pneumothorax, Symptoms, Treatment What Is The First Symptoms of Emphysema Which Test Ensure That A Man Is Alcoholic What Is Pectoral Girdle Muscle? – Muscle Attachment Movement of Shoulder Girdle – Ligament and Bursa Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome – Symptoms, Treatment The Plasma Membrane and the Cytoplasm Muscular System – Types, Diagram, Functions, Structure Nerves – Anatomy, Types, Structure, Functions Thrombocytes – Anatomy, Structure, Functions, Disorders
Cardiac & Respiratory Disease (A - Z), Rx Anatomy (A - Z)
Arthritis, and Chronic Pain (A – Z)
Cardiac & Respiratory Disease (A – Z)
Dark Web Market Place, and Links
Degenerative Spine Care (A – Z)
Dr. Harun Ar Rashid
Drugs (A – Z)
Gastrointestinal & Liver Disease, (A – Z)
Harbal, Unani & Food Suppliment (A – Z)
Health (A – Z)
Health Link Article (A – Z)
Homeopathy Medicine (A -Z)
Organic, seasonal Fruits, and Vitamin (A – Z)
Outdoors Sports Bag, Luggage, and Making Materials
PHP, JS, Python, and Machine Learning Technology
Rx Affiliate Marketing (A – Z)
Rx Anatomy (A – Z)
Rx Autoimmune and Rare Diseases (A – Z)
Rx Cancer, Neoplasms and Palliative Care (A – Z)
Rx Chearitable Trust
Rx Cyber Crime and Cyber Terrorism Protection Tutorial
Rx Dermatology (A-Z)
Rx Diagnostic and Pain Management Hospital.
Rx Dietary Supplements, Juices & Beverages
Rx Doctors Appointment, and Online Health Consultancy
Rx Endocrinology (A – Z)
Rx ENT (A – Z)
Rx Entertainment
Rx Entrepreneurs, Motivational Quotes, and Speech
Rx Eye & Vision Care (A – Z)
Rx Fracture of Bone (A – Z)
Rx Gymnesium
Rx iT World (Software & Android Apps)
Rx iT World Hacking Tutorial
Rx Journal of Chronic Pain
Rx Journal of Fitness&Clinical Nutrition
Rx Musculoskeletal System (A – Z)
Rx Neurology (A – Z)
Rx News24.com
Rx Nuts, Seeds, Grains and Cereals
Rx Physiotherapy (A – Z)
Rx Pregnancy, Baby & Mom Care
Rx Scholarships & Higher Education
Rx Sea Food, Soups and Recipes (A – Z)
Rx Shop (A – Z)
Rx Skin & Beauty Care
Rx Smart Phone and iphone
Rx Social Media Marketing Guide & Tutorials
Rx Tea, Coffee, Beans, and Essential Oils (A – Z)
Rx Unani & Ayurvedic Medicine (A-Z)
Rx Urology
Rx Vegetables, Herbs and Spices
Rx Web Design, and Development Guide (A – Z)
Up Date A to Z
…a global war against illness! and be update, perform best. By conserving this tag line or slogan we start our journey in 2012. This website is committed to providing the unique, relevant, and trustworthy latest information about health articles, content, news, video, animation, graphics to every citizen of the world. We become successful if our health article, news, video, animation touch your heart and occurs the revolution against illness in every corner of the world. No men will never die without proper treatment. Your small contribution by like, comments, share, the review may help to save another life. Thanks to everyone who reviews, likes, and shares our website health information. Keep in touch to get the latest article about health.
Copyright © 2012-2022; All rights reserved by authors.
Proudly powered by Rx Media International Ltd.


It's time to name names, as they say.
Don't contact them yet – that's for step 5. Step 3 is simply to explore the different networking options available and get you thinking about who would be good to talk to – consultants, recruiters, and human resources personnel.
We're going to focus on old fashion networking here – the art of connecting with people through personal contacts – meeting people who will put you in touch with other people who can help you with an "in" to a target firm.
Tier 1 methods are hot leads – campus recruiters and professionals at info sessions, company presentations, and career fairs where employers are looking for eager prospects (you!). Don't deceive yourself – this s no time to get lazy. You still have to do your homework to look great on paper, present yourself like a pro in person, and ask intelligent questions. However, the differentiator here is that these people are the doorstep, with an incentive to talk to you and show you what's possible.


Author(s): Shingo Niimi, Mizuho Harashima, Masashi Hyuga. Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
Therapeutic angiogenesis, stimulated growth of new vasculature to compensate for tissue ischemia, has been studied in a number of clinical trials in patients with various ischemic vascular diseases. These clinical trials include growth factor protein and gene therapy, as well as cell therapy. However, almost randomized clinical trials using vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor families, delivered as either recombinant protein or gene therapy, have failed to demonstrate improvement in patients with coronary artery or peripheral artery disease until now. However, randomized clinical trials using bone marrow-derived cells demonstrated modest but some significant benefit in patients with myocardial infarction. This report reviews the current status of randomized clinical trials and some non-randomized clinical trials using these therapies, plus related potential problems.
Affiliation:Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
Abstract: Therapeutic angiogenesis, stimulated growth of new vasculature to compensate for tissue ischemia, has been studied in a number of clinical trials in patients with various ischemic vascular diseases. These clinical trials include growth factor protein and gene therapy, as well as cell therapy. However, almost randomized clinical trials using vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor families, delivered as either recombinant protein or gene therapy, have failed to demonstrate improvement in patients with coronary artery or peripheral artery disease until now. However, randomized clinical trials using bone marrow-derived cells demonstrated modest but some significant benefit in patients with myocardial infarction. This report reviews the current status of randomized clinical trials and some non-randomized clinical trials using these therapies, plus related potential problems.


performances, tours, excursions and a culminating book. Focusing on "environmental" or "land" art, the collaboration seeks to address our changing relationship to nature, and to offer a new or previously unconsidered understanding of the place in which we live. Historically, New Mexico has been a place where the intersection of nature and culture is at issue. In the 1960s and '70s, the American Southwest was the location of the fi rst generation of Land Art or Earthworks, including such major projects as Walter De Maria's The Lightning Field, Charles Ross' Star Axis in New Mexico, Robert Smithson's Spiral Jetty, Nancy Holt's Sun Tunnels in Utah, and James Turrell's Roden Crater in Arizona. Since then, the Land Art genre has been subsumed under the more general term "environmental art" which is a highly diverse and vital feature of contemporary art around the world. This new genre recognizes that what we now think of as the "environment" has broadened to include the global community, the microscopic world and cyberspace as well as wilderness, the urban environment and suburban sprawl. It includes ecological activism, reclamation and remediation projects, ephemeral site-specifi c performances and many other approaches, all of which have in common art and artists that respond to features of our natural environment. LAND/ART involves over 25 presenting organizations in Albuquerque, Santa Fe and Mountainair, New Mexico, and is coordinated by 516 ARTS. Participating organizations include the Albuquerque Museum, UNM Art Museum, THE LAND/an art site, the Center for Contemporary Arts, the IAIA Museum of Contemporary Native Art, SITE Santa Fe and many others. All LAND/ART programs are listed on the project web site www.landartnm.org, and will be included in the complete program guide which will be available in May 2009. The culminating LAND/ART book will be published by Radius Books (http://radiusbooks.org), and will be available in December 2009.


No time for sleeping during our short commute times!
If you're looking to minimize your commute time and find an apartment that is centrally located to your employment, we implore you to consider Albany Lofts at One Broadway. We are located in Menands, NY which is convenient to so many cities in the Capital District of Upstate New York.
According to the US Census Bureau, the average commute time in the United States is 25.4 miles. Our apartment community is well within the range for the following cities.
Albany, NY: From our apartments, your commute to the Capital city of Albany, NY will take anywhere from 2 minutes to 14 minutes. We are literally 2 miles from Albany, making living at this location incredibly advantageous in terms of traffic, parking and commuting.
Troy, NY: Troy is a quick 5 miles, or 9 minutes from our location. An easy jump on to I-787 and you'll be on your way with minimal if any aggravation.
Cohoes, NY: Cohoes is only 7 miles from the Albany Lofts at One Broadway. It will take you approximately 11 minutes to commute for work or pleasure. 11 minutes too long? Consider our sister property at Harmony Mills Lofts which is located directly in Cohoes.
Schenectady, NY: Only 18 miles and a mere 21 minutes from Schenectady, you can make it to work in less than a half hour.
Colonie, NY: Colonie is a quick 12 minute ride from Menands and only 8 1/2 miles away. This gives you a convenient ride whether you're working, shopping or visiting in Colonie!
Guilderland, NY: Arrive easily to your job in Guilderland within 20 minutes from your apartment in Menands, NY. Only 11.5 miles away, your morning commute should take around 18 minutes.
Clifton Park, NY: I-787 to 87 will take you right to Clifton Park in a mere 19 minutes. Still well within the average commute time, Clifton Park is only 17 miles from Menands.
Latham, NY: Latham is a very quick commute at only 11 minutes! Just about 6 miles away, you'll find Latham, NY.
We understand that how long it takes you to get to work is a major determining factor when deciding on which apartment to live in. We carefully took this in to consideration when deciding to build in Menands. Our brand new apartment lofts are not only luxurious, they are located in a very appealing location to make your commute more than bearable. We urge you to schedule a tour or come to one of our Open Houses to see for yourself!


You may wonder how to create a nice drawing in an easy way, when you look at other designer's products. In general, most of designers would like to make a draft and then paint the drawing after. However, the designer has used something different to create such a drawing.


Free holidays for pensioners were stopped by Hackney Council to save money, the Gazette reported.
OAPs who already had their bags packed for trips to a council-run holiday home in Hastings were told at the last minute, "sorry you can't go".
Labour councillors blamed PM Margaret Thatcher's spending cuts which had been "forced on the borough". The trips were cancelled because there were not enough staff to run the home, following an overtime ban introduced to help meet strict government spending targets. The council hoped to rearrange the holidays the following year.
Chair of the Hackney Pensioners' Convention, Gerry Ross, said: "It's very sad. Why do OAPs always have to suffer from cuts? Those holidays are a great boon to old people, many of whom can't afford to pay for their own.
Council chiefs feared being kicked out of office and replaced by government-appointed commissioners if they failed to balance the books.


text:
György Targonski (* 28. März 1928 in Budapest; † 10. Januar 1998) war ein ungarisch-deutscher Mathematiker und Theoretischer Physiker. Seit 1974 hatte er einen Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Mathematik an der Philipps-Universität Marburg inne.

Leben

Kindheit und Studium
Targonski wurde im frühen Frühjahr 1928 als Sohn des polnischen Physikers Anton Targoński und der ungarischen Schauspielerin Rózsa Simonovits in Budapest geboren und verbrachte einen größeren Teil seiner Kindheit in Berlin. Da sein Vater, der russischer Staatsbürger war und sich mit Problemen der Brownschen Bewegung, Kinotechnik und Patentrecht beschäftigte, weder Ungarisch sprach noch seine Mutter Polnisch, sprachen Györgys Eltern miteinander französisch. Mit ihrem Sohn kommunizierten sie jedoch bemerkenswerterweise auf Deutsch. Targonski, der im Laufe seines Lebens noch einige Sprachen lernen sollte, soll später dieses Kuriosum oft als Grund dafür aufgeführt haben, warum sein Französisch nie ein wirklich hohes Niveau erreicht habe.

Sein Vater verstarb, als György erst acht Jahre alt war. Er versprach seinem Vater am Sterbebett, dass er sich um seine Mutter kümmern würde, solange sie lebte. Dieses Versprechen sollte Targonski halten, und zwar von diesem Tag an immerhin knapp 60 Jahre lang.

Als das Leben im Deutschland der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus immer schwieriger wurde, zog seine Mutter im Jahr 1938 mit ihm zurück in seine Geburtsstadt. Erst jetzt lernte er die ungarische Sprache. Als er als Kind wegen einer Form der Tuberkulose für etwa zehn Monate ans Bett gefesselt war, verschlang er förmlich die Novellen von Mór Jókai, die er komplett in ihrer Originalsprache las, wodurch Ungarisch letztlich zu seiner tatsächlich gelebten Muttersprache wurde.

1947 begann Targonski nach einem Abitur am Verboczy Gimnazium ein Studium der Mathematik an der traditionsreichen Péter Pázmány-Universität (seit 1950: Eötvös-Loránd-Universität), das er 1951 mit dem staatlichen Diplom abschloss. Zu seiner Studienzeit lehrten in Budapest Größen wie der Fourier-Analytiker Leopold Fejér, der Funktionalanalytiker Frigyes Riesz, der Graphentheoretiker Pál Turán, der Geometriker György Hajós und die Logikerin Rózsa Péter. Targonskis Arbeit Az iteráziószámításról (in etwa: "Über das Kalkül der Iteration"), seine erste inoffizielle Publikation, gewann 1951 einen Preis in einem ungarischen Mathematikwettbewerb.

Wanderjahre
Targonski arbeitete nach Abschluss seines Studiums zunächst als Assistent und Lehrbeauftragter an der Technischen Hochschule Budapest, wo er 1955 seine Dissertation Vegtelen sorozatok az iteracióelmeletben (Unendliche Reihen in der Iterationstheorie) abschloss, die sein Professor, Béla Szőkefalvi-Nagy, zwar anerkannte, jedoch sollte es zur Verleihung der Doktorwürde nicht kommen.

Durch die Niederschlagung des am 23. Oktober 1956 begonnenen Ungarischen Volksaufstandes sah sich Targonski genötigt, sein Heimatland zu verlassen. Am 13. November des Jahres bestiegen er, seine spätere Frau Jolán Margit Horváth und seine Mutter einen Zug in Richtung "Westen", der sie zu einem kleinen Ort nahe dem Neusiedler See brachte. Von dort aus gingen sie zu Fuß in Begleitung einer Gruppe junger Bergleute aus Tatabánya in Richtung Grenze. Als im Morgengrauen nur noch ein kleiner Kanal zu überqueren war, halfen ihnen die dort patrouillierenden ungarischen Grenzsoldaten. Von Österreich ging es dann weiter in die Schweiz.

Durch Vermittlung des Mathematikers Beno Eckmann, der auch später noch als sein Förderer in Erscheinung treten sollte, gelangte er zu einer Anstellung an der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule Zürich (ETH). Am 15. Dezember 1956 heiratete Targonski seine Frau Jolán.

Es folgten Aufenthalte in Cambridge, am Queen Mary College in London und in Genf (CERN und Institut für theoretische Physik der dortigen Universität), bis er schließlich 1963 an der University of Cambridge als theoretischer Physiker mit der Arbeit Contributions to the theory of Scattering zum Ph.D. promovierte. Im selben Jahr zog es ihn an die Fordham University in New York, wo er zunächst als Associate Professor lehrte und 1966 zum Full Professor of Mathematics ernannt wurde.

Als er 1974 einen Ruf an den Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Mathematik an der Philipps-Universität Marburg erhielt, folgte Targonski, der ein begeisterter Anhänger der europäischen Idee war, diesem. 1977 erlangte er die deutsche Staatsbürgerschaft. 1982 zog er nach Frankfurt. Dieses nicht nur, weil er ein gewohnter "Großstädter" war, sondern auch, um seine zu jener Zeit in Genf lebende Mutter noch schneller und öfter besuchen zu können.

Gesundheitliche Probleme
Insgesamt sollte Targonski in Marburg mehr Lebens- bzw. Arbeitszeit verbringen als an jedem anderen Ort, Budapest inbegriffen. Er publizierte etwas seltener als in den Jahren unmittelbar zuvor, begleitete aber eine große Zahl von Diplomanden und Doktoranden. Im Jahr 1981 brachte er sein Buch "Topics in Iteration Theory" heraus, das neben eigenen Arbeiten und denen anderer etablierterer Forscher auch diverse Forschungsergebnisse seiner Schüler, insbesondere Doktoranden und Diplomanden, beinhaltete.

Ebenfalls im Jahr 1981 erlitt Targonski einen schweren Schlaganfall, der ihn fortan stark beeinträchtigte und ihn auf Gehhilfen angewiesen machte. Er nahm weiter am Vorlesungsbetrieb teil, beschränkte sich ab dem Sommersemester 1989 jedoch auf tiefere Veranstaltungen zu seinen Fachgebieten sowie der Mathematik für Naturwissenschaftler, die er auf den Lahnbergen halten konnte. Die üblichen Zyklen, in denen Hochschullehrer ausgehend von den Grundvorlesungen über mittlere bis hin zu vertiefenden Vorlesungen und Oberseminaren Studienjahrgänge über fast ihr komplettes Studium begleiten, konnte er mangels Mobilität nicht mehr absolvieren, da die Grundvorlesungen, die auch für Physikstudenten verpflichtend waren, mit einer üblicherweise knapp dreistelligen Hörerzahl im fünf Kilometer entfernten Hörsaalgebäude in der Marburger Innenstadt abgehalten wurden.

Targonski und seine Frau, die promovierte Informatikerin und Mathematikerin Jolán Targonski, erlebten die politischen Veränderungen der Jahre ab 1988 mit großer Freude. Dennoch blieb ihm ein zweiter Schlaganfall, der ihn Ende 1992, kurz nach dem Tod seiner Mutter im stolzen Alter von 100 Jahren, ereilte, nicht erspart.

Nachdem er 1993 emeritiert worden war, verstarb Targonski nach Jahren der starken gesundheitlichen Angeschlagenheit schließlich am Anfang des Jahres 1998.

Trivia
Targonski sprach zwar Deutsch und Englisch sowie Russisch auf sehr hohem Niveau, jedoch mit charakteristischem ungarischen Akzent. Und obwohl er sowohl große Teile seiner Kindheit als auch die letzten knapp zweieinhalb Jahrzehnte in Deutschland verbracht hatte, waren seine internen Notizen zu Veranstaltungsvorbereitungen stets auf Ungarisch. Er war bekannt als sehr gebildeter und christlich geprägter Mensch, der insbesondere sehr eigene Formen der Didaktik entwickelte. Seine mathematischen Vorlesungen pflegte er mit reichlich Anekdoten zu würzen.

Im Winter 1998, als er gerade verstorben war, soll ein junger Mann ins Sekretariat des Fachbereichs Mathematik gekommen sein mit der Bitte, Herrn Targonski sprechen zu können. Er habe früher in der Nachbarschaft der Targonskis gewohnt und der Professor habe ihm stets geduldig und einfühlsam geholfen, wenn er als Schüler Probleme in der Mathematik gehabt habe. Nunmehr wolle er ihm stolz und dankbar seine frische Dissertation in ebendem Fach zeigen.

Arbeitsgebiet
Schon als Schüler hatte Targonski das Problem der Iteration von Endomorphismen, das heißt die wiederholte Anwendung einer Funktion auf ihren eigenen Wertebereich, fasziniert. Seine ersten Publikationen der Jahre 1952 und 1953 hatten folgerichtig Probleme der Iteration zum Gegenstand.

In seinen frühen Wanderjahren von 1956 bis etwa 1963 arbeitete er viel über Operatorentheorie im Zusammenhang mit Streuungsproblemen in der Physik, was eher der Funktionalanalysis zuzurechnen ist.

Targonskis eigentliches Lebenswerk liegt indes im Bereich Funktionalgleichungen und Iterationstheorie. Den zweiten Begriff hatte er selber erstmals geprägt, und sein Buch "Topics in Iteration Theory" war im Jahre 1981 die erste Monographie überhaupt zu dem Thema. Targonski untersuchte Thematiken wie iterative Wurzeln von Funktionen und die Bedeutung von Fixpunkten sowie die der Existenz von Zyklen anderer Länge für das Verhalten bei fortschreitender Iteration. Hierzu gehört auch der berühmte Satz "Period Three Implies Chaos" der amerikanischen Mathematiker Tien-Yien Li und James Yorke, der im Grunde nur ein Korollar aus dem rund ein Jahrzehnt älteren Satz von Sarkovskii darstellt, jedoch ohne Kenntnis dessen gefunden worden war. Überhaupt beschäftigte Targonski sich intensiv mit den mathematischen "Parallelwelten", die jahrzehntelang ohne Fachkommunikation zwischen der mathematischen Forschung des Westens und der des Ostblocks geherrscht hatten.

Neben seiner regelmäßigen, ursprünglich zweisemestrigen Vorlesung Iterationstheorie und Funktionalgleichungen und der ebenfalls direkt in sein Forschungsgebiet fallenden, sehr angewandten Vorlesung Diskrete Dynamik und pseudostochastische Phänomene las Targonski auch Gewöhnliche Differentialgleichungen und dynamische Systeme, Zyklen zur Funktionentheorie, zur Topologischen Dynamik und zu trigonometrischen Reihen. Hinzu kamen die Grundvorlesungen zur Analysis und, später, stattdessen die Mathematik für Naturwissenschaftler.

Schüler
Insgesamt vier Wissenschaftler und zwei Wissenschaftlerinnen promovierten bei Targonski zwischen 1978 und 1988:
 Gisela  Zimmermann: Über die Existenz iterativer Wurzeln von Abbildungen. 1978.
 Uhland Burkart: Zur Charakterisierung diskreter dynamischer Systeme. 1978.
 Reinhard Graw: Über die Orbitstruktur stetiger Abbildungen. 1978.
 Sabine  Müllenbach: Contribution a Vetude de Viteration fractionnaire des endomorphismes. 1983.
 Jürgen Weitkämper: Konjugation quadratischer Polynome, 1988.
 Reginald Ferber: Räumliche und zeitliche Regelmäßigkeiten zellulärer Automaten, 1988.

Die beiden letzten Doktoranden Targonskis wurden selber Professoren, allerdings an Fachhochschulen und jeweils für das Fachgebiet Informatik. Weitkämper lehrt und forscht heute (2015) an der Jade Hochschule in Oldenburg und Ferber an der Hochschule Darmstadt.

Publikationen
 Az iteraziószamftasról [On the Iteration Calculus]. Budapest University (unveröffentlicht; 1951).
 Ket formula a geodeziai  alapvonalhosszusagok  redukciójahoz  [Two Formulae for the Reduction of Basic Distances in Geodesy]. Hungarian Institute of Cartography, Budapest (unveröffentlicht; 1952).
 Darstellung von Funktionen durch Kettenreihen. Publ. Math. Debrecen 2 (1952), S. 286–290.
 mit Z. Fekete: Kombinatorika [Combinatorics]. Tankonyvkiado, Budapest (1952).
 An always Convergent Iteration Process. Acta Math. Acad. Sci. Hungar. 4 (1953), S. 119–126.
 mit Z. Bognar: Über die Bestimmung konjugierter harmonischer  Funktionen. Publ. Math. Debrecen 3 (1954); S. 215–216.
 Vegtelen sorozatok az iteracióelmeletben [Infinite Series in the Theory of Iteration]. Thesis for the Candidature of Sciences. Budapest University (unveröffentlicht; 1955)
 Interpolation durch Reihen iterierter Funktionen. Commentationes Physico-Mathematicae 20, 9; Helsinki (1957); S. 3–12.
 Approximation  of velocity-dependent potentials by separable kernels. II Nuovo  Cimento, Ser. X,  4 (1959); S. 1093–1101.
 On Substitution Operators. I. A Summation  Method. Technical Report No. AF 61 (052) – 320. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Queen Mary College, University  of London (unveröffentlicht; 1960).
 mit A. Martin: On the uniqueness of a potential fitting a scattering amplitude at a given energy. II Nuovo  Cimento,  Ser. X, 20  (1961); S. 1182–1190.
 mit B. Misra, D. Speiser: Integraldarstellung von Operatoren in der Streutheorie.  Helvetica  Phys. Acta 35 (1962); S. 329–330.
 Contributions to the theory of Scattering. Ph.D. thesis, Cambridge (1963).
 On a theory of linear functional equations. Proc. 14th Scand. Math. Congress, Kopenhagen (1964).
 Schröder's equation and a generalization of Chebyshev polynomials. Trans. New York Acad. Sci. 27 (1965), S. 600–605.
 A Bibliography on Functional Equations with Abstracts. U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research Report, New York (unveröffentlicht; 1964).
 Seminar on Functional Operators and Equations. Part I and II. Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule,  Zürich (1966).
 Convergence theorems derived from the theory of Carleman integral operators. Comp. Math. Vol. 18, Fasc. 1,2 (1967), S. 148–154.
 Zur Klassifizierung der linearen Operatoren auf Funktionenalgebren. Math. Zeitschr. 97 (1967), S. 238–250.
 Seminar on Functional Operators and Equations. Lecture Notes in Mathematics Nr. 33. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York (1967). ISBN 978-3-642-55859-7
 A short survey of some recent results on integral operators. Nat. Science Found. Grant No. GP. 8757 (unveröffentlicht; 1968).
 mit M. Schreiber: Carleman  and  semi-Carleman  operators. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 24 (1970), S. 293–299.
 Linear Endomorphisms of Function Algebras and Related Functional Equations. Indiana Univ. Math. Journ. 20 (1970), S. 579–589.
 Marek Kuczma (1935–1991; Jagiellonen-Universität), György I. Targonski: On a Pre-Schröder equation. Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. sci. math. astr. phys. 18  (1970), S. 721–724.
 Problem (P63). Aequationes Math. 4 (1970), S. 251.
 Über die lineare Funktionalgleichung erster  Ordnung. Jber. Deutsch. Math.-Verein. 73  (1971), S. 101–110.
 Charakterisierung von Operatoren durch Funktionalgleichungen. Demonstratio Math. 6 (1973), S. 861–870.
 An  iteration  theoretical approach to the concept of time. Proceedings of the  International  Conference  on  Point  Mapping and its  Applications, Toulouse, September 10–14, 1973. CNRS 1976, S. 245–257.
 Orbit properties of functions and "Pre – Abel" equations. Ann. Pol. Math. 33 (1977), S. 49–55.
 Einige Anwendungen  des Orbitbegriffs von Kuratowski. Ber. der math.-stat. Sekt. Forschungszentrum Graz, Ber. Nr. 83, (1978).
 On orbit theory and some of its applications. Zeszyty Nauk. Akad. Górn.-Hutniczej im. St. Staszica Nr. 764, Mat.-Fiz.-Chem. 43 (1980), S. 7–14.
 Topics in Iteration Theory. Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, Göttingen (1981). ISBN 3-525-40146-9
 Unsolved problems in iteration theory. In: Theorie de l'lteration et ses Applications. Toulouse, 17–22  Mai,  1982.  Editions du centre national se la recherche scientifique (1982) S. 23–32.
 New directions and open problems in iteration theory. Ber. math.-stat. Sektion Forschungsgesellschaft Joanneum, Graz, Nr. 229 (1984), S. 48–51
 Iterationstheorie  zwischen  Funktionalgleichungen  und  Dynamik.  Jahrbuch Überblicke Mathematik (1985), S. 9–28.
  Embedding of discrete dynamical systems. In: J. Demongeot, N. Goles, M. Thuente (Herausgeber): Dynamical Systems and Cellular Automata. Academic  Press, London, San Diego, New  York, Boston, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, 1985,  S. 65–72.
 mit Marek Cezary Zdun: Generators  and  co-generators of substitution  semi-groups. Annal. Math. Siles. 1(13)  (1985), S. 169–174.
 Phantom Iterates of Continuous Functions. In: R. Liedl, L. Reich, G. Targonski (Hrsg.): Iteration Theory and Its Functional Equations. Springer Lecture Notes in Mathematics Nr. 1163 (1985), S. 196–202.
 mit Marek C. Zdun: Substitution Operators on LP-Spaces and their Semigroups. Mathematisch-statistische Sektion, Forschungsgesellschaft Joanneum, Graz. Bericht Nr. 283 (1987), S. 1–55.
 mit Reginald Ferber, Jürgen Weitkämper: Fractional Time States of Cellular Automata. In: Proceedings of ECIT 89 Singapore. World Scientific (1991)
 On composition operators. Zesz. Nauk. Pol. SI. nr. 1070. Seria: Matematyka-Fizyka 64  (1991), S. 229–234.
 On a class of phantom  fractional  iterates. In ECIT 91. S. 295–304.
 Functional equations connected with phantom  iterates. Opuscula Math. 14 (1994), S. 179–182.
 Progress of iteration theory since 1981. Aeq. Math. 50 (1995), S. 50–72 (§ 5.).
 Proceedings of the ECIT98. Annales Mathematicae Silesianae 13, Katowice 1999.

Fußnoten

Quellen
 Ludwig Reich (Universität Graz), Adolf Schleiermacher (München), Karl Strambach (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg): György Targonski zum Gedächtnis. In: Jahresbericht 2001. Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung, S. 37–48 (PDF; 9,1 MB).
 Ludwig Reich: György Targonski, 1928–1998. In: Aequationes Mathematicae. Band 57, 1999 (PDF; 360 kB).
 Auszug aus dem Professorenkatalog ("Catalogus professorum academiae Marburgensis") auf den Webseiten des Fachbereichs Mathematik der Philipps-Universität Marburg
 Bogdan Choczewski  (Pädagogische Universität Krakau; 1935–2011), Jolán Targonski: György Targonski's life and work. Schlesische Digitale Bibliothek, 1999 (PDF; 1,1 MB).
 Nachlass György I. Targonski, Professor der Mathematik, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen 2009 (PDF; 440 kB).

Mathematiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (Philipps-Universität Marburg)
Hochschullehrer (Fordham University)
Ungar
Deutscher
Geboren 1928
Gestorben 1998
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Closer: My Story by Mariano Rivera
Mariano Rivera, the man who intimidated thousands of batters merely by opening a bullpen door, began his incredible journey as the son of a poor Panamanian fisherman. The greatest relief pitcher of all time tells the story of the championships, the bosses (including The Boss), the rivalries, and the struggles of being a Latino baseball player in the United States and of maintaining Christian values in professional athletics.
A Few Seconds of Radiant Filmstrip: A Memoir of Seventh Grade by Kevin Brockmeier
Keep Quiet by Lisa Scottoline
Jake Buckman picks up his 16-year-old son, Ryan, at their suburban movie theater. On the way home, Ryan asks to drive on a deserted road, and Jake sees it as a chance to make a connection. However, what starts as a father-son bonding opportunity instantly turns into a nightmare. Tragedy strikes, and with Ryan's entire future hanging in the balance, Jake is forced to make a split-second decision that plunges them both into a world of guilt and lies.
The Storied Life of A.J. Fikry by Gabrielle Zevin
A.J. Fikry's life is not at all what he expected it to be. His wife has died; his bookstore is experiencing the worst sales in its history; and now his prized possession, a rare collection of Poe poems, has been stolen. Slowly but surely, he is isolating himself from all the people of Alice Island . Then a mysterious package appears at the bookstore --- an unexpected arrival that gives A.J. the opportunity to make his life over and the ability to see everything anew.
The Perfect Score Project: Uncovering the Secrets of the SAT by Debbie Stier
These days, high SAT scores are seen as the ticket to a good college, merit aid, and ultimately a successful life. Yet for parents, the torment of cajoling kids into studying is made worse by the tangle of conflicting advice about how best to prepare. Debbie Stier made it her mission to cut through that tangle and ace the SAT. As part of her quest, Debbie took the SAT seven times, sampled test-prep methods, and bonded with her test-taking teenage son.
Where Nobody Knows Your Name: Life In the Minor Leagues of Baseball by John Feinstein
WHERE NOBODY KNOWS YOUR NAME takes readers inside the gritty, no-frills, high-stakes world of Triple-A baseball, which serves simultaneously as a launching pad for superstar careers and as a crash-landing pad for stars who have fallen. Introducing us to eight men --- two pitchers, three position players, two managers, and one umpire --- John Feinstein tells the riveting stories of those who are on the cusp of greatness.
Burn: Book 3 of the Pure Trilogy by Julianna Baggott
Inside the Dome, Partridge has taken his father's place as leader of the Pures. His intent had been to bring down the Dome from the inside with the help of the secret resistance force led by Partridge's former teacher, Glassings. But from his new position of power, things don't seem quite as clear. Outside the Dome, Pressia and Bradwell continue piecing together the clues left to them by their parents from the time before the detonations. Can they still trust their friend and ally, Partridge, to see their plan through? Or will a new war begin?
Red Rising by Pierce Brown
Darrow is a Red, a member of the lowest class of humanity living on Mars. He spends his days tunneling through earth, believing that the work he does now is helping to prepare the surface for future generations. When his wife opens his eyes to the truth, he sacrifices everything --- including the person he once was --- to find justice not only for his wife but also for his people.
The Priority List: A Teacher's Final Quest to Discover Life's Greatest Lessons by David Menasche
When a six-year battle with brain cancer ultimately stole his vision, memory, mobility and ability to continue teaching, David Menasche turned to Facebook with an audacious plan: a journey across America in hopes of seeing firsthand how his kids were faring in life. Had he made a difference? Within 48 hours of posting, former students in more than 50 cities replied with offers of support and shelter.
The Dead in Their Vaulted Arches: A Flavia de Luce Novel by Alan Bradley
Eleven-year-old chemist and aspiring detective Flavia de Luce gathers with her family at the railway station, awaiting the return of her long-lost mother. Yet upon the train's arrival, Flavia is approached by a stranger who whispers a cryptic message into her ear. Moments later he is dead, mysteriously pushed under the train by someone in the crowd. Who was this man, what did his words mean, and why were they intended for Flavia?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
AS a parent of two, Buninyong Anglican minister Mark Schnerring can empathise with the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge on the arrival of their new baby son.
"There was lots of anticipation about it. My wife is very keen on such matters so I have taken an interest as a result," Mr Schnerring said.
"It's the same as when Kate and William were married. There is a new level of excitement, which will serve them well in terms of their place in the hearts of the British nation and also the Commonwealth as a whole."
The Duke and Duchess are though to have been making plans so that their son will receive a thoroughly modern upbringing.
Mr Schnerring believes that this will work well as long as there are still elements of the more traditional manner.
"One of the most traditional families in the world is the royal family, so traditional factors should still be a part of (his upbringing). However we live in a modern world that we also need to connect with." He said.
Despite all the recent discussions and polls about what the name of the newest member of the royal family should be, Mr Schnerring believes that it is something that should definitely be traditional.
"But I'll leave that to them," he said.
Among the hopes and prayers of the Anglican Church, Mr Schnerring says that he hopes the newest member of the royal will be "someone to grow to know and to love God".
This Article was published on July 23, 2013 in The Ballarat Courier.


text:
Home Sinaloa News 9 curious facts you may not have known about Sinaloa
9 curious facts you may not have known about Sinaloa
Sinaloa is a state of Mexico that is located in the northwest of the country. Located between the Sierra Madre Occidental (a mountainous group that goes from Arizona to Jalisco) and the Pacific Ocean. It is located in a privileged place in resources and landscapes, and that, together with its people, makes this a special place on the planet.
We share some curious facts that perhaps you did not know about this state so that you are encouraged to visit it. Or if you already have, or live in it, so you have more information to brag about.
1. It is one of the main food producers in the country
The state of Sinaloa is in position 5 in the states that produce the most agricultural products year after year, with an estimated total of 12 million tons of products. Among them, the production of grain corn stands out, with a total of 6 million tons, making it the main producer of white corn in the country.
So, you may already have had a taste of Sinaloa simply by consuming a tortilla made from corn.
2. It has 11 rivers that give life to the region
The development of the state cannot be understood without talking about the natural importance of the rivers that cross it. Most of the settlements have been formed in the vicinity of these waters, which provide a source of irrigation for agriculture but are also the scene where the daily life of Sinaloa takes place.
3. More than 30 mother tongues are spoken
In addition to Spanish, which is the language most spoken by Sinaloans, there is a large number of mother tongues spoken by people who emigrate to the state from different parts of the country. The Mayo and the Tepehuano are officially recognized as original and the Tarahumara, the Mexiquense. But there are studies that recognize communities that speak Triqui, Mixtec, Zapotec, Nahuatl, and many others. Without a doubt, it is a reflection of the cultural diversity of the country.
4. It has a diversity of archaeological sites
As an indelible trace of the passage of the different peoples that have inhabited the region, there remain some archaeological remains distributed throughout the state, and perhaps many more still undiscovered.
The site "Las Labradas" stands out, where there are rocks engraved on the shores of the ocean, with elements of the cosmovision of the ancient Sinaloan settlers; Chametla, one of the oldest settlements in America, and "El Calón", the only pyramid in Sinaloa, made from seashells.
5. It is the only place in Mexico where the Mesoamerican ball game is practiced: ulama
This ball game is associated with the one formerly played by the Aztec and Mayan cultures, where they used different parts of the body, usually the hips in the south of the state, and the forearm in the north, to hit a leather ball towards another team. until one of them failed to return the ball.
Today it is still practiced in a traditional way in the south and north of the state and means a direct connection with our ancestors.
6. The word Sinaloa means "round dragon fruit"
It is believed that it comes from the word cahíta "sina" which means pitahaya and "lobola" which means "round in shape". So it is assumed that at the beginning he referred to the region as "sinalobola" which later became Sinaloa.
The pitahaya is a fruit that is considered exotic in other parts of the world, and whose cultivation has spread to other parts, but its origin lies in Mexico, where its varieties are widely consumed.
7. The Mazatlán Carnival is a celebration that is more than 100 years old.
What is now one of the most important carnivals in the country, began as a celebration in 1898 in the port of Mazatlán. Currently, it is made up of an international festival with events over 5 days, in which attendees enjoy music, special events, dances, parades and food. It has undoubtedly become one of the main tourist events in the state.
8. Banda's music has German roots
The Mexican musical genre is known as "banda" or "Sinaloan band" has its origins in the late 1800s, when brass instruments such as trumpet, trombone and tuba entered the country, with which the inhabitants of each region began to compose songs in their own style.
However, due to the European settlements that existed in the state of Sinaloa during the time, the influence of this musical style is remarkable. Mainly the styles of the Bavarian polka, characteristic of Germany, are noticed. Currently, the Sinaloan band is listened to by millions of people in Spanish-speaking countries.
9. There is a great variety of climates and landscapes in the state
Despite not being one of the largest states, different types of climates and landscapes can be found in Sinaloa, which also creates different habitats for a wide variety of animals and plants.
In a single day of travel, you can go from seeing a snowy landscape in the mountains, between cabins and pine trees, to being on a sunny beach with cacti and seagulls. Any corner of the state can become a beautiful postcard that will remain in the memory of all who visit.
Source: tusbuenasnoticias.com
Mazatlan Living
sinaloa history
Previous articleA must-have in your investment portfolio is Mazatlan, will tell you why
Next articleOrcas visit Mazatlan


text:
052 61 37775 [email protected]
Pay & File Deadline Extended to December 10th, 2020
Business Architecture
Home/Tax
AAL, Industry News, Tax
The Pay & File deadline has been extended to December 10th, 2020 giving businesses an extra four weeks in which to file returns with the Revenue Commissioners. The extension was announced on September 17th in the Revenue eBrief.
The deadline extension has been granted in light of the extraordinary circumstances that businesses have been working under, […]
By Áine Kiely O'Donnell|2020-09-19T12:19:20+01:00September 19th, 2020|AAL, Industry News, Tax|Comments Off on Pay & File Deadline Extended to December 10th, 2020
Do I Need A Tax Clearance Certificate To Avail of The EWSS?
AAL, Covid-19, PAYE, Tax, Your Business
The Employee Wage Subsidy Scheme replaces the Temporary Wage Subsidy Scheme on September 1st. The retiring scheme saw the Government support over 400,000 people during the pandemic. The new scheme does not have many differences in comparison to the previous scheme. However, employers need to be aware of the qualifying criteria. One of the main […]
By Áine Kiely O'Donnell|2020-08-30T19:01:04+01:00August 30th, 2020|AAL, Covid-19, PAYE, Tax, Your Business|Comments Off on Do I Need A Tax Clearance Certificate To Avail of The EWSS?
Covid-19 Pandemic Payments and Enhanced Illness Benefit: Update
AAL, Covid-19, PAYE, Tax
As 63,000 came off the pandemic unemployment payments last week, the Government has updated the eligibility criteria for the unemployment and enhanced illness benefit payments. These changes will come into effect on July 6th, 2020, and employers and employees should make themselves aware of these changes. […]
By Áine Kiely O'Donnell|2020-07-10T17:52:05+01:00July 10th, 2020|AAL, Covid-19, PAYE, Tax|Comments Off on Covid-19 Pandemic Payments and Enhanced Illness Benefit: Update
What Are The Benefits In Operating With A Limited Company?
AAL, Company Structure, Latest Thinking from AAL, PAYE, Pension, Tax
Are you operating your business as a sole trader or partnership? Or, are you a farmer looking at the issue of how your farming business is structured? Is it time to change to a limited company structure? In this blog, we look at the benefits and obligations related to limited companies. […]
By Áine Kiely O'Donnell|2020-03-22T20:12:32+00:00March 16th, 2020|AAL, Company Structure, Latest Thinking from AAL, PAYE, Pension, Tax|Comments Off on What Are The Benefits In Operating With A Limited Company?
Are You A Contractor? Are You Ready for IR 35?
AAL, Company Structure, Tax
The introduction of IR 35 in the UK will present significant challenges to contractors. The Covid-19 crisis has resulted in a delay to the introduction of IR 35. It was due to be introduced in April 2020. The British Government has now decided to defer the introduction until April 2021. The deferral gives people impacted by the introduction of IR 35 the opportunity to spend time ascertaining their status and if they fall within our outside IR 35. AAL can help you with your IR 35 issues. […]
By Áine Kiely O'Donnell|2020-06-29T20:57:38+01:00March 2nd, 2020|AAL, Company Structure, Tax|Comments Off on Are You A Contractor? Are You Ready for IR 35?
AAL (36)
AAL Newsletter (1)
Company Structure (4)
Latest Thinking from AAL (10)
PAYE (4)
Your Business (14)
© 2023 AAL | Hosted by SmartHost, Support & Site by Ten10 | Privacy Policy


The Libertarian National Committee will be meeting at the Hampton Inn at 5821 Richmond Highway in Alexandria, VA on Saturday, March 9 and Sunday, March 10.
The meeting runs from 9 am to 6 pm on Saturday, and Sunday from 9 am to 3 pm.
Click here to book a room or for more information on the Hampton Inn.
The LNC meetings are broadcast over the Internet. Check Lp.org for more information.
In addition, there will be a reception on Saturday at the Blackwall Hitch from 6 until 9 pm.
Author: Bob Johnston. This entry was posted in Announcements, News and Events.


text:
Revision Week
Written by Abiola Temitayo-Afolabi Apr 19 · 1 min read >
ABP remain the go to for my blog posting because it has story content to spin. It is revision week and the first ABP past question that I saw made me perspire hot sweat on the spot. I saw questions that should be in CFA and data analytics that left me palpitating. Anyway, I chose to keep my fears to myself and show my courage. If this past question is coming out in the exam then I have nothing to worry about. But if the potpourri of CFA, DA and ABP are joining forces to give me high blood pressure, then I've got butterflies in my stomach.
Here goes the story. Sugar Bowl began as Westlakes Lanes, a bowling alley in Raleigh, North Carolina. Dane Sugar, Shelby Givens' grandpa, founded the company as a family venture. Westlakes Lanes was losing money consistently and steadily until Shelby Givens joined them in 2009 after graduating from business school. Shelby joined Westlakes and turned the situation around in 9 months by employing a strict cost-control philosophy, allowing her not only to turn the situation around, but also to generate a tiny profit. Givens created another business model out of the bowling operation, which she branded Sugar Bowl, in order to ensure the business's long-term viability. Sugar Bowl is a projected bowling lounge and nightclub business concept that was supposed to begin in March 2010 but began in May 2010.
Givens borrowed $600,000 from a bank, relatives, and friends to launch the club, which he plans to return over five years at an interest rate of 8% per year. To attain her business goal, she had to make many sacrifices in terms of time and energy because the company was experiencing personnel issues owing to a limited budget, and there was a loan payback target to meet. She was entirely committed to the project, with little possibility for personal time, which was taking its toll on her and damaging her relationship with her parents, which has now become a source of concern for her. Givens was confronted with two major challenges in April 2012, a year after the lounge's inception and amidst rising earnings.
Givens was presented with two excellent offers: one from an investor looking to buy out the company at a reasonable price, and the other from a lucrative employment offer from a management consulting firm in New York City suggested by a business school acquaintance. Givens was forced to make a choice.
What option should he take?
Written by Abiola Temitayo-Afolabi
Up Next: You "CAN" Succeed


text:
SYSTEMS FRAMEWORK
Sydney Water Alternative Water Strategy – A vision of what is possible and a road map to get there
Written by peter@uwcs.com.au
The purpose of this investigation was to provide an alternative view of the potential for water cycle management throughout the Greater Sydney region and the role of Sydney Water Corporation (SWC). This study employed an integrated systems approach to analysing the performance of integrated water cycle management Options throughout the Greater Sydney region. The Options were determined to generate understanding of the response of the water cycle systems throughout Greater Sydney to alternative strategies.
This unique analysis is dependent on detailed local inputs throughout the system, such as demographic profiles and human behaviour, and linked systems that accounts for water supply, sewerage, stormwater and environmental considerations. A parallel investigation was also undertaken by a highly experienced and skilled group of industry leaders which were our Though Leadership Group. This Group provided analysis and commentary about all aspects of SWC and the Greater Sydney region from multiple perspectives, input to the systems analysis, review and interpretation of systems outcomes, and input to the final report.
This project has utilised the powerful framework for detailed systems analysis of the Sydney region that has been developed over a long period of continuous investigation. The unique systems analysis and the Thought Leadership process have generated a considerable volume of information and capability for additional analysis of the Greater Sydney region. It was only possible to present some of the outcomes of a very detailed analysis in this report.
Cities constantly change. This continuum of change is influenced by demographic, economic, political, environmental, cultural, and social factors – evolution of a city will vary depending on dominant influences at the time.
The nature, scale and location of water cycle (water, wastewater and stormwater) services have evolved with the metropolis. However, the current approach to water services is largely unchanged from the services established in the late 1800's and early 1900's. The future reliability of centralised urban water systems is uncertain. SWC faces the challenge of remaining a global leader in provision of water services to an evolving city in a sector transitioning to a new paradigm of provision of water services.
Dr Peter Coombes and Bonacci Water were engaged by SWC to provide an Alternative Water Strategy for the Greater Sydney region.
SWC was seeking an alternative vision of the future of Sydney and the requirement for water cycle services. This project defined an alternative vision and outlines a roadmap to realise this vision. SWC was seeking a transparent and robust choice of alternative futures that will allow prudent response to an evolving Greater Sydney region. A strategy was provided to manage both imminent and future changes to provision of water services, management of infrastructure, regulation, policy and political challenges.
The extent of the urban footprint for Greater Sydney (NSW Department of Planning)
This report has gathered independent ideas and transformed them into a plan for integrated water cycle services across the Greater Sydney region. Importantly, this project and report has not sought to reconfirm SWC's existing ideas. Rather it seeks to provide alternative views and strategies that should be considered.
The report does not represent a final destination. It is a starting point in the transition to a new paradigm for provision of water cycle services.
Sydney has been shaped by the availability of reliable supplies of potable water. The site of the colonial settlement of Sydney was chosen for its proximity to the best known freshwater spring – the Tank Stream. Wastewater was collected in water closets or discharged either into cess pits or open sewers. Waterways quickly became overloaded by waste. Sydney is currently serviced by a complex network of pipes, pumps, treatment plants, dams and a desalination plant.
Much of this infrastructure is aging, and services provided by some of those assets are diminished. Recent water supply shortages further exacerbate the problem because it is difficult to efficiently use water with traditional approach to provision of infrastructure. Across Australia, the performance of water infrastructure has been rated as only adequate to poor and it is known there has been considerable underinvestment in water infrastructure of many billions of dollars. SWC confronts many challenges in the near to medium term. These challenges relate to the ongoing ownership and operation of aging infrastructure, and the provision of new services for a growing Greater Sydney region.
The origins of alternative water services can be traced back to the phrase 'Water Sensitive Urban Design' (WSUD). The broadest definition of WSUD represents significant changes in the strategies for planning and design of settlements that includes all aspects of water cycle management. The recent drought and the omission of water cycle management strategies from WSUD has led to more holistic philosophies known as Integrated Water Cycle Management (IWCM) that often include WSUD strategies as components for stormwater management. IWCM strategies consider the availability of all water resources as well as reducing water demand by encouraging the use of water efficient appliances and practices. IWCM strategies combine best practice stormwater management with reductions in mains water use and reduced sewage loads to improve the security and sustainability of regional water supplies.
The influence of IWCM is becoming increasingly evident in the Australian landscape and there have been some excellent examples of IWCM applied to challenges of providing water services in the Australian water sector. Five illustrative case studies were provided to demonstrate IWCM strategies that have been investigated, implemented or applied.
High level guiding objectives and desired outcomes for the Greater Sydney area were developed in partnership with the Thought Leadership Group. These objectives are also focused on the institutions that influence the future of Greater Sydney with a focus on the importance of water cycle management in the system.
SWC identified a number of key objectives for their Alternative Water Strategy. Each of the overarching objectives state the Alternative Water Strategy should be based on the principles of decentralisation, more sustainable provision of water services, greater integration across water services, and a clear evolution from current thinking and practices.
To enable definition and testing of an alternative water strategy, these overarching objectives were translated into a series of specific principles or targets across the full scope of integrated water service provision. These objectives are consistent with an IWCM strategy and included minimising mains water demands, discharge of sewage, carbon footprints and costs of the development whilst protecting the environment.
Options and Scenarios
Options enable testing of the physical, technical and commercial performance of the system. Defining a base case (Business as Usual) and an alternative (Ultimate) option enabled the testing, comparison and understanding of the behaviour of the Greater Sydney system.
Scenarios (unlike forecasting) do not seek to predict the future. Scenarios are used to describe the expected time based transitions in the qualitative drivers that also influence the behaviour of the system. These qualitative drivers create phases of behaviours that will be experienced by any Option. The consequent plausible alternative futures can sensitise our perceptions of reality as it unfolds and provides intellectual "wind tunnels" in which business strategy Options can be tested.
The following options have been established as part of the investigation:
Option 0: Base Case – Business as Usual. The base case and represents the existing approach of centralised water, wastewater and stormwater management in Greater Sydney. This Option in includes the BASIX policy.
Option 0.1: BAU with Climate Change. This variation of Option 0 incorporates the impact of a high emissions climate change scenario to understand the resilience of water cycle management to climate change.
Option 1: Alternative Option (Ultimate). All new developments and redevelopments will form part of precinct scale IWCM strategies. All new buildings would implement sustainable (water, energy and design) building practices, equivalent to Green Star 6 appliances, local rainwater and stormwater harvesting and reuse of wastewater.
Option 1.1: Ultimate with climate change. This variation of Option 1 incorporates the impact of a high emissions climate change scenario to understand the resilience of water cycle management climate change.
Three alternative scenarios were established:
Status Quo – continue with current practice. SWC does the best they can with current strategies, knowledge and capability. This scenario is consistent with the BAU Option.
Middle Ground – Take advantage of some opportunities but miss out other significant opportunities. This scenario is a variable combination of the BAU and ULT Options.
Aspiration – The only sensible thing to do. World leader, best practice, innovation and greatest political benefit. This scenario is consistent with the ULT Option.
This study employed an integrated systems approach to analysing the performance of integrated water cycle management Options for Greater Sydney. The Options were determined to generate understanding of the response of the water cycle systems throughout Greater Sydney to alternative strategies. This unique analysis is dependent on detailed inputs, such as demographic profiles, and linked systems that accounts for water supply, sewerage, stormwater and environmental considerations. This section outlines the key assumptions and methods used in this analysis.
Change in cumulative nitrogen loads in stormwater runoff generated by IWCM solutions
Change in greenhouse gas emissions generated by the IWCM solution
In addition, a parallel investigation was undertaken by a highly experienced and skilled group of industry leaders which were our Thought Leadership Group. This Group provided analysis of all aspects of the SWC and the Greater Sydney region from multiple perspectives, input to the systems analysis, review and interpretation of systems outcomes, and input to the final report.
It is clear that the considerable ongoing growth of Greater Sydney presents a range of substantial challenges to traditional planning and servicing paradigms.
This challenging growth also presents compelling opportunities to change the approach to planning and providing water services for the region
It is likely Sydney will not evolve as a uniform spatial or temporal process.
This creates considerable uncertainty for the provision of traditional centralised strategies for management of water and sewage.
The areas likely to experience the greatest growth also currently have the lowest household incomes which will present considerable long term challenges to managing the social structure of the metropolis.
The increasing movement and accumulation of water, wastewater and stormwater throughout expanding or aging networks of infrastructure is the greatest challenge facing SWC.
The increasing age and declining capacity and condition of assets is expected to escalate the cost of managing the assets.
Incremental extension, renewal and amplification or the infrastructure networks to meet these challenges is likely to generate significant diseconomies of scale.
Water cycle networks throughout Greater Sydney are reliant on significant amounts of energy to transfer water and sewage to locations where gravity can be utilised for distribution or disposal.
Significant spatial variation exists throughout the Greater Sydney region that cannot be described by the averages and generalisations commonly employed in the water industry.
Global responses of the Greater Sydney system are driven by a range of decentralised behaviours.
There is a need for greater understanding of the regimes of water use behaviours throughout the region.
Regional water security does not equate to spatial water security throughout the region.
Areas of Sydney with the least water security also have the greatest concentration of rainfall.
Decentralised systems are not necessarily "stand alone" systems. They represent a smaller system within a larger system that may have infrequent and dimished dependance on the existing system.
Decentralised IWCM solutions provide a lower cost and greater community value approach to ensuring water security throughout Sydney.
This study has established that alternative water cycle management is technically, commercially, socially and environmentally viable strategy.
A holistic decision making framework for provision of services and investment decisions is required to recognise the value of alternatives.
There must be a transition to an investment economics methodology to drive decisions that focus on operational efficiency.
Change in economic benefits generated by IWCM solutions
Dr Peter Coombes
Dr Coombes has spent more than 30 years dedicated to the development of systems understanding of the urban, rural and natural water cycles with a view to finding optimum solutions for the sustainable use of ecosystem services, provision of infrastructure and urban planning.
Contact Peter Now
Borrowing from nature to create self organising systems frameworks of urban water behaviours
Borrowing from nature to create self organising systems frameworks of big data to understand urban water behaviours Peter J Coombes Contribution at 12:20 pm on Monday 13 June 2022 to the SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF ALGORITHMS 2022 online conference convened at the...
Available Storage in Rainwater Tanks – Stormwater Benefits
Impact of rainwater tanks on stormwater infrastructure. What is the available storage in rainwater tanks prior to a rain event that is significant to stormwater infrastructure? The use of design storms is current Australian practice for design of stormwater management...
Property Scale Systems Thinking: Full Course
Early bird registration for the Property Scale Systems - Rainwater Harvesting - course by Verge Permaculture and Urban Water Cycle Solutions is open now. Water is a crucial resource increasingly under stress. Yet rainfall, even in arid climates, can make up a sizable...
Stay Up to Date With The Latest News & Updates
Get in touch with Urban Water Cycle Solutions
Are you interested in collaborating with Dr Peter Coombes and his team?
Do you have a problem to solve or need an alternative point of view?
About Dr Peter Coombes
Designed by Leapfrog Market
Systems Framework for Big DataCLICK HERE


text:
Q: Docker swarm containers not able to access internet I am trying to setup a swarm cluster in AWS, however the containers in the host are not able to access the internet. The ping command for both address resolution or direct connectivity via IP is not working from inside the container.
Before creating this ticket I had a look at this issue, but I don't think there is CIDR overlap in my case.
I have the following configurations:
Public Subnet CIDR : 10.2.1.0/24
Namespace server inside this is :10.2.0.2

Ingress overlay network --> 10.255.0.0/16

docker_gwbridge --> 172.18.0.0/1

I have also tried creating the new overlay(192.168.1.0/24) and docker_gwbridge(10.11.0.0/16) network with no luck.
I am creating the service with these options(removing the mount and env parameters):
docker service create --publish 8098:8098 <Imagename>

Please note when I was creating the overlay network by myself I was adding the option --network my-overlay as well in the create command.
Any pointers as to what I might be missing/doing wrong?
Edit 1 Adding more info
Below is the inspect of container when I am not creating a new overlay network and going with the default one:
"NetworkSettings": {
        "Bridge": "",
        "SandboxID": "eb***",
        "HairpinMode": false,
        "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
        "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
        "Ports": {
            "5005/tcp": null,
            "8080/tcp": null
        },
        "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/e***9",
        "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
        "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
        "EndpointID": "",
        "Gateway": "",
        "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
        "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
        "IPAddress": "",
        "IPPrefixLen": 0,
        "IPv6Gateway": "",
        "MacAddress": "",
        "Networks": {
            "ingress": {
                "IPAMConfig": {
                    "IPv4Address": "10.255.0.4"
                },
                "Links": null,
                "Aliases": [
                    "30**"
                ],
                "NetworkID": "g7w**",
                "EndpointID": "291***",
                "Gateway": "",
                "IPAddress": "10.255.0.4",
                "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                "IPv6Gateway": "",
                "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                "MacAddress": "02:4***"
            }

And below is from when I am creating the overlay network:
"Networks": {
            "ingress": {
                "IPAMConfig": {
                    "IPv4Address": "10.255.0.4"
                },
                "Links": null,
                "Aliases": [
                    "42***"
                ],
                "NetworkID": "jl***3",
                "EndpointID": "792***86c",
                "Gateway": "",
                "IPAddress": "10.255.0.4",
                "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                "IPv6Gateway": "",
                "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                "MacAddress": "02:4***"
            },
            "my-overlay": {
                "IPAMConfig": {
                    "IPv4Address": "192.168.1.3"
                },
                "Links": null,
                "Aliases": [
                    "42**"
                ],
                "NetworkID": "4q***",
                "EndpointID": "4c***503",
                "Gateway": "",
                "IPAddress": "192.168.1.3",
                "IPPrefixLen": 24,
                "IPv6Gateway": "",
                "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                "MacAddress": "02:4***"
            }

A: I am answering my question as I found out that the reason for this behavior was my custom chef recipe for docker installation. I was setting up iptables=false in the docker config and hence it was not working for any docker container other than those in host network mode.
I got the following advice from Bret(Docker champion in docker community) which helped me to get to the root of the problem. In short it was a issue with something I was doing wrongly, however posting the suggestion below in case you want to troubleshoot such issues in future.
Hey Manish,
Suggestion: get a single container working correctly without swarm or overlays before trying them.
so you should be able to just docker run --rm nginx:alpine ping 8.8.8.8  and get a response.
That verifies that containers on that host have a way to the internet.
Then trying docker run --rm nginx:alpine ping google.com  and get a response.
That verifies DNS resolution is working.
*Then you can try creating a single overlay network on one node in a single node swarm:*
*docker swarm init *
*docker network create --driver overlay --attachable mynet *
*docker run --rm --network mynet nginx:alpine ping google.com *
That verifies they have internet and DNS on a overlay network.
If you then add multiple nodes and have issues, then you likely need to ensure all swarm nodes can talk over swarm ports, which you find a link to the firewall port list in The Swarm Section under the Creating a 3-Node Swarm Cluster resources.

A: As Manish said, first try to ping public network without overlay network:
docker run --rm nginx:alpine ping 8.8.8.8

If it doesn't work, then you have a problem with firewall or something else.
In my case, iptables firewall restricted DOCKER-USER chain to get access public network.
So I have flushed all docker rules:
sudo iptables -F DOCKER-USER

Then reinitialized:
sudo iptables -I DOCKER-USER -i eth0 -s 0.0.0.0/0 -j ACCEPT

A: I had a similar issue and was able to fix it by configuring the daemon.json file in the /etc/docker directory. Add following lines if they are not present already.
   "iptables":true,
   "dns": ["8.8.8.8", "8.8.4.4"]

Your daemon.json file should look something like below
{
   "labels": ....,
   "data-root": ....,
   "max-concurrent-downloads": ....,
   "iptables":true,
   "dns": ["8.8.8.8", "8.8.4.4"]
}

Then restart the docker service
sudo service docker restart

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


These are exciting times for students studying Maths at Derby College. We serve thousands of individuals every year, supporting them to achieve and progress as we believe that developing Maths skills is critical for people to thrive.
To enhance the support we offer to our 16-18-year-old students, we are seeking to recruit ESW - Maths Support Specialists to work with individuals, small groups, and with teams to provide tailored support for Maths skills, examination preparation, and to help students exceed their target grade.
If you are excited by the prospect of supporting young people to develop their Maths skills, then we want to hear from you.