I have a personal code of conduct for how and what I will post on social media. My main rule is: nothing negative. If I don't have something nice to say, I don't say it (I'm sure I've broken this rule, but I try hard not to). In general, if I'm posting it's to inform, delight or entertain. Occasionally it's to crowd-source some information I need. It's been kind of a rough year so, suffice-it-to-say, I've been pretty quiet on the electronic front.
Over the summer, one Facebook friend posted to ask why we actors only post when we have a great audition but never when we blow it and, more recently, another friend posted that she'd had a rough week and that she was sharing to counterbalance all of her more up-beat posts. And you probably know about all of the articles and essays out there about how much social media can stress people out. On top of that, a few weeks ago, my brother sent me this really interesting article about how people are less inclined to engage in discussion about public policy issues on social media AND that social media users are less inclined to have those conversations in real life than non-social media users.
It's all made me think about the value of the negative stuff. Where's the line between sharing something difficult in a way that might help others feel less alone and more able to overcome their own challenges and just complaining? And, knowing that potential business associates, clients and employers are all able to see what we put out there, what's the impact of a profile that's 100% positive vs. one that's more realistically varied?
How do you do Social Media? Do you have your own guidelines for what you'll post? A mission-statement for how you want your use of Social Media to impact others? Do you wish people would post more or less about their challenges? I'd love to know your thoughts.


text:
Category: Cold War Chinese Fake Tanks
Cold War Chinese Fake Tanks Fake Tanks
Type T-34 (Fake Tank)
Post author By Willkerrs
32 Comments on Type T-34 (Fake Tank)
People's Republic of China
Medium Tank – Fake
"Type T-34" is a made-up designation for the T-34/76 in Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) service. The only suggestion of the PLA operating the T-34/76 comes from the video game, World of Tanks, and their Chinese client company, Kongzhong. It is claimed that these tanks were supplied to the PRC (People's Republic of China) in the early 1950s by the USSR, along with thousands of other tanks. Whilst it is true that the PRC was sold as many as 3000 AFVs in the years 1950-1955, neither company can provide any proof for the T-34/76 being included in these arms sales. As such, the use of the T-34/76 by the PLA can only be concluded to be a hoax, intended as a credible means of filling up the World of Tanks "Chinese tech tree", which is riddled with both historical inaccuracies and pure fantasies but remains presented as historical fact, rather like the rest of the game.
Supposed History
World of Tanks gives the following information for historical background to the "Type T-34":
"Among the 1,800 T-34 tanks supplied by the U.S.S.R. to China in the early 1950s, there was a number of T-34-76s. After the tanks saw service in the PLA, almost all of them were sent to North Korea. The usefulness of these tanks was extended by Chinese-designed upgrades, including a new engine and modernized suspension."
Known T-34 Exports
The T-34/76 was a fairly rare export compared to the T-34-85 but still made its way to various countries including (but not limited to) North Vietnam, East Germany, (who used theirs mainly for training), Poland, Czechoslovakia, and North Korea. As such, it is plausible that other countries, such as the PRC, received the T-34/76.
However, arms sales from the USSR that took place between 1950 and 1955 are not recorded as including the T-34/76. Dr. Martin Andrew (a historian of the PLA) reports that the PRC received 1837 T-34-85s, 82 IS-2s, 40 ISU-122s, 67 ISU-152s, 99 SU-100s, and 704 SU-76s between 1950-1954, as well as 89 ARVs at least some of which (possibly even most) were based on the T-34 chassis (some others were based on the ISU chassis – at least two; almost certainly more). These numbers are estimates, and other sources have slightly different figures. For example, Zhang Zhiwei (author of The Tank Division of the Chinese People's Liberation Army 1945-1949) claims that the PRC received as many as 1964 T-34-85s by 1955. Regardless of exact figures, Dr. Andrew advises that there is no evidence of the PLA receiving the T-34/76, or any suggestion predating World of Tanks that he is aware of.
Furthermore, if "almost all" of the alleged PLA's T-34/76s were sent to North Korea, then this raises two questions: 'Where are the implicit rest of these tanks?' and 'Why has no evidence of these tanks (which were "later given new engine[s] and modernized suspension[s]") come to light?'
In reality, North Korea received all of its tanks directly from the USSR in February 1950, when a military advisory group was sent along with small arms, aircraft, artillery, and other military equipment types. This was enough to equip eight field divisions and other combat units consisting of 100,000 men. A such, the idea that all North Korean T-34/76s are actually ex-Chinese T-34/76s falls flat.
Chinese Upgrades?
The suggestion of the T-34/76 receiving Chinese-designed upgrades sounds highly dubious, too. The only known Chinese upgrade to the T-34 is the Type 58 upgrade standard of the T-34-85, and this did not include a suspension upgrade. The context of the World of Tanks description does not make clear if the Chinese designed upgrades were done to the remaining Chinese T-34/76s, or North Korea's T-34/76s. Some images of North Korean T-34/76s in the post-Korean War era indicate that some modernization features were added such as sidesaddle fuel tanks, starfish roadwheels (first introduced by the Soviets in 1969), and perhaps some other smaller details. It is plausible that these upgrades were designed with Chinese assistance, which might be the source of this suggestion, but very little is known about the post-1953 service of North Korean T-34/76s, and there is nothing to suggest that their suspensions have been upgraded based on the highly limited evidence that there is.
Furthermore, in World of Tanks, the "Type T-34" can be fitted with a 57mm gun designated "55-57FG", which appears to be a copy of the Soviet 57mm ZiS-4. Without a doubt, this is not real because the Soviets abandoned the 57mm gun for tank use in 1943, as it was considered obsolete. Having said this, the PLA is known to have fitted an unknown number of LVT(A)-4s and LVT-4s with 57mm ZiS-2 and 76mm ZiS-3 field guns in the 1950s, but details around these conversions are lacking. Regardless, these LVT conversions were done using Soviet-supplied field guns and should not be used as even circumstantial evidence of the Chinese developing their own 57mm tank guns, which, again, would have been totally obsolete by the 1950s for anti-tank duties. As such, the LVT conversions were most likely a means of having mechanized artillery as opposed to tank destroyers.
The name "Type T-34" seems rather dubious as no sources pre-dating World of Tanks make reference to this name. It is likely that name was made up by World of Tanks and/or Kongzhong to distinguish the vehicle from the Soviet T-34/76 in their video game.
For reference, the designation "T-34/76" is also a fairly modern designation. The USSR used "T-34" to refer to the /76 variant, and "T-34-85" to refer to the 85mm gun variant in Divisional records. However, sometimes these are not differentiated in historical documents. In such documents, unless a reference is made to ammunition type, it is difficult to be sure which variant is being referred to. Therefore, documents with "T-34" written are not sufficient proof enough of a Chinese T-34/76 unless guns and/or munitions are also explicitly referenced, or other contextual details suggest the /76 variant.
Korean War museum T-34/76, Liaoning Province
There is a widely circulated photograph of what appears to be a Factory 183 built T-34/76 in the Korean War Memorial Hall in Dandong city, (Liaoning province, PRC) which is sometimes cited as evidence of PLA T-34/76s. In short, the vehicle's provenance is somewhat unclear, but its construction suggests it to be a modern rebuild for museum purposes as opposed to a former PLA-operated vehicle.
A T-34/76 (most likely Factory 183 built) in the Korean War Museum in Dandong, Liaoning Province, PRC. The tank is made from a mixture of odd parts and is clearly not original. The SU-100 may actually be Chinese, as 99 were sold to China by the USSR in 1954. This SU-100, like the T-34, does not have any apparent PLA markings. Source: 'T-34 Interest Group' on Facebook.
The vehicle is made from a mixture of odd parts such as T-34-85 modernization wheels (almost certainly modern acquired, as they were made in 1969 at the height of the Sino-Soviet Split), the tracks are T-55 style, the sprocket is also from a T-55, the engine deck handrails are non-standard (probably handmade), and there is also a T-55 searchlight cage on the glacis plate (next to the driver's hatch). Most tellingly, the tank has a pressed turret's gun mantlet, but the tank is a soft-edge turret – this indicates that the tank is an inaccurate museum restoration, and may be simply a Type 58 made to look like a T-34/76 using parts which (may) have been acquired recently. That said, the handrails on the hull are typical of T-34/76s (although they may be handmade), and the hull machine gun position may also be that of a T-34/76 tank (this is not entirely clear, as the only indicator of this would be the casting nubs, not visible in these photos). It is therefore also possible that the hull is a T-34/76 hull that was acquired recently but has nevertheless been restored inaccurately. It is even possible that this tank was acquired from North Korea, as some modern footage shows a North Korean T-34 to have very similar production features to this T-34.
Most tellingly of all, the vehicle also does not have any PLA markings on it, thus suggesting that the tank is not intended to portray a PLA T-34/76, but may instead be intended to portray a North Korean T-34/76.
It can therefore be concluded that this tank is a post-Korean War acquisition that underwent an inaccurate restoration for museum purposes and should not be seen as evidence of the PLA operating T-34/76s.
The Historiographical Problem
As indicated, the crux of the issue is that there is no credible evidence (be it photographic or literary) to suggest any T-34/76s being used by the PLA that is available for scrutiny by non-Chinese historians. As mentioned, Soviet evidence for arms sales to China which indicates T-34/76s being sold is also lacking.
Kongzhong are reportedly able to access Chinese military archives and report what they find to Wargaming in order to make Chinese tanks for the video game. It is said that Kongzhong's researchers are only allowed to take personal handwritten notes whilst researching, and materials found in the archive cannot be reproduced (which is the case with many archives). As such, the existence of the "Type T-34" hinges on the word of Kongzhong, which is highly problematic.
Kongzhong is known to frequently take substantial creative liberties, or even to totally make up Chinese tanks (for examples of this, see the Type 59-Patton, 121B, WZ-132A, WZ-132-1, and the 'tank destroyer tree' which is filled with imaginary riffs on existing or semi-existing chassis), meaning that their credibility as a historical source is completely lacking. World of Tanks, too, is infamous for being jam-packed with fake tanks (a jarring example being the G.W. E-100, amongst many others), and having tanks operated by the wrong country (for example, the 10.5cm leFH 18/3 (Sf) auf Geschützwagen B2(f) being in French service). Given that World of Tanks also has this reputation, they cannot be trusted as a credible source either. Such imaginations are not in of themselves an issue, but their presentation as real tanks is.
In sum, no credible evidence to suggest the existence of the "Type T-34", or any of these supposed Chinese upgrades, is available to non-Chinese historians, and with the claim being made by two companies of dubious reputations as historical sources, it can only be concluded that the "Type T-34" does not exist until further evidence is put forward and evaluated.
Artist's interpretation of a T-34/76 (produced by Factory 174, Omsk) painted in regular PLA colors based on T-34-85s as seen on National Day parades in the 1950s.
Artist's interpretation of a T-34/76 (produced by Factory 174, Omsk) painted in typical PLA camouflage as seen on Chi-Ha Shinhotos and a T-26 M1937 on the 1st October 1949 foundation of the PRC parade. The same scheme has been seen on Type 59s in the early 1960s on National Day parades.
Both tanks were illustrated by Tank Encyclopedia's own Jaycee 'Amazing Ace' Davis based on technical drawings by Mark Rethoret.
The 'Type T-34' as it appears in World of Tanks.
T-34/76 (an inaccurate rebuild of a Factory 183 tank) in the Korean War Museum in Dandong, Liaoning Province, PRC, albeit at a different point in time to the other photo in this article. The tank is wrongly labelled as a T-34-85. Unfortunately, the plaque gives no hints as to the tank's origin, but merely generic (if somewhat inaccurate) information about the T-34. Put simply, this tank is not proof of the Chinese PLA operating a T-34/76 because it is a modern restoration and rebuild for the museum. Source: 'Surviving T-34/76 Tanks.pdf'
'Type 58' '404' in the Beijing Tank Museum. To its right is a Type 59, followed by two M3A3 Stuarts. Source: 'T-34 Interest Group' on Facebook.
A still from a North Korean propaganda film, reportedly from the 1960s, showing two T-34/76s. The tank in the foreground has a turret manufactured at Factory 112 (Krasnoye Sormovo), but also shows signs of T-34-85 modernisation such as sidesaddle fuel tanks (112 did issue some tanks of this type with this fuel tank arrangement, but most were post-WWII upgrades) and starfish roadwheels which were first introduced in 1969. The tank in the background has a 'hexagonal' style turret and also sidesaddle fuel tanks. The North Koreans are believed to have been supplied their T-34/76s by the USSR via China as an intermediary. Source: wwiiafterwwii.wordpress
A Soviet-made T-34T Armored Recovery Vehicle (ARV) in the Beijing Tank Museum. Up to 79 ARVs were supplied to the USSR between 1950 and 1954, most of which were T-34-based. Source: militaryreview.su
The museum's information panel reports the following:
"T-34 Tank Recovery Vehicle is a technical support vehicle produced in 1940s by the former Soviet Union. This vehicle began to enter service with Soviet Army in 1940, and was withdrawn from service in the late 1960s. T-34 Tank Recovery Vehicle, as a support vehicle for T-34 tank, is used for towing and recovering the trapped, toppled, or damaged tanks in the war. In 1950s, China began to buy this vehicle and put them into service with PLA, now all the vehicles are phased out of service. The vehicles bought by China went into the front line of Korean War together with Chinese volunteer troops, and played a significant role in the technical support in the war.
Specifications: Combat weight: 22-25 tonnes. Max speed: 55km/h. Max range: 300km. Max traction: 1584N(14t). Armament: 1 x 7,62mm machine gun."
Source: Beijingman.blogspot
One of Kongzhong's blatant imaginations – the so-called 'T-26G FT' as it appears in the video game 'World of Tanks'. World of Tanks reports that "during the 1946–50 civil war, a number of vehicles were captured by the People's Liberation Army in eastern China in 1949. In 1950, they were used as a basis for the creation of at least two modifications of tank destroyers." In reality, three T-26s were captured from the Kuomintang (Nationalists) during the Huai Hai Campaign (6th November 1948 – 10th January 1949) one of which was pressed back into service and was photographed on the October 1st 1949 Victory Parade in Beijing. It is likely that this tank was phased out shortly after, seeing as though Soviet arms sales of more modern tanks began in 1950. Some other T-26s were captured during the Civil War, but appear to have been lost before October 1949. The other two vehicles may have been wrecked beyond repair. There are other vehicles that World of Tanks suggests the PLA used but there is no proof for, such as the Renault NC-31.
Discussion with Francis Pulham regarding T-34 production variants.
Discussion with Dr. Martin Andrew regarding Chinese T-34s and Soviet arms sales to the PLA.
Special thanks to Leo Guo for providing translations.
Special thanks also to the members of the "T-34 Interest Group" on Facebook for their comments.
"Tuo Mao: the Operational History of the People's Liberation Army", PhD dissertation by Martin Andrew, submitted to Bond University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2008.
"The Tank Division of the Chinese People's Liberation Army 1945-1949" by Zhang Zhiwei, Humanism Print.
Worldoftanks.eu
Beijingman.blogspot
"Chinese Tanks Q&A with Will Kerrs" – thearmoredpatrol.com
"KongZhong: WG's Certified Fake Tanks Provider" – thearmoredpatrol.com
59-Patton (Fake Tank)
25 Comments on 59-Patton (Fake Tank)
People's Republic of China (1960s)
Main Battle Tank – Fake
From the Wargaming design bureau
Video games and historical accuracy are rarely used together in the same sentence. World of Tanks is perhaps one of the worst offenders, giving rise to some interesting, yet laughable fake tanks. This article will focus on one of the latest fake tanks to flood World of Tanks servers, the 59-Patton – An obviously fake mash-up between a Type 59 hull, and an M48A3 Patton turret. Many were quick to point out on WoT forums that it simply is unfeasible as a design. Nevertheless, considering how the creation of such a vehicle would be possible is a very interesting endeavor.
"Historical Information" and overall credibility
World of Tanks gives the following information about the 59-Patton –
"After 1960, Chinese government launched the development of a new tank. The engineering experiments included a wide use of previously produced Type 59 tanks. One vehicle was equipped with the turret, gun, and fire control system of an American M48A3 tank."
This is rather vague information, and also almost certainly untrue. It is true that the Chinese were experimenting with tank development from the 1960s onward, particularly with heavy tanks and upgrading the Type 59 (although most of the prototypes were allegedly destroyed during Chinese nuclear testing, according to WoT).
The concept of fitting an M48 Patton turret to a Type 59 as some kind of basis for an improvement does not fit the reality of Chinese MBT tank development at the time. Having said this, little detail is available on Chinese tank development.
Development on medium tanks / MBTs was slowly giving solid results, but did not include any ideas of giving the Type 59 a new turret. In fact, it was more about improving the Type 59, as opposed to the development of totally new vehicles, turrets, or chassis. 617 factory, who produced the Type 59, were given orders to make improvements based on the same chassis, shortly after production started. The result was the creation of the well-known Type 69, which later developed into the Type 79 MBTs. The hulls and turrets of these new vehicles were practically identical to the Type 59. The only real differences were the new technology and the inclusion of a 'new' and improved 100 and 105mm gun, respectively. None of the new technologies used can be attributed to an American source, let alone a new Patton turret. For example, the Chinese captured a Soviet T-62 tank (during the 1969 Sino-Soviet border conflict) and copied many components, such as the Luna Infrared searchlight and integrated this into their MBT designs.
Whilst the M48A3 Patton was a good design, it was, by 1960, somewhat outdated and was therefore replaced with the M60 Patton, which featured a 105mm gun (although the M48 stayed in service until the 1990s). The M48A3's 90mm gun would not be the best weapon to use against modern armor (particularly against Soviet armor, which became a priority for the PRC, due to the major breakdown in Sino-Soviet relations). Even if the M48A3 turret were modified to take a more potent Chinese gun, it would be far easier to upgrade existing Chinese turrets. This would allow a much quicker design process and faster production, seeing as though the same basic design would be used. In reality, the Type 69 followed exactly this – it was an upgrade of the Type 59.
However, the overall notion of an M48 Patton turret on a Type 59 chassis is absurd. The turret rings are a serious mismatch – the Patton turret is far too big for the Type 59 hull. A whole new hull (possibly but not necessarily based on the Type 59) would have to be developed in order to make this vehicle work, or the turret section would need substantial modifications.
A more credible story?
The other non-WoT suggestion behind the existence of the 59-Patton is to use the vehicle as a means to test the M48 Patton's capabilities. There is a suggestion that perhaps the Chinese captured a damaged M48 Patton, or at least the turret (which will be discussed later in the article). In order to test the M48 Patton's capabilities, the Chinese could mount the turret onto a chassis. The M48 Patton was in service until the 1990s, and it would perhaps be worth the Chinese knowing the M48's capabilities. Whilst a more likely theory, given the path of Chinese tank development during the period, it does not address the fact that the vehicle would not work due to the turret ring mismatch. Perhaps the Type 59 chassis could be, in some manner, modified to take the turret, perhaps by means of a small superstructure on top of the chassis, which would make the hull wide enough to fit the turret, as seen with the supposed "T-34/62" tanks, essentially a T-34 with a T-62 turret, which were used as bunkers, circa 1980. (See Sidenote: II) The turret would not even necessarily need to rotate for tests, but could be welded on and the hull of the vehicle would have to be turned precisely for accurate aiming.
Entertaining the theory of how the Chinese would even get a Patton turret to experiment on is also very difficult, but, nevertheless, there are two major theories, neither of which are suggested by World of Tanks. However, it must be noted that there is no real proof that the PRC ever had a Patton to experiment with, nor did they ever experiment with making the 59-Patton a reality. If the concept of the 59-Patton is true, then it probably was little more than a passing thought.
Theory 1 – Vietnam gave the PRC a Patton
It is highly unlikely that the Chinese would get hold of a Patton until the Vietnam War. This would require the NVA to hand over a captured Patton – something not easily done. The most likely time that Pattons would be captured is whilst they were in service with the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. In 1972, many of the 600 M48 Pattons to see service in Vietnam were given to the ARVN. These and M41 Walker Bulldogs would see sporadic fighting against NVA T-54s and PT-76s, but some were lost to Sagger missiles, such as in one incident in 23 April, 1973. In May, 1975, Patton tanks that belonged to the ARVN were abandoned due to running out of munitions and fuel (as a result of a US congressional ban on sending fuel and munitions to Vietnam). They were then in rather short service with the People's Army of Vietnam. At least one Patton still stands at the War Remnants Museum in Ho Chi Minh city.
From this, it is clear that the most likely time that Pattons would be captured is during the later stages of the Vietnam War, and by this time, the Vietnamese had sided with the USSR, not the PRC, as part of the Sino-Soviet split.
The Sino-Soviet split occurred when the USSR and PRC were feuding for ideological control of Communism. By the mid-1950s, Nikita Khrushchev cemented his leadership of the Soviet Union, and he denounced Stalin's cult of personality. He also pursued a policy of Peaceful Coexistence with the US and the West. However, Mao believed that it was every Communist's duty to destroy the West. The idea of seeking peace with them was wrong and against Marxism. He called Khrushchev a traitor or 'revisionist' for this. Apart from which, after the death of Stalin in 1953, Mao considered himself the leader of the Communist world, as he is the 'next most senior leader'.
Khrushchev was also at odds with Mao for a number of reasons. Khrushchev was also very critical of Mao's leadership of the PRC, especially the failure of the Great Leap Forward, the brutality of the invasion of Tibet, and the assertion of independence from the USSR. He thought that Mao was dangerous. Mao had intentions to invade Taiwan, which was considered a sure-fire way to start a nuclear war. On top of this, Mao declared himself the leader of the "third world" in 1974, stating that the USSR was just another form of imperialism, and that Chinese Communism was the way for newly revolting countries to go. He wanted to form a third belligerent in the Cold War.
Vietnam was only a new chapter in this split. When Vietnam started its Communist revolution, both the USSR and PRC thought that they could gain a new ally. The Vietnamese were happy to keep sitting on the fence between Soviet Communism and Chinese Communism so that they would get more weapons from both sides.
Originally, the Soviets sent their supplies through the PRC, but it was discovered that the Chinese were stealing some of these for themselves, so they used alternative routes. The Soviets also sent advisers to the NVA. The PRC was a little more direct. They sent in engineer soldiers to aid the NVA, as well as tanks and other weapons. After the Vietnam War ended, the USSR became Vietnam's strongest ally, and Vietnam sided with Soviet communism. This is mainly because the Chinese backed the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, at a time when Vietnam's Communist party was strongly against the ideals of Pol Pot. In 1979, the Chinese even invaded Vietnam because of Vietnam's occupation of Cambodia in 1978, which effectively ended the Khmer Rouge rule over Cambodia. This was another result of the Sino-Soviet split, with the Chinese Vice-Premier stating that the invasion was in response to 'Soviet expansionism' in the region.
History lesson aside, this shows that the Vietnamese and Chinese were hardly likely to collaborate on anything in the late war, which is when the Pattons were most likely to have been captured, and therefore there is little or no chance that the Chinese would receive a Patton tank this way.
It is reported by one Tanks Encyclopedia commenter that Vietnam gave China a Patton to test, and is currently on display at China North Vehicle Research Institute, but this is not proven to the satisfaction of the author.
Theory 2 – Pakistan gave the PRC a Patton
Pakistan and the PRC had a good relationship stretching back the 1950s. When most countries severed diplomatic ties with the PRC in protest over their claims of being the 'real China', Pakistan did not. Since 1962, Pakistan has received substantial military, economic, and technical assistance from China, with collaborations on military hardware such as the Al-Khalid continuing to this day. However, back in the 1950s, the USA was very interested in relations with Pakistan for strategic reasons. The USA did not want the domino effect to take place in Pakistan (whereby neighboring or nearby Communist states aid local Communist parties into revolution and take over the country), so various forms of economic and military aid was sent in order to ensure Pakistan stays loyal to the West.
After a mutual defense treaty in 1954, Pakistani tank officers were trained in the US at Fort Knox. During the mid-50s, Pakistan's cavalry regiments received 230 M47 and 202 M48 Patton tanks (although none seem to have been M48A3s). However, by 1966, in the context of the aftermath of the Indo-Pak war of 1965, China and Pakistan began military relations. The aim was to counter Indian (and US) dominance in the region. China was wary of India because of its ties to Tibet. India had trade links with Tibet that it did not want disrupting, following the Chinese annexation of Tibet and incorporation into the PRC. Despite an agreement of coexistence in 1954, border disputes between India and China ensued in the early 1960s, thus leading to the Sino-Indian War in 1962, and other events such as taking in the Dalai Lama as a political refugee after the 1959 Tibetan uprising only made things worse. Due to Pakistan's shared interest to avoid Indian influence, Pakistan and China saw each other as viable allies – an alignment of mutual interest.
This being the case, it is possible that Pakistan could send a Patton to the PRC for testing. However, many Pattons were lost during the 1965 Indo-Pak War, particularly at the Battle of Asal Uttar, September 8-10, with a minimum of 99 tanks lost out of the 176 Patton tanks and 44 Chaffees committed to the battle. This even led to the creation of Patton Nagar at the site of the battle, where many captured Pakistani tanks, mainly Pattons, were displayed – seeming to be mostly M47s, but some M48s, too (in all, an estimated 72 Pattons, of which 28 were in running condition). These vehicles were later shipped across India and were displayed as trophies. Whether or not Pakistan would therefore donate a tank to China in the 60s is doubtful.
Credibility of other Chinese tanks in WoT
Some commentators across the WoT forums and the internet have suggested that other little known vehicles such as the T-34-1, T-34-2, 112, and 113 are also likely fake vehicles. Despite the odd photo of tanks such as the WZ-111 (although without a turret ever built), it is generally stated that the other prototype tanks were destroyed during Chinese nuclear testing. It is speculated that many of the prototypes were already placed inside the blast zone, whilst tanks such as the Type 59 were driven into the fallout zone afterwards to test conditions.
Other comments about World of Tanks and its Chinese server operator also exist, which suggest that all of these prototype vehicles are fakes, and make libelous comments about the integrity of the Chinese World of Tanks server operator, Kongzhong.
Sources, external links, and further reading:
"The M47 and M48 Patton Tanks" by Steven J. Zaloga
"War Despatches: Indo-Pak Conflict 1965" by Lt. Gen. Harbakhsh Singh
"From Kutch to Tashkent: The Indo-Pakistan War of 1965" by Farooq Bajwa
"A World Divided: Superpower Relations 1944-90" by Steve Phillips
"Marxism After Marx" by David McLellan
"The Vietnam War 1956-1975" by Andrew Wiest
"Vietnam 1955-1975, a compelling look at America's longest war" History Channel, 2011/12 (A 4 DVD and 100-page magazine release by goentertain.tv)
mil.news.sina.com (Chinese)
military.schol.com.cn (Chinese)
Ritastatusreport.blogspot
Pakdef.org
World of Tanks Forum
M48 Patton on Tanks Encyclopedia
IDF-armor.blogspot
Economictimes.indiatimes.
WZ-111 on Wikipedia
Forums.eugensystems.com
China-India Relations on Wikipedia
China-Pakistan Relations on Wikipedia
The Battle of Asal Uttar on Wikipedia
Rendition of a 59-Patton. The turret rings would be a serious mismatch.
A prototype Merkava M48 – a real vehicle. One prototype Merkava chassis had an M48 Patton turret in order to test out the chassis, particularly the feasibility of a front-engine hull design. This may have perhaps inspired the 59-Patton.
A 59-Patton as seen in World of Tanks.
The release article for the 59-Patton, as taken from Worldoftanks.com. It is obviously a pure work of complete fiction.
The Chinese 'tech tree' from World of Tanks. It is filled with mysterious prototypes, most of which are probably fake or speculations at best.
A WZ-111 prototype in China Tank Museum, Beijing. It was constructed without a turret and the project was cancelled in 1966 due to a vast number of mechanical issues. Courtesy of Wikipedia user 颐园新居.
A Type 69 tank on display at the Tank Museum of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing. The Type 69 was the next major Chinese tank development and began in 1963. It was hardly more than an upgraded Type 59. There was seemingly no intention to create a new turret, nor was there any need – the improved 100mm gun was incredibly similar. It was also an unsuccessful tank, and the Type 79 was produced, although it was little more than an improvement on the Type 69, featuring a copy of the L/7 105mm gun.
An M48 Patton at the War Remnants Museum, Vietnam. It has been suggested that one could have been sent to China from Vietnam, but this seems unlikely, as after the war, the two nations had a dramatic diplomatic fallout.
"Patton Nagar", 1965. Photograph taken by Brig. Hari Singh Deora A.V.S.M, 18th Cavalry, Indian Army. As taken from Wikipedia. The suggestion that Pakistan might have sent the PRC M48s to test is unlikely, as many were lost in the 1965 Indo-Pak war.
One of possibly two Merkava prototypes featuring an M48 Patton turret. This may have inspired the 59-Patton, however, there is no proof of this.
Side-note I: Merkava M48
Prototype Merkava chassis were fitted with at least one or two M48 Patton turrets in the early 1970s in order to test the new front-engine layout. A Centurion "Shot Kal" turret was also used for this testing. It is possible that the prototype Merkava tanks with the M48 Patton turrets inspired the 59-Patton.
Side-note II: T-34/62 tanks
There were some T-34 tanks that were modified to take a T-62 turret circa 1980 (believed to be in Bulgaria). They had the turret rings and hulls modified to fit the larger turret, and were used as bunkers near the Turkish/Greek borders. Despite reports that they could reportedly still drive, it seems to be the case that they were just immobile bunkers. They also reportedly remained in service at least 1996. Only a few photos of a rusted wreck can be found online and there is simply a lack of information on the vehicles. This shows that the 59-Patton could exist in much the same manner. Other strange Bulgarian mix-ups exist such as a Panzer IV with a SU-76's gun modified to fit into the turret with a small superstructure built on the existing turret to make the gun fit.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Softphone vs. Deskphone: Which is Best for Your Organization?
Nicky Smith
Deciding to make the switch from a conventional phone system to a cloud (a.k.a. VoIP) phone system is a smart move when you consider all of the advantages, which include:
Significant initial and year-over-year cost savings.
A wide range of enterprise-grade Unified Calling (UC) features such as voicemail-to-email, auto attendant, live call transfer, and more.
Seamless scalability.
No maintenance, update and upgrade costs.
No technical support costs.
Reliability and uptime (if the power goes out locally, the system will automatically shift to another area of the state/country where power is operational).
The freedom to provide employees with a softphone or a deskphone (or both).
Below, we take a closer look at a softphone vs. a deskphone. First, we will quickly explain each option, and then look at five evaluation factors: versatility, cost, functionality, quality, and ease-of-use.
What is a Softphone?
A softphone is an app that is installed on smartphones, tablets, laptops, and desktop PCs, and enables users to make and receive calls, and access other system features (these are highlighted further in this article).
In the case of smartphones, tablets and laptops, access to the cloud phone system is over a Wi-Fi or cellular network. In the case of desktop PCs, access is usually through a hardwired ethernet connection. We say "usually," because some desktop PCs also connect to the internet through a Wi-Fi network (they either have a built-in wireless card or an external adapter).
What is a Deskphone?
A deskphone is a physical phone (rather than an app) that is specially-built for cloud phone systems. Voice signals are transmitted through the internet using ethernet or fiber optic cables. There are many kinds of deskphones, with various features and functionality.
Softphone vs. Deskphone Evaluation Factor: Versatility
A softphone is extremely versatile, because it enables users to make/receive calls and access system features from virtually anywhere. All that users need is internet access through a Wi-Fi or cellular network. What's more, outgoing calls made through a softphone app show the business's Caller ID information — not the user's personal Caller ID information. This is not just important for privacy, but it presents a more polished, professional image.
A deskphone is also highly versatile, but in a different way than a smartphone: they can be easily moved. For example, a business that relocates or expands into a new area can simply unplug their deskphones, plug them in at the new location, and instantly start using them. There is no need to lay cables or run wiring.
Evaluation Factor: Cost
A softphone is remarkably cost effective in two important ways. Firstly, the softphone app offered by Caroline Digital Phone is free. Secondly, using a softphone app enables organizations to leverage their investment in mobile devices, and/or have employees use their personal device.
Deskphones are available in a variety of price positions, from more basic to advanced models. Organizations can mix-and-match their deskphone profile to suit their specific needs and budget. A top quality deskphone — such as the YeaLink line — will last for several years.
Evaluation Factor: Functionality
A softphone offers many practical features, including the ability to:
Make and receive business calls from anywhere.
Connect with team members through instant messaging and SMS.
See team members presence icons to know if they're available or busy.
View and manage call history.
Create and change call answering rules.
Access a list of shared contacts (e.g. customers, vendors, suppliers, etc.).
"Read" voicemails through automatic text-to-voicemail transcriptions.
Transfer live calls from a Wi-Fi data connection to a cellular data connection.
Use voice commands to initiate calls, search contacts, etc.
Deskphones also several advanced features, which can include (depending on the specific model selected):
Backlit LCD screens for clear, easy viewing.
4-way conferencing
XML programmable context-sensitive soft keys
Dual-switched Gigabit ports
Integrated PoE
Dual-colored BLF/speed dial keys
Storing hundreds of contacts and call records
State-of-the-art security encryption technology (SRTP and TLS)
What's more, deskphones support a wide range of of automated provisioning options, which makes mass deployment fast and easy.
Evaluation Factor: Quality
Both a softphone and deskphone support HD audio that — contrary to what some people have been led to believe — is actually superior to landline systems (click here to find out why!).
Generally speaking, a deskphone will have the slight edge in calling quality vs. a softphone. This is simply because the former has (in most cases) a hardwired ethernet connection to the internet, while the latter uses a Wi-Fi or cellular network. However, recent advances have dramatically improved the speed and bandwidth of Wi-Fi and cellular networks, and in many cases there is no discernable difference in quality when using a deskphone vs. a smartphone.
Evaluation Factor: Ease-of-Use
Both a softphone and deskphone are intuitive and easy-to-use, and users are typically up and running within minutes — including those who may have been reluctant to add something new to their work toolbox.
And the Softphone vs. Deskphone Winner Is…
Which option is better for your organization: softphone or deskphone? The answer is simple: BOTH!
You can equip all of your team members with a softphone, so they can have access to the cloud phone system from anywhere. Remember, the Carolina Digital Phone softphone app is completely free, and installs quickly and easily on iOS and Android devices.
And as desired, you can also put a deskphones in your HQ and other locations. If you wish, you can also provide your remote workers with a deskphone for their home office.
Learn how our all-in-one cloud telephone system gives your organization the best of both worlds: softphones and deskphones. Contact us today at (336) 544-4000 or click the chat icon at the bottom of your screen.
PrevPreviousCarolina Digital Phone Introduces STIR/SHAKEN Robocaller Protection
NextFlexible Workplace: 3 Essential Tools that Every Organization NeedsNext
Over 20 Years Of Service and Why Our Customers Love Us!


text:
The Silk Road Series 45, Echoes of Distant Prayers
Posted on December 21, 2018 December 22, 2018 by Dharma Documentaries
The last of five films from NHK about the western end of the Silk Road, this one looks at Syria and Lebanon.
I have previously shown 16 episodes from NHK's famed Silk Road Series, which began as a adventurous project in 1980 and produced 12 episodes in the 1st series, and 18 episodes in the second.
The other 14 episodes were not available online at that time, and I have since learned that NHK in the early 2000s continued with a 3rd (10 episodes, unavailable at present) and 4th series (5 episodes), making 45 episodes in all.
In the last of these films exploring the western part of the Silk Roads we visit Syria and Lebanon, and meet with the diverse religions that they are home to.
The first stop is in an old Christian village in Syria, where we meet some of the elders and hear how they protected the village from other religionists in recent times.
We get a brief overview of the changing religions that have ruled in this area, from the pagan Romans, the Byzantine Christians, the Muslim Ottomans and the Shi'ites, and the conflict this has given rise to.
We next travel into Lebanon, and see the national symbol: the cedars of Lebanon, and learn about its significance as a symbol of endurance and co-existence.
We lastly hear from a Sunni father whose son was captured and killed by Shi'ites for no other reason than he was Sunni. The father now dedicates his time to inculcating peace amongst the various religious groups.
One thing that struck me about this section of the series is how much tragedy has haunted the peoples in this region, and for how long. Once prosperous kingdoms have been brought to ruin, and countless families have suffered in the name of religious ideologies. A problem we see up to this day.
Culture, Christianity, Islam, Middle East, War
https://dharma-documentaries.net/b/3qx
Danino 1, Recent Findings on Indus Sarasvati Civilization
Amongst White Clouds in China
The Sukhothai Dynasty (Folkways of Indochina)
The Legend of Buddha
The Scientific Buddha 4, The Future of the Past
Danino 4 and 5, The Idea of India, and its Interactions with the Western World
If a Tree Falls, A Story of the Earth Liberation Front
The Road to Shangri-la
The Heart of Taoism 3, Governing Without Action
The Silk Road Series 41, The Flame and the Cross
The Silk Road Series 42, The Progeny of the Queen of Sheba
For God's Sake (Thailand, Malaysia)
Peace Parks
The Heart of Taoism 4, Weapons of War
Lama La
The Living Universe
Survive (the Khmer Rouge)


01 October 2018, Rosa Khutor, Russian Federation:The 70th meeting of the Standing Committee to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild fauna and flora (CITES) got off to a disappointing start with a decision that China, Kenya, Philippines, Thailand, Tanzania and Uganda be released from a process whereby they must report on steps taken to address their roles in illegal ivory trade. These six countries are among a number that have been required by CITES to develop National Ivory Action Plans (NIAPs) and to report on their implementation of those plans. The Committee granted exit to these countries on the basis of their favourable submissions made by the countries themselves, without the need for an adequate independent verification mechanism. This deals a serious blow to international efforts to halt the illegal ivory trade which is estimated to kill about 20,000 elephants a year.
This decision was reached despite the submission to the Committee of a comprehensive report by the Environmental Investigation Agency to the Committee on the implementation of NIAPs in selected countries, including all of those listed above with the exception of the Philippines. The report outlined shortcomings in all cases. For example, Kenya and Tanzania are still major exit points for illegal ivory leaving Africa, while China's recent domestic ivory trade ban has yet to yield sufficient results on the ground to reassure observers that they are adequately addressing their role as the largest consumer market, a point reinforced by two reports released last week by TRAFFIC.
"The NIAP process has been undermined by over-reliance on reporting by the implicated countries, who have an obvious interest in downplaying any areas where progress is not being made,"says Colman O Criodain, WWF Wildlife Practice Policy Manager..
"Having been hailed as a game changer in pressuring countries to address their role in illegal ivory trade, it has now become a mere box-ticking exercise. In the meantime, the reports presented to the Committee show that there is no discernible improvement in trends regarding poaching and illegal trade. Far from it, countries are effectively suppressing information on illegal trade by not reporting ivory seizures to TRAFFIC, as required by CITES," he adds.
The Committee will go on to consider other issues this week relating to illegal trade in other species, including rhinos, tigers, marine turtles, parrots and precious timbers. However today's decision does not bode well for the outcomes on these species.
African elephant (Loxodonta africana) in the Masai Mara reserve, Kenya.


text:
'Star Trek' Starship Fetches Over $500,000 in Auction
Television's Star Trek celebrates its 40th anniversary this year, highlighted by a massive auction of costumes, props and other items at New York's Christie's auction house. (Image credit: Roddenberry.com.)
A model of the StarshipEnterprise used in the pilot and title sequences of "Star Trek: The Next Generation'' sold for $576,000 Saturday at an auction of costumes, sets and props from 40years of the "Star Trek'' sci-fi franchise.
The 78-inch-long (198-centimeter)miniature of the "Enterprise-D,'' built by Industrial Light and Magic, debutedin 1987 in the episode "Encounter at Farpoint,'' and then was used in manysubsequent episodes, as well as the film "Star Trek Generations.''
More than 1,000 items fromthe archives of CBS Paramount Television Studios went on theblock over three days at Christie's auction house, and fans forked over atotal of $7.1 million for set furniture, pointy Vulcan ears and other props.
Some Christie's employeestaking bids by telephone wore Star Trek uniforms, and a live feed of theauction was carried on the History Channel's Web site.
Other top sellers fromSaturday's auction included a spacesuit belonging to the series' Dr. McCoy fromthe episode "The Tholian Web,'' which fetched $144,000; and a replica ofCaptain James T. Kirk's chair on the bridge in the first Star Trek series.
The painted wood chair wasonly a re-creation for a 1996 episode of "Star Trek:Deep Space Nine'' that mixed action from that newer series with oldfootage, but it still sold for $62,400.
Contributing website
The Associated Press, also known as the AP, is a wire service that provides articles to a host of newspapers and websites. The news organization was founded in 1846, when the company delivered the news by pony express. The Associated Press journalists cover news from around the world and in all subject matters.


text:
Maris Catania explains Kindred's data on revenue from harmful gambling
Wed, 21 Jul, 2021
Kindred Group became the first gambling operator to report its share of revenue derived from high-risk players who show signs of harmful gambling. Our aim is to increase transparency and facilitate a fact-based debate. Openly reporting our data is aligned with Kindred's purpose "To transform gambling by being a trusted source of entertainment that contributes positively to society." It is also a part of our commitment to reach zero per cent of revenue from harmful gambling by 2023.
We have openly communicated the numbers in two consecutive quarters and the figures will be updated and published on our website each quarter, together with a measurement of the effectiveness of the Group's sustainability work. We want to measure our progress and benchmark against our ambitions, as well as pave the way for the wider industry to follow in our footsteps.
We asked Maris Catania, Head of Responsible Gaming & Research to analyse the numbers for Q2 and answer some of our questions.
Maris, Kindred Group made the decision earlier this year to reveal the percentage of revenue derived from harmful gambling. What is the purpose behind this?
Kindred has committed to zero per cent revenue from harmful gambling by 2023. The only way we can really commit to something like this and manage to monitor it, is by reporting the percentage of revenue derived from harmful gambling. We decided to take a broad approach, by reporting the amount of revenue coming from customers who disclose addiction, those who self-excluded (as it's used as a proxy measure in a lot of research papers) and the highest risk classification on our monitoring system Player Safety Early Detection System, PS-EDS, which was to cover this from most angles, and encourage other operators to follow.
To validate the scientific method behind the PS-EDS methodology, we are working on a research paper that will be thoroughly reviewed by external and unbiased experts in the research community. We are also reaching out to any interested researchers who would like to validate our system.
What have the reactions been so far?
Overall, the reactions have been very positive. We understand that these percentages still translate into a high amount of money, but reporting such numbers encourages a more transparent approach. There were some negative reactions around the transparency and motivation behind these numbers, but I think this is more a result of the lack of trust that is present in the gambling industry. Seeing that there is a proportion of people who suffer from gambling addiction, and the high number of affected others, there is a reason for this lack of trust.
Gambling is one of our most popular pastimes across the world, yet the stigma remains due to the addiction often being hidden and the impact it can have on affected others. Nonetheless, there are several myths and a lack of a fact-based discussion. We would like to contribute to a discussion that is not based on false statistics. As an operator and the industry in general, we need to work on getting trust by practising what we preach and put responsible gambling at the top of the agenda.
How does Kindred monitor the ambition of zero per cent revenue from harmful gambling?
We are continuously working on improving responsible gambling internally and working with treatment centres, researchers and experts by experience. Having this ambition across the whole group really gives responsible gambling a seat at the bigger tables to make changes and help customers in a proactive manner. We have also set out a roadmap for our journey towards zero.
In this roadmap, we list all the important steps that we already have taken such as, building a real-time monitoring capability by updating PS-EDS, adding a re-enforcement learning element to PS-EDS to continually improve the accuracy of detections, adding additional machine learning algorithms to the PS-EDS framework and inviting external researchers to evaluate PS-EDS. It also outlines all the important steps ahead. We aim to improve the real-time data capability across all markets and brands and investigate better interventions once a customer is detected. We will also engage with regulators and define common objectives in hopes of eradicating harmful gambling. As robust licence systems are set in place, we must ensure the regulators understand the need to widen the scope of national self-exclusion registers to include adjacent industries such as consumer loan providers.
On the technical side, we have invested heavily in developing technologies to detect and prevent problem gambling. We use our knowledge to create a digital fingerprint of our customers' behaviour. This fingerprint allows us to monitor, detect and follow up on problem activities. We then provide targeted customer protection, which is a central part of building a safe and responsible gambling environment. Our player monitoring system (PS-EDS) detects early signs of problem gambling and is a major pillar in Kindred's sustainable gambling approach.
This is Kindred's third reporting of the numbers. What is the difference that we can see?
We saw initially that there was a slight decrease in Q1. This was because we launched an updated version of PS-EDS, which is more behaviorally based, rather than financially based. Financial indicators are more based on how much money is lost, whereas behavioural indicators are more about how customers act on the website. For example, a financial indicator would be an increase in the deposits, whereas a behavioural indicator would be a customer who is constantly looking at the responsible gambling page and not taking action. The transition happened as behaviours precede the financials and therefore, make earlier interventions than before possible. The reason for this was to try to detect markers of harm in some cases, even before the customer's money is lost. What we are seeing now is that in Q2, the percentage has increased slightly.
Kindred puts its customers in different risk categories. What are the main reasons behind the increase in harmful revenue from high-risk customers during Q2?
I think this might be a mixture of things. Our monitoring system, PS-EDS, is being constantly updated and improved, and therefore we have seen an increase in the customers detected. Our Responsible Gambling teams are working on being more proactive and taking faster action from detection to intervention, which also means that in some cases, self-exclusion is being promoted even more.
Can you say anything about how it will progress long-term?
This only emphasises the testament that as a company we need to continue working on getting the percentage down. We will see individual quarters show an increase, such as this one, as we have communicated before. But the long-term trajectory is expected to see a decrease in numbers. I would like to emphasise that this is not just a tick-a-box exercise for us, and this commitment doesn't only apply to the Responsible Gambling team. We can only make changes is if we work together with different departments.
Do we address this going forward?
Currently, PS-EDS is based on manual interventions in most cases. We are working across different departments together to detect more customers and develop automated interventions. The intention is to have a real-time intervention. By working with the different experts in the organisation, we are investigating the best methodology to detect customers on the lower risks of the PS-EDS spectrum, and through effective communication, we will prevent customers from reaching that higher risk category.
https://www.kindredgroup.com/nizczyv
Kindred partners with Zafty Intelligence for responsible gambling app


text:
package fr.laas.fape.anml.model.ir

case class IRTriStatement(e1:IRExpression, op:String, e2:IRExpression, op2:String, e3:IRExpression, id:String) extends IRStatement

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
module CLaSH.Desugar
  ( desugar
  , desugar'
  )
where

-- External Modules
import qualified Control.Monad.Error as Error
import qualified Control.Monad.State.Strict as State
import Control.Monad.Trans (lift)
import Data.Map (Map)
import qualified Data.Map as Map
import qualified Data.Label as Label
import qualified Data.Label.PureM as LabelM
import Debug.Trace (trace)
import Language.KURE (runRewrite)

-- GHC API
import qualified CoreFVs
import qualified CoreSubst
import qualified CoreSyn
import qualified CoreUtils
import qualified Id
import qualified Outputable
import qualified Var
import qualified VarSet

-- Internal Modules
import CLaSH.Desugar.Strategy
import CLaSH.Desugar.Types
import CLaSH.Driver.Tools (getGlobalExpr)
import CLaSH.Driver.Types (DriverSession,drUniqSupply)
import CLaSH.Util (curLoc, makeCachedT2)
import CLaSH.Util.Core (startContext, nameToString, TypedThing(..))
import CLaSH.Util.Core.Types (tsUniqSupply, tsTransformCounter, emptyTransformState)
import CLaSH.Util.CoreHW.Constants (builtinIds)
import CLaSH.Util.Pretty (pprString)

desugar ::
  Map CoreSyn.CoreBndr CoreSyn.CoreExpr
  -> CoreSyn.CoreBndr
  -> DriverSession (Map CoreSyn.CoreBndr CoreSyn.CoreExpr)
desugar globals bndr = do
  uniqSupply <- LabelM.gets drUniqSupply
  ((retVal,tState),dState) <- State.liftIO $
      State.runStateT
        (State.runStateT
          (Error.runErrorT (desugar' bndr))
          (emptyTransformState uniqSupply))
        (emptyDesugarState globals)
  case retVal of
    Left  errMsg -> error errMsg
    Right _ -> do
      let uniqSupply'     = Label.get tsUniqSupply tState
      let transformations = Label.get tsTransformCounter tState
      let desugared       = Label.get dsDesugared dState
      let globals'        = Label.get dsBindings dState
      LabelM.puts drUniqSupply uniqSupply'
      return $ trace ("Desugar transformations: " ++ show transformations) $ desugared `Map.union` globals'

desugar' ::
  CoreSyn.CoreBndr
  -> DesugarSession (CoreSyn.CoreBndr,CoreSyn.CoreExpr)
desugar' bndr = do
  exprMaybe <- (lift . lift) $ getGlobalExpr dsBindings bndr
  case exprMaybe of
    Just expr -> do
      desugaredExpr <- makeCachedT2 bndr dsDesugared $ desugarExpr (show bndr) expr
      let bndr'     = Var.setVarType bndr (getTypeFail desugaredExpr)
      return (bndr',desugaredExpr)
    Nothing -> Error.throwError $ $(curLoc) ++ "Expr belonging to binder: " ++ show bndr ++ " is not found."

desugarExpr ::
  String
  -> CoreSyn.CoreExpr
  -> DesugarSession CoreSyn.CoreExpr
desugarExpr bndrString expr = trace ("desugaring: " ++ bndrString) $ do
  rewritten <- runRewrite desugarStrategy startContext expr
  expr' <- case rewritten of
    Right (expr',_,_) -> return expr'
    Left errMsg       -> Error.throwError $ $(curLoc) ++ errMsg
  return expr'


The S218H High Strength Thermal Stripper is your cordless, lightweight, quick-strip solution for 0.25 mm fibers. This hot-stripping tool quickly and consistently removes the coating of single and ribbon fibers. The unit's built-in battery provides 8 hours of operation on a single charge.
250 φ 0.25 mm for single fiber.
900 φ 0.9 mm for single fiber.
S218H-41 Blade unit. For φ0.25 mm Spare Blade. For φ0.25 mm single fiber.
S218H-43 Blade unit. For φ0.9 mm Spare Blade. For φ0.9 mm single fiber.


Manufacturing film for over 40 years, Crayex has a long, experienced history with our food manufacturing partners. Since we use only the highest quality FDA resins and food certified manufacturing practices, our food partners get a product with a high level of quality that they know and trust. Our manufacturing lines can produce a wide variety of films from monolayer combo liners and high puncture VFFS film, to very complex coextruded barrier and peel seal films. You get strength, rigidity, toughness, pliability, quick seal, slip, or no slip: the choice is yours. We have a vast array of resins and process knowledge to develop your special blend.
Operating 16 production lines in two plants, Crayex has the latest in extrusion equipment that produces very precise gauge and width tolerances. You also get fast turn times thanks to Crayex's redundancy in manufacturing capability that result in a very reliable schedule. This is all overseen by a highly experienced production and quality control team for consistency from order to order.
Crayex has been awarded SQF Code Edition 8.0 certification, assuring our products not only meet, but exceed Global Food Safety Initiative standards.


text:
Saying no to secrecy
TBMB names 4th Law Enforcement official present at the death of Ibragim Todashev
By TBMB Team
TBMB believes Law Enforcement officials should not be granted any more anonymity or protection from identification than members of the public would be, when an unnatural death occurs under circumstances that have warranted further investigation.
For this reason, TBMB has taken the decision to name a fourth Law Enforcement officer present at the death of Ibragim Todashev, as ex SWAT Officer and current Task Force Officer, Christopher Sean Berry, age 45, of Orlando, Florida.
TBMB were able to successfully confirm Christopher Berry's identity through Todashev family sources, phone records, birth, marriage, and past employment records.
Freedom of Information (FOIA) requests have been submitted to determine Berry's disciplinary record and identify any historical employment issues that may be relevant to Todashev's case.
For details of Christopher Berry's, Aaron McFarlane's, Joel Gagne's, and Curtis Cinelli's respective roles in Todashev's interrogation and subsequent shooting, please refer to the Florida State Attorney's report into the incident, or access our related stories here:
Todashev: Agent involved in shooting had a questionable history
Suspected Terrorists or Terrorizing Suspects? The Killing of Ibragim Todashev
Todashev: May not have provided key details on the Waltham murders after all


"This navigator has displayed a high standard of skill and contributed materially to the success of his Marker crew. He is exceptionally keen and shows a fine aggressive spirit at all times. He is strongly recommended for the non-immediate award of the Distinguished Flying Cross."
AFRO 721/45 dated 27 April 1945.


Hey guys, I've built a sphere-o-bot and am loving it now after almost a year but I have never been able to control the servo speed. I've changes the value for the pen up and pen down speed to single digit values but it still throws the pen up far enough to leave it at 90 degrees. I was hoping a solution the problem could be found on this thread but i died with no fix. I would love some advice on how to gain control of the values used to control how fast the pen goes up and down and would be more than happy to provide necessary info to help debug the problem.


text:
export interface TwoDimensionalPoint {
    x: number;
    y: number;
}

//Ideally I should separate these into 2 separate files
export class TwoDimensionalPoint implements TwoDimensionalPoint{
    constructor(x: number, y: number) {
        this.x = x; //X coordinate
        this.y = y; //Y coordinate
    }
}


When I launched Janglo as a Yahoo Group on June 18, 2001, I never imagined it would become Israel's largest online community for English speakers. I was just thinking about a way for my friends to connect to find jobs, roommates, and sales.
But we filled a need for olim that was much bigger than I imagined. Janglo was growing rapidly, and by 2007, it was one of the most active Yahoo Groups in the world. That year, I left my previous job, and had the time to invest in building Janglo into something much bigger.
Its been a crazy roller coaster ride, but its been worth it. Janglo is the Anglo community's top information source for jobs, housing, sales, events, deals, news, businesses, and so much more. We've helped tens of thousands of olim survive and thrive in Israel.
Hundreds of businesses use Janglo to attract new clients, with listings in our business directory, and premium publicity packages. Contact us to learn more about what we can do for yours.
Are we having fun? We try to. We work with the community's best event organizers to get you free tickets, and we sponsored concerts, softball teams and radio shows. We work with municipalities, olim organizations, and just about everyone else who is doing great things around Israel.
Janglo gets more than 150,000 visits per month from around Israel. Hundreds of businesses depend on Janglo to reach their customers. Our weekly newsletter, which has been called the best email in the Jewish world, goes out to more than 50,000 emails. If you don't get it yet, you can subscribe here.
What are we about? We're dedicated to getting really valuable information into your hands to you can use it. We want to help you live the best you can in Israel. And we're always looking for better ways to do so. If you have ideas how we can help more, tell us, or get involved!


I'm giving my blog a mini makeover. In the mean time please excuse the mess.
I'm working on fixing all the glitches!
Need to work on mine also!
Can't wait to see the new blog! Ditto on Char's comment on the blog header. It's beautiful!
Love the new header, so Autumn!
What a great new header... I LOVE it!
I love the header photo!! Can't wait to see your new look.


Items where Author is "Quack, Birgit"
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16 , pp. 12219-12237	.
Biogeosciences , 12 , pp. 6369-6387	.
Biogeosciences Disccusion, 10 (7), pp. 12115-12153	.
South China Sea Conference 2012,	Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 22 October 2012 - 26 October 2012 .
European Geosciences Union General Assembly,	Vienna, Austria, 22 April 2012 - 27 April 2012 .
Kiel,	Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel (GEOMAR) .
This list was generated on Sun Apr 21 04:19:13 2019 CEST.